——_ PORT OF THE SECRETARY : OF THE SMITHSONIAN | INSTITUTION 1932 292 ze 1G WO | C 8- 182. Ne ee ~OWau muses es SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _ WASHINGTON — Dig: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30 1932 (Publication 3183) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1932 pat 4 4 lf a fi i f - lin i f * i 7 4 . as \y ; * | te oe CONTENTS Outstanding events of the year_.___._--___-_-__----------_---__- sihevestablishment(eenc. . Teka ee aes Sa oe Ue ee ee sede S ihirepborrdroishtegrents! 6.40 25 2.0 ee ee eee see a Se Eprney race Semermmmeerre eae wacarter Mettensiofeeneral-imterest. 2) oe aoe 2 Dwight W. Morrow bequest._---..----------------------_-- Research Corporation awards to Doctors Douglass and Antevs-_-- Jp SCO HUGE SA a, EE ea EN eg ct a oe OO Cooperative ethnological and archeological investigations------~_ Hxplorations;and fieldwork 92 eo leerhe 2 oc ee nblicationcse sere. SS ee keen eee eee Oo te ala eles ot Silo eens seyret eee ppt RS cee RE ei. A eee eS le Soverimen#tally supported branches..—.--..=...-..2-.-i.222.222 22222 JeNeoHb Ore | MAY NUAS SN Oo ee eee ae cee esta ya 2s aU rk RU ererone le Gallenyaak parte so eet. ere ieee El a a Hrcer GalllerynoleAnt l. Ss sik Sew ee ee ee Bureamvof American) Mthnology—. 25.2222... 2... .L22-2 22 +5 Initemahionslshixehangeset sii es Fw es ok NationaleZoologicaliParke 227 bl 2) veer oe es ee ss AStLOpuysicals Observatory 1295 2S. ls5 Josues eee ee ale. Divisionvof Radiation and Organisms 2.222 922 2222 22 222 2 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_______--_________- 1 NEAGLE LEAT oe NRL ML a as se ou ca Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum_________-__ 2. Report on the National Gallery of Art_________---__-_-_- 3. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art_________-_-_---_-_-_- 4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology__.-_-_------ 5. Report on the International Exchange Service___._______- 6. Report on the National Zoological Park__..._.._____---- 7. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory_.._-_-----____- 8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms- -- -__ 9. Report on the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera- lOmeveporponnihe library. 25222 Soe te ifaReporjonypublications=s 222 22250250 2 ete so 1In part govermentally supported. Til <4 pik aiiavine ln auntie a Prey meena fol dae as ATK ZOO tons oh ty: 2G cae Wis t. ASE IAS hepa td The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of Eng- land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was with- out authority to administer the trust directly and, therefore, consti- tuted an “establishment ” whose statutory members are “ the Presi- dent, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.” THE BOARD OF REGENTS The affairs of the Institution are administered by a Board of Regents whose membership consists of “the Vice President, the Chief Justice, three Members of the Senate, and three Members of the House of Representatives, together with six other persons other than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city REPORT OF. THE SECRETARY 3 of Washington and the other four shall be inhabitants of some State, but no two of them of the same State.” One of the Regents is elected chancellor of the board. In the past the selection has fallen upon the Vice President or the Chief Justice, and a suitable person is chosen by the Regents as Secretary of the Institution, who is also secretary of the Beard of Regents, and the executive fice: directly 1 in charge of the Institution’s activities. A number of changes in the personnel of the board occurred dur- ing the year. The terms as Regents of three congressional mem- bers expired—Representatives R. Walton Moore, Robert Luce, and Albert Johnson. Six vacancies on the board were filled by the ap- pointment or reappointment of three Members of Congress—Repre- sentatives Albert Johnson, T. Alan Goldsborough, and A. J. Mon- tague—and three citizen Regents—R. Walton Moore, Virginia; Rob- ert W. Bingham, Kentucky; and Augustus P. Loring, Massachu- setts. A. J. Montague having resigned, E. H. Crump was appointed to succeed him. | The roll of Regents at the close of the year was as follows: Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, chan- cellor; Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States; Members from the Senate—Reed Smoot, Joseph T. Robinson, Claude A. Swanson; Members from the House of Representatives—A Ibert Johnson, T. Alan Goldsborough, E. H. Crump; citizen members— Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; Irwin B. Laughlin, Penn- sylvania; John C. Merriam, Washington, D. C.; R. Walton Moore, Virginia; Robert W. Bingham, Kentucky; Augustus P. Loring, Massachusetts. . By FINANCES PRIVATE FUNDS - The permanent investments of the Institution consist of the following: Total endowment for general or specific purposes (exclusive of © LNWRE GID. TRUONG IS SS see or sp ae ae $1, 775, 804. 36 Itemized as follows: Deposited in the Treasury of the United States, as provided by TED ING ccc et a ee te 8 publ Rsmebeat NL hs ale AS 2s 1, 000, 000. 00 Deposited in the consolidated fund— Miscellaneous securities, ete., either purchased or acquired by gift; cost or value at date acquired__________________ 712, 156. 86 Springer, Frank, fund for researches, etc. (bonds) _—-_-______ 13, 835. 00 Younger, Helen Walcott, fund ere Bones and stock Hele Uy CCU Sis) === aes eee eee ee yee eee aes 49, 812. 50 MOU N es SS 2 8s ee 0S gE ER 1, 775, 804. 36 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 The above-mentioned funds of the Institution are described as follows: United States} Consoli- Separate Total Fund Treasury | dated fund funds Arthor, Janies; fund's. ..22 32. 0s.e ee ae ese oe a eee eee $50, 699.31}. ..---..--.- $50, 699. 31 Bacon, Virginia Purdy, farid. 2220s a ee ee eee 63; 5321525). ei ee 63, 512. 52 Baird; Lucy: Hi, fundic2 252225 sos. Lo ee ee 9° 959" 00) jo ee see 9, 959. 05 Barstow, Frederic D., fond 22 23:20222 eS ee eee £ O64. 27aps tenes eS 964. 27 Canfield: Collection‘fund= 2-55-22 cute. cS Coat ooo eee eee 48, 488. 51 [..---.------ 48, 488. 51 Casey: ‘Thomas'L.; fand_26 0) 23} ae ie ee oe ee ee eee QO 7B76 14 ||. See 9, 797. 14 Chamberlain fund. 2222222 oat eae ee nS eee 35; 698. 68.).22- 2.2 one ae 35, 698. 68 Hedgkins (specific): fund) 445222. 22 Ae $100; OOOYO0 (S225 ee eens 2 ay 100, 000. 00 BU ehes, Brice sree ee ea ae | ae ee eee 19, 205.'63"| 2 ->- cea 19, 205. 63 Byer, Catherine W:.) funded !230222 ies 2 eee Se ee eee 22,007. G4) oh ok ere 22, 907. 94 Pell; Cornelia Livingston; fand 22.32" eee eee 3,000.69 |bas--soe ee 3, 060. 69 Poore, Lucy T. and George W., fund_-_____--___-___ 26,670.00 | 36,172.17 |..._-___-_-- 62, 842. 17 Reid; Addison T, find 4 ee ee 11,000.00 | 14,478.94 |_.-________- 25, 478. 94 Roebling: Collection fimn@et 5th 2 Ne a eee ee 152: O87 70 ee 152, 987. 77 Rollins, Miriam and William, fund =. . 22232222) 53, 787200 |22- <2 secon 53, 787. 00 Smithsonian unrestricted funds: PASCO Y CUNT ere a oe a ee a 14,000: 00 | 47,207.09 |..22.2-*2-2 61, 207. 09 Endowmoentitund?:. sis yes it ee 81,372£°67--|228 2 2 Se 81, 374. 67 anelTinde ae aoe a eee ae tere one eee 20000" = -- 23-2 1 eee 500. 00 Hachenberg funds 2 0220 J-- ee Ss eos Ieee eres 5,'100::49 las 2ache oe 5, 100. 49 Iamltonitani iss eee 2 Beye ee ee ae 2, 500. 00 OLEST0 | oe ee 3,011. 70 Henry tnd) 252 et See pe a ye a ee a eee 1 bear li) |e te ee 1 Saas 1% Hodgkins: general fund... 222): eee 116,000.00 | 38,018.94 |__-.________ 154, 018. 94 Barent fund.° 2 {<5 oe sos eect ee a ie 727; 640. 00 19:647#50"|_ 2 2oatiews oe 729, 187. 50 Rhtes timndie ec ee ie ea ee 590 00 590263) | se J2o0e ee 1, 189. 63 Sanford funds 224. -- sabes we eee 1, 100. 00 1} 128.49) |. 2, 228, 49 Springer fund 22522. 820 23 8 Fe Be ee eee Sere eal cee eee $13, 835. 00 13, 835. 00 Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, fund__________|--__---_______- 12, 450: 72) | 2. .2- ae 12, 450. 72 Younger; Helen Walcott; furid == 20 520 oe ey econ en |e eee ees oe ee 49, 812. 50 49, 812. 50 Zerbeo; ‘Frances Brinckié; fandii 2: = 251) ey a ee 964: 84.,|_ 4-3 964. 84 i=] Pal i=) —_ ' 1 ‘ 1 1 1 ‘ 1 4 1 ‘ ‘ ' 1 ' t 1 1 ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ' 1 ' 1 ' ' ' 1 ‘ { 1 1 1 1 1 ‘ ~ , 000, 000. 00 | 712, 156.86 | 63,647. 50 | 1,775, 804. 36 Freer Gallery of Art.—The invested funds of the Freer bequest are Classified as follows: Courtsand eros A eee eee ia a reese ee $580, 016. 22 Court and jerounds) maintenance wun. se ee 145, 171. 79 Curator * fond ee Ee 2 nS we ree Ree 589, 763. 31 Residwary , legacy: 2252252 22 ee a eee ae ee Oe ee 3, 858, 208. 44 4 0) eee eee a sn ere ee Un OO! Ee ee ee Coe we 5, 173, 159. 76 Recapitulation of endowment funds, June 30, 1932 Endowment for general purposes_..__--__-2_--_-______+_______ $1, 039, 351. 68 Endowment for specific purposes other than Freer endowment___ 736, 452. 68 Total endowment other than Freer endowment___________ 1, 775, 804. 36 YEE CHOOW Me lity 2. es ee a 5, 173, 159. 76 STATEMENT OF INCOME PARENT INSTITUTION Expendable income for fiscal year: Cash income from all sources for general work of the Institu- hom I a ee $74, 883. 41 Cash income from investments and other sources for specific Objects hc 22. 2 ee ae Ee ea Se 27, 893. 29 Cash gifts expendable for specific objects___.-_________________ 33, 761. 71 Tote). 5. Ase se Soe oe ee 136, 038. 41 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY . . 5 Increase of endowment: Endowment for general work of the Tmstitintion 2.2 We aia Wii. Sly $108, 020. 39 Endowment for specific uses_______--_------------------------ 7, 480. 71 Tian LG EV A STG UN SR OIE CN 115, 451. 10 FREER GALLERY OF ART Expendable income for fiscal year: Cash income for general work OhmoeMeroalleryess ee ke ee ee eee ee ee 281, 476. 85 The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been con- tinued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has amounted to $5,364.02. The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from the following: Dr. W. L. Abbot, for archeological investigations in Cuba and the Bahama Islands. Mrs. Laura Welsh Casey, further contributions to the Thomas Lincoln Casey fund for investigations in Coleoptera. The estate of Dwight W. Morrow, for general endowment fund of the Institution. Mr. Childs Frick, further contributions for researches in vertebrate paleontology. Research Corporation, for further contributions for researches in radiation. Rockefeller Foundation, for further contributions for researches in radiation. Mr. John A. Roebling, for further contributions for researches in radiation. The estate of William H. Rollins, for investigations in physics and chemistry. Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, for archeological investigations in Alaska. From an anonymous friend, for further investigations in Old World archeology. PUBLIC FUNDS The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smith- sonian Institution for the fiscal year 1932: Salaries snd vexXPeNSe gee wou ken es oa $38, 644. 00 eather nCOMECHIOM ME aS BE ie eS ee ee 20, 000. 00 International Hxchanees 2202 o aN ee 54, 060. 00 ASTD EN GB Ti VDE) NCCC (OPERA ea DON yA Re I I pba er See aa 72, 640. 00 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_________________ 8, 150. 00 AStrophysicaluObpsernvatory sees Ya 37, 620. 00 National Museum: Maintenance and operation *__________________. $154, 580. 00 Preservation of collections 7.24.22...) 2-2) 620, 510. 00 ————————.__ 775, 090. 00 1Former appropriations ‘‘ Furniture and fixtures,’ “Heating and lighting,’ and “ Building repairs ’’ provided for under this appropriation. 2 Former appropriations ‘ Books”? and “* Postage” merged with ‘‘ Preservation of ecollec- tions ’” and provided for under this appropriation. 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 National’ Gallery of “Artu._=—-— aes 0 eee $45, 220. 00 National’ Zoological Park.2 92520 Daal Sag a eee ee 255, 540. 00 National Zoological Park, plans for building for small mammals__ 4, 500. 00 Printing and binding... +2. ee 104, 000. 00 Mota = = oo es eee 1, 415, 464. 00 MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST DWIGHT W. MORROW BEQUEST Under the terms of the will of Dwight W. Morrow, former am- bassador to Mexico and later United States Senator from New Jer- sey, who died October 5, 1931, the Institution received a bequest of $100,000. ‘The legacy reads as follows: To the Smithsonian Institution, city of Washington, District of Columbia, one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), to be part of its endowment funds. Mr. Morrow, who for several years was a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, had taken an active inter- est in its affairs. His generous bequest is a substantial indication of that interest; it will be particularly valuable to the Institution because it is unhampered by conditions in the application of its income, making it possible to assign the additional funds thus pro- vided to the researches most in need of assistance. RESEARCH CORPORATION AWARDS TO DOCTORS DOUGLASS AND ANTEVS In recognition of their outstanding scientific researches the fourth and fifth Research Corporation awards of $2,500 each were made through the Smithsonian Institution to Dr. Andrew Ellicott Douglass and Dr. Ernst Antevs on December 18, 1931. The presen- tation was made in the auditorium of the National Museum, the exercises opening with an account of the Research Corporation and its awards by the Secretary of the Institution, and informally by Mr. Elon Hooker, a director of the corporation. This was followed by the formal presentation by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, chancellor of the Institution, and the recipients then delivered ad- dresses on their researches. An account of the ceremony, together with the full text of the addresses of Doctors Douglass and Antevs, will be found in the general appendix to the Smithsonian Report for 1931. LECTURES Arthur Lecture—tThe first lecture under the bequest of James Arthur, received by the Institution in 1931, was given by Dr. Henry Norris Russell, professor of astronomy at Princeton University, who lectured on The Composition of the Sun, in the auditorium of the National Museum on the evening of January 27, 1932. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ey iz. Hamilton Lectwre.—The sixth Hamilton Lecture was given on the evening of March 30, 1932, also in the auditorium of the Museum, by Dr. Albert Charles Seward, master of Downing College and pro- fessor of botany, Cambridge University. Doctor Seward’s subject was Plant Records of the Rocks. These two lectures are being published by the Institution, Doctor Russell’s in the Smithsonian Report for 1931 and Doctor Seward’s in the Report for 1932. SMITHSONIAN SCIENTIFIC SERIES The Smithsonian Scientific Series is a set of 12 volumes, written in popular style and profusely illustrated, on the various branches of science included in the scope of the Institution’s work. The books were written by members of the staff and collaborators of the Insti- tution, and they are published and sold by a New York corporation, the Smithsonian Institution Series, Inc. The Institution receives a definite royalty on all sales. Three-fourths of all receipts are added to the permanent endowment, the remainder used as income to pro- mote the Smithsonian program of research and publication. Eleven volumes of the series have thus far been issued and the twelfth and last was in press at the close of the fiscal year. The titles and authors are as follows: 1. The Smithsonian Institution, by Webster Prentiss True. 2. The Sun and the Welfare of Man, by Charles Greeley Abbot. 8. Minerals from Harth and Sky. Part I, The Story of Meteorites, by George P. Merrill; Part II, Gems and Gem Minerals, by William F. Foshag. 4, The North American Indians. An account of the American Indians north of _ Mexico, compiled from the original sources, by Rose A. Palmer. 5. Insects: Their Ways and Means of Living, by R. E. Snodgrass. 6. Wild Animals in and out of the Zoo, by William M. Mann. 7 Man from the Farthest Past, by C. W. Bishop, C. G. Abbot, and A. Hrdlitka. 8. Cold-Bloodod Vertebrates, by C. W. Gilmore, D. M. Cochran, and S. F. Hildebrand. ’ 9. Warm-Blooded Vertebrates. Part I, Birds, by Alexander Wetmore; Part II, Mammals, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr., and James W. Gidley. 10. Shelled Invertebrates of the Past and Present, with Chapters on Geological History, by Ray NS. Bassler, Charles E. Resser, Waldo L. Schmitt, and Paul Bartsch. 11. Old and New Plant Lore, by Agnes Chase, A. S. Hitchcock, Earl S. Johnston, J. H. Kempton, Ellsworth P. Killip, Daniel T. MacDougal, Albert Mann, and William R. Maxon. 12. Great Inventions, by Charles Greeley Abbot. COOPERATIVE ETHNOLOGICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS In 1928 Congress appropriated $20,000 for cooperative ethnological and archeological investigations in this country, the allotments to be made on approval of the Secretary of the Institution in amounts 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 equal to those raised by the organizations proposing the investiga- tions. The fund was nearly exhausted in 1931, but it was possible to make two smail allotments this year, bringing to a close this cooper- ative project. Allotments from the fund for cooperative ethnological and archeological investi- gations during the year ended June 30, 1932 1932 May 12. University of Denver, to excavate two dry caves in southern Colorado, one near La Veta and the other in the Apishapa Valley district; and if time and money permit, to make a reconnaissance of archeological remains in and around the San Dunes National Monument, $300. June 23. Mississippi, Department of Archives and History, to conduct a survey of Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian village sites and excavate prom- ising mounds in Mississippi, $259. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK The Institution and its branches sent out or participated in 25 expeditions in the furtherance of its researches in anthropology, biology, geology, and astrophysics. These expeditions visited 13 States of the United States, several countries of Europe, Canada, Alaska, Mexico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, British Guiana, and South- west Africa. As illustrative of the aims of these expeditions, I may mention Dr. W. F. Foshag’s trip to various mining localities in Mexico for the purpose of collecting certain rare minerals and series of specimens illustrating occurrences and ore formation for the National Museum; Dr. Alexander Wetmore’s expedition to His- paniola to obtain needed information on the bird life of that region; and a continuation of Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka’s anthropological work in Alaska, in the course of which he obtained anthropometric measure- ments on the living natives and, through excavation, collections of old skeletal and archeological material. The results of these and of the other expeditions of the year are described and illustrated in Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1931, Smithsonian publication No. 3134. PUBLICATIONS The consolidation of the three separate editorial offices of the Institution into one central office under the general direction of the editor of the Smithsonian, announced in last year’s report, has proved to be a very satisfactory arrangement. The most important. results have been more accuracy and a greater uniformity of style in the several series issued under the Institution and a shortening of the average time from manuscript to finished book; furthermore, a central contact point is provided between the printer and the edi- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 torial staff, and all of the financial and other records are kept in one office, where the status of every publication and allotment is avail- able at any time. One hundred and twenty-one volumes and pam- phlets were issued during the year, 50 by the Institution proper, 63 by the National Museum, 7 by the Bureau of American Ethnology, and 1 by the Astrophysical Observatory. Detailed information re- garding these publications will be found in the report of the editor, Appendix 11. The total number of publications distributed was 204,240. LIBRARY The Smithsonian library, made up of 10 divisional libraries and 35 sectional libraries, now contains more than 800,000 volumes, pam- phlets, and charts. Accessions during the year totaled 6,807 volumes and 4,648 pamphlets and charts, most of which were received in exchange. Among the outstanding gifts were a set in 45 volumes of the “ Phra Tripitaka” from His Majesty the King of Siam and a ‘copy of “ Cristoforo Colombo—Documenti & prove della sua ap- partenenza a Genova,” presented by His Excellency Dino Grandi. Considerable progress was made in recataloguing the botanical col- lection of the National Museum library, and the reclassifying and recataloguing of the Freer Gallery of Art library was almost com- pleted. Arrangements were made for assembling a dictionary index to all of the publications of the Institution and its branches. GOVERNMENTALLY SUPPORTED BRANCHES? National Museum.—tThe total appropriations for the past year were $835,090, an increase of $4,696 over those for the previous year. Plans were completed for the wings to be added to the Natural His- tory Building, authorized in 1930; but owing to the need for national economy, the estimate of $1,200,000 to begin construction could not be included in the Budget. Additions to the collections numbered 157,870 specimens, and as usual a large number of specimens were examined and reported upon, exchanged with other institutions, and given to schools. Important accessions in anthropology included collections of artifacts from prehistoric sites in Europe; series of old native implements from Kodiak Island, Alaska; costumes and im- plements used by the natives of Panama; and native pottery and textiles from Africa. Collections of general biological material were received from Southwest Africa and from Siam. Important series of plants came from the Brazilian-Venezuelan frontier and from 1¥or further details regarding the work of these branches, see the appendixes at the end of this report. ‘ 144136—32——2 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Peru. In geology, a large number of interesting minerals were accessioned, including a gold nugget weighing 81 ounces troy; also important collections of fossils, particularly of mammals. The out- standing addition in history was a series of 71 paintings illustrating events in American history, by the late J. L. Gerome Ferris, pre- sented by Mrs. Ferris. Twenty-three scientific expeditions relating to the Museum were in the field during the year, bringing back valuable material for study and exhibition. The number of visitors for the year totaled 1,630,030. National Gallery of Art.—Two special exhibitions were held dur- ing the year—one a collection of paintings made in Spain by Wells M. Sawyer and the other an exhibition in honor of the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington, which consisted of paintings, sculpture, plans of Washington City, etc., and was held under the auspices of the United States Bicentennial Commission and the Na- tional Commission of Fine Arts. Accessions of art works included a number of portraits, including those of Henry Ward Ranger and Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, and two water-color paintings by William Spencer Bagdatopoulos. Fifteen paintings were pur- chased by the Council of the National Academy of Design; under Mr. Ranger’s will, any of these may be claimed by the National Gal- lery during the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the artist’s death and ending 15 years after his death. Freer Gallery of Art.i—Additions to the collections include ex- amples of Persian bookbinding; Chinese bronze; Chinese and Per- sian ceramics; Chinese jade; Arabian, Persian, Armenian, and In- dian manuscripts; and Chinese silver-gilt. Curatorial work has been devoted to a study of a Japanese mandara painting; to a study of the Indian manuscript, Vasanta Vildsa; to a critical study of an ancient Armenian manuscript of the Four Gospels; and to the study of inscriptions on Buddhist stone sculptures and of inscriptions and seals on Chinese paintings. The total attendance of visitors for the year was 122,940. A full report of archeological work undertaken by the field staff of the gallery in Shansi Province, China, is now being published in Shanghai. It will be printed in both English and Chinese and will be fully illustrated. Bureau of American E'thnology.—Much of the work of the bureau depends upon field expeditions, which obtain needed information and collections connected with its investigations of the Indians. The chief, Mr. Stirling, as a guest of the privately organized Latin American expedition, visited the Tule Indians of Panama and the Jivaros of Ecuador. Doctor Swanton had considerable success in +The Government’s expense in connection with the Freer Gallery of Art consists main¥y in the care of the building and certain other custodial matters. Other expenses are paid from the Freer endowment funds. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 locating the probable route of De Soto and Moscoso through Arkan- sas and Louisiana. He also recorded linguistic material among the Tunica Indians in Louisiana and continued the preparation of the handbook of the Southeastern Indians. Doctor Michelson conducted linguistic and other researches among the Cheyenne, the Fox, and the Kiowa. Mr. Harrington studied the Indians of Monterey and San Benito Counties, Calif., and investigated the Chingichngich cul- ture of the coast of southern California. Doctor Roberts continued excavations near Allantown, Ariz., uncovering a number of pit houses, one of which, dated 797 A. D. by means of charred timbers, proved to be one of the earliest buildings of known date in the South- west. Doctor Strong conducted excavations in the stratified deposits on the top of Signal Butte, in western Nebraska, revealing three distinct levels of occupation, the lowest evidently of great antiquity. Mr. Hewitt continued his researches on the Iroquois Indians of the United States and Canada. Mr. Walker explored certain caves in the Ozark region of north central Arkansas and mound and village sites in northern Louisiana. Miss Densmore continued her researches on Indian music, particularly among the Winnebago of Wisconsin and the Seminole of Florida. International Hachanges.—The International Exchange Service is the official United States agency for the exchange with other coun- tries of parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and mis- cellaneous scientific and literary publications. The total number of packages of such material handled by the service during the year was 759,035, an increase of about 18 per cent over last year’s total. ‘The total number of sets of United States official documents forwarded to foreign depositories is 112, and the number of copies of the Con- gressional Record sent to designated agencies abroad is 104. National Zoological Park.—An expedition to British Guiana, led by the director of the park, brought back 317 live animals, includ- ing 13 species of mammals, 25 of birds, and 31 of reptiles and amphibians. Other accessions for the year totaled 900 animals. There were removed by death, exchange, and return of animals on deposit a total of 1,416, leaving the collection at the close of the year at 2,302 animals. Outstanding among the gifts of the year were the baby mountain gorilla and chimpanzee brought by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson. Visitors totaled 2,169,460, including 716 groups from schools and other organizations in 22 States, the District of Columbia, and Cuba. Work has progressed on the plans for a building for small mammals and great apes. The newly completed reptile house continues to be the most popular building at the park, demonstrating that it is well worth while to exhibit animals in suit- able and attractive quarters. 12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Astrophysical Observatory—vVolume V of the annals of the ob- servatory was published during the year. This volume covers the work of the period 1920 to 1930, including descriptions of the sta- tions and instruments, discussions of sources of error, methods of observation, tables of daily observations, 10-day and monthly means, and a discussion of the results of the several observing stations dur- ing the 10-year period. New instruments were designed and con- structed for solar researches, those completed being a new 2-chamber water-flow pyrheliometer, a doubly dispersing spectroscope designed to observe the extreme infra-red solar spectrum between wave lengths 10 and 30 microns, and the periodometer, an instrument for investi- gation of periodicities in solar and terrestrial. phenomena. Daily observations of the solar constant of radiation were continued at Montezuma, Chile, and Table Mountain, Calif. The station at Mount Brukkaros was closed. A volcanic eruption in Chile during the year made the atmosphere at Montezuma so hazy that satisfac- tory measurements of the solar constant could not be made there after April, 1932. In the search for a desirable observatory site in Africa, A. F. Moore found Mount Saint Katherine in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt to be the most promising of those investigated. Division of Radiation and Organisms.2—The carbon dioxide as- similated by wheat has been measured for light intensities varying from 78 to 1,900 foot-candles and for carbon dioxide concentrations varying from 0.004 to 0.500 per cent. A set of individual plant- growth chambers has been completed, permitting comparative ob- servations on the effects of different wave-length distributions of light; a first experiment indicates that an excessive intensity in the less refrangible end of the spectrum, that is, the infra-red and extreme red, is accountable for much of the abnormal appearance of plants grown in artificial light. An interesting set of experi- ments has been conducted on the lethal effects of the ultra-violet rays upon unicellular algae. Phototropic investigations have been carried further into the blue end of the spectrum. Ultra-violet measurements of the mercury are with the double monochromator have been carried to the point where absolute intensities can be de- termined with reasonable certainty. Cooperative work with the Department of Agriculture includes a study of the effects of light upon noncompetitive crop plants. International Catalogue of Scientific Literature—In addition to the routine work of the bureau, letters were sent by the Secretary of the Institution to all of the former regional bureaus asking whether they would again cooperate in the publication of the cata- logue by supplying references to the scientific literature of their * The Division of Radiation and Organisms is supported almost wholly by annual grants from private sources, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13 regions if funds could be provided to reestablish and finance the central publishing bureau. The replies so far received have been most gratifying, 16 out of 18 agreeing to cooperate in the resump- tion of the enterprise. It is hoped and expected that the necessary - capital to resume ‘publication, estimated at $75,000, can be obtained. NECROLOGY DAVID STARR JORDAN David Starr Jordan, chancellor emeritus of Stanford University, and associate in zoology, United States National Museum, since 1921, was born January 19, 1851, and died at his home in Menlo Park, Palo Alto, Calif., on September 19, 1931. Doctor Jordan became interested in ichthyology in the early seventies and devoted much of his time to the collection and study of fishes, to the great benefit of the collections of the National Museum. With his close associates— ‘Copeland, Gilbert, Evermann, and others—and in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Doctor Jordan collected not only in the United States generally but also from Mexico to Panama and in Hawaii, Japan, and elsewhere, making full reports upon material collected, much of which was deposited in the division of fishes of the National Museum. Over a period of 45 years (1878-1923) Doctor Jordan was author of 57 ichthyological papers, and coauthor of nearly 200 others, pub- lished in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum. In addition he was author of two bulletins of the National Museum and coauthor of three, including the monumental work on The Fishes of North and Middle America, in four volumes, written in collabora- tion with Dr. Barton Warren Evermann. JAMES WILLIAMS GIDLEY James Williams Gidley, assistant curator of fossil mammals in the United States National Museum, was born January 7, 1866, and died in Washington on September 26, 1931. Doctor Gidley’s life work was centered in the science of vertebrate paleontology, specializing in the fossil mammalia, in which he attained great distinction. Many scientific papers, largely published by the National Museum, record the results of his investigations. He was particularly noted for his research on the fossil horses of North America and for his studies on fossil remains in the Pleistocene of Florida. Through his wide knowledge of comparative anatomy he was called into frequent con- sultation by students of modern mammals. Doctor Gidley entered the Government service in 1905 as a member of the scientific staff of the National Museum and had been associated with the paleontologi- cal work of the Smithsonian Institution steadily since that time. 14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 CHARLES WALLACE RICHMOND Charles Wallace Richmond, associate curator of birds, United States National Museum, was born in Kenosha, Wis., December 31, 1868, and died in Washington May 19, 1982. He came to Washing- ton in 1881 and in 1888 joined the Geological Survey in its explora- tions in Montana. Returning from this, he became ornithological clerk in the division of economic ornithology and mammalogy in the United States Department of Agriculture. In 1892-93 he was in Nicaragua making natural-history collections, and in 1894 he was appointed assistant curator of birds in the National Museum, and in 1918 associate curator, which position he held until his death. In 1900 he was a member of the United States National Museum expedition to Puerto Rico. During the 38 years that he was affiliated with the Museum he has been a steady contributor to the publications of the Smithsonian Institution dealing with problems of ornithology and nomenclature. In these fields he was a recognized authority. _ Respectfully submitted. , , C. G. Assor, Secretary. _ APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con- dition and operations of the United States National Museum fe the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932: ‘The total appropriations for the maintenance of the National Museum for this period amounted to $835,090, an increase of $4, 696 over those for 1931. In this year’s appropriations the six separate items formerly, used were combined under two headings, “ Preserva- tion of collections ” and “ Maintenance and operation.” _ The appropriations for building repairs for 1931 included four items that were for noncontinuing appropriations, amounting to $37,500, omitted in the appropriation for 19382. Additions: under maintenance and operation for 1932 amount to $8,280, so that, omit- ting the items coming to $37,500 indicated above, cee is a dnenease under this heading of $29,220. : The amount pelale under preservation of dolleetionl was in- creased by $20,416, of which $18,600 was applied to additional per- sonnel. Reallocations made by the Classification Board added $2,160 _ to the salary rolls. Other increases amounted to $1,816. ; The sum available for printing and binding was increased by $3, 500 to care for an arrearage in the printing of manuscripts, for: which further additional funds are much needed. - Requirements for additional appropriations for thie Netanel Museum follow lines indicated in previous reports. Further per- sonnel is a question of paramount. importance, as the present. staff is fully occupied in the various duties that come under its scope, and there is constant need for additional assistance, as many important tasks now have to be postponed, this postponement sometimes run- ning for several years. This situation will be aggravated foetine the coming year, as. hmtlen is Economy Act all funds accumulated as.a result of lapses. in regular positions are impounded for return to the Treasury. Moneys accumulated from such lapses have been the principal means of hiring temporary employees, so that little of the usual temporary help will be available during 1983. This means that numerous tasks will be at a complete standstill and that the arrearage at cue eas Oe the year will be considerable..: Further, the appropriations for the National Mincenni above the bry rolls have not been STAGE — the regular routine: es aed a 15 * 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 tures, these sums having been supplemented by accumulations from lapses due to temporary vacancies in regular positions on the salary roll. Under the Economy Act, as stated above, these funds are all impounded for return to the Treasury, so that the Museum in 1933, in addition to its situation with regard to temporary help, will find itself more than $10,000 short of the funds necessary for regular routine expenditures. Curtailment in appropriation for printing and binding for the fiscal year 1933 has placed the National Museum in a situation where the usual publications can not be issued. This will result in the postponement of many valuable papers whose contents should be made available for general public use. ADDITIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY BUILDING In the report for last year there was mention of the provision in the second deficiency bill for 1931 of an appropriation of $10,000 for the preparation of preliminary plans for additions to the Natural History Building. It will be recalled that the extension of the Natural History Building, through wings on the east and west ends, at a cost of $6,500,000, was authorized in the Smoot-Elliott bill, approved by the President on June 19, 1930. ‘The executive com- mittee of the Board of Regents selected the Allied Architects (Inc.) of Washington to make the necessary plans. ‘The work has pro- _ gressed rapidly and efficiently under the direction of Nathan Wyeth, so that these plans are now in hand. An estimate for $1,200,000 for a first appropriation to begin con- struction was included in the items submitted to the Bureau of the Budget for the fiscal year 1933, it being considered that this would suffice for excavation, foundations, and similar items, with the ex- pectation that contracts would be made covering the continuance of the work. Due to the financial situation which arose and the neces- sary restriction that this imposed on the National Budget, it was not practicable to include this item in the estimates finally sub- mitted to the Congress, nor was there later opportunity to consider it favorably. The matter has rested at this point pending more favorable opportunity. It is highly important that construction should be begun as soon as financial conditions will permit. The addition in space that these new wings will bring is seriously needed, since-the present Museum buiidings are so badly crowded as to interfere with logical exhibi- tion and storage collections, and there can be no expansion. The matter is particularly important in view of the many excellent specimens that are constantly offered that form highly desirable additions to the national collections. Many expedients are adopted to provide additional storage facilities, but we are about at the end REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ike of our resources in this respect. It must be anticipated that more than two years will be required before the new area is ready for occupancy after construction is begun, so that work on the wings should commence as soon as practicable. Final completion of the additions to the Natural History nila ing will provide properly for the Museum’s needs in one direction, but other collections require more adequate housing than can be given them with the existing structures. The great collections in en gineering, aviation, textiles, history, and associated fields are at present in the old Museum Building, constructed in 1881 at a cost of $225,000, and in a temporary building south of the Smithsonian Building that houses most of the aircraft. Both buildings are crowded to such an extent that many desirable objects offered for the national collections can not be accepted because there is no room for them. Plans should be drawn as soon as possible for a large building to house the collections concerned with arts and industries, including’ aircraft; that will provide proper facilities for these im- portant collections. There should be, further, a separate building for the great historical collections, in which there are found such objects as relics of Washington, Lincoln, and many other illustrious Americans; the original Star-Spangled Banner; the great series of costumes, particularly those of the wives of the Presidents; and many other objects of pride to our Nation, which should be dis- played in proper form for the thousands of visitors who come annually to Washington. COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections of the National Museum during the fiscal year amounted to 157,870 individual specimens, a number con- siderably less than that of the last few years but one that must be considered-normal, sinee-im prévious:accounts there had: been includéd’ large private collections coming as gifts or extended series of speci- mens. from prolonged leetiat: in the field. Materials of vari- ous kinds received for examination and report amounted to 12,060 lots. Gifts of duplicate materials to schools and other educational organizations included 6,299 specimens, while exchanges of duplicate materials with other institutions and with individuals amounted to 11,621 specimens, for which there were received in return material needed for our collections. Loans to scientific workers outside of Washington totaled 36,639 specimens. Following is a digest of the more important accessions for the year in the various departments and divisions of the Museum: Anthropology.—A plaster cast of the famous bison carved in clay by Upper Paleolithic sculptors from the cave of Tuc d’Audoubert, Ariége, France, was obtained through arrangements made by J. Townsend Russell, and purchased and presented by the Old World 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 archeology fund administered by the Smithsonian Institution. There came also a valuable collection of stone artifacts of Aurignacian age from three localities in the French Pyrenees collected by Mr. Russell as field director, under the Smithsonian Institution, of the Franco-American Union for Prehistoric Research in France.. There were further collections of artifacts from several prehistoric sites in Europe and North Africa presented by Mr. Russell from his own collections.. In Alaska Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka collected on Kodiak Island a series of stone, bone, and wooden implements of a type not previously known, and from the region about Bristol Bay and from Kodiak Island an important series of human skeletons. M. W. Stir- ling forwarded a large collection of costumes and implements from the Indians of Panama, with additional materials from northwestern South Africa. From Nigeria and the Gold Coast of Africa, C. C. Roberts sent further collections of native materials, including pot- tery, textiles, brass castings, and many other objects.. Through, Mrs. Charles D. Walcott there were obtained from Hawaii several ancient poi bowls cut from wood, which are new to the Museum’s collections. - Biology.—An. interesting collection of birds, mammals, reptiles, and plants was obtained by Mrs. L. O. Sordahl while at the solar observatory of the Smithsonian Institution on Mount Brukkaros in Southwest Africa. This arid region is one that has been little vis- ited by naturalists and one from which the National Museum has had little material previously. Dr. Hugh M. Smith, fisheries adviser to the Government of Siam, forwarded further collections of birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, and mollusks, so that the series from Siam is of steadily growing importance. W. G. Sheldon and Richard Borden presented an important collection of mammals made in Brit- ish Columbia from. regions which have not previously been repre- sented in the Museum. These gentlemen: are continuing werk in-that. area during the coming year, and further material may be expected. The division of birds obtained 23 genera and 340 forms new to its collections, a considerable number:coming from Africa through funds supplied by. the late Marcus Daly. A huge specimen of the ocean. sunfish estimated to weigh about 1,200:pounds, captured in nets of the Bayhead Fisheries (Inc.), off the coast of New Jersey, was presented through the Edward'C. Worden Laboratory of Millburn, N.J. Additions to the collections of plants have included important series from South America collected by E. G. Holt along the Bra- zilian-Venezuelan frontier, presented by the National Geographic Society, and further collections from eastern Peru mecsi atl as a yeas from G. Klug, of Iquitos, Peru: . Geology. —Through the income of the Roebling fund of ene Smith. sonian Institution there were secured a number of valuable acces- sions, among them a nugget of gold weighing 81 ounces troy from REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19 Plumas County, Calif.; an example of leaf gold; specimens of rare uranium minerals; and two flawless crystals-of aquamarine. To the Canfield Collection there were added large exhibition slabs of crystal dolomite, on which there are crystals of other interesting minerals, and a large mass of smithsonite from New Mexico. Under the Chamberlain fund there have been obtained a number of interesting specimens of coral, illustrating its use as gem material. Additions to the Isaac Lea collection include a carved vase of Siberian mala- chite, and some fine opals from Mexico. Through field investigations financed by the erin Institu- tion there were obtained important collections of fossils, particularly of mammals. Mr, Gilmore collected a considerable part of a large ereodont, three partial skeletons of Coryphodon, fossil turtles, several skulls of a primitive alligator (Allognathosuchus) and some remains of the giant flightless bird Dzatryma. N.H. Boss collected a series of fossil horse bones from the quarry near Hagerman, Idaho, that included 32 skulls and 4 partly articulated skeletons, adding measurably to our series of the Pliocene horse Plesippus shoshonensis. The United States Geological Survey transferred several sets of rocks and ores and valuable collections of fossil plants. The fourth shipment of the private collection of Dr. A. Foerste, numbering about 10,000 specimens, came during the year as a gift. Through the Springer fund there were obtained some excellently preserved echinoids from the Cretaceous deposits of Texas, and several slabs of slate from the Devonian of Germany carrying ae pone of crinoids preserved i in pyrite. - Arts and Industries—In the Division of Sanheaice a full- size model of a soft-coal mine was under construction, for itech several companies contributed: materials such as safety jaar eviwiried: halts mine cars, and mine timbers, that will make a most attractive exhibit when assembled. The section of aeronautics received from the Auto- giro Co..of America the first autogiro to fly in this country—an invention of Juan de la Cierva. This interesting machine was flown to Washington by James Ray, vice president of the Autogiro Co. of. America, and was landed in a narrow space on the lawn in front of the Arts and Industries Building, where it was formally pre- sented for the Museum. The Packard Motor Car Co. presented ‘to the National Aircraft Collection the original Packard-Diesel aircraft engine. For the collection illustrating the development of land transportation there. was received an sles brougham.of about the year 1900, a gift from Mrs. Herbert Wadsworth. .For ihe collection showing. the deyelopment of time Remiaer fe oi of Frederick, Md., presented. a tower-clock movement made about 1791 that was continuously in use as the town clock until a few years ago. 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 From Mrs. Daniel Gardner the Division of Textiles received a notable series of specimens illustrating the textile art and related subjects of the early nineteenth century. These included hand- woven blankets, bed linens made from hand-spun yarns, Paisley and India shawls, coverlets, and baskets. Through exchange with Yale University, School of Forestry, the wood collections received a set of 116 Liberian woods collected where extensive forests were being cleared for rubber planting. History—The division of history obtained as its outstanding addition a series of 71 paintings by the late J. L. Gerome Ferris, presented by Mrs. Ferris, the set representing the life work of this well-known American artist. The pictures illustrate notable events in American history from the time of the discovery to the World War; a number deal with the career of George Washington. The personnel of the Eighty-first Division, A. E. F., presented a portrait of Maj. Gen. Charles J. Bailey, painted by Joseph Cummings Chase. The Chase Collection of A. E. F. portraits in the National Museum now includes 48 paintings. For the antiquarian collections Mrs. Eleanore Daughaday Hertle, through her husband, Louis Hertle, gave a topaz necklace presented to Mrs. James Monroe by her hus- band, James Monroe, when he was United States minister to France. Through the Joint Committee on the Library the Congress of the United States loaned to the National Museum the Washington me- morial window, a stained-glass panel by Maria Herndl representing George Washington on horseback conferring with Lafayette and Von Steuben. A large collection of chinaware, glassware, silverware, and other household objects of the early part of the nineteenth cen- tury was presented by Mrs. Daniel Gardner. The collection of military uniforms of the World War period was augmented by a series of military uniforms and equipment of the type‘ used-by the-enlisted: men: of the Portuguese «Army: contributed. by the Government of Portugal through its minister in Washington. The American Numismatic Society continued its additions to its large and interesting loan collection of coins. The philatelic collec- tion received more than 4,000 specimens by transfer from the United States Post Office Department—chiefly sets of new issues distributed by the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union. MEETINGS AND RECEPTIONS The lecture rooms and auditorium were used during the past year for 118 meetings, covering the usual wide range of activities. Full report on these will be found in the report of the United States -- National: Museum, separately published. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21 CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS Following renovation of the Aircraft Building as a safeguard against fire, the collections in aeronautics were rearranged and the building was opened once more to the public. In the Arts and Industries Building a new case was constructed for the Star- Spangled Banner, the case being one of the largest in the Museum, displaying the entire design of this important flag. The new instal- lation has proved most attractive, making this historic emblem one of the dominating features of the north hall, where it shows to great advantage. The naval collection shown formerly in the rotunda of the Natural History Building was transferred in the late winter and early spring to the northwest court of the Arts and Industries Build- ing, this move bringing all of the historical collections together. As another major feature in connection with the historical series, the Ferris collection of paintings was installed in specially built alcoves along the south side of the costumes hall. Here they make. a most attractive display with specially arranged lighting. The paintings have been placed behind glass for protection. The historical relics concerning George Washington were all as- -sembled in the north hall, where they are shown more conveniently and attractively for visitors during the Bicentennial celebration. For the period of the Bicentennial a special exhibition, principally of statuary, was installed in the National Gallery of Art, with exten- sion into the rotunda of the Natural History Building. The greater part of the foyer was allotted also for a temporary exhibit of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission dealing with the development of the city of aching. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Investigations in the field have included researches concerned with man, with fossil creatures of many kinds, and with various phases of living animal and plant life. The work has been carried on mainly through grants from the Smithsonian Institution, assisted by contri- butions from individuals, while certain projects were financed through the income of special funds under jurisdiction of the Smith- sonian. A brief account of field work for the present year follows. Through the financial assistance of Dr. W. L. Abbott, long a friend of the Smithsonian Institution, Herbert W. Krieger, curator of eth- nology, carried on archeological investigations in Cuba in continua- tion of work of a similar nature that he has pursued for several years in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. His investigations covered a variety of sites between Camaguey and the extreme western end of 22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 the island, with additional studies on the Isle of Pines. The collec- tions from these investigations have been considerable; they indicate important evidence in the correlation and asiabaten of the See historic human cultures of the West Indian area. Mr. Krieger was also occupied at various times in exploring Indian village sites in the lower Potomac area not far from Wash- ington. In the course of this work he has prepared a map showing the location of known sites and has attempted to correlate data re- covered with descriptions of such sites in the works of Captain John Smith and others. The work, when completed, will result in im- portant information, as except for the writings of Smith and Raleigh we have practically nothing in the nature of a historical description of the Indians of tidewater Virginia and of the Carolinas. Archeological work in northern Alaska was carried on during the summer by James A. Ford and Moreau B. Chambers under the general direction of H. B. Collins, jr., who has been working in this area for several years. Mr. Chambers excavated for three months at Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, where during the summer of 1930 Mr. Collins had found an unbroken sequence of Eskimo occupation extending from an early phase of the old Bering Sea culture to the present time. Mr. Chambers’s work added to ‘the completeness of this chronological record, bringing especially further evidence of the transitional phase between the old Bering Sea and the Punuk periods. Mr. Ford proceeded to Point Barrow, but ice conditions in the Arctic were the worst in many years, so that he did not arrive until late in August, when the ground was beginning to freeze. Arrange- ments were therefore made for him to stay at Barrow over the winter in order to get in a full season of excavation in 1932. During the winter he was occupied in various studies pertaining to the modern Eskimo. Neil M. Judd, curator of archeology, was engaged in an archeologi- cal reconnaissance on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Ariz., on behalf of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Several caves near Arsenic Spring, on the southwest slopes of the Nantac Plateau, shel- tered small pueblo ruins whose associated pottery fragments suggest occupancy in the thirteenth century or later. F. M. Setzler, assistant curator of archeology, continued work in the Big Bend region of southern Texas, an area heretofore unknown archeologically that is thought to conceal important information relative to prehistoric contacts between the tribes of northeastern Mexico and those of the lower Mississippi Valley. Materially aided by the staff of the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, at Alpine, Mr. Setzler centered his recent explorations in the Chisos Mountains district, overlooking the Rio Grande. A number of important caves in this REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 23 region were investigated and various other examinations were made that correlate with results obtained last year in Presidio County to the west. . During the past year the cooperative agreement between the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Toulouse for the ex- cavation of prehistoric sites in France, arranged by J. Townsend Russell, collaborator in Old World archeology, as representative of the Smithsonian Institution, became formally effective. In July, 1981, as field director of the Smithsonian Institution-University of Toulouse researches in prehistory, financed by the Institution from the Old World archeology fund, Mr. Russell initiated excavations in the cave of Marsoulas, in the commune of the same name, Depart- ment of Haute-Garonne, southern France. Count Henri Begouen, professor of prehistory at the University of Toulouse, participated in the investigations as representative of the university. Exploratory soundings were also made in the near-by cave of Tarte, in the cave of Roquecourbere, one of the two sites of Solutrean age in the Pyrenees, and in the workshop of Roquecourbere. In consequence of this preliminary work a formal agreement was signed on Novem- ber 27 for cooperative work between the University of Toulouse and the Smithsonian Institution in the-same general region during a period of 10 years. It is a privilege to be able thus to join with the University of Toulouse in researches which should contribute new information to our present knowledge of Paleolithic man. While the cooperative agreement provides that the rarest objects remain in France, the generosity of the University of Toulouse is apparent from the fact that it retained only two of the, specimens found during the pre- liminary work of the season of 1931. Thus it is to be expected that respresentative series of artifacts will come to help fill the very considerable gaps in the National Museum’s limited exhibits of European prehistory. At the opening of the fiscal year Dr. AleS Hrdlitka, curator of physical anthropology, was engaged in anthropological and archeo- logical investigations in Alaska that included the lower Nushagak River, Bristol Bay, the Iliamna Lake regions, portions of Kodiak Island and adjacent areas. Interesting results were obtained throughout, with especially important materials coming from Kodiak Island, where there was found abundant evidence of a culture that shows evidence of considerable age. This shows interesting relationships on one hand to the Eskimo and on the other to the Northwest coast area. In May, 1932, Doctor Hrdlitka returned to Alaska on his fifth expedition to that interesting area, centering his efforts this year on the Kodiak Island deposits discovered at the close of the season last year. Through the interest of Mrs. Charles 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 D. Walcott he was provided with a small motorboat for use in the bays about the coast of the island. Dr. Walter Hough, head curator of the department of anthro- pology, examined the archeological field opened up by Dr. Byron Cummings around Tucson, Ariz., where huge adobe walled ruins are being excavated. Work abroad in the interests of the Springer Collection, again undertaken by Dr. R. S. Bassler, head curator of the Department of Geology, embraced a study of the crinoid collections of various museums, particularly in England, Austria, and Hungary, and ex- plorations in certain of the classic geologic areas of these countries. The entire trip was very successful and resulted in many casts of fossil echinoderm types, particularly Silurian crinoids hitherto wanting in the collections. Dr. W. F. Foshag, curator of mineralogy and petrology, engaged in explorations in the States of Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Queretaro, Mexico, under the auspices of the Roebling fund of the Smithsonian Institution. Complete series of the rocks and ores of the districts visited were collected, resulting in many important. additions to the Roebling Collection in the National Museum. James Benn, junior aid in the Department of Geology, made cer- tain collections in southern New York and northern New Jersey. Of particular interest are fine examples of fluorescent minerals ob- tained at Franklin Furnace, N. J. Late in the year E. P. Henderson, assistant curator of physical and chemical geology, traveling under the Canfield fund of the Smithsonian Institution, was detailed to collect in Montana, Utah, and Colorado, with certain needs of the collections as his objective. He was accompanied by F. A. Gonyer, representing the mineralogical department of Harvard University. For the advancement of his work on the Cambrian, Dr. Charles E. Resser, curator of stratigraphic paleontology, spent four months in a study of early Paleozoic fossils in European museums and in con- sultation with geologists concerning the local stratigraphy of the neighboring areas. His work began in Norway and Sweden and extended to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Germany, and England. His major objectives were attained to a greater degree than expected, and in addition much new material was secured for the Museum by exchange arrangements. Dr. G. A. Cooper, assistant curator of stratigraphic paleontology, collected during his vacation, at his own expense, in classical De- vonian localities in New York State. At the close of his work he presented to the Museum more than 2,500 specimens. The field explorations of C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate paleontology, covering the Miocene and Oligocene formations of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25 southwestern Montana, and the Wasatch of the Bighorn Basin, Wyo., met with gratifying success. The material collected will fill long- existing gaps in the collections, and it is anticipated that study will reveal many undescribed forms. Excavations were continued in the fossil-horse quarry near Hager- man, Idaho, under the direction of Norman H. Boss, chief preparator in the division of vertebrate paleontology, resulting in the recovery of 4 more or less complete articulated skeletons, 32 skulls, 48 jaws, and a vast assemblage of skeletal parts. The Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship under the Smithsonian Institution has been awarded for the current period to Alan Mozley for study of the land and fresh-water molluscan fauna of Siberia. Mr. Mozley left for the field in the spring of 1932 and proceeded to Tomsk, Siberia, where he intends to establish head- quarters for this year’s exploration. Mr. Mozley reports that he will make an expedition to the mouth of the River Ket, and later, after returning to Tomsk, will make an excursion south into the Akhmo- linsk Steppe. He reports cordial cooperation of the local authorities and scientific institutions. Dr. J. M. Aldrich, curator of insects, collected Diptera in the Gaspé Peninsula of eastern Quebec. He obtained a large collection of flies, establishing the fact that a large number of southern species have a much wider distribution northwards than has hitherto been sup- posed, though the lower St. Lawrence River appears to form a sufli- cient barrier against the spread of the northern flies southward, as no striking forms of the Labrador fauna were found. Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, with financial assistance from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, again visited the Florida Keys to examine the Cerion colonies planted during previ- ous years to determine the effect on these mollusks of changes in environment, as well as of hybridization, a work in which the Smith- sonian Institution and the Carnegie Institution have cooperated since 1912. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., curator of mammals, traveling at his own ex- pense, with some assistance from the Smithsonian for the hire of labor, visited Puerto Rico during March and April with the main object of continuing his studies of the recently extinct mammal fauna of the Greater Antilles. Important localities were investi- gated and many specimens were obtained representing mammals, reptiles, batrachians, plants, and aboriginal artifacts. Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, curator of marine invertebrates, with the cooperation of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, continued a survey of the carcinological fauna of the Tortugas region at the Carnegie Marine Laboratory at Tortugas. 144136—32——3, 26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Dr. Hugh M. Smith, in Siam, continued explorations throughout the year, sending to the National Museum large collections of ver- tebrates and mollusks which have been found to include numerous forms new to science. Thanks to Doctor Smith, the Museum is assembling a most excellent representation of the life of a region from which it had previously possessed little material. W. G. Sheldon and Richard Borden, interested particularly in mammals, arranged a 3-month trip at their own expense into north- eastern British Columbia, where they secured for the Museum a considerable collection that contains many forms of especial interest. The principal objective was to obtain specimens of a peculiar form of mountain sheep and as representative a series of other mammals as possible, in which the collectors were highly successful. The col- lections, including certain birds as well as mammals, have been pre- sented to the National Museum. Thanks are due the Canadian Gov- ernment for the necessary permits covering the taking of scientific specimens. Dr. A. Wetmore, assistant secretary, visited the Bear River marshes at the northern end of Great Salt Lake, Utah, where he obtained various specimens of birds required in the Museum series. The region is one famous for its waterfowl, being now in large part included in a Federal refuge, and is an area from which the Museum has extensive collections. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT The erection of the steel galleries in the Natural History Build- ing for the mammal collections was completed at the end of August. A pneumatic collecting and conveying system for removing sawdust from the two woodworking rooms in the carpenter shop was in- stalled, an important improvement long needed. The power plant was in operation from October 5, 1931, until May 27, 1932. The consumption of coal during the year was 3,220.4 tons, at an average cost per ton of $5.03. The total electric current pro- duced amounted to 628,578 kilowatt-hours, at a cost of 1.65 cents a kilowatt-hour. The ice plant manufactured 424.2 tons of ice at an average cost of. $2.36 a ton. MISCELLANEOUS The exhibition halls of the National Museum were open during the year on week days from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. and on Sundays from 1.30 p. m. to 4.30 p. m., with the exception of the Aircraft Building, which was open only on week days. All buildings remained closed during the day on Christmas and on New Year’s. Visitors for the year totaled 1,630,030, a decrease of 39,110 from the record of the preceding year, this difference being due partly to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 2. the fact that the Aircraft Building was closed on Sundays. Attend- ance in the several buildings was recorded as follows: Smithsonian Institution, 241,844; Arts and Industries Building, 675,485; Natural _ History Building, 600,535; Aircraft Building, 112,216. The average daily attendance for week days was 4,237 and for Sunday 5,927. During the year the Museum published 10 volumes and 57 separate papers, while the distribution of volumes and separates to libraries and individuals aggregated 101,975 copies. In addition, 18,805 copies of publications issued during this and previous years were supplied in response to special requests. In the Department of Arts and Industries the divisions of mineral and mechanical technology were consolidated on July 18, 1931, as a division of engineering, under Carl W. Mitman as curator. Dr. T. Dale Stewart was appointed assistant curator of the division of physical anthropology on July 1, 1931, and Horace G. Richards, who served as senior scientific aid in the division of mollusks from Oc- tober 5, 1931, was given appointment on March 16, 1932, as assistant curator of the division. Dr. Charles L. Gazin on March 1, 1932, suc- ceeded the late Dr. James W. Gidley as assistant curator in the divi- sion of vertebrate paleontology, and Joseph H. Riley on June 24, 1932, succeeded the late Dr. Charles W. Richmond as associate cura- tor in the Division of Birds. Dr. C. W. Stiles was given the honor- ary designation of associate in zoology under the Smithsonian Insti- tution October 1, 1931, and Dr. Maurice C. Hall was appointed to the custodianship of the helminthological collections from the same date. Dr. D. C. Graham’s association with the Museum was recognized by his appointment on October 19, 1931, as collaborator in biology, an honorary title which was also extended at the same time to Dr. A. K. Fisher. Dr. C. Dwight Marsh was appointed custodian of fresh- water copepods in the division of marine invertebrates on July 10, 1931, and J. Townsend Russell’s honorary appointment as collabora- tor in Old World archeology was extended for one year from May 13, 1932. The following employees left the service through operation of the retirement act: Charles S. Atkins, laborer; Frederick W. Wilson, guard; Evan D. Lewis, guard; and Miss K. A. Gallaher, under library assistant. Further, under compulsory retirement for age provided as an economy measure in the legislative appropriation act for 1933, 12 employees went off the rolls at the close of the fiscal year, several having served the Museum long in positions of trust and authority. The list follows: William de C. Ravenel, adminis- trative assistant to the secretary, with 48 years of service; Barton A. Bean, assistant curator of fishes, with 51 years of service; James G. Trayler, appointment clerk, with 50 years of service; Harry C. Taylor, chief of the paint shop, with 44 years of service; Andrew 28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Lee Young, assistant to the engineer, with 41 years of service; Richard A. Allen, senior scientific aid in the department of anthro- pology, with 35 years of service; Carl A. Carlsson and Lewis Jones, guards; William Jones, under mechanic, with 23 years of service; and Charles S. Washington, Albert Strong, and James S. Peyton, laborers, with 36, 28, and 15 years, respectively. Through death the Museum lost five workers from its active roll, as follows: Dr. Charles W. Richmond, associate curator of birds, May 19, 1932; Dr. James W. Gidley, assistant curator of mammalian fossils, September 26, 1931; William S. Frazee, guard, March 15, 1932; Michael A. Coleman, guard, May 17, 1932; Mrs. Theresa Dim- mick, forewoman of charwomen, on October 18, 1931. From its honorary list of workers the Museum lost by death Dr. David Starr Jordan, associate in zoology, on September 19, 1931, and Dr. C. Dwight Marsh, custodian of fresh-water copepods, on April 23, 1932. The Museum lost a benefactor of note by the death of Rudolf Eickemeyer, of Yonkers, N. Y., on April 24, 1932. A few years ago Mr. Eickemeyer presented the Museum with his unique collection of pictorial photographs and historical specimens relating to photography, and by his will established a trust fund of $10,000, the income of which after the death of his widow is to be used for maintenance and collection in the section of photography. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary. Dr. C. G. Apsor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the opera- tions of the National Gallery of Art for the fiscal year ending June 380, 1932. The year has not been marked by any event of unusual importance or by the addition of art collections of exceptional value. The most noteworthy event of the year was the assignment of certain portions of the gallery space to the George Washington Bicentennial Com- mission for its exhibits of art works during 1932. Certain radical changes in the exhibition spaces were required; and since the gallery occupies the north hall of the National Museum, all changes made were directed by the officers of the Museum. During the year much progress has been made toward the com- pletion of the gallery card catalogues, which are (1) a comprehensive general catalogue of the art works of the Institution, not, however, including the Freer collection; (2) a portrait catalogue (275 num- bers); (3) a catalogue of loans (64 numbers), and (4) a catalogue of the Ranger purchases from the beginning (99 numbers). THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART COMMISSION The eleventh annual meeting of the gallery commission was held at the Smithsonian Institution on December 8, 1931. The members present were Gari Melchers, chairman; Frank J. Mather, jr., vice chairman; W. H. Holmes, secretary; and Charles L. Borie, jr., James E. Fraser, Charles Moore, E. C. Tarbell, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, ex officio. The following officers, whose terms expired automatically on this date, were reelected to serve during the ensuing year: Gari Melchers, chairman; Frank J. Mather, jr., vice chairman; and William H. Holmes, secretary of the commission. The following members were recommended to serve for the succeeding term of four years: James EK. Fraser, Joseph H. Gest, Frank J. Mather, jr., and Edmund C. Tarbell. The death of the following members of the commission was announced: James Parmelee, on April 19, 1931; Daniel Chester French, on October 7, 1931; and W. K. Bixby, on October 29, 1931. Col. George B. McClellan, Thomas Cochran, and Paul Manship were recommended to fill the vacancies thus occa- sioned. (Mr. Cochran declined.) 29 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Favorable report was made on acceptance of the following art works: Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Albert Neuhuys, presented by Frederick Ballard Williams. Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Alphonse Jongers, presented by James B. Fraser. Painting by Emanuel Leutze (1816-1868), the preliminary sketch for his great fresco in the Capitol Building at Washington, known as Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way. Presented to William H. Seward by the artist. Bequest of Miss Sara Carr Upton. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS An exhibition of paintings made in Spain and exhibited in the Salon de Exposiciones del Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno, Madrid, in 1928, as “ Corners in Spain,” the work of Wells M. Sawyer, was held from October 24 to November 30, 1931. It comprised 44 oil paintings and 24 water colors. Cards for the opening view were issued, and a catalogue was supplied by the gallery. An exhibition in honor of the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington, of paintings, sculpture, plans of Washington City, etc., was opened under the auspices of the United States Bicentennial Com- mission and the National Commission of Fine Arts. Participating societies include the National Sculpture Society, National Capital Park and Planning Commission, National Gallery of Art, American Society of Landscape Architects, American City Planning Institute, National Society of Mural Painters, American Academy in Rome, American Institute of Architects, American Federation of Arts, and National Conference on City Planning. Invitations for the open- ing exercises on March 26 were issued by the commission, and a catalogue of exhibits has been made available by the District of Columbia George Washington Bicentennial Commission. The ex- hibition will ciose on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1932. ART WORKS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR Accessions of art works by the Smithsonian Institution, subject to transfer to the National Gallery on approval of the advisory com- mittee of the National Gallery of Art Commission, are as follows: Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Alphonse Jongers, A. N. A., formerly lent by the Council of the National Academy of Design. Gift of James Earle Fraser, New York, N. Y. (Accepted by the commission December 8, 1931.) Portrait of Maj. Gen. Henry Tureman Allen, United States Army, and portrait of Gen. Robert Lee Bullard, LL. D., United States Army, by Seymour Stone. Gift of Chester D. Pugsley, Peekskill, 1 Bae REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 31 Portrait of Rear Adm. Richard Evelyn Byrd, United States Navy (ret.), by Seymour Stone. Gift of the artist. Two water-color paintings of British India: Peshawar City from the Fort, and Street in Ajmor, by William Spencer Bagdatopoulos. Gift of the artist. Portrait of Dr. William H. Holmes, by E. Hodgson Smart. Gift of the artist. John Gellatly added three framed photographs to the contents of the portfolio of the Gellatly Collection—one of himself, one of a portrait bust of himself by Serge Youriévitch, and one of the royal coat of arms of Scotland. The latter bears the label: The great Scotch authority decided that the Gellatly family’s ancestor was the Scotch King William the Lion who reigned as Kinz of Scotland from the year 1165 to the year 1214, and as Royal blood flows through the Gellatly veins they are entitled to use as their own the Royal armorial arms of Scotland. Portrait (full length) of John Gellatly, by Irving R. Wiles, N. A. Gift of the artist to the Smithsonian Institution “for association with the Gellatly Collection.” Deposited by the Smithsonian Insti- tution. LOANS ACCEPTED BY THE GALLERY A painting by George DeForest Brush, N. A., entitled “Indian Burial ”; lent by Mrs. George DeForest Brush. Marble bust of Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, and plaster bust of Gen. John J. Pershing, by Moses W. Dykaar; lent by the sculptor. Plaster bust of Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (1792-1822), by William Ordway Partridge (1861-1930); lent by Mrs. William _ Ordway Partridge. Framed miniature of A Lady, by Alta E. Wilmot, as a good ex- ample of American miniature painting of the present time; lent by the artist. Portrait of Gen. John J. Pershing, United States Army, and por- trait of Adm. Wilham §S. Sims, United States Navy, by E. Hodg- son Smart; lent by the artist. Portrait of Mrs. Charles Eames, by S. Gambardella; lent for the summer by Mrs. A. Gordon-Cumming. DISTRIBUTIONS Portrait of George Washington, by Rembrandt Peale, property of Hon. Charles S. Hamlin; withdrawn by the owner. Portrait of Alexander Hamilton, by John Trumbull, and portrait of Fisher Ames, by Gilbert Stuart; withdrawn by their owner, Henry Cabot Lodge, jr. 32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Bust in plaster of Calvin Coolidge, by Moses W. Dykaar, a gift of the sculptor to the gallery, and a similar bust of Gen. John J. Pershing, lent by the sculptor, were withdrawn by Mr. Dykaar for further work. The marble bust of Hon. Nicholas Longworth was delivered to the custody of the United States Capitol. Portrait of George Washington, by Charles Willson Peale, the property of John §. Beck, Washington, D. C., and portrait of Dr. William Shippen, by Gilbert Stuart, the property of Dr. L. P. Shippen, Washington, D. C., were temporarily withdrawn by the owners for the Bicentennial exhibition of portraits of George Wash- ington and his associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. It is expected that these will be returned to the gallery after the close of the celebration, November 24, 1932. The original working model in plaster of the bronze equestrian statue of Lafayette erected in the Square of the Louvre by the school children of the United States in 1901, a gift to the gallery from the sculptor, Paul Wayland Bartlett, N. A. (1865-1925), was lent to Mrs. Bartlett for a special exhibition of her husband’s works to be held at the American Academy of Letters, New York City, opening Novem- ber 12, 1931, to be returned about May 1, 1932. The statue has not yet been returned to the gallery. Four portraits—Adm. Holdup Stevens, 2d, by Robert Hinckley, and Mrs. Stevens, his wife, artist unknown; Mrs. John Bliss, artist unknown; and Hon. Eben Sage, by Chester Harding—were with- drawn by the lender, Mrs. Frederick C. Hicks, Washington, D. C. Portrait of George Washington; withdrawn by the owner, William Patten, Rhinebeck, N. Y. Five paintings—Madonna and Child, by Albertinelli; Portrait of Christ, by Georgioni; The Doctor’s Visit, by Jan Steen; Baptism of Christ, by Tiepolo; and Small Landscape, by Gainsborough—were withdrawn from her collection by Mrs. Marshall Langhorne in November, 1931. The Entombment, by Van der Weyden, has also been withdrawn by Mrs. Langhorne to be restored and varnished. A water-color painting, Dogwood Blossoms, by Elizabeth Muhl- hofer; withdrawn by Miss Muhlhofer. Portrait of Mrs. Charles Eames, by Gambardella, lent for the summer by Mrs. A. Gordon-Cumming, was withdrawn in the autumn. THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND PURCHASES The paintings purchased during the year by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, which under certain conditions are prospec- tive additions to the National Gallery collections, are as follows, including the names of the institutions to which they have been assigned : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 393 Date of Title rtist purchase Assignment 1931 85. Woman in Cloak___| Robert Henri, N, A__-_-_.._ December_..| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 86. In My Studio__.--_- Leopold Seyffert, N. A_.__|_---- do_.....| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 87. Eagle Lake----.-_-- Jonas Lie, N; A_----------}----- Goyacees Iowa Memorial Union, State Uni- versity of lowa, Iowa City, Iowa. 88. Frances....---------- Frederick Karl Frieseke, |_--__ do._-_-- Washington County Museum of N.A. Fine Arts, Hagesrtown, Md. 89 The Black Cloud__-| Eugene Higgins, N. A---_|_---- Glossy ee A. A, Anderson Gallery of Art, Col- lege of William and Mary, Rich- mond, Va. 1932 90. Summer-.___----__- W. L. Lathrop, N. A_--_-- January__--_- The Dudley Peter Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, f Oberlin, Ohio. 91. Joseph Pennell____-- Wayman Adams, N. A_-_-_|_--.. doe saeaee Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. 92. The Fall Season____-| Bruce Crane, N. A_.------|----- doses University of Nebraska, School of Fine Arts, Lincoln, Nebr. 93. Street Shrine_-_-____ | Jerome Myers, N. A_.----]----_ do.---.- Museum of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 94, Fishermen--_-------- Eric Hudson, A. N. A_-_-|_---. do_-----| Topeka High School, Topeka, Kans. 95, Nancy (palette- |} Geo. DeForest Brush, N. | February--_| California Palace of the Legion of knife sketch). A. Honor, San Francisco, Calif. 96. New Year Shooter_-| George Luks__-------_---- dsrjoyell ee a Gallery of Fine Arts, Yale Univer- sity, New Haven, Conn. 97. Snow Fields----_--_- Rockwell Kent___._-..----]----- do_.- -.| The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Minn. 98. Shapes of Fear_____- Maynard Dixon_____-_---_|__-__ do.--..-| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of } Arts and Sciences, 95. Kasterly Coming__-| Charles H. Woodbury, | June_-______ Society of Liberal Arts, Joslyn Me- N.A. morial, Omaha, Nebr. PUBLICATIONS Hotmes, W. H. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1931. Appendix 2, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution for the year ending June 30, 1931, pp. 43-53. Lover. J. EH. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1931. Appendix 8, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1931, pp. 54—59. Catalogue of paintings made in Spain and exhibited in the Salon de Exposi- ciones del Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno, as “ Corners in Spain,” the work of Wells M. Sawyer, on view in the National Gallery of Art, United States National Museum Building, October 24 to November 30, 1931. Pp. 1-9. George Washington Bicentennial Exhibition of Commemorative Paintings, Sculpture, and the Plan of Washington, at the National Gallery of Art, Con- stitution Avenue at Tenth Street, Washington, D. C., March 26 to November 24, 1932. Prepared at the request of the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission by the National Commission of Fine Arts. This catalogue is being made available by the District of Columbia George Wash- ington Bicentennial Commission. Pp. 1-27. The George Washington Bicentennial Frieze. Painted by a group of members of the National Society of Mural Painters to commemorate the two hun- dredth anniversary of the birth of George Washington, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C., 19382. Pp. 1-14. Respectfully submitted. ‘ W. H. Hormes, Director. Dr. C. G. Axszort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 3 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit the twelfth annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1982: THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows: BOOKBINDING 31.80. Persian, 16th century. Painted lacquer binding of the volume Khusraw ai-Shirin, by Nizami. (See below under Manuscripts, 31.29, and Paint- ings, 31.31-81.37.) BRONZE 32.13. Chinese, 3d century B. C. (?) Ch‘in dynasty (?). A ceremonial food vessel with three ducks on the cover; the body has two annular handles and is ornamented with two horizontal bands of interlacing scroll design in delicate relief. Areas of green, blue, and red patination. 32.14. Chinese, Han dynasty (3d c. B. C.8d ec. A. D.). Fire-gilt dragon head: A terminal ornament for a chariot pole. Areas of green patination. 82.15-32.16. Chinese, Han dynasty. Two chocks, possibly chariot fittings, orna- mented with a formal design inlaid in gold and silver. CERAMICS. 81.18. Chinese, 12th-13th century. Sung dynasty. Tz‘t-chou type. A tall, wide-lipped flask, glazed in cream-white, and ornamented with a wide band of carved floral design. 82.23. Persian, 12th-13th century. Rhages. Spouted pitcher with a bird in high relief on the handle. Ornamented with a band of figures of men and animals, in slight relief, showing traces of color and gold. JADE 31.19. Chinese, Han dynasty. Oval cup, white, with flanged rim. The outer surface ornamented with a “rice-grain” pattern, the inner with deli- cate linear designs. The flanges are pierced. MANUSCRIPTS 81.24. Arabic (Hgypt), 14th century. Illuminated title leaf from a Qur‘an. Paper. 31.29. Persian, -15th century. A bound book, Khusraw wu-Shirin, by Nizami. Painted lacquer binding (see above under Bookbinding, 31.30), illumi- nated title leaf and six miniatures. (See below under Paintings, 31.31-31.37. ) 34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35 32.1-32.2. Arabic (Hgypt), 14th-15th century. First two leaves from a Qur‘an; 32.3. 32.17. 32.18. 32.24. 81.20. 31.21. 31.22. 31.23. 31.25. 31.26. 31.27. 31.28. 31.31. 31.32. 31.33. 31.34. 31.35. 31.36. 31.37. 32.4. 32.5. 32.6. 32.7. 32.8. gold and blue illuminations on paper. Persian, early 16th century. A bound book, Mihr-ud-Mushtari, by ’Assar of Tabriz; dated to correspond with A. D. 1522. WUluminated first leaf and four miniatures. (See below under Paintings, 32.4-32.8.) Arabic (Egypt), 16th century. The Qur‘dn, in one volume. Text in black naskhi; richly illuminated; paper, untrimmed. Armenian, 11th century. The Four Gospels in one volume (18th—19th century binding). Parchment leayes. Text in vertical uncials, black and golden; Ammonian sections in sloping uncials, golden. Illumi- nated title pages, initials, and paragraphs, and 163 miniature paintings. Color and gold. Indian, 15th century, Gujarati. An illuminated scroll: Vasanta Vilasa, a poem on spring. ‘Text in red, black, blue, and yellow; 79 miniatures. Color on cotton. PAINTINGS Indian, Mughal, 17th century. School of Jahangir. An album leaf: Darbar of Jahangir. Color and gold on paper. Persian, 14th century, Mongol period. Leaf from a Shahnamanh: Siya- wush taken prisoner by Afrasiyab. Color and gold on paper. Persian, 15th century. Two leaves from a Laila u-Majnin: The battle between the Arab chief Noufal and the tribe of Laila; Majnun visited in the wilderness by the sheikh Salim. Color and gold on paper. Indian, late 16th century. School of Akbar. Four leaves from the orig- inal MS. of the Tarikh-i-Aljft (Chronicle of a thousand years) : The capture of Baghdad by Tahir ; The Imam of Baghdad brought before the Caliph on a charge of heresy, attributed to Basawan; A banquet given by the Caliph al-Mutawakkil, by Tiriyya and BSD are Muwayyad put to death in the ice. Color and gold on paper. Persian, 17th century. Leaf from a Khusraw u-Shirin, by Nizami (see above under Manuscripts, 31.29). An interpolated painting of a later date than the book, a Shi‘a subject showing the Prophet and ’Ali with twelve companions. Color and gold on paper. Persian, 15th century. Six leaves from a Khusraw u-Shirin, by Nizaimi (see above under Manuscripts, 31.29) : Khusraw catches sight of Shirin bathing in a pool; A hunting scene; The sculptor Farhad brought by Shapur into the presence of Shirin; Shirin makes a visit to Farhad at work; Khusraw returns to the castle of Shirin; An illuminated frontispiece and head piece. Color and gold on paper. Persian, early 16th century. Five leaves from a Mihr a-Mushtari, by ’Assar of Tabriz. (See above under Manuscripts, 32.3) : An illuminated frontispiece ; Prince Mihr and his friend at school; Mihr slays a lion at one blow; Mihr feasted in a garden by the king of Khwarizm ; The nuptials of Mihr and Nahid. Color and gold on paper. 36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 32.9. Persian, 16th-17th century, Safavid school. By Aqa Riza. Lady with afan. Color and gold on paper. 32.10. Indian, 17th century. Rajput. Pahari, Basohli school. A lady and attendant beside a lotus pool. Color, gold and silver (oxidized) on paper. 32.11. Indian, early 19th century, Rajput. Pahari, Kangra. Dressing the bride. Color and gold on paper. 382.12. Indian, 18th-19th century. Rajput. Pahari, Garhwal. By Mola Ram (1760-1833). Krsna holding the hill Govardhana to protect the people of Brndaban and their cattle from the rain poured down by Indra. Color and gold on paper. 82.19. Arabic (Northern Mesopotamia), middle 14th century. Leaf from a copy after the 13th century treatise on Automata by al-Jazari: part of a water-clock with the figure of a man seated on a balcony, the so-called “Saladin” figure. Color and gold on paper. Arabic, early 18th century. Baghdad school. By Abdallah ibn al-Fadl. Three leaves from an Arabic translation of the pharmacological treatise of Dioscorides: 382.20. Two physicians preparing medicine; 32.21. Two men preparing to sow seed; 82.22. A physician and his assistant under a fruit tree. Color and gold on paper. SILVER-GILT 31.17. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty. A covered cup, ornamented with delicate line engraving. Curatorial work within the collection has been devoted to the com- pletion of a detailed study of a Japanese mandara painting (29.2) ; to a study of the Indian manuscript, Vasanta Vilasa (82.24); to a critical study of the ancient Armenian manuscript of the Four Gos- pels (32.18)—a work still in progress at the time of this report; and to the study and recording of inscriptions on certain Buddhist stone sculptures and of inscriptions and seals on Chinese paintings. In the section of Near Eastern painting, translations of the text on recently acquired Persian manuscripts have been made and recorded, and the subjects of the miniatures identified. Besides these textual studies, the usual work involved in cataloguing new acquisitions in metal, jade, bronze, and painting has occupied members of the staff. The Fenollosa collection of lantern slides of Chinese, Japanese, and other Eastern subjects, numbering approximately 3,000, all without labels, as acquired by Mr. Freer in 1909, has been worked over, sub- jects identified as far as possible, and the slides labeled and stored. These are now available as illustrative material, in addition to the Freer collection slides. During the year 1,155 objects and 399 photographs of objects were submitted to the curator by other institutions or by private persons for expert opinion as to their identity, provenance, or histo- rical or esthetic value. Twenty-six inscriptions were submitted for translation. Reports on these things were made to owners or senders. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37 THE LIBRARY During the year the library has been increased by 254 volumes, 32 unbound periodicals, and 41 pamphlets. In addition, 122 bulletins, reports, and catalogues were received. Since the date of the last report the cataloguing of the brary has been completed. Indexing of foreign periodical publications, includ-— ing bound volumes of Kokka and T‘oung Pao, has been begun. LECTURES Lectures offered to the public during the past year have been as follows: | In November—A series of lectures with lantern slides on The Literary Backgrounds of Islamic Painting in Persia, by Sir E. Deni- son Ross, of the School of Oriental Studies, London— November 21: The Epics. November 23: Timurid Literature. November 25: Safavid Literature. On Friday, January 22, an illustrated lecture on the excavations at the Tell Halaf in northern Syria, entitled “The Wonders of the Tell Halaf,” by the excavator, Dr. Baron Max von Oppenheim. On Tuesday, March 1, an illustrated lecture on The Ancient Art of Siberia, by Dr. Alfred Salmony, director of the Museum fiir Ostasiatische Kunst, Cologne. ATTENDABCE The gallery has been open every day from 9 until 4.30 o’clock, with the exception of Mondays, Christmas Day, and New Year’s Day. The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance was 122,940—week days, 78,247; Sundays, 44,698. This year the average Sunday attendance was more than three times that of an average week day, 859 being the average for Sunday and 251 that for a week day. As before, the highest monthly total attendances were reached in April (14,655) and August (12,653); the lowest attendance was, as usual, in December (6,573). The total lecture attendance was 825, with an average of 165. To- gether with visitors admitted to the offices on Mondays (15), the total attendance at the gallery during the year was 123,780. There were 1,901 visitors to the offices during the year. Of these, 91 came for general information, 268 to see objects in storage, 37 to examine the building and installation, 142 to study in the library, 187 to see the facsimiles of the Washington manuscripts, 35 to get permission to make photographs and sketches, 229 to examine or purchase photographs, 114 to submit objects for examination, 482 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 to see members of the staff. Fifty-four groups, ranging from 1 to 43 persons (total, 168), were given docent service, and 15 groups, ranging from 4 to 19 persons (total, 133), were given instruction in the study rooms. FIELD WORK At the time of this writing a full report of recent archeological work undertaken by the field staff in Shansi Province, China, is being printed by Kelly & Walsh (Ltd.), of Shanghai. It will be printed in both English and Chinese, arranged dos-d-dos, and il- lustrated with numerous plates, line drawings, and plans. A second and more comprehensive report, dealing with all the work accomplished by the field staff since 1922, and especially with the painted pottery sites excavated around Wan Ch‘iian in Shansi, will follow the first. It will include several color plates, as well as the usual illustrative material, and will also be printed in both languages by the same firm. PERSON NEL Since October 28, Y. Kinoshita has been employed as mounter of oriental paintings and is now permanently employed at the gallery. On March 23, 1932, the Freer Gallery suffered a loss in the death of Levin C. Handy, who since June 1, 1922, had done all of the photographic work at the gallery. William Acker, student assistant, having completed his studies at the University of Leyden, is dn his way to Washington where he will be attached to the Freer Gallery for the next several months. Respectfully submitted. J. E. Lopez, Curator. Dr. C. G. Axzor, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 4 REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932, conducted in accordance with the act of Con- gress approved February 23, 1931. The act referred to contains the following item: American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, in- cluding necessary employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustrations, the purchase of books and periodicals, and traveling expenses, $72,640. M. W. Stirling, chief, left New York on September 26, 1931, as a member of the Latin American expedition to South America. The first region visited by the expedition was the San Blas coast of Panama. Here Mr. Stirling spent approximately a month in mak- ing an ethnological survey of the Tule Indians. From Panama the expedition proceeded to Ecuador, where three weeks were spent in investigating archeological sites in the Andean highlands in the vicinity of Cuenca. After crossing the Andes and descending to the frontier post of Mendez, three months were spent among the Jivaro Indians of the Santiago and Maranon Rivers. The expedition crossed the mountains from Mendez to the upper Yaupe River. They then descended the Yaupe to the Santiago, passing down this river to its junction with the Maranon. Much of the time was spent living with the Jivaros in their own houses, where Mr. Stirling was able to record first-hand a considerable quantity of ethnological data. In addition to this a collection was made representing the material culture of the Indians of the region. After a short excursion up the Alto Maranon, the expedition passed through the famous Pongo Manseriche, descending by rafts to Iquitos, from which point the collections were shipped by way of the Amazon River to the National Museum. Mr. Stirling returned to Washington on April 26, 1932. Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, was in the field from November 2 to December 6, 1931, his object being the location of the route fol- lowed by De Soto and Moscoso through Arkansas and Louisiana from 1541 to 1548. He was the guest for a part of this time of Col. John R. Fordyce, of Hot Springs National Park, Ark. More suc- cess was attained in determining the probable course of the Span- 39 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 iards than had been anticipated. While in the field he also collected linguistic material from the Tunica Indians near Marksville, La. There are supposed to be only three individuals who can still use the old tongue. Dr. Swanton devoted a large part of his time to continuing prep- aration of the Handbook of the Southeastern Indians, and a begin- ning has been, made on a bulletin to include the linguistic material of the Coahultecan tongues now extinct. The work of copying the tribal map of the Indians of North America has been practically completed. Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, was at work among the South- ern Cheyenne at the beginning of the fiscal year. The object was to restore phonetically some Cheyenne words previously extracted from Petter’s Dictionary which were clearly Algonquian in origin. Measurements were taken of some 23 subjects, and a good deal of new ethnological information was obtained. Near the middle of July Doctor Michelson left for Tama, Iowa, to obtain some addi- tional material on Fox ceremonials. Early in August he left Iowa and went among the Northern Cheyenne to restore the list of Cheyenne words mentioned above according to Northern Cheyenne phonetics. Incidentally a really representative group of Northern Cheyenne were measured. A statistical study has shown that the vault of the skull is decidedly low as compared with that of most Algonquian peoples and rather resembles the skull of the Dakota Sioux. In June, 1932, Doctor Michelson again left for the field. He succeeded in gaining some important sociological data on the Kiowa and obtained some new facts on Cheyenne linguistics, sociology, and mythology. John P. Harrington, ethnologist, made a thorough study of the Indians of Monterey and San Benito Counties, in central California, and investigated the little known Chingichngich culture of the coast of southern California. Working with the oldest survivors of the Costanoan and Esselen speaking Indians of Monterey and San Benito Counties, Mr. Harrington found it possible by fully utilizing all the early records and vocabularies to illuminate the former life of these people and to define it as clearly as that of some of the better known western groups. The study demonstrated that this culture indicates a key region for central California ethnology, since it proved to be a connecting link between the cultures of northern and southern California. These Indians lived on a wooded mountain- ous coast, the northern breaking down of the great Santa Lucia Range, in a broad interior valley, known in early times as Ja canada del rio de Monterey and now as the Salinas Valley, and in the hilly region between coast and valley, and east of the valley. The region was rich in fish, shellfish, game, and in vegetable foods and medic- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 41 inal herbs. Labor was roughly divided between men and women, the men tending to the animal food and the women to the vegetable. The houses were built of poles and thatch, shaped like a half orange, with smoke hole at the top, and slightly sunk in the ground. The people lived in villages and were governed by the village chief and elders. One or more sweathouses were to be found at each vil- lage. The people hardened themselves to going the year around with little or no clothing in the mild climate, and the dense morning fogs did not keep them from rising at daylight and taking the daily morn- ing plunge. A bride was taken to live at the house of her husband’s people or to a new house built near there. A captain, or even an ordinary man, would sometimes have two or more wives, but monog- amy was the rule. One of the important discoveries is that the people had clans. From July 1 to September 22, 1931, Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr., archeologist, continued excavations at the site 314 miles south of Allantown, Ariz., where work was started in May of the previous fiscal year. The Laboratory of Anthropology of Santa Fe, N. Mex., cooperated in the project through July and August. The summer’s work resulted in the excavation of the subterranean portions of 14 structures. The excavations showed that several of the dwellings had been destroyed by fire. The charred remnants of timbers lying on the floors demonstrated clearly the method of roof construction. The details were so clearly shown in one of the houses that it was restored so that visitors to the site might see what dwellings of that type were like. Two other pits were covered with shed roofs so that they will be preserved for a long time to come. The Douglass method of determination gave dates ranging from 814 to 916 A. D. On February 1 Doctor Roberts left Washington for Yucatan, having been detailed to the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the capacity of consulting archeologist. He spent 10 days at Chichen Itza, during which time he gained much first-hand information con- cerning the character of the ancient Mayan civilizations, and also visited Uxmal, the pyramids at San Juan de Teotihuacan, and sev- eral other important archeological sites in the vicinity of Mexico City. While in Mexico City he had the opportunity of seeing and examining the various objects found at Monte Alban by the expedi- tion under Prof. A. Caso. Doctor Roberts left Washington on May 21 to resume his researches at the site south of Allantown, Ariz. Excavations were commenced on June 2, and by June 30 the remains of two additional pit houses had been cleared of the accumulated débris, and the remains of seven slab-lined storage cists uncovered. In addition 15 burials belonging to the habitation group were found. One of the pit structures uncovered had been destroyed by fire, and — 144136—32——4 . 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 the charred timbers furnished one of the earliest building dates thus far obtained in the Southwest, namely, 797 A. D. On July 10, 1931, Dr. W. D. Strong entered upon his duties as ethnologist in the bureau. Early in August he left for a reconnais- sance trip through central and western Nebraska, central South Dakota, and western North Dakota. Evidence of a prehistoric cul- ture believed to pertain to the early Pawnee was followed up the Republican River and west as far as Scottsbluff. Here a very im- portant stratified site on Signal Butte was investigated, and after arranging for complete excavation the next summer, Doctor Strong continued the survey trip up the Missouri River. Many large pre- historic villages of the sedentary tribes in this region were visited and their locations and characteristics noted for future investigation. The survey ended with a visit to the living Arikara Indians on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Many good informants were visited and preliminary ethnological work on the life and cus- toms of this very important agricultural people was commenced. During the autumn and winter of 1931-32 the text and illustrations of a manuscript entitled “An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology ” . were prepared. On May 25, 1932, Doctor Strong left for Lincoln, Nebr., and on June 15 excavations were commenced in the stratified deposits on the top of Signal Butte. Large collections of specimens from all three levels were secured, especially from the lowest level of occupation, which was very thick and gave evidence of great antiquity. Marked cultural differences between the three levels were apparent during the excavation work. Burials, both complete and partial, were found in the upper level, but no burials were encountered in the lowest level, though fragments of human bone were found. It is already certain that the unusual case of stratigraphy present on the summit of Signal Butte will, when the material has been studied in detail, yield clear evidence of an extensive sequence of cultural and artifact types for the high plains region of central North America. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, completed the revision and the edit- ing of the manuscript journal of the Swiss artist, Rudolph Fried- erich Kurz, for publication by the bureau. He also made an inten- sive study of the internal organic structure of the Iroquois and the Huron (Wyandot) clan, which was a most important unit of social and political organization. This investigation revealed some hith- erto unnoted and disregarded organic features of clan structure. The results of this study were submitted for publication. In addition he continued his work of coordinating the variant versions of tra- ditional and ceremonial matters recorded in native text in the Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Onondaga vernaculars. In addition to the four myths of the Wind Gods mentioned in the previous REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43 report, five others of this series of texts were completed, as was also the paper dealing with the decipherment of an interesting series of mnemonic pictographs. Mr. Hewitt represents the Smithsonian In- stitution on the United States Geographic Board, and as a member of its executive committee has much active research work to do. On May 11, 1932, Mr. Hewitt resumed his ethnological researches among the Iroquois members of the former Six Nations of Indians on the Grand River Grant, near Brantford, Ontario, Canada. His investigations began with a study of the permanency and the re- maining cohesive power of the clan among these people, and of its influence, if any, on the social and political activities of these Indians to-day. He found what had been superficially apparent for some time, namely, that the clan structure and authority had become com- pletely forgotten, and so maintained no effective guidance in social and political affairs. David Thomas, a former chief of the Cayuga and an intelligent man, of the Grand River Reservation, dictated a number of traditional and interpretative Cayuga texts dealing with certain phases of the ancient league rituals. John Buck, sr., a former Tutelo chief, supplhed further information relating to the Wind Gods, and he also gave much assistance in interpreting league texts already recorded by Mr. Hewitt. Winslow M. Walker, associate anthropologist, was in the field at the beginning of the year, exploring certain caves in the Ozark region of north central Arkansas. A large cavern at Cedar Grove yielded the burials of 12 individuals and a considerable number of artifacts and articles of rough stone, chipped flint, bone, shell, and crude undecorated potsherds heavily shell-tempered. The resem- blance to the culture of the Ozark Bluff Dwellers described by M. R. Harrington is very marked. The skeletal remains indicate a long- headed people of moderate stature, the so-called “ pre-Algonkin type.” ‘Three localities were found where there were petrographs— both carved and painted symbols and figures—but the designs at each of these sites were different and distinctive, and they could not be correlated with any of the Bluff Dweller caves. In the middle of July Mr. Walker went to Louisiana, where for a month explorations of mound and village sites in various parts of northern Louisiana were undertaken, principally in the Red River and Mississippi Valleys. At Natchitoches, on Red River, while preparations were going on for the construction of some ponds for a new Government fish hatchery, an ancient Indian burial ground was discovered. Mr. Walker arrived in time to save some of the skeletal material and fragments of a beautiful highly decorated and polished pottery. The period from January to June was spent in the compiling of an index of all archeological sites so far reported 44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 from the region of the lower Mississippi Valley, with maps showing the location of these sites in the States of Louisiana and Arkansas. From the study of the material found at Natchitoches a paper has been prepared for publication entitled “ Discovery of a Caddo Site at Natchitoches, Louisiana.” ‘The results of this study seem to justify the conclusion that this was the burial ground of the tribe of the Natchitoches, a branch of the Caddo, found inhabiting this location by Henri de Tonti in 1690. The beautiful polished and engraved pottery is very similar to that made by the Ouachita Indians living along the river of that name in Louisiana and Arkansas. SPECIAL RESEARCHES The study of Indian music was continued during the past year by Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the bureau. The three outstanding results of the year’s work are a study of the Peyote cult and its songs among the Winnebago Indians, an intensive study of the songs and customs of the Seminole in Florida, and the comple- tion for publication of a manuscript entitled “‘ Nootka and Quileute Music.” In addition, numerous Pueblo songs recorded in 1930 have been transcribed and other Pueblo songs recorded. Eight manu- scripts and the transcriptions of 109 songs have been submitted, together with the phonographic records and complete analyses of the songs. Field trips were made to Wisconsin Dells in August and Septem- ber, 1931. The first trip was devoted to the Pueblo work, the re- cording of Winnebago dance songs, and a continuance of the general study of the Winnebago. Following this a visit was made to a basket makers’ camp near Holmen, Wis., where the ceremonial songs of the John Rave branch of the Peyote organization were recorded by William Thunder, a leader in the ceremony. On the second trip to Wisconsin Dells the ceremonial songs of the Jesse Clay branch of the organization were recorded by James Yellowbank, who is a leader in that branch. In September, 1931, and in June, 1932, the study of peyote was continued with Winnebago Indians. On November 6, 1931, Miss Densmore arrived in Miami, Fla., to resume a study of the Seminole Indians begun in January. During the early part of her stay the work was conducted in the Seminole villages at Musa Isle and Dania and in three camps on the Tamiami . Trail between Miami and Everglades. Sixty-five songs were re- corded by Panther (known as Josie Billie), a leader in the Big Cypress band of the tribe. He is a medicine man in regular practice, and his work was sometimes interrupted by his attendance upon the sick, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45 Eariy in February Miss Densmore went to Fort Myers and made — a trip to remote villages in the Everglades under the guidance of Stanley Hanson of that city. Then she went to the region west of Lake Okeechobee and recorded 125 songs at Brighton from Billie Stuart, a leader of singers in the Cow Creek group of Seminoles. Returning to Miami, work was resumed at Musa Isle. Additional songs were recorded by Panther, and an important tradition was related by Billie Motlo, one of the few remaining old men of the tribe. MISCELLANEOUS Seven bulletins of the bureau were issued during the year; for a list of these see the report on publications, Appendix 11. In the library there were accessioned during the year 400 volumes, 150 pamphlets, and 3,400 serials. For further details see the report on the library, Appendix 10. COLLECTIONS Accession No. 115902. Collection of archeological material collected by M. W. Stirling at various sites in Alabama and Florida in 19381. (148 specimens.) 114568. Archeological and skeletal material collected for the Bureau of Ameri- ean Ethnology by F. M. Setzler from various sites in Texas in 1931. (69 specimens. ) 115562. Archeological and ethnological objects collected for the Bureau of American Ethnology by Neil M. Judd on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Gila County, Ariz. (49 specimens.) 115827. Specimens of shell from Horrs Island, Fla., collected by M. W. Stirling in 1931. (3 specimens.) 117184. Archeological material collected in 1931 by W. M. Walker from caves and rock shelters in the Ozark region of north central Arkansas, occupying portions of Searcy and Marion Counties. (23 specimens.) During the course of the year information was furnished by mem- bers of the bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexi- can peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various specimens sent to the bureau were identified and data on them fur- nished for their owners. Personnel_—Dr. William Duncan Strong was appointed as eth- nologist on the staff of the bureau on July 10, 1981. Miss Marion Illig was appointed as junior stenographer on September 1, 1931. De Lancey Gill was retired as illustrator on June 30, 1932, by operation of the economy bill. Respectfully submitted. M. W. Sriruine, Chief. Wr C.'G. ABeor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 5 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: The congressional appropriation for the support of the service during 1932 was $54,060, an increase of $1,250 over that for 1981. Of this increase, $1,000 was for freight and $250 for boxes. The Institution received as repayments from departmental and other establishments $5,056.23, making the total resources available during the year $59,116.23. The total number of packages received for distribution through the service, from both domestic and foreign sources was 759,035, an increase over the previous year of 117,697, or about 18 per cent. The greater part of this increase was in the parliamentary documents forwarded abroad. ' The publications sent and received by the service are classified as parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and miscellane- ous scientific and literary publications. The number and weight of packages containing the publications coming under these headings are as follows: Packages Weight Sent Received| Sent Received Pounds | Pounds United States parliamentary documents sent abroad---.------- BLAS F/f/ph eee ot eee 118,433) |S eee Publications received in return for parliamentary documents-___|__-----_--|_- 1 | = 31, 674 United States departmental documents sent abroad______.-_--- 188/O7L is eoetes 155,:759)| Sac eeeee Publications received in return for departmental documents__-_-|--_--_.--- 7,974; |522 , 043 Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad__| 146, 866 |__-------- 227, 426, |= eee Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from abroad for distribution in the United States_____..----__----|_--------- 40,873) ||2:222 eee 102, 316 Motel sce eee eee eee eee ere een 698, 214 60,821 | 501,617 159, 033 Grand ‘tote eae ass sg a eee 759,035 660,650 It will be seen from the foregoing table that about 75 per cent of the work of the office during the year has been conducted in behalf of United States governmental establishments. The total number of boxes used in dispatching consignments abroad was 2,652, a decrease of 350 from the preceding year. Of these boxes, 605 were for the foreign depositories of full sets of 46 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47 United States governmental documents, and the remainder (2,047) were for distribution to miscellaneous establishments and individuals. While the Smithsonian Exchange Service, as a rule, transmits its consignments to other countries in boxes, it is more economical to forward certain shipments direct to their destinations by mail, and during the year the number of packages sent abroad in this manner was 85,435, an increase of 8,826 over the number mailed last year. The decrease in the number of boxes forwarded abroad in 1931 and 1932 and the increase in the number of packages transmitted by mail during the same period were due to the sending since January 1, 1931, of the greater part of the packages for British correspondents direct by mail. FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS The total number of sets of United States official documents for- warded to foreign depositories is 112, 62 full and 50 partial. The full set of official documents sent to the Prefecture of the Seine has, at the request of the Library of Congress, been discon- tinued and forwarded to the American Library in Paris. The partial set of documents sent to Bengal is now addressed: “Assistant Secre- tary to the Government of Bengal, Department of Education, Writers’ Buildings, Calcutta.” The series of governmental docu- ments sent to Northern Ireland are now addressed to the “ Superin- tendent of His Majesty’s Stationery Office, Custom House, Belfast.” A list of the depositories is given in the report for 1931. INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL The following have been added to the list of those establishments receiving copies of the daily issue of the Congressional Record: Office Nationale du Commerce Extérieur, Paris; Reichsfinanzminis- terium, Berlin; Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City. These three new depositories, after allowing for the elimination of the set sent to Barcelona, which was discontinued, make the total number of copies of the Congressional Record forwarded to foreign depositories 104, The depository of the Record in Aracaju, Brazil, has been changed to Bibliotheca Publica de Sergipe, Aracaju. For a list of the states taking part in the immediate exchange of the official journal, together with the names of the establishments to which the Record is mailed, see the report for 1931. A list of the agencies abroad through which the distribution of exchanges is effected is given below. Most of these agencies for- ward consignments to the Institution for distribution in the United States. 48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 LIST OF HXCHANGH AGENCIES ALGERIA, Via France. ANGOLA, via Portugal. ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Calle Callao 1540, Buenos Aires. AvustTRIA: Internationale Austauschstelle, Bundeskanzleramt, Herrengasse 23, Vienna I. AzoRES, via Portugal. Bruerum: Service Belge des Echanges Internationaux, Rue des Longs-Chariots, 46, Brussels. Botivia: Oficina Nacional de Hstadistica, La Paz. Brazit: Servico de Permutacées Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Brit1isH CoLonigs: Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. BRITISH GUIANA: Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Georgetown. BritisH HonpurAs: Colonial Secretary, Belize. Butearia: Institutions Scientifiques de S. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia. CANADA: Sent by mail. CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain. CuitH: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Academia Sinica, 331 Avenue du Roi Albert, Shanghai. CoLomsrA: Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San José. CuBA: Sent by mail. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service Tchécoslovaque des Kchanges Internationaux, Biblio- théque de ]’Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79. Danzig: Amt fiir den Internationalen Schriftenaustausch der Freien Stadt Danzig, Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DenMARK: Service Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. DutcH GuIANA: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo. Hcvuapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, Quito. HKeyrpr: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval). FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Helsingfors. FRANCE: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle, Paris. GmeRMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universititstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 3, and 4 Arthur St., New Oxford St., London W. C. 2. GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens. GREENLAND, via Denmark. GUATEMALA: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala. Hartt: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Hxtérieures, Port-au-Prince. Honpuras: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa. Huneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Budapest, IV. IcHLAND, via Denmark. Inpta: Superintendent of Stationery, Bombay. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49 Traty: R. Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’ Hducazione Na- zionale, Rome. JAMAICA: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston. JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo. JAVA, via Netherlands. Korma: Sent by mail. Latyra: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliotheque d’Etat de Lettonie, Riga. Lipreia: Bureau of Hxchanges, Department of State, Monrovia. LITHUANIA: Sent by mail. LOURENCO MARQUEZ, via Portugal. LUXEMBURG, via Belgium. MADAGASCAR, via France. MAnpeErRA, via Portugal. Mexico: Sent by mail. MozAMBIQUE, Via Portugal. NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Library, The Hague. New SoutH WatLEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. New ZEALAND: Dominion Museum, Wellington. NIcARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Relates etn de l'Université Royale, Oslo. PALESTINH: Hebrew University Library, J erusalem. PanaMa: Sent by mail. PARAGUAY: Seccién Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Hstrella 563, Asuncion. Prru: Oficina de Reparto, Depdsito y Canje Internacional de USS IO RES Ministerio de Fomento, Lima. PoLanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Na- tionale, Warsaw. PortuGaL: Seccio de Trocas Internacionaes, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre- tary’s Department, Brisbane. RumaAntiA: Bureau des Hchanges Internationaux, Institut Météorologique Cen- tral, Bucharest. Russia: Academy of Sciences, Leningrad. SatvapoR: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador. Stam: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. South Australia: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Govern- ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide. Sparn: Servicio.de Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Paseo de Recoletos 20, Madrid. Sumatra, via Netherlands. Swepen: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm. SwITzERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen- trale Fédérale, Berne. Syria: American University of Beirut. TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart. TrRInipaAp: Royal Victoria Institute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain. TUNIS, via France. TURKEY: Robert College, Istanbul. 50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 UNION oF SoutH Arrica: Government Printing Works, Pretoria, Transvaal. UrvuGuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. Viotor1A: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. YUGOSLAVIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Belgrade. Respectfully submitted. C. W. SHOEMAKER, Chief Clerk, International Exchange Service. Dr. Cuartes G. ABBOT, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 6 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK? Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: The regular appropriation made by Congress for the maintenance of the park was $255,540—an increase of $34,020 over 1931. Of this amount, $4,500 was made immediately available upon the approval of the act on February 23, 1981, for the construction of quarters to house the Victor J. Evans Collection. Im addition, $4,500 was appropriated and made available upon approval of the act for the preparation of plans and specifications for the small mammal house, the next unit in the building program for the development of the Zoo. ACCESSIONS Gifts——Chief among the gifts this year are Okero and Teddy, the baby mountain gorilla and chimpanzee, brought by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson. These two animals are being raised together and constitute one of the most attractive exhibits in the park. The receipt of the mountain gorilla made it possible to exhibit both the lowland and mountain forms of this rare group. Samuel Kress, of the United Fruit Co., of Costa Rica, has continued his interest and gent a fine jabiru stork and a peccary. R. E. Stadelman, of the Serpentarium at Tela, Honduras, presented the park with Chancho, a white-lipped peccary, as well as a number of other interesting specimens. Vincent Astor, of New York City, presented two Gala- pagos iguanas. Acquisitions under the proceeds from the Frederic D. Barstow fund, which first became available for use this year, made possible the accession of a pair of tricolored squirrels, highly colored, active, and interesting little animals from the Malay Peninsula. ‘The proceeds from the Frances Brinklé Zerbee Memorial Fund were used for keeping the aquarium section stocked. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK EXPEDITION With funds provided especially in the regular appropriation act for the park, the director, accompanied by Assistant Head Keeper F. O. Lowe, sailed from New York July 22, 1931, for Georgetown, British Guiana. Collecting was carried on in two general regions— 1The complete list of animals in the collection, usually printed with this report, has had to be omitted this year owing to shortage of printing funds. Mimeographed copies of the list may be obtained by writing to the Director, National Zoological Park, Washington, D. C. 51 52 . ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 the Pomeroon and Mackenzie districts—and although the earlier por- tion of the trip was a disappointment, 317 specimens were success- fully landed at the Zoo on October 11, 1931. These comprised 13 species of mammals, 25 species of birds, and 31 species of reptiles and amphibians. This exhibit brought a number of species into the Zoo for exhibition for the first time. Surplus specimens were imme- diately exchanged with other zoos. On this trip the party was assisted greatly by His Excellency Sir Edward Denham, the Governor of British Guiana; Messrs. Hender- son and Rucker, of the Bauxite Co., of British Guiana; Dr. George Giglioli, himself an ardent naturalist, who presented some of his pets to the expedition; and F. M. Walcott, of Hope Estate, who gave an ocelot. While no Surinam toads were obtained on this trip, arrangements. were made which later resulted in the receipt of 90 specimens in good condition, through the kindness of Captain Lum, of the Munson Steamship Line, who brought them to New York from Paramaribo. This placed on exhibition a large group of this rare toad, and enabled us to exchange specimens for exhibition with other zoos. DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS Stuart Abraham, Braddock Heights, Md., copperhead. Roy Adams, Washington, D. C., snapping turtle. Mrs. M. W. Arps, Washington, D. C., ring-necked dove. Vincent Astor, New York City, two Galapagos iguanas. Charles A. Baker, 2d, Baltimore, Md., kinkajou. Dr. Paul Bartsch, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.,. Jamaican snail. : F. H. Benjamin, United States Plant Quarantine and Control Administration, Orlando, Fla., Florida cooter, Osceola snapping turtle, two Florida box turtles.. Robert L. Bieber, Potomac, Md., goat. J. B. Bland, Washington, D. C., alligator. Miss Blondell, Washington, D. C., tarantula. Mr. and Mrs. J. S. C. Boswell, Alexandria, Va., California king snake, three Boyle’s king snakes. M. K. Brady, Washington, D. C., king or chain snake, 2 common fence lizards,,. 2 blue-tailed skinks, marbled salamander, 12 Stejneger’s anolis. C. J. Brahm, Philadelphia, Pa., Chinese mantis. Messrs. E. J. and 8. K. Brown, Eustis, Fla., coral snake, scarlet snake, water snake, two corn snakes, hog-nosed snake, chicken snake, two Florida king snakes. Meredith and Walker Buel, Washington, D. C., common fence lizard. Allen M. Burdett, Washington, D. C., two alligators. C. R. Burnett, Richmond, Va., white-fronted parrot, yellow-fronted parrot. Dr. Charles E. Burt, Southwestern College, Winfield, Kans., three slender burrowing snakes, two western ring-necked snakes, brown skink, two collared lizards, two blacksnakes, five ornate tortoises, western or blue racer. F. G. Carnochan, New York City, canvasback duck, two mallard ducks. R. R. Carpenter, Wilmington, Del., curl-tail lizard. Bernard Cawill, Silver Spring, Md., two coyotes. Kenneth Clow, Washington, D. C., capuchin monkey. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53 Miss Doris M. Cochran, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., . 2 scorpions, 22 water snakes. Mrs. R. Cohen, Bowie, Md., three angora goats. Dr. F. V. Coville, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., ‘seven chuckwallas. Mrs. Annie T. Craley, Washington, D. C., yellow-fronted parrot. Miss Amelia Crawford, Washington, D. C., alligator. Mrs. J. H. Cummings, Wilmington, N. C., two glass snakes, six-lined lizard, aanolis. R. O. EH. Davis, Washington, D. C., barred owl. Allen DeFord, Washington, D. C., alligator. Charles EF. Denley, Rockville, Md., four golden pheasants. Miss Grace Devendorf, Washington, D. C., mynah. F. I. Donn, Washington, D. C., common gallinule. M. C. Dowling, Bethesda, Md., 11 horned lizards. Mrs. Bertha Duncan, Washington, D. C., red fox. H. W. Ehmann, Piedmont, Fla., six baldpates, six pintail ducks. Dr. Wm. O. Emery, United States Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Washing- ton, D. C., three blind worms. Mrs. C. L. Hmmart, Baltimore, Md., alligator. F. W. Engle, Washington, D. C., common boa. William Engle, Washington, D. C., canary. I. B. Faidley, Falls Church, Va., coot. Dr, David Fairchild, Washington, D. C., two hermit crabs. Mrs. R. W. Ferguson, Fernandino, Fla., two Florida skunks. ¥F, T. Fitch, Buchanan, Va., duck hawk. H. J. Gibson, Washington, D. C., blacksnake. Dr. George Giglioli, Mackenzie, British Guiana, deer, curassow. Norman Gilillan, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake. Mrs. Goodloe, Washington, D. C., opossum. Alex Goodman, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. R. H. Gordon, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. W. B. Grange, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Agassiz’s tortoise, mhree horned lizards, spiny swift, spiny-tailed lizard. Miss Hawthorne, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk. Miss L. EH. Hemington, Washington, D. C., six canaries. Horace Hicks, Washington, D. C., DeKay’s snake. James P. Holloway, Washington, D. C., rhesus monkey. C. H. Holmes, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk. R. Bruce Horsfall, Nature Magazine, Washington, D. C., corn snake. S. R. Hughes, Leesburg, Va., common loon. Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson, New York City, chimpanzee, mountain gorilla. Walter Johnson, Bethesda, Md., silver pheasant, golden pheasant, two Hineated pheasants. D. C. Jonhas, Washington, D. C., box tortoise, garter snake, common anolis. EH. 8S. Joseph, New York City, lung fish. Mr. Keith, Georgetown, S. C., 5 water moccasins, 2 blacksnakes, 2 water snakes, 3 copperheads, chicken snake, king or chain snake. C. O. King, Washington, D. C., tarantula. John Kitterman, Kensington, Md., two common terns. B. P. Klibas, Washington, D. C., hawks-bill turtle. R. F. Knox, Cherrydale, Va., banded rattlesnake. Sam Kress, Port Limon, Costa Rica, jabiru, collared peccary. James LaFontaine, Washington, D. C., great horned owl. 54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Miss Catherine Larner, Whitehall, N. Y., brown capuchin. S. E. Laurell, Washington, D. C., patas monkey. Mrs. F. C. Lincoln, Takoma Park, Md., opossum. Mrs. John Linder, Washington, D. C., two alligators. Robert Locke, Washington, D. C., alligator. Thomas H. Loyd, jr., Washington, D. C., West Indian tree frog. John L. Lucas, Washington, D. C., kangaroo rat. John C. Lyddams, Washington, D. C., alligator. Van Allen Lyman, Washington, D. C., scorpion. Mrs. J. R. Malloch, Ballston, Va., raccoon. G. Manos, Washington, D. C., four opossums. George E. Mattingly, Washington, D. C., pied-billed grebe. EB. A. McIlhenny, Avery Island, La., 2 anhingas, 4 snowy egrets, 2 Louisiana herons. Kenneth Meyers, Takoma Park, Md., common skink. G. S. Miller, jr., United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., four Puerto Rican snails. James Miller, Washington, D. C., mink. Mrs. Rose L. Miller, Washington, D. C., ferret. W. W. Minear, Quincy, Ill., 14 blacksnakes, 19 water snakes, 8 garter snakes, 8 banded rattlesnakes, 4 leopard snakes. Dewey Moore, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, Indio, Calif., 2 giant hairy scorpions, sidewinder rattlesnake, 2 desert rattlesnakes, California bull- snake, 3 lizards, 4 scorpions. Dr. G. K. Noble, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, two southern ctenosaurs. Dr. H. C. Oberholser, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washing- ton, D. C., two whistling swans. William O’Brien, Washington, D. C., double yellow-head parrot. Dr. S. Logan Owens, Washington, D. C., two yellow-naped parrots. Mrs. A. N. Pack, Princeton, N. J., raccoon. J. R. Page, jr., Greensboro, N. C., Florida diamond-back rattlesnake. Axel Pedersen, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. S. F. Perkins, Washington, D. C., two king snakes, water snake, blacksnake. A. L. Pflueger, North Miami, Fla., two diamond-back turtles, four Florida box turtles. Philadelphia Zoological Park, Philadelphia, Pa., three soft-shell turtles. Polly’s Tea Room, Alexandria, Va., two raccoons, skunk, ocelot, collared peccary, great horned owl, three barred owls, crab-eating macaque, African gray parrot. Carlos Quiros, Port Limon, Costa Rica, emperor boa. Michael Rainey, Washington, D. C., alligator. Donald Reder, Lorton, Va., mink. Miss M. E. Rice, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. A. G. Richardson, Salem, Mass., two alligators. Mrs. Riley, Washington, D. C., flicker. H. H. Rudolph, Washington, D. C., 20 bob-whites. W. K. Ryan, Washington, D. C., four Fundulus galaris. San Diego Zoo, San Diego, Calif., four farallone cormorants. William Sanders, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot. Dr. J. E. Schillinger, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C., two whistling swans. Mrs. I. D. Schwartz, Washington, D. C., alligator. Mrs. Shelby, Benning, D. C., two coyotes. R. D. Shields, Silver Springs, Md., capuchin monkey. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55 Miss Betty Shorey, Washington, D. C., tarantula. Hugene Sibley, Chevy Chase, Md., two Peking ducks. 8S. G. Sifalla, Washington, D. C., Sumichrast’s deer mouse and young. Mrs. W. H. Smith, Washington, D. C., canary. C. C. Sperry, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.. two collared lizards. R. E. Stadelman, Tela Serpentarium, Tela, Honduras, white-lipped peccary, prehensile tailed-porcupine, two coral snakes, six jumping vipers. B. F. Stepper, Washington, D. C., 2 skinks, blue-tailed skink, 19 . fence lizards, 2 red toads. H. G. Stewart, Seabrook, Md., spotted salamander. Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Washington, D. C., great red-crested cockatoo. Shreve Stombach, red-tailed hawk. J. Ralph Taylor, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake. Richard Taylor, Middleburg, Va., horned lizard. Elaine and South Trimble, Washington, D. C., flying squirrel. United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., laughing gull. United States Post Office, Dead Letter Section, alligator. Mrs. Elizabeth Voegele, Martinsburg, W. Va., orange-winged parrot. Walker Chevrolet Sales Co., Tazewell, Va., two golden eagles. W. Paul Ward, Fairmont, W. Va., Cooper’s hawk. Charles Williams, marine turtle. G. EH. Williams, Washington, D. C., red salamander. Larry Williams, Chevy Chase, Md., spotted salamander. Miss Mary Wills, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. G. W. Wilson, Washington, D. C., Florida gallinule. Paul Winthrop and C. W. Buckley, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake. Maj. Leigh F. Zerbee, United States Army, coral snake, Panama fresh- water fish. Donor unknown, two canaries. Births—There were 41 mammals born, 62 birds hatched, and 45 reptiles hatched or born in the Park during the year. These include the following: MAMMALS Scientific name Common name Number /&pyprymnus rufescens____---------- at kangaroos 20 ees er 1 PASS NTIS) 5 ey IP ee PAIS QCCR ce Mer rege ona ane eee oe 2 Bipompbisonessi 20 tSh Reet Ath 25 American bison 222s. +722 ses 1 @amiseniloil uss os). ys lk Plains wolf. these. ace Te 2 ae oe 3 Cervus canadensis___---~ iS SIN sa Sant Cd America mye likin care as ai ara, apes 1 Cervus duvaucellii______...-_._____- Barasingha deer____._._-_-_______- 1 Cenvusielaphiuse 8. oe Soe sete PVOCVAee reba Ie Pe he eS 2 Choeropsis liberiensis_____-_________-- Pigmy hippopotamus_____-_____- 1 Damardamas . SOS ete eye Hallows deer siete (hee ee Eee Pe 2 Equus quagga chapmani____-_-__-__- Chapman/sizebrae 2) 1 LEVEIENS, IIo Ces Ra i gil A he aac eh at ae Bs eat aa a econ NS 3 hic ocastor coypuly Vib ss 22 2 ee Woy pin Vel ee ie Sa 3 Odocoileus hemionus-_--------------- Mile deerseys aetna ae 2 Odocoileus virginianus_--_----------- Wireimiar deere ices ola ee 2 Ovasicanadensise /_2u)).. 2 22S 22e9ao_ Rocky Mountain sheep__._______- 2 Gnaercuropacis. .' fy. AU Ores ey Mignon as Wee Sop e e S . \ba 2 Phacochoerus aethiopicus massaicus__- East African wart hog_________- bbe dots Hecphacusterunniens js. yee 4 Wales vay ahve) tye oy gees oooh fy 1 isd mmolwecensis._..-L 22 Ueas22us - Molwecaxdeer: 2-2 22 ae er il Dilewsiippone: 2420! p25 2 ee Jape Mes eNClee reese si apeuacen ne anes 3 UTTASIWS) 541 ae a geese a ho Alaska Peninsula brown bear--- -- 1 Zalophus californianus-- -- --- ame es California sea lions====.52 22028 1 56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 BIRDS Scientific name Common name Number Anas platyrhynchos. o_o ae. ee Mallard duek o-oo 3-2 pee 5 Branta canadensis subsp_------------ Canada goose group___---------- 17 Larus novaehollandiae-_--.--...------- Silver pullazi eee seule ee ee 22 Nycticorax nycticorax naevius_-_------ Black-crowned night heron__-_---- 18 REPTILES Scientific name Common name Number Bothrops lanceolatus__----.-------- SWer-de-lance 203/232 15 Crotaphytus' collariasls.=1¢8- cisUe 3 Collared lizard icc i -a944508es 6 Epicrates angulifer_= 2. +" 2 222222 5= Cuban. tree bos... 42-282 3 Hunectes murinus’- 2-2-5652 Lee Anaconda... 2. 3 ee 6 Watrix Bp... 2062 See ee eee ee Water snake: <2... 70 02 eee 15 Purchases.—The most important purchases during the year were two Cape hunting dogs, two fine Aldabra tortoises, and a pair of giant anteaters. REMOVALS Causes of death_—When it has been thought that determination of the cause of death of certain animals might be useful, the specimens have been submitted to the pathological division of the Bureau of Animal Industry for examination. The following list shows the results of the autopsies: MAMMALS Artiodactyla: Congestion of the lungs, 1. Primates: Purulent peritonitis, 1; pneumonia, 1. BIRDS Columbiformes: Catarrhal enteritis, 1. The great loss of the year was the death of N’Gi, a 414-year-old baby gorilla that had been in the Zoo from December 5, 1928, to March 10, 1932. He became ill with a bad cold, which progressed into pneumonia complicated with empyema. Dr. D. E. Buckingham, veterinarian, and his assistant, were called immediately and stayed with him day and night throughout his illness. Dr. John C. Eck- hardt, M. D., a great friend of the Zoo, served as a volunteer consultant, Through the kind interest and generosity of Mrs. Eleanor Patter- son, of the Washington Herald, several X-ray pictures were made and an oxygen chamber with technicians and full equipment was brought from New York by airplane and N’Gi placed in this in an effort to save his life. He recovered somewhat, but because of the empyema a surgical operation was necessary. This was performed gratuitously by Dr. Charles Stanley White, of Washington, but the long illness had so weakened the monkey that he died shortly afterwards. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 57 At the time N’Gi was ill, Jojo, the chimpanzee in the adjoining cage, also became ill and died. Both deaths were apparently occa- sioned by the same type of ailment, generally called the flu or grip, which was prevalent in Washington at that time. Okero, the mountain gorilla, and his cage mate, Teddy, the chim- panzee, developed a slight pneumonia, but soon recovered. ANIMALS IN COLLECTION THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXHIBITED MAMMALS Scientific name Common name CAcajOuNecAlyUSE 2 bbe a White Uakari monkey. Chinontes: chiroptes 22s ess ee Cuxio monkey. Huphractus sexcinctus___________-___________ Six-banded armadillo. MyVCAOMMPLCTUSES 8a ee eee Cape hunting dog. Metachirus fuscogriseus________________-____ Allen’s mouse opossum. Nyctomys sumichrasti_____-_________________ Sumicharast’s deer mouse. SUITE Speln any C1 Ste at Ss se Tricolored squirrel. BIRDS Scientific name Common name Pitangus sulphuratus____________________ Kiskadee flycatcher. Psomocolax oryzivora___-___-_-_--_----_____. Rice grackle. Sporophila lineola__________________________. White-crowned seed-eater. Linnea Or sot . Guiana giant tinamou. REPTILES Scientific name Common name Ameiva ameiva ameiva_____-___-___________. South American swift. PRMMMUISSCybalez ts. oe yee bla Blunt-tailed anilius. Anolis leucophaeus_________--_______________ Turks Island anolis. Crocodilurus lacertinus_________-____________- Crocodile lizard. Hrpetodryas carinatus______-______________-- Marsh snake. Hrpetodryas fuscus--—=22- 22 8 Red and black snake. Hrythrolamprus aesculapii__________________- False coral snake. Eehcopssangullata 2222-2 ee South American water snake. Leiocephalus inaguae_______________________. Inagua Island ecurl-tail lizard. Weiecephalusisps2= 22225 bee ee ek Curl-tail lizard (Andros Island). Mentopiisahactulla'. Tiss soe ass ee Ja Parrot snake. Petalognathus nebulatus_____________________ Blunt-head snake. Philodryus viridissimus_________-_ ________. Green tree snake. Pineynona sul hwTreUS 2s a ee South American rat snake. Phrynosoma solare________--________________ Crowned horned lizard. RCo CA aa = ee Se ee Sere Cae Sue ye ker S Plicated lizard. Podocnemis expansa____-_--__---_____----_=- South American river tortoise. Polychrus marmoratus______________________. Marbled lizard. eemdoboa: cloclia.. 29-2 a1 ke sy . Mussurana. EVpMonrC Unb a2 2 i ee Sak 2 es Blood python. Smillotes pullatus! pullatus==2232 Tiger snake. Tantilla ecoronata______ eee ____.. Banded burrowing snake. Mestudo elephantina =. s> 22-322 See Elephant tortoise. iinccadactylus rapicaudus—__ = eee ee Gecko. emodonySeverus—eollection during’ year_--._—_..2 222 = ee 3, 718 Removed from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on COP OS Ue ee oa ae opin ey SS TEI aoe eh 8 Se 1, 416 In: collection une: SO ORD oe ee ae ES ee 2, 302 Status of collection Species meee ae Species iain IMiamisrallat eee Soe oe a 194 BO | | PATACHMIOSS 5-year 3 4 BiSds eee eee kere VEN Soe 328 1080] Crustaceans...- 2-2 eee 1 8 Reptiless: 2222s ae a 157 549 /Molluskswio22 2 - Je. ee ae 2 27 WX 608 0 ord ©) | 6 [> fay ee a ay ba 28 101 MisheSos-seet ees = testi ecccse 15 57 "Lotal 4.125) 6 tee 728 2, 302 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 59 Visitors Sia 723 2 aS oh ak a A202 MOONE Marcha s: ek Wares see 2 174, 585 SANUS 2 ik fe a LAI ee epee ey ALOR 200 Aprile ste A SEIS 252, 000 PE September. OF 1030 82a. pi) 262A00H |) Magy so cen eh Pin 6 ofa 272, 300 MAO@EEObeT Me a ghar, lope ul DAN orCen(O)a\) eliuiin ps asaeeg ap us pup geal 175, 200 Miowemaper: Ae set ee 161, 900 = Mecemoen. 2-6. 2 PLL 2 48, 825 Total visitors for EITC Sli ig 65, 800 VERT Rach kone cea 2, 169, 460 1 BCE] O RU CEE 7 es i ga ge 96, 400 The attendance of organizations, mainly classes of students, of which we have definite record, was 36,318 from 716 different schools in 22 States, the District of Columbia, and Cuba, as follows: Number | Number Number | Number States of of States Of a Rot persons | parties persons | parties Alabama__-.-._.-- asassestocs 24 Wal |News Workel. a 20S es 3, 482 43 Connecticut -___-----.-------- 203 4 || North Carolina____-.._____.__ 92 11 MD BIAWATO@re eater 218 9 TQ Peale Ee eC 453 16 District of Columbia_-_-__---_. 10, 012 202 || Pennsylvania____._._________- 7, 494 153 loritdee oo. Se ee eee apes 3 || Rhode Island_.____._--.______ 97 3 Min ois meee) 2 65 2 || South Carolina_______________ 31 1 TOW ape ee Tie VL 188 2 || Temnessee___-__-----------__- 30 1 Kentuekyo ste 2 ge 65 2h VATE ae eh eee ea ee 1, 995 48 MVAlepiT eee 188 6 || West Virginia__.-_---_-_-__-- 214 6 Manylandeee ee sy ee 7, 626 132 Massachusetts_._....--------- 310 ON] |i Car ey eee aS RN a 14 1 Michigan___.__.___-___.-.---- 430 8 |__|} ——______ New Hampshire___....-__---- 55 3 TRO tala Ek ee eee 36, 318 716 New Jersey_-.---------------- 2, 757 50 IMPROVEMENTS The largest improvement of the year was the construction of approximately 11,000 feet of chain-link fence to inclose the park, taking the place of a fence that had been in use for about 31 years. In connection with the fence installation stone gate pillars and electric-welded gates were installed, and the street paving at the various entrances was adjusted in conformity with the new gates. A series of crane runs were constructed immediately east of the bird house. The wire used was an aluminum alloy, and the installa- tion is of an experimental nature to determine if such material will be satisfactory for this type of inclosure. Adjoining the crane runs have been built a series of nine pens for pheasants. The wire in this case was a small-diameter copper weld, which is also partly in the nature of an experiment. The wild-horse group has been accommodated by the construction of a series of paddocks and shelter houses on filled-in land off the main road, which now house the zebras, the kiang, and Mongolian wild horses. 60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 The eagle cage, which had been in course of construction for some time, was completed early in the spring of 1932, and birds were immediately placed in it. Artificial rockwork forms an attractive background, and the cage as a whole is very satisfactory. A series of outdoor cages for ostriches, rheas, emus, and casso- waries were begun and nearly completed at the end of the fiscal year. These are on the new fill back of the bird house, and will permit a much better exhibition of these large and interesting birds than has heretofore been possible. The new cages are located with due respect to the anticipated addition on the south of the bird house, so that the entire assembly will have a pleasing appearance when completed. The Bureau of Standards, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, and Bureau of Public Roads are assisting in determining the best material for floors for cages, and corrosion-resistant metals for cages and paddocks. Heretofore the American waterfowl pond has been provided with water taken directly from the creek, which made the pool muddy and insanitary. In addition, the dam which raised the water in the creek sufficiently to take it into the pond resulted in a large accumulation of silt, filling the bed of the stream up to the upper ford in the Zoo, so that the ford could be used only part of the time by motorists. This combination of circumstances made it advisable to pipe city water into the duck pond, and the dam has been torn out of the creek. The water is turned on only during the night. This has resulted in a clean pool and in improvement of the condi- tions of the creek bed and the ford. The Beatrice Henderson cage for birds was rewired and is now accommodating a colorful exhibit of macaws and cockatoos. R. Bruce Horsfall, staff artist of Nature Magazine, has con- tributed to the Zoo two beautiful panoramas which he painted in the reptile house. One of these shows a Galapagos Island scene with Indefatigable Island in the distance, and makes a splendid back- ground for the collection of tortoises. The other is a Komodo Island landscape on the wall of the cage now occupied by an assortment of large lizards. These paintings add greatly to the building’s attrac- tiveness. NEEDS OF THE ZOO The older buildings of temporary construction are obsolete and unsatisfactory. The urgent need of the Zoo is to continue the con- struction of exhibition buildings similar to the bird house and reptile house, both of which are entirely satisfactory. REPORL! OF THE SECRETARY 61 Funds were provided in the last appropriation for plans and specifications for a building to house small mammals and great apes. _Considerable work has been done on these plans. The reptile house continues to be the most popular building at the Zoo, and proves that it is worth while from all points of view to exhibit animals suitably. The police force is too small to guard the Government property for which it is responsible. An adequate force is needed. Respectfully submitted. : W. M. Mann, Director. Dr. C. G. Axsgor, Secretary, Smithsonan Institution. APPENDIX 7 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932: PLANT AND OBJECTS This observatory operates regularly the central station at Wash- ington and two field stations for observing solar radiation on Table Mountain, Calif., and Mount Montezuma, Chile. The station at Mount Brukkaros, Southwest Africa, which was established by the National Geographic Society and was continued for a time in co- operation with the Astrophysical Observatory with funds donated by a friend of the Institution, was closed in December, 1931.1 The observatory controls a station on Mount Wilson, Calif., where occa- sional expeditions are sent for special investigations, one of which is mentioned below. The principal aim of the observatory is the exact measurement of the intensity of the radiation of the sun as it is at mean solar distance outside the earth’s atmosphere. This is ordinarily called the solar constant of radiation, but the observations of past years by this observatory have proved it variable. As all life, as well as the _weather, depends on solar radiation, the observatory has undertaken the continued measurement of solar variation on all available days. These measurements have now continued all the year round for 14 years. As will appear in this report, recent studies indicate that the permanent continuation of these daily solar-radiation measurements may have great value for weather forecasting. In addition to this principal object, the observatory undertakes spectroscopic researches on radiation and absorption of atmospheric constituents, radiation of special substances, such as water vapor, ozone, carbonic-acid gas, liquid water, and others, and the radiation of the other stars as well as of the sun. WORK IN WASHINGTON Volume V of the Annals of the Observatory was printed and dis- tributed in the autumn of 1931. It rehearses the annals of the work from 1920 to 1930; describes the stations and instruments employed; ‘The valuable collections of zoological and botanical specimens made in Southwest Africa by Mrs. L. O. Sordahl, wife of the director, and brought back to Washington with the instruments, are referred to above in the report of the National Museum. 62 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63 discusses the sources of error inherent in the use of the bolometer, the pyranometer, and the pyrheliometer, and their application to solar- constant determinations. It explains the methods now in use at the several stations for measuring solar radiation; gives long tables of pyrheliometry and results of bolometry, pyrheliometry, and pyra- nometry combined in daily determinations of the solar constant. Finally, it gives a discussion of the results of all stations for the in- terval 1920-1930. ‘The agreement of the stations, the best results on the variability of the sun, and the apparent periodicities in solar variation, and their reflection in weather changes are set forth. As delegate from the Smithsonian Institution, Doctor Abbot at- tended the Geographical Congress at Paris and the one hundredth anniversary meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Faraday celebration, and the Maxwell celebration in London and Cambridge. He delivered a paper before the British Association entitled “ ‘Twenty-five Years’ Study of Solar Variation.” At the conclusion of the meetings he went to Berlin, and with Doctor Martens at Potsdam he made an accurate comparison between silver-disk pyrheliometers S. I. 5,:;, carried abroad with him, and S. I. 12, the property since 1912 of the meteorological observatory at Potsdam. Apparently no appreciable change of scale in the read- ings of pyrheliometer S. I. 12 has occurred in the intervening 19 years. This result, confirming the stability of scale of the Smith- sonian silver-disk pyrheliometers, is very gratifying. Owing to long-continued illness, Mr. Fowle’s work was practically confined to the preparation for publication of a new edition of the Smithsonian Physical Tables. Messrs. Aldrich and Kramer spent much time on instruments for pyrheliometry. After long-continued efforts to perfect a new form of secondary pyrheliometer of much promise, the instrument was laid aside for a time. Following the suggestion of the Russian physicist, V. M. Shulgin, a new 3-chamber water-flow pyrheliometer was put in construction. The instrument comprises two pyrheliom- eters, each nearly like that described in the Annals of the Astro- physical Observatory, Volume III, page 52. A common current of distilled water, carefully guarded against temperature changes, . divides into two nearly equal branches to operate the two instru- ments. Solar heating in the one is compensated by electrical heat- ing in the other, interchanging the two instruments at intervals of two minutes. The measurement consists only in adjusting and ob- serving the required electric current to exactly compensate the solar heating, so that the two water currents issue at exactly equal tem- peratures. Equality of their temperatures is indicated by eight thermoelectric elements connected in series with their junctions alter- nately immersed in the two issuing water currents. 64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 This instrument, called water-flow pyrheliometer No. 5, was fin- ished in May, 1932. Immediately afterwards Messrs. Aldrich and Kramer constructed a doubly dispersing spectroscope designed to observe the extreme infra-red solar spectrum between wave lengths 10 and 30 microns. This is the spectral region wherein the earth emits radiation most strongly. As the sun rays come through the atmosphere much as the earth rays pass out through it, the instru- ment was intended to measure accurately the transmission of the atmosphere to earth rays, a subject fundamental to meteorology. A large diffraction grating of 25 lines per millimeter was very kindly ruled for this instrument by Dr. H. D. Babcock, of the Mount Wilson Observatory, by cooperation of Director W. S. Adams. A potassium-iodide prism for the second dispersion was kindly loaned by the University of Michigan. The instrument was completed about June 1, 1932, and shipped to Mount Wilson, Calif. Mrs. A. M. Bond and Doctor Abbot did a great deal of work on the investigation of periodicities in solar and terrestrial phenomena by the aid of the periodometer, referred to in last year’s report. Several papers descriptive of this work will be found in Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 85, No. 1, and volume 87, Nos. 4 and 9. FIELD WORK AT MOUNT WILSON Messrs. Abbot and Aldrich left Washington about June 4, 1932, to conduct experiments on Mount Wilson. They obtained excellent comparisons between water-flow pyrheliometer No. 5 and silver-disk pyrheliometer S. I. 5,:;, during June. These results, it is believed, fix the standard scale of solar radiation to within 0.2 per cent. The expedition was continued through the summer. Its results will be described in next year’s report. FIELD WORK AT MONTEZUMA, CHILE, AND TABLE MOUNTAIN, CALIF. Daily observations of the solar constant of radiation were con- tinued at the two permanent field stations. Unfortunately a great volcanic eruption in southern Chile rendered the atmosphere at Montezuma very hazy. This has prevented obtaining satisfactory measurements of the solar constant since April, 1932, and the daily reports to the United States Weather Bureau and to Science Service were therefore discontinued. A. F. MOORE’S EXPEDITION As stated in last year’s report, Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Moore have been engaged in testing the availability of certain high mountains in Africa as solar-constant stations. Their observations at Fogo in REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65 the Cape Verde Islands and on some half dozen peaks in Southwest Africa revealed nothing sufficiently favorable. All of these stations were too much affected by high-lying haze in the atmosphere to be satisfactory. From Southwest Africa Mr. and Mrs. Moore went to Mount St. Katherine, in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. With the good will and much aid from the archbishop and monks of the monastery near by, Mr. and Mrs. Moore carried on observations for about 100 days in April, May, June, and July, 1932, at the peak, whose elevation is about 8,600 feet. The results are the most favor- able they found anywhere. About half the days are reported as ex- cellent or satisfactory, the remainder as hazy or cloudy. Inquiries indicate that the other parts of the year will be still more favorable. Mr. Moore believes that many of the hazy days might have yielded good solar-constant values, for the haze changes but slowly, owing to the extraordinarily calm conditions which prevail on Mount St. Katherine continually. PERSONNEL At Washington, in compliance with the President’s wishes to make all possible curtailment of expenditures in view of the growing deficit in the Treasury, the force was reduced by releasing Mrs. Muriel D. Johnson, computer, after the completion of Volume V of the Annals. L. O. Sordahl, formerly in charge of the Mount Bruk- karos station and who had rendered able service in that connection, was released because of the discontinuance of that observatory as of June 30, 1932. No other changes occurred at any of the stations. SUMMARY Volume V of the Annals of the Observatory, covering work of the years 1920-1930, has been published. New instruments and results bearing on standards of pyrheliometry have been completed. Solar- constant work was discontinued in Southwest Africa, but continued at the Californian and Chilean stations. The volcanic eruption in southern Chile led to a temporary suspension of publication of daily solar-constant values. Much work was done with the periodometer, a special instrument devised to discover and evaluate periodicities in long series of observations. Mr. and Mrs. Moore continued an expedition in Africa to discover a suitable mountain site for a solar- constant observatory. The most favorable site discovered is Mount St. Katherine in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. C. G. Agsor, Director. The SEcRETARY, - Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- tivities of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during its third year, ending June 30, 1932: FACILITIES, SUPPORT, AND OPERATIONS This division occupies as laboratories a large part of the basement of the original Smithsonian Building, extending from about the northern line of the towers westward but not including the space under the chapel. Besides these quarters, it occupies offices in the north tower from the fifth to the eleventh stories. The work of the division is supported in part by the income of the Smithsonian endowment, but largely by annual grants from the Re- search Corporation of New York, to whom our sincere thanks are due. Besides this aid, cooperative relations exist with the United States Department of Agriculture, and through Doctor Meier, a fellow, with the National Research Council. Several commercial concerns, including the Corning Glass Works, the Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., the Westinghouse Electric Co., and the General Electric Co., have been very helpful. The chief emphasis during the past year has been upon actual experimental work in biophysics. A number of the experiments which were reported as in progress at the end of 1931 have been carried to successful completion, with interesting results. Whereas the first year was largely devoted to building and equipping a labora- tory in the basement of the Smithsonian Institution and the second year to the development of special apparatus for the unusual type of research to be undertaken, the past year has found these under- takings progressed to such a degree that efficient experimental work was possible. Initial experiments have been carried out which lay the foundation for continued investigations which we believe will prove valuable. PHOTOSYNTHESIS The carbon dioxide assimilated by wheat has been measured for light intensities varying from 78 to 1,900 foot-candles and for carbon- dioxide concentrations varying from 0.004 to 0.500 per cent. The 66 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 67 wheat is grown in an all-vitreous tubular container illuminated symmetrically from four sides. The wheat is protected by a sheet of copper-sulphate solution which serves the double purpose of main- taining the temperature and absorbing the excessive infra-red from the artificial sources. Carbon-dioxide concentration was measured by means of a potassium-hydroxide conductivity cell. The chief diffi- culties in this type of measurement have arisen from the high tem- perature coefficient and the polarization of the conductivity cell. _ These have been overcome, respectively, by improved thermostating which holds the solutions to within less than one one-hundredth of % I / of 2 3 4 5 C0, CONCENTRATION ASSIMILATION CURVES FOR WHEAT Figure 1.—Assimilation as a function of concentration for light intensities 400 foot- candles and 950 foot-candles a degree, and the installation of a commutator which reverses the polarity of the conductivity cell without changing the direction of the current through the galvanometer. By this method it has been possible to secure carbon-dioxide measurements which are significant to the order of one one-thousandth of a per cent. Typical curves of assimilation as a function of carbon-dioxide concentration are shown in Figure 1. Each of these curves represents the values for a single light intensity. For a light intensity of 950 foot-candles photosyn- thesis is proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide from 0 to 0.04 per cent. A maximum rate is reached at a concentration of 0.140 per cent. Further increase in concentration up to one-half per cent produces no further change in assimilation, light intensity being the limiting factor for this range. At a lower light intensity 68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 of 400 foot-candles departure from linear proportionality to concen- tration begins at a much lower value, of the order of 0.01 per cent, maximum being reached at approximately 0.10 per cent, after which no further change takes place in the range of experiment. Referring to Figure 2 we see that for a carbon-dioxide concentra- tion of 0.140 per cent the assimilation is proportional to the light intensity for the range from 0 to 1,000 foot-candles. On the other hand, for a concentration of 0.01 per cent a maximum is reached for light intensity of 400 foot-candles, after which further imerease in light intensity produces no change, carbon dioxide being the limit- ing factor. It thus appears that carbon dioxide may be the limiting factor for sufficiently high light intensities, assimilation varying vs -03 140 -036 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 LIGHT INTENSITY ASSIMILATION CURVES FOR WHEAT Ficurn 2.—Assimilation as a function of light intensity for carbon dioxide concentra- tion 0.010, 0.036, 0.140 per cent proportionally to the carbon-dioxide concentration over a consider- able range. On the other hand, for sufficiently high carbon-dioxide concentrations the light intensity may become the limiting factor, assimilation being proportional to the light intensity. There exist, however, well-defined regions over which the assimilation is de- pendent upon both factors. In examining the significance of this transition range, however, it must be borne in mind that ideal condi- tions can not be secured. Not all the chloroplasts can be main- tained in the same radiation density, nor can exactly the same con- centration of carbon dioxide be brought in contact with all the sur- faces of the leaves. Nevertheless, the apparatus has been so designed REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69 as to minimize these difficulties. The fact that the sources of radia- tion are symmetrically placed on all four sides not only reduces the fluctuations of intensity as a function of direction, but, owing to the fact that the leaves are exposed from both sides, reduces to a mini- mum the variation of intensity through the leaf. A method of recir- culation reduces the variation of concentration over the plant to about one-thirtieth part of the difference between the input and the output concentrations. In view of these precautions it does not seem likely that the whole of this transition range can be accounted for by variations in the environment. It is beyond the scope of this report to enter upon a more critical and detailed discussion of these points and the wide | literature bearing upon them. A number of considerations are of particular interest: First, that for an intensity of approximately one-tenth of maximum sunlight the carbon-dioxide concentration of air is the limiting factor. As one goes to lower light intensities, intensity becomes first partially limiting and then wholly limiting, so far as the actual conditions controlling the growth of higher plants are concerned. On the other hand, by the extrapolation of the linear portion of this curve for the range where carbon dioxide is the lim- iting factor, together with the addition of the value a for the transi- tion range, one may arrive at the concentration of carbon dioxide which would be required to give a maximum assimilation for avail- able light intensity. Assuming for such a noonday intensity 7 x our experimental condition of 950 foot-candles one obtains 7X0.069-+-0.081=0.564 per cent. Such an increase in available carbon dioxide would yield an increased assimilation rate amounting at times to tenfold or more. This experiment has been chiefly conducted by Mr. Hoover. Doc- tor Johnston has worked with him upon some of the physiological phases, and Doctor McAlister upon the light-intensity measure- ments. PLANT GROWTH A set of individual plant-growth chambers has been completed which enables one to make comparative observations upon the ef- fects of different wave length distributions of light. The four chambers have been so constructed as to permit of both lateral and overhead illumination. They are controlled by a central circulating system which maintains the same temperature and humidity in the four chambers. Rate of recirculation is maintained constant by flow meters. The same nutrient solution is used throughout. With this complete control of environment one can be assured of the significance of growth effects arising from modifications in light conditions alone. 70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 A first experiment has been conducted by Doctor Johnston with this equipment, which indicates that an excessive intensity in the less refrangible end of the spectrum, that is, the infra-red and extreme red, is accountable for much of the abnormal appearance of plants grown in artificial ight. Further experiments will be con- ducted which will indicate to what degree the long wave length end of the spectrum should be excluded. In the present experiment a portion of the red as well as the infra-red was cut off. Very likely this will not be necessary. A set of color filters of unusually great diameter has been ob- tained through the cooperation of the Corning Glass Works. These present interesting possibilities for the investigation of the effects of light upon plant growth. Figure 3 shows the transmission char- acteristics which we have obtained from these filters. In this dia- gram transmission in per cent is plotted against wave length in microns. This group offers an opportunity to study the effects of 2 sy ee “6 ie 1.0 12 1.4 ué FIGURE 3.—Transmission curves of growth chamber filters different portions of the visible light, since the range of wave lengths which may be supplied to the plants can be varied in con- venient steps. The effects of photochemical reactions which may proceed only for wave lengths shorter than some specified value may be observed from the growth of plants under these various filters. ALGAE Dr. Florence Meier, National Research fellow, cooperating with Doctor McAlister of our laboratory, has conducted an interesting set of experiments on the lethal effects of the ultra-violet upon unicel- lular algae. This work has been made possible through the com- pletion of a special combined spectrometer and self-recording mono- chromator. The instrument is of unusually great aperture as well as dispersive power. Two fused quartz prisms some 15 cm high, yield a large spread of the spectrum, which makes it possible to work with the relatively large slit widths required by the necessarily coarse-structured biological plates which are prepared by forming REPORT OF THE SECRETARY real a surface inoculation of algae upon agar. A special plate holder has been constructed which can be thoroughly sterilized in an auto- clave, and which completely surrounds the algal plate even during exposure, thus insuring freedom from contamination. A thermo- couple is driven across the spectrum and automatically records the intensities of the lines under the same conditions as those to which the algae have been exposed. The algal plates are then photographed and a densitometer record made just as one would with an ordinary photographic spectrum. | | ! | 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 2s00 2600 2700 2800 2900 2500 2600 2700 2300 2900 3000 3100 Ficurp 4.—Mercury are spectrograms: A direct thermocouple record ; B, microphotometer record of photograph; C, microphotometer record of algal plate Figure 4 shows, first, the direct thermocouple record obtained au- tomatically, curve A; second, the microphotometric record of a photo- graphic spectrogram of the same general region, curve B; and third, such a microphotometric record of the algal plate, curve C. 72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932. PHOTOTROPISM Phototropic investigations previously reported have been carried further into the blue end of the spectrum. It has been found that a maximum is reached at 4,500 A., the phototropic response drop- ping off rapidly then as one proceeds to 4,000 A. The results of the investigation at this stage were reported by Doctor Johnston to the American Society of Plant Physiologists at New Orleans in De- cember of this year. Later experiments have indicated that de- partures from a simple curve, rising to a maximum and falling off again, are present. Further research is being carried on in order to determine whether fine structure may be present which would have an interesting bearing upon the theory of phototropism. ULTRA-VIOLET Ultra-violet measurements of the mercury are with the double monochromator previously reported have been carried to the point where absolute intensities can be determined with reasonable cer- tainty. The results of this investigation are in the process of pub- lication by Doctor McAlister. COOPERATION Cooperative work with the Department of Agriculture has been greatly advanced by the appointment to their staff in the Bureau of Plant Industry, under Dr. Walter T. Swingle, of Dr. Lauriston T. Marshall. Doctor Marshall is working closely with this division upon their problems in determining the effects of radiation upon non- competitive crop plants. Doctor Marshall is a physicist with special qualifications in the fields of photoelectricity and electrical conduc- tivity through gases. The division has profited greatly by his asso- ciation, as his experience supplements that of the physicists of the division, whose line of work has been chiefly in spectroscopic fields. Continued cooperation with the Fixed Nitrogen Research Labora- tory has made possible convenient exchange of facilities. Arrange- ments have been made with the Westinghouse Laboratories for the exchange of thermocouples and photocells, which will greatly facili- tate our ultra-violet work. Respectfully submitted. F. S. Bracxert, Chief. Dr. C. G. Apgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 9 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the United States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932: In addition to the regular routine work of the bureau, direct cor- respondence with the former regional bureaus has been carried on in an attempt to resume the actual publication of this unique reference catalogue, whose absence is keenly felt alike by students of science and librarians. To this end the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution addressed the following letter to 30 of the various bodies formerly cooperating in the work: JANUARY 15, 1932. Drar Sim: Since publication of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature was discontinued, its need both to students of science and libraries has become ever more pressing, and the Smithsonian Institution desires to do everything possible to promote reorganization of the enterprise. I am writing to aSk whether your institution will again cooperate in the work by supplying classified references to the current scientific literature of your region if a suffi- cient capital fund can be provided to reestablish and finance the central bureau. If publication is to be resumed, aid from the regional bureaus formerly co- operating is essential to success; therefore I trust that your reply will be favorable, as it is obvious that the value of the work will depend on all regions being suitably represented. I am inclosing with this a brief outline of the proposed organization plans, together with copies of three annual reports of this bureau containing matter relating to same subject. Very truly yours, (Signed ) C. G. Asgor, Secretary. PROPOSED REORGANIZATION OF THE) INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE In 1922 the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature in convention at Brussels directed its executive committee to submit a plan for reorganization when international conditions had sufficiently improved. Since then, however, international political and financial conditions have been such that no reorgani- zation plan has been forthcoming. The need for the catalogue is to-day greater than when publication ceased and nothing has appeared to take its place. The organization, consisting of some 34 regional bureaus, cooperating through the Central Bureau in London, supplied classified-index references for the cata- logue, and this method appears to have been ideal in accomplishing this the 144136—32——6 73 74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 most difficult phase of the work. Moved by the fixed desire to see this. great work resumed, the Smithsonian Institution is now addressing the bodies for- merly cooperating requesting assurances of renewed aid by supplying classified indexes to the scientific literature of their respective regions. The Institution has figures showing that a catalogue consisting of 10,000 pages, divided into 17 annual volumes, can be published to sell at a cost of $50 per year, provided 1,000 subscriptions can be had. The situation is now far simpler than it was when the organization was founded in 1900, for then no precedent existed for such an international co- operative enterprise. Now the successful publication of 238 volumes aggregat- ing some 140,000 pages of the International Catalogue is substantial and con- vincing proof that the original plan was feasible. War and disorganized international conditions alone were responsible for the necessity of suspending publication. Faults existed, but faults mainly brought about by lack of capital and a somewhat slow and expensive method of printing through private con- cerns. It is now proposed to remedy these defects through the ownership of a specially designed and equipped plant to print only the International Catalogue. By this means it is believed that the catalogue can be printed for approxi- mately one-half the original cost and the two main defects formerly existing— high prices and delayed publication—be remedied. It is apparent that in the proposed reorganization it is first necessary to obtain assurance from regional bureaus that the aid formerly given can be depended on again to supply classified references, as in this cooperation lay the outstand- ing and unique value of the whole project. When such assurance is received the next step will be to solicit subscriptions to determine whether editions of 1,000 sets of 17 annual volumes can be sold in order to reduce the price to $50 per set. With these essential requirements satisfactorily met and a concise plan of operations agreed to, it is hoped and expected that the necessary capital to resume publication, estimated at $75,000, can be obtained. Operating details may well be based on the records and regulations of the organization as formerly carried out by the London Central Bureau. Responses to these communications have been most gratifying and encouraging, as 16 of the 18 replies received from organizations addressed have agreed to cooperate again on the terms outlined. For various reasons, owing to social and political changes resulting from the war, successful contacts have not been made in a number of regions; but it is believed that when a definite plan has been agreed to among the bodies already cooperating, all regional gaps can be filled, as the importance of the work is so well recognized that no country or region could afford to be omitted. Respectfully submitted. Lronarp C. GUNNELL, Assistant in Charge. Dr. Cuartes G. Apgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 80, 1932: THE LIBRARY The library of the Smithsonian Institution is really a library sys- tem, for it comprises 45 distinct libraries, namely, the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress, office library, Langley aeronauti- cal library, radiation and organisms library, the libraries of the United States National Museum, Bureau of American Ethnology, Astrophysical Observatory, National Gallery of Art, Freer Gallery of Art, National Zoological Park, and the 35 sectional libraries of the National Museum, which are the daily tools of the curators and their assistants. The system contains somewhat more than 800,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts, as well as many thousands of items still uncatalogued or awaiting completion. THE STAFF At the close of the calendar year Miss Kate Gallaher, under library assistant, after more than 50 years of faithful Government service, most of it in the Smithsonian library, was retired, and her place was filled by the promotion of Miss Virginia C. Whitney, minor library assistant. To the vacancy thus occasioned was ap- pointed Bruce Middleton, a graduate of the University of Rochester, who had had several years of library and clerical experience in the Rochester public library and the United States Census Bureau. The services of Mrs. Grace A. Parler, in the library of the Freer Gallery of Art, were continued. The other temporary employees were Mrs. Daisy Cadle, Miss Frances Finch, Miss Alice Elizabeth Hill, Miss Margaret Link, and Miss Jennette Seiler. EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS In the course of the last year the library received 24,651 packages of one or more publications each, most of them exchanges. Espe- cially large sendings came from the Audubon Association of the Pacific, San Francisco; Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig; Hiro- 75 76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 shima University, Hiroshima; Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barce- lona; Landesmuseums-verein fiir Vorarlberg, Bregenz; Lingnan University, Canton; Magyar Aero Szévetseg, Budapest; Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London; R. Universita, Pavia; and Saalburgmuseum, Homburg vor der Héhe. Among the publications received were 5,340 dissertations, chiefly from foreign universities and technical schools. The correspondence of the library, involving 2,836 letters, or 1,028 more than the previous year, had to do largely, as usual, with the exchange of publications. The number of items obtained to meet special needs in various libraries of the Institution was 4,183, or 5438 more than in 1931, the greatest increase being shown, in those received for the library of the National Museum, where a special effort was made to check the standard sets. GIFTS Three gifts were outstanding—namely, a set, in 45 volumes, of the Phra Tripitaka, recently translated from the Bali into Siamese by the Mahamongkut Academy, from His Majesty the King of Siam in honor of His Majesty the late King Phra Mongkut Klao and for the encouragement of orientalists in their studies of the eastern classics; a set, in 3 volumes, of the translation into Siamese of the Paramatthamanjusa Visuddhi Maggatika (Commentaries on the Visuddhi-Magga), from His Excellency Chao Phya Abbai Raja; and a copy of Cristoforo Colombo—Documenti & prove della sua ap- partenenza a Genova, presented by His Excellency Dino Grandi during his recent visit to Washington as Royal Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs. Two other very important gifts were a copy, in 3 volumes, of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization, edited by Sir John Marshall, from the editor, and one of volumes 19 and 20, with portfolios of plates, of The North American Indian, by Edward S. Curtis, from Mrs. E. H. Harriman—to complete the Smithsonian set of this superb work. Still other gifts included the following: Birds of Tropical West Africa, volume 2, by David Armitage Bannerman, from the Crown Agents for the Colonies; The Crosses and Culture of Ireland, by A. Kingsley Porter, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Faraday and His Metallurgical Researches, by Sir Robert A. Hadfield, from Maj. Gen. George O. Squier; Illustrated Cata- logues of the Gustave Dreyfus Collection (Reliefs and Plaquettes, Medals, Bronzes), 3 volumes, from Sir Joseph Duveen; Lllustra- tions of Japanese Aquatic Plants and Animals, 2 volumes, by the Fisheries Society of Japan, from the society; An Introduction to the Literature of Vertebrate Zoology, edited by Casey A. Wood, from the Blacker Library of Zodlogy, McGill University; Les Oiseaux de REPORT OF THE SECRETARY TOA V’Indochine Francaise, by J. Delacour and P. Jabouille, from J. Dela- cour; and Problems in Modern Physics, by H. A. Lorentz, from Robert A. Millikan. The largest miscellaneous gifts were 31 publi- cations from Miss Margaret Miller, 37 from Dr. Adam G. Bégving, 58 from the American Association of Museums, 70 from Mrs. Jean L. G. Ferris, 144 from the Library of Congress, 454 from Hamilton College, 615 from William Perry Hay, and 650 from the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Several hundred also came, as usual, from Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. The members and associates of the Institution who gave publica- tions to the library were as follows: Secretary Abbot, Assistant Sec- retary Wetmore, Dr. R. S. Bassler, Dr. Marcus Benjamin, A. N. Caudell, A. H. Clark, W. L. Corbin, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Miss Kate Gallaher, A. H. Howell, Dr. AleS Hrdlitka, Neil M. Judd, Dr. W. R. Maxon, G. S. Miller, jr., C. W. Mitman, A. J. Olmsted, W. de C. Ravenel, J. H. Riley, and Dr. William Schaus. From the late Dr. Charles W. Richmond also were received 100 or more vol- umes and pamphlets, not a few of which were rare works on natural history. THE SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT The Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress is the largest and most important member of the Smithsonian library system; it consists chiefly of the reports, transactions, and proceedings of learned societies and institutions, and of scientific and technical monographs and journals. The collection numbers considerably more than 500,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. It is shelved mainly in the Smithsonian and periodical divisions. During the year just closed the Institution added to the deposit 2,872 volumes, 11,712 parts of volumes, 2,883 pamphlets, and 180 charts—a total of 17,647 pub- lications. These included 3,436 dissertations. They also included 2.445 publications which the Smithsonian library obtained by ex- change in response to special requests from the Smithsonian, peri- odical, and order divisions of the Library of Congress. Several thousand documents of foreign governments were sent to the docu- ments division of the Library. NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY The library of the United States National Museum is one of the principal units in the Smithsonian library system. In its 2 major and 85 minor collections—chiefly on natural history and technol- ogy—there are 82,144 volumes and 109,962 pamphlets. The year just closed was one of unusual accomplishment. The accessions were 2,737 volumes and 833 pamphlets, a gain of 210 over the previous year. The number of periodicals entered was 9,025, or 226 more than in 1931. The cataloguing and recataloguing covered 2,236 volumes, 78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 1,006 pamphlets, and 17 charts—an increase of 818 over the year before. The number of cards added to the catalogue was 12,055, or 862 more than in 1931; the number added to the Museum shelf lists, 1,244; and the number prepared for the union shelf list in the Smith- sonian Building, 1,741. The items sent to the 35 sectional libraries numbered 5,726 volumes and parts. The number of volumes sent to the bindery was 1,480. The Smithsonian library obtained in ex- change for the Museum 1.377 volumes and parts that were lacking in its sets, 287 more than in 1931. The loans during the year to the staff of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches totaled 9,096 publications, or 1,875 more than in 1931. Two-thirds of these were made at the loan desk in the Natural History Building and one- third at the recently established loan desk in the Arts and Industries Building. The number of publications borrowed from the Library of Congress was 2,662, and elsewhere 477; the number sent back to the Library of Congress was 2,800, and to other libraries 532. These figures show a considerable increase over those for 1931. Loans were made to many libraries in Washington and to some out- side. The questions answered by the reference assistants were even more numerous and difficult than usual, some involving a great deal of research. Most came from the scientific staff and the public in general, but many from visiting scientists from various parts of the country. Increased attention was given by the catalogue division to the analysis of standard sets, with a view to making the catalogue as complete a key as possible to these publications. The sectional libraries were somewhat changed during the year. Those of mechanical technology and mineral technology became that of engineering, those of American archeology and Old World arche- ology that of archeology, and a sectional library of agricultural his- tory was begun. These libraries, now 35 in number, are as follows: Administration. Invertebrate paleontology. Administrative assistant’s office. Mammals. © Agricultural history. : Marine invertebrates. Anthropology. Medicine. Archeology. Minerals. Biology. Mollusks. Birds. Organic chemistry. Botany. Paleobotany. Hchinoderms. Photography. Editor’s office. Physical anthropology. Engineering. Property clerk’s office. Ethnology. Reptiles and batrachians. Fishes. Superintendent’s office. Foods. Taxidermy. Geology. Textiles. Graphic arts. Vertebrate paleontology. History. Wood technology. Insects. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 79 OFFICE LIBRARY The office library consists mainly of books of reference and sets of the publications of the Institution and its bureaus and of other learned institutions and societies. It also contains a collection of general literature, including files of semipopular magazines. To this library were added during the last year 182 volumes and 47 pamphlets. The assistants in charge entered 2,889 periodicals, pre- pared 477 cards for the catalogue, filed 1,938 shelf-list and cata- logue cards, and loaned 3,070 publications. Besides members of the staff, there were 644 visitors, many of whom came for information about the activities and collections of the Institution. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY LIBRARY The library of the Bureau of American Ethnology is made up largely of works on the archeology, history, customs, languages, and general culture of the early American peoples, notably the North American Indian. The library has 30,071 volumes and 16,867 pamphlets, together with thousands of unbound periodicals and numerous photographs, manuscripts, and Indian vocabularies. The additions during the year were 400 volumes and 150 pamphlets. The number of periodicals entered was 3,400; of cards prepared for the catalogue, 5,004; of volumes bound, 200; and of loans made, 2,156. The reference service of the library was unusually large, both to Smithsonian scientists and to students and others outside the Insti- tution. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY The library of the Astrophysical Observatory is a working collec- tion of 4,857 volumes and 3,467 pamphlets, chiefly on astrophysics and meteorology. The accessions for the year were 169 volumes and 275 pamphlets. The number of periodicals entered was 951, and of publications obtained in exchange by special request 84. The loans were 106. RADIATION AND ORGANISMS LIBRARY The library of radiation and organisms, begun in 1929, was in- creased during the year by 96 volumes. Among these was almost a complete set of Science, which was made up largely from duplicates already in the possession of the Institution. The number of publi- cations received in exchange in response to special requests was 48. The periodicals entered were 658. The library now has 190 volumes, 9 pamphlets, and 6 charts. 80 ANNUAL REPORT’ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 LANGLEY AERONAUTICAL LIBRARY The Langley aeronautical library, which for the most part has been on deposit since 1930, under its own name and bookplate, in the aeronautical division of the Library of Congress, was collected chiefly by Secretary Langley of the Smithsonian while he was carry- ing on his well-known experiments and researches in aeronautics. Some of the more important items were once the property of other aeronautical pioneers, especially Alexander Graham Bell, Octave Chanute, and James Means. The collection has files of the early aeronautical magazines and many photographs, letters, and news- paper clippings. It numbers 1,908 volumes and 1,086 pamphlets. The library was increased during the year by 52 volumes, 623 parts of volumes, and 30 pamphlets. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY The library of the National Gallery of Art is a carefully selected collection of 1,334 volumes and 1,416 pamphlets, mainly on American and European art. In 1932 it was increased by 91 volumes and 84 pamphlets. Among the accessions were Enciclopedia Italiana, Volumes I-XIII; Die Propylien-kunstgeschichte, Volumes I-XV; and Life Portraits of George Washington, by John Hill Morgan and Mantle Fielding. The periodicals entered were 387. As usual, most of the routine work was done by the general library staff. FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY The library of the Freer Gallery of Art consists chiefly of publi- cations on the arts and cultures of the Far East, India, Persia, and the nearer East. Many of these, some of which are very rare, are not to be found elsewhere in Washington. The collection also has numerous works on some of the American painters, notably James McNeill Whistler, and on the famous Washington manuscripts of the Bible. The additions to the main collection during 1932 were 254 volumes and 163 pamphlets. At the close of the year it num- bered 4,677 volumes and 8,311 pamphlets, while the special collection used by the field staff in connection with the gallery’s archeological work contained approximately 800 volumes and 500 pamphlets. The number of volumes bound was 21. The work of reclassifying and recataloguing the library was completed, except for various publi- cations in Japanese and Chinese. The catalogue and shelf list were increased by 3,507 cards, and 2,666 cards were prepared for filing in the union catalogue at the Smithsonian Institution. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 81 NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY The library of the National Zoological Park numbers 1,221 vol- umes and 410 pamphlets; the additions in 1932 were 4 volumes and 3 pamphlets. . SUMMARY OF ACCESSIONS The accessions for the year may be summarized as follows: : Pam- Library Volumes} phlets Total and charts AStropinysicali@pservatory 2i-2- £2220 soos oe eon cee ee eee 169 275 444 Bureau of American Ethnology_-_...-.._---_----------------------------- 400 150 550 HTrecMGAllenyOMPAT eee ene ee use. SR NOR Tl eed 254 163 417 iancleyaneronautical: 22) are tee eS pe rere ee Yaa 52 30 82 NpiionalGallenyaoteArt oss s bel eee Rates See eae 91 84 175 National Zoological Parks) 2.222223 _. 9 seats beck ai 2ke 4 3 ia RACianionandsOrranisms. 2) a Fels eet ye Pe ee ol ee 96 0 96 Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congress___.__.___.._..------------------ 2, 872 3, 063 5, 935 AS TOUT FG OMAUS TON IOC ESS Ne UL I et Ia ES ae ee Re eA rae 132 47 179 United States National Museum__________-_-_____-____2. ieee 2, 737 833, 3, 570 UO eee aeeneee ee 3) pins oye eel es Dh ree Bree 6, 807 4, 648 11, 455 On June 30, 1932, the Smithsonian library system contained ap- _ proximately the following: RYOTE sen tone Reet ee whet. eine OL Ol EA a te OS See Ae See 584, 864 TAN Cust s et ieee te ee PSG. a ie Oe Poe 196, 945 Chieti cpa aa hre nie aber Were te i ee deel tel ae Se a 26, 526 ZING) 1s 31] ee nC me rere 0 Se. Sete ee ep SS ee 808, 335 The system also had many thousands of volumes still uncata- logued or incomplete. UNION CATALOGUE In addition to cataloguing the current items as they came in, the staff made considerable progress in recataloguing the botanical col- lection of the National Museum, and almost finished the reclassify- ing and recataloguing of the library of the Freer Gallery of Art. The following statistics will show the work on the union catalogue and shelf list: AV CrlMTTN eS Cal tall OSU CC aan oui ee eat ee ere Slee ee eee Be 1 eee 4, 922 WOlTIMES NCC LALOR OC eees a aa sees GES LIOR eres EM Rd NE PE Ae 13 Pamphlets catalogueds 222. 4 GQreh LBS DALAT ery ei ee SE Fe Zalos Pamphlets recatalogueds 22 = <= 2 Se he a a ee oe ee 3 Charts: cataloged —— 2a ea a Se ee Se 197 Typed cards added to catalogue and shelf list-________________________ 9, 848 Library of Congress cards added to catalogue and shelf list____________ 13, 208 Museum, cards copied for union shelf list_-___——=_—_ =e 1, 741 Freer cards prepared for union catalogue and shelf list, to be added 82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 SPECIAL ACTIVITIES Still further progress was made during the year in putting the scientific duplicates in the west stacks in order. The shelves of the botanical library were completely rearranged. About 50 sacks of the publications of the Institution and its branches, which had been returned as duplicates from various libraries throughout the country, were opened and their items examined and grouped. As a result, thousands of publications were sent back to stock for redis- tribution, and nearly 250 that were out of print were found for the sets that the library system has been trying for many years to complete. Duplicates were exchanged with several institutions, and many publications not needed by the Smithsonian or its bureaus were turned over to other Government libraries. The librarian lectured several times in Washington and Balti- more on Washington the Man of Books and Patron of American Letters. In the course of his remarks he called attention to two matters of especial interest to the Smithsonian Institution. One was the gift of a set of Histoire Generale des Voyages, in 20 volumes, from the Marquis de Rochambeau to Washington, which on its way to the United States was captured on the high seas by a British cruiser and taken to England. It was later found in a London book shop by Prof. George Brown Goode, then Assistant Secretary of the Institution, brought to America, and presented to Mount Vernon, where it now reposes in Washington’s library. The other was a letter that Washington wrote to Jonathan Edwards on August 28, 1788, thanking him for a copy of his recent book entitled “Observations on the Language of the Muhhekaneew Indians.” In this letter Washington said: “I have long regretted that so many Tribes of the American Aborigines should have become almost or entirely extinct, without leaving such vestiges, as that the genius and idiom of their language might be traced. Perhaps, from such sources, the descent or kindred of nations, whose origins are lost in remote antiquity or illiterate darkness, might be more rationally investigated, than in any other mode.” Thus the many-sided Wash- ington showed himself one of the first men in our country to realize the great importance of the preservation and study of the languages of the North American Indians as a means of tracing the history of these early people. IMPORTANT BEGINNINGS Toward the close of the year a beginning was made in reorganiz- ing the order division of the library with a view to developing a more modern and efficient procedure and one more closely related to that in the other divisions. Plans were also worked out for making a file of the library’s exchange relations, to the end of having imme- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 83 diately at hand for the use of the periodical division, especially the correspondence section, full data pertaining to the library’s ex- changes and of facilitating the more frequent revision of its exchange lists in keeping with the needs of stricter economy. And, perhaps most important of all, arrangements were completed for preparing an index to the publications of the Smithsonian Institu- tion, National Museum, Astrophysical Observatory, and Bureau of American Ethnology. This will be a dictionary index and will at first be on Library of Congress cards. Cards for all the publications, except volumes 1 to 36 of the Proceedings of the National Museum, are already available, and the Smithsonian. library staff will soon set about supplying manuscript to the Library of Congress for the printing of cards for these volumes. It is hoped that if some day the Institution is in position to publish the index, the material for it will be ready. The need for such an index is, of course, apparent to everyone. Respectfully submitted. Wiiiiam L. Corsin, Librarian. Dr. Caries G. Agsort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 11 REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publications of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the year ending June 30, 1932: } As announced last year, the three editorial offices formerly existing under the Institution have been consolidated into one central office under the general direction of the editor of the Smithsonian. This arrangement has proved to be very satisfactory; it has produced a more uniform style and greater accuracy in the different series pub- lished by the Institution, has speeded up the appearance of the publications, and has centralized the business operations connected with the Institution’s editorial work. PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR The Institution proper published during the year 17 papers in the series of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 annual report and pamphlet copies of the 29 articles contained in the report appendix, Volume V of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, and 3 special publications. The United States National Museum issued 1 annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings, 5 complete bulletins, 3 parts of bulletins, 1 paper in the series Contributions from the National Herbarium, and 53 separates from the proceedings. The Bureau of American Ethnology published 7 bulletins. Of these publications, there were distributed 204,240 copies, which included 118 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contribu- tions to Knowledge, 44,057 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian - Miscellaneous Collections, 30,560 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Annual Reports, 6,061 Smithsonian special publica- tions, 101,975 volumes and separates of the various series of the National Museum publications, 22,867 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 49 publications of the National Gallery of Art, 70 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, 1,041 volumes of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 50 reports of the Harri- man Alaska Expedition, and 699 reports of the American Historical Association. 84 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 82, 1 paper and title-page and table of contents were issued; volume 85, 8 papers and addendum to number 4; volume 86, whole volume; and volume 87, 7 papers, making 17 papers in all, as follows: VOLUME 82 No. 11. Recently dated Pueblo ruins in Arizona, by Hmil W. Haury and Lyndon lL. Hargrave. 120 pp., 27 pls., 35 text figs. (Publ. 3069.) August 18, 1931. Title-page and table of contents. (Publ. 3132.) VOLUME 85 No. 4. Mexican mosses collected by Brother Arséne Brouard—III, by I. Thé- riot. 44 p., 22 text figs. (Publ. 3122.) August 25, 1931. Addendum. Index to papers by I. Thériot on Mexican mosses collected by Brother Arséne Brouard published by the Smithsonian Institution. No. 5. Infra-red absorption bands of hydrogen cyanide in gas and liquid, by F. §S. Brackett and Urner Liddel. 8 pp., 5 figs. (Publ. 3123.) August 5, 1931. No. 6. Morphology of the insect abdomen. Part I. General structure of the abdomen and its appendages, by R. H. Snodgrass. 128 pp., 46 text figs. (Publ. 3124.) November 6, 1931. No. 7. Effectiveness in nature of the so-called protective adaptations in the animal kingdom, chiefly as illustrated by the food habits of Nearctic birds, by W. L. McAtee. 201 pp. (Publ. 3125.) March 15, 1932. No. 8. Modern square grounds of the Creek Indians, by John R. Swanton. 46 pp., 5 pls., 15 text figs. (Publ. 3126.) November 11, 1931. No. 9. The determination of ozone by spectrobolometric measurements, by Oliver R. Wulf. 12 pp., 3 pls., 5 text figs. (Publ. 3127.) November 30, 1931. No. 10. Human hair and primate patterning, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 18 pp., 5 pls. (Publ. 3130.) December 19, 1931. No. 11. Supplementary notes on body radiation, by L. B. Aldrich. 12 pp., 5 text figs. (Publ. 3133.) February 2, 1932. VOLUME 86 (Whole volume.) Smithsonian Meteorological Tables. Fifth revised edition. 282 pp., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3116.) January 11, 1931. VOLUME 87 No. 1. The botanical collections of William Lobb in Colombia, by Ellsworth P. Killip. 13 pp. (Publ. 3133.) February 4, 1932. No. 2. A Miocene long-beaked porpoise from California, by Remington Kel- logg. 11 pp.,4 pls. (Publ. 3135.) January 22, 1932. No. 3. Seth Eastman: The master painter of the North American Indian, by David I. Bushnell, jr. 18 pp., 15 pls., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3186.) April 11, 1982. No. 4. The periodometer: An instrument for finding and evaluating periodici- ties in long series of observations, by C.G. Abbot. 6 pp.,1pl., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3138.) February 6, 1932. _No. 5. The narrative of a southern Cheyenne woman, by Truman Michelson. 13 pp. (Publ. 3140.) March 21, 1932. 86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 No. 6. Composition of the Caddoan linguistic stock, by Alexander Lesser and Gene Weltfish. 15 pp. (Publ. 3141.) May 14, 1932. No. 8. Graphic correlation of radiation and biological data, by F. S. Brackett. Tpp. (Publ. 3170.) May 17, 1982. No. 9. Periodicity in solar variation, by C. G. Abbot and Gladys T. Bond. 14 pp., 2 pls., 8 text figs. (Publ. 3172.) May 24, 1932. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORT Report for 1930.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1930 was received from the Public Printer in December, 1931. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution show- ing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 1930. xii+650 pp., 191 pls., 57 text figs. (Publ. 3077.) The appendix contained the following papers: Beyond the red in the spectrum, by H. D. Babcock. Growth in our knowledge of the sun, by Charles H. St. John. The modern sun cult, by J. W. Sturmer. The moon and radioactivity, by V. S. Forbes. Modern concepts in physics and their relation to chemistry, by Irving Langmuir. Waves and corpuscles in modern physics, by Louis de Broglie. New researches on the effect of light waves on the growth of plants, by F. S. Brackett and Earl S. Johnston. The Autogiro: Its characteristics and accomplishments, by Harold F. Pitcairn. Ten years’ gliding and soaring in Germany, by Prof. Dr. Walter Georgii. The first rains and their geological significance, by Assar Hadding. Weather and glaciation, by Chester A. Reeds. : Wild life protection: An urgent problem, by Ernest P. Walker. The nesting habits of Wagler’s Oropendola on Barro Colorado Island, by Frank M. Chapman. The rise of applied entomology in the United States, by L. O. Howard. Man and insects, by L. O. Howard. The use of fish poisons in South America, by Ellsworth P. Killip and Albert C. Smith. A rare parasitic food plant of the Southwest, by Frank A. Thackery and M. French Gilman. The mechanism of organic evolution, by Charles B. Davenport. Extra chromosomes, a source of variations in the Jimson Weed, by Albert F. Blakeslee. The age of the human race in the light of geology, by Stephen Richarz. Elements of the culture of the circumpolar zone, by W. G. Bogoras. The Tell en-Nasbeh Excavations of 1929—a preliminary report, by William Frederic Badé. Recent progress in the field of Old World prehistory, by George Grant Mac- Curdy. Ancient seating furniture in the collections of the United States National Museum, by Walter Hough. Aspects of aboriginal decorative art in America based on specimens in the United States National Museum, by Herbert W. Krieger. The acclimatization of the white race in the Tropics, by Robert De C. Ward. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 87 The eighth wonder: The Holland Vehicular Tunnel, by Carl C. Gray and H. F. Hagen. Jesse Walter Fewkes, by John R. Swanton and F. H. H. Roberts, jr. George Perkins Merrill, by Charles Schuchert. Report for 1931.—The report of the executive committee and pro- ceedings of the Board of Regents of the Institution and the report of the Secretary, both forming parts of the annual report of the Board of Regents to Congress, were issued in December, 1931. Report of the executive committee and proceedings of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1931. 12 pp. (Publ. 3129.) Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1931. 159 pp., 2 pls., 9 text figs. (Publ. 3128.) The Report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press at the close of the year. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY PUBLICATIONS Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, Vol. V, by C. G. Abbot, L. B. Aldrich, and F. E. Fowle. 295 pp., 9 pls., 33 text figs. (Publ. 3121.) April 20, 1932. FREER GALLERY OF ART PUBLICATIONS The Freer Gallery of Art. 5 pp. (Fourth printing.) August 6, 1932. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Explorations and field work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1931. 190 pp., 182 figs. (Publ. 3134.) April 21, 1932. Handbook of the National Aircraft Collection exhibited in the United States National Museum under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, by Paul Edward Garber. Fourth edition. 32 pp., 38 illustrations. (Publ. 3139.) April 5, 1932. Smithsonian Mathematical Tables—Hyperbolic Functions. Prepared by George F. Becker and C. E. Van Orstrand. Fourth reprint. 321 pp. (Publ. 1871.) October 23, 1931. PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser. There were issued 1 annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings. 5 com- plete bulletins, 3 parts of bulletins, 1 paper in the series Contribu- tions from the National Herbarium, and 53 separates from the proceedings. The issues of the bulletin were as follows: Bulletin 100, vol. 2. Papers on collections gathered by the Albatross Philippine expedition, 1907-1910. Bulletin 104. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 8. Rotaliidae, Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Cymbaloporettidae, Globorotaliidae, Anoma- linidae, Planorbulinidae, Rupertiidae, and Homotremidae, by Joseph Augus- tine Cushman. Bulletin 156. Aboriginal Indian pottery of the Dominican Republic, by Herbert W. Krieger. 88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932 Bulletin 157. The butterflies of the District of Columbia and vicinity, by Austin H, Clark. Bulletin 159. The birds of the Natuna Islands, by Harry C. Oberholser. Bulletin 160. Mexican tailless amphibians in the United States National Mu- seum, by Remington Kellogg. Bulletin 161. The Foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Alba- tross, 1899-1900. Part 1.—Astrorhizidae to Trochamminidae, by Joseph A. Cushman. Bulletin 162. Life histories of North American Gallinaceous birds. Orders Galliformes and Columbiformes, by Arthur Cleveland Bent. The following paper was issued in the series Contributions from the National Herbarium: Volume 28, Part 2. The American species of Thibaudieae, by Albert C. Smith. Of the separates from the proceedings, 28 were from volume 79, 21 from volume 80, and 4 from volume 81. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The editorial work of the bureau has continued under the imme- diate direction of the editor, Stanley Searles. During the year seven bulletins were issued, as follows: Bulletin 94. Tobacco among the Karuk Indians of California (Harrington). Xxxvi+284 pp., 26 pls., 3 figs. Bulletin 98. Tales of the Cochiti Indians (Benedict). x-+256 pp. Bulletin 102. Menominee music (Densmore). xxii+230 pp., 27 pls., 3 figs. Bulletin 103. Source material for the social and ceremonial life of the Choctaw Indians (Swanton). vii+282 pp., 6 pls., 1 fig. Bulletin 104. A survey of prehistoric sites in the region of Flagstaff, Arizona (Colton). vii+68 pp., 10 pls., 1 fig. Bulletin 105. Notes on the Fox Wéapanowiweni (Michelson). v+195 pp. 1 fig. Bulletin 107. Karuk Indian myths (Harrington). v+84 pp. REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The annual reports of the American Historical Association are transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided by the act of incorporation of the association. The annual report for 1930, volume 1, and the supplemental volume to the report for 1928 were issued during the year. The annual reports for 1930, volumes 3 and 4, and 1931, volume 1, and the supplemental volume to the report for 1929 were in press at the close of the year. REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The manuscript of the Thirty-fourth Annual Report of the Na- tional Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans- mitted to Congress, in accordance with law, November 9, 1931. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 89 ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian report to Congress and the various publications of the Government bureaus under the administration of the Institution were virtually used up at the close of the year. The appropriation for the coming year ending June 30, 1933, totals $60,000, allotted as follows: Annual report to the Congress of the Board of Regents of the Smith- SS CNAIN ATMS A'S oa Ee tak OTM ec eR INE sae A ea $8, 850 AISUfested CURA N ToT SUTIN ee) EN SN AP IN eI 23, 250 BireanuroreAmerican Mthnologys202 32 Ue ses aes eee be eae ee 14, 500 ene Ney Ota Ade ee 100 Top dpaiiceenteivonmenTl TDR eNR akeees SUM ie ML ea AL SPO De EE 100 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_________--_--_____-____-- 50 PIA acoso Me A OL CEA hep a eh OE a 150 ASPopiMysical j\Observatotys. i225 eee ol ee ee 1, 000 Annual report of the American Historical Association____-___________-_ 12, 000 Respectfully submitted. W. P. True, Hditor. Dr. Cuartes G. AxBsor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 144136—32——7 C : aR ie Ouse nhs 10% praia (eeetecOeseti me. af ve het AES: f ght # Pesmbrta bay hersanteoedt?: 52508 Pe caine bio eter ao tae git Dawe nit Wildadtir sive Keatiivend: of) agiaaTy: CY 5 ni f Bitsy Eh es as Pipers a ay @ bi Age 153 2e. as -vin oflat ag Hotfotts SOO. Pabe etoies "POUE Bi Haat Biff ain SPRAe FS “eet "She ty = pay oeP See aes Ss eee “sca Dik? : “ie -# cn oe Cae ~e 4 SB Ver tenis HA He A 11 ; : son ; f at! Se La ea E, SPR. 20 omelet ; re vee PARR SE 7 int te et Hf. eS ac Aer Ne ‘ Osea i ; Rictiion oes Tuselht oedivesea af * ry 1 - — APU St HE : ; : a ‘ LY: ; “ A Aoki oe india ye i NOME a Fa TS Tt a SP Le eA EY) tie. : ’ “st yphsoketen b ae sah uae ‘e f * - - * \ r * Bias <— ‘y \ tai , “4 7% OF ey ae sive tik pe aes Sea scene peas 7 Pigs “ ayer peeks ee ere ve “eh a - A Xi mith er Aid Ae wh hye: As Fx han A eS a aces