Division of Fishes;
U. S, Wafiaral WuReuM

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
- OF THE SMITHSONIAN
_. INSTITUTION
| AND a
_ FINANCIAL REPORT OF
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE ater OF REGENTS

1940.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
_ ~ WASHINGTON; D. C.

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION

FINANCIAL REPORT OF
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS

FOR THE

YEAR ENDED JUNE 30
1940

(Publication 3600)

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1940

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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - - - Price 25 cents

CONTENTS

Page
DSHS COMRSOVO SGT NSE BARR OAR ae Sb A Da RR TOR a Eh 0) 0
hn G ster GLI Fe We ING Sie eso at a ae a ee aT ne Loe Pe Tt
Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution_-___-__ Z
Minerestablishment mee tie cae Smee A Beets a ROS Ranerben 5 Cte ie eee 8:
ITC ROLLY Ol eELe PEM Gsm ana ayer Ne ee Dh Oh Pie Sol mee Ee LVS eI Sed ro
VIMO SIS at St aI UR is eh i RS 8 ee US PR UREN a 9
Mactenrsnomecneraleimterest =” Meni Meet Ue pk oe Le ee 9
SharthsouvaneadiO;, Progra miler shea enya sear ee Ds Se ee 9
Anthropological publication in honor of John R. Swanton’s fortieth
Veamawit mc he Tn stitiuitt ora Se — 2s rite eRe DUDS UND aye Sa een 11
Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship____________________- 12
Sithsoman mamnehalivexiuoi( sa s= meee ee ae ee 13
Nit aeAmtinumlectune! so eter Se rwely SRO Sy sore eS Bybee 13
Witherspoon bequest aie em wie 4 in eee Deel EN Ue ee oy le es 14
iP xplocations and tteldiworken ais 5 sommes UTR ye Cae ea 15
EOD TCA CLOMIS seen tote MLE Petia ok ie eae OS Sa 16
HALO RRNT AS SUA AB APS SAY irr OS A WR mah SHO SD) Le eee cae 17
Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum______-____- 18
2. Report on the National Gallery of Art____________________ 31
3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts___________- 38
4. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art__.___-______2_____=__- 43
5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology____________- 49
6. Report on the International Exchange Service_____________ 59
7. Report on the National Zoological Park__________-______- 70
8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory. ___.___________- 85
9. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms__----_-__- 90
lOweRepontronrthedliloranys eee ee iy ee 95
AM Repontomspublicationss seis gol oe ys ee 102
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents______-___-_- 109

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THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
June 30, 1940

Presiding officer ex officio.—FRANKLIN PD. RoosnvEeLT, President of the United
States.
Chancellor.—CHARLES EvANS HucHEs, Chief Justice of the United States.
Members of the Institution:
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States.
JOHN N. Garner, Vice President of the United States.
CuarLes Evans Huaues, Chief Justice of the United States.
CorDELL HULL, Secretary of State.
Henry MorGentHan, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury.
Henry HINES WooprIne, Secretary of War.
Rosrert H. JAcKSon, Attorney General.
JAMES A. FARLEY, Postmaster General.
CHARLES EDISON, Secretary of the Navy.
Harotp L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior.
Henry A. WALLACE, Secretary of Agriculture.
Harry Lioyp Hopxins, Secretary of Commerce.
FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary of Labor.
Regents of the Institution:
CHARLES Hvans Hueues, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor.
JOHN N. GARNER, Vice President of the United States.
CHARLES L. McNary, Member of the Senate.
ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Member of the Senate.
BENNETT CHAMP CLARK, Member of the Senate.
CHARLES L. GirrorD, Member of the House of Representatives
CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives.
Witu1AM P. Cots, Jr., Member of the House of Representatives.
FREDERIC A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C.
R. Watton Moore, citizen of Virginia.
RoLAND S. Morris, citizen of Pennsylvania.
Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey.
ArtTHur H. Compton, citizen of Illinois.
VANNEVAR BusH, citizen of Washington, D. C.
Hzecutive commititee—FREpERIC A. DELANO, R. WALTON Moore.
Secretary. CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant Secretary— ALEXANDER WETMORE.
Administrative assistant to the Secretary. Harry W. Dorsey.
Treasurer.—NicHOLAS W. Dorsey.
Chief, Editorial Division.—WEESTER P. TRUE.
Tibrarian.—Witiiam L. Corgin.
Personnel officer—HELEN A. OLMSTED.
Property clerk.—JAMES H. Hirt.

VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Keeper ex officio—CHARLES G. ABBOT,
Assistant Secretary (in charge)—ALEXANDER WETMORE.
Associate director.—JOoHN EH. GRAF.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY :
Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, chief preparator.

Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; Arthur P. Rice, collab-
orator.

Section of Ceramics: Samuel W. Woodhouse, collaborator.

Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; Waldo R. Wedel, assistant
curator; R. G. Paine, senior scientific aid; J. Townsend Russell, honorary
assistant curator of Old World archeology.

Division of Physical Anthropology: AleS Hrdlitka, curator; T. Dale
Stewart, associate curator.

Collaborators in anthropology: George Grant MacCurdy; D. I. Bush-
nell, Jr.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY:
Leonhard Stejneger, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist ;
Aime M. Awl, illustrator.

Division of Mammals: Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr., curator; Remington Kellogg,
assistant curator; H. Harold Shamel, senior scientific aid; A. Brazier
Howell, collaborator.

Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; J. H. Riley, associate cura-
tor; H. G. Deignan, assistant curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian
of alcoholic and skeleton collections; Casey A. Wood, collaborator ;
Arthur C. Bent, collaborator.

Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leonhard Stejneger, curator; Doris
M. Cochran, assistant curator.

Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; E. D. Reid, senior scientific
aid.

Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; Edward A. Chapin,
curator; William Schaus, honorary assistant curator.

Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist-
ant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian.

Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian.

Section of Diptera: Charles T, Greene, assistant custodian.

Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection.

Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator.

Section of Hemiptera: W. L. McAtee, acting custodian.

Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian.

Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; C. R. Shoe-
maker, assistant curator; James O. Maloney, aid; Mrs. Harriet Rich-
ardson Searle, collaborator; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; J. Percy Moore,
collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in Foraminifera ; Charles
Branch Wilson, collaborator in Copepoda.

Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, assistant
curator; Joseph P. E. Morrison, senior scientific aid.

Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, collab-
orator.

Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY VII

DEPARTMENT OF BrloLocy—Continued.

Division of Plants (National Herbarium): W. R. Maxon, curator; Hlls-
worth P. Killip, associate curator; Hmery C. Leonard, assistant curator ;
Conrad V. Morton, assistant curator; Egbert H. Walker, aid; John A.
Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collection.

Section of Grasses: Agnes Chase, custodian.

Section of Cryptogamie Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator.
Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian.

Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian.

Section of Diatoms: Paul S. Conger, custodian.

Associates in Zoology: ©. Hart Merriam, Mary J. Rathbun, C. W. Stiles,
Theodore S. Palmer, William B. Marshall, A. G. Boving.

Associate Curator in Zoology: Hugh M. Smith.

Associate in Marine Sediments: T. Wayland Vaughan.

Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark.

Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY :
R. S. Bassler, head curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid.

Division of Physical and Chemical Geology (systematic and applied) :
W. F. Foshag, curator; Edward P. Henderson, assistant curator; Bertel

O. Reberholt, senior scientific aid.

Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, curator; Frank L.
Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths.

Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology: Charles H. Resser, curator; Gustav
A. Cooper, assistant curator; Marion F. Willoughby, senior scientific aid ;
Margaret W. Moodey, aid for Springer collection.

Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of
Mesozoic collection; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection.

Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; C. Lewis
Gazin, assistant curator; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator.

Associates in Mineralogy: W. TI. Schaller, S. H. Perry.

Associate in Paleontology: E. O. Ulrich.

Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES:
Carl W. Mitman, head curator.

Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, curator.

Section of Transportation and Civil Hngineering: Frank A. Taylor,
in charge.

Section of Aeronautics: Paul H. Garber, assistant curator.

Section of Mechanical Pngineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.

Section of Electrical Engineering and Communications: Frank A.
Taylor, in charge.

Section of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering: Carl W. Mitman,
in charge.

Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank T. Taylor, in
charge.

Section of Tools: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.

Division of Orafts and Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Eliza-
beth W. Rosson, senior scientific aid.

Section of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge.

Section of Woods and Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, assist-
ant curator.

Section of Chemical Industries: Wallace EH. Dunean, assistant curator.

Section of Agricultural Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge.

VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES—Continued.
Division of Medicine and Public Health: Charles Whitebread, associate
curator.
Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator.
Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, assistant curator.
Division oF History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, assistant curator ;
Catherine L. Manning, philatelist.

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Chief of correspondence and documents.—H. S. BRYANT.

Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L. HK. COMMERFORD.
Superintendent of buildings and labor.—R. H. TREMBLY.

Assistant superintendent of buildings and labor—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR.
Hditor.—PavuL H. OFHSER.

Engineer.—C. R. DENMARK.

Accountant and auditor—N. W. Dorsey.

Photographer.—A. J. OLMSTED.

Property clerk.—LAWRENCE L. OLIVER.

Assistant librarian.—Leia F. CLARK.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
Trustees:

THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE SECRETARY OF STATE.
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.
THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
Davip K. EH. Bruce.
DUNCAN PHILLIPS.
FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN.
SAMUEL H. Kress.
JOSEPH EH). WIDENER.
President.—Davip K. E. Bruce.
Vice President.—FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN.
Secretary and treaswrer.—DoNaLp D, SHEPARD,
Director.—DaAvip EH. FINLEY.
Assistant director—MAccinL JAMES.
Administrator.—H. A. McBRIDE.
Chief Curator—JOHN WALKER.

NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
Acting director—RUEL P. TOLMAN.
FREER GALLERY OF ART

Director —JOHN HELLERTON LODGE.

Assistant director —GRACE DUNHAM GUEST.
Associate in archeology.—CArRL WHITING BISHOP.
Associate in research.—ARCHIBALD G. WENLEY.
Superintendent—W. N. RAWLEY.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY TX

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Chief.cmMATTHEW W. STIRLING.

Senior ethnologists—H. B. Cortins, Jr., JoHn P. HaArrineton, JouHn R.
SwANTON.

Senior archeologist FRANK H. H. ROBERTS, JR.

Senior anthropologist JULIAN TH. STEWARD.

Associate anthropologist.—W. N. FENTON.

Editor.—M. HELEN PALMER.

Librarian.—Miriam B. KEercHumM.

Iilustrator.—Hpwin G. CASSEDY.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES

Secretary (in charge).—CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Chief Clerk.—CoatEs W. SHOEMAKER.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN.
Assistant director.—ERNEST P. WALKER.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Director.—CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant director—LoyaL B. ALDRICH.
Senior astrophysicist WILLIAM H. Hoover.

DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS

Director.—CHARLES G. ABBOT.

Assistant director—HARL S. JOHNSTON.

Senior physicist—Kpwarp D. MCALISTER.

Senior mechanical engineer.—LELAND B. CLARK.
Associate plant physiologist FLORENCE M. CHASE.
Junior biochenrvist— ROBERT Li, WEINTRAUB.

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

C. G. ABBOT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.

GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit herewith my report showing
the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the
Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1940. The first 17 pages contain a summary
account of the affairs of the Institution, and appendixes 1 to 11 give
more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the
National Gallery of Art, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the
Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Inter-
national Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical
Observatory, the Division of Radiation and Organisms, the Smith-
sonian Library, and of the publications issued under the direction
of the Institution. On page 109 is the financial report of the
executive committee of the Board of Regents.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS

The number of visitors to the buildings of the Institution and the
National Museum during the year reached a new record total—2,506,-
171. The construction of the new National Gallery of Art Building,
presented to the Nation by the late Andrew W. Mellon and designated
a bureau of the Institution, was brought nearly to completion, and it
is expected that the Gallery will be opened to the public early in 1941.
The renovation of the galleries of the National Collection of Fine Arts,
housed in the Natural History Building of the National Museum, was
completed in October 1939, and the galleries were reopened to the
public in that month. The Smithsonian radio program, “The World
Is Yours,” completed its fourth year on the air, continuing with un-
diminished popularity. An official Nation-wide poll taken during the
year rated the program at the top of all noncommercial programs on
all networks. In honor of Dr. John R. Swanton’s fortieth year on the
scientific staff of the Institution, there was published a volume of
Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America prepared by
members of the Institution’s anthropological staff and dedicated to

1

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Dr. Swanton. A bequest of approximately $130,000 came during the
year from the estate of Mrs. Eleanor E. Witherspoon, of Washington,
D.C. Two vacancies in the Board of Regents of the Institution were
filled by the appointment of Senator Bennett Champ Clark, of
Missouri, and Vannevar Bush, of Washington, D. C.

The enormous task of revising all solar-constant results from all
observing stations from 1923 to the present was nearly completed at
the close of the year, and it is expected to publish the final values
during the coming year. The Division of Radiation and Organisms
carried forward valuable experiments in the fundamental phenom-
enon of photosynthesis. Working plans have been prepared for the
proposed Handbook of South American Indians to be published by
the Institution under the editorship of Dr. Julian H. Steward.

Dr. W. M. Mann directed the Smithsonian-Firestone Expedition
to Liberia for the purpose of collecting live animals for the National
Zoological Park. Dr. Leonard P. Schultz accompanied the Navy
Surveying Expedition to the Phoenix and Samoan Islands, bringing
back 14,000 specimens of the fishes of that region. M. W. Stirling
made a second archeological expedition to southeastern Mexico in
cooperation with the National Geographic Society, uncovering many
additional stone monuments, including one with an initial series date
in the Maya calendar.

SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE
INSTITUTION

National Museum.—Appropriations for the maintenance and oper-
ation of the Museum for the year totaled $810,725, an increase of
$32,345 over those for the previous year. Additions to the col-
lections numbered 1,960 accessions, totaling 212,474 individual spec-
imens, bringing the number of catalog entries in all departments
to more than 17,000,000. Some of the outstanding accessions were:
In anthropology, Eskimo and other artifacts from Siberia and
northern Alaska, Bondu and Yoruba masks from West Africa and
Nigeria, and a cast of a Neanderthal child skull from Uzbekistan;
in biology, several varieties of seals from the Antarctic, collections of
birds from Veracruz and Indochina, Mexican reptiles and amphib-
ians collected by Dr. Hobart M. Smith, 14,000 fishes taken by Dr.
Leonard P. Schultz in the Phoenix and Samoan Islands, the E. D.
Ball collection of 75,000 specimens of Hemiptera, and 600 marine
invertebrates from southeast Greenland collected by the Bartlett
Greenland Expedition of 1939; in geology, a flawless aquamarine
crystal weighing 347 grams, a 128-carat emerald crystal from Bahia,
Brazil, and 495 Mexican minerals, a large collection of Paleozoic
fossils made by Drs. G. A. Cooper and Josiah Bridge in 1939, and

/REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3

25 original type specimens. of fossil lizards received in exchange
from the Peabody Museum of Natural History; in engineering and
industries, a model of the Yankee Clipper and the first ticket issued
to a fare-paying passenger on the initial public trans-Atlantic flight,
a Gaulard and Gibbs transformer and an early Tesla motor, a
collection of early incandescent lamps, and a Parsons turbine-
electric generator; in history, the dress in the White House series
worn by Dolly Madison, and many mementos, medals, and portraits
of famous Americans, including Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen. Philip
H. Sheridan, Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, Madame Ernestine
Schumann-Heink, and others. As usual, many expeditions were
sent out.in the furtherance of the Museum’s work in anthropology,
biology, and geology; these were largely financed by Smithsonian
private funds or through cooperation with other organizations or
individuals. Visitors to the various Museum buildings totaled
2,506,171, an all-time record for annual attendance. The year’s
publications included an annual report, 1 Bulletin, 1 Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, and 27 Proceedings
papers. Twelve special exhibits were held under the auspices of
various educational, scientific, and governmental agencies. Many
members of the Museum staff participated actively in the Eighth
American Scientific Congress held in Washington May 10 to 21,
1940. 3

National Gallery of Art-—At the annual meeting of the Board
of Trustees held February 12, 1940, David K. E. Bruce was elected
President and Ferdinand Lammot Belin Vice President of the Board
for the ensuing year. New officials appointed during the year
were Macgill James, Assistant Director, Charles Seymour, Jr.,
Curator of Sculpture, George T. Heckert, Assistant to the Admin-
istrator, and Sterling P. Eagleton, Chief Engineer and Building
Superintendent. Satisfactory progress was made in organizing the
Gallery staff, and this nucleus has been engaged in preparatory
work, the compilation of catalogs, and the purchase of supplies and
furniture. The Board of Trustees accepted a gift from The A. W.
Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust of 11 celebrated paintings
by early American artists, a first step toward setting up in the
National Gallery a section devoted to the advancement and _pres-
ervation of American art. The Board also accepted two fountain
groups by Pierre Legros and Jean Baptiste Tubi, done in 1672 on
orders of Louis XIV, one of which will be placed in each of the
garden courts of the Gallery. Such work of repair and restora-
tion of paintings as has been found necessary was done in New York
by Stephen Pichetto, Consultant Restorer to the Gallery. A Pub-
lications Fund was established for the purpose of publishing cata-

4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

logs, handbooks, color reproductions, post cards, and similar
material for the benefit of the public when the Gallery is opened.
It is hoped that construction of the Gallery building will be com-
pleted in November of 1940. Several months will be required for
decorating the exhibition rooms and installing the collections, so
that formal opening of the Gallery to the public is expected to take
place about March of 1941. It is estimated that the total cost of
the building and landscaping will exceed $15,000,000.

National Collection of Fine Arts.—The complete renovation of the
exhibition galleries, begun during the previous fiscal year, was fin-
ished in October 1939 and the galleries were reopened to the public
on the 4th of that month. New backgrounds of monk’s cloth, repaint-
ing of all woodwork and reflectors to match the backgrounds, and
renovation and backing of all pictures combined to put the entire
National Collection in excellent condition. The nineteenth annual
meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was held on December
5, 1939. One painting, Young Girl with Dog, by Edward Perey
Moran, a bequest of Alfred Duane Pell, was accepted for the National
Collection. Three miniatures were acquired through the Catherine
Walden Myer Fund. Several art works were lent upon request to other
museums and organizations. The following seven special exhibitions
were held: The Fifth Annual Metropolitan State Art Contest, 1939,
comprising 272 exhibits of paintings, sculpture, and prints; 29 pastel
and oil paintings by Esteban Valderrama; a miniature by Juan
de Dios Hoyos; 83 pieces of wood turnings by James L. Prestini; 24
portraits and 5 drawings by John Slavin; 153 paintings by 31 mem-
bers of the Landscape Club of Washington, D. C.; and 103 miniatures
by 61 members of the Pennsylvania Society of Miniature Painters.

Freer Gallery of Art.—Additions to the collections included Chi-
nese bamboo, bronze, jade, marble, painting, and pottery; East Indian
and Arabic manuscripts; Iranian (Persian) and Syro-Egyptian metal
work; and Indian and Persian painting. Curatorial work was
devoted to the study and recording of these new acquisitions and of
other material already in the collection. In addition, 1,093 objects
of similar character and 263 photographs of others were brought or
sent to the Director for information concerning them, and written or
oral reports upon them were made to the owners. Changes in exhi-
bition involved 40 individual objects. Visitors for the year numbered
108,770. Eight illustrated lectures were given in the auditorium by
members of the staff. Eleven groups were given instruction in the
study rooms, and seven groups were given docent service in the
exhibition galleries. John Bundy, Superintendent of the Gallery
for more than 21 years, died August 18, 1939; he was succeeded by
Weldon N. Rawley.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5

Bureau of American E'thnology.—M. W. Stirling, Chief, continued
his archeological excavations in southeastern Mexico in cooperation
with the National Geographic Society. At Tres Zapotes the chron-
ology of the site was satisfactorily determined; at Cerro de Mesa 20
carved stone monuments were located, including one with an initial
series date in the Maya calendar; and at La Venta 20 monuments were
unearthed, including 5 colossal heads, several beautifully carved
altars, and some stelae. Dr. J. R. Swanton devoted most of the year
to assembling material on the ethnology and early history of the
Caddo Indians of Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma. Dr.
John P. Harrington conducted linguistic and ethnological studies of
the Kiowa Apache at Anadarko and Apache, Okla., the Navaho at
Window Rock, Ariz., the Chipewyan of eastern Alberta, Canada, the
Sarcee of southern Alberta, the Carrier, Chilcotin, and Nicola on the
upper Fraser River, the Tlinkit of southeastern Alaska, and the
Atchat, or Eyak, of the Gulf of Alaska. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts,
Jr., continued excavations at the Lindenmeier site in northern Colo-
rado, where much additional evidence of the presence of Folsom man
was obtained. Dr. Julian H. Steward, as editor of the proposed
Handbook of South American Indians, drew up a working outline
for this project. Toward the end of the year he went to British
Columbia to study the Carrier Indians. Henry B. Collins, Jr., con-
tinued working over the prehistoric Eskimo material that he ex-
cavated around Bering Strait in 1936. Dr. William N. Fenton
conducted ethnobotanical studies among the Iroquois Indians of New
York and Canada. Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the
Bureau, completed for publication several manuscripts on Indian
music. The Bureau published an annual report and three bulletins.
The library received 364 accessions, and a large amount of material
was reclassified and reshelved.

International Kachange Service.—The Exchange Service serves as
the official agency for the United States for the exchange with foreign
countries of governmental and scientific publications. It handled
during the year 639,344 packages of such publications, weighing

527,545 pounds. These figures show a considerable decrease from
the previous year, owing to the enforced curtailment of shipments
to many foreign countries because of war conditions. At the close
of the year, the exchange of publications was suspended between the
United States and all European countries except Great Britain, Fin-
land, and the Soviet Republic. Sets of United States governmental
documents are now sent through the Exchange Service to 104 foreign
depositories, and 104 copies of the Congressional Record and the
Federal Register are sent to foreign countries in exchange for their
official journals.

6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

National Zoological Park.—A new restaurant building was begun
during the year under an allotment of $90,000 from the P. W. A. It
is expected to be completed during the fall of 1940. Other improve-
ments included the construction of 9 new paddocks for various ani-
mals; a series of waterfowl ponds; an enclosure for lizards, snakes,
crocodilians, and turtles; construction of 9,000 feet of curbing and 2,050
square feet of walks; and extensive planting of trees and shrubs in
newly developed areas. Dr. Mann directed the Smithsonian-Firestone
Expedition to Liberia, bringing back nearly 200 animals for the col-
lections, including many rare forms. Malcolm Davis brought back
a number of animals from India, including an Indian rhinoceros,
the first to be shown at the Zoo. He also accompanied Admiral Byrd’s
Antarctic Expedition, bringing back a number of penguins for ex-
hibition at the Zoo. Visitors for the year totaled 2,129,600, including
classes from 628 different schools from 21 States and the District
of Columbia. Of particular interest among the many gifts of the
year were a pair of black bears from the Pennsylvania Game Com-
mission, obtained through Carl La Barre, of Portland, Pa.; three
Finsches’ tree kangaroos from Richard Archbold, of the American
Museum of Natural History, New York; a pair of yak from the De-
partment of Mines and Resources, Dominion of Canada, through
Hoyes Lloyd; and a group of pheasants from Carlo Zeimet, of Wash-
ington, D. C. There were 55 mammals born, 28 birds hatched, and
22 reptiles born or hatched during the year. The total number of
animals in the collection was 2,550, representing 762 different species.
The Zoo’s greatest need is for three new buildings to replace antiquated
structures now in use.

Astrophysical Observatory.—The work of the Observatory in study-
ing the radiation of the sun has been continued during the year at
Washington and at the three observing stations at Tyrone, N. Mex.,
Table Mountain, Calif., and Montezuma, Chile. Work has been con-
tinued throughout the year on the complete revision of all results
on the solar constant of radiation from all stations and from 1928.
to the present time. Many small inconsistencies requiring extensive
study made progress slow in preparing final tables of mean values.
of the solar constant. It is now hoped to publish these tables as.
volume 6 of the Annals of the Observatory during the coming year.
Mathematical investigations at Harvard and at the Massachusetts.
Institute of Technology tend to confirm the reality of periodicities
in solar variation as found by Dr. Abbot. Six lectures on his. studies.
of solar radiation were given by Dr. Abbot at the Harvard College
Observatory, and the first four are in course of publication in the
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Dr. H. Arctowski,,
eminent meteorologist of Poland, who was in Washington when his.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 76

country was conquered and his property lost, was retained on the
staff of the Observatory for 1 year through funds provided by John
A. Roebling. Soon after beginning his work Dr. Arctowski became
convinced of the reality of solar variation and that it is the major
factor in weather, and he published two papers summarizing his
findings. Dr. Abbot endeavored to evaluate the separate influences
produced on weather by long-range solar periodicities. It soon ap-
peared that considerable weather changes were produced by the peri-
odicities, and changes in phase of the weather responses were found
to be due to seasonal influences. Five-year forecasts, using only
meteorological periodicities antedating 1935, showed a marked corre-
lation between the forecast and the event. In the forecast for pre-
cipitation at Peoria, Ill., a correlation coefficient of 705 percent was
found between prediction and event. It is hoped that further study
may improve the 5-year synthetic forecasts.

Division of Radiation and Organisms.—tIn. continuation of its
investigations on the relation of light to plant growth, the Division
carried forward a number of promising experiments, particularly in
the field of photosynthesis. A large number of simultaneous meas-
urements were made of the rate of carbon dioxide uptake and the
intensity of fluorescence during the induction period of photosyn-
thesis. These showed very interesting results, and further work
along this line is proposed, for it is felt that fluorescence is a useful
tool in the study of the mechanism of photosynthesis. Respiration
and chlorophyll studies have been continued with the recording
spectrographic carbon dioxide apparatus. The perfecting of in-
struments and technique has progressed to a point where detailed
work on the problems relating to the genesis of chlorophyll and the
beginning of photosynthesis may be carried on. A standardized
technique has been worked out for the extraction of growth sub-
stances from the oat seedling which has proved to have a number
of advantages over other methods. A number of biochemical sub-
stances and plant extracts have been tested in the study of the growth
of excised oat shoots and leaves. The maximum light sensitivity of
the oat mesocotyl was shown to occur in the red region of the
spectrum. Algae exposed four times to stimulative amounts of cer-
tain wave lengths of ultraviolet light showed 4 to 4.8 times the
growth rate (expressed as number of cells) of the control cultures.
The stimulated cells were less sensitive to lethal amounts of ultra-
violet than the unstimulated cells. This and other results of experl-
ments on the effects of ultraviolet on algae will be published during
the coming year. Three papers by mesnibans of the Division’s staff
were published during the year.

26776040 _—2

8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940
THE ESTABLISHMENT

The Smithonian Institution was created by act of Congress in
1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of
England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States
of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting
the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was
without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore,
constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the
President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of
the executive departments.”

THE BOARD OF REGENTS

Changes in the Board of Regents during the year included the
appomntment on January 4, 1940, by the Vice President, as President
of the Senate, of Senator Bennett Champ Clark, of Missouri, to
succeed Senator M. M. Logan, of Kentucky, who died October 3,
1939, and the appointment by joint resolution of Congress approved
April 5, 1940, of Vannevar Bush, of Washington, D. C., as a citizen
regent to succeed John C. Merriam, who resigned December 14, 1939.

The roll of regents at the close of the year was as _ follows:
Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, Chan-
cellor; John N. Garner, Vice President of the United States; mem-
bers from the Senate—Charles L. McNary, Alben W. Barkley,
Bennett Champ Clark; members from the House of Representa-
tives—Charles L. Gifford, Clarence Cannon, William P. Cole, Jr.;
citizen members—Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; R. Walton
Moore, Virginia; Roland 8. Morris, Pennsylvania; Harvey N. Davis,
New Jersey; Arthur H. Compton, Illinois; and Vannevar Bush,
Washington, D. C.

Proceedings.—The annual meeting of the Board of Regents was
held on January 11, 1940. The regents present were Chief Justice
Charles Evans Hughes, Chancellor; John N. Garner, Vice President
of the United States; Senator Charles L. McNary; Representatives
Charles L. Gifford, Clarence Cannon, and William P. Cole, Jr.; Citi-
zen Regents Frederic A. Delano, R. Walton Moore, Harvey N. Davis,
and Arthur H. Compton; and the Secretary, Dr. Charles G. Abbot.

The Board received and accepted the annual report of the Secre-
tary, covering activities during the year of the parent institution and
of the several Government branches; the report by Mr. Delano of the
executive committee, covering financial statistics of the Institution,
and of the permanent committee, which handles matters connected
with the investment of the Institution’s various funds; and the an-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9

nual report of the Smithsonian Art Commission. Mr. Delano also
presented the report of the Smithsonian Gallery of Art Commission,
established by the act of May 17, 1938, providing a site for the pro-
posed Smithsonian Gallery of Art and for other purposes including
the selection of designs, by competition or otherwise, for the building.
The Deficiency Act of June 25, 1938, appropriated $40,000 for the use
of the Commission. The Board received the report for consideration
and approved the selection of Eliel Saarinen as the architect of the
building.

The Board formally approved the acceptance of the Samuel H.
Kress gift of Italian art by the Smithsonian Institution for the Na-
tional Galery of Art, and also a plan for old-age and incapacitation
pensions for the private employees in the Institution.

In his usual special report the Secretary mentioned briefly the more
important activities carried on by the Institution and its branches

during the year.
FINANCES

A statement on finances will be found in the report of the Execu-
tive Committee of the Board of Regents, page 109.

MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST
SMITHSONIAN RADIO PROGRAM

June 9, 1940, marked the completion of 4 years of the Smithsonian
radio program, “The World Is Yours.” <A pioneer in the field of
popularizing science, invention, history, and art by means of drama-
tized radio broadcasts, this series has been put on the air through the
cooperation of the Smithsonian Institution, the United States Office
of Education, the National Broadcasting Co., and the Works Projects
Administration. Beginning with only a few stations, “The World Is
Yours” has steadily increased in popularity in all parts of the country
until today it is carried every Sunday on some 80 stations of the
N. B. C. red network. Over half a million letters have been received
from listeners, the great majority of whom are enthusiastic in their
commendation of the program.

The greatest tribute ever paid the series came in the spring of
1940. A leading radio-audience research service, upon completing a
Nation-wide analysis of the size of the listening audiences of all pro-
grams on all networks, gave “The World Is Yours” the highest rating
among all sustaining programs on the air. This is a very gratifying
indication that science, history, and other cultural fields arouse
Nation-wide interest when presented in popular form.

In selecting the program subjects, the Smithsonian Institution en-
deavors to create a well-rounded series that in the course of a year

10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

will present to listeners topics relating to every major branch of
science. Exploration, history, industrial progress, and art are also
included, although less frequently, as coming within the scope of
Smithsonian activities or exhibits. The list of subjects for the past

fiscal year is as follows:

1989
French Soldiers in the American Revolution._._--~..-_-------+:-.-+__+ July
RedsMen, of the Great Plains: 22 be tae. ee ee ee July
Birds in the Service:ofMan® = 222552) ties ee eee July
puory of: Hossils. o>. S223 4a We he ee Pale See July
Ryder, the Artist and Man_-___-____- eS eS Lene July
Starsin the Sky wits St. {UU eu US0e Se a SER Eas ee Aug.
(Blam > Acie (Miail: — bee py ata J ol ee seas pe ete ee peen ey PE yong Aug.
Ihife: of the Hioney: Beet. sae oF as 26 A ee ee Aug.
Glaciers: — fe Boi ee ne ee eee ee pee eee eee Aug.
Story of She sihee tear. — = eee CMe eee eS eee ens. ee eee Sept.
Lizards, Survivors of an Ancient Animal Kingdom__________________ Sept.
Harly American Rashions/02. See 25-22 Use ae se Deel eee ee Sept.
World's Niost Valuable ‘Rrees2. 255 4 Aa So: 2 Tee ee Sept.
Kine Salmon. 25 see 2 [So ah ee EN ee ee fe oe Oct.
TheIndians Who iMet Columbuse:G£2£ 1 _ Ue puters ony aie Oct.
The: Marvels of Sound. £2 426 -eteatae . bee tt eAe tee Oct.
Barthquakes = terse... oe eS oe ete Oct.
Story: of Portland Cement op o-+3_ a nyecete, op a A ee Oct.
Germanna¥Word— Crossroads ofskistony=—_—=2_ === 2 ee Nov.
"Then Greait? Apes tae ap be pear ip aloe cal eth id Bye nape Nov.
Klyingsin Salety: 22 Se 2 se sees SS oe ye Nov.
OuriDebtitorthetlndiansiers 2 io. cep takes pers igh > Pee epee A ee Nov.
Exploring itheyAmazoumtony lant 22 ae 5 225 es oyu ee ee eee Dee.
istonical Gens 2.5 hee Ses re eh eS ak ps A ee ee ae Dec.
Cortez*thesConqguistad ors as St ss: SE See Bia Se eee = eee Dee.
Christmas ateVlountVietnonem =. 24. eee ey eee eee Dec.
‘HirsteNiew earn the: @oloniesse sae. | = i eres eee Dee.

1940
They MarchiotiSciences =e ses esee nk 2 es ee fy. ae Jan.
Risexof ite pRallino ages. ns emcee = 2 Be 8 aoe ee ee ee Jan.
annessime Blech romnaeyg- me 61s rine eee tee ee tena ey ee Jan.
Voleamoest ie oe SU Oe eee es a ee Jan.
Phe American: Bisonyaned stile: linia megs ses ee ee eee ee eee Feb.
SOI Ore Jalna! IMloraxen7 may Auavereimn Wane 2 8 Bee eee Feb.
Hyvolution*of the sypewriters 2 2 ae ee ee Feb.
Pompei hives yApainese.0 2259s 29s Sa eae ee ee ee ee Feb.
g BF: V0 Lb 0.0 Wt Ap mn aig ce Ne Me gen Cine AR NG MEL SS LC a Mar.
Conagestiot Noise! i) 20. Sule Fe LGN Ses AS Es eee eee ete epee tee Mar.
Our Changines Wildlifes .18t tel ah Says ee ae Ee age ee as: Mar.
American Pharmacy—First-line Defense Against Disease __-__--------- Mar.
Opening of the Far Wests «22 2) 29) 02) 2 OG eae ee eee Mar.
American Inventors! 2 22 i-3s eee pk ps DE ly et on ee Apr.
Science in the Pield-=2 2... 20 eee ae ee eee Apr.
Dinosaurs Giamnitshotthe Peastas se © seer ets eee eee Apr.
Story of! Cornec’ ss a2 eons et. pe bt —eebeg JE gale pe pegs Shera pf aes Apr.
OVO NGets Cove Vetovshetaveres nsuehaM ofS 2) 2 eae So Se oe a May

WihistlerseBhe Avetistiretm cyt lie aM strates mee een eee eee May:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11

Wilkes: An*American Who Discovered a Continent_-___-_------------ May 19

SLORAOMEAUT SMS emee eerer aes SaMNNMAR Tas La OO Sane eS May 26
Elowalossils} Servier lami di sey asm ae cea SE See eee June 2
Batis AmimalsytivatyP lye 92.) oe0t ee ae Be oy ee Boe Jmme &)
INfathinesh Olle la wa ies set ed ee ES GR ES 2 ee Ee eS June 16
eninommebincuMars NCrthe 6 Ue Ro oe Baler 2a Ses 2 ce June 23
ABHeISIMIt SOMA Modaye ae eke Le Se eae eee eee June 30

From the beginning an attempt has been made to supply listeners
who request it with supplementary information on the subject cov-
ered by each broadeast. This supplementary material has been 1s-
sued in a number of forms—mimeographed, multigraphed, and
printed—but the difficulty has been to print sufficient copies with the
funds available. In October 1939 a new method was tried—that
of publishing the “listener-aids” in magazine form through the coop-
eration of Columbia University Press and selling them to listeners
at cost. This method proved to be very successful and was con-
tinued through June 30, when publication of the magazine was sus-
pended for the summer months. After February, the articles printed
in the magazine were written by Smithsonian experts and were
illustrated with reproductions of photographs. The average cir-
culation over the 9-month period was between 3,000 and 4,000 per
week.

The W. P. A. financial assistance given during the 4 years the
program has been on the air was withdrawn at the close of the past
year. The W. P. A. funds had been used to pay the salaries of
the production and music directors, a large proportion of the actors,
and all of the clerical force in Washington who handled “The World
is Yours” mail. Rather than let the program die for lack of funds,
N. B. C. generously agreed to finance all the production costs for
the coming year, so that hereafter “The World is Yours” will be pre-
sented as an N. B. C. public-service feature. The script writer will
be paid by the Smithsonian, as for the past 2 years.

Much experience has been gained during the 4 years of the Smith-
sonian radio program. The quality of the broadcasts has been stead-
ily improved, and their popularity has continued unabated. It is
the hope of the Institution that “The World is Yours” may stay on the
air indefinitely.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PUBLICATION IN HONOR OF JOHN R. SWANTON’S
FORTIETH YEAR WIFH THE INSTITUTION

In 1900 Dr. John R. Swanton joined the scientific staff of the
Bureau of American Ethnology, a branch of the Smithsonian In-
stitution. The year 1940, therefore, marks the fortieth year of his
association with the Institution, and to commemorate the occasion,

12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

there was published a volume entitled “Essays in Historical Anthro-
pology of North America.” This book, comprising 600 pages of
text, 16 halftone plates, and 36 text figures, contains 13 essays by
members of the Institution’s staff, an analysis of Dr. Swanton’s own
work by Dr. A. L. Kroeber, an introduction by Dr. Julian H. Stew-
ard, and a bibliography of Swanton’s published contributions to an-
thropology. Each contributor, taking the field with which he has:
been particularly concerned, presents a survey of the anthropology
of that area, stressing the historical phases of the study. As a whole,
the volume covers a large part of the North American Continent,
with, however, notable gaps such as the lower Mississippi region and
the Pacific coast.

Dr. Swanton, knowing nothing of the preparation of this volume
of essays in his honor, was invited on May 25, 1940, to attend a meet-
ing of the staffs of the Institution and the Bureau of American
Ethnology in the regents’ room. At this meeting I presented him
with a specially bound copy of the volume and expressed to him on
behalf of his colleagues our admiration of his outstanding achieve-
ments in the field of historical anthropology. This was also ex-
pressed in the foreword to the published volume, prepared and signed
by me, which reads:

It is a real satisfaction for the Smithsonian Institution to publish this col-
lection of papers in historical anthropology in honor of Dr. John R. Swanton,
on the occasion of his fortieth year with the Institution. Diligence, modesty,
and kindliness combine with great ability in his make-up, and lead all his col-
leagues and friends to love him, at the same time that they honor his scholarship
and his basic contributions to American anthropology.

While the attractive field of deductive speculation has in the past lured
many American anthropologists, Swanton has been content to gather informa-
tion and, sifting it, to lay a foundation where others may securely build.
Treating particularly the history of cultures and of tribal movement in the

Southeast since the discovery of America, Swanton’s publications in this field
will ever be the classic sources, basic to future advances.

WALTER RATHBONE BACON TRAVELING SCHOLARSHIP

The Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship of the Smith-
sonian Institution was held for a second year by Dr. Hobart M.
Smith. The purpose of Dr. Smith’s work, as stated last year, is
the accumulation of specimens of reptiles and amphibians from
Mexico, on the basis of which a herpetology of Mexico may be com-
piled and the biotic provinces of the country more accurately defined.

Collecting was continued during the year, and included the vicinity
of Piedras Negras, Guatemala, and certain parts of the Mexican
states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Michoacan, Mexico,
Puebla, and Hidalgo. By June 30, 1940, the collection numbered
approximately 17,000 specimens, and represented some 475 species.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13

Hight new species of frogs, lizards, and snakes have been described
by Dr. Smith from the collection. In addition, Dr. E. H. Taylor
has described two other species of frogs from the collection.

SMITHSONIAN MAIN HALL EXHIBITS

In my last annual report it was stated that I had appointed a
committee, consisting of Messrs. Mitman, chairman, Foshag, Fried-
mann, Setzler, and True, all of the Institution’s staff, to recommend
plans for exhibits in the Smithsonian main hall to illustrate all
the work of the Institution and to make clear to visitors the relation-
ship between the parent Institution and its various branches. The
committee met. weekly, beginning in the summer of 1939, and its
first recommendation was for the complete redecoration of the hall,
using a plastic paint that would give the effect of old stone. The
exhibits and bookcases previously in the main hall were removed,
and new walls were constructed at the east and west ends of the
hall to conceal the steel bookstacks constructed many years ago for
the use of the Smithsonian Library. The redecoration was com-
pleted in the spring of 1940.

The committee’s recommendation as to the exhibits themselves, sub-
mitted on March 30, 1940, was approved by me, and the committee
was instructed to carry out the plans, the entire exhibit to be ready
in time for the next annual meeting of the Board of Regents on
January 17, 1941.

The plan proposed by the committee comprised eight alcoves and
four quadrants to be constructed completely around the hall, leaving
the central aisle clear for the easy circulation of visitors. The eight
alcoves are to portray in popular form the work of the Institution
in astronomy, geology, biology, radiation and organisms, physical
anthropology, cultural anthropology, engineering and industries, and
art. The four quadrants, enclosing the central area of the hall, will
illustrate the scope of Smithsonian activities, the National Zoological
Park, history, and the organization and branches of the Institution.
The former children’s room, adjoining the main hall on the south,
will be used to illustrate the Institution’s work in the diffusion of
knowledge.

At the close of the year, construction of the backgrounds for the
exhibits was well under way, and the details of the exhibits themselves
were being worked out for prompt installation when the construction
work is completed.

NINTH ARTHUR LECTURE
The Arthur lecture, under the auspices of the Institution, was pro-

vided for in the will of the late James Arthur, of New York, who in
1931 left to the Smithsonian Institution a sum of money, part of the

14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

income from which should be used for an annual lecture on some
aspect of the study of the sun.

The ninth Arthur lecture, “Solar Prominences in Motion,” by Robert
R. McMath, Director ‘of the McMath-Hulbert Observatory of the
University of Michigan, was given in the auditorium of the National
Museum on the evening of January 16, 1940. The lecture was illus-
trated with moving pictures of the sun. It will be published in full
with illustrations in the 1940 Smithsonian Report.

The eight previous lectures in the series given under the Arthur
fund were as follows:

1. The Composition of the Sun, by Henry Norris Russell, Professor of Astronomy
at Princeton University. January 27, 1933.

2. Gravitation in the Solar System, by Ernest William Brown, Professor of Math-
ematics at Yale University. January 25, 1933.

3. How the Sun Warms the Earth, by Charles G. Abbot, Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution. February 26, 1984.

4. The Sun as a Typical Star, by Walter S. Adams, Director of the Mount Wilson
Observatory. December 18, 1934.

5. Sun Rays and Plant Life, by Earl 8. Johnston, Assistant Director of the Divi-
sion of Radiation and Organisms, Smithsonian Institution. February 25,
1986.

6. Discoveries from Eclipse Expeditions, by Samuel Alfred Mitchell, Director of
the Leander McCormick Observatory, University of Virginia. February 9,
1937.

7. The Sun and the Atmosphere, by Harlan True Stetson, Research Associate,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. February 24, 1938.

8. Sun Worship, by Herbert J. Spinden, Curator of American Indian Art and
Primitive Cultures, Brooklyn Museums. February 21, 1959.

WITHERSPOON BEQUEST

In May 1940 the Institution received approximately $180,000, the
residuary estate of the late Eleanor E. Witherspoon, of Washington,
D.C. The paragraph in Mrs. Witherspoon’s will relating to this be-
quest reads as follows:

All the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, of every kind and description,
real and personal, wheresoever and howsoever situated, now possessed or that may
hereafter by acquired by me, including any lapsed or void legacy or devise, I give,
devise and bequeath absolutely and in fee simple, unto the Smithsonian Institution,
to be held by it as a fund to be known as the Thomas A. Witherspoon Memorial,
in memory cf my late beloved husband, with full power in said Institution of
managing, controlling, investing and reinvesting the same, and sale of all or any
part of the corpus thereof, and of any investment or reinvestment thereof, and the
net income therefrom to be used for the advancement of human knowledge,
with the single exception that no part of the corpus of the trust fund created
in this Sixteenth Paragraph hereof or the income therefrom shall be used in
collecting birds and animals dead or alive or for purposes of vivisection.

This generous bequest is a most welcome addition to the Institution’s

resources for research, exploration, and publication, and the wishes of
the testatrix in respect to it will be scrupulously observed.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 15

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK

Tn the furtherance of its investigations in many branches of science,
the Smithsonian sent out or cooperated in 19 expeditions, which
worked not only in many States in the United States but also in a
number of foreign lands as well.

Dr. W. F. Foshag continued his survey of the mines and mineral
localities of Mexico and added valuable mineralogical specimens to the
Smithsonian’s collection, now the greatest, assemblage of Mexican ores.
and minerals extant. Dr. C. Lewis Gazin directed an expedition to cen-
tral Utah in search of remains of extinct vertebrate ainmals and par-
ticularly to investigate the Cretaceous and Paleocene formations ex-
posed along the east side of the Wasatch Plateau. Drs. Josiah Bridge
and G. Arthur Cooper visited localities in Utah, Nevada, Texas, and the
Midwest to collect Paleozoic fossils, needed to fill gaps in the National
Museum collection, and also to examine and collect from Lower Ordovi-
cian sections in the Western States in order to obtain more exact infor-
mation for use in the interregional correlation of these rocks. Dr.
Cooper also spent a month studying the rocks and fossils of the Middle
Ordovician in the Southern Appalachians. James H. Benn quarried
out and brought to Washington for study a large slab of beautifully
preserved fossil sea urchins (echinoids) from the bluffs bordering
Chesapeake Bay at Port Republic, Md.

Dr. W. M. Mann conducted an expedition to the Argentine to col-
lect live animals for the National Zoological Park; the trip resulted
in the addition of 316 specimens to the collection, a number of which.
had never before been exhibited at the Zoo. Dr. Alexander Wetmore
collected birds in southern Mexico, gaining information on the dis-
tribution of variable forms and on the movements of northern migrants..
W. M. Perrygo collected birds and mammals in North Carolina to
fill gaps in the National Museum’s study collection, and H. G. Deignan
visited Kuropean museums to study type material and other relevant
Specimens in connection with his work on the birds of Siam. Dr.
Leonard P. Schultz accompanied the Navy Surveying Expedition to
the Phoenix and Samoan Islands and obtained, in addition to 14,000:
fishes, many hundreds of specimens of the fauna and flora of the region.
At the invitation of Capt. G. Allan Hancock, Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt
participated in the expedition to the north coast of South America,
where boat dredging and shore collecting resulted in the acquisition
of valuable specimens of marine life. Capt. Robert A. Bartlett, on his
annual summer trip to the Arctic, collected for the Institution a quan-
tity of material, including five specimens of a very rare 10-armed
starfish. Austin H. Clark continued his study of the butterflies of
Virginia, collecting many fine specimens including one species new to:
the Virginia fauna.

16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Ellsworth P. Killip collected plants in Colombia in continuation of
the Smithsonian’s special study of the flora of that country. About
11,000 specimens were obtained, including 300 numbers of ferns and
more than 100 numbers each of orchids, aroids, grasses, and peppers.

Dr. Ale’ Hrdlicka spent several months studying anthropological
material in the museums of England, Russia, Siberia, and France.
The main object of the work in Russia, where most of his time was
spent, was to examine such skeletal and cultural materials from
Siberia as might have a bearing on the problem of Asiatic-American
connections.

Dr. T. Dale Stewart continued excavations at Patawomeke, the Vir-
ginia Indian village visited by Capt. John Smith in 1608, discovering
a type of pottery unlike that prevailing on the surface, and an ossuary.
Dr. Waldo R. Wedel conducted an archeological survey in western
Kansas to determine the extent of Puebloan influence in that area
and to examine the prospects for injecting time perspective into the
earlier archeological history of the region. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts,
Jr., continued excavations at the Lindenmeier site in northern Col-
orado, producing much further evidence of the presence of the ancient
Folsom man, but failing again to discover any skeletal remains of
Folsom man himself. Dr. William N. Fenton carried on ethnobotan-
ical studies among the Iroquois of New York State and Canada, giving
particular attention to Iroquois medicine.

PUBLICATIONS

The principal means of carrying out the “diffusion of knowledge,”
one of the Institution’s primary functions, is its series of publications.
From its private funds, the Institution issues the Smithsonian Miscel-
laneous Collections, a series containing all the scientific papers pub-
lished by the Institution proper; from Government funds are issued
the Smithsonian Annual Report (with general appendix reviewing
progress in science), the Bulletins and Proceedings of the National
Museum, the Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the
Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, and Catalogs of the National
Collection of Fine Arts. The Freer Gallery of Art series, Oriental
Studies, is supported by Freer Gallery funds.

During the past year, the Institution and its branches issued a total
of 78 publications, of which 45 were issued by the Institution proper,
30 by the National Museum, and 3 by the Bureau of American Eth-
nology. Information as to titles, authors, and other details of these
publications will be found in the report of the Chief of the Editorial
Division, appendix 11. The total number of publications distributed
was 146,156.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY LZ
LIBRARY

The accessions to the Smithsonian Library during the past year
were 7,(09 volumes and pamphlets, bringing the total holdings to
907,816, exclusive of several thousand incomplete or unbound items.
The exchange work of the library was seriously handicapped by ab-
normal conditions abroad; many foreign publications have been
suspended or discontinued altogether. Among the larger gifts of the
year were 897 publications from the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, 653 from the Geophysical Laboratory of the
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 252 from the American <Asso-
ciation of Museums, and 216 from James Townsend Russell, Jr. The
staff made 26,422 periodical entries, cataloged 6,105 publications, pre-
pared and filed 42,388 catalog and shelf list cards, loaned 11,745 publi-
cations to members of the staff of the Institution and its branches, and
materially advanced the Union Catalog. Besides adding to the index
of all Smithsonian publications and that of exchange relations, they
began a third during the year; namely, a card index of all Smithsonian
explorations. The needs of the library are for more funds for binding,
more shelf room, and more personnel.

Respectfully submitted.

C. G. Aspor, Secretary.

APPENDIX 1
REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi-

tion and operation of the United States National Museum for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1940.
Funds provided for the maintenance and operation of the National

Museum for the year totaled $810,725, or $32,345 more than for the

previous fiscal year. The amount was reduced $5,500, however, by

reason of a compulsory administrative reserve. In addition to the
normal expenditures of the Museum, a deficiency appropriation made

$270,000 available to cover expenses in changing the electric current

for the Smithsonian group of buildings from direct to alternating,

and for installing new elevators in the Smithsonian and Natural
History Buildings.
COLLECTIONS

Additions to the great collections of the National Museum were:
received in 1,960 separate accessions, totaling 212,474 individual speci-
mens. ‘These were distributed among the five departments as follows:

Anthropology, 5,233; biology, 168,673; geology, 33,921; engineering
and industries, 2,019; and history, 2,628. For the most part these
acquisitions were gifts from individuals or represented expeditions
sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution. All are listed in detail
in the full report on the Museum, published as a separate document,
but the more important are summarized below. The total number of
catolog entries in all departments now slightly exceeds 17,000,000.
Anthropology—Archeological material came from many parts of
the world: Eskimo and other artifacts from Siberia and northern
Alaska, stone and shell artifacts from Guam and Mexico, objects from
various parts of Egypt, and potsherds and casts from Argentina. In
ethnology, many objects were received representing the cultures of the
Eskimos and of various Plains and western Indian tribes. Africa was
represented by Bondu and Yoruba masks from West Africa and
Nigeria, respectively. The section of ceramics received 146 speci-
mens; musical instruments, 12, including a violin designed and con-
structed in the anthropological laboratory by Nicola Reale, partly
along the lines of a late Stradivarius; period art and textiles, 153,
including many fine pieces of lace, ivory, and silver. In the division
of physical anthropology the following accessions are noteworthy:

hemes A 18

.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19

Cast of a Neanderthal child skull from Uzbekistan, a neolithic skull
from Siberia, 8 trephined skulls from Peru, and casts of upper paleo-
lithic crania from the Choukoutien caves near Peiping, China.

Biology.—A total 168,673 biological specimens were accessioned dur-
ing the year, a number less than last year owing presumably to the
disturbed condition of the world. Important mammalian material
consisted of 8 Weddell and 2 crab-eating seals and 1 leopard-seal
skull from the Antarctic, several cetacean skulls and fetuses from
Alaska and the Antarctic, 101 bats from Mexico and Guatemala, 10
mammals from the Smithsonian-Firestone Expedition to Liberia, and
many small mammals collected from North Carolina, District of Co-
lumbia, Maryland, and Massachusetts. The George S. Huntington
collection of nonhuman skeletons was transferred from the Army
Medical Museum.

Avian accessions from Veracruz and Indochina were outstanding.
Over 1,000 bird specimens resulted from the field work conducted by
the Museum in North Carolina. Other lots were representative of
Italian, Chilean, Paraguayan, Antarctic, and Samoan forms.

Large collections of reptiles and amphibians were made in Mexico
by Dr. Hobart M. Smith under the Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling
scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution. Forty-one specimens
from Liberia were sent by Dr. W. M. Mann from the Smithsonian-
Firestone Expedition; 240 Maryland reptiles and amphibians were
donated; and an important lot of Jamaican and Cayman Island
material was purchased.

The most noteworthy ichthyological addition consisted of 14,000
fishes collected by Curator Leonard P. Schultz as a member of the
Navy Surveying Expedition to the Phoenix and Samoan Islands in
1939. Dr. W. M. Mann forwarded 462 fishes collected at Gibi Moun-
tain, Liberia. <A large number of paratypes of fishes was received in
exchange from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the
Bernice P. Bishop Museum at Honolulu, the Field Museum of Natural
History at Chicago, and the British Museum of Natural History.

In insects several large collections were added: The E. D. Ball col-
lection of approximately 75,000 specimens of Hemiptera; about 63,000
miscellaneous insects transferred from the Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, and 20,000 more received directly by specialists or
additions resulting from collecting trips; about 30,000 specimens of
mites (on 3,000 slides) from the collections of the late A. P. Jacot,
transferred from the Forest Service; 6,000 Chinese insects from Dr.
D. C. Graham; and an important collection of about 2,000 coceinellid
beetles of the genus Hippodamia from the distinguished coleopterist
Prof. Th. Dobzhansky.

20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Nearly 600 marine invertebrates from southeast Greenland came as
a result of the Bartlett Greenland Expedition of 1939. In addition,
there were received important collections of isopods, amphipods,
sponges, pycnogonids, and worms, many representing new species or
species new to the Museum collections. Mollusks came chiefly from
Cuba, Hawaii, Jamaica, Samoa, Guam, Colombia, Ecuador, and the
United States. Accessions of helminths included type material of
much interest. Among the echinoderms was a fine series of starfishes,
sea-urchins, brittle-stars, and holothurians from Antarctica, as well as
noteworthy specimens from the Indo-Pacific.

About 23,600 plants, largely American, were received for inclusion
in the National Herbarium, the largest lot being 5,200 specimens from
Virginia, West Virginia, and Maine presented by H. A. Allard, of
the United States Bureau of Plant Industry.

Geology.—Several additions to the mineralogical and petrological
series were made possible by the Canfield, Roebling, and Chamberlain
funds of the Smithsonian Institution. Among these were a flawless,
pale blue, aquamarine crystal weighing 347 grams; a 128-carat emerald
crystal from Bahia, Brazil; and 495 Mexican minerals, including
rare arsenates and associated minerals and fine apatite crystals from
Durango. These latter were collected by Curator W. F. Foshag on
a trip to Mexico in 1939. About 3,000 mineral, ore, and rock specimens
were transferred from the United States Military Academy. Forty-
one individual specimens were contained in 21 accessions of meteorites
received, 30 of these repr esenting falls new to the collections.

The largest accession in the field of stratigraphic paleontology com-
prised the Paleozoic fossils collected by Assistant Curator G. A.
Cooper and Dr. Josiah Bridge during their 1939 field work. Next in
point of size is the celebrated old English Calvert collection of fossils
procured by Martin L. Ehrmann. In addition, the biologic study col-
lections were materially augmented with many fossil echinoderms,
conodonts, Foraminifera, bryozoans, brachiopods, and mollusks
received from generous donors. The most important exhibition
specimen of the year was a 3- by 7-foot slab of Miocene standstone,
discovered by Dr. Foshag at Scientists Cliff, Md., on which a rare
species of echinoid covered the surface.

From a scientific standpoint, the most noteworthy accession in
the division of vertebrate paleontology was an exchange from the
Peabody Museum of Natural History of 25 original type specimens
of fossil lizards, making the National Museum collection of these
saurians the largest assemblage of its kind in this country. Field
expeditions yielded four articulated lizard skeletons, two partial
ceratopsian skulls from the North Horn formation, and a consid-
erable number of fragmentary jaws and teeth from the Paleocene

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21

of central Utah. The type of Delphinus calvertensis originally be-
longing to the National Institute, but lent to Louis Agassiz prior
to 1852, was returned to the National collections by the Museum of
Comparative Zoology.

Engineering and industries—In the section of aeronautics addi-
tions were made to the collection of aircraft propellers, including
one of the first controllable-pitch propellers issued for practical
service. A model of the Yankee Clipper from the Pan American Air-
ways System and the first ticket issued to a fare-paying passenger
on the initial public trans-Atlantic flight also were received, as well
as a number of aircraft models. To the section of electrical engi-
neering and communications came the following: A Gaulard and
Gibbs transformer and an early Tesla motor, both important contri-
butions to the practical use of alternating current; a collection of
early incandescent lamps; and a Parsons turbine-electric generator,
thought to be the oldest of the original form of the Parsons turbine
now in existence except for the first one at the Science Museum in
London. Many miscellaneous objects pertaining to transportation,
communication, metrology, mining, and metallurgy, tools and crafts,
medicine and public health, and chemistry continue to come in as
gifts and loans, always welcome additions to these sections. To the
division of graphic arts there was transferred from the Government
Printing Office an iron printing press invented by Peter Smith in
1822. Other interesting material received in this division pertained
to motion-picture photography and projection, color photography,
fine printing and bookmaking, and photoengraving.

History —Over 2,600 objects of historic and antiquarian interest
were accessioned, including mementos, medals, and portraits of such
outstanding figures as General Lafayette, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen.
Philip H. Sheridan, Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, Col. Charles A.
Lindbergh, Madame Ernestine Schumann-Heink, and others. The
handsome dress in the White House series worn by Dolly Madison
was presented to the Museum by Mrs. Charles D. Walcott and the
Smithsonian Institution. A unique addition to the historical col-
lection was the five flags flown by the Yankee Clipper on the first
official flight of that plane from Port Washington, N. Y., to South-
ampton, England, and return in May 1939, presented through the
Hon. R. Walton Moore. The numismatic collection was increased
by 408 coins and medals and the philatelic collection by 2,038 foreign
postage stamps, cards, and envelopes. transferred from the Post
Office Department. Also there came the famous A. Eugene Michel
collection of postal stationery, which comprises 144 volumes of ma-
terial containing about 40,000 specimens.

22 ANNUAL REPORT’ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK

The work of the staff in the field was wide and varied in scope and
was carried on principally through funds made available through
the Smithsonian Institution. The field studies thus arranged are one
of the most important sources of new materials for the National
Museum and result in new facts and information of many kinds.

Anthropology —On April 15, 1939, Dr. Ales’ Hrdlicka, curator of
physical anthropology, left New York on an anthropological trip to
Europe, with particular emphasis on studies in Russia and Siberia.
The main objects of a visit to London were to see the remains of early
man from Palestine and whatever Siberian skeletal material there
might be in the museums of that city. In France the main purpose
was to see the newly established Museum of Man in Paris. In Russia
and Siberia the chief objective was to examine such skeletal and cul-
tural materials from Siberia as might have a bearing on the problem
of Asiatic-American connections. The main part of the trip was in
the Soviet Union, where the stay was divided between Leningrad,
Moscow, and Irkutsk. In the anthropological institutes and museums
of these cities, Dr. Hrdlicka found exceedingly rich and valuable
materials from Siberia, all of which he was allowed to utilize freely.

The examinations in Leningrad were carried on in the new Anthro-
pologica] Institute and Museum, which has a very large and valuable
collection of human crania and skeletons, including important series
of skulls of the Chukchi and other Siberian peoples. In the Anthro-
pological Institute of the Moscow University there is another huge
cranial and skeletal collection, including other important series of
Siberian materials. Finally, at the Irkutsk Museum there is a large
and very important collection of neolithic skeletal remains from the
Angara River and Baikal Lake regions.

The Siberian crania examined and measured included large and
particularly interesting series of the Chukchi, Ostiaks, Tungus, and
the neolithics of the Irkutsk region. Dr. Hrdlicka had the further
privilege, partly at Leningrad and partly at Moscow, of seeing the
skull, remains of bones, and associated cultural materials of a Nean-
derthal child from Uzbekistan, in central Asia. This is a find of
outstanding anthropological importance, and the skull, lower jaw,
and teeth are in excellent condition.

To determine, first, the extent of Puebloan influence in western
Kansas and, second, the prospects for injecting time perspective into
the earlier archeological history of the region, Dr. Waldo R. Wedel,
assistant curator of archeology, extended into the high plains an
archeological survey begun in Kansas in 1937. A month was spent
in and near Scott County State Park. Traces of a seven-room pueblo
ruin opened by Williston and Martin in 1898 were relocated. Middens

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 23

yielded potsherds and artifacts of stone, bone, and horn, as well as
rare objects of copper, iron, and glass. Charred maize and squash
gourd rinds indicate horticulture, but quantities of animal bones
suggest that subsistence was primarily by hunting. Contrary to
expectations, Puebloan influences were almost negligible. Aside from
the stone-walled ruin and nearby prewhite irrigation ditches, there
was a bare handful of sherds, some painted, and a few incised clay
pipe fragments presumably attributable to late Southwestern stim-
ulus. Numerous bell-shaped roasting pits and large irregular trash
pits, as also the great bulk of artifacts recovered, show close relation-
ship to sites of the prehistoric Dismal River culture of southwestern
Nebraska. No houses of indigenous type were found. Whatever the
relationship between these remains and the Pueblo structure, it is an
interesting historical fact that in early contact times the western plains
were inhabited by Apache and Comanche bands, some of whom appear
to have followed a semihorticultural mode of life.

Just outside the north entrance to the Park a small burial ground,
probably much older than the above, yielded two long-headed skele-
tons and several secondary interments. With the skeletons were
broken tortoise shells, tubular bone beads, and chipped flints, includ-
ing one heavy-stemmed arrowpoint of woodland type. Persistent
search failed to disclose any evidence of an associated village or
camp site.

About 20 miles east, on Salt Creek in Lane County., Kans., remains
of a different type were found. On and just below the surface of one
site were materials attributable to the Upper Republican culture of
southern Nebraska. Two small pit houses, each with four center
posts, were worked out. Along with shallow middens nearby, they
yielded typical pottery, arrowpoints, a bone fishhook, and other mate-
rials, but no direct proof of horticulture. Separated from this de-
posit by a barren stratum up to a foot thick was a second cultural
layer. From this came thick cord-roughened sherds and _ large-
stemmed arrowpoints markedly unlike the top-layer materials. This
second horizon, evidently linked with some plains woodland mani-
festation, had been intruded by both pit houses. Lack of time pre-
cluded investigation of what may be a third cultural horizon underly-
ing both of the above.

These researches seem to show that in Lane and Scott Counties
there were at least two groups of prehistoric pottery-making peoples.
On stratigraphic grounds, those bearing a woodland culture preceded
others with Upper Republican affihations; neither appears to have
been in contact with southwestern peoples. Still later, in proto-
historic times, a third complex, assignable to the Dismal River cul-
ture, occupied the area. This sequence parallels that in western

267760—40- 3

24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Nebraska and adds materially to the geographic range of the cultures
involved.

Dr. T. Dale Stewart, associate curator of physical anthropology,
continued systematic excavations at the site of the Indian village
located in Stafford County, Va., visited by Capt. John Smith in the
summer of 1608 and described by him under the name of Patawomeke.
Indications were that it had been a stockaded village. Among the
details of the town plan that remained undiscovered at the close of
the 1938 season were the main entrances, the location of the dwellings,
and the manner of their construction. The cultural objects obtained
during this work, as well as those found previously by Judge Graham,
showed considerable uniformity, and thereby suggested a relatively
short occupancy of the site. Nothing thus far gave indication of the
presence here of cultural elements differing from those apparent on
the surface. Nevertheless, a further development of the town plan
in itself was deemed of sufficient importance for continuing the inves-
tigation in 1939. Constant presence at the site permitted the employ-
ment of a somewhat different technique from that used last year.
Trenches 10 feet broad were extended across undisturbed parts of
the site. This increased exposure, in contrast to the previous short
5-foot trenches, clarified the picture considerably. The initial
trenches were run in the field to the east that had been under culti-
vation last season. Here it was hoped to find an entrance to the
stockade, but none was found. As elsewhere about the site, the post
holes are so numerous, presumably as a result of replacements and
relocations, that the details are obscured. Some time was devoted
also to trenching the accumulated refuse along the bluff overlooking
the creek. In places these deposits reach 4 feet in depth, but give
evidence of having received accretions from the plow.

Attention was distracted from these features toward the close of
the season by two important finds of a different nature, a deep pit,
containing a type of pottery unlike that prevailing on the surface,
and an ossuary. The finding of the ossuary offered the opportunity
to expose the bones from above in order to show their arrangement.
Circumstances usually do not allow time for this procedure. In the
present case a good record was made of about one-third of the burial
pit before heavy and prolonged rains interrupted. A typical method
of contracting the body appears to have been that in which the lower
legs were flexed forward unnaturally at the knees so that the feet
came to touch the abdomen. ‘Two other features of the ossuary are
of interest: At one place there was a mass of charred bones, the re-
mains perhaps of a deliberate cremation or sacrifice. In connection
with some of the skeletons there were great numbers of shell beads,
and in one of these cases the largest beads had been placed within
the skull, obviously at the time of burial.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25

Biology.—Field work in the study of the distribution and collec-
tion of birds and mammals of North Carolina, begun in the spring
of 1939 and continued until July, was opened again in the fall for
a period of a little over 2 months with W. M. Perrygo in charge
of the party and Charles L. Wheeler as assistant. Dr. Wetmore
and Mr. Graf visited the party when the men were located near
Mattamuskeet in October, and spent several days with them. The
work was concluded toward the close of November, with important
collections as the result. In the spring of 1940 Mr. Perrygo was
dispatched for similar work in the field in South Carolina, Southgate
Hoyt serving as assistant throughout the period, with John Calhoun
also as a member of the*party during the early part of the summer.
All this work was carried on under the W. L. Abbott fund.

In continuation of work in the vicinity of the archeological camp
at Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, begun last year by Dr. Wetmore, M. A.
Carriker, Jr., was engaged in making collections of birds in this
area from January to May. The resulting collections, together with
those that were obtained by Dr. Wetmore, constitute the most valu-
able series of birds yet assembled from this interesting area. Mr.
Carriker during this season made collections in the region of the
Tuxtla Mountains, which have been proposed for a national park,
and also supplemented his series from Tres Zapotes with material
from Tlacotalpan and from the coastal region south of Alvarado.
The investigations were carried on under the W. L. Abbott fund.

Dr. Hobart M. Smith, traveling under the Walter Rathbone Bacon
traveling scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution, continued
throughout the year an exploration and study of the herpetological
fauna of Mexico, covering systematically that interesting region.
As a result of his work many beautifully prepared reptiles and
amphibians have been received at the Museum. Dr. Smith was still
in the field at the close of the fiscal year.

Dr. Leonard P. Schultz, detailed to accompany the U. S. S. Bush-
nell as naturalist on the Naval expedition to the Phoenix and Sa-
moan Islands during the summer of 1939, returned on August 18
with large collections consisting of about 14,000 fishes, besides mol-
lusks, coelenterates, echinoderms, worms, and other marine inverte-
brates, reptiles, birds, mammals, and plants aggregating 2,000 or
3,000 specimens.

As in past years, Capt. Robert A. Bartlett in his annual expedition
to Greenland waters brought to the Museum further valuable addi- |
tions to the invertebrate collections besides a noteworthy collection
of Arctic plants.

Austin H. Clark continued his work on the survey of the butterfly
fauna of Virginia, visiting different localities during the summer of
1939 and the spring of 1940.

26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Upon invitation of the Venezuelan Government, Mrs. Agnes Chase,
custodian of grasses, was detailed to Venezuela in February for the
purpose of studying the grasses of that country and recommending
plans for agrostological research. Field work was carried out suc-
cessfully in the western, northern, and eastern parts of the country
during a stay of 6 weeks. Notwithstanding an almost unprecedented
drouth, about 1,500 specimens were collected. Continuing his study
of the flora of Big Pine Key, Fla., E. P. Killip, associate curator of
the National Herbarium, accompanied by Robert F. Martin, of the
Department of Agriculture, spent a period of 2 weeks there in mid-
winter. To the 208 species of plants discovered on three earlier
visits, 32 were added, and many duplicates were collected for general
distribution.

Geology—Dr. W. F. Foshag, curator of physical and chemical
geology, spent August 1939 collecting minerals in Mexico, confining
his studies largely to the states of Nuevo Leon and Durango.
Mapimi and Cerro Mercado, in the state of Durango, yielded excep-
tionally fine material, notably the rare arsenates of iron from upper
workings of the Ojuela mine recently reopened by Mexican miners,
and fine apatite crystals and associated minerals from Cerro Mercado.
Among other localities visited were Banderas, Cabrellas, Higueras,
Diente, Zimapan,, Guanajuato, and Queretaro. After the Instituto
Geologico de Mexico had deducted its selection, eight cases were
shipped to Washington.

Late in September, Dr. G. A. Cooper, assistant curator of strati-
graphic paleontology, joined Dr. Josiah Bridge, of the United States
Geological Survey, in Salt Lake City, Utah, whence they journeyed
to Logan, where Dr. J. S. Williams, of Utah State Agricultural
College, assisted them in the study of that region. The classic
area for Cambrian, Lower Ordovician, and Devonian fossils, near
Eureka, Nev., was visited, and 12 days were spent with Dr. T. 8S.
Nolan and party, of the United States Geological Survey. Next,
Las Vegas, Nev., furnished Lower Ordovician collections for future
studies of that little-known area. The Devonian rocks at Silver
City, N. Mex., were next examined and excellent fossils collected.
From here the party proceeded to El Paso and Van Horn, Tex.,
obtaining Lower Ordovician fossils from the El Paso limestone;
then to Marathon and the Glass Mountains, where 5 days were
devoted to collecting silicified Permian fossils. The Central Hill
country of Texas was visited for Cambrian fossils, and Mineral
Wells for deposits of Pennsylvanian age. Turning homeward by
way of the Arbuckle Mountains and Criner Hills, Okla., they de-
voted a week to collecting Middle Ordovician fossils. Dr. Cooper
continued to Lower Ordovician outcrops in south-central Missouri
and the Silurian of Little Saline Valley in east-central Missouri.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Dy

The season’s work was brought to a close with collecting in the
Wabash region of Indiana, where Silurian fossils were obtained
from reefy masses near Peru, and in southern Indiana from De-
vonian and Mississippian rocks. Although the purpose of this long
trip was to build up the weak parts of the study series of invertebrate
fossils, equally important was the information obtained for definite
placement stratigraphically of the Museum sets of fossils obtained
in the days when such correlation was not so accurate. The Lower
Ordovician fossils from Nevada and Texas, Permian of Texas, Penn-
sylvanian of central Texas, and Silurian from east-central Missouri
and north-central Indiana, resulting from this trip, were all new
to the collections.

Dr. E. O. Ulrich, associate in paleontology, in order to further
his stratigraphic studies of Appalachian Valley geology and to test
certain conclusions before publication, spent the month of September
in field work in the southern section of the area, and a shorter time
in June in Pennsylvania. Good collections were made, but most
important was the information obtained to place stratigraphically
the Museum’s older sets of fossils.

In the division of vertebrate paleontology, C. W. Gilmore was
detailed early in the spring of 1940 to accompany Earl Trager, of the
National Park Service, on a reconnaissance trip to the site of a pro-
posed national park in the Big Bend region of Texas. Although ne
collections were made, the area was determined as a field of much
promise for dinosaur remains. The main field operations of the
year for this division were conducted by Dr. C. Lewis Gazin, assist-
ant curator, who left Washington early in June 1939 to head an
expedition into the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene regions of
Utah, a continuation in part of two previous seasons of field work.
In the upper Cretaceous along the westerly slope of North Horn
Mountain, several partially articulated lizard skeletons and two
incomplete ceratopsian skulls were among the specimens collected.
In the Paleocene numerous fragmentary mammal specimens, con-
sisting chiefly of jaw fragments and teeth, were obtained. As many
of the latter represented new forms of multituberculates, taeniodonts,
and other primitive forms, this collection contributes much informa-
tion to the fauna of the Dragon formation.

Early in June 1940 Dr. Gazin left to continue the work in the
Paleocene of Utah in the vicinity of North Horn Mountain and
then to the Eocene of the Bridger Basin of Wyoming.

MISCELLANEOUS

Visitors—A total of 2,505,171 visitors at the various Museum
buildings was recorded for the year. This is 271,826 more than
the number for the previous year and represents an all-time record

ass ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

for annual attendance. This year the high months were July and
August 1939, when 360,599 and 400,719 visitors, respectively, were
recorded. The attendance in the four Museum buildings was as
follows: Smithsonian Building (closed to visitors from January 2
to June 30, 1940), 200,118; Arts and Industries Building, 1,261,808;
Natural History Building, 809,661; Aircraft Building, 233,589.

Publications and printing—The sum of $27,100 was available
during 1940 for the publication of the Museum Annual Report,
Bulletins, and Proceedings. Thirty publications were issued—the
Annual Report, 1 Bulletin, 1 Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium, and 27 separate Proceedings papers. Particu-
larly outstanding were the following: Variations and Relationships
in the Snakes of the Genus Pitwophis, by Olive Griffith Stull (Bull.
175); The Hederelloidea, a Suborder of Paleozoic Cyclostomatous
Bryozoa, by Ray S. Bassler; Observations on the Birds of Northern
Venezuela and Notes on the Birds of Kentucky, by Alexander Wet-
more; Catalog of Human Crania in the United States National
Museum Collections: Indians of the Gulf States, by Ales Hrdlicka;
Trematodes From Fishes Mainly From the Woods Hole Region,
Massachusetts, by Edwin Linton; and A Prehistoric Roulette from
Wyandotte County, Kansas, by Waldo R. Wedel and Harry M.
Trowbridge.

Volumes and separates distributed during the year to libraries,
institutions, and individuals throughout the world aggregated 65,962
copies.

W. P. A. assistance.—As in previous years workers were assigned
from the Works Progress Administration of the District of Columbia
to assist the Museum staff in miscellaneous activities. On July 1,
1939, 144 assistants were so engaged, and on April 15, 1940, when
the project was terminated owing to shortage of funds, these workers
numbered 126. The service performed totaled 169,848 man-hours for
the year. Conclusion of the project was felt in all departments of
the Museum. Aside from the care given by the W. P. A. help in
arranging and preserving the study collections, the cataloging and
numbering of specimens were of direct aid to research, for the mate-
rial thus handled became readily available for study by our own staff
and by other technical workers.

Special exhibits—Twelve special exhibits were held during the
year under the auspices of various educational, scientific, and Gov-
ernment agencies. In addition the department of engineering and
industries arranged 23 special displays—2 in engineering, 9 in graphic
arts, and 12 in photography.

Participation in scientific congress —Members of the Museum staff
actively participated in the Eighth American Scientific Congress,

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 29

which was held in Washington May 10 to 21, 1940, under the auspices
of the United States Government and which brought together dis-
tinguished scientists from all the Pan American’ Republics. Dr.
Alexander Wetmore served as the Secretary General to the Congress,
working with officials of the State Department. Dr. C. G. Abbot
and Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan were members of the organizing com-
mittee, and the latter was chairman of the geological section. All
Museum curators were designated official delegates, and two members
of the Museum staff—Frank M. Setzler and Paul H. Oehser—were
detailed as secretaries; Austin H. Clark served as science press-
relations officer. Dr. Ales’ Hrdlicka was a member of the section
committee on anthropology. At various technical sessions of the
Congress papers were presented by the following Museum scientists:
Dr. Ale’ Hrdli¢ka, Dr. T. Dale Stewart, Dr. Remington Kellogg,
Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, and Dr. Paul Bartsch.

CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF

In the Department of Anthropology, Andreas J. Andrews was pro-
moted October 1, 1939, to chief preparator in anthropology, succeeding
W. H. Egberts, who retired.

In the Department of Biology, Herwil M. Bryant was appointed
as junior biologist on September 29, 1939, and assigned to duty with
the United States Antarctic Service. Through the retirement of
Mrs. M.S. Clapp, Miss Vendla M. Hendrickson was promoted June 1,
1940, to clerk-stenographer in the Head Curator’s office. Other changes
in this Department included the promotion of Herbert G. Deignan to
assistant curator in the Division of Birds on June 16, 1940, of Mrs.
Aime M. Awl to principal scientific illustrator on June 1, 1940, and of
Charles S. East to scientific aid on March 1, 1940.

In the library, Miss Marie Ruth Wenger was promoted to library
assistant, on November 16, 1939.

Two honorary appointments on the Museum staff were made during
the year, as follows: Dr. Stuart H. Perry as associate in mineralogy,
and Dr. Adam G. Béving as associate in zoology.

Under the superintendent of buildings and labor Harry S. Jones
was raised to principal mechanic (foreman of electricians), on Sep-
tember 1, 1939, and Sherley F. Williams to senior mechanic (senior
electrician) on October 1, 1939. George W. Sharman was promoted
‘to senior mechanic (senior sheet-metal worker), on September 16, 1939.

Floyd B. Kestner of the photographic laboratory was made assistant
photographer on November 16, 1939.

Eleven employees left the service through the operation of the re-
tirement act. Seven of these for age, as follows: Leonard C. Gunnell,
assistant librarian, on May 31, 1940, with 33 years 11 months of serv-

30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

ice; William H. Egberts, chief preparator, on September 30, 1939,
with 25 years 1 month of service; Mrs. Mary S. Clapp, clerk-stenog-
rapher, on May 31, 1940, with 19 years 11 months of service; Frank J.
Cross, senior mechanic (tinner), on August 31, 1939, with 19 years 9
months of service; James F. Cudmore, lieutenant of guard, on June 30,
1940, with 21 years 3 months of service; William J. Snellings, guard,
on December 31, 1939, with 18 years 5 months of service; and Willis
Lanier, laborer-messenger, on August 31, 1939, with 24 years 7 months
of service. Lewis E. Perry, shipper, on June 30, 1940, retired at his
own request with 25 years 3 months of service. Three persons were
retired for disability: Micajah W. Knight, guard, on November 30,
1939; William J. Myers, guard, on October 10, 1939; and Alberta
Jackson, attendant, on August 31, 1939.

Dr. Willard W. Hill, assistant curator, Division of Ethnology, re-
signed to enter other service on January 18, 1940.

The year was marked by the loss of Dr. Cyrus Adler, associate in
historic archeology, who died in Philadelphia, Pa., on April 7, 1940.
Dr. Adler had been associated with the Smithsonian Institution over
50 years. Dr. Maynard M. Metcalf, since March 12, 1925, a collaborator
in the Division of Marine Invertebrates, died on April 19, 1940.

Respectfully submitted.

ALEXANDER Wermors, Assistant Secretary.

Dr. Cuaruses G. ABgor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 2

REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trus-
tees of the National Gallery of Art, the third annual report of the
Board covering its operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940.
Such report is being made pursuant to the provisions of the act of
March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), as amended by the public resolution
of April 13, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th Cong.).

Under the act of March 24, 1937, Congress created, in the Smith-
sonian Institution, a bureau to be directed by a board to be known
as the “Trustees of the National Gallery of Art,” charged with the
maintenance and administration of the National Gallery of Art.

In addition, Congress appropriated to the Smithsonian Institution
the area bounded by Seventh Street, Constitution Avenue, Fourth
Street, and North Mall Drive (now Madison Drive) Northwest, in
the District of Columbia, as a site for a National Gallery of Art and
authorized the Smithsonian Institution to permit The A. W. Mellon
Educational and Charitable Trust, a public charitable trust, estab-
lished by the late Hon. Andrew W. Mellon, of Pittsburgh, Pa., to
construct thereon a building to be designated the “National Gallery
of Art.” Further, the act authorizes the Board to accept, for the
Smithsonian Institution, and to hold and administer gifts, bequests
and devises of money, securities, or other property for the benefit
of the National Gallery of Art. To date two great collections of out-
standing works of art have been received by the Trustees of the
Gallery; namely, the Mellon Collection and the Samuel H. Kress Col-
lection, which will be housed and exhibited in the Gallery building
now being constructed in Washington. Under the creating act, the
United States is pledged to provide such funds as may be necessary
for the upkeep of the National Gallery of Art and the administrative
expenses and costs of operation thereof, including the protection and
care of the works of art so that the Gallery shall at all times be prop-
erly maintained and the works of art exhibited regularly to the general
public.

ORGANIZATION AND STAFF

The statutory members of the Board are the Chief Justice of the
United States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury,
and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio, and five

31

Sy ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

general trustees. The general trustees, serving during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1940, were David K. E. Bruce, Duncan Phillips,
Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Joseph EK. Widener, and Samuel H. Kress.

At the annual meeting of the Board held February 12, 1940, David
K. E. Bruce was elected President and Ferdinand Lammot Belin was
elected Vice President of the Board to serve for the ensuing year.
Other executive officers continuing in office were Donald D. Shepard,
Secretary-Treasurer and General Counsel, David E. Finley, Director,
Harry A. McBride, Administrator, and John Walker, Chief Curator.
At the same meeting the Board elected Macgill James of Baltimore,
Maryland, to be Assistant Director. Mr. James has been serving as
Director of the Municipal Museum of the City of Baltimore and is
well qualified by experience and training to perform the duties of
Assistant Director of the National Gallery of Art. Mr. James will
begin his Gallery duties in the near future.

Other officers of the Gallery appointed during the year were Charles
Seymour, Jr., formerly Instructor of History of Art and History in
the Department of Fine Arts at Yale University, as Curator of
Sculpture; George T. Heckert, as Assistant to the Administrator ; and
Sterling P. Eagleton, as Chief Engineer and Building Superintendent.

The three standing committees of the Board, provided for in
the bylaws, as constituted at the annual meeting of the Board
held February 12, 1940, are:

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Chief Justice of the United States, Charles Evans Hughes.
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. C. G. Abbot.
David K. E. Bruce.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
Dunean Phillips.

FINANCE COMMITTEE

The Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
The Secretary of State, Cordell Hull.
David K. BE. Bruce.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
Samuel H. Kress.
ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE

David K. E. Bruce.
Dunean Phillips.

Joseph HE. Widener.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
David EH. Finley.

During the year satisfactory progress has been made in the
work of organizing the Gallery staff. All the positions required
with few exceptions have now been classified by the Civil Service
Commission, and examinations for several positions in the artistic.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 33

and professional field have been held by the Commission. The nu-
clear staff has been slightly increased so that it will be in a position
to employ and train the staff which will be required when the build-
ing is completed and taken over by the Government. ‘Twelve persons
were employed on the Government roll as of June 30, 1940. This
staff has been engaged in preparatory work and the compilation
of the catalogs for the Gallery, and in the purchase of supplies
and furniture to be placed in the Gallery building when completed,
and in other matters looking toward the opening of the Gallery
to the public. Until the Gallery is completed, the staff is being
housed in offices furnished by The A. W. Mellon Educational and
Charitable Trust. .

A large part of the equipment, supplies, furniture, and furnish-
ings have been purchased for delivery as soon as the building is
completed. Favorable progress has been made upon the complete
cataloging of the works of art in the national collections which will
be housed in the Gallery building.

APPROPRIATIONS

For salaries and expenses, for the upkeep and operation of the
National Gallery of Art, the protection and care of the works of
art therein, and all administrative expenses incident thereto, as
authorized by the act of March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), as amended
by the public resolution of April 18, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th
Cong.), there was appropriated for the fiscal year 1941 the sum of
$300,000. Of the sum of $159,000 appropriated by Congress for
the period July 1, 1939, to June 30, 1940 (53 Stat. 984), $158,985.75
was expended or encumbered, in the following detailed amounts,
for personal services, printing and binding, and supphes and equip-
ment, leaving an unencumbered appropriation of $14.25.

Hapenditures and encumbrances

PCrSOMAN SCL VIC CS sate a mew eee ee ee ee, Ee eee eee $21, 284. 63

IPrimtkin oan ah DH G1 oe eee ee eee SE ee SE 1, 901. 47

Supplies and equipment______________________________ 135, 799. 65

ADO eee) RP 5 ere ee ee Sg oy Re ee eee 158, 985. 75
ACQUISITIONS

On February 12, 1940, the Board of Trustees accepted, from The
A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, a valuable gift of 11
celebrated paintings by early American artists which are considered
outstanding not only for their aesthetic but also their historical merit.
These paintings will be placed in specially designed rooms when the
building iscompleted. This gift marks the first step toward setting up

34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

in the National Gallery a section devoted to the advancement and pres-
ervation of American art. The gift includes the noted painting of
the family of George Washington by Edward Savage. Other paint-
ings given are as follows:

Painting Artist
eLohn Rano Oli nia. = ee ee ee ee ee ee Gilbert Stuart.
Mrs: Richard ales= 2222 a ee eee ee Do.

a ALA WEEN CCV aie gis aa en Neen Dees ere eee ae Do.
George Washing tone ss) 222ee se eae Do.
Joseph! Coolidge 4 Ms. ME ete RT tAbe Ee eee Do.
Alexander Hamilton =: 2a 2s see eee Se John Trumbull.
William, VanshiViuirna y# oes sok 2 Lees Mather Brown.
Richard: Hare gel Oy Cs eee eee ee ee John Copley.
ColoneliGuy Johnson noe aa ee ee Benjamin West.
John Randolph] Sos so een ee ee ee Chester Harding.
A Yioune Maninia Warce Hato 22) ee eee Frans Hals.
ATR rict t caree tet) eter Ss tae), ORS eee Rembrandt.
Portraitoramlemish lady! = 2-18 22 eee eee Van Dyck.

At the same meeting the Board also accepted from Mr. Mellon’s
charitable trust two fountain groups by Pierre Legros and Jean
Baptiste Tubi. These groups were executed in 1672 on orders of
Louis XIV as a part of the decoration for the celebrated Theatre
d’Eau at Versailles and are exceedingly valuable not only for their
antiquity but for the quality of art they reflect. They are admirably
suited for the settings arranged for them. One will be placed in each
of the spacious garden courts which form an important architectural
feature of the main floor of the Gallery.

During the year other offers of gifts of works of art were received
but were not accepted because, in the opinion of the Board, they were
not considered desirable acquisitions for the permanent collection of
the Gallery as contemplated by section 5 (b) of the act of March 24,
1937.

EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART

On June 17, 1940, the duly authorized officers of the Gallery, as
directed by the Board, on recommendations of the acquisitions com-
mittee, exchanged a terra-cotta bust representing Giovanna Tornabuoni
and attributed to Verrocchio, in the Mellon collection, for the painting
by Aelbert Cuyp entitled “The Maas at Dordrecht” and two monu-
mental eighteenth century marble vases by Clodion (Claude Michel),
all to be included in the permanent collection as more desirable and
needed acquisitions for the Gallery. The two marble vases by Clodion
are signed and dated 1782 and are said to have been made for the
Palace of Versailles during the reign of Louis XVI. The painting
by Cuyp is said by experts to be one of the greatest masterpieces of the
work of that master of the Dutch school of the seventeenth century.
The exchange had the approval of the donor.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35

RESTORATION AND REPAIRS TO WORKS OF ART

During the year, as authorized by the Board, Stephen Pichetto,
Consultant Restorer to the Gallery, has undertaken such work of repair
and restoration of paintings as has been found to be necessary, at his
studio in New York. Such paintings when completed have been
returned in excellent condition. Other necessary repairs and restora-
tion to works of art in the collections will be done by Mr. Pichetto
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941.

PAINTINGS LOANED AND RETURNED

During the year the following paintings from the Mellon collec-
tion were returned from the Masterpieces of Art Exhibition at the
New York World’s Fair where they had been on loan for the period
April 80 to October 31, 1939, as reported by the Board of Trustees
last year:

Painting Artist
SelftsPoutraltve 28 eae ee a a es ER ee Rembrandt.
Ane OldewomanySeatedit 222) a Ta I ee Hals
A Gentleman Greeting a Lady___________________________ Terborch.

Also, the following paintings from the Mellon collection were re-
turned from the Golden Gate International Exposition at San Fran-
cisco where they had been on loan for the period February 16 to
December 31, 1939, as reported by the Board of Trustees last year:

Painting Artist
AD Young evan, at Table. 222.26 ea eS Rembrandt.
Portrait of Balthasar Coymans_________________-_- Hals.
ZY Duteh Courtyard JS os Ee eee Pieter de Hooch.

CURATORIAL WORK

Curatorial work during the year consisted primarily of studying
and cataloging the large Mellon and Samuel H. Kress collections
and in making recommendations for the installation of these collec-
tions in the Gallery building when it is completed.

PUBLICATIONS FUND

In its meeting of February 12, 1940, the Board adopted a resolu-
tion approving a plan for a publications fund. Carrying this plan
into effect, a sum was advanced by The A. W. Mellon Educational
and Charitable Trust to establish the Publications Fund, the pur-
pose of which is to ensure that catalogs, handbooks, color reproduc-
tions, postcards, and similar material, of the highest quality but at
moderate cost, shall be available to the public for educational and
study purposes when the Gallery is opened. Considerable progress
has already been made in the preparation of these publications.

36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

GALLERY CONSTRUCTION

Work on the Gallery building and landscaping on the site was
started in the summer of 1937 and is rapidly nearing completion.
It is hoped that construction will be completed in November of this
year. Several months will be required for decorating the exhibition
rooms and installing the collection. Formal opening of the Gallery
to the public, therefore may take place in March. As of June 30,
1940, $11,271,786.63 had been expended by The A. W. Mellon Edu-
cational and Charitable Trust for the construction of the building
and landscaping of the site. It is estimated that the total construc-
tion cost of the building and landscaping will exceed $15,000,000.
Upon advice of the accountants of the Gallery, recording of such
costs on the books of the National Gallery of Art will be deferred
until the building is turned over to the Smithsonian Institution and
the trustees of the Gallery.

AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY

Price, Waterhouse & Co., a nationally known firm of public ac-
countants, has made an examination of the accounting records main-
tained for the private funds of the National Gallery of Art and its
Publications Fund for the year ended June 30, 1940. The certificate
of Price, Waterhouse & Co. follows:

In accordance with instructions, we have made an examination of the ac-
counting records maintained for the private funds of the National Gallery of
Art and its Publications Fund for the year ending June 30, 1940, and have ob-
tained information and explanations from its officers and employees. Records
relating to the disbursement of public funds appropriated by Congress for the
upkeep of the National Gallery of Art or the administrative expenses and cost
of operation were not within the scope of our examination.

The recorded assets of the National Gallery of Art at June 30, 1940, com-
prised works of art donated by The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable
Trust and by Mr. Samuel H. Kress and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, or
works of art acquired in exchange for donated items. The works of art ac-
quired from The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust were valued
for accounting purposes at $31,892,502.31, including $589,340 for items acquired
during the year under review. One piece of sculpture included in the first-
mentioned amount at $185,000 was exchanged during the year for two vases
and a painting appraised at values aggregating the same amount. The value
for accounting purposes of the works of art donated June 29, 1939, by Mr.
Samuel H. Kress and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation has not yet been deter-
mined. This gift is subject to completion of construction of the Gallery build-
ing on or before June 29, 1941, as provided in the gift indenture. The cost of
construction of the building is being met by The A. W. Mellon Educational and
Charitable Trust and the recording of the expenditures on the books of the
National Gallery of Art is deferred until completion of the building.

The Publications Fund, National Gallery of Art was created by an indenture
dated February 28, 1940 between The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37

Trust and three of the officers of the National Gallery of Art designated as
“Custodians.” The Fund was established for the purpose of making avail-
able to the public, at reasonable cost, catalogues and other publications con-
cerning the works of art. The Trust advanced to the Custodians the sum of
$40,000, and the indenture provides for repayment after July 1, 1941, out of
profits, if any, from sale of publications and for transfer of any remaining
assets of the Fund to the National Gallery of Art after the advance has been
entirely paid. We obtained a confirmation from the National Metropolitan
Bank of the amount of $40,000 on deposit at June 30, 1940.

Our examination disclosed no other transactions to June 30, 1940, which
should be recorded in the books of account. We did not inspect the works
of art but we examined the deeds of trust which provide that the donors
shall be responsible for the custody and shall bear the cost of storage and
insurance until the delivery of the works of art after completion of the Gallery
building.

In our opinion, subject to the fact that the value of the works of art ac
quired June 29, 1939, has not been determined and recorded, the books of
account fairly reflect the transactions pertaining to the private funds of the
National Gallery of Art and of the Publications Fund, National Gallery of
Art, at June 30, 1940, in conformity with generally accepted accounting prin-
ciples applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year.

Respectfully submitted.
F. L. Benin, Vice President.
Dr. C. G. Axzor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 3
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac-
tivities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1940:

The beginning of the year found the Gallery in the throes of
major repairs which continued for several months after the first of
July. The galleries were reopened to the public October 4, 1939.
A new background of rubber-backed monk’s cloth was used, with all
trimmings, baseboards, railings, and reflectors painted to match.
This produces such a soft, quiet effect that all attention is centered
on the exhibits themselves. The pictures were all put in first-class
condition and backed.

Five special exhibits were held in the foyer, and two, of minia-
tures, in the Gallery proper. The Smithsonian Building, where
Graphic Arts exhibits have usually been held, was closed to the
public on account of alterations, so that the nine such exhibits held
during the year were transferred to the north lobby of the Natural
History Building and were displayed in National Collection of Fine
Arts cases.

Three miniatures were purchased and two others were received as
loans. Loans of large objects or paintings cannot be accepted because
of crowded conditions in the galleries and in storage.

APPROPRIATIONS

For the administration of the National Collection of Fine Arts by
the Smithsonian Institution, including compensation of necessary
employees, purchase of books of reference and periodicals, traveling
expenses, uniforms for guards, and necessary incidental expenses,
$33,765 was appropriated, of which $11,999.89 was expended for the
care and maintenance of the Freer Gallery of Art, a unit of the
National Collection of Fine Arts. The balance of $21,765.11 was
spent for the care and upkeep of the National Collection of Fine Arts,
nearly all of this sum being required for the payment of salaries,
traveling expenses, books, periodicals, and necessary disbursements
for the care of the collection.

38

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 389

THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION

The nineteenth annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission
was held on December 5, 1939. The members met at 10:30 in the
Natural History Building, where, as the advisory committee on the
acceptance of works of art which had been submitted during the year,
they accepted the following:

Oil painting “Young Girl with Dog,” by Hdward Percy Moran, 1890 (1862-1925) .
Bequest of Alfred Duane Pell.

Mr. McClellan and Mr. Lodge were appointed to select objects from
the 207 ceramics, 106 ivory carvings, 30 fans, 5 pieces of silver, 3
tapestries, and 3 chairs, received from the bequest of Alfred Duane
Pell, which they considered suitable for the National Collection of
Fine Arts.

After a brief visit to the Freer Gallery of Art, the members pro-
ceeded to the regent’s room in the Smithsonian Building for the
further proceedings, the meeting being called to order by the chairman,
Mr. Borie.

The members present were: Charles L. Borie, Jr., chairman; Frank
Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman; Dr. Charles G. Abbot (ex officio),
secretary; and Louis Ayres, David E. Finley, John E. Lodge, Paul
Manship, George B. McClellan, Edward W. Redfield, and Mahonri M.
Young. Ruel P. Tolman, Curator of the Division of Graphic Arts
in the United States National Museum and Acting Director of the
National Collection of Fine Arts, was also present.

The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents the reelec-
tion of Louis Ayres, James E. Fraser, George H. Edgell, and Frank
Jewett Mather, Jr.

The following officers were reelected for the ensuing year: Charles L.
Borie, Jr., chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman, and
Dr. Charles G. Abbot, secretary.

The following were reelected members of the executive committee
for the ensuing year: George B. McClellan (chairman), Herbert
Adams, and Gilmore D. Clarke. Charles L. Borie, Jr., as chairman of
the Commission, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, as secretary of the Com-
mission, are ex-officio members of the executive committee.

Dr. Abbot reported in detail regarding various phases of the act
providing for the Smithsonian Gallery of Art; of the rules under
which the recent competition for a design for the Gallery had been
carried out; of the results of the competition; and of the suitability
of the prize-winning design. After a very full discussion by the
Commission, during which Dr. Abbot stated that he would be glad
to submit to the forthcoming meeting of the Board of Regents any

267760 40-4

40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

expression of opinion which the Commission might agree upon, Mr.
Mather submitted the following resolution which the members present,
on motion, adopted as their opinion in the matter:

The primary purpose of the Smithsonian Gallery of Art is worthily to house,
classify, and exhibit such art collections as the Smithsonian Institution now has
or shall have. The secondary purpose is to make an educational use of such art
collections through direct instruction at Washington or through loan exhibitions
in the United States or elsewhere.

THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND

Three miniatures were acquired from the fund established through
the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, as follows:

19. “Portrait of I. G.,” by an unknown artist; from John Schwarz,
Baltimore, Md.

20. “Portrait of a Colonial Gentleman,” signed Copley, 1773; from
Whitlock’s Incorporated, New Haven, Conn.

21. “Portrait of a Man,” by an unknown artist; from Michael J.
de Sherbinin, Mount Vernon, N. Y.

LOANS ACCEPTED

A miniature of Mrs. Robert Means, by Edward Greene Malbone
(1777-1807) was lent by J. J. Pringle, Jr., Alexandria, Va.

A miniature of Ebenezer Martin (1791-1876) by an unknown artist,
was lent by Miss Alice L. Wood, Blowing Rock, N. C.

A portrait of Mr. Justice Brandeis, by Joseph Tepper, was lent by
the friends of Mr. Justice Brandeis, through Paul A. Freund, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass.

Three paintings—‘Portrait of Woman in White” by Haggenaes,
“Linlithgan Bridge” by Macaulay Stevenson, and “Landscape—
Moonlight,” by E. R. Menard—were lent by Miss A. M. Hegeman,
Washington, D. C.

LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS

An oil painting, “Brittany Sunday,” by Eugene Vail, was lent to
the Corcoran Gallery of Art for a memorial exhibition from January
6 to 28, 1940. (Returned February 1, 1940.)

Two oil paintings, “Portrait of Stephen Decatur,” by Gilbert Stuart,
and “Portrait of Admiral Sims,” by Irving R. Wiles, were lent to the
United States Naval Academy for an exhibition of Masterpieces of
Painting and Graphic Arts relating to Naval Personages and Tradi-
tions from April 6 to May 15, 1940. (Returned May 20, 1940.)

The following four paintings were lent in April 1940 to The Public
Library of the District of Columbia:

-REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Al

“Portrait of Thomas McKean” by Charles Willson Peale, and “Portrait of
Mary Abigail Willing Coale” by Thomas Sully, to the Georgetown Branch.

“Madonna with Halo of Stars” by an unknown artist, to the Southeastern
Branch.

“Musa Regina” by Henry Oliver Walker, to the Northeastern Branch.

An oul painting, “Portrait of Mary Hopkinson (wife of Dr. John
Morgan),” by Benjamin West, was lent May 20, 1940 to the Master-
pieces of Art exhibition at the New York World’s Fair, 1940.

Two oil paintings, “The Torrent” and “Fishing Boats at
‘Gloucester,” by John Twachtman, were lent to the Munson-Williams-
Proctor Institute, Utica, N. Y., for an exhibition of the work of John
Twachtman from November 5 to 28, 1939. (Returned December 1,
1939.)

An oil painting, “Moonlight,” by Albert P. Ryder, was lent to
M. Knoedler & Co., New York City, for an exhibition of paintings
by Albert P. Ryder and Robert L. Newman called “Two American
Romantics” from November 13 to December 2, 1939. (Returned De-
cember 6, 1939.)

Two oil paintings, “Caresse Enfantine,” by Mary Cassatt, and
“Sunset, Navarro Ridge, California Coast,” by Ralph A. Blakelock,
were lent to the Art Institute of Chicago for an exhibition, “Half a
‘Century of American Art (1888-1939),”’ from November 16, 1939, to
January 7, 1940. The Blakelock painting was forwarded to Chicago
at the close of the Golden Gate International Exposition, San Fran-
cisco, Calif. (Returned January 10, 1940.)

LOANS RETURNED

- The painting “Friendly Neighbors,” by Alfred C. Howland, lent

to Harvard University, William Hayes Fogg Art Museum, Cam-
bridge, Mass., for an exhibition of New England genre by New Eng-
land artists, was returned September 8, 1939.

THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS REFERENCE LIBRARY

A total of 471 publications, including 334 acquired by purchase and
‘2 by transfer, were accessioned during the year.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

The Acting Director visited and studied collections and methods
of installation in New England galleries from August 21 to Septem-
‘ber 1, 1939.

Four colored lantern slides were lent to Holbrook Muller for use
in connection with a lecture given at the Washington Heights Pres-
ibyterian Church, December 26, 1939.

42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS

The following exhibitions were held:

November 9 to 29, 1939.—The Fifth Annual Metropolitan State
Art Contest, 1939, under the auspices of the Department of Fine
Arts of the District of Columbia Federation of Women’s Clubs.
There were 272 exhibits, paintings, sculpture, and prints, by 128
artists.

December 12, 1939, to January 1, 1940—Special exhibition of 29
pastel and oil paintings by Esteban Valderrama, under the patronage
of His Excellency the Ambassador of Cuba, Sefor Dr. Pedro Martinez
Fraga.

December 15, 1939, to February 8, 1940.—Special exhibition of a
miniature by Juan de Dios Hoyos, under the patronage of His
Excellency the Ambassador of Mexico, Senor Dr. Francisco Castillo
Najera.

January 9 to 25, 1940.—Special exhibition of 83 pieces of wood
turnings by James L, Prestini of Lake Forest, Ill.

January 9 to 31, 1940.—Special exhibition of 24 portraits and 5
drawings by John Slavin, of Richmond, Va.

April 4 to 28, 1940.—Special exhibition of 153 paintings by 31
members of the Landscape Club of Washington, D. C.

May 25 to June 10, 1940.—Special exhibition of 108 miniatures
by 61 members of the Pennsylvania Society of Miniature Painters.

PUBLICATIONS

ToLtMAN, R. P. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts for the year
ended June 30, 19389. Appendix 8, Report of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1939, pp. 47-51.

LopcE, J. E. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30,
1939. Appendix 4, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
for the year ended June 30, 1939, pp. 52-55.

Respectfully submitted.
R. P. Totman, Acting Director.

Dr. C. G. ABsor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 4
REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART

Sir: I have the honor to submit the twentieth annual report on the
Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1940:

THE COLLECTIONS
Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows:

BAMBOO

39.78—

39.79. Chinese, seventeenth-eighteenth century. By Chang Shih-huang. Two
prush-holders with landscape designs, inscriptions and signatures
carved in delicate relief. Heights: 0.122 x 0.106 respectively.

BRONZE

39.38. Chinese, Eastern Han dynasty, dated in correspondence with A. D. 174.
A mirror. Smooth black patina ; decoration and inscription in counter-
sunk relief. Diameter: 0.182.

39.39—

39.40. Chinese, late Shang dynasty, fourteenth-twelfth century B. C. Two
ceremonial weapons of the type ké, each ornamented on both sides
with turquoise inlay. Rough green patina. Lengths: 0.393 and 0.391,
respectively.

39.41. Chinese, late Chou dynasty, fifth-third century B. C. A ceremonial
vessel of the type tow. Granular, bluish green patination ; design
inlaid with gold. 0.151 x 0.189 over all.

39.52. Chinese, Western Chin dynasty, third century A. D. A mirror. White
bronze patinated in black, gray, and green with earthy encrustations.
On the back, concentric zones of mythological and legendary subjects
in high and countersunk relief. A dedicatory inscription of 43 char-
acters. Diameter: 0.175.

39.53. Chinese, early Chou dynasty or earlier, twelfth century B, C. A cere-
monial vessel of the type kuang. White bronze with smooth light
gray-green patina. Decoration in linear relief. 0.169 x 0.196 over all.
(Illustrated. )

40.3. Chinese, late Shang dynasty, fourteenth—-twelfth century B. C. A vase
of the type ku. White bronze with a green and black patina. Decora-
tion in linear relief. Inscription. 0.284 x 0.157 over all.

BRONZE AND JADE

40.10. Chinese, late Shang dynasty, fourteenth—-twelfth century B.C. Probably
from An-yang. A ceremonial sickle in four parts: three of bronze
inlaid with turquoise; one (the blade) of jade decorated in linear
relief with notched back and ground edge. 0.345 x 0.175 over all (when
assembled with all parts in contact). (Illustrated. )

43

44

39.54.

39.55.

39.43.

39.56.

40.2.

39.44

a—b.

39.495.

39.58.

40.4—
40.9.

40.4—

40.5.

40.6.

40.7.

40.8.

40.9.

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

JADE

Chinese, middle Chou dynasty, eighth—fifth century B. C. An oblong
ornament of reddish color shading to gray-green; somewhat trans-
lucent; decoration in linear relief. 0.073 x 0.033. over all.

Chinese, early Chou dynasty, twelfth-eighth century B. C. A cere-
monial “toothed” blade of a yellow-brown color with cloudy mottlings
of darker brown. 0.411 x 0.065 over all.

MANUSCRIPT

(See also Painting, 39.49b and 39.50b)

East Indian, fifteenth century. Part of a Jaina sitra: nine leaves of
thin paper between brocade-covered boards. Two miniatures. (See
under Painting, 39.43.) 0.074x 0.253 (average leaf).

Arabie (Persia), Seljuq period, eleventh-twelfth century. A leaf from
a Quwain. The text is written in slender Kufice script in black ink on
a ground filled with palmette scrolls drawn in brown ink; vowel-signs
in red, blue, and brown. Gold verse-stops, borders, and marginal
ornaments. 0.323 x 0.214.

MARBLE

Chinese, late Shang dynasty, fourteenth-twelfth century B.C. A terminal
ornament in the form of a bird; surface details in linear relief on both
sides. 0.121 x 0.070 over ail.

METAL WORK

Iranian (Persian) late eighteenth century. A dagger and sheath, prob-
ably made in Shiraz. Curved, double-edged blade of steel. Hilt and
scabbard of iron ornamented with gold inlay; arabesques and inscrip-
tions in relief. Length: 0.372.

Iranian (Persian) sixteenth century. A pierced steel rectangular plaque,
a portion of a frieze, containing two medallions with naskhi insecrip-
tions on a ground of tendril scrollwork. 0.077 x 0.269. bf

Syro-Egyptian, sixteenth century. A globular brass hand-warmer made
in two hemispheres, one fitted with a fire pot hung in gimbals. The
surface is pierced with small holes; the decoration engraved and inlaid
with silver. Diameter: 0.125.

Iranian (Persian) sixteenth-seventeenth century. Six small objects of
iron and steel:

Two sheet-iron comb-backs with sockets for teeth. The decoration is
engraved and inlaid with silver and gold. 0.062x0.077 and
0.061 x 0.109, respectively.

A steel hatchet (or chopper) head with screwpin and nut for shafting.
Decoration pierced and engraved. 0.159 x 0.078 over all.

A steel flint-striker in the form of a bird; the decoration is engraved and
inlaid with gold; jewels (one damaged) set in the eyes. 0.087 x 0.050
over all.

A rectangular steel ornament of interlacing vine-secrolls in delicate pierced
work. 0.038 x 0.071 over all.

A circular steel ornament: pierced work with the bismallah in gold on
a ground of tendrils; gold border. Diameter: 0.046.

Secretary's Report, 1940.—Appendix 4 PLATE

40.10

A RECENT ADDITION TO THE COLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART.

Secretary's Report, 1940.—Appendix 4 PLATE 2

39.50a 39.48b

SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART.

39.37.

39.59.

39.60.

40.1.

39.43.

39.46a—
39.50b.

39.46a.
39.46b.

39.47a.

39.47b.
39.48a.

39.48b.

39.49a.

39.49b.

39.50a.

39.50b.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45

PAINTING

Chinese, Sung dynasty or earlier. Style of Chou Fang. “Ladies playing
double-sixes.” Color on silk. Title, one other inscription, and 3 seals
on the mount. Makimono: 0.307 x 0.480.

Chinese, Ming dynasty, dated in correspondence with A. D. 15386. By
Wen Pi (Chéng-ming, 1470-1567). A landscape. Ink on paper. In-
scription and 16 seals on the picture; 2 inscriptions and 2 seals on the
mount. Makimono: 0.314 x 2.908.

Chinese, Yiian dynasty, fourteenth century. By Wang Méng (died 1385).
A landscape. Ink and color on paper. One inscription and 10 seals on
the picture ; label, 4 inscriptions and 25 seals on the mount. Makimono:
0.245 x 0.972.

Chinese, Ming dynasty, fifteenth-sixteenth century. By T‘ang Yin (1466—
1524). Landscape. Ink and color on paper. One inscription and 5
seals on the picture; label, 9 inscriptions and 28 seals on the mount.
Makimono: 0.283 x 1.030.

Chinese, Yiian dynasty, fourteenth century. Attribution to Chao Lin.
Tatar horsemen. Ink and gold on paper. Two inscriptions and 7
seals on the picture; label on the mount. Makimono: 1.083 x 0.238.

Indian, fifteenth century. Two miniatures illustrating part of a Jaina
stitra (see also Manuscript, 39.43). Color and metallic lustre on paper :
Leaf 1: A deity enthroned; two worshippers. Leaf 3: A deity en-
throned; six other figures. 0.074 x 0.058 and 0.073 x 0.058, respectively.

Indian, Mughal, seventeenth century. Five leaves from a royal album
upon which are mounted eight paintings on paper and two pages of
Persian calligraphy (qita‘) :

School of Shih Jahin. By Govardhan. An equestrian portrait of
the Emperor Shah Jahan. Color and gold. Signature. 0.268 x 0.181.

School of Jahangir. By Mansur. A bird. Color. Signature. 0.114 x
0.205.

School of Jahangir. Dated in correspondence with A. D. 1620. Attri-
bution to Farrukh Beg. Shah Tahmasp in the mountains. Color
and gold. Inscription. 0.219 x 0.138.

School of Jahangir. By Muhammad. A bird. Color and gold. In-
scription. 0.142 x 0.100.

Schoo] of Jahangir. Attribution to Manstir. Two deer in a land-
scape. Color and gold. Inscription. 0.167 x 0.098.

School of Jahangir. Dated in correspondence with A. D. 1610. The
Emperor Humiaytin enthroned, a sword bearer in attendance. Color
and gold. Inscription. 0.181x0.119. (MIllustrated.)

School of Shah Jahan. Dated in correspondence with A. D. 1629. By
Hashim. The Hmperor Shah Jahan standing upon a globe; above,
angels in clouds bearing insignia of sovereignty. Color and gold;
faint outline drawings on the globe. Signature and inscriptions.
0.251 x 0.158.

Persian, sixteenth century. By Mir ‘Ali. An illuminated qita’.
Nastia‘liq script on blue paper. Signature. 0.171 x 0.092.

School of Jahangir, ca. A. D. 1625. By Hashim. A portrait of the
Khan-Khanan (‘Abd-‘r-Rahim). Color and gold. Signature. 0.149 x
0.082. (Illustrated).

Persian, sixteenth century. By Mir ‘Ali. An illuminated qifa‘.
Nasta‘lig script on blue paper. Signature. 0.186 x 0.087.

46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

POTTERY

39.42. Chinese, late Shang dynasty, fourteenth-twelfth century B. C. From
An-yang. A jar (mouth chipped and repaired) of soft, white, un-
glazed clay. The decoration is carved in countersunk relief in two
registers. Three pierced knobs of water-buffalo design. 0.332 x 0.305
over all.

39.61—

39.77. Chinese, Ming to Ch‘ing dynasties, sixteenth-nineteenth (?) century.
I-hsing pottery. Seventeen objects of brown, red, or gray polished,
unglazed clay:

39.61. Tea-pot, sixteenth century (?) Attribution to Kung Ch‘un.

39.62. Tea-pot, seventeenth century. By Shih Ta-pin.

39.63. Tea-pot, seventeenth century. By Shih Ta-pin.

39.64. Tea-pot, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1620. By Li enue fang.

39.65. Tea-pot, seventeenth century. By Hsii Yu-ch‘iian.

39.66. Tea-pot, seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ch‘én (styled Kung-chih).

39.67. Tea-pot, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1642. By Shén Tzi-ch‘é.

39.68. Tea-pot, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.69. Tea-pot, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.70. Tea-pot, eighteenth century. By Ch‘én Han-wén.

39.71. ater-pot, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.72. Water-pot, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.73. Incense-box, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.74. Brush-rest, sixteenth-seventeenth century. By Ch‘én Ming-yiian.

39.75. Oval cup, nineteenth century (?). By Ch‘éng-chai.

39.76. Octagonal cup, nineteenth century (?). By Ch‘éng-chai.

39.77. Fluted cup, nineteenth century (7). By Ch‘éng-chai.

Curatorial work has been devoted to the study and recording of the
new acquisitions listed above, and to other Chinese, Arabic, Persian,
East Indian, Aramaic, and Armenian manuscripts or art objects
either already in the permanent collection or submitted for purchase.
Other Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Persian, Egyptian, American, and
European objects were sent or brought to the Director by their
owners for information as to identity, provenance, quality, date, in-
scriptions, and so on. In all, 1,093 objects and 263 photographs of
objects were so submitted, and written or oral reports upon them
were made to the institutions or private owners requesting this
service. Written translations of 21 inscriptions in Oriental lan-
guages also were made upon request.

Forty changes were made in exhibition as follows:

Chinese *prowzeee el 1 RE ee ee ee eee ZA

Chinese Paintin es - 41 We eee as ees Us

Hast Indian” painting= 2 ee eee 12
ATTENDANCE

The Gallery has been open to the public every day from 9 until
4:30 o’clock, with the exception of Mondays, Christmas Day, and New
Year’s Day.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AT

The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance
was 108,638. One hundred and thirty-two other visitors on Mondays
make the grand total 108,770. The total attendance for week days,
exclusive of Mondays, was 77,129: Sundays, 31,509. The average
week-day attendance was 297; the average Sunday attendance, 606.
The highest monthly attendance was, as usual, in April, 18,736; the
lowest in January, 4,351,

There were 1,577 visitors to the main office during the year. The
purposes of their visits were as follows:

Hore generaly informations 2... hPa Se Oe 327
TRORISCOCE ODT CCES UIE SU OMe Ceara a I a ee 419
Hae AHA She TREN IN Semen er) Ss ik ea EE UE ADDN 2 eee 98
Near Hastern paintings and manuscripts_____-_______________________ _ 25
Hast Indian paintings and manuscripts_____---__--__-____-__-_-_--_-__ 10
ACTIN EIEN ENTO FO ATI GIT Staind ee i 25 38
Whistler prints_____________ Ue nm pee Pale Dl aa 9
Oriental pottery, jade, lacquer, bronzes, and sculptures______________ 165
Syeiain, Avealone, auncl Joeagoneia RSS ee
ByZanLiMe, OVJCCtSHS! Fu Jkt bt en ie RPV TACEISE DE tes FACE ET ae 3
Wasmngton, Manusertptsess 22.2 ee ee a Lea iO
Morread in’ the Vibrary.—.--— = STII IS Me rea 215
To make tracings and sketches from library books________________________ 4.
To see the building and installation____________________________-______ 15
To obtain permission to photograph or sketch_______________-__________ 24
To submit objects for examination_____________________ = LIES es eal
omseeemembers OL) the Sta th eee Se ee i ie a 151
To see the exhibition galleries on Mondays__-_____-______--_____--______ 42
To examine or purchase photographs_________________________________ 457

Of the 1,577 visitors to the offices, 182 came in on Mondays.

LECTURES, DOCENT SERVICE, AND AUDITORIUM

Eight illustrated lectures were given by members of the staff in
the auditorium: total attendance, 197. Upon request, 11 groups
ranging from 7 to 20 persons (total, 145) were given instruction
in the study rooms, and 7 groups ranging from 5 to 24 persons (total,
114) were given docent service in the exhibition galleries. The total
number of persons receiving instruction at their own request was
456.

The auditorium has been used by the following groups:

Bureau of Agricultural Economies of the U. 8S. Department of Agri-
culture: 4 meetings; total attendance, 1,200.
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation of the U. S. Department of Agri-

eulture: 4 meetings ; total attendance, 729.
Highth American Scientific Congress: 1 meeting; attendance, 15.

4S ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

PERSON NEL

William R. B. Acker, Student Assistant, left for Holland on
July 3, 1939, to pursue his Chinese studies at the University of
Leiden.

On August 18, 1939, the Gallery suffered a great loss in the death
of its Superintendent, John Bundy, at his home in Ridgewood, N. J.
Mr. Bundy had been associated with the Freer building for more
than 21 years, coming here first as the representative of the archi-
tect, Charles A. Platt, of New York. During 1921 he was trans-
ferred to the staff of the Freer Gallery as Superintendent, a post
he held until his death. To his work he brought not only the highest
degree of technical proficiency, the fruit of long experience, but
also the single-minded devotion of a strong and loyal character.

Weldon N. Rawley, who has been associated with the Gallery since
December 1, 1921, was appointed Superintendent on September 20,
1939.

On March 22, 1940, Eleanor Thompson Snedeker resigned as
assistant, a position she had held since November 15, 1929. On the
same day the appointment of Margaret B. Arnold to succeed Mrs.
Snedeker became effective.

March 28, 1940, Emil L. Zorn reported for duty as senior cabinet-
maker.

Grace T. Whitney worked intermittently at the Gallery between
October 9, 1939, and June 24, 1940, upon translations of Persian
texts.

Respectfully submitted.

J. E. Lover, Director.

Dr. C. G. Assor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 5
REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field
researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri-
can Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940, conducted
in accordance with the act of Congress of March 16, 1939, which
provides “* * * for continuing ethnological researches among the
American Indians and the natives of Hawaii and the excavation
and preservation of archeologic remains. * * *”

SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES

M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, left Washington on Decem-
ber 26 to continue his archeological excavations in southeastern
Mexico. Work was continued at Tres Zapotes until April 20. Two
additional expeditions were made, one to Cerro de Mesa on the Rio
Blanco in the state of Veracruz, and the other to La Venta in
northern Tabasco. As last year, the work was undertaken in cooper-
ation with the National Geographic Society. Dr. Philip Drucker
accompanied Mr. Stirling as assistant archeologist.

As a result of the second season of work, the chronology of the
Tres Zapotes site has now been satisfactorily determined. Indica-
tions are that the site was occupied from a date before the begin-
ning of the Christian era but that it was abandoned sometime before
the beginning of the Spanish conquest.

At Cerro de Mesa, 20 carved stone monuments were located and
photographed, including one with an initial series date in the Maya
calendar. This date reads 9-1-12-14-10, or 1 Oc 3 Uyab. The
discovery of this monument raises to three the number of initial
series now known from the state of Veracruz. Although a very
early Baktun 9 date, it is later than Stela C from Tres Zapotes and
the Tuxtla statuette. Of the 20 monuments at Cerro de Mesa, 12 are
stelae.

Twenty monuments were also unearthed at La Venta, including
five colossal heads, several beautifully carved altars, and some stelae.

At the conclusion of the work the collections were brought to Mex-
ico City and a division of the material was made by the department
of archeology of the Mexican Government, whose splendid coopera-
tion did much to facilitate the work in the field.

49

50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Mr. Stirling attended three anthropological conferences as a dele-
gate of the United States Government, these being the Twenty-
seventh Session, International Congress of Americanists, held at Mex-
ico City, August 5-15, 1939; the First Inter-American Congress on
Indian Life, at Patzcuaro, Michoacan, April 14-24, 1940; and the
Eighth American Scientific Congress, in Washington, May 10-21,
1940.

Dr. J. R. Swanton, ethnologist, devoted the greater part of the
fiscal year to the assembling of material bearing on the ethnology
and early history of the Caddo Indians, former inhabitants of
northwestern Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, northeastern Texas,
and southeastern Oklahoma. This now covers about 700 typewritten
pages including copies of original Spanish and French texts. He
rendered assistance to various local organizations in preparing for
the placing of markers along the trail followed by Hernando de
Soto and celebrations connected with them. Investigations were
undertaken for the United States Board on Geographical Names,
of which Dr. Swanton is a member. A bulletin by him entitled
“Linguistic Material From the Tribes of Southern Texas and North-
eastern Mexico” is now in page proof.

Dr. Swanton was much gratified at the kind recognition tendered
by his anthropological associates this year on the completion of
40 years’ service in the Bureau and the Institution in having dedi-
cated to him volume 100 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec-
tions entitled “Essays in Historical Anthropology of North
America.”

At the beginning of the fiscal year, Dr. John P. Harrington,
ethnologist, was engaged in field studies at Anadarko and Apache,
Okla., on the Kiowa Apache Tribe, in reality a variety of Lipan
and not Apache Indians according to language, and possibly iden-
tical with the “Palomas” of early Spanish archives of New Mexico.
These peoples, which can well be termed “Lipanan” from the Lipan,
one of the tribes, have become extinct or have been shoved far
from their former ranges, with the sole exception of the Kiowa
Apache, which, because of alliance with the powerful Kiowa Tribe,
succeeded in remaining in the region although assimilating the
JGowa culture.

Returning to Washington, Dr. Harrington proceeded in the latter
part of July to Window Rock, Ariz., location of the administrative
headquarters of the Navaho Tribe. Just as the Kiowa Apache
show a subtype of Western Plains culture submerged to that of
the Kiowa, so the Navaho show Great Basin culture with a varnish
of many Pueblo features, and study proves that these Pueblo fea-
tures are in every case directly derived from some particular Pueblo

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 51

with which the Navaho have had century-long contact. For in-
stance, the Navaho of Ramah derive their Pueblo features from
Zuni. The most interesting discovery of all was the prominence
of the buffalo in Navaho ceremony, in which the buffalo plays a
role as large as among the Pueblos.

In the case of both the Kiowa Apache and Navaho, language study
is the most practical means of proving that the language-bearing
‘ancestors of these tribes came from the north, where similar lan-
guages are still spoken, occupying the interior of Alaska and of
western Canada.

Proceeding October 25 to the Chipewyan of eastern Alberta, Can-
ada, Dr. Harrington found them to consist of a southern projecting
tongue of the language of the great Athabaska Lake of northern
Alberta, which derives its name from Algonquian Cree Adhapas-
kaaw, meaning “much grass” and applied originally to the Peace
River Delta at the western end of the lake. Chipewyan means
“pointed skins,” referring to an old habit of dress. The Chipewyan
language proved to be surprisingly close to Navaho in vocabulary
and construction.

Proceeding to the Sarcee language of southern Alberta, Dr. Har-
rington encountered another closely related tongue, and one which is
most nearly affiliated with the Beaver and the Sekeneh, two dialects
that le north of the Sarcee. Dr. Harrington learned the tradition
that the Sarcee and Beaver were originally one people but that in
migrating southward across a frozen lake, the water monster became
angered and broke the ice, those Indians on the northern side becoming
the Beaver and those having crossed to the southern side becoming the
‘SSarcee. The Sarcee were found to have adopted the culture of the
neighboring Blackfeet, and the meaning of the name of the Blackfeet,
Ayaatciyliniw, was found to mean “ugly enemy.”

The Carrier, Chilcotin, and Nicola dialects were reached in Decem-
ber. These are located on the upper Fraser River, especially about
the great lakes at the head of this stream.

The Sekeneh were also reached in British Columbia and the name
‘was found to mean “Rocky Mountain Indian.”

Returning to Washington, Dr. Harrington proceeded in March to
the study of the Tlinkit Indians of southeastern Alaska, finding these
to be related to the Navaho, in a close relationship which cannot mean
many centuries of separation.

Dr. Harrington then proceeded in May to the study of the Atchat, ©
or Kyak, tribe, which was found to have occupied the entire eastern
half of the Gulf of Alaska, a stretch of coast 350 miles long, extending
from Prince William Sound in the west to Latuya Bay in the east.
"This tribe has earlier been called Ugalenz and Eyak, but the real

o2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

name of the tribe has never been known, Atchat meaning “on this
side” or “opposite,” referring to location on the Gulf of Alaska and
opposite the islands. This language also proved to be closely related
with the Navaho, and, as might be expected, more closely related to
the languages of British Columbia and the Navaho than is the island
language.

Dr. Harrington returned to Washington on June 29.

At the beginning of the fiscal year, July 1, Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts,
Jr., archeologist, was engaged in excavating at the Lindenmeier site
in northern Colorado. The investigations were continued through
July and August and were brought to a close for the season on
September 15. The area under examination was a portion of the Fol-
som camp site that has occupied a Bureau of American Ethnology-
Smithsonian Institution Expedition’s attention for several seasons.
The 1939 excavations consisted of the removal of the overburden,
ranging from 314 to 514 feet in thickness, from some 1,540 square feet
of the old area of occupation, digging a series of 10 test trenches in
unsampled parts of the site, and prospecting in outcroppings of the
archeological layer in the banks of a deep ravine that traverses a
portion of the site. The excavations in the camp remains produced
more specimens than any previously made in areas of comparable size.
The collection of artifacts includes typically fluted Folsom points,
fluted knives, knives made from the flakes removed from the faces of
the points in producing the channels, other kinds of flake knives, a
variety of scrapers including several forms of the spokeshave type,
flakes with small points used for marking on bone and wood, hand-
hammer stones and large choppers, red and yellow ochers used for
pigments, bone punches and awls, pieces of decorated bone from ob-
jects of unknown form and function, and tubular bone beads. The
latter are the first to be found in the Folsom Complex. They were
made from shafts of long bones. Unfortunately, the criteria for
identification were removed in the process of manufacture, but they
seem to be rabbit and bird. One of these specimens was decorated
with a series of short parallel lines cut into its surface.

Dr. Roberts returned to the office in Washington on October 1.
During the fall and winter months he read galley and page proofs
on the report “Archeological Remains in the Whitewater District,
Eastern Arizona. Part II. Artifacts and Burials,” which appeared
as Bulletin 126 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. He also
served as technical advisor for “The World is Yours” programs,
“Cortez, the Conquistador” and “Pompeii Lives Again,” and wrote the
article for “The World is Yours” pamphlet on Pompeii. He also |
prepared a manuscript on the subject “Developments in the Problem
of the North American Paleo-Indian.” Galley and page proofs were

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53

read and corrected for this paper, which appeared in the Essays in
Historical Anthropology of North America, volume 100, Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. Special papers on archeological subjects
were prepared and presented before the Pennsylvania State Archeo-
logical Society, the American Anthropological Association, and the
Highth American Scientific Congress.

Dr. Roberts left Washington, May 26, for Colorado and resumed
investigations at the Lindenmeier site. While the preliminary exca-
vations were under way, a number of places in that vicinity were
visited for the purpose of checking purported finds of Folsom ma-
terial. Work at the Lindenmeier site was in full progress at the
close of the fiscal year.

As editor of the Handbook of South American Indians, Dr. Ju-
lian H. Steward, anthropologist, in consultation with leading au-
thorities on South American anthropology, drew up a working
outline for this project. A two-volume, 2,000-page work to be pub-
lished in 5 years, the Handbook will contain articles by specialists
on the various subjects. The volume of essays in honor of Dr.
Swanton, for which Dr. Steward served as technical editor, was
pushed through to a successful conclusion and published on May 25,
1940. Several studies of Shoshonean archeology and ethnology
were written and published.

May 26 to July 1 was spent by Dr. Steward among the Carrier
Indians of British Columbia. Records of land tenure, subsistence
activities, and sociopolitical changes during five generations were
procured from the Stuart Lake and neighboring Carrier. It was
found that within the framework of aboriginal land utilization, the
sociopolitical structure had shifted from a band organization to a
matrilineal clan and potlatch system derived from the coast. In
historic times, the latter had given way before a patrilineal family
system. Records of general ethnography, 100 specimens of native
artifacts, and over 50 specimens of plants used in aboriginal times
were also obtained.

In July 1939 a Latin-American bibliographic conference at Ann
Arbor, Mich., was attended. In December 1939 two papers were
read before the American Anthropological Association in Chicago.
In May 1940 Dr. Steward served as Secretary of the Anthropologi-
cal Section of the Eighth American Scientific Congress, meeting in
Washington.

Henry B. Collins, Jr., ethnologist, continued working over the mate-
rial which he excavated in 1986 at prehistoric Eskimo village sites
around Bering Strait. The collection from one of the sites—Kurigi-
tavik, at Cape Prince of Wales—consists of several thousand artifacts
of ivory, bone, stone, clay, wood, and baleen and provides a detailed

oA ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

picture of prehistoric Eskimo culture of the intermediate Thule-Punuk
stage, the age of which may be estimated at around a thousand years.
The material from Kurigitavik, together with that from two earlier
sites, has provided needed information on the transition from the
Birnirk stage to the Thule, and collections from several later sites
reveal the changes leading up to the culture of modern times.

Manuscripts completed during the year included a general paper
summarizing the archeological evidence bearing on the origin of the
Eskimo and the cultural position of this group in relation to neighbor-
ing peoples in Asia and America; and shorter papers on Eskimo art,
on the voyages of Vitus Bering (for the Smithsonian radio series),
and on prehistoric Indian crania from the Southeast.

Early in July 1939 Dr. William N. Fenton, associate anthropolo-
gist, left for Salamanca, N. Y., to conduct ethnobotanical studies
among the Iroquois Indians. of New York and Canada. He visited
the Senecas of Allegany and Cornplanter Reservations, in southwest-
ern New York and Pennsylvania, and the Mohawks of St. Regis
Reservation, N. Y., and Caughnawaga, Province of Quebec. He
called briefly on the Hurons of Lorette and the Mohawks of Oka,
Lake of the Two Mountains near Montreal. At Ottawa he studied
the extensive catalog of Iroquois ethnological photographs in the
National Museum of Canada. The month of August was passed
among the Iroquois of Six Nations Reserve in Ontario, where he
worked with Simeon Gibson, interpreter to the late J. N. B. Hewitt.
About a hundred herbarium specimens were collected; when identi-
fied at the National Hebarium, these proved to be largely duplicates

-of medical plants gathered in previous years of field work among the

Senecas. Moreover, interesting similarities of plant use and term1-
nology were noted among Seneca, Mohawk, and Cayuga-Onondaga
remnants who now live on widely separated reservations. Such
resemblances suggest older basic Iroquois botanical concepts and
medical practices. Photographs illustrating various activities in
Iroquois herbalism comprise part of 100 negatives that were taken
in the field. The early notes of F. W. Waugh were reviewed with
Mohawk and Cayuga informants, and some paradigms in the several
Iroquois dialects were recorded for comparative purposes. Returning
to Allegany for the Green Corn Festival, Dr. Fenton reached
Washington in mid-September.

During the winter’s office work, Dr. Fenton read in the historical
literature and located towns of the several Iroquois bands at successive
periods in their history, with a view to outlining the major cultural
problems arising from Iroquois tribal movements and conquests. This
study, now published, attempts to begin for the Northeast the type of
systematic approach that Dr. Swanton has accomplished for the
Southeast. Dr. Fenton also published A Further Quest for Iroquois

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55

Medicines, 1n Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian
Institution in 1939, and An Herbarium from the Allegany Senecas,
in The Historic Annals of Southwestern New York. Several lectures
on various aspects of Iroquois culture were delivered to Washington
audiences, and in June, Dr. Fenton addressed a regional meeting of
botanists at the Allegany School of Natural History on “Iroquois
Ethnobotany.”

On May ¥%, 1940, Dr. Fenton again left for Salamanca to resume
field work among the Seneca. Working primarily at Allegany Res-
ervation, he also visited Tonawanda, collecting early spring medic-
inal plants. This season, work with informants was combined with
a project to study Iroquois masks and ceremonial equipment in
museums located near the Iroquois. At the close of the fiscal year,
the extensive Converse collections in the New York State Museum
(Albany) and Montgomery County Historical Society (Fort John-
son), and the Boyle and Chiefswood collections in the Royal Ontario
Museum of Archaeology (Toronto) were measured and _ photo-
graphed. The pictures have proved to be useful in eliciting new
material from informants and promise future usefulness in estab-
lishing local types of carving. A complete record of the mask-
making technique has been made together with photographs of
crucial stages in the process, and the rituals of several shamanistic
sccleties have been taken with a flash camera for the first time. Dr.
Fenton was engaged in field work at the close of the fiscal year.

SPECIAL RESEARCHES

Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the Bureau, continued
her study of Indian music chiefly by completing manuscripts for
publication. A trip was made to Wisconsin Dells, Wis., to confer
with Evergreen Tree, a Cochiti Indian, and to obtain further in-
formation concerning songs he recorded several years previously.
Additional information concerning the peyote cult was also received
from Winnebago informants in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

Nine manuscripts on pueblo music were recast and combined in
a manuscript entitled “Music of Acoma, Isleta, and Cochiti Pueblos,
New Mexico.” Four manuscripts on “Choctaw Music,” previously
submitted, were similarly combined. The manuscript on “Winne-
bago Music” was completed, and a portion of the section on the
peyote cult was restudied, extended, and retyped. These three
manuscripts are now ready for publication.

Eleven manuscripts on the music of the Seminole in Florida were
combined in a tentative manuscript of more than 300 pages. The
number of transcribed Seminole songs now in possession of the

267760—40——_9 es

56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Bureau is 173 and these were arranged in a tentative order, corre-
sponding to the order in the manuscript. About 70 Seminole songs,
recorded in 1932 and 1933, have not yet been submitted to the Bureau.
Work was begun on this material and a few of the songs were
transcribed.

A peculiar custom observed in a few of the oldest Choctaw and
Seminole songs consists in an embellishment of the melody in repe-
titions. It was found that the several renditions differed from one
another and that the Indians were able to sing the simple melody,
without the embellishments. These consisted in the addition of
short, unimportant tones, without changing the trend of the melody.
The custom resembles the improvisation which was noted in the
songs of the Tule Indians of Panama and is in contrast to the exact
repetitions of songs by northern tribes of Indians. A similar custom
exists among Negroes on the Island of Trinidad in the British West
Indies, and has been called Calypso.

According to Louis C. Elson (Curiosities of Music, p. 278, Oliver
Ditson & Co., Boston, 1880), “The power of improvisation which is
so well developed in the African Negro, is fully sustained by his
descendants * * *.”

Miss Densmore presented to the Bureau the original manuscript
of an Onondaga Thanksgiving Song, written down for her in 1903
at Syracuse, N. Y., by Albert Cusick, a prominent Onondaga from
the reservation near that city. The native words with their trans-
lation were also obtained. The song is in two parts, the lower being
rhythmic and resembling a vocal accompaniment to the melody.

EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS

The editorial work of the Bureau has continued during the year
under the immediate direction of the editor, M. Helen Palmer. There
were issued three bulletins, as follows:

Bulletin 101. War ceremony and peace ceremony of the Osage Indians, by
Francis La Flesche. vii+280 pp., 13 pls., 1 fig.

Bulletin 124, Nootka and Quileute music, by Frances Densmore. xxvi-+358 pp.,
24 pls., 7 figs.

Bulletin 125. Ethnography of the Fox Indians, by William Jones. Hdited by
Margaret Welpley Fisher. ix+156 pp.

The following bulletins were in press at the close of the fiscal year:

Bulletin 126. Archeological remains in the Whitewater District, Eastern
Arizona. Part II. Artifacts and burials, by Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. With
appendix, Skeletal remains from the Whitewater District, Eastern Arizona, by
T. D. Stewart. t

Bulletin 127. Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and north-
eastern Mexico, by John R. Swanton.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 57

Bulletin 128. Anthropological papers, numbers 13-18.
No. 18. The mining of gems and ornamental stones by American Indians,

by Sydney H. Ball.

No. 14. Iroquois suicide: A study in the stability of a culture pattern,
by William N. Fenton.

No. 15, Tonawanda Longhouse ceremonies: Ninety years after Lewis
Henry Morgan, by William N. Fenton. :

No. 16. The Quichua-speaking Indians of the Province of Imbabura (Hcua-
dor) and their anthropometric relations with the living popula-
tions of the Andean area, by John Gillin.

No. 17. Art processes in birchbark of the River Desert Algonquin, a cir-
cumboreal trait, by Frank G. Speck.

No. 18. Archeological reconnaissance of southern Utah, by Julian H.
Steward.

Bulletin 129. An archeological survey of Pickwick Basin in the adjacent por-
tions of the States of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee, by William S. Webb
and David L. De Jarnette. With additions by Walter P. Jones, J. P. E. Morri-
son, Marshall T. Newman and Charles BE. Snow, and William G. Haag.

Bulletin 150, Archeological investigations at Buena Vista Lake, Kern County,
California, by Waldo L. Wedel. With appendix, Skeletal remains from Buena
Vista sites, California, by T. Dale Stewart.

Bulletin 181. Peachtree Mound and village site, Cherokee County, North Caro-
lina, by Frank M. Setzler and Jesse D. Jennings. With appendix, Skeletal re-
mains from the Peachtree Site, North Carolina, by T. Dale Stewart.

Publications distributed totaled 13,984.

LIBRARY

There has been no change in the library staff during the fiscal
year. Accessions during the fiscal year totaled 364.

The section of North American periodicals has been reclassified
and reshelved and a temporary shelf-list made. Permanent catalog
and shelf-list cards have been made for part of this material.

The library staff has relabeled and reshelved 4,687 books. All these
are now in the Library of Congress classification. As of June 30,
1940, practically all North American material has been reclassified
and reshelved, almost all Central and South American material, and
about two-thirds of the sections on ethnology other than American.
Library of Congress cards have been ordered when available for all
books reclassified which did not already have them. Practically all
these cards have been prepared and filed in the catalog.

The Librarian attended the meetings of the Inter-American Biblio-
graphical and Library Association at Washington, D. C., in February
and the meetings of the Eighth American Scientific Congress at Wash-
ington in May.

D8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

ILLUSTRATIONS

Following is a summary of work accomplished during the fiscal
year by E. G. Cassedy, illustrator :

Mine Vorawin eS ==. es ee 152 Photographs retouched_____-_____ 35
SV apoNeY Cligehwabaes. 4 Negatives retouched____-_________ 25
Wash s drawings ees ese ee T4'Charts’ 22a ae een ee ee 3
‘Lettering ?|0pSs2 == 184 Mechanical drawings_________- 5
Rlatesmassempled= == === sae 5 ore b4 :

Graphs = ee ee hee ee eee 22 Totals 233 tS eS ae 515
IEW ofS eaten | a As. el 5 ea na ee ele 17

MISCELLANEOUS

During the course of the year information was furnished by mem-
bers of the Bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning
the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexican -
peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various speci-
mens sent to the Bureau were identified and data on them furnished
for their owners.

Personnel.—Miss M. H. Palmer was appointed on July 1, 1939,
as editor to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Stanley
Searles. Miss Ethelwyn E. Carter, junior stenographer, resigned
on September 17, 1939, and Mrs. Catherine M. Phillips was appointed
on November 6, 1939, to fill this vacancy.

Respectfully submitted.

M. W. Sririine, Chief.
Dr. C. G. Axzgor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 6
REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities
of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1940:

The congressional appropriation was $44,880, an increase of $280
over 1939, the extra amount having been allowed for step-ups in the
salaries of certain exchange employees. The collections from repay-
ments amounted to $4,112.24, making the total available resources
$48,999.24.

During the year 639,344 packages passed through the service, a
decrease of 75,583. The weight was 527,545 pounds, a decrease of
192.149 pounds. These large decreases in the number and weight
of packages were due to the interruption of shipments of exchanges
between the United States and a number of foreign countries caused
by the wars in Europe and in China.

The number and weight of packages sent and received through the
service is given in the following table:

Packages Weight
Re- Re-
Sent | ceived | Set | ceived
Pounds | Pounds
United States narliamentary documents sent abroad_____________.__| 342, 246 |_________ TBF G4Siy |e eee
Publications received in return for parliamentary documents_______|_-________ DAG NR eeeRe LNA SD 14, 247
United States departmental documents sent abroad___________.___- H2ORBS1 cep hea. HERP) Wee no
Publications received in return for departmental documents__._____}________- Ge25 a eee oe 17, 790
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad_______| 132,052 |..______- S599 bys eae eee
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from
abroad for distribution in the United States__.___._______________]______-_- Bey oayl lee ee we 49, 233
BDA OG Ea ain wk sp Bea hols eb it |e ara a ee Mole a AR ee el La Oe 594,979 | 44,365 | 436, 276 91, 270
Grand ‘toOtaleey se het es ae eye oes a eget be ke DA 439, 344 527,545

There were shipped abroad 1,894 boxes, a decrease of 1,129 boxes
from the preceding year. Of these boxes, 486 were for depositories
of full sets of United States governmental documents, and the re-
mainder were for miscellaneous institutions and individuals. The
very large decrease in the number of boxes shipped abroad was due,
as stated above, to the interruption of the normal activities of the
Exchange Service by the foreign wars.

59

60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

In addition to the packages transmitted abroad in boxes, there were
forwarded by mail, postage paid, 95,317 packages, an increase of
4,962 over last year. Also, a large number of packages are sent
directly to their destinations by mail under government frank, an
arrangement for the franking privilege having been made between
the postal authorities of the United States and those of certain for-
eign countries. A list of the countries with which this privilege is
in effect is as follows: Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico,
Newfoundland (including Labrador), Nicaragua, Panama, Para-
guay, Peru, Salvador, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

The European war, which began September 3, 1939, has greatly
interrupted the activities of the International Exchange Service.
At the close of the fiscal year the interchange of publications was
suspended between the United States and all European countries
except Great Britain, Finland, and the Soviet Republic. Shipments
to Finland are being made via Petsamo, and shipments to the
U.S. 5. R., by way of Vladivostok.

On account of the Japanese invasion of China, the Chinese Bureau
of International Exchanges was moved from Nanking to Chungking
and the Institution forwarded several large consignments to that
bureau via Haiphong, French Indochina. That channel of transmis-
sion, however, was closed during the middle of the year owing to
operations of the Japanese in that section. Shipments of exchanges
for the Library Association of China and the other organizations
mentioned in the preceding report that have set up temporary quar-
ters in Hong Kong are being continued.

At the outbreak of the European war the London School of Eco-

nomics and Political Science wrote the Institution that
it is intended to maintain the work of this Library as usual despite the out-
break of hostilities between Great Britain and Germany and that accordingly
it would be much appreciated if shipments of United States official documents
would be sent to the Library as usual.
On account of difficulties in shipping conditions caused by the war
it was not possible immediately to transmit consignments to Great
Britain. When, in January 1940, transmissions to that eountry were
resumed, the Librarian of the London School wrote the Institution
in part as follows:

In this matter I have been in close touch with the Librarian of the Patent
Office, which regularly receives U. S. patent specifications through your agency.
I know he would wish to join with me in saying that we are very sensible of
our obligations to you in this matter, and, whilst deploring the additional
work and inconvenience which are inevitably caused to you at the present

time, warmly appreciate the invaluable assistance you are rendering to learned
work in this country.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61

In June the French Bureau of International Exchanges informed
the Institution that 5 boxes forwarded to that bureau in April were
destroyed by fire at the Havre Railroad Station on the night of May
19. Another consignment, consisting of 5 boxes, forwarded in De-
cember 1939 to the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences in Copen-
hagen, according to a report made by the American Scantic Line,
was destroyed on the dock in Bergen, Norway, by fire caused by
airplane bombardment on April 14, 1940.

The above-mentioned consignments are the only shipments that
have been lost during the war, so far as have been reported to the
‘Institution. No doubt a few others have been lost in transit, but
definite information regarding the matter will not be received until
the end of the war.

In April 1940 a letter was received from Dr. A. Holmberg, Chief
Librarian, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, stating
that the work performed by that Academy in distributing exchange
packages to Swedish correspondents henceforth would be assumed
by the Royal Library.

The Smithsonian system of international exchanges between the
United States and foreign countries has been in operation for 90-
years, during 72 of which the Academy of Sciences has acted as the
Swedish exchange distributing agency. Two other establishments,
which at the same time (1868) took over the distribution of packages
for correspondents in their countries, are still carrying on the ex-
change work—the Royal Norwegian University and the Royal Danish
Academy of Sciences.

Shipments of exchanges to Spain, which have been held up since
1936, were resumed in April 1940; but, on account of the disruption
to shipping conditions due to the spread of the European war, it
was not possible to continue transmissions to that country.

FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS

Sets of United States governmental documents are now forwarded
to 104 foreign depositories, a decrease of 4 sets from last year. Sixty
of these depositories receive full sets and 44, partial sets. The sets
that were discontinued were for the Province of Buenos Aires,
Danzig, Liibeck, and Vienna.

The depository in Brazil was changed from the Bibliotheca Na-
cional to Instituto Nacional do Livro, Rio de Janeiro. The deposi-
tory inj Mexico was changed from Departamento Autonomo de
Prensa y Publicidad to Direccién General de Informacién, Mexico,
D. F. The Nicaraguan depository was changed from the Superin-
tendente de Archivos Nacionales, Managua, to Ministerio de Relaciones
Exteriores, Managua.

62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS

ARGENTINA: Direcci6n de Investigaciones, Archivo y Propaganda, Ministerio de
Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Buenos Aires.
AUSTRALIA: Commonwealth Parliament and National Library, Canberra.
New Soutu WAteEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane.
SoutH AUSTRALIA; Parliamentary Library, Adelaide.
TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart.
Victoria: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.
BELGIuM: Bibliothéque Royale, Bruxelles.
Brazit: Instituto Nacional do Livro, Rio de Janeiro.
CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa.
Manirosa: Provincial Library, Winnipeg.
Onrario: Legislative Library, Toronto.
QUEBEC: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec.
CHILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago.
CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Ministry of Education, Chungking.
CoLtomBIA: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota.
Costa RiIcA: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San
Jose. ‘
CuBa: Secretaria de Estado, Direccién de Relaciones Culturales, Habana.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliothéque de Assemblée Nationale, Prague.
DENMARK: Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen.
Heypr: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo.
EsTontA: Riigirnaamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn.
FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsingfors.
FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.
GERMANY: Reichstauschstele im Reichsministerium fiir Wissenschaft, Hrzie-
hung und Volksbildung, Berlin, N. W. 7.
Austria: National-Bibliothek, Wien, I.
BADEN: Universitiits-Bibliothek, Freiburg. (Depository of the State of
Baden. )
BAvariA: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Miinchen.
Prussia: Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7.
Saxony: Siichsische Landesbibliothek, Dresden—N. 6.
WuRTEMBURG: Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart.
GREAT BRITAIN:
ENGLAND: British Museum, London.
Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository
of the London County Council.)
Huncary: Library, Hungarian House of Delegates, Budapest.
InpIA: Imperial Library, Calcutta.
IRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin.
Iraty: Ministero dell’ Educazione Nazionale, Rome.
JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo.
LATVIA: Bibliothéque d’Etat, Riga.
LEAGUE OF Nations: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
Mexico: Direecién General de Informacion, Mexico, D. F.
NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague.
NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY — 63

NORTHERN IRELAND: H. M. Stationery Office, Belfast.

Norway: Universitets-Bibliothek, Oslo. (Depository of the Government of
Norway.)

PERU: Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Ex-
teriores, Lima.

POLAND: Bibliotheque Nationale, Warsaw.

PORTUGAL: Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisbon.

RUMANIA: Academia Romana, Bucharest.

Spain: Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Avenida de Calvo Saree 20,
Madrid.

SweEDen: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm.

SWITZERLAND: Bibliotheque Centrale Fédérale, Berne.

TurKEY: Department of Printing and Engraving, Ministry of Hducation,
Istanbul.

Union oF SoutH Arrica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal.

Union or Sovier Soctartist Repunrics: All-Union Lenin Library, Mcscow 115.

UKRAINE: All-Ukrainian Association for Cultural Relations with Foreign
Countries, Kiev.

UruGUAY: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo.

VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.

YUGOSLAVIA: Ministere de l’Hducation, Belgrade.

DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS

AFGHANISTAN: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Publications Department, Kabul.
Bonivia: Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz.
BRAZIL:
Minas GrerArs: Directoria Geral de Hstatistica em Minas, Bello Horizonte.
Rio DE JANEIRO: Bibliotheca da Assemblea Legislativa do Hstado, Nictheroy.
BritisH Guiana: Government Seeretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara.
BuicartA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Sofia.
CANADA:
ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Edmonton.
British CoLumMBIA: Provincial Library, Victoria.
New Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton.
Nova Scotra: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax.
Prince HpwArp Is~taAnp: Legislative Library, Charlottetown.
SASKATCHEWAN: Legislative Library, Regina.
CryLon: Chief Secretary’s Office (Record Department of the Library), Colombo.
CuiInA: National Library of Peiping, % Fung Ping Shan Chinese Library, Hong
Kong.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca del Senado, Ciudad Trujillo.
Houapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito.
GERMANY :
BREMEN: Staatsbibliothek.
Hamepure: Staats-und Universitits-Bibliothek.
HESsE: Universitiits-Bibliothek, Giessen.
THURINGIA: Rothenberg-Bibliothek, Landesuniversitit, Jena.
GREECE: Library of Parliament, Athens.
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala,
Hairr: Secrétaire d’Htat des Relations Extérieures, Port-au-Prince.
HonpursAs: Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales, Tegucigalpa.
IcpLanp: National Library, Reykjavik.

64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940
d

INDIA:
BENGAL: Secretary, Bengal Legislative Council Department, Council House,
Calcutta.
BIHAR AND ORISSA: Revenue Department, Patna.
Bompay: Undersecretary to the Government of Bombay, General Depart-
ment, Bombay. ;
BurMA: Secretary to the Government of Burma, Education Department,
Rangoon.
Mapras: Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, Public Depart-
ment, Madras.
Punsas: Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab, Lahore.
UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OupH: University of Allahabad, Allahabad.
JAMAICA: Colonial Secretary, Kingston.
Liperta: Department of State, Monrovia.
LITHUANIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Kaunas (Kovno).
Matra: Minister for the Treasury, Valletta.
NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Home Affairs, St. John’s.
NICARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua.
PANAMA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama.
PARAGUAY: Secretario de la Presidencia de la Reptblica, Asuncion.
SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador.
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS: Colonial Secretary, Singapore.
THAILAND: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok.
VATICAN Crry: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City, Italy.

INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL

There are sent to foreign depositories 104 copies of the Congres-
sional Record and the Federal Register. A list of the depositories
of those documents is given below:

DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

ALBANIA: Ministrija Mbretnore e Punéyeté Jashtme, Tirana.
ARGENTINA !
Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Buenos Aires.
Camara de Diputados, Oficina de Informacién Parlamentaria, Buenos Aires.
Boletin Oficial de la Reptblica Argentina, Ministerio de Justicia e Instruc-
cidn Publica, Buenos Aires. *
AUSTRALIA !
Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra.
New Sours WaAtLgEs: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney.
QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth.
BELGIUM: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Représentants, Bruxelles.
BRAZIL:
Bibliotheca do Congresso Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.
AMAZONAS: Archivo, Bibliotheca e Imprensa Publica, Manfos.
Banta: Governador do Estado da Bahia, Sio Salvador.
Hspirito SANTO: Presidencia do Estado do Espirito Santo, Victoria.
Rio GRANDE DO SuL: “A Federacaio,” Porto Alegre.
SerciPe: Bibliotheca Publica do Hstado de Sergipe, Aracajti.
SAo PAvuLto: Diario Official do Estado de S80 Paulo, Sao Paulo.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65

British Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize.
CANADA:
Library of Parliament, Ottawa.
Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa.
CuHinA: National Central Library, Nanking.
CuBA: Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Bibliotheque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague.
DENMARK: Rigsdagens Bureau, Copenhagen.

Heyer:
Chambre des Députés, Cairo. Sénat, Cairo.
FRANCE:
Chambre des Députés, Service de lInformation Parlementaire Etrangére,
Paris.

Bibliothéque du Sénat, au Palais du Luxembourg, Paris.
Bureau de Documentation Générale, Ministére des Finances, Paris I.
Bibliothéque, Direction des Accords commerciaux, Ministére du Commerce,
Paris.
GERMANY:
Deutsche Reichstags-Bibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7
Reichsfinanzministerium, Berlin, W. 8.
ANHALT: Anhaltische Landesbiicherei, Dessau.
AustTriA: Bibliothek im Parlament, Wien I.
BRAUNSCHWEIG: Bibliothek des Braunchsweigischen Staatministeriums,
Braunschweig.
MECKLENBURG: Staatsministerium, Schwerin.
OLDENBURG: Oldenburgisches Staatsministerium, Oldenburg i. O.
SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE: Schaumburg-Lippische Landesregierung, Bticheburg.
GIBRALTAR: Gibraltar Garrison Library Committee, Gibraltar.
GREAT BRITAIN: Library of the Foreign Office, London.
GREECE: Library of Parliament, Athens.
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala.
HonpurAs: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa.
Hungary: A Magyar orsziggyiilés koényvtaré, Budapest.
InprA: Legislative Department, Simla.
INDOCHINA: Gouverneur Général de l’Indochine, Hanoi.
Iran: Library of the Iranian Parliament, Téhéran.
IRAQ: Chamber of Deputies, Baghdad.
Trish Free STATE: Dail Hireann, Dublin.
ITALY:
Biblioteca della Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazione, Rome.
Biblioteca del Senato del Regno, Rome.
Ufficio degli Studi Legislativi, Senato del Regno, Rome.
LATVIA: Valsts Biblioteka, Riga.
LEAGUE oF Nations: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
LEBANON: Ministére des Finances de la République Libanaise, Service du Ma-
tériel, Beirut.
LipertA: Department of State, Monrovia.
Mexico: Direccién General de Informacion, Mexico, D. F.
AGUASCALIENTES : Gobernador del Hstado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes.
CAMPECHE: Gobernador del Hstado de Campeche, Campeche.
CuHrAPAs: Gobernador del Hstado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez.
CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Hstado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua.

66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Mexico.—Continued.
CoAHuILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno,
Saltillo.
CoLtimMA: Gobernador del Hstado de Colima, Colima.
DurANGO: Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Durango, Durango.
GUANAJUATO: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato.
GUERRERO: Gobernador del Estado de Guerrero, Chilpancingo.
JALISCO: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara.
LOWER CALIFORNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali.
Mexico: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca.
MicHoacaANn: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan,
Morelia.
Moretos: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca.
Nayarit: Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic.
Nurvo Lron: Biblioteca del Estado, Monterey.
Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca.
PursLa: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla.
QUERETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién de Archivo, Queretaro.
SAN Luis Porost: Congreso del Estado, San Luis Potosi.
SINALOA: Gobernador del Estado de Sinaloa, Culiacan.
Sonora: Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo.
Tasasco: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién 8a, Ramo de Prensa,
Villahermosa.
TAMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria.
TLAxcaLA: Secretaria de Gobierno del Estado, Tlaxcala.
Vera Cruz: Gobernador del Estado de Vera Cruz, Departamento de Gober-
nacio6n y Justicia, Jalapa.
YucatTAN: Gobernador del Estado de Yucatéin, Mérida, Yucatan.
NETHERLANDS: Bibliotheek yan de Tweede Kamer der Staten-General, The
Hague.
NETHERLANDS INDIES: Volksraad von Nederlandsch-Indié, Batavia, Java.
New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.
Norway: Storthingets Bibliothek, Oslo.
Prru: Camara de Diputados, Lima.
PoLAND: Bibljoteka Narodowa, Warsaw.
PortuGaL: Secretario da Assemblea Nacional, Lisboa.
RUMANIA:
Bibliotheque de la Chambre des Députés, Bucharest.
Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Bucharest.
SPAIN:
Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Madrid.
CATALUNYA: Biblioteca del Parlament de Catalunya, Barcelona.
SWITZERLAND: Bibliotheque de ’Assemblée Fédérale Suisse, Berne.
Bern: Staatskanzlei des Kantons Bern.
Str. GALLEN: Staatskanzlei des Kantons St. Gallen.
SCHAFFHAUSEN: Staatskanzlei des Kantons Schaffhausen.
ZURICH: Staatskanzlei des Kantons Ziirich.
TURKEY: Turkish Grand National Assembly, Ankara.
UNION oF SoutH AFRICA:
Library of Parliament, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal.
Urvueuay: Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo.
VENEZUELA: Biblioteca del Congreso, Caracas.
VATICAN City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City, Italy.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 67

FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES

A list of the foreign agencies through which the exchange of publi-
cations is effected is given below. Most of those agencies forward
consignments to the Institution for distribution in the United States.

LIST OF AGENCIES

ALGERIA, via France.

ANGOLA, via Portugal.

ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Canje Internacional,
Calie Callao 1540, Buenos Aires.

AUSTRIA, via Germany.

AZORES, via Portugal.

BELGIuM: Service Belge des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de
Belgique, Bruxelles.

Bottvia: Sent by mail.

Brazit: Servigo de Permutacdes Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro.

British GuIANA: Sent by mail.

British Honduras: Sent by mail.

Butearta: Sent by mail.

CANADA: Sent by mail.

CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain.

CHILE: Sent by mail.

Cuina: Bureau of International Exchange, Ministry of Hdueation, Chungking.

COLOMBIA: Sent by mail.

Costa Rica: Sent by mail.

CuBA: Sent by mail.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de J As-
semblée Nationale, Prague 1-79.

Danzig: Sent by mail.

DENMARK: Service Danois des Fchanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske
Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen Y.

DoMINICIAN REPUBLIC: Sent by mail.

Ecuapor: Sent by mail.

Heyer: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulaq, Cairo.

HPstontaA: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn.

FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Kasiirngatan 24,
Helsingfors.

France: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle,
Paris.

FrencH Gurana: Sent by mail.

GreremMany: Amerika-Institut, Universititstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Wheldon & Wesley, 721 North Cireular Road,
Willesden, London, NW. 2.

GREECE: Sent by mail.

GREENLAND, via Denmark.

GUATAMALA: Sent by mail.

Haiti: Sent by mail.

Honpuras: Sent by mail.

Huneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Ferenciektere 5, Budapest, IV.

IcELAND, via Denmark. |

InpIA: Superintendent of Government Printing and Stationery, Bombay.

68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

ITALY: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’Educazione Nazionale,
Rome.

JAMAICA: Sent by mail.

JAPAN: International Exchange Service, Imperial Library of Japan, Uyeno
Park, Tokyo.

LATAKIA: Sent by mail.

Laty1A: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque d’Etat de Lettonie,
Riga,

LEBANON: Sent by mail.

LIBERIA: Sent by mail.

LITHUANIA: Sent by mail.

LUXEMBOURG, via Belgium.

MADAGASCAR, via France.

Mapeira, via Portugal.

Mexico: Sent by mail.

MozAMBIQUE, via Portugal.

NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Li-
brary, The Hague.

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: Sent by mail.

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: Sent by mail,

NEw SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.

NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.

Nicaragua: Sent by mail:

Norway: Service Norvégien des Fichanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de
VUniversité Royale, Oslo.

PALESTINE: Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem.

PANAMA: Sent by mail.

PARAGUAY: Sent by mail.

Peru: Sent by mail.

PotaAND: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale,
Warsaw.

Portue@AL: Seceaio de Trocas Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisboa.

QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre-
tary’s Office, Brisbane.

RuMANIA: Soussecrétariat d’Htat de la Propagande, Direction de la Presse,
Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bucharest.

Satvapor: Sent by mail.

SoutH AvustTRALIA: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Govern-
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide.

Spain: Cambio Internacional de Publicaciénes, Avenida de Calvo Sotelo 20,
Madrid.

SurINAM: Sent by mail.

SWEDEN: Kongliga Biblioteket, Stockholm.

SwirzERLANpD: Service Suisse des changes Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen-
trale Fédérale, Berne.

Syr1A: Sent by mail. -

TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart.

THAILAND: Sent by mail.

TRINIDAD: Sent by mail.

TUNIS, via France.

TurRKEY: Ministry of Education, Department of Printing and Engraving,
Istanbul.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69

Union OF SouTH AFRICA: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape-
town, Cape of Good Hope.

UNION OF Soyler SocraList REerusiics::' Library of the Academy of Sciences of
the U. S. S. R., Exchange Service, Leningrad, V. O.

Urnuaeuay: Sent by mail.

VENEZUELA: Sent by mail.

VicToRIA: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA; Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.

YucostaviA: Section des Echanges Internationaux, Ministére des Affaires
Etrangéres, Belgrade.

Mr. Frank E. Gass, who has been with the Institution for 54 years,
having been appointed August 1, 1886, as a messenger boy and who is
now correspondence clerk of the International Exchanges, reached the
statutory retirement age in February but was granted an extension
of 1 year.

Respectfully submitted.

C. W. SHormaxgr, Chief Clerk.

Dr. C. G. Appor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 7
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the National Zoological Park for the fiseal year ended June
30, 1940.

The regular appropriation made by Congress was $237,060, all of
which was expended.

FUNCTIONS OF THE ZOO

The National Zoological Park is far more than merely a recreation
place; an eminent scientific man once referred to it as “a museum of
living animals.” Every day in the year thousands of people visit the
Zoo. Some come merely for enjoyment and recreation, but others
come with definite purposes in mind. Among them are many students
both primary and advanced. Artists, photographers, and research
workers all find material and inspiration for their studies and are
afforded all possible facilities. Research of any kind that can be
carried on without harm to the animals is encouraged.

Such organizations as the Audubon Society, Girl Scouts, Boy
Scouts, geological classes, and others regularly come to the Zoo to
study the native wildlife and interesting geological formations in the
Park. Requests for technical information regarding animals and
zoos are constantly received at the Zoo office by personal inquiry,
telephone calls, and letters from all over the world.

IMPROVEMENTS

Continuance of W. P. A. assistance resulted in the completion of
the following work during the year:

Four paddocks about 80 by 150 feet were constructed along the
road above the American bison. These are the barless-pit type with-
out obstruction to the view between the people and the animals.

Five paddocks were constructed across from the large-mammal
house. These average about 50 by 60 feet and are designed to accom-
modate the American representatives of the camel family, Hama,
alpaca, vicuna, and guanaco. These paddocks are likewise of the
barless-pit type and can accommodate a considerable variety of
animals in addition to those listed above.

A series of four waterfowl ponds was constructed across the road
from the old waterfowl pond. The pools are cement-lined, but from a

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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 71

tew inches below the water level to above the water level they are faced
with stone to represent an ideal section of the geology of this region.
The placement of the stone was done under the supervision of Dr. Ray
S. Bassler, Head Curator, Department of Geology, National Museum.
The entire area, which is much larger than the old waterfowl yard,
is enclosed by a low fence. This is one of the most attractive additions
to the Park in many years; it will accommodate a far greater number
and variety of waterfowl than it has ever been possible before to
exhibit, and in addition it is so situated that it will be seen by
practically all persons visiting the Zoo.

Cement curbing to the extent of 9,000 linear feet was constructed
along the roadsides. This is a preliminary to what is hoped will
eventually result in a general improvement of the roads within the
Zoo grounds. New walks laid totaled 2,050 square feet. This includes
a walk and steps up the lion house hill. About 3,000 square yards of
roads and walks were repaired.

An enclosure was constructed between the bears and the road on a
site that was for many years unattractive although it was in a very
conspicuous location. This will be suitable for medium-sized animals.
Tt is also of the barless-moat type of construction on the front.

At the end of the fiscal year there is practically ccmpleted an en-
closure on the south side of the reptile house that will accommodate
such animals as lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and turtles. ‘i his is pro-
vided with a pool; a moat keeps the animals in their enclosure but
offers no obstruction to the view of the public. :

Extensive plantings were made on areas that had been or were being
newly developed. These plantings consisted mainly of trees that
either produce nuts or fruits suitable for the wildlife of the Park
or are ornamental or shade trees. Also many flowering or other
ornamental shrubs and evergreens were planted. _

Work was begun in March 1940 on a new restaurant to be constructed
by the P. W. A. under an allotment of $90,000. The restaurant build-
ing, of the Virginia tavern type of stone construction, is situated in a
grove of trees across the road from the hon house, commanding a
beautiful view of the new waterfowl ponds. The building will
probably be completed by the end of September 1940.

NEEDS OF THE ZOO

The chief need of the Zoo at the present time is for proper buildings
in which to exhibit:

1. Antelopes, tropical deer, wild hogs, kangaroos——The present
building is dilapidated and unsightly, a fire hazard, and a menace to
the health cf animals.

267760—40-——6

i? ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

2. Monkeys.—The Zoo has an exceedingly fine collection of monkeys,
both in number and in kind, which are very poorly exhibited in the
antiquated building which at present houses them.

3. Carnivores—Kither the present building should be entirely
reconstructed, utilizing the one wing that is well built and replacing
the old frame wing—a firetrap and not suitable for the housing or
exhibition of these animals—or, much better, an entirely new and
modern building should be erected.

When the W. P. A. is again available, there are a number of projects
that should be carried out, including the replacing of old and dilapi-
dated paddocks and shelters with new and modern ones.

It has been planned also to build a monkey island and a large outdoor
cage for tigers.

The increase in utilization of the Park together with the increased
structures and increase in area to be cared for has far outgrown the
capacity of the existing personnel to care for it. It is, therefore,
important, if the grounds and buildings are to be kept in a present-
able condition, that the personnel be increased by at least 10 men.
The rigid enforcement of the prohibition against W. P. A. workers
doing any work of a maintenance character leaves no alternative
other than to increase the personnel or allow the Park to be unsightly.

VISITORS FOR THE YEAR

A record of the attendance shows a slight decrease compared with
last year.

Sulyc.2 2S ee eel 255,000) Hebrisinye (22.22 Se Sea eee 103, 300
AUIS tae eee ee 20022001 [March === 2s See ee eee 173, 800
Séptembenk= 222 esses e ae 2 264,500) vApril 222285.) 5 eee 179, 200
October eee a ee eae ee 1542300) Maly eee 258, 600
Novembetesse=. oe ae ae 1302700) Une ee alt oer eae ee 216, 100
December eas 5 405500 —__—_—_
January ea 50, 000 Motales==! 24 ae 2, 129, 600

The attendance of organizations, mainly classes of students, of which
there is definite record, was 33,602, from 628 different schools in 21
States and the District of Columbia as follows:

Number| Number Number | Number
State of of State of of

persons | parties persons | parties
Alsieims: . 220 Se ate enone 50 1 || New Jersey_-2_--- LA ge See eee? | 2, 161 27
ConneCticnt= 2-2 ee 146 Set INOW Ei On ce were ame Seer 1, 228 25
Delaware: aa 222 4>| SNorthi@arolimay: 22.) = 22 eee 1, 010 30
District of @olimbias.2-2 6, 706 123s OHIO see eerie se =< ere 685 18
Plonida:.ke 2-2. See vee See ee 40 1 IRennisviiVAni hee asco aee nee 6, 293 | 116
Georgiks 2-22 eee ee 431 13) sRodeyisiandeesaaa- a yee aeeee 70 1
Indisnae 3. 3+ soee es een ee 37 1 || South Carolina. De ees 549 16
Maine loci sae eee 172 5 || Tennessee -__ Bhi 130 3
Maryland... Sees amen 5, 580 86 || Virginia ___- | 5,855. 117
IMEASSAGHHSEULS = ma enets ener 672 | 174i * West Vareinide =o 82 nee ees 1, 327 | 16
Michigan. SE ee Lee ¥ 152 4 4] a
New Hampshire: -- 2 -neeseee | 86 | 1 || Motel v8. 8 ee ae 33, 602 628

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 033

About 3 o’clock every afternoon, except Sundays and holidays, a
census is made of the cars parked on the Zoo grounds. During the
year, 27,840 were so listed, representing every State in the Union,
Alaska, Canada, Canal Zone, Cuba, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the
Philippine Islands.

Since the total number is merely a record of those actually parked
at one time, it is not of value as indicating a total attendance but is
of importance as showing the percentage of attendance by States, Terri-
tories, and countries. The record for the year on this basis shows
that the District of Columbia automobiles comprised slightly less
than 46 percent; Maryland, 20 percent; Virginia, 10 percent; and the
remaining cars were from other States, Territories, and countries.
On a few occasions when it has been possible to make a census of the
ears that were parked in the Zoo grounds at a given hour on Satur-
day afternoons, Sundays, and holidays, it has been found that Dis.
trict cars comprise only about 30 percent and cars from the several
States and other parts of the world make the remaining 70 percent.
Owing to the large attendance on these days, the proportion for the
year of District and foreign cars would be very materially altered
from that obtained when Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays are
omitted from the count. It is, therefore, clearly evident that at least
60 percent of the cars that come to the Zoo throughout the year are
from outside the District.

An accurate count of the total traffic through the Park would be
desirable, and with that in mind a request has been made to the D. C.
Works Progress Administration for such a project.

ACCESSIONS
FIELD WORK

SMITHSONIAN-FIRESTONE EXPEDITION

Through funds donated to the Smithsonian Institution by the Fire-
stone Tire & Rubber Co., of Akron, Ohio, a party was sent to Liberia,
West Africa, for the purpose of collecting specimens for the National
Zoological Park. The party, consisting of the Director, Mrs. Mann,
Ralph Norris, and Roy J. Jennier, sailed on the American-West
African Line on February 17, 1940, for Monrovia. Here they were
received by Mr. George Seybold, manager of the Firestone Plantations
Co., and taken immediately to the plantation, where they established
headquarters.

Trips into the interior were made at four localities: Belleyella, near
the French Ivory Coast frontier; the Gibi country; the Polish Plan-
tation at Reputa; and Bendaja in the Gola country, inland from Cape
Mount and near the British Sierra Leone border. The party also
visited the American Episcopal Missions at Bromley and Cape Mount

74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

and were given cordial hospitality by Bishop Leopold Kroll and Miss
Mary Wood McKenzie.

Much aid and hospitality were given by Mr. Seybold. He also spent
some time at Cape Palmas and brought back a number of interesting
specimens which he gave to the expedition. B. O. Vipond, Director
of Personnel, was of great assistance as were various other planta-
tion employees. P. C. Bodewes, with the aid of his native boys, made
several drives for animals; Mr. Lewis Chancellor, well-known hunter,
personally collected several duikers and water chevrotains. Mr. and
Mrs. George Blowers, of the Bank of Monrovia, presented their house-
hold pets, a red duiker, a civet cat, and a linsang. To all of these the
expedition is under deep obligation.

The other specimens were collected almost entirely by natives in
various parts of the country, and many were brought back by the party
on its field trips.

In addition to the live animals a considerable collection of alcoholic
specimens was made, including fishes, reptiles, batrachians, and in-
sects. All preserved specimens collected on this expedition are being
turned over to the United States National Museum.

At the close of the fiscal year the expedition was still in the field,
although a preliminary shipment had been made from Liberia to
Boston in the care of Roy J. Jennier, who arrived at that port on
May 17, 1940. A summary of the specimens in this shipment follows:

Class Species Individuals
Nama Se Se ee ee CERO YS eee TEAS 5 13
Birds.222- 22 ee ee ee 2 De PEL ER es 8 15
Repiiles==— === Sed 2 Oe eee: poet el ee SS Wa) D3
NMCOMWUISIES een SAS 2 eh OP Or ae 2 ee 1 14

TO te) Su stee. Ae Ae ei ne te ia oe ee 25 95

Some of these animals were placed on display in the exhibition
of the Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. at the New York World’s Fair,
upon the close of which they will be forwarded to Washington. The
remainder were brought direct to Washington.

The other members of the expedition sailed from Monrovia on July
15, 1940, and arrived at Norfolk, Va., August 6 with about 100 speci-
mens including 2 pigmy hippopotami, dwarf civets, crested monkey-
eating eagles, the rare Liberian ratel, and other little-known species.
A list of the live animals which arrived in Boston on May 17, follows:

SMITHSONIAN-FIRESTONE EXPEDITION

Scientific name Common name Number
Puthonsebae 2 20 so 8s ae he eee EN /Nitmorna THOS! joyawlaYeya = = 32s 2
DANI LG UU GUS ae a ee West African soft-shelled turtle_-- 1
KCTS CT OS Cs =n ee gar eee West African hinged tortoise____-- F455
WNaja'sp! te 2 TC ES GE ees eerie Cobraveseule L Ane 4

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY (3)

SMITHSONIAN-FIRESTONE EXPEDITION—continued

Scientific name . Common name Number
IEBTEUSTAG SUCOTM US sashes tas exes ery Ne ee Rhinoceros viper_-_---- eas ene ee 8
IBY VHA ORO RO eae ieee SN SO SS Galboomyijoery sacs eee oe oy ieee eee ee 3
Osigolaemusnieiias pis ae ee Broad-nosed crocodile_______----- 1
AGOGO: OMG 03. Beene ok eee West African tree viper_-_-_-__-_- if
BAUUSUOSNO CR OUGTERLS et aa eee ap sea AUDA go] Ve GE CA ag pe ta Na a 3
CAUCE PIUULO So me oa rte ea et lp ee West African water civet________- 2
IPGOCIORCUS WOHHOs e552 eae eee eee PO GEO USPS EN eu pale pda per ett if
Gricciomys gambtanus= == aa Gambia pouched rat_____________ 4
IPOS SOLOPUS REL Soy ae SN ee Chimpanzee sae so es ee 2
(CEreoeeoUs jUuMGOMOSWS. 2225222225254 Sooty man galleys yee 4
Stephanoaetus coronatus_________.____- Crowned hawk eagle__.__________ 1
Kaupifalco monogrammicus___-------- Northern lizard-buzzard_________- 2
Astur tachiro macroscelides___________- West African goshawk__________- il
MEDS TREGFORS JUOROSWOIS— — 52222255525 African yellow-billed kite________-_ 1
Tympanistria tympanistria fraseri____- dhermloourenne Coy@L 32-2222 2s 6
Chimlon (nneie ss es ee Triangular spotted pigeon_______- 1
Streptopelia semitorquata_________---_- African red-eyed dove_________--- 2
CC CLOOUIN NOC LOLs Yellow-casqued horn bill________- 1
A Glan COMMS Soe en eee Chavis lleincl gmallss) poe fee os 14

SOUTHERN ASIATIC EXPEDITION

On July 8, 1939, Malcolm Davis returned from Calcutta, India,
where he had gone to bring back the first Indian rhinoceros that
this institution had ever had. This was collected for the Park by
the Government of Assam, British India, through the interested
offices of the United States Consul General, Dr. J. C. White. It
arrived in Washington in perfect condition and may be considered
one of the “stars” of the collection. Mr. Davis took with him a few
North American animals which were turned over to zoos in the
East; in return he received a number of interesting specimens. In
Calcutta he was given friendly assistance by Sir David Ezra, the
noted bird fancier. A complete list of the specimens obtained on
this trip follows:

SOUTHERN ASIATIC EXPEDITION

Scientific name Common name Number

TCUOCEKOS uni COnniSee == 22 = be se ee ee ae Great Indian one-horned
THIMNOGeLOSe oa ee 1
WED COREG SUMO = ee See ______- Toque or bonnet monkey____ 3
VECGCAGOTULULEO == ee sited Wate taal ae 52") Golden: rhesus. 222 eae 2
Presbytis entellus pallipes____________________ Ceylon gray langur__-----__ 4
LEFFOSOUNIIS SEUGIE WWGSUO aa eee Western purple-facedmonkey_ 2
Ratufa macroura dandolena___-_--__-_--_____ Grizzled giant squirre]______ 2
CUES eG IUOAUS 52h x tse le UN De ey a ace AULT OL OW CAL ce me Wee ele Ma ee il
VEC C COG TVG TRUSSO Za = Smallcivietos: Sats Seek See 1
AUEGIOIS GUCCI Bae Sop o ee . Oni jomimnedeec 12

HORM OLS UDF CHOU a TO MT NS oI i Dyas ge Ceylonese jungle fowl_______ ey

76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

SOUTHERN ASIATIC EXPEDITION—continued

Scientific name oe Common name Number
Threskiornis meétanocephala_____-___________= Black-headed ibis___________ 4
Streptopelia chinensis ceylonensis______-----_- Ashe doves =s4+-2 ee 12
MUNG SN) C= 8 ee eee 2 ee White-headed munia________ 3
VLLIUUD DWI G COLUCU IES eee ae are Se a Rice bird or nutmeg finech____ 2
ENGST OULGCUL) ats = eens ee ere eae ee Black-throated munia_______ 10
DR UROUG CUS OLONU0 == ee ee ee Siamese fireback pheasant___ 1
ANLNNODOLLES UI Oe ee ee eee ees Demoiselle crane —~_—~-_- ==> 6
GanialissgangetiCus = = eee eee Indian. caval ee 3
On GCCOCILUS- DANIShN Sa = 2 See eee “Toad”? crocodile 22 32 ====——= re
VMOnOniss SAUVULO TE == ee ee ee ee Monitorslizan d= === |
TESTU CLC O ONS oo 5 are ere ea Star tortoise] = - =e 6
NOG UOT = Ss tae OE AEE eee ees a Common’ cobra. 4
Trimenesurus trigonocepnauise=-- ee Green pit viper__*._ ae =
Veip Cran Tiusselits a=. bore eee). , 11 AS Russell(saviper2 22.2 2
DECNAURODRUS ADU TOTS sae as oe ee ee ee Green tree snake_=_ ==) =a 4
PV OD RIS MINY CLL 11S eee eee eee ee Asiatic whip snake_.-___-—-- 8
ELLY US UU COSILS 2 = 5 sae i eee ee ee ee Indianjrat. snakes. 4
Kachuga*tectum= 2s oe a a ee Spotted-bellied tortoise___--- Tf
Trionyx punctata punctata_______._-_--__-____ Asiatic soft-shelled turtle_-___ 3
GCOclemiy Ss siamiltonia === ee Small spotted turtle_-_._____ 1
MOTCHIOMOCEIL Ott -2 2 ee we SOA a Be Turtle 2-2 252s ae 10
Python Movunus 22 22 Ss te ee ae ea Indiant pythons =e 6

ANTARCTIC AND SOUTH AMERICAN EXPEDITION

At the invitation of the United States Antarctic Exploration Serv-
ice to send a representative from the Zoo, Malcolm Davis, Principal
Keeper of the National Zoological Park, sailed from Boston on the
M. 8. North Star November 11, 1939, with Admiral Byrd and other
members of the exploration party that was going to the Antarctic to
establish bases on that continent. Mr. Davis assisted in the unloading
of the ship at the West Base and obtained some specimens including
an emperor penguin, which was shipped from Valparaiso, Chile, and
arrived in Washington March 5, 1940, having been brought through
the Tropics in the cold-storage room of a passenger vessel.

Other specimens were left at Valparaiso while Mr. Davis remained
aboard the North Star, which went back to establish the East Base.
Here additional specimens were obtained, and Mr. Davis finally sailed
from Valparaiso on the Grace Line vessel Santa Maria, which arrived
at New York April 25, 1940. He brought with him a crab-eating seal,
probably the first to be brought north of the Equator, and a group
of Adelie penguins. These penguins, together with the emperor
penguin, were kept in the glass-fronted cold room in the bird house,
where they enjoyed a temperature of 56°. However, crushed ice was
also put into the cage, and it was interesting to note that the Adelie
penguins would stand for hours on the crushed ice in a temperature
Of 5Ge%

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY LE

Additional specimens were obtained at Valparaiso and other points
along the west coast of South America. A complete list of those
brought to Washington follows:

ANTARCTIC AND SOUTH AMERICAN EXPEDITION

Scientific name Common name Number
AMD CROUUUCS HORVOP ace a soko eee eS Hmperor penguin______-_-______- a
J? yGOSCAMS CUAKGO seo ee a Ad eliem penguin meee pe lee eerene 13
Caumans pesos hee See a te (Coe ytre ae iro Ay ae ee LS OT als lo hs a 1
On MONECO MUL TULCUILCELUS) 5) ea ARETE ea Wy Hes 2 a a IS a 1
INQROMSEE CUPURUS 25-2 ae Vee Jan Claileain lolevelklome.s Ue 16
JERRY GIS jf UDORGe a ee IMioumaung time@la.. 2-22-2222 se 6
ge GUCCUSHG 1) Ueva 2 Sette wi eA Bear ey ee Gay’s gray-headed finch_________-_ 8
DS UCCLLUSMU LICE OL ay areca nivel say Vive Mastorfimehte 2 22 2 eats sei a eee 8
SPIRUS UTPOUGOUSse sas eos ke Clanli@anio'enslkias es oe ke a 11
DMC OMUCUCOS 5 Lh 26 hSt a) I tt a PIU Gaiphira Cleese Sy el | ek up apa ae 20
ZORWOUGUCHTO) COPCNSUS aaa == se ae Chaiigolo nce es Ch AE eas 6
TOTS MUO IS 22 eM se Ds MiliGaivesters lings sa ae sores 8
GCUEUSES DS Sees Dose ea SENGhea ae eal Nemes Are RIaAIN HOW wl... 22.L2 5225-222 4
LP UICUS PULSOT S52 eee oe ea AARAIMANNG WOM — = - 22 2-22 s nen 2
PURGE US Spots 2 2 0) dA Winn pipe Weta aha Wow oir cleteedt Oe Oe ie ope ae ae 1
AOC: CPPCC =o Soe ee South American mourning dove___ 195
Cerchneis sparverius cinnamominus __-. Chilean sparrow hawk---_~--------- 2
MTRQOGO. CMMOGWYD s-— aa ae a oe = (@ nian aa OR eh ore ee ee 1
Belanopierus chilensis. ~ 5. = ay Fees Cinnikesyin Jeyornnes oe Be eek 2
Poronrua, Cuowlinit. = ooo. eso es oe iBrawiliain @amcllogil. 222222255255 G
Gruanocorax mystacalis. 2-9 As aaa Mioustarchedijaye= 20) sa eee 1
PAOLO SIR UCU LS ee oe Ue ahi ee ES a Re AE SGtra cea Ue la ear fe Baty nee 3
Coliii® CUjDUCGHUSss- 88228 eee ee ene ee White-throated capuchin__-_-_-___-_ i
BNE SROLGICULO 2 ene Lis TE pe a eee IANS Bearer as 1 i lah lel A AR es cas Este 1
SYOAUGL NO SE (MEE EAs Bee eee Pe 2 BXOXO) Oyj ese, ue ena AS aceon 2 L
WG OVOMONRCOLCTILOD NGG Ca aa ee ee Crab-eatime’ seal === ts es il
WWORPOSO, MAYO. a oe Bee See = MitininesOpOSsuiMe ss =e alee 1
[9QHS CORGOIGE OWN. 2 = ee ee ee hoe = PRGAROMIAIn [PUNINE 42222252252 1
1 DHS OL TGS 0 ahi RS coe I a eT OE Sout Ament Caran oxen eee 1

GIFTS

The receipt of specimens as gifts continues to be a main source of
supply to the collection. Acknowledgment is made in a complete
list of donors and their gifts. Among interesting additions were
a pair of black bears from the Pennsylvania Game Commission, ob-
tained through Carl La Barre, of Portland, Pa. Richard Archbold,
American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y., presented
three Finsches’ tree kangaroos. A splendid pair of yak was re-
ceived from the Department of Mines and Resources, Dominion of
Canada, through Hoyes Lloyd. From Carlo Zeimet, Washington,
D. C., the Park received a group of pheasants including 1 chukar
partridge, 7 silver pheasants, 4 golden pheasants, and 12 golden and
Lady Amherst hybrids.

78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS

Mrs. R. Adams, Washington, D. C., opossum.

Ross Allen, Silver Springs, Fla., 7 Florida tree frogs, 37 southern green frogs.

Mrs. Maude Anderson, Washington, D. C., 2 mocking birds.

Richard Archbold, New York, N. Y., 3 Finsches’ tree kangaroos.

Kenneth L. Avone, Washington, D. C., 2 white rabbits.

Mrs. Geo. D. Babcock, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk.

Mrs. Louise Ballif, Washington, D. C., pekin duck.

Stanley Barriger, Washington, D. C., 2 pekin ducks.

Chas. Baxter, Washington, D. C., nighthawk.

Carl Beale, Washington, D. C., 2 ring-necked pheasants, Formosan ring-necked
pheasant, silver pheasant, kangaroo rat, 4 flying squirrels, sparrow hawk.

Dr. Lioyd M. Bertholf, Westminster, Md., 2 Bahama fresh-water turtles.

Jean Biron, Washington, D. C., pekin duck.

Mrs. W. D. Blair, Washington, D. C., weeping capuchin.

Mrs. 8. S. Brandenburg, Rockville, Md., white-throated capuchin.

Allen E. Campbell, Washington, D, C., gray fox.

Mrs. B. R. Campbell, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk.

Canadian Government, Department of Mines and Resources, Wainwright, A1-
berta, 2 yaks.

Dorothy Carpenter, Washington, D. C., opossum, skunk.

O. H. Clarke, Washington, D. C., coot.

Mrs. C. BH. Clift, Washington, D. C., pekin duck.

J. C. Coe, Arlington, Va., 25 prairie rattlesnakes.

Mr. Coffey, Washington, D. C., red-bellied terrapin.

H. James Cole, Bethesda, Md., 9 spotted salamanders, 2 snapping turtles, 5 box
turtles, musk turtle, frog, marbled salamander, common newt, painted turtle.

Louis Conradic, Washington, D. C., American ovenbird.

Albert Crampton, Sharpsburg, Md., red-shouldered hawk.

Mrs. L. Cummons, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot.

Billie Currie, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk.

Harry Day, Hyattsville, Md., box turtle.

Dessez’s Service Station, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Antonio Di Guistino, Washington, D. C., woodchuck or ground hog.

Sergt. A. S. Douglas, No. 10 Police Precinct, Washington D. C., alligator.

Chas. E. Haton, Chevy Chase, Md., opossum.

Herbert N. Haton, Chevy Chase, Md., white and black rat.

Barbara Eckhardt, Washington, D. C., 2 zebra finches.

S. C. Elmore, Alexandria, Va., pekin duck.

Mrs. Belle Hvans, Washington, D. C., double yellow-head parrot, flying squirrel.

Sir David Ezra, Calcutta, India, 3 Indian gavials, 12 chukar partridges, 2
golden rhesus monkeys, 2 Ceylon gray langurs, 1 Siamese fireback pheasant,
6 demoiselle cranes, 7 spotted-bellied tortoises, 38 Asiatic soft-shelled turtles,
and 1 small spotted turtle.

W. #H. Floyd, Arlington, Va., 2 American crows.

P. P. Foster, Bennings, D. C., Cooper’s hawk.

Jas. M. Fowler, Washington, D. C., red fox.

Jos. S. France, Washington, D. C., box turtle.

O. M. Freeman, Washington, D. C., water snake.

Mrs. H. L. Freet, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot.

Mrs. Wm. R. Fuchs, Washington, D. C., alligator.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 79

Mrs. Chas. Funk, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Harry BH. Gates, Washington, D. C., 2 pekin ducks, diamond-backed terrapin.

Jos. Gaillard, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk.

Ralph Garett, Henrietta, Texas, 3 horned lizards.

W. C. Giffen, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin.

David Gillis, Washington, D. C., red bat.

Richard B. Goetz, Waldorf, Md., 2 red-shouldered hawks.

Marshall Gooding, Kensington, Md., red fox.

Mrs. F. C. Goodwin, Washington, D. C., barred owl.

W. Bart Greenwood, Washington, D. C., jack rabbit, Great Basin pecket mouse,
2 black-eared mice.

Edgar H. Grimes, Washington D. C., 4 tropical fishes.

Curtis G. Guckert, Four Mile Run, Va., American barn owl.

Mrs. B. Hansch, Washington, D. C., raccoon.

R. A. Heindl, Washington, D. C., woodcock.

_R. L. Higginbothan, Washington, D. C., 12 tropical fishes.

Chas. Hinton, Washington, D. C., raccoon, toulous goose.

My. and Mrs. Gerard Hubbard, Silver Spring, Md., 5 eastern porcupines.

Miss Raye Hudson, Arlington, Va., 4 guinea pigs.

John Bowler Hull, Washington, D. C., 2 screech owls.

Curtis Insley, Cambridge, Md., golden eagle.

Mrs. H. J. Johnson, Washington, D. C., woodechuck or ground hog.

Eunice Johnson, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet.

Mrs. W. Jones, Washington, D. C., 3 cottontail rabbits.

June M. Kern, Washington D. C., screech owl.

Mrs. K. K. Kirkland, Washington, D. C., screech owl.

R. M. Kisner, Washington, D. C., opossum.

Harry Knapman, Silyer Spring, Md., red fox.

Vinton Kk. Lewis, Fairfax, Md., horseshoe crab.

©. M. Locke, New Braunfels, Tex., nine-banded armadillo.

H. A. MacCord, Washington, D. C., large brown bat.

J. M. Marshall, Bluemont, Va., mocking bird.

Hdith Martin, Washington, D. C., banded rattlesnake.

Mrs. R. Mays, Washington, D. C., American crow.

Mr. McCullen, Bradbury Heights, Md., alligator.

Mrs. J. C. Meikel, Washington, D. C., 4 grass paroquets.

G. F’. Miller, Washington, D. C., yellow-billed cuckoo.

Mrs. W. Miller, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Mrs. Moore, Washington, D. C., 2 mallard ducks.

Mrs. Geo. Murnau, Washington, D. C., white rabbit.

Mrs. R. J. Murphy, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet.

Anthony Muto, Washington, D. C., troupial.

National Institute of Health, through Dr. A. Pachchanian, Washington, D. C.,
2 long-tailed mice, 2 northern white-footed mice, 2 Gambel’s white-footed
mice (albinos), 2 old field mice.

Frank Noell, Washington, D. C., white rabbit.

Mrs. R. Oberst, Washington, D. C., woodchuck or ground hog.

Wm. Orsinger, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake.

Parks Department, Charleston, 8. C., through A. H. Von Kolnitz, 2 wild turkeys.

T. Patson, Washington, D. C., opossum.

Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2 black bears.

A. R. Peters, Bethesda, Md., pekin duck.

T. A. Petras, Quantico, Va., brown capuchin.

80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Alan Y. Philips, Chattanooga, Tenn., fence lizard.

Chas. Pureus, Washington, D. C., pekin duck.

Capt. W. A. Riedal, U. S. N., Washington, D. C., 2 troupials.

Herman Riegal, Valparaiso, Chile, murine opossum, hawk.

Lowry Riggs, Rockville, Md., 2 jungle fowl.

H. Rinke, Arlington, Va., bald eagle.

S. S. Roberts, Washington, D. C., opossum.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, The White House, 2 ring-necked doves.

Bernard Rosser, Washington, D. C., 2 alligators.

F. Sanders, Evansville, Ind., rhesus monkey.

Miss Virginia W. Sargent, Washington, D. C., turtle dove.

Miss Viola S. Schantz, Washington, D. C., large brown bat.

Jesse P. Schell, Frederick, Md., red fox.

G. M. Schmidt, Frederick Md., red-tailed hawk, barred owl.

Ralph Scott, Washington, D. C., 4 banded rattlesnakes, opossum, 2 black
snakes, snapping turtle.

Mrs. W. L. Seibold, Washington, D. C., screech owl.

Mrs. EB. BE. Sheppard, Washington; D. C., 2 Alaskan frogs.

Shipping Room, W. Bldg., Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C., weasel.

C. L. Sibley, Wallingford, Conn., 2 melanistic mutant ring-necked pheasants, 2
green Japanese pheasants.

Elsie Simmons, Washington, D. C., alligator.

W. P. Smith, Annapolis, Md., red fox.

Mrs. Stacy, Washington, D. C., alligator.

J. N. Stebbins, Washington, D. C., mourning dove.

Orren Stein, Washington, D. C., 2 pekin ducks.

Mrs. Stovall, Westmoreland Hills, Md., American crow.

Paul Sulecer, Frederick, Md., 8 skunks.

Mrs. W. W. Swaggard, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot.

J. Swanick, Arlington, Va., 2 mallard ducks.

Clifton Taylor, Bladensburg, Md., 2 garter snakes, snapping turtle.

Jack Terry, Washington, D. C., copperhead.

Benny Thomas, Bennings, D. C., Cooper’s hawk.

Douglas Tittpoe, Washington, D. C., American crow.

Fred A. Tweed, Jr., Washington, D. C., 5 white rabbits.

U. S. Antarctic Service, emperor penguin, 13 Adelie penguins, crab-eating seal.

U. S. Biological Survey, through Don Spencer, Washington, D. C., 2 meadow
mice, 1 jumping mouse, 4 red-backed mice, and 10 pine mice. Through F.
C. Lincoln, Washington, D. C., red-shouldered hawk, hybrid duck. Through
W. H. Marshall, Boise, Idaho, western porcupine.

Virginia Upton, Lanham, Md., muscovy duck.

Miss Edith Ward, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant, melanistic mutant
ring-necked pheasant.

J. W. Warner, Washington, D. C., American crow.

Mrs. C. F. Welch, Washington, D. C., cockatiel.

Dr. A. Wetmore, Washington, D. C., albino purple grackle.

H. G. Wilson, Washington, D. C., American barn owl.

Wilson Teachers College, Washington, D. C., opossum.

Marlene Withone, Washington, D. C., black rabbit.

Norman Yates, Compton, Md., albino opossum.

Carlo Zeimet, Washington, D. C., chukar partridge, 7 silver pheasants, 4 golden
pheasants, 12 golden and Lady Amherst hybrid pheasants.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 81

BIRTHS

There were 55 mammals born, 28 birds hatched, and 22 reptiles
born or hatched during the year.

MAMMALS

BH AOONHEPEPNYNNNRWHEHE RWHP Oe ep

Scientific name Common name Number
AN TOOGGTUS LAV os 5 ee VANOXD(GEEKO Wigs pole gues NE ce Ms in Li A daa
AIEROS CADIS SAGA BSN ie nf EL ea Sede 2 IA KI SROE ET Se uta AaT Ee Ree.
JEQOOS (WUIPUISES eee eee ee a Gaul eh, SUAS ee Ee ee ee
BO SOGD: OOS es See OR a ee ANMIGRICAIN [NSO = 42 eee seen
WSO SRUNUOLU CUS Pre icra AS a ay nl DOS sha ph Bh yd te ea
OC UIClUStOMCH ANUS A aes LS Bactrianae caine leeeeseeeany ayes
(C03 UDUS PRON Bas a eee eee eee Plains wWolie) s Ses maki) ON Wiese
CONES PURI Cs EY see laeege aie ee nes ae rg Chea RAC Os See
CEFOUS Gi SE Ss eee Pees eee European red deer_________-_----
Whocropsis labervensis 2 se Piomy~hippoOpOLAIMus= =a
IDO GLE SS ee es ee BSE Hatlowidleensce a. 22. Sa. et Gene ead
DhCnOWS TCO AUMOU = = bee «PRIEYROMINN GaNAys— ce ceca sco SSae
ECLUSRO NCO me = 2 Soke joe ee ey ie EW sa 2) iebeetoas ety aie RC any AL eRe ere ere
ICLUSREUG TUS = er eye eee ERY Bengal tigens 226.02 aya ee
LDR. LES EONS AG a ao MDM ea ee ee to aa
Miacocasnemist7na.-— bya sey eee Pig-tailed macaque --___--==-==.+-
LNGGUS GROURIS2 Saas Se ee Se eee Ilene imomlkeyy- eee eee
VIN OCOStOT COUP Uce 121 Bos a Coy We peas a a ee eo re
DNOSUOVIVOT UC a 5.05 2) ho 2 yey ieee Coahimundiszess=. | aan see eee
BCUOALTUUS NORCO LCE) Seen = ae Lesser flying phalanger__.____----
JPSGNEINS Olin 222 Bee ae eee bak scee Bharal or blue sheep_____------_--
TOP OROTUS Or ooae eke ee See ele Bilegry hte 2a ets ce peeps Gh Career

BIRDS
Larus novaehollandiae___.__-_-------- Silver ulin ses sale ee See 14
Nycticorax nycticorax naevius_.-------- Black-crowned night heron-_------ 10
IS NLEILUS GUSNLCIIUCT:S LS =e ane a ee Jae kalsse ei Suiiia ee ee ee 4
REPTILES
(CON StUCLOTACONSUCLO T= ee a (Climinom loa 2-222 22osedeecoee 10
OT CLOGTOSEGUG ILS eee See pees CobrajderBaracuayeese eee eee 12
EXCHANGES

A most interesting lot of Asiatic mammals, birds, and reptiles were
received from the Zoological Gardens, Colombo, Ceylon. These were
brought to the Park by Malcolm Davis of the Zoo staff, along with
an Indian rhinoceros, the return of which was the specific reason
for his journey to India. The group of animals from Colombo
consisted of 7 monkeys of 3 different species, 33 birds of 5 species,
and 33 reptiles of 9 different species. An important exchange was
made with Louis Ruhe, Inc., New York, N. Y., in which the Park
received a splendid pair of bactrian camels. A young has since
been born to this pair. Several exchanges have been carried on

82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

with Ennio Arrigutti, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in which the Zoo
received a number of desirable South American reptiles. This
exchange has been made possible through the cooperation of A.
Bienenwald, a member of the crew of the 8. 8S. Brazil, who cared for
the animals en route. A number of interesting specimens of reptiles
that occur in the western part of the United States have been re-
ceived from C. W. Kern, Tujunga, Calif. A list of the specimens
acquired by exchange follows:

EXCHANGES

Scientific name Common name Number
palamanina salamandiag== 22455 s2- oe Bireysalamanders3.2 94224. nee 25
iEnudnomantess genera saa eee eT Salamanders2. 2252. a2 eee 15
. : | Huropean newt... © eee hs
Molge vulgaris. 92 de eae en re
COPUUS SCORN = eee ee oe ee A Hoodedxerowse =. eee 4
Viilnes jaleg 2 2- - ee A Red dox- i. .5 ee ee ee 1
AlcrOChOnMUSH{QUANICUSE === == eee Elephant-trunk snake_______----- 1
iPythonsibwutatds 22 ee = Se Indian python==2. = ee 1
GeChOnGeChO <p Ae ee ee = Gecko... 2.22 etueu. ee eS 9
Canvelusactia11s eee ee Le Bactrian camel. 23 2
JEAN CON ONG. BL ee DO Kire-belhieditoads=] = aaa ee 20
AT OSTLACHO 3 ie 19 eee a et Red, yellow, and blue macaw_-_-_--- 1
Cenatophiys onndia== == = =e Horned fr0g von ta eee 4
Elydromedusartectiferds =>. sy Snake-necked turtle._-__-________ 6
Tjolaemus wesgmannis 2-2 222 2 ee Lizards: -#-2)4.2-.- a 4
Alon lliineuUliuncuii == se oe Vulturine guinea fowl____________ 2
ECOphisvanomalises a = ae ae sees South American brown and yellow
striped: snake_- = ===. 3 =- = 4
bVOMUSEITUUORUS = = a I eee South American brown snake__-~_- 2
Leimadophis poecilogyrus__--.----___- South American green snake_____-_ 1
EATEN OD SmUCOT CY en 2 et ae en ee Turtles 22) we ines 1
EZSCU CEM USEC. ORD UG Ile = eee D/Orbignismurile=22— os ae 3
Phyllorhynchus decurtatus perkinst_____ Jneaf-nosed snakess.—. 2. ls eee 1
Pituophis catenifer annectens___-___-_- Western bullésnakes. 555555 eee 2
Lampropeltis getulus boylai___________. Bole sakinoy smokes: eee 1
Ono aliisir arb Crees aa Senn uae ale oe ee Redtrattlesnalke 3. esa ae ee 1
Crotalusmanidis onegan sea iPacihicaratulesnakes = ==. =-5 sae 1
Cu Ola Ue COnsles stone te eee Sidewinder rattlesnake_______-_-- 2
Arizona elegans occidentalis_____.____- Western glossy snake______.----- 1
Salvadora grahamiae virgultea_________- Chaparral patch-nosed snake_____- 1
TSC GL ONO TLS RONG LLG Ses ta ee ae Orcitt’S: Swit... .2- 2
DORSOSCUTUSEOOT SOLUS = = = a= ae Desert iguana 2“. Se ee 1
Gerrhonotus Umbricaius 2. -— oo) eee Plated: livardiays seis sere 2
Phrynosoma blainvillit____- ee Beers Pet California horned lizard _______--- 1
iEeterodonicontontiia 45) es Hog-nosedusnake___ =e 2 eee 3
DY COPD DOS SUMMADS SB Garter snakes... .-wS eee es 1
IVIGSTICOD RIS LAG CLL ae = ee = eee Coachwiiprsnakes == === === 1
Natric Sie) SEARS. SEE ee ne ee Watertsnaket 4. 2 ees Bees oe 1
Clemmysiinscul pias 245 2= pee ee Wiforereli@immostye tae ke Be a 4
IN COLOTUAMLOMUCOTIG = eae ate ee Round-tailed wood rat___.._____- 5
FRQVOICrIStAt Us ee ey ee ee eee Wihitespeato wil ee 1
Anserinas semipalmata___.__......-.-- Australian pied goose_______-- poe

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 83

PURCHASES

One of the most important purchases for some time was a Great
Indian one-horned rhinoceros obtained from the Forest Department,
Government of Assam, India. This was received through the co-
operation of United States Consul General J. C. White, Calcutta,
India. Other specimens acquired by purchase were four black swans,
two Flinders Island wombats, and a South American bush dog. An
important lot of South American animals were purchased by Malcolm
Davis on the west coast of South America. These were mainly
obtained through the kindness and cooperation of Dr. Edwyn P.
Reed, of Valparaiso, Chile. A list of the purchases follows:

PURCHASES

Scientific name Common name ; Number
FADO CHARCOT ssa eee eee SUPA WAG kee eee eee 6
CHO COILOS RRO Ts ee ee a JBM VON Se Nchyieeh ale tees 2 REDE ae can pee eee 4
Vormeloaiwla, WPSIMUS. 222-222-2222 22252- Flinders Island wombat________ 2
JPN NCCU: TROMUGNO = = 2a a Sallkeleran| on Ke year ye 2
ColiCaous CUypra= =o ee Se Ie olmUlll (CSIOUIS. —- 25-2222 28 i
AGES UP UMUG CUMS == =s=222525-55525422 Douroucouli or ow] monkey_____ 5
JP UIDUS (OO DO MUO AOM. = 2.2 Red-finned barb _--_-=-_-==___ 10
VU OLOMLO TUROWLC TOIL U2) mn re ene eee ey yen TEU a ene aby TAU Oe ale eo ye yd 4
Monocirrhus polyacanthus______------- DLe(Sey DUS) Olid eae rok ene Aa ol 4
MRA ILUSRECHMESURUS Sais 0s aa SAS he epee South American tapir___-____-- 1
IGWCYOR DONRGHICUS. 2222S eee DEnOIS Gy Cc koyeneaes MNGUA A ER I maiba iy Sed ve 1
EO UTUAC USM @SUWOSUUS = === =e Sickle-billed bird of paradise ___- 1
Papotie, Seylloniis 22 ee eee Six-plumed bird of paradise_____ 1
ACTOROMD CRGWCO= 2 2s sooteesecossat Asiatic tains ace ne i
Ghariivatbottacee’ ses as seas eee Rruloberiboaie sos shies eb seis 1
Calymiocepialws go yie == = ae eee Gay Suro pet ee a Seed out ee ee 8.
INGGPUPUS j MPMUSa 5455-2558 525226025 22 @oralfsmalete ds reo: are nen il

REMOVALS
DEATHS

Major losses during the year included an emperor penguin, crab-eat-
ing seal, Siberian tiger, bush dog, Kodiak brown bear, Kidder’s brown
bear, anda young chimpanzee. As in the past, all specimens of scientific
value that died during the year were sent to the National Museum.

ANIMALS IN COLLECTION THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN

EXHIBITHD
MAMMALS
Scientific name Common name
CAG NGAP LNUEO = pterek, ANWR) APS eco hek NS West African water civet.
Gallicebrusxeupsie cer sms sree eye la ee Red titi monkey.
DCRCTONCGUS CRUSIMS JWOSOUW— ===. 2-2-2222 5-2- Finsches’ tree kangaroo.
AGS CUES =e Oe ne ee ae eee re Jungle cat.
Ikmnadon, CorRCIMOMINOG .. 525222522442 5-422-25 Crab-eating seal.
IRMiOGOROS UUCOPMS = ane see cts Great Indian one-horned rhinoc

eros.
WADETIAG UCN TTUCUC OTS S Co eae re ae ue a Small civet.

84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

BIRDS
Aptenodiies forsterite. ot . ante: Tels Emperor penguin.
EP AUINGCHUS FOSLUOSUS ne 2 eg Use ee Be Sickle-billed bird of paradise.
Kaupialco monogrammicus- = ee Northern lizard-buzzard.
Parabuieo uniemetus 22 20 0es. Ae AE ed South American hawk.
Pyposceigs adeliag 2 - Ve APO nee ine Adelie penguin.
Tympanistria tympanisiria fraseri____-_------ Tambourine dove.

REPTILES

Chaninia bottag. cath elle Gn eee ges cn oy eee Rubber boa.
Gans qangetinus= Sst <2 oe en a es ee Indian gavial.
VG CHNG Oech alien at Pre Pe ee ae Spotted-bellied tortoise.
TEIN LYS CnOSGe Beary Ry eae a oO a West African hinged tortoise.
Tophasvaveniclise. +38 eee ee mer. ea PAN South American ground snake.
Tpaphisaniljanise = 27 eae ee. oe Do.

Statement of Accessions

Mam- Am- Crus-
; 2 , Rep- ' 0 Mol-

How acquired mals | Birds d phib- | Fishes tace- | Total

tiles Sine lusks ae
resented 42. = == ae eee eee 95 110 400
Onn oe - ste! asco nen oe ee 55 28 105
Receivediumiexchante: = 2-2-2 ee 9 9 167
Purchdsed’: =. el eee Se Pee 13 6 53
On deposit 16 4 21

Received from Smithsonian Institution-

Firestone Expedition to Liberia__-________ 13 15 53) ||25- Se eee 145) St2 ee 95
Received from Antarctic Expedition ________ 1 Sh ape (a A Ng a» |e eat 15
Brought from South America by returning

Antarctic Expedition _____ eh ee 9 121 1 Se a ee ai eae 8 ee 131
Received from National Zoological Park

Hxpeditionitopimaias ==) ee ee 16 52 G3) | ee be So a ee 131

‘Totals==.* ar ee eee 227 359 321 162 34 14 1 1, 118
Summary
Animals jionthanddiulyjils LOS9u 2 2. ee ee ee 2, 450
Accessions during the! year. -- 2 ee ee ee ee 1,118
Notaljanimals im collection Guring sy epee ee ee eee 3, 568
Removal from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on
GG@POSib a2 2. tes Fes ee ee ee ee ee ed ee ee 1, 018
In; collection: Jume;380;, 1940.2. ee ee 2, 550
Status of Collection
F Indivi- = Indivi-
Class Species Agals Class Species duals
MViamim dS ese se ee eee 233 A048 4\|) Insecisie= ae eee sa aes 1 25
Birds ena are ee ee 329 1,071 WWrolltisks! 22s eeerans = 5.2 1 1l
Reptilesi2 2-2: 5 ee ae 148 537 || (Crustackansi= eee eten ass 1 5
VNisoho) ahi oy tewaseee | Sah oe De Eee see 26 125 —_
Mishes hues Teens Viereeee eats 21 67 Total ae eens 2s ess 762 2, 550
Arachnids:. 332.2) 2 As ie oon 2 §

Respectfully submitted.
W. M. Mann, Director.

Dr. C. G. Axpsor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 8
REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities
of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 80,
1940:

These operations are conducted on funds received in part from the
appropriation by Congress, amounting for the fiscal year 1940 to
$32,070, and in part from private sources. The latter included parts
of the income from the Hodgins and the Arthur funds, and grants for
specified objects from John A. Roebling. These private sources con-
tributed altogether $19,000 during the fiscal year.

At Washington, the work is carried on in two old frame buildings
south of the Smithsonian Building. There are three mountain stations
located in New Mexico, California, and Chile. At these stations,
chosen for low winds, high altitude, and extreme cloudlessness, without
much regard for living conditions, the principal apparatus is housed
within a horizontal tunnel to secure fairly constant temperature condi-
tions. Small dwellings, computing rooms, and garages complete the
establishments, which are designed to accommodate only a field direc-
tor, one assistant, and their families. During the fiscal year a rein-
forced cement block dwelling has been under erection at the station
at Montezuma, Chile, but is not yet fully completed, so that the incom-
modious frame dwelling there is still occupied.

WORK AT WASHINGTON

Messrs. Aldrich and Hoover, with a force of regular and special
computers, some of whom were furnished by W. P. A., continued to
work on the complete revision of all results on the solar constant of
radiation from all stations and from 1923 to the present time. Many
small inconsistencies revealed themselves between results of a single
station in different years, and between the results of the different sta-
tions in the same year. Each of these inconsistencies was a problem
in itself, requiring extensive study, and in some cases extensive remeas-
urements of photographic records. Consequently, progress was slow
in preparing final tables of daily, decadal, and monthly mean values
of the solar constant, based on the evidence of all observations. It had
been hoped that these results would be ready to assemble and publish
early in the calendar year 1940. But at the end of June there still
remained several very troublesome questions to be resolved, so that
several months more of study seemed indicated.

85

S6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

In the meantime Dr. Abbot has prepared text for volume 6 of the
Annals of the Observatory as far as could be done until these revised
results were available for discussion. It is believed that when the
tables are ready the manuscript can be put in press within 2 months
thereafter. Funds for its publication have already been generously
furnished by John A. Roebling. The text will explain and illustrate
with painstaking fullness the details of the research, and the results
will be given with greater completeness than ever before. It may be
partially understood what this involves when it is said that the table
of daily values of the solar constant is estimated to occupy 144 quarto
pages, with three groups of 14 columns each, on every page.

Increasing interest among scientists in these solar-constant studies
is apparent. In last year’s report attention was called to critical
studies of the work published in England. Dr. Abbot’s reply, also
published there, led to mathematical investigations undertaken at
Harvard College Observatory and at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Two of these statistical studies have been published by
Dr. Theodore E. Sterne, of Harvard. They tend to confirm the
reality of periodicities in solar variation, and yield periods for the
most part agreeing in length, within the limits of error, with those
found by Dr. Abbot and published by him several years ago.’

The interest thus aroused led Dr. Shapley, Director of Harvard
College Observatory, to invite Dr. Abbot to give six lectures there
in May 1940, on the following subjects:

1. Exact measurements of solar radiation.

2. Solar radiation and the atmosphere.

3. The variation of the sun.

4. Weather governed by solar variation.

5. Utilizing solar radiation.

6. Radiation and plant growth.
Serious and sympathetic attention was given to these lectures by the
staff of Harvard Observatory and by representatives from the Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technology, the Blue Hill Meteorological
Observatory, and elsewhere. After the fourth lecture Dr. Abbot was
invited by Dr. Brooks, Director of the Blue Hill Observatory, to
publish a summary of the first four lectures relating to meteorology
in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. This pub-
lication is going forward.

In September 1939 there was held in Washington a Congress of the
International Geophysical Union. Among the delegates was the
eminent meteorologist, Dr. H. Arctowski, of Poland. His country
was conquered and his property lost while the Congress was in ses-
sion. Later, John A. Roebling provided funds for retaining Dr.

1Abbot, C. G., Solar radiation and weather studies. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 94,
No. 10, 1935.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 87

Arctowski on the staff of the Observatory for 1 year, from Decem-
ber 1, 1939. Dr. Arctowski was asked to investigate the relations
between solar variation and the weather. At that time he doubted
the reality of solar variation as indicated by our observations. But
within 2 weeks after beginning his studies, Dr. Arctowski became
thoroughly convinced of the reality of solar variation, and that it
is the major factor in weather. He has announced these findings
in two papers.” He is continuing his researches in this field with
consuming zeal. It is hoped to retain him another year after the
completion of his present engagement.

With the assistance of Miss N. M. McCandlish, special computer
under a grant from John A. Roebling, Dr. Abbot has endeavored
to evaluate the separate influences produced on weather by the long-
range solar periodicities which are referred to above. For this re-
search monthly departures from normal temperature and rainfall for
numerous stations in America and other regions were used. It soon
appeared that the solar periodicities produce considerable weather
changes. But for periodicities of less than 25 months’ length, and
occasionally for longer ones, shifting of phases in the weather re-
sponses took place from time to time. It occurred to Dr. Abbot
that these shifts very probably are due to seasonal influences. That
is, a solar cause operating in winter might reasonably produce a
different phase in its weather effects than the same cause operating in
summer. Inasmuch as the solar periodicities are not commensurable
with 12 months, their phases of course shift through the seasons.
On testing this hypothesis it was found to be sustained by data from
many meteorological stations.

Tt was then recognized that these phase effects might be eliminated
by taking into account least common multiples of the several periods
as compared individually to 12 months. For instance, an 8-month
periodicity returns each 24 months in the same season of the year.
Other periodicities recur in the same season at longer intervals. Act-
ing upon this basis we computed the average weather effects over a
century or more for 8 solar periodicities ranging in length from 8
months to 68 months in length. Among the stations used were Copen-
hagen, Vienna, and New Haven, all beginning with the year 1800.
It was very encouraging to find that, with the phase taken care of,
as explained above, all of these stations agreed in indicating pro-
nounced effects of solar variation, and that there is no indication that
a change of phase has occurred in the solar periodicities for over a
century. In such long series the solar influences were repeated many

2 Solar faculae and solar constant variations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 26, No. 6,
pp. 406-411, June 1940.

Researches on temperature changes from day to day and solar constant variations, Bull.
Amer, Meteor. Soe., vol. 21, p. 257-261, June 1940.

267760—40——_7

88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

times in the same phase. It was, therefore, possible to obtain from the
meteorological records more accurate determinations of the solar
periodicities than could be obtained from our solar-constant work of
the past 20 years. The three stations mentioned agreed perfectly as
to these determinations. In this way we have established the follow-
ing corrected values for solar periodicities expressed in months.

8.12; 9.79; 11.29; 21.0; 25.8; 39.5; 451,

It now became of importance to see whether the average results in
departures from normal temperatures and precipitation, correspond-
ing to these corrected periods, could be used synthetically as a means of
long-range prediction for the future. In order to investigate this
interesting possibility, it was clear that if the courses of the meteor-
ological periodicities used should be determined from records all ante-

‘ ‘
' \
‘
140 AWE
H i
bokeh
120 ¥
1 ‘
Po
4
100 +} : J
eA
be \
9
W
60 G
a
v
1935 1936 1937 1938

1939 1940

PERCENTAGE OF NORMAL PRECIPITATION AT PEOR/A, /LL/NO/S.
FIVE-MONTH RUNNING MEAN VALUES.

FIGURE 1.

dating 1935, for instance, then it would be honest to regard a synthetic
assembly of them, covering the years 1935 to 1940, as a true 5-year
prediction, which could be fairly compared with the event. This
procedure was undertaken for numerous stations, and for both tem-
perature and precipitation. The resulting forecasts were not all
equally successful. But in all cases there was a marked correlation
between the forecast and the event. The agreement turned out to be
quite as likely to be good in 1940 as in 1935. As an illustration of very
good correspondence, though in this instance failing somewhat in 1939,
the 5-year forecast and event for the precipitation at Peoria, IIl., is
given here. In this case a correlation coefficient of 70+5 percent is
found between prediction and event for 58 months. It is hoped that
further study may improve the 5-year synthetic forecasts generally.
At present they average satisfactory in two-thirds of the months.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 89

WORK IN THE FIELD

As far as weather permitted, daily observations of the solar con-
stant of radiation were continued at three stations: Tyrone, N. Mex.,
Table Mountain, Calif., and Montezuma, Chile. Criticism having
been made again from foreign sources regarding the temperature
coefficient of the silver-disk pyrheliometer, numerous redetermina-
tions of this quantity were made at Tyrone and Table Mountain.
Owing to a misapprehension of directions, no less than 120 redeter-
minations were made at Tyrone by Messrs. Moore and Froiland.
Their mean is identical with that found previously by Abbot and
Aldrich at Washington, and by Zodtner and Greeley at Table Moun-
tain, and is almost identical with that found this year by Butler
and Greeley at Table Mountain. Over 200 determinations have now
been made, giving as their mean the same temperature correction
which has been used for nearly 30 years with silver-disk pyrheli-
ometers. There can now be no further question of altering it.

PERSONNEL

No changes in personnel have taken place since my last report,
except that L. A. Fillmen, for 10 years instrument maker under
private compensation in the Division of Radiation and Organisms,
has been appointed instrument maker under the public funds at the
Astrophysical Observatory, succeeding A. Kramer, retired.

Respectfully submitted.

C. G. Assor, Director.

The Secretary,

Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 9

REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND
ORGANISMS

Srr: I have the honor to submit the following report on the
activities of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during the
year ended June 30, 1940:

As in previous years the Deen has been in part supported by
a grant from the Research Corporation of New York.

During the past year the Division has continued its active work
on problems of photosynthesis and factors affecting plant growth,
both from a nutritional and radiation point of view. Dr. McAlister,
with the assistance of Dr. Myers, has continued his induction-period
studies of photosynthesis with the very valuable addition of simul-
taneous records of fluorescent intensities. Drs. Johnston and Wein-
traub have further improved their apparatus and technique in carry-
ing out their investigation of respiration, photosynthesis, and chlor-
ophyll formation as affected by light.

Mrs. Chase has extended her work on the stimulative action of
ultraviolet on algae. Dr. Weintraub has completed the initial phases
of some of his growth studies and opened up others to be investi-
gated. Mr. Clark has undertaken the construction of an improved
and simplified apparatus of his own designing for the accurate and
rapid determination of minute amounts of carbon dioxide.

As an outgrowth of the induction-period studies, Dr. Myers is
further investigating the relation of the induction behavior of
Chlorella to the previous condition of culture. In addition, he is
planning a comparative study of various methods for the measure-
ment of photosynthesis and of the photosynthetic behavior of vari-
ous kinds of plants. Mr. Clark and Mr. Fillmen have given valuable
assistance in the designing and construction of apparatus. The divi-
sion library has been improved greatly through the kindness of Mr.
Corbin, the Institution’s librarian. One hundred and fifteen volumes
of periodicals have been bound, and other material has been made
more accessible.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CHLOROPHYLL FORMATION

A great many simultaneous measurements of the rate of carbon
dioxide uptake and the intensity of fluorescence have been made
during the induction period of photosynthesis. The rapid spectro-

90

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 91

graphic method of carbon dioxide measurements previously used has
been adapted to a constant-flow technique with a rapid time re-
sponse. The intensity of fluorescence was measured with a filter-
photocell combination.

Experiments so far carried out under a wide range of conditions
may be described in terms of two processes. In one, an inverse rela-
tionship appears to exist between the rate of carbon dioxide uptake
and the intensity of fluorescence. In the other, there is a direct
relationship. The inverse relationship is illustrated by the behavior
of wheat seedlings in low oxygen concentration when suddenly ex-
posed to high light intensity. In this case the fluorescence curve
shows an abrupt initial rise, a slower secondary rise, and a decay
toward the steady state. The simultaneously observed rate of carbon
dioxide uptake follows a course inversely related to fluorescence.
Thus, when the intensity of fluorescence or rate of carbon dioxide
uptake are plotted against time, the two curves are almost perfect
mirror images (as to time). For wheat in normal oxygen concen-
tration, the mirror-image relationship is less perfect, and a direct
relationship seems to be superimposed.

The dependence of the direct relationship on oxygen and the
observation of a greater rate of carbon dioxide uptake in low oxy-
gen suggests that this process involves a photoxidation. In the
alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa the induction behavior is greatly influ-
enced by the previous conditions of culture. Cells grown in 4 per-
cent carbon dioxide show a response comparable to that of wheat.
When the cells are acclimated to air of 0.03 percent carbon dioxide
the photoxidation type of response predominates.

Further and more quantitative work is being undertaken along
this line, for it is felt that fluorescence in these experiments is a
useful tool in the study of the mechanism of photosynthesis.

Preparatory to other experiments on photosynthesis, respiration
and chlorophyll studies have been continued with the recording spec-
trographic carbon dioxide apparatus. Attention was especially di-
rected to detecting any difference in respiration of etiolated barley
seedlings that might occur in a change from darkness to light of low
intensities. As has been pointed out in other reports, this information
is essential in the measurement of photosynthesis as determined by
gaseous exchange. Repetition of these experiments indicated a slight
increase in the rate of respiration when the plants were illuminated.
However, the rates of respiration were different on successive periods
so that it was necessary to look for possible sources of error. It was
found that etiolated seedlings placed in the growth chamber connected
with the carbon dioxide measuring apparatus did not become green
ina normal manner. The amount of chlorophyll formed was 20 to 30
percent lower than in a control chamber not connected with the ap-

92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

paratus. The difficulty was traced to a minute amount of mercury
vapor entering the growth chamber from the mercury seal of the
air-circulating pump.

The problem then resolved itself into one of obtaining a properly
designed circulating pump for the carbon dioxide measuring appa-
ratus. In a closed system of this type it is necessary to circulate the
air in a system absolutely leakproof to carbon dioxide. Even the
slightest amount, a few cubic millimeters, would introduce an error
that would invalidate the measurements made by this method.

A metal bellows-type pump was constructed and installed. This
worked fairly well but carried with it certain disadvantages. A third
type of pump making use of a rotating magnetic field was next tried,
but was discarded because of its lack of power. A fourth pump was
constructed and, from the few preliminary experiments so far tried,
it is believed that it will meet.the rigid requirements of this exacting
experimentation.

A series of experiments on etiolated barley seedlings clearly shows
that there is enough chlorophyll formed in 1% hours’ exposure to light
of about 100 foot-candles to be easily measured.

The instrumental phases and the perfecting of experimental tech-
nique have now been completed to the point where work on the prob-
lems relating to the genesis of chlorophyll and the beginning of
photosynthesis may be carried on in greater detail.

PLANT GROWTH INVESTIGATIONS

PLANT HORMONES AND CHEMICAL FACTORS

A standardized technique has been worked out for the extraction of
growth substances from the oat seedling and, in a comparative study
of the various methods employed by other investigators, has been found
to possess a number of advantages. It is becoming more generally
appreciated among the workers in this field that the problem of growth
substance assay is greatly complicated by the possible existence of
hormone precursors, of active and inactive forms of the growth sub-
stance itself, and of growth inhibitors. A complete understanding of
the behavior of the plant must take all these factors into account and
further work is now being done along these lines.

In the study of the growth of excised oat shoots and leaves a number
of biochemical substances, several of which have been made available
through the generosity of Merck & Co., as well as various plant ex-
tracts, have been tested. As yet it has not been possible to develop
an artificial environment which will enable the excised organs to
develop in an entirely normal manner, but some interesting inter-
relationships among the various parts of the plant have come to light.
These studies are being continued.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 93
RADIATION EFFECTS

The initial phase of the study of the spectral sensitivity of the oat
mesocotyl has now been completed. The general finding, which is
expected to be published shortly, is that this organ shows its maxi-
mum light sensitivity in the red region of the spectrum and de-
creased response at shorter or longer wave lengths. This is espe-
cially interesting since it is very different from the spectral sensi-
tivity of the contiguous organ of the oat seedling, the coleoptile, as
demonstrated in growth and phototropism. The diversity of be-
havior raises several problems with respect to the mechanism of
the light effect which are now being investigated. One of these
concerns the nature of the photoreceptive pigment involved. It has
been possible to demonstrate the presence, in dark-grown oat seed-
lings, of a pigment which appears to have the requisite absorption
spectrum. Its spectral properties correspond with those recorded in
the literature for protochlorophyll. However, because of the incom-
plete and contradictory nature of the data in the literature, it seems
desirable to undertake an extensive investigation of the whole proto-
chlorophyll problem.

A further result of the study is that the magnitude of the light
effect is proportional to the logarithm of the light intensity. This
fact suggests the possibility that more than one photochemical re-
action is involved. It is hoped to pursue this problem also.

Experiments on the stimulation effects of ultraviolet radiation
on the multiplication of cells of the green alga Stichococcus bacil-
laris Naeg. have been continued during the past year. Four sec-
cessive exposures of the algal cells were made to stimulative amounts
of each of the wavelengths 2352, 2483, and 2652 A. After each ex-
posure the growth rate (expressed as number of cells) increased un-
til at the conclusion of the fourth exposure it was 4 to 4.8 times that
of the control cultures. Cells irradiated with the optimum stimu-
lative exposure of 2967 A. increased at a rate of 1.5 to 1.6 times the
control in the first exposure; but after the second exposure the rate
of muliplication of cells was similar to that of the controls. The
stimulated cells diminished in length with each successive exposure.
They increased slightly in width after the first two exposures, then
decreased with the next two exposures so that after the fourth and
final exposure, the cells were less wide than those of the controls.
Numerous disintegrated cells were present in the cultures that had
been exposed three and four times when they were examined 2 to 3
months after the final exposure, whereas the cells exposed only twice
appeared to be a darker green and more healthy than the controls.
The sum of the three optimum dosages given to the algae was twice
that of the lethal quantity.

94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Cultures of stimulated algae when exposed to lethal intensities of
the full ultraviolet spectrum proved to be less sensitive to the lethal
amounts than were the control cells. Even those cultures that had
been stimulated by four successive exposures and which contained
numerous disintegrated cells were less sensitive to the lethal amounts
than were the control cells.

A detailed account of this research will be published under the
title “Increased Stimulation of the Alga Stichococcus bacillaris by
Successive Exposures to Short Wave Lengths of the Ultraviolet.”

PERSON NEL

Dr. Jack E. Myers was granted a National Research Fellowship
to carry on his research in photosynthesis in the Division’s labora-
tory. This fellowship, which began September 19, 1939, has been
renewed for a second year.

L. A. Fillmen, by an executive order, was appointed to the civil
service on May 20, 1940, and transferred to the staff of the Astro-
physical Observatory as instrument maker.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT MEETINGS

Cultivation of excised oat leaves. Presented by Robert L. Weintraub before
the American Society of Plant Physiologists, Columbus, Ohio, December 28, 1939.

Induction and related phenomena. Presented by HE. D. McAlister at the
symposium on photosynthesis, Section C (Chemistry) of the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, Columbus, Ohio, December 28, 1939.

Plant tissue cultures. Presented by Robert L. Weintraub before the Botani-
eal Society of Washington, D. C., March 5, 1940.

Sensitivity of plants with special reference to light. Presented by Earl
S. Johnston before the Gamma Alpha Scientific Fraternity, The Johns Hop-
kins University, Baltimore, Md., April 5, 1940.

Time course of photosynthesis and fluorescence. Presented by E. D. Me-
Alister before the Physiological Colloquium, Washington, D. C., June 10, 1940.

PUBLICATIONS

JOHNSTON, Hart §., and WEINTRAUB, Ropert L. The determination of small
amounts of chlorophyll—apparatus and method. Smithsonian Misc. Coll,
vol. 98, No. 19, pp. 1-5, 1939.

Meter, Ftorence E. Stimulative effect of short wave lengths of the ultraviolet
on the alga Stichococcus bacillaris. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol 98, No. 23,
pp. 1-19, 19389.

JoHNSTON, Hart 8S. Sunlight and plant life. Scientific Monthly, vol. 50, June,
pp. 518-525, 1940.

Respectfully submitted.
Ear §. Jounston, Assistant Director.
Dr. C. G. Assor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 10
REPORT ON THE LIBRARY

Sim: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac-
tivities of the Smithsonian Library for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1940:

THE LIBRARY

The library—or, more correctly, the library system—has come into
being, unit by unit, as the interests and needs of the Smithsonian
have developed. The main unit, dating from 1846, the year of the
establishment of the Institution, was transferred in 1866 to the
Library of Congress, where, as the Smithsonian Deposit, it has since
grown steadily by frequent sendings from the library of the Institu-
tion. It is notable for the completeness of its collections of scientific
and technological publications, especially those of learned institutions
and societies. Other important units of the system are the libraries
of the United States National Museum and the Bureau of American
Kthnology; still others are those of the Astrophysical Observatory,
Freer Gallery of Art, National Collection of Fine Arts, National
Zoological Park, Division of Radiation and Organisms, the Langley
Aeronautical Library, and the Smithsonian Office Library. The sys-
tem also includes the 35 sectional libraries of the National Museum,
which are the immediate working tools of the curators and their
assistants.

PERSONNEL

The staff remained, for the most part, unchanged. Miss Marie
Ruth Wenger, library assistant, was promoted to the grade of junior
librarian. The assistant messenger, Roland O. J. Caraccio, resigned
in June. Many of the W. P. A. employees of the year before, with
a few others more recently added, were assigned to the library
until the close of the Smithsonian project in April. Their service
was highly appreciated.

EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS

The exchange work of the library was, of course, seriously inter-
fered with by the abnormal economic and political conditions in
several parts of the world. As the year advanced, it became increas-
ingly difficult to carry on the customary exchange of publications
with societies and institutions abroad. In not a few cases, foreign

95

96 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

publications were issued less frequently than usual, suspended for the
time being, or discontinued altogether. In most instances, those
that came at all were very late in arriving. Some even were lost in
transit. This irregularity and uncertainty put the library to its
extreme effort to obtain, before it was too late, all the publications
it could of those needed in the work of the Institution. In this it
was only moderately successful. The packages it received through
the International Exchange Service, for example, numbered 1,329—
fewer by 865 than those received the previous year. There was also
a falling off—of more than 2,000—in the packages that came by mail.
This decrease is ominous, for while it may be possible, in various
ways, after the wars are over and conditions become more normal,
to fill many of the gaps in the foreign series, probably some will
remain unfilled.

Most of the large sendings were received early in the year, while
world conditions were still fairly stable. They were from the Ber-
liner Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte,
Berlin; Yenching University, Peiping; Reale Societa Geografica Ital-
iana, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, Florence; In-
ternational Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, Paris; Academia
Romana, Bucharest; Royal Society of Queensland, Brisbane; Royal
Society of New South Wales, Sydney; Manx Museum, Douglas;
G. W. R. Swindon Engineering Society, Swindon; Pan-Pacific
Union, Honolulu; Pomona College, Claremont; and Florida Entomo-
logical Society, Gainesville. These sendings were for the Smith-
sonian Deposit and the libraries of the National Museum and Freer
Gallery of Art.

There was, as would be expected, even a worse falling off in the
dissertations received, especially from foreign institutions. There
were only 1,608 of these, as against 5,190 the year before. They came
from the universities of Basel, Berlin, Bern, California, Freiburg,
Giessen, Greifswald, Louvain, Lund, Lwow, Lyon, Neuchatel, Penn-
sylvania, Strasbourg, and Warsaw, and the technical schools of Braun-
schweig, Delft, Dresden, Karlsruhe, and Ziirich. Of the dissertations,
788 were assigned to the Smithsonian Deposit, and the others, on
account of their subject matter, to the library of the Surgeon General.

The staff wrote 2,502 letters, most of which had to do with the
library’s exchange work—an increase of 212 over the previous year.
There was also an increase of 57 in the number of new exchanges
arranged for and of 157 in the number of want cards handled, in
connection with the special effort of the staff to satisfy the needs of
the Smithsonian libraries, either by exchanging publications or by
drawing liberally on the large collection of duplicates lately made
available at the Institution. The number of publications thus obtained

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 97

was 7,546, or 1,789 more than in 1939. It should be made clear, how-
ever, that a great many of these items were taken from the surplus
stock mentioned above and were used by the libraries, particularly
the Smithsonian Deposit and the library of the National Museum, in
building up second or reserve sets. Other libraries of the system,
especially those of the Astrophysical Observatory, National Collection
of Fine Arts, Radiation and Organisms, and National Zoological Park,
also benefited generously from this activity of the staff. It is expected
that the libraries will benefit even more richly in the year to come
from the thousands of publications that will be offered to them from
the same surplus collection.

In the interest of the exchange work, too, it may be noted that
during the past fiscal year many publications of the Institution and
its bureaus were returned to the brary from various colleges, mu-
seums, and public libraries throughout the country, and from at least
one Institution abroad; namely, the Bibliotheque Centrale du Museum
National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. These publications, which were
no longer needed by the institutions that sent them back, were wel-
comed by the library as they added substantially to the supply of
material available for exchange. They also, in a number of instances,
brought to the sets in the libraries of the Institution items long out
of print and lacking. And, finally, they made it possible for the
library to respond favorably to dozens of requests on its waiting lst
of needs in other libraries. In this clearing-house activity, as well
as in the main exchange work of the year, the library had the coopera-
tion of the offices of publications, and—so far as it was free to func-
tion, under the restrictions imposed by the unsettled world conditions—
of the International Exchange Service. Among the libraries sharing
most generously in this noteworthy enterprise were those of the De-
partment of Agriculture, National Geographic Society, American
Bible Society, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Public
Museum of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, South
Dakota State Historical Society, Departamento de Botanica do Estado,
Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the following colleges and universities: Brown,
Columbia, Duke, Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Mount Holyoke, New York, North Carolina, Oberlin, Pennsylvania,
Princeton, Rochester, Vanderbilt, Virginia, William and Mary, and
Yale.

GIFTS

The gifts of the year were many. They included 897 publica-
tions from the American Association for the Advancement of Sci-
ence; 653 from the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington; 252 from the American Association of
Museums; 216, chiefly on ethnology and archeology, from James

98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Townsend Russell, Jr.; 100, relating mainly to the natural history
of Brazil, from Ernest G. Holt; 23, on airplane engines of various
makes, from John E. Rae; and a large number, on miscellaneous
subjects, from the Honorable Usher L. Burdick, Member of Con-
egress from North Dakota. Other generous gifts came from members
and associates of the Smithsonian staff, notably Secretary Abbot,
Assistant Secretary Wetmore, and Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. Among
the publications presented by Mrs. Walcott was a highly prized set,
in 23 volumes, attractively bound and lettered, of the scientific and
other papers, both published and unpublished, of her husband, the
late fourth Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. This will
be given a place of honor in the library alongside of similar col-
lected works by Secretaries Henry, Baird, and Langley.

Of the other gifts, only a few, chosen from the large number, can
be mentioned here, such as 7 books by Vilhjalmur Stefansson—Hunt-
ers of the Great North, The Northward Course of Empire, My Life
with the Eskimo, Adventures in Error, My Life with the Eskimos,
Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic, and Iceland the First American
Republic—from the author; 5 copies of The Museum in America, in 3
volumes, by Laurence Vail Coleman, from the author, as Director of
the American Association of Museums; Chinese Jade Carvings of the
Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century in the Collection of Mrs. Georg
Vetlesen, in 3 volumes, compiled by Stanley Charles Nott, from Mrs.
Georg Vetlesen; Portraits of Shipmasters and Merchants in the
Peabody Museum of Salem, and New England Blockaded in 1814
(the Journal of Henry Edward Napier, Lieutenant in H. M. S
Nymphe)—both edited by Walter Muir Whitehill—from the Peabody
Museum; Voyages of the Valero I/II, by De Witt Meredith, from
Captain G. Allan Hancock; O. C. Marsh, Pioneer in Paleontology, by
Charles Schuchert and Clara Mae Le Vene, from the authors; Les
Beaux Arts et les Arts Decoratifs, in 2 volumes, by M. Louis Gonse,
from Dr. William Schaus; The Macrolepidoptera of the World, by
Adalbert Seitz, from Mrs. Wirt Robinson, the widow of the late
Colonel Robinson, Professor of Chemistry at West Point, who, it will
be recalled, was a friend and benefactor of the National Museum;
Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico, volume I, part 4, by
A. J. Grout, from the author; Communications, volume 10, of the
Institut de Géophysique et de Météorologie de L’Université de Lwoéw,
by Dr. Henryk Arctowski, from the author; A Bibliography of Scien-
tific Papers on Climatic Variations, compiled by Dr. Henryk Arctow-
ski, from the Union Géographique Internationale—Commission of
Climatic Variations; Science and Social Ethics, by Sir Richard Arman
Gregory, from The Friedenwald Foundation; Mouth Infections and

REPORT OF THE SECRSTARY 99

Their Relation to Systemic Diseases—A Review of the Literature, in
2 volumes, by Dr. Malcolm Graeme MacNevin and Dr. Harold Stearns
Vaughan, from the authors; Australia, 1788-1938—Historical Review,
from the Hon. B. 8. B. Stevens, Premier of New South Wales; and
Voyage Zoologique d’Henri Gadeau de Kerville en Asie-Mineure
(Avril-Mai 1912), Tome Premier, Premiére Partie (12 copies), from
Henri Gadeau de Kerville.

STATISTICS

The accessions to the library system, then, were several thousand
fewer than usual. They were as follows:

Approxi-
Vol Fo mate
Library O% (| Pacts | Total | holdings:
umes and June 30
charts 1940 >
AS trop hiysicale@bSenualonyee- eee me seers 2 steer sey be ee 71 95 166 9, 844
BureaulaPAmenricanys Fonologiye sss. se He. ee ee eee O44 ee Shae ae 264 1 52, 762
HreeraGallenvaotwAmbs te. ree te os ewe ke be ue ee es Sh ae 239 g4 324 15, 761
TANTO VRA CRON Al Calle dese UC ER Se Ne och, Oe IT SO SE aes 33 22 55 3, 498
INationali@ollectioniog HinevAntss 2 22) ye yee Soe ee 227 198 52! 7, 292
INI GONE GN IISe WTR ee Soon ae oe ale: BE. CEES PS SO ath aay at ee 1, 867 938 | 2,805 216, 839
National’Zoolosicalibank sa. Tan silane. eee ee 26 38 64 3, 846
INAGHAKoM BinGl Oreos Asse ee ee ee 89 2 91 527
Smithsonian Deposit, Library of Congress____________--_--__--______ 1, 955 1,214 | 3,169 566, 554
SMNGHSOMIAMOnI Cems eevee alee. Mee ey Lee So eo ees 129 17 146 30, 892
MIO eee ete ate Sac lee seer Ee ken RS BN BRN ON Oto LR 5,091 | 2,618 | 27,709 | 2907, 816

1 This number includes about 20,000 pamphlets. : aa fe ;
2 From both the accessions for the year and the total holdings are omitted many publications waiting to

be completed, bound, or cataloged.

The staff made 26,422 periodical entries; cataloged 6,105 volumes,
pamphlets, and charts; prepared and filed 42,388 catalog and shelf-list
cards; and loaned 11,745 publications to members of the Institution
and its branches. They carried on an extensive interlibrary loan serv-
ice with more than 50 libraries in Washington and outside, including
several in Mexico and Cuba: an undertaking that involved the writing
of many letters and the handling—without a single loss, it may be
added—of 2,832 publications. They responded to an unusually large
number of inquiries for bibliographical and other information, some
of which required hours of research, often at the Library of Congress.
They also contributed 635 cards to the index of Smithsonian publica-
tions, bringing it practically up to date, and a few to the index of
exchange relations. Finally, they advanced the union catalog as
follows:

AYO HUTA NSS fre eal aN Ss Se SEN re EN ea 3, 523
Boamphiletsiandicharts (cataloged =a ola eee ee eee 2, 203
ING WAS GIeienla em Orie Sistine Gl eves sae ES eS i ae ald
Typed cards added to catalog and shelf list-_________-___________---___ 6, 253

Library of Congress cards added to catalog and shelf list________________ 16, 504

100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940
SOME OTHER ACTIVITIES

Mention has just been made of two indexes that are in preparation.
A third was undertaken late in the year—a card index of the explora-
tions with which the Smithsonian or one of its bureaus has at any time
been connected. Both the scientists and the library staff have fre-
quently felt the need of such a file—and to the future historian it will,
of course, be of great value. For it will make instantly available the
essential facts pertaiming to each expedition—for example, dates,
places, personnel, scientific results, with exact) references to published
accounts—taken part in by the Institution since 1846.

Another important piece of work was checking the records for
periodical holdings in various libraries of the system, in the interest
of the second edition of the Union List of Serials now being prepared.

Still another special task—one that required considerable time on the
part of two or three members of the staff, as well as of several W. P. A.
employees—was the transfer and rearrangement of the publications
that had for years been shelved along the sides of the main hall of the
Smithsonian Building, to cases set up in the alcoves at the ends of the
hall. In their new locations the most consulted of these collections
are more accessible than they were before.

Again, the staff sorted by subject about 3,000 reprints and separates
and assigned them to the sectional libraries of the National Museum;
added substantially to the card index of auction prices brought by
works of art—a project begun the previous year for the library of the
National Collection of Fine Arts; nearly completed the inventory of
the technological library, with revision of the records as necessary ;
did further special cataloging for the botanical library; and made
notable progress in the library of the Bureau of American Ethnology
in eliminating material not pertinent to the work of the Bureau and
in reclassifying and rearranging the remaining collections.

And, last but not least, by the joint effort of the staff and the W. P. A.
workers the listing of the longer runs of duplicate serials in both the
east and west stacks was well advanced. As fast as these lists were
finished they were submitted to the libraries of the Institution that
they might check the publications they needed. A few of those not
wanted were sent to the library of the Department of Agriculture to
fill gaps. And many were used in special exchange for other publica-
tions required in the work of the Smithsonian.

BINDING

Owing to lack of funds, it was possible to send to the Government
bindery only a small proportion of the volumes waiting to be bound.
The library of the National Museum sent 714; that of the Astrophysical

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 101

Observatory, 50. In addition, however, 241 volumes from several of
the libraries, especially that of Radiation and Organisms, were bound
by one of the W. P. A. assistants.

NEEDS

Nevertheless, the binding as a whole, already seriously in arrears,
fell much farther behind during the year. This is most regrettable,
as the phght of the thousands of volumes in question lessens the safety
and usability of the serial files. Steps should be taken immediately
to remedy this unfortunate condition.

There is great need, too, of more shelf room for the collections,
particularly those in the natural history library of the National Mu-
seum. At least some temporary provision should be made without
further delay for relieving the congestion there, even if no permanent
means can be provided at present.

Finally, the staff should be considerably enlarged. Six traimed
assistants should be added to the regular force at the earliest possible
moment. They are an assistant lbrarian, a junior librarian, a library
assistant, a library aid, a messenger, and a typist. These are urgently
needed, that the collections, both main and sectional, may be made
more fully available and that the libraries of the Institution and its
bureaus may, in general, serve more worthily the high purpose to
which they are called.

Respectfully submitted.

Wiuuram L, Corsin, Librarian.

Dr. C. G. ApBgort,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 11
REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the pub-
lications of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government
branches under its administrative charge during the year ended
June 30, 1940:

The Institution published during the year 16 papers in the series
of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 annual report and pam-
phlet copies of 27 articles in the report appendix, and 1 special
publication.

The United States National Museum issued 1 annual report, 27
separate Proceedings papers, 1 Bulletin, and 1 Contributions from
the United States National Herbarium.

The Bureau of American Ethnology issued three bulletins.

Of the publications there were distributed 146,156 copies, which
included 56 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions
to Knowledge, 36,872 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections, 25,266 volumes and separates of the Smith-
sonian Annual Reports, 3,150 Smithsonian special publications,
65,961 volumes and separates of the National Museum publications,
13,984 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 11 pub-
lications of the National Collection of Fine Arts (formerly the
National Gallery of Art), 3 publications of the Freer Gallery of
Art, 35 reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 16 annals of
the Astrophysical Observatory, and 714 reports of the American
Historical Association. ~

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

There were issued 2 papers of volume 91, 8 papers and title
page and table of contents of volume 98, 5 papers of volume 99, and
volume 100 (whole volume), making 16 papers in all, as follows:

VOLUME 91

No. 30. A new cornucopina (Bryozoa) from the West Indies, by Raymond C.
Osburn. 3 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 3584.) March 14, 1940.
No. 31. A new genus and species of eel from the Puerto Rican Deep, by
Earl D. Reid. 5 pp. (Publ. 0089.) March 11, 1940.
102

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 103

VOLUME 98

No. 18. Notes on Hillers’ photographs of the Paiute and Ute Indians taken
on the Powell expedition of 1873, by Julian H. Steward. 23 pp., 31 pls.
(Publ. 3548.) July 21, 1939.

No. 19. The determination of small amounts of chlorophyll—apparatus and
methods, by Earl S. Johnston and Robert L. Weintraub. 5 pp., 2 pls. (Publ.
8545.) July 31, 1939.

No. 20. The Helt Township (Indiana) meteorite, by Stuart H. Perry. 7 pp.,
9 pls. (Publ. 3546.) August 28, 1939,

No. 21. The weekly period in Washington precipitation, by C. G. Abbot and
N. M. McCandiish. 4 pp. (Publ. 8547.) July 27, 1939.

No. 22. Birds from Clipperton Island collected on the Presidential Cruise
of 19388, by Alexander Wetmore. 6 pp. (Publ. 3548.) August 11, 1939.

No. 23. Stimulative effect of short wave lengths of the ultraviolet on the
alga Stichococcus baciilaris, by Florence WH. Meier. 19 pp., 4 pls. (Publ. 3549.)
September 26, 1939.

No. 24. The Ptarmigania strata of the northern Wasatch Mountains, by
Charles Elmer Resser. 72 pp., 14 pls. (Publ. 3550.) October 26, 1939.

No. 25. List of the fishes taken on the Presidential Cruise of 1938, by Waldo
‘L. Sehmitt and Leonard P. Schultz. 10 pp. (Publ. 3551.) January 4, 1940.

VOLUME 99

No. 1. Sketches by Paul Kane in the Indian country, by David I. Bushnell,
Jr. 25 pp., frontispiece. (Publ. 35538.) January 9, 1940.

No. 2. Geologic antiquity of the Lindenmeier site in Colorado, by Kirk
Bryan and Louis L. Ray. 76 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 3554.) February 5, 1940.

No. 8. Ritual ablation of front teeth in Siberia and America, by Ales
Hrdli¢ka. 32 pp., 5 pls. (Publ. 3588.) March 4, 1940.

No. 4. A check-list of the fossil birds of North America, by Alexander
Wetmore. S81 pp. (Publ. 3587.) June 18, 1940.

No. 5. The ii-year and 27-day solar periods in meteorology, by H. Helm
Clayton. 20 pp. (Publ. 3589.) June 14, 1940.

VOLUME 100

Whole yolume. Wssays in historical anthropology of North America, pub-
lished in honor of John R. Swanton in celebration of his fortieth year with
the Smithsonian Institution. 600 pp., 16 pls. (Publ. 3588.) May 25, 1940.

The work of John R. Swanton, by A. L. Kroeber. Pp. 1-9.

Introduction, by Julian H. Steward. Pp. 11-13.

Some historical implications of physical anthropology in North Amerie¢a,
by T. D. Stewart. Pp. 15-50.

Developments in the problem of the North American Paleo-Indian, by
Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. Pp. 51-116.

The historic method as applied to southeastern archeology, by M. W.
Stirling. Pp. 117-128.

Virginia before Jamestown, by David I. Bushnell, Jr. Pp. 125-158, 2 pls.

Problems arising from the historic northeastern position of the Iroquois,
by William N. Fenton. Pp. 159-251.

Archeological perspectives. in the northern Mississippi Valley, by Frank
M. Setzler. Pp. 253-290.

267760—40——8

104

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

Culture sequence in the central Great Plains, by Waldo R. Wedel.
Pp. 291-352, 2 pls.

From history to prehistory in the northern Great Plains, by Wm.
Dunean Strong. Pp. 353-894, 6 pls.

Some Navaho culture changes during two centuries (with a translation
of the early eighteenth century Rabal Manuscript), by W. W. Hill.
Pp. 395-415.

Progress in the Southwest, by Neil M. Judd. Pp. 417-444.

Native cultures of the Intermontane (Great Basin) area, by Julian H.
Steward. Pp. 445-502.

Southern peripheral Athapaskawan origins, divisions, and migrations,
by John P. Harrington. Pp. 503-532.

Outline of Eskimo prehistory, by Henry B. Collins, Jr. Pp. 585-592,
6 pls. :

Bibliography of anthropological papers by John R. Swanton, compiled by
Frances 8S. Nichols. Pp. 593-600.

SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS

Report for 1938 —The complete volume of the Annual Report of
the Board of Regents for 1938 was received from the Public Printer
in December 1939.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution
showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for
the year ending June 30, 1938. xiii+608 pp., 115 pls., 71 figs. (Publ. 3491.)

The appendix contained the following papers:

New conception of the universe and of matter, by Gabriel Louis-Jaray.

The nature of the nebulae, by Edwin Hubble.

The sun and the atmosphere, by Harlan T. Stetson.

Cosmic radiation, by P. M. 8S. Blackett.

A world of change, by Edward R. Weidlein.

Transmutation of matter, by Lord Rutherford.

Science and the unobservable, by H. Dingle.

Some aspects of nuclear physics of possible interest in biological work,
by L. A. DuBridge.

Electron theory, by R. G. Kloeffler.

Geology in national and everyday life, by George R. Mansfield.

The floor of the ocean, by P. G. H. Boswell.

Ice ages, by Sir George Simpson.

Soil erosion: The growth of the desert in Africa and elsewhere, by Sir
Daniel Hall.

The future of paleontology, by Joseph A. Cushman.

The meteorology of great floods in the eastern United States, by Charles
F. Brooks and Alfred H. Thiessen.

Eyes that shine at night, by Ernest P. Walker. .

The Chinese mitten crab, by A. Panning.

The biology of light-production in arthropods, by N. S. Rustum Malnuf.

The black widow spider, by Fred E. D’Ameour, Frances E. Becker, and
Walker van Riper.

The language of bees, by K. von Frisch.

Forest genetics, by Lloyd Austin.

The story of the maidenhair tree, by Sir Albert C. Seward.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 105

The water-culture method for growing plants without soil, by D. R.
Hoagland and D. J. Arnon.

‘“Root-pressure’’—an unappreciated force in sap movement, by Philip
R. White.

The reproduction of virus proteins, by W. M. Stanley.

Modern medicine—the crossroads of the social and the physical sciences,
by Charles Austin Doan.

History and stratigraphy in the Valley of Mexico, by George C. Vaillant.

The Folsom problem in American archeology, by Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr.

The Roman Orient and the Far Hast, by C. G. Seligman.

An ancient Chinese capital: Harthworks at Old Ch‘ang-an by Carl
Whiting Bishop.

The natural limits to human flight, by H. EH. Wimperis.

The historic American merchant marine, by Frank A. Taylor.

Report for 1939.—The report of the Secretary, which included the
financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents,
and which will form part of the annual report of the Board of Regents
to Congress, was issued in January 1940.

Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report
of the executive committee of the Board of Regents for the year ended June
30, 1939. ix+139 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 3552.)

The report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press
at the close of the year.

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

Explorations and field work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1939. 96 pp.,
102 halftone figs. (Publ. 3586.)

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during
the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser.
There were issued 1 annual report, 27 separate Proceedings papers
from volumes 85, 86, 87, 88, and 89, 1 Bulletin, and 1 Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, as follows:

MUSEUM REPORT

Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum
for the year ended June 30, 1939. iii+128 pp. January 1940.

PROCEEDINGS : VOLUME 85
Title page, table of contents, and index. Pp. i-x, 509-530. April 5, 1940.

VOLUME 86

No. 3065. Neotropical flies of the family Stratiomyidae in the United States
National Museum, by Maurice T. James. Pp. 595-607, fig. 71. August 3, 1939.

106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

VOLUME 87

No. 3066. Ceratopsian dinosaurs from the Two Medicine formation, Upper
Cretaceous of Montana, by Charles W. Gilmore. Pp. 1-18, figs. 1-11. August
opeldao:

No. 3067. Two new parasitic isopods from the eastern coast of North America,
by A. S. Pearse and Henry A. Walker. Pp. 19-23, figs. 12, 18. August 1, 1939.

No. 3068. The Hederelloidea, a suborder of Paleozoic cyclostomatous Bryo-
zoa, by Ray S. Bassler. Pp. 25-91, pls. 1-16, fig. 14. September 12, 1939.

No. 3069. A generic revision of the staphylinid beetles of the tribe Paederini, by
Richard E. Blackwelder. Pp. 98-125. September 15, 1939.

No. 3070. New turritid mollusks from Florida, by Paul Bartsch and Harald
A. Rehder. Pp. 127-138, pl. 17. September 15, 1939.

No. 3071. A new trematode from the loon, Gavia immer, and its relationship
to Haematatrephus fodiens Linton, 1928, by W. Carl Gower. Pp. 139-143, fig.
15. September 1, 1939.

No. 3072. A study of LeConte’s types of the beetles in the genus Monozia,
with descriptions of new species, by Doris Holmes Blake. Pp. 145-171, pls.
18, 19. October 5, 1939.

No. 3073. Observations on the birds of northern Venezuela, by Alexander
Wetmore. Pp. 173-260. November 3, 1939.

No. 3074. A revision of the soapfishes of the genus Rypticus, by Leonard P.
Schultz and Earl D. Reid. Pp. 261-270. October 24, 1939.

No. 3075. A taxonomic study of the neotropical beetles of the family Mordel-
lidae, with descriptions of new species, by Hugene Ray. Pp. 271-314, figs.
16-19. December 15, 1939.

No. 3076. Catalog of human crania in the United States National Museum
collections: Indians of the Gulf States, by AleS Hrdlicka. Pp. 315-464, fig. 20
May 18, 1940.

VOLUME 88

No. 3078. Trematodes from fishes mainly from the Woods Hole region, Mas-
sachusetts, by Edwin Linton. Pp. 1-172, pls. 1-26. May 16, 1940.

No. 3079. Report on certain groups of neuropteroid insects from Szechwan,
China, by Nathan Banks. Pp. 178-220, pls. 27-80. April 13, 1940.

No. 3080. Cestocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus, by Edwin Kirk.
Pp. 221-224, pl. 31. March 14, 1940.

No. 2081. Notes on some pedunculate barnacles from the North Pacific, by
Dora Priaulx Henry. Pp. 225-236, figs. 1-5. April 30, 1940.

No. 3082. Revision of the chalcid-flies of the tribe Chalcidini in America
north of Mexico, by B. D. Burks. Pp. 237-354, figs. 6-14. June 11, 1940.

No. 30838. New genera and species of ichneumon-flies, with taxonomic notes,
by R. A. Cushman. Pp: 355-372, figs. 15, 16. March 13, 1940.

No. 3084. The scolytid beetles of the genus Renocis Casey, with descriptions
of nine new species, by M. W. Blackman. Pp. 873-401, figs. 17, 18. June 22,
1940.

No. 3085. Two new genera and three new species of cheilodipterid fishes, with
notes on the other genera of the family, by Leonard P. Schultz. Pp. 403-423,
figs. 19, 20. April 26, 1940.

No. 3086. A contribution to the knowledge of the Hucharidae (Hymenoptera :
Chalcidoidea), by A. B. Gahan. Pp. 425-458. April 25, 1940.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 107

No. 3087. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the genus Argwlus in the
collections of the United States National Museum, by O. Lloyd Meehean. Pp.
459-522, figs. 21-47. June 22, 1940.

No. 3088. The ichneumon-flies of the subfamily Neorhacodinae, with descrip-
tions of a new genus and three new species, by R. A. Cushman. Pp. 523-527,
fig. 48. April 18, 1940.

No. 3089. Notes on the birds of Kentucky, by Alexander Wetmore. Pp. 529—
574. April 23, 1940.

No. 3091. A prehistoric roulette from Wyandotte County, Kansas, by Waldo
R. Wedel and Harry M. Trowbridge. Pp. 581-586, figs. 49, 50. June 5, 1940.

VOLUME 89

No. 3092. A revision of the West Indian beetles of the scarabaeid subfamily
Aphodiinae, by Hdward A. Chapin. Pp. 1-41. May 23, 1940.

BULLETINS

No. 175. Variations and relationships in the snakes of the genus Pitwophis, by
Olive Griffith Stull. vi-+-225 pp. June 26, 1940.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE U. 8S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM: VOLUME 28

Part 3. Marine algae of the Smithsonian-Hartford Hxpedition to the West
Indies, 1937, by William Randolph Taylor. Pp. i-iii, 549-562, pl. 20. June 12,
1940.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

The editorial work of the Bureau has continued under the imme-
diate direction of the editor, M. Helen Palmer. During the year
three bulletins were issued as follows:

Bulletin 101. War ceremony and peace ceremony of the Osage Indians, by
Francis La Flesche. vii + 280 pp., 13 pls., 1 fig.

Bulletin 124. Nootka and Quileute music, by Frances Densmore. xxvi +
358 pp., 24 pls., 7 figs.

Bulletin 125. Hthnography of the Fox Indians, by William Jones. Edited
by Margaret Welpley Fisher. ix + 156 pp.

REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

The annual reports of the American Historical Association are
transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided
by the act of incorporation of the Association.

The report for 1935, volume 2 (Writings on American History) and
the report for 1938 (Proceedings) were issued during the year. The
report for 1936, volume 2 (Writings on American History, 1936)
and the report for 1937, volume 2 (Writings on American History,
1937-19388) were in press at the close of the year.

108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION

The manuscript of the Forty-second Annual Report of the National
Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was transmitted to
Congress, in accordance with law, December 11, 1939.

ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING

The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian
Annual Reports to Congress and the various publications of the Gov-
ernment bureaus under the administration of the Institution were
virtually used up at the close of the year. The appropriation for the
coming year ending June 30, 1941, totals $73,000, allotted as follows:

Smithsonianeins tition 26) sae $15, 000
National Museum___------- Ee AOE SA een eee See Cee 30, 250
Bureau) of Ameriean Hthnolog ye === ee 11, 150
National/@ollechionio® MinesAntG 2222. sean 400
international Sx chanees 2-2 ssa. ee ee eee 100
National: Zoolosical Banka22) 22) eee 100
Astrophysical, Observatory 22-— = = = ee ee ee 400
American ElStoriGal PASSOCcla lO! = === === 7, 100

io) ee Se Se ee ee ee ee 64, 500
IR@SeT YG .226e5 6-4) jue BS eee 2 eee 8, 500

Grand ,total 2 ee ee ee 73, 000

Respectfully submitted.
W. P. True, Chief, Editorial Division.
Dr. C. G. Asgor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSO-
NIAN INSTITUTION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1940

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:

Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report
in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with
a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government
bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution.

SMITHSONIAN ENDOWMENT FUND

The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s, 6d.—
$508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the
claim, freights, insurance, etc., together with payment into the
fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld during the
lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the amount
of $550,000.

Since the original bequest the Institution has received gifts from
various sources chiefly in the years prior to 1893, the income
from which may be used for the general work of the Institution.

To these gifts has been added capital from savings on income,
gain from sale of securities, etc., and they now stand on the
books of the Institution as follows:

Avery, Robert S. and Lydia T., bequest fund_________________ $51, 794. 10
Endowment fund, from gifts, income, ete___________________ 255, 037. 25
ELA DED re Sen Cg SS eatin Ole eahee yy NL Le Se as LA a 500. 00
Hachenberg, George P. and Caroline, bequest fund__________ 4, 081. 70
Hamilton, James, bequest fund _____________________________ 2, 909). 72
Henry Caroline; bequest fund 2222s) 2 eee 1, 227. 52
Eodekins®,aihomas) Go fund! soe ae eos ae ee 146, 675. 45
TEATRO AY 5 EWE. [Oe es ee EIS 2 OPT ie SI Re PO A ee 728, 879. 04
Rhees, William Jones, bequest fund_________________________ 1, 070. 15
Sanford, George H., memorial fund-__2--_-- -_- = 2, 008. 51
Witherspoon, Thomas A., memorial fund___-________-______ 130, 982. 00
PSN ECORI L ED aNCG hg es AE La ON aT rs GR le aa 1, 400. 00

Total endowment for general work of the Institution_______ 1, 326, 560. 44

The Institution holds also a number of endowment gifts and other
funds, the income of each being restricted to specific use. These are
invested and stand on the books of the Institution as follows:

Abbott, William L., fund, bequest to the Institution______________ $104, 662. 96
Arthur, James, fund, income for investigations aud study of sun
AN CME CHUTE OM ate ye Ue tee ee ene nud ee ella ais 2 ea VA 40, 592. 03

109

IEE

Bacon, Virginia Purdy, fund, for a traveling scholarship to investi-
gate fauna of countries other than the United States__________
Baird, Lucy H., fund, for creating a memorial to Secretary Baird__
Barstow, Frederic D., fund, for purchase of animals for the Zoo-
loses) Parkes: ' se 2 ea 2 yee a es ee ee ee
Canfield collection fund, for increase and care of the Canfield
collection ofimineralsens.4 ee" = St 0) Ee eee Te eA
Casey, Thomas L., fund, for maintenance of the Casey collection
and promotion of researches relating to Coleoptera_____________
Chamberlain, Francis Lea, fund, for increase and promotion of
Isaac Lea collection of gems and mollusks____________________-
Hillyer, Virgil, fund, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer col-
lectionzoL ie hbin S20) CCS == a ee es
Hitchcock, Dr. Albert S., library fund, for care of Hitchcock
Werostolosicall Wihranry fie Ria ee ee Pee ee eee
Hodgkins fund, specific, for increase and diffusion of more exact
knowledge in regard to nature and properties of atmospheric

Hughes, Bruce, fund, to found Hughes alcove_________-___________
Myer, Catherine Walden, fund, for purchase of first-class works
of art for the use of, and benefit of, the National Gallery of

Pell, Cornelia Livingston, fund, for maintenance of Alfred Duane
2) Ul gC C{ 0 U KY) wc Memeo Sah By en es gees awe ee a 9 aes Eee goa os
Poore, Lucy T. and George W., fund, for general use of the Institu-
tion when principal amounts to the sum of $250,000____________
Reid, Addison T., fund, for founding chair in biology in memory of
ASHER MINS ee 2 2 2 ee ae ee ee ee ee ee
Roebling fund, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling
Collection OmmMiIneralS 2 as ee ee ee ee eee
Rollins, Miriam and William, fund, for investigations in physics
And yChemMiStPy 2s] Sees ee eS ee ee ee
Smithsonianemployecs: retiremenG Ul Gee eee
Springer, Frank, fund, for care, etc., of Springer collection and
UT Tey eee Sh a Te SANE RID PS eA ee ee
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, research fund, for develop-
ment of geological and paleontological studies and publishing
TeSULtS*thereot2—22 = 2 ee ee Dees ee
Younger, Helen Walcott, fund, held in trust_____________________
Zerbee, Francis Brincklé, fund, for endowment of aquaria________
Special research fund, gift, in form of real estate________________

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

50, 850. 81
16, 132. 25

772. 05

38, 819. 63
9, 309. 42
28, 582. 05
6, 670, 62
1, 544. 95
100, 000. 00
17, 418. 53
19, 239. 80

2, 449. 68

122, 488. 89

100, 805. 06
717. 80

18, 201. 29

Total endowment for specific purposes other than Freer
ENG OWMENG 2 a es

871, 062. 42

The above funds amount to a total of $2.197,622.86 and are carried

in the following investment accounts of the Institution:

U.S. Treasury deposit account, drawing 6 percent interest___----_ $1, 000, 000. 00

Miscellaneous: special siundS=5 Stes er eee eee eee
Consolidated investment fund (income in table following) —-_______

116, 873. 61
1, 081, 249. 25

2, 197, 622. 86

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 111

CONSOLIDATED FUND

Statement of Principal and Income for the Last 10 Years

Fiscal year Capital Income Foren
TO Bee AE a 2 ae Lan SI a Do ee eee YC $668, 069. 02 | $28, 518. 07 4, 27
TR eS 2 A es ie en, nt UN 8S a oe oo a 712, 156. 86 26, 142. 21 3. 67
CER 2 Slee ee et. AN 0 meee a Lh) kT) BS 8 Sh 764, 077. 67 28, 185. 11 3. 68
NO SANE eet pea aie> 03 PERE Re pqs 5 SPS ELE nl A Le es ee Sahn Sl 754, 570. 84 26, 650. 32 3. 66
A Fy ee ae ps ae a Se, PE Rs iS aN ELT SS Yara SIERO RS. We LN ore bat cece ive Beta 706, 765. 68 26, 808. 86 3. 79
OB aa ee ee, BEE ie SS eS ee ee ees Se eee tee seed 723, 795. 46 26, 836. 61 Bis fil
Speckle. Spt iene ede ehamteed za Saw sees ee aS Pt We = EN ape 738, 858. 54 33, 819. 43 4.57
GS eee en PRINS iC Oh eA Ie Ie clans ven a De Bee 867, 528.50 | 34, 679. 64 4.00
LOE arepe panied ene eee eget 822 De I et tate ee Ri lh ee oar 902, 801. 27 30, 710. 53 3. 40:
TLS) () aR ema ai ON Soe oe at Fe aL EE, RA En LL SG ee SE: CPA RES Oy 1, 081, 249.25 | 38, 673. 29 3, 47

FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND

Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave to
the Institution his collection of Chinese and other oriental! objects of
art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whistler,
Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for the
construction of a building to house the collection, and finally in his
will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stock and securities to
the estimated value of $1,958,591.42 as an endowment fund for the
operation of the gallery. Krom the above date to the present time
these funds have been increased by stock dividends, savings of income,
etc., to a total of $6,112,953.46. In view of the importance and special
nature of the gift and the requirements of the testator in respect to
it, all Freer funds are kept separate from the other funds of the Insti-
tution, and the accounting in respect to them is stated separately.

The invested funds of the Freer bequest are classified as follows:

Countrandscrounds tundse 22 eee $684, 798. 42
Court and crounds maintenance fund 222-2322 =. eee 171, 963. 09
CuTratrorpin Cee Reed. 5 Ue oa ee ee oe eal ee 696, 897. 47

Residuary legacy__--—-- jes ee SN PEN AAA se AS ESD ESE 4, 559, 294. 48

HIB 3) Rea ees eo eee ec SEPM ee ee eee iee Eee LE oe *6, 112, 953. 46
SUMMARY

Invested endowment for general purposes____--_--______________ $1, 326, 560. 44
Investment endowment for specific purposes other than Freer

CHOW UIEN Gee i oa we ine eee Oe pifsegemeney Waele age 871, 062. 42

Total invested endowment other than Freer endowment___ 2, 197, 622. 86

Freer invested endowment for specific purposes_______-_____ _ 6,112, 9538. 46

Total invested endowment for all purposes__----~-_ fa a ee 8, 310, 576. 32

1The greater portion of gain in this capital over previous year is caused by placing
on the books of the Institution the approximate market value of a large holding of stock
heretofore held at a much lower figure.

112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS

Deposited in the U. S. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as author-

ized in the United States Revised Statutes, sec. 5591___________ $1, 000, 000. 00
Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or market value at

date acquired) :

Bonds) (a0) ditterent: 2roups) = $539, 844. 99
Stocks (41 ditterent, eroups)/ 222 -2———- =e BIT, 792. 36
Real estate and first-mortgage notes_----_---_- a, G61
Uninvestedscapitales-.- 2-2 = ee eee eee 8, 324. 40

—_—__—_—_——._ 1, 197; 622. 86

Total investments other than Freer endowment __--~----~~ 2, 197, 622. 86

Investments of Freer endowment (cost or market
value at date acquired) :

Bonds (48 different groups)—--—----—_______ $2, 685, 147. 75
Stocks (57 different groups) —__-----~-- piiep bent 3, 410, 858. 25
Real estate first-mortgage notes______-------- 9, 000. 00
Uninvested) capitale= a2 ss ase 7, 947. 46

——__—_—_—_—_—— 6,112, 953. 46

Notall investments2220 S45 3 a Ae eee 8, 310, 576. 82

CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS, AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ”

CASH) balance on Wand cli esl heya eee $318, O97. 74
Receipts :
Cash income from various sources for general
WORKNOL he; INSti tit Ones 2) es eee $90, 255. 92
Cash gift and contributions expendable for
special scientific objects (not to be invested) — 41, 058. 06
Cash gifts for special scientific work. (to be
UTRVIG@S UC) ) nce ee ee ee ee Se 7. 50

Cash income from endowments for specific use
other than Freer endowment and from
miscellaneous sources (including refund of

KETO POA yar CVA GES) me eee 79, 627. 88
Cash received as royalties from Smithsonian
Sclentifi@u Series 222 2+ 5 sac late ewe yee ee 35, 183. 75
Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete.
(togbesTeinvested)) = saa ee eee 126, 797. 78
Total receipts other than Freer endowment__------------ 372, 930. 89
Cash income from Freer endowment __-~----- 242, 573. 92
Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete.
(totbe weinvested) 24-4222 ee eee 1, 311, 672. 25
Total receipts from Freer endowment___----------------_ 1, 554, 246. 17
Motel SEAL A Fa ee ee os 2, 240, 274. 80

2This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative
charge of the Institution.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY

Disbursements :
From funds for general work of the Institution:

Buildings—eare, repairs, and alterations__ 3, 118. 37
Kucniburey ands iixtunes. aaa eee 114. 39
General administration *_________________ 34, 261. 55
EAU GWREENS A 700 EN Se SR ee ea ga eee 2, 112. 90
Publications (comprising preparation,
printing, and distribution) ___________ 18, 574. 05
Researches and explorations_____________ 26, 477. 02
From funds for specific use, other than Freer
endowment :
Investments made from gifts, from gain
from sale, ete., of securities and from
Savings on income—-—_——-_____________- 49, 621. 10
Other expenditures, consisting largely of
research work, travel, increase and
eare of special collections, ete., from in-
come of endowment funds and from
eash gifts for specific use (including
temporary advances) —------_________- 85, 677. 70
Reinvestment of cash capital from sale,
call of securities, ete.__________________ 100, 160. 14
Cost of handling securities, fee of invest-
ment counsel, and accrued interest on
bondsispurchased 232 sess See se 2, 619. 75
From Freer endowment:
Operating expenses of the gallery, sal-
aries, field expenses, ete._____________--_ 45, 755. 98
Purchase of art objects__________________ 155, 214. 33
Investments made from gain from sale,
ete offsectinities im ati 1 anys 5964273555
Reinvestment of cash capital from sale,
CAllGoOr Securities selec ss eee 1, 104, 247. 02
Cost of handling securities, fee of invest-
ment counsel, and accrued interest on
bonds purchased including assessment
for employees’ retirement system_______ 24, 738. 29

Cashbalancesne 30s 1 O40 aan ee eee

3 This ineludes salary of the Secretary and certain others.

113

84, 658. 28

238, 078. 69

1, 526, 229. 17
391, 308. 66

2, 240, 274. 80

114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1940

EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCHES IN PURE SCIENCE, PUBLICATIONS, EXPLORA-
TIONS, CARE, INCREASE, AND STUDY OF COLLECTIONS, ETC.

Expenditures from general funds of the Institution:

Publications 24h) 2 Se 8 ee ee Ee ee eee $18, 574. 05
Researches, andlexplorawons= =) ae= === ae eee 26, 477. 02

$45, 051. 07
Expenditures from funds devoted to specific purposes :

Researches gand/exploranonsS 228s = ee 49, 692. 55
Care, increase, and study of special collections______ 13, 453. 86
IPublGatignst a3 So eee Ee eee 3, 469. 12
66, 615. 53
Motal . 2 eee Eee pod a “a pe ee _ 111, 666. 60

The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and banks
such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been continued during
the past year, and interest on these deposits has amounted to $1,022.34.

The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from the
following :

Friends of Dr. Albert S. Hitchcock, for establishment and care of the
Hitchcock Agrostological Library.

Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., for expedition to Liberia for the collection of
living wild animals.

Research Corporation, further contributions for research in radiation,

John A. Roebling, further contributions for research in radiation.

Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, for purchase of certain specimens.

Hleanor E. Witherspoon, for Thomas A. Witherspoon Memorial for the
advancement of human knowledge.

All payments are made by check, signed by the Secretary of the In-
stitution on the Treasurer of the United States, and all revenues are
deposited to the credit of the same account. In many instances de-
posits are placed in bank for convenience of collection and later are
withdrawn in round amounts and deposited in the Treasury.

The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the Insti-
tution.

The following annual appropriations were made by Congress for
the Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the
Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal year 1940:

Generali Wspénsesh ten" be! s ae) ee en a ee te ee _ $356, 620. 00
(This combines under one heading the appropriations hereto-
fore made for Salaries and Expenses, International Ex-
changes, American Ethnology, Astrophysical Observatory,
and National Collection of Fine Arts of the Smithsonian
Institution and for Maintenance and Operation of the
United States National Museum. )

EAREC TAN OON OIE, COMME IO TNE a 8 e 628, 800. 00
Printing sand: binding: 2) 2.4 ee eee 73, 000. 00
National ‘Zoological Park.2)-*— - 2 eS ee 237, 060. OO

(otal 22882 4 Se ee ee ee ee 1, 295, 480. 00

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ILS

In addition to the above an appropriation of $270,000 was made in
the Third Deficiency Act, 1939, for the installation of an alternating
current electric system in the Smithsonian Institution buildings.

The report of the audit of the Smithsonian private funds is printed
below:

SEPTEMBER 24, 1940.
HWXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, BOARD OF REGENTS,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

Sirs: Pursuant to agreement we have audited the accounts of the Smithsonian
Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940, and certify the balance of cash
on hand, including Petty Cash Fund, June 30, 1940 to be $393,208.66.

We have verified the record of receipts and disbursements maintained by the
institution and the agreement of the book balances with the bank balances.

We have examined all the securities in the custody of the Institution and in
the custody of the banks and found them to agree with the book records.

We have compared the stated income of such securities with the receipts of
record and found them in agreement therewith.

We have examined all vouchers covering disbursements for account of the
Institution during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940, together with the authority
therefor, and have compared them with the Institution’s record of expenditures
and found them to agree.

We have examined and verified the accounts of the Institution with each trust
fund.

We found the books of account and records well and accurately kept and the
securities conveniently filed and securely cared for.

All information requested by your auditors was promptly and courteously
furnished.

We certify the Balance Sheet, in our opinion, correctly presents the financial
cendition of the Institution as at June 30, 1940.

Respectfully submitted.

WILLIAM L. YAEGER,
Certified Public Accountant.
Respectfully submitted.

Frepertc A, DELANo,

R. Warton Moors,
Executive Committec.

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