ant 101 $6628 : : | FISH ce aa "> REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | . se we ays Oe ee a on ies : we” FINANCIAL REPORT OF ‘s* THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF | _THE BOARD OF REGENTS 1o42' SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D. C. Snes REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN \ tw INSTITUTION ee a et® ao™ we AND ear ge a. FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1942 (Publication 369%) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - = + += « » « @ &@ e@ Price 25 cents CONTENTS Page NOSED COLE UBT NE DFS) eS sc a a i Re eS a 1 SPIE sOMan andy the nware ae wih se ee 7 Ending of Wright-Smithsonian controversy -_--_-_--_------------- yaeaaia 10 Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution_______ 10 “ADL ay Exsefat OY BSH ob aa EY oly eee ee ce 8 UA a eg Al A 15 shesDoasdtor Rese mtsi2 We cepts: Se Bost i hel ics Gi ae a Oe de 16 j SME EN GLSYS) a 2 ES Te IGS IE NG ele cP al A OAR ue eee Lg 16 Mat tersroteren era lame res Gis st Ne ase ee te ion Se I eT a 17 SmI nsoniankra dios pro ore res ey ke a EE eee 17 Walter Rathbone Bacon:scholarships 220-2522) 2s ee 18 MieverthtArtinurle efaire sain es saga Ne Se) a Ui iy a So 19 Explorawons andutleldeworkisss aytie lyase sem) cok Gre ly alll i cio Moa is ea 20 AUD LL CAL TO TAS OPS ts PR LN TI ale te 3 alls he Sa ne) Se Ew Si 21 IGA Tare yp al a Te aN I a aI ea ATR, eS Ba LA) Sil a ch 22 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum_-__-_______- 24 2. Report on the National Gallery of Art____-______________=_ 36 3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts_ + ________-_ 46 4. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art__----_-_____ CAN Sessa 51 5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology____-____-_-_- 56 6. Report on the International Exchange Service_____________ 68 7. Report on the National Zoological Park_._______________- adi 8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory________________- 86 9. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms_______- 90 1Osveport onthe jilbrary: — 2a 2 we Ba A NE A A ca 93 Lik. 1eveyoroney Gin joWOKeN HONE Us Be ee eek 98 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents___________- 106 Iit ate THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 380, 1942 Presiding officer ex officio—FRANKLIN D. RoosEvELT, President of the United States. Chancellor.—HArLan F, Stoner, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States. Henry A. WatLAcr, Vice President of the United States. HartaAn FE. Stone; Chief Justice of the United States. CorDELL HULL, Secretary of State. HENRY MORGENTHAU, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War. FrAnNciIs Brippie, Attorney General. FRANK C. WALKER, Postmaster General. FRANK KNOox, Secretary of the Navy. Harotp L. ICKEs, Secretary of the Interior. CLAUDE R. WicKARD, Secretary of Agriculture. JESSE H. JoNES, Secretary of Commerce. FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: HarLan FEF. Stonp, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. Henry A. WALLACE, Vice President of the United States. CHARLES L. MCNARY, Member of the Senate. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Member of the Senate. BENNETT CHAMP CLARK, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. Wi1AM P. Cote, Jr., Member of the House of Representatives. Fosrer STEARNS, Member of the House of Representatives. FreDERIC A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C. RonaNp: S.-Morris,. citizen of Pennsylvania. Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey. ARTHUR H. Compton, citizen of Illinois. VANNEVAR BUSH, citizen of Washington, D. C. FREDERIC C. WALCOTT, citizen of Connecticut. _ Executive Committee.—F REvERIC A. DELANO, VANNEVAR BUSH, CLARENCE CANNON. Secretary.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secrelary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—HArRRY W. DorsEY. Treasurer.—NIcHOoLAS W. Dorsey. Chief, editorial division—WE2zSTER P. TRUE. Librarian.—LeILa F. CLARK. Personnel officer. —HELEN A. OLMSTED. Property clerk.—JAMrs H. HILL. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Keeper ex officio CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secretary (in charge). —ALEXANDER WETMORE. Associate Director.—JOHN E. GRAF. 2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT oF ANTHROPOLOGY : ; Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, chief preparator. Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; J. E. Weckler, Jr., associate curator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator. Section of Ceramics: Samuel W. Woodhouse, collaborator. Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; Waldo R. Wedel, associate | curator; R. G. Paine, senior scientific aid; J. Townsend Russell, honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology. Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator. Collaborator in anthropology: George Grant -MacCurdy. Associate in anthropology: AleS Hrdlicka. as DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY: Leonhard Stejneger, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist ; Aime M. Awl, illustrator. Division of Mammals: Remington Kellogg, curator; D. H. Johnson, associate curator; H. Harold Shamel, senior scientific aid; A. Brazier Howell, col- laborator; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate. Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator; S. Dillon Ripley, II, assistant curator; Alexander Wetmore, cus- todian of alcoholic and skeleton collections ; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leonhard Stejneger, curator; Doris M. Cochran, associate curator. Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; H. D. Reid, senior scientific aid. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; Edward A. Chapin, curator; R. EH. Blackwelder, associate curator. Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist- - ant custodian ; Robert A: Cushman, assistant custodian. | Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection. Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custcdian. Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; C. R. Shoe- maker, associate curator; James O. Maloney, aid; Mrs. Harriet Rich- ardson Searle, collaborator; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; J. Percy Moore, collaborator ; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in Foraminifera. Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, associate , curator; Joseph P. HE. Morrison, senior scientific aid. Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, col laborator. Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium): W. R. Maxon, curator; Hlls- worth P. Killip, associate curator; Emery C. Leonard, assistant curator ; Conrad V. Morton, assistant curator; Egbert H. Walker, assistant cu- rator; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G, Lloyd mycological collection. Section of Grasses; Agnes Chase, custodian. Section of Cryptogamic Collections; O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae; W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms: Paul S. Conger, custodian. 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3 DEPARTMENT OF BIoLogy.—Continued. Associates in Zoology: Mary J. Rathbun, Theodore 5s. Palmer, William B. Marshall, A. G. Boving. Associate in Marine Sediments: T. Wayland V’ughan. Associate in botany: Henri Pittier. Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark. Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY: R. S. Bassler, head curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid. Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, curator; E. P. Hender- son, associate curator: B. O. Reberholt, senior scientific aid; Frank J. . Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Charles E. Resser, curator; Gustav A. Cooper associate curator; Marion F. Willoughby, senior scientific aid. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoie collection. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; C. Lewis Gazin, associate curator; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator. Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, S. H. Perry. Associate in Paleontology; E. O. Ulrich. Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross IDEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES: Carl W. Mitman, head curator. Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, curator. Section of Transportation and Civil Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Aeronautics: Paul E. Garber, associate curator. Section of Mechanical Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Electrical Engineering and Communications: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering: Carl W. Mitman, in charge. Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Tools: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Division of Crafts and Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Elizabeth W. Rosson, senior scientifie aid. Section of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Section of Woods and Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, associate curator. Section of Chemical Industries: Wallace H. Duncan, assistant curator. Section of Agricultural Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Division of Medicine and Public Health: Charles Whitebread, associate curator. Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, associate curator. DIvIsIon oF HisTory: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, assistant curator; Catherine L. Manning, philatelist. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Chief of correspondence and documents.—H. S. BRYANT. Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L. 0. COMMERFORD. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—R. H. 'TREMBLY. 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 Assistant superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR. Editor.—Pavut H. OEHSER. Accountant and auditor.—N. W. Dorsry. Photographer.—A. J. OLMSTED. Property clerk.—LAWRENCE L. OLIVER. Assistant librarian.—ELisABetH P. Hopps. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Trustees: THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STaTes, Chairman. THE SECRETARY OF STATE. THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Davin K. E. Bruce. FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN PHILLIPS. SAMUEL H. Kress. JOSEPH HE). WIDENER. President.—DaAvip K. HE. Bruce. Vice President.—FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. Associate Vice President.—CHESTER DALE. Secretary-Treasurer and General Counsel.—DoNALp D. SHEPARD. Director.—DaAvip EK. FINLeyY. . Assistant Director.—MAcGILL JAMES. Administrator —H. A. McBripe. Chief Curator.—JOHN WALKER. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Acting Director.—RvEL P. ToLMAN. FREER GALLERY OF ART Director.—JoHN ELLERTON LODGE. Assistant Director.—GRAacr DUNHAM GUEST, Associate in research.—ARCHIBALD G. WENLEY. Superintendent.—W. N. RAwLey. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief.—MATTHEW W. STIRLING. Senior ethnologists——H. B. Cotuins, Jr., JooN P. HarriNcTon, JoHN R. SwANTOoON. Senior archeologist.—FRANK H. H. Roserrs, Jr. Senior anthropologist.—JuLIAN H. STEWARD. Associate anthropologist—W. N. FENTON. Editor.—M. Heten Pater. . Librarian.— Miriam B. KEtcHuM. Iilustrator.—EpDWIn G. CASSEDY. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Secretary (in charge). —CHARLES G. ABBOT. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN. Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5 ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY DIVISION oF SOLAR AND STELLAR RADIATION: Charles G. Abbot, director; Loyal B. Aldrich, assistant director ; William H. Hoover, senior astrophysicist. Division OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Charles G. Abbot, director ; Earl] S. Johns- ton, assistant director; Edward D. McAlister, senior physicist; Leland B. Clark, senior mechanical engineer; Robert L. Weintraub, junior biochemist. a Se Sy Reh ge REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION C. G. ABBOT FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1942 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942. The first 23 pages contain a summary account of the affairs of the Institution, and appendixes 1 to 11 give more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Inter- national Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, which now includes the Division of Radiation and Organisms, the Smithsonian lbrary, and of the publications issued under the direction of the Institution. On page 106 is the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents. THE SMITHSONIAN AND THE WAR In my last report I stated that in the fiscal year 1941 the Smithson- dan. had been assigned several .problems, connected with national defense and stood ready to devote all its resources to such work when called upon. After Pearl Harbor, calls upon the Institution for special information relating to the war increased rapidly, and early in 1942 I appointed a War Committee for the purpose of exploiting every facility of the Institution in aiding the war effort. Such a highly specialized organization as the Smithsonian obviously can only undertake those things which its staff is trained and equipped to do, but: the exploratory investigations of the War Committee revealed a surprisingly wide range of activities in which the Institution could engage that are directly or indirectly of real service in the war effort. For some organizations whose normal activities are in fields directly applicable to war work, such for example as those concerned with strategic materials or those with large physical laboratories, the prob- lem of going over to a war footing is solved for them. For such 7 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 establishments as the Smithsonian, with its normal functions of research, chiefly in the natural sciences, publication of results of scien- tific researches, museum and art gallery exhibition, and international exchange of literature, the problem is not so simple. Every member of the staff desires earnestly to do his utmost to aid in the war effort, but in many instances, as the following summary of Smithsonian war activities shows, the only possible way of putting the desire into effect is connected only indirectly with war work. Nevertheless, work such as that which the Smithsonian is qualified to perform will, I believe, be seen to fill a definite place in the Nation’s all-out war effort. | The membership of the War Committee is as follows: C. W. Mit- man, engineer, chairman; L. B. Aldrich, physicist; W. N. Fenton, ethnologist; Herbert Friedmann, biologist; and W. P. True, chief, editorial division. For several weeks the committee met every day in the effort to speed up the diversion of as much as possible of the Institution’s work into war channels. Several questionnaires were sent to the staff asking for suggestions and detailed information as to the qualifications, travel, and special knowledge of each member. With these data before them, the committee began to make recom- mendations, most of which I approved and put into effect. Those projects which had been initiated up to June 30, 1942, are as follows: 1, The Institution has prepared a detailed roster of the scientific staff totaling nearly 100 scientists, listing their geographic and special- ized knowledge. Some of this. knowledge has proved to be readily available nowhere else, and the roster has been extensively used in connection with inquiries from war agencies. 2. A record of requests from war agencies for specific informa- tion from individual staff members shows a total of 460 such received since Pearl Harbor. Fifty percent came directly from the War and Navy Departments, the rest from 25 different other war agencies. In short, the Smithsonian is serving as an important source of tech- nical and geographic information. 3. The Smithsonian, together with the National Research Council, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Social Science Research Council, has actively participated in the setting up of the Ethnogeographic Board. The Institution furnishes financial sup- port and facilities, and serves as the headquarters for the Board, whose purpose is to provide a central clearinghouse for information to Army and Navy Intelligence and other war agencies in the fields of geography, languages, and social sciences. Dr. William Duncan Strong, formerly of the Bureau of American Ethnology and now a member of the staff of Columbia University, was appointed director of the Board. Members of the staff of the Institution are cooperat- ing closely in the work. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 4, The Smithsonian has thousands of published and unpublished photographs taken by its scientists in all parts of the world, includ- ing many out-of-the-way places not commonly photographed. An index is being compiled of the published material, and members of the staff have put their photographic files in shape for ready con- sultation by war agencies. Many of its photographs have already been so consulted. 5. In the very important field of Latin American cooperation, the Institution has undertaken two large-scale scientific projects. One is a Handbook of the Indians of South America, under the editorship of Dr. Julian H. Steward, of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The various articles will be contributed by both Latin American and North American anthropologists. This will be published under the auspices of the Institution. The other is a list of the insects of South and Central America, a much-needed tool for all future en- tomological work in those areas. The completed list, which is esti- mated to make more than a thousand pages of print, will also appear as a Smithsonian publication. 6. Approximately 10 percent of the scientific staff are engaged in full-time war projects assigned to them by the Army, Navy, or other war agencies. This work is being done either at the Institution or through transfer of personnel to the agency requesting the work. All the rest of the staff members devote a portion of their time to work related directly or indirectly to the war, the actual amount of time depending on the extent to which their special knowledge is needed by war agencies. 7. In the line of its normal function of diffusion of knowledge, the Institution has initiated several wartime projects. A new series of pamphlets entitled “War Background Studies” and a series of news releases headed “War Background Data” have as their purpose the increasing of popular understanding of the various regions and peo- ples involved in the world conflict. In the Smithsonian’s radio pro- gram, “The World Is Yours,” four broadcasts were given on a Nation- wide network comprising a series on the peoples of the United Na- tions. Several special war exhibits were shown in the Smithsonian and Museum buildings and others are definitely planned. A series of special lectures on war topics has been arranged, and at the close of the fiscal year its beginning awaited only the installation of new projection equipment in the Museum auditorium. A set of six post- cards illustrating Museum exhibits was printed for free distribution to service men; in conjunction with these, writing counters and a mail ‘box were installed at the entrance to the Arts and Industries Build- ing where men in uniform write and mail the cards. Thousands of sets had been given out at the close of the year, and this service 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 seems to be much appreciated. All the Museum buildings are now open all day Sunday for the benefit of service men and war workers. 8. The War Committee and officials of the Institution have estab- lished definite contacts with the War and Navy Departments and other wir agencies; through these contacts continual efforts are being made to channel more war-time researches and other suitable activities to the Institution. The War Committee will continue to function for the duration. ENDING OF WRIGHT-SMITHSONIAN CONTROVERSY By anticipation, I report with great relief and peculiar satisfaction the ending of the long controversy between Dr. Orville Wright and. the Smithsonian Institution. Negotiations, in which Colonel Lind- bergh and others had taken part, had proceeded intermittently be- tween the Secretary and Dr. Wright since 1928. Since June 1942, in part with the mediation of Fred C. Keliy, an active interchange of communications has gone on. It resulted in a statement acceptable to Dr. Wright which was published by the Institution in its Mis- cellaneous Collections, volume 103, No. 8, October 24, 1942. This statement, which speaks for itself, it is intended to republish as the first article of the Appendix to the Smithsonian Report for 1942. In his letter of October 17, 1942, Dr. Wright says: “I hope the relations between the Institution and myself may again be as amicable as they were in Dr. Langley’s administration.” SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION National Museum.—Accessions for the year totaled 284,582 speci- mens, bringing the number of catalog entries in all departments to 17,578,240. Among the outstanding accessions may be mentioned the following: In anthropology, 200 artifacts from the old Indian village site of Potawomeke, Stafford County, Va.; cult objects from voodoo shrines in Haiti, and weapons of the Moro of Mindanao, P. I.; in biology, 30 Antarctic seals, 54 Manchurian mammals, 1,845 birds from Colombia collected by Dr. Alexander Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr., 14,219 fishes from the area between Peru and Alaska received from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, a collection of 25,000 specimens of Hemiptera received from W. L. McAtee, 7,600 specimens, mostly termites, collected in Jamaica by Dr. Edward A. Chapin, and 2,169 specimens of plants of Colombia received in con- tinuation of exchanges from the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, Colombia; in geology, a large aquamarine from Agua Preta, Minas Geraes, Brazil, purchased from the Roebling fund, a 2,690- gram specimen of the Rose City, Mich., stony meteorite presented by REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 Dr. Stuart H. Perry, 4 tons of limestone blocks of beautifully pre- served silicified Permian fossils collected in Texas by Dr. G. A. Cooper, and 8,000 Cambrian and Devonian fossils collected by Dr. C. E. Resser in Montana, Utah, and the Canadian Rockies; in engineer- ing and industries, a number of models of historic aircraft, an example of the Allison liquid-cooled aircraft engine, type V—1710-C, a jeep lent by the War Department, the first Emerson iron lung completed in 1931, and a collection of 183 Currier and Ives prints given by Miss Adele S. Colgate. Although field expeditions were greatly curtailed because of war conditions, those to which the Muséum was previously committed were carried through with valuable results in specimens and new information. Visitors to the Museum numbered 2,042,817. Although this was nearly half a million less than in the previous year, nevertheless the decrease was less than had been anticipated in view of restrictions on automobile travel. The Museum issued 44 publications and distributed 82,545 copies during the year. Fifteen special exhibits were held in the Museum under the auspices of various scientific and other groups. Among numerous changes in the staff may be mentioned the retirement, after nearly 39 years of service, of Dr. AleS Hrdhcka as curator of the division of physical anthropology; Dr. T. Dale Stewart, associate curator of the division, was promoted to the curatorship to succeed him. National Gallery of Art—The total attendance at the Gallery for the first full year of its operation was 2,005,328, a daily average of over 5,500 visitors. In June the Gallery began a series of Sunday evening openings for the benefit of service men and war workers. Concerts and special lectures featured these Sunday openings, which proved so successful that it was decided to continue them indefinite- ly. Publications available to the public are a general information booklet, a catalog of the paintings and sculpture, a book of illustra- tions of all the works of art in the Gallery, color reproductions, and postcards. Since Pearl Harbor the Gallery has been blacked out nightly, and frequent air-raid drills have been held. A_ limited number of the most fragile and irreplaceable works of art have been removed to a place of greater safety, but it is the expressed belief of the Board of Trustees that the Gallery has a duty to the public and an obligation as a source of recreation and education to con- tinue its activities and even increase them in war time. Gifts of prints, paintings, and sculpture were accepted from eight different donors, and a number of important loans were received. Seven special exhibitions were held at the Gallery, including one of draw- ings of war-time London, another of the art of Australia, and one of 11 portrait busts of the Presidents of the Republics of South America, by Jo Davidson. The Gallery’s educational program in- 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 cluded Gallery tours of the collection conducted twice daily; a series of 34 special lectures, one given each Saturday afternoon from Octo- ber to April, and Gallery talks and other lectures dealing with a specific school or specific works of art. Beginning in December, special tours for members of the armed forces were arranged for Saturday afternoons. National Collection of Fine Arts—The necessary plans were made during the year for the protection and evacuation of works of art in the National Collection. Four oil paintings and a number of other works of aft were accepted for the collection by the Smith- sonian Art Commission. Three miniatures were acquired through the Catherine Walden Myer fund. Hight special exhibitions were held as follows: Miniatures lent by Count and Countess Bohdan de Castellane; oils and water colors by Roy M. Mason, N. A.; oils, prints, and drawings by Antonio Rodriguez Luna, of Mexico; jade lent by Georges Estoppey; paintings on metal and prints by Buell Mullen; oils, water colors, and prints by members of the Landscape Club of Washington, D. C.; plaster busts by Marina Nuiez del Prado, of Bolivia; oil paintings, pencil drawings, lithographs, and water colors by Ignacio Aguirre, of Mexico. Freer Gallery of Art—Additions to the collections included Per- sian and Syrian brass; Chinese bronze; Chinese jade; Arabic man- uscript; Arabic, Chinese, and Persian painting; Arabic, Mesopo- tamian, Persian, and Syro-Egyptian pottery. The regular work of the curatorial staff was devoted to the study and recording of these new acquisitions and other art objects already in the collection. In addition, 770 objects and 235 photographs of objects were submitted to the Director by their owners for information as to identity, prov- enance, quality, date, or inscriptions. Besides this usual work, the staff devoted much of its time during the winter and spring to work connected with the war. The total number of visitors to the Gallery for the year was 87,890. A number of groups were given docent service in the exhibition galleries and study rooms. Carl Whiting Bishop associate in archeology, a member of the Gallery staff since 1922, died on June 16, 1942. From 1923 to 1927, and from 1929 to 1934, Mr. Bishop was in charge of the Freer Gallery field work in China. . He published numerous articles on Chinese archeology in various journals and was widely known as an authority on the earlier phases of Chinese culture. Bureau of American Ethnology.—The time of the members of the Bureau’s scientific staff has been devoted more and more to activities concerned with the war effort. Their specialized geographical, racial, and linguistic knowledge has been in constant demand by the Army, Navy, and other war agencies, and certain staff members REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13 have cooperated closely with the Ethnogeographic Board, an agency that acts as a clearinghouse for anthropological, geographical, and related information needed in the war effort. As time permitted, the Bureau continued its normal work of studying the American Indian. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, spent 2 months in Mexico in continuation of the Smithsonian Institution-National Geographic Society archeological project in that country. Dr. John R. Swanton continued work on a study of the language of the Timucua Indians of Florida and on the revision of a large general paper on the Indians of North America. Dr. John P. Harrington carried forward work on two problems involving linguistic studies of Aleut, the language of the islands between Asia and America, and of Athapascan, the language of the northern Rockies, of a large part of the Pacific coast, and of the southern deserts. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., conducted archeological excavations at a site near San Jon, N. Mex., uncovering an interesting sequence of projectile points and other artifact types and obtaining new information on aboriginal occupation of that area. Just before the close of the year Dr. Roberts went to Newcastle, Wyo., to inspect a promising archeological site. Dr. Julian H. Steward continued his work as editor of the Handbook of South American Indians, in the course of which he visited Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Chile for con- ferences with Latin-American anthropologists. Dr. Henry B. Col- lins, Jr., continued the study of archeological materials from pre- historic Eskimo village sites around Bering Strait. Dr. W. N. Fen- ton carried on several investigations relating to the Iroquois Indians. Dr. Philip Drucker made an analysis of the pottery collections made in Mexico in 1941 by the Smithsonian Institution-National Geo- graphic Society expedition. In continuation of the work of this ex- pedition he went in January 1942 to a site at La Venta, in north- west Tabasco, where excavations resulted in a number of interesting discoveries. Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the Bureau, recorded Omaha songs at Macy, Nebr. The Bureau published its Annual Report and three Bulletins. The library accessioned 350 items; the reclassification of the library was practically completed during the year. International Eachanges—The Exchange Service acts as the official United States agency for the interchange of parliamentary, governmental, and scientific publications between this country and the rest of the world. The Service handled during the year 561,151 packages of publications weighing 326,406 pounds. As would be ex- pected, the work of the Exchange Service was greatly hampered by the war. In the Eastern Hemisphere only Great Britain and the Union of South Africa continued to receive shipments from this 489366—42——_2 14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 country. In the Western Hemisphere, where all packages are sent by mail, there was no interruption to the sending of exchanges, although censorship caused some delay. In April 1942 the sending of the Congressional Record to foreign countries through the Ex- change Service was discontinued for the duration at the request of the Office of Censorship. . National Zoological Park.—Although war conditions reduced the number of out-of-town visitors to the Zoo, more people from nearby areas came by bus and streetcar and on foot, bringing the total at- tendance for the year to 2,523,300, or sightly more than the number for the previous year. A considerable proportion of the attendance was made-up of men in the armed services, many of them enjoying their first oportunity of visiting a large zoo. As usual, a large num- ber of gifts of animals came to the Park, and there were 65 mammals born, 40 birds hatched, and 2 reptiles born during the year. Deaths included a sulphur-crested cockatoo that had been in the Zoo for 52 years, and the American bald eagle “Jerry,” a Zoo resident for 26 years. The epidemic of psittacosis that caused serious losses of birds and caused the closing of the bird house to the public for 3 months, as noted in last year’s report, was finally subdued through the cooperation of the United States Public Health Service and the District of Columbia Health Department. Many of the poisonous reptiles have been removed from the Zoo, leaving so few that they could be quickly disposed of in an emergency. At the close of the year, the collection contained a total of 2,411 animals, representing 722 different species. Astrophysical Observatory—The most important event of the year was the publication of volume 6 of the Annals of the Observa- tory, which covers its operations from 1920 to 1939. Besides de- scribing in detail the principal research on the variation of the sun’s radiation, the volume is the culmination of several years’ work de- voted‘ to revising the daily results of observation of the solar con- stant of radiation at the three field observing stations at Montezuma, Chile, Table Mountain, Calif., and Mount St. Katherine, Egypt, from 1923 to 1989. The values published clearly indicate the vari- ation of the sun between extreme ranges up to about 3 percent for the period covered. The variation is shown to be composed of 14 periodicities ranging from 8 months to 273 months. Each of these periods is reflected in terrestrial temperature and precipitation as recorded by official weather services. Another important event was the incorporation as a branch of the Observatory of the Smithson- ian Division of Radiation and Organisms, hitherto supported by private funds. Considerable confidential work for military purposes was done in the Observatory’s instrument shop under the care of REPORT OF THE. SECRETARY 1 the Director. Because of the discovery that the percentage varia- tions of the intensity of sun’s rays is 6 times as great for ultraviolet rays as for the total of all wave lengths, apparatus was prepared in the instrument shop for restricting the determinations of solar varia- tions to the spectral regions of the green, blue, violet, and ultraviolet rays. This apparatus has been installed at all three field stations. Also prepared in the instrument shop were three copies of a sky polarization device invented by the late Prof. E. C. Pickering. It is believed that the use of this device at the observing stations will obviate the unsatisfactory results brought about by certain types of sky conditions. Solar observations on all favorable days have been continued at the three present field. stations at. Table Mountain, Calif., Burro Mountain, N. Mex., and Montezuma, Chile. Division of Radiation and Organisms.—On July 1, 1941, the Divi- sion became a branch of the Astrophysical Observatory and received Congressional appropriation for the support of its researches. Mem- bers of its staff were given Civil Service status. The present research work of the Division comes under three headings: Photo- synthesis, plant growth and_ radiation, and development of apparatus and methods. Experiments were continued on the factors that influence the change in rates of respiration in plants, which led to speculation on the possibility of the existence of a carbon dioxide reservoir connected with the cell mechanism. There is evidence also that the humidity of the air plays an important role in this. gaseous exchange. The study of the relationship between light intensity and inhibition of growth of the oats mesocotyl was extended to higher intensities. Work is in progress on the isolation and separation of two pigments indicated to occur in dark-grown oat seedlings. Pre- vious work in the Division had shown that illumination increases the rate of carbon dioxide production by etiolated barley seedlings. Ap- paratus was assembled and preliminary experiments were begun to study the influence of radiation on the respiration of other. types of plants. (Since October 1942 the Division has done war work only.) THE ESTABLISHMENT The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was: without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.” THE BOARD OF REGENTS Changes in the Board of Regents during the fiscal year included the election at the Board meeting on January 16, 1942, of Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone as Chancellor of the Institution, to succeed former Chief Justice Charles E. Hughes, and the appointment by Joint Resolution of Congress approved August 21, 1941, of the Honorable Frederic C. Walcott, a citizen of Connecticut, to succeed the late R. Walton Moore. By Joint Resolution of Congress approved August 21, 1941, Frederic A. Delano,.of the city of Washington, D. C., was reappointed to succeed himself for the statutory term of 6 years. The roll of regents at the close of the fiscal year was as follows: Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor; Henry A.-Wallace, Vice President of the United States; members from the Senate—Charles L. McNary, Alben W. Barkley, Bennett Champ Clark;members from the House of Representatives— Clarence Cannon, William P. Cole, Jr., Foster Stearns; citizen members—Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; Roland S. Mor- ris, Pennsylvania; Harvey N. Davis, New Jersey; Arthur H. Comp- ton, Illinois; Vannevar Bush, Washington, D. C.; and Frederic C. Walcott, Connecticut. -Proceedings.—The annual meeting of the Board of Regents was held on January 16, 1942. The regents present were Chief Justice: Harlan F. Stone, Chancellor; Vice President Henry A. Wallace; Representatives Clarence Cannon, William P. Cole, Jr., and Foster Stearns; citizen regents Frederic A. Delano, Roland S. Morris, Harvey N. Davis, Vannevar Bush, and Frederic C. Walcott; and the Secretary, Dr. Charles G. Abbot. The Board received and accepted the Secretary’s annual report covering the year’s activities of the parent Institution and the sev- eral Government branches. The Board also received and accepted the report by Mr. Delano, of the executive committee, covering financial statistics of the Institution; and the annual report of the Smithsonian Art Commission. In his special report the Secretary outlined some of the more im- portant activities carried on by the Institution and the branches during the year. FINANCES A statement on finances will be found in the report of the exec- utive committee of the Board of Regents, page 106. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Gs MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST SMITHSONIAN RADIO PROGRAM The educational radio program known as “The World Is Yours,” sponsored jointly by the Smithsonian Institution, the United States Office of Education, and the National Broadcasting Co., was ter- minated with the broadcast of May 10, 1942, after nearly 6 years of successful operation. On the air every week almost without a break for more than 300 weeks, the series finally was brought to an end because of the urgent demand of war agencies for radio time. In explaining the necessity for closing the program, ‘Thomas D. Rishworth, director of public service programs, Eastern Division, National Broadcasting Co., wrote to the Institution: I regret that it was necessary to cancel “The World Is Yours” in view of its long and successful history as one of our oldest educational broadcasts * * #* The war emergency has brought upon radio many difficulties that were unforseen, not the least of which is the impossibility of expanding a strictly limited schedule to meet the needs of all agencies involved in the war effort * * * JT believe everyone will agree that through “The World Is Yours” you have made a unique contribution to the development of the educa- tional significance of radio in terms that were interesting to all types of listeners. “The World Is Yours,” a half-hour dramatized program, first went on the air on June 7, 1936, and almost every week since that time it has presented over a Nation-wide National Broadcasting Company net- work some phase of science, invention, history, andart. The series from the beginning struck a responsive chord in radio listeners throughout the country. Supplementary articles on the subjects discussed were offered to listeners, and many thousands of those who responded took occasion to express enthusiastic commendation of the program. It was made very evident that the American public is keenly inter- ested in science, history, and related fields if the subjects are brought alive by dramatization and if excessive technicality is avoided. Radio proved to be an ideal aid in achieving a principal goal of the Institution, namely, the diffusion of knowledge. For this rea- son it was with great regret that “The World Is Yours” was brought to an end as one of the sacrifices that have to be made when the country is at war. The subjects presented during the year up to the close of the series on May 10 were as follows:? 1941 MIN OMMASRE MET SO Mie. shi bee RAR Li Eo ye Ne A a July 5 BMUGeTS Oh AmericansAinenath sqecsies nis ees July 12 ikabe sO uae Dee) Alay logl mma 2 tes eel es PRL A iy Mea July 19 1 Because of National Broadcasting Co. commitments, no programs were given on November 16, 1941, and January 11, February 22, March 15, and April 12, 1942. 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 1941 Dust Storms oo 76s4 LAUSD SS IMME Ra AG pe EG July 26. Eber bert: W err) Sun ataeairy i sate BEE NAGE isla pag ates ene Ped sath Aug. 2 Our Nearest Neighbor in’Space/22-2. 22) es is Aug. 9 JOhnAW EI CSSO Me | ee are Sa REN AD STAGE SM aes a UR Aug. 16 Chemistry—and American Independence______________ Aug. 23. The Norsemen in Greenland_________________________ Aug. 30 Ei Xe) clapton aD Fey eine Mess ce NBL tS ee al ee a ia Sept. 7 Cave andz@hit Dwellense.* Wiaiese iT oe ie aaa iyi Sept. 14 Pompeii iavieswAtg atm ses ol) ec ea shee a eee pvane ee ak Sept. 21 EStoricalhyGemiseeua sn we Ce ON SiS ein MT ETE ks ‘Sept. 28 Industry Calls; oniehysics ss ¢einasie Unilin uisecesyeu nay ye Oct. 5 Samuel pola tens sc) Moa uhh: RANG n eu Au A ich a neal Cosi soa cia Ochi 2 Imsect. Alliessot Mig c i 20) Cec 60) 0 Mii aS ON ca Oet. -19 South) Sea lislanderssss see a kann, Won Cela mt ag ae ana Oct. 26 he, Stony, Of \Wiwea ts skye ote nat eR eran eae Nov. 2 mUnsuneeAmmenicanyHenoesuima 0a enters en ue Nov. 9 ATC LI CHER OTE RS =: ebay loys ls Nee ae nels FH Nov. 23 Hunting in Colonial Times_____.-________-_-___-___- Nov. 30 Ancient «Carthage tis. 4) x00 iy AMR CMa hal ier alee Deca Miracles, of..ModerncMedieine._.._2..2._-_-----_=+__ Dec. 14 AvGreat American, Geologist. 208 50) 2 ee Dec. 21 Wightuthat Meal siis.s ai iis ail hee) ec oie a eg oan Dec. 28 1942 Our Expanding. Knowledge) hun ai ani Soa a eens Jan. 4 Foreststand=the | Wari o08 0) UMR Wi ni0 ae eee Jan. 18 Stephen Decatur—Narval Hero_--____________________ Jan. 25 Zebulon) MontgomerysPike tii) sa ae Feb. 1 @hemicals)fromitheyAineont be ais Lele Sec ea Feb. 8 Whe Gasoline Hingine sae 0s Ce een CG ee a ee Feb. 15 MWe SNES Oxi ke SU er eae Er Rises BN Ala aoe ate erie Mar. 1 The Saga of the Comstock. Lode________-_-__________- Mar. 8 The Wight on:therArikarees2:2 4920 bee ae ae Mar. 22 Bigelow and the Carpet Industry______________-_____- Mar. 29 Balboa and the Discovery of the Pacific______________- AD Tem oo BAST tren leap peetes ere es a Ne peaNg UN ae RU LVL e Apr. 19 SF a ges a ree fe a ys a I ce a A Apr. 26 Bher Philippi es see No Me A CAE Li eS cine antl May 3 PRUSSIA i SA SE CCR Pore a aa May 10 WALTER RATHBONE BACON SCHOLARSHIP The Walter Rathbone Bacon scholarship of the Smithsonian In- stitution for 1941-1943 was awarded in July 1941 to Philip Hersh- kovitz, of the University of Michigan, for a-study of the distribution . of mammals in Colombia. On November 8, 1941, Mr. Hershkovitz departed from New York on the steamship Platano and arrived November 14 at Barranquilla, Colombia, where arrangements for field work were completed with the assistance of the Department of State through the Hon. Nelson R. Park, the American consul. After having obtained the necessary permits for travel and for the collecting of natural history specimens from the Governor of the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19 Department of Atlintico, Mr. Hershkovitz was invited by Mr. Crump, owner of a ranch at Sabana Larga, to set wp camp on his land. Collections were made in the northern portion of the Ciénaga de Guajaro near Arroya de Piedra and on Cerro de la Guayta from November 28 to December 18. Returning to Barranquilla, he ex- amined the Indian burial ground uncovered at the Soledad airport south of that city, and with the help of P. J. De Guerin, office engineer of Avionca, a subsidiary of the Pan-American Airways, excavated pottery and portions of human skeletons. After some delay, Mr. Hershkovitz departed on January 3, 1942, from Barranquilla for Caracolicito, arriving there January 4. On invitation from the director, Sr. José I. Martinez, Mr. Hershkovitz made collections in the tropical forests surrounding Colonia Agricola de Caracolicito from January 9 to March 16. From this region he moved camp to Pueblo Bello (Pueblo Viejo Sur) on the southern flank of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magda- lena, and worked there from April 19 to June 6. As a result of cen- turies of deforesting, overgrazing, and burning by the Indians, the general appearance of this region is now that of a savanna with small stands of second-growth timber in the valleys and small patches of virgin forest on the inaccessible parts of the hills. Consequently, collecting did not produce as good results as had been anticipated. About the middle of June, collecting was begun at El Salado, about halfway between Pueblo Bello and Valencia. ELEVENTH ARTHUR LECTURE The late James Arthur, of New York, in 1931 bequeathed to the Smithsonian Institution a sum of money, part of the income from. ~which* should be used for ‘an ‘annual lecture on the*sun. The eleventh Arthur lecture, under the title “The Sun and the Earth’s Magnetic Field,” was given by John A. Fleming, director, department of terrestrial magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington, in the auditorium of the National Museum on February 26, 1942. The lecture will be published in full in the next Smithsonian Report. The 10 previous Arthur Jectures have been as follows: 1. The Composition of the Sun, by Henry Norris Russell, professor of as- tronomy at Princeton University. January 27, 1982. 2. Gravitation in the Solar System, by Ernest William Brown, professor of mathematics at Yale University. January 25, 1933. 3. How the Sun Warms the Earth, by Charles G. Abbot, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. February 26, 1934. 4. The Sun’s Place among the Stars, by Walter S. Adams, director of the Mount Wilson Observatory. December 18, 1934. 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 5. Sun Rays and Plant Life, by Harl S. Johnston, assistant director of the Division of Radiation and Organisms, Smithsonian Institution. February 25, 1936. 6. Discoveries from Hclipse Expeditions, by Samuel Alfred Mitchell, director of the Leander McCormick Observatory, University of Virginia. February 9, 1987. %. The Sun and the Atmosphere, by Harlan True Stetson, research associate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. February 24, 1938. 8. Sun Worship, by Herbert J. Spinden, curator of American Indian Art and Primitive Cultures, Brooklyn Museums. February 21, 1939. 9. Solar Prominences in Motion, by Robert R. McMath, director of the McMath- _ Hulbert Observatory of the University of Michigan. January 16, 1940. 10. Biological Effects of Solar Radiation on Higher Animals and Man, by Brian O’Brien, professor of Physiological Optics, University of Rochester. February 25, 1941. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Explorations, often in out-of-the-way corners of the earth, have always formed a major part of the Institution’s program for the “increase and diffusion of knowledge.” Although world conditions during the past year have made it either impracticable or undesir- able to send out many of the expeditions that normally would have taken the field, nevertheless, even under the present unfavorable con- ditions it was found possible to carry on some field work in connec- tion with researches previously commenced. In astrophysics, the Institution’s field observers carried on their study of the intensity of solar radiation at the three Smithsonian observing stations on Mount Montezuma, Chile, Table Mountain, Calif., and Burro Mountain, N. Mex. Observations were made on every suitable day throughout the year, and the results were trans- mitted to Washington where they are used in investigations on the variability of solar radiation and on the relation between this varia- bility and the earth’s weather. 7 In geology, Dr. W. F. Foshag directed an expedition in coopera- tion with the United States Geological Survey with the purpose of studying certain strategic-mineral resources of Mexico. Dr. Charles EK. Resser continued his studies of Cambrian rocks from Montana into the Canadian Rockies, obtaining much new information and many desirable specimens pertaining to the ancient Cambrian period. Dr. G. Arthur Cooper made large collections of Carboniferous and Permian fossils in Texas and Oklahoma, including much material hitherto lacking in the National Museum collections. A third ex- pedition to the Bridger Badlands of southwestern Wyoming in search of extinct vertebrate animals was directed by Dr. C. Lewis Gazin; many interesting exhibition and study specimens were brought back to the Museum, including a 1,270-pound slab containing 12 or 13 fossil turtles. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21 In biology, Dr. E. A. Chapin visited the island of Jamaica to con- tinue his studies of the insect fauna with special reference to the termites. Large collections of the plants of Cuba were made by C. VY. Morton, who spent 2 months on the island in botanical field work accompanied by two Cuban Government botanists. In anthropology, Dr. T. D. Stewart visited Peru to make a scien- tific examination of the skeletal remains exposed in the numerous ancient cemeteries of that country; he also gathered information on the skeletal collections in Peruvian museums. As an extension of | Smithsonian cave explorations in the Big Bend region of Texas, Walter W. Taylor investigated caves in the region of Ciénegas, Co- ahuila, Mexico, some 20 caves being excavated in the course of the work. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., conducted archeological inves- tigations near the town of San Jon, eastern New Mexico, revealing four types of projectile points from four stratigraphic horizons, the oldest type in association with an extinct bison and with indications that it may be contemporaneous with the Folsom horizon, Dr. Wil- liam ‘N. Fenton recorded Iroquois songs in New York State and Canada in cooperation with the Division of Music in the Library of Congress. PUBLICATIONS The publications of the Institution and its branches, issued in several distinct series, constitute its chief means of accomplishing the “dif- fusion of knoweldge.” The Smithsonian Annual Report contains, in addition to the Secretary’s administrative report, a general ap- pendix made up of selected nontechnical articles which together constitute a survey of the current state of knowledge in many fields of scientific investigation. The series Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections provides an outlet for the results of researches by Smith- sonian scientists or collaborators of the Institution without restriction as to the field covered. The Bulletin and Proceedings of the National Museum record the investigations of members of its staff, as well as of outside scientists, based on the great collections of the Museum. The Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology deal with various phases of the study of the American Indians. Other series include the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, the title of which is self-explanatory, and Smithsonian War Background Studies, a new series intended to disseminate information on the peoples and areas involved in the present war. During the year, 100 publications were issued, 51 by the Institution proper, 44 by the National Museum, 4 by the Bureau of American Ethnology, and 1 by the Astrophysical Observatory. The titles, authors, and other details of these publications will be found in the 22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 report of the chief of the editorial division, appendix 11. The total number of publications distributed was 162,525. Outstanding among the year’s publications may be mentioned volume 6 of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, covering 20 years’ investigations of the solar radiation; a paper by the late Carl Whiting Bishop entitled “Origin of the Far Eastern Civiliza- tions: a Brief Handbook”; a paper by Frank C. Hibben on “Evi- dences of Karly Occupation in Sandia Cave, New Mexico * * *,” which throws more light on the earliest occupants of this continent ; a new edition of the “Handbook of the National Aircraft Collection,” by Paul E. Garber; and another volume in the’series ‘on life histories. of North American birds by Arthur Cleveland Bent, “Life Histories of North American Flycatchers, Larks, Swallows, and Their Allies.” The continued demand for the Smithsonian volumes of tables, in large part from war agencies, necessitated a reprinting of the Smith- sonian Meteorological Tables and the Smithsonian Physical Tables. LIBRARY In common with the scientific libraries of international scope, the Smithsonian library suffered severe disruption from the impact of the war. Publication of scientific books and periodicals declined abroad, and those that were issued were obtainable only with great difficulty if they could be obtained at all. After Pearl Harbor, of course, library exchanges ceased with nearly all countries except those-in the Western: Hemisphere. The brighter: sidevof the:-picture; however, is the service the library has been able to render to war agency officials, not only by providing access to published informa- tion, but also by putting inquirers in touch with members of the Institution’s staff having specialized knowledge and by arranging introductions to outside sources. Taking advantage of the decreased amount of time devoted to foreign exchanges, the library staff grasped the opportunity of recataloging older material that has long needed attention and of strengthening and extending domestic exchanges. As usual many gifts came to the library from associations and in- dividuals, noteworthy among them. being 724 publications from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 68 from the American Association of Museums, and a library of some 2,000 items on Copepoda assembled by the late Dr. Charles Branch Wilson and presented by his son, Carroll A. Wilson. The most important of the changes in the library personnel was the retirement on January 31, 1942, of William L. Corbin, librarian for more than 17 years, and the appointment to succeed him of Mrs. Leila F. Clark, who had been assistant librarian in charge of the National Museum library since 1929. The year’s statistics show 5,685 accessions, bringing the library’s REPORT OF THE..SECRETARY 23 total holdings to 867,200; 229 new exchanges arranged; 4,040 “wants” received; 4,775 volumes and pamphlets cataloged; 29,826 cards filed in catalogs and shelflists; 12,258 periodicals entered; 9,978 books and periodicals loaned; and 1,400 volumes sent to the bindery. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Appor, Secretary. APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con- dition and operation of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942: Appropriations for the maintenance and operation of the National Museum for the year totaled $830,978, which was $12,673 more than for the previous year. COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections of the Museum aggregated 1,388 sepa- rate. accessions, comprising 284,582.individual specimens, a decrease, compared with the previous year, of 130 accessions and 42,104 speci- mens. Distribution of these additions among the five departments was as follows: Anthropology, 3,000; biology, 245,200; geology, 32,- 418; engineering and industries, 2,415; and history, 1,549. These ac- quisitions were received principally as gifts from individuals, or as a result of expeditions sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution. All are listed in detail in the full report on the Museum, published as a separate document, but the more important are summarized below. The total number of catalog entries in all departments is now 17,- 578,240. Anthropology—The division of archeology received 68 Greek, Roman, and Egyptian specimens collected by Thomas Nelson Page; several examples of ancient Persian pottery and armor; about 700 artifacts excavated in Florida; more than 200 stone, bone, pottery, and shell specimens from the old Indian village site of Potawomeke, Stafford County, Va.; and 175 artifacts from southern California. In ethnology, blankets, jewelry, and wearing apparel, representing the culture of the Navaho of Arizona, the Zuii, the Tule Indians of the San Blas coast of Panama, the Indians of Guatemala, the Chocé Indians of Darién, and the Comanche Indians were of outstanding interest. The ethnological collections were also augmented by masks, food bowls, head rests, and cult objects from voodoo shrines in Haiti, and cutting and slashing weapons made by the Moro of Min- danao, P. I. Among the important. accessions to the collection of ceramics were a glazed Parian pitcher made about 1850 in Vermont; a Bilston snuffbox made in 1759; an interesting collection of 24 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25 eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European ware including pottery, porcelain, and glass; and examples of Sandwich glass dating to about 1840. Biology—The important mammalian accessions of the year in- cluded 30 Antarctic seals, representing 4 genera and including 3 skins and 3 skeletons of the rare Ross’s seal; 151 mammals from Mo- have County, Ariz.; 54 Manchurian mammals, one of which was new to science; a Tibetan fox skin (Cynalopex corsac), a genus hitherto unrepresented in the Museum, from Yunnan, China; and 35 bats collected in caves near Washington. Among the most important and valuable avian accessions of the year are 1,845 skins collected in Colombia by Dr. Alexander Wet- more and M. A. Carriker, Jr.; 447 birds from Brazil from the Rocke- feller Foundation; bird skins from Mexico, Manchuria, Paraguay, and Alaska. Skins representing forms new to the Museum collection included 5 from Venezuela, 1 from Chile, and 1 from Ecuador. The Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior trans- ferred 53 birds from various parts of the world and 3 sets of eggs of rare North American waterfowl. Of the skeletal material acquired, 63 skeletons were collected by members of the staff, and 90 were re- ceived from the National Zoological Park. An outstanding accession of the division of fishes consisted of 14,219 specimens from the area between Peru and Alaska, received by transfer from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Presi- dent Franklin D. Roosevelt presented a fine “mother of eels,” Macrozoarces americanus, caught off Novia Scotia on August 9, 1941. The type material of Hypsoblenniops rickettsi was included in a col- lection of 107 specimens of fishes from the Gulf of California. New material, received in exchange, included the following: Holotypes and paratypes of new species from Liberia and Cameroons; 29 para- types from Brazil, Yucatan, and Venezuela; a cotype of Hlanura forficata from Bering Sea; and one paratype each of Sebastodes owstont, Nectarges nepenthe, Machaerenchelys vanderbilti, and Spinoblennius spiniger. The division of insects received the collection of Hemiptera. built up by Waldo L. McAtee, of the Fish and Wildlife Service, consisting of approximately 25,000 specimens and containing much type ma- terial. Mr. McAtee also presented volumes and papers on entomo- logical subjects needed for the division’s sectional library. The col- lection of the late George P. Engelhardt and his entomological books were also acquired by the division—these in addition to the more than 5,000 specimens of Lepidoptera presented by Mr. Engelhardt before his death. The material collected by the curator, Dr. Edward A. Chapin, during an expedition in Jamaica, consisting of about 7,600 26. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 specimens, mostly termites, was accessioned during the year. A large collection, mostly beetles, was received as a gift from the Colombian Government. Among other large lots of insects received ‘was a*col- lection of 52,000 specimens taken by the United States Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, in connection with its activities. Accessions to the division of marine invertebrates included 17 species new to the collections, representing crayfish, crabs, stoma- topods, pycnogonids, ostracods, turbellarian and sipunculid worms, earthworms, rotifers, sponges, and barnacles. The division’s sec- tional library received as a bequest from Dr. Charles Branch Wilson a comprehensive library (approximately 2,500 books and pam- phlets) on copepods. Among the more important accessions received by the division of mollusks during the year was a collection made by Dr. Alexander Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr., in Colombia. This collection included several new species of mollusks. Two purchases were made through the Frances Lea Chamberlain fund, consisting of 203 lots of 848 specimens. Several large collections of mollusks were received, representing the fauna of Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica, and Hawaii, as well as various localities in the United States. Many smaller accessions included types of new species. «Ad- ditions to the helminthological collection also contained numerous types and cotypes. The Museum’s collection of corals was augmented by 447 specimens, and among the more important accessions of the division of echinoderms is the first specimen of the brittlestar Ophiocoma aethiops known from Peru. Among the more important accessions recorded by the division of plants (National Herbarium) was a lot of 2,169 specimens received in continuation of exchange from the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, - Bogota, Colombia. A cooperative project between this institution and the National Museum now in preparation, a descriptive Flora of Colombia, will include a report on the above-mentioned material. Geology—Among the 156 minerals added by purchase to the Roeb- ling collection was a large, deeply etched aquamarine from Agua Preta, Minas Geraes, Brazil, the finest single specimen acquired dur- ing the year. Other accessions included exceptional examples of copper minerals and lead carbonate, an unusual crystallized turquoise, a monazite crystal from Brazil, and a mass of the phosphate lithiophilite. Three acquisitions of exceptionally fine minerals were obtained by purchase from the collection of Dr. Otto Runge through the Canfield fund. The most outstanding additions to the gem col- lection came through a bequest of Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, among which a valuable 12-carat alexandrite, a string of pearls, and 14 necklaces of gem quality are worthy of special mention. The geo- logical collections were also augmented by several important speci- mens of meteorites and ores, among them a complete specimen of the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY . Pall Rose City, Mich., stony meteorite, weighing 2,690 grams, one of the largest acieieuske of jthat.fall,, piesented by Dr. Stuart H. Perry, and a 184-pound mass of cassiterite from Goodwin Gulch, Stewart Peninsula, Alaska, perhaps the largest single piece of this tin mineral ever found. Outstanding among the accessions by the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany are a lot of more than 1,500 type speci- mens of fossil invertebrates; 4 tons of limestone blocks containing beautifully preserved silicified fossils obtained by Dr. G. A. Cooper in the Permian formations of the Glass Mountains of Texas; and §,000 invertebrate fossils obtained by Dr. C. E. Resser from the Cam- brian and Devonian rocks of Montana, Utah, and the Canadian Rockies. Get ‘ eee ed i" a ge: Engineering and industries—Scale models of historic aircraft formed the largest group of important objects received by the division of engineering. Among these are models of 10 winners of the Thomp- son Trophy air races and a model of Sikorsky’s 4-motor biplane, Grand, of 1913, which is called the first successful 4-motor airplane. A timely nadition to the division’s extensive series of aircraft engines is an example of the Allison liquid-cooled internal combustion engine, type V-1710-C, which represents one of industry’s great contributions to the present war. Another very timely accession is a 14-ton, 4-wheel- drive reconnaissance and command automobile, or “jeep,” lent by the War Department. A transparent, plastic-body 1939 Pontiac automo- bile, received as a loan, fills the division’s need for a late-model car. Witl h the consent aie interested persons, the material contained in boxes deposited in the care of the Smithsonian Institution by Alex- ander Graham Bell in 1880 and 1881 was transferred to the division of engineering. Included are several photophone transmitters, selenium cell elements of receivers, an electrotype phonogram, and a grapho- phone equipped with a reproducing element designed to reproduce sound through the medium of a jet of air without mechanical contact with the record. The most valuable object added to the medical exhibit was the first Emerson iron lung, completed in 1931, and used for several years to produce artificial respiration. The most noteworthy accession in graphic arts was the gift of 183 Currier and Ives prints previously foaned to the division of graphic arts by Miss Adele S. Colgate. This accession was reported and de- scribed briefly in the report for 1941. With the cooperation of the Evening Star Newspaper Co. of Washington, the division’s exhibit showing the steps in the printing of a newspaper was entirely reno- vated by the substitution of 23 new specimens to replace those now obsolete. 628 ANNUAL REPGRT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 History.—The art material accessioned by the division of history in- cludes a water-color sketch, painted in 1918, by Georges Scott, emblem- atic of the cordial relations existing between France and the United “States. For the numismatic collection the Treasury Department for- warded a number of California gold tokens, coins, and examples of the bronze, nickel, and silver coins struck at the Denver, Philadelphia, and San Francisco mints in 1941. The philatelic material was increased by 1,301 specimens, which were transferred from the Post Office Depart- ment. Among these are stamps for countries now occupied by Ger- many, including German stamps overprinted “Luxemburg,” and stamps issued by Germany for Poland. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Explorations by members of the Museum staff have produced val- uable information and highly useful series of specimens in various fields. The work has been made possible mainly by funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution, and by interested friends. With the entry of the United States into the war in December, the pro- eram of field activities was definitely curtailed. The expeditions from that date were those already in the field, or those that were required because of commitments previously made. Though the scope of the work has been decidedly less than in normal years, valuable results have been obtained. Anthropology—Walter W. Taylor, Jr., honorary collaborator in anthropology, completed archeological explorations around Cuatro Ciénegas in Coahuila, northern Mexico, which he inaugurated during the previous fiscal year. He conducted excavations in Fat Burro Cave and in Nopal Shelter, in Canyon de Jora, about 21 miles west of Cuatro Ciénegas. He then moved camp to Sierra de San Vicente, 20 miles southeast of Ciénegas, where he excavated a large site called Frightful Cave, located in the only through canyon in the San Vi- cente range. In this cave, which measures about 200 feet long and tapers in width from 30 feet at the entrance to 3 feet at the rear, the deposits ranged in depth from 10 feet to 3 feet, and consisted of compact floors, over which were superimposed strata of fire-cracked stones, ash, and fiber. Noteworthy specimens recovered from Fat Burro Cave consist of an atlatl, or throwing-stick foreshaft, with an arrow attached by sinew; a series of split-twig loops, comparable to those from the Big Bend area in Texas; stone projectile points similar to those from caves along the Pecos River, Texas; and a few pieces of split-stitch basketry. From Frightful Cave he recovered twilled woven bags filled with buckeyes, grooved clubs, four dis- tinct types of fiber sandals, twined woven mats, and aprons. All the material collected was packed and transported to Mexico City REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 29 for inspection by the scientists of the Instituto Nacional de Anthro- pologia e Historia, where Mr. Taylor received every courtesy from the Director of the Institution, Sr. Lic. Alfonso Caso, and the Di- rector of the Department of Prehispanic Monuments, Sr. Ing. Ig- nacio Marquina. From the end of May to the middle of June 1942, Frank M. Setz- ler, head curator of the department of anthropology, was detailed to the National Park Service for the purpose of directing a rapid archeological reconnaissance within the canyons formed by the Yampa and Green Rivers in northwestern Colorado and eastern Utah, to locate and evaluate the prehistoric caves, shelters, and vil- lage sites within an area that may be inundated eventually, if pro- posed dams are built along these rivers. ‘The expedition traveled by boat through the various rapids within the canyon, and discovered and tested numerous sites. A detailed report covering the results of these investigations was prepared and submitted to the National Park Service before the close of the fiscal year. Biology—In March, M. A. Carriker, Jr., carrying on the work begun last year with Dr. Wetmore, continued the study and collec- tion of birds in northeastern Colombia. From Codazzi, in the De- partment of Magdalena, he traveled into the mountains to establish a base that gave access to the higher peaks along the Venezuelan border. These investigations were supplemented by collections from the lowland areas, which were of value in connection with materials obtaimed in March 1941 at Caracolicito, in the drainage of the Rio Ariguani. At the close of the fiscal year these studies, which were made possible by the W. L. Abbott fund ‘of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, were still in progress. Dr. Leonard P. Schultz, curator of fishes, was absent from Febru- ary 1 to May 28 in Venezuela in connection with the program of the Department of State for promoting cultural relations with other American countries. Dr. Schultz spent 2 weeks in Caracas, where he consulted with various scientific groups, and the remainder of his time in the Maracaibo Basin, studying the fish fauna of that region. His work there was made possible by the friendly cooperation of the Lago Petroleum Corporation at Maracaibo and Lagunillas. For § days Dr. Schultz collected in the valleys of the Rfo Motatan, Rio Chama, Rio Catatumbo, and Rfo Torbes, all in the Andes. He ob- tained about 10,000 fish specimens, including approximately 115 species, and other natural-history material. The fish collection is the most complete one that has been made in this region and will afford valuable new information in this field. Dr. EK. A. Chapin, curator of insects, worked for 6 weeks in Colombia, in connection with the above-mentioned program of the 4°9366-——-42-——_8 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 Department of State. For 5 weeks he was in the vicinity of Bogota, mainly at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales in the University Center. Through the courtesy of Dr. Armando Dugand, Director of the Instituto, Dr. Chapin’s researches were conducted with the close cooperation of Luis M. Murillo, chief entomologist of the Colombian Government, Francisco Otoya, assistant entomologist, and Hernando Osorno, preparator. Mr. Murillo conducted several field trips that permitted Dr. Chapin to become acquainted with some, of the major entomological problems of the country. These included investiga- tions in the citrus regions near Cacheté, Pacho, and Guateque, and two trips into the Paramo near Guasca. Study in the Bogota area was accompanied by a tour of other scientific agencies in Colombia. Dr. Chapin visited the agricultural institute at Medellin, where work on the collection of insects is under the direction of Dr. F. L. Gallego. The party, consisting of Messrs. Murillo, Otoya, and Cabal (an entomological student), and Dr. and Mrs. Chapin, then pro- ceeded to the Agricultural Experiment Station at Palmira. While they were in Cali Dr. Belisario Losada escorted the party on a col- lecting trip into the Cordillera. They then returned to Bogota for a final week of work at the Instituto, where special attention was given to the family Coccinellidae, which is of considerable economic importance in Colombia. Plans were formulated for further collab- oration between the Instituto and the United States National Museum, with a monographic account of the Coccinellidae of Colombia as the end in view. CORNER C. V. Morton, assistant curator of plants, spent October and November in Cuba, under the sponsorship of the National Museum and the Department of State, for the dual purpose of botanical field work and the furthering of cooperation with Cuban scientists. Mr. Morton was occupied part of the time in making partial catalogs of the ferns in various herbaria. In cooperation with the Cuban De- partment of Agriculture, and in association with Messrs. Acuna and Alonzo, of the Estacion Agrondémica at Santiago de Las Vegas, he also undertook field work in the mountainous part of Oriente, espe- cially on the Sierra Nipe, and the northern slopes of the Sierra Maestra. Later he made collections in the Trinidad Mountains of Las Villas, with the Harvard Botanical Garden at Soledad as a base, and, through the friendly interest of the Colegio de La Salle of Habana, in the Sierra de Los Organos in Pinar del Rio. These expeditions resulted in the collection of 6,000 specimens, represent- ing approximately 1,600 numbers. Dr. E. H. Walker, assistant curator of plants, was occupied for a week in June in the Piedmont and the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina and South Carolina, making botanical collections. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Bil Under Dr. Walker’s leadership, local field work has been carried on by members of the Conference on the District of Columbia Flora. Geology.—Field trips to the West for vertebrate and invertebrate paleontological collections were specially successful this year. Dr. C. E. Resser, curator of invertebrate paleontology spent part of the summer in Montana, and part in the Canadian Rockies. . Resser and his party collected excellent ma- terial. Later it was Dr. Resser’s privilege to follow the trail on the north side of the Kicking Horse River to Burgess Pass, made famous by Dr. C. D. Walcott, former Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- tion, by his discovery of the most remarkable fauna of these earliest geological periods yet found. Dr. G. Arthur Cooper, associate curator of vertebrate paleontology, collected fossils in Texas and Oklahoma. In Fort Worth he met Dr. N. D. Newell, and for 3 days, together with Dr. Ralph H. Kine, of the Kansas Geological Survey, they collected in north-central Texas, preceeding from there to Marathon, Tex., where they spent a month collecting Permian limestone blocks containing silicified fo:- sils. In late July Dr. Cooper met Mrs. J. H. Renfro and her daugh- ter at Fort Worth for investigations of the Pennsylvanian rocks of Jack County and the Cretaceous rocks around Fort Worth, where they obtained many interesting fossils. In August Dr. Cooper col- lected Devonian and Ordovician fossils at Ardmore, Okla., and then continued to Ada, Okla., where he was joined by Dr. C. Laticker, of the University of Oklahoma, who guided him to numerous localities where free Pennsylvanian fossils are obtainable. At Muskogee he made a fine collection of Mississippian fossils, and from there made a short trip into southern Kansas to collect Pennsylvanian fossils. This is the third season that Dr. Cooper has collected in these fields, and with the 4 tons of blocks containing silicified fossils collected in the Glass Mountains, and many thousand specimens of free Pennsylvanian 32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 ° fossils obtained this year in north-central Texas and Oklahoma, the Museum now has an important series of Permian and Pennsylvanian fossils. ; As the field expedition in vertebrate paleontology into the Upper Cretaceotis and Paleocene regions of Utah, under Dr. C. L. Gazin, associate curator, extended well into the present year, only brief men- tion was made of it in last year’s report. The party succeeded in ob- taining some unusually good material of the smaller mammals, the most outstanding being the lower jaws and fragmentary parts of the skeleton of the rare Stylinodon, and good specimens of the larger forms such as Hyrachyus and Paleosyops. Other interesting materials are a large slab of turtle remains, which will make an interesting exhibition piece, and a small collection of Paleocene mammals from the Alma forma- tion in western Wyoming. Starting early in June 1942, C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate paleontology, led a party to explore the Oligocene rocks of eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska, where good progress in the discovery of mammalian remains has already been reported. Mr. Gilmore had as assistant the experienced collector George H. Sternberg, and was ac- companied also by Alfonso Segura Paguaga, of the Museo Nacional, San José, Costa Rica. The account of operations will be carried in next year’s report. In continuation of former field work in Mexico, Dr. W. F. Foshag, curator of mineralogy and petrology, returned to that country in Feb- ruary, under a cooperative arrangement with the United Sates Ge- ological Survey and with the Board of Economic Warfare, to direct further strategic-mineral work. At the end of the fiscal year he was still in the field. From March 17 until May 15, 1942, Dr. R-mington Kellogg, curator of mammals, with Watson M. Perrygo, scientific aid, as assistant, was cngaged in excavating Rampart C.ve, in the lower cliff-forming mem- ber of the Middle Cambrian Peasley limestone, on the south side of the lower end of the Colorado River canyon, in the Boulder Dam National Recreational Area, Ariz. This was a cooperative project, undertaken by the Smithsonian Institution and the National Park Service. The latter agency detailed Edward T. Schenk, senior geological foreman, Samuel D, Hendricks, assistant engineer, Dr. Gordon C. Baldwin, archeologist, Ray Poyser, boat pilot, and seven men from the Boulder City Civilian Conservation Corps camp for intervals of varying length to assist in the work. The party obtained skeletal remains of ground sloths, mountain goats, pumas, marmots, skunks, and several species of birds, lzards, and snakes. Part of the cave was left undisturbed as a display for visitors, if it should seem desirable to develop it for that purpose at some time in the future. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY EBe MISCELLANEOUS Visitors.—Curtailment of travel because of the war had less effect than anticipated upon the number of visitors at the various Museum buildings. The total recorded during the year was 2,042,817, as against 2,505,817 for the previous year. The largest attendance for a single month was in August 1941, with 381,952 visitors, and the second largest. was in July 1941, with 329,927. The attendance in the four Smith- sonian and Museum buildings was as follows: Smithsonian Building, 379,630; Arts and Industries Building, 936,625; Natural History Building, 622,989; Aircraft Building (closed from July to November 6), 107,573. Publications and printing. —The sum of $34,750 was available during the fiscal year 1942 for the publication of the Annual Report, Bulletins, and Proceedings. Forty-four publications were issued—the Annual Report, 3 Bulletins, 1 part each of Bulletins £0, 82, and 161, 1 separate paper from volume 28 of the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, and 36 separate Proceedings papers. Titles and authors of these publications will be found in the report on publica- tions, appendix 11. Volumes and separates distributed during the year to libraries, in- stitutions, and individuals throughout, the world aggregated 82.545 copies. Special exhibits —¥ifteen special exhibits were held during the year under the auspices of various educational, scientific, recreational, and governmental groups. In addition the department of engineering and industries arranged 21 special displays—10 in graphic arts and 11 in photography. CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF In the department of anthropology, Dr. T. Dale Stewart suvecceded to the curatorship of physical anthropology on April 1, 1942, following the retirement of Dr. Ale’ Hrdli¢ka, and Dr. Marshall T. Newman was appointed associate curator on dune 22, 1942. In the department of biology, division of birds, Herbert G. Deig- han was advanced to associate curator on February 1, 1942, and S. Dillon Ripley, 2d, was appointed assistant curator on March 18, 1942. In the division of mammals, Dr. David H. Johnson was appointed associate curator on August 18, 1941. On February 1, 1942, Dr. Kebert H. Walker was reallocated to assistant curator, division of plants. In the department of geology, the division of physical and chemi- cal geology (systematic and applied) and the division of mineralogy and petrology were combined under the title of division of mineral- 34. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 — ogy and petrology, with Dr. William F. Foshag as curator and Kd- ward P. Henderson as associate curator. he division of stratigraphic paleontology became the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, with Dr. Charles E. Resser as curator and Dr. G. Arthur Cooper as associate curator. These changes were effective June 17, 1942. On March 1, 1942, the following members of the staff were ad- vanced to associate curator: In the department of anthropology, J. E. Weckler, Jr., and Waldo R. Wedel; in the department of bi- ology, Doris M. Cochran, R. E. Blackwelder, C. R. Shoemaker, and Harald A. Rehder; in the department of geology, C. Lewis Gazin; | in the department of engineering and industries, Paul E. Garber, William N. Watkins, and A. J. Olmsted. On the same date, B. O. Reberholt, of the division of mineralogy and petrology, was made senior scientific aid. On February 1, 1942, Mrs. Leila F. Clark was appointed lbrarian of the Smithsonian Institution, in the position made vacant through the retirement of William L. Corbin, and Elisabeth P. Hobbs was advanced to associate librarian on May 21, 1942. Honorary appointments were conferred on W. W. Taylor, Jr., as collaborator in the department of anthropology, July 1, 1941; on Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, as associate in anthropology, April 1, 1942; and on Dr. Henry Pittier, as associate in botany, September 25, 1941. The following employees were furloughed indefinitely for military service: Clyde E. Bauman, January 22, 1942; Stephen C. Stuntz, March 9, 1942; Shallie Youngblood, May 20, 1942; and Earl W. Cook, May 24, 1942. Employees who left the service through the operation of the re- tirement act were as follows: For age, Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka, curator, on March 31, 1942, with 38 years 11 months of service; Joseph P. Germuiller, guard, on December 8, 1941, with 23 years 3 months of service. Through optional retirement: Fred Kaske, scientific aid, with 39 years 11 months of service, on May 31, 1942, and Samuel P. Darby, guard, with 33 years 7 months of service, on May 31, 1942. Through disability retirement: William H. Smith, lieutenant of the guard, on December 31, 1942; Robert G. Tegeler, guard, on October 1, 1941; Thomas J. Shannon, guard, on November 14, 1941; and Arthur O. Wickert, under mechanic (electrician’s helper), on Jan- uary 31, 1942. The honorary appointments of W. L. McAtee, acting custodian, section of Hemiptera, and of W. W. Taylor, Jr., collaborator in anthropology, terminated on June 30, 1942. The Museum lost through death 3 active workers: Joseph R. Riley, associate curator, division of birds, on December 17, 1941; William t] REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35 H. Bray, preparator, department of anthropology, on December 18, 1941; Jacob C. Earnhart, guard, on February 10, 1942; and 5 honor- ary members of the staff who were long associated with its activities: Dr. Charles Branch Wilson, honorary collaborator in copepods, divi- sion of marine invertebrates, on August 18, 1941; Dr. Hugh M. Smith, associate in zoology, on September 28, 1941; Dr. Casey Albert Wood, collaborator, division of birds, on January 26, 1942; Dr. C. Hart Merriam, associate in zoology, on March 19, 1942; and Dr. Wilham Schaus, honorary assistant curator of insects, on June 20, 1942. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER Wetmore, Assistant Secretary. Dr. C. G. Axnpor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trus- tees of the National Gallery of Art, the fifth annual report of the Board covering its operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942. This report is being made pursuant to the provisions of the act of March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), as amended by the public resolu- tion of April 13, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th Cong.). ORGANIZATION AND STAFF - During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942, the Board was com- prised of the Chief Justice of the United States, Harlan F. Stone, who succeeded the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes as Chief Jus- tice and took office on July 3, 1941; the Secretary of State, Cordell Hull; the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. C. G. Abbot, ex officio; and five general trustees, David K. E. Bruce, Dunean Phil- lips, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Joseph E. Widener, and Samuel H. Kress. At its annual meeting held February 9, 1942, the Board reelected David K. E. Bruce, President, and Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice President of the Board, to serve the ensuing year. The executive officers continuing in office during the year were Donald D. Shepard, Secretary-Treasurer and General Counsel; David E. Finley, Direc- tor; Harry A. McBride, Administrator; John Walker, Chief Cura- tor; and Macgill James, Assistant Director. At the annual meeting the Board elected Chester Dale of New York as an honorary officer of the Gallery, giving him the title of Associate Vice President. At a meeting of the Board held December 29, 1941, the Board provided for the appointment of Otto R. Eggers and Daniel P. Higgins, con- stituting the firm of Eggers & Higgins of New York, as consultant architects for the National Gallery of Art. During the year, George T. Heckert was appointed Assistant Administrator, such appoint- ment being made possible because of the reclassification of his office by the Civil Service Commission. Also at the annual meeting the Board, pursuant to its bylaws, con- stituted its three standing committees as follows: 36 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chief Justice of the United States, Harlan F. Stone, chairman. David K. EK. Bruce, vice chairman. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. C. G. Abbot. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Dunean Phillips. FINANCE COMMITTEE Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., chairman. David K. HE. Bruce, vice chairman. : Secretary of State, Cordell Hull. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Samuel H. Kress. ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE David K. E. Bruce, chairman. Ferdinand Lammot Belin, vice chairman. Dunean Phillips. Joseph EH. Widener. f David BE. Finley, ex officio. All positions with the Gallery, with the exception of the executive and honorary officers, are filled from the registers of the United States Civil Service Commission or with its approval. By June 30, 1942, the permanent Civil Service staff numbered 234 employees. Since the opening of hostilities, 12 members of the staff had joined the armed forces. APPROPRIATIONS For salaries and expenses, for the upkeep and operation of the National Gallery of Art, the protection and care of the works of art acquired by the Board, and all administrative expenses incident thereto, as authorized by the act of March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), as amended by the public resolution of April 13, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th Cong.), the Congress appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, the sum of $533,300, to cover the first. full year of operation. From this appropriation the following expenditures and encumbrances were made: EXPENDITURES AND ENCUMBRANCES IRETSOM ae SCTiva COS eae ie uD UNS ict La tare s) 2a Air a $353, 583. 22 J] reriranteala aie een) ols a6 yas ae Te 6, 880. 70 Supplies and equipment, ete.--______-_-_-_--___-______ 133, 087.18 HEWES CTV CP et ea Paice ENB SE Ae eV 36, 080. 00 linencumberedsbalan celza a Ss eae 3, 668. 90 IQ DY re] Si ge a BREST EDS ag Se 533, 300. 00 ATTENDANCE The total attendance for the first year during which the National Gallery was open was 2,005,828, a daily average of over 5,500 visitors. / 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 A unique record for museum attendance was established on July 7, 1941, when the one millionth visitor entered the Gallery, less than 4 months after its dedication. The Gallery is open to the public each week day of the year between the hours of 10 a. m. and 5 p. m., except for Christmas and New Year’s Day, and on Sundays from 2 until 4) 104 100, ; . On June 7, 1942, the Gallery inaugurated an experimental series of Sunday evening openings, primarily for the benefit of men in the armed forces and war workers in the city.. The exhibition galleries were open from 2 to 10 p. m., and orchestral concerts during the summer months were given, through the generosity of Chester Dale, from 7:15 to closing time. Special lectures with color slides were given by the Gallery staff at 7:30 and 8:30 in the lecture hall, and the cafeteria in the Gallery building was open from 4 to 8. Each Sunday evening from 50 to 75 service men were invited by members of the staff and by friends of the Gallery to supper in the cafeteria. On Sundays the attendance frequently exceeded 8,000; and, in view of the popularity of the Sunday evening openings, it was decided to continue the arrangement indefinitely. Through the generosity of Mrs. Matthew John Whittall, the Gal- lery presented in the lecture hall on the ground floor, a concert by the Budapest String Quartet on Sunday afternoon, May 31, 1942. This concert had been planned for men in the Service and their friends, the program lasting approximately 1 hour. PUBLICATIONS In the information rooms in the Gallery building, a general in- formation booklet is given without charge to visitors on request. It contains a short survey of the collections and information which has been found to be of great assistance to visitors to the Gallery. Also available, are catalogs of the paintings and sculpture, a complete book of illustrations of all the works of art in the Gallery’s collection, color reproductions, and postcards in color and black and white, all made available through the Publications Fund. These publications are on sale at moderate cost. AIR-RAID PROTECTION Immediately following the outbreak of hostilities on December 7, 1941, the National Gallery building was blacked out nightly. The staff was organized into five air-raid services: Fire, police (includ- ing morale), health (first aid), maintenance, and evacuation. Drills were started and repeated frequently in order that the units might operate smoothly in the event of an actual air raid. Drills that were held in coordination with the District of Columbia authorities, when REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 39 visitors were in the building, evidenced the measure of efficiency which had been reached by the pr otective organization in the Gallery. Purchases of air-raid protection equipment were also made as promptly as possible and to the extent permitted by the great de- mand for such equipment. REMOVAL OF WORKS OF ART TO A PLACE OF SAFEKEEPING At a special meeting held December 29, 1941, the Board approved the recommendations of the executive officers of the Gallery that a limited number of the most fragile and irreplaceable works of art in the national collection be removed to a place of greater safety, in view of the responsibility which rests with the Trustees for safe- guarding the collection. Early in January, therefore, the paintings and sculpture to be evacuated were removed from exhibition and shipped under guard to the place of safety which had been deter- mined upon and adapted for the purpose. All of the works of art arrived in excellent condition. While thus in storage, they are under constant guard by members of the National Gallery guard force and under supervision and inspection by a member of the curatorial staff of the Gallery. Beyond this partial evacuation, however, it was the expressed be- hef of the Trustees that the Gallen, has a duty to the public (asa unit of the Government establishment), and an obligation as a source of recreation and educatien to continue its activities, and even in- crease them, as far as practicable, in wartime. ACQUISITIONS GIFTS OF PRINTS On February 9, 1942; the Board of Trustees accepted from Philip Hofer a woodcut, “Saint Sebastian,” by Hans Baldung (Grien), to be added to his earlier gift of prints which was included in last year’s Annual Report; and again on April 27, 1942, the Board ac- cepted a gift of 58 prints Soman Miss Elisabeth Achelis. GIFTS OF PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURE On September 8, 1941, the Board of Trustees accepted from Mr. end Mrs. Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen the gift of two paintings by Goya Portrait of Dona Bartolome Sureda Portrait of Dona Teresa Sureda both given in memory of Mrs. Frelinghuysen’s mother and father, Mr. and Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer. These paintings are now on exhibition. 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 On February 9, 1942, the Board of Trustees accepted from Dun- can Phillips, a Trustee of the Gallery, the gift of a portrait of former Chief Justice Hughes, first Chairman of the Board, painted by Augustus Vincent Tack, which has been hung in the Board Room. On February 9, 1942, the Board accepted from Mrs. Ralph Har- man Booth, the gift of the following pieces of sculpture, given in memory of her husband: Greek (fourth century B. ©.) ~~ Head cf a Youth. Middle Rhenishe Sch ols sae ee ea a yee ee Pieta. INO EMU ae OE MaRS SVE aVGXO Maes Es a se ye Painted alabaster, Christ supported by an Angel. On April 27, 1942, the Board of Trustees accepted from Mr. and Mrs. George W. Davison the gift of a portrait of George Washing- ton by Rembrandt Peale. Also, on April 27, 1942, the Board accepted from Mrs. Gordon Dexter the gift of two paintings by John Singleton Copley: Red Cross Knight Portrait of Sir Robert Graham The paintings have been received and are now on exhibition. On April 27, 1942, the Board accepted from Mrs. John W. Simpson the gift of a group of paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Included in the gift are two paintings, one entitled “Soap Bubbles,” by Jean- Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, and the other, “The Binning Children,” by Sir Henry Raeburn, the latter presented in memory of the late - John Woodruff Simpson. The 11 drawings and 13 pieces of sculpture by Auguste Rodin constitute a unique collection acquired by the donor some 40 years ago directly from the artist. The Clodion terra- cotta plaque also served as a model for the decoration of one of the monumental urns by Clodion now in the Gallery. SALE OR EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF AKT During the year no works of art belonging to the Gallery were sold or exchanged. LOAN OF WORKS OF ART TO THE GALLERY During the year the following works of art were received on loan: From Copley Amory of Washington, D. C.: Artist Subject John Singleton Copley2_____-___-________ The Copley Family Doss Ln pag ea leg _ Self-portrait Do_ Nid UY laches a a I al AD rl eau el ae Portrait of Elisabeth Copley Henry William Pickersgill_______________. Portrait of John Singleton Copley, Jr. John Singleton Copley_---- 7 ee Red crayon drawing of a hand REPORT OF THE SECRETARY | From Chester Dale, of New York, 126 important paintings of the French nineteenth-century school and other schools of painting, to- gether with 31 French drawings. Through the French Government from museums and private col- lectors in Europe, 154 paintings of the French school of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In addition, this loan has been supplemented by 101 French drawings which have not yet been placed on exhibition. From the heirs of the late Right Reverend William Lawrence a por- trait of their ancestor, Amos Lawrence, by Chester Harding. From the J..H. Whittemore Co.. of Naugatuck, Conn., 24 French and American paintings from the Harris Whittemore collection. The following paintings from the collection have been placed on exhi- bition : Artist Subject EDK Po ed Keyes Sa ee RES gg TS neu Pe RU The Rehearsal INTIS TIST EOE GTO Uae DS LI SSSA le Nude in Landscape 1B) ae ees a RITA I AAO ARS Bop ADU eae DIS UM Girl with a Cat Nero UNI CINE NV DIS tIG rink Oe tea Be ass sie ei EEA The White Girl He) se ck ea wi el eh i ek 2 eae FOR Seal JHB) (yee PAI ER Nl aS L’Andalusienne LOAN OF WORKS OF ART RETURNED During the year the following works of art which had been placed on loan at the Gallery were returned: To Duncan Phillips, a Trustee of the Gallery, two paintings previ- ously loaned by him: Artist Subject Canmililey Cone tec ep e iees Bs The Dairy Farm GusvaveiCourbet== 2) [ee ie eae Rocks at Ornans, Afterglow LOAN OF WORKS CF ART PY THE GALLERY During the year no works of art, belonging to the Gallery, were placed on loan. EXHIBITIONS The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery during the last year: An exhibition, entitled “The Great Fire of London, 1940,” of 107 paintings and drawings of wartime London by artists serving in the London Auxiliary Fire Service, was shown in the Gallery from July 18 through August 10, 1941. Sponsored by the British Govern- ment under the auspices of the British Library of Information, this -exhibition—selected by Sir Kenneth Clark, Director of the National Gallery, London; Sir Walter W. Russell, R. A., Keeper of the Royal Academy; and J. B. Mason, former Curator of the Tate Gallery, 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 London—after the completion of its first showing in the United States at the National Gallery, toured the United States and Canada. | Seventy paintings and drawings, and sculpture, representing the art of Australia from 1785 to 1941, were placed on exhibition at the Gallery from October 2 to 26, 1941. These works’ of ‘art, the first comprehensive exhibition of ecmalian art to be shown in the United States, were sent, under the auspices of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, by the Commonwealth of Australia. Architectural drawings of the National Gallery building, to- gether with progress photographs and a model of the exterior of the building, showing the development of the building from the first sketch to the final drawings, were loaned by Eggers & Higgins, the architects, for exhibition at the Gallery from December 18, 1941, to January 28, 1942. The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charlie Trust, to augment the exhibition, loaned a number of renderings and photographs of the progress of the building from their own records. Two groups of American water colors, drawings and prints— “American Artists’ Record of War and Defense” and “Soldiers of Production”—were shown at the National Gallery; the former from February 7 to March 8, 1941, and the latter from March 17 to April 15, 1942. The water colors in the first group had been submitted in national competition for pictures recording war and defense activ- ities, conducted by the Section of Fine Arts for the Office for Emergency Management, and most of them were purchased by the United S'ates Government after selection by the appointed jury. Those in the second group were water colors and drawings by eight artists appointed on recommendation of the Section of Fine Arts by the Office for Emergency Management and who, through the courtesy of the War and Navy Departments, were permitted to make drawings and paintings of what is known as restricted material. The Citizens Committee for the Army and Navy, Inc., exhibited at the Gallery for a period of approximately 2° weeks, beginning April 8, 1942, three triptychs by contemporary artists, which had been selected by the Committee for later presentation to the Chapel at Arlington Cemetery, Va. An exhibition of paintings, posters, water colors, and prints, show- ing activities of the American Red Cross, were exhibited from May 2 to 30, 1942. These paintings were submitted in a national competi- tion fone cted for the American Red Cross by the Section of Fine Aris, Public Buildings Administration, Federal Works Agency. The on nbior included the paintings asco were purchased for the Red Cross on advice of a jury, tozether with a group of other pictures also recommended by hes jury for exhibition. An exhibition of 11 portrait busts of the Presidents of the Repub- lies of South’ America, by the American sculptor, Jo Davidson, was REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ; 43 held in the west garden court at the National Gallery of Art, begin- ning Saturday afternoon, June 27, and. continuing for about, a month. These busts were commissioned by the Office of the Co- ordinator of Inter-American Affairs and will be presented to the Governments of the South American Republics by the Department of State of the United States of America. Portrait busts in bronze, also by Jo Davidson, of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace, were shown at this time. CURATORIAL DEPARTMENT The curatorial work for the year consisted in the rearrangement of the permanent collection necessitated by additional gifts and by various precautions that were required by the outbreak of the war; in the installation of 17 temporary exhibitions; in various lectures on the collection and related fields in conjunction with the work. of the educational department; and in further cataloging of the paint- ings and sculpture. During the year the preliminary Catalog of the Permanent Collection and the Book of Illustrations were brought up to date and reprinted; two catalogs containing a historical sur- vey, notes, and bibliography of the French paintings loaned from the Chester Dale collection were compiled, and a new general in- formation pamphlet was prepared. In the course of the year, 209 works of art were submitted to the acquisitions committee with written recommendations regarding their acceptability for the collection of the National Gallery of Art; 40 private collections were visited in Washington and other cities in connection with offers to the Gallery of gifts or loans; 152 works of art were brought to the Gallery and submitted to the staff for expert opinion; and 44 letters were written in answer to inquiries involving research in the history of art. RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF WORKS OF ART During the year, as authorized by the Board and with the approval of the Director and Chief Curator, Stephen Pichetto, consultant re- storer to the Gallery, has undertaken such restoration and repair of paintings and sculpture in the collection as has been found to be necessary. All of this work was carried on in the restorer’s rooms in the Gallery except in three cases, once when unusually delicate and complicated restoration was required, and twice when the pic- tures had to be relined to prevent damage in shipment from New York. These three paintings were restored in Mr. Pichetto’s studios in New York. 44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM As indicated in the following summary, public response to the program of educational activities of the Gallery has constantly in- creased month by month until the total attendance recorded for June, 1942 (6,384), more than doubled that recorded for July, 1941 (2,882). A basic part of the Gallery’s educational program has been the gallery tours of the collection, conducted twice daily, except on Saturday and Sunday, which have attracted 18,935 visitors. In ad- dition to these tours there has been a series of special lectures: a special program of 34 lectures, beginning in October and contin- uing through April, presented a special lecture each Saturday after- neon in the lecture hall, which 7,292 persons attended, and the in- timate “gallery talks” and other lectures presented in the auditorium, dealing with a specific pcHoo| or works of art, attracted a combined total of 17,752. The educational department feeling the need for a short noontime feature, in view of the increased number of visitors from nearby Government buildings during this time, inaugurated on January 2, 1942, the “Picture of the Week,” a 15-minute talk given twice each day and once on Sunday, which in turn attracted 7,947 people, in- dicating that this educational feature of the program was one of the most popular. In addition, members of the educational department staff have conducted private and group conferences, totaling 3,065 individuals, of which 700 were members of the armed forces for whom special tours were arranged on Saturday afternoon, beginning in December 1941. LIBRARY A total of 242 books and 1,087 pamphlets and periodicals were presented to the Gallery; 962 books and catalogs were acquired through exchange; 37 books and catalogs were purchased; and 20 books were neceived on indefinite loan, PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT Prints totaling 6,094, 1,187 black and white slides, and 709 color slides have been made by the photographic laboratory. The prints have been placed on file in the Library where they are for sale and for the use of the Gallery staff. The slides, together with an addi- tional 420 which were purchased during the year, have been made available for the staff in connection with the public lectures given at the Gallery, and have likewise been lent to lecturers outside the National Gallery and to other galleries. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45 THE GALLERY BUILDING During the fiscal year, certain alterations and improvements have been made in the building upon the recommendation of the com- mittee on the building, among which may be mentioned the construc- tion of snow steps for the Mall entrance, the redecoration of gallery rooms for the exhibition of the Chester Dale collection, and addi- ional air conditioning in the smoking room and the information rooms on the main and ground floors. The National Gallery Cafeteria has become so popular ‘that it is somewhat congested during certain hours of the day. It became evident that some acoustical treatment of the ceiling should be undertaken; and this work, resulting in great improvement in the noise condition in the cafeteria, was com- pleted with funds supplied by The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. It was also recommended that a revolving door be installed to replace one of the heavy bronze doors at the Constitu- tion Avenue entrance. Although funds were made available it was not possible to proceed with this improvement because the materials required were restricted by priority rulings. OTHER GIFTS During the year there were gifts to the Gallery of furnishings, equipment, ornamental trees and plants, prints, films, and color slides; also certain expenses were paid by others on behalf of the Gallery, the donors being David K. E. Bruce, Frederick T. Bon- ham, William R. Coe, David E. Finley, Samuel H. Kress, Donald D. Shepard, Percy S. Strauss, Mr. and Mrs. J. L. McGrew, Mrs. Matthew John Whittall, Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, Propagating Gardens of the Department of the Interior, American Red Cross, and The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. Gifts of moneys were made to the Gallery during the year by Paul Mellon, Chester Dale, Howard J. Heinz, Jr., and The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. AUDIT CF PRIVATE. FUNDS OF THE GALLERY An audit has been made of the private funds of the Gallery for the year ended June 30, 1942, by Price, Waterhouse & Co., a nation- ally known firm of public ceca ante and the eect of that company on its examination of the accounting records maintained for such funds has been submitted to the Gallery. Respectfully submitted. Davi K. E. Bruce, President. Dr. C. G. ABsor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 489366—42——-4 APPENDIX 3. REPORT ON THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- tivities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942: After Pearl Harbor plans were made for the protection of the works of art in the National Collection of Fine Arts. The center portion of the wall behind the large painting “Diana of the Tides,” by John Elhott, was strengthened sufficiently to resist bomb frag- ments. Protection against damage from incendiary bombs has been provided, but means have not yet been devised to prevent such bombs from reaching the ground floors where the exhibits are shown. Plans fer packing and shipping paintings for evacuation have: been made, and the miniatures and part of the Gellatly collection are to be moved to the ground-floor lobby, where they would be protected against incendiary bombs. Several proffered gifts of paintings, furniture, miniatures, and vases have been deposited here to be passed upon by the Smithsonian Art Commission in December 1942. Eight special exhibitions were held in the foyer, including three under the sponsorship of the Pan American Union and the Ministers of the various countries, involving the installation of 428 specimens. Nine special Graphic Arts exhibits were shown in the lobby. From July 10 to 27, 1941, the Acting Director visited galleries and private collections between Washington and Boston for the purpose of studying various collections of American miniatures. An illustrated lecture on the National Collection of Fine Arts was given by the Acting Director before the Chevy Chase Women’s Club on November 11, 1941. A painting, “The First Reading of the Emancipation. Procla- mation,” by Francis B.. Carpenter, 9 feet x 14 feet 6 inches, was cleaned and restored at the United States Capitol. A VPROPRIATIONS For the administrat’on of the National Collection of Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution, including compensation of necessary 46 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY a 47 employees, purchase of books of reference and periodicals, traveling expenses, uniforms for guards, and necessary incidental expenses, $29,880.14 was appropriated, of which over $18,000 was expended for the care and maintenance of the Freer Gallery of Art, a unit of the National Collection of Fine Arts. The balance was spent for the care and upkeep of the National Collection of Fine Arts, nearly | all of this sum being required for the payment of salaries, traveling expenses, purcliase of books and periodicals, and necessary disburse- ments for the care of the collection. THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION The twenty-first annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Com- mission was held on December 2, 1941. The members met at 10:30 a.m. in the Natural History Building, where, as the advisory committee on the acceptance of works of art which had been submitted during the year, they accepted the following: Oil painting, “Portrait of My Wife,” by Louis Betts, N. A. Gift of Mrs. Louis Betts (Zara Symons Betts). Oil painting, ‘Stable Interior, Horses and Groom,” by John F. Herring (1795- 1865). Gift of John E. Lodge. Oil painting, “Portrait of Lieut. Gen. Henry Clark Corbin (1842-1909),” by Adolph Muller-Ury (i868— ). Gift of Mrs.,Henry Clark Corbin. Oil painting, “The Other Shore,” by Robert Spencer, N. A. (1879-19381), as- signed to the Newark Museum Association, Newark, N. J., on February 2, 1925, by the Council of the National Academy of Design, which was withdrawn end claimed in accordance with the provision in the Ranger Bequest. Three miniatures, water color on ivory, “Portrait of A. S. N.,” by Jean Fran- ecois de la Valle (fl. 1785-1815) ; “Portrait of Mrs. Elves,” attributed to Hone, and “Portrait of Ira Allen (1751-1814),” copy of a miniature in the University of Vermont, by an unknown artist. Gift ef Mrs. Norvin H. Green. Miniature, water color on ivory, “Portrait of Mrs. Bertha HE. Jaques (1863~- J .),” by Nelly McKenzie Tolman. Bequest of Mrs. Bertha E. Jaques. Minjature, water color on paper, “Portrait of Rubens Peale (1784-1864) ,” by Raphael Feale (1774-1825), unframed. Gift of Dr. Edwin Kirk. Thirty-six prints by 26 members of the Chicago Society of Etchers, to be added to the Chicago Society of Etchers collection. Gift of the Chicago Society of Etchers. Drypoint, “For All the World,” by R. H. Palensky (1884- _), to be added to the Chicago Society of Ktchers collection. Gift of the artist. One japanese Shippo vase and stand. Gift of Dr. and Mrs. H. Foster Bain. The members then proceeded to the regents’ room in the Smith- sonian Building for the further proceedings, the meeting being calle to order by the chairman, Mr. Borie. ‘The members: present were: Charles L. Borie, Jr., chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman; Dr. Charles G. Abbott (ex officio), secrecary; and Heibert Adams, Gifford Beal, David E. Finley, James E. Fraser, John E. Lodge, Paul Manship, Edward W. Redfield, and 48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 Mahonri M. Young. Ruel P. Tolman, curator of the division of graphic arts in the United States National Museum and acting direc- tor of the National Collection of Fine Arts, was also present. Three persons were nominated to succeed the late Col. George B. McClellan, and the secretary was directed to correspond with them in _the order they were nominated to ascertain their willingness to serve as a member of the Commission. The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents the re- election of Mahonri M. Young, Charles L. Borie, Jr., Frederick P.. Keppel, and the nominee selected to fill Colonel McClellan’s place. The following officers were reelected for the ensuing year: Charles. L. Borie, Jr., chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, secretary. The following were reelected members of the executive committee for the ensuing year: Herbert Adams, Gilmore D. Clark, John E. Lodge, Charles L. Borie, Jr. (ex officio), and Dr. Charles G. Abbot iex officio). The chairman brought to the attention of the Commission the matter of the proposed prohibition of the use of sculptural bronze for castings and, after discussion, resolutions were approved to be sont to the Office of Production Management. THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND ‘three miniatures, water color on ivory, were acquired from the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, as follows: 25. “Portrait of G. D.,” by an unknown artist; from Sherman Reilley, New Haven, Conn. 26. “Portrait of a Man,” by an unknown artist; from Sherman Reilley, New Haven, Conn. 27. “Mr. Nichol,’ by John Wesley Jarvis (1780-1840), signed “Jarvis 1809: N York”; from Mrs. Dora Lee Curtis, New York City. LOANS ACCEPTED Two miniatures, water color on ivory, “Roswell Shurtleff (1773- 1861)” and “Anna Pope Shurtleff (1812-1881),” daughter of Roswell Shurtleff, by unknown artists, were lent by Mrs. O. A. Mechhn,, through es Leila Mechhin. One miniature, water color on ivory, “Captain Frederick Aupasns Smith, U. S. A. (1812-?),” by Caroline Dorcas (Smith) Murdoch, was lent by Miss Leila Mechlin. . One miniature, water color on ivory, “Portrait of a Boy,” by Joseph Wood (ab. 1780-1830), was lent by Miss Sarah Lee. An oil painting, “The Right Honorable Winston Churchill,” by Hal Denton, presented to the President of the United States by the { REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49 } Mayor and the Council of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was lent by the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS An oil painting, “The Visit of the Mistress,” by Winslow Homer, was lent to the Howard University Gallery of Art to be included in an exhibition of “Paintings Showing Negroes in America” from March 2 through April 12, 1942. (Returned April 17, 1942.) WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS An oil painting, “Portrait of Mr. Justice Brandeis,’ by Joseph Tepper, was withdrawn on the order of Paul A. Freund and re- turned to Joseph Tepper, the owner, on November 3, 1941. An oil painting, “Portrait of Lady Evelyn Cook,” by John Hopp- ner, R. A., was withdrawn by Thomas Davis Lee, administrator of, the estate of Mrs. Arthur Lee, on February 13, 1942. Three oil paintings, “Portrait of a Boy,” by John Hoppner, R. A.; “Portrait of a Girl,” by John Opie, R. A.; and “Study of Ruins,” by Richard Wilson, R. A., were withdrawn from the collection lent by the estate of Henry Cleveland Perkins by the owner, Miss Ruth Perkins, on March 12, 1942. Two miniatures, water color on ivory, “Virginia Casterton” and “Mme. Tamakai Miura,” by Eda Nemoede Casterton, were withdrawn by the owner, Mrs. Casterton, on May 26, 1942. LOANS RETURNED Three pieces of sculpture by Edward Kemeys, “Fighting Panther and Deer” (bronze), “Bronze Wolf” (No. 3), and “Bronze Wolt” (No. 4), lent with the consent of their owner, Wiliam Kemeys; “Grizzly Bear” (plaster No. 28), the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and a blue Sevres vase (Pell Collection No. 371), with a wooden base, lent to the .Procurement Division of the United States Treasury on May 2, 1935, to be placed in the Reception Room, Union Station, were returned December 18, 1941. THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS REFERENCE LIBRARY Because of the transfer of the librarian, Mrs. Lucile T. Barrett, to Mobile, Ala., in February 1942 there is no report of details available, as a new librarian has not been appointed. OU ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 | (3 SPECIAL BES MIONS: ud “The followi ing exhibitions were held: oer August 1 through September 30, 1941.—Exhibition of 92 miniatures lent by Count and Countess Bonaan de Castellane, of Washington, Die: December 5 Hirbalg hk 31, 1941.—Exhibition of 23 oils and 20 water colors by Roy M. Mason, N. A., of Woodchuck Hollow, Batavia, N. Y. January 7 through 31, 1942—Exhibition of 26 oils and 38 prints and drawings, by Antonio Rodriguez Luna, of Mexico, sponsored by the Mexican Ambassador and the Pan American Union. January 15 through March 1, 1942.—Exhibition of 54 pieces of jade lent by Georges BEDS of Newark, N. J. February 8 through 2 7 19/2 Be aition of 20 paintings on metal and 4 prints by Buell Mullen of Lake Forest, Il. April 5 through 28, 1942.—Exhibition of 80 oils, 86 water colors and 5 prints, by members of the Landscape Club of Washington, D. C. May 12 through 28, 1942—Exhibition of 15 plaster busts by Marina Nunez del Prado of Bolivia, sponsored by the Bolivian Minister and the Pan American Union. June 1 through 28, 1942—Exhibition of 17 oil paintings and 37 pencil drawings, lithographs, and water colors, by Ignacio Aguirre, of Mexico, sponsored by the Mexican Ambassador and the Pan mee ican Union. PUBLICATIONS ToLMAN, R. P. Report cn the National Collection of Fine Arts for the year ended June 30, 1941. Appendix 8, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1941, pp. 45-50. Lopsg, J. EH. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1941. Appendix 4, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1941, pp. 51-55 Respectfully submitted. R. P. Totman, Acting Director. Dr. C. G. Axzgor, ; Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 4 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY-OF ART Str: I have the honor to submit the twenty-second annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1942. THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows: BRASS 42.8. Persian, Gated 1127 (A. D. 1715). Made by ‘Abd-al-A‘immah. Astro- labe. A northern instrument fitted with a ring and handie for suspension, a rete or ‘ankabit, three sexpartite tablets, an alidade equipped with sights, a pin and a bolt. Inscriptions, including signa- ture, in naskhi script. Diameter: 0.129. 4110 Syrian (Damascus?), mid-thirteenth century. Mosul school. A can- teen with a pit in one side and a strainer in the neck. The outer surfaces are decorated with designs of both Christian and Islamic origin executed in silver inlay, and include inscriptions written in Kufie and in naskhi scripts. Height: 0.447; diameter: 0.355; depth: 0.213. BRONZE 41,9. Chinese, late Chou dynasty, cirea 500-800 B. C. A large bell, with two confronted bird forms on the top. Decoration in slight relief, details incised. Gray-green patination. 0.665 x 0.470 over all. 42.1. Chinese, early Chou dynasty, twelfth-eleventh century B. C. A cere- monial vessel of the type hwe, with a cover in the form of a human face with horns. Patination: outside, gray green with sparse mala- chite incrustations; inside, gray, gray-green, maitachite, cunrite, azurite, and caleareous deposit. 0.182 x 0.210 over all. (Illustrated.) JADE 42.6. Chinese, early Chou dynasty or earlier. A pointed implement for 42 8-49 4, loosening knots; pierced for suspension. Somewhat transiucent pale eray-green nephrite with pale tan mottling. The handle carved in silhouette and countersunk linear relief to represent a long-haired human figure seen in profile. Length: 0.106 over all. MANUSCRIPT Arabic, thirteenth century. Two leaves from a Quwr‘dn. The text is written in naskhi script, which is drawn in black outline and filled in with gold; vowels and crthographical signs in blue and (oc- 51 02 He to et 41.12. 42.5. 41.11. 42.9. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 easional) red. Illuminated verse-stops and marginal ornaments. Paper leaves: 0.485 x 0.345. PAINTING Arabic (Northern Mesopotamia), A. D. 1315. Amida. An illustration from a copy of al-Jazari’s treatise on automata, Kitab fi ma‘arifat al-hiyal al-handasiya: the face of the water clock ealled ‘The Clock of the Drummer.” ‘Painted in full color and gold; text in black naskhi script. Paper leaf: 0.308 x 0.215. (One of a set: 30.71-%7, 42.10.) Chinese, Ming dynasty. By Ni Ytian-lu (1593-1644). Six flewer sprays. Ink on paper. Seven inscriptions, 10 seals. S’gnature. Makimono: 0.269 x 3.136. Persian, thirteenth-fourteentk century. Two leaves from a Shka@hnamah with illustrations painted in color and slight gold as follows: 42.11. Rustam confronting the Turanian, Pilsam; horsemen on a red ground. 0.099 x 0.240, 42.12 Kai Khusraw crossing the water of Zrih. 0.133 x 0.241. Text in a delicate naskhi script. Paper leaves (trimmed): 0.370 x 0 303 ; 0.870 x 0.301. Persian, Mongol (11-Khiin) period, fourteenth century. Tabriz school. An illustration from a Shahndimah: Shah Nishirwin bestows largess upon his minister Buzurjmihr. Painted in full color and gold. Text in black naskht script, titles in gold on blue and red grounds. Paper leaf: 0.412 x 6.295; painting: 0.185 x 0.196. (One of a set: 23.5, 30.78, 80.79, 35.28, 35.24, 38.3, 42.2. (illustrated. ) POTTERY Arabic (Egypt) tenth—-eleventh century (?). Fatimid period. SAUSHOM 0 KX Uj an ra A ee 2 EIT O SHO OUUUIGU Sots BPSIS SNE ISN UE ee Cape ye IS: (GUST TY as WINER We pee ay ee ay eS 1 IB USOUD: NOOO ees a Nee LS SD Se ANrraer aera los Na ee 3 [ESOS © QHOORK CDI SS BT DEON Mee a ES 0 BO AES if Camelus bactrianus_————~-~ ee ako, OATS GUAGE Cl eeee ee aie nets no ORE aft Cephalophus nigrifrons___—_ Pil ae Black-fromtved! duiker sss ieee ei a2" 1 TEES OTC CLC TUSE Se ete eesti Teeter aL Se SP ee AC ee 1 Cervus elaphus__———— leap ey Ss Huropeansned deers. Zz, _ Choloepus didactylus__—____-_______-_- Two-toed sloth ~~. en Tay =f Cynomys ludovicianus_——___---__-- 2 MR rantiey Ogi wares Nes teed ays ayes 12 DDG OR GTO ear’ eile Bt ek ee ee Mallow Geers 34 sla oe eee ee 6 Dolichotis magellanica________-__-_____ PACA OMAN COVyA een eee anos 2 AP QUES ONG eae Nee pen ee ea PIPED ey ele Sb eh SOR RT 7p 3 Hippopotamus amphibius__-__—_______ 18 Giyay axoy avo OM DRS ae eee 1 Lama glama_—_——-- Deis Reaeee RC e senna ep ees ES ie ea 1 MKD GLH ES eS ee FEV ESUSH0 OMe yet ee eae eae ee 1 Macaca nemestrina___—___--________-_ Pig-tailed macaque —-_2___-______ 2 ROG RUS Ean CLAUILUS ss ewes ee WiIOONE TOKO Na ey Se i 1 MA GEUSLORCOUDUS ss 1 Ng INUETIa OT COypoUL is see ence 8 Poephagus) gorunniens— = ee \EEjl hematite wbuiclsatee Menus aeiduarl dun at 1 Potos flavus__—~ a Seek eae Ue BA 1 ASC GOUS A AUOAU ROL: eek WUE TE SAREE ERs aL Bharal] or blue sheep__-=_- =| 2 Semrus \finiaysoma__---_ 2-4 Lesser white squirrel___-__. --_-___ 2 Sika nippon_____— ee ee Se ee 2 Jaa neses eel ee aites cee aan ene 1 SUNRGCEOSECO Pers ae! Ua ee, AvfariGenmn lo atte eeea mie steele sb os ase iL LODUUS.. KOTFROSU Sa South American tapir____________ 1 WOUDES FUE AES IAA es EE an ae Rede foxes Aaa Bee eee 1 BIRDS Anas platyrhynchos__—_— a Gee bat rea ue 7A LAWN str e(0 sec Sa eeibee BI lc eee He C@lopezusmeleganss | aes ewes Grested=tinamoul == a we 2 LUMNOCOTaG. flavirostra ———- ANBCAo [HEE aS 10 Nycticorax nycticorax naevius—.___-___ Black-crowned night heron_______ 16 REPTILES ZONUTUS GLOOM CUS =a = re pies SDI y Aha Cee ee es 2 EXCHANGES A splendid pair of British Park cattle was received in exchange from the Zoo at Toronto, Canada; and from W. A. King, at Browns- ville, Tex., were received 6 Yucatan jays, 4 Mexican caciques, a pair of spider monkeys, 4 red-bellied squirrels, and a pair of West High- land or Kyloe cattle. 84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 PURCHASES Important specimens acquired by purchase were a secretary bird; a number of South African snakes, which were obtained from the Fitzsimons’ Snake Farm, Durban, South Africa; 6 two-toed sloths; a pair of raccoon dogs; and a pair of East African wart hogs. Also purchased during the year were a pair of guanaccs and a pair of single-humped camels. This provides specimens of all living forms of the camel family. REMOVALS Many of the poisonous reptiles have been removed from the Zoo, leaving so few in the collection that they can be ae disposed of should the occasion require. In the report for 1941, there was described a very serious loss of birds resulting from an suka of psittacosis in the bird house. The bird house was closed to the public for about 3 months, and at the beginning of this fiscal year the parrot room was still closed. A release from quarantine for the parrot section was received from the District of Columbia Health Department on September 27, 1941, and the room was reopened to visitors several days later. Through splendid assistance and cooperation on the part of the United States Public Health Service and the District of Columbia Health Department this disease has been eradicated. Suspected birds that die are sent to the Public Health Service for examination, and for nearly a year the results of the examination have all been negative. DEATHS The principal losses for the past year have been of very old resi- dents. A sulphur-crested cockatoo, which was presented by Richard and Harry Hunt, Bethesda, Md., April 19, 1890, before the present Zoo was actually established, died June 20, 1942, after 52 years and 2 months in the Zoo. It had been a pet of the Hunt family for 5 years before coming to the Park. It had come to the United States in a sailing ship around Cape Horn. The female reticulated giraffe which had been received Jane oA 1939, died April 24, 1942. Other losses by death of animals en also had been in the Zoo for long periods included an Alaska Pen- insula bear in the collection 19 years; Baird’s tapir, in the Zoo since May, 1924; and a Malay porcupine that had lived here for 22 years. The American bald eagle, “Jerry,” probably the most photographed bird in the world, died April 15, 1942. It had come as a gift from President Wilson ane had been a Zoo resident for 26 years. Photo- graphs of “Jerry” were used as models for the eagle on our Ceuense posters. RHPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85 As usual, all specimens of scientific value that died during the year were sent to the National Museum. SPECIES NEW TO THE HISTORY OF THE COLLECTION Very few exotic specimens were acquired during the year, and these were mainly replacements. The collection was augmented by the addi- tion of three different types of cattle which had never been exhibited They were a Texas longhorn steer, a pair of British Park cattle, and a pair of West Highland or Kyloe cattle. here before. How acquired Man Birds Hep Amon, Fishes | Total FRESE TI GEC eigen Ssry c he A ie ES Cle as dave ei oats Ve 80 80 86 14 2 262 Bonmyorsnatched sca noe Wii raw ees seed ES 65 40 PW Ne ae aa ea |B a 107 Received in exchange______________________________- 10 23 ht aaa eae EE Tae 42 EAT CH ASC Cl eewetine en wale OMe Ry tui wy 0 REN a oT, 34 107 IO pee 42 283 OTN CMOSI ee Ree EEL ONS TES Sa It a 18 ¢ Bie | DO Sa ed se 33 Collected by National Zoological Park staff____.____ DB aye ele eyed | tanec amen TOF Mena ree! 38 PAAR oe SS OS 0 SE a RO IAL a 235 257 205 24 44 765 Summary PAVAITY ASR OTAY SEN TN CoD UL LY? ede: AD 8 ET DEE AY SP 2, 380 PACERS ST OMS y CUT 24 Uh Gye eat 25 akc EN UN EY Te EN Ee Ne NSS SERA Dh 765 Total animals in collection during year______________________-___ 3, 145 Removal from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on CSPOT Ss EN UN) aap NT LN Sa AO 734 Inkeollectione Sumer SOM TOAD! is yank ai eee IN Se Re SE ioe I ae ae 2,411 Status of collection Class Species Endivad: Class Species dndivid: Mamimalsys2 ea 229 704,)||h Insects secre sass aby en 1 25 Birds______- 332 945 || Mollusks_____________-_______- 1 1 Reptiles ___ 110 530 || Crustaceans__________________ 1 2 - Amphibians 17 68 Fishes______ 29 133 ROG ALG Gey h REN ES LMU ae 722 2,411 Arachnids__-______- 2 3 Respectfully submitted. Dr. C. G. Axssor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. W. M. Mann, Director. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY _ §re: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942: WORK AT WASHINGTON PUBLICATION GF VOLUME 6 OF THE ANNALS ' The outstanding event was the completion and publication of volume 6 of the Annals of the Observatory. The volume begins with extracts from these reports continuing the annals of the Observatory operations from 1931 to 1940. Next, the principal research, on the variation of the sun’s radiation is minutely described, with illustra- tive graphical and tabular matter relating to every feature. Then follow 78 quarto tabular pages giving in detail daily results of observation of the’ solar constant of radiation (i. e., the intensity of the sun’s rays as they exist at mean solar distance outside the earth’s atmosphere). This table covers all observations over the interval from 1923 to 1939 at Montezuma, Chile; Table Mountain, Calif.; and Mount St. Katherine, Egypt. The results are given in 12 columns for each day, covering not only the final results at each station, but the more important observations leading up to them. For some individual dates as many as 12 lines are required. Hach page of the Annals includes 3 such groups of columns or 86 in all, and each page has approximately 80 lines. The enormous task of preparing this table has been mentioned repeatedly in preceding reports. Then follows a chapter on the derived results and conclusions based on this great tabular compilation, and including related additional information for the years 1920 to 1923, derived from volume 5 of the Annals. As regards accuracy, the probable accidental error of a single day’s . determination of the solar constant from observations at the stations is one-sixth of 1 percent, and for 10-day and monthly means, it is one-ninth and one-twentieth of 1 percent, respectively. The variation of the sun, as our life-supporting star, is clearly indicated and between extreme ranges up to about 3 percent for the interval 1920 to 1939. It is verified not only by comparisons of our 86 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY A. own radiation observations at widely separated stations but by com- parison of them with the publications of visual and photographic studies of the sun’s surface made at other observatories. Such com- parisons show, for instance, that the rotation of the sun upon its axis in the approximate period of 27 days frequently is attended by 1 percent change in solar radiation associated with well-marked changes in the visual and photographic appearance of the sun. The variation of the sun is shown not to be of uniform percentage for all colors and wave lengths, but to increase rapidly in percentage toward the shorter wave lengths of the violet and ultraviolet rays. For ultraviolet rays of wave length 3500 angstroms, the percentage variation is 6 times as great as for the solar radiation as a whole. Fourteen simultaneously operative regular periodicities are found im solar radiation ranging from 8 months to 273 months in periods. Each of these is reflected in temperatures and precipitations recorded by meteorological observations of official weather services. Long records, extending for 140 years, like those of Copénhagen, Vienna, and New Haven, prove that the 14 solar periodic variations have continued in unchanged phases, though perhaps not in unchanged amplitudes, during all that interval. Assuming that the phases will continue unchanged, and the amplitudes will be the average of amplitudes since 1920, a prediction of the solar variation to 1945 is hazarded. t : The publication of volume 6 of the Annals, in such beautiful form and at so early a date, was made possible by funds generously sup- plied by Mr. John A. Roebling. Without his long-continued and munificent support and advice, the research cculd not have reached this satisfactory fruition. It is greatly hoped that it will furnish valuable aids to the science of meteorology. | TRANSFER OF THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS - A second outstanding event of the year is the acceptance by the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress of the proposal, strongly recommended by the Regents of the Institution, that the Division of Radiation and Organisms, hitherto for 13 years supported by private funds, and hitherto concerned with the fundamental study of plant growth, be incorporated as a branch of the Astrophysical Observa- tory. Since the beginning of the fiscal year 1942, this interesting fundamental research has been supported by Congressional appropria- tions, and its staff has been a part of the Government Civil Service. INSTRUMENTS Our detailed studies of the observations of the solar radiation disclosed, as above said, that the percentage variation of the intensity of the sun’s rays is six times as great for ultraviolet rays as for the 88 | ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 total of all wave lengths. It also appeared plainly that the chief source of error remaining in the determinations arises from uncer- tainty of the exact effect of absorption in the great infrared water- vapor bands, occurring in a spectral region where solar variation is almost nil. These considerations led the Director to devise a method whereby with a few additional observations using special glass absorbing sereens determinations of solar variation could be restricted to the spectral region of the green, blue, violet, and ultraviolet rays. Apparatus for such determinations was prepared at our Washington instrument shop and has been installed at all three of the field sta- tions. It has been in regular use at all of them since about July 1941 in addition to the ordinary observing. It also appeared that certain types of sky conditions tended to produce unsatisfactory results by our present usual methods of observing the solar constant of radiation. It seemed possible that if in addition to our usual measurements we should observe the degree of polarization prevailing in sky light a correction of value might be discovered and applied in our daily measurements. Ac- cordingly three copies of a sky polarization device invented by the late Prof. E. C. Pickering have been prepared at our Washington instru- ment shop. One is already installed at Montezuma, Chile, and has been used regularly since March 1942. Such instruments will soon be in use at our other stations. | Considerable special confidential work for military purposes has been done at our Washington instrument shop under the care of the Director. The Assistant Director, Mr. L. B. Aldrich, has devoted a good deal of time as a member of the Smithsonian War Committee. FIELD WORK Three solar radiation observing stations have been operated on all favorable days at Table Mountain, Calif., Burro Mountain, N. Mex. (called the Tyrone station), and at Montezuma, Chile. The meteorological conditions have been rather less favorable than usual at all three stations, but still solar-constant observations were made on a majority of days at all stations. New reinforced concrete dwelling quarters for the director’s fam- il yat Montezuma were completed under field director Freeman’s direction and finished shortly before he was relieved by A. F. Moore in July 1941, and in May 1942 the assistant’s quarters were rebuilt to a considerable extent. Improvements were also made at Table Mountain and Tyrone stations. A new water supply was installed at the former, and the drainage of the observing tunnel was perfected at the latter. REPORT OF THE SHCRETARY 89 PERSONNEL CHANGES A. Kramer, instrument maker, retired, was restored to the active Civil Service at Washington under war regulations on March 16, 1942. A. F. Moore relieved H. B. Freeman, resigned, at Montezuma as field director in July 1941, and F. A. Greeley relieved James H. Baden as bolometric assistant there in April 1942. W. H. Hoover continued as field director at Tyrone station, relieving A. F. Moore. Thomas Hassard served from October 6, 1941, to April 16, 1942, as bolometric assistant at Table Mountain, relieving F. A. Greeley. — On Hassard’s resignation to enter military service, he was followed by Kenneth G. Bower in May 1942. Miss N. M. McCandlish, special assistant to the Director, resigned March 1942. The following members of the staff of the Division of Radiation and Organisms were transferred to the staff of the Astrophysical Observatory on July 1, 1941, under authorization of the Civil Service Commission: Robert M. Clagett, Leland B. Clark, Earl S. Johnston, Edward D. McAlister, and Robert L. Weintraub. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Assor, Director. THe SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. JMel eld DIDS REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during the year énded June 30, 1942: Many changes have taken place in both personnel and physical equip- ment of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during the past year. _ Members of the Division were given Civil Service status on July 1, 1941, and the work is now carried on from appropriations allotted to the Astrophysical Observatory. The laboratory has been remodeled and most of the rooms repainted. The removal of the pipe shop to the United States National Museum made available much needed space and. has relieved the crowded condition that existed. These changes brought about considerable temporary disruption in the regular work. Different members of the Division have contributed directly or indi- rectly to work pertaining to war activities. The regular research work may, for convenience, be placed under three group headings: Photo- synthesis, plant growth and radiation, and development of apparatus and methods. Dr. Jack E. Myers continued his work with algae on problems related to photosynthesis until the expiration of his National Research Fellow- ship grant in September. He devised a method for the contiuous cul- ture of algae with equipment built in the Division’s laboratory. ‘This apparatus he took with him to continue the work at the University of Texas as a cooperative project with our Division. The bearing this work has on our general program is that of obtaining uniform biologi- cal material that will give reproducible results under similar experi- mental conditions. Mrs. Florence Meier Chase completed her study on the economic uses of algae and submitted a paper covering the subject for publication in the Smithsonian Annual Report for 1941. Dr. Weintraub has completed a comprehensive review of the litera- ture on plant respiration as ailected by radiation. This was requested by Botanical Review, a journal which specializes in the publication of comprehensive technical reviews in the botanical field. This review is especially useful as a background in some of our investigations. 90 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9] Drs. Johnston and Weintraub have continued their experiments on the factors that influence the change in rates of respiration. This, of course, is basic work to our main project on photosynthesis. Our results lead one to speculate on the possibility of the existence of a carbon dioxide reservoir connected with the cell mechanism. It would seem that when the plants are conditioned in air of high carbon dioxide content a certain amount of excess carbon dioxide is stored in the tissue so that subsequent measurements of “apparent respiration” would con- sist of the carbon dioxide liberated by true respiration and that re- leased from a well-filled reservoir. If, however, the plants are condi- tioned in air with little or no carbon dioxide the hypothetical reservoir is In a partially depleted condition and the first few periods of ‘“ap- parent respiration” show a gradual increase in rate. This would be caused by the trapping in the reservoir of less and less of the respired carbon dioxide, thereby liberating more and more carbon dioxide which could be detected in the atmosphere surrounding the plant. Such a reservoir hypothesis, however, is not sufficient to account for all the results obtained. There is evidence in much of our data that the humidity of the air plays an. important role in this: gaseous ex- change, perhaps in changing the size of stomatal openings. Just what mechanism is involved in these plant responses is not yet clear. The answer must await improvements of the humidity controls of -the apparatus. Such improvements are now being undertaken. The relationship previously found by Dr. Weintraub between light intensity and inhibition of growth of the oats mesocotyl suggests that two growth proceses are influenced by light; one alone at low intensities and both together at higher intensities. It appears likely that these two processes are cell elongation and cell division, respec- tively. In order to determine the action spectra for the two processes, and so to obtain an insight into their mechanisms, information on the intensity relations in various spectral regions is required. Such information has previously been obtained for a number of wave bands at low intensities, using a double monochromator. In extending the study to higher intensities, this method is not feasible and use must be made of emission spectra furnishing lines of adequate intensity and purity. Such lines as are available are now being studied over a wide intensity range and the plant material is being preserved for future histological study. The action spectrum (maximum activity in the red) found for the mesocotyl inhibition at low intensities indicates the presence in the etiolated plant of a photoreceptive pigment possessing a similar absorption spectrum. An attempt to isolate such a pigment has been begun. The evidence thus far obtained points to the occurrence in the dark-grown oats seedling of traces of at least two pigments having 92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 absorption bands in the red region of the spectrum. Work on the isolation and separation of these pigments is now in progress. In view of the previous finding by Drs. Johnston and Weintraub, using the spectrographic method, that illumination increases the rate of carbon dioxide production by etiolated barley seedlings, it is of considerable interest to study the influence of radiation on the respiration of other types of plants. For this purpose the Warburg manometric technique seems well adapted, since both oxygen absorp- tion and carbon dioxide evolution can be measured simultaneously. The necessary apparatus is being assembled and preliminary experi-- ments to find suitable types of plant material and appropriate cultural conditions are under way. The data in the literature as well as results already obtained in this laboratory indicate that the effects of radiation on respiration may be intimately related to the previous cultural history of the plant. PERSONNEL Dr. Jack E. Myers, whose National Research Fellowship grant terminated in September, has been appointed assistant professor in the department of zoology and physiology at the University of Texas. Mrs. Florence Meier Chase, who has been with the Division for 10 years, resigned on September 9. \ On October 1 the services of Dr. E. D. McAlister were transferred to the Carnegie Institution of Washington for the purpose of carrying on war work. Leonard Price was appointed junior physical science aid on Feb- ruary 16, 1942. Mrs. Phyllis W. Prescott was appointed junior clerk-stenographer on March 24, 1942. PUBLICATIONS JOHNSTON, Hart S. Demonstration of the effect of radiation on organisms at the Smithsonian Institution. Scientific Monthly, vol. 53 (July), pp. 92-96, 1941. WEINTRAUB, ROBERT L., and MCALISTER, Edward D.:' Developmental physiology of the grass seedling. I. Inhibition of the mesocotyl of Avena sativa by continuous exposure to light of low intensity. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 101, No. 17, pp. 1-10, 1942. Respectfully submitted. Karu 8S. JoHnston, Assistant Director. Dr. C. G. Aspor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the Smithsonian Library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942: War’s initial impact upon the normal activities of a scientific library is disconcerting and disruptive. Publication of new material in the combatant countries declines, and such books and periodicals as are issued are obtainable with difficulty, if indeed they can be obtained at all. In the important scientific journals gaps appear and widen. As a consequence, service to readers becomes more limited. The whole immediate outlook for growth and accomplishment is dis- couraging. Since September 1939 the Smithsonian Library has suffered in common with all other libraries of international scope, and as long as the war lasts 1t must continue to suffer from this negative influence which progressively decreases the inflow of material important for the work of the Institution and its branches. After Pearl Harbor came the final cutting off of all importations from enemy and occu- pied countries. The disruptive effect upon the normal activity of the library is graphically illustrated by the fact that during the fiscal year just ended 425 packages were received from abroad through the International Exchange Service, whereas in a recent pre-war year the number was 2,194. Recovery from this serious crippling of the library’s facilities will be slow, and the work of repair and of rebuilding will constitute a challenge to diligence and ingenuity during post-war years. Wortunately, there is a positive, constructive, and much brighter side to the year’s activities. Especially is this true of the library’s relation to the war effort. The primary purpose of the library in normal times is service to the Institution’s many specialists engaged in a wide range of studies covering the natural and physical sciences. A basic requirement for progress in any line of science is constant eecess to the published results of research in all countries. The large body of scientific literature accumulated in the years since the foun- dation of the Institution for the special needs of its staff has been found to provide valuable material of great importance to the various war agencies. As a result of this there has been a large increase in 459366—42— _—7 93 94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 the reference use of the library, especially in the branch library in the National Museum, including both personal visits and requests by telephone for information. This has also increased the loan to out- side libraries, which were 218 more than last year. In addition to providing access to published material and recorded information, the library has been able to extend its war reference service by putting inquirers directly in touch with members of the staff of the Institution having special professional or personal knowl- edge of various subjects. By knowing where, how, and from whom information not available in the Institution itself may be obtained, the library has also been enabled to arrange valuable introductions to outside sources. This kind of service, through which the brary functions not only as a bibliographical center, but also as a general clearinghouse for information, 1s expanding and offers promising possibilities for more extensive future assistance in the war effort. Upon recommendation of the Smithsonian War Committee and as a part of the Institution’s program for directing its activities more _ definitely to the war effort, the library was instructed by the Secre- tary in April to prepare an index of the foreign geographical illustra- tions that have appeared in Smithsonian publications. Work was begun immediately, and before the end of the fiscal year the index- ing of the Smithsonian Explorations and Field-Work series had been completed and work begun on other publications. Records of some 2,000 illustrations have been made and filed both alphabetically and by regions. Tn spite of the time given to special war activities, routine duties. of the library were weil kept up. The acquisition of new material by purchase and exchange, the cataloging of books, the entering of periodicals, the preparation of volumes for binding, the keeping of loan-desk records, all are exact and time-consuming processes, upon which the smooth functioning of the library depends. Statistics of them, so far as they can be measured statistically, will be found at the end of this report. Routine reference work for the staff of the Institution, and the use of books within the various libraries, of which no numerical count is attempted, continued to be heavy. Although considerably handicapped by a temporarily curtailed staff, the decrease in the number of accessions from Europe and Asia has made it possible for the catalogers to devote some small part of their time to the recataloging of older material that has long needed attention. Full use of many of our most valuable series of publica- tions has always been difficult because analysis of them has never been made for the catalog. Accurate identification of references and prompt delivery of material wanted. are basic to good library service. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 95 especially from the loan desk, and they are largely dependent upon good cataloging. It is hoped, as one of the compensations for the decrease in foreign accessions, to be able to continue and extend this program for making our already acquired resources more fully and easily usable. In the matter of exchanges, a comparable program is in progress. With no immediate possibility of filling gaps in our files of foreign serials from sources abroad in direct exchange for our own publica- tions, we are using, and are studying how to make further use of, our large and valuable duplicate collection for strengthening and extending our domestic exchanges. Lists of desiderata exchanged with other institutions are bringing good results in finding parts needed to complete incomplete serial files in all the participating libraries. Many of our duplicates, too, are given directly to other Government libraries that need them. Notably, in response to a request from the Scientific Library of the Patent Office, we were able this year to supply 1,524 parts of periodicals lacking in their sets. GIFTS Friends and patrons made generous gifts to the library. The Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, and other members and collabo- rators of the Smithsonian staff contributed many publications. The American Museum of Natural History, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and other institutions ‘with which we are regularly in ex- change made us special gifts in addition. From the American Association for the Advancement of Science came 724 publications, and 68 were received from the American Association of Museums. A noteworthy gift, numbering some 2,000 items, was the library on Copepoda assembled by the late Dr. Charles Branch Wilson and presented by his son, Carroll A. Wilson, to the Division of Marine Invertebrates. A card index for use with the collection accompanied it. Of special interest was Mrs. Cyrus Adler’s gift of the post- humously published book, I Have Remembered the Days, the autobi- ography of the late Dr. Cyrus Adler, formerly lbrarian of the Institution. Other donors were, Percy S. Alden, Theodore Bolton, Willard C. Brinton, L. V. Coleman, Dr. P. T. Collinge, Miss Elsie G. Curry, Dr. Carl Epling, Mrs. Paul Garber, The Board of Directors of the Golden Gate’ Bridgé and Highway District, Dr. John M. Hiss, R. G. Ingersoll Waite, Prof. James R. Jack, Dr. Thomas H. Kearney, Dr. Riley D. Moore, Dr. W. L. McAtee, The National Society of Colonial Dames of America, Dr. T. L. Northup, Mrs. Foster Stearns, Prof. Theodore Sizer. 96 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 PERSONNEL Most important of the unusually large number of changes on the staff was the retirement of William L. Corbin as librarian on January 31, 1942, after more than 17 years of service. Coming to the Insti- tution in the early years after the First World War, he was con- fronted with many difficult tasks of rehabilitation and administra- tion. He gave his best efforts to the completion of important files of scientific journals broken by the war, to the reestablishment and extension of exchange relationships and to the building up of an efficient library personnel for the service of the Institution. On February 2, 1942, Mrs. Leila F. Clark, who had been assistant librarian in charge of the National Museum library since 1929, was appointed librarian of the Institution. Miss Elisabeth P. Hobbs, head cataloger, was promoted on May 21, 1942, to the position of associate librarian in charge of the Mu- seum library. Mrs. Lucile Torrey Barrett, who had given excen- tional service as librarian of the National Collection of Fine Arts, was transferred to a war agency on February 23, 1942. Other changes were the resignation of Miss Ruth Blanchard on October 31, 1941, and the appointments of Miss Marjorie Kunze and Miss Marion Blair on January 5, 1942. The temporary appointments of Mrs. Georgeanna H. Morrill and Mrs. Clara Dick, made during the pre- ceding fiscal year, were terminated on December 31, 1941. Assistant messengers for short periods were Arthur Gambrell and John Barnes. Samuel Jones, who is now serving, was appointed May 5. STATISTICS The accessions to the libraries were as follows: Accessions “ Apptexy am- mate hold- Volumes phlets Total TACIT 30, 1942 Astrophysical Observatonye 22. = 262 at whe wee ee eee 172 71 243 10, 399 Freer. (Gallery of/Art-2-- 2-22 223522 sei o 2S See ae 74 67 141 16, 366 ThancleyeA eromauticalian Wiaeun oe ease is DUT eee 20 5 25 3, 575 National Collection of Fine Arts___-------------------------- 191 114 305 7, 994 INEM Hovae | IN Woe bnay a T e a e soe pee eee seen 2, 503 1, 024 3, 527 223, 287 National Zoological Park__------------ pe aes Bs Va eae 12 13 25 3, 941 Radiation and ‘Orgamisms = ——_* 25-202 22 eee 9 1 10 606 Smithsonian Deposit, Library of Congress__----------------- 892 423 1,315 569, 977 Smighsoniamy@ tices sess ee eee ee ne 61 33 94 31, 055 La Noy Heh Peete ae en NCR Sa RON einen ee ge Ne ES Fe ee 3, 934 1, 751 5, 685 1 867, 200 1 This figure does not include incomplete volumes of periodicals or separates and reprints from periodicals. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY — 97 Hachanges New exchanges arranged: For the Smiilthsonlanw) eposit=a aa eee 84 HorsthesNationalavinseumm library ees ee 127 Horaocher branch siibrakiecs ee suuen oe 18 SUA Ms ea) tie TAN EA LEN aL tg LV RICA NLS AL ef A CIs EN 229 “Wants” received : Horssthesniithsoniany we pOSIt = eas aa a ee als Hor che National Museum) library 2222222 se eee eee 2, 286 Horiouher branch Tip TAries ssl Lee NUE ASE EEO ee ae ae 622 VARY OyEES I eka SU IMAG A an NS Sg NU fae Ee a Ss ET 4, 040 TE @YEUECTERSH 1 Sy ES YSN ae PR ce at PI A SN a 1, 581 Cataloging Volumes ;ands pamphlets, (cataloged 2 2s ei a eee 4, 775 Candsanlediinicatalogs; and Shelflists222 222 sua ee eee 29, 826 Other Activities FElerel@n tie see terse el ese tec often xe PIE BSP GL A yee 12, 258 oan Sotmbooks.and. peciodicals= 220 coe Oe a ee ee eee 9, 978 RIMES SeMitOs Lhe Abid Oly 2ee lhe al i as ales Ms Se a 1, 400 Respectfully submitted. Lema F. CuarK, Librarian. Dr. C. G. Axsgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 11 REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi- cations of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government branches under its administrative charge during the year ended June 30, 1942: The Institution published during the year 18 papers in the Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections, and title page and table of con- tents of volumes 73 and 99 of this series; 2 papers in the War Back- ground Studies series; 1 Annual Report and pamphlet copies of 23 articles in the Report appendix; and 3 special publications. Addi- tional copies of two volumes of the Smithsonian’s series of tables were also printed. The United States National Museum issued 1 Annual Report; 36 Proceedings papers; 3 Bulletins and 1 part each of 3 Bulletins; 1 separate paper in the Bulletin series of Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. The Bureau of American Ethnology issued 1 Annual Report and 3 Bulletins. The Astrophysical Observatory issued volume 6 of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory. Of the publications there were distributed 162,525 copies, which included 17 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 37,650 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 22,052 volumes and separates of the Smith- sonian Annual Reports, 1,245 War Background Studies papers, 2,575 Smithsonian special publications, 82,545 volumes and separates of National Museum publications, 11,631 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 6 publications of the National Collection of Fine Arts, 3 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, 14 reports on the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 1,362 Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, and 383 reports of the American Historical Association. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS There were issued title page and table of contents of volumes 73 and 99, 3 papers of volume 99, 15 papers of volume 101, and reprints of volumes 86 and 88, as follows: 98 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 99 VOLUME 73 Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3648.) December 16, 1941. VOLUME 99 No. 8. Check-list of the terrestrial and fresh-water Isopoda of Oceania, by H. Gordon Jackson. 35 pp. (Publ. 3593.) July 23, 1941. No. 22. The ice age problem, by Walter Knoche. 5 pp. (Publ. 3653.) July 30, 1941. No. 23. Evidences of early occupation in Sandia Cave, New Mexico, and other sites in the Sandia-Manzano region, by Frank C. Hibben, with appendix on Correlation of the deposits of ‘Sandia Cave, New Mexico, with the glacial chronology, by Kirk Bryan. vi+64 pp., 15 pls., 9 figs. (Publ. 3636.) October 15, 1941. Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3644.) November 13, 1941. VOLUME 101 No. 2. A new salamander of the genus Gyrinophilus from the southern Ap- palachians, by M. B. Mittleman and Harry G. M. Jopson. 5 pp.,,1 pl. (Publ. B68 uly) 14) 19410 No. 3. Environment and native subsistence economies in the central Great Plains, by Waldo R. Wedel. 29 pp., 5 pls., 1 fig. (Pub!.3639.) August 20, 7941. No. 4. Diseases of und artifacts on skulls and bones from Kodiak Island, by AleS Hrdliéka. 14 pp., 11 pls. (Publ. 3640.) September 23, 1941. No. 5. On solar-constant and atmospheric temperature changes, by Henryk Aretowski. vi-62 pp., 33 figs. (Pubi. 3641.) November 7, 1941. No. 6 Beetles of the genus HAyperaspis inhabitating the United States, by Th. Dobzhansky. 94 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 3642.) December 31, 1941. No. 7. Archeological remains in central Kansas and their possible bearing on the location of Quivira, by Waldo R. Wedel. 24 pp., 10 pls., 1 fig. (Publ. 3647.) January 15, 1942. No. 8. Bees of the family Hylaeidae from the Ethiopian region, by T. D. A. Cockerell. 15 pp. , (Publ. 3649.) February 19, 1942. No. 9. Notes on some American fresh-water amphipod crustaceans and de- scriptions of a new genus and two new species, by Clarence R. Shoemaker. 31 pp., 12 figs. (Publ. 3675.) February 16, 1942. No. 10. Faunal content of the Maryville formation, by Charles EH. Resser. S pp. (Publ. 3676.) February 13, 1942. No. 11. Amphipod crustaceans collected on the Presidential Cruise of 19388, by Clarence R. Shoemaker. 52 pp., 17 figs. (Publ. 3677.) March 5, 1942. No. 12. The quantity of vaporous water in the atmosphere, by C. G. Abbot. Tpp. (Publ. 8678.) March 23, 1942. No. 13. A new titanothere from the Hocene of Mississippi, with notes on the correlation between the marine Hocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and conti- nental Hocene of the Recky Mountain region, by C. L. Gazin and J. Magruder Sullivan. 13 pp., 3 pls., 1 fig. (Publ. 3679.) April 23, 1942. No. 14. Two new fossil birds from the Oligicence of South Dakota, by Alexander Wetmore. 6 pp., 13 figs. (Publ. 3680.) May 11, 1942. No. 15. Fifth contribution to nomenclature of Cambrian fossils, by Charles E. Resser. 58 pp. (Publ. 3682.) May 22, 1942. 100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 No. 17. Developmental physiology of the grass seedling. I. Inhibition of the mesocotyl of Avena sativa by continuous exposure to light of low intensities, by Robert L. Weintraub and Edward D. McAlister. 10 pp., 1 pl., 4 figs. (Publ. 3685.) June 24, 1942. Additional copies of the following two volumes were printed: VOLUME 86 Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, Fifth Revised Edition, First Reprint. Ixxxvi+282 pp. (Publ. 3116.) VOLUME 88 ~ Smithsonian Physical Tables, Highth Revised Edition, First Reprint. liv-+686 pp. (Publ. 3171.) WAR BACKGROUND STUDIES In the new series of Smithsonian publications, War Background Studies, the following papers were issued : No. 1. Origin of the Far Eastern civilizations: a brief handbook, by Carl Whiting Bishop. 53 pp., 12 pls., 21 figs. (Publ. 3681.) June 10, 1942. No. 2. The evolution of nations, by John R. Swanton. 28 pp. (Publ. 3686.) June 24, 1942. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS Report for 1940.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1940 was received from the Public Printer in October 1941. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution fer the year ended June 30, 1940. xiii+512 pp., 107 pls., 28 figs. (Publ. 3606.) The appendix contained the following papers: Solar prominences in motion, by Robert R. McMath. The satellites of Jupiter, by Seth B. Nicholson. Cultural values of physics, by David Dietz. Nuclear fission, by Karl K. Darrow. The national standards of measurement, by Lyman J. Briggs. The rise of the organic chemical industry in the United States, by C. M. A. Stine. The rubber industry, 18389-19389, by W. A. Gibbons. The future of man as an inhabitant of the earth, by Kirtley F. Mather. The search for oil, by G. M. Lees. Perspectives in evolution, by James Ritchie, M. A., D. Sc. Animal behavior, by Hrnest P. Walker. The national wildlife refuge program of the Fish and Wildlife Service, by Ira N. Gabrielson. A living fossil, by J. L. B. Smith. Insects and the spread of plant diseases, by Walter Carter. The Mexican bean beetle, by W. H. White. Plant-tissue cultures, by Rebert L. Weintraub. The botany and history of Zizania aquatica L. (“wild rice’), by Charles HH. Chambliss. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 101 Prehistoric culture’ waves from Asia to America, by Diamond Jenness. Masked medicine societies of the Iroquois, by William N. Fenton. The beginnings of civilization in eastern Asia, by Carl Whiting Bishop. Stonehenge: Today and yesterday, by Frank Stevens, O. B. E., F. S. A. Sulfanilamide and related chemicals in the treatment of infectious dis- eases, by Wesley W. Spink, M. D. The future of flying, by H. H. Wimperis, C. B., C..B. E., Hon. D.~Eng. (Melb.), Past President Royal Aeronautical Society. Report for 1941.—The Report of the Secretary, which included the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, and which will form part of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress, was issued in January 1941. Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents for the year ended June 30, 1940. ix+136 pp., 5 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 36438.) The Report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press at the close of the year. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Handbook of the National Aircraft Collection, Fifth Edition, by Paul E. Garber. 43 pp., 26 pls., 1 fig. (Publ. 3635.) July 23, 1941. Classified list of Smithsonian publications available for distribution December 1, 1941, compiled by Helen Munroe. 42 pp. (Publ. 3645.) December 11, 1941. Brief guide to the Smithsonian Institution, Fifth Edition. 80 pp., 53 ills. (Publ. BL.) May 1942. PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser. There were issued 1 Annual Report, 36 Proceedings papers, 6 Bulletins, and 1 separate paper in the Bulletin series of Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, as follows: MUSEUM REPORT Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum for the fiscal’ year ended June 30, 1941. iii+118 pp. January 1942. PROCEEDINGS: VOLUME 87 Title page, table of contents, 'and index. Pp. i-viii, 635-672. September 16, 1941. VOLUME 90 No. 3107. Revision of the North Amevican moths of the family Oecophoridae, with descriptions of new genera and species, by J. F. Gates Clarke. Pp. 33-286, pls. 1-48. November 6, 1941. No. 3109. A history of the division of vertebrate paleontology in the United States National Museum, by C. W. Gilmore. Pp. 305-377, pls. 49-53. August 5, 1941. 102 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 No. 3110. A new harpacticoid copepod from the gill chambers of a marsh crab, by Arthur G. Humes. Pp. 379-385, fig. 18. August 5, 1941. No. 3112. Cestode parasites of teleost fishes of the Woods Hole region, Massa- chusetts, by Edwin Linton. Pp. 417-442, pls. 60-62. July 15, 1941. No. 3113. Pamlico fossil echinoids, by Willard Berry. Pp. 443-445, pls. 63-65. July 5, 1941. _ No. 8115. Notes on Mexican turtles of the genus Kinosternon, by Leonhard Stejneger. Pp. 457-459. July 25, 1941. No. 3116. A revision of the chalcid-flies of the genus Monedontomerus in the United States National Museum, by A. B. Gahan. Pp. 461-482. August 19, 1941. No. 3117. Notes on the birds of North Carolina, by Alexander Wetmore. Pp. 483-530. October 31, 1941. No. 3118. Notes on some North and Middle American danaid butterflies, hy Austin H. Clark. Pp. 581-542, pls. 71-74. November 4, 1941. No. 3119. A new genus of psammocharid wasp from China, by P. P. Babiy. Pp. 543-546, fig. 23. October 24, 1941. No. 3120. Two new species of Cecidomyiid flies from Phlox, by Charles T. Greene. Pp. 547-551, fig. 24. October 30, 1941. VOLUME 91 No.'3121. The mammalian faunas of the Paleocene of central Utah, with notes on the geology, by C. Lewis Gazin. Pp. 1-53, figs. 1-29, pls. 1-38. October 2, 1941. No. 3122. A new fossil crocodilian from Colombia, by Charles C. Mook. Pp. 55-58, pls. 4-9. January 17, 1942. No. 3123. The North American moths of the genus Arachis, with one new species, by J. F. Gates Clarke. Pp. 59-70, pls. 10-12. November 14, 1941. No. 3124. Some little-known fossil lizards from the Oligocene of Wyoming, by Charles W. Gilmore. Pp. 71-76, figs. 30-32. November 13, 1941. No. 3125. New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum, by C. McLean Fraser. Pp. 77-89, pls. 13-18. November 14, 1941. A No. 3126. The Nevada early Ordovician (Pogonip) sponge fauna, by R. S. Bassler. Pp. 91-102, pls. 19-24. November 1, 1941. No, 3127. The Mexican subspecies of the snake Coniophanes fissidens, by Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 103-111, fig. 38. November 13, 1941. No. 3128. Report on the Smithsonian-Firestone expedition’s collection of reptiles and amphibians from Liberia, by Arthur Loveridge. Pp? 113-140, fig. 34. November 14, 1941. No. 3129. Notes on some crayfishes from Alabama caves, with the description of a new species and a new subspecies, by Rendell Rhoades. “Pp. 141-148, figs. 35, 36. November 6, 1941. \ No. 3130. Notes on the snake genus Trimorphodon, by Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 149-168, figs. 37, 388. November 10, 1941. VOLUME 92 No. 3133. Notes on two genera of American flies of the family Trypetidae, by John R. Malloch. Pp. 1-20. fig. 1. January 7, 1942. No. 3134. The Freda, N. Dak., meteorite: A nickel-rich ataxite, by EH. P. Henderson and Stuart H. Perry. Pp. 21-23, pls. 14. March 23, 1942. No. 3135. Some cestodes from Florida sharks, by ASa C. Chandler. Pp. 25-31, figs. 2,3. Webruary 9, 1942. No. 3136. A new species of phyllopod crustacean from the southwestern short-grass prairies, by J. G. Mackin. Pp. 38-39, figs. 46. April 15, 1942. REPORT OF THE-SECRETARY 103 No. 3137. Descriptions of five new species of Chalcidoidea, with notes on a few described species (Hymenoptera), by A. B. Gahan. Pp. 41-51. March 4, 1942. No. 3138. A new stomatopod crustacean from the west coast of Mexico, by Steve A. Glassell. Pp. 53-56, fig. 7. March 26, 1942. No. 3139. The chrysomelid beetles Luperodes bivittatus (LeConte) and vari- cornis (LeConte) and some allied species, by Doris H. Blake. Pp. 57-74, pls. 5,6. April 7, 1942. No. 3140. Notes on the classification of the staphylinid beetles of the groups Lispini and Osoriinae, by Richard BE. Blackwelder. Pp. 75-90. April 7, 1942. No. 3141. Scored bone artifacts of the central Great Plains, by W. R.. Wedel and A. T. Hill. Pp. 91-109, pls. 7-18. April 28, 1942. No. 3142. The identity of some marine annelid worms in the United States National Museum, by Olga Hartman. Pp. 101-140, figs. 8-15. June 10, 1942. No. 3148. The Sardis (Georgia) meteorite, by EK. P. Henderson ‘and ©. Wythe Cooke. Pp. 141-150, pls. 14, 15. April 30, 1942. No. 3144. Rhopocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus, by Edwin Kirk. Pp. 151-155, pl. 16. April 24, 1942. } No. 3145. Notes on beetles related to Phyllophaga Harris, with descrip- tions of new genera and subgenera, by Lawrence W. Saylor. Pp. 157-165, pl. 17. June 11, 1942. No. 3146. Descriptions of the larvae of some West Indian melolonthine beetles and a key to the known larvae of the tribe, by Adam G. Boving. Pp. 167-176, pls. 18, 19. June 13, 1942. BULLETINS No. 50, part 9. The birds of North and Middle America. Families Gruidae, Rallidae, Heliornithidae, and Hurypygidae, by Robert Ridgway and Herbert Friedmann. ix+254 pp., 16 figs. October 2, 1941. No. 82, volume 1, part 4a. A monograph of the existing crinoids. The super- family Mariametrida (except the family Colobometridae), by Austin H. Clark, vii-+603 pp., 61 pls. August 5, 1941. No. 161, part 3. The Foraminifera of the tropical Pacific collections of the “Albatross,” 1899-1900. Heterohelicidae and Buliminidae, by Joseph Augustine Cushman. x+67 pp., 15 pls. February 10, 1941. No. 177. The herpetology of Hispaniola, by Doris M. Cochran. vii+398 pp., 12 pls. July 8, 1941. No. 178. Catalog of the type specimens of mammals in the United States National Museum, including the Biological Surveys collection, by Arthur J. Poole and Viola S. Schantz. xiii+705 pp. April 8, 1942. No. 179. Life histories of North American flycatchers, larks, swallows, and their allies, by Arthur Cleveland Bent. xi-+-555 pp., 70 pls. May 8, 1942. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE U. 8S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM: VOLUME 28 Part 4. Plants collected by R. C. Ching in southern Mongolia and Kansu Province, China, by H. H. Walker.. xiii--675 pp., pls. 21-27. July 22, 1941. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The editorial work of the Bureau has continued under the immedi- ate direction of the editor, M. Helen Palmer. During the year there were issued 1 Annual Report and 3 Bulletins, as follows: 104. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1942 REPORT Fifty-eighth annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1940-1941. 13 pp. February 11, 1942. BULLETINS 129. An archeological survey of Pickwick Basin in the adjacent portions of the States of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee, by William S. Webb and David L. DeJarnette. With additions by Walter B. Jones, J. P. E. Mor- rison, Marshall 'T. Newman and Charles E. Snow, and William G. Haag. 536 pp., 316 pls., 99 figs. March 23, 1942. 130. [Archeological investigations at Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California, by Waldo R. Wedel. With appendix; Skeletal remains from the Buena Vista sites, California, by T. D. Stewart. 194 pp., 57 pls., 19 figs. July 14, 1941. 131. Peachtree Mound and village site, Cherokee County, North Carolina, by Frank M. Setzler and Jesse D. Jennings. With appendix, Skeletal remains from the Peachtree Site, North Carolina, by T. D. Stewart. 103 pp., 50 pls., 12 figs. October 9, 1941. PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY With funds supplied by John A. Roebling, the Astrophysical Observatory was able to publish volume 6 of the Annals. Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution, Vol- ume 6, by C. G. Abbot, L. B. Aldrich, and W. H. Hoover. viii+207 pp., 7 pls., 18 figs. (Publ. 8650.) April 24, 1942. REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The annual reports of the American Historical Association are transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided by the act of incorporation of the Association. The report for 1939 (Proceedings) was issued in October 1941. The following were in press at the close of the year: Report for 1936, volume 3 (‘“Instruc- tions of the British Foreign Secretaries to their envoys in the United States, 1791-1812”) ; report for 1937, volume 2 (Writings in American History, 1937, 1938) ; report for 1939, volume 1 (Proceedings) ; report for 1940; and report for 1941, volume 1, and volume 2 (Talleyrand in America as a financial promoter, 1794-96). REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The manuscript of the Forty-fourth Annual Report of the Na- tional Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans: mitted to Congress, in accordance with law, November 26, 1941. -REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 105 ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian Annual Reports to Congress and the various publications of the Gov- ernment bureaus under the administration of the Institution were virtually used up at the close of the year. The appropriation for the coming year ending June 30, 1943, totals $88,500, allotted as follows: : Sin ngomnena « Thastatimneion ss a $16, 000 DN eay tea © MERE IND aS UAT a aE TEAC 30 SIE NN a Reg 43, 000 Bureaulot American Hthnology. (ose eee 17, 480 National Collection of Fine Arts_________-___________ 500 i a yceyeraveahy copa vay) i) ehp:<(e) alkay) wey sks a Se 200 National Zoological) Park 2 os. tries ae ee ee 200 Astrophysical :Observatorys.——-- 2 500 American Historical Association_________________________ 10, 620 Lo 1 LE NP ea eg US A a aI 88, 500 Respectfully submitted. W. P. True, Chief, Editorial Division. Dr. C. G. Axsor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITH- SONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1942 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report. in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with a statement of the appropriations by Congress for whe Government bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution. SMITHSONIAN ENDOWMENT FUND The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s. 6d.—$508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim, freights, insurance, ete., together with payment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the amount of $550,000. Since the original bequest the Institution has received gifts from various. sources chiefly in the years prior to 1893, the income from which may be used for the general work of the Institution. To these gifts has been added capital from savings on income, gain from sale of securities, etc., and they now stand on the books of the Institution as follows: Avery, Robert S. and Lydia T., bequest fund___-____-_______ $51, 044. 98: Endowment fund, from gifts, income, ete___________--_____ 263, T48. 57 Abele Dr siSe Fees te vary le ae ee es 500. 00: Hachenberg, George P. and Caroline, bequest fund___---_~ 4, 001. 06. Hamilton, James, bequest fund______--___--__--______ 2, 901. 61 Henry, Caroline, bequest fund ____________ Ee ean, 8 1, 203. 20 Hodgkins, Thomas G., fund________-________-___-_________ 146, 067. 43: TE ca @ rn AU TN Ga SUI el CDI eg 728, 854: 50 Rhees, William Jones, bequest fund 20k e Hic aN 1, 050. 64 Sanford, George H., memorial fund_________________-____ 1, 985. 61 Witherspoon, Thomas A., memorial fund_____-_____________ 128,385. 77 SS ee eat AA Um haa Ne ee ee 1, 400. 00. Total endowment for general work of the Institution____ 1, 331, 153. 37 The Institution holds also a number of endowment gifts, the income of each being restricted to specific use. These are invested and stand on the hyeale of the Institution as follows: Abbott, William L., fund, bequest to the Institution-_______-_____ $103, 157. 88 Arthur, James, fund, income for investigations and study of the Sola Ghayel Weyon rns) pay wove) Sd 39, 787. 45 106 REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 107 Bacon, Virginia Purdy, fund, for a traveling scholarship to investi- gate fauna of countries other than the United States___________ $49, 842. 89 Baird, Lucy H., fund, for creating a memorial to Secretary. Baird__ 17, 538.76 Barstow, Frederic D., fund, for purchase of animals for the ACO GEMM eS ea Te Va TR REL te SP AE SYN AEN 756. 76 Canfield Collection fund, for increase and care of the Canfield collection of minerals________--___ REACT ANS feat GPA SU aN 38, 050. 18 Casey, Thomas L., fund, for maintenance of the Casey collection and promotion of researches relating to Coleoptera____________ 9, 124. 94 Chamberlain, Francis Lea, fund, for increase and promotion of Isaac Lea collection of gems and mollusks_ SENSEI Ta ae tse 28, 015. 52 Hillyer, Virgil, fund, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer collec- LO MeO fA TM SMO Wi COL Se eer eran NL ee ee a ee at 6, 538. 40: Hitchcock, Dr. Albert §8., Library fund, for care of Hitchcock Agrostological Library A. CHEE th a A ull is AST a 1, 418. 20 Hodgkins fund, specific, for increase and diffusion of more exact knowledge in regard to nature and properties of atmospheric FEV fas NL ag ee We ee pean eee Sie ahn ee TOO OOOKOO Hughes, Bruce, fund, to found Hughes alcove_____ iy pel 19, 642. 76 Myer, Catherine Walden, fund, for purchase of first-class works of art for the use of, and benefit of, the National Collection of Taine: TET Sa SS aa aA Se Sel AE ARSNGY iNOS aa ab aA)
-° SEPTEMBER 8, 1942. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, BOARD OF RBGENTS, BOL Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Sirs: Pursuant to agreement we have audited the accounts of the Smith- sonian Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942, and certify the balance of cash on hand, including Petty Cash Fund, June 30, 1942, to be $742,723.73. We have verified the record of receipts and disbursements maintained by the Institution and the agreement of the book balances with the bank balances. “We have examined all the securities in the custody of the Institution and in the custody of the banks and found them to agree with the book records. We have compared the stated income of such securities with the receipts of record and found them in agreement therewith. We have examined all vouchers covering disbursements for account of the Institution during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1942, together with the author- ity therefor, and have compared them with the Institution’s record of expenditures and found them to agree. We have examined and verified the accounts of the Institution with each trust fund. We found the books of account and records well and accurately kept and the securities conveniently filed and securely cared for. All information requested by your auditors was promptly and courteously furnished. We certify the Balance Sheet, in our opinion, correctly presents the financial condition of the Institution as at June 30, 1942. Respectfully submitted. WILLIAM L. YARGER, Certified Public Accountant. Respectfully submitted. Frepertc A. DELANO, VANNEVAR BusH, CLARENCE CANNON, - Haxecutive Committee. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES = SU pete oat