Division of Fishes U. $. Nationa a} RE SenIK 05 al i FEB i 2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ~ BINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS 1944 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _ -WASHINGTON, D. C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS HOR GEE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1944 (Publication 3809) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1945 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.-C. - Price 25 cents CONTENTS Page Hhist=ole Officials * * sal: he eel Les ee Se Bee ee Ne ee Vv Wie ntine a chivi Gies!Ofsbl © elms tte t Orne sees see at (eer ese yee eaten ae 2 Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution________ 4 FET 5: Wea VS Br i Gs ase se a pe eG Nd as ee Te 8 The Boardsot Regentse2. 22 se See thee eae es MENA SON NESEY Bante eS sae 9 CIM CES See sae aie eaters ENN we MSC aes Rah ga ON IE ea SI VSP ey 10 ED wie Hates bn eA te Ta 15 CUT a es Na A Sno es a as ee ee 10 J BADE on BUC @ee mca oy olka tera RU See a righ ere es el Ue Ue ae adore Soe re 11 jt Oey sh el ae ah ae tage ee A Nays PE eS eal Ns oe aie eee Re ee 12 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum______________ 13 2. Report on the National Gallery of Art_________-___________ 29 3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts__-_______ ines 59 4. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art__—_~_________ 44 5. Report on the Bureau of American Hthnology______________ 51 6. Report on the International Exchange Service______________ 59 7. Report on the National Zoological Park ____________________ 67 8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory__________________ 94 OF RREPoOLtyOme thre Silo wes y ae ee eee ce SS Ee eee 97 UGS IRA OORE Wir je HO Me ee ee 103 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents______________ 110 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1944 Presiding Officer ex officio —FRANKLIN D. RooSEvELT, President of the United States. Chancellor.—HArLAN F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States. Henry A. WALLACE, Vice President of the United States. HARLAN F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States. CORDELL HULL, Secretary of State. Henry MoRGENTHAU, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War. FRANCIS BippLe, Attorney General. FRANK C. WALKER, Postmaster General. JAMES V. FORRESTAL, Secretary of the Navy. HARoxLp L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior. CLAUDE R. WIcKARD, Secretary of Agriculture. JESSE H. JONES, Secretary of Commerce. FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: HARLAN F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. Henry A. WALLACE, Vice President of the United States. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Member of the Senate. BENNETT CHAMP CLARK, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. Foster STEARNS, Member of the House of Representatives. Hpwarp H. Cox, Member of the House of Representatives. FREDERIC A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C. ROLAND S. Morgis, citizen of Pennsylvania. Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey. ARTHUR H. CoMPTON, citizen of Illinois. VANNEVAR Busd, citizen of Washington, D. C. FREDERIC C. WALCOTT, citizen of Connecticut. Haecutive Committee.—F RrpERIC A. DELANO, VANNEVAR BUSH, CLARENCE CANNON. Secretary.— CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secretary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—HABRY W. DORSEY. Treasurer.—NIcHOoLAs W. DorRSsEY. Chief, editorial division.—WEBSTER P. TRUE. Librarian.—LeEILta FF’. CLARK. Personnel officer.—B. T. CARWITHEN. Property clerk.—JAMES H. HICLt. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Keeper ex officio. CHARLES G. ABBOT. Director.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Associate Director.—JoHN E. GRAF. VI | ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, chief preparator. Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; Waldo R. Wedel, associate curator; R. G. Paine, scientific aid ; J. Townsend Russell, honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology. Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator. Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator.* Collaborator in anthropology : George Grant MacCurdy. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY: Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist ; Aime M. Awl, illustrator. Division of Mammals: Remington Kellogg, curator; D. H. Johnson, associate curator* ; H. Harold Shamel, scientific aid; A. Brazier Howell, collaborator ; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate. : Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton eollec- tions; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Doris M. Cochran, associate curator. Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; EH. D. Reid, scientific aid. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; Hdward A. Chapin, curator; R. EH. Blackwelder, associate curator.* : Section of Hymenoptera: 8S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist- ant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian. Section of Myriapoda: O. I’. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. ; Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection. - Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian. Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; James O. Maloney, aid; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, collaborator; Max M. Hillis, collaborator; J. Perey Moore, collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collabo- rator in Foraminifera. Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, associate curator; Joseph P. EH. Morrison, assistant curator. Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, coliabo- rator. ‘ Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium): W. R. Maxon, curator; Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator; Emery C. Leonard, assistant curator; Conrad V. Morton, assistant curator; Egbert H. Walker, assistant curator; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collection. Section of Grasses: Agnes Chase, custodian. Section of Cryptogamic Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms: Paul S. Conger, associate curator. Associates in Zoology: Theodore S. Palmer, William B. Marshall, A. G. Boy- ing, W. K. Fisher, C. R. Shoemaker, E. A. Goldman. Associates in Botany: Henri Pittier, F. A. McClure. *Now on war duty. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY VII DEPARTMENT OF Biorocy—Continued. Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark. Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY : R. S. Bassler, head curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid. Diwision of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, curator; H. P. » Hender: son, associate curator; B. O. Reberholt, scientific aid; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Gustay A. Cooper, curator. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; J. B. Reeside, Jr., honorary custodian of Mesozoic collection ; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; C. Lewis Gazin, associate curator* ; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator. Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, S. H. Perry. Associate in Paleontology: T. W. Vaughan. Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross. DEPARTMENT OF HNGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES: Carl W. Mitman, head curator. Division of Engineering: Carl W. Mitman, head curator in charge; Frank A. Taylor, curator.* Section of ‘Transportation and Civil Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Aeronautics: Paul EH. Garber, associate curator,* F. C. Reed, acting associate curator. Section of Mechanical Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Electrical Engineering and Communications: Frank A Taylor, in charge.* Section of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering: Carl W. Mitman, in charge. Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of ‘Tools: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Division of Crufts and Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Elizabeth W. Rosson, assistant curator. Section of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Section of Weods and Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, associate curator. Section of Chemical Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Section of Agricultural Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Division of Medicine and Public Health: Charles Whitebread, associate curator. Division of Gruphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, associate curator. Division or History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, associate curator ; J. Russell Sirlouis, scientific aid; Catherine L. Manning, assistant curator (philately). ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Chief of correspondence and documents.—H. S. Bryant. Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L. E. COMMERFORD. =Now on war duty. VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Superintendent of buildings and labor.—l. L.. OLIVER. Assistant superiniendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR. Hditor.—Pavut H. OEHSER. Accountant and auditor.—N. W. DorsEyY. Photographer.—G. I. HIGHTOWER. Property Officer.—A. W. WILDING. Assistant librarian.—ELISABETH H. GaAzIN. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Trustees: ; THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES, Ohairman. THE SECRETARY OF STATE. THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Davin K. EH. Bruce. FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN PHILLIPS. SAMUEL H. Kress. CHESTER DALE. President.—DaAvip K. E. Bruce. Vice President.—FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. Secretary-Treasurer.—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Director.—Davip BH. FINLey. Administrator.—H. A. McBRIDE. General Counsel.—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Chief Curator.—JoHN WALKER. Assistant Director.—MacGILu JAMES. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Acting Director.—RUuEL P. ToLMAN. FREER GALLERY OF ART Director.—A. G. WENLEY. Assistant Director.—GRACE DUNHAM QUEST. Associate in research.—J. A. PorE. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief.—MATTHEW W. STIRLING. Senior ethnologists.—H. B. Coins, Jr., JoHN P. HARRINGTON, JOHN R. SwANTON. Senior archeologist.— FRANK H. H. Roperts, Jr. Senior anthropologist.—H. G. BARNETT. Senior ethnologist.—W. N. FENTON. Editor.—M. HELEN PALMER. Librarian.—MIniamM B. KetcHuM. Tllustrator.—EpwIn G. CASSEDY. INSTITUTE OF SociIAL ANTHROPOLOGY.—JULIAN H. StTewarpD, Director; ALFRED METRAUX, Assistant Director. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Secretary (in charge).—CHARLEs G, ABBOT. Acting Chief Clerk.—F. B. Gass. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY IX NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN. Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Division oF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH: Loyal B. Aldrich, assistant director; William H. Hoover, senior astrophysicist. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Earl S. Johnston, assistant director; Edward D. McAlister, senior physicist; Leland B. Clark, engineer (precision instruments) ; Robert L. Weintraub, associate biochemist ; Leonard Price, junior physicist (biophysics). REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION C. G. ABBOT FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1944 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. ‘The first 12 pages contain a summary ac- count of the affairs of the Institution; it will again be noted that many activities usually included in this section are missing, wartime con- ditions having forced their suspension. Appendixes 1 to 10 give more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the Na- tional Gallery of Art, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Inter- national Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, which now includes the divisions op astrophysical re- search and of radiation and organisms, the Smithsonian library, and of the publications issued under the direction of the Institution. On page 110 is the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents. Change in the Secretaryship.—This will be my last report, as on June 20, 1944, I addressed the following communication to the Board of Hesente: Having occupied the post of Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution since February 1928, and of Acting Secretary for one year prior to that, and having passed the age of 72 years, I wish to resign from that office, my resignation to take effect as of July 1, 1944. I feel that it would be quite unfair to the Institution to continue in this re- sponsible position when in the nature of things my capacity must gradually begin to decline. In tendering my resignation, I wish to express my gratitude to the Board for its kindly and helpful attitude, and: my desire to be of any service which the Board or my successor may feel disposed to suggest. Accordingly on July 1, 1944, I ceased to be Secretary of the In- stitution, and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Assistant Secretary, took over the duties of the position as Acting Secretary. I wish to record here publicly my appreciation of the unfailing helpfulness and support 1 2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 accorded to me by the staff of the Institution, and to bespeak for my successor and for the Institution their continued loyalty and devoted service. WARTIME ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTION During another full year of war, the Institution again utilized its capabilities to the fullest extent in aiding the Army and Navy and the various war agencies. Its normal peacetime research and exploration program was largely abandoned except for those projects designed to promote better cultural relations with the other American re- publics, and its publications were restricted almost entirely to papers having a bearing on the war or on the other Americas. To visitors to the Institution, these changes would not be apparent, as its visible features—museums and art galleries—have continued to operate on full schedule. In fact, hours of opening have been expanded to in- clude Sundays for the benefit of the large numbers of service per- sonnel stationed around Washington and passing through. But the time of the staff—aside from necessary curatorial work and the recording of observations the cessation of which would result in gaps in the scientific record—has been devoted largely to furnishing tech- nical information and assistance urgently needed by Army, Navy, and war agencies. Strategic information to Army and Navy.—The scientific staff of the Institution and its branches includes specialists in many branches of biology, geology, anthropology, astrophysics, engineering, and technology, and these scientists have been called upon constantly since Pearl Harbor to answer questions confronting Army and Navy officials. ‘The present war, covering as it does widely scattered regions of the earth, many of them little known to Americans, has required the assembling of large amounts of data on the peoples, geography, disease-harboring insects, animals and plants, and other features of these far-flung regions. The Smithsonian Institution has been able to furnish, both directly and through the Ethnogeographic Board, described below, replies to hundreds of urgent questions of this nature, and some staff members have been in almost constant con- sultation with Army and Navy officials. Furthermore, a number of war-connected research projects have been assigned to the Institution, and its laboratory facilities have been utilized from time to time for Army and Navy investigations. Ethnogeographic Board.—As stated in my last report, the Ethno- geographic Board is a nongovernmental agency, set up jointly by the Smithsonian Institution, the National Research Council, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Social Science Re- search Council, to serve as a clearinghouse between the Army, Navy, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3 and war agencies on the one hand, and the scientific and educational institutions of the Nation on the other. Many urgent reports and items of strategic information have been furnished by the Board prin- cipally on the peoples, geography, and related features of war areas. The offices of the Board are in the Smithsonian building, and three members of the Institution’s staff were assigned to assist the Director, Dr. William Duncan Strong. The Army and Navy found the ser- vices of the Board so useful that each appointed liaison officers to facilitate contact. The Board plans to continue in operation as long as needed during the coming fiscal year. Inter-American Cooperation —Through invitation by other agen- cies and through its own initiative, the Institution engaged in a number of activities designed to promote better cultural relations with the other American republics. Work on the monumental Handbook of South American Indians, under the editorship of Dr. Julian H. Steward, was advanced materially. Volume 1, “The Marginal Tribes,” and volume 2, “The Andean Civilizations,” went to the printer toward the close of the fiscal year, and the manuscripts of volumes 3 and 4 were well on toward completion. The editorial work on this project is financed by the State Department, and the printing costs will be borne by the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, as the Handbook will appear in the Bureau’s Bulletin series. In September 1943 Dr. Steward was appointed Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomous unit of the Bureau of American Ethnology reporting to the Secretary, created to carry out cooperative training in anthropological teaching and research with the other American republics as part of the program of the Interdepartmental Committee for Cooperation with the American Republics. The work of the Institute in Mexico was begun in co- operation with the Escuela Nacional de Antropologia of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, and plans were pending for work in several other American republics. Dr. Steward also served on the Temporary Organizing Committee of the Inter-American Society of Anthropology and Geography, which had been started on his initiative during the previous year. Dr. Ralph L. Beals served as secretary of the committee and editor of the quarterly journal of the Society, Acta Americana. Paid membership in the Society from all parts of the Americas reached a total of 800. A valuable biological project is the publication by the Institution of a “Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America,” by Dr. R. E. Blackwelder. No list of this important insect group now exists, and entomologists of all the Americas will find it indispensable in future researches. The 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 first and second parts appeared in Bee during the year, and the third part was in press. A number of scientists on the Institution’s staff made trips to other American republics during the year in the furtherance of cooperative scientific projects in biology, geology, and anthropology. Other wartime activities—As stated above, for the benefit of mili- tary and naval personnel and war workers the Smithsonian and National Museum buildings have again been kept open all day on Sun- days. To accomplish this with available funds, it was necessary to have the buildings closed on Monday mornings. Sunday Museum tours for service personnel were arranged in the Natural History building through cooperation with the U. 8. O. A Field Collector’s Manual in Natural History was published and distributed free on request to Army and Navy personnel. One thousand copies each were turned over to the Army and Navy for distribution through their own channels, W ar Committee.—The Smithsonian War Committee appointed early in 1941, after canvassing fully all the possibilities of increasing the Institution’s usefulness in the war and embodying the results of this study in recommendation for action, felt that its function was fulfilled and asked that it be dissolved. In assenting to the dissolution of the committee, I wrote to the chairman, C. W. Mitman, as follows: I beg to express, for myself and on behalf of the Institution, a deep sense of the value of the work of the committee in these several years, and the feeling that those of its recommendations which have been carried through cannot but have been very helpful to the war effort. SUMMARY OF THE YHAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THH BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION National Museum.—Again this year the time of the scientific staff has been largely occupied with conferences on war problems with Army, Navy, and war agency officials and with furnishing technical information on requests to military and naval organizations. The Museum buildings have again been kept open all day on Sundays for the benefit of service personnel, and Sunday Museum tours were ar- ranged for them in cooperation with the U. S. O. New accessions for the year totaled 239,640 specimens, an increase of more than 9,000 over last year. Among the outstanding additions to the col- lections were the following: In anthropology, an important lot of material from Indian sites on DeSoto’s route through the south- eastern United States in 1539-42, a collection pertaining to the Huichol Indians of northern Jalisco, Mexico, and an assemblage of Moro and Indonesian brasses and Philippine metalwork presented to the Tafts during their residence in the Philippines; in biology, 2,000 mammal specimens from Colombia collected by Philip Hershkovitz, a bird REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5 collection from the same country numbering 3,281 specimens, more than 10,000 mosquito specimens from the sanitary and medical corps of the armed forces, a molluscan collection of 51,000 Jamaican Neri- tidae, the valuable Chickering herbarium of 10,550 plant specimens, and the Albert Mann diatom collection, which with the other material on hand in this field makes the Museum diatom collection one of the most important in the world; in geology, a number of important gems and minerals obtained through the Roebling, Chamberlain, and Can- field funds, 7 new meteorites, 6 of them undescribed falls, and 500 specimens of rare Paleozoic fossils collected by the curator during field work in Mexico; in engineering, a jeep, the prototype of these vehicles made famous by World War II, and a Winton automobile of 1903, the first automobile to be driven across the United States; in history, a number of Army and Navy medals and decorations of types estab- lished during the present war. The few expeditions that were in the field during the year were related directly or indirectly to the war. Visitors for the year numbered 1,532,765, an increase of 177,496 over last year; approximately 40 percent were service personnel. The Museum published an Annual Report, 3 Bulletins, 1 Contribution from the National Herbarium, and 14 Proceedings papers. Staff changes included the loss by death of the curator of invertebrate paleontology, Dr. Charles E. Resser; Dr. G. Arthur Cooper was appointed curator to succeed him. National Gallery of Art.—Visitors to the Gallery totaled 2,060,071 for the year, the largest attendance since its opening. Thirty percent of the visitors were men and women in the armed services. Features — of particular interest to service personnel were the Servicemen’s Room, which provides a place of relaxation for them, the Sunday evening concerts, and the special exhibitions. The Board of ‘Trustees was directed by the Treasury Department to assume custodianship of all works of art and exhibition material sent to this country for various exhibitions by the former French Government, and several officers of the Gallery were appointed to serve as officers of the American Com- mission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Mon- uments in War Areas, the headquarters of which are located in the Gallery building. In March 1944, at the request of the State De- partment, the Gallery established the Inter-American Office to act as the official Government clearinghouse for the exchange of informa- tion concerning art activites in the American republics. The Gallery accepted a number of gifts of paintings, prints, and drawings, in- cluding 8 paintings and 196 prints and drawings from Lessing J. Rosenwald. Among the 18 special exhibitions held during the year were a number relating to war subjects. More than 72,000 people attended the various programs conducted by the Gallery’s educational 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 department; these included Gallery tours, discussions of the “Picture of the Week,” and lectures on special topics. National Collection of Fine Arts—The annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was again omitted because of war con- ditions. The Commission lost one member by death—Dr. Frederick P. Keppel, a member since 1932. Four miniatures were acquired through the Catherine Walden Myer fund. Several proffered gifts of art works are being held for action of the Art Commission at its next meeting. A number of paintings and other art works have been ac- cepted by the National Collection as loans; other paintings and miniatures belonging to the Collection have been lent to museums and art galleries, mostly for special exhibitions. Only one painting was purchased from the Henry Ward Ranger fund, “Fifteenth Century French Madonna and Child,” by Harry W. Watrous. Hight special exhibitions were held during the year, as follows: Oil paintings and other art works by Ceferino Palencia, of Mexico; water colors of Mexico by Walter B. Swan, of Omaha, Nebr.; miniatures by 52 artists of the Pennsylvania Society of Miniature Painters; water colors and block prints by Ralph H. Avery, United States Navy; paintings by John Mix Stanley, Jane C. Stanley, and Alice Stanley Acheson; paint- ings and other art works by the National League of American Pen Women; “Portraits of Leading American Negro Citizens,” by Mrs. Laura Wheeler Waring, of Philadelphia, and Mrs. Betsy Graves Reyneau, of Washington; and mural paintings from the caves of India and other paintings of India by Sarkis Katchadourian, of New York City. Freer Gallery of Art.—Additions to the collections included Chinese bronzes, ceramics, jade, and painting; Japanese lacquer and painting; and one Armenian manuscript. Much of the time of the staff was de- voted to war work for several Government agencies, including Jap- anese translations, compilation of a glossary of Chinese geographical and topograhpical terms, and the examination of Japanese documents. The Director attended a meeting in New York of the Committee of the American Council of Learned Societies on Protection of Cultural Treasures in War Areas. Visitors to the Gallery totaled 62,462 for the year. Fifteen groups received instruction by staff members. Bureau of American Ethnology. Emphasis on activities concerned with Latin America has continued during the year. Dr. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, directed the Sixth National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution expedition to Mexico, locating sev- eral new archeological sites in southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. Dr. J. R. Swanton read the proof of his extensive work on “The Indians of the Southeastern United States,” and completed a manuscript on the much discussed Norse expeditions to America. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 7 Dr. Swanton retired at the end of the year after 44 years of service. In continuation of his studies of Indian languages, Dr. J. P. Harring- ton discovered evidence that the two South American languages Quechua and Aymara are related to the Hokan of western North America, the first time a linguistic relationship between North and South America has been indicated. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., in- vestigated a prehistoric Indian burial near Abilene, Tex., his studies indicating that the burial was made about 10,000 years ago. Dr. Roberts also assembled and edited a manual, “Survival on Land and Sea,” which was prepared for the Navy by the Ethnogeographic Board and the staff of the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. J. H. Steward continued work on the Handbook of South American Indians. He was appointed Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomous unit of the Bureau reporting to the Secretary, on September 1, 1943. Dr. Alfred Métraux, of the Bureau staff, was ap- pointed Assistant Director of the above Institute on September 18, 1943. Dr. H. B. Collins, Jr., served as Assistant Director of the dthnogeographic Board, conducting researches connected with regional and other information requested by the Army, Navy, and war agencies. Dr. W. N. Fenton served as research associate of the Board and participated in a survey of area and language teaching in the Army Specialized Training Program and the Civil Affairs Training Schools in American universities and colleges. Dr. H. G. Barnett, who joined the Bureau staff in December 1943, served as executive secretary of a committee formed under the sponsorship of the Ethnogeographic Board for the purpose of assembling data upon the existing state of our scientific knowledge of the Pacific island area. Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the Bureau completed a manuscript on “Omaha Music.” The Bureau published its Annual Report and six Bulletins during the year. international Huchanges—The International Exchange Service acts as the official agency of the United States Government for the interchange of governmental and scientific publications between this country and all other countries. The total number of packages of such material handled during the fiscal year was 407,764, weighing 243,180 pounds. Shipments to foreign countries continued to be greatly curtailed by war conditions. All countries in the Western Hemisphere received shipments as usual, but in the Eastern Hemi- sphere, the only countries to which shipments could be made were Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Portugal, the U. S. S. R., Union of South Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand. In normal times 93 sets of United States official publications are sent abroad through the Exchange Service. At present, however, only 58 sets can be sent, the other 35 sets being held until after the war. 661718—45——2 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 National Zoological Park—tIn spite of expected difficulties in obtaining food and supplies and those resulting from manpower shortages, the Park and the animal collection were maintained in good condition and continued to be used and appreciated by large numbers of visitors. The total for the year reached 1,803,532, including a large proportion of service personnel. Many requests for information on biological problems were received from the Army and Navy and other Government agencies, and numerous schools and medical and other groups came to study the collections. Very few animals could be obtained by purchase, but a number of desirable specimens were | received by exchange and as gifts from Army personnel and others interested in the Park. Births and hatchings at the Park totaled 73 mammals, 180 birds, and 126 reptiles. Losses by death included the African rhinoceros, the maned wolf, and other animals, birds, and reptiles, including a large python that measured well over 25 feet in length and weighed 305 pounds. At the close of the year the col- lection totaled 2,626 animals representing 696 species and subspecies. Astrophysical Observatory.—Iin the division of astrophysical re- search, secret war research problems occupied most of the time of two members of the staff; the other members were engaged in reducing and determining the statistical correction for the solar-constant work of the three Smithsonian observing stations at Montezuma, Chile, Table Mountain, Calif., and Tyrone, N. Mex., since 1939. Most of the Director’s work consisted in the study of solar-constant variation and associated solar changes in connection with the weather, resulting in the publication of a paper entitled “Weather Predetermined by Solar Variation.” As unusual weather conditions are expected dur- ing the coming year following a predicted depression of the solar con- stant, every effort was made to keep the three observing stations in’ operation. In spite of manpower shortages, this was accomplished by the assistance of the wives of the field directors in observing and computing. In the division of radiation and organisms, the staff was occupied mainly with war research projects. THE BSTABLISHMENT The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of Eng- land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowl- edge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the President, the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 0) Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the Beads of the executive departments.” THE BOARD OF REGENTS The Board suffered the loss by death of one member, Senator Charles L. McNary, of Oregon, who died on February 25,1944. He had served as a Senatorial regent since January 238, 1935. The roll of regents during the fiscal year was as follows: Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor; Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States; members from the Senate—Alben W. Barkley, Bennett Champ Clark; members from the House of Representatives—Clarence Cannon, Foster Stearns, Ed- ward E. Cox; citizen members—Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; Roland S. Morris, Pennsylvania; Harvey N. Davis, New Jersey; Arthur H. Compton, Illinois; Vannevar Bush, Washington, D. C.; and Frederic C. Walcott, Connecticut. Proceedings.—The annual meeting of the Board of Regents was held on January 14, 1944. The regents present were Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, Chancellor; Vice President Henry A. Wallace; Representa- tives Clarence Cannon, Foster Stearns, and Edward E. Cox; citizen regents Frederic A. Delano, Roland S. Morris, Harvey N. Davis, Arthur H. Compton, and Vannevar Bush; and the Secretary, Dr. Charles G. Abbot. The Secretary presented his sinridal report covering the activities of the parent Institution and ot the several Government branches, and including the financial report of the executive committee, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1943, which was accepted by the Board. The usual resolution authorizing the expenditure by the Secretary of the income -of the Institution for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945, was adopted by the Board. The Secretary stated that in order that the employees paid from Smithsonian funds might share the same liberalized retirement ad- vantages as the Government-paid employees in the Institution, a bill covering this matter (S. 1558) had been introduced by Senator Bark- ley and referred to the Senate Committee on the Civil Service. Owing to the exigencies of wartime travel, the annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission, usually held in December, was again omitted. “The Board formally ratified certain resolutions adopted by a mail vote authorizing the Secretary to execute an indenture dated March 31, 1943, by Samuel H. Kress and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation modifying and amending an indenture dated June 29, 1939, by the same parties, and further authorizing the Secretary to accept the offer of additional art objects by these parties for the collections of the National Gallery of Art. 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 A resolution was adopted providing for the appointment of com- mittees to handle matters connected with the proposed celebration in 1946 of the centenary of the founding of the Institution. In his special report the Secretary outlined to the regents some of the more important wartime activities carried on by the Institution and its several branches. FINANCES A statement on finances will be found in the report of the execu- tive committee of the Board of Regents, page 110. TWELFTH ARTHUR LECTURE Under the terms of the will of the late James Arthur, of New York, the Smithsonian Institution received in 1931 a fund, part of the income from which should be used for an annual lecture on some aspect of the science of the sun. The twelfth Arthur lecture was given by Secretary C. G. Abbot on February 29, 1944, under the title “Solar Variation and Weather.” The lecture will be published with illustrations in the Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1944. The 11 previous Arthur lectures have been as follows: 1. The Composition of the Sun, by Henry Norris Russell, professor of astronomy at Princeton University. January 27, 1982. 2. Gravitation in the Solar System, by Ernest William Brown, professor of mathematics at Yale University. January 25, 1933. 3. How the Sun Warms the Earth, by Charles G. Abbot, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. February 26, 1934. 4, The Sun’s Place among the Stars, by Walter S. Adams, director of the Mount Wilson Observatory. December 18, 1934. 5. Sun Rays and Plant Life, by Earl S. Johnston, assistant director of the division of radiation and organisms, Smithsonian Institution. February 25, 19386. 6. Discoveries from Eclipse Expeditions, by Samuel Alfred Mitchell, di- rector of the Leander McCormick Observatory, eee of Vir- : ginia. February 9, 1937. 7. The Sun and the Atmosphere, by Harlan True Stetson, research asso- ciate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. February 24, 1988. 8. Sun Worship, by Herbert J. Spinden, curator of American Indian Art and Primitive Culture, Brooklyn Museums. February 21, 1939. 9. Solar Prominences in Motion, by Robert R. McMath, director of the McMath-Hulbert Observatory of the University of Michigan. Janu- ary 16, 1940. 10. Biological Effects of Solar Radiation on Higher Animals and Man, by Brian O’Brien, professor of Physiological Optics, University of Rochester. February 25, 1941. 11. The Sun and the Earth’s Magnetic Field, by John A. Fleming, Depart- ment of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington. February 26, 1942. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 PUBLICATIONS The Institution’s publication program has again emphasized ma- terial pertaining to the war or to Latin America as a part of its endeavor to make every phase of its activities serve a useful wartime purpose. The papers in the series Smithsonian War Background Studies continued to be in great demand, particularly from Army and Navy organizations and personnel. Seven numbers were issued during the year—Nos. 13 to 18—and No. 20, on China, appeared soon after the close of the year. A list of these, as well as other publications of the year, will be found in appendix 10. The demand for the War Back- ground papers continued to increase until it became necessary to make a charge for copies requested by civilians and for large lots of copies ordered by service organizations, while continuing the free service distribution of single copies and small lots. Soon after the close of the year the total number of copies of Nos. 1-20 printed by the Institution had reached 203,500, and 211,525 additional copies have been ordered for the Army and Navy, a grand total of nearly half a million books. A pocket-size field collectors’ manual was published with the aim of providing a worth-while activity for service personnel stationed in areas not actually in the fighting zones. The manual gives detailed directions for preparing, preserving, and packing specimens of animals, plants, and minerals. This book also is given free to service personnel and sold to civilians. In the Miscellaneous Collections series, a paper intended chiefly for the use of medical officers was issued under the title ‘““The Feeding Apparatus of Biting and Disease-carrying Flies: A Wartime Con- tribution to Medical Entomology,” by R. E. Snodgrass. Several ‘hundred copies were made available to Army and Navy medical per- sonnel. Also for use in connection with wartime medical problems in the Pacific theater, it was necessary to reprint an edition of a previous paper, “Molluscan Intermediate Hosts of the Asiatic Blood Fluke, Schistosoma japonicum, and Species Confused with Them,” by Paul Bartsch. Many papers in all series of Smithsonian publications dealt with studies in biology and anthropology of the other American republics, as a part of the Government’s program of improving cultural rela- tions between the Americas. In the Miscellaneous Collections a sur- vey of existing archeological knowledge of the Andean region ap- peared under the title “Cross Sections of New World Prehistory: A Brief Report on the Work of the Institute of Andean Research, 1941- 1942,” by William Duncan Strong. The Smithsonian Annual Report included a comprehensive paper on the “Past and Present Status of the Marine Mammals of South America and the West Indies,” by 12. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Remington Kellogg. National Museum publications included a num- ber of Proceedings papers on various phases of biology in Latin America and a Bulletin entitled “Checklist of the Coleopterous In- sects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South Amer- ica,” parts 1 and 2, by Richard KE. Blackwelder. This last will be an essential tool for all future entomological work in Latin America. In the series Contributions from the United States National Her-_ barium appeared “Taxonomic Studies of Tropical American Plants,” by C. V. Morton. The Bureau of American Ethnology published four Bulletins on the archeology of Mexico, among them one entitled “Stone Monuments of Southern Mexico,” by Matthew W. Stirling. The total number of publications issued during the year was 67, and 172,027 copies of the various series were distributed. LIBRARY The Smithsonian library has been increasingly used by the Army, Navy, and war agencies. In the Museum branch library alone, 520 requests for information from these sources were recorded. The branch libraries of the Bureau of American Ethnology and the Astro- physical Observatory were also frequently called upon, and the staff of the Ethnogeographic Board used all the branch libraries in search of material needed to aid the armed services and war agencies. Through the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian library is co- operating with the American Library Association in collecting material to aid libraries in war areas. The gradual decline in the receipt of publications from abroad has continued, but domestic scientific series showed very little decline. Changes in library procedure shortened the interval between the receipt of new publications and their avail- ability for use. Statistics of the year’s activities show 194 new exchanges arranged, 4,422 “wants” received, 6,673 volumes and pam- phlets cataloged, 11,360 books and periodicals loaned, and 1,683 vol- umes sent to the bindery. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Anpor, Secretary. APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con- dition and operation of the National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. Pe cpriarions for the maintenance and opeeiion of the National Museum for the year totaled $929,999, which was $37,369 more than for the previous year. THE MUSEUM IN WARTIME Visitors during the year numbered 1,532,765, an increase of 177,496 over those of the previous fiscal year; approximately 40 percent of all visitors were men and women in uniform. Although the possibility of enemy attack on Washington became steadily less, measures for safeguard of visitors, collections, and build- ings were continued in force. The air-raid defense organization re- mained in operation under the direction of the general defense co- ordinator, F. M. Setzler, head curator of anthropology. Collections removed from the buildings as a precaution against enemy attack were inspected regularly, and careful guard was maintained over them. As aresult of a recommendation by the Smithsonian War Committee a free guide service through the National Museum for members of the armed forces was arranged through the U.S. O. groups of Wash- ington. Under the direction of F. M. Setzler a route was estab- lished within the Natural History building and a script was pre- pared describing the exhibits selected for the tour. Classes for in- structing the volunteer hostesses were held on Sunday afternoons from August 22 to October 17, 1948, and during February 1944. On October 24 the first U. S. O. guide service for men and women in uniform was inaugurated. Tours were conducted each Sunday at 15-minute intervals from 11 a. m. to 3:30 p. m. Each tour required approximately 45 minutes. From October 24, 1948, to June 25, 1944, 5,325 military visitors were escorted through the paride: Geedin for the success of this service is due to the excellent cooperation of U. S. O. headquarters, to the chairman and head receptionist, Miss Margaret Bledsoe, and to other U. S. O. hostesses. 13 14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Requests for information from the various war agencies continued to come to the staff during the year, and numerous war services were rendered by most of the laboratories and by many individuals on the staff. Dr. Remington Kellogg, curator of mammals, served as chairman of the American delegation at the International Conference on the Regulation of Whaling in London during January 1944. At the request of the National Research Council, Dr. Kellogg prepared text, keys, distribution maps, and illustrations of monkeys known to be susceptible to infection by malarial parasites to aid in studies of malaria in man. Other services provided by the personnel of the division of mammals to officers of special Army and Navy units and other agencies concerned with the war included the furnishing of information relative to the distribution and identification of mam- mals involved in the transmission of diseases. Herbert G. Deignan, associate curator of birds, assisted in work on maps and on geographic names of the Far East and in a compilation of literature dealing with parts of that area. Dr. Doris Cochran, associate curator of reptiles and amphibians, assisted the Surgeon General’s Office in the prepara- tion of lists of Asiatic reptiles. Personnel of the division of fishes furnished information in response to numerous inquiries relative to dangerous, poisonous, and useful fishes, methods of fishing, sound- making fishes, and emergency fishing equipment. Many identifica- tions were made in the division of insects, particularly of mosquitoes, mites, and ectoparasites, and information was supplied on the habits of these forms, at the request of the Army and Navy. About 1,200 specimens of insects and Acarina were specially mounted on pins and approximately 450 slide mounts were made for use in Army and Navy training centers throughout the country in training programs in which health problems are involved. In addition, nearly 200 officers assigned to malaria survey or control units, or to similar activities, received instructions or other help from personnel of the division, and information on the disease-bearing insects of specific foreign areas was furnished the Division of Medical Intelligence of the Surgeon General’s Office. At the request of the National Research Council, Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, served as a member of a com- mittee charged with the preparation of a list of helminth parasites of the Southwest Pacific and their intermediate hosts. Dr. E. H. Walker, assistant curator of plants, prepared an account of the emergency food plants of the Tropics. Paul 8. Conger, associate curator of the _ section of diatoms, studied samples of material! involved in the fouling of ships, mines, and other marine structures. He likewise prepared a bibliography of literature concerning the value of plankton as food. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 15 Services of the department of anthropology dealt with a wide variety of subjects relating to people in the Caribbean islands, Pacific and Indonesian areas, Oceania, Micronesia, Burma, Japan, China, the Philippine Islands, Central America, Europe, and Africa. The in- formation furnished included suggestions for Tropical and Arctic clothing, and footgear for aviators, water supply, population, primi- tive weapons, house types, degree of western influence, physical char- acteristics, and leather products. ‘The collections of the division were used in a study of the resources of particular strategic geographical areas with a view to conservation of shipping space. Dr. T. Dale Stewart was granted a 6-month furlough to teach anatomy to Army and Navy medical students at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, associate curator of archeology, was detailed for special services to the Military Plan- ning Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, War Department, from September 1943 to March 1944. The division of physical anthropology supplied the Office of Strategic Services with photo- graphs of various eastern physical types. It also supplied detailed data on average body weights of Europeans and various peoples of the Far East to the Office of the Quartermaster General. Tn the department of geology, two members of the staff, in coopera- . tion with the Geological Institute of Mexico, have continued field studies in the economic geology of that country as a part of the war effort. Curator W. F. Foshag spent the year on detail from the Museum in a continuation of the supervision of surveys for strategic minerals in Mexico. Dr. G. A. Cooper, similarly, spent 3 months in the field in Sonora concluding studies begun last year on the stratified rocks. The results, soon to be published, will be useful in the location of new mineral areas. Dr. Cooper also concluded field work on the project dealing with the subsurface geology of the Devonian rocks of Illinois, obtaining information for use in the oil development of that and neighboring States. Members of the geological staff in the home office have been more occupied than ever before in furnishing information to the various war agencies. These services have included such diverse items as the preparation of analyses, assisting in selecting and grading calcite for the War Production and other Boards, editing a scientific volume for an allied country, and furnishing information of all kinds to an ever- increasing number of service men and women visiting the Museum. Other services, especially from the department of engineering and industries, have included the following: Construction of two demonstration models of new ordnance devices for the National Inventors’ Council; transfer of a series of model 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 buildings to the War Department, Corps of Engineers, Camouflage Section; information on revolving airfoils. to the Technical Data ~ Laboratory, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio; furnishing photographs for Navy training films; iWon Homo of ponds. also information on — properties and uses of spouts for Navy Daperment War Production — Board, Foréign Economic Administration, and Inter-American De- velopment Commission; methods of preserving specimens of dehy- drated foods for War Food Administration; advice on disposition of hemp produced in Kentucky to Commodity Credit Corporation ; assistance in drawing up contract specifications involving a true lock- stitch in sewing safety seams, to United States Maritime Commission ; suitability of palmyra fiber as a substitute for rattan for stiff brushes to the Navy Department; and aid in the training of document in- spectors of Federal Bureau of Investigation in identification of various printing processes. COLLECTIONS Accessions, for the year numbered 1,159 separate lots, totaling 239,640 specimens. This was an increase over those received last year of 9,409 specimens, but a decrease of 18 in the number of accessions. ‘Specimens were accessioned by the five departments as follows: An- thropology, 852; biology, 229,546; geology, 3,466; engineering and . industries, 1,888; history, 4,388. Most of the accessions were gifts from individuals or specimens transferred from other Government agencies. The more important of these are summarized below. Catalog entries in all departments now total 18,098,775. Anthropology.—The division of archeology received an important gift of 115 lots of potsherds and other materials from various Indian sites, many of which are on or near the presumed route of De Soto’s expedition of 1539-42 through the southeastern United States. Two gold-and-silver book ends, reflecting the Tiahuanacan style of archi- tecture and sculpture, were presented by Vice President Henry A. Wallace, who received them as gifts from the Chamber of Commerce in Bolivia, on the occasion of his visit to La Paz. The division of ethnology was presented with a documented collection (159 speci- mens) pertaining to the Huichol Indians of northern Jalisco. Two other important collections received by the division were 26 oil por- traits of Navaho, Apache, and Pueblo Indians of Arizona and New Mexico, painted by Carl Moon, and an assemblage of excellent ex- amples of Moro and Indonesian brasses and Philippine metalwork, which had been presented to the late President and Mrs. William Howard Taft, during their residence in the Philippines. Biology.—The largest single collection received by the division of mammals in the past 25 years consisted of about 2,400 specimens from REPORT OF THE SECRETARY bye Colombia, collected by Philip Hershkovitz during his tenure of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution. From the Fish and Wildlife Service came by transfer the year’s second-largest mammalian accession, 624 mammals from various North American localities. A beaked whale foetus, about 7 feet long, the largest in the National collections, is also notable. As in the division of mammals, the largest accession of the year to the division of birds came from Colombia. This collection com- prised 3,281 specimens, sufficient to give the Museum a reasonably complete representation of the bird life of northeastern Colombia. A smaller avian collection, 85 specimens, also from Colombia, repre- sents localities not included in the larger collection first mentioned. Another collection included 20 species of birds hitherto unrepresented in the study series. As a result of exchanges with other institutions, several species of reptiles and amphibians hitherto unrepresented or poorly repre- sented in the Museum have been added to the collections. Specimens from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Jamaica, and Hon- duras were received, and 60 turtles, lizards, snakes, and frogs were contributed by Philip Hershkovitz, through the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship. Exchanges consummated during the year brought much valuable material, including 821 cotypes, to the division of fishes. Smaller ichthyological collections, received as gifts, also included type ma- terial and some specimens from type localities not previously repre- sented in the National collections. The vital and significant role played by entomology and entomol- ogists in the war is reflected in the host of mosquitoes and mosquito larvae received from the sanitary and medical corps of the armed forces—more than 10,000 specimens. About 67,000 bees, butterflies, and insects, including some holotype and paratype material, came as gifts and by transfer from other Government departments. Seven of the year’s accessions in the division of marine invertebrates included type material. Especially noteworthy is the fact that dur- ing the past year seven accessions, totaling 2,380 specimens, many of them rare, were collected and donated to the Museum by men in the armed forces. The collection of Mexican land shells in the division of mollusks was materially enhanced by three gifts, totaling 1,490 specimens. The largest known single collection of Jamaican representatives of the molluscan family Neritidae, consisting of 51,000 specimens and ac- companying 850 microscopic slides, came as a gift. Several valuable accessions in the form of types and cotypes came to the helminthological collections as gifts. These included species of 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 the genera Ochoterenella, Choledocystus, Choricotyle, Diphylloboth- rium, Hexostoma, Cyclocotyla, and FRaillietina. Among the 89 echinoderms accessioned were 6 undescribed species, 6 paratypes of new ophiurans, and 2 interesting abnormal starfishes. Outstanding among the 36,240 plants received during the year was the Chickering herbarium of approximately 10,550 specimens. ‘This herbarium, formed by the late John White Chickering, Jr., is a valu- able addition as it includes material of historical importance from collections not at all or scantily represented previously. Also in- cluded are numerous specimens from the District of Columbia, of which many were collected in plant habitats now destroyed. Most of the smaller collections received came from South American or West Indian localities. Of special importance among these were about 2,500 specimens of bamboos, including an unusually good repre- sentation of vegetative structures important to the field identification of the bamboos. The Albert Mann diatom collection, consisting of approximately 8,000 slides of mounted specimens, more than 10,000 samples of crude diatom material, and over 200 negatives and 300 lantern slides, trans- ferred from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, was formally accessioned during the year. In combination with the other material this makes the Museum collection of diatoms one of the most im- portant in the world. Geology.—Income from the Roebling fund, provided for the pur- chase of important gems and minerals, was used to procure 31 gem stones of rare quality and high exhibition value and 2 mineral acces- sions, consisting of 4 unusually formed quartz crystals and 8 trans- parent colorless scheelites. A beautiful pink Brazilian topaz of 34.1 carats was acquired through the Frances Lea Chamberlain fund, and the Canfield endowment fund provided two specimens of libethenite and a covellite. Several important single accessions came as the result of the associate curator’s efforts to interest people in making collec- tions for the Museum. By transfer from another Government de- partment the division of mineralogy and petrology received specimens of weinschenite (yttrium phosphate), representing the first occurrence of this rare mineral in the United States. Seven new meteorites were added to the collection, six of them being undescribed falls. The largest addition to the ore collection consisted of a series of manganese and chromium ores from world-wide foreign deposits. The most important new material received by the division of in- vertebrate paleontology and paleobotany consisted of 500 specimens of- rare Paleozoic fossils collected by the curator during his field work in northwestern Sonora, Mexico. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19 Plaster casts of type fossils today have great scientific value, in view of the destruction taking place in foreign museums. Such a cast, an important English Carboniferous crinoid, the holotype and only specimen of which was in the ill-fated Bristol Museum, was received as a gift. Numerous types and holotypes of foraminifers, bryozoans, mollusks, echinoids, cephalopods, and corals were welcome additions to the collection. Important among the acquisitions of specimens of fossil vertebrates was a composite skeleton of an extinct antelope, as well as casts of the following: Complete skull of a curious three-horned antelope; type specimen of a flying reptile; and skeleton of a rare Triassic armored reptile. The ichnite collection was en- riched by nine slabs containing the trails of Paramphibius didactylus, once considered a vertebrate animal but now regarded as a horseshoe erab. Engineering and industries—From the standpoints of historical merit and of popular appeal first honors among the acquisitions of the year in this department are bestowed upon two automobiles. One of these isa U. S. Army 14-ton,4 x 4 truck, one of the first lot of 62 of these vehicles built in 1940, and the prototype of these vehicles made famous by World War II. The other is a Winton, 1903, the first automobile to be driven across the United States, a trip that re- quired 63 days on the road. Outstanding among the gifts to the watercraft collection was an original kerosene-burning brass bulk- head lantern of the first S. S. Mauretania, 1907-87, presented by Presi- dent Franklin D. Roosevelt. The lantern now stands in the exhibi- tion case containing the handsome model of this famous vessel pre- sented to the Museum by the President several years ago. Through the Textile Color Card Association of the United States, the textile section received the ninth edition of the Standard Color Card, with its two supplements, the United States Arms and Serv- ices Color Card and the United States Army Standard Thread Card. The Association is supported by textile manufacturers and representa- tive firms of almost every industry using color. These firms agree to nave their products match the colors included in the official standard ecard, resulting in a great saving of time to consumers in obtaining exact shades of colors in materials that are to be used together. This standardization is especially valuable to the United States Arms and Services, each service having an official color requirement for its uni- forms, trimmings, badges, and similar equipment. The Standard Thread Card is furnished by the Quartermaster General’s office to quartermaster depots and contractors making clothing or equipage for the United States Army. An important accession in the section of chemical industries was an exhibit illustrating the chemistry and applications of refined alpha- 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 cellulose derived from wood pulp. Since the military services’ re- quirements for ordnance purposes cover practically all the annual production of cotton linters, the manufacturers of rayon found it necessary to turn to alpha-cellulose for their raw material. The appli- cations of the wood-pulp cellulose shown in the exhibit include rayon, molded and laminated plastics, cellophane, artificial leather, rayon tire-cord fabric, and electric-arc welding rods. An interesting addition to the collection of commercial furs was a gift from Vice President Henry A. Wallace of two robes made from strips of vicufia skins. The robes were presented to him by Miss Rosa Prado, daughter of the President of Pert, on the occasion of Mr. Wallace’s good-will tour. In the division of medicine and public health the most valuable items were added to the section of pharmacy. These included a com- plete exhibit illustrating the manufacture and use of dried blood plasma now effectively employed by our armed forces; a series of ob- jects picturing the method of obtaining penicillin, the recently dis- covered miracle-performing bacteriostatic drug; and a collection out- lining the life history of Carl Wilhelm Scheele, the internationally famous apothecary. To the history of medicine section was added the first portable X-ray machine known to have been operated suc- cessfully on a battlefield. The outstanding accession in the section of graphic arts was a French color print of the eighteenth century, “L’Amant Surpris,” by C. M. Descourtis after F. Schall. This type of print, the estampe galante, is highly prized and much sought after by collectors. Descourtis was one of the important engravers of the period, and it is said that “T,Amant Surpris” is one of his masterpieces. Walter Tittle, a well-. known drypoint artist, presented the section with 19 examples of his work, following his special exhibition in the Museum. VOKS, the Soviet Russian Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, gave the section six war posters produced by the hand-stencil process. No printing equipment is necessary in making posters of this kind, which the Russians have developed to a high degree. Guerrilla artists have used this method extensively in occupied territories where the absence of printing and transportation facilities eliminates other methods. ‘istory.—The collection of civil, naval, marine, and military medals and decorations was increased by specimens of several awards of these types established during the present war. Among these were specimens of the Air Medal, awarded to members of the armed forces of the United States who have distinguished themselves since Sep- tember 8, 1939, by meritorious achievement in flight. It is second only to the Distinguished Flying Cross. They include also specimens of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Z| the decorations representing the four degrees of the Legion of Merit, namely, Chief Commander, Commander, Officer, and Legionnaire. These decorations are for award to the personnel of armed forces of the United States and the Philippines, and of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations. The recipients must have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services since the Presidential proclamation of emer- gency, September 8, 1939. These decorations are the first to be founded by the United States Government for award to foreigners. Other specimens illustrate the Merchant Marine Distinguished Serv- ice Medal and the Mariner’s Medal. The first of these was established for award to any person in the American Merchant Marine who on or after September 3, 1939, “has distinguished himself * * * in the line of duty.” The second is awarded to any seaman who, while serving on a ship during the war period, is wounded, suffers physical injury, or suffers through dangerous exposure as the result of an act of an enemy of the United States. The collection of uniforms was increased by the addition of several United States Army and United States Military Academy uniforms of the early part of the twentieth century. Uniforms of the types worn by Army nurses and officers and members of the Women’s Army Corps were received from the War Department. A series of German and Japanese uniforms captured in Italy and the Aleutian Islands was received as a loan from the War Department. An interesting gift to the philatelic collection was a series of Aguinaldo (Philippine) stamps totaling more than 2,000 specimens. A cover franked with a 2-cent red Aguinaldo stamp postmarked Bataan, the locality famous for the valiant fight against the Japanese of the American forces under the leadership of Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur, is included. Among the stamps transferred by the Post Office Department was a special series of 12 United States stamps commemorating the European countries that have been overrun and occupied by the Axis powers—Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czecho- slovakia, Denmark, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Norway, The Nether- lands, Poland, and Yugoslavia. Each stamp bears in color the na- tional flag of the country concerned. ‘The Soviet Union presented a 30-kopeck and a 3-ruble stamp showing the Russian, British, and American flags, commemorating the recent historic conference at Tehran. Among the stamps emanating from enemy countries that found their way into the Museum collections were 2 Japanese stamps commemorating the fall of Bataan and Corregidor, 11 stamps issued by the Japanese military authorities for use in the occupation of the Dutch Indies, and 14 varieties of Japanese stamps for the army of 22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 occupation in the Philippine Islands. A large number of German stamps also were received. EXPLORATIONS AND RESEARCH Although field explorations for the year were concerned principally with the conduct of the war, important research was accomplished along many other collateral lines. Anthropology.—During his assignment as teacher of anatomy to Army and Navy medical students at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., studies were carried on by the curator, Dr. T. Dale Stewart, on age and sex changes in the human skeleton. This was possible because the skeletal collections preserved in the university’s department of anatomy were obtained from the dis- secting rooms and therefore were accurately identified. During the course of this work Dr. Stewart took the opportunity also of studying arthritic changes in the skeleton. Since arthritis is closely correlated with age, it was hoped that the university’s identified material would aid in the interpretation of the condition in the groups in the Museum collections where exact age is unknown. Im addition to his work at the university, Dr. Stewart spent some time in studying Indian skele- tons excavated in Illinois by Dr. P. F. Titterington, a St. Louis physi- cian. Two cultural horizons are represented by these Indian re- mains, the Hopewell and the Jersey County bluff focus of the Middle Mississippl. Up to the time of his death on September 5, Dr. AleS Hrdlicka continued the work of analyzing his data on the human tibia. The year also saw the publication by the Museum of the seventh and last part of Dr. Hrdli¢ka’s “Catalog of Human Crania in the United States National Museum Collections,” a work on which he had been engaged for many years. The final part covers the non-Eskimo people of the Northwest Coast, Alaska, and Siberia and includes measurements of all skulls of this provenience deposited in the Na- tional Museum as well as of many supplementary ones in various Russian institutions. The entire series of catalogs presents measure- ments of more than 7,500 non-White crania and has been described as constituting “one of the most valuable sources of basic anthropo- metric data in existence.” Biology.—Under the auspices of the Division of Cultural Relations of the Department of State, Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator of plants, visited Colombia during April, May, and June for consulta- tions and work in botanical centers in Bogataé and Cali. In working over the Museum’s South American material, which includes large recent collections of plants, as well as a considerable accumulation of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 23 specimens received for identification in the past, Mr. Killip assembled much valuable data for the proposed “Flora of Colombia.” Philip Hershkovitz, holder of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholar- ship for 1941-48, returned from Colombia in October, after an absence of almost 2 years. The collection he amassed forms the largest single accession of mammals received by the Museum during the past 25 years. Under the W. L. Abbott fund, M. A. Carriker, Jr., continued ornithological field work in Colombia until October. He brought to — the Museum the results of two seasons’ work, one of the finest collec- tions of birds that has ever been made in that area. Dr. Remington Kellogg, curator of mammals, served as chairman of the American delegation to the International Conference on the Regulation of Whaling held in London during January. Between sessions of the conference he studied at the British Museum in prepara- tion of a report on the recent porpoises. Dr. Kellogg spent part of September at the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy examining a col- lection of cetacean remains from Polk County, Fla. Also, at the re- quest of the National Research Council, for the Board for the Co- ordination of Malarial Studies, in collaboration with Major E. A. Goldman of the Fish and Wildlife Service, Dr. Kellogg prepared the first of a series of descriptive accounts of the kinds of monkeys that may carry malarial infections. The curator of birds, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, completed part 10, the gallinaceous birds, of Ridgway’s unfinished monograph, “The Birds of North and Middle America,” and began the revision of his own previously completed manuscript on the falconiform birds. H. G. Deignan, associate curator of birds, completed his monograph on “The Birds of Northern Thailand,” now in press. The associate curator of reptiles, Dr. Doris M. Cochran, reports further substantial progress in her studies on South American frogs. She also undertook to expand her popular handbook on “Poisonous Reptiles,’ Number 10 of the Smithsonian War Background Studies, into a treatise on “Dangerous Reptiles,” nonpoisonous, as well as poi- sonous, for the general appendix to the Smithsonian Annual Report. Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, has worked in close coopera- tion with a special committee of the National Research Council, in preparing a list of known or suspected molluscan intermediate hosts of human parasites. In connection with the preparation of survivor manuals, Dr. L. P. Schultz, curator of fishes, and Earl D. Reid, scientific aid, demonstrated to members of the U.S. Navy the use of derris root for securing fish for food in emergencies. 661718—45——3 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Dr. Schultz also made notable progress with his studies on the extensive material that he collected in Venezuela, finishing a report on the Characinidae and completing manuscript for the families Gymno- tidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinodontidae, Dasyatidae, Tetradontidae, and Centropomidae. The curator of insects, Dr. E. A. Chapin, made further progress with: the manuscript embodying the results of his investigations on the beetle genus Hippodamia and continued work on other sections of the Coccinellidae. Dr. R. E. Blackwelder, associate curator of insects, continuing his work on Bulletin 185 of the National Museum, “Checklist of the Col- eopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America,” submitted the manuscript for part 8. Parts 1 and 2 were published during the year. Austin H. Clark, curator of echinoderms, completed part 4 of Bul- letin 82, “Monograph of the Existing Crinoids,” except for assembling the plates. He also published “Iceland and Greenland,” the fifteenth of the Smithsonian’s War Background Studies, and, in collaboration with Dr. E. H. Walker, assistant curator of plants, prepared material for the biological section of another volume of this series dealing with the Aleutian Islands. All divisions in the department contributed to the Navy’s “Survival on Land and Sea,” published in December, to “A Field Collector’s Manual in Natural History,” recently issued by the Smithsonian, and to the preparation of nine mimeographed leaflets for distribution to correspondents inquiring about the animal and plant life of the Southwest Pacific. Geology—As in the other departments of the Museum, several members of the staff of the department of geology are on military detail. The researches of the head curator, Dr. R. S. Bassler, have been limited to three projects; first, his monographic study of Lower Paleozoic corals; second, a paper on the giant Paleozoic Ostracoda known as the Leperditiidae; and third, a continuation of researches on American Ordovician crinoids and cystids contained in the Springer collection. The manuscript and illustrations of all three have been more than half completed. | Curator William F. Foshag was occupied the entire year in Mexico with his supervisory work for the Geological Survey in surveys for strategic minerals. In addition, he spent some time at the Paricutin Voleano making observations and collecting material for the Museum exhibition series. E. P. Henderson completed several analyses of new meteorites. “The Metallography of Meteoric Iron,” a monograph by Dr. Stuart H. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25 Perry, associate in mineralogy, was published’ during the year as a Bulletin of the National Museum. Dr. G. A. Cooper, in collaboration with Prof. A. S. Warthin, of Vassar College, completed his survey of Illinois Devonian oil strata, and, in collaboration with the Instituto Geolégico de México, con- tinued field and laboratory studies of the geology of northwestern Sonora. A month and a half of field work in Sonora, in association with his Mexican colleague, Ing. A. R. V. Arellano, resulted in note- worthy paleontological collections and considerable increase in knowl- edge of the structure and stratigraphy of the area. Under the Walcott fund of the Smithsonian Institution, in collabo- ration with Drs. Myron N. Cooper and R. S. Edmundson, of the Vir- ginia Geological Survey, Dr. Cooper made an investigation of the relationships of the limestones that occur on the flanks of Clinch Mountain in southwestern Virginia and northern Tennessee. Before his untimely death Dr. Charles E. Resser was engaged in the study of the Lower Ordovician trilobites of Vermont and adjacent areas and was continuing his Cambrian Summary and Bibliography. Many years of work by Drs. Walcott and Resser have gone into this summary and bibliography, both of which when finished will be valu- able contributions to science. Field work in vertebrate paleontology, usually one of the best sources of striking exhibition material, was necessarily restricted. In a short trip to the nearby Calvert Cliffs on Chesapeake Bay, Curator C. W. Gilmore and his assistants had the good fortune to excavate a sirenian skeleton of Miocene age, a fossil sea cow over 10 feet long. MISCELLANEOUS Visttors.—The number of visitors to the Museum buildings during the year showed an increase of 177,496 over the previous year. The total number, 1,532,765, is, of course, far below the peacetime record of 2,408,170 in 1937-38, but the increase does indicate a salutary up- trend in the degree to which the National Museum exhibits and col- lections are being viewed and studied by the people even in wartime. August 1943 and April 1944 saw the largest number of visitors, 162,016 and 164,221, respectively, being recorded for these months. The attendance in the four Smithsonian and Museum buildings was as follows: Smithsonian building, 301,212; Arts and Industries building, 566,496; Natural History building, 493,239; Aircraft building, 171,818. Since a considerable proportion of the visitors consisted of men and women in the armed forces, special services were proffered this group and every effort was made to enhance their visits. In the Natural History building a program of Sunday docent service, for guiding 26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 parties through the Museum, was inaugurated. A number of women U. S. O. volunteers were especially trained to act as guides, and the ~ “tours” conducted by them have proved very popular. During the period covering the last 35 Sundays of the fiscal year, over 5,000 mem- bers of the military personnel took advantage of this guide service. Publications and printing.—The sum of $30,000 was available dur- ing the fiscal year for the publication of the Annual Report, Bulletins, and Proceedings of the National Museum. Twenty publications were issued—the Annual Report, 4 Bulletins, 1 Contribution from the National Herbarium, and 14 Proceedings papers. A list of these publications is given in the report on publications, appendix 10. The distribution of volumes and separates to libraries and individ- uals on the regular mailing lists aggregated 40,817 copies. Special exhibits—Seventeen special exhibits were held during the year in the foyer and adjacent space of the Natural History building, under the auspices of various educational, scientific, recreational, and governmental groups. In addition the department of engineering and industries arranged 28 special displays—5 in engineering, 12 in graphic arts, and 11 in photography. OHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF There was no major change in the organization of the National Museum, but some work has been done in allocating positions to their proper grades under the Classification Act on the basis of the duties of each position. Honorary appointments were conferred on Maj. Edward A. Gold- - man as associate in zoology on August 1, 1943, Dr. Floyd A. McClure as research associate in botany on April 21, 1944, Dr. J. B. Reeside, Jr.,- as custodian of Mesozoic collection on June 19, 1944, and Clarence R. Shoemaker as associate in zoology on April 1, 1944. In the department of biology, Dr. David H. Johnson, associate curator, division of mammals, was furloughed for military duty on November 15, 1948, and Dr. Richard E. Blackwelder, associate cura- tor, division of insects, was furloughed temporarily for war work on August 28, 1943. Other changes were the resignation on March 22, 1944, of Walter A. Weber, assistant curator, division of birds; the retirement of Clarence R. Shoemaker, associate curator, division of marine invertebrates, and Julian &. Warmbath, taxidermist. The latter vacancy was filled by the promotion of Watson M. Perrygo on December 9, 1943. In the section of diatoms, Paul S. Conger was appointed neue curator on March 9, 1944. In the department of geology, Dr. G. Arthur Cooper was advanced to the curatorship of the division of invertebrate paleontology and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Di paleobotany on October 2, 1948, to succeed Dr. Charles E. Resser, who died on September 18, 1943. Miss Marion F. Willoughby, scientific aid, transferred to the United States Geological Survey on October 31, 1943. In the department of engineering and industries, Dr. A. J. Olmsted, for a number of years chief photographer of the Museum, was relieved of the duties of that position on November 9, 1943, and was appointed associate curator in charge of the section of photography. Gurney I. Hightower succeeded Dr. Olmsted in charge of the photographic laboratory on January 9, 1944, with Floyd B. Kestner as assistant. Other changes in the administrative staff during the year were the retirement of Royal H. Trembly, superintendent of buildings and labor, who was succeeded by Lawrence L. Oliver on December 10, 1948. Anthony W. Wilding was appointed property officer on December 21, 1943. The vacancy created by the death of Miss Helen A. Olmsted, personnel officer, was filled by the appointment of Mrs. Bertha T. Carwithen on February 1, 1944; and Mrs. Margaret L. Vinton was appointed personnel assistant on March 9, 1944. Employees furloughed for military duty during the year were as follows: Robert L. Bradshaw, on October 12, 1943; Joseph R. Burke, Jr., on October 18, 1948; John Carl Carter, on May 5, 1944; Walter McCree, on April 8, 1944; and David H. Johnson on November 15, 1943. Ernest Desantis returned to duty from military furlough on Oc- tober 18, 1943. Eleven persons were retired, three having reached retirement age, five on account of disability, and three by optional retirement, as fol- lows: For age, William Rice, laborer, on September 30, 1948, after 15 years, 3 months of service; Thomas J. Shannon, guard, on April 30, 1944, after 18 years, 6 months; and Clarence R. Shoemaker, associate - curator, on March 31, 1944, with over 33 years, 4 months of service. For disability, Eugene C. Miller, guard, on December 9, 1943, with 6 years, 1 month of service; Cecil R. Mulnix, guard, on March 31, 1944, with 13 years, 7 months service; Arthur G. Rodgers, guard, on Novem- ber 10, 1948, with 8 years, 5 months service; Ann M. Stokes, laborer, on October 4, 1943, with 18 years, 6 months service; and Charles O. Watson, laborer, on April 5, 1944, with 35 years, 8 months service. By optional retirement, Royal H. Trembly, superintendent of build- ings and labor, November 30, 1943, with over 49 years of service; Bertie Turner, attendant, on November 30, 1943, with 32 years, 6 months service; and Julian S. Warmbath, taxidermist, with 15 years of service. Through death, the Museum lost during the year five employees from its active roll: Dr. Charles E. Resser, curator, division of in- 28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 vertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, on September 18, 1943, after 29 years, 5 months; Miss Helen A. Olmsted, personnel officer, on Jan- uary 11, 1944, after 43 years, 9 months; Benjamin F. Coe, guard, on March 1, 1944, after 25 years, 5 months; George EK. Matheny, guard, on July 20, 1948, after 24 years, 6 months; and Cornelius S. Jones, laborer, on March 17, 1944, after 32 years, 6 months. From its honorary staff, the Museum lost by death on September 5, 1943, Dr. Ales’ Hrdlicka, associate in anthropology since April 1, 1942; and on February 22, 1944, Dr. E. O. Ulrich, associate in paleontology since June 9, 1914. Respectfully submitted. : ALEXANDER WETMORE, Director. THE SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, the seventh annual report of the Board covering its operations for the fiscal year ended June 380, 1944. This report is made pursuant to the provisions of the Act of March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), as amended by the public resolution of April 13, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th Cong.). ORGANIZATION AND STAFF During the fiscal year ended June 80, 1944, the Board was comprised of the Chief Justice of the United States, Harlan F. Stone; the Sec- retary of State, Cordell Hull; the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. C. G. Abbot, ex officio; and five general trustees, David K. E. Bruce, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Duncan Phillips, Samuel H. Kress, and Chester Dale. Mr. Dale was elected as general trustee on November 1, 1948, to succeed Joseph EH. Widener, who died on October 26, 1943. At its annual meeting, held on February 14, 1944, the Board re- elected David K. E. Bruce, President, and Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice President, to serve for the ensuing year. The executive officers continuing in office during the year were: Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treasurer. David E. Finley, Director. Harry A. McBride, Administrator. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel. John Walker, Chief Curator. Macgill James, Assistant Director. Donald D. Shepard continued to serve during the year as Adviser to the Board. During the year E. Roy Bergholz was appointed as Assistant Treas- urer to succeed Charles Zinsner, who resigned; John A: Gilmore was appointed as Assistant General Counsel; Hanns Swarzenski was ap- pointed Curator of Sculpture; and Porter A. McCray was appointed Chief of the Inter-American Office. The Board of Trustees during the year was authorized and directed by the Foreign Funds Control of the United States Treasury Depart- ment, and at the request of the State Department, to assume custodian- 29 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 ship of all works of art and exhibition material sent to the United States under the auspices of the former French Government for exhi- bition purposes at various places in the United States, including the World’s Fairs at New York, -N. Y., and San Francisco, Calif. — On August 20, 1943, The American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas was organized, and several executive officers of the Gallery were appointed to serve as officers of the Commission. The headquarters of the Com- mission are located in the Gallery building. In March 1944 the Gallery, at the request of the State Department, established the Inter-American Office. This office was created to act as the official Government clearinghouse for the exchange of informa- tion concerning art activities in the American Republics. The three standing committees of the Board, provided for in the bylaws, as constituted at the annual meeting of the Board, held Febru- ary 14, 1944, were: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chief Justice of the United States, Harlan F. Stone, chairman. David K. E. Bruce, vice chairman. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. C. G. Abbot. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Dunean Phillips. FINANCH COMMITTED Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., chairman. David K. HE. Bruce, vice chairman. — Secretary of State, Cordell Hull. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Samuel H. Kress. ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE David K. E. Bruce, chairman. Ferdinand Lammot Belin, vice chairman. Dunean Phillips. Chester Dale. David BH. Finley, ex officio. The permanent Government positions of the Gallery are filled from the registers of the United States Civil Service Commission or with its approval. On June 30, 1944, the permanent Government staff numbered 243 employees. Since the beginning of the war, 58 mem- bers of the staff, or approximately 25 percent, have entered the armed services. The operation and maintenance of the Gallery building and grounds and the protection of the works of art have been continued through the fiscal year 1944 at as high a standard as possible with the reduced staffs now available. These staffs have been cut to a minimum owing to the fact that the Gallery has desired to reduce expenditures and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ol the use of manpower to the greatest possible extent during the war period. ‘That it has been possible to maintain a fairly high standard is due solely to the intensive efforts, efficiency, and interest of the main- tenance staff and the guard force. However, it will be necessary to increase both the maintenance staff and the guard force as soon as possible in order adequately to operate and maintain the Gallery building and grounds and to enable the Trustees to carry out their duties in the protection and care of the works of art in the Gallery’s collections. ; APPROPRIATIONS For salaries and expenses for the upkeep and operation of the Na- tional Gallery of Art, the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board, and all administrative expenses incident thereto as authorized by the Act of March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51), and amended by public resolution of April 13, 1939 (Pub. Res. No. 9, 76th Cong.), the Congress appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944, the sum of $623,365.00. This amount includes the present appropria- tion of $541,365.00 and a supplementary deficiency appropriation amounting to $82,000.00 for the payment of “overtime compensation” as authorized by Public Law 49, 78th Congress. From these appro- priations the following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred : EXPENDITURES AND HNCUMBRANCES BeLSOMallig SCiVACCS = ss er aes ei a re See es $510, 665. 00 JE TeHIaNEH AMES: cabyovG bo AKO HUE Fg ee oc is Ts 4, 047. 22 Supplies and equipment, ete________________________ 108, 315. 03 Wnencumbered balance 2222s. Sees ee ee 5, 837. 75 ET BAG aA) LEN an sae ar a Songs aig Sta eR 623, 365. 60 In addition to the above-mentioned appropriations, the Gallery re- ceived $15,932.16 from the Federal Works Agency, Public Buildings Administration, to cover expenses incurred in connection with the special protection of paintings and sculpture evacuated from the Gallery. ATTENDANCE During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, the visitors to the National Gallery of Art totaled 2,060,071, the largest annual attendance since the opening of the Gallery. This compares with 1,508,081 dur- ing the fiscal year ended June 30, 1943, or an increase of 551,990 or 36.6 percent. The increase in popularity of the Gallery is evidenced by the fact that the average daily attendance during the fiscal year 1944 was 5,659 visitors, as compared with 4,143 for the fiscal year 1943. On Sunday, December 21, 1943, thera were 22,248 visitors, the greatest number in any one day. 32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Contributing to the public’s increasing interest in the Gallery are the evening hours on Sunday, the special exhibitions, particularly those of wartime art, the Sunday evening concerts without charge, and the Servicemen’s Room, which provides a place of relaxation for men and women in the armed services. Approximately 30 percent of the visitors to the Gallery are men and women in the armed services. PUBLICATIONS The Information Rooms in the Gallery continue to offer an in- | creasing variety of fine, although moderately priced, colored repro- ductions of paintings in the Gallery’s collections, as well as post cards, illustrated catalogs, and a general information booklet that is of great assistance to visitors and which may be obtained without charge. With the acquisition of the Lessing J. Rosenwald collection of prints and drawings, a large illustrated catalog of this collection and a set of 32 post-card reproductions of some of the prints and drawings in the collection have been added to the publications now available. During the past year there has been a great increase in the number of orders for the Gallery’s publications from servicemen overseas, who are purchasing color prints and catalogs for use in recreation rooms at military posts all over the world. There has also been an unusual — demand from public schools throughout the United States for color reproductions and text material descriptive of the Gallery’s collections. These publications also are in demand in the Latin-American republics. WORKS OF ART STORED IN PLACE OF SAFEKEEPING Early in January 1942 a limited number of fragile and irreplace- - able works of art in the Gallery’s collections were removed to a place of greater safety. These works, stored in a place adapted for the pur- pose, have since been under constant guard by members of the Gal- lery’s guard force and under supervision and inspection by a member of the curatorial staff of the Gallery. ACQUISITIONS GIFTS OF PRINTS AND DRAWINGS The Board of Trustees, on December 4, 1948, accepted six etchings from David Keppel, five by Piranesi and one by Ugo de Carpi. Also on December 4 the Board accepted a gift of two drawings, “Seated Figure,” by Pascin, and “Head of a Girl,” by Puvis de Chavannes, from Lessing J. Rosenwald. On May 20, 1944, the Board accepted an additional gift of approximately 196 prints and drawings from Mr. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 33 Rosenwald. The Index of American Design, consisting of 22,000 or more drawings and water colors, which was accepted by the Board on June 7, 1943, from the Works Progress Administration, was received in the Gallery during the fiscal year 1944. GIFTS OF PAINTINGS On December 4, 1948, the Board of Trustees accepted eight paintings from Lessing J. Rosenwald, viz: Title Artist MHS aS tO Cla cle see ee APP eee ue ee eee ae Forain. LR Cage Chit OMG Ta eens ses sea 2 Re eee Forain. PASTS tS teanenita Glee VO Cl ese cree es Sa ae Ge Forain. elim Get WeS COME es eer ih ce ek a ee Forain. Meastqorbne Godse ioe 2 eee ae ee ee Se Daumier: PUTCO NUTT Cee ee nected ae tee ne ates SR NN Ceo Pea eeaes ate Daumier. CACHED LOSSOM SS sa ie ee ats RS en eh eee Whistler. LTELO ONC TI) & AW ON fe aye Eee ee Whistler. On the same date it also accepted the painting entitled “Breezing Up,” by Winslow Homer, from the W. L. and May T. Mellon Foundation. On December 18, 1948, the Board accepted the portrait of “Commodore John Rodgers,” by John Wesley Jarvis, from the Misses Christina and Nannie R. Macomb. On February 14, 1944, the Board accepted two paintings, “The Stream,” by Courbet, and “The Eel Gatherers,” by Corot, from Mr. and Mrs. P. H. B. Frelinghuysen. From the children of the late Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, the Board on the same date accepted the painting entitled “Amos Lawrence,” by Chester Harding; and on May 20, 1944, the Board accepted the painting of “Horace Binney,” by Gilbert Stuart, asa gift from Dr. Horace Binney. SALE OR EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART During the year no works of art belonging to the Gallery were sold or exchanged. LOAN OF WORKS OF ART TO THE GALLERY During the year the following works of art were received on loan: From Mrs. John C. Clark of New York, N. Y.: 69 etchings by Pennell. From Mrs. Cary Grant, Pacific Palisades, Calif. : Title Artist AGH etesDay,.V.CNiCe= es =a ka ae see ee ee Canaletto. The Courtyard, Doge’s Palace, with the Procession of the Papal AU Ait Se aE EE ee es cae ae a Canaletto. 34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 LOAN OF WORKS OF ART BY THE GALLERY In the fiscal year ended June 80, 1944, the Gallery loaned the fol- lowing five paintings to the Lyman Allyn Museum, New London, Conn., for exhibition purposes: From the collection of the National Gallery of Art: Title Artist Self SR otra teehee a Sa se ae Benjamin West. Major Thomas Biddle______________. - Thomas Sully and Thomas Wilcocks Sully. From the loan collection of The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust: Title ~ Artist Anna Cora Mowatt (?)----_-----_______. attributed to John James Audubon. Gilbert Stuart’s Family (?) ----_--_-----__ attributed to Washington Allston. Peter Ro Livingston @?) 2s eee attributed to Abraham Delanoy. LOANED WORKS OF ART RETURNED During the year the following works of art lent to the Gallery by Chester Dale of New York, N. Y., were returned to him: Title Artist Crouching lone Sse ee ee Pe ee eee A eee Delacroix. Nude Woman Seated on a Bed2o2 22222 223 eee Forain. Woman Seatedionsa Chains 2s 22s ee Oe Forain. Monsieur 0ulspROy s=5 = 232 2220 so ee ee Gauguin. Cottage Interior with Woman and Little Girl____________________. Millet. EXHIBITIONS The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art during the fiscal year ended June 380, 1944: Group of political caricatures by French and British artists, from the Lessing J. Rosenwald collection, from July 31 to September 5, 1943. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century drawings and water colors from French museums and private collections (2d showing) from August 8 to September 5, 1943. “Art for Bonds,” by American artists and sponsored by the Treasury Department’s National Committee cf Honorary Patrons, in connec- tion with the Treasury’s Third War Loan Campaign, from September . 12 to October 10, 1948. Marine water colors and drawings by officers and enlisted men of the U. S. Marine Corps, through cooperation of the Division of Public Relations, U.S. Marine Corps, from September 12 to October 10, 1948. Navaho pollen and sand paintings. Selections from a group of paintings executed by Miss Maud Oakes, and accompanied by a group REPORT OF THE SECRETARY B15) collected by Miss Mary Wheelwright, from October 17 to November 14, 1948. Paintings of naval aviation by American artists. From the Abbott Laboratories and in cooperation with the U. S. Navy, from November 21 to December 12, 1948. Prints and drawings from the Rosenwald collection. The first general exhibition of prints and drawings from the Lessing J. Rosen- wald collection, comprising a group of selections from the fifteenth century to the present time, from December 19, 19438, to February 13, 1944. Ktchings and lithographs by Goya from the Gallery’s collection, from January 23 to February 13, 1944. “The Army at War,” paintings and drawings by American artists at Army bases throughout the world. Exhibition lent by the War Department to the Treasury Department, and shown at the National Gallery of Art from February 20 to March 19, 1944. Index of American Design. First exhibition of a selection of draw- ings and water colors (from the Metal Work and Hooked Rug sec- tions), from March 26 to April 23, 1944. Nanteuil engraved portraits. A selection of 35 of Nanteuil’s works, from the Lessing J. Rosenwald collection, from March 26 to June 21, 1944, British war paintings. An exhibition of official British war paint- _ ings, recording military operations and civilian activities in wartime Britain. Lent by the British Ministry of Information, from April 23 to May 20, 1944. Rembrandt prints and drawings. A survey of the work of the great Dutch master, selected from the Rosenwald, Widener, Rice, and Nowell-Usticke collections, from April 30 to June 21, 1944. TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, the following drawings, water colors, and prints were placed on exhibition : INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN Exhibition made up from the documented drawings and water colors con- tained in the Index of American Design. Six drawings, together with data sheets, for use in an Exhibition of Maine Art, opening April 14, 1944, were shipped to Colby College, Waterville, Me., and were returned to the Gallery June 15, 1944. Ninety-five duplicate data sheets of Texas material contained in the Index, from which to make a selection of photographs, were shipped to the University of Texas, Austin, Tex., on June 27, 1944. ROSENWALD PRINTS A traveling exhibition, consisting of 35 prints from the Lessing J. Rosenwald collection. Sent on May 6, 1944, to Brooks Memorial Art Gallery, Memphis, 36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Tenn.; then to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Va., on June 12, 1944, from where it will be returned to the National Gallery of Art about August 1, to be held for further bookings. VARIOUS GALLERY ACTIVITIES In the period from July 1, 1948, to June 30, 1944, a total of 53 con- certs were given, of which 52 were in the East Garden Court on Sun- day evenings and one on Saturday afternoon in the Auditorium. The concerts were free to the public, and were attended to capacity. The National Gallery Sinfonietta, under the direction of Richard Bales, played 13 concerts. An American Festival of works of native com- posers was held during March and April, 1944, when five perform- ances were given. | The Sunday night suppers for servicemen have been continued during the year, approximately 35 being served each Sunday in the cafeteria at the Gallery. Funds to defray the cost of the suppers were contributed by members of the staff and by friends of the Gallery. A total of 195 special permits to copy paintings in the National Gallery of Art were issued during the fiscal year 1944, and 72 special permits were issued during the same period to photograph paintings. CURATORIAL DEPARTMENT During the year the work of the curatorial department consisted mainly of installing a large number of gifts and additional works of art from the Widener collection; arranging 17 temporary exhibitions; cataloging paintings, sculpture, and prints; assisting The American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas by providing information on damaged and looted works of art in war areas; and the assumption of additional responsibility resulting from the appointment of the Trustees of the Gallery as custodian of works of art and exhibition material sent to this country under the auspices of the former French Government. Two publications, “Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows,” edited by John Walker and Macgill James, and “Master- pieces of Painting from the National Gallery of Art,” edited by Hunt- ington Cairns.and John Walker, were prepared with the assistance of members of the curatorial department. One book, two catalogs, and three pamphlets were issued by the curatorial and educational depart- ments in collaboration. Six members of the staff contributed eight. articles to several periodicals and pamphlet series. During the past year approximately 622 works of art were sub- mitted to the acquisitions committee (the largest individual gift being 490 prints and drawings to be added to the Rosenwald collection) with recommendations regarding their acceptability for the collections of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37 the National Gallery of Art; 45 private collections were viewed in connection with offers to the Gallery of gifts or loans; 94 consultations were held concerning 189 works of art brought to the Gallery for expert opinion; and 58 written replies were made to inquiries in- volving research in the history of art. RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF WORKS OF ART With the authorization of the Board, and the approval of the Direc- tor and Chief Curator, the necessary restoration and repair of paint- ings and sculpture in the Gallery’s collection were made by Stephen §. _ Pichetto, Consultant Restorer to the Gallery. All the work was com- pleted in the Restorer’s studio inthe Gallery with the exception of several paintings that required restoration before shipment to Wash- ington, and one where the work was of such a delicate and complicated nature that it was necessary for the work to be done in Mr. Pichetto’s | New York studio. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM More than 72,000 people attended the various programs conducted by the educational department during the year. The Gallery tours . of the collection attracted nearly 15,000 people, while 22,000 attended the “Picture of the Week,” a 10-minute discussion of a single painting given twice daily on Mondays through Fridays. More than 9,000 attended the regular lectures on special topics delivered by the educa- tional staff and guest speakers. During the first 4 months of the fiscal year, a new project undertaken by the educational department was that of an automatic program (no speaker) employing 2 x 2 Kodachromes and titles on slides, en- titled “What To See in the National Gallery of Art—A Suggestion for Your First Visit.” This program was accompanied by recorded music, and more than 15,000 people attended. LIBRARY The most important contribution to the library during the year was the art library of the late Joseph E. Widener. This gift consisted of 1,373 books and 579 periodicals. As a gift from Solomon R. Guggenheim, the library received the Richter Archives, consisting of over 60,000 photographs and reproduc- tions. Mr. Guggenheim also gave 975 photographs of art objects in the Solomon R. Guggenheim collection. A number of books on works of art were also added to the library collection through funds donated by Capt. Paul Mellon. 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT During the fiscal year 1944, the photographic laboratory of the Gallery made 6,037 black-and-white prints and 510 black-and-white and 1,117 color slides. -OTHER GIFTS - In the fiscal year ended June 380, 1944, gifts of books on works of art and related material were made to the Gallery library by the Honor- able Solomon Bloom, Mrs. Juliana Force, Mrs. Victor Harris, Macgill James, Pvt. Lincoln Kirstein, Leander McCormick-Goodhart, Capt. Paul Mellon, Lamont Moore, John H. Morgan, W. Fr aceon Paris, Duncan Phillips, and Maj. Ray L. Trautman. Gifts of money were made to the Gallery during the year by Mrs. Florence Becker, David E. Finley, Mrs. Deering Howe, Mr. and Mrs. Macgill James, Life Magazine, Mrs. H. A. McBride, Capt. Paul Mellon, Donald D. Shep ard, Col. and Mrs. O. J. Troster, and the late Joseph E. Widener. AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY An audit is being made of the private funds of the Gallery for the year ended June 30, 1944, by Price, Waterhouse & Company, public accountants, and the certificate of that company on its examination of the accounting records maintained for such funds will be submitted to the Gallery. Respectfully submitted. F. L. Bein, Acting President. THe SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. | APPENDIX 3 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944: APPROPRIATIONS For the administration of the National Collection of Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution, including compensation of necessary em- ployees, purchase of books of reference and periodicals, traveling expenses, and other necessary incidental expenses, $17,486 was allot- ted, of which $6,364.74 was expended in connection with the care and maintenance of the Freer Gallery of Art, a unit of the National Collec- tion of Fine Arts. The balance was spent for the care and upkeep of the National Collection of Fine Arts, nearly all of this sum being required for the payment of salaries, traveling expenses, purchase of books and periodicals, and necessary disbursements for the care of the collection. THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION Owing to crowded transportation conditions and lack of proper hotel facilities, it was decided to omit again the December annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission. Several proffered gifts of art works have been deposited with the National Collection of Fine Arts to be passed upon at the next meeting of the Commission. The Commission lost one member by death during the year. Dr. Frederick P. Keppel, a member of the Commission since. 1932, died September 8, 1943. THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND Four miniatures, water color on ivory, were acquired from the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, as follows: 42. “Charles Carroll,” by Henry Inman (1801-1846); from Mrs. Dora Lee Curtis, Arlington, Va. 43. “William E. Dickson,’ by Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860) ; from Mrs. J. J. Hooper, Washington, D. C. 661718—45——4 39 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 44, “Katherine Douglas Dickson,” by Raphael Peale (1774-1825) ; from Mrs. J. J. Hooper, Washington, D. C. 45. “British Officer,” by Alfred T. Agate (1812-1846) ; from Miss HBlizabeth A. DuHamel, Washington, D. C. LOANS ACCEPTED A miniature, “Otto, Count de Mosloy,” by Charles Willson Peale, 1779, was lent by Dr. L. P. Shippen on September 24, 1943. An oil painting, “Portrait of Mrs. Stephen Decatur, nee Susan Wheeler (1776-1860),” by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828), and four crayon*drawings on paper, “Portrait of Ann Decatur Pine,” “Portrait of Capt. James McKnight,” “Portrait of Capt. Stephen Decatur, Sr.,” and “Portrait of Ann Pine McKnight Decatur,” by Saint-Memin (1770-1852), were lent by Mrs. William F. Machold, nee Sarah Morris, on November 22, 1943. Thirty Chinese jade ornaments were lent anonymously on March 1, 1944. ; A miniature, “Col. Nathaniel Darby,” by an unknown artist, was lent by Dr. L. P. Shippen on March 25, 1944. Two miniatures, “John Church Hamilton,” and “Unknown Lady,” by Alfred T. Agate (1812-1846), were lent by Miss Elizabeth A. DuHamel on April 7, 1944. A miniature, “William Parsons, 2nd, of Gloucester, Mass.,” by Washington Blanchard (ac. 1831-48, Boston), was lent by Mrs. Alba Walling on May 18, 1944. An oil painting, “Portrait of Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark,” by M. Arnold Nash, was lent by Mrs. Mark W. Clark on June 7, 1944. LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS The following 13 paintings were lent to the Civilian Medical Di- vision, Office of the Secretary of War, Dr. F. C. Smith, Medical Di- rector, Room 1 E 356, Pentagon Building, on July 21, 1948, with the understanding that they can be recalled at any time. “Street Scene in Ajmere,” by William S. Bagdatopoulos. “Peshawar City from the Fort,” by William S. Bagdatopoulos “Peachbloom,” by Alice Pike Barney. “Landscape with Pond,” by John L. Bennett. “The Woodland Way,” by William Baxter Closson. “Joyous Childhood,” by William Baxter Closson. “Near the Ocean,” by Robert Swain Gifford. “On the. Lagoon, Venice,” by Robert Swain Gifford. “Landscape with Windmill,” by H. Landseer Harris. “Great Silas at Night,” by Robert C. Minor. “The Brook,” by Clinton Ogilvie. “The Patriarchs, Zion National Park,” by Gunnar Widforss. “The Artist’s Children,” by John Wood. . REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Al A marble statue, “Greek Slave,” by Hiram Powers (without the pedestal), was lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, for an exhibition “The Greek Revival in the United States,” November 8, 1948, to March 1, 1944. (Returned March 7, 1944.) Two oil paintings, “Cliffs of the Upper Colorado River, Wymoing Territory,” by Thomas Moran, and “Fired On,” by Frederic Reming- ton, were lent to The Museum of Modern Art, New York City, for an exhibition of “Romantic Painting in America,” November 17 through February 6, 1944. (Returned February 18, 1944.) An oil painting, “Thomas A. Edison Listening to his First Per- fected Phonograph,” by Col. A. A. Anderson, was lent to the Depart- ment of Engineering and Industries, United States National Museum, on February 11, 1944, to be used in connection with a special exhibition commemorating the ninety-seventh birthday of Edison. (Returned March 38, 1944.) The following five miniatures were lent to the Lyman Allyn Museum, New London, Conn., to be included in the exhibition of John Trum- bull and his contemporaries from March 5 to April 16, 1944. (Re- turned April 19, 1944.) “Mr. Nichol,” by John Wesley Jarvis. ‘“Mlizabeth Oliphant,” by James Peale. “Hlizabeth Knapp,” by James Peale. “Robert Oliphant,” by Raphael Peale. “Rubens Peale,” by Raphael Peale. An oil painting, “Portrait of Frank B. Noyes,” by Ossip Perelma, was lent to the artist to be shown in connection with his exhibition of portraits held at the Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D. C., May 9 te June 1, 1944. (Returned June 5, 1944.) WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS The following six paintings, lent by the Rev. F. Ward Denys, were withdrawn November 3, 1948, by the executor of his estate, the Ameri- can Security and Trust Company. “The Salutation,” copy after Albertinelli. “Holy Family,” copy after Del Sarto. “Gathering Flowers,” by E. Keyser. “St. Michael and the Dragon,” copy after Guido Reni. “Madonna and Child,” copy after Perugino. “St. Anthony and the Lions,” by unknown artist. The bronze statue of Lincoln, by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, lent by the estate of Mrs. John Hay, was withdrawn December 13, 1943. An oil painting, “Portrait of a Dutch Girl,” by Jan Victoors, was withdrawn December 31, 1943, by Mrs. Feroline Perkins Wallach, Administratrix of the Estate of Cleveland Perkins. 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Two oil paintings, “The Windmill,” by Salomon Ruysdael, and “Portrait of a Dutch Girl,” by Paul Moreelse, were withdrawn May 15, 1944, by Mrs. Feroline Perkins Wallach, Administratrix of we Estate of Cleveland Perkins. THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND PURCHASES No. 113 entitled “Fifteenth Century French Madonna and Chiid,” by Harry W. Watrous (1857-1940), was assigned by the Council of the National Academy of Design to the Coker College for Women, Hartsville, S. C., on August 4, 1948. a THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS REFERENCE LIBRARY A total of 651 publications (329 volumes and 322 pamphlets) were accessioned during the year. This number includes 171 volumes and 52 pamphlets added by purchase, and 60 volumes of bound periodicals. The Parke-Bernet priced catalogs accounted for 31 volumes and 45 pamphlets among the purchases. The other accessions were publica- tions received in exchange or as gifts. OTHER ACTIVITIES The following paintings have been cleaned or restored since July 1, 1948: “Portrait of Andrew Jackson,” by Thomas Sully. Property of the United States Capitol. “Portrait of Commodore Oliver H. Perry,” by John Wesley Jarvis (or after). Property of the division of history, United States National Museum. “City of St. Louis,” by George Catlin. Property of the division of ethnology, United States National Museum. ‘““Ha-won-je-tah, the One Horn. Sioux (Dah-Co-Ta),” by George Catlin. Prop- erty of the division of ethnology, United States National Museum. ~ “View on Upper Missouri—Back View of the Mandan Village,’ by George Catlin. Property of the division of ethnology, United States National Museum. “Buffalo Hunt under the Wolf-skin Mask,” by George Catlin. Property of the division of ethnology, United States National Museum. : “Portrait of Robert Morris,” by Gilbert Stuart (or after), offered to the Na- tional Collection of Fine Arts by the Medical Society of the District of Columbia. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS The following exhibitions were held: October 6 through 31, 1943.—Exhibition of 18 oil and 2 varnish paintings, 4 water colors, 1 gouache, 4 pencil drawings and 2 etchings, by Ceferino Palencia, of Mexico, was sponsored by the Mexican Am- bassador and the Pan American Union. A catalog was published by the Pan American Union. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43 December 3, 1943, through January 2, 1944.—Exhibition of 74 water colors of Mexico, by Walter B. Swan, Omaha, Nebr., was sponsored by the Mexican Ambassador and the Pan American Union. A catalog was published by the Pan American Union. December 14, 1943, through January 16, 1944.—Exhibition of 82 miniatures by 52 artists, by the Pennsylvania Society of Miniature Painters. Reprint of catalog was published by the National Collec- tion of Fine Arts. January 6 through 30, 1944.—Exhibition of 21 water colors and 20 block prints, by Ralph H. Avery, C. Sp. (P.), United States Navy. February 4 through 27, 1944.—Joint exhibition of paintings by - John Mix Stanley (1814-72), his daughter-in-law, Jane C. Stanley (1863-1940), and her daughter, Alice Stanley Acheson, consisting of 30 oi] paintings, 8 chromolithographs, and 7 small lithographs by John Mix Stanley, a photograph of John Mix Stanley, and a book entitled “John Mix Stanley and his Indian Paintings,” by W. Vernon Kinietz; 40 water colors by Jane C. Stanley, and 28 oils by Alice Stan- ley Acheson. A catalog was privately published. April 29 through May 2, 1944.—Biennial Art Exhibition of 20 water colors, 41 oils, 4 etchings, 2 pastels and 4 pieces of sculpture, by the National League of American Pen Women. A catalog was pri- vately published. May 2 through 28, 1944.—Exhibition of “Portraits of Leading Amer- ican Negro Citizens,” 8 by Mrs. Laura Wheeler Waring, of Phila- delphia, Pa., and 15 by Mrs. Betsy Graves Reyneau, of Washington, D.C. - June 2 through 28, 1944.—Exhibition of 78 mural paintings from the caves of India, and 16 paintings of modern India, by Sarkis Katcha- dourian, of New York City. A catalog was published by the State Department. PUBLICATIONS Touman, R. P. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts for the year ended June 80, 1948. Appendix 38, Report of the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1943, pp. 35-40. WENLEY, A. G. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1948. Appendix 4, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended June 30, 1943, pp. 41-46. Respectfully submitted. R. P. Totman, Acting Director. Tue SEcRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 4 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART Sr: I have the honor to submit the twenty-fourth annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1944: THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows: BRONZE 43.9. Chinese, 12th century B. C. Shang dynasty. Ceremonial vessel of the type ku. Light green patina with patches of silvery gray inside and out; incrustations of cuprite and native copper inside and out. Surface design incised and filled with a reddish pigment. A two-character inscription inside the foot. 0.293 x 0.167 over all. 44.1. Chinese, 12th century B. C. Shang dynasty. A ceremonial vessel of the type tsun. Light green patina; incrustations of cuprite and azurite inside. Traces of red and black pigments in the design. A three-char- acter inscription with ya hsing inside on the bottom. 0.297 x 0.231 over all. (Illustrated. ) 44.3. Chinese, Han dynasty (206 B. C.—A. D. 221). Mirror. Surface: a black patina with overlay of green aerugo on the face and on the rim of the back. Decoration in low relief with four characters around the boss. Diameter: 0.142. 44.4. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-907). Mirror. Surface: a bright silvery patina with patches of green aerugo. Decoration of birds, ani- mals, insects, and flowers in relief. Diameter: 0.192. 44.5. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-907). Mirror. Surface: a silvery patina with occasional patches of green aerugo. Decoration of grapes, birds, and animals, in bold relief. Diameter: 0.212. 44.6. Chinese, early Han, 3d century B.C. Mirror. Surface: a tarnished silvery patina with patches of green aerugo. Decoration: fine incised back- ground with designs in flat relief superimposed. Diameter: 0.100. 44.7%. Chinese, Sui dynasty (A. D. 581-618). Mirror. Surface: a bright silvery patina with remains of green lacquer spilled over the edge; boss incrusted with green aerugo. Decoration in relief with additions of red and green pigment. Inscription of 27 characters. Diameter: 0.184. 44.8. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty (A. D. 618-907). Mirror. Surface: a tarnished silvery patina covered with patches of green aerugo. Decoration: lacquer inlaid with silver and gold. 0.159 x 0.159. 44.9. Chinese, 3d-2d century B.C. Mirror. Surface: a black patina with patches of green aerugo. Decoration: background incised, with a smooth circular band and a seven-pointed star superimposed in countersunk relief. Di- ameter: 0.190. 44.10. Chinese, 3d-2d century B.C. Mirror. Surface: a black patina with patches of green aerugo. Decoration in low linear relief. Diameter: 0.142. 44 Secretary's Report, 1944.—Appendix 4 PLATE 44.14 RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART. Secretary's Report, 1944.—Appendix 4 PLATE 44.20 RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45 CERAMICS 44.11. Chinese, Sung dynasty. Ko ware. Dish with sloping sides and six-foil rim. Body of hard, dark gray clay showing brown on the foot-rim, cov- ered with an opaque, buff-gray glaze with a medium crackle and some Small iron spots. 0.031 x 0.182. 44.12. Chinese, Sung dynasty. Yiieh ware. Round, covered box with a design of three flowers carved in low relief on the top. Body of hard, fine- grained medium-gray clay, covered with a transparent, greenish-gray glaze which shows green in thicker areas. 0.052 x 0.187. 44.13— Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, Ch‘ien Lung period. Pair of bowls, each with 44.14. a stem attached into a free-moving reticulated base. The body of each is of white porcelain, covered with a pure white glaze upon which the decoration is painted in overglaze enamels. The base of each is glazed in celadon. On the foot of each stem a six-character mark of the Ch‘ien Lung period in underglaze blue. 44.18, 0.131 x 0.164 over all; 44.14, 0.185 x 0.163 over all. (44.14 illustrated.) 44.15. Chinese, Sung dynasty. Ting ware. Small plate, with a slight concavity and a narrow rim, bound in brass. The body is of white porcelanous clay, covered with a lustrous, cream-white glaze. The decoration of ducks, lotuses, and water plants in slight relief under glaze. 0.017 x 0.140 (diameter). JADE 44.18. Chinese, 18th century. Ch‘ien Lung period (1736-95). A tripod vessel of a-b-c. the ting type with a cover surmounted by a lion sejant; annular handles depending from dragon heads in relief; all carved from a single piece of white nephrite. Wood stand. 0.250 x 0.288 over all. LACQUEB 44.19. Japanese, late 17th century. Writing box (suzuri-bako) in polished black lacquer (7r0-iro) decorated in gold and pewter. Bronze water box (mizu- ire) and an ink stone; two trays. 0.051 x 0.226 x 0.221. 44.20. Japanese, 14th century. Late Kamakura. Small cabinet (kodansu) in polished black lacquer (rd-iro) now turning brown. Decorations of chrysanthemums, grasses, butterflies, and vines executed in gold and mother-of-pearl]. Six drawers and two doors; lock, hinges, ete., in dark, chiseled bronze. 0.280 x 0.3384 x 0.218. (Illustrated). 44.21. Japanese, 16th century. Painter’s box (e-bako) in two parts with cover and tray in upper part. Polished black lacquer (rd-iro) inlaid with closely set Small chrysanthemums of mother-of-pearl, whose surfaces are engraved with the lines of the petals. 0.203 x 0.172 x 0.358. 44.23. Japanese, late 17th century. Letter-box (fu-bako) with gold-flecked ground (nashi-ji) upon which the decoration is executed in varying tones of gold and silver. Silver fittings. 0.075 x 0.250 x 0.096. 44.26.. Japanese, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1844. By Yamamoto Shun- sho. Medicine chest (yakuré). Polished black lacquer (rd-iro) con- taining six drawers; silver corner mountings. Decorations executed in black lacquer in relief, and in gold and red. Inscription of 11 characters including date, signature, and kakihan. One seal. 0.338 x 0.328 x 0.193. 44.22. Japanese, 17th-19th century. Three writing boxes (suzuri-bako). 44.24. 44.25. 46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 44.27-— Japanese, 17th_-18th century. Highteen medicine cases (inro) of ie 44,44 types and designs. incl. MANUSCRIPT 44.17. Armenian, 13th century. The Gospel according to the four Evangelists. Original binding of tooled brown leather, the top cover adorned with a cruciform design executed in silver nailheads; at its center a square crystal containing a Greek cross cut into it from underneath ; other small silver appliqués (some missing). The text is written on 582 parchment leaves in double columns, in bolorgir or “round hand,” in black, gold, and occasional blue; red, and green. Initials, paragraphs, title pages, arcades, and four full-page miniatures with figures of the Evangelists—executed in colors and gold. Dated colophons. 0.244 x 0.179 over all. 0.240 x 0.169 average page. (Page 28 illustrated.) PAINTING 43.10. Chinese, dated in correspondence with A, D. 1541. Ming dynasty. By Wén Pi (Chéng-ming), 1470-1559. Chrysanthemums and pine tree. Ink painting on a paper scroll. Dated and signed by the artist; two colo- phons, one by the artist; 20 seals. °0.755 x 0.315. 44.16. Chinese, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1684. Ch‘ing dynasty. By Tao-chi (fl. circa A. D. 1662-1706). Landscape. Ink and slight color ona - paper scroll. Inscription, signature, and four seals on the ee in- scription and three seals on the mount. 0.264 x 3.182. 44.45, Japanese, dated in correspondence with A. D. 1773. Attributed to Okyo. Piigrims going to Hase-dera in the springtime. Color and ink on a silk kakemono. Inscription, signature, two seals. 0.447 x 0.812. STONE SCULPTURE 44.2. Chinese, 8th century. T‘ang dynasty. Head belonging to the dancing figure in the processional relief 24.2 (reattached). 0.115 x 0.068 x 0.068. The work of the curatorial staff has been devoted to the study of new acquisitions and of other objects submitted for purchase, from - the fields of Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Persian, and Indian fine arts. Such work involves comparative study, reading of inscriptions and seals, written reports, and so on. In addition to the work within the collection, reports, either oral or written, were made upon 658 objects and 122 photographs of objects submitted for examination by their owners, and 44 inscriptions were translated. A large part of the time of staff members has been given to work directly contributing to the war effort, summarized as follows: WAR WORK Members of the staff devoted many hours both inside and outside regular hours to work for several Government agencies. Five hundred forty-two typed pages of Japanese translations were made for the Office of Strategic Services; and a revised translation of a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47 Guide to Signs and Symbols used on Chinese military maps were made and a compilation of a glossary of Chinese geographical and topo- graphical terms was edited and revised for the Army Map Service. The Chinese character for “Victory” was made for an artist to be used in connection with a publication on the United Nations. Photo- graphs made by the Freer Gallery field staff in China were reproduced for the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department (27 prints). For another agency, several Japanese documents were ex- amined. Other services have been given to various persons. For example, 63 photographs of Chinese paintings were presented to Dr. Shih- chieh Wang, Secretary General of the People’s Council and Central Planning Board of China and a member of the Chinese Goodwill Mission; 55% photographs were given to members of the armed ser- vices who visited the offices; 24 military students of the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, were shown through the Chinese exhibition galleries; and in Santa Fe, N. Mex., a lecture on “Flower Painting in the Near and the Far East” was given by a staff member using Freer Gallery material, for the benefit of the Indian Service Club. “CHANGES IN EXHIBITION AND REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTION Six hundred eighty-eight changes in exhibition have been made, as follows: American paintings: Oils, 79; water colors, 35; pastels, 22. American prints (Whistler) : Htchings, 32; lithographs, 21. Biblical manuscripts, 6. Coptic book covers, 4. Chinese arts: Bronzes, 47; bronze and jade, 4. Ceramics, 40. Jade, 152. Marble, 2. Paintings, 117. Silver, 36. Sculpture, bronze, 32. Sculpture, stone, 30. Korean pottery, 27. Syrian glass, 2. Repairs to the collection were as follows: One Chinese bronze repaired; 1 Persian painting remounted; 5 Japanese paint- ings remounted; 31 Chinese paintings bound in portfolio form. Sculptured head 44.2 cemented upon its original place on the figure of the dancer of the Chinese Buddhist relief 24.2. 48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 ATTENDANCE The Gallery has been open to the public every day from 9 untii 4:30 o’clock with the exception of Mondays and Christmas Day. The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance was 62,408. Fifty-four other visitors on Mondays bring the grand total to 62,462. The total attendance on weekdays was 35,610; Sun- days, 26,798. The average weekday attendance was 137; the average Sunday attendance, 515. The highest monthly attendance was August, with 6,789 visitors, the lowest in December with 3,394 visitors. There were 1,279 visitors to the main office during the year; the pur- poses of their visits were as follows: Howesceneralsantormavion= sew ee paar eS AK) To see members of the staff________-______-_______ Te hk ee ie 905 EES ©) 51° UC Se Te EET VU ayy ss ss SA re 213 To make tracings and sketches from library books________-____--______- eae) To see building and installations_____-__________ A Ge Ek ee To make photographs and sketches____-_-___ gute bare 2 Ee eae 15 To see exhibition galleries on Monday________________________________=___ 6 To examine or purchase photographs and slides_=____-_______-_____________ 378 Po submit: objects: for examinations» 22252 se eee Se area OG To see objects in storage___.__-___-_-__-__-__-_ pS Sire eg USNR SS 209 WVGSTAE NG LOM MC TALS GIG 9 US ee 56 Far Hastern paintings and textiles______ BE SSe A eit ae ee ee 36 Near Eastern paintings and manuscripts__________-____________-__ 26 Dibetan’s at bl ese sees a a 1 Mota poanbaat Ln gs Sr ee mE American: paintings. 225.2 2 ee Se eee 3) Oriental pottery, jade, bronze, lacquer and bamboo___-_____________ 72 GOldStrea SuPes 22 ee ae eh ei aes ee Sel ree 3 ADD Suny ees i ee RSA oe 5 SVL earns USS UG he a eS 1 DOCENT SERVICE, LECTURES, ETC. By request, 2 groups met in the study rooms and 18 groups in the exhibition galleries for instruction by staff members. Total num- ber of persons, 321. January 21, 1944: The Director attended a meeting in New York of the Committee of the American Council of Learned Societies on Protection of Cultural Treasures in War Areas. February 10, 1944: A lecture by Miss Guest, on “Flower Painting in Persia and China,” before the American Association of University Women. | Two lectures by members of the Civil Service Commission were given to supervisors in the auditorium. ‘Total attendance, 224. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49 PERSONNEL Weldon N. Rawley resigned from the Civil Service position of superintendent of building (CAF-8) August 15, 1943. He was ap- pointed by the Freer Gallery as superintendent of building, court and grounds, August 16, 1943. Rita W. Edwards resigned from the Civil Service position of senior clerk-stenographer (CAF-5) October 8, 1948. She was appointed by the Freer Gallery as administrative secretary to the Director, October 9, 1948. Ruth W. Helsley appointed senior clerk-stenographer (CAF-5) October 9, 1943. HK. Harriet Link, clerk-stenographer (CAF-4) transferred from the Library of the Smithsonian Institution October 9, 1948. Grace C. Griffith appointed librarian for a period of 1 year October 25, 1943. Elizabeth Hill Maltby, former librarian, trained Miss Griffith for the position of librarian October 25-December 18, 1943. Thomas R. Fullalove, painter, who was retired on account of dis- ability February 15, 1987, died on November 22, 1943. Bertie Turner, attendant at the Gallery since November 17, 1920, retired on November 30, 1948. Ruth W. Helsley, senior clerk-stenographer, resigned on December 4,1948. She first came to the Gallery on November 22, 1920, resigned on February 28, 1922, and was reinstated on May 5, 1930. Alice Copeland appointed attendant (CPC-2) December 9, 1943. EK. Harriet Link promoted to senior clerk-stenographer (CAF-5) December 9, 1948. Grace C. Griffith, librarian, was married to Charles Maxwell Bar- nett, United States Army Air Forces, on April 15, 1944. Burns A. Stubbs resigned from the Civil Service position of chief scientific aid (SP-8) April 23, 1944. He was appointed by the Freer Gallery as assistant to the Director on April 24, 1944. Glen P. Shephard was appointed museum aid (SP-4) from guard (CPC) April 24, 1944. Grace T. Whitney worked intermittently at the Gallery in the Near East section between December 2, 1943 and June 21, 1944. Other changes in personnel are as follows: Appointments.—Alfred Hewitt, a guard on the day watch since August 1, 1936, promoted to sergeant (CPC-5) July 1, 1948. Glen P. Shephard, guard (CPC-4), from military furlough, July 1, 1943. Charles W. Frost, guard (CPC-4), by transfer from Airport Detach- ment, No. 5, Gravelly Point, Va., August 27, 1943. Ethel Anderson, charwoman (CPC-2), by transfer from the United States National 50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Museum, December 9, 1943. George Jonathan, guard (CPC-4), ap- pointed December 15, 1943. Pearl Fisher, charwoman (CPC-2), appointed December 23, 1948. Milton Williams, laborer (CPC-2), ap- pointed May 1, 1944. Victoria L. Dickerson, charwoman (CPC-2), appointed May 4, 1944. George S. Young, cabinetmaker, appointed by the month for special help in the shop, May 8, 1944. Separations from the service.—George S. Young finished temporary employment as cabinetmaker, November 4, 1943. Julia A. Robinson, charwoman (CPC-2), transferred to the United States National Museum, December 8, 1943. Pearl Fisher, charwoman (CPC-2), re- signed March 22, 1944. Walter McCree, laborer ee on in- definite furlough So naval duty, April 4, 1944. Respectfully submitted. A. G. Wentry, Director. THE Scena Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 5 REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Amer- ican Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944, conducted in accordance with the act of Congress of June 26, 1943, which pro- vides “* * * for continuing ethnological researches among thé American Indians and the natives of Hawaii and the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains. * * *” During the fiscal year emphasis on activities concerned with Latin America has continued. Dr. W. D. Strong, Director of the Ethnogeographic Board, planned to return to his duties at Columbia University soon after the close of the fiscal year, and the work of the Board will thereafter be conducted entirely by members of the Bureau staff. As the war continues and the need for specialized information grows less it is expected that the Bureau may gradually assume more of its normal duties. SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES On January 28, 1944, Dr. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, left Washington on the Sixth National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution expedition to Mexico. The month of February was spent in the states of Michoacén and Jalisco, where a photographic record was made of lacquer working in Uruapan and vicinity, and of pottery making in Tlaquepaque. Ethnological pictures were made depicting the activities and customs of the Tarascan Indians of Lake Patzcuaro. From the beginning of March until the middle of May, an archeo- logical reconnaissance was conducted in southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche, with the principal objective of finding the extent of the early La Venta culture in this area. Several new sites were located as a result of this survey, and photographic records were made of a number of private archeological collections. Dr. Stirling returned to Washington on May 22, 1944. During the year a report by Dr. Stirling, “Stone Monuments of Southern Mexico,” was issued as Bulletin 138 of the Bureau. During the year just passed, Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, completed the reading of proof for Bulletin 137, “The Indians of the _ Southeastern United States.” 51 52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 A study of the much discussed Norse expeditions to America was undertaken and a manuscript completed embodying the results. During the course of the year Dr. Swanton furnished to the Navy Department more than 1,000 Indian tribal names and names of prom- inent Indians, to be used for naming war vessels. Approximately 200 of these have been used. On June 30, 1944, Dr. Swanton retired from the Bureau after almost 44 years of service. Dr. John P. Harrington, ethnologist, continuing his American In- dian linguistic studies, digcanaed evidence suggesting that Quechua and Aymara, the languages of the two most highly civilized groups of aboriginal South America, are related to the Hokan stock of western North America. This is the first time that a linguistic relationship has been indicated between North and South America. In addition to this Dr. Harrington has reduced the number of linguistic stocks in South America by establishing the relationship of many groups previ- ously considered to be separate. ~ Because of his unique knowledge of languages, Dr. Harrington has been called upon daily by the Office of Censorship to translate letters written in little-known languages from all over the world. During the year several short papers on linguistic subjects have been published in scientific journals. On July 5, 1943, Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., senior archeologist, went to Abilene, Tex., where he spent 5 days investigating a prehistoric Indian burial which had been exposed 21 feet below the surface in a bank of the Clear Fork of the Brazos River by floodwaters and which was in danger of being washed away by a new rise. Studies of the deposits at the site showed that the burial had been made during the closing days of the Pleistocene or the beginning of the Karly Recent geologic period about 10,000 years ago. The skeleton was turned over to the division of physical anthropology of the United States National Museum, where it has received careful study and has added to the knowledge of the physical type of the early Texas Indians. Returning to Washington, Dr. Roberts spent the remainder of the summer and the months of early autumn preparing contributions to, obtaining pictures for, editing the manuscript, and reading proof of a manual, “Survival on Land and Sea,” which was prepared for the Publications Branch of the Office of Naval Intelligence, United States Navy, by the Ethnogeographic Board and the staff of the Smithsonian Institution. He later worked on a revision of this man- ual for a second edition and also served as a consultant for a similar manual being prepared for the Army Air Forces. During this period he also furnished information to several other branches of the armed services and some of the war agencies. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53 _ Dr. Roberts also worked on his final report on the excavations at the Lindenmeier Folsom Man site in northern Colorado, a project completed shortly before the outbreak of the war, and also wrote a number of articles for publication in scientific journals. On March 16, 1944, Dr. Roberts was appointed a member of the Smithsonian Insti- tution’s Committee on Personnel Utilization and from that date until the close of the fiscal year devoted considerable time to the activities of that committee. During such periods as the Chief was absent from Washington, Dr. Roberts served as Acting Chief of the Bureau. On September 1, 1948, Dr. Julian H. Steward, anthropologist, was appointed Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology, an autono- mous unit of the Bureau, reporting directly to the Secretary. His work as editor of the Handbook of South American Indians also con- tinued concurrently. A brief statement on these two projects will be found later on in this report. At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. Alfred Métraux, ethnologist, was teaching in Mexico City, through an arrangement with the Na- tional University of Mexico. He returned to duty on August 1, 1948, and assisted Dr. Julian H. Steward in the preparation of the Hand- book of South American Indians. Dr. Métraux was appointed Assist- ant Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology on September 18, 1943. He completed four papers for the Handbook, and also gathered bibliographical material for several other contributions and assembled notes for the articles of the Handbook’s fifth volume. During the fiscal year Dr. Henry B. Collins, Jr., ethnologist, con- tinued his work as Assistant Director of the Ethnogeographic Board. As in the previous year, the activities of the Board for which he was responsible concerned research in connection with regional and other information requested by the Army, Navy, and other war agencies. He represented the Smithsonian Institution and the Ethnogeographic Board as a technical adviser to the Emergency Rescue Equipment Sec- tion of the Navy and wrote the Arctic section for the booklet “Survival on Land and Sea.” Some 750,000 copies of this official Navy survival manual have been distributed to the fleet and shore stations. Dr. Collins contributed the sections on geography, history, and anthropology for an article on the Aleutian Islands, which will be published as one of the series of War Background Studies of the Smith- sonian Institution. During such time as was available, Dr. Collins continued his re- searches on the Eskimo and the southeastern Indians. Dr. William N. Fenton, ethnologist, continued to serve as research associate of the Ethnogeographic Board. With the assistance of 54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Miss Mae W. Tucker, he has maintained for the Ethnogeographic Board the world file of area and language specialists, which has grown to include more than 10,000 entries for all continents and island areas. This file has been sensei used by the military and other war agencies in their search for specialized personnel. From this file a series of five studies were prepared, together with maps and in- dexes, showing domestic sources of photographs on strategic areas _ of interest particularly to the Navy Department. At the request of the Army Specialized Training Division, the Ethnogeographic Board commenced a survey of area and language teaching in the Army Specialized Training Program and the Civil Affairs Training Schools in 25 American universities and colleges. Dr. Fenton participated in the survey, visiting 13 institutions between December 1943 and March 1944, and since that time has been occupied in writing up ob- servations and preparing reports for the proper offices. In addition to this work, Dr. Fenton continued his studies on the League of the Iroquois, translating a number of texts collected by J.N.B. Hewitt and A. A. Goldenweiser. Dr. Fenton’s publications for | the year were: “The Last Passenger Pigeon Hunts of the Corn- planter Senecas” (with M. H. Deardorff), and “The Requickening Address of the Iroquois Condolence Council” (of J. N. B. Hewitt), in the Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences; and an obituary, “Simeon Gibson: Iroquois Informant, 1889-1943,” im the American Anthropologist; also several book reviews and notes in scientific and literary journals. Since joining the staff in December 1943, Dr. Homer G. Barnett, an- thropologist, has served as executive secretary of a committee formed under the sponsorship of the Ethnogeographic Board for the purpose of assembling data upon the existing state of our scientific knowl- edge of the Pacific Island area. The committee includes representa- tives of the geological, geographic, linguistic, political science, and anthropological disciplines. As executive secretary Dr. Barnett has served chiefly as organizer and coordinator of the committee’s ac- tions. Since some of the committee members are located outside of Washington, considerable correspondence has been necessary as well as meetings both in Washington and New York. When not engaged in the above activities, Dr. Barnett has worked on the organization of field notes on various Salishan and Northwest Coast tribes, having in project a series of publications stressing cul- tural change among the Yurok, the Tsimshian, the Yakima, and the Makah. He has just pale one manuscript dealing ih the Indian Shaker cult of the northwestern United States. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55 INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY As stated above, Dr. Julian H. Steward, anthropologist, on Septem- ber 1, 1948, became Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomous unit of the Bureau reporting directly to the Secretary. As Dr. Steward was instructed in the official order establishing the Institute to report to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, there are presented here brief abstracts from Dr. Steward’s reports to Dr. Wetmore, Acting Secretary. The Institute of Social Anthropology was first conceived in July 1942 and a project for its work was placed before the Interdepartmen- tal Committee for Cooperation with the American Republics in Au- gust of that year. Its stated purpose was to carry out cooperative training in anthropological teaching and research with the other American republics. For the fiscal year 1944, $60,000 was made avail- able for the work of the Institute by transfer of funds from the State Department appropriation. In September 1943 the Director visited Mexico and established the terms of an agreement for the work of the Institute with the authori- ties of the Escuela Nacional de Antropologia and the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, submitting this to the Depart- ment of State in late September. After some months of delay encoun- tered in completing the agreement, Dr. George M. Foster, engaged by the Institute as anthropologist in charge of the work in Mexico, pro- ceeded to that country in May and started work in cooperation with the organizations mentioned above. Dr. Donald D. Brand also repre- sented the Institute in Mexico as cultural geographer. No formal agreement has yet been entered into for similar work in Peru. Nevertheless, Dr. John Gillin, appointed by the Institute in January 1944 as anthropologist, commenced work in that country on an informal basis. The remaining 6 months of the fiscal year were devoted to reconnaissance and teaching at Cuzco and Trujillo. A memorandum agreement for cooperative work in Colombia was submitted early in 1944, but at the close of the fiscal year it had not yet been reported out. A new series in social anthropology entitled “Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology” was started with two papers, which went to the printer just before the close of the fiscal year. No. 1 was on “Houses and House Use of the Sierra Tarascans,” by Ralph L. Beals, Pedro Carrasco, and Thomas McCorkle; No. 2 was entitled “Cheran, a Sierra Tarascan Village,” by Ralph L. Beals. 661718—45——5 56. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS The editing of the Handbook of South American Indians, begun some years ago, was continued during the year by Dr. J ulian H. Steward after September 1, 1948, under his appointment as Director of the Institute of Social ee enter. Funds for the preparation ~ of the manuscript are transferred to the Smithsonian Institution from the State Department appropriation for “Cooperation with the Ameri- can Republics,” and the Bureau will pay the cost of publication in its Bulletin series. Volume 1, “The Marginal Tribes,” and volume 2, “The Andean Civil- izations,” were completed during the year and sent to the printer. The manuscripts of volumes 8 and 4 were nearly completed. The Handbook is a truly cooperative project, as one-half of the 100 contributors are scientists of the other American republics. SPECAL RESEARCHES Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the Bureau, continued her work on the study of Indian music by writing a manuscript enti- tled “Omaha Music,” with transcriptions of 64 songs. This manu- script was based upon research in Nebraska in 1941 and included re- recordings of several songs that were recorded for Miss Alice C. Fletcher by the same singers. The date of the previous recordings was said to have been 1887 to 1890 and the songs are included in Miss Fletcher’s “Study of Omaha Indian Music,” published by the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, and in “The Omaha Tribe,” by Miss Fletcher and Francis La Flesche, in the Twenty-seventh Annual Re- port of the Bureau. Many songs in Miss Fletcher’s work were recog- nized by men who had not the tribal right to smg them. The present manuscript includes old songs of Omaha military and social societies, songs connected with the First World War, and songs of legends and the hand game. Miss Densmore compiled and presented to the Bares a chronology of her study and presentation of Indian music from 1893 to June 1944. This chronology was based on diaries, scrapbooks, and Reports of the Bureau. During a portion of the year she was engaged in completing the handbook of the Smithsonian-Densmore collection of sound record- ings of American Indian music for the National Archives. EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS The editorial work of the Bureau continued during the year under the immediate direction of the editor, M. Helen Palmer. There were issued one Annual Report and six Bulletins, as follows: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 576 Sixtieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1942-1948. 9 pp. Bulletin 133. Anthropological papers, numbers 19-26. ix+615 pp., 34 pls., 62 figs. : No. 19. A search for songs among the Chitimacha Indians in Louisiana, by Frances Densmore. No. 20. Archeological survey on the northern Northwest Coast, by Philip Drucker; with appendix, Early vertebrate fauna of the British Columbia Coast, by Edna M. Fisher. No. 21. Some notes on a few. sites in Beaufort County, South Carolina, by Regina Flannery. No. 22. An analysis and interpretation of the ceramic remains from two sites near Beaufort, South Carolina, by James B. Griffin. No. 23. The eastern Cherokees, by William Harlen Gilbert, Jr. No. 24. Aconite poison whaling in ASia and America: An Aleutian transfer to the New World, by Robert F. Heizer. No. 25. The Carrier Indians of the Bulkley River: Their social and religious ; life,-by Diamond Jenness. No. 26. The quipu and Peruvian civilization, by John R. Swanton. Bulletin 136. Anthropological papers, numbers 27-82. viii +375 pp., 32 pls, 5 figs. : No. 27. Music of the Indians of British Columbia, by Frances Densmore. No. 28. Choctaw music, by Frances Densmore. No. 29. Some ethnological data concerning one hundred Yucatan plants, by Morris Steggerda. No. 30. A description of thirty towns in Yucatan, Mexico, by Morris Steggerda. ; No. 31. Some western Shoshoni myths, by Julian H. Steward. No. 32. New material from Acoma, by Leslie A. White. Bulletin 138. Stone monuments of southern Mexico, by Matthew W. Stirling. vii-+84 pp., 62 pls., 14 figs. Bulletin 139. An introduction to the ceramics of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico, by C. W. Weiant. xiv+144 pp., 78 pls., 54 figs., 10 maps. Bulletin 140. Ceramic sequences at Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico, by Philip Drucker. ix+155 pp., 65 pls., 46 figs. Bulletin 141. Ceramic stratigraphy at Cerro de las Mesas, Veracruz, Mexico, by Philip Drucker. viii+95 pp., 58 pls., 210 figs. The following publications were in press at the close of the fiscal year: Bulletin 187. The Indians of the Southeastern United States, by John R. Swanton. ; Bulletin 142. The contemporary culture of the Céhita Indians, by Ralph L. Beals. Bulletin 148. Handbook of South American Indians. Julian H. Steward, Editor. Volume 1. The Marginal Tribes. Volume 2. The Andean Civilizations. List of Publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, with index to authors and titles. Revised to June 30, 1944. Publications distributed totaled 14,903. In addition to the regular work, the editorial staff of the Bureau edited the first two publications of the Smithsonian Institution’s Institute of Social Anthropology, now in press. 58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 LIBRARY Accessions during the fiscal year totaled 190. There has been a sharp decrease in accessions owing to war conditions. The routine work of accessioning and cataloging new material has been kept up to date. About half of the cards withdrawn from the catalog for reclassification have been returned to the catalog, with the new numbers added and subject headings corrected. The library has been used considerably for the work of the Ethno- geographic Board and other war agencies. ILLUSTRATIONS During the year E. G. Cassedy, illustrator, continued the prepara- tion of illustrations, maps, and drawings for the publications of the Bureau and for those of other branches of the Institution. MISCELLANEOUS During the course of the year information was furnished by mem- bers of the Bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexican peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various speci- mens sent to the’ Bureau were identified and data on them furnished for their owners. Personnel.—Dr. Julian H. Steward, anthropologist, was appointed Director of the Institute of Social Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution. on September 1, 1943, by transfer from the Bureau, and Dr. Homer G. Barnett was appointed as anthropologist on» December 30, 1943, on the Bureau roll, to fill this vacancy. The work on the Handbook of South American Indians was continued under the Interdepartmental Committee for Cooperation with the American Re- publics after September 1, 1948. Anthony W. Wilding, clerk-stenog- rapher, was appointed Property Officer of the United States National Museum on December 20, 1948, by transfer from the Bureau, and Mrs. Catherine M. Phillips was appointed to fill this vacancy on De- cember 22, 1943, by transfer from the editorial division, Smithsonian Institution. Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, retired on June 30, 1944. Respectfully submitted. M. W. Sririine, Chief. THe SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 6 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Sir: Ihave the honor to submit the following report on the activities - of the International Exchange Service for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. From the appropriation “General Expenses, Smithsonian Insti- tution” there was allocated for the expenses of the Service, $26,137. No money was allotted to the Institution this year by the Depart- ment of State for use in mailing packages to Argentina and Brazil, so that the cost of such mailings had to be met from the regular Exchange allotment. These are the only two American countries with which there are no reciprocal arrangements for the exchange of pub- lications under governmental frank. | The number of packages received during the year for distribution at home and abroad was 407,764, a decrease from last year of 105,696. These packages weighed a total of 243,180 pounds, a decrease of 5,468 pounds. This material is classified as follows: Packages Weight Sent Received Sent Received from rom abroad abroad abroad abroad Pounds | Pounds United States parliamentary documents sent abroad-~---------- 303531037 Saaaeeee 12724016 |S Publications received in return for parliamentary documents---|---------- Uy Al eee ee 1, 544 United States departmental documents sent abroad__-_-_-------- PTS Wp oe se AS GLa Sena Publications received in return for departmental documents-_-__-|---------- 670) |P=a22 sees 1, 530 Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad_-_| 46,700 |---------- 62768) |Eaeneeeea= Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from abroad for distribution in the United States____._.._.-.__----]---------- S00 td | eee 6, 320 MOoLalep attests SOR re Eo Unee eee ee Se eee es 402, 771 4,993 | 2833, 786 9, 394 Grandptotallescrs se cnst sel elu a i ieee IRC Ss a 407, 764 243, 180 Packages are forwarded abroad partly by freight to exchange bureaus for distribution, and partly by mail directly to their destina- tions. The number of boxes shipped abroad was 649, an increase over last year of 6 boxes. Of these, 385 were for depositories of full sets of United States governmental documents. The number of packages sent by mail was 89,688. 59 60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 War conditions have made it necessary for the Institution to suspend shipments to many foreign countries. The countries to which - shipments were being made at the close of the year were as follows: Eastern Hemisphere: Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Portugal. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Union of South Africa. India Australia. New Zealand. Western Hemisphere: All countries. In the report for 1941 it was stated that the British Museum, Depart- ment of Printed Books, had requested the Institution to discontinue the sending of the full set of United States governmental documents for the duration of the war because of the possibility of destruction of the material through bombings of London. About the middle of the current year the British Museum asked that the forwarding of the Government sets be resumed as numerous requests had been re- ceived for information contained in many of the documents. Accord- ingly, all accumulations of official documents for the British Museum were sent and regular transmissions have since been made. FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS The number of sets of United States official publications received for transmission abroad through the International Exchange Service is 93 (55 full and 88 partial sets). On account of war conditions it is possible at this time to forward only 58 of these sets. The remaining 35 are being withheld for the duration. During the year Iran and Iraq were added to the list of those coun- tries receiving partial sets. The depository in Iran is the Ministry of Education at Tehran, and in Iraq, Public Library at Baghdad. The partial-set depository in Afghanistan has been changed to the Library of the Afghan Academy, Kabul. The depository of the partial set sent to Bengal has been changed to Library, Bengal Legis- lature, Calcutta. A complete list of the depositories follows. Under present condi- tions, consignments are forwarded only to those countries listed on tions, consignments are forwarded only to those countries listed above. DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS ARGENTINA: Direccién de Investigaciones, Archivo, Biblioteca y Legislacién Extranjera, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Buenos Aires. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61 AUSTRALIA: Commonwealth Parliament and National Library, Canberra. New SourH Watss: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane. SourH AUSTRALIA: Public Library of South Australia, Adelaide. TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart. Victoria: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA; Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. Betaium: Biblothéque Royale, Bruxelles. BRAziIL;: Instituto Nacional do Livro, Rio de Janeiro. CanapA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. : MAniropA: Provincial Library, Winnipeg. ONTARIO: Legislative Library, Toronto. QUEBEC: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. CHILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago: CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Ministry of Hducation, Chungking. CoLomMBIA: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. Costa Rica: Oficina de Depoésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San José. CusA: Ministerio de Estado, Canje Internacional, Habana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Bibliothéque de l’ Assemblée Nationale, Prague. DENMARK: Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. Eeypr: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn. FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsinki. FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. GERMANY: Reichstauschstelle im Reichsminsterium ftir Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung, Berlin, N. W. 7%. Prussti4 : Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7. Great Brirain: ENGLAND: British Museum, London. Lonpon: London School of Economies and Political Science. (Depository of the London County Council.) Huneary: Library, Hungarian House of Delegates, Budapest. -InpIA: Imperial Library, Calcutta. IRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin. ITaty: Ministero dell’Educazione Nazionale, Rome. JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo. LatviA: Bibliothéque d’Itat, Riga. LHAGUE oF NATIONS: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Mexico: Direcci6n General de Informacion, Secretaria de Gobernacién, Mexico, D. F. NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague. NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. NORTHERN IRELAND: H. M. Stationery Office, Belfast. Norway: Universitets-Bibliothek, Olso. (Depository of the Government of Norway. ) Peru: Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Hx- teriores, Lima. PoLAND: Bibliothéque Nationale, Warsaw. PortTuGAL: Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. Rumania: Academia Romana, Bucharest. 62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Spain: Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Avenida de Calvo Sotelo 20, Madrid. SweDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. SwITZERLAND: Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. TURKEY: Department of Printing and Engraving, Ministry of Education, Istanbul. Union or SourH Argica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. Union or Soviet Soctatist Rerustics: All-Union Lenin Library, Moscow 115. UKRAINE: Ukrainian Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, Kiev. Urucuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. VENEZUELA : Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. YUcosLAvIA: Ministére de l’Education, Belgrade. DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS AFGHANISTAN: Library of the Afghan Academy, Kabul. Bottvi1a: Biblioteca del Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores y Culto, La Paz. BRAZIL: ‘ Minas GeRAEs: Directoria Geral e Estatistica em Minas, Bello Horizonte. BritisH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara. CANADA: : ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Edmonton. British CoLuMBIA: Provincial Library, Victoria. NEw Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton. Nova Scotia: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Legislative and Public Library, SEEING NON SASKATCHEWAN: Legislative Library, Regina. CEYLON : Chief Secretary’s Office, Record Department of the Library, Colombo. CuHiInA: National Library of Peiping. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca de la Universidad de Santo Domingo, Ciudad Trujillo. Hcuapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. GUATEMALA: Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala. Haiti: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. HONDURAS: Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales, Tegucigalpa. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Tegucigalpa. IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik. INDIA: BENGAL: Library, Bengal Legislature, Assembly House, Calcutta. BIHAR AND ORISSA: Revenue Department, Patna. BomsBay: Undersecretary to the Government of Bombay, General Depart- ment, Bombay. Burma: Secretary to the Government of Burma, Education Department, Rangoon. PunJaB: Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab, Lahore. UNITED PROVINCES oF AGRA AND OUDH: University of Allahabad, Allahabad. Iran: Imperial Ministry of Education, Tehran. Iraq: Public Library, Baghdad. JAMAICA: Colonial Secretary, Kingston. LIBERIA: Department of State, Monrovia. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63 Matta: Minister for the Treasury, Valleta. NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Home Affairs, St. John’s. Nicaragua : Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. PanaMA; Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama. Paracuay: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Seccién Biblioteca, Asunci6én. SALVADOR: Biblioteca Nacional, San Salvador. . Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, San Salvador. THAILAND: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. VATICAN City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City, Italy. INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL There are now being sent abroad only 58 copies each of the Con- gressional Record and Federal Register, the number having been reduced on account of the war from 71, as fully reported on last year. The Library of Congress has arranged to have an extra copy of the Register furnished for transmission to Dr. Fermin Peraza for use in connection with his work as director of several pan-American organ- izations at Habana, Cuba. A list of the countries and depositories to which these journals are being forwarded follows: DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD AND FEDERAL REGISTER ARGENTINA; Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Buenos Aires. Camara de Diputados, Oficina de Informacién Parlamentaria, Buenos Aires. Boletin Oficial de la Reptblica Argentina, Ministerio de Justica e Instruccién PGblica, Buenos Aires. AUSTRALIA : Commonwealth Parliament and National Library, Canberra. New SourH WaAtzgEs: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney. QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane. WESTERN AUSTRALLA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. BRAZIL: Biblioteca do Congresso Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. AMaAzonas: Archivo, Biblioteca e Imprensa Publica, Man4os. BAHIA: Governador do Estado da Bahia, Sao Salvador. Espirito Santo: Presidencia do Estado do Espirito Santo, Victoria. Rio GRANDE po Sut: “A Federacio,” Porto Alegre. Srrcree: Biblioteca Publica do Estado de Sergipe, Aracaja. BririsH Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize. CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa. CusaA: Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana. Great BRITAIN: Printed Library of the Foreign Office, London. GuATEMALA: Bibiloteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala. Hartt: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. Honvvura8: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa. 64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Inp14: Legislative Department, Simla. TrtsH Free State: Dail Hireann, Dublin. MEXICO: Direccion General de Informacién, Secretaria de Gobernaci6n, Mexico, D. F. Biblioteca Benjamin Franklin, Mexico, D. F. AGUASCALIENTES: Gobernador del Estado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. CAMPECHE: Gobernador del Estado de Campeche, Campeche. CHIAPAS: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez. CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. CoAHUILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno, Saltillo. Cortim4: Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima. DURANGO: Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Durango, Durango. Guanagsuaro: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato. GuERRERO: Gobernador del Hstado de Guerrero, Chilpancingo. JALISCO: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara. Lower CALIFORNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali. Mrxico: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca. : MicHoacAN: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan, Morelia. MoRELOS: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca. NAYARIT: Gobernador de Nayarit, 'Tepic. Nuevo LEON: Biblioteca del Hstado, Monterrey. Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca. PurBLA: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla. QuerRETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién de Archivo, Querétaro. San Luts Potosi: Congreso del Hstado, San Luis Potosi. SInALOA: Gobernador del Hstado de Sinaloa, Culiacan. Sonora : Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo. TaBaAsco : Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seecién 3a, Ramo de Prensa, Villa- hermosa. TAMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria. TLAXcALA: Secretaria de Gobierno del Estado, Tlaxcala. Veracruz: Gobernador del Hstado de Veracruz, Departmento de Goberna- cién y Justicia, Jalapa. YucatAn: Gobernador del Estado de Yucat&én, Mérida. New ZEeEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. Prru: Camara de Diputados, Lima. UNION or SoutH AFRICA: Library of Parliament, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. Urvuceuay: ‘Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca del Congreso, Caracas. FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES There is given below a list of bureaus or agencies to which consign- ments are forwarded in boxes by freight when the Service is in full operation. To all countries not appearing in the list, packages are sent to their destinations through the mails. As stated previously, shipments are forwarded during wartime only to those countries listed on page 60. : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65 LIST OF AGENCIES ALGERIA, via France. ANGOLA, via Portugal. AZORES, via Portugal. BELGIUM: Service Belge des changes Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles. CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain. CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Ministry of Hducation, Chungking. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de 1]’As- semblée Nationale, Prague 1-79. DENMARK: Service Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen V. Heyer: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulag, Cairo. FiInLanp: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Kasirngatan 24, Helsinki. WRANCE: Service Francais des Hchanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle, ‘Paris. GERMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universitétstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Wheldon & Wesley, 721 North Circular Road, Willes- den, London, N. W. 2. Huncary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Ferenciektere 5, Budapest, IV. INDIA: Superintendent of Government Printing and Stationery, Bombay. ITaty: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’Educazione Nazionale, Rome. JAPAN: International Exchange Service, Imperial Library of Japan, Uyeno Park, Tokyo. Latvia: Service des Hchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque d’Etat de Lettonie, Riga. LUXEMBOURG, via Belgium. MApDAGASCAR, via France. Mapverra, via Portugal. MozAMBIQUE, via Portugal. NETBERLANDS: International Hxchange Bur eau of the Netherlands, Royal Libr: uy The Hague. New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de I’ Uni- versité Royale, Oslo. PALESTINE: Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem. PotanD: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, Warsaw. PortuGaL: Seccio de Trocas Internacionaes, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Hxchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre- tary’s Office, Brisbane. RumaNIA: Ministére de la Propagande Nationale, Service des Echanges Inter- nationaux, Bucharest. SouTH AUSTRALIA: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Govern: ment Printing and Sationery Office, Adelaide. Spain: Junta de Intercambio y Adquisicién de Libros y Revistas para Biblote- eas Pitblicas, Ministerio de Educacién Nacional, Avenida Calvo Sotelo, 20, Madrid. SWEDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. 66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 SwITZERLAND : Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. TasMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart. TuRKEY: Ministry of Education, Department of Printing and Engraving, Istanbul. Union or SourH AFRICA: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. Union oF Sovier Socratist Repustics: International Book Exchange Depart- ment, Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, Moscow, 56. Victor1A: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. — WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. Yucostavia: Section des Fchanges Internationaux, Ministére des Affaires Ftrangéres, Belgrade. M. A. Tolson, who was appointed under the Smithsonian in March 1881, resigned December 31, 1943, after having been connected with the Institution over 62 years. Mr. Tolson was retired from the gov- ernment roll in 1934, but has since been employed by the Smithsonian Institution. He continued to perform his regular duties until his resignation. Clayton L. Polley was, at his own request, retired July 1, 1943. Mr. Polley was a veteran of the volunteer forces of the United States, having served in the Spanish-American war and the Philippine Insurrection. Paul M. Carey, who enlisted in the Army in August 1942 and who was discharged therefrom on account of disability, was, owing to that condition, retired from the Exchanges February 24, 1944. Respectfully submitted. F. E. Gass, Acting Chief Clerk. Tue SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 7 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1944. The regular appropriation made by Congress was $277,130, of which $34,732 was expended for overtime under the special legislation in effect for this purpose. GROUNDS, BUILDINGS, AND ENCLOSURES The primary function of the Zoo is to maintain and exhibit its col- lection of animals. To accomplish this under wartime conditions, it has been necessary to limit other activities strictly to maintenance work. No extensive improvements have been made during the year, and because of the difficulty in obtaining critical materials, even the maintenance work has frequently been of a temporary nature. The gates of the Zoo have been open from daylight to dark, and many visitors come to the Park after their working hours. In general, the Park and the collection are in good condition and continue to be used and appreciated by large numbers of visitors. PERSONNEL There has been a fairly consistent shortage of manpower in the Zoo of about 20 percent. ‘This has necessitated the employment of tem- porary labor when it could be obtained, which has thrown a heavy burden onto supervisors to whom such untrained personnel was- assigned. ‘The additional supervisory burden has been well carried out, with the result that the care of the Park and of the animals has not been seriously neglected. On December 31, Head Keeper W. H. Blackburne retired. For 17 years past the retirement age he had been retained by Executive order, and on December 81 completed service of 53 years. He came to the Zoo in 1891 as Keeper, and was made Head Keeper the following year. In 1913, accompanied by Mrs. Blackburne, he went to Egypt to bring back a collection from the zoo at Gizah. Jumbina, the National Zoo’s large African elephant, was one of the specimens he brought back; also the pair of cheetahs that lived in the Zoo for nearly 15 67 68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 years. On his retirement the Smithsonian Institution appointed Mr. — Blackburne consultant to the Director for life. In his more than half a century of continuous service, Mr. Blackburne saw the Zoo grow from the original lot of 124 specimens that he brought to the Park from the Smithsonian grounds in a wagon borrowed from the Humane Society to its present size. WARTIME PROBLEMS All zoos have faced wartime difficulties in obtaining food and sup- plies. The National Zoo, however, has received valuable assistance from the managers of some of the large Safeway, A. and P., Giant, and other stores, who have put aside for the Zoo trimmings from vege- tables. These are picked up by truck each day and provide the Zoo with greens and certain types of vegetables. Through the United States Marshal’s Office there have been obtained considerable quan- tities of food condemned for one reason or another as not fit for human consumption, including several tons of peanuts, quantities of soy beans, and other products, which have been of material aid. ATTHNDANCHE _- The attendance for the year was: Tuillyece were ne As ae 172,100 February ________-__________-__ 58, 200 PROUSUISN, Soe a 204, 500. March __-____--__-_ 22 97, 450) Septeniine rs eae ea aes 228. SOO) Agri! y. ene aise The eee 207, 982 Octobe Meese ee 1492750: Midy; 200s ose eee 269, 500 INOVeMbere2 2 eae ee 00 ——————————— 169, 000 i BYeverss ail a(S) Queena an ea re ae 42, 850 —____—_. SF QIU ANY. Ae Se a 72, 300 otal wes Se ee es 1, 808, 532 Although no actual tabulation was made, it was apparent that mili- tary and naval personnel constituted a very substantial proportion of the total number of visitors. There has been a good attendance from various schools and groups who have come by whatever means of transportation were available. It is interesting to note that the number of visitors is more even throughout the week than hitherto, although naturally the attendance reaches its peak on Saturday afternoons, Sundays, and holidays. The number of family picnic parties has greatly increased. Medical groups have come to the Zoo for the purpose of studying certain types of animals, and the Zoo office receives many requests from the War and Navy Departments and other agencies of the Govern- ment for information on biological problems. The Zoo continues to be a regular study ground for art and biology classes, as well as a focal point for inquiries about animals by mail, by telephone, and in person. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69 ACQUISITION OF SPECIMENS The animal market has naturally been restricted by the small num- ber of shipments being made from abroad, but a moderate number of desirable specimens have been obtained by purchase or exchange. Among these are a trio of Dama wallabies, the two females of which have produced young since their arrival from the San Diego Zoological Society ; a Diana monkey, also from the San Diego Zoological Society; a pair of cotton-headed marmosets, a pair of scarlet cocks-of-the-rock, and a young male jaguar. GIFTS Through the Army a number of interesting and valuable specimens have been obtained. Among these are a pair of those rare birds, the kagus, presented by the Free French Government of New Caledonia ~ through Lt. Gen. A. M. Patch and brought to Washington by Lt. John H. Fulling while on leave. On a subsequent voyage, Lieutenant Full- ing obtained for the Zoo a pair of flying phalangers and a fine carpet python. The Army of the U.5.S. R. presented to the Persian Gulf Command, United States Army, through Maj. Gen. Donald H. Connolly, a young Russian bear from the southern Caucasus. This bear, “Mischa,” was brought from Persia to Washington under the good care of Lt. A. J. Miller. From the Medical Section, India China Wing, Air Transport Com- mand, through Col. Don Flickinger, came a collection of Indian rep- tiles, including cobras, kraits, Russell’s vipers and a monitor lizard. These were brought to Washington by Corp. Wesley H. Dickinson. Another interesting addition was a baby howling monkey. A complete list of donors and their gifts follows: DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS W. Alderson, Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks. Ord Alexander, Washington, D. C., red-bellied turtle. Army of the U. S. S. R., through Commanding General, Persian Gulf Command, Maj. Gen. Donald H. Connolly, U. S. Army, Old World brown bear. W. H. Aughinbaugh, Arlington, Va., 3 Reeves’ pheasants. Mrs. C. A. Baker, Washington, D. C., alligator. Jack Baldwin, Washington, D. C., alligator. George Ballou, Bethesda, Md., raccoon, short-tailed shrew, sparrow hawk, 80 white mice, crow, fence lizard. Mrs. Nell Barger, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Dr. Paul Bartsch, Washington, D. C., chain or king snake. Mrs. G. N. Bates, Alexandria, Va., raccoon. J. H. Benn, Silver Spring, Md., worm: snake. Mr. Berg, Fredericksburg, Va., red fox. Mrs. John P. Bressler, Bethesda, Md., nine-banded armadillo. 70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 James G. Brunzos, Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks. S. M. Call, Mocksville, N. C., through North Carolina State Museum, Raleigh, N. C., albino opossum. Donald A. Campbell, Chapel Hill, N. C., vervet monkey. T. L. Canby, Silver Spring, Md., barn owl. Dr. H. J. Carter, Washington, D. C., great blue heron. Miss Margaret Carter and Miss Doris M. Rice, Washington, D. C., sereech owl. Miss Frances Chatfield, Washington, D. C., alligator. Peter Chittick, McLean, Va., spotted turtle, 3 milk snakes. Robert Clagett, Landover, Md., Pekin duck. Dr. Marie B. Clark, Cardozo High School, Washington, D. C., garter snake, hog-nosed snake. Tom Collingwood, Washington, D. C., tarantula. Mrs. Edward Costello, Washington, D. C., red fox. K. L. Curtis, Washington, D- C., raccoon. Gordon Daiger, Washington, D. C., 2 Cumberland terrapins. James Daphney, Washington, D. C., 2 alligators. Claudine DeHaven, Glasgow, Va., corn snake, black snake. Glenn Dixon, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk. Joanne V. Dyke, Washington, D. C., anolis. J. E. Ennis, Washington, D. C., barn owl. Colonel Evans (address unrecorded), red-tailed hawk. William L. Foster, Rockville, Md., barn owl. F. F, Fox, Hyattsville, Md., 2 box turtles. John Francis, Jr., Washington, D. C., opossum. Mrs. Jean B. Fraser, Takoma Park, D. C., 5 American toads. Free French Government of New Caledonia, through Lt. Gen. A. M. Patch, U. S. Army, 2 kagus. ; Mrs. Freeman, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant. Lt. John H. Fulling, U. S. Army, carpet python, 2 flying phalangers. Stephen Gatti, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk. Gordon Gaver, Thurmont, Md., indigo snake. William C. Gawler, Bethesda, Md., 3 Pekin ducks. Roger Granum, Washington, D. C., white rabbit. Mrs. William S. Green, through C. Purcell McCue, Appledore Orchard, Greenwood, Va., 2 sika deer. Mrs. Charles Greer, Alexandria, Va., 3 Pekin ducks. Granville Gude, Washington, D. C., alligator. Willie Haltzman, Alexandria, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. John N. Hamlet, Fish and Wildlife Service, College Park, Md., 4 meadow mice, 2 northern ravens, 7 pine lizards, 2 blue-tailed skinks, 4 six-lined race runners, pilot black snake. Ernest O. Hammersla, Washington, D. C., howling monkey. Mrs. H. Hanford, Washington, D. C., 3 canaries. Maj. D. Elmo Hardy, U. S. A., 1 Hoolock gibbon. Richard A. Harman, Alexandria, Va., alligator. J. W. Harrison, Mt. Rainier, Md., 2 Pekin ducks. Richard T. Heckman, Washington, D. C., 2 white mice. Dr. Roy Hertz, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md., 18 American toads. Mrs. Hibben, Vienna, Va., pilot snake. Thomas M. Hopkins, Laurel, Md., water snake, snapping turtle. Thomas M. Hopkins and Cylde T. Miles, Jr., Laurel, Md., 3 snapping turtles, spotted turtle, 2 box turtles. C. S. Howeil, Remington, Va., guinea pigs. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 71 Gordon L. Jessup, Potomac Heights, D. C., black snake. Miss J. M. Jones, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot. Mrs. W. A. Justice, Edgewater, Md., double yellow-headed parrot. Mrs. Kanthal, Washington, D. C., white squirrel. games G. Keller, Washington, D. C., alligator. Alfred Kendall, Washington, D. C., cardinal. Mrs. I. A. Kniazev, Silver Spring, Md., Cuban conure. Mrs. Alta Brill Kremer, Maurertown, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. Mrs. Martha Lawty, Washington, D. C., Texas horned lizard. Ralph D. Lindsey, Silver Spring, Md., snapping turtle. Miss Margaret Love, R. R., Leon, Kans., great horned owl. Mrs. Lorraine Lowe, Washington, D. C., gray fox. Francine Lee Lyons, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. M. K. Macknet, Takoma Park, Md., pilot snake. Medical Section, India China Wing, Air Transport Command, through Col. Don Flickinger, M. C., king cobra, Indian cobra, banded krait, common krait, 2 monitors, 2 tree snakes, Russell’s viper, 2 rat snakes, 5 pythons. Mrs. John C. Meikle, Washington, D. C., 2 zebra finches. George J. Merrick, Washington, D. C., barn owl. W. H. Meserole, Washington, D. C., black-ecrowned night heron. B. Miller, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Billy Monroe, Washington, D. C., opossum. Benjamin Muller, Washington, D. C., pilot black snake. National Capital Parks, Washington, D. C., water snake, tadpoles, Gambusia holbrooki. Harry Neuman, Washington, D. C., 2 alligators. Fred Orsinger, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C., 4 hellbenders, 10 diamond-back terrapins, mud turtle, 4 mudpuppies. Joseph Pignataro, Washington, D. C., 6 ring-necked snakes. Freeman Pollock, Washington, D. C., timber rattlesnake. Scott Price, Washington, D. C., green racer. Anna M. Rager, Washington, D. C., 3 paradise fish, three-spot gour ami, 4 blood- fins, 100 Trinidad guppies, catfish, 300 snails. Miss Anna Rees, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck, mallard duck. R. H. Riggs, Chevy Chase, Md., 2 Pekin ducks. Lt. Laurance S. Hocketelcr, Washington, D. C., European goldfinch, white zebra finch. Mrs. M. L. Rue, Washington, D. C., 4 muscovy ducks. Migual A. Ruiz, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake. D. R. Sampson, Brentwood, Md., 2 red-shouldered hawks. Miss Eugenia Sasa, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet. Miss Katherine Sater, Washington, D. C., black snake. Daniel Schroeder, Washington, D. C., 2 blue tanagers, 3 Pekin robins, 2 diamond doves, Cuban bullfinch. Alfred L. Schwoser, Washington, D. C., red fox. Sandra Seymour, Riverdale, Md., great horned owl. Charles P. Shaeffer, Jr., West Haven, Md., alligator. Pfc. A. W. Sharer, United States Army, pilot snake, black snake, 2 copperheads, 2 blue racers. Patsy and Linda Shaw, Washington, D. C., alligator. Robert B. Sherfy, Washington, D. C., screech owl. Robert Skhosteck, Washington, D. C., ee fence lizards, spotted turtle. 661718—45——6 72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Mrs. J. R. Skinner, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet. David W. BE. Smith, Washington, D. C., De Kay’s snake. Mrs. W. R. Smith, Cottage City, Md., 3 ring-necked doves. Melvin Snyder, Washington, D. C., Cumberland terrapin. Mrs. Rebecea Spitler and Dian Suunbrun, Bethesda, Md., 4 Pekin ducks. K. H. Spivey, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Mrs. L. D. Staver, Washington, D. C., barred owl. Mrs. George Strawbridge, Washington, D. C., alligator. Ralph Swiggard, Washington, D. C., worm snake. Mrs. Taylor (address unrecorded), 5 opossums. Edward M. Traylor, Washington, D. C., titi monkey. James H. Turner, Dunn Loring, Va., coatimundi. Dr. H. R. van Houten, Bethesda, Md., garter snake. Ralph C. Wainoskey, United States Army, rhesus monkey. Frank J. Walker, Arlington; Va., 2 flying squirrels. R. E. Walker, United States Navy, Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C., painted turtle, diamond-back terrapin, praying mantis. T. Wampler, Washington, D. C., 2 crows. Ward Farms, Amelia Court House, Va., red fox. Theodore Weiner, Washington, D. C., pine lizard. Mrs. H. J. Wells, Washington, D. C., diamond-back terrapin. Richard Wells, Washington, D. C., desert tortoise. J. A. Wheeler, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk. J. H. White, Washington, D. C., gray squirrel. Margie, Mary Lu, and June Aileen Wilkin, Washington, D. C., cottontail rabbit. C. W. Williamson, Washington, D. C., cottonmouth moceasin. Ray HE. Wooldridge, Washington, D. C., alligator. J. GC. Wright, Washington, D. C., wood frog. (Donor unknown), 2 bobwhites. NATURAL REPRODUCTION Four sets of twins of the common marmoset were born during the year. A cub was born dead to a pair of Polar and Alaska brown bear hybrids which were born in the National Zoological Park in 1936. Births and hatchings during the year included: MAMMALS Scientific name Common name Number A\GhOCOALA! AGU Oe Sa eal eee Asiatic ctapini i. 2 ee ee 1 Ammotragus lervia_._-_—-- se AQUGADS! 2h oe saat aN pa eee NE SUD OSU OALTAY Se ae Sa ite he eee ae Garis S22 ou ast eee ee 1 BUSOM OTS ON Sk oe SEN see Bisons 27252 5 Sea soa ae a aaa sul BOS SUE LOTUS UES iseae UE eae ZEW as ee OE ee eee al EB OSC OAUTAL Soca siti EE enol cali British Park cattle______________ 1 Caliithniavjiacchiss see ee Common marmoset_______________ 8 Camels bactrianuse == Sees «24; Bactrian: camels sia ae eee 1 Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus________ Green: guenon2_{. 2 ea 1 Cervus canadensis____--- FR eh 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY fs} ‘ Mallow Ce rate 3s Sea a hes % LON let ae a ea agama TT aaa fae fallow (eer uas sakura 6 Dasyproctacroconota prymnolophas=== Agoutl == oss es eee 1 Donechows: paUtagona= =e eee ENN OTD VEATN CR CNV A rs ore oh ee 2 CULES EC ONCOLO Tees nas ins TT Eee Se ee 1 Soi Nt ols seats arate NUM Teese sae ae eeeea Weve CMULAGUS jCMLANICUS === =e So ee PEE ny GR a NS ne ae oe ea RTE SO 1 Microtus pennsylvanicus____---~=--—-— Meadow mouse____---__-________ 4 WMUOCASLOl COUDUWS= 2 222 Nae ce eee (GLO FO) 0 eee A Receive ama eanesterny Coe Oe 5 GEO NOTICd 2 eo ur el ps Wo eet tira rs es ee oe rena: oy Neotoma floridana attwateri______---- Round-tailed wood rat-__________ 3 OnGILEIISERO COTfiOUts Se GeofiroysS7cates 26 2 A ee 2 (QDR CRUG cea a ae a eee Woolless or Barbados sheep_______ 1 RO CHORE LOUO Ta es ees a placketa CCOO Mma twats techs CSL aa 1 MONOR CEOS UN SUS 2 Ss eee Hybrid bear___________ co Ae 1 BIRDS ATS PHUKET TAR VII O UNS A es Se MME eto ONGC eS 70 IBEQRtD I CONGUCNSIS# 2 = ee Cana dasse0OSe2 ee ae aas some he 50 Branta canadensis occidentalis________ White-cheeked goose________ =____ 20 CONGR INOSCh OCLC 2 eA MUS CONAye. CU Ckes2s Sale gine ape 8 LCC MONET CON Ga 2s Sain ae American coot______ bin hal SNL 10 Larus novaehollandiae______--______-_ Silver 2oull ecm Nae Se 2 Nycticoras nycticoraz naevius____-___- Black-crowned night heron________ 18 RN GUAL TE ILUSOTRUULS ect mre 5 we patie a We Ring-necked dove_.________- = 2 REPTILES Agkistrodon mokeson__-_--_--------- Copperhead snake_________ ee CS 8 Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis_______ AMIGA tORWZAT assesses A aan 1 Natria septemvittata____________-____ Queen or moon snake____________ 15 INGCHUBASUD ECO OM in es Ye eee ee Banded water snake____________ 51 INGEST COLEUS ULOL Os eS Brown water snake__________ 39 TRAMNODNIS) SIViGlis ao 2 8 ee Midwest garter snake__________ 12 LOSSES Losses include the African rhinoceros, which died after 13 years in the Zoo; a slow loris, after 5 years and 10 months; a mandrill, after 18 years and 7 months; and the maned wolf, after 10 years and 6 months. A scarlet ibis died after 19 years 11 months; a roseate spoonbill, after 9 years. A large reticulated python, deposited for exhibition by Clif Wilson, died during the winter. A cast has been made of this snake for permanent exhibition in the United States National Museum. When the dead snake was sent to the Museum, it measured 24 feet 8 inches. Since 8 or 10 inches of the tail was missing, this specimen was well over 25 feet in length, and the dead body weighed 305 pounds, making it one of the largest snakes ever exhibited. 74. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 Statement of accessions Am- In- How acquired Mam- | pirds | ReP- | phib- | Fishes | AT@C2- | verte- | Total ians brates Presented es eee Born or hatched__-_--.---.-- Received in exchange Purchased 222252 an Onkde posite as ae i Collected in the Park____-_-- pet Rare ee col Peers PRONE (Mie Ca oie Oe ok 1 SIO bale See ied eee 185 338 311 77 14 1 1 927 | Summary Animalsion hand ihuly 1) 1943 2s ee Sa eee 2, 485 Aceessions’ during the: year a2 ee ee 927 Total animals in collection during year_____-______________________ 3, 362 Removals from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on CLEP Si se a Ee Ne 736 In: collection: June ‘30; 19442 2 eos i ee 2, 626 Status of collection Species as Species oe Class and sub- | 'ndivid- Class and sub- | Individ- Fi uals * als species species Miamimnalseas2sess= so oseae eee 210 677 || Arachnids__.._____-__.._-_---- 2 Birdseeces soe se eee 312 ‘909)||pIinsects@aae=e nek aeeeies 1 100 Reptiles______- Senet 114 447 eS Amphibianse=2 se. 222 s5 = 20 120 Totalki2o. SV ae 096 2, 626 ISHS see See 37 368 A list of the animals in the collection follows: ANIMALS IN THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK JUNE 30, 1944 MAMMALS MARSUPIALIA Scientific name Common name Number Didelphiidae: Didelphis virginiana_____-____-______ Opossum) 222+" 3s 4 Phalangeridae: Petaurus breviceps_________________ Lesser flying phalanger___________ 2 Petaurus norfolcensis_________-______ Australian flying phalanger_______ 2 Trichosurus vulpecula______________ Vulpine or brush-tailed opossum__ 1 Macropodidae: Dendrolagus inustus______-____--_ New Guinea tree kangaroo________ 2 Dendrolagus inustus finschi___-_____ Finsche’s tree kangaroo_________ See Macropus major___________________ Great gray kangaroo_____________ 1 Thylogale eugenit____________-_____ Dama wallaby__-__-____________- D Phascolomyidae: Vombatus ursinus__.___-____________ Flinders Island wombat_____--___ 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 75 INSECTIVORA Scientific name Common name ‘ Number Soricidae: Blarina brevicauda______----------- Short-tailed shrew__-____-_-__--_ 1 OARNIVORA Felidae: Acinonyx jubatus_____-______----_- Cheetah Se 228s ee 1 CUI SECHOUS EE ae oe 2 EE eS Junelexcat les as Sew ae De 1 CLUS = CONCOLOT = a oe Se Puma Peace ee eee ee 5 Felis concolor patagonica____------- Patagonian puma —-~---__---____- 1 Felis concolor X Felis concolor pata- North American X South American OTC pete SS ts Wen ee ee POUR 4 es a Oe SENS 4 JRATES UA a ee a Tignes: Ssh re See ee 6 ‘ JASUAT SS Se Se ee eee 5 Felis onca__—_--—--_--_----.------- fee jaguar eee ee eee 2 Mel senand Qlisea = se eee ee (OY ere) (ay cat ste SaaS Ba ea ba ieee 3 5 Indian pleopard2=22 3 OTIS DIT Black Indian leopard____----__--- 2 CUSMLIY TIS eae a ae ea Bengal tigers seas se ee 2 Felis tigris longipilis________-_------ Siberianstigers222 27 ewe eee 1 Felis tigris sumatrae____-_--------~--. Sumatran! cers ae 4 DY ND ATA AUS os A ee Bayly nx ee ee 2 Lyng rufus baileyi_.-__--_-- --------. Baileys lynx) se eee 1 LOGI DER OHNO D510) Osh GS 1 Neofelis nebulosa_______-_---------- Clouded leopard____-_-----__--__- 1 Oncifelis geoffroyi______------- ----- Geofiroy’s'cat= a. 20 Stee 4 Profelis temminckti______---_-------- Golden’ cat 2222s eae ee 3 Viverridae: Arctictis binturong-—----_--------_--. Binturon yee ee ee ee 2 Oivettictis civetia___.-----=----_-__ Atricanvcivet2e= 222) aie eee 1 Myonaz sanguineus___-----------~-- warts Cive tee = Se eee ee 1 Paradovurus hermaphroditus__-___-_- Small-toothed palm civet___--__--_- 1 Hyaenidae: Orocuta crocuta germinans___----_-- East African spotted hyena____-_~ 1 Canidae; Canismlatrangee 2 22s Se ese oe es CO y OTe eae eG eee SUAS Fer 2 Canis latrans X familiaris_____-___-_ Coyote and dog hybrid_-_--------- 1 Canis lupus nubilus_______-_-__-_---- Plating Paw ofa ea ae 2 CONISGU USES ea ee EE Texas red wolf__-------_----_-_=- 5 Cuon javanicus sumatrensis pee aula aN Sumatran wild dog___----_------- 1 Dusicyon culpaeus________--------~- South American fox __---_------_ 2 Dusicyon (Cerdocyon) thous____-__-. South American fox____-___-__-___ 1 Nyctereutes procyonoides_____-____-. Raccoon dogs See 2 Urocyon cinereoargenteus__________- Greeny eR ee ee 9 VU DES LU Css ee Red fox aes ss ae 11 Procyonidae: INCSUCRNOTICH sa ees ee ‘Coatimundi Br erg Pe 10 Nasua nelsoni = Nelson’s coatimundi____-_____---- 1 IPOLOSlAVUWSE ess 1 ee iinkajou 222 22 oe 7 PROCYON) lOLOn = ee ee Black raeccoon__-___------------—- 1 : JRE OO) Nae ee ee 5 | Albino raccoon=22222—-==__-_ == 1 76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 CARNIVORA—continued Scientific name Common name Number Bassariscidae : Bassariscus astutus__—__-=—----_____-. Ring-tail or cacomistle____________ Mustelidae: Arctonya collaris______-_-__-____-_- — SEleg badgers 2. ee ee Grisonella huronag___-_________-___ Grisone 253.2 Aa eee Inutra canadensis vaga___-_____-:__-_. Florida otter__________-_______-__ Lutra (Micraony@) cinerea____-___- Small-clawed otter____-__-______-__ Martes (Lemprogate) flavigula hen- UCU tras Baek Woe Nee pS ie Diane Asiatic ‘marteno ). 2220 oe Meles meles leptorhynchus__________. Chinese badger____-______________ Mellivora capensis_________________. Hat 2) itera uae ere ee Tie Mephitis mephitis nigra__-_________- SSR vrei Ep Mustela campestris____---—--_______ Plains least weasel or ermine___—_ Mustela eversmanni_________=___-__ Perret 2203 ee ee Tayra barbara barbara_____________- White) tayraee. oe eee Tayra barbara senilis-_________~__-- Gray-headed tayra____-__---_--___ Ursidae: Huarcios americanus __..-__--____= Black. bears: 220 See Fuarctos thibetanus __---___-_-_____ Himalayan: bears Helarctos malayanus _____-~------_= Malay or sun bear________-_--____ Melursus ursinug___------_-------_- Sloth: bear 22322) 25S eae Thalarctos maritimus___---____--_-- Polar bears: 22sec. Wir eee Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus mid- COKER KONO fee en Sa eS Hybrid bears2]2 222 see eee Tremarectos ornatus _.-__-________~_ Spectacled bear __-__---___-___-__ ORSUS ORCL OS Site Se eo cna Sie Ses European brown bear__-----_--_~ Ursus arctos meridianalis___________ European brown bear____------__ SWS OY GS Sa ae ne ay Se Alaska Peninsula bear__-___-_—__— Ursus middendorffi ____-______----__ Kodiak bear..222 Sse ae UTSUSTSUEK CENSUSES =e eee Sitka: brown! bearis. 4S PINNIPEDIA Otariidae: Zalophus californianus______-------- Sea dion 23 ee eee Phocidae: Phoca vitulina richardii_________--_- Pacific harbor sea]_--__------_--__ PRIMATES Lemuridae: LECMUTRMNONG Oca ee See ee Mongoose lemur________--__-___-- Callitrichidae: Callithria gacchis2 es ee White-tufted marmoset_____--__-_ Callithria penicitlata_______________. Black-tufted marmoset _____--_-__ Tamarin (Oedipomidas) geoffroyi___ Geoffroy’s tamarin--___._________ TOMOrin NU 0g ss ee * Yellow-handed tamarin____-______ Tamarin (Oedipomidas) oedipus____ Cotton-top tamarin__-_--_____-_-~ Tamarin (Leontocebus) rosalia _____ Lion-headed or golden marmoset___ Saimiridae: Saiminioscvineg 22 es ee Titi or squirrel monkey___________ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY PRIMATES—continued Scientific name Common name Number Cebidae: Alouatia palliata mewvicanus—___-_-- Howling monkey -_____-__________ 1 Aotusitrunirgatuss 2 Douroucouli or owl monkey__-___- 6 Ateles vellerosus__-_*________--____ Spidersmonkeya. 2222 2s See 9 Cebus apellqe = eee Grays capiech ine sess a Sie 2 Cetus: capucinius == eee White-throated capuchin__________ 2 Cebus fatuellus — = -_----__----___ Weeping capuchin_-_________-______ 5 Lagothriv lagotricha ___----------_- Woolly monkey ---_-________-____ 1 Cercopithecidae: Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus__ VWervet guenon ___________________ 1 Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus______ Greenwey en ones a= see een 6 Cercopithecus diana_____-_--__-__-- DIAN AFAIMONKe ye eee ee ee 1 Cercopithecus diana roloway________ Roloway, monkey 22 ees 1 Cercopithecus neglectus ________-___ De“Brazza’s suenon= 282s 1 Cercopithecus nictitans petaurista___ Lesser white-nosed guenon_______- 1 Cercopithecus sp —----------__---___ West African guenon________-___- 1 Gymnopyga maurus —__--___________ MOOT a Ca qa Me Ea ee 1 MCCOCOUSCOLG =o 2a eee ee Japanese macaque__-_____________ 2 Macaca irus mordagv_________-_-___- VAVANe MN Aca es = a ee ee See 6 Macaca: mulatta == Rhesus. macaques 22222 ea eee 6 Macaca mulatta lasiotis ___________- Chinese macaque________---___-__ at Macaca nemestrina________-________ Pig-tailed macaque__-_-_____-_--__ 2 ATCO COMSUTLCO Sas tein tern free wa eres Toque or bonnet macaque_________ 1 MGECCOn SN CClIOSW= a Eis ee Red-faced macaque ______________ 1 Mandritls sping 2 ING Ge a0 Ber cement ate See ee ae ee aca et 2 IRODIGKICOMLA WSS See se a ee (Chia era 2s Ss ee ee ee 1 Papio cynocephaltus_________________ Golden) baboons222 2 ae 1 Hylobatidae: Hylobatesiagilis= 20 ee Sumatran, gibbon] ss ats) Sea 1 Hylobates hoolock____-___------_--- Hoolock-2ibbonas2 22 ews Sass 1 Hylobates lar pileatus______________. Black-capped gibbon______________ 1 Symphalangus syndactylus__________ Siamiame eo: pone = tate eerie at Pongidae: POULT OGLOOY LCS = as See as FE @ hip ai 7,0 ei he on 2 Pan troglodytes verus______________. West African chimpanzee________ 3 IPORGO. GUCUi Aes ee Sumatran orangutan____-__--___- 1 PONGORDUOGTIUGCALS 2a es Bornean orangutan2_—)~_=---= 2 RODENTIA Sciuridae: Oitellus townsendii_________________ Soft-haired ground squirrel______ 1 Citellus tridecemlineatus___________ 13-lined ground squirrel__________ ae OCynomys ludovicianus______________. Plains prairie dog-__--________+ -. oO Glaucomys volans__________________. Hivines squirrel eee ee 6 Marmotea monagv. = 3-8 Woodchuck or ground hog_________ 7 Sciurus carolinensis________________. Eastern gray squirrel (albino)_____ 1 Sciurus finlaysoni__________________. Lesser white squirrel____________ 3 Tomias siriatugs— Eastern chipmunk_______________ 1 Heteromyidae : Dipodomys merriami_______________- Merriam’s kangaroo rat_.._________ 1 Dipodomys ordii____________- _____ = OLGZS Kane ano; bats == ees 33 78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 RODENTIA—continued Scientific name Common name Number Cricetidae: Mesocricetus auratus_________------. Golden hamster_____------------- 15 Microtus pennsylvanicus___--------- Meadow mouse-_-_~-----_---_--_-_ 11 Neotoma floridana attwateri______-_-. Round-tailed wood rat---_-_----_ 8 Onychomys leucogaster_______--_-~- Grasshopper mouse_-_--------____ 1 Peromyscus crinitus auripectus___-—~ Golden-breasted mouse_---------_~ 1 Peromyscus leucopus___-—~----------- White-footed or deer mouse__—--_- 2 Peromyscus truei_______________--_- True’s white-footed mouse________ 1 Sigmodon hispidus___-_-__-------_--- Cotton \rat= 2-222 eee eee 2 Muridae: Mus musculus. 22 White and other domestic mice_____ 8 Rattus alewandrinus._____------__-- Roof rat and black rat___._______ 1 Rattus norvegicus—-..__-=---------~ White and pied-colored rats______ 2 Hystricidae: Acanthion brachyurum___—_----_--_-.- Malay porcupine_______-_________ 3 Atherurus africanus___._-______-___ West African brush-tailed porcu- pines) 22 ee eee 2 SUID UUCCL Cee er African porcupine________________ 1 Thecurus crassispinis sumatrae____-- Thick-spined porcupine___________ 1 Myocastoridae: Myocastor coypu-__-------_-------- COy PUSS 2 a eee 16 Cuniculidae;: Cuniculus paca virgatus____-------- Central American paca___________ 1 Dasyproctidae: DGsSy proach a as Oe wee ee ees Speckled agouti_________________ 4 Dasyprocta croconota prymnolopha__ Agouti __-__--_--_______________-- 2 Caviidae: Cavia,-porcetluss Coe Gea TF Sc a ai Angora guinea pig--______________ 1 Dolichotis patagona_____-_-__-_--__-_ Patagonian. Gavyyoes. == ae 5 Hydrochoeridae: Hydrochoerus hydrochoerus_________ Capybara e222. 222 ee Ree 1 LAGOMORPHA Leporidae: Oryctolagus cuniculus ___-_.------__-_ Domestic rabbit________________ i ani ARTIODACTYLA Bovidae: Ammotragus lervid_____-_____-__-__ AOUGAEE Se Soe ea ee 12 Anoa depressicornis_________--_--_-— AMO 9 i a ee 1 AN ODKQUAT ELST Ma ee Mountain, anoa = a see 1 Btbos gaurus\-=2— = Gaur’ Soe ee ee 3 : : American) piSOn= == sane 15 Be Cte a ae Albino bison...) ee 1 BOS IN GLCUS Sie oS eal perce Zebu 220 sa a ae 6 BS OS LOUNGE ee is ees a Texas longhorn steer_________---_ 1 BOS tOUTUS ses ee ee West Highland or Kyloe cattle____ 2 BOSS COUTWS ao es a British Park cattle______--____-- 4 Bubalus bubalis_______-___________- Indian’ buitalos32 Sa 1 Cephalophus mawwellit _-_____.-____ Maxwell’s duiker___--___________ 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ARTIODACTYLA—continued Scientific name Common name Number Bovidae—Continued. Cephalophus niger _-__------------- Black duiker22 22s ieee eee 1 Oephalophus nigrifrons _______-----~- Black-fronted duiker_______--____ 2 Connochaetes gnou_-___------------ White-tailed gnu__-_-----_-______ 1 Hemitragus jemlahicus___---------- CADE) aN Sepa i lean AS 8 Oreotragus oreotragus______-------- Flipspringers]2o24 epee eo 1 Oryx beisa annectens_______--__---- Ibean’ beisa: onyx) = eee 2 OUTSRO TLCS es a es Woolless or Barbados sheep___-_-__- 3 Ovis europaeus ____-____----__-_-_- MO rfl O17 i ee ite Dae ee 2 Poephagus grunniens___-___--__---__ IM eq gee Shae a ada Ea 5 Pseudois nayaur _-___-_--___----_--- Bharal or blue sheep_____-________ 3 Synceros caffer —-__--____------------ APriGanapWitalO) 22a see ee 2 Taurotragus ory _--____-_-___----_ 1 EDU Tee (GP asp NERS ee aR NE ph eS 3 Cervidae: ANOS: CERES OS A ep PSE ACIS sO CT seas Ray eta 4 Cervus canadensis _____-__________- PNigaXS) ei (Cle Way (=) lea eee EE Ee Ve 5 Cervus elaphus _-__---_-____.. Rede Cer 3 as on is ak RS ees 6 Mall Ow Geers swiss ee ern Ear ee 14 Ne ee ey White fallow deer________________ 12 Muntiacus muntjak _--------------- Rib-faced or barking deer_________ 1 Odocoileus virginianus _-__-----__-_ Virginia) deers. oues See ee 2 SUR CMNED DON is Ss aie oie ee Le sapanese deers! se bei 4 Giraffidae; Giraffa camelopardalis _____________ Nubiany gar aiten me eae ae 4 CGO ARC Reticulatedsgiratie) 2) ss sem eens 1 Camelidae: Camelus. bactrianus ___--_-______-__ Bactrian camel __________________ 4 Camelus dromedarius _____---__-___ Single-humped camel __-__-_______ 1 Ona Quamna = 25 ee eee es EAS af Wee Sea aarti WN pe OAR 3 LE OMOROUOTUC: GLA TCO = = ae SE GUAM ACO ee 2 LAT ULE FUSS SG ISN TNA HOV Cha Ve DS asec 2 Vicugna vicugna___________________ WA CIITA eats A De ae uae oe 2 Tayassuidae: Pecan wangulatus= == = sas ees see Collared peceary_____-_____-_____ 2 NOY OSSit=DCCOit== ae White-lipped peceary_____-____--_ 1 Suidae: Babirussa babyrussa____________-__ Bia Din SS al ease ee a eee 2 Phacochoerus aethiopicus aeliani____ East African wart hog______--___ 3 IS2SiRSChOiG 222 Seats te Law ener European wild boar_________--__-_ 1 Hippopotamidae: Choeropsis liberiensis______._.____-__ Pigmy hippopotamus___-----_____ 9) Hippopotamus amphibius___________ Hippopotamus —_____~____-_______ 2 Equidae: PERISSODACTYLA Equus burchellii antiquorum_____---~ Chapman’s zebras. 2 ae 4 Equus grevyi_.-_2_-___._-_____ +. Grevy)si¢zebras: oss ae ee 1 Hquus grevyi x asinus________------~ Zebra-ass hybrid___-_____-_______ 1 Hquus grevyi x caballus_____________ Zebra-horse hybrid________-___--_ 1 SEL GUUS ICU ee Asiatie wild ass or kiang______~_ 2 Equus przewalskii_________________ Mongolian wild horse__________-- 3 EL GAUSS CDI Stee ese A rs ag ee Mountain zebra__________________ 1 79 80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 PERISSODACTYLA—continued Scientific name Common name Number Tapiridae: ‘ AGROCOWIG GWT OS Asiatic tapinis] ie sae eee 2 VERS UGFRGHR Ba South American tapir____________ 3 Rhinocerotidae: : Rhinoceros unicornis_______________ Great Indian one-horned rhi- MNOCEEOS S22 eee eee 1 PROBOSCIDEA Hlephantidae: EHlaphas maximus sumatranus__-———~ Sumatran elephant_______________ 1 Loxodonta africana owyotis________ African elephant__________-~______ 1 HYRACOIDEA Procavia capensis_____________=____ By ra xe eo Oe es 2 EDENTATA Choloepodidae : ‘ Choloepus didactylus_______________ Two-toed sloth__________________ 2 Dasypodidae: Chaetophractus villosus_________--_ Hairy armadillo__________-______- 1 Huphractus sexcinctus___________-_ Six-banded armadillo_____________ 1 BIRDS CASUARIIFORMES Casuariidae: Casuarius bennetti papuanus_______- Papuan’ cassowany22-2 = aes 1 Casuarius casuarius aruensis_______._. Aru cassowary—----------__--___- rk Casuarius uniappendiculatus occipi- COLL ES ea ARIST NB SR Island cassowary__----__________- 1 Casuarius uniappendiculatus uniap- FNC K COUR IS One-wattled cassowary____------- 1 Dromiceiidae: Dromiceius novaehollandiae________- Common, emus 202 2 Sea eee 2 SPHENISCIFORMES Spheniscidae: Aptenodytes forsteri__.______________ Emperor penguin_________-_____-_- 3 Spheniscus demersus_______________- Jackass penguin___-____-=--_--___ 4 Spheniscus humboldti______________- Humboldt penguin_____-_______--_ 2 TINAMIFORMES Tinamidae: Hudromia elegans______-__-____-_.____. Crested tinamou or martineta_____ 2 PELECANIFORMES Pelecanidae: Pelecanus californicus______________ California brown pelican__________ 4 Pelecanus conspicillatus____________- Australian pelican________-______ 2 Pelecanus erythrorhynchus_________- White pelican_-______-__-______-__ 4 Pelecanus occidentalis______________ Brown pelican—______________--__ 3 Pelecanus onocrotalus______________. European pelican_______________-_ 2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 8] PHLECA NIFORMES—continued Scientific name Common name Number Sulidae: MORUSIORSSONG 22 a Ganne pss aes i ai a ceed 1 Phalacrocoracidae: Phalacrocoraz auritus albociliatus__. Farallon cormorant ______________ lt Anhingidae: AMIGO CUNTNG Ck YX aN] OWE BY £5 TRANS AM RS ah SEM es 3 Fregatidae: GCG CLO OTC ls manee Sita aniache Pee esas Lesser frigate bird_________-_____ 1 CICONIIFORMES Ardeidae: VAT CO BIUCT OCG 8 me area ee Pre I Sea aR Great blue heron________________. 2 Ardea occidentalis_________________- Great white heron_-____ -_________ 1 PH OMCEUOMUVULG 22 2 ee TS Se Snowy. egretss=2 seer ee ) TINATEKGNTS (COAG ae eS Little blue heron_________________ 14 Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis_______. Louisiana heron. 2222 sss 14 Notophoyx novaehollandiae_________. White-faced heron______________ BOSE esa Nycticorax nycticoraw naevius______- Black-crowned night heron_______- 30 Cochleariidae: Cochlearius cohlearius______________ Bosthillsherones tems awe are Naa Pe Ciconiidae: Dissoura episcopus_________________ Woolly-necked stork _____________ 1 HDUSRCIN CRC Sa Sees ee Malays sto 1a see at ee co ees 2 Leptoptilus crumeniferus___________- Marabou 2 ea ain ea pipe tins NO 1 Leptoptilus dubius- Indiansadjutant2= seen ae ae 1 Leptoptilus javanicus______________- lesser adjutant=s ean we ee Ae 2 Mycteria americana________________. WOO Geib Seta ee tothero YEU aaa 1 Threskiornithidae: CGD, CRUD a BE oS SV GN HNL SS SWAT Ee pil 1S ee ens es eee UN ee 8 Guara alba X G. rubra_____________ Hybrid white and scarlet ibis______ 1 (QCERID, TOAD RUS eases Cad Sie Ns Is Searle tai la iss Se TRE Nr ara ee 1 Threskiornis aethiopica________-___-_ SACTCADIS as as ses et ak ee 1 Threskiornis melanocephala____--__-~ Black-headedeibis 22 at eee a Threskiornis spinicollis________._____ Straw-necked ibis_._-____.. = ss—(iti Phoenicopteridae: Phoenicopterus chilensigs_____-______ Chilesnatlamiiing 026 ae iiss may ane ky 2 Phoenicopterus rubra. 2 Cuban flamingo ______ COVA AS ied ANSERIFORMES Anhimidae: Chaunacristata== = SEARS OEE A Crested screamer ___________ 2 eh ( Anatidae: AWS ROMO ea ete Se GU I ad Hah Ss WiO0Gs Cuchi as sas = Sete ES 7 Alopochen aegyptiacus______________ Hgyptian goose_____-________ Saget ef ANGS UT OSINENSIS 222 2a Brazilianetea ses es 2 PACE SAO OMCSTICOR Demat eis bs AU eee SE @ Hes ra 2 U1 Cg a SI 12 Anas platyrhynchos _____-__-_______ Mallardi< dickies sos i es 50 PI OOISS ROMO ROY Gg ES AIS BS oer eS Ba eke Ch eae eR AN 6 Anser albifrons --_____-____________ American white-fronted goose_____ 3 Anser cinereus domestica___________ Toulouse goose___________________ 3 Anseranas semipalmata ____________ Australian pied goose _____..______ 2 82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 ANSERIFORMES—continued Scientific name Common name Number Anatidae—Continued. Branta canadensis ___--_----------- Canada. g00se/—- <2 25 Branta canadensis hutchinsii________ Hutchin’s goose_____-____________ 4 Branta canadensis minima____-_---- Cackling goose.__—---~_-____--= === 8 Branta canadensis occidentalis _____ White-cheeked goose__________-___ 25, Cairina moschata __-__-__-__-___--_ Muscovy ducks 22°22 eee 11 Casarca variegata____--_----___-__- Paradise duck 22222.) eae 1 Cereopsis novaehollandiae __________ Cape Barren goose________-_____-_ jie Ase Chenvatlantica== aa eee SNOW; £00S@222 2 eee 3 Chen caerulescens______--___-____-_ Blue goose: 22-2 eee 2 Ohenonisvatrata= =e eee Black swans 2200) Sale Chloephaga leucoptera_.____-__-_--_-- Magellan goose________-_________- 2 Cygnopsis cygnoides________-_-----_ Domestic goose________-___-______ 2 Cygnus columbianus_______-__-_--__ Whistling swan __-_-____-____-__- 2 Cygnus melancoriphus________---_-- Black-necked swan __-__-_________ 1 CYONUSOLOT See ee ee Mute swan )2=) 2 32 eee eee 5 DOR OCULD 22s ere eae inn ep BL a 8 Dafila spinicauda____-__--_ Chilean: pintail222 ae ae alt Dendrocygna arborea_____-______-__ Black-billed tree duck ____-_--____ 3 Dendrocygna autumnalis _.__-__-___ Black-bellied tree duck__---_-__---- ae Dendrocygna viduata____--__-_-_--- White-faced tree duck____________ 4 Dendronessa galericulata________-_- Mandarin duck2222232 ee 4 Mareca americana_____---__---_----- Baldpate 222.20 eee 1 SWICK FOUR OES a Lesser scaup______-_~___--.-__-_- 1 Marita collanisa =e eee Ring-necked duck __-__-___-______ iL Neochen jubata —------__ 7 Orinoco go0se<{= 3 2 ae 2 Nettion carolinense________-________ Green-winged tea]__-______________ 1 Nettion formosum____-______-___--_ Baikal: teal.) 2.4: 3s 5 INYGOCO ESD ee SE een Hybrid: duck2223 ees 1 Nyroca valisineria____-__ = -—____-_- Canvasback duck__---__ === 1 Philacte Canagica ses ee Emperor: gooses 2 eee 3 Querquedula discors____-_______-__- Blue-winged teal_-_--__-________- 8 Cathartidae: CGthantes OCs ee Se ee Turkey: vulturez22)2 2s oe eee 2 CORAGUDS QUO Se a ae Black) ‘vulture s2 2: 22S ee 1 Gymnogyps californianus_______-_-~ California condor _—--—~_~_=—_=_= 1 Gypohierag angolensis____________- Vish-eating vulture_______________ 1 Gypsrup pellit 2 ewe ee ee Ruppell’s vulture_________--____- 1 Sarcoramphus papa____--___-_-___- King: vultures) 2222 ee eee 1 Torgos tracheliotus________________ African eared vulture__-___-___-_ 1 Accipitridae : ING NIKAR QOD) NAR Cooper's. hawk= == es 1 Buteo borequise: isn Dist oes Red-tailed) hawk... =e 8 Buteo lineatus elegans_____________ Southern red-shouldered hawk_-__ 1 Buteo lineatus lineatus_____________ Red-shouldered hawk__--_----_--- 2 Buteo melanoleucus______--________ South American buzzard eagle____. 2 Buteo platypterugs___________-__-___ Broad-winged hawk__---__------- 1 Buteo poecilochrous________-__...-- Red-backed buzzard_________-_--- 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 83 ANSERIFORMES—continued Scientific name Common name ~ ‘Number Accipitridae—Continued. Haliaeetus leucocephalus___--____-- Beall serie: eas ae ee 6 Matiastur’ indus o- ee Brahminye Kites: os Sees 5 LEO DE WORD Harpy (eagles sss i nore aaasieed 2 Hypomorphnus urubitinga____-__--_- Brazilian eagle 22302 ss aaa 1 Milwago chimango___------------__~ Chiman go 7222 Peewee ene 3 Milvus migrans parasitus___________ African yellow-billed kite________ 2 Pandion haliaetus carolinensis______ Osprey or fish hawk______________ 1 - Parabuteo unicinctus___________--_- One-banded hawk___-_---__--____ 1 Falconidae: ; Cerchneis sparverius________-______ Sparrow, awk ee a an 5 Daptrius americanus_______________ Red-throated caracara___________ 3 Falco peregrinus anatum_______--_- Dek Ha wk 2a eee Te i Polyborus plancus__-------------_-- South American caracara_______- 1 GALLIFORMES Cracidae: Crap asciolataa 2 eee Crested curassow____-_-----=_... 2 CRO DRI WONG OS Bes a Panama curassow=_—-__-____-____ 1 Orawersclatert 28 ee Sclater’s curassow-______-_-_____ 1 PUG RUM TIU LE Ue nica aN ee Razor-billed curassow____----____ 2 Phasianidae APGUSTUNUS “ATGUS=2 22 Se Argus; pheaSant=-=== =e) eu eT aD Caireus walichii__.___-.___________ Cheer’ pheasant: 287 c iio hae 3 Chrysolophus amherstiae_______--_- Lady Ambherst’s pheasant________ 1 Chrysolophus pictus_________-______ Golden®pheasant2222 sais 5 COolinusecristatuse== = ae Crested: quail] 22.2 a ea 2 Colinus virginianus________________ BOD Wii Ge to ss ee 1 (COULSON eS ee Red jungle fowl_________________ 4 GOllSHlafayettt= 2 ee eh Sas Ceylonese jungle fowl_____________ 1 OTS Se ae PES Bantam chicken__________________ 1 GTS Speake ee a Mghting fowl] so eee ea 1 GOUAIS Syst aae se Long-tailed fowl ___________-_____ 1 Gennaeus albocristatus_____________ - White-crested kaleege____________ 3 Gennaeus nycthemerus_____________ Silver) pheasant==2.2 ees 6 Hierophasis swinhoti_______________ Swinhoe’s pheasant______________ 2 Lophophorus impeyanus____________ Himalayan Impeyan pheasant_____ 1 Lophortyx californica vallicola_____ \Yeillkenye: Coppel iseksaie none ee eee 2 PAUVORCTISTOLUS = ee Ne Deters THO) be coe Se I ON a 4 : Ring-necked pheasant____________ 6 Phastanus torquatus__—------_______ White ring-necked pheasant_______ B} Phasianus torquatus (var.)____..__. Melanistic mutant ring - necked : YO) OVEYENCEST 0) case se al Saal 3 Phasianus versicolor_______________- Green Japanese pheasant_________ 1 Polyplecitron napoleonis_____________ Palawan peacock pheasant________ 1 Syrmaticus reevesi_________________. Reeves’ pheasant____-____________ 2 Numididae: Acrylium vulturinum_____---___-__.- Vulturine guinea fowl___-_____-__ 1 INAVINUDG ASPs a ees Guinea fowle sesh eee 2 84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 o GRUIFORMES Scientific name Common name Number Rhinochetidae: j Rhinochetos jubatus_______----_--_- TER US 2 Ut Na ae 1 Gruidae : Anthropoides paradisea____________- Stanley or Paradise crane________ 3 Anthropoides virgo_—__--__~-____-___ Demoiselle crane_____-___________ 5 Balearica pavonina__-__--__-______- West African crowned crane______ 3 Balearica regulorum gibbericeps____ East African crowned erane______ 1 Grus canadensis canadensis________- hittle brown Crane] 2s ea alt Grus leucauchen___----------_____-. Wihite-naped- crane_2_= ==" 225 ese 1 Grus leucogeranus____-__-_________- Siberian’ eri ems aa Dy Rallidae: Amaurornis phoenicurus—_—______-___- White-breasted rai]______-=-__. 2 Fulica americana___—_—__. American COOt#2 2.22 22 Sun eee 6 Gallinula chloropus cachinnans______ Hloridagallinules.2 eee eee 2 Gallinula chloropus orientalis_______ Sumatran gallingle-==s= ase Zz Limnocorax flavirosira___________-_. African black Tall sas ae eae 3 Porphyrio poliocephalus___=_-__-___- Gray-headed porphyrio___________ 2 Cariamidae: Cariama cristata_____-_____=_______ Cariama or seriama_______-______ 2 CHARADRIIFORMES Haematopodidae: : Haematopus ostralegus___-__.--_____. European oyster catcher__________ 2 Charadriidae: Belanopterus chilensis_____.___--___ Chilean lapwing_____ iis Sa eda 2 Laridae: BUS: OT Gentatus2 no es Sane eae Herring. oul tae 1 Larus delawarensis____-_-_--_-____- Ring-billed sul] ae eee 1 Larus dominicanus___——___--- ---_-__ Kelp: gullce22 Se a Se oe oes 2 Larus glaucescens___-----..------+-.- Glaucous-winged gull__-__________ 1 Larus novaehollandiae______-------- Silvergullo=s 2220 222 ee ee 15 Glariolidae: : Giareola pratincola_._=.1__.._. ++ Collared pratincole =.=) = rh COLUMBIFORMES Columsbidae : Columba guwinea______-~------------ Triangular-spotted pigeon_________ 1 Columba vids Se ee ea Domestic pigeon__-_-____________-- 3 Columba maculosa_______----------- Spot-winged pigeon___-_____-_____ 1 Ducila. GEned ss ee a ee Green imperial pigeon_____________ 1 Gallicolumba luzonica__________-__-_- Bleeding-heart dove__--__--_--_-~-_ 4 Gounaseristatazs 2 os es Sclater’s crowned pigeon____-____- 1 Gouna victorig= = SS ee Victoria crowned pigeon____-_--__ 1 Beptotwa COSsing ae eee Gassin’s< doves 232 ell Muscadivores paulina_____-__----~~ Celebian imperial pigeon______-__ 1 Streptopelia chinensis_______--__--~- Asiatic collared dove_______-----_ 1 Streptopelia chinensis ceylonensis._ Lace-necked or ash dove____-__-- 3 Streptopelia tranquebarica____----- Blue-headed ring dove-__------_-- 2 TUTtun TUSOTiws. 2 eee Ring-necked dove___--_---------- 12 Zenaida auriculata_________-__-_-_- South American mourning dove_-__ 5 Zenaidura macroura____-_--------- Mourning ‘@0ve.2 22.32 eee 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85 PSITTACIFORMES Scientific name Common name Number Psittacidae: Agapornis pullaria__--—-_—_____-___ Red-faced lovebird_-——~---—-_-_-—_ 3 Amazona auropalliata___________--- Yellow-naped parrot__-___--____-__ 4 Amazona ochrocephala____---------~ Yellow-headed parrot___-------~- 1 AO CONG BORED 2a Saeee aet sae Double yellow-headed parrot__-____ 2 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus_____-_- Hyacinthine macaw__----~------- 1 AG OnGTGUnd== 2s 22 ie ee eee Yellow and blue macaw_-__-----~- aD, PAG ee CO Oat es oe ne eS Red, blue, and yellow macaw___--~ 2 AE CRRTTULU CEO TG ee ee ee Mexican green macaw____-------_ 1 ARGUING ACO) S22 a es Cuban conure=== eee 2 Calyptorhynchus magnificus_—_—-—~- Banksian cockatoo__—_---~-—-~--~- 1 CondcopsisaMigra= = a Lesser vasa parrot_____-_--______ 1 CGyanopstitacus spixi__--=-- = = SDE(S: nace aaa 1 Ducorpsis sanguineus___—-~---_----- Bane-ey.eds COCKkatoo== assess 1 DGECHIIS. WAKO ee HClectus pave es 1 Eolophus roseicapillus______-------- Roseate cockatoo______+_-____ as 33 FOCIGLEO CR DUD Oe tlio A ee Whites cockavoos a2. sles 2 KiGhotoe: Galenita 228 Large sulphur-crested cockatoo____ 2 Kakatoe leadbeateri_________-___--_- Leadbeater’s cockatoo____-_-______ 2 Kakatoe molueccensis_________+---- Great red-crested cockatoo__----__ a Kakatoe sulphurew________--_____ Lesser sulphur-crested cockatoo____ 5 Lorius domicella___-____-_-_- Raja lo ryee: 0 ae a ey pa 2 LOTiws: -gorruluss os DESY Linea CG) tyre Seu he SN Ue es I 1 Melopsitiacus undulatus____________ Grass pao que tia ee wee ae 12 Myopsitta monachus_____--_________ Quaker paroquet_________________ 1 Nandayus nanday_------ INBHOVOPNA jobeoKo Keo ee 1 Nestor notabiligs____________-___-_ Re ey eae ie Oe ec ee A a 1 Nymphicus hollanidicus__._________ Wo eka tie | Pea ieee RAEI a Sas eS 1 Pionites sxanthomeria__________--_- Amazonian eGaique-_—-_—_-_---___ 2 Psittacula .eupatria________________ Red-shouldered paroquet______-__ 3 ePSiihaGula TT OMert <2 Kramer’s paroquet_______________ Be Psittacula longicauda_____--____-__ ong-tailed= paroquet === 2 Tanygnathus muelleri_____________- Muellerzsmparrot sete ee ies a. CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae : Eudynamis scolopaceus________-_-- J EQ{oy =) lack eas ene to pa tee reer ee SUC ce 2 ee 1 Musophagidae: Turacus livingstoni_____----------- Livingston’s turacou________----__ 1 STRIGIFORMES Tytonidae: Tyto alba. pratincola______________ 1 BYR ales CON be se Pe OE 3 Strigidae: NO UR EO se Great horned’ Owle 2222 2 ee "fh NGG HTH OC LOGO DT BEN Miantayaa fi Sai wl a 1 INSOLE One NI CLCOS 2 stem een ot eee SOAs 10 Wy. Ee eS es eet 1 COE USSU ae Se A ee DA Era er Sereechs (Owl 228 an eae 3 Sinta varia variacz = TERE L) Oi Cl tes LN Se ee ie 4 86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 CAPEIMULGIFORMES Scientific name Common name Podargidae: Podargus strigoides_______--------~ Tawny frogmouth_______---___ COLIIFORMES Coliidae: Coliusesiniatus= = See Streaked mouse bird or coly____ CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae: Dacelo gigdssa ee Kookaburra: 22222250 as Halcyon, Ssanctus==—2 5 Se Sacred kingfisher___-__________ Momotidae: Momotus lessoni_____-_------------ Moto ty PICIFORMES Ramphastidae: Aulacorhynchus sulcatus sulcatus___ Groove-billed toucanet_________ Piteroglossus aracari___..---------- Black-necked aracari__________ Ramphastos carinatus__------------ Sulphur-breasted toucan-----__ Ramphastos culminatus____-------- White-breasted toucan_________ Ramphastos piscivorus____-_-_-_---- Toeo:; toucan! 22 eee PASSERIFORMES Cotingidae: Melanotis caerulescens______------- Mexican catbird_________-____ Rupicola peruviana sanguinolenta_-_ Scarlet cock-of-the-rock________ Corvidae: Callocitta formosa__-__------------ Mexican: jays2s52 2282 ae Cisse. chinensis ee Chinese cissa_____-_____----_- Cissilopha yucatanica____-_--------- Yucatan blue jay____--_______ Corvus al0usicce = ssee eee ses White-breasted crow________-- Corvus brachyrhynchos__----- zs so Se American crow__----_____--__ Corvus corax principalis_____-_----- INOTthern ravens see eee COrewuss COnN DS aie ees ee Hooded: 1crow22 2 ee Corvus cryptoleucus______---------- White-necked raven___----___-_ Corvus insolens_________-.---.----- Indian crow__----~- aus Cyanocorax chrysops__------------- Urraca jay.) 25 eee Cyanocoraw mystacalis_________-_-- Moustached jay -___-__________ Cyanopica cyana@____---------+----- Azure-winged pie____-_--______ Gymnorhina hypoleuca_____--------~ White-backed piping crow--_--_- Urocissa caerulea_--__----_------~--_ Formosan red-billed pie_-——__- Urocissa occipitalis__________------ Red-billed blue magpie____-___ Paradiseidae: Ailuroedus crassirostris_____-_____-- Australian catbird_---_---__-_ Epimachus fastuosus____-_--_-__-__- Sickle-billed bird of paradise___ Ptilonorhynchus violaceus__.__-____ Satin bowerbird --___-.___—___ Seleucides, Nigena= == 12-wired bird of paradise_____ Pycnonotidae; Pycnonotus analis_____________-____ Yellow-vented bulbul_________-_ Irenidae; LUROGUOR A DOKL IG NS as De Fairy blue bird_________-____ pies ee 7 ies Sei REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 87 PASSERIFORMES—continued Scientific name ; Common name Number Mimidae: . Melanotis caerulescens_____--------- Blue mockingbird____-_____-_____ 1 Toxostoma rufum——i-——=—- ese Brown thrasher-2-2-=-02 =) - if Turdidae: Garrulagz pectoralis picticollis______-. Chinese collared laughing thrush__ 1 Garrulax perspicillatus_______----_-. Spectacled laughing thrush_______ 1 LD QUOUDRIED UVOKODTS Se Se Pekin ero bins eee a eed 2 MURCUS Ghia i= = EON Pee Bonaparte’s thrush____---________ 1 Turdus rufiventris___.._-_-____... ee) Argentines. FO pin ek ee Sturnidae: Cosmopsarus regius.2 __--- Splendid starling_________________ 1 Creatophora cinerea__.__--_-_-_-_-_- Wattled starling--__-_--___-______ 1 Galeopsar salvadorti____-___-------. Crested starling_______-__________ 1 Graculipica melanoptera___________- Wanitesstarlingecits ccs eee ee 1 Ploceidae: Diatropura procne__-___-_-_-_______- Giant. why dahl cs See 4 Lonchura leucogastroides___~----__- Bengalees iene 2s) oe ence ae a 5 DYEOUDRGT COC OR DLS SN SSS EE ODOT Sue SUE White-headed munia______________ 2 Mang qmataceq _-=— 2 = fae ee Black-throated munia___-__________ 1 Mania oryeivord@s 2 ee DANA SPALL O Wee 2s aka le ec is a6 Munia punctulatus_______--------_- Rice bird or nutmeg finch____-____ 2 SOGOU DORI TG Sr Se BVA EWR AV CL =: ai sco See eee 3 Ploceus intermedius____-_-_-_-_--___ Black-cheeked weaver__---------- 5 PIOCEUWS: TUOIGINOSUS= -- = Chestnut-breasted weaver___---___ 1 Roepiilanacuiicaida ee Long-tailed) finch] 1 Poephila gouldiae____-__--_-____=-_ Gouldiang finch] 35 aa 2 Quelea sanguinirostris intermedia___ Southern masked weaver finch_-___ 2 Slieganura paradisea________--_--__- Paradise whydah___-----________- 5 Taeniopygia castanotis:____________.- Zebra eee ee e Wnite; zebra. finch== 222s 1 Coerebidae: Cyanerpes cyanea_______------_---_.- Blue honeycreeper__-_----------_- 6 Icteridae: AUMELOLUSHOSSUNINS= 2 a Cuban red-winged blackbird__-____ 2 Cassiculus melanicterws_____--_----- NTE xa CHIME GEC Ou Ce een ee rae 1 Gymnomystax mexicanus____-______ GiantOnloleseee ls See ee 1 NCCGPUS WONOG i ee ee Bullocks stroupial====2 a 2 NCGAOS OUTPUT a ADV RCoy nT oS Laat ae a op Rs NE 1 Molothrus bonariensis_________--___ Shinys cow Dit i=. = eee 1 NGHODSOTCUnMEUSS = a a eae Chilean blackbird222252222s 2 Trupialis defilippi_________-___-____ Military.istarline.= sn. et StS Thraupidae: Ganga Oldentatteen === a Orange tanager==-=—-2- = 22s ee 1 Ramphocelus dimidiatus____________ Crimson; '‘tanagers=s= 22222 al Ramphocelus flanumigerus_____-____- Yellow tanager____-__-_--_____-__ 4 Ramphocelus icteronotws___________- Yellow-rumped tanager________-_- 2 Thraupis episcopus_______-_--______ BW ata ae Cie es eee 2 Fringillidae: Amandava amandava____----------- Strawberry. finch==—2- == =e 2 10 Carduelis carduelis_________.____-_-- European gold finch--------__-__- 1 661718—45—— 7 88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1944 PASSERIFORMES—continued Scientific name Common name Number Fringillidae—Continued. Carpodacus mewicanus___----------- Mexican house finch______________ Coryphospingus cucullatus_____---- Red-crested finch________--_______ Cyanocompsa, argentina____-------- Argentine blue grosbeak__________ Dinca dieses 8 ee et es ee Diuca finch: i623 oe Erythrura psittacea____------------ New Caledonian parrot finch_____ Lophospingus pusillus________---__- Black-crested finch -__________ Rugs Melopyrrha nigra___-____-_-------- Cuban bullfinch=]= > 2 ae Paroaria cucullata_____-___-_---___- Brazilian cardinal________________ Passerina cyanea______------___-_-~ Indigo bunting__________________ Passerina leclancherii_______-__-__- Leclancher’s bunting_____________ Passerina versicolor________________ Blue bunting== = eee Phrygilus fruticeti________--------- Mourning finch___________________ Phrygilus gayi. - Gay’s gray-headed finch__________ Serinus canarius__._-_------------ Canary <2 520 ee Sicalis-sflaveola= = ianees Paes Mysto finch} 1) eee Sicaliss Wuteolag 222 Ss ees Saltron: finch! 225s s lee eee SUCCLISAN1110 1p ee ee PEs Lesser yellow finch_____-_________ Spinus uropygialis_____..-__________ Chilean” Siskin# =. 3 ae Sporophila aurita_______--------_-- Hick’s seed-eater_______________-__ Sporophila gutturalis_______________ Yellow-bellied seed-eater__________ Tian si Olvaceg 2 222 eae eee Mexican grassquit________-_______ Volatinia jacarini_-22_-s = Blue-black grassquit_____________ Zonotrichia capensig___________--__ Chingolos 0-33. 23s aes ee REPTILES LOBICATA Crocodylidae: Alligator mississipiensis___________- Adligator:22 223 2 OR eae JAM HIG OKUOIE TUG SUS Ss os a Chinese alligator________________ Onl. UBGEPOSUPIS a5 se Broad-snouted caiman____-_______ CCUM” SOIGROMG Ss Spectacled caiman_______________ Crocodylis ACutus ss ere ees American crocodile______________-~ Crocodylus cataphractus_______-___ Narrow-nosed crocodile___________ Crocodylus nilotieus_______.___-____~ African ecrocodile______-__________ Crocodylus