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%® Smithsonian
Institution

Report of the Secretary and Financial Report
of the Executive Committee of

the Board of Regents

For the year ended June 30
1958

Smithsonian Publication 4345

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1958

CONTENTS

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Bio-Sciences Information Exchange__________________________________
Summodnys of ‘thesyeansiactivitiess 25. 20 Sake ee ee
Changes in organization and staff____________________________________
Reports of branches of the Institution:
United States National Museum___________________-_____________-
Bureau of American Ethnology__._._________________.-___-_____-
Astrophysicaly@bservatory so. 20 ss see yeh
National Collection of Fine Arts_________________________________
reer, Gallenciole Artemia venga topo Lou onl Vt i Maas ot
National AirsIViiise mriielk in Ge em ubi N S
NationaliZoological Parkes set! Ay jy tei) Agee ene a. |
Canal Zone Biological Area_-_____- Ie eat ROR 2) OLIN LA leat ee
imtemational:Mixchange Service! 242 22 Be eee
National Gallenyeofs Agt ie. 2 ah shes leigh ey ors, Sree SOEs
REDOLiOnpunerlibranyes os Oe rll le Moy ee Co EO Sa
REDOGLMOnspUblICALIONS sa. a pen MIN ek a
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_________----

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THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
June 30, 1958

Presiding Officer ex oficio—Dwicnut D. HisrENHOWER, President of the United
States.
Chancellor. —HarL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States.
Members of the Institution:
DwieHt D. EIsrNHOWER, President of the United States.
RicHarD M. Nixon, Vice President of the United States.
Hart WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States.
JOHN Foster DULLES, Secretary of State.
Rosert B. ANDERSON, Secretary of the Treasury.
Nett H. McEtroy, Secretary of Defense.
WILLIAM P. Rocrers, Attorney General.
ARTHUR BE. SUMMERFIELD, Postmaster General.
Frep A. SEATON, Secretary of the Interior.
Ezra Tart BENSON, Secretary of Agriculture.
SINCLAIR WEEKS, Secretary of Commerce.
JAMES P. MITCHELL, Secretary of Labor.
Marion B. Fotsom, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Regents of the Institution:
HWarRL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor.
RicHarD M. Nixon, Vice President of the United States.
CLINTON P. ANDERSON, Member of the Senate.
LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate.
H. ALEXANDER SMITH, Member of the Senate.
OVERTON Brooks, Member of the House of Representatives.
CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives.
JOHN M. Vorys, Member of the House of Representatives.
JOHN NICHOLAS Brown, citizen of Rhode Island.
ARTHUR H. Compton, citizen of Missouri.
Rosert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D. C.
CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALLT, citizen of Delaware.
CaRyYL P. HASKINs, citizen of Washington, D. C.
JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts.
EHazecutive Committee.—RosertT V. FLEMING, chairman, CLARENCE CANNON, CARYL
P. HASKINS.
Secretary. LEONARD CARMICHAEL.
Assistant Secretaries —J. L. Keppy, A. REMINGTON KELLOGG.
Administrative assistant to the Secretary—Mrs. Louise M. PEARSON.
Treasurer—T. F. CLARK.
Chief, editorial and publications division—-PAUL H. OEHSER.
Librarian.—RvutTH EH. BLANCHARD.
Building Manager.—.L. L. OLIVER.
Chief, personnel division.—J. B. NEwMAN.
Chief, supply division—A. W. WILDING.
Chief, photographic laboratory.—F. B. KESTNER.

VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Director.—A. Remington Kellogg.
Administrative Assistant.—Mrs. Mabel A. Byrd.
Registrar.—Helena M. Weiss.

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Director.—A. Remington Kellogg, acting.
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY: F. M. Setzler, head curator.
Division of Archeology: W. R. Wedel, curator; Clifford Evans, Jr., Ralph
S. Solecki, associate curators.
“Division of Ethnology: S. H. Riesenberg, acting curator; R. A. Elder, Jr.,
assistant curator.
Division of Physical Anthropology: T. D. Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman,
associate curator. :
DEPARTMENT OF ZooLoey : Herbert Friedmann, acting head curator.
Division of Mammals: D. H. Johnson, curator; C. O. Handley, Jr., H. W.
Setzer, associate curators.
Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate
curator.
Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, curator.
Division of Fishes: L. P. Schultz, curator; E. A. Lachner, W. R. Taylor,
associate curators.
Division of Insects: J. F. G. Clarke, curator; O. L. Cartwright, R. E. Crabill,
W. D. Field, associate curators; Sophy Parfin, junior entomologist.
Division of Marine Invertebrates: F. A. Chace, Jr., curator; F. M. Bayer,
T. E. Bowman, C. E. Cutress, Jr., associate curators.
Division of Mollusks: H. A. Rehder, curator; J. P. E. Morrison, associate
curator.
DEPARTMENT OF Botany (NATIONAL HERBARIUM): J. R. Swallen, head curator.
Division of Phanerogams: L. B. Smith, curator; R. S. Cowan, E. C. Leonard,
Velva E. Rudd, EH. H. Walker, associate curators.
Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator.
Division of Grasses: J. R. Swallen, curator.
Division of Cryptogams: C. V. Morton, acting curator; P. S. Conger, M. E.
Hale, Jr., associate curators; R. R. Ireland, Jr., assistant curator.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY : G. A. Cooper, head curator.
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: G. S. Switzer, curator; R. S. Clarke,
P. E. Desautels, E. P. Henderson, associate curators.
Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: G. A. Cooper,
curator; R. S. Boardman, P. M. Kier, associate curators.
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator; D. H. Dunkle,
P. P. Vaughn, associate curators.

MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

Director.—F. A. Taylor.
Administrative officer.—J. C. Ewers.
Administrative assistant.—W. E. Boyle.
Chief exhibits specialist —J. B®. Anglim.
Zoological exhibits specialist —W. L. Brown.
Echibits specialists—B. S. Bory, R. O. Hower, B. W. Lawless, Jr.

SECRETARY’S REPORT VII

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: R. P. Multhauf, head curator.

Division of Physical Sciences: R. P. Multhauf, curator.

Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering: HE. S. Ferguson, curator;
E. A. Battison, associate curator; R. M. Vogel, assistant curator.

Division of Transportation: H. I. Chapelle, curator; K. M. Perry, associate
curator.

Division of Agriculture and Wood Products: W. N. Watkins, curator; H. C.
Kendall, associate curator.

Division of Electricity: W. J. King, Jr., acting curator.

Division of Medical Sciences: G. B. Griffenhagen, curator; J. B. Blake,
associate curator.

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURERS: P. W. Bishop, head curator.

Division of Textiles: Grace L. Rogers, acting curator.

Division of Ceramics and Glass: P. V. Gardner, acting curator.

Division of Graphic Arts: Jacob Kainen, curator; A. J. Wedderburn, Jr.,
associate curator ; F. O. Griffith, III, assistant curator.

Division of Industrial Cooperation: P. W. Bishop, curator.

DEPARTMENT OF CiviL History: A. N. B. Garvan, head curator; Mrs. Margaret
C. Clark, assistant curator.

Division of Political History: W. B. Washburn, acting curator; Mrs. Mar-
garet B. Klapthor, associate curator; C. G. Dorman, Mrs. Anne W.
Murray, assistant curators.

Division of Cultural History: C. M. Watkins, curator; G. C. Lindsay, asso-
ciate curator ; Rodris C. Roth, assistant curator.

Division of Philately and Postal History: F. J. McCall, acting curator.

Division of Numismatics: Viadimir Clain-Stefanelli, curator; Mrs. Elvira
Clain-Stefanelli, assistant curator.

DEPARTMENT OF ARMED Forces History: M. L. Peterson, head curator.

Division of Military History: E. M. Howell, acting curator; C. R. Goins, Jr.,
assistant curator.

Division of Naval History: M. L. Peterson, curator.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Director.—F¥. H. H. Roberts, Jr.

Anthropologist.—H. B. Collins, Jr.

Ethnologist—W. C. Sturtevant.

River Basin Surveys.—F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., Director; A. L. Stephenson, Chief,
Missouri Basin Project.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Director.—¥. L. Whipple.
Associate Directors.—J. A. Hynek, T. E. Sterne.
Assistant Director.—J. S. Rinehart.
Astrophysicists——R. J. Davis, EH. L. Fireman, L. G. Jacchia, Max Krook, F. B.
Riggs, Jr., C. A. Whitney.
Mathematician.—R. BE. Briggs.
TABLE MOUNTAIN, CALIF., FIELD STATION.—A. G. Froiland, physicist.
DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS:
Chief—W. H. Klein, acting.
Plant physiologists —V. B. Elstad, Leonard Price, Mrs. Alice P. Withrow.
Electronic engineer.—J. H. Harrison.
Insirument maker.—D. G. Talbert.

VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

Director.—T. M. Beggs.
SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE.—Mrs. Annemarie H. Pope, Chief.

FREER GALLERY OF ART

Director.—A. G. Wenley.

Assistant Director.—J. A. Pope.

Associate in Near Eastern art.—Richard Ettinghausen.
Associate in technical research.—R. J. Gettens.
Associate curators—J. F. Cahill, H. P. Stern.

NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM

Advisory Board:
Leonard Carmichael, Chairman.
Maj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood, Jr., U. S. Air Force.
Rear Adm. R. HE. Dixon, U. 8. Navy.
Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle.
Grover Loening.
Director.—P. S. Hopkins.
Head curator and historian.—P. HE. Garber.
Associate curators.—lL. S. Casey, W. M. Male.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

Director.—T. H. Reed.
Associate Director —J. L. Grimmer.

CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA
Resident Naturalist —M. H. Moynihan.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE
Chief —J. A. Collins.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

Trustees:
EARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman.
JOHN Foster DULLES, Secretary of State.
Grorce M. HumPurey, Secretary of the Treasury.
LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
F’. LAMMOT BELIN.
DUNCAN PHILLIPS.
CHESTER DALE.
PAUL MELLON.
Rusu H. Kress.
President.—CHESTER DALE.
Vice President.—_F.. LAMONT BELIN.
Secretary-Treasurer.—HuUNTINGTON CAIRNS.
Director.—JOoHN WALKER.
Administrator.—ERNEST R. FEIDLER.
General Counsel—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS.
Chief Curator.—PeErryY B. Cort.

SECRETARY’S REPORT Ix

Honorary Research Associates, Collaborators, and Fellows
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
John E. Graf
Unitep States Nationa, Museum
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Anthropology

Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood.
N. M. Judd, Archeology.
H. W. Krieger, Ethnology.

Paul Bartsch, Mollusks.

J. Bruce Bredin.

M. A. Carriker, Insects.

C. J. Drake, Insects.

Isaac Ginsberg, Fishes.

D. C. Graham.

Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Marine
Invertebrates.

A. B. Howell, Mammals.

Laurence Irving, Birds.

W. L. Jellison, Insects.

Mrs. Agnes Chase, Grasses.
KH. P. Killip, Phanerogams.

R. S. Bassler, Paleontology.

R. W. Brown, Paleobotany.

Preston Cloud, Invertebrate
Paleontology.

C. Wythe Cooke, Invertebrate
Paleontology.

Betty J. Meggers, Archeology.
W. W. Taylor, Jr., Archeology.
W. J. Tobin, Physical Anthropology.

Zoology

Allen McIntosh, Mollusks.

J. P. Moore, Marine Invertebrates.

C. F. W. Muesebeck, Insects.

W. L. Schmitt.

Benjamin Schwartz, Helminthology.

C. R. Shoemaker, Marine Invertebrates.

R. E. Snodgrass, Insects.

T. EK. Snyder, Insects.

Alexander Wetmore, Birds.

Mrs. Mildred S. Wilson, Copepod
Crustacea.

Botany

F. A. McClure, Grasses.
J. A. Stevenson, Fungi.

Geology
J. B. Knight, Invertebrate Paleon-
tology.
J. B. Reeside, Jr., Invertebrate Paleon-
tology.

W. T. Schaller, Mineralogy.

MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

Arts and Manufactures

Fl. L. Lewton, Textiles.

Elmer C. Herber.
F. W. MacKay, Numismatics.

History

Carroll Quigley, Political History.
P. A. Straub, Numismatics.

Bureau of American Ethnology

J. P. Harrington.
Sister M. Inez Hilger.

M. W. Stirling.
A. J. Waring, Jr.

>.< ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Astrophysical Observatory

C. G. Abbot.
Freer Gallery of Art
Oleg Grabar. Max Loehr.
Grace Dunham Guest. Katherine N. Rhoades.

National Air Museum

Frederick C. Crawford. | John J. Ide.

National Zoological Park

W. M. Mann. | EK. P. Walker.

Canal Zone Biological Area

C. C. Soper. | James Zetek.

ASTROPHYSICAL CANAL ZONE
OBSERVATORY BIOLOGICAL

INTERNATIONAL
EXCHANGE

SERVICE

CAMBRIDGE, MASS. AREA

| SOLAR UPPER
ADIATION ATMOSPHERE] _—|METEORITICS
ELD STATION SATELLITE RADIATION &
[ABLE MOUNTAIN, TRACKING ORGANISMS
CALIF. PROGRAM WASHINGTON, D.C.
JM OF
TECHNOLOGY|

DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF
ARMED FORCES
CIVIL HISTORY PSTN,

POLITICAL
HISTORY

CULTURAL
HISTORY
PHILATELY &
POSTAL HISTORY,
NUMISMATICS

MILITARY
HISTORY
NAVAL
HISTORY
AIR FORCE
HISTORY

| SERVICE
DIVISIONS

| PHOTOGRAPHIC

SMITHSONIAN
MUSEUM
SERVICE

BIO-SCIENCES
INFORMATION
EXCHANGE

EDITORIAL &
PUBLICATIONS

LIBRARY

479801 O -58 (Face p. X)

ree

ie
wa

SECTION 200
EXHIBIT A

SMITHSONIAN

INSTITUTION
ORGANIZATION CHART

@REICE
OF THE

SECRETARY

{NATIONAL GALLERY!

FREER
| OF ART \
if UNDER SEPARATE |} GALLERY OF ART
iLBOARD OF TRUSTEES]|

ARCHEOLOGY|
ETHNOLOGY
PHYSICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY,

BUILDINGS
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE

OPERATIONS

PROTECTION

NATIONAL
COLLECTION

OF
FINE ARTS

DEPARTMENT OF

DEPART MENT OF
ANTHROPOLOGY ZOOLOGY

BUREAU OF UNITED STATES
AMERICAN NATIONAL
ETHNOLOGY MUSEUM

TRAVELING RIVER
EXHIBITION BASIN

SURVEYS

MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY
DEPARTMENT OF
BOTANY

DEPARTMENT OF
GEOLOGY
MINERALOGY
&PETROLOGY
INVERTEBRATE

PALEONTOLOGY
|& PALEOBOTANY.

VERTEBRATE
PALEONTOLOGY)

MAMMALS

REPTILES &
AMPHIBIANS
FISHES
INSECTS
MARINE
INVERTEBRATES)

MOLLUSKS

GRASSES
CRYPTOGAMS

APPROVED DECEMBER 9, 1957

C4 orrarck Cheah :
SECRETARY

NATIONAL NATIONAL
AIR ZOOLOGICAL
MUSEUM PARK

ASTROPHYSICAL

OBSERVATORY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS

CANAL ZONE
BIOLOGICAL
AREA

INTERNATIONAL
EXCHANGE
SERVICE

STORAGE OLAR UPPER
FACILITY S .
SUITLAND, MO, RADIATION ATMospHere] — [METEORITICS
FIELD STATION SATELLITE RADIATION®
TABLE MOUNTAIN TRACKING iN
CALIF PROGRAM
MUSEUM OF

HISTORY & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF DEPAN 0 DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE & ARTS & Bet Hae ARMED FOR
TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURES : HISTOR

POLITICAL
HISTORY
CULTURAL

HISTORY

MILITARY
HISTORY
NAVAL
HISTORY

PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
MECHANICAL

Vit
ENGINEERING

TEXTILES

CERAMICS
& GLASS

GRAPHIC PHILATELY & AIR FORCE
RAnSFORIAT CH POSTAL HISTORY] HISTORY
AGRICULTURES INDUSTRIAL 6 ri
Dell NUMISMATICS
ELECTRICITY
MEDICAL
SCIENCES
SERVICE
DIVISIONS

PERSONNEL SUPPLY

PHOTOGRAPHIC
LABORATORY

SMITHSONIAN
MUSEUM

-RVICE

HlO- SCIENG
INFORMA

EXCHANGE

EDITORIAL &
PUBLICATIONS

LIBRARY

479801 O -58 (Face p. X)

alee

i erageni +

Report of the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution

LEONARD CARMICHAEL
For the Year Ended June 30, 1958

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:
GrentTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit a report showing the activ-

ities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958.

GENERAL STATEMENT

The 112th year of the Smithsonian Institution, whose activities are
recorded in this report, has demonstrated anew that James Smithson’s
scientifically and philosophically oriented mind conceived an effective
enterprise when he specified that the establishment he founded and
endowed should devote itself to “the increase and diffusion of knowl-
edge among men.” These two related objectives still guide and
inspire the varied and constructive activities of his Institution. J/n-
crease of knowledge well describes the scientific and scholarly research
that is effectively carried on by Smithsonian staff members. Diffusion
of knowledge aptly summarizes the development of public museum
displays, the presentation of lectures, the conduct of a great official
correspondence about science and related matters, and the issuing
of scientific and popular publications by the Institution.

During the year here reported upon 10,365,872 individuals visited
the Smithsonian, if all its branches are considered. This is a truly
amazing and significant fact, for probably no other museum group
anywhere, comparable at all to the Smithsonian Institution, has ever
been visited by so many people in a single year. It is interesting to
note, however, that a growth in the recognition of the importance of
national museums seems to characterize not only America but also
many of the other nations of the world at the present time. As the
United States becomes more certain of its established place in the
world, its citizens seem to become increasingly interested in the unique
type of knowledge about American natural resources and American
civilian, military, and technological history that can be acquired at
their Smithsonian. Our records show that the Institution now has

1

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

nearly 51 million cataloged objects in its collections. In number of
items, therefore, as well as of visitors, the Smithsonian Institution is
certainly one of the largest museum complexes, if not the largest, on
the face of the globe.

The fact that the Smithsonian possesses such great collections and
also attracts such armies of visitors makes it very important that the
public displays of its museums be prepared and presented in the most
interesting and instructive manner for the benefit of all who come
through its doors. It is a pleasure, therefore, to report that real
progress was made during the year in the renovation of exhibits in
the older buildings of the Smithsonian. Detailed planning has also
been carried on in preparation for the construction of the great ex-
hibits that must be ready for immediate installation when the struc-
ture of the Institution’s new Museum of History and Technology
building is completed in 1961.

Since the Institution’s program of modernizing exhibitions began
about 5 years ago, more than a dozen new exhibit halls have been
opened in our older buildings—the First Ladies Hall, two halls por-
traying North American Indians and Eskimos, the Hall of Latin
American Archeology, Birds of the World, North American Mammal
Hall, Everyday Life in Early America, the Hall of Power Machinery,
the Hall of Health, the Printing Arts Hall, the Hall of Gems and
Minerals, and the Halls of Naval and Military History. These new
halls represent notable accomplishments and have attracted wide and
favorable notice, not only from the general public but also from
museum technicians and specialists in visual education here and
abroad.

This current improvement of Smithsonian museum units is thus
really part of a new worldwide regard for the educational function
of museums. This growth is attested by the reports of the Inter-
national Museums Office in Paris. Hardly a nation can be named
that is not now engaged in new developments of buildings or displays
in its national museums. It is interesting that such projects are
being carried out on a large scale in Russia and its satellite states as
well as in western nations.

This new emphasis upon the preservation for posterity and the
effective display of objects that represent the resources and the phys-
ical development of each nation may well have been fostered by
mankind’s recognition of the destruction of its heritage that was
brought about by two world wars. In this sense every great museum
stands as a tribute to mankind’s faith in the continuity of human
achievement. Each such institution attests a recognition that the

future is best when it is solidly grounded upon a knowledge of past
achievements.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 3

The objective of the new museum development at the Smithsonian
is to display examples of the mineral and biological resources of our
nation and of the world and to epitomize the human achievements
that have made our country great and strong.

More than 60 years ago a notable museum scholar, George Brown
Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, defined
a museum as “an institution for the preservation of those objects which
best illustrate the phenomena of nature and the works of man, and
the utilization of these for the increase of knowledge and for the
culture and enlightenment of the people.” This fundamental con-
ception has not changed with the years. But methods and techniques
for meeting this objective do change. Dr. Goode further stated,
“The museum of the past must be set aside, reconstructed, transformed
from a cemetery of bric-a-brac into a nursery of living thoughts.
The museum of the future must stand side by side with the library
and the laboratory . . . as one of the principal agencies for the en-
lightenment of the people.” What could better describe what has
been going on in the Smithsonian’s museums during recent years?
Those who have these renovations in charge are trying to give the
Smithsonian educational exhibitions that are appropriate and ade-
quate to the mental outlook of a 20th-century America.

In the Smithsonian’s new Museum of History and Technology
building, now under construction, there will be displayed from our
vast collections the truly breathtaking story of the rise and inter-
related growth of the civilian, military, and technological aspects of
American life. In this building the relationship of pure and applied
science will be presented in an effective way, patterned to some extent
upon the manner in which this relationship is so well displayed in a
number of great European museums. In the new Smithsonian build-
ing, however, the strands that have been woven together in the mak-
ing of our modern American civilization will be shown in a way that
it is hoped will be unique and particularly appropriate to the special
genius of our country.

The existing exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution and the new
exhibits now being planned can be thought of as significant not only
in the knowledge but also in the motivation that they may instill in
many of the millions of high-school visitors who come to the Smith-
sonian each year. In a free society, boys and girls are not drafted
and forced to study mathematics or physics or any other subject that
may be required by the state. Our society depends upon the slower,
but certainly in the long run the sounder, technique of first arousing
the students’ interest and then providing them with needed edu-
cational opportunities. Certainly great museums, such as those
directed by the Smithsonian, are able in an important way to inspire

4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

and provide educational motivation for not a few of its millions of
visitors each year. Because of the present importance of interesting
enough talented students in scientific studies to assure that our country
will remain scientifically and technologically strong, it is especially
fortunate that at just this time the work of the Smithsonian is be-
coming so effective in displaying the essential relationship between
pure and applied science and in demonstrating how research has led
to progress in many fields in recent years.

It should be recorded also that forward steps were made during the
year in planning new wings for the Natural History Building, as
authorized by Congress last year.

As the detailed statements of the various bureau directors of the
Smithsonian presented in this report demonstrate, the Institution
is by no means exclusively concerned with museum displays. This
year’s record of publications indicates that the Institution is now, as
in past years, playing a vital role in the communication of scientific
information to the laboratories and research centers of the nation and
the world. This year also the Smithsonian has issued some popular
works based upon its collections for the information of a broader
public.

One of the most dramatic aspects of the work of the Institution
during the time covered by this report is that of the Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory. Funds have been provided for some of
the work of this bureau by grants from foundations and from the
committee in charge of the International Geophysical Year. As a
result of the use of these special funds, it has been possible to estab-
lish Smithsonian Institution observing centers for artificial satellites
in the following locations: Argentina, Australia, Florida, Hawaii,
Japan, India, Iran, Curacao, New Mexico, Peru, South Africa, and
Spain. The observations at these centers have also been made more
adequate by the installation in each of them of a newly devised type
of astronomical camera or recording telescope that has unique fea-
tures. Information obtained from these stations is communicated to
the headquarters of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at
Cambridge, Massachusetts. At this center calculations are made that
have allowed the Institution to describe the orbits of all the major
artificial satellites and to make accurate predictions concerning the
characteristics of their motions.

As noted below in special sections, this report year has indeed been
one of progress in many aspects of the work of the Institution.

THE ESTABLISHMENT

The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in
1846, in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson, of

SECRETARY’S REPORT 5

England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of
America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting
the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was
without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore,
constituted an “establishment,” whose statutory members are “the
President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the
executive departments.”

THE BOARD OF REGENTS

There was no change during the current year in the membership
of the Board of Regents. The roll of Regents at the close of the fiscal
year was as follows: Chief Justice of the United States Earl War-
ren, Chancellor; Vice President Richard M. Nixon; members from
the Senate: Clinton P. Anderson, Leverett Saltonstall, H. Alex-
ander Smith; members from the House of Representatives: Overton
Brooks, Clarence Cannon, John M. Vorys; citizen members: John
Nicholas Brown, Arthur H. Compton, Robert V. Fleming, Crawford
H. Greenewalt, Caryl P. Haskins, and Jerome C. Hunsaker.

The informal dinner meeting of the Board, preceding the annual
meeting, was held on the evening of January 16, 1958, in the main
hall of the Smithsonian Building. Here various exhibits were dis-
played showing phases of present-day projects. Dr. G. Arthur
Cooper spoke on brachiopods as a key to the past, Dr. Anthony N.
B. Garvan talked about colonial silver, Dr. Ralph S. Solecki spoke
on “The Discovery of the First Neanderthals in Mesopotamia,” and
Archibald G. Wenley compared the Far Eastern collections in the
Freer Gallery of Art with those abroad. ;

The regular annual meeting of the Board was held on January
17, 1958. The Secretary presented his published annual report on
the activities of the Institution together with the 1957 annual report
of the United States National Museum. Dr. Robert V. Fleming,
chairman of the executive and permanent committees of the Board,
gave the financial report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1957.

FINANCES

A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian pri-
vate funds, will be found in the report of the executive committee of
the Board of Regents, page 223.

APPROPRIATIONS

Funds appropriated to the Institution for its regular operations for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958, totaling $6,102,319 were obligated
as follows:

6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Miata Seri er bees eee a eee ee ee $82, 411
United: StatessNational Museums. =) ee 2, 491, 164
Bureauof-American Hthnology eee 61, 197
INSET OPINYS1CAl i OL SOLVE OT. pee ee 384, 237
National Collection of HineyATts= 2 ee 51, 346
NationaleAireiuscim= =] 139, 646
Canal Zone BioloricalyArea tas eee 35, 128
Internation aliek xchan gems Civil Ce me ste eee ee 17, 386
Buildings Managements SCiviCess =a seeee ee eee 1, 888, 183
@EnerIs Me AalWSE tiv COS eee ne ee ee 765, 995
Additional costs due to increase in pay scales, Act of January 20, 1958

(TED Ms, Se a ee ee 125, 626

In addition, the sum of $800,000 was appropriated for the prepa—
ration of plans and specifications for the additions to the Natural His-
tory Building.

Besides these direct appropriations, the Institution received funds
by transfer from other Government agencies as follows:

From the District of Columbia for the National Zoological Park__-. $840, 650
From the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, for the
IRDVErAB Asi S UT Vey Se eee ae YN ees vt A nilee OAR ose le eno 175, 624
VISITORS

Again this year an all-time high was reached in the number of
visitors to the Smithsonian group of buildings on the Mall. The
total was 5,423,771, about 582,000 more than the previous year. April
1958 was the month of largest attendance, with 864,451; August 1957
second, with 765,129; July 1957 third, with 763,817. Largest attend-
ance for a single day was 69,349 on April 27, 1958. On the same day—
the first Sunday of the Churchill exhibition of paintings, 42,524 came
to the Natural History Building alone. Table 1 gives a summary of

TABLE 1.—Visitors to certain Smithsonian buildings during the year ended
June 30, 1958

Smithsonian} Arts and Natural Aircraft Freer
Year and month Building | Industries | History Building Building Total
Building Building

1967 s
IB i eee a Re Oa EN PN Ne 123, 261 364, 045 150, 915 109, 751 15, 845 763, 817
PANIES ban ete ee re eon ia ncaa a 120, 842 370, 605 157, 392 99, 085 17, 205 765, 129
Septemberseu seca aaa 47, 693 139, 838 76, 694 55, 156 7, 687 327, 068
October seers eral eae 37, 482 116, 432 78, 094 27, 893 5, 902 265, 803
INovembers inane eee 41,119 104, 186 80, 824 34, 724 5, 971 266, 824
Decembers a= sats eee 28, 066 69, 904 56, 043 25, 075 3, 813 182, 901

1958
January seo ee a 26, 645 57, 466 61, 422 21, 269 4, 853 171, 655
He bnuany see eae 19, 599 51, 369 46, 272 15, 737 3, 517 136, 494
Mare Hew iuisarcticohlile Pac ae 36, 522 140, 041 102, 677 37, 494 6, 209 322, 943
Aprile ee eee ae Se 106, 023 392, 292 236, 565 115, 032 14, 539 864, 451
Wiaya seen ait die eas es 2 119, 713 330, 738 210, 515 89, 134 12, 107 762, 207
DUNG LAIN ed eB 108, 843 251, 939 144, 359 75, 312 14, 026 594, 479

Totalses eee Ae ae, 815,808 | 2,388,855 | 1,401, 772 705, 662 111,674 | 5, 423, 771

Secretary's Report, 1958

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SECRETARY’S REPORT %

the attendance records for the five buildings. These figures, when
added to the 918,482 visitors recorded at the National Gallery of Art
and the 4,028,620 estimated at the National Zoological Park, make a
total number of visitors at the Institution of 10,365,876.

LECTURES

The annual James Arthur Lecture on the Sun, customarily held
in the spring, was postponed this year until fall. The 25th Arthur
Lecture, therefore, will be recorded in next year’s report.

Dr. Rodney S. Young, curator of the Mediterranean Section of
the University Museum at Philadelphia and professor of classical
archeology at the University of Pennsylvania, delivered a lecture
on “Recent Discoveries at Gordion” in the auditorium of the Natural
History Building on the evening of February 27, 1958. This lecture
was sponsored jointly by the Smithsonian Institution and the Archeo-
logical Institute of America.

Several lectures were also sponsored by the Freer Gallery of Art
and the National Gallery of Art. These are listed later in the reports
of these bureaus.

BIO-SCIENCES INFORMATION EXCHANGE

The current interest in and growing support of research in the
bio-sciences have resulted in a considerable growth in the activities
of the Bio-Sciences Information Exchange. This agency, which
operates within the Smithsonian Institution under funds made avail-
able to the Institution by other agencies, remains the most compre-
hensive clearinghouse for current research in the life sciences.
Through its extensive and detailed system of indexing it acts as a
rapid means of communication among research workers.

The active research projects registered with the Exchange now
number more than 17,000. For each project the investigator has
prepared a brief summary of his current problem. These summaries
are made available upon request and without charge to staff members
of research institutions. The Exchange also functions to prevent
unknowing duplication of research support by the national govern-
mental and nongovernmental granting agencies. In carrying out
this responsibility a vast amount of data on the support of research
in the life sciences has been accumulated. Information of this type
is continually used by granting agencies in planning their current
and future activities.

SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES

National Museum.—Accessions to the national collections during
the year brought the total catalog entries in all departments to nearly
479801—58——2

8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

51,000,000. Some of the outstanding items received included: In
anthropology, casts of the newly discovered Neanderthal skeleton
from Iraq, a selection of ethnological objects from Palau and others
from the Orient and Ethiopia, and a large series of artifacts deriv-
ing from excavations of the River Basin Surveys; in zoology, collec-
tion of mammals from Panama, birds from Ghana, Rhodesia, and
Yukon Territory, a cast of the recently discovered living coelacanth,
the Carl J. Drake collection of over 100,000 Hemiptera, the Tippmann
collection of nearly 98,000 wood-boring beetles, the Buys collection
of over 12,000 leafhoppers, the Osburn collection of about 3,500
Bryozoa, and a large lot of mollusks collected on the Smithsonian-
Bredin Pacific Expedition; in botany, a collection of nearly 11,000
lichens from eastern and southern United States and 15,000 phan-
erogams from Brazil; in geology, 10 new meteorites and many rare
and fine minerals and gems, 21,000 fossil crinoids, and 330 specimens
of middle Eocene vertebrates from southeastern Wyoming; in armed
forces history, several rare firearms and a group of naval ordnance
materials recovered from a 1595 wreck off Bermuda; in science and
technology, a foot-power milking machine, 1,400 important wood
samples in the form of walking sticks, several interesting electronic
items, an 1844 steam pump, and the “transparent woman” exhibited
in the new Hall of Health; in arts and manufactures, a model of the
Hargreave spinning jenny and ceramic and glass items from the
Aaron Straus collection; and in civil history, a valuable collection
of Lincoln memorabilia, the inaugural dress of Dolley Madison, fur-
nishings and fittings of the Stohlman Confectionery Shop of George-
town, D. C. (dating from about 1900), and 5,801,500 United States
obsolete revenue stamps transferred from the Internal Revenue
Service.

Members of the staff conducted fieldwork in Iraq, Japan and Oki-
nawa, Africa, Panama, Europe, and many parts of the United States.

Under the exhibits-modernization program three new halls were
opened to the public during the year—the Hall of Health, the Hall
of North American Indians and Eskimos, and the Hall of Military
History.

Bureau of American Ethnology—Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr.,
was made Director of the Bureau on January 1, 1958, filling the posi-
tion made vacant by the retirement of Dr. M. W. Stirling. The
staff members continued their research and publication activities:
Dr. Roberts continued as Director of the River Basin Surveys, Dr.
Collins continued his Eskimo and Arctic studies, Dr. Sturtevant
carried on ethnologic fieldwork in South Carolina, New York, and
Florida, and Mr. Miller renewed his excavations at Russell Cave,
Alabama.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 9

Astrophysical Observatory—tThe work of the Smithsonian Astro-
physical Observatory continued along four principal lines—solar
astrophysics, upper atmosphere, meteors, and the satellite tracking
program. The last-named operation was, of course, fully activated
following the Russian launching of the first artificial earth satellite
on October 4, 1957. The division of radiation and organisms con-
tinued its researches on photomechanisms in plants.

National Collection of Fine Arts——The Smithsonian Art Commis-
sion accepted for the Gallery 1 bronze, 2 oil paintings, 1 watercolor
on ivory, and the Gothic library and 18th-century French Renais-
sance drawingroom from “Miramar,” Newport, R. I. The Gallery
held 13 special exhibitions during the year, and the Smithsonian
Traveling Exhibition Service circulated 96 exhibitions in 264 mu-
seums and galleries.

Freer Gallery of Art—Purchase for the Freer Gallery collections
included Chinese bronzes, ivory, jade, painting, and pottery; Jap-
anese painting, wood sculpture, and pottery; Egyptian glass; Persian
metalwork, pottery, and manuscript; and Mesopotamian pottery.
The Gallery continued its program of illustrated lectures in the audi-
torium by distinguished scholars in eastern art, the 1957-58 series
numbering 6.

National Air Museum.—Good progress was made toward locating
a site for a new building for the museum. During the year 193
specimens in 52 separate accessions were added to the aeronautical
collections, including a “Falcon” GAR-1 guided missile, a Verville-
Sperry “Messenger” airplane of 1920, the Herrick “Vertoplane” of
1937, a bronze statue of Brig. Gen. William Mitchell, and a “Van-
guard” rocket-powered satellite vehicle.

National Zoological Park.—The Zoo accessioned 1,411 individual
animals during the year. The net count at the close of the year was
2,316. Noteworthy among the additions were a pair of trumpeter
swans, three Tasmanian devils, a pair of great black-casqued horn-
bills, and a linsang from Malaya. A snow leopard was born in
captivity, an extremely rare event. Visitors totaled more than 4
million.

Canal Zone Biological Area—Of the approximately 570 visitors
to the island during the year, 43 were scientists, students, and ob-
servers using the station for special researches, particularly in wild-
life observation, plant and insect studies, and photography.

International Exchange Service—aAs the official United States
agency for the exchange of governmental, scientific, and literary
publications between this country and other nations, the International
Exchange Service handled during the year 1,094,798 packages of
such publications, weighing 743,329 pounds.

10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

National Gallery of Art.—The Gallery during the year received
1,730 accessions by gift, loan, or deposit. Ten special exhibitions
were held, and 18 traveling exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald
Collection were circulated elsewhere. Exhibitions from the “Index
of American Design” were given 26 bookings in 9 States. Nearly
44.000 persons attended the general tours conducted by Gallery per-
sonnel, and over 8,000 attended tours and lectures by special appoint-
ment. The Sunday afternoon lectures drew a total attendance of
about 13,000 persons. The Sunday evening concerts in the east
garden court were continued.

Library.—The library received a total of 53,274 publications during
the year; 128 new exchanges were arranged. Outstanding among
the gifts were a large collection of philatelic items and nearly 2,700
books and reprints on Diptera. At the close of the year the holdings
of the library and all its branches aggregated 974,893 volumes, in-
cluding 586,722 in the Smithsonian Deposit at the Library of Con-
gress but excluding unbound periodicals and reprints and separates
from serial publications.

Publications —Kighty-one new publications appeared under Smith-
sonian imprint during the year. (See Report on Publications, p. 215,
for full list.) Outstanding among these were: “Araucanian Child
Life and Its Cultural Background,” by Sister M. Inez Hilger; “The
Medical and Veterinary Importance of Cockroaches,” by Louis M.
Roth and Edwin R. Willis; “Geology of Barro Colorado Island,
Canal Zone,” by W. P. Woodring; “The History of Entomology in
World War II,” by Emory C. Cushing; “Life Histories of North
American Blackbirds, Orioles, Tanagers, and Allies,” by Arthur
Cleveland Bent; “Studies in Foraminifera,” by Alfred R. Loeblich,
Jr., and collaborators; “The Bromeliaceae of Colombia,” by Lyman
B. Smith; “Archeological Investigations at the Mouth of the Ama-
zon,” by Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans; “Orbital Data and
Preliminary Analyses of Satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957 Beta,” by
various authors; and Ars Orientalis, volume 2. Three popular pub-
lications were issued. In all, 530,662 copies of printed matter were
distributed.

CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF

John E. Graf, Assistant Secretary, retired on December 31, 1957,
after more than 26 years with the Institution, first as Associate Direc-
tor of the United States National Museum and since 1945 as Assistant
Secretary of the Institution.

On February 4, 1958, Dr. Remington Kellogg was appointed As-
sistant Secretary of the Institution. Dr. Kellogg has been a member
of the Smithsonian staff since 1928—since 1948 as Director of the

SECRETARY’S REPORT 11

United States National Museum. He is continuing his directorship
of the Museum.

Frank A. Taylor was made Director of the Museum of History and
Technology on April 16, 1958, having served from 1932 to 1948 as
curator of the division of engineering, from 1948 to 1955 as head
curator of the department of arts and industries, and then as Assist-
ant Director of the United States National Museum.

Dr. Matthew W. Stirling retired as Director of the Bureau of
American Ethnology on December 31, 1958. He had headed the
Bureau since 1928, prior to which he had served the Institution in the
National Museum’s department of anthropology. Dr. Frank H. H.
Roberts, Jr., Associate Director of the Bureau and since 1946 director
of the River Basin Surveys, was appointed the new Director to suc-
ceed Dr. Stirling.

Dr. Theodore H. Reed was made Director of the National Zoolog-
ical Park effective March 12, 1958. He was first appointed to the
staff in July 1955 as chief veterinarian, a position he held until No-
vember 1956, when he became Acting Director upon the retirement
of Dr. William M. Mann. Also on March 12, J. Lear Grimmer, As-
sistant Director of the Park, was made Associate Director.

Philip S. Hopkins, professor of aviation and head of the depart-
ment of aviation at Norwich University, Northfield, Vt., was ap-
pointed Director of the National Air Museum effective October 28,
1957. At the same time Paul E. Garber, head curator of the Air
Museum, was given the title head curator and historian to reflect an
extension of his duties.

Jeremiah A. Collins was appointed Chief of the International Ex-
change Service on March 10, 1958, succeeding Dan G. Williams, Jr.,
who transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare.

On August 12, 1957, Dr. Martin H. Moynihan was appointed Resi-
dent Naturalist of the Canal Zone Biological Area.

Miss Ruth E. Blanchard, former chief of the catalog section, was
made chief librarian of the Institution on September 23, 1957, filling
the position made vacant by the retirement of Mrs, Leila F. Clark
on August 31.

Report on the United States National
Museum

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi-
tion and operations of the United States National Museum for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1958:

COLLECTIONS

Because of the reorganization of the Museum effected at the be-
ginning of the year (as described on p. 43), it was necessary to re-
assign some of the specimens among the now eight departments of
the Museum. This accounts for lower totals in some instances.
Specimens were added to the national collections and distributed
among the departments as follows: Anthropology, 4,373; zoology,
525,458; botany, 57,795; geology, 43,275; armed forces history, 1,283;
arts and manufactures, 230; civil history, 5,858,683; and science and
technology, 3,457. Most of the specimens were received as gifts from
individuals or as transfers from Government departments and agen-
cies. The Annual Report of the Director of the Museum, published
as a separate document, contains a detailed list of the year’s acces-
sions, of which the more important are summarized below. Catalog
entries in all departments now total 50,963,147.

Anthropology—One of the most unique accessions received in the
department of anthropology is a set of casts of the restorable parts
of a Neanderthal skeleton from northern Iraq. The skeleton casts
of this newly discovered fossil man represent the work of two men in
the department: Dr. Ralph S. Solecki, recently appointed associate
curator in the division of archeology, who made the discovery in his
excavation of Shanidar Cave in northern Iraq; and the curator of
physical anthropology, Dr. T. Dale Stewart, who went to Baghdad,
restored the original skull and long bones, and made plaster replicas.
These casts, the first to reach this country, were donated to the na-
tional collections by the Directorate General of Antiquities, Iraq.

The division of ethnology received a special selection of objects
from Palau in the Caroline Islands through Dr. Delmas Nucker, High
Commissioner, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. This accession
includes a model abai or men’s house, wooden bowls, tortoise-shell —
money, and native implements. From the Aaron and Lillie Straus

12

SECRETARY’S REPORT 13

Foundation, Inc., of Baltimore, the ethnological collections were en-
riched by 148 objects consisting of glass snuff bottles, carved minerals,
and ivory netsukes from China and Japan. The division received as
a gift from Mrs. Elizabeth George a collection from Ethiopia of six
large contemporary oil paintings depicting scenes of battle and of
daily life, an Abyssinian manuscript Bible, silver buttons, and other
objects illustrating Ethiopian craftsmanship in embossing, etching,
and silver-wire filigree.

Of outstanding interest among the year’s accessions in archeology
were two prehistoric specimens from Peru—one, a wooden doll
dressed in native textiles, from the Central Coast, and the other, a
gold mummy mask of the Chimu Period (ca. A. D. 1100), presented
by Mrs. Virginia Morris Pollak. A large series of pottery, stone,
bone, and other artifacts from the Black Widow site, and a smaller
series from the Buffalo Pasture site in Stanley County, S. Dak., repre-
sent the results of River Basin Surveys excavations at two sites that
will be destroyed by the lake created by the Oahe Dam a few miles
north of Pierre. These two collections throw important light on the
native village Indian culture of the Upper Missouri region in the
16th and 17th centuries. Mention should also be made of a large,
well-documented collection of archeological material from 23 States
and the District of Columbia presented by Richard Gates Slattery.

Zoology.—The most important collection of mammals received dur-
ing the year comes from Panama, where Dr. C. O. Handley, Jr., asso-
ciate curator, collected over 1,300 specimens in cooperation with the
Gorgas Memorial Laboratory. Valuable cetaceans were received
from three different sources: An embalmed pigmy sperm whale
(Kogia) from the Marine Institute of the University of Georgia, the
skull of an Alaskan beaked whale (Zzphius) from Dr. Robert Rausch,
and the complete skeleton of another kind of beaked whale (Meso-
glodon) from Florida salvaged by John L. Paradiso, museum aide.

Among birds received during the year the following lots are the
most important: 193 specimens from Ghana, collected and presented
by D. W. Lamm, is the Museum’s first sizable collection from that
part of western Africa; 200 skeletons of Rhodesian birds, received
from the Smithsonian Institution, through Dr. A. Wetmore, has
added importantly to our skeletal material; 358 birds from Yukon
Territory, received by transfer from the Arctic Health Research Cen-
ter, through Dr. Laurence Irving, enhances the usefulness of the divi-
sion’s Arctic American material.

Important type specimens received in the division of reptiles and
amphibians include 6 paratypes of Cuban frogs, in exchange from
the Museum of Comparative Zoology; 2 paratypes of lizards from

14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

New Guinea and Borneo obtained as an exchange from the Chicago
Natural History Museum; 17 paratypes of Mexican reptiles and am-
phibians from the University of Illinois Museum of Natural History;
a valuable lot of 128 reptiles and amphibians from Formosa collected
by Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, and the Museum’s first ex-
ample of a leatherback turtle from Cuba, presented by the Museo
Ignacio Agramonte.

Among fishes received is a cast of the recently discovered living
representative Latimeria chalumnae of the otherwise wholly fossil
coelacanths purchased from the Muséum National d’Histoire Natu-
relle, Paris. This interesting specimen was placed on exhibition.
A collection of 15,897 fresh-water fishes from West Virginia was
presented by Dr. F. J. Schwartz; another lot of 3,398 fishes, mostly
seahorses, was received from Dr. Kirk Strawn; and 1,185 Australian
fishes were received in exchange from Prof. L. R. Rivas of the Uni-
versity of Miami—an important addition to the Museum’s Australian
collections, since it included numerous species not previously rep-
resented here. The New York Zoological Society presented 73 holo-
types and 62 paratypes of tropical fishes, through Dr. William Beebe.

Insect material constitutes the bulk of the year’s accessions numeri-
cally. The largest single lot is the famous Carl J. Drake collection
of Hemiptera, worldwide in scope and comprising over 100,000 speci-
mens and containing more than 1,000 types. The valuable and im-
portant Tippmann collection of wood-boring beetles, Cerambycidae,
comprising 97,830 specimens, was purchased with assistance of a grant
from the National Science Foundation. This material, with 611 holo-
types, 1,415 paratypes, and cotypes, is a useful supplement to the
specimens already in the collections since it originates largely from
regions not heretofore represented. Other important accessions of
insects are the John L. Buys collection of 12,128 leafhoppers
(Homoptera), presented by Mrs. Buys, and the David Dunavan col-
lection of 4,386 North American beetles, presented by Mrs. Dunavan.

The Raymond C. Osburn collection of 3,572 bryozoans, including
145 type lots, together with extensive manuscript notes and microfilm
of Dr. Osburn’s library catalog and bibliography, was presented by
Mrs. Osburn to the division of marine invertebrates. This accession
is an important enrichment of the Museum’s facilities in this area of
research. Other notable accessions include 4,956 miscellaneous in-
vertebrates from the Palau Islands received from the George Vander-
bilt Foundation and the Office of Naval Research, through Dr. F. M.
Bayer; 10,991 specimens from waters off Surinam, transferred from
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 2,850 crustaceans, largely cope-
pods, chiefly from Africa, containing 2 holotypes and 388 paratypes,
presented by Dr. A. G. Humes; 685 crustaceans, including the holo-

SECRETARY'S REPORT 15

type and 16 paratypes of one species, given by Dr. James E. Lynch;
2,841 polychaete worms and crustaceans from Lake Pontchartrain,
La., a gift from Dr. Rezneat M. Darnell.

The largest important accession acquired by the division of mollusks
is the collection totaling 14,350 specimens made mainly by the curator,
Dr. Harald A. Rehder, on the Smithsonian-Bredin Expedition to the
Society, Tuamotu, and Cook Islands. Other notable accessions are
1,600 specimens of marine mollusks from the Palau Islands received
from the George Vanderbilt Foundation and the Office of Naval Re-
search through Dr. F. M. Bayer; 3,550 marine shells collected by Dr.
Cadet Hand on Kapingamarangi Atoll, Caroline Islands, under the
auspices of the Pacific Science Board; and 2,034 specimens from the
Samoan Islands, Palaus, and New Guinea, received from the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service transferred to the Museum 113 cephalopods from the Gulf
of Mexico through Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., and 311 land and fresh-
water mollusks of South America were received in exchange from the
Chicago Museum of Natural History.

Botany—tThe largest gift to the department of botany consists of
10,847 lichens, constituting the personal herbarium of Dr. Mason E.
Hale, Jr., associate curator of the division of cryptogams; most of the
material is from the eastern and southern United States. Another
notable gift received from Dr. José Cuatrecasas, resident investigator
of the department, comprised 1,165 specimens of his own collections
from Colombia, mostly a comprehensive collection of the Hepaticae
(liverworts). ‘These are being studied by Prof. Margaret Fulford, a
principal specialist on the Hepaticae. Other gifts include 162 speci-
mens from William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court, representing his personal collection of Himalayan plants, and
1,735 plants of the Philippine Islands collected by Dr. José Vera
Santos and presented by the University of the Philippines. To be
mentioned especially are the 117 samples of diatoms from the Ant-
arctic collected by the British Australian-New Zealand Antarctic Ex-
pedition and presented by the University of Adelaide in Australia.

Dr. Lyman B. Smith, curator of phanerogams, collected 15,183
specimens in southern Brazil. Other botanists and institutions in
Brazil have been collaborating with Dr. Smith in his study of the
Brazilian flora and have contributed specimens as follows: 422 from
Father Raulino Reitz, 378 from the Instituto Agronémico do Norte,
Belém, 163 from Dr. Amaro Macedo, and 90 from Sr. G. Hatschbach.
Dr. Egbert H. Walker, associate curator of phanerogams, obtained
291 plant specimens on his field trip to Okinawa in connection with
his current studies of the flora of the Ryukyu Islands. In helpful as-
sistance to Dr. Walker’s work, Kagoshima University, Kyusyu, Japan,

16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

sent in exchange 578 specimens collected by Prof. S. Hatusima, and
Dr. J. T. Conover, University of Texas, presented his personal col-
lection of ferns of Okinawa, numbering 668 specimens.

Other important exchanges include: 2,675 Cuban plants, mostly
from the now historic collections of Brother Leén and Brother Cle-
mente, received from the Colegio de la Salle, Havana; 2,697 specimens
from Arctic Alaska, received from Stanford University; 1,182 from
Canada and Alaska from the Botany and Plant Pathology Labora-
tory, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada; 300 from the
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; 1,157 from the Univer-
sity of Michigan; 912, mostly bryophytes of Kurope and Africa, from
the Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Uppsala; 421 from
the collections of Dr. Bassett Maguire and his associates in the “Gua-
yana Highlands” of Venezuela, received from the New York Botanical
Garden; and 574 plants of New Guinea, received from the Common-
wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra,
Australia.

Two noteworthy lots were acquired by purchase: 631 plants from
the Transvaal, Africa, from the collection of Dr. H. J. Schlieben ; and
281 Colombian plants of the A. E. Lawrance collection.

Geology.—Among the fine and rare minerals received in the divi-
sion of mineralogy and petrology are native silver, Honduras, from
the New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Co.; amethyst, Korea,
from John B. Jago; and pyrolusite, Ghana, from Marcel D. Acrouet.
Newly described mineral species received as gifts include ajoite, Ari-
zona, from Miss Mary Mrose, and santafeite, Grants, N. Mex., from
the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources.

Outstanding minerals obtained through exchange are: A very large
scheelite crystal from Arizona; a fine helvite crystal from Sweden; a
crystal of columbite from Virginia; an exceptionally large ilvaite
erystal from Idaho; wulfenite from Arizona; and aragonite from
California.

Noteworthy additions to the gem collection were purchased through
the Chamberlain fund for the Isaac Lea collection. These include
a garnet from Idaho weighing 25.7 carats; a figure of the Chinese
god of longevity carved in tigereye; a nephrite jade vase; and a fine
series of small Montana sapphires of various colors. A large and
ornate jade was received as a gift from Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather
Post May.

Outstanding additions to the Roebling collection by purchase and
exchange include these items: Native gold, Washington; azurite and
cerussite, Australia; becquerelite, kasolite, soddyite and schoepite,
Belgian Congo; spodumene, Brazil; huebnerite, Colorado; magnesite
and strontianite, Austria; wulfenite, Arizona; uraninite, Colorado;

SECRETARY'S REPORT 17

and a specimen of the Kimble County, ‘Tex., meteorite was added as
an exchange.

Several outstanding specimens were purchased through the Can-
field fund as additions to the Canfield collection. Among these are
sylvanite, Colorado; chrysocolla and quartz, Arizona; scheelite,
Korea; apophyllite and amblygonite, Brazil.

Received in exchange are nine meteorites new to the collection:
Vengerovo, Krymka, Orlovka, Chebankol, Nikolskoe, Petropavlovsk,
and Hressk from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Richland,
Navarro County, Tex., and Fayetteville, Washington County, Ark.

Significant among new material received in the division of inverte-
brate paleontology and paleobotany are: 10 specimens of rare Missis-
sippian goniatites from Chris E. A. Alter; 103 of Lower Cretaceous
Foraminifera from Trinidad, B. W. I., presented by Dr. Hans M.
Bolli; approximately 10,000 of invertebrate fossils from Silurian
formations on the Island of Gotland, from Dr. A. J. Boucot; about
100 of Tertiary echinoids and other Cuban fossils from the Cuba
California Oil Co., Havana, through P. B. McGrath; 2 type speci-
mens of Ordovician starfish from Dr. Howard R. Cramer; 2 type
specimens of Cretaceous crabs from North Dakota given by Dr. F. D.
Holland, Jr.; 2,000 Pliocene mollusks from St. Petersburg, Fla., from
Charles Locklin; and the type specimen of an enormous spiriferoid
brachiopod, Dimegelasma, from the Mississippian of Nevada from
Dr. Joseph Lintz, Jr.

Funds from the income of the Walcott bequest permitted the pur-
chase from Mrs. Raymond R. Hibbard of 300 rhomboporoid Bryozoa
from the Middle Devonian Hamilton group of New York State and
38 Pliocene brachiopods from Sicily, from Guiseppe Bonafede.

The crinoid collection of Harrell L. Strimple, Bartlesville, Okla.,
was purchased under the Springer fund. This yielded about 21,000
specimens and represents more than 20 years of collecting by Mr.
Strimple, who has made a specialty of Upper Paleozoic crinoids.

Notable among the exchanges are 306 Paleozoic and Mesozoic in-
vertebrate fossils, from the University of Bristol, through Dr. W. F.
Whittard.

The significant accession for the year in the division of vertebrate
paleontology came as a gift through the income of the Walcott fund
bequest, which permitted Dr. C. L. Gazin, curator, and Franklin
Pearce, exhibits specialist, to collect 330 specimens from Middle
Eocene beds of southwestern Wyoming. These include skull and
jaws of the primate Votharctus tenebrosus and skeletons of the 4-toed
horse Orohippus, the primitive tapir /elaletes, skulls of assorted
rodents, and the large titanothere Palaeosyops. Another gift from
the Walcott fund consists of portions of four tritylodont (mammal-

18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

like reptile) skeletons and a protosuchian crocodile collected by Dr.
David Dunkle, curator, and Dr. G. E. Lewis of the U. S. Geological
Survey from Triassic rocks in the Navajo Reservation, Arizona.

An exchange with the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, brought examples of six genera of ray-finned fishes, new to
the collection, from the Triassic of Madagascar and casts of impor-
tant types in the French museum. An important skull of H’ryops from
the Permian (Dunkard formation) of southwestern Pennsylvania
was donated by William E. Moran.

Armed forces history—Among the material accessioned in the
division of military history, the notable items are: A rare Committee
of Safety rampart rifle made at the Rappahannock Forge and a
model 1869 pistol with Allin conversion, one of three known speci-
mens, from the Department of the Army, and the famous Frankfort
Arsenal cartridge collection from Col. Berkeley R. Lewis.

Of much importance is a collection of naval ordnance materials
recovered from the wreck of an unidentified ship which sank on the
reefs of Bermuda about 1595. This rare material of the sixteenth
century included expanding bar shot of lead and wrought iron, spiked
shot that carried tow soaked with tar, which when lighted by the
explosion of the charge in the gun formed an incendiary shot; solid
iron shot of various sizes, musket balls, and the breechblock of an
iron swivel gun.

A built-up model of a warship of the late seventeenth century was
received as a loan from Edwin A. Link. It is believed that the model
itself dates to that period, and it forms a rare and desirable addition
to the exhibition series. Received from the Department of the Navy,
also as a loan, through the Naval Historical Foundation, was a fife
rail which stood by the foremast of the sloop-of-war Hartford, flag-
ship of Admiral Farragut during the actions at Mobile Bay and on
the Mississippi River in the Civil War.

Science and technology—An unusual specimen acquired by the
division of agriculture and wood products is a Mehring foot-power
cow milker donated by Earl J. Waybright. This type of milking
machine was made and sold from the 1890’s into the 1920’s and pro-
vided an inexpensive device that lightened and speeded up the task
of milking for the man with a small herd.

The outstanding accession to the section of wood products is a
group of 1,400 interesting woods of the world, in cane form, known
as the Rudolph Block collection of walking sticks. Mr. Block was
long known as a writer of fiction and articles under his pen name of
Bruno Lessing, and in his travels he gathered woods from the im-
portant worldwide forest regions. These canes represent the gems of

the wood world and were presented by the Yale University School
of Forestry.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 19

Most of the accessions received in the division of electricity are
in the field of electronics. Deserving particular mention are the
experimental electron tubes of Drs. Langmuir and Hull donated by
the General Electric Research Laboratory. Union College gave ex-
amples of early electronic equipment. Bowdoin College sent the
core of an electromagnet made by Joseph Henry, while Williams Col-
lege presented a very early cathode-ray tube. Maj. J. Vanderhoef
(USMC, ret.) contributed an unusual example of a Vibroflex
key and a number of Japanese electron tubes. Through the Hazel-
tine Research Corp., Dr. Alan Hazeltine donated the original experi-
mental model of the neutrodyne circuit.

The division of mechanical and civil engineering received for its
horological collection two notable clocks: one, an elaborate astronom-
ical clock of 1764, made in South Tyrol, and the other, a 17th-century
Dutch pendulum clock built by Johannes Tegelbergh of The Hague,
presented by Mr. and Mrs. Dillard B. Laseter.

The machinery collections obtained from the Worthington Corpo-
ration Henry R. Worthington’s first double-acting, direct-acting
steam pump, built in 1844. A fine highly finished quadruple-expan-
sion marine steam engine, built in 1906 by the Dodge Brothers, was
received from the University of Michigan. The Boeing Airplane
Co. sectioned for display purposes a small gas turbine, which was
transferred to the Museum by the Department of the Navy.

The most significant accession acquired in the division of medical
sciences is the transparent manikin of a woman which shows by
electronic devices, light, and sound the location of the major organs
of the human body and explains their functions. This exhibit was
obtained from the Deutsches Gesundheits Museum. A collection of
gas-oxygen machines, inhalers, and hypodermic syringes was donated
by W. Harry Archer, D. D. S., an authority on Horace Wells, pri-
mary discoverer of anesthesia. Another outstanding acquisition is
a group of unusually rare ceramic drug jars donated by the Bristol-
Myers Co. The collection included a 18th-century Rhages (Persia)
albarello and a 13th-century Rakka (Mesopotamia) albarello, as well
as a 15th-century Hispano-Moresque majolica drug container and
an early 16th-century Faenza (Italy) dragonspout ewer.

The division of physical sciences acquired specimens to fill the
gaps in its collection of scientific instruments. Among these is a set
of apparatus for demonstrating the mechanical powers presented by
Middlebury College, a fine vacuum pump from Bowdoin College, an
18th-century chemical furnace from Williams College, the famous
set of tuning forks from the United States Military Academy, and a
fine Oertling assay balance from Wheaton College.

Outstanding accessions in the division of transportation are rare
builders’ half-models, including an Eastern Shore of Maryland fish-

20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

ing launch, dated about 1918, donated by James B. Richardson, and
the model of a motor garvey from southern New Jersey, donated by
the builder, W. R. Main. Other specimens of note are a working
scale model of an Italian coal-fired locomotive with tender, flatear,
extra assemblies, and spare parts, donated by Richard D. Boutros,
and the Bayly gig, which has been on loan by the heirs of the Bayly
and Orem families for a number of years.

Arts and manufactures.—A significant acquisition in the division
of textiles is a reconstructed model of John Hargreave’s spinning
jenny. This model, which demonstrates Hargreave’s original con-
ception, was built in the Exhibits Laboratory by Robert Sampson
from the specifications in Hargreave’s patent of 1770. An interest-
ing collection of handwoven fabrics made in the South during the
Civil War was presented by Mrs. N. C. Browder. A beautiful and
rare cashmere shawl] with a turquoise center was presented by Miss
Sabra O. Burgess, and four silk shawls were given by Miss M. Agnes
Neill.

The division of ceramics and glass acquired a rare pressed-glass
ornamented pane believed to be the earliest marked piece of Wheeling
lacy glass manufactured by J. & C. Ritchie, Wheeling, W. Va. This
specimen was purchased with funds provided by W. Daniel Quattle-
baum of California. Fifty ceramic and glass items from the collec-
tion of the late Aaron Straus, Baltimore philanthropist, were given
by the Straus Foundation.

The important accessions in the division of graphic arts are a gift
by Capt. Emerson E. Morris of 10 etchings by Pierre van der Borcht
(1545-1608) ; a color lithograph, “Go and Catche a Falling Starre”
by June Wayne, presented by the Society of Washington Print-
makers; and 12 pictorial photographs by Clarence John Laughlin of
New Orleans, one of this country’s outstanding photographic artists,
received as a gift from the Eickemeyer endowment fund. <A box-
type camera by one of America’s earliest daguerreotype photogra-
phers, Henry Fitz, Jr., was received as a gift from Mrs. Willard H.
Howell. A camera of the pioneer western photographer James Fen-
nemore was presented by Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona.

Civil history—The most significant acquisition in the division of
political history is the collection of Lincoln memorabilia presented
by his great-grandson, Lincoln Isham. Mary Todd Lincoln’s silver
tea and coffee service, President Lincoln’s watch, his silver cutlery,
and presentation revolver are some of the items in the collection.
Additional important pieces of White House china were received. A
salad plate and three oyster plates from the state service used during
the administration of President Rutherford B. Hayes were given by
Col. Theodore Barnes, and a dinner plate from the state service of

SECRETARY’S REPORT 21

President Benjamin Harrison was presented by Mrs. Samuel
Schwartz. The First Ladies collection was enhanced by the loan of
the inaugural dress of Dolley Madison from the William Rockhill
Nelson Gallery of Art, Kansas City.

The division of cultural history acquired the furnishings and _fit-
tings of the Stohlman Confectionery Shop originally installed in
Georgetown, D. C., in 1900. This remarkable accession with its ice-
cream parlor, its ornate cabinetwork, candy jars, fancy ice-cream
molds, and countless other minutiae will serve to document a pic-
turesque phase of late Victorian urban life. A complete set of orig-
inal furnishings from a 19th-century parlor in a Thomaston, Maine,
house was donated by the Misses Helen R. and Elizabeth W. New-
combe. The carpet, mirror, sofas, and side chairs will make it pos-
sible to reproduce authentically the parlor of a rural Victorian
gentleman.

Among the outstanding accessions received in the division of
numismatics are 22 die proofs of vignettes used for Canadian cur-
rency, donated by the British American Bank Note Co., Ottawa;
664 Chinese cash pieces transferred by the Library of Congress; 1
Continental $60 note, issued September 1778, donated by Consul J.
Warner; 4 Byzantine gold solidi and 2 modern Greek gold coins,
given by M. Tambakis. Senator Harry Byrd donated three $1,000
bonds and five $500 bonds issued by the Confederate States of Amer-
ica in 1861 and 1863. A rare copper plate made by Charles Toppan
& Co. and used about 1835 by the New Haven County Bank for the
printing of $10, $20, $50, and $100 notes was presented by the New
Haven Bank, Conn., through Comptroller W. F. Hasse, Jr. Showing
his continued interest in the growth of the national coin collections,
Paul A. Straub donated a group of rare Holy Roman Empire gold
coins struck in Hungary and Carinthia, and an unusual Prussian
taler struck in 1719 in the name of Frederick Wilhelm I.

The division of philately and postal history received an excep-
tionally large accession through the transfer of 5,801,500 United
States obsolete revenue stamps from the Internal Revenue Service.
Former Postmaster James A. Farley converted a loan of 8,835 speci-
mens to a gift. A rarity, the United States 24-cent airmail stamp
with inverted center, was donated by the Raymond H. Weill Co. Sid-
ney N. Shure of Chicago presented the first issue of Israel complete
in sheets. An airmail collection of Albania and Bulgaria, a stamp
collection of Czechoslovakia in 17 volumes, and a 5-volume collec-
tion of Rocket Mail were presented by Tom Lowenstein. An official
presentation booklet of stamps of the United Nations for use in the
European Office (Swiss overprints) was donated by John M. Harlan,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.

22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

EXPLORATION AND FIELDWORK

Documentary research revealed the existence of an 18th-century
courthouse on the south bank of Potomac Creek across from Marl-
borough Town, Va. To verify the 1748 land survey and to locate
and determine the type of structure, F. M. Setzler, head curator, de-
partment of anthropology, directed archeological excavations on the
Williams site south of Stony Point. During the week of August
19-28, 1957, in collaboration with C. Malcolm Watkins, acting curator
of cultural history, and Prof. Oscar Darter of Mary Washington
College, Fredericksburg, Va., he exposed the brick foundation of a
T-shaped building, which in general outline and size resembled the
1730 type of courthouses, such as those now extant in Hanover, King
William, and Charles City Counties, Va. This project is one phase
of a research program begun in 1956 at Marlborough Town.

During the period October 7 to November 22, 1957, Head Curator
Setzler excavated the Welcome Mound along the Ohio River in West
Virginia. The excavation of this large prehistoric Indian mound
was made possible through the generous cooperation of the Colum-
bia-Southern Chemical Corporation, on whose property the mound
was located. The company furnished laborers, bulldozer, an en-
gineer, and laboratory facilities. The mound measured 110 feet in
diameter and 20 feet in height. Even though the quantity of arti-
facts was limited, the quality exceeded objects from other mounds
of this cultural horizon. On the basis of potsherds and projectile
points, Welcome Mound is classified as a middle Adena site represent-
ing a period of approximately 500 B. C. The most important artifact
recovered was a carved effigy tubular smoking pipe in the form of a
shoveler duck’s head and neck, found at the right knee of one of the
adult skeletons. Two others were buried at the base of the mound.
In the mouth cavity of one of these skeletons the canine tooth of a
mountain lion was found. Based on evidence from other Adena
mounds, this tooth could indicate that the body had been interred
wearing a mountain-lion facial mask. In connection with this archeo-
logical research program, Mr. Setzler visited the Ohio State Museum,
Columbus, and the University of Kentucky Museum, Lexington, from
April 28 to May 4, 1958, to examine and study the collections of
archeological material excavated from other Adena mounds in those
States. He also examined collections from other prehistoric cultural
levels looking toward the future modernization of the Museum’s ex-
hibition halls pertaining to American archeology.

From October 9, 1957, to January 14, 1958, Dr. T. Dale Stewart,
curator of physical anthropology, was in Baghdad, Iraq, restoring,
studying, and making casts of the Neanderthal skeleton that had been
discovered in Shanidar Cave, northern Iraq, by Dr. Ralph S. Solecki

SECRETARY'S REPORT 23

in 1957 prior to his joining the Museum’s staff as an associate curator
in Old World archeology. Dr. Stewart, invited by the Iraqian Gov-
ernment to repair and restore the skull and postcranial skeleton, not
only found it more complex than anticipated but also discovered that
owing to an injury of the brachial plexus the right shoulder and arm
of the 45,000-year-old Neanderthaler had been paralyzed. This
paralysis caused the right humerus to atrophy. The distal end and
forearm were missing. After completing this difficult task of restor-
ing a badly broken skull, Dr. Stewart made a mold and plaster casts.
He was permitted by the Iraqian Government to bring one of the
casts to the Smithsonian Institution, the first to reach this country.
On his return trip to Washington he visited with physical anthropolo-
gists in Turkey, Rome, France, and England, all of whom were
pleased to examine the cast of the Shanidar skull.

In connection with his long-range research program of compara-
tive studies of Micronesian material culture, Dr. S. H. Riesenberg,
acting curator of ethnology, spent two weeks examining and studying
the Micronesian collections at the Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass.;
Dartmouth Museum, Hanover, N. H.; and Fairbanks Museum, St.
Johnsbury, Vt. The Peabody Museum collections include some of
the objects collected by the first Europeans to explore these islands.
While in Chicago during Christmas week he made a similar survey
of Micronesian artifacts at the Chicago Natural History Museum.
This trip enabled him to interview several specialists in African eth-
nology in respect to the appointment of an associate curator for his
division.

While attending meetings of the American Anthropological As-
sociation in Chicago during Christmas week, Dr. Clifford Evans, as-
sociate curator in archeology, examined the archeological collections
excavated at Cuenca in the highlands of Ecuador by Dr. Donald
Collier and found pottery types similar to those excavated on the
Rio Babahoyo along the coast of Ecuador. From May 11 through
17 Dr. Evans visited Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass., the
American Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of the
American Indian, New York City, to compare the pottery he and Dr.
Meggers excavated on the Rio Napo in Ecuador, and from sites on
the middle Amazon excavated by Peter P. Hilbert, with that from
sites in eastern Peru. ‘This constitutes one phase of a long-range
program of archeological research in South America.

Dr. M. T. Newman, associate curator of physical anthropology,
spent two days at Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pa.,
conferring with Drs. H. Schraer and P. Baker of the Bone Density
Research and Evaluation Center in connection with the data he

479801—58——_3

24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

accumulated at Hacienda Vicos, Callejon de Huaylas, North Central
Sierra, Peru.

The Museum’s new associate curator in Old World archeology, Dr.
Ralph Solecki, attended an interdisciplinary symposium at the Uni-
versity of Chicago’s Oriental Institute from May 8 to 11. This
meeting emphasized the contributions that can be made by zoologists,
agronomists, geologists, and other specialists i solving problems
arising from the excavation of Neolithic and Paleolithic archeologi-
cal sites. The Shanidar Cave, in Iraq, excavated by Dr. Solecki, pro-
duced evidence of a very stable animal population over a period of
100,000 years. He reported that the evidence from Shanidar Cave
showed that the earliest animal and plant domestication probably
took place within the past 12,000 years.

Assistant curator of ethnology R. A. Elder, Jr., spent a day in Feb-
ruary and one in April selecting and transporting an unusual col-
lection of Asiatic and Far Eastern objects from Baltimore, Md., do-
nated to the national collections by the Aaron and Lillie Straus
Foundation, Inc.

C. V. Morton, acting curator of cryptogams, again participated
in the American Fern Society field trip, and from August 21 to 25
collected ferns from Stanford University north along the Redwood
highway to Eureka, Calif. He also attended the meetings of the
American Institute of Biological Sciences at Stanford University.

From October 8 to December 28, 1957, Dr. Egbert H. Walker,
associate curator of phanerogams, traveled to Japan, Okinawa,
Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam, and the Philippines. He participated
in the Ninth Pacific Science Congress in Bangkok, and enroute ex-
amined, studied, and collected plants in Japan, Okinawa, and Taiwan,
in preparation of a manuscript on the flora of Okinawa and the
southern Ryukyus.

Dr. Mason E. Hale, associate curator of cryptogams, spent several
days in October examining collections of West Indian lichens at
Harvard University, Wellesley College, Yale University, and the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Hale also col-
lected lichens in Virginia, North Carolina, and the coastal plain of
Florida. While in Florida during April he participated in the an-
nual meeting of the Association of Southeastern Biologists at
Tallahassee.

In August 1957 and again in May 1958, Dr. Richard S. Cowan,
associate curator of phanerogams, spent several days at the New
York Botanical Garden checking manuscripts with plant collections
and completing his portion of the Index Nomina Genericorum.

In September 1957, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, acting head curator of
zoology, attended the annual meeting of the American Ornitholo-

SECRETARY’S REPORT 25

gists’ Union at Cape May, N. J. In November he studied and de-
scribed the African viduine weaverbirds at Yale University and
the American Museum of Natural History in order to complete his
manuscript on this group.

On June 4, 1958, Dr. Henry W. Seen associate curator of mam-
mals, ed saci an extended field trip in North Africa. The
first 2 weeks of May he spent excavating burrows of rodents in the
vicinity of Wadi Natroun, Fatyum Province, and near the village of
Abu Rawash. From May 17 to 24 he collected mammals in the
vicinity of St. Catherine’s Monastery in southern Sinai. The last
week was spent in the Delta and eastern desert region.

From January 15 to March 15, 1958, Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr.,
associate curator of mammals, continued his mammal survey of
Panama, which yielded over 700 specimens of mammals. Several
species new to Panama were collected, and evidence was obtained to
show that there is more mingling of South and Central American
faunas in the isthmus than was heretofore suspected. In November
1957 Dr. Handley studied the greater and lesser pigmy sperm whales
at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard and at the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History. In September 1957 he spent 2
weeks with museum aides J. L. Paradiso and B. R. Feinstein collect-
ing small mammals along the Clinch Mountain range in southwestern
Virginia. In March 1958 Mr. Paradiso roughed out and shipped to
the Museum from Vero Beach, Fla., the skeleton of a beaked whale.

From July 5 to August 4, 1957, Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, curator
of insects, visited Europe principally to pack and ship a large col-
lection of insects assembled by Eng. F. Tippmann in Vienna,
Austria. In England he conferred with the entomologists at the
British Museum. In January 1958 Dr. Clarke spent 2 days at St.
Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., where he acquired the John
Buys collection of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae), which contains speci-
mens from Formosa and new forms from Honduras heretofore not
represented in the Museum. On May 5, 1958, he returned from an
extensive collecting trip on the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Ex-
pedition. He accompanied the leader of the expedition, Dr. Waldo
L. Schmitt, former head curator of zoology, and now research associ-
ate. This expedition was made possible through the continued gen-
erosity of Mr. and Mrs. J. Bruce Bredin, of Greenville, Del. For 6
weeks the scientists were enabled to collect zoological specimens among
the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.

Two and a half weeks were spent by Dr. R. E. Crabill, Jr., associate
curator of insects, studying type specimens at Harvard and collect-
ing myriapods and spiders in Massachusetts, Vermont, and the Lake
Placid section of New York.

26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Dr. L. P. Schultz, curator of fishes, spent 2 weeks in November
1957 repacking and shipping the Col. John K. Howard collection of
fishes at the University of Miami, Fla. Enroute Dr. Schultz visited
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service laboratories and university lab-
oratories in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.
From April 7 to 11, 1958, Dr. Schultz attended a symposium in
New Orleans, La., on the attacks made by sharks.

Dr. Alexander Wetmore, research associate, represented the Smith-
sonian Institution at the Pan African Ornithological Congress, held
at Livingstone, Northern Rhodesia, from July 15 to 20, 1957. Over
200 persons were in attendance, including delegates from several coun-
tries of western Europe and from the United States, in addition to
those engaged in investigations in this field in the various countries
of Africa. The occasion was especially important as it was the first
meeting of the kind on that continent. Enroute to the Congress
there was opportunity to cross through the Wankie Game Reserve
and afterward to spend 6 days observing the birds and mammals of
the Kruger National Park. Following this Dr. Wetmore visited
scientific institutions and laboratories in Johannesburg, Pretoria,
Durban, and Capetown, Union of South Africa, and had 38 days for
observations near Dakar in Senegal. He returned to Washington
via Lisbon on August 13.

In January 1958 he returned to Panama to continue field investi-
gations of the birdlife of the Isthmus. Through the kindness of
H. V. T. Mais, agent for the Chiriqui Land Co. in Panama, and
G. D. Munch, manager of the Bocas del Toro Division of that com-
pany, arrangement had been made for quarters in Almirante, Prov-
ince of Bocas del Toro, an area not previously visited. This is an im-
portant region for study because of species of birds found farther
north along the Caribbean that here enter Panama and reach their -
southern limits in this section. Field equipment was shipped on
January 13 by Cessna—180 4-passenger plane since the airport serving
Almirante at the town of Bocas del Toro was closed temporarily to
larger aircraft. There is no true dry season in this section of Pan-
ama, and rains came almost daily. While the higher areas of level
land had been cleared for cultivation, forest remained over extensive
sections of swamp, and on the hills bordering small stream valleys,
as well as on the large islands in Almirante Bay.

Fieldwork continued here 2 months, with a trip each week up the
line of railroad into the banana plantations that extend from the
Changuinola River to Guabito on the Costa Rican border. Travel
elsewhere from Almirante was mainly by dugout canoe powered by an
outboard motor, with occasional trips with friends in other craft. T.
W. Dunn was especially helpful through his knowledge of Almirante

SECRETARY’S REPORT 27

Bay gained through fishing excursions. And in the Changuinola
area Roy Roig gave important aid. A nesting colony of red-billed
tropicbirds on Swan Cay in the Caribbean outside the entrance of the
pass Boca del Drago, and another of Audubon’s shearwaters on Tiger
Rock off Chiriqui Point at the end of the Valiente Peninsula, were of
particular interest since these are the only locations known for these
birds in the western Caribbean. Through the help of Mr. Munch in
providing a larger launch, collections were made for 2 days on the
island Escudo de Veraguas 10 miles off the base of the Valiente
Peninsula. A wren, a manakin, and a spiny rat obtained here are
forms previously unknown to science, marked particularly by much
larger size, compared to their relatives on the mainland.

On return to the Canal Zone on March 10 Dr. Wetmore was occupied
the following 2 weeks with further collecting in the savanna areas of
Coclé and in the Province of Panama, including 3 days at La Jagua,
east of Pacora, where the first cattle egrets to be collected in Panama
were taken. This heron has been seen here for 2 years past and ap-
pears now to be fully established. Work for the season ended with
return by air to Washington on March 29.

During September 1957 and again in May 1958 Dr. G. A. Cooper,
head curator of geology, accompanied by R. E. Grant, research as-
sistant, carried forward his long-range research program of solving
the stratigraphic sequence in the Glass Mountains, especially Leonard
Mountain near Marathon in west Texas. Last fall they were for-
tunate in establishing a direct paleontological sequence as well as ob-
taining evidence to show that the big limestones in the Leonard
formation join the basal formation to become a single limestone east
of Sullivan Peak. In May they traced this particular key bed across
the mountain. An effort was made to collect special material for in-
clusion in the modernization of an invertebrate paleontological ex-
hibit hall. In November 1957 Dr. Cooper delivered his presidential
address before the Paleontological Society in Atlantic City, N. J. He
spent several days in Boston the latter part of March examining and
studying Silurian, Devonian, and Recent brachiopods at Harvard
University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

From July 12 to August 9 Dr. C. L. Gazin, curator of vertebrate
paleontology, and exhibits specialist F. L. Pearce prospected for and
collected vertebrate fossils in the eastern, central, and western por-
tions of the Bridger Basin around Green River and Lyman, Wyo.
Good results were obtained between Smiths Fork and Blacks Fork.
A rare skull and skeletal material of the Eocene horse Orohippus
were recovered. Dr. Gazin spent a week after August 9 at the Los
Angeles County Museum studying the Eocene collections recently
transferred from the California Institute of Technology. Early in

28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

November 1957 he attended the annual meeting of the Society of
Vertebrate Paleontology in Philadelphia, Pa., and the Geological
Society of America meetings in Atlantic City, N. J. During the
first week of December Dr. Gazin studied Hocene and Oligocene col-
lections at Princeton, N. J., and the American Museum of Natural
History. In February 1958 he studied middle Kocene mammalian
collections from the Green River beds of northeastern Utah at the
Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pa.

During September 1957 E. P. Henderson, associate curator of
mineralogy and petrology, accompanied by photographer Jack Scott,
made an extensive trip in order to study the morphology and surface
features of meteorites and to photograph large collections. They
spent some time going west and also on their return east at the
Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio, witnessing the cut-
ting operation of the Grant, N. Mex., meteorite. Meteoritic iron
requires much more time to cut than one anticipates. These cut sec-
tions will enable the specialist to study the thermal penetration.
Henderson and Scott examined and photographed the meteorites at
the University of Kansas, Iowa State College and the State Univer-
sity of Iowa, Chicago Natural History Museum, and Wooster and
Marietta Colleges in Ohio. These studies are especially important
now that manmade satellites are being placed in outer space. Mr.
Henderson spent 2 days in May examining the meteorite collection
in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. He also acquired
new material for the Museum’s collections.

Dr. D. H. Dunkle, associate curator of vertebrate paleontology,
spent 2 days in October 1957 studying various Mesozoic teleostean
fishes in the Bayet collection of the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh.
Ini March 1958 he devoted 2 days to the study of a restricted group of
elopoid fishes from the Cope collection at the American Museum of
Natural History.

In the company of two paleontologists of the U. S. Geological
Survey, Dr. Richard S. Boardman, associate curator of invertebrate
paleontology and paleobotany, spent 6 days in the fall of 1957 collect-
ing bryozoans, brachiopods, and corals from all the stratigraphic
zones of middle Devonian rocks along the falls of the Ohio River. Dr.
Boardman attended the annual meeting of the Geological Society of
America in Atlantic City, and in March 1958 he purchased some well-
documented rhomboporoid Bryozoa collected from the middle Devo-
nian Hamilton rocks of the Buffalo, N. Y., area.

Dr. Porter M. Kier, associate curator of invertebrate paleontology
and paleobotany, spent several days in October 1957 examining and
studying Paleozoic echinoid collections at Yale University and Har-
vard University. Here he discovered several type specimens never

SECRETARY’S REPORT 29

before recorded and four specimens which represent a new genus.
Dr. Kier also attended the meetings of the Geological Society of
America in Atlantic City.

In October 1957 Dr. Peter P. Vaughn, associate curator of verte-
brate paleontology, spent 8 days collecting tetrapods and the skulls
of the rare nectridian Diploceraspis from the upper Mississippian
formation near Greer, W. Va., and the Dunkard series, lower Per-
mian formation of northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsyl-
vania. In November 1957 and again in February 1958 he spent
several days at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard
University and the American Museum of Natural History examining
and studying fossil amphibians, reptiles, and Permian vertebrates.
From March 15 to May 17, 1958, Dr. Vaughn, accompanied by ex-
hibits worker John E. Ott of the division of vertebrate paleontology
and ranger naturalist R. Donald Widman of the National Park
Service, carried forward an extensive paleontological research pro-
gram in Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. Their prin-
cipal objective was collecting fishes, amphibians, and reptiles in the
Permian beds. Several hundred pounds of fossils reached the Mu-
seum as a result of their explorations.

The administrative reorganization of July 1, 1957, created two
units under the United States National Museum, namely the Museum
of Natural History and the Museum of History and Technology. The
staff comprising the latter unit found it necessary to visit many of
the museums, universities, and private collectors in order to exam-
ine, study, purchase, and accept a variety of objects for the new
museum. Every effort was made by the many recently employed
specialists to acquire outstanding examples to illustrate their subject-
matter fields. At the same time every opportunity was taken to per-
fect their program of exhibition. Only the more important phases of
this fieldwork and travel program are here noted:

The Director of the Museum of History and Technology, Frank A.
Taylor, made three important trips in connection with the acquisition
of objects and the use of modern display methods as well as television
facilities for the new museum under construction.

In keeping with the previous program of examining new exhibits
and acquiring important apparatus to illustrate the development of
the physical sciences, Dr. Robert P. Multhauf, head curator of science
and technology, completed extensive field trips. From September
15 to October 21 he visited various museums in Denver, Colo.; San
Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Oakland, Nevada City, Calif.;
Ames and Iowa City, Iowa; Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.;
and Marietta, Ohio; and participated in a seminar on the history of
science at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. In December

30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

1957 he spent 2 days examining old chemical apparatus in the depart-
ment of chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, with a view to ac-
quiring the objects for the exhibits in the Museum of History and
Technology. He also examined some of the rare physics apparatus
at West Point and Columbia University. In January 1958 he ex-
amined historic astronomical apparatus at Case Institute in Cleve-
land. Since the College of William and Mary at Williamsburg was
one of the first in this country to offer instruction in science, Dr. Mult-
hauf spent 2 days there with Professor Pittman and President A. D.
Chandler examining some of the old apparatus used in the teaching
of physics. In April he visited Johns Hopkins University with a
view to acquiring a balance and gas heating device associated with
Ira Remsen. In the department of mineralogy and geology he ex-
plored the possibility of obtaining an early polarizing microscope.

As consultant to the department of engineering for locating 19th-
century chemical and physical laboratory apparatus to illustrate these
disciplines in the new Museum of History and Technology, Dr. Derek
J. Price again made numerous trips to museums, colleges, universi-
ties, and laboratories. In September 1957 Dr. Price supervised the
transfer of three machines pertaining to Henry Fitz, telescope maker,
in 1850. These machines, together with his tools, speculum blanks,
and many smaller items, should enable the Smithsonian to reconstruct
in the Museum of History and Technology a vivid workshop of
Henry Fitz. In the department of chemistry at Williams College
he was pleased to find a rare cylindrical charcoal-burning chemical
furnace made about 1830. This furnace is similar to those used
centuries before. In the various colleges and universities visited
Dr. Price made several detailed inventories of chemical and physi-
cal apparatus which he regarded as worthy of consideration
for planned exhibits in the Museum of History and Technology.

The curator of the division of mechanical and civil engineering,
Eugene S. Ferguson, attended the annual meeting of the American
Society of Tool Engineers, May 5-7, 1958.

From March 24 to April 2 Howard I. Chapelle, curator of trans-
portation, visited museums, collectors, and model-ship builders in
Mystic and Essex, Conn.; Providence, R. I.; Nantucket Island; and
Salem, Quincy, and Boston, Mass. This trip will prove valuable
in connection with the future exhibits of watercraft in the Museum
of History and Technology.

William N. Watkins, curator of agriculture and wood products,
spent the last week of September and early October studying wood
collections and logging dioramas at the College of Forestry, Syracuse
"University, and the Adirondack Museum at Blue Mountain Lake,
N. Y. On February 24, 1958, Mr. Watkins conferred with Prof.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 31

E. S. Harrar at Duke University School of Forestry, Durham, N. C.,
and studied microscopically many wood sections.

Numerous trips were made by the acting curator of electricity,
W. J. King, in an attempt to acquire original examples and models
of early electrical equipment for the Museum of History and Tech-
nology. In July he visited Great Barrington, Mass., to collect data
on George Stanley and his 1886 installation of an AC power system.
At Pittsfield he conferred with a descendant of S. F. B. Morse, the
inventor of the telegraph. At Philadelphia he examined the
Franklin Institute’s stored collection of early electrical apparatus.
In the fall and winter Mr. King spent some time in Philadelphia,
New York City, and Schenectady, as well as at Princeton and Brown
Universities. In May 1958 he spent several days in New York and
New Jersey, especially at the R. C. A. plants and offices conferring
with General Sarnoff and other members of his staff. Much time
and study were devoted to identification of original electrical ap-
paratus and going over notebooks of famous inventors such as
Langmuir, Elihu Thomson, Morse, and Stanley.

On October 2, 1957, George B. Griffenhagen, curator of medical
sciences, accepted for the Smithsonian Institution a collection of
rare antique drug jars donated by the Bristol-Myers Co. in New York
City. On January 10, while returning from New York, Mr. Griffen-
hagen examined an early pharmaceutical tablet press which will be
donated to the division by Wyeth Laboratories. From March 24 to
27, 1958, he examined pharmaceutical and medical exhibits in Chicago
and participated in the dedication of an 1890 drugstore restoration
at’ the Wisconsin State Historical Society in Madison, Wis. In
April he attended meetings of the American Institute of the History
of Pharmacy and American Pharmaceutical Association Section on
Historical Pharmacy in Los Angeles, Calif.

During the past year, E. A. Battison, associate curator of mechan-
ical and civil engineering, made several trips throughout the New
England States, as well as New York and Pennsylvania, examining,
collecting, and studying numerous private collections of clocks and
watches ranging from the early handmade wooden clocks to the most
recent electric watch. In addition to this special field, Mr. Battison
examined and collected early machine tools, iron planer lathes, and
locks.

On May 12 and 13 Kenneth P. Perry, associate curator of trans-
portation, acquired a valuable collection of early marine engines,
propellers, models, harpoon heads, tools, and boat drawings assembled
by Otis A. Palmer, East Moriches, Long Island, N. Y.

From February 23 to March 1, E. C. Kendall, associate curator
of agriculture and wood products, visited Hadley, Mass., Coopers-

32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

town, N. Y., and Kinzers, Pa., to examine and collect early examples
of various types of farm machinery.

At the invitation of Dr. J. Stainman, a practicing optometrist,
Associate Curator of Medical Sciences Dr. John B. Blake obtained a
large collection of refracting instruments for the Smithsonian In-
stitution on August 26, 1957. In September Dr. Blake spent several
days in Boston and Salem, Mass., and New York City inspecting
and studying collections relating to all phases of medical history.
On October 10, 1957, he acquired a 35-year-old General Electric port-
able X-ray machine in Baltimore, Md. On December 4 and 5 he
examined, with a view to acquiring for the Museum of History and
Technology, old dental instruments from the School of Dentistry
at the University of Pennsylvania. In New York City and Long
Island he obtained two cases of anesthesia material from the Wood
Museum and Dr. W. H. Archer of Pittsburgh, Pa. From March
16 to 22, 1958, he visited the Cleveland Health Museum and the Dit-
trich Museum of Natural History examining a large collection of
medical instruments; and then proceeded to Chicago where he studied
collections at the International College of Surgeons Hall of Fame,
the Chicago Historical Society, and other museums.

Robert M. Vogel, assistant curator of mechanical and civil en-
gineering, spent considerable time throughout the year visiting the
engineering schools in numerous universities and important engineer-
ing plants inventorying and selecting examples of 19th- and early
20th-century material for the planned exhibits in the new Museum
of History and Technology.

From October 25 to November 4, 1957, the head curator of arts
and manufactures, Dr. P. W. Bishop, was in the vicinity of Pitts-
burgh, Pa., Chicago, Ill., and Dearborn, Mich., endeavoring to de-
termine the type of engine used by Drake in his 1858-59 oil drilling.
In Chicago, Dr. Bishop received excellent cooperation from the Re-
search Plant of Universal Oil Products in planning exhibit models
showing various types of catalytic cracking units. In September
he spent a day at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and
another at Lakeville, Conn.

The curator of graphic arts, Jacob Kainen, spent September 9 to
13 in Cleveland looking toward the acquisition of early silk-screen
stencil printing. He also continued his research on J. B. Jackson,
going over references and prints by this artist.

During December 11 to 14, 1957, Miss Grace L. Rogers, acting
curator of textiles, studied various phases of the textile collection
of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the exhibit at Amateur
Needlework of Today, Inc., in New York City. She also conferred
with the donor of an old Jacquard loom now being assembled. After

SECRETARY’S REPORT 33

several conferences Miss Rogers has received the cooperation of sev-
eral wool, cotton, silk, and manmade-fiber institutes and associations
in supplying material for the new textile exhibits planned for the
Museum of History and Technology. In the latter part of March
1958 Miss Rogers studied exhibit techniques and storage facilities
at Winterthur Museum, Wilmington, Del. From May 4 to 7, 1958,
she had the unique experience of examining a 3-story woolen mill just
outside Excelsior Springs, north of Kansas City, Mo. This mill,
known as the Watkins Woolen Mill, was closed in 1886, yet remained
completely undisturbed up to the day of Miss Rogers’ visit when
the property was auctioned. She therefore had an opportunity to
examine a middle 19th-century woolen mill even to the extent of
seeing the original machines standing in the same position as they
were in 1886, and in many instances the original leather belts were
still attached to the main drive shafts.

In September 1957 and again in March 1958 Paul V. Gardner,
acting curator of ceramics and glass, visited museums and collector-
dealers in New York City. He examined numerous collections of
porcelain, glass, and enamels which will assist in identification of
objects in his division; studied various methods of exhibition; and
visited with philanthropical collectors who may present objects from
their collections to the Smithsonian Institution. From May 21 to 27
Mr. Gardner examined European porcelain and china-trade items
at the Worcester Art Museum. He also visited collectors in Canton,
Norwood, Newbury, Middleton, Sturbridge, and Boston, Mass.

The head curator of civil history, Dr. Anthony N. B. Garvan, spent
January 29, 1958, examining the well-documented Edward Andrews
collection of Shaker material objects in New Haven, Conn. In Feb-
ruary he visited Girard College in Philadelphia where he was given
an opportunity to examine the Girard memorabilia. This collection
represents an exceptional group of late Colonial and early Repub-
lican examples of the history of taste. It depicts Girard’s nostalgia
for France, pride in American achievements, and his hobbies of music
and numismatics. In April Dr. Garvan was in New York City
examining collections and consulting with experts on several phases
of the new exhibits under his jurisdiction.

On June 3 and 4, 1958, the acting curator of political history,
Dr. Wilcomb E. Washburn, together with assistant curators Charles
G. Dorman and Mrs. Anne W. Murray and museum aide James Chan-
ning, visited the Chester County Historical Society, West Chester,
Pa., Brandywine Battlefield State Park, Winterthur Museum, and the
Hagley Museum in Delaware. This provided the staff with excep-
tional opportunities to examine collections, study preservation tech-
niques, and observe methods used in preparing exhibits.

34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

C. Malcolm Watkins, acting curator of cultural history, in col-
laboration with the head curator of anthropology, F. M. Setzler, and
Prof. Oscar Darter of Mary Washington College in Fredericks-
burg, made considerable progress on the excavation of an 18th-cen-
tury courthouse and 17th-century documentary research related to
Marlborough Town, Va. The archeological excavations revealed the
foundations of a T-shaped structure comparable to those well-preserved
18th-century courthouses at Hanover, King William, and Charles
City Counties, Va. In September Mr. Watkins spent several days
searching documents at the Virginia State Library, Richmond, in
connection with the 1956 excavations at Marlborough Town, and a
mass of data concerning John Mercer and his mansion and estate
at Marlborough. On November 30, 1957, he discovered a 1744-49
ledger of John Mercer at the Bucks County Historical Society,
Doylestown, Pa. This important document provides very pertinent
information for the interpretation of the Marlborough site. In Oc-
tober Mr. Watkins spent several days visiting various museums in
connection with his long-range research program in the documenta-
tion of 17th-century pottery. He spent December 4, 1957, at Winter-
thur, Wilmington, Del., examining room interiors for consideration
in plans of exhibition in the Museum of History and Technology.

Throughout the year Francis J. McCall, assistant curator of phi-
lately and postal history, made numerous trips to eastern sections of
the country attending national and local philatelic meetings, display-
ing selected postal material from the national collections, and describ-
ing present and future programs in the division of philately.

The curator of numismatics, Dr. V. Clain-Stefanelli, traveled ex-
tensively in order to acquaint professional and amateur coin collectors
with the program, plans, and needs of his division. During the latter
part of August and again in December he conferred with Mrs. Rae V.
Biester, superintendent of the United States Mint in Philadelphia.
During September he interviewed various State bank commissioners
in Connecticut. At Yale University he examined the famous Garvan
collection of gold coins and conferred with the deputy keeper of coins
of the British Museum. In October he attended several numismatic
meetings and studied various aspects of ancient coining techniques at
the Fogg Art Museum in Boston. From May 20 to 24, 1958, Dr.
Stefanelli visited Ottawa where he interviewed officials at the British
American Bank Note Co., the Bank of Canada, Canadian Archives,
and the Canadian Mint. In the Canadian Archives he examined a
rare 1792 Indian Peace Medal. At the mint he examined coins, medals,
and special decorations. As a result of his visit, the division will
receive a special set of mint coins. In June he visited the headquarters
of the Georgia State Bank in Atlanta, as well as Dahloneya, site of the
old United States branch mint.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 35

The associate curator of political history, Mrs. Margaret B. Klap-
thor, visited James Goodin of Reiglesville, Pa., where she inspected
authentic costumes of President Madison’s family, especially the re-
cently discovered dress, shoes, gloves, and turban of Dolley Madison.
In New York City she accepted delivery of Lincoln relics offered to
the museum by Lincoln Isham.

Charles G. Dorman, assistant curator of political history, visited
Albany Institute of History; the home of Gen. Philip Schuyler in
Albany ; Fort Crailo in Rensselaer, N. Y.; Bennington Historical Mu-
seum; Shelburne Museum near Burlington, Vt.; and other historic
houses in New England. In February 1948 he carried forward
research at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.

From September 23 to 27, 1957, the associate curator of cultural
history, G. Carroll Lindsay, examined archives in Richmond, Isle of
Wight, and Southampton courthouses in order to document the panel-
ing now on exhibition in the Virginia Room. He established owner-
ship of the property from the time of the original patent in the 17th
century. He spent March 30 to April 4, 1958, in Alton, II1., selecting
objects from a large collection of decorative art objects of the Victorian
period (1850-1915) which had been willed to the Smithsonian Insti-
tution by the late Miss Daisy Templin and donated by her living
brother, Roger Pryor Templin. On June 10 Mr. Lindsay acquired at
the Parke-Bernet Galleries a life-size cigar-store Indian princess
through the generosity of Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather Post May.

Miss Rodris C. Roth, assistant curator of cultural history, spent
October 25 to November 4, 1957, in Boston, Salem, Worcester, New-
buryport, Mass., and New York City studying period rooms and deco-
rative arts related to American and English interior decorations in
the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries.

The head curator of armed forces history, Mendel L. Peterson,
spent 8 days in September 1957 probing the Pamunkey River, 25
miles northeast of Richmond, to locate a shipwreck believed to have
been sunk during General McClellan’s drive on Richmond in 1862.
Together with a professional diver, Mr. Peterson found the wreck
in 15 feet of muddy water. By the use of anchor chains, to prevent
injury to themselves, they were able to examine and partially identify
the vessel. Thus far no documentation concerning the sinking of
such a vessel has been discovered in Civil War archives. The hull
measured at least 200 feet in length; it was burned before sinking;
the bow section had broken away from the hull probably through an
explosion of gunpowder or boiler. A few days in February and
again in March Mr. Peterson studied archival records at the New
York Public Library and consulted with Edwin A. Link on plans
for a continuation of their program of underwater salvage of historic
vessels.

36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

In September 1957 E. M. Howell, acting curator of military history,
spent 3 days in Chicago and Milwaukee studying collections of arms
and armor at various museums. In March 1958 he visited the Metro-
politan Museum of Art and New York Historical Society examining
collections of powderhorns, Colt revolvers, Revolutionary War Brit-
ish insignia, and colonial-type armor.

Through an exchange the Museum acquired an 1866 model Gatling
gun, which was examined and reported upon by Craddock R. Goins,
Jr., assistant curator of military history. Late in January 1958
Mr. Goins made an extensive trip to the major firearms manufactur-
ing firms in the vicinity of Bridgeport, New Haven, and Hartford,
Conn., and Springfield and Chicopee Falls, Mass.

John EK. Anglim, supervisory exhibits specialist, spent 2 days in
Williamsburg, Va., inspecting a variety of exhibition cases, panel,
grid, and light systems. He also studied the interiors of the re-
stored buildings for ideas that might be included in the hall of
18th- and 19th-century furnishings of the Museum of History and
Technology.

In preparation of designing an exhibit to portray hand and photo-
mechanical printing processes, Miss Judith Borgogni, exhibits
worker, visited the New York Public Library in February 1958. To-
gether with exhibits worker Robert B. Widder, she critically exam-
ined the display methods used in the University of Pennsylvania
Museum and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Consultant John C. Widener and exhibits worker Thomas G. Baker
spent several days in February 1958 visiting chemical and plastics
manufacturing companies in order to determine the most feasible
method for exhibiting the Museum’s large blue whale.

A detailed analysis of the arms and armor exhibition of the Metro-
politan Museum of Art was made by exhibits worker William B.
Eddy in March 1958. He also scrutinized a variety of exhibits at the
Museum of the City of New York and at the American Museum of
Natural History.

In connection with the planning of a hall of photographic history
in the Museum of History and Technology, Mrs. B. A. W. Karras,
exhibits worker, spent 4 days in April 1958 reviewing the highly
specialized exhibit at George Eastman House, Rochester, N. Y. Even
though technical exhibits comparable to those at Eastman House
will be presented, they must be geared simply and graphically to the
average visitor both as a source of study and for pure enjoyment.

During February 1958 exhibits specialist Benjamin Lawless, Jr.,
and exhibits worker Robert B. Widder made extensive examinations
of museum displays, new buildings under construction, and archi-
tectural offices in New York City.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 37

From March 12 to 15, 1958, Ronald Tavares, exhibits worker,
visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art; the Museum of the City of
New York; the Peabody Museum of Salem; and the Boston Fine
Arts Museum of Massachusetts. He was especially interested in
those exhibits illustrating the development and history of water-
craft.

William L. Brown, chief zoological exhibits specialist, inspected the
tanning of a large elephant hide at Waynesboro, Va., on several days
during the month of October 1957.

From October 8 to 11, 1957, Watson M. Perrygo, zoological ex-
hibits worker, visited New York City and Philadelphia where he
investigated various plastic-manufacturing companies in order to
produce on a large scale museum accessories such as leaves, vines,
branches, grass, and other botanical objects. In November 1957 he
spent 3 days with George Young, chief of the exhibition department
at Kansas University Natural History Museum. Here he had an
opportunity to study methods of making plastic exhibition accessories
by hydraulic press.

John C. Lingebach, zoological exhibits worker, spent several days
in April 1958 collecting a variety of mammals for the exhibits now
under construction in the mammal hall. Most of Mr. Lingebach’s
collecting on this trip and again in May was in the vicinity of
Wardensville, Yellow Springs, North Mountain, and Capon Springs,
W. Va.

EXHIBITIONS

During the fifth year of the continuing program for the moderni-
zation of exhibits at the Smithsonian Institution, $605,000 was made
available by congressional appropriation for selected exhibition halls.
Construction bids were received in February 1958 for the halls de-
voted to fossil invertebrates and fossil cold-blooded vertebrates
(fishes, amphibians, and reptiles), in June 1958 for North American
archeology, and in June 1958 for the hall of agriculture to be located
in the east-south range of the Arts and Industries building. Con-
struction work for the textiles hall was commenced in September
1957.

The new hall of health was opened to the public on the evening of
November 2, 1957, in ceremonies featuring addresses by Dr. John D.
Porterfield, Deputy Surgeon General of the Public Health Service,
Dr. Fred L. Soper, Director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau,
and Dr. Leonard Carmichael, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. “Through the Ages, Man’s Knowledge of His Body” is the
theme of this hall, which contrasts old ideas with present-day knowl-
edge of human anatomy and physiology. Emphasis is placed on
health rather than disease, and modern exhibit techniques are utilized

38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

to demonstrate the functioning of the normal, healthy human body.
A transparent manikin of a woman shows by electronic devices, light,
and sound the location of the major organs of the human body and
explains their functions. Among other exhibits are those that illus-
trate the heart, teeth, endocrine glands, and the brain. Historical
displays include reproductions of votive offerings by primitive peo-
ples, ancient manuscripts, and pages from the earliest printed books
illustrating embryology, the skeleton, the heart and blood circulation,
the brain, and the digestive and respiratory systems.

During the year a pictorial exhibit on the history of surgery,
donated by the American Cyanamid Co., was renovated. The Na-
tional Library of Medicine has lent the following exhibits: Vaccina-
tion from Jenner to Salk; Nobel Prize Winners in Medicine; William
Harvey and the Circulation; and Women Physicians and Their
Hospitals.

On the evening of December 8, 1957, Secretary Carmichael dedi-
cated the hall of North American Indians and Eskimos, and in his
address paid tribute to the farsighted men and women who had dur-
ing the past 150 years saved from possible destruction the ethnological
objects displayed therein. Mrs. Mabel A. Byrd, administrative as-
sistant to the Director of the National Museum and herself of Seneca
Indian descent, was invited to cut the ribbon at the formal opening.
Traditional cultures of the Eskimos and of the Indians of the sub-
arctic region, the eastern woodlands, the great plains, the northwest-
ern plateau, and the north Pacific coast are displayed in this hall.
Historically significant objects including the great wampum belt,
symbolizing the union of midwestern tribes formed by the Shawnee
chief Tecumseh to halt the advance of white settlement, and Sitting
Bull’s rifle are featured in these display units. A completely fur-
nished tipi of sewn buffalo hides, some 17 feet in height, depicts the
home life of an Arapaho Indian family during the past century.
Other life-size exhibit units show Polar Eskimos hunting hair seals
and the Powhatan Indians trading with Capt. John Smith on the
James River in 1607.

The gems and minerals hall planned by curator George S. Switzer
was nearing completion at the close of the fiscal year. New exhibition
techniques have been utilized in the display of gems, uncut crystals,
and minerals with gratifying results, particularly with respect to
lighting and reduction of reflection. Installation of the exhibits pro-
ceeded so satisfactorily that formal opening of the hall was scheduled
for July 1958.

Four new habitat groups portraying the sea-bottom life of the
Upper Ordovician, Lower Devonian, Mississippian, and Upper Cre-
taceous are being prepared for the invertebrate hall by George

SECRETARY'S REPORT 39

Marchand of Ann Arbor, Mich. The removal of adhering matrix
and the restoration and mounting of a number of fossil fishes and
amphibians for display in the hall of cold-blooded vertebrates were
completed. Retirement of a portion of the geology and meteorite
collections from hall 6 was undertaken to permit the continued dis-
play of the larger Pleistocene mammals.

A group of showy mineral specimens from Arizona and a large
mass of uranium ore from Colorado were lent for exhibition in the
United States Pavilion at the Brussel’s World Fair.

Plans for the modernization of the two halls to be devoted to North
American archeology were developed by Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, curator
of archeology. In the first hall now scheduled for construction,
archeological horizons of the southwestern United States, the Pacific
coast, and Arctic America will be featured. Topical exhibits will
show native mines and quarries, Indian smoking devices, and trade
items found in Indian sites.

At the close of the fiscal year the contractors had almost finished
the construction of the walls and display units in the two halls to be
devoted to the mammals of the world. Preliminary models of the
habitat groups have been prepared for guidance of the exhibits staff,
accessories for some of the habitat groups are now ready for installa-
tion, and a number of mammals required for the display units have
been mounted. During the year the rooms formerly given over to
the display of local natural history, other than birds, were more
urgently needed for other purposes, and, consequently, these displays
were dismantled. When space becomes available, more informative
exhibits will be installed.

The formal opening of the hall of military history on the afternoon
of June 14, 1958, was presided over by Secretary Leonard Carmichael,
who introduced the Honorable Wilber M. Brucker, Secretary of the
Army, who in turn introduced Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, Vice Chief
of Staff, United States Army, and members of their staffs. Secre-
tary Brucker made reference to the Institution’s important role in
encouraging patriotism through the exhibits that interpret the
Army’s long and distinguished role in the history of our country.
At the close of these indoor ceremonies, Secretary Brucker was hon-
ored by a colorful retreat review by the First Battle Group, Third
Infantry Regiment, on the Mall. In the new hall the history and
development of the United States Army from the Colonial militia
to the modern Pentomic Army are traced through the display of fire-
arms, uniforms, weapons, and other items of military equipment.
Unique objects on display include George Washington’s sword carried
in battle throughout the Revolution and the uniform he wore when

479801—58——4

40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

he resigned his commission in 1783, De Kalb’s war saddle, an original
Von Steuben drill manual, Rochambeau’s sword, and the uniform
coat worn by General Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans.

The series of new exhibits illustrating the history and methods of
fine printmaking by various hand processes in the graphic arts hall of
the Smithsonian Institution Building was completed at the close of
the fiscal year. Monthly exhibitions of pictorial photography were
continued during the past year, and three special exhibits in graphic
arts were shown.

The east side of the inorganic chemistry gallery was rearranged to
accommodate the leather and saddlery display removed from the
south-central gallery.

Temporary exhibitions during the year included the Sixth Interna-
tional Exhibition of Ceramic Art, August 27 to September 27, 1957,
sponsored by the Kiln Club of Washington, and a display of over 700
pieces of ancient glass from the Ray Winfield Smith collection dating
from 1500 B. C. to A. D. 1200, shown December 28, 1957, to January
16, 1958.

Existing exhibits were improved during the year by restoration of
the Henry electromagnet and the Morse telegraph, the renovation of
the collection of antique astrolabes, sundials, and compasses, and the
renovation of the Howard tower clock. Ship models in the water-
craft hall were repaired and restored.

In the planning for the exhibition series in the Museum of History
and Technology, the following hall plans have been furnished to the
architect for the detailing of built-in fixtures: Physics and astronomy,
chemistry, heavy machinery, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, elec-
tricity, watercraft, ceramics, glass, textiles, graphic arts, and
photography.

The south hall of the Arts and Industries Building was closed to
the public in July 1957; the former exhibits of textiles were dismantled
and the specimens placed in storage. The contractors commenced the
renovation of this hall in September 1957, and by the close of the fiscal
year some progress had been made in the installation of the new ex-
hibits. Three schematics illustrating various spinning principles
have been built and installed, and the renovation of five full-sized ma-
chines has been completed. For the gallery of this south hall, plans
for renovation were completed, and a contract for the necessary con-
struction was awarded in April 1958. In this gallery, methods of
printing fabrics, specimens of needlework, and the history of the sew-
ing machine will be featured.

Plans and designs for four halls in the Museum of History and
Technology which will emphasize different aspects of the civil history
of our Nation were completed. These halls have been designated as

SECRETARY’S REPORT 41

follows: Historic Americans; Everyday Life in the American Past;
Costumes; and First Ladies. Rearrangement and expansion of the
White House china collection were effected during the year.

The educational program of volunteer docent guide service con-
ducted with the cooperative assistance of the Junior League of
Washington, for the benefit of the school children of the Greater
Washington area, was continued with increasing success. The work
is under the general direction of Frank M. Setzler, head curator of
anthropology, working with Mrs. Peter Macdonald, chairman rep-
resenting the Junior League.

During the 6-month season 320 tours—an average of 53 a month—
were conducted, in which 8,790 elementary school children were es-
corted through the four exhibit halls included in the docent
program—the American Indian Hall, the Hall of Everyday Life in
Early America, the First Ladies Hall, and the Hall of Power Ma-
chinery. This was an almost threefold increase in this activity over
the previous year. In addition to Mrs. Macdonald and her cochair-
man, Mrs. George Wyeth, Jr., the following members of the Junior
League participated in the work of conducting the tours: Mrs.
George A. Armstrong, Mrs. John K. Barry, Miss Eleanor Bishop,
Mrs. G. Edwin Brown, Jr., Miss Joan Burke, Mrs. Paul Campbell,
Mrs. Dean Cowie, Mrs. Charles Donnelly, Mrs. Walter Edwards, Mrs.
C. Clarke Gearhart, Mrs. Walter A. Graves, Mrs. H. F. Gregory,
Mrs. R. David Herdman, Mrs. Edward M. Lamont, Mrs. John A.
Manfuso, Jr., Mrs. William McClure, Mrs. Robert L. McCormick,
Mrs. William E. Minshall, Jr., Mrs. John Schoenfeld, Mrs. W. D.
Sloan, Jr., Mrs. Walter Slowinski, Mrs. E. Tillman Stirling, Mrs.
Richard F. Wallis.

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

At the close of the fiscal year, the temporary buildings on the site
for the new Museum of History and Technology were being torn
down to clear the land. The architects, McKim, Mead & White, sub-
mitted drawings for the entire building in the tentative stage, made
excellent progress on the working drawings, and completed the speci-
fications and drawings for the excavation and foundations. The de-
sign of this museum building previously approved by the Board of
Regents of the Institution, with the advice of the Joint Congressional
Committee, was approved unanimously by the Commission of Fine
Arts. The National Capital Planning Commission approved the
location of the building on the site.

Senator Clinton P. Anderson, chairman of the Joint Committee
on Construction of a Building for the Museum of History and Tech-
nology for the Smithsonian Institution, submitted to the United

42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

States Senate a report from the committee which reviews the legisla-
tive history of the building and the progress made in its design.
This report was printed as Senate No. 1437, 85th Congress, 2d session,
April 16, 1958.

Planning for this new building was directed by Frank A. Taylor,
Director of the Museum of History and Technology. Designs for
most of the exhibition halls requiring special architectural treatment
were completed by the Museum staff, and the architects prepared
the working drawings. John C. Ewers, administrative officer, di-
rected the Museum staff engaged in the planning of all interior areas.
Eugene Kingman, Director of the JosylIn Art Museum, Omaha,
reviewed many of the plans for exhibition halls and contributed
constructive criticism.

Funds for the design and the preparation of working drawings
for the construction of additions to the Natural History Building
were appropriated by Congress. The architects, Mills, Petticord &
Mills, have submitted tentative drawings with a model of the building
when completed and have made excellent progress with the working
drawings. The Museum committee for the planning of the wings
under the chairmanship of Dr. T. Dale Stewart, together with the
curators of the natural history divisions, completed a detailed pro-
gram of requirements which materially advanced the preparation of
plans and estimates.

Throughout the year’s planning of the two building projects, the
Public Buildings Service of the General Services Administration
contributed valuable advice and assistance in advancing, coordinating,
and approving the plans. Leonard L. Hunter, Assistant Commis-
sioner for Design and Construction, gave helpful advice and pro-
fessional direction to the progress of the work through the various
technical stages and presented the building plans before the approv-
ing agencies. Many of his colleagues materially advanced these
projects. John E. Cudd, architect of the Public Buildings Service,
assigned as liaison to the Smithsonian Institution, contributed greatly
to all phases of the two projects, assembling data on requirements,
advising the Museum staff on the arrangement of their planned facili-
ties, and assisting the architects in arranging discussions and ob-
taining decisions on many questions of design and procedure.

Contracts were let for completion of the replacement of the roof
covering on the Natural History Building, the first phase of which
was completed in the fiscal year of 1957. The work will include
covering all skylights with metal and the installation of fluorescent
lighting above the laylight glass. Covering of the skylights will
permit uniform lighting in the three large halls and eliminate water
leakage, which is impossible to control fully in large areas of skylight
glass.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 43

The west shipping entrance of the Natural History Building was
remodeled to provide a stockroom for the supply division and a more
adequate mail room, utilizing space heretofore used to garage Smith-
sonian trucks. An additional shipping entrance door was provided
by remodeling a window between the two existing doors. Supply
division offices were moved into the former stockroom after that
space was renovated.

Meeting room 43 was completely renovated. The work included an
acoustic tile ceiling, additional lighting, relocation of the projection
equipment, a new projection screen, tile floor covering, and improved
ventilation.

All exterior windows of the Arts and Industries Building were
painted, and new glass to provide better illumination was installed in
the large windows of the exhibit halls.

New concrete sidewalks were laid along both sides of the west serv-
ice road, Arts and Industries Building. A new service road was
laid along the west side of this building, and the service road along
the east side was resurfaced. Completion of this project eliminated
service hazards.

CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF

Effective July 1, 1957, the United States National Museum con-
sists of two units, namely, the Museum of Natural History (with its
four departments of anthropology, zoology, botany, and geology) and
the Museum of History and Technology (with its four departments
of science and technology, arts and manufactures, civil history, and
armed forces history). Under this new organizational setup, the old
department of engineering and industries and the department of
history were abolished.

Frank A. Taylor was promoted to Director of the Museum of
History and Technology on April 16, 1958.

In the department of civil history, Dr. Anthony N. B. Garvan
accepted an appointment as head curator on October 9, 1957. Paul
V. Gardner, on July 1, 1957, was transferred from the National Col-
lection of Fine Arts to the position of acting curator of ceramics and
glass; Mrs. Elvira Clain-Stefanelli was appointed assistant curator of
numismatics on September 23, 1957; and Dr. Wilcomb E. Washburn
became acting curator of political history on February 3, 1958.

Vacancies in the department of science and technology were filled
by the appointment of Dr. John B. Blake as associate curator of
medical sciences on July 1, 1957; Robert M. Vogel as assistant curator
of mechanical and civil engineering on July 22, 1957; Howard I.
Chapelle as curator of transportation on September 3, 1957; and
Eugene S. Ferguson as curator of mechanical and civil engineering

44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

on January 30, 1958. Dr. Derek Price, consultant for exhibits of
physics and astronomy, completed his assignment on January 3, 1958.

In the department of geology, Dr. Richard S. Boardman transferred
from the U. S. Geological Survey to the division of invertebrate
paleontology and paleobotany on July 1, 1957; Dr. Peter P. Vaughn
accepted an appointment as associate curator of vertebrate paleon-
tology effective July 15, 1957; Paul E. Desautels was appointed as-
sociate curator of mineralogy and petrology on August 5, 1957; and
Roy S. Clarke, Jr., transferred as chemist to the division of min-
eralogy and petrology from the U. 8. Geological Survey on October
91,1957. Dr. Porter M. Kier, appointed associate curator of inverte-
brate paleontology ‘and paleobotany on June 16, 1957, was inadvert-
ently omitted from the list of new appointments during the previous
fiscal year.

Dr. Ralph S. Solecki accepted an appointment of associate curator
of prehistoric Old World archeology on August 26, 1957, following
his return from archeological fieldwork on the Shanidar, Iraq,
project.

On March 27, 1958, Bela S. Bory was appointed supervisory ex-
hibits specialist and placed in charge of the production laboratory
of the Museum of History and Technology.

J. Russell Sirlouis, assistant curator of military history, retired
on June 30, 1957, after 42 years of service with the Institution.

Robert S. Woodbury, curator in charge of the sections of civil
and mechanical engineering, resigned July 9, 1957, to return to his
former position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Grace E. Glance, associate curator of entomology, retired July
31, 1957. Miss Glance transferred to the division of entomology
from the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1948 after having been
employed in the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine since
1925.

Franklin R. Bruns, Jr., associate curator of philately and postal
history, by lateral] transfer on November 18, 1957, became director
of the division of philately of the Post Office Department.

Herbert W. Krieger, curator of ethnology, retired November 30,
1957, after having served 33 years in the department of anthropology.
Mr. Krieger had participated in fieldwork sponsored by the Insti-
tution in southeast Alaska, Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba, the Bahama
Islands, and the Virgin Islands.

After having served more than 43 years as taxidermist on the
exhibits staff, Charles R. Aschemeier retired May 31, 1958. He repre-
sented the Smithsonian Institution on the Collins-Garner Expedition
to the Fornan Vaz District of Belgian Congo, where fieldwork was

SECRETARY’S REPORT 45

continued for more than 2 years as a result of transportation difli-
culties during World War I.

Lee L. Buchanan, research associate in entomology, died in Wash-
ington, D. C., on February 15, 1958. Buchanan, an authority on
weevils, had served as assistant biologist in the Bureau of Biological
Survey from 1917 to 1929, and remained in the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine from 1929
to 1949 when he retired for health reasons.

Dr. Harriet Richardson Searle, collaborator since January 11, 1901,
and research associate in zoology since December 27, 1956, died in
Washington, D. C., on March 28, 1958. Dr. Richardson was a world
authority on the isopod crustaceans and published more than 80
papers, including the monograph of the isopods of North America
which appeared in 1905 and which is still a standard reference work
on the group.

Respectfully submitted.

Remineton Ketxioce, Director.

Dr. Lzonarp CARMICHAEL,

_ Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Bureau of American

Ethnology

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field
researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri-
can Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958, conducted
in accordance with the act of Congress of April 10, 1928, as amended
August 22, 1949, which directs the Bureau “to continue independently
or in cooperation anthropological researches among the American
Indians and the natives of lands under the jurisdiction or protection
of the United States and the excavation and preservation of archeo-
logic remains.”

SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES

(Prepared from data submitted by staff members. )

Dr. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology
from 1928 to 1947 and Director since 1947, retired on December 31,
1957. At that time he was appointed a research associate. During
the period from July 1 to December 31, 1957, Dr. Stirling devoted
most of his time to administrative duties and the preparation of a
manuscript pertaining to previous fieldwork in Panama and Ecuador.
Effective January 1, 1958, Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., Associate
Director, was appointed Director. He also continued to be in charge
of the River Basin Surveys.

During the fiscal year Dr. Roberts devoted most of his time to the
management of the River Basin Surveys and subsequently to the
duties of the main Bureau office. In July and early August he made
an inspection trip to the Missouri Basin where he visited all the ex-
cavation parties of the River Basin Surveys and also several of those
from cooperating institutions. He was accompanied by Dr. Robert
L. Stephenson, chief of the Missouri Basin Project, Dr. John M. Cor-
bett, National Park Service archeologist, and Paul L. Beaubien, re-
gional archeologist for Region Two of the Service. Late in April
Dr. Roberts went to the field headquarters at Lincoln, Nebr., to assist
in preparing plans for the field season in the Missouri Basin. From
Lincoln, in company with several members of the Missouri Basin
Project staff, he went to Norman, Okla., to attend and participate in
the annual meeting of the Society for American Archeology. From
here the group proceeded to Russellville, Ark., where it inspected the

46

SECRETARY’S REPORT 47

excavations being carried on by a River Basin Surveys party in the
Dardanelle Reservoir area. En route back to Lincoln a stop was
made at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, and a number
of collections of archeological material in the museum there were ex-
amined. After spending several additional days at Lincoln studying
the operations of the office and laboratory, Dr. Roberts returned to
Washington and was in the office at the close of the year. During the
fall and winter months Dr. Roberts reviewed and suggested changes
in the manuscripts of several detailed, technical reports on the results
of excavations at sites in the Missouri Basin and other areas.

Dr. Henry B. Collins, anthropologist, continued his Eskimo studies
and other Arctic activities. He prepared an article on Eskimo art
for the Enciclopedia Universale Dell’Arte, a 14-volume work to be
published in Italian and English by the Istituto per la Collabora-
zione Culturale, Rome. His paper “Present Status of the Dorset
Problem,” which he presented at the 32d International Congress of
Americanists in Copenhagen, was published in the Proceedings of the
Congress.

In May Dr. Collins participated in an international conference on
Arctic anthropology held at the Danish National Museum in Copen-
hagen. Also attending were five anthropologists from the United
States, one from Canada, four each from Denmark and_ the
U.S. 8S. R., and two each from Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The
purpose of the meeting was to discuss plans for closer international
cooperation in Arctic anthropology. Following the conference Dr.
Collins visited a large Mesolithic site, Kongemosen, representing the
formative stage of the Ertebolle culture, and two other Mesolithic
sites at Eriksholm and Langtved, near Holbaek.

Dr. Collins continued to serve on the publications and research
committees of the Arctic Institute of North America, as well as on
the committee which plans the research program of the Arctic Re- |
search Laboratory at Point Barrow, operated by the Office of Naval
Research. He also continued as chairman of the Directing Commit-
tee which plans and supervises the work of the Arctic Bibliography,
a comprehensive annotated and indexed bibliography of publications
in all fields of science relating to the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions
of America and Eurasia. ‘The work is being prepared by the Arctic
Institute of North America for the Department of Defense. Volume
8 of the Bibliography, which abstracts and indexes the contents of
5,623 publications in English, Russian, German, and the Scandinavian
and 17 other languages, was delivered to the Government Printing
Office in June. This makes a total of 49,087 publications that have
been abstracted thus far in Arctic Bibliography.

48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Dr. William C. Sturtevant, ethnologist, spent the week of July 29-
August 4, 1957, in South Carolina working with the last living speaker
of any of the Siouan languages of the east—a Catawba man 85 years
old. The informant proved somewhat less than satisfactory, owing
to his age and rather poor recall of a language he has not spoken for
some years. However, a vocabulary file of a few hundred entries was
built up, and several short texts and songs were collected. In addition
to transcription in a phonetic orthography, all materials were re-
corded with a tape recorder, to form a permanent record of a different
nature than the Catawba linguistic materials collected by others be-
fore the advent of convenient mechanical recording devices with good
fidelity. The language has not yet been adequately analyzed, nor
has its precise relationship to other Siouan languages been established ;
the tape recording will be invaluable when these tasks are eventually
undertaken.

Dr. Sturtevant spent 7 weeks continuing his field research among
the New York State Seneca, during four separate trips. In September
he devoted 10 days to close observation of the work of a skilled
Seneca mask carver on the Allegany Reservation, making detailed
notes on his construction techniques and taking numerous photographs
to document the various steps in the process. For a few days of this
period Dr. Sturtevant received valuable assistance from Dr. William
H. Davenport of Yale University, a specialist on primitive art. It
became evident during this fieldwork that observation of construction
is an essential preliminary to the structural analysis of the forms of
these Seneca masks and will be of considerable assistance in the ethno-
esthetic study initiated during the previous fiscal year. During Jan-
uary and February, Dr. Sturtevant spent about 2 weeks on the
Cattaraugus Reservation attending the annual midwinter ceremony
of this Seneca group and discussing it with participants. The data
obtained form part of a continuing study of the religion of this com-
munity, which has previously received little attention from ethnolo-
gists, in contrast to most other Iroquois non-Christian communities.

In April 1958, Dr. Sturtevant visited Gainesville, Fla., for consul-
tations on Florida anthropology with Dr. John M. Goggin. From
there he traveled to Oklahoma via Montgomery, Ala. (where he ex-
amined the collections of the Alabama Department of Archives and
History), and the region around Philadelphia, Miss. (where he spent
three days surveying the possibilities for research among the Missis-
sipp! Choctaw). In Oklahoma he examined the photograph and
specimen collections of the Oklahoma Historical Society, attended
the joint annual meetings of the Society for American Archeology
and the Central States Anthropological Society, and had brief con-
tacts with members of several Oklahoma tribes. Dr. Sturtevant also

SECRETARY’S REPORT 49

attended the 11th Conference on Iroquois Research at Red House,
N. Y., in October 1957. At these latter two professional meetings he
delivered three papers. In December 1957 he attended the Ameri-
can Anthropological Association meetings in Chicago (where he also
examined an important collection of Seminole artifacts and a large
newly discovered collection of early photographs of the Seminole).

In May and June 1958, Dr. Sturtevant returned for three weeks
to the Allegany Reservation, where he concentrated on study of social
organization, particularly residence patterns. These data should
prove valuable for comparison with similar information, as yet un-
published, collected some 25 years ago on this reservation by Dr. Wil-
liam N. Fenton. Furthermore, the community studied is threatened
with removal to make way for flooding of a large part of the reserva-
tion by the proposed Kinzua dam. If the dam is built, present resi-
dence patterns can then be compared with residence after relocation
of the community. The nearly unanimous opposition of the Indians
to relocation makes research of this sort rather difficult.

Dr. Sturtevant’s office work included continuation of his research
on the Florida Seminole, on which a paper was published in Publica-
tion No. 5 of the Florida Anthropological Society, and work on a
paper on the historical ethnobotany of the cycad Zamia.

At the beginning of the fiscal year Carl F. Miller was continuing
the excavations by the Smithsonian Institution—National Geographic
Society Expedition at Russell Cave in Alabama. The work continued
until the end of August, and during that period a section of the cave
floor was excavated to a depth of 32 feet, where a water table was
encountered and it was necessary to stop the digging. During the
course of the work the skeletal remains of a very young infant were
found at a depth of approximately 4 feet. On the basis of a carbon—
14 date obtained during the previous season’s investigations at the
cave, it is estimated that the burial was approximately 5,000 years
old. There were no accompanying mortuary offerings, but the de-
posits where the remains were interred indicated that the Early
Woodland Period was represented. The partially flexed remains of
an adult male were found 814 feet below the floor level and it also
lacked any accompanying offerings. The burial probably was made
about 7,000 years ago. The material from the deposits indicates that
potterymaking began in that area at about 3500 B. C. Prior to that
time the people apparently had a completely hunting-fishing economy.
A large series of implements, discarded animal bones, and other ma-
terials was obtained from the lower deposits, and at a depth of 23
feet the remains of a hearth were uncovered. Charcoal from that
hearth was recently dated by Dr. H. R. Crane at the University of
Michigan as being 9,020+350 years old. The Russell Cave Expedi-

50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

tion brought back to the Smithsonian Institution somewhat more than
a ton and a half of material for study and exhibit purposes.

RIVER BASIN SURVEYS

The River Basin Surveys, in cooperation with the National Park
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the
Interior, the Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army, and
various State and local institutions, continued its program for salvage
archeology in areas to be flooded or otherwise destroyed by the con-
struction of large dams. During the fiscal year 1957-58 the program
was financed by a transfer of $175,624 from the National Park Serv-
ice to the Smithsonian Institution. Of that amount $157,624 was
for use in the Missouri Basin and the remainder covered operations
in other areas. A carryover of $15,902 from the Missouri Basin
funds for the preceding fiscal year made the total available for the
Missouri Basin $173,526. The overall total for the year was $191,526.
The amount of available money was somewhat larger than during
the previous fiscal year, and the increase was reflected in the work
accomplished.

Field investigation during the year consisted mainly of excavations,
although some surveys were carried on in several areas. On June 1,
1957, nine parties were in the field. Four were doing intensive dig-
ging in the Great Bend Reservoir area and four were making ex-
cavations in the Oahe Reservoir area, both projects being located
in South Dakota. A survey party covered portions of the Big Bend
area, which had not been visited during the previous summer’s work,
and carried on test operations in 14 sites. In September that party
moved to the Oahe Reservoir basin where it started similar oper-
ations. Most of the field parties had returned to their headquarters
by the end of September. Early in the spring a party conducted
excavations in the Dardanelle Reservoir area on the Arkansas River
in Arkansas. During the period February—June, a survey party
worked in three reservoir areas along the lower Chattahoochee River
in Alabama and Georgia, and in April—June another party excavated
in two sites in the Hartwell Reservoir area in South Carolina-
Georgia. At the end of the fiscal year nine parties were conducting
excavations along the Missouri River in South Dakota. Five were
working in the Great Bend Reservoir area and four in the Oahe
Reservoir Basin.

By June 30, 1958, reservoir areas where archeological surveys and
excavations had been made since the salvage program got under way
in 1946 totaled 254 in 29 States. The survey parties have located
and recorded 4,889 archeological sites, and of that number 997 have
been recommended for excavation or limited testing. In general

SECRETARY'S REPORT 51

the term “excavation” does not indicate the complete investigation
of a site, but usually means that only about 10 percent of it has been
uncovered. There are some cases, however, where the locality is of
sufficient significance to warrant extensive digging. Preliminary ap-
praisal reports have been issued for all the reservoir areas surveyed,
with the exception of the Big Bend in South Dakota and the group
of three in Chattahoochee Basin. The report for the Big Bend has
been completed, however, and will be processed early in the coming
fiscal year. One preliminary report covering the survey of the
Dardanelle Reservoir area in Arkansas was mimeographed and dis-
tributed during the year. Since the beginning of the Inter-Agency
Archeological Salvage Program, 184 appraisal reports have been
issued. The discrepancy between that number and the total of the
reservoir areas examined is due to the fact that in several cases in-
formation obtained from a number of reservoir projects located in
a single basin or subbasin have been combined in a single report.

By the end of the fiscal year 388 sites in 52 reservoir basins located
in 19 different States had been either partially or extensively dug.
Only a single site was excavated in some of the reservoir areas, while
in others a whole series was investigated. At least one example of
each type of site recommended by the preliminary surveys had been
excavated. In some cases it has been necessary to dig a number of
somewhat similar sites because the complexity of such remains makes
it essential to have considerable comparative material in order to
obtain full information about that particular phase of aboriginal cul-
ture. In brief it may be said that the cultural stages represented
cover the range from the early hunting peoples of about 10,000 years
ago to the frontier trading and Army posts of the latter part of
the 19th century. Reports of the results obtained from some of
the excavations have been published in Bulletins of the Bureau of
American Ethnology, in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,
and in various scientific journals. During the year River Basin
Surveys Paper No. 8, Bulletin 166 of the Bureau of American Eth-
nology, was distributed. It was written by Dr. Douglas Osborne
and pertains to excavations in the McNary Reservoir Basin near
Umatilla, Oreg. Accompanying the archeological report are ap-
pendices on the skeletal material, trade goods, and composition of
the copper objects found during the excavations. River Basin Sur-
veys Papers 9-14, which will constitute Bulletin 169 of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, were in page proof at the end of the year,
and the volume should be ready for distribution early in the next
fiscal year. Three of the papers pertain to investigations in the
Missouri Basin, two to work done in the Jim Woodruff Reservoir
area, Georgia-Florida, and one to a site in the Alatoona Reservoir

52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

area in Georgia. Twelve detailed technical reports on the results
of work done during previous years were completed during 1957-58
and are ready to submit to the editors for publication as soon as
funds sufficient to cover their cost are available.

As of June 30, 1958, the distribution of reservoir projects that have
been surveyed for archeological remains was as follows: Alabama, 3;
Arkansas, 1; California, 20; Colorado, 24; Georgia, 8; Idaho, 11;
Illinois, 2; Iowa, 3; Kansas, 10; Kentucky, 2; Louisiana, 2; Minne-
sota, 1; Mississippi, 1; Montana, 15; Nebraska, 28; New Mexico, 1;
North Dakota, 18; Ohio, 2; Oklahoma, 7; Oregon, 27; Pennsylvania,
2; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 10; Tennessee, 4; Texas, 19;
Virginia, 2; Washington, 11; West Virginia, 2; Wyoming, 22. Exca-
vations have been made or were under way in reservoir basins in
Arkansas, 1; California, 5; Colorado, 1; Iowa, 1; Georgia, 5; Kan-
sas, 5; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 4;
Oklahoma, 2; Oregon, 4; South Carolina, 2; South Dakota, 4; Texas,
7; Virginia, 1; Washington, 4; West Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 2. The
preceding figures include only the work of the River Basin Surveys
or that which was in direct cooperation between local institutions and
the Surveys. The investigations made by State and local institutions
working under agreements with the National Park Service have not
been included because complete information about them is not
available.

The River Basin Surveys, as in previous years, received helpful
cooperation from the National Park Service, the Bureau of Recla-
mation, and the Corps of Engineers, and various State and local insti-
tutions. The Corps of Engineers provided transportation and
guides for work in one of the reservoir areas and provided temporary
field headquarters for a party in another area. In several instances
mechanical equipment to assist in heavy excavations was made avail-
able by the construction agency. Field personnel of all the agencies
was particularly helpful to the various party leaders from the River
Basin Surveys and expedited their activities in numerous ways. The
National Park Service continued to serve as the liaison between the
various agencies, both in Washington and in the field. The Park
Service also prepared the estimates and justifications for the funds
needed to carry on the salvage program. In the several Park Service
regions the regional directors and members of their staffs cooperated
wholeheartedly in the program and greatly aided all phases of the
operations.

The main office in Washington continued general supervision of
the program. The field headquarters and laboratory at Lincoln,
Nebr., was responsible for the activities in the Missouri Basin and
also provided a base of operations for the party which worked at the

SECRETARY’S REPORT 53

Dardanelle Reservoir in Arkansas. The materials collected by the
excavating parties in the Missouri River Basin, as well as the one in
Arkansas and those from the Toronto Reservoir area on the Verdigris
River in Kansas, which were obtained the previous year, were proc-
essed at the Lincoln laboratory. During the first two months of the
fiscal year, Dr. James H. Howard, who supervised the project at the
Kansas Reservoir, worked in the Lincoln office studying the speci-
mens which he had recovered and preparing his report.

Washington office—The main headquarters of the River Basin
Surveys at the Bureau of American Ethnology continued under the
direction of Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. Carl F. Miller, archeolo-
gist, was detailed to the regular Bureau staff for the period from
July 1 to December 29, in order to continue excavations at Russell
Cave, Alabama, and to work up the material obtained from the cave.
On December 30 he returned to the River Basin Surveys staff and
from then until April 22 devoted his time to the completion of his
report on previous excavations at the James H. Kerr (Buggs Island)
Reservoir on the Roanoke River in southern Virginia. During the
winter months he spoke before several local societies, completed an
article on the Russell Cave work for the National Geographic Maga-
zine and gave a lecture on the cave before the National Geographic
Society in Washington. On April 22 he proceeded to South Carolina
where he conducted excavations in the Hartwell Reservoir area.
While engaged in those investigations he spoke before several local
Rotary and Lions Clubs, several groups of Boy Scouts, and a Naval
Research group at Clemson College. On May 23 he participated in
a conference held at the University of Georgia at Athens, at which
time representatives of the National Park Service, the University of
Georgia, and the River Basin Surveys discussed future work for the
Hartwell Reservoir area. Mr. Miller returned to Washington on
June 26 and on June 29 was again transferred to the Bureau of
American Ethnology to resume the activities at Russell Cave. The
latter work, which is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian
Institution and the National Geographic Society, was to continue
through the early months of the following fiscal year.

William M. Bass III, temporary physical anthropologist, was on
duty in Washington at the beginning of the year. He devoted the
month of July and the first week in August to a study of human
skeletal material from various sites in the Missouri Basin and pre-
pared reports on his findings. On August 9 he left Washington for
Pierre, S. Dak., and spent the ensuing 3 weeks assisting in the removal
of Indian burials at the Sully site in the Oahe Reservoir area. Mr.
Bass returned to Washington August 29 and resigned from the Sur-
veys in order to resume his studies toward an advanced degree. On

54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

June 2 Mr. Bass again reported for duty in Washington and spent
3 weeks classifying human skeletal material from the James H. Kerr
Reservoir in southern Virginia. He then proceeded to Pierre, S. Dak.,
and took charge of a party conducting excavations in the burial area
at the Sully site. Mr. Bass was engaged in those activities at the close
of the year.

Harold A. Huscher, archeologist on the staff of the Missouri Basin
Project, was detailed to the Washington office beginning February
2, 1958, and on February 7 left for Georgia and Alabama, where he
carried on preliminary surveys in three reservoir areas in the lower
Chattahoochee River Basin. Mr. Huscher continued those activities
until June 23 when he went to Athens, Ga., to participate in the
conference at which Mr. Miller was also in attendance. Following
the conference Mr. Huscher returned to Washington, and at the close
of the fiscal year was preparing a summary report on the results of
his explorations along the Chattahoochee.

Alabama-Georgia.—During the period February 10 to June 21
preliminary surveys were made in the areas to be flooded by the
Columbia Dam and Lock, the Walter F. George Dam and Lock, and
the Oliver Dam on the lower Chattahoochee River. The Columbia
Dam and Lock and the Walter F. George Dam and Lock are projects
of the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, while the Oliver
Dam is being constructed by the Georgia Power Co. The Columbia
Dam is to be located a short distance below the bridge across the
Chattahoochee River at Columbia, Ala. The Walter F. George Dam
is to be built at Fort Gaines, Ga., and the Oliver Dam is located a
short distance above Columbus, Ga. These three projects together
will flood out 120 contiguous miles of the Chattahoochee bottoms.
Since the area to be affected by the Walter F. George project will be
the first to be inundated, most of the period was spent in that area,
although some reconnaissance was made in both of the other basins.

During the course of the survey in the Walter F. George basin,
117 archeological sites were located and recorded on the Georgia side
of the river and 90 sites on the Alabama side. They range from sim-
ple village locations to areas containing the remains of several differ-
ent cultures, and from single to multiple mound groups. In addition
there are two historical sites of considerable importance. One is that
of the Spanish Fort of Apalachicola, dating from 1689 to 1691, and
the other the historic Creek town of Roanoke which was occupied by
the whites and then attacked and burned by the Indians in 1736. Be-
cause the exact dates of occupancy of the Fort are known, it should
provide an important check point in working out the chronology of the
area. Also, since the Roanoke village was burned it should be quite
productive archeologically. The aboriginal sites range from Early

SECRETARY’S REPORT 55

Woodland to relatively late Creek villages dating from the period
1675-1836. The latter present the possibility of a specific identi-
fication of sites from ethnohistorical evidence, as well as an unusual
opportunity to use the direct-historical approach in establishing a
regional chronology.

The manifestations in the Columbia Dam and Lock and Oliver
Dam basins are an integral part of the entire picture in the Lower
Chattahoochee Valley and must be studied in conjunction with those
in the Walter F. George section. Complete coverage of those two
projects was not possible in the time devoted to the reconnaissance,
but it was determined that there are at least 14 sites in the immediate
area of the Columbia Dam which will be affected by construction
activities. One is a major mound site probably dating about A. D.
1200, already half destroyed by the river, which calls for immediate
investigation. Three others are major village sites attributable to the
Weeden Island cultural pattern. In the Oliver Dam district there are
at least 15 known sites including mounds, early village locations, and
caves giving evidence of Indian occupation. The series encompasses
a period of at least 3,000 years.

The entire history of aboriginal development in that portion of the
Chattahoochee Valley is contained in the river bottoms and low ter-
races which will be flooded by the three reservoirs. Very little archeo-
logical work has been done there and an extensive program of excava-
tion is indicated. In addition, further surveys should be made in
districts not covered during the recent investigations.

Arkansas.—In the Dardanelle Reservoir Basin on the Arkansas
River in west-central Arkansas, excavations were made in five sites,
and two new sites were located and recorded during the period from
March 18 to May 7. All seven of the sites involved were in the lower
portion of the reservoir area. One rock shelter was almost com-
pletely excavated and four open sites were extensively tested. Little
was found at the excavated sites to indicate the type of dwelling or
structures erected by the people. However, a considerable collection
of artifact material was recovered which shows that the sites pri-
marily represent the Archaic Period and that their ceramics were
related to the Lower Mississippi Valley sequences. Only slight in-
fluences were noted from the Caddoan area to the west and southwest.
The two new sites found by the field party represent a mound-village
complex and a historic Cherokee location. Because of adverse
weather and unusually heavy rains during the period the party was in
the Dardanelle area, not so much work was accomplished as had been
contemplated, and it was recommended that similar excavations be
made during the following fiscal year in upper portions of the reser-
voir basin.

479801—58——5

56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The proposed survey of the Greer’s Ferry Reservoir area, which
was postponed the previous year because of high waters, was not
made during the current year by a River Basin Surveys party as con-
templated. Instead the University of Arkansas, working under an
agreement with the National Park Service, carried out the prelimi-
nary investigations at Greer’s Ferry. The situation there was some-
what comparable to that in the Dardanelle area in that weather con-
ditions hampered the work to a considerable degree. It was planned
that another party from the University would return to the Greer’s
Ferry area shortly after the beginning of the new fiscal year.

Towa.—No fieldwork was carried on in Iowa during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1958. However, the detailed technical report ““Archeo-
logical Salvage Investigations in the Coralville Reservoir, lowa” was
completed during the year and will be available for publication as
soon as funds for that purpose are available. The report consists of
100 typed pages, 12 plates, and 15 text figures.

Kansas.—The only activity on the part of the River Basin Surveys
during the fiscal year pertaining to Kansas was that of the comple-
tion of the detailed technical report on the excavation in eight sites
in the Toronto Reservoir Basin during the spring months of 1957. A
typed manuscript of 90 pages with 12 plates and 15 text figures is now
ready to submit to the editors.

Missourt Basin.—As in previous years, the Missouri Basin Project
continued to operate from the field headquarters and laboratory at
1517 “O” Street, Lincoln, Nebr. Dr. Robert L. Stephenson served
as chief of the Project throughout the year. Activities included work
on all four phases of the salvage program: (1) Survey, (2) excava-
tion, (3) analysis, and (4) reporting. The first two phases received
major attention in the summer months, and the second two during the
fall and winter. In addition to the four regular phases of the pro-
gram, a special chronology program was initiated during the year.

At the beginning of the fiscal year the staff, in addition to the
chief, consisted of 4 permanent archeologists, 1 archeologist detailed
to the Project from the Washington office, 5 temporary field assist-
ants, 1 field assistant detailed to the project from the Washington
office, 1 temporary physical anthropologist on duty in the Washing-
ton office, 1 field and laboratory assistant, 1 administrative assistant,
1 museum aide, 1 clerk-stenographer, 1 file clerk (half time), 1
photographer, 1 clerk-typist, 2 temporary laboratory assistants, 1
temporary (part time) draftsman, and 79 temporary field crewmen.
At the end of the 1957 summer field season, all temporary field crew-
men were terminated, with the exception of one who was assigned
laboratory assistant’s duties in the Lincoln office. The physical an-
thropologist subsequently was on duty in the Missouri Basin for 3

SECRETARY’S REPORT 57

weeks in August. The archeologist and field assistant detailed from
the Washington office returned to their regular assignments in Au-
gust. ‘Two temporary field assistants were terminated in August.
Two other temporary field assistants were appointed as archeologists
on the permanent staff. One temporary field assistant was transferred
to duty outside the Missouri Basin in January. One illustrator was
added to the permanent staff in November. AI] other temporary
employees were terminated in December and January. Four museum
aides were added to the permanent staff during the year. One tempo-
rary archeologist and two temporary field assistants were added at the
beginning of the 1958 field season. At the end of the fiscal year there
were 6 archeologists in addition to the chief, 1 administrative assist-
ant, 1 clerk-stenographer, 1 file clerk (three-quarters time), 1 clerk-
typist, 1 photographer, 1 illustrator, and 4 museum aides on the
permanent staff. Temporary employees included 1 archeologist, 1
physical anthropologist, 2 field assistants, 3 cooks, and 90 crewmen.

During the year there were 19 Smithsonian Institution River Basin
Surveys field parties at work within the Missouri Basin, while
another, working outside the Basin, also operated from the Project
office in Lincoln. Of the 19 Missouri Basin parties, 5 were at work
in July, August, and September in the Big Bend Reservoir area in
South Dakota, and 5 additional parties were at work there in June.
Five parties worked in the Oahe Reservoir area in July, August, and
September, and four other parties were at work there in June. The
party outside the Missouri Basin was that in the Dardanelle Reser-
voir area in Arkansas.

Other fieldwork in the Missouri Basin during the year included 11
field parties from State institutions working under agreements with
the National Park Service and in cooperation with the salvage re-
search program of the Smithsonian Institution. Parties from the
Universities of South Dakota, Idaho, Wyoming, Kansas, and Mis-
souri and from the North Dakota State Historical Society were in the
field during July to October. Parties from the Universities of South
Dakota, Idaho, Wyoming, and Missouri were conducting excavations
in June, as was a joint party from the North Dakota State Historical
Society and the University of North Dakota.

At the beginning of the year in the Big Bend Reservoir area,
G. Hubert Smith and a party of 10 were engaged in excavations on
the right bank of the Missouri River near the mouth of Medicine
Creek, in Lyman County, S. Dak., at site 39LM241. This site was
believed to be that of Fort Defiance (or Bouis), a small, short-lived
trading post of the 1840’s. It was one of a number of such estab-
lishments organized from time to time in competition with the Ameri-
can Fur Co. (P. Chouteau, Jr., & Co., after 1834). It was hoped that

58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

work there would provide information on such lesser establishments
of the fur and Indian trade, of which little was ever recorded at the
time they were in use. Excavations at 39LM241 proved that it was
not the site of Fort Defiance (or Bouis) but that it was of a later
period of permanent settlement, dating after 1880. Further search
for the Fort Defiance site proved fruitless. While somewhat scanty,
the data and specimens from 39LM241 provide materials that should
be very useful for comparative studies relating to this later period of
White occupation. The Smith party completed 6 weeks of fieldwork
and returned to the Lincoln office early in August.

The second River Basin Surveys field party in the Big Bend Reser-
voir area at the beginning of the year was directed by Dr. Warren W.
Caldwell and consisted of a crew of nine. The group was at work on
the right bank of the Missouri River in Lyman County, S. Dak.,
some 7 miles above the Lower Brule Agency, excavating in the Black
Partizan site (39L.M218). The latter consists of the remains of a pre-
historic earth-lodge village of at least 2 component occupations and
perhaps 3. The party completely excavated 1 circular earth-lodge
ruin and a large portion of a second, cross-sectioned a defensive forti-
fication ditch, excavated 1 complete bastion of the stockade, and tested
a number of midden areas and cache pits. The circular houses were
situated well outside the fortification ditch and were of the late occu-
pation of about the end of the 17th century. The ditch and bastion
represent two earlier occupation periods, with the ditch being dug
during the earlier one, later filled in and, still later, redug. Tests
indicated a rectangular house inside the fortification ditch and, to-
gether with midden areas and cache pits in that area, provided both
simple-stamped and cord-roughened pottery that predates the mate-
rial recovered from the circular houses outside the stockade. Among
the finds made in the cache pits, one of particular interest was the
burial of two very large, adult dogs, together with a pup. After 12
weeks of excavation, the party disbanded and returned to the Lincoln
office on September 7. The Caldwell and Smith parties shared a
joint field camp near the mouth of Medicine Creek.

The third River Basin Surveys field party in the Big Bend Reser-
voir area at the beginning of the year was under the direction of
Robert W. Neuman and had a crew of 10. That party conducted -
excavations in four sites in the vicinity of Old Fort Thompson, the
Indian Agency, on the left bank of the Missouri River in Buffalo
County, S. Dak. Two of them were prehistoric village sites on the low
terrace bottoms, and two were burial mounds situated on the higher
terrace of the Missouri River. The Pretty Bull site (39BF12) was
found to have had three separate occupations. The earliest and
deepest remains were recovered from two test excavations that un-

SECRETARY'S REPORT 59

covered two basin-shaped pits with burned, bright orange-colored
walls. One of these pits was associated with a few scattered post
molds. ‘The recovered artifacts suggest a Middle Woodland occupa-
tion and include cord-marked pottery, crude triangular projectile
points, stone end scrapers, elk or deer bone and antler tools, small
shell disk beads, and concentrations of hematite. The middle occupa-
tion was apparent in a large strata trench, where six cache pits with
slightly convex bottoms and undercut walls were excavated. Fill
within the pits included an abundance of Monroe, Anderson, and
Foreman pottery that relates to an early, rectangular-house occupa-
tion. Bone and stone implements were also numerous, but no archi-
tectural features were found. The late occupation was represented
in the excavations by the remains of a large, circular earth lodge.
A central fire hearth, basin- and bell-shaped cache pits, and second-
ary fire hearths were excavated within the house. The ceramic col-
lections from the house fill consist of at least nine pottery types,
suggesting a long and varied occupation. The post-mold pattern of
the house was poorly defined in some places, but the general pattern
was unmistakable.

The second village location excavated by the Neuman party was
the Akichita site (89BF221). There, three midden areas were
sampled extensively, and an abundance of artifacts and refuse was
recovered, but no houses were located. One bell-shaped cache pit was
dug. Artifacts collected suggest close affiliation with the older
levels at the Dodd site (89ST30) near Pierre, S. Dak. It was felt at
the end of the season that additional work was needed there, particu-
larly an effort to determine the architectural pattern of the houses.
A third site excavated was the Olson Mound (39BF223). It was a
low, circular earth mound 1.5 feet high and 40 feet in diameter. No
pottery and very few bone or stone artifacts were recovered from the
fill. In the center, and on the base of the mound, there was a con-
centration of badly decomposed human bones, suggesting the second-
ary burial of an undetermined number of individuals. The cultural
affiliation of the complex has not yet been determined. ‘The final site
excavations by the Neuman party were at the Truman Mound site
(89BF224). The latter consisted of a group of four low, circular
mounds in a line along the terrace edge, each measuring about 2 feet
in height and 50 feet in diameter. Three of the mounds contained
primary and/or secondary burials. One mound contained a deep,
oval pit extending 6 feet below its top surface. A flexed burial, shell
pendants, pottery sherds, and bone and shell tools were recovered
from both the pit and the mound fill. Another of the mounds had a
rectangular design of small rocks on its top surface and contained
secondary burials. One skull displayed a large cut hole in the left

60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

temporal region. This mound lacked pottery, but in all other 1e-
spects resembled the other three excavated mounds. The pottery
from this mound group, including one restored vessel, was simple
stamped, but had a typical Middle Woodland conoidal vessel shape
and no decoration. This party disbanded and returned to the Lin-
coln headquarters on October 3, after 14 weeks of fieldwork.

The fourth River Basin Surveys field party in the Big Bend Reser-
voir area was directed by William N. Irving and consisted of a crew
of eight. At the beginning of the year the party was at work on
the left bank of the Missouri River in the vicinity of Old Fort
Thompson in Buffalo County, S. Dak. Efforts were concentrated on
the Medicine Crow site (389BF2), and excavations were made in three
separate areas. In area A the men uncovered a circular earth lodge
and several cache pits of the late occupation of about the early 18th
century. In area C another circular earth lodge and several cache
pits were excavated, and the recovered material suggests an occupa-
tion date a few decades earlier than that of area A. One cache-pit
burial was recovered there. The main work of the season was in
area B, where a large series of extensive test excavations revealed
deeply buried evidence of at least three separate occupations, antedat- .
ing the appearance of ceramics in the area. Some 25 projectile
points and a large collection of camp refuse were obtained. The
types of the artifacts and the stratigraphic situation, terminating in
a coarse sand at the bottom, suggest an early Archaic occupation of
perhaps as much as 5,000 or more years ago. One skull, recovered
from the site, compares physically with the “Minnesota Man” re-
mains, which generally are believed to be late Pleistocene in age.
This is the best early-period site thus far noted in the immediate
valley of the Missouri River. It has a strong potential for produc-
ing evidence for a good sequence of occupations from very early
preceramic times to late ceramic times. The geology of the terrace
formations there, and pollen analyses, promise good interpretative
possibilities. The party ended the season’s work on October 3, after
14 weeks of excavation. The Neuman and Irving parties shared a
joint camp at Old Fort Thompson.

The fifth River Basin Surveys field party in the Big Bend Reser-
voir area at the beginning of the fiscal year was directed by Harold A.
Huscher. He was assisted by a crew of three. This was a mobile
party and constituted an extension of the previous summer’s survey
work in that area. During the season’s work the group conducted
extensive test excavations in 14 sites on both sides of the river in
Buffalo, Hyde, Hughes, Lyman, and Stanley Counties; made surface
collections from 14 other sites in Buffalo and Hyde Counties; and
located 16 previously unrecorded sites. Of the sites tested, 12 were

SECRETARY’S REPORT 61

recommended for excavation and 2 were written off as meriting no
further attention. The 12 comprised either single- or multi-occupa-
tion sites, ranging in time from Middle Woodland through the early
ceramic periods of rectangular houses to and including the late
ceramic periods of circular earth lodges. One suggests a preceramic
horizon somewhat similar to that at the Medicine Crow site (89BF2).
Of the sites visited and not tested, nine were recommended for further
investigation, and five were written off. One of the latter five,
39HU215, was first thought to be an early 19th-century trading post,
but tests indicated that it was a late 19th-century homestead allot-
ment, probably of Dakota occupancy. On September 3 this party
terminated its work in the Big Bend area after 8 weeks in the field,
and moved to the Oahe Reservoir area to continue similar survey and
testing activities.

In the Oahe Reservoir area there were four River Basin Survey
parties in the field at the beginning of the fiscal year, and a fifth
party began work there early in September. Dr. Robert L. Stephen-
son with a crew of 23 was excavating, at the beginning of the year, in
the vicinity of Fort Sully on the left bank of the Missouri River in
Sully County, S. Dak. That party conducted intensive excavations
in the Sully site (89SL4), the remains of the largest of the pre-
historic earth-lodge villages known in the Missouri Basin. It also
completely excavated a small rock-cairn burial site (89SL38) nearby.
The latter consisted of a deep burial beneath a rock pile and produced
a skeleton in poor condition, with no associated artifacts. The Sully
site excavations included 13 circular earth lodges of the nearly 400
presumed to be present in the site, and 114 of the 4 ceremonial lodges.
The house floors ranged in depth, below the surface, from 2 to 4
feet; entrances were to the southwest; and two distinct architectural
patterns were observed. One was composed of closely set double rows
of small outer wall posts, the other was composed of widely spaced
single rows of large outer posts with leaner posts outside them. Ap-
parently there were two closely related, yet somewhat different, oc-
cupational patterns, and the artifact inventory tends to support this
distinction. The ceremonial lodges were 12-sided structures of 75- to
80-foot diameters and had long entrance passages. The other houses
all had very short entrances. The ceramic inventory suggests that
there may have been an earlier occupation featuring rectangular
houses, but no such houses were found in the areas excavated. Other
features excavated include burial areas where 63 burials were re-
covered, midden heaps, a large rectangular “plaza” area of unknown
usage, a large I-shaped depression of unknown usage, a strata trench
across the center of the site, and 91 cache pits. The major occupation
of the site appears to have been by the immediate ancestors of the

62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Arikara during the period 1600-1750. The other occupation or occu-
pations were somewhat earlier. Among the unusual materials re-
covered were several catlinite pipes, an ornament of turquoise, a piece
of obsidian, and several ornaments made from marine shells. The
burials will provide a good series for study, and the field party was
particularly fortunate to have William M. Bass ITI, physical anthro-
pologist of the River Basin Surveys staff, present to assist in the
excavation of the burial areas. This party returned to the Lincoln
headquarters on September 14, after 18 weeks in the field.

The second River Basin Surveys party in the Oahe Reservoir area,
comprising a crew of seven, was directed by Charles H. McNutt. At
the beginning of the year they were camped with Dr. Stephenson’s
party near Fort Sully and were excavating in the nearby C. B. Smith
site (39SL29) on the left bank of the Missouri River in Sully County,
5. Dak. They uncovered major sections of 2 large circular earth lodges,
10 cache pits, and 17 other features, and tested 2 extensive midden
areas. This proved to be a moderately large earth-lodge village site
of about the early 17th century. After the completion of work there,
the party moved to the nearby Sully School site (89SL7) and exca-
vated 2 houses, 12 cache pits, and 9 other features, tested one midden
area, and trenched a portion of the fortification ditch and palisade.
One of the houses had been a long, rectangular structure with an entry
ramp to the south, while the other was a large circular structure. The
two occupations thus indicated suggest that one belonged to a period
approximating that of the C. B. Smith site, while the other was con-
siderably earlier—perhaps between A. D. 1200 and 1400. The fortifi-
cation ditch and palisade apparently surrounded the later period
occupation. In addition to the excavations at those two sites, the
McNutt party investigated two lesser sites in the vicinity. One,
39SL9, was a small occupation area with a few surface remains. Test-
ing there gave no promise of significant returns for intensive digging
and no further work was attempted. The other, 39SL10, was a burial
site along the edge of the present river bank. Stream cutting had
destroyed all but the last vestiges of it, and there was little to salvage.
The party disbanded and returned to the Lincoln headquarters on
September 14, after 18 weeks of work.

The third River Basin Surveys party in the Oahe Reservoir area
was directed by Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, who was detailed to the River
Basin Surveys for the summer by the department of anthropology of
the U. S. National Museum. Dr. Wedel and a crew of nine worked
near the Old Fort Bennett area on the right bank of the Missouri River
in Stanley County, S. Dak. The party conducted intensive excavations
in site 89ST203, where it uncovered two large circular earth lodges
dating around the 17th century and two large long-rectangular houses
of a much earlier period, perhaps the 14th or 15th centuries. The

SECRETARY’S REPORT 63

floors of the circular houses were 114 to 214 feet below the surface,
while those of the rectangular structures were 314 to 4 feet. Other
features excavated in this site include a burial pit with the remains of
five individuals, and evidence of burning over the top of the corpses.
The party also excavated a circular house and a large portion of the
stockade line at the nearby site, 395750. This small fortified village
of the late 18th or early 19th century may possibly be the Truteau vil-
lage of the mid-1790’s. Glass bottles and considerable metal were
found in the site. Dr. Wedel’s party disbanded on August 19, after 8
weeks of excavation.

The fourth River Basin Surveys party in the Oahe Reservoir area
was directed by Donald D. Hartle. It consisted of a crew of seven and
shared a joint field camp with the Wedel party. This party dug test
excavations in three sites during the season. At 39ST11, two houses,
nine cache pits, and several other features were excavated. The houses
were small rectangular structures with single end posts, evenly spaced
side-wall posts, and entrance ramps. Of especial interest was the
small size and short-rectangular shape of these houses, distinguishing
them from the long-rectangular structures of more usual occurrence.
Architecture and artifact collections suggest affiliation with the
early sedentary Anderson Focus of the 14th or 15th centuries. An-
other interesting feature was the remains of three people who had died
within a corner of one of the houses. With them were a whole pottery
vessel and some fragments of basketry. In 39ST23, a dwelling house,
a ceremonial lodge, several cache pits, a palisade and fortification
ditch, and several other features were excavated. The pottery and
circular houses suggest an Arikara occupation of perhaps the i7th or
18th century. The ceremonial house contained an altar, and the wall
posts were set in a trench around the base of the wall. At 39ST45,
three houses, several cache pits, two palisade bastions, and several
other features were excavated. This site was occupied at two differ-
ent times at least, since one house was rectangular and two were circu-
lar. The rectangular house was short and small and represents an
occupation very closely related to that of site 39ST11. The circular
house occupation was not. entirely clear, but appears to have been
representative of a culture pattern somewhat earlier than that of site
39ST23. The two palisade bastions were oval in pattern and ex-
tended laterally from a fortification palisade. This field party ended
its work on August 24, after 9 weeks in the field.

The River Basin Surveys’ mobile survey and testing crew of three,
under the direction of Harold A. Huscher, moved from the Big
Bend Reservoir area on September 3 and began a site survey and
testing operation in the Oahe Reservoir area between the mouth of
the Cheyenne River and Whitlocks Crossing on the right bank of the
Missouri River. Heavy vegetation growth and much rain during

64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

the season prevented the party from doing extensive site mapping or
reconnaissance in the area, but several of the larger sites were visited
and surface collections were made. <A site map and exploratory tests
were made at 39AR8, which appears to be related to the Huff site
in North Dakota. Six other large sites were located and recorded
for the first time in this area. The party disbanded on September
16, after 2 weeks in the Oahe Reservoir area.

The 1958 field season in the Missouri Basin began in the Big Bend
Reservoir area on May 11 with a small party exploring in the vicinity
of the Medicine Crow site (839BF2). Willham N. Irving with a crew
of three and Mrs. Kathryn HH. Clisby, pollen specialist from Oberlin
College, Ohio, collected samples of fossil pollen from various local-
ities in the area. Upon Mrs. Clisby’s departure, Irving and his crew
prepared a detailed map of the Medicine Crow site. On June 10
he increased his party to eight crewmen and added an assistant
trained in geology to work with him on stratigraphic terrace sequences
relating to the geology of the site and its immediate vicinity. They
located one new site containing a large mammalian fossil in a terrace
fill deposit and another site with columnar fire hearths exposed in
a cut bank of the river. Intensive excavations continued in area B
at the Medicine Crow site, and by the end of the year were progress-
ing through the upper 3 feet of the preceramic zones.

On May 19, the second River Basin Surveys field party began op-
erations in the Big Bend Reservoir area. This was a party of 10
under the direction of Robert W. Neuman excavating at two sites
near Old Fort Thompson on the left bank of the Missouri River.
Part of this crew continued work begun last season in the Akichita
site (89BF221) in an attempt to learn details of architectural fea-
tures. Extensive trenching had failed to find any traces of a house
structure by the end of the year, although much midden refuse added
significantly to the specimen inventory. The second section of the
crew continued work begun last season at the Truman Mound site
(39BF224). In that mound group, Mounds 5 and 6 were excavated
during June, thus completing work at the site. In both mounds sec-
ondary burials accompanied by shell, disk, and bone beads were found.
Beneath Mound 6, several projectile points, bone beads, and other
artifacts were found. This party planned to concentrate the re-
mainder of the field season on the several other mound sites in the
immediate vicinity.

The third River Basin Surveys party in the Big Bend Reservoir
area in June consisted of a crew of seven led by James J. F. Deetz.
It began work on June 10 and spent the remainder of the month in
excavations in areas A and © of the Medicine Crow site (839BF2).
Midden areas were trenched, and one circular earth lodge was exca-
vated. ‘This lodge was actually two closely superimposed structures.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 65

Work was continuing at this site at the end of the year. The field
parties of Irving, Neuman, and Deetz shared a joint field camp near
the Medicine Crow site.

The fourth River Basin Surveys field party in the Big Bend Reser-
voir area in June was composed of a crew of 13 directed by Dr. War-
ren W. Caldwell. it began work on June 10 at the Black Partizan
site in an effort to complete excavations started last season. By the
end of the year a circular (or more exactly an octagonal) earth lodge
had been completely excavated and a midden area trenched.

The fifth River Basin Surveys party in the Big Bend Reservoir
area consisted of a crew of seven led by Bernard Golden. It began
work on June 10 at the Hickey Brothers site (89LM4) and spent the
remainder of the year excavating midden deposits and one circular
depression that appeared to be an earth-lodge ruin. Artifact inven-
tory was small as of the end of the year. The Caldwell and Golden
parties shared a joint camp at the Black Partizan site.

In the Oahe Reservoir area, four River Basin Surveys parties were
in the field during the month of June and a fifth party was scheduled
to begin work early in the next fiscal year. The first party in the
area had a crew of 10 under the direction of Charles H. McNutt.
This group began on June 16, and spent the rest of the month con-
tinuing excavations begun last season at the Sully School site
(39SL7). There, a long expanse of the fortification stockade was
uncovered, and work was well under way toward excavation of cir-
cular earth-lodge structures.

The second River Basin Surveys party in the Oahe Reservoir area
in June consisted of a crew of 23 under the direction of Dr. Robert
L. Stephenson, with Lee G. Madison as assistant. They began work
on June 16 on the Sully site (39SL4) and by the end of the year had
exposed the floors and other features of three circular earth-lodge
structures. Artifact inventories were abundant in all 3, and an area
surrounding 3 sides of each of 2 of the houses was being exposed in
order to learn the nature of materials outside the houses.

The third River Basin Surveys party at work in the Oahe Reservoir
area by the end of the year was that of Richard P. Wheeler. It con-
sisted of a crew of eight and was working on the Fort Bennett site
(89ST12), on the right bank of the Missouri River near Old Fort
Bennett in Stanley County, S. Dak. That party began work on June
19, and by the end of the year had started the clearing of three circular
earth-lodge structures.

On the last day of the year, a fourth River Basin Surveys party
started work in the Oahe Reservoir area. It was comprised of a crew
of six, under the direction of William M. Bass IIT, and was to excavate
the extensive burial area at the Sully site (39SL4).

66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The McNutt, Stephenson, and Bass parties shared a joint field
camp in the vicinity of the Sully site. Such 2- and 3-party field
camps were proving to be efficient and economical, as many of the
activities and expenses of several parties could be combined. The
necessary field equipment, vehicles, number of cooks, and other ex-
penses were proportionately reduced. The consultative advantage of
having two or three archeologists in a single camp was proving to be
of great help in discussions pertaining to excavation methods and
general archeological interpretations.

Cooperating institutions in the Oahe Reservoir area at the beginning
of the fiscal year included a party from the University of South Dakota
directed by Dr. Wesley R. Hurt, Jr.; a party from the University of
Idaho under the direction of Dr. Alfred Bowers; and a party from
the State Historical Society of North Dakota, directed by Daniel J.
Scheans. At the end of the fiscal year cooperating institutions in the
Oahe Reservoir included a party from the University of South Dakota
directed by Eugene Fugle; a party from the University of Idaho di-
rected by Dr. Alfred Bowers; a party from the State Historical
Society of North Dakota and the University of North Dakota com-
bined, directed by Dr. James H. Howard. In other reservoirs in the
Missouri Basin cooperating institutions had parties in the field at the
beginning of the year as follows: The University of Wyoming, with
a party directed by Dr. William Mulloy in the Glendo Reservoir of
southeastern Wyoming; the University of Kansas, with a party di-
rected by Dr. Carlyle S. Smith in the Tuttle Creek Reservoir of north-
eastern Kansas; and the University of Missouri with a party directed
by Carl Chapman in the Pomme de Terre Reservoir of west-central
Missouri. At the end of the fiscal year cooperating institutions were:
The University of Wyoming with a party directed by Dr. William
Mulloy in the Glendo Reservoir area and the University of Missouri
with a party directed by Carl Chapman in the Pomme de Terre Reser-
voir area. All these parties were operating through agreements with
the National Park Service and were cooperating in the Smithsonian
Institution research program.

During the time that the archeologists were not in the field, they
were engaged in analyses of their materials and in laboratory and
library research. They also prepared manuscripts of technical, scien-
tific reports and wrote articles and papers of a more popular nature.

During January the first steps were taken by the staff archeologists
of the Missouri Basin Project toward a long-range Missouri Basin
Chronology Program. This program is a new departure in the field
of salvage archeology and is directed toward a more precise under-
standing of the time sequences of the prehistoric cultures represented
in the sites being excavated in the Missouri Basin. One primary ob-
jective of the program is to be able to plan future salvage excavations

SECRETARY’S REPORT 67

with increased efficiency. The program includes intensive research in
dendrochronology, radiocarbon-14 dating, pollen analysis, geologic-
climatic dating, typological analyses of artifact materials, historical
documentation, and the several subsidiary techniques applicable to
chronology. Ultimately the program should provide a specific time
scale into which each of the culture complexes represented in the
excavated sites can be fitted with pinpoint accuracy. In the second
half of the fiscal year the Missouri Basin Chronology Program made
several significant accomplishments. A large wall chart and map
were prepared, showing temporal position and geographic location of
all of the archeologically pertinent carbon-14 dates so far available.
A series of 11 radiocarbon-14 specimens were submitted to the Univer-
sity of Michigan for dating. The available dendrochronological ma-
terials on hand in the Missouri Basin were analyzed, and a determina-
tion was made of what further material is needed. Plans were also
made for procuring additional dendrochronological specimens upon
which a series of local master plots can be built. Pollen samples from
ancient bog areas were collected and submitted to Oberlin College for
analyses, and plans were made for further collecting of fossil pollens.
A man with geological training was temporarily added to the staff
to work out a terrace-system sequence along a portion of the Missouri
River, and a series of specimens was submitted to the University of
Michigan proportional counter laboratory for analyses. Representa-
tives from several State institutions are also cooperating in the
program.

The laboratory and office staff devoted its time to processing specimen
materials for study, photographing specimens, preparing specimen
records, and typing and filing of records and manuscript materials.
The accomplishments of the laboratory and office staff are listed in
the following tables.

TABLE 1.—Specimens processed July 1, 1957—June 80, 1958

Number Catalog Number of

Reservoir of sites numbers | specimens

assigned processed
TERVE TBYOraV0 La 2p ane ke as eg 34 8, 290 52, 718
Rene pepe tS SURE EMR A a cng ben he OPES AE 13 5, 417 38, 864
pKa LOM eat keMia Cen Ue At cee Mihalka a 29 901 1, 304
Sites not in reservoirs. 2020-422. 2.2. - 5 23 212
81 14, 631 93, 098
Collections not assigned site numbers_____ 2 9 9
SG) of) ge Ba il Spe eC wana re ef 83 14, 640 93, 107

68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

TABLE 2.—Record materials processed July 1, 1957-June 30, 1958

VET xxl COTES OTs OTC Se ee eee a Se ae re 9, 240
Photocraphic mec aivesmiiad elt ass sai wee een ee 2, 946
Photosraphicyprints, ;mad ese.) lnwe 11, 521
Photographic prints mounted and filed____.___________-----_-~.-------- 5, 182
Transparencies mounted in glass_____________-_-------------=---=-==- 1, 122
Color pictures);taken tiny the laboratony22) "2222. 368
Plate layouts madector Manuscripts. = eee 92
Cartographic! tracings) and revislonses. 22s. me ae 220
Platesslettered i js a SU a Se ee 37
Artifacts isketched tie eee cites ee SS SSS ECs ees 58
Profiles drawl! 2222 282 Some he stl a ee eee 16

As of June 30, 1958, the Missouri Basin Project had cataloged
917,370 specimens from 1,762 numbered sites and 52 collections not
assigned site numbers. During the current fiscal year, 8 pottery ves-
sels and 37 pottery vessel sections were restored, and 104 nonpottery
artifacts were repaired. Archeological specimens from 236 sites in 5
reservoirs were transferred to the United States National Museum, as
were selected specimens of dog, bird, and fish bones, and of shell.
Pottery specimens and stone projectile points were transferred to
Region Two of the National Park Service for use as display material
at Wind Cave National Monument in South Dakota. The Missouri
Basin Project received, by transfer from the Nebraska State His-
torical Society, through the courtesy of Marvin F. Kivett, sample
pottery specimens from four prototypical Nebraska sites. Cultural
units and sites of these type specimens are: Dismal River, the Lovett
site (25CH1); Lower Loup, the Burkett site (25NC1); Oneota, the
Leary site (25RH1) ; and Valley Woodland, the Schultz site (Q5VY1).
These specimens are now a part of the Missouri Basin Project com-
parative collection. The Missouri Basin Project also received by
transfer from the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History,
through the courtesy of Dr. Carlyle S. Smith, archeological collec-
tions from two sites in the Fort Randall Reservoir area. This was a
permanent transfer of excavated materials which increased materially
the research value of Missouri Basin Project collections.

During the Thanksgiving weekend, members of the staff partici-
pated in the 15th Plains Conference for Archeology, held in Lincoln.
On April 19, members of the staff presented papers at the annual
meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, also held in Lincoln.
On April 30 and May 1 and 2, members of the staff attended and par-
ticipated in the annual meeting of the Society for American Arche-
ology held in Norman, Okla.

Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, chief, when not in charge of field parties,
devoted most of his time to managing the office and laboratory in Lin-
coln and preparing plans for the 1958 summer field season. He spent

SECRETARY'S REPORT 69

some time working on a summary report of the Missouri Basin Sal-
vage Program for the calendar years 1952-56 and wrote several short
papers for presentation before scientific groups. He also worked ona
manuscript on the “Archeological Investigations in the Whitney Res-
ervoir, Texas,” and prepared text, pictures, and captions for a photo-
graphic booklet, “The Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage Program,
After Twelve Years.” During the second half of the year, he served
as chairman of the Missouri Basin Chronology Program. In August
he addressed the Pierre, S. Dak., Rotary Club on “Archeological Sal-
vage in South Dakota.” In October he addressed the Fidelia Lyceum
in Lincoln, Nebr., on “Prehistoric America in Missouri Basin.” In
January he attended and participated in the annual meeting of the
Committee for the Recovery of Archeological Remains, held in
Washington, D. C. On April 19 he attended the annual meeting of
the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, held in Lincoln, and presented a
paper on “The Missouri Basin Chronology Program.” On April 30
and May 1 and 2, at Norman, Okla., he attended the annual meeting
of the Society for American Archeology and participated as a dis-
cussant of a paper presented by Robert Bell, entitled “Caddoan
Relationships to the Plains.”

Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, archeologist, during the fall and winter
months devoted most of his time to analyses of specimen materials
recovered from sites he had excavated over the past year. He com-
pleted all plates, figures, and manuscript text for the final report
“Archeological Investigations in the Coralville Reservoir, Iowa.” He
also completed all plates, figures, and manuscript text for the final
report, “Archeological Salvage Investigations in the Hell’s Canyon
Area, Snake River, Oregon and Idaho.” He prepared a brief tech-
nical manuscript, “Firearms and Connotive Materials from Fort
Pierre II (89ST217), Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota,” and a brief
popular article, “The Smithsonian Institution in Arkansas.” The
latter was published in the June issue of The Ozark Mountaineer. Dr.
Caldwell also submitted a short note for publication in the Davidson
Journal of Anthropology entitled “Pacific Coast Clay Figurines: A
Contraview.” He submitted a book review of “Northwest Arche-
ology,” Research Studies of the State College of Washington, vol. 24,
No. 1, that was published in American Antiquity, vol. 23, No. 2, 1957.
During the second half of the year he served as dendrochronology
chairman of the Missouri Basin Chrenology Program.

Donald D. Hartle, temporary archeologist, on the staff at the begin-
ning of the year, left the project on August 26 to resume his graduate
studies. Mr. Hartle was formerly a regular member of the staff at
Lincoln and is still working on reports of work done at that time. He
also is preparing a report on the results of his investigations during
the 1957 field season in the Oahe Reservoir area.

70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Harold A. Huscher, temporary archeologist, on the staff at the
beginning of the year, was transferred to the Washington office on Jan-
uary 27 to carry on the explorations in Alabama-Georgia previously
discussed. Between his return from the field on September 16 and
his departure for the Southeast, Mr. Huscher wrote a rough draft of
a manuscript covering his work in the Missouri Basin in the summers
of 1956 and 1957—“Appraisal of the Archeological Resources of the
Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota.” He also prepared the prelimi-
nary draft of a brief technical manuscript on earth-lodge village forti-
fications in the Missouri Basin, and presented it as an oral report at
the 15th Plains Conference for Archeology in Lincoln on November
28. He participated in the initial stages of the Missouri Basin
Chronology Program.

William M. Bass III, temporary physical anthropologist, left the
staff on August 28. He rejoined the staff in the same capacity on June
2 and remained in the Washington office until June 20, when he pro-
ceeded to the Lincoln office where he spent five days working on a com-
parative human skeleton. He left for the field in the Oahe Reservoir
area on June 28.

William N. Irving, temporary archeologist, was appointed to the
permanent staff on May 18. When not in the field directing excava-
tions, he was in the Lincoln office analyzing materials he excavated
during the preceding summer and investigating the geological possi-
bilities of the Medicine Crow site (839BF2). He presented a prelimi-
nary report on the archeology of the Medicine Crow site at the 15th
Plains Conference for Archeology on November 28, and a report on
the chronology of the Medicine Crow site at the annual meeting of the
Nebraska Academy of Sciences on April 19. On May 1 he went to
Norman, Okla., and presented a paper on the chronological relation-
ships of the early part of the Medicine Crow site at the annual meet-
ing of the Society for American Archeology. During the second half
of the year he served as geology chairman of the Missouri Basin
Chronology Program.

James J. F. Deetz, temporary archeologist, joined the staff on June
2, and on June 10 left Lincoln for South Dakota to excavate a series
of sites in the Big Bend Reservoir area.

Alan H. Coogan, temporary field assistant, joined the staff on June
2, and on June 10 left Lincoln for the field to serve as assistant to Wil-
liam N. Irving in the geological-archeological work in the vicinity of
Old Fort Thompson in the Big Bend Reservoir area.

Bernard Golden, temporary archeologist, joined the staff on May 19
and on June 10 left Lincoln to begin excavations in an earth-lodge vil-
lage site in the Big Bend Reservoir area.

Charles H. McNutt, archeologist, when he was not in the field, de-
voted most of his time to analyses and the preparation of reports. He

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 2

1. Excavating a dwelling site of the period of permanent White settlement in the Big Bend
Reservoir area, South Dakota. River Basin Surveys.

2. Cutting trench through large burial mound at the Olson site, Big Bend Reservoir area,
South Dakota. River Basin Surveys.

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 3

1. Floor of large circular earth lodge dating about the 17th century. Holes around periphery
indicate location of wall poles; four larger holes in floor area show position of main supports.
Entrance passage at rear with the Missouri River in background. Odahe Reservoir area,
South Dakota. River Basin Surveys.

2. Excavating house floor and cache pits at the Sully site, Oahe Reservoir area, South
Dakota. River Basin Surveys.

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 4

Four stages in the carving of a Seneca mask. Allegany Reservation, New York.
fo) to e @

September 1957.

Plate 5

Secretary's Report, 1958

C6] YsNsny “vUljoIvd YyINoGg ‘asensury eqme}y
=v) 9} fo Joyvods Zuraly yse] ‘onjg JojAey, janwieg °*7

"SC6] [dy ‘eure []eq-yons ul pesn
UNIpP Ya “MeI0y) Iddississify “uosMeITIM Aq “|

SECRETARY’S REPORT 71

served as carbon-14 chairman, during the second half of the year, in
the Missouri Basin Chronology Program. He completed the final
draft of a major technical manuscript covering part of his previous
summer’s work, entitled “Archeological Investigations in the C. B.
Smith Site (89SL29), Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota.” He also com-
pleted the final draft of an unfinished manuscript begun by Harold A.
Huscher, entitled “Appraisal of the Archeological Resources in the
Big Bend Reservoir Area, South Dakota.” On November 28, he pre-
sented a paper, “Excavations at Two Sites in the Oahe Reservoir, Sully
County, South Dakota,” at the 15th Plains Conference for Archeology
in Lincoln. On April 18 he presented a paper entitled “La Roche
Ware and Relative Chronology” at the annual meeting of the Nebras-
ka Academy of Sciences in Lincoln. From April 30 to May 3 he at-
tended the annual meeting of the Society for American Archeology in
Norman, Okla. He was senior author, with Richard P. Wheeler, of
a brief article entitled “Bibliography of Primary Sources for Radio-
carbon Dates,” which was submitted in June for publication in the
Notes and News section of American Antiquity.

Robert W. Neuman, temporary archeologist, was appointed to the
permanent staff on July 29. During the time he was not directing
field activities he was busy completing the analyses of the data and
materials he had collected and preparing reports on his previous
seasons’ work. He completed the final draft of a major technical
manuscript entitled “Archeological Investigations in the Lovewell
Reservoir Area, Kansas.” On November 28, he presented a paper,
“Kixcavations in Four Sites in the Big Bend Reservoir Area, South
Dakota.” On April 19 he attended the annual meeting of the
Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln, and from April 30 to
May 38 attended the annual meeting of the Society for American
Archeology in Norman, Okla.

G. Hubert Smith, archeologist, during the periods he was not
in the field, devoted his time to completion of final drafts of two
major technical reports and one minor report. One major technical
report was “Archeological Investigations at the Site of Fort Ber-
thold II (32ML2), Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota”; the second
was “Archeological Investigations at the Site of Fort Pierre II
(89ST217), Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota.” <A brief report on
excavations at site 391.M241 was also completed. On November 29,
he served as chairman for a section of the Plains Conference for
Archeology, devoted to historic sites archeology, and summarized the
reports of the seven speakers. He submitted a book review of “New
Discoveries at Jamestown” by John L. Cotter and J. Paul Hudson,
which was published in the Autumn 1957 issue of Archeology. On
January 2, Mr. Smith was detailed, on a reimbursable basis, to the

479801—58—6

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

National Park Service to conduct archeological excavations at the
site of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Md.

Richard P. Wheeler, archeologist, was at the Lincoln headquarters
throughout the year until June 20. During this period he spent his
time preparing technical reports on work completed in previous
years. He completed the final section of a draft of a lengthy, detailed
report on excavations conducted during 1949-51 in the Angostura
Reservoir area in South Dakota and the Boyson and Keyhole Reser-
voir areas in Wyoming. He also completed the draft of a technical
report on excavations in the Jamestown Reservoir area in North
Dakota. At the 15th Plains Conference for Archeology, in Lincoln,
he presented a preliminary statement on the Stutsman Focus, and a
paper, jointly with Harry E. Weakly, dealing with the cultural and
chronological sequences at Birdshead Cave, Wyo. A third paper pre-
sented at that meeting dealt with radiocarbon dates and prehistory in
the central and northern Plains. As previously mentioned, he col-
laborated with Charles H. McNutt in preparing a paper for submission
to American Antiquity. From April 30 to May 3 he attended the
annual meeting of the Society for American Archeology in Norman,
Okla.

Snake River Basin—No field explorations were carried on in the
Snake River Basin during the fiscal year. However, one report on
the investigations made there during the previous year was completed.
It is called “Archeological Salvage Investigations in the Hell’s Canyon
Area, Snake River, Oregon and Idaho.” The manuscript consists of
95 typed pages and has 8 plates and 6 text figures. The material and
information upon which the report is based were mainly from two
sites in the vicinity of Robinette, Oreg. Another report pertaining
to the excavations on the Idaho side of the river at Big Bar has not
yet been completed, but it is well under way.

South Carolina-Georgia.—Excavations were made at two sites in
the Hartwell Reservoir Basin during the period from April 22 to
June 21. One of them was located in South Carolina and the other
in Georgia. In addition, three other sites in the South Carolina area
were inspected and an extensive surface collection of artifacts was
made at one of them. Owing to the refusal of the owner to permit
digging, no attempt was made at the latter site to determine its depth
or the extent of its deposits.

One of the sites where digging was carried on is located in the
fork created by the juncture of the Tugaloo and Chauga Rivers. The
site originally consisted of one large mound fianked on either side
by alow mound. During the last 10 to 12 years the large mound was
intentionally reduced in height in order to facilitate cultivation of
the field where it is situated. Consequently its present height of
12 feet above the level of the bottom lands does not represent its

SECRETARY’S REPORT 43

original height and its contour has also been modified. Four test areas
were dug in the vicinity of the present apex of the mound to deter-
mine if possible where the original apex had been, and also to discover
the physical makeup of the feature and the possible purpose for its
construction. One of the test areas exposed the outline of a rectangu-
lar structure with rounded corners and a subterranean floor. The
posts which had formed the walls had been placed at 2-foot intervals.
Because of lack of time the house remains were not completely ex-
cavated. Enough was done, however, to determine its general charac-
teristics. Two of the other test areas showed that the mound had
been erected in several stages over a period of years. In each case
the exterior mantle consisted of a hard-packed bluish-gray sandy clay
which varied from 3 to 6 inches in thickness. Each mantle in turn
had been spread over a layer of clean river sand averaging 1 foot
3 inches in thickness. There had been at least four such features,
and additional digging may reveal still earlier ones. Not much arti-
fact material was recovered, but such as was found indicates that
the latest culture represented probably was Cherokee with an earlier
underlying Etowah horizon. The site may well have been that of the
Cherokee village and mound known as Chauga.

On the Georgia side of the Tugaloo River approximately 2 miles
downriver from the Yonah Dam of the Georgia Power Co. is a village
and mound site which also has Cherokee affinities. This is the largest
site in the Hartwell Basin and lies on a sandy ridge 1,000 feet long
and 150 feet wide which parallels the river. There was a small
mound 150 feet from the northern limits of the ridge which upon
excavation proved to be quite unusual. The top layer or mantle
consisted of a sandy humus. This covered a sma!l mound of river
cobblestones of various weights and diameters which was approxi-
mately 2 feet in height and 18 feet in diameter. Directly underneath
the base of the rock mound was a series of seven heavy-packed ash
and calcined bone-filled basin-shaped hearths. Each of the hearths
was circular in outline and averaged slightly over 5 feet in diameter
and from 1 foot to 18 inches in depth. Because of the presence of the
fragmentary calcined bones it was thought that the basins served as
crematory areas over a long period of time. After the last or upper-
most hearth had served its purpose, the cobblestone mound was erected
over the crematory area, perhaps to indicate that it was a place of
particular significance or to protect the features lying beneath it.
Thus far such a manifestation is unique in southeast archeology and
it may indicate a local cult which has previously passed unnoticed
or has not been reported.

Adjacent to and south of the mound were the remains of three
houses representing different types of structure. The uppermost was
approximately square and the walls had been constructed by placing

74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

individual posts in prepared post holes. Directly beneath those re-
mains was evidence for a large rectangular “town-house” type of
structure measuring 44 feet in length and 26 to 27 feet in width,
with the doorway opening toward the south. The individual post
form of construction had also been used in erecting that structure.
Immediately beneath it and resting upon sterile red clay were the
fragmentary remains of two small circular trench-type houses, the
earliest form of house found throughout the Southeast. Additional
work at this location would undoubtedly yield further evidence per-
taining to the sequence of house forms and might also give a clue
to their significance.

Two unusual ceremonial burials were found in a test area some 40
feet from the house remains. Tubular-shaped pits with saucer-shaped
bottoms had been dug in the clean sterile sand of the ridge. The pits
were approximately 2 feet in diameter and the walls of one had been
lined with small cobblestones, while those in the other were left in
their natural state. At the bottom of each pit, 5 feet 5 inches below
the surface, were the fragmentary remains of a human cranium.
Other bones may originally have been present, but they had long since
disintegrated. The rock-lined pit was filled with a dark humic soil
intermixed with some stones, while the other was filled with clean
river sand. These burials may represent a new trait for that section
of South Carolina, Georgia, and the Southeast. The specimens col-
lected during the course of the work suggest that it was of Cherokee
origin. The site has been identified, tentatively, as that of the Chero-
kee Lower Settlements town of Estatoee by some. Others think
further evidence is needed to demonstrate that such was the case,
since historically it supposedly was on the South Carolina side of
the river. Additional excavations are certainly warranted at that
location.

Cooperating institutions—tIn addition to the several State and
local institutions cooperating in the Missouri Basin, others partici-
pated in the Inter-Agency Salvage Program in a number of areas.
The University of Arizona carried on investigations in the Painted
Rocks Reservoir basin on the Gila River in Arizona. The Museum
of Northern Arizona continued its explorations in the Glen Canyon
Reservoir area on the Colorado River. The University of Utah also
cooperated in the Glen Canyon project, working the upper end of
the basin. The University of California made surveys and conducted
excavations in the Trinity Reservoir area on the Trinity River, the
Terminus Reservoir on the Kaweah River, in the Coyote Valley
Reservoir area on the Russian River, and in the Washoe Reservoir
basin on the Truckee River. The University of Southern California

SECRETARY’S REPORT 75

worked in the Buena Vista watershed project and the Arroyo Grande
Creed watershed project in California. Idaho State College made
surveys along the Upper Snake, the Salmon, and Middle Fork Rivers
in Idaho. The University of Southern Illinois carried on surveys
and excavations in the Carlyle Dam area on the Kaskaskia River in
south-central Illinois. In New Mexico the School of American Re-
search excavated in the Abiquiu Reservoir area along the Chama
River and made surveys in the Navajo Reservoir area along the San
Juan River in northern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado. The
University of Oklahoma participated in three projects. One con-
sisted of a reexamination of the Fort Gibson Reservoir basin on the
Grand or Neosho River. Surveys and excavations were made there
a number of years ago before the dam was completed and the area
flooded. Because of a greatly lowered pool level last year it was
possible to return to the area and examine a number of sites which
had been under water for some time. The other two projects of the
University of Oklahoma were in the Sandy Creek Reservoir area
along the Blue River and Waurika Reservoir basin along Beaver
Creek, a tributary of the Red River. The University of Oregon sur-
veyed and excavated in two reservoir basins. One was the Immigrant
on Beaver Creek, a tributary of the Rogue River, and the other was
the John Day along the Columbia River. The University of Texas
continued its excavation project at the Ferrell’s Bridge Reservoir
along Cypress Creek, a tributary of the Red River in eastern Texas.
The State College of Washington continued excavations in the Ice
Harbor Reservoir area along the Lower Snake River in southeastern
Washington. In the New England area surveys were made on a per-
sonal contract basis by one member of the Department of Anthro-
pology at Harvard University and by a member of the faculty from
Temple University at Philadelphia. All these projects were carried
on under agreements with the National Park Service. In several
areas local groups continued to assist on a voluntary basis. These
activities were mainly in Ohio, Indiana, and southern California.

ARCHIVES

The Bureau archives continued during the year under the custody
of Mrs. Margaret C. Blaker. From June 1 to 6 Mrs. Blaker examined
pictorial and manuscript collections relating to the American Indian
in the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia, and in
the American Museum of Natural History, the Museum of the Amer-
ican Indian, the New York Historical Society, the New York Public
Library, and the Frick Art Reference Library in New York. On
June 13 Miss Barbara Hemphill entered on duty as a summer interne,
detailed to the archives.

76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Photographic collections Anthropologists, historians, publishers,
and interested members of the public continued in increasing numbers
to draw upon the extensive photographic collections of the Bureau as
a source of documentation and illustration. ‘The year’s total of 534
orders and written and personal inquiries concerning photographs
represents a 20-percent increase over the previous year’s figure of
444, and is almost double the 1956 total of 294. The 1,231 prints
distributed is also an appreciable increase over the 1,019 of last year
and 978 in 1956. The preparation and distribution, during the past
2 years, of descriptive lists of specific portions of the photographic
collections have undoubtedly made more searchers aware of the photo-
graphic resources of the Bureau, the result being an increased num-
ber of purchase requests. Lists describing photographs relating to
86 tribes or subjects are now available; 21 such lists were prepared
during the past year.

There were 22 new photographic collections received during the
year, some of which are described below:

A very important collection relating to North American Indians was
received by transfer from the Library of Congress. It consists of some
7,200 photographs pertaining to over 120 tribal units of the United
States, Alaska, and Canada; the Southwest, the Northwest Coast, the
Plains, and the Great Lakes areas are particularly well covered. The
photographs were made by professional photographers from approx-
imately 1890 to 1920, and are of excellent photographic quality. Over
two-thirds of them are outdoor views; the remainder are portraits,
most of which are accompanied by the name of the individual. At
year’s end only a preliminary examination of the collection had been
made. The arrangement and cataloging of the photographs by tribe
and area will be a major project for the coming year.

An album of 60 photographs relating to the several Indian tribes re-
siding on the Muckleshoot Reservation, Wash., in the period 1902-36
was received as a transfer from the Indian Claims Commission,
through the courtesy of Arthur C. Ballard, who made and collected
the photographs. The collection, with detailed captions, includes
portraits of Indian informants and views of native activities and
equipment such as fishing gear, firemaking equipment, ceremonial ob-
jects, houses, and tools.

A collection of about 40 photographs of Plains Indians made by
commercial photographers of the late 19th century was received as a
gift from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission,
through John Witthoft, chief curator. Another group of 26 such
photographs, including a number of Indian portraits by D. F. Barry,
was lent for copying through the courtesy of Mr. Witthoft.

SECRETARY’S REPORT ol .

A series of about 35 negatives relating to the Acoma, Laguna, and
Taos pueblos and to the Navaho and Paiute tribes, made by Vernon
Bailey during the first decade of the 20th century, was received as a
transfer from the Smithsonian hbrary, where they had been deposited
as a gift from Mrs. Vernon Bailey in 1945.

Thirteen photographs of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Indians,
including recent portraits of some descendants of prominent Apache
personalities of the 19th century, were received from Mrs. Eve Ball, of
Hollywood, N. Mex. With the assistance of Apache informants, Mrs.
Ball also provided identifications and notes on several photographs in
the Bureau collections.

Copy prints of 24 portraits and views of activities at Carlisle Indian
School, collected by O. H. Bakeless, ca. 1892-1902, were forwarded by
Dr. Archibald Hanna as a gift from the Yale University Library,
through the courtesy of John Bakeless, who owns the original prints.

Kight copy photographs relating to Indians of Michigan in the
period 1865-ca. 1900, collected from various sources by the Michigan
Historical Commission, were received as a gift from the Commission,
through the courtesy of Dr. Philip P. Mason.

Mrs. Marion Vincent, of Sequim, Wash., lent for copying eight
photographs of elderly Clallam Indians taken at various dates in the
first half of the 20th century, including a portrait of old Doctor Hall,
the boatmaker.

Richard Pohrt, of Flint, Mich., forwarded as a gift eight photo-
graphs of Indians of California and adjacent western States, made by
commercial photographers about 1900.

Six photographs of Seminole Indians made in Gollicr County, Fla.,
ca. 1900-1928, were received from Dr. Charlton W. Tebeau, of Cor ll
Gables, Fla., SThaoureh Dr. William C. Sturtevant.

Two snapshots of the tombstone of Joseph Pawnee No Pashee, first
governor of the Osage (d. 1883), located at Pawhuska, Okla., were
received as a gift from R. B. Schackleford, of Pawhuska.

Manuscript collections.—There is a continued increase in the utiliza-
tion of the manuscript collections by anthropologists and other stu-
dents. About 305 manuscripts were consulted by searchers, either in
person or by the purchase of 9,696 pages of reproductions. In addi-
tion, 68 mail inquiries concerning the manuscript collections were re-
ceived, and a considerable number were examined by the archivist in
preparing replies. As a result of this examination, new and more
complete descriptions of 61 manuscripts were drafted for the catalog,
annotations were added to numerous other catalog entries, and lists
describing certain related groups were prepared for distribution.

Thirteen lots of manuscript material were received in the archives.
The following have been cataloged and made available for reference:

78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

4517. Beam, George L. (official photographer, Denver & Rio Grande Western
Railroad). Miscellaneous correspondence and news clippings. Ca.
1917-27. 1 portfolio.

4507. Corbusier, William Henry. “Record of William Henry Corbusier, Colonel,
U. S. Army, Retired.” April 10, 1924. 30 pp., typed. Relates to the
Apache Indians of Arizona.

4505. Gilfillan, J. A. Chippewa dictionary (original draft?), notes on place
names, etc.; miscellaneous lot of notes, unarranged. Ca. 1911? 1
portfolio.

4521. Harrington, John P. Miscellaneous short manuscripts, unpublished.
1940-52 and n.d. 1 box. (Titles listed in catalog.)

3328. Marye, William B. Materials relating to the sites of Indian bridges,
principally in Maryland and Virginia, and also in Delaware and North
Carolina. 1932 ca—1949 and 1956. 5 boxes.

4524. Marye, William B. ‘Indian Shell Heaps on Chesapeake Bay and its
Hstuaries in Maryland; Some Incomplete Data Collected by William B.
Marye.” 19138 ca.—1956. 1 portfolio.

4514. Neweomb, C. F. ‘Sketch of Southern Portion of Queen Charlotte Islands,
B.C.” 1901. Manuscript map, approx. 33’’ x 58’’.

4513. Niblack, Albert P. Notes and correspondence relating to the ethnology
of the northwest coast of North America; miscellaneous papers, un-
arranged. Ca. 1884-89. 1 portfolio.

4525. Scott, Gen. Hugh L. Papers relating to Indian conditions, accumulated
while serving on the Board of Indian Commissioners, February 25, 1919-
July 25, 19383. 8 boxes. (Subject list in catalog.)

4504. Sturtevant, William C. “Notes on the History and Bibliography of Ca-
tawba Linguistic Studies.” July-August 1957. 18 pp., typed.

A summary description of the holdings of the Bureau archives was
prepared for the National Historical Publications Commission, U. 8S.
National Archives, for inclusion in the guide to depositories of manu-
scripts in the United States being prepared by the Commission.

ILLUSTRATIONS

The Bureau staff artist, K. G. Schumacher, continued work during
the year on a wide variety of artistic material for the Bureau of
American Ethnology and River Basin Surveys. An appreciable
amount of time was also devoted to various illustrative tasks needed
by different departments of the Smithsonian Institution.

EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS

The Bureau’s editorial work continued during the year under the
immediate direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. There were issued one
Annual Report and four Bulletins, as follows:

Seventy-fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1956—
1957. ii-+28 pp., 2 pls. 1958.
Bulletin 164. Anthropological Papers Nos. 49-56. x-+356 pp., 75 pls., 5 figs.,
15 maps. 1957.
No. 49. The Ormond Beach Mound, east-central Florida, by Jesse D.
Jennings, Gordon R. Willey, and Marshall T. Newman.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 79

No. 50. Hair pipes in Plains Indian adornment, a study in Indian and
White ingenuity, by John C. Ewers.

No. 51. Observations on some nineteenth-century pottery vessels from the
Upper Missouri, by Waldo R. Wedel.

No. 52. Revaluation of the Hastern Siouan problem, with particular em-
phasis on the Virginia branches—the Occaneechi, the Saponi, and the
Tutelo, by Carl I’. Miller.

No. 538. An archeological reconnaissance in southeastern Mexico, by Mat-
thew W. Stirling.

No. 54. Valladolid Maya enumeration, by John P. Harrington.

No. 55. Letters to Jack Wilson, the Paiute Prophet, written between 1908 and
1911, edited and with an introduction by Grace M. Dangberg.

No. 56. Factionalism at Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, by William N. Fenton.

Bulletin 165. Music of Acoma, Isleta, Cochiti, and Zuni Pueblos, by Frances
Densmore. xii+118 pp., 6 pls. 1957.

Bulletin 166. River Basin Surveys Papers, No. 8. Excavations in the McNary
Reservoir Basin near Umatilla, Oregon, by Douglas Osborne. With ap-
pendixes by Marshall T. Newman, Arthur Woodward, W. J. Kroll, and B. H.
McCleod. x-+258 pp., 40 pls., 6 figs., 19 maps. 1957.

Bulletin 167. Archeological investigations at the mouth of the Amazon, by
Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans. xxviii+664 pp., 112 pls., 206 figs. 1957.

The following publications were in press at the close of the fiscal
year :

Bulletin 143, vol. 7. Index to the Handbook of South Americans.

Bulletin 168. The Native Brotherhoods: Modern intertribal organizations on
the Northwest coast, by Philip Drucker.

Bulletin 169. River Basin Surveys Papers, Nos. 9-14:

No. 9. Archeological investigations in the Heart Butte Reservior area, North
Dakota, by Paul L. Cooper.

No. 10. Archeological investigations at the Tuttle Creek Dam, Kansas, by
Robert B. Cumming, Jr.

No. 11. The Spain site (391L.M301), a winter village in Fort Randall Reser-
voir, South Dakota, by Carlyle S. Smith and Roger T. Grange, Jr.

No. 12. The Wilbanks site (9CK—5), Georgia, by William H. Sears.

No. 13. Historic sites in and around the Jim Woodruff Reservoir area,
Florida-Georgia, by Mark F. Boyd.

No. 14. Six sites near the Chattahoochee River in the Jim Woodruff Reser-
voir area, Florida, by Ripley P. Bullen.

Bulletin 170. Excavations at La Venta, Tabasco, 1955, by Philip Drucker, Robert
F. Heizer, and Robert J. Squier. With appendixes by Jonas E. Gullberg,
Garniss H. Curtis, and A. Starker Leopold.

Bulletin 171. The North Alaskan Eskimo: A study in ecology and society, by
Robert F. Spencer.

Bulletin 172. The story of a Tlingit community: A problem in the relationship
between archeological, ethnological, and historical methods, by Frederica de
Laguna. i

Bulletin 173. Anthropological Papers Nos. 57-62:

No. 57. Preceramie and ceramic cultural patterns in Northwest Virginia,
by C. G. Holland.

No. 58. An introduction to Plains Apache archeology—the Dismal River
Aspect, by James H. Gunnerson.

No. 59. The use of the atlatl on Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan, by M. W.
Stirling.

80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

No. 60. A Caroline Islands script, by Saul H. Riesenberg and Shigeru
Kaneshiro.

No. 61. Dakota winter counts as a source of Plains history, by James H.
Howard.

No. 62. Stone tipi rings in north-central Montana and the adjacent portion
of Alberta, Canada: Their historical, ethnological, and archeological as-
pects, by Thomas F. Kehoe.

Publications distributed totaled 28,181 as compared with 28,558

for the fiscal year 1957.

COLLECTIONS
Acc. No.

216667. Late 18th-century wine bottle.
219119. Miscellaneous archeological objects.

FROM RIVER BASIN SURVEYS

216556. Archeological and human skeletal material from Nebraska, excavated
by River Basin Survey archeologists in the summer of 1948.

217608, 218413. Archeological material excavated from Buffalo Pasture site in
Oahe Reservoir, Stanley County, 8S. Dak.

214120, 217212. (through Dr. Robert L. Stephenson) 21 land and fresh-water
mollusks from Oregon, Wyoming, and South Dakota.

MISCELLANEOUS

Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist on the staff of the Bureau from
1900 to 1944 and a research associate since his retirement, died at
his home in Newton, Mass., on May 2, 1958. Dr. Swanton is best
known for his extensive work on the Indians of the Southeastern
United States and as chairman of the DeSoto Commission. He was
the author of 5 extensive articles in the Annual Report series of the
Bureau, 12 complete Bulletins, 2 Anthropological Papers, and 2 pa-
pers in the War Background Studies. He was coauthor of three Bul-
letins and edited Byington’s Choctaw Dictionary. His The Indians
of the Southeastern United States, Bulletin 187, and The Indian
Tribes of North America, Bulletin 145, are outstanding contributions.
The report of the DeSoto Commission, of which he was the unnamed
author, is in continuing demand. Dr. Swanton was a member of the
National Academy of Sciences. He received the Viking Medal and
Award for Anthropology in 1948.

Dr. John P. Harrington and Dr. A. J. Waring continued as re-
search associates of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Dr. M. W.
Stirling, as research associate, used the facilities of the Bureau
laboratory and continued his study of collections made on field trips
to Panama and Ecuador in previous years.

There were 2,772 letters of inquiry about American Indians and
related problems received in the Director’s office during the year.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 81

Information was furnished by staff members in answer to many of
the queries, and to others, information leaflets or other printed items
were supplied.

Eleven bibliographies or information leaflets were prepared or
revised and duplicated for distribution to the public, as follows:
SIL-16, 2d rev., 6/58. Indian Crafts and Indian Lore. (Bibliography.) 3 pp.
SIL-50, rev., 8/57. Selected List of Portraits of Prominent Indians in the Col-

lections of the Bureau of American Hthnology. 3 pp.

SIL-90, rev., 3/58. Dealers in Second-Hand Scientific and Government Publica-
tions. 2 pp.

SIL-100, 8/57. Anthropology as a Career. 18 pp. (Reading list, pp. 14-18.)

SIL-105, 8/57. Selected Bibliography on Cherokee Customs and History. 4 pp.

SIL-132, 12/57. Selected References on the Middle American Area. 5 pp.

SIL-133, 12/57. Bibliography on Indian Languages and Language Families.

6 pp.
mens 12/57. American Indian Languages. (Hxplanation.) 2 pp.

SIL-187, 12/57. The Cherokee Language. (Explanation with references.) 2 pp.
SIL-174, 6/58. Selected References on the Indians of the Southeastern United

States. 12 pp.

SIL-175, 6/58. Selected References on Present-day Conditions among United

States Indians. 9 pp.

In addition to the leaflets described above, many bibliographies and
information leaflets were compiled on topics of a general or specific
nature, linguistic problems or terms, picture information, etc., and
typescript copies sent out to hundreds of civic organizations such as
the Scouts, Campfire Girls, summer camps, church clubs, and women’s
clubs throughout the country, as well as to the general public. The
information files and bibliographic material were constantly reviewed
by staff members so that the most up-to-date material for term papers
could be sent in answer to hundreds of requests from high school and
college students. Manuscripts were frequently read and appraised by
staff members for colleagues and scientific organizations. Specimens
were identified for owners and data on them supplied.

Respectfully submitted.

Frank H. H. Roserrs, Jr., Director.

Dr. Lzonarp CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Astrophysical Observatory

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1958:

The Astrophysical Observatory includes two research divisions:
the Division of Astrophysical Research, for the study of solar and
other sources of energy impinging on the earth, and the Division of
Radiation and Organisms, for investigations dealing with radiation
as it bears directly or indirectly upon biological problems. Shops—
for metalwork, woodwork, and optical electronic work—are main-
tained in Washington to prepare special equipment for both divisions,
and a shop for high precision mechanical work at Cambridge. A field
station for solar observation is located at Table Mountain, Calif.

DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH

The most important event of the past year was the activation of the
Optical Satellite Tracking Program, within two hours of the launch-
ing of the first artificial earth satellite on October 4, 1957. The
resulting data have already produced vital new information about
the density and temperature of the upper atmosphere and the earth’s
equatorial bulge. ‘The exploration of space by manned and unmanned
space vehicles continues to receive study, and specific plans have been
formulated for placing an astronomical telescope in a satellite orbit.

The Observatory has pursued its investigation of solar-system phe-
nomena, particularly of cosmic gas dynamics and celestial mechanics;
and studies of the origin, structure, and probable age of meteorites
have continued.

The close haison between the Astrophysical Observatory and the
Harvard College Observatory, the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, and other research centers in the Boston area continues to
bring mutual benefit. Its long-term goal, to make crucial astronomi-
cal observations and experiments above the atmosphere, is well on the
way to realization.

Solar astrophysics—aAt the Table Mountain Station, Alfred G.
Frouand has been measuring atmospheric ozone, to determine the
light absorption of ozone in a vertical path, both in the visible spectral
range and in the infrared, from a single spectrobologram; and also,
possibly, to measure the quantity and quality of haze. This study

82

SECRETARY’S REPORT 83

may reveal other related effects of energy absorption in the upper
atmosphere. By calculating theoretical spectra for early-type stars,
and calculating the blanketing effects in the solar atmosphere, Dr. Max
Krook has been investigating the propagation of disturbances through
a stellar atmosphere, and associated phenomena such as radio fre-
quency emission and the acceleration of charged particles. With Dr.
J. C. Pecker, of the Paris Observatory, he plans to apply a method
he has devised for solving equations in nongray atmospheres. Dr.
Krook continues his efforts to obtain exact numerical solutions of non-
linear kinetic equations for the case of shear flow with heat transfer,
and to determine a wide range of values of the Mach number, the
Knudsen number, and the temperature ratio. Such solutions will
bear on the validity of various approximation procedures for solving
Boltzmann equations. The formal mathematical analysis of these and
related problems was completed this year.

Dr. Charles Whitney continued the investigation of gas-dynamical
problems associated with the solar atmosphere and the atmospheres of
variable stars. He has formulated the equations appropriate to the
solar atmosphere; initial integrations have been performed on an
electronic computer, and the stability of the equation is being investi-
gated. From studying variable stars of small amplitude and their
pulsational instability, he hopes to determine the exact limits to the
domains of variable stars, and the properties of variables near these
limits. Spectrographic data on cepheid variables will furnish an
empirical foundation for subsequent investigations of the gas dy-
namics of variable stars. Dr. Whitney is also testing the theory that
the ionization zone is the seat of pulsational instability. During the
year he completed a detailed theoretical explanation of the period-
luminosity relationship, which has significance for problems of stellar
evolution and the size of the galaxy.

Dr. Alan S. Meltzer, before he left the Observatory in September
1957, carried out studies of solar line profiles and the variation of
Doppler half-widths of lines with varying atomic weights, to deter-
mine whether the broadening mechanism is kinetic temperature or
turbulence. The atomic-weight dependence of the Doppler broaden-
ing of these lines corresponds to a kinetic temperature of about 10,000°
K, a value substantially higher than that predicted by accepted
theories of the solar atmosphere.

Upper atmosphere—Dr. Theodore E. Sterne has been studying the
inferential methods used in evaluating observational data, and the
probable degree of validity of the resulting conclusions—one of the
most important problems in astronomy today. He has developed
methods based on celestial mechanics for inferring the density of the
upper atmosphere from the motions of artificial earth satellites;

84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

application of the formula indicates a value several times higher than
previous estimates. Such information will greatly improve our
understanding of solar-terrestrial relationships in general. Dr. Sterne
is also developing general literal analytical theories of the motions
of satellites of flattened planets. Since adequate numerical treat-
ments are costly and time-consuming, a comprehensive analytical
treatment is desirable to facilitate the inference of air densities, and
possibly of gravitational anomalies, from observations of satellites.

Balloon experiments relating to stellar scintillation are being carried
out by Dr. J. Allen Hynek and George J. Nielson, in cooperation with
Col. David G. Simons of the Aero Medical Field Laboratory, Hollo-
man Air Force Base, the Winzen Laboratories of Minneapolis, and the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instrumentation Laboratories.
This project hopes to determine how the scintillation spectrum varies
with atmospheric height and the altitude at which the scintillation
effect terminates; to test miniature instrumentation for future use;
and to initiate an airborne research program for the Astrophysical
Observatory.

A new technique that will extend astronomical observations to the
far ultraviolet region of the spectrum and to the X-ray region is being
developed by the Director and Robert J. Davis of the Observatory
staff. This involves the design of a telescope for use in space, and
the completion of related theoretical scientific and engineering studies.

The Director completed a theoretical study of the nature and thick-
ness of the lunar dust layer. He concludes that the layer of loose dust
is not appreciable and that it can consolidate into a porous matrix,
so that it will not be a major hindrance to our exploration of the moon.

Meteoritical studies Research on meteors has been emphasized at
the Astrophysical Observatory. The Director’s predictions as to the
small number of meteoritic bodies likely to strike vehicles in space have
been supported by the early data from the artificial earth satellites.
Continuing studies of the relation between meteors and comets are
expected to yield more information about the nature and origin of
comets. Under the supervision of Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia, some 400
meteors photographed with Super-Schmidt cameras have been ana-
lyzed to determine the nature and distribution of meteoritic orbits.
From analysis of the atmospheric decelerations, light curves, and
photographic appearances, he concludes that meteors are highly frag-
mentable and often dissolve into a cluster of fragments. He finds no
evidence for meteors of asteroidal origin among the precise data from
the 400 reductions, and no hyperbolic meteors have been certainly
detected. All photographic meteors appear to be of cometary origin.
From a comparison of visual and photographic magnitudes of meteors,

SECRETARY’S REPORT 85

Dr. Jacchia concludes that visual estimates of meteor brightness are
strongly affected by the Purkinje effect when the meteors are fainter
than magnitude —1. Such an effect is bound to influence all statistics
and extrapolations based on visual meteor counts.

In a study of the width of meteor trails, the Director and Dr. G. S.
Hawkins found that the meteor columns had a finite diameter of
approximately 1.3 m larger than would be expected from diffusion;
the width is attributed to a continuous fragmentation process.

Under the direction of Dr. John S. Rinehart, the Observatory has
expanded its study of meteorites, as projected last year. Much has
already been achieved toward the attainment of the four chief goals:
Collecting and identifying micrometeorites in the upper atmosphere;
designing and constructing an X-ray fluorescent microanalyzer, under
the direction of Dr. F. Behn Riggs, Jr., to use for the point-to-point
analysis of the metallic constituents of iron meteorites; measuring the
abundance of isotopes in meteorites, under the direction of Dr. Edward
L. Fireman; studying the surface features of meteorites for evidence
of ablation. Dr. Rinehart has concentrated on the study of micro-
meteorites and ablation. He and Paul Hodge designed a special col-
lector, for use in aircraft, which filters and recovers particulate matter
from the air. Some 30 high-altitude flights have now collected sev-
eral thousand particles which are almost certainly of extraterrestrial
origin. This program will expand during the next year.

Edward P. Henderson of the U. S. National Museum and Prof.
David Williams of the University of Florida have assisted in the
detailed study of ablation; the surface features of the Grant Meteorite
received particular attention.

Studies of high-speed impact, in which meteoritic material was fired
at bricklike materials, were initiated, and results of these tests are
now being analyzed.

Dr. Edward L. Fireman completed his investigation of the exposure
time of meteorites to cosmic rays, and the energy of cosmic rays in
space, by measuring the argon 39 in the Sikhote-Alin Meteorite. From
measurement of this and other radioactive isotopes, he can estimate
the probable age and original shape of various meteorites, and con-
cludes that the Carbo Meteorite reached the earth about 1,500 years
years ago, and was a nonspherical object in space.

John Wood is attempting to relate the various types of silicate
meteorites to a parent planet, and investigate the processes that take
place during the early stages of planetary evolution. Carlos Var-
savsky, as consultant to the Astrophysical Observatory, carried out
calculations that indicate a lunar origin for tektites; he showed that
the Whipple-Rinehart model for the ejection of tektites from the

86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

moon could account for their observed distribution over the earth’s
surface.

A metallographic study of the structure of meteorites is being
made by Mrs. Lynne Farrell.

Satellite Tracking Program.—This program, under the direction
of Dr. J. Allen Hynek, began operating on a 24-hour basis immediately
after the launching of the first sputnik. By the end of the fiscal year,
the 12 stations for the optical tracking of artificial earth satellites
were completed. The Baker-Nunn cameras for the precision photo-
graphic program had been installed, and 20 observers and their fami-
lies had reached their posts. Pending the installation of the cameras,
an interim observational program was carried out, under the super-
vision of Dr. Richard E. McCrosky, in Hawaii, and Kenneth Morrison,
in Argentina. Since the cameras began operation they have produced
many successful observations of the satellites, serving as the basis for
scientific research and analysis.

The Moonwatch program, under the supervision of Leon Campbell,
Jr., was activated within a few hours of the first launching. As of the
end of the year, 230 registered teams working all over the world have
contributed valuable data on the various satellites. Since the begin-
ning of the program on October 4, 1957, they have sent more than
4,000 observations to the computations center at the Astrophysical
Observatory.

The reduction and analysis of the optical observations proceeded
under the supervision of Richard Adams. From calculations based on
the computational methods devised by Drs. L. E. Cunninghan, T. E.
Sterne, L. G. Jacchia, C. A. Whitney, and D. Lautman, the Astro-
physical Obervatory has been able regularly to provide orbital predic-
tions of satellite passages, vital for the successful optical tracking of
the satellites, and subsequent evaluation of telemetered readings of
on-board instrumentation.

Scientific analyses of data obtained by the Satellite Tracking Pro-
gram were carried out by various members of the staff. From prelimi-
nary determinations of upper atmosphere parameters, basic new
knowledge was gained of the density and temperature of the upper
atmosphere above an altitude of 150 kilometers, which will apply to
the design of future satellites and of rocket-powered glide and skip
aircraft and to problems of reentry of objects in ballistic orbits. Other
new information obtained to date includes an improved value of the
coefficient “J” of gravitational flattening.

In partial fulfillment of its contractual obligations to the Inter-
national Geophysical Year, through the National Science Foundation,
the Observatory issued a series of special reports on the results
of satellite data analysis, at intervals of roughly two weeks. Under

SECRETARY'S REPORT Q7

the supervision of Dr. Gerhard F. Schilling, 18 reports issued between
October 15 and June 80 received wide distribution.

In conjunction with the satellite observations, a program has been
developed for obtaining observations of the earth’s albedo. For this
study A. Danjon has developed an ingenious differential photometer.
On the recommendations of Dr. J. Allen Hynek and Dr. George van
Biesbroeck, six stations have now been equipped with the instrument
and preliminary observations have already reached the Astrophysical
Observatory.

PUBLICATIONS

Volume 2 of the Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics was
completed, with the publication of numbers 5-18. Number 10 was of
particular importance in presenting a complete collection of the optical
observations of Satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957 Beta, during their
entire lifetimes.

During the currrent year the following publications by staff mem-
bers of the Astrophysical Observatory appeared in various journals:

ApAms, R. M.; McCumsrr, N.; and BRINKMAN, M. Processed observational data
for U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957 Beta. Smithsonian Contr.
Astrophys., vol. 2, pp. 287-837, 1958.

ASHBROOK, J.; SCHILLING, G. F.; and Sterne, T. H. Glossary of astronomical
terms for the description of satellite orbits. Smithsonian Contr. Astro-
phys., vol. 2, pp. 211-217, 1958.

CAMPBELL, L., Jr., and HyneEK, J. A. Visual observations of Satellite 1957 Alpha
One made by Moonwatch stations. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2,
pp. 245-274, 1958.

Davis, R. J. 21-em observations near galactic longitude 120°. Astrophys. Journ.,
vol. 125, p. 391, 1957.

Davis, R. J.; WELLES, R. C.; and WuHippie, F. L. On determining the orienta-
tion of a cylindrical artificial earth satellite. Astronautica Acta, vol. 3,
p. 231, 1957.

Fireman, H. L. Argon-39 in the Sikhote-Alin meteorite fall. Nature, vol. 181,
p. 1613, 1958.

The distribution of helium-3 in the Carbo meteorite. Nature, vol. 181,

p. 1725, 1958.

Nuclear processes in geology. In “Nuclear Science Series,” Nat. Res.
Council, Nat. Acad. Sci., June 1958.

FIREMAN, HW. L., and ZAHRINGER, J. Depth variation of tritium and argon-37
produced by high-energy protons iniron. Phys. Rev., vol. 107, p. 1695, 1957.

JaccuiA, L. G. On the “color-index’”’ of meteors. Astron. Journ., vol. 62, p. 358,
1957.

On two parameters used in the physical theory of meteors. Smith-
sonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, pp. 181-187, 1958.

Basic orbital data for Satellite 1957 61. Smithsonian Contr. Astro-
phys., vol. 2, p. 285, 1958.

Successive revisions of orbital elements for Satellite 1957 Beta.
Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, p. 339, 1958.

479801—58—_—_7

88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

RINEHART, J.S. Meteorites. Discovery, August 1957, p. 336.

Distribution of meteoritic debris about the Arizona meteorite crater.

Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, pp. 145-160, 1958.

Fracturing under impulsive loading. Bull. Univ. Missouri School of

Mines and Metallurgy, No. 95, 1958.

Optical tracking of earth satellites. Bull. Amer. Phys. Soe. ser. 2,
vol. 3, p. 290, 1958.

RINEHART, J. S., and Scuiiiine, G. F. Additional orbit information for
U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 al and 61. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol.
2, p. 199, 1958.

Scuititine, G. F. Soviet orbit information for Satellites 1957 a2 and 1.
Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, p. 281, 1958.

ScHILiine, G. F., and Frercusson, EB. 8. Soviet orbit predictions and orbital in-
formation for Satellites 1957 al, a2, and Beta. Smithsonian Contr. Astro-
phys., vol. 2, p. 219, 1958.

Scuinitine, G. F., and Srerne, T. EH. Preliminary orbit information for
U. S. S. R. Satellites 1957 al and a2. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol.
2, p. 191, 1958.

Stowey, J. W. A chart for finding a satellite’s distance and elevation. Smith-
sonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, p. 348, 1958.

Sterne, T. EH. A suggested analytical treatment of the orbit of a close satellite.
Astron. Journ., vol. 62, p. 88, 1957.

Analytical orbits of close satellites of oblate planets. Astron. Journ.,

vol. 62, p. 96, 1957.

Celestial mechanics of artificial satellites. Sky and Telescope, vol. 17,

p. 66, 1957.

The gravitational orbit of a satellite of an oblate planet. Astron.

Journ., vol. 63, p. 28, 1958.

Formula for inferring atmospheric density from the motion of an
artificial earth satellite. Science, vol. 127, p. 1245, 1958.

STERNE, T. E., and Dirrer, N. The constancy of the “solar constant.” Astron.
Journ., vol. 62, p. 147, 1957.

Stegne, T. H.; Forkart, B. M.; and Scumuine, G. F. An interim model at-
mosphere fitted to preliminary densities inferred from U. S. S. R. satellites.
Smithsonian Contr. Astrophbys., vol. 2, p. 275, 1958.

STERNE, T. E., and Scuriine, G. F. Some preliminary values of upper at-
mosphere density from observations of U. S. 8. R. satellites. Smithsonian
Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, p. 207, 1958.

VarRSAVSKY, C. M. Origin of tektites. Nature, vol. 181, p. 172, 1958.

WHIppPLE, F. L. Exploring the upper atmosphere. Think, vol. 23, p. 5, 1957.

Comments on the sunward tail of Comet Arend-Roland. Sky and

Telescope, vol. 16, p. 426, 1957.

The meteoritic risk to space vehicles. Jn “Vistas in Astronautics,”

p. 115. Pergamon Press, 1957.

Orbit accuracy and ranges for ground-based optical tracking. In

“Vistas in Astronautics,” p. 258. Pergamon Press, 1957.

Optical tracking of artificial earth satellites. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.,

vol. 103, p. 215, 1958.

Stand by for satellite take-off. Pop. Mechanics, vol. 108, p. 65, 1957.

Observations of Satellite I. Sci. American, vol. 197, p. 37, 1957.

WuHrrte, F. L.; Boyp, L. G.; Hynex, J. A.; and ScHILLING, G. F. (editors). Or-
bital data and preliminary analyses of Satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957 Beta.
Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 189-347, 1958.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 89

WHITNEY, C. A. Comments on the present status of the pulsation theory. Astron.
Journ., vol. 62, p. 149, 1958.

The Ca II emission of classical Cepheids. Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liége,

ser. 4, vol. 20, 1958.

Granulation and oscillations of the solar atmosphere. ‘Smithsonian
Contr. Astrophys., vol. 2, p. 365, 1958.

Wuitney, ©. A., and Cox, J.P. Stellar pulsation. IV. A semitheoretical period-
luminosity relation for classical Cepheids. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 127, p.
561, 1958.

Wuitney, C. A., and Stone, P. Numerical integration for nonadiabatic com-
pression waves in the solar atmosphere. Astron. Journ., vol. 62, p. 149, 1957.

WricHt, F. W.; Jaccuia, L. G.; and Wuippte, F. L. Photographic :-Aquarid
meteors and evidence for the northern Aquarids. Astron. Journ., vol. 62, p.
225, 1957.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Various members of the staff attended meetings and presented
papers before the American Astronomical Society, the American Phys-
ical Society, the American Geophysical Union, the National Tele-
metering Conference, the American Institute of Mining and Metallur-
gical Engineers Conference, and the American Meteorological Society.

Every member of the scientific staff has given lectures before schools,
colleges, civic groups, and military organizations, on the subjects of
satellites and space. Some have taken part in round-table discussions
on television and radio.

For the annual meeting of the Regents of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, the Observatory displayed a series of models illustrating the
Baker-Nunn camera, the Norrman time standard, and the satellite
tracking station buildings and layout.

Dr. J. Allen Hynek represented the Astrophysical Observatory at
the opening ceremonies of the satellite tracking station at Curacao.
He also took part in two symposia: Space Telescopes, at the Air Tech-
nical International Center, Wright-Patterson Air Station; High A1-
titudes, at Bethesda, Md.

Leon Campbell, Jr., represented the Director at the Eighth Annual
Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, in Barcelona,
Spain.

Dr. Gerhard F. Schilling represented the Smithsonian Institution
at the Eleventh National Conference on the Administration of Re-
search, held in Washington, D. C. At a special meeting of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences, May 1958, he reported the scientific results
obtained by the Optical Satellite Tracking Program.

Dr. John S. Rinehart participated in the Symposium on Properties
of Materials of the American Institute of Metallurgical, Mechanical,
and Petroleum Engineers in New York, and the Symposium on Min-
ing Research at the Missouri School of Mines. He also lectured at
the Summer Science Institute at Northeast Missouri State Teachers
College.

90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Dr. Gerhard F. Schilling, Dr. J. Allen Hynek, and the Director
participated in conferences of the Technical Panel on the Earth Satel-
lite Program of the National Academy of Sciences’ U. S. National
Committee for the International Geophysical Year, as well as meet-
ings of various working groups of the Special Committee on Space
Technology of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia, at the end of May, visited various Caribbean
islands to make an on-the-spot investigation of the demise of Satellite
1957 Beta, from reports of eyewitnesses.

The Director served as delegate to the Eleventh General Assembly
of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Toronto,
last September, and was a participant in the Conference on America’s
Human Resources to Meet the Scientific Challenge, sponsored in
February 1958 by the President’s Committee on Scientists and En-
gineers at New Haven, Conn. He was a contributor to the Second
Annual Air Force Office of Scientific Research Astronautics Sympo-
sium at Denver, Colo., in April 1958, presenting a paper “On the
Lunar Dust Layer.”

In national science and defense, the Director was called to testify,
on April 21, 1958, before the U. S. House of Representatives Select
Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration, on the needs for
the United States of America in space exploration. He served as
consultant to the U. 8. Office of Naval Research and to the U.S. Air
Weather Service on problems related to the coming Age of Space.
He has been elected chairman of the Technical Panel on Rocketry
and is a member of the Technical Panel on the Earth Satellite Pro-
gram of the International Geophysical Year; chairman of the Panel
on the Atmosphere, Scientific Advisory Board to the Air Force; mem-
ber of the Committee on Cosmic and Terrestrial Relationships of the
American Geophysical Union; and member of the working group on
Space Surveillance, National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.

The Director is editor of the Smithsonian Contributions to Astro-
physics and of a new international publication: Planetary and Space
Physics.

DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS

Research on photomechanisms in plants continued, with special
emphasis on those growth responses controlled by low levels of red
and blue radiant energy. Further investigations by Dr. William
H. Klein and Victor Elstad were made of the red, far-red mechanism
that controls photomorphogenic processes in seed germination, seed-
ling development, flowering, and other related responses. In these
responses, the red (620-680 mp) induces the growth response, which
can be nullified by subsequent exposure to the far-red (710-730 my).

SECRETARY’S REPORT 91

If bean seedlings are simultaneously exposed to monochromatic
red and far-red radiant energy, the growth response elicited is deter-
mined by the energy ratio of the two sources. The red response is
dominant, even up to ratios of 1 to 10, although at this ratio the
response is only 50 percent of that produced by red used alone.

The interaction of gibberellin, kinetin, and cobalt with the photo-
process has been studied and evaluated. The results indicate that
there is no direct interaction between red irradiance and the added
substances, although all these materials do exert a modifying influence
on the final growth response. These reactions were assayed by the
measurement of the opening of the stem hook of young Black Valen-
tine bean seedlings, which has been shown to be a quantitative deter-
mination of the growth response.

Dr. John B. Wolff and Leonard Price continued studies on the
effects of radiant energy on the biosynthesis of protochlorophyll in
leaves of higher plants grown in the dark. A single exposure to a
saturating irradiance of red or blue energy converts most of the
protochlorophyll present in the dark-grown leaf to chlorophyll a.
Subsequently, protochlorophyll is resynthesized in the dark from
precursors present in the leaf, but during the first 2 or 3 hours this
process is very slow. Later, the rate of synthesis gradually increases.
The experimental procedure followed was to expose the leaves briefly
to monochromatic energy, then incubate in the dark overnight, and
next test for their ability to resynthesize protochlorophyll. It was
found that red energy near 650 my» is more effective than an equal
quantity of blue energy near 445 my in stimulating the rate of proto-
chlorophyll resynthesis. These wavelengths were selected because
they are at the maxima of the action spectrum for the photochemical
conversion of protochlorophyll to chlorophyll a. If the red irradia-
tion is followed immediately by a treatment with far-red energy be-
tween 710 and 730 my, the stimulatory action due to red energy can
be largely nullified. The far-red energy by itself had little effect on
pigment synthesis.

In a study of the biochemical changes involved in the development
and maturation of the chloroplast of higher plants, some progress
has been made in the isolation of intact proplastids from dark-grown
leaves. In excised leaves which had been irradiated with red energy,
both the protein concentration and dry weight of the isolated plastid
fraction were found to have increased over those of etiolated leaves,
but the protein had increased more rapidly than the dry weight.
Studies are now in progress to determine the conditions for biosyn-
thesis of plastid components, with emphasis on the carbohydrate
energy sources required for such syntheses.

92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Dr. Alice P. Withrow and Dr. Walter Shropshire, Jr., measured
the growth of tomato plants given various regimes of light sequences
which involved supplementing a 17-hour period of high-intensity
fluorescent light with 7 hours of red and/or far-red radiant energy.
It was found that neither red nor infrared caused any increase in
height as compared to those that received a 7-hour dark period.
However, a far-red exposure given during the 7-hour period, either
continuously or in a sequence of 15 minutes on and 15 minutes off,
caused the stems to almost double in length. If, in the 7-hour period,
the far-red were followed by red, only a slight growth was noted. If
this procedure were in effect for 14 complete cycles on each of 15 con-
secutive days, totaling 210 cycles, more than 90 percent reversal of
the far-red growth potentiation was secured. Undoubtedly, the far-
red acts as a reversing agent of the red-inhibited stem growth initiated
during the 17-hour high-intensity period. Cycling the far-red with
red prevents the far-red action. It also was found that the chloro-
phyll content of the youngest mature leaves was reduced by 20 per-
cent if they were exposed to 7 hours of far-red. There was little
change if red or infrared were used during the 7-hour period.

It has previously been reported that far-red radiant energy in the
spectral region from 710 to 820 mp, when used as a supplement to
X-rays, significantly increases the frequency of chromosomal aberra-
tions. This year, Dr. Robert B. Withrow and Dr. Carl C. Moh ex-
tended the study to determine the region of far-red which gives the
maximum effectiveness in increasing the X-ray effect on chromosomal
breakage.

Root tips of broad bean (Veta faba) were pretreated with a 3-hour
exposure of far-red radiant energy of a specific wavelength and then
irradiated with 100 roentgens of X-rays. Using an irradiance of
1500 pw/cm?, wavelengths at 730, 760, 780, 800, and 820 mu were
tested. It was found that roots irradiated at 760 mp yielded 67 per-
cent more chromosomal aberrations than the control (X-rays only),
and those with 780 my, 54 percent, both increases statistically signifi-
cant. Pretreatment with radiant energy at 800 mp increased the ab-
errations by 20 percent, but 730 and 820 my gave no increase. It may
be concluded that far-red radiant energy from 760 to 780 mp is most
effective in increasing the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in-
duced by X-rays. In the past year it also was found that red radiant
energy from 620 to 680 mp, when applied subsequent to or simul-
taneous with the far-red treatment, can nullify the far-red potentiat-
ing effect. On the other hand, blue energy was ineffective in re-
versing the potentiation induced by the far-red. This result implies
that the red versus far-red reversible system found at the chromosomal
level is analogous to that occurring in a wide variety of photo-

SECRETARY’S REPORT 93

morphogenic responses, such as seed germination, seedling develop-
ment, and flowering.

In studying the effect of blue light on growth, Dr. Walter Shrop-
shire, Jr., investigated the detailed action spectrum of the first
positive tip curvature of the oat coleoptile, using a grating mono-
chromator and irradiating the coleoptile at 10 mp steps from 350 to
520 mu. Krom this action spectrum, it is concluded that the active
pigment initiating the growth response is yellow, probably carotenoid
in nature, with absorption maxima at 410-415, 440-445, and 470-475
my. A flavin photoreceptor appears unlikely, although a peak was
observed in the near-ultraviolet at 870 mp. The curvatures in the
ultraviolet may be due to screening across the plant tissue by an in-
active secondary pigment with an absorption at about 370 mp.

PUBLICATIONS

WitHrow, R. B.; Kiemn, W. H.; and Exstap, V. Action spectra of photo-
morphogenic induction and its photoinactivation. Plant Physiol., vol. 32, pp.
453-462, 1957.

WoLrr, JOHN B., and Pricr, LEoNARD. Terminal steps of chlorophyll @ biosyn-
thesis in higher plants. Arch. Biochem. and Biophys., vol. 72, pp. 293-301,
1957.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Various stafl members attended several national and international
meetings to present results of research in progress. Early in the year,
Dr. Robert B. Withrow and Dr. Alice P. Withrow attended the
Gordon Conferences at Meriden, N. H., where Dr. Robert B. Withrow
lectured on “Photocontrol of Growth by Red Light.” At the annual
meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, Stanford,
Calif., the following papers were presented :

Stimulation of protcchlorophyll synthesis in dark-grown bean leaves by irradia-
tion with low energy, by J. B. Wolff, L. Price, and R. B. Withrow.

Kinetics of the far-red inactivation of photomorphogenesis in the bean hook, by
W. H. Klein, R. B. Withrow, and V. Elstad.

Interaction of red and far-red radiant energy in modifying X-ray-induced
chromatid aberrations in broad bean, by C. C. Moh and R. B. Withrow.

The mode of action of light and temperature, by R. B. Withrow.

Status of action spectrum and photoreceptor pigment in phototropism, by W.
Shropshire, Jr.

An international Symposium on Photoperiodism and Related Phe-
nomena in Plants and Animals, sponsored by the National Research
Council and the National Science Foundation, was organized under
the chairmanship of Dr. Robert B. Withrow and held at Gatlinburg,
Tenn. in October 1957. Papers entitled “Interaction of Growth Fac-
tors with the Photoprocess in Seedling Growth,” by W. H. Klein, and
“A Kinetic Analysis of Photoperiodism,” by R. B. Withrow, were
presented at the symposium,

94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Dr. Robert B. Withrow, Chief of the Division of Radiation and
Organisms, died on April 8, 1958, of a heart attack at the University
of Minnesota Hospital in Minneapolis, Minn. Dr. Withrow came to
the Smithsonian Institution as Chief of the Division of Radiation
and Organisms in 1948. Prior to this, he had held positions at the
University of Cincinnati, Purdue University, and the Argonne Na-
tional Laboratory and had served as consultant to the U. S. Army
Air Force for gravel culture and hydroponics installations. Dr.
Withrow was internationally recognized for his contributions to the
knowledge of light reactions in plants.

Respectfully submitted.

EF. L. Waterers, Director.

Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the National Collection of Fine
Arts

Sirs: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1958.

SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION

The 35th annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was
held in the Regents Room of the Smithsonian Building on Wednes-
day, December 4, 1957. Members present were Paul Manship, chair-
man; Robert Woods Bliss, vice chairman; Leonard Carmichael, sec-
retary; Gilmore D. Clarke, David E. Finley, Lloyd Goodrich, Walker
Hancock, Bartlett Hayes, Charles Sawyer, Stow Wengenroth, and
Archibald G. Wenley. Thomas M. Beggs, Director, National Col-
lection of Fine Arts, was also present.

A resolution on the death of Mahonri M. Young, a member of the
Commission since 1933 to the time of his death November 2, 1957,
was submitted and unanimously adopted.

Dr. Finley, chairman of the executive committee, reported that
this committee had met on October 30, 1957. The executive commit-
tee, acting as a nominating committee, recommended the following
actions, which were accepted by the Commission for recommendation
to the Board of Regents:

Reappointment of Robert Woods Bliss and George Hewitt Myers
for the usual 4-year period.

Election to the Commission of Henry P. MclIlhenny, to fill the
vacancy caused by the resignation of John Nicholas Brown, and of
Ogden Pleissner, to fill that caused by the death of Mahonri M.
Young.

Reelection of officers: Paul Manship, chairman; Robert Woods
Bliss, vice chairman ; and Leonard Carmichael, secretary.

Election of the executive committee: David EK. Finley, chairman;
Robert Woods Bliss, Archibald G. Wenley, and Gilmore D. Clarke,
with Leonard Carmichael and Paul Manship, ex officio.

Congressional bills and their effect upon the National Collection
of Fine Arts and priorities in the Smithsonian building program
were discussed.

95

96 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Discussion of the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service, its
activities and relations with other similar services, concluded with
a resolution commending the Chief of the Service, Mrs. John A. Pope,
and her assistants for their fine work, noting especially the steady im-
provement in the scope and quality of the Traveling Exhibition Serv-
ice since its establishment 6 years ago.

The Commission recommended acceptance of the following objects:

Bronze, John Quincy Adams Ward (1830-1910), by Charles H. Niehaus (1855—
1935). Gift of the National Sculpture Society, New York City.

Two oils, Fifth Lake, by Edgar Payne (1881-1947), and Heavy Sea, by Paul
Dougherty, N. A. (1877-1947). Henry Ward Ranger Bequest.

Oil on wood, James Rumsey (1748-1792), by Benjamin West (1738-1820).
Received from George A. Rumsey as a gift from Hugene A. Rumsey and brothers.

Watercolor on ivory, William Bass, by undetermined artist. Gift of Mr. and
Mrs. Arthur P. Drury.

Wood paneling of Gothic library from “Miramar,” Newport, R.1I. Gift of Mrs.
Alexander Hamilton Rice.

Wood paneling of an 18th-century French Renaissance drawingroom from
“Miramar,” Newport, R. I. Gift of George D. Widener and Hleanor Widener

Dixon.
THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND

Two miniatures, watercolor on ivory, were acquired from the fund
established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer
as follows:

112. William Parsons, 2d, of Gloucester, Massachusetts, by Washington
Blanchard (ac. 1881-43 in Boston), from A. C. Walling, Brookline, Mass.

118. Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785-1851), by John Wood Dodge (1807-1893),
from the Estate of Ettie W. Noah Wilson, Washington, D. C.

WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS

Two oils, Scene with Ruins (Tomb of Metellus, thought at the time
of Richard Wilson to have been the Villa of Maecenas), said to have
been by Richard Wilson (1714-1782), and Frances, Countess of Clare-
mont, said to have been by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), lent
February 23, 1931, by the Estate of Henry Cleveland Perkins, were
withdrawn February 24, 1958, by Robert R. Wallach, heir.

LOANS RETURNED TO THE SMITHSONIAN

Oil, Self Portrait, by George P. A. Healy, lent March 13, 1957, to
the Corcoran Gallery of Art for an exhibition “Presidential Por-
traits” was returned September 6, 1957.

Two oils, President John Tyler, by George P. A. Healy, lent Janu-
ary 25, 1957, to the Bureau of the Budget, and Beach of Bass Rocks,
Gloucester, Mass., by Frank Knox Morton Rehn, lent April 26, 1957,

SECRETARY’S REPORT 97

to the Federal Communications Commission, were returned October
25, 1957.

Oil, The Sea, by Edward Moran, lent April 23, 1953, to the De-
partment of State was returned November 6, 1957.

Four oils, Rustic Dance, in the manner of Jean Antoine Watteau,
lent June 11, 1953, to the United States Court of Military Appeals,
and Moonrise, by Ralph Albert Blakelock, September Afternoon, by
George Inness, and Lago Maggiore, by William Stanley Haseltine,
lent February 9, 1954, to the Department of State, were returned
November 22, 1957.

Oil, Dr. George Washington Carver, by Betsy Graves Reyneau,
lent October 4, 1955, to the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, was returned December 5, 1957.

Two oils, Captain John Ericsson, by Arvid Nyholm, lent May 16,
1957, to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia,
and Sunset, Navarro Ridge, California Coast, by Ralph Albert Blake-
lock, lent February 9, 1954, to the Department of State, were returned
December 12, 1957.

An oil, Temple Mountain, by Chauncey Ryder, lent March 15, 1955,
and a plaster bas relief, Charles Evans Hughes, by Harry L. Raul,
lent January 24, 1956, to the Department of Justice, were returned
February 3, 1958.

Three oils, Niagara, by George Inness, The Torrent, by John Henry
Twachtman, and Autumn at Arkville, by Alexander H. Wyant, lent
March 14, 1957, to the Department of State were returned March
5, 1958.

Oil, Figure Group, by O. Lear, and wood engraving, Rockwell
Studio, by Macowin Tuttle, together with two paintings from the
Lending Collection lent October 4, 1955, to the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, were returned March 13, 1958.

Two oils, Male Wood Duck in a Forest Pool and Male Wood Duck,
by Abbott H. Thayer, lent June 20, 1956, and June 26, 1956, respec-
tively, to the Interstate Commerce Commission, were returned May 2,
1958.

Two oils, Major General Henry T. Allen and Major General Rob-
ert Lee Bullard, by Seymour M. Stone, lent May 28, 1952, to the
Department of Defense, were returned June 3, 1958.

Oil, Furbelows, by Albert Sterner, lent April 26, 1957, to the Fed-
eral Communications Commission, was recalled June 20, 1958.

Oil, Evening Tide, California, by William Ritschel, lent February
6, 1957, to the United States Court of Military Appeals, was recalled
June 26, 1958.

98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

ART WORKS LENT

The following art works, 011 paintings on canvas unless otherwise
noted, were lent for varying periods:

To Blair House, Washington, D. C.:
November 22; 1957________-. Moonrise, by Ralph Albert Blakelock. (Re-

turned March 18, 1958.)

Lago Maggiore, by William Stanley Haseltine.
(Returned March 18, 1958. )

September Afternoon, by George Inness. (Re-
turned March 18, 1958.)

Rustic Dance, in the manner of Jean Antoine

Watteau.
To the Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.:
September 26, 1957_________ The Right Honorable Winston Churchill, by
Hal Denton.
October 25, 1957_-- 2 = Soldat de Crimée, by Harriet Blackstone.

To Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., for an exhibition, ‘American Classics
of the 19th Century,” October 17 through December 1, 1957, afterward to be
circulated by the Museum Hxhibitions Association through July 15, 1958:

September 25, 1957_________ At Nature’s Mirror, by Ralph Albert Blakelock.
(Returned December 16, 1957.)
Moonlight, by Albert P. Ryder.
High Cliff, Coast of Maine, by Winslow Homer.
(Courtesy of The National Gallery of Art.)

'To the Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.:
October 28 Os (jes ase. Woodrow Wilson, by John C. Johansen. (Re-
turned November 12, 1957.)

To the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington,
DEOs:
December 12, 1957_________. Mrs. John Brooks Henderson, by Jean Joseph
Benjamin-Constant.
A Neopolitan Lady, by Cesare Biseo (water-
color).
Landscape, by DeLancey Gill (watercolor).
Roosevelt Haunts, Harly Autumn, by Hmile
Walters.
Unknown Lady, by Pierre Bouret (bronze bust).
Fox Terrier and Rat, by Hdward Kemeys (poly-
chromed plaster).
January 28, 1958___________ Figure of a Moor, by Ascenzi (watercolor).
The Mirror, by Robert Reid, N. A.
The Walk to Gethsemane, by Johannes A. Oertel.

To the Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D. C.:

March 28195 Sun The Sea, by Edward Moran.

To the Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.:
ATA Oy Semel ens dew September Afternoon, by George Inness.
April: 29) 1958 uae is eh Temple Mountain, by Chauncey F. Ryder.

Mayas O08: eae ok Ween toes October Breezes, by Albert Pike Lucas.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 99

To the Meltzer Gallery, New York City (for color reproduction; prints to be
used overseas by United States Information Agency) :
November 4, 1957______-__-. Man in White, by Cecilia Beaux. (Returned
February 25, 1958.)
To the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, D. C.:
September 18, 1957__---_- Under Western Skies, by Carl Oscar Borg
(etching).
On the Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona, by Carl
Osear Borg (etching).
Back Door, by Charles W. Dahlgreen

(etching).

Western Pines, by Charles W. Dahlgreen
(etching).

U. S. Capitol Dome, by Frances Farrand Dodge
(etching).

Glacier National Park, View of Lake Josephine,
by Eugenie Fish Glaman (etching).
November 7%, 1957____--__- Depths of the Woods, by Lillian M. Genth.
(Returned December 6, 1957.)
The Bathers, by Robert Reid, N. A.
: Round Hill Road, by John Henry Twachtman.
November 27, 1957______--_ Ciree, by Frederick Stuart Church.
A Breton Sunday, by Hugene Vail.
Bell Foundry, Germany, by Walter Shirlaw.
Street Shrine, by Jerome Myers.
Song of the Sea, by William F. Halsall.
To the United States Court of Military Appeals, Washington, D. C.:

January 30, 1958_________ The Flume, Opalescent River, Adirondacks, by
Alexander Wyant.
June 26, 1958__.___________ Evening After a Shower, by Carleton Wiggins.

To Princeton University, Princeton, N. J., to be hung in the Joseph Henry
House:

September 27, 1957________ Joseph Henry, by Christian Schussele.
To the House of Representatives, Honorable Richard B. Wigglesworth:
November 6, 1957__-_____ Beach of Bass Rocks, Gloucester, Mass., by

Frank Knox Morton Rehn, N. A.
To the Department of State, Washington, D. C.:
February 6, 1958__________ Canal in Venice, San Trovaso Quarter, by
Robert F. Blum.
The Continentals, by Frank Blackwell Mayer.
To the District of Columbia Tax Court, Washington, D. C.:

December 6, 1957__------- Depths of the Woods, by Lillian M. Genth.
To the United States National Museum, Division of Military History, Wash-
ington, D. C.:
May 26, 1958______-___--- German armor, in part 17th century, in part
reproduction :
1 complete suit.
1 shield.

2 helmets; a burgonet, and a cabasset.
2 swords, one with scabbard.
2 halberds.

100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

To the office of Vice President of the United States:

December 30, 1957_-----_-- Sunset, Navarro Ridge, California Coast, by
Ralph A. Blakelock. (Returned March 138,
1958.)
Fifth Lake, by Hdgar Payne.
February 4, 1958________- In the Plateau Country, by William Henry

Holmes (watercolor).
Shin-Au-Ay-Tu-Weap, God Land, Canyon of the
Colorado, Utah, by Thomas Moran (water-
color). (Returned June 13, 1958.)
To the Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital, Washington, D. C.:
Junec2: TOSS wes aw ee Chester Arthur, by Lot Flannery (plaster
bust). (Returned June 138, 1958.)
To The White House, Washington, D. C.:

July Oe 105 (eee Hmergence, by Andrey Avinoff (watercolor).
A Neopolitan Lady, by Cesare’ Biseo
(watercolor).

A Yellowstone Geyser, by Richard N. Brooke
(wash drawing).

Landscape, by DeLancey Gill (watercolor).

In Monument Park, Colorado, by Walter Paris
(watercolor).

Landseape Sketch, by Walter Shirlaw (water-
eolor and pencil).

Roosevelt Haunts, Harly Autumn, by Hmile
Walters.

(All returned October 3, 1957.)

September 12, 1957_____- Man in White, by Cecilia Beaux. (Recalled from
White House October 25, 1957, and lent to
United States Information Agency for repro-
duction. Returned to White House Febru-
ary 28, 1958.)

January 20, 1958________ Heavy Sea, by Paul Dougherty.
Marchi 5: sal OiS8s22 eae Landscape Sketch, by J. Frank Currier
(watercolor).
Sketch on the Potomac, by Lorenzo James Hatch
(watercolor).

Spring Brook, Rock Creek Park, by Macowin
Tuttle (wood engraving).

Snowbound, by Macowin Tuttle (wood
engraving).

Captain John Ericsson, by Arvid Nyholm.

A Tree Study, by Ross Sterling Turner
(watercolor).

Aurora Australis, by Frank W. Stokes.

SMITHSONIAN LENDING COLLECTION

On August 5, 1957, 29 paintings by Alice Pike Barney and 5 by other
artists were received from Dayton Art Institute to which they had
been lent. On December 6, 1957, a pastel portrait of Head of a Negro
Boy, received from Col. James Perrine Barney, was added to the
Lending Collection.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 101

A watercolor, Street in the Pueblo of Zuni, New Mexico, by De-
Lancey Gill, lent August 7, 1956, to the Bureau of the Budget, was re-
turned October 25, 1957.

Two oils by Edwin Scott, The Seine at Paris, lent May 24, 1956,
and Ships at Anchor, Cherbourg, No. 1, lent February 18, 1953, to the
United States District Court for the District of Columbia, were re-
turned January 28, 1958.

An oil, St. Germaine des Pres No. 1, by Edwin Scott, and a water-
color, Musketeer on Guard, by A. Arrunutegin, lent October 4, 1955,
to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, were returned
March 13, 1958.

The following paintings were lent for varying periods:

To The White House, Washington, D. C.:
September 12, 1957______ Venice, by J. Hopkinson Smith (watercolor).

Three Dogs, by John Morris.
To the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.:

September 20, 1957______ Porte St. Martin et Enterrement, by Edwin Scott.
Ship at Anchor, Cherbourg, No. 1, by Hdwin
Scott.

(Both returned September 26, 1957.)
To the Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.:
September 26, 1957______ The Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, by Sidney L.
Smith (etching).
To the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia, Washington, D. C.:

November 27, 1957_______ Onteora, by Alice Pike Barney (pastel).
In Southern France, by Alice Pike Barney
(pastel).

Vielles Maisons (Paris), by Hdwin Scott.
To Colonel James Perrine Barney, Princeton, N. J.:

December 9, 1957________ Head of a Negro Boy, by Alice Pike Barney
(pastel).
To the Department of State, Washington, D. C.:
Vanuvenye2 95 Save Mirza Abul Fazl, by Alice Pike Barney (pastel).

To the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Washington,
D. C.:

January 28, 1958_________ Laura in Arabian Costume, by Alice Pike Barney
(pastel).
To the Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D. C.:
October 25, 1957_________ Street in the Pueblo of Zuni, New Mexico, by
DeLancey Gill (watercolor).
UNE ZO OH Seas as Musketeer on Guard, by A. Arrunutegin (water-
color).

ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND
Additions to the principle during the year amounting to $1,275.01
have increased the total invested sums in this fund to $38,365.53.
THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND

No. 186, Quince Street, by W. Emerton Heitland (1893- ),
watercolor, purchased by the Council of the National Academy of

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

102

Design April 4, 1955, was assigned by the Academy to Columbus
Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, Ohio.

According to a provision in the Ranger bequest that paintings pur-
chased by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the
fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger Bequest, and assigned
to American art institutions, may be claimed during the 5-year period
beginning 10 years after the death of the artist represented, the fol-
lowing two paintings were recalled for action of the Smithsonian Art

Commission at its meeting December 4, 1957.

No. 70. Fifth Lake, by Edgar Payne (1881-1947), assigned to the James Lee
Memorial Academy of Arts (now the Memphis Academy of Arts), Memphis,
Tenn., in 1929, was accepted to become a permanent accession.

No. 110. Heavy Sea, by Paul Dougherty, N. A., (1877-1947), assigned to the
William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Kansas City, Mo., in 1988, was accepted

to become a permanent accession.

The following paintings, purchased by the Council of the Na-
tional Academy of Design since the last report, have been assigned

as follows:

Title and Artist
Midnight Procession, by Paul W.
Zimmerman (1921- ).
Tranquil Dignity, by Robert Bid-
ner (1930- ).
Cadiz at Dusk,
(1922— ).
Self Portrait, by Gerald Mofchum
(1926— ).
Houses Hastside (watercolor), by
Hd Graves (1917- ).
Ebbtide (watercolor), by Lenard
Kester (1917-— ).
Circus Friends (watercolor), by
A. Henry Nordhausen (1901— ).
. That Lonesome Road _ (water-
color), by Roy M. Mason
(1886-—_).

. Foundation (watercolor), by Carl
R. Kinscherf (1919- ).

. Portrait of an Old Man, by Sidney
E. Dickinson (1890- ).

. Between Shifts (watercolor), by
Peter Paul Dubaniewicz
(1918- ).

Gay Head (watercolor), by Amy
Jones (1899— ).

Peace Memorial, Hiroshima (wa-
tercolor), by Mario Cooper
(1905-_).

188.
189.
190. by Dean Hillis
191.
192.
193.

194.

199.

200.

Assignment
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Tex.

Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center,
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Oakland Art Museum, Oakland, Calif.

Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore,
Md.
(Not yet assigned. )

(Not yet assigned.)

Penn State University, University Park,
Pa.

Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas,
Tex.

Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Mass.

New Britain Institute Art Museum,
New Britain, Conn.

Butler Institute of American Art,
Youngstown, Ohio.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 103

Title and Artist Assignment
201. Freeway (watercolor), by Rich- California Palace of the Legion of
mond I. Kelsey (1905- ). Honor, San Francisco, Calif.
202. Paisaje Espanol, # 2, Fort Worth Art Center, Fort Worth,
by Paul Sample (1896-__). Tex.
203. Springtime in Paris, Lyman Allyn Museum, New London,
by Irving Nurick (1900- ). Conn.
204. Coastal Landscape, Butler Institute of American Art,
by Edward Betts (1920- ). Youngstown, Ohio.
205. Benares on the Ganges, (Not yet assigned.)

by Maurice Sterne, N. A.
(1877-1957).

206. Sea and Wharf at Provincetown, (Not yet assigned.)
by Eric Isenburger (1902- ).

207. Nets, by George Harding Crocker Art Gallery, Sacramento,
(1882- ). Calif.

208. North Shore Shipyard, Staten Island Institute of Arts and
by Cleade Enders (1925-— ). Sciences, New York City.

209. Everyday is Washday (water- (Not yet assigned.)
color), by Frederic Whitaker
(1891-— ).

210. Philadelphia (watercolor), by (Not yet assigned.)
by Hugh Gumpel (1926— _ ).

211. The Horseless Carriage The Newark Museum, Newark, N. J.
(watercolor), by John W.
McCoy, II (1910- ).

SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE

Ninety-six exhibitions were circulated and shown in 264 museums
and galleries during the past season, 95 in the United States and 1
abroad, as follows:

UNITED STATES

Paintings and Drawings

Title Source
American Primitive Paint- Dr. Otto Kallir of the Galerie St. Etienne, New
ings. York; artists, galleries, museums, and private
collections.
California Painting__________ Municipal Art Center, Long Beach.

Canadian Abstract Paintings. National Gallery of Canada ; Embassy of Canada.
Paintings by Sir Winston Artist; Hallmark Cards, Inc. ; British Embassy.
Churchill.
Paintings by Jan Cox________ Belgian Government; private collectors; Boston
Museum of Fine Arts.
Dutch Art 1945-1955 (includ- Dr. W. Sandberg, Stedelijk Museum; EH. L. de
ing sculpture). Wilde, Van Abbe Museum; A. M. Hammacher,
Kroller-Muller State Museum; Embassy of the
Netherlands.
A Frenchman in America, Museum of Le Havre; American Embassy in
Charles-Alexandre Lesueur. Paris.

479801—58—_—_8

104 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Paintings and Drawings—Continued

Title Source
Indian Paintings from Raja- Sri Gopi Krishna Kanoria; Arts Council of Great
sthan. Britain; W. G. Archer, Victoria and Albert
Museum.
Kokoschka’s Magic Flute_____ Minneapolis Institute of Arts; artist; Hmbassy
of Austria.

Mexican Work by Cock van Cock van Gent; Catherwood Foundation.
Gent.
A. J. Miller Watercolors______ Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Md.
Second Pacific Coast Biennial. Santa Barbara Museum of Art; artists, dealers,
ana private collectors.

Plant Portraitses eee University of Colorado Museum, Boulder.
Seallslan dss. eos ee eee Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
Paintings by Tessai__________ Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai; National Museum of

Modern Art, Tokyo; Kioshi Kojin Temple in
Takarazuka; Rev. Bishop Kojo Sakamoto.
Watercolor Today___________ Toledo Museum of Art; dealers, artists.

Graphic Arts

The American City in the 19th Prints and Photographs Division of the Li-

Century. brary of Congress.
American Printmakers_______ University of Illinois, Urbana; artists.
Recent American Prints_____ University of Illinois, Urbana; Lee Chesney;
artists.
George Bellows Prints and National Gallery of Art; Boston Public Li-
Drawings. brary; Library of Congress; Fogg Art
Museum of Harvard University.
A Century of City Views_.__ Royal Library of Stockholm; HEmbassy of
Sweden.
Harly Prints and Drawings of Robert B. Honeyman, Jr.; Los Angeles County
California. Museum.
Contemporary German Prints. National Gallery of Art.
Japanese Fish Prints________ Dr. Yoshio Hiyama; Kokusai Bunka Shinko-

kai; Japanese Embassy; American Museum
of Natural History.

Japanese Woodblock Prints____ Un’ichi Hiratsuka; American Hmbassy in
Tokyo; artists.
Japanese Woodcuts I_________ United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization; Japanese National
Japanese Woodcuts II________ eae vara . i
Commission.
Theatrical Posters of the Gay Prints and Photographs Division of the Library
Nineties. of Congress.
Birds by Emerson Tuttle______ Yale University ; Mrs. Tuttle.
Architecture

100 Years of American Archi- American Institute of Architects; Immaculate

tecture. Heart College in Los Angeles; architects.
A Half Century of Architec- School of Architecture, Georgia Institute of
tural Education. Technology.

Architectural Photography II__ American Institute of Architects; Architec-
tural Photographers Association; George
EKastman House.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 105

Architecture—Continued

Title Source
Contemporary Danish Archi- Prof. Kay Wisker, Royal Academy of Copen-
tecture. hagen; Hmbassy of Denmark.
Contemporary Finnish Archi- Finnish American Society; Association of
tecture. Finnish Architects; Embassy of Finland.
German Architecture Today___ Bund Deutscher Architekten ; German
Hmbassy.

Landscape Architecture Today_ California Redwood Association.
A Century of New England Norman C. Fletcher, architect; New England
Architecture. State and Regional Chapters of American
Institute of Architects.
Contemporary Portuguese Ar- Portuguese National Secretariat for Informa-
chitecture. tion and the National Syndicate of Archi-
tects; Embassy of Portugal.
San Francisco Bay Region California Redwood Association; Northern

Architecture. California Chapter, American Institute of
Architects.
Venetian Villas I_____________ Soprintendenza ai Monumenti Medievali e
Venetian Villas IJ____-___-_-- Moderni, Venice; Hmbassy of Italy.
Design
American Craftsmen, 1957... Robert von Neumann, University of Illinois,

Urbana; artists.
Contemporary American Corning Museum of Glass.

Glass.
American Jewelry and Re- Rochester Memorial Art Gallery, Rochester,
lated Objects II. N. Y.; artists ; Hickok Company.
Recent Work by Harry Ber- Knoll Associates; artist.
toia.
National Ceramic Exhibition, Ceramic League of Miami; Lowe Art Gallery
Sixth Miami Annual. of the University of Miami; designers.
Design in Holland (formerly Department of Hducation, Art and Science in
Dutch Arts and Crafts). The Hague; Netherlands Embassy.
European Glass Design______ Georg Jensen, Ine., New York; designers.
Two Finnish Craftsmen Waertsila-Arabia and other Finnish Manufac-
(formerly Finnish Crafts). turers; Finnish-American Society, Helsinki;
Finnish Embassy; artists.
Fulbright Designers________- Institute of International Hducation; Museum
of Contemporary Crafts in New York; Edgar
J. Kaufmann, Jr.; designers.
Italian Arts and Crafts______ Compagnia Nazionale Artigiana, Rome; Italian
Embassy.
Midwest Designer-Craftsmen_ Art Institute of Chicago; artists.
Nylon Rug Designs__________ Dorothy Liebes; duPont Company; designers.
Religious Banners___________ Teachers and students of Immaculate Heart

College, Los Angeles.

Twelve Scandinavian De- Georg Jensen, Inc., New York; designers.

signers.
Swedish Textiles Today______ Royal Swedish Embassy; Foreign Office, the

tet Baltes 1) a Uae Society of Industrial Design; four leading
manufacturers in Sweden; Mrs. Susanne
Wasson-Tucker ; designers.
Good Design in Switzerland__ Schweizer Werkbund; Embassy of Switzerland.

Beside gs ot ote A TAL Capi Ate Ore ie RAT cata neers we an

106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Books
Title Source
The Austrian Book _________- Austrian Hmbassy; publishers.
German Art Books_______-__ Association of German Booksellers; German
Hmbassy.
Art Books from Italy____--__ Cultural Division of the Italian Embassy;
publishers.
Sixty Swedish Books_______~_ Dr. Uno Willers, Royal Library of Stockholm ;

Embassy of Sweden.

A World of Children’s Books__ Washington Post and Times Herald Book Fair;
Embassies.

Books for Young Scientists_.__ Washington Post and Times Herald 1957
Children’s Book Fair; Drs. Kerlan and Black-
wood; publishers.

Oriental Art

Burmese Hmbroideries________ James H. W. Thompson; Embassy of Burma.
The Way of Chinese Landscape Dr. Fritz van Briessen.
Painting.

Chinese Ivories from the Col- Sir Vietor Sassoon.
lection of Sir Victor Sassoon.

Japanese Dolls_______________ Japan Society, Inc.

Six Japanese Painters________ Dr. Chisaburoh Yamada; National Museum of
Modern Art in Tokyo; artists.

Paintings by Jamini Roy______ Jamini Roy.

Thaiseainitin esas ae ees Sa James H. W. Thompson.
Folk Art

Harly American Woodcarving_ Index of American Design, National Gallery

of Art.

Punchvand Judy ee Index of American Design, National Gallery
of Art.

Swiss Peasant Art____________ R. Hanhart, Director, Museum, St. Gall; Pro
Helvetia Foundation; Hmbassy of Switzer-
land.

Photography

The Anatomy of Nature_______ Andreas Feininger; American Museum of Nat-
ural History.

Photographs of Angkor Wat___ Loke Wan Tho; Right Honorable Malcolm
MacDonald, High Commissioner for India.

Image of America____________ Library of Congress.

Japan I by Werner Bischof____ Magnum Photos, Inc.

Japan II by Werner Bischof__ Magnum Photos, Inc.

Rercep tions je sade aa ee Mrs. Dody Warren Weston and Donald Ross;
San Francisco Museum of Art; photog-
raphers.

Pup, Cub, and Kitten_________ American Museum of Natural History; Wil-
liam Vandivert.

Photographs of Sarawak______ Raffles Museum; Professor Gibson-Hill; Hedda
Morrison; USIS.

Glimpses of Switzerland_______ Pro Helvetia Foundation ; Embassy of Switzer-

land.

SECRETARY’S REPORT

107

Photography—Continued

Title
The World of Edward Weston_

This is the American Harth____

Young Germans Behind the
Camera.

Carl Bodmer Paints the Indian
Frontier.
Swedish Rock Carvings_______

Source

Beaumont and Nancy Newhall; National Park
Service; California Academy of Sciences;
Sierra Club.

Ansel Adams; Nancy Newhall; artists; George
Hastman House.

Dr. L. Fritz Gruber,
German Hmbassy.

“Photokina,” Cologne;

Anthropology

Karl Viktor, Prinz zu Wied; German HEm-
bassy.

Dr. Per Nystrom, Governor of the Province of
Goteberg and Bohus; Embassy of Sweden.

Children’s Hahibitions

Argentine Children as Illustra-
tors.

Art in Opera I—Tosca_____--

Art in Opera II—Carmen-_-_-___

As I See Myself______________

Children’s Paintings from 45
Countries.

The Four Seasons____________

Children’s from
Japan.

Children’s Paintings from Mo-
rocco.

Paintings

Editorial Guillermo Kraft Ltd., Buenos Aires;
Argentine Embassy.

Metropolitan Opera Guild.

Metropolitan Opera Guild.

Junior Arts and Activities; Galerie St. Etienne.

Embassy of Denmark; Friendship Among
Children and Youth Organizations.

Arts and Activities Magazine; Galerie St.
Htienne.
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and

Cultural Organization.

Division of Youth and Sports of Ministry of
Public Instruction, Rabat; HWmbassy of
Morocco.

Exhibitions Circulated Abroad

American Folk Art.

INFORMATION SERVICE AND STAFF ACTIVITIES

In addition to the many requests for information received by mail

and telephone, inquiries made in person at the office numbered 1,944.
Examination was made of 158 works of art submitted for identifi-
cation.

Effective July 1, 1957, the Pell Collection and other miscelianeous
ceramics were transferred to the United States National Museum
collections to form the division of ceramics and glass of the newly
established Museum of History and Technology, and the curator of
ceramics, formerly under the National Collection of Fine Arts, was
made acting curator of the division.

Special catalogs were published for the following 10 exhibitions:
Sculpture by Paul Manship, a Retrospective Exhibition, with an ap-

108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

preciation by Mr. Beggs, illustrated; Recent American Prints; A
Century of City Views; Cock van Gent; 2d Pacific Coast Biennial;
Contemporary Portuguese Architecture; Fulbright Designers; In-
dian Paintings from Rajasthan; Swedish Textiles Today; and Nylon
Rug Designs. Mrs. Annemarie H. Pope, chief of the Smithsonian
Traveling Exhibition Service, wrote special acknowledgments for
the last two and a foreword for Indian Paintings from Rajasthan;
acknowledgments for the Fulbright Designers were written by Mrs.
Jo Ann Sukel Lewis, research assistant.

Mr. Beggs gave a talk on Regionalism in American Art to the Art
League of Manatee County, Fla.; spoke on Paintings of the Passion
of Christ at the Rock Springs Congregational Church, Arlington,
Va.; and gave a talk on Private Collections Publicly Maintained to
the Arts Club of Washington. He served on the juries of two local
shows.

Mrs. Pope departed June 18 for Europe to see the exhibits of the
United States and other countries at the Brussels International Fair
and to visit England, Holland, France, Italy, Greece, and Switzerland
to study new exhibitions and make selections of some for circulation
here.

Rowland Lyon served as juror for eight local shows.

Thirty-three paintings in oil on canvas from the permanent col-
lections were cleaned and revarnished, 2 were relined, and 48 picture
frames were repaired and refinished. One plaster cast and one bronze
statue were cleaned and refinished. One painting by George Catlin
was relined to repair a 22-inch tear in the canvas, for the United States
National Museum.

The 18-foot ceiling decoration, “Dawn,” by Thomas W. Dewing, in
the Gellatly Collection, was renovated by Henri G. Courtais and in-
stalled in a specially constructed pavilion. In addition, Mr. Courtais
restored “Aurora Borealis,” by Frederick E. Church, “Madonna and
Child with Apple,” by an Old Flemish Master, and made minor re-
pairs to “Entombment,” by Rogier van der Weyden.

Glenn J. Martin cleaned and removed old repaint on 11 paintings
recently acquired.

Twenty oil portraits of World War II leaders by John C. Johansen
and pastel drawings of the Civil War Veterans by Walter Beck have
been removed from the second floor gallery and are to be installed at
the south end of the foyer together with the miniature portraits in
specially lighted cases.

_ The oil portrait of President John Tyler, by G. P. A. Healy. was
copied by C. Gregory Stapko in November 1957.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 109

SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS

Thirteen special exhibitions were held during the year:

July 11 through July 31, 1957.—Recent Works by Cock van Gent, sponsored by
the Catherwood Foundation and circulated by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibi-
tion Service, consisting of 20 oils, 10 watercolors, and 20 drawings. A catalog
was privately printed.

August 27 through September 27, 1957.—The Sixth International Exhibition
of Ceramic Art under the auspices of the Kiln Club of Washington, D. C., con-
sisting of 223 pieces (140 by local artists, 49 by invited American artists, and 34
lent by various Washington embassies and legations as representative of national
artists of 10 countries). Craft demonstrations were given. A catalog was
privately printed.

October 20 through November 11, 1957.—The Twentieth Metropolitan State
Art Contest, held under the auspices of the D. C. Chapter, American Artists
Professional League, consisting of 278 paintings, sculpture, prints, ceramics,
and metalerafts. A catalog was privately printed.

November 20 through December 15, 1957.—The Sixty-Fifth Annual Exhibition
of the Society of Washington Artists, consisting of 82 paintings and 13 sculptures.
A catalog was privately printed.

January 26 through February 16, 1958.—The Twenty-second Exhibition of the
Society of Washington Printmakers, consisting of 198 works in the graphic media.
A catalog was privately printed.

February 23 through March 16, 1958.—A Retrospective Exhibition of Sculptures
by Paul Manship, consisting of 117 items. An illustrated catalog was printed.

March 238 through April 18, 1958 —The Biennial Art Exhibition of the National
League of American Pen Women, consisting of 202 paintings, sculpture, prints,
ceramics, textiles, jewelry, and other craftswork. A catalog was privately
printed.

April 19 through May 11, 1958.—Swedish Textiles Today, sponsored by the
Ambassador of Sweden and Madame Boheman and circulated by the Smith-
sonian Traveling Exhibition Service, consisting of 1138 textiles with additional
display items including glass, silver, chairs, and stools. A catalog was privately
printed.

April 26 through May 18, 1958.—Uxhibition of Paintings by Sir Winston
Churchill, consisting of 35 paintings being circulated by the Smithsonian Trav-
eling Exhibition Service and a portrait of Churchill by Lamar lent by the British
Embassy. President Hisenhower previewed this exhibition on April 24,1958. A
catalog was privately printed.

May 25 through June 18, 1958.—The Gist Annual National Exhibition of the
Washington Watercolor Club, consisting of 109 watercolors, etchings, and draw-
ings. A catalog was privately printed.

May 25 through June 13, 1958.—The Twenty-fifth Annual Hxhibition of the
Miniature Painters, Sculptors, and Gravers Society of Washington, D. ©., con-
sisting of 172 examples. A catalog was privately printed.

June 20 through July 13, 1958.—The Seventh Interservice Photography Contest,
consisting of 89 photographs by members of the Armed Forces.

Respectfully submitted.
Tuomas M. Braces, Dzrector.

Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Freer Gallery of Art

Sir: I have the honor to submit the 38th annual report on the Freer
Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1958.

THE COLLECTIONS

Fourteen objects were added to the collections by purchase as

follows:
BRONZE

57.22. Chinese, Late Chou dynasty (ca. 5th century B. C.). Ceremonial vessel
of the type hu; decorated with casting in relief in six main horizontal
zones; tiger-form handles. 0.446 x 0.266.

GLASS

57.19. Egyptian, 14th century (ca. A. D. 1860). Mosque lamp decorated with
colored enamels and traces of gilding; inscription names the Madrasa
of Sultan al-Nasir Hasan b. Muhammad (Cairo) for which it was made.
0.336 x 0.305 (Illustrated.)

IVORY

57.25. Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 960-1279). Standing figure of a Buddha
with small Buddha on a lotus, and a dragon at the feet; inscription of
16 characters includes date, A. D. 1025. 0.457 x 0.180.

JADE

58.1. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty (A. D. 1644-1912). Amber-colored agalmatolite
carved in the round to represent a phoenix among clouds and plants;
signed Chou Pin. 0.115 x 0.050 x 0.023.

MANUSCRIPT

57.16. Persian, Mongol period, Inju school (ca. A. D. 1330). First volume of
Tarjama-i Tdadrikh-i Tabari; 193 folios, end missing; 29 miniatures in
colors and gold. (The Freer Gallery has most of volume II: 30.21 and
47.19.) Average page: 0.422 x 0.287.

METALWORK

57.20. Persian, SaSanian period, 3d century A. D. Silver bowl, semispherical,
fluted interior with gilded central medallion framing a bearded male
bust in high relief. 0.210 x 0.062.

PAINTING

57.15. Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 960-1279). ‘Three Worthies of Wu-chung,”
attributed to Li Kung-lin (late 11th-early 12th century). Handscroll
in ink and colors on silk; 4 inscriptions and 33 seals on painting, 1
inscription and 2 seals on mount. 0.443 x 1.490.

110

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 6

58.2

Recent additions to the collections of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 7

57.18

Recent addition to the collections of the Freer Gallery of Art.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 111

57.17. Japanese, Ashikaga period (A. D. 1335-1568). Landscape with birds and
flowers by Kano Motonobu (1476-1559) ; handscroll in ink on paper;
one seal on painting. 0.280 x 4.830.

POTTERY

58.2. Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644). Large flask with unglazed
back; decorated in underglaze blue; early 15th century. 0.475 x 0.418 x
0.218. (Illustrated. )

57.26. Japanese, Edo period (A. D. 1615-1868), Kutani ware. Large bottle-
shaped vase decorated with peonies and formal patterns in red, yellow,
and green overglaze enamels. 0.468 x 0.253.

57.23. Mesopotamian, Abbasid period, 9th century. Flat dish with interlacing
ribbon pattern and floral motifs in low linear relief; remains of gold
lustered lead glaze. 0.028 x 0.280.

57.24. Persian, Samanid period, 10th century. Deep bowl decorated in dark
brown, brick red, and white slip with floral patterns and kuw/fic script.
0.112 x 0.393.

57.12. Persian, Seljuq period, 12th century, Rayy. Large dish decorated with a
young horseman on an arabesque ground; gold luster. 0.075 x 0.432.

WOOD SCULPTURE

57.18. Japanese, Kamakura period (A. D. 1186-1334). Figure of Bishamon-ten
with the usual attributes and standing on a crouching dwarf; painted
and gilded, metal halo, glass eyes. H. 0.572 x W. (base) 0.268. (Iillus-
trated.)

Total number of accessions to date (including the above), 10,991.

REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTIONS

Fifty Chinese and Japanese objects were restored, repaired, or
remounted by T. Sugiura. In addition to this work on the ccllections,
Mr. Sugiura completed ¢‘ao for 18 Chinese books and repaired 11
books for the library.

CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS

Changes in exhibitions amounted to 1,468. This unusually large
number is accounted for by the air-conditioning of the building which
was completed in the fall of 1957, reinstallation of exhibitions, and
redecoration of exhibition galleries. ‘The changes were as follows:

American art:

Copppermplates ss Vee eC PINs Ae MRSS a PE Ee Sha eae Ley
FP ChM oe tele rey oe Nee eel pt a ie i WNL) e impel ee Ai Ok Spey ape ee 18
IU WOO egc 2 OBB SILRE So eee aN ORIN IR cI a NO ns BS aS 18
COPRY Seenrtrato aycg ls oa ET AE gg ep pa Pa 97
FAS Vel Seer a enti ee eT MEA agus re ARI: WUC NL Neen ominous weal Mae 32
Watercolors tiiotaw Ce ei ese al Be SY Lak AMAL le MRA LEA Bd alg 28
Chinese art:
OMIT Ces Hk bas eos ex Mlle 5 Sale Mii UE pact ape Cell aE eal BE TR Ve EE a 210
(Gc tec GUN eS MI Sara cae ae SS a Oe Ag a ay rE MOM ULE I hea RU 10
Jey ey A eS aS Pe Od ec i a eet RC 116

112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Chinese art—Continued

Iie Gall wi Te se as yw Pal MBS a INL A A a A 24
Penn ra GU ga Se NR NON ES INE HU eg gan SC A ae ca Ie al 90
Rot Ge my 20 cee seni La us Ne Ms ob UA UC a ee 158
Stone sculptures 3 eee AL ATONE Nei cos EU A 18
Christian art:
@ryptale eae tec is ol EUs i ce el 2
CXF Veo A NGL ae UM RO ADU NA RED 6
LE) Ke gen aS ca aa NP NNN a nD ise eeepc epee CnC Se 18
Manuscripts (220 22 MUA ing tia diy ees 18
Pair rag gis Se Ea Ns as Sh a UGE a A 8
Stomeseualpoc sess les wan ts eee a Ie sa 2
Indian art:
BBO Wg © Si CS) ERE GS I A a es 2
BANA REE aM SY 0 Sd Uae es a a ee 12
DP euinstihirn gs a tee a aN eo a 30
Stomensculo tures ses Se Oe ave UI ashe ae ca ee 8
Japanese art:
MB oy oly Ae an am tees gee NS py ae UAC By VA NS ie REA SSE) ac 2
A BEY ero hh (=) meme a RUSS EN A Ui OH UN eM USO aM em A Pal
Painting: os See WN Le NAR cgi le i eee BNE ek a en 174
Pt tery. 2) sore 0 eR eS UL TN 9 69
Wood sculpture. 2 aOR CA a LN Mt peepee 12
Korean art:
Brom eo 2! Se sh Se Si Na ORR eo ee a a eo ee 2
PO UGE yi 2 A UN a SU Pel ei ee 22) Na 36
Near Eastern art:
Book bin dings 2 2 os 0) Pee cata Uae Oia OOo 10
Crystals o Ws PND a TSO IO neces 2
Graig es a ES ii BS STS et ae ee 8
Manuscripts-_-____ Bey SANS ch AR Nn RN 2) Anat EP CNA 16
Metalwork soi sii Sy UN eile ies SS MAA oD LO GS 40
Paintings: 2) Soe aie i ERIN SN ENANDUN es | iE A 85
Pottery 2:2 a See a SU Os ea AU OR 40
Stomes seul pC vite Le W we ie ee ee GaSe Cp ie as CT IC ce a 2
Tibetan art:
Paha Giri gg 0 hte Wee NS A RIOR A SRS 4
LIBRARY

The prime requirement of the library is service from and through
books. It is well known that what has once been published is often
forgotten and the rediscovery in the library may be a more difficult
process than the first discovery. All the modern refinements of cata-
loging and the invention of the fabulous fact-finding push-button ma-
chines are directed toward making rediscovery easy, but in the last
analysis the ultimate dependence is still upon human brains and skills.

The expanding program of work and the many new projects being
initiated find some of the subjects inadequately covered by the litera-
ture in the Gallery library. Other libraries owning the required ma-
terial have been most generous in furnishing it through interlibrary
loan.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 113

The 878 publications acquired during the year included purchases,
gifts, and those sent in exchange for Freer publications. Unfortu-
nately, the prices of books and periodicals continue to increase, and a
good many institutions and societies that formerly sent their journals
freely, in exchange or gratis, now find it necessary to charge for them
in order to assure continuity of publication.

Outstanding among the purchases last year were: Japan Biographi-
cal Encyclopedia & Who’s Who, compiled by the Japan Biographical
Research Department, 1958, which is the first good Japanese biogra-
phy in English since Papinot did his Historical and Geographical
Dictionary in 1909; Gunsho ruisho [Shin ko], a collectanea of miscel-
laneous writing, compiled by Kawamata Kydichi, Tokyo, 1931-387, 24
volumes with 3 suppiements and index in 105 volumes; Huei-ch‘ti-lai,
a makimono painting illustrating T‘ao Ch‘ien’s “Homecoming Ode.”
This is a copy of a part of the Freer painting 19.179, which is attrib-
uted to Li Kung-lin. Professor Sirén’s notes and comments on the
paintings are attached to the scroll. The Yunkang, the Buddhist
Caves . . . , which began publication in 1951, was completed with 16
volumes in 36 folio volumes.

The year’s record of cataloging included a total of 1,879 entries of
which 714 analytics were made, 451 titles of books and pamphlets were
cataloged, and 48 titles were recataloged and reclassified. Once more
the specialized nature of the library and its unique importance for the
study of Oriental art are emphasized by the fact that less than 8 per-
cent of the necessary cards were available as printed cards at the
Library of Congress. This shows the original and difficult catalog-
ing required in a specialized library.

PUBLICATIONS

One publication was issued by the Freer Gallery as follows:

Ars Orienialis. The Arts of Islam and the East, vol. II. The Charles Lang
Freer Centennial Volume. 637 pp., 224 pis., and text ills. (Smithsonian
Publication 4298. Published jointly with the Department of Fine Arts,
University of Michigan. Three members of the staff contributed to this
issue. )

Papers by staff members appeared in this and in outside publica-
tions as follows:

Cahill, James F. Review of “The Arts of the 'l‘ang Dynasty.’ Catalog of an
exhibition held at the Los Angeles County Museum, 1957. In The Journal
of Asian Studies, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 142-148, November 1957.

Kttinghausen, Richard. Bibliographie der Islamischen HEinbandkunst, 1871-
1956, von Hmil Gratzl, K. A. C. Creswell, und Richard HEttinghausen. In
Ars Orientalis, vol. II, pp. 519-540, 1957.

Bibliography of the writings of K. A. C. Creswell. In Ars Orientalis,

vol. II, pp. 509-512, 1957.

Bibliograph of the writings of Mehdi Bahrami. In Ars Orientalis,

vol. II, pp. 625-627, 1957.

114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Ettinghausen, Richard. Early realism in Islamic art. In Studi Orientalistici
in onore de Giorgio Levi Della Vida, vol. I, pp. 250-2738, 1957, Rome.

An exhibition of Islamic art at the Ohio State Museum, July-August,

1956. 26 pp., 19 figs., 1956 [i. e., 1957]. Ohio State University, Columbus.

Persian ascension miniatures of the fourteenth century. In Acca-

demia Nazionale dei Lincei, XII Convegno “Volta,” promosso dalla. classe

di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche. Tema: Oriente e Occidente nel

medioevo, pp. 360-383, 1957, Roma.

The “Wade Cup” in The Cleveland Museum of Art, its origin and deco-

rations. In Ars Orientalis, vol. II, pp. 8327-866, 1957.

Review of “Fatih Albumuna Bir Bakis. Sur ]’Album du Conquérant,”

par M. S. IpsiroSlu et S. Byiiboglu. (1955, Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat

Fakiiltesi Yayinlari: Maarif Basimevi, 15+153 pp.). In Ars Orientalis, vol.

II, pp. 565-567, 1957.

Review of “Jews and Arabs: Their Contacts through the Ages,” by

S. D. Goitein. (New York, Schocken Books, 1955.) In Ars Orientalis,

vol. II, pp. 591-594, 1957.

Review of “The Mosques of Egypt from 21 H. (641) to 13865 H.

(1946) ...” Published under the auspices of the Ministry of Waqfs, Giza

(Orman), The Survey of Egypt, 1949, 2 vols. In Ars Orientalis, vol. II,

pp. 544-545, 1957.

Review of “Vorderasiatische Kuntipfteppiche aus alter Zeit,’ yon Wil-
helm von Bode und Ernst Ktihnel. (Braunschweig, Klinkhardt, und Bier-
mann, 1955.) In Oriens, vol. 10, pp. 362-8638, 1957.

——. Review of “Indian Painting for the British, 1770-1880,” an essay
by Mildred and W. G. Archer. (London, Oxford University Press, 1955.)
In The Middle Hast Journal, p. 338, summer 1957.

Gettens, Rutherford J. The composition of some ancient Persian and other
Near Hastern silver objects, by Rutherford J. Gettens and Claude L.
Waring. In Ars Orientalis, vol. II, pp. 88-90, 1957.

A monument of Byzantine wall painting—the method of construc-

tion. In Studies in Conservation, vol. III, No. 3, pp. 107-118, April 1958.

Physical properties of pigments. In Handbook of Chemistry and

Physics, 39th ed., pp. 1491-1494, 1957/1958. Chemical Rubber Publ. Co.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution. In The Identification of

Non-Artifactual Archaeological Materials, National Academy of Sciences

Publ. 565, pp. 82-84, 1957.

Review of “Cairene Rugs and Others Technically Related, 15th-17th
Century.” In Studies in Conservation, vol. Iil, No. 3, p. 148, April 1958.

Pope, John Alexander. Review of “Blue and White Porcelain: <A Study of
Form,” by Cornelius Osgood. In Journal of the American Oriental So-
ciety, vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 248-248, July—Sept. 1957.

Stern, Harold P. Translation into English of the listing of azaleas of the Jap-
anese Satsuki Society. In The Azgalea Book, by Frederic P. Lee, pp. 223-—
232, 1958. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York.

Masterpieces of Korean art. Catalog of the Korean exhibition travel-

ing in the United States, 1958.

Catalogue of the Hauge Collection, for the exhibition at China House,
New York, April 1958.

Usilton, Bertha M. Yesterday’s history makes today’s research. In D. C.
Libraries, vol. 28, pp. 2-4, October 1957.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 115

Wenley, A.G. “A Breath of Spring,” by Tsou Fu-lei. In Ars Orientalis, vol. II,
pp. 459-470, 1957. :

A radiocarbon dating of a Yiinnanese image of AvalokiteSvara. In

Ars Orientalis, vol. II, p. 508, 1957.

REPRODUCTIONS

The photographic laboratory made 8,432 items during the year
as follows: 5,391 prints, 361 negatives, 1,716 color transparencies, and
248 black-and-white slides. Total negatives on hand, 11,563; 3,000
old slides were removed, and present inventory for lantern slides totals
7,005; 354 reproductions in the round of Freer Gallery objects were
sold. Slide loans were as follows: 765 black-and-white, 1,354 color.

BUILDING

The roof and exterior of the building appear to be in good con-
dition; minor repairs were made and leaks in the skylights fixed
from time to time. The laylights in each of the Gallery ceilings and
the east and west corridors were replaced.

The work of making exhibition cases for the galleries and new
bookcases continued in the cabinet shop, and miscellaneous odd jobs
related to storage, exhibition, restoration, crating, and maintenance
of office and Gallery equipment were carried on as usual. Much time
was given to various jobs arising as air-conditioning of the building
was completed, such as a thorough cleaning of the attic and rein-
stallation of the exhibition galleries.

All plants, trees, and shrubs appear to be doing well. The trumpet-
vine and trellis at either end of the south side were removed and the
azalea bed was transplanted and rearranged. One Mahonia beali was
planted in the southwest corner. One Cotoneaster salicifolia was re-
placed. The four plots of grass were removed and resodded completely
with zoysia grass. The grass, as well as all the plantings around the
fountain, has made an excellent showing. Lantanas have been planted
for the present season and are doing well.

HERZFELD ARCHIVE

On October 29, 1957, a gift of one notebook and three booklets of
Arabic inscriptions to be added to the Herzfeld Archive was received
trom Prof. Dr. Adolf Grohmann.

ATTENDANCE

The Gallery was open to the public from 9 to 4:30 every day except
Christmas Day. The total number of visitors to come in the main
entrance was 111,674. The highest monthly attendance was in April,
14,539, and the lowest was in February, 3,517.

116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

There were 2,253 visitors to the office for the following purposes:

Horeceneraly informations] se 911
TNoisubmitiobjects tor examination ee 434
To “study an: Hbrary2o. ow ee ee Ee ee eee 439
To ‘see stafl members: 2 swe i a ee eee 180
To take photographs in court or exhibition galleries_________________ 117
Torsee) buildinevandanstallations#= ee ee 26
ROW OX ATANDINS 5 OT OUT OWES NL CS ea ae ae 23
Towsketeh? in galleriesis 2 ilo een ee 10

To see objects in storage:
PAST OR CRIN TG I Sa a 26
Armenian, Byzantine, Greek MSS., etc____-_--_-----_---___--__- 2
Christianvart? @Washinston MSS) 22 eee eee 45
Far Hastern jade, lacquer, wood, ivory, ete________-_-____________ 23
Rar cHastern, ‘metalworkesisie is kes ies A 32
DR) entry SHA a SU Tee PANN GM Ee 97
Mar PH ASCSEME SO OCECL Ys eee Ses eal a CR en 61
Near Hastern glass, bookbindings, ete_-_--_____-________--__-____ 8
Neary (Master mme tall wor kiss wai i ie kite a a 5
NeareHastern: painting bea ice 20
Nears Mastern:| pottery i = 208 iene Nea ei ia Bey ae 8

AUDITORIUM

The series of illustrated lectures was continued as follows:

1957
October 8. Dr. John Alexander Pope, Assistant Director, Freer Gailery
of Art. ‘Ceramic Finds in the Far East.” Attendance,
222e
November 5. Dr. John D. Cooney, Curator of Egyptology, Brooklyn
Museum. ‘Adventures in Collecting.”’ Attendance, 108.
1958
January 7. Harold P. Stern, Associate in Japanese Art, Freer Gallery of
Art. ‘The Korean Imperial Treasures.”’ Attendance, 165.
February 11. Dr. Jane Mahler, Associate Professor of Fine Arts, Columbia
University. ‘The Glory of Medieval Burma.” Attend-
ance, 173.
March 11. Dr. Charles K. Wilkinson, Curator, Ancient Near Eastern
Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art. ‘‘Achaemenian Art:
The Art of a Persian Empire.’”’ Attendance, 175.
April 15. W. G. Archer, Keeper, Indian Section, Victoria and Albert
Museum, London. ‘‘The Loves of Krishna.” Attend-
ance, 166.

Outside organizations used the auditorium as follows:

1957
August 13. The United States Department of Agriculture held a meeting
of 4-H Club representatives. Attendance, 220.
November 19. The United States Department of Agriculture held a meeting

of the Commodity Stabilization Service, Sugar Division.
Attendance, 311.

November 20. The United States Department of Agriculture held an all-day
meeting of the Federal Extension Service. Attendance,
255.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 117

1958
January 27. The United States Department of Agriculture held a meeting
of the Rural Electrification Agency, Southern Region,
Telephone Program. Attendance, 125.
January 28. The United States Department of Agriculture held a meeting
of the Secretary’s Offices, Farmers Union Meeting. At-
tendance, 151.

Four other meetings were held in the Freer Gallery of Art building
as follows:

1957
September 23. Board of Governors of the Washington Society of the Archaeo-
logical Institute of America met in the library. Attend-
ance, 7.
December 14. Far Eastern Ceramic Group met in the library. Attendance,
25.
1958
May 14. Board of Governors of the Washington Society of the Archaeo-

logical Institute of America met in the library. At-
tendance, 6.

June 4. Through the Department of Commerce, National Bureau of
Standards, it was arranged to have the Freer Gallery of
Art open the evening of June 4, 8:30 to 10:30 P. M., to
members of the Sugar Refinery Congress. Docent service
was given by Harold P. Stern and James F. Cahill. At-
tendance, 46.

STAFF ACTIVITIES

The work of the staff members has been devoted to the study of new
accessions, of objects contemplated for purchase, and of objects sub-
mitted for examination, as well as to individual research projects in
the fields represented by the collections of Chinese, Japanese, Persian,
Arabic, and Indian materials. Reports, oral and written, and ex-
clusive of those made by the technical laboratory (listed below),
were made on 4,049 objects as follows: For private individuals,
2,538; for dealers, 1,067; for other museums, 444. In all, 863 photo-
graphs were examined, and 471 Oriental language inscriptions were
translated for outside individuals and institutions. By request, 19
groups totaling 453 persons met in the exhibition galleries for docent

service by staff members.
Three groups totaling 41 persons were given docent service by

staff members in the storage rooms.

Among the visitors were 84 distinguished foreign scholars or per-
sons holding official positions in their own countries who came here
under the auspices of the State Department to study museum ad-
ministration and practices in this country.

In the technical laboratory 130 objects from the Freer Collections
and 69 from outside sources were examined. The following projects
were begun :

118 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

1. For a period of four weeks in March-April, Mr. Gettens worked as research
collaborator in the chemistry department of Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, L. I., N. Y., where he carried out analytical studies, mainly spectro-
graphic, on ancient glass and ancient bronze. Some 30 specimens from
inscribed ceremonial bronzes in the Freer Collection were analyzed
spectrochemically.

2. Chemical quantitative analysis by wet methods was started on samples of
the same series of inscribed ceremonial bronzes.

3. Systematic collection of data was begun on the technology of ancient copper
and bronze in the Far East.

The following projects were continued :

1. X-ray diffraction analysis of corrosion products on ancient metals.

2. Identification, by X-ray diffraction methods, of the jade objects in the
Freer Collection.

8. Studies on the salt efflorescence on earthenware bodies. Carried on exchange
of specimens and information with Museum of Natural History, Brussels.

During the year, 8 written reports were made and 37 verbal reports
given on objects examined in the technical laboratory.

In August 1957 Mr. Wenley left for 214 months to attend the Inter-
national Congress of Orientalists in Munich where he delivered a paper
on inscriptions on bronze vessels found at Lo-yang in 1929. During
his trip to Europe he also studied museums and private collections in
the following places: Briefly in France and Switzerland, 9 days in
Munich, 5 days in Stockholm, 7 days in London, 3 days each in
Brussels, The Hague, and Athens, and 16 days in Italy.

By invitation of the Government of Pakistan and the University
of the Panjab in Lahore, Dr. Ettinghausen left in December to attend
the International Islamic Colloquium. As the initial speaker he de-
livered a paper entitled “Comments on the Nature of Islamic Art
and Its Symbols.” His 4-month trip took him to the following places
where he delivered lectures and studied museums and private collec-
tions in connection with his research in Near Eastern art: 4 weeks
in Pakistan, 4 weeks in India, 10 days in Iran, 8 days in Israel, 214
weeks in Germany and England respectively, and 2 days in Ireland.

On March 27, 1957, Mr. Stern left on a 9-month trip to the Far East
to prepare the catalog for editing and supervise photographing of the
objects and arrangements for packing and shipping of the Korean
Government Loan Exhibition. While in the Far East he delivered
lectures and studied museums and private collections in the following
places: 5 weeks in Seoul, 5 months in Japan, 2 weeks in Hong Kong,
1 week in Formosa, 1 week in Honolulu, and 1 week in San Francisco
and Seattle.

By invitation the following lectures were given outside the Gallery
by staff members (illustrated unless otherwise noted) :

1957
July 15.
July 11.

July 16.

July 18.

July 23.

August 8.

August 14.

August 23.

September 16.

September 30.

October 12.

October 16.

October 24.

November 21.

November 22.

December 11.

December 30.

December 31.

1958
January 5.

January 7.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 119

Dr. Cahill, at the State Teachers College, New Paltz, N. Y.,
“Chinese and Japanese Art.” Attendance, 32.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Washington, Seattle,
“Historical Travel in Iran, Afghanistan, and India.” At-
tendance, 250.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Washington, Seattle,
“Miniature Albums of the Mughal Emperors of India.”
Attendance, 220.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Seattle Art Museum, ‘‘Master-
pieces of Near Eastern Pottery.” Attendance, 150.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, B. C., ‘Historical Travel in Iran, Afghanistan,
and India.’”’ Attendance, 85.

Mr. Stern, at the American Cultural Center, Kyoto, Japan,
“Some Japanese Objects in the Freer Gallery of Art.’
Attendance, 55.

Mr. Stern, at the Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, in Japanese,
on “Japanese Art in the Freer Gallery of Art.’’ Attendance,
50.

Mr. Stern, in Osaka, Japan, in Japanese, on “Japanese Art in
the Freer Gallery of Art.’’ Attendance, 20.

Mr. Stern in Nara, Japan, in Japanese, on ‘“‘Japanese Art in
the Freer Gallery of Art.’’ Attendance, 25.

Dr. Cahill, at All Souls Unitarian Church, Washington, D. C.,
on “Chinese Painting.” Attendance, 25.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Phillips Gallery, Washington, D. C.,
“Tran, the Country and Its Art.”’ Attendance, 41.

Mr. Stern, in Tokyo, Japan, at the National Museum, in
Japanese, ‘Japanese Art in the Freer Gallery of Art.’
Attendance, 50.

Dr. Pope, in New York, to the Chinese Art Society, “Pottery
Hunting in the Far East.’’? Attendance, 70.

Dr. Cahill, in New York, at the Metropolitan Museum of
Art, ‘‘Album Painting in Japan.” Attendance, 45.

Dr. Pope, in Baltimore, at the Baltimore Museum of Art,
“Asiatic Collections of Chinese Art.’”?’ Attendance, 135.
Dr. Pope, at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C.,
“Asiatic Collections of Chinese Art.’”’ Attendance, 100.
Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of the Panjab, Lahore,
Pakistan, delivered official message of greetings of the
Smithsonian Institution to the Vice Chancellor of the

University. Attendance, 1,500.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of the Panjab, Lahore,
delivered opening speech, ‘‘Comments on the Nature of
Islamic Art and its Symbols.” Attendance, 650.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of the Panjab, Lahore,
presided at a meeting of the International Islamic Collo-
quium. Attendance, 30.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of the Panjab, Lahore,
before a meeting of the International Islamic Colloquium,
“Miniature Albums of the Mughal Emperors.” Attend-
ance, 30.

479801—58——_9

120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

1958
January 11.

January 12.

January 15.

January 16.

January 16.

January 17.

January 20.

January 21.

January 24.

January 26.

February 1.

February 7.

February 13.

February 19.

February 20.

February 21

March 5.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Peshawar, Pakistan, a brief address to
the Board of Historical Research.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at Peshawar University, Pakistan, “‘Mug-
hal Miniatures.” Attendance, 150.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Dacca, East Pakistan,
Department of Arabic Studies, ‘‘Mughal Miniatures.” At-
tendance, 40.

Mr. Wenley addressed the annual dinner of the Smithsonian
Board of Regents, ‘‘Far Eastern Collections in the Freer
Gallery of Art Compared with Those Abroad.’ Attend-
ance, 26.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Dacca, Hast Pakistan,
“Pottery from Muslim Countries.””’ Attendance, 55.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Dacca, Hast Pakistan,
Department of Islamic Civilization, ‘“‘The Paintings of
Behzad.”’ Attendance, 75.

Mr. Gettens, at the Sidwell Friends School, Washington,
D. C., “Source of Paint Material of the Ancients.’”’ Attend-
ance, 20.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the United States Information Service,
Chittagong, East Pakistan, ‘‘Muslim Art and Painting.”
Attendance, 150.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Calcutta, India, at the home of Chester
R. Chartrand, Public Affairs Officer of the Consulate Gen-
eral, ‘‘Mughal Paintings.”’ Attendance, 25.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Calcutta, India, at the home of Robert
B. Jaffie, Cultural Affairs Officer, ‘‘Mughal Paintings.”
Attendance, 15.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Banaras, India, under the auspices of the
Department of Indology and the Bharat Kala Bhawan
(Museum of Indian Art) of the Banaras Hindu University,
““Mughal Paintings in the Freer Gallery of Art.”’ Attend-
ance, 40.

Mr. Gettens, in New York at the Brooklyn Museum, ‘‘Optical
Aids in the Examination of Paintings.’”’ Attendance, 25.
Dr. Ettinghausen, at the National Gallery of Modern Art,
New Delhi, India, ‘‘Mughal Miniatures in the Freer Gallery

of Art.”” Attendance, 40.

Dr. Ettinghausen at the Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bom-
bay, India, ‘‘The Near Eastern Collection of the Freer
Gallery of Art.”’ Attendance, 50.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Bhulabhai Memorial Institute,
Bombay, India, ‘‘Mughal Miniatures in the Freer Gallery
of Art.’”’ Attendance, 110.

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Bhulabhai Memorial Institute,
Bombay, India, ‘‘Near Eastern Potteries in the Freer
Gallery of Art.”” Attendance, 45.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Tehran, Iran, to the Theological Faculty
of the University of Tehran, ‘‘Persian Elements in Mughal
Painting.”” Attendance, 400.

1958
Mareh 11.

April 1.

April 3.

May 1.

May 2.

May 2.

May 14.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 121

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem,
Israel, ‘‘Characteristic Features of Mughal Paintings.”
Attendance, 45.

Dr. Pope, in New York City, to members of the American
Oriental Society, ‘‘Chinese Remains in Sarawak.” Attend-
ance, 75.

Mr. Stern, at China House, New York, “Japanese Painting
as Represented by the Hauge Collection.” Attendance, 40.

Mrs. Usilton, in Charleston, S. C., to the Librarians’ Section
of the American Association of Museums, ‘‘What’s New
in Museum Libraries.’”’ Attendance, 30.

Mr. Gettens, in Charleston, S. C., to the Art Technical
Section of the American Association of Museums, ‘‘Examin-
ing Tables.” Attendance, 50.

Miss Elisabeth West, in Charleston, S. C., to the Art Tech-
nical Section of the American Association of Museums,
“‘Cross-Sections of Layered structures in Polyester Resin.”
Attendance, 50.

Mr. Gettens, to the Abracadabra Club, Bethesda, Md.,
“Adventure in Color.”’ Attendance, 20.

Mrs. Usilton attended the two sessions of the Regional Catalogers

and Classifiers meeting of the American Libraries Association at the
Folger Library, Washington, D. C. Members of the staff traveled
outside Washington on official business as follows:

1957
July 1-
December 23.
July 1-3.

August 26—
November 12.
September 13.

September 30—
October 4.
October 15.

October 24—26.

Mr. Stern in the Far East.

Mr. Gettens, in Boston, visited the Museum of Fine Arts,
where he examined 10 Far Eastern objects; and the
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, where he examined
1 Far Eastern object; and in Cambridge, Mass., visited
the Fogg Art Museum where he examined 1 Far Eastern
object.

Mr. Wenley attended meetings of the International Con-
gress of Orientalists in Munich, Germany.

Miss Elisabeth West, in Baltimore, visited the Walters
Art Gallery where she examined 96 pieces of jade and
sampled 17.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York, visited various dealers
and museums and examined 155 Near Eastern objects.
Dr. Ettinghausen, in Baltimore, visited the Baltimore
Museum of Art, where he examined 3 pieces of Turkish
pottery, 4 pieces of Persian pottery, and 1 piece of

Hispano-Moresque pottery.

Dr. Pope, in New York, visited various dealers and museums
and examined 80 Japanese prints and 35 miscellaneous
Far Eastern objects.

122 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

1957
November 1-19.

November 6-9.

November 7-12.

November 17-20.

November 19.

November 20-24.

November 25-
December 9.

December 11.

December 16-17.

Mr. Gettens, in Chicago, visited the Art Institute of
Chicago; in Denver, Colo., visited the Chappelle House,
the Schlier Gallery, and the Denver Art Museum; in
Boulder, Colo., examined Mayan pottery sherds belong-
ing to Miss Anna Shepard; in Salt Lake City, Utah,
visited the Utah Musuem of Fine Arts; in San Francisco,
saw the collection of Neil E. Compton; also visited the
E. B. Crocker Art Gallery in Sacramento, Calif., Sutters
Museum, Sutters Fort, Calif.; the Portland Art Museum,
Portland, Oreg.; the Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash.;
and the Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis,
Minn. Examined 106 objects in addition to general
collections.

Mr. Gettens and Dr. Cahill, as delegates, attended meetings
of the UNESCO Conference in San Francisco.

Dr. Cahill, in San Francisco, examined 30 Chinese and
Japanese objects belonging to 8. Tsuchiya, a dealer. In
Kansas City, Mo., examined 50 Chinese paintings at
the William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art; in Cleve-
land, Ohio, examined 25 Chinese and 5 Japanese paintings
at the Cleveland Museum of Art.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Boston and Cambridge, Mass., ex-
amined 20 Arabic and Persian MSS. in the Houghton
Library, 60 Persian and Indian miniatures in the Fogg
Art Museum, and 1 Coptic woodcarving with bone inlay
at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Boston, attended the annual meeting
of the Trustees of ‘‘The American Research Center in
Egypt” at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

Dr. Cahill, in New York, examined 8 Far Eastern paintings
at the Metropolitan Museum of Art; 30 Indian and Far
Eastern paintings belonging to a private collector; and
119 paintings in the hands of five dealers; he also attended
an exibition of modern Chinese paintings at the Mi
Chou Gallery.

Dr. Pope, in London, England, attended the Exhibition,
“Arts of the Ming Dynasty,’’ sponsored by the Arts
Council of Great Britain and the Oriental Ceramic
Society; also saw collections belonging to the follow-
ing: Mrs. Alfred Clark, Percival David Foundation, the
British Museum, J. M. Addis, Gerald Reitlinger, F.
Brodie Lodge, G. Gompertz, R. F. A. Riesco, Sir Harry
Garner, and R. H. R. Palmer.

Dr. Ettinghausen left on a trip taking him to Lahore,
Pakistan, to attend the International Islamic Colloquium.

Mr. Wenley attended the meeting of the Freer Fund
Committee at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich.

1958
January 2.

February 5.

February 6.

March 3-4.

March 24—
Apsil 18.

March 27—
April 4.

March 31-
April 4.

March 29-—
April 3.

April 17-18.

April 28-30.

April 28-29.

May 17.

June 16-21.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 123

Miss Elisabeth West and Mr. Gettens, in Baltimore, ex-
amined 2 European oil paintings and 1 Etruscan bronze
pitcher at the Walters Art Gallery; they then attended
the exhibition of Near Eastern Bookbindings at the
Baltimore Museum of Art.

Mr. Stern attended the opening of the Korean Exhibition
at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Mr. Gettens, in New York, called at Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, L. I., to discuss technical matters
with members of their staff.

Mr. Wenley and Dr. Pope, in Cleveland, Ohio, attended the
official opening of the new wing of the Cleveland Museum
of Art.

Mr. Gettens visited the Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, L. I., where he acted as research collaborator
in the department of chemistry with Dr. E. V. Sayre,
working on spectrochemical analysis of specimens of
glass from the Ray Winfield Smith Collection, as well as
on specimens from early Chinese bronzes in the Freer
Collection.

Mr. Stern, in New York, attended the official opening of
the Hauge Collection at China House and examined 22
objects of Far Eastern art at dealers.

Mr. Wenley, in New York, attended meetings of the
American Oriental Society, including meetings of the
Executive Committee, where he presented the annual
report of the Louise Wallace Hackney Scholarship
Committee. Also attended meetings of the Association
of Asian Studies. Examined 31 various Far Eastern
objects belonging to five different dealers.

Dr. Pope, in New York, attended meetings of the American
Oriental Society.

Mr. Wenley, in Ann Arbor, Mich., attended the opening
of an exhibition of Mexican Art from Pre-Columbian to
Modern Times.

Mrs. Lnor O. West, in New York, attended meetings of
Museum Store Managers at the Metropolitan Museum
of Art and the Brooklyn Museum.

Mr. Wenley, in Winterthur, Del., attendéd meetings of the
Association of Art Museum Directors.

Mr. Wenley and Dr. Pope, in Boston, attended the meeting
of the Council of the Far Eastern Ceramic Group, and the
general meeting of the society; Dr. Pope presided at
both meetings. Later, they went to the home of Paul
Bernat, where they examined approximately 90 Far
Eastern objects.

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York, visited the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, where he examined 8 Near Eastern
carpet fragments; the American Numismatic Society,
where he examined 40 Mesopotamian copper coins; and
four dealers, where he examined 227 miscellaneous Near
Eastern objects.

124 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Members of the staff held honorary posts, received recognition, and
undertook additional duties outside the Gallery as follows:

Mr. Wenley:

Dr. Pope:

Dr. Ettinghausen:

Mr. Gettens:

Appointed member of the Visiting Committee, Dumbarton
Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D. C.,
for 1 year from July 1, 1957.

Research Professor of Oriental Art, Department of Fine
Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., for 1
year from July 1, 1957.

President, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.

Served on Special Advisory Committee of the Cultural
Development Committee to formulate plans for a Festival
of the Arts and Music to be held in Washington, D. C., in
1959 or 1960.

Appointed Chairman of the Time of Year Selection Sub-
committee.

Elected Trustee, Japan-American Society.

Member, Visiting Committee, Board of Overseers of Harvard
College to the Department of Far Eastern Civilizations.

Member, Editorial Board, Archives of the Chinese Art Society
of America.

President, Far Eastern Ceramic Group.

Member, House Committee, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.

Member, Committee on Asia, American Council of Learned
Societies.

Chairman of Committee to organize and supervise the Annual
Birthday Reception and Dinner of Cosmos Club.

Appeared on television program out of Philadelphia, WCAU,
on November 19, 1957, University Museum Show, ‘‘What
in the World.”

Member, Editorial Board, The Art Bulletin.

Trustee, American Research Center in Egypt.

Honorary member of the Board of Historical Research,
Peshawar, Pakistan.

Member, Board of Governors, Washington Society of Archae-
ological Institute of America, Washington Branch.

Appointment extended, Research Professor of Islamic Art,
Department of Fine Arts, University of Michigan.

“Exhibition of Iranian Photographs,” at the Middle East
Institute, Washington, D. C. Voice of America recorded
an interview in Persian with Dr. Ettinghausen who made
comments about the exhibition.

Gave a short address at Wildenstein Galleries, New York, at
the opening of an exhibition of Hossein Behzad’s illustra-
tions to Omar Khayyam’s Rubaiyat.

Chairman, Art Committee, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.

Chairman, American Committee for International Institute
for the Conservation of Museum Objects.

Ordinary Member, Council of the International Institute for
the Conservation of Museum Objects, National Gallery,
London, England.

Mr. Stern:

Dr. Cahill:

Mrs. Usilton:

SECRETARY'S REPORT 125

As representative of the United States Government and
American museums, cataloged selected objects of the
Korean Government Exhibition, and acted as liaison in
arranging for packing and shipping to the United States.

Represented the Freer Gallery of Art in the 60th Anniversary
Celebration of the Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan.

Organized and supervised the installation of the Loan Exhibi-
tion from the collections of Mr. and Mrs. Osborne Hauge
and Mr. Victor Hauge, at the China House, New York,
April 1-380, 1958.

Read and commented on the doctoral dissertation of Won-
Yong Kim, ‘Studies on Silla Pottery,’’ for the Department
of Fine Arts, New York University, New York.

Gave a course of illustrated lectures on Chinese and Japanese
art at American University, Washington, D. C., February—
June, 1958. Attendance, 17 each lecture.

Critic of the schedules for 700’s (Fine Arts) of the Dewey
Decimal Classification, 16th edition.

Contributor to [IC Abstracts.

In 1957 the Freer Gallery for the first time took part in the
Wellesley-Vassar Washington Summer Intern Program under which
a group of specially qualified students get actual experience working
as volunteers in various Government offices. Miss Ellen McCance, a
fine-arts major from Vassar College, worked under the immediate
supervision of the librarian of the Freer Gallery. During the 8-week
period she helped on a variety of projects, thus gaining a well-rounded
idea of the general functions of the organization and the different
phases of Gallery activity, and at the same time making a useful
contribution to the work of the Gallery.

Respectfully submitted.

A. G. Wentry, Director.

Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the National Air Museum

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the National Air Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1958:

Of outstanding importance to the National Air Museum during the
year was thé progress made in the matter of a site for a new building.
On June 26, 1958, the United States Senate passed S1985, a bill in-
troduced by Senator Clinton P. Anderson, authorizing the prepara-
tion of plans for the construction of a suitable building for a National
Air Museum to be located on the site bounded by Fourth and Seventh
Streets, SW., Independence Avenue, and Jefferson Drive. At the
close of the year the bill had gone to the House of Representatives
and had been referred to the Committee on Public Works. The
passage of this bill by the Senate marks a long step toward the
realization of many years’ efforts in the matter of adequate housing
for the National Air Museum.

Many important accessions were received. Notable among these
were the General William Mitchell statue and a Vanguard rocket.
These are on exhibition in the Arts and Industries Building.

Progress was made in the improvement and preparation of storage
and restoration facilities. ‘These facilities take on increasing impor-
tance as the planning of the exhibit for the new building progresses.

A new and improved exhibit in the Aircraft Building is in the
planning stage. In addition to providing a much-needed change in
this old exhibition space, it will serve as useful experience in plan-
ning the aeronautical exhibits for the new building.

The Museum’s information service continued as a growing and
active function during the year. Technical, historical, and biographi-
cal information pertaining to the development of aviation was fur-
nished by the staff for Government agencies, universities, research
workers, authors, teachers, students, and the inquiring public. The
reference files, photographic files, and library of the Museum con-
tinued to expand in volume and usefulness with the acquisition of
additional data and materials from many sources.

Two Honorary Fellows of the National Air Museum, Capt. John J.
Ide, USNR, and Frederick Crawford, were appointed during the
year. A Director of the National Air Museum, Philip S. Hopkins,
was appointed and assumed his duties in February 1958. An associate
curator, Louis S. Casey, was also added to the staff.

126

SECRETARY’S REPORT 127

ADVISORY BOARD

One meeting of the Advisory Board was held, on October 11, 1957.
The Secretary introduced the new member of the Board, Rear Adm.
R. E. Dixon, USN, who succeeded Rear Adm. James S. Russell, whose
appointment terminated July 12, 1957. The other members, Dr.
Leonard Carmichael, chairman; Maj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood, Jr.,
representing the Chief of Staff, Department of the Air Force; and
the Presidentially appointed citizen members, Lt. Gen. James H.
Doolittle, USAF (Ret.), and Grover Loening, continued their service
on the Board.

At this meeting the Board recommended the appointment of the
Director and Honorary Fellows above named, and also recommended
the appointment of Paul E. Garber as head curator and historian of
the National Air Museum.

The Board reaffirmed its approval of the Mall site for the National
Air Museum Building.

SPECIAL EVENTS

Several notable presentation ceremonies took place during the year.
The outstanding one was the unveiling and acceptance of the Gen.
Wiliiam Mitchell statue, sculptured by Bruce Moore, and the gift of
the late George H. Stephenson. The statue was unveiled on Decem-
ber 17, 1957, by William Mitchell, Jr., in the presence of members
of the Mitchell family, the Stephenson family, and some 200 distin-
guished guests.

Other special ceremonies during the year included the presentation
of a “Falcon” guided missile by the Honorable Barry Goldwater,
United States Senator from Arizona, on behalf of the Hughes Air-
craft Co., on April 15, 1958; an Air Mail Medal of Honor, presented
by Deputy Postmaster General Edson G. Sessions on May 14, 1958;
and a “Vanguard” rocket and satellite, presented by Rear Adm. Raw-
son Bennett of the United States Navy, on May 26, 1958.

At these presentation ceremonies, Dr. Carmichael accepted the gifts
for the Musuem with appropriate remarks.

The National Air Museum was well represented on numerous oc-
casions throughout the year by the head curator and historian, Paul
E. Garber. Mr. Garber’s activities included the following :

The Early Birds, an organization of those who flew solo during
the first 13 years of powered heavier-than-air flight (prior to Decem-
ber 17, 1916) held their annual reunion in Washington July 27-29,
1957. They enjoyed a tour of the aeronautical exhibits conducted by
Mr. Garber, who is secretary of this organization. Their interest
was increased not only because of their personal association with the

128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

beginnings of aviation but also because this Museum has been desig-
nated by them as depository for their archives and historic specimens.

The Institute of Aeronautical Sciences held a joint meeting with the
Navy at San Diego, August 1 to 16, where, at the Institute Building,
a display of aircraft, scale models, photographs, and paintings illus-
trated the growth of naval aviation from its origin in 1911 to the
present. In the opinion of many persons who attended, this was the
most complete historical display of this type ever assembled. The
organizers acknowledged the important assistance extended by this
Museum which provided most of the scale models. During this meet-
ing Mr. Garber lectured on “Glenn Curtiss, Founder of Naval Avia-
tion,” illustrating his talk with slides, a number of which were rare
views of the aircraft developed by this famous air pioneer.

On May 13, the District of Columbia Chapter of the Institute of
Aeronautical Sciences heard a lecture by the head curator on “The
History of Aeronautics.” ‘This was a condensation of a four-part
series delivered by him at monthly meetings of the Institute chapter
formed of students in aeronautical engineering at the Catholic Uni-
versity in Washington.

The association of Air Mail Pioneers, composed of those who op-
erated the governmental postal aviation system from its beginning in
1918 until 1927 when the routes were converted into commercial air-
lines, held the annual meeting of the Eastern Division in Washington,
October 10-11. The Museum cooperated with preparation of a special
display of airmail relics, scale models and photographs of airmail
planes, and related material. A conducted tour of the collections
and a talk on Max Miller, the first postal aviator in the departmental
service, were given by Mr. Garber, who was recently president of the
District of Columbia chapter of this organization. On May 15, 1958,
this chapter headed the celebration of the fortieth anniversary of
the first continuously scheduled public service airmail route. The
head curator assisted with arrangements for a flight over the original
Washington-to-New York route in an airplane of 1918 piloted by Leon
Smith, one of the original group of airmail pilots; and with the prep-
aration of a bronze plaque which was unveiled on the anniversary date
to mark the field from which the inaugural flight had started. Another
feature of this airmail anniversary was a ceremony at the National
Aviation Club when an example of the Air Mail Flyers’ Medal of
Honor was added to the Museum collections. Authorized by act of
Congress in 1931, it has been awarded only 10 times, “for distinguished
service as an airmail pilot.”

Cooperating with the Armed Forces, Mr. Garber lectured on the
history of aeronautics to the Non-Commissioned Officers’ School at
the Air Force Base in Orlando, Fla., and gave talks on various phases

SECRETARY’S REPORT 129

of aviation to the Air Force Flying Club at Andrews Air Force Base
in Maryland, the Army Flying Club at Fort Myer, Va., and to several
units of reserve officers and the Civil Air Patrol. At the request of
the Navy Department, the talk on Glenn Curtiss was repeated before
the combined Naval Reserve companies of the Washington area. Con-
ducted tours of the aeronautical exhibits were provided for a group
of naval enlisted men selected for their proficiency in aviation, and
for units of the Reserve Officers Training Corps. A talk on Brig.
Gen. William Mitchell and a description of his statue in the Museum
was given at the Air Force Historical Association meeting at Bolling
Air Force Base, September 6. A similar talk was made on January
8 at a meeting of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, of which the General
had been a member. On February 19 the Washington chapter repre-
sented the fraternity in laying a wreath at the base of that statue, and
on April 25 the American Legion paid similar tribute.

The head curator served as chief judge at the National Model Air-
plane Contest held in Cleveland, March 27, where he spoke on the
recent progress by the Museum in acquiring significant material; and
during the same month he was judge at a model contest conducted
by the Washington Junior Chamber of Commerce.

Tours of the aeronautical collections were conducted for groups of
young aviation enthusiasts at the request of Congressmen Peter Mack
of Illinois, and Robert W. Kean of New Jersey. In all, Mr. Garber
gave during the year 24 lectures, conducted 6 tours, and made 7 trips
in connection with these educational services and for inspection of
material offered to the Museum.

IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHIBITS

Some improvements were made during the year in the exhibits in
the Aircraft Building and the Arts and Industries Building. With
the unveiling of the William Mitchell statue, this became a permanent
part of the exhibit in the Aeronautical Hall of the Arts and Industries
Building. With the statue is a case containing Mitchell memorabilia,
and directly adjacent is the restored and reconditioned SPAD-XVI,
General Mitchell’s airplane. Twenty dioramas lent by the U. S. Air
Force, depicting the development of military aeronautics from the
Civil War to the present time, were installed in this hall and provide a
colorful and instructive exhibit. A revolving globe, with flight path
and model airplanes illustrating the first “Around the World Flight,”
was added to the Collier Trophy case. The “Falcon” guided missile
exhibit was-added to the Aircraft Building.

Improvements were made to several exhibition cases by adding
overhead lighting and powered displays. These improvements in-
volved the Pulitzer, Lowe, Mitchell, and Collier cases.

130 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Minor repairs were made to a number of aircraft and models on
exhibition.
REPAIR, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION

It has been a year of activity at the Suitland storage facility in re-
spect to improving equipment and facilities and in preservation,
restoration, and warehousing. The proper warehousing of stored air-
craft, engines, and parts was completed. Five aircraft were cleaned,
preserved, and restored, awaiting exhibition. Twenty engines were
cleaned, preserved, and stored. Four aircraft were preserved for
outdoor storage.

Water and electrical connections were installed for Building 10, and
a concrete ramp was placed in front of the building. The years of
Bay C of this building was improved and the insulation of Bays A
and B was begun. Other improvements in progress include roof re-
pairs, the installation of a paint booth and equipment, a wash pit for
aircraft and engines, and an engine hoist. The storage of miscel-
laneous reference material in Building 2 was improved by boxing and
warehousing.

Considerable long-range planning was done in preparation for the
major job of restoration and preparation of aircraft for exhibition in
the proposed new building.

ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

The National Air Museum had occasion to serve many Government
agencies during the year. Among these were the Department of Jus-
tice in connection with patent litigation; the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare with relation to rocket information; the
Voice of America in connection with material for its programs; the
Department of State with reference to early aviation history informa-
tion; the Department of the Air Force; the Department of the Navy;
the Department of Agriculture; the Civil Aeronautics Administration
of the Department of Commerce; and the Post Office Department.

PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES

As previously indicated, furnishing information to the public is
a very active function of the Museum and requires an increasing
amount of staff time. The requests for information vary from “pic-
tures of airplanes” for school children to highly technical information
required by scientists and research workers. ‘The requests come by
telephone, mail, and personal visitation. The following examples
will illustrate the diverse nature of this information service:

The Chance Vought Aircraft Co. and the Douglas Aircraft Co.,
were furnished photographs for their publications.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 131

The Museum has rendered assistance, by way of photographs, tech-
nical and historical information to such publishers as Brown Broth-
ers, H. S. Stuttman, Charles Scribner’s Sons, Baltimore Sunday Star,
Washington Evening Star, Flying Magazine, Toledo Blade, Our Navy
Magazine, The Airman, Air Force Magazine, and Model Airplane
News.

Many authors of books and articles on aviation were provided with
help through our information services. Among these were Maj. Kim-
brough Brown, Douglas Ingles, Henry R. Palmer, Jr., W. D. Johnston,
Frank O’Hasson, George Lonog, John W. Underwood, Harold More-
house, Roy Wagner, Lawrence H. Conover, and C. R. Faust.

The Wilbur Wright Junior High School of Milwaukee, Wis., re-
ceived aid in selecting photographs for display and in planning a
memorial exhibit. Assistance was rendered American University in
connection with its First Annual Aviation Education Institute.

The Museum also aided the U. S. Information Service with material
for exhibition in Athens, Greece, and Paris, France. The Comité de
Wilbur Wright of Le Mans, France, was provided with appropriate
photographs for display at their commemoration celebration of the
first flights of Wilbur Wright in France.

Many individual teachers and students were furnished information
in connection with their school aviation programs.

REFERENCE MATERIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Valuable additions to the reference files, photographic files, and
library of the Museum were received during the year. These records
and documents are most valuable to the Museum staff in preparing
labels, providing information services, and authenticating data.

The cooperation of the following persons and organizations is sin-
cerely appreciated :

AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, Washington, D. C. (through Joseph Geuting,
Jr.) : The Aircraft Yearbook for 1957-58.

Arr Force, DEPARTMENT OF THE, 1365th PHoToGRAPHIC Group, M. A. T. &.,
Orlando, Fla.: A motion-picture film and tape recording of the ceremony when
the statue of Brig. Gen. William Mitchell was unveiled, Dec. 17, 1957.

AtpriIn, Cot. BH. E., New York, N. Y.: Photostatic copies of two letters received
by him from Dr. Robert H. Goddard, pertaining to roeket experiments in 1920—
21.

ALLWARD, Maurice, Middlesex, England: A copy of his recent book, “Milestones in
Science.”

Bartow, Fioyp E., Shoreham, Vt.: Scrapbook containing photographs and clip-
pings of his early career in aviation (loan). A folder illustrating airplanes
at the Dominguez Field aviation meet in California, 1910.

Briscon, Miss Yotanpo, Brooklyn, N. Y.: A contemporary poster pertaining to
the “Spirit of St. Louis.”

132 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BuMPuHREY, CEecriL, Kent, Ohio: A photograph of Charles Lindbergh taken at St.
Louis during his transcontinental flight in 1927.

CALER, JOHN W., North Hollywood, Calif.: Copy of his recent book, “Experi-
mental Light Aircraft and Midget Racers.”

CAMPBELL, Mrs. Margoriz, Washington, D. C.: Copy of the book which she co-
authored with Glenn O. Blough, “Making and Using Classroom Science Ma-
terials in the Hlementary School.”

CarL Byor & Associates, Washington, D. C. (through H. G. Leader): Two
reels of motion pictures illustrating the presentation ceremony when the
Hughes ‘‘Falcon” missile was given to the Museum, Apr. 15, 1958.

Casry, Louis S., Washington, D. C.: A collection of books on aeronautics.

Cato, JosePH L., Turlock, Calif.: Photographs and drawings of aircraft pro-
duced by the L. W. F. Company of College Point, L. I., N. Y., 1917-22, where
he was a designer.

Crvi~n AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION, Washington, D. C.: A collection of books
on aeronautics.

CLAupY, Carn H. (deceased), Washington, D. C.: 2 boxes of original glass nega-
tives of the photographs taken by him at Fort Myer, Va., during flights there
by Orville Wright in 1908 and 1909; framed photographs; and negatives of
photographs taken at Arlington, Va., showing experiments with kites by Alex-
ander Graham Bell.

CLEMONS, Mrs. ANNA B., Elmira, N. Y.: A collection of photographs illustrating
aircraft developed by Glenn H. Curtiss.

Cram, Miss ELoIse (deceased), Bethesda, Md., and Mrs. MARGARET CRAM SIE-
MEN, Hemet, Calif. (daughters of the late Ralph Cram): MTllustrations, clip-
pings, and texts collected by Mr. Cram during his extensive career as an avi-
ation enthusiast and journalist, including many of his own writings.

Crawrorp, JAMES J., Strasburg, Va.: A copy of the book “Up,” by Mrs. George
Gray, 1931, describing flights by her husband and herself during the period
1912-16 and later flights by her husband and other famous flyers.

DEcKARD, RIcHARD, Washington, D. C.: A copy of the booklet describing the
Waco-F airplane, and data pertaining to the German YV-1, De Havilland
“Moth,” and other aircraft.

Douan, Cou. CARL, USAF (Ret.), Greenwich, Conn.: A photograph of the original
members of the Lafayette Escadrille, famous group of American flyers in
World War I, with whom he served.

HACKETT, WARREN B., Mount Hermon, Calif.: Copy of the book “The Balloon
Section of the Aiericnn Expeditionary Forces,” 1919.

HARMEL, FAatK, Washington, D. C.: A collection of photographs of meranees of
the “Caterpillar Club,” composed of those whose lives have been saved by
parachutes; texts pertaining to them and to A. L. Welsh, pioneer pilot of
Wright Brothers’ airplanes, who was killed in an airplane crash at College
Park, Md., 1912.

HILLER HELICOPTERS, INc. (representative), Washington, D. C.: A 16-mm. mo-
tion-picture film showing types of helicopters.

Hottoway, WILL1AM §., Honolulu, T. H.: Copy of the book “Aviation in Hawaii,”
by W. P. Yates.

HUBBELL, CHARLES H., Cleveland, Ohio: A contemporary 3-view dimensioned
scale drawing of the De Havilland—4 airplane, 1918.

HurtcuHinson, J. D., Denver, Colo.: A collection of magazines, photographs, and
material pertaining to aircraft and flight operations of the 1920’s and 1930’s
collected during the donor’s service as a military and commercial pilot.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 133

Lees, Mrs. Water L., Turlock, Calif.: Scrapbooks containing photographs and
clippings pertaining to the career of her late husband as a pilot from 1912
until his recent death; including references to his flight instruction of Gen.
William Mitchell in 1917 and his establishing, with F. A. Brossy, of an 8414-
hour nonrefueled duration record in 1931 (loan).

Longo, Rosert R., Wichita, Kans.: Copies of “The Ford Story,” by William T.
Larkins, and “Operation Grasshopper,” by Dario Politella.

Mopet AERONAUTICAL PrREss, LtTp., Watford, England : 23 copies of “Aero Modeller”
magazine.

Navy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, Washington, D. C.: 3-view dimensioned scale draw-
ings of aircraft: Curtiss F8C-1 and F9C, the Wright ‘“‘Apache,” and the PN-9.

Por, Mrs. Morgan, Washington, D. C.: 4 photographs of the Wright family:
Bishop Milton Wright and Wilber, Orville, and Katherine Wright as children.

Ransom, ArtHur K., Freehold, N. J.: Copy of “The Curtiss Standard JN4—D
Military Tractor Handbook.”

Rowe, GEOFFREY, Ontario, Canada: Posters prepared in World War II illustrating
aircraft of that period, and used for training personnel to recognize friend
from foe.

SEMPLE, Mrs. CEcELIA, Shirley, L. I., N. Y.: 12 contemporary photographs of the
Wright EX airplane “Vin Fiz” in which Calbraith Perry Rodgers made the
first transcontinental flight, 1911.

SHort, V. R., Clinton, Conn.: A collection of photographs of helicopters illus-
trating progress in design during the past 50 years.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C. (River Basin Surveys, Missouri

- Basin Project, through Robert L. Stephenson): A collection of aeronautical
photographs, taken by Nathaniel L. Dewell, pertaining principally to the
airmail service operated by the U. S. Post Office Department during the 1920’s.

SULLIVAN, R. O. D., Jr., Washington, D. C.: A collection of photographs illus-
trating the aircraft and operations of the Aeromarine and Pan American air-
lines during the 1920’s, when the donor’s father was one of the pilots with
those organizations.

THORSEN, ARTHUR, Encino, Calif.: A copy of the booklet “The Story of Art Smith,”
a pioneer pilot who in 1911 taught himself to fly in a homemade airplane, and
eontinued in aviation until his death in 1926 while flying the mail.

UnbDERWOooD & UNDERWOOD, New York, N. Y.: Photographs of Amelia Harhart
(loan).

UNION TITLE INSURANCE Co., San Diego, Calif.: A collection of photographs, per-
taining mainly to aviation activities in the San Diego area, particularly those
of Glenn Curtiss and his associates, and Charles Lindbergh and the Ryan Co.,
for the period 1911-32.

UNITED ArRcRAFT Corp., East Hartford, Conn. (through Charles Stewart and
Harvey Lippincott) : Texts pertaining to aeronautical history and develop-
ment, including several describing Pratt and Whitney engines.

VERVILLE, ALFRED, Washington, D. C.: A scrapbook of photographs associated
‘with the lender’s career as an aircraft designer from 1913 to the middle 1930's,
including many pertaining to Glenn Curtiss (loan).

VILLARD, HEeNRy, Washington, D. C.: Scrapbooks and contemporary pamphlets
pertaining to airships, airplanes, and air meets from the early 1900’s to the
latter 1920’s, most of the material related to the lender’s personal association
with air history.

WHEELER, Mrs. Hussarp, Washington, D. C.: Three photographs of the “Spirit
of St. Louis” made during Lindbergh’s landing at the Virgin Islands, January
31, 1928.

134 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

WILLIAMS, Mag. ALrorp (deceased), Elizabeth City, N. C.: A 3-view dimensioned
scale drawing of the Grumman “Gulfhawk-II’ airplane, which he flew during
the period 1936-48 and presented to the Museum.

Youncer, Dr. JoHN E., University Park, Md.: Texts pertaining to pressurization
of airplane cabins, particularly of the Lockheed XC-35, which was the subject
for the Robert J. Collier Trophy award for 1987. The donor was acclaimed
for his important developments in this field.

ACCESSIONS

Additions to the National Aeronautical collections received and re-
corded during the fiscal year 1958 total 193 specimens in 52 separate
accessions from 46 sources.

Those from Government departments are entered as transfers;
others were received as gifts except as noted.

AEROPRODUCTS OPERATIONS, ALLISON DIVISION, GENERAL Motors Corp., Dayton,
Ohio: An airplane propeller, 6-bladed, dual rotating, as used on the Allison
T-40 turboprop-engined “Tradewind’” Convair flying boat, and “Skyshark”
Douglas Navy fighter of 1955. (N. A. M. 966.)

AtR Force, DEPARTMENT OF THE, AIR ForcE MusEuM, Wright-Patterson Air
Base, Ohio: A series of 18 dioramas, illustrating the history of the U. S. Air
Force and associated units from 1907 to 1957 (loan). (N. A. M. 957.) PrEr-
SONNEL AND TRAINING RESEARCH CENTER, AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
COMMAND, Randolph Air Force Base, Tex.: A complete “line” of equipment
used by the U. 8S. Army Air Forces during World War II for the psychological
testing of flight personnel to determine mental reaction, muscular control, co-
ordination, and other factors associated with the operation of aircraft.
(N. A. M. 980.)

ALI-WOMAN TRANSCONTINENTAL AIR RACE, INc., Mrs. Kay Brick, Vick CHAIR-
MAN, Norwood, N. J.: Four display panels, with photographs of the winners
of this annual race, popularly known as “The Powder Puff Derby,” for the
years 1947-1957. (N. A. M. 995.)

BARGER, CADET MAJ. Ropert M., C. A. P., Peoria, Ill.: The Performance Data
plate from the Douglas C-124 Globemaster which was the first U. S. Air
Force plane to fly over the South Pole. The donor was aboard on this air-
drop mission, October 26, 1956. (N. A. M: 960.)

BreoH, Mrs. OLive ANN, Wichita, Kans.: A sculptured portrait in bronze of
the late Walter Beech, 1891-1950, cofounder of Beech Aircraft Corp., made
from life, by Bruce Moore; and a bronze medal, sculptured by Carl Paul
Jennewein, commemorating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Beech Air-
eraft Corp. (N. A. M. 956.)

BrecH AIRCRAFT Corp., Wichita, Kans.: A scale model, 1:16 size, of the
Beechcraft-17, stagger-wing 5-place cabin biplane of 1932. (N. A. M. 974.)

BELL AIRCRAFT CorP., Buffalo, N. Y.: A scale model, 1:16 size, of the Bell
X-1 first supersonic airplane, 1947, illustrating the award for 1947 of the
Robert J. Collier Trophy. (N. A. M. 952.) A scale model, 1:32 size, of
the Bell “Rascal” G. A. M._68, an air-to-surface guided missile in current use
by the U. S. Air Force. (N. A.M. 975.)

Boseess, R., Alexandria, Va.: Breeches and puttees of the donor’s U. S. Army
officer’s type uniform worn during World War I, and a 37-mm. cartridge
used with a German aircraft gun of that war. (N. A. M. 981.)

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 8

Statue of Gen. William Mitchell, unveiled December 17, 1957.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 135

Bucks County Scientirio Society, Morrisville, Pa. (through EB. L. Robinson,
Pres.) : A Bristol “Hercules” 14-cylinder, sleeve-valve, 2-row radial, air-cooled
aircraft engine, of 1,600 hp., made about 1941 by the Bristol Aeroplane Co.
of England. (N. A. M. 949.)

Cessna ArIRcRAFT Co., Wichita, Kans.: Four scale models, 1: 36 size, of aircraft
made by the donor: The “Airmaster’” 4-place high-wing single-engine mono-
plane of 1938; the “310” 5-place low-wing twin-engined monoplane of 1954; the
YH-41 2-place helicopter of 1954; and the “172” 4-place high-wing single-
engined monoplane of 1955. (N. A. M. 996.)

CLEVELAND, OHIO, DIVISION oF AIRPORTS (through Claude King, Commissioner
of Airports): An airport light, of the large ground-flooding type, used at
Cleveland Airport in the early 1920’s when that city became a stop on the
first transcontinental air mail and passenger route. (N. A. M. 961.)

CiinE, Capt. JosEPH, Coronado, Calif.: A U. S. naval aviator’s uniform coat,
worn by the donor in World War I. He was a member of the U. S. Navy
First Aeronautic Detachment, which was the first American offensive unit
to arrive in France, landing there June 7, 1917, and flying the first American
patrol, from Le Croisic, November 18, 1917. (N. A. M. 979.)

Convarr, A DIVISION OF GENERAL DYNamics CorpP., San Diego, Calif.: A scale
model, 1: 16 size, of the F-102A “Delta Dagger’ supersonic jet-powered inter-
ceptor, in current use by the U. S. Air Force. (N. A. M. 948.) Five scale
models, 1:16 and 1:48 size, of aircraft prominent in Convair history: The
Consolidated PT-1 “Trusty,” standard Army Air Corps trainer of 1924; the
Vultee SNV “Valiant” Navy and Army Air Force basic trainer of 1939; the
Consolidated PBY-5 “Catalina”? Navy patrol plane of World War II; the
Consolidated B-24 “Liberator” Army Air Force bomber of World War II;
and the Convair B-58 “Hustler” supersonic 4-jet delta-winged bomber which
is one of the most recent additions to the U. S. Air Force. (N. A. M. 983.)

CurrTiss-WricHt Corp., Wood-Ridge, N. J.: A scale model, 1:16 size, of the
Curtiss “Triad” of 1911, one of the earliest water-borne aircraft. This model
was made with precise detail by Frederick Howard of Denver, Colo. The
Department of the Navy, through Alfred Verville and A. O. Van Wyen, assisted
with research and helpful contacts. It is presented to the Museum in tribute
to Glenn H. Curtiss as founder of one of the units from which the donor
corporation wasformed. (N. A. M. 993.)

Dovueias AIRCRAFT Co., INc., Santa Monica, Calif.: A world globe, on which is
marked the route of the first flight around the world and to which are attached
scale models of the Douglas U. S. Army Air Service airplanes which accom-
plished that flight in 1924. This exhibit illustrates the award for that year
of the Robert J. Collier Trophy. (N. A. M. 954.) A scale model, 1: 72 size, of
the Douglas DC-8 Jetliner, 590-mile-per-hour transport, which is scheduled to
enter service on commercial airlines in 1959, and scale models of four Douglas-
made guided missiles: the Nike-Ajax, 20-foot-long surface-to-air weapon for
defense against enemy aircraft; the Nike-Hercules which is heavier and more
than twice the diameter of the Ajax, and equipped to carry a nuclear warhead
for similar defense; the Sparrow which was developed by the Navy and Sperry
Gyroscope Co., and made by Douglas under license for use in air-to-air combat ;
and the Honest John designed for Army tactical use to provide close fire support
for ground operations, surface-to-surface. (N. A. M. 997.)

Ecker, HerMan A., Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: Two aircraft engines, a Roberts
6-cylinder vertical in-line 2-cycle water-cooled engine, developing 75 hp.
at 1100 r. p. m.; used by the donor in his flying boat of 1912; and a Velie

479801—58——_10

136 © ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

M-5 5-cylinder radial air-cooled engine of 55 hp., produced in 1928 for light
airplanes. (N. A. M. 955.)

Evans, RicHArpD, Lathrop, Mo.: Aviation goggles without lenses, reported to
have belonged to Miss Amelia Harhart, 1929. (N. A. M. 967.)

FLEMING, Mrs. Margaret Hppy, La Jolla, Calif.: A collection of kites and related
material used by William A. Eddy of Bayonne, N. J., who was outstanding
in ‘the design, construction and use of kites for aerial photography, meteoro-
logical research, military signaling and other practical purposes during the
latter period of the nineteenth century. He was assisted in his experiments
by a grant from the Hodgkins Fund of ‘the Smithsonian Institution. (N. A. M.
982.)

GaTty, Mrs. Harorp, Suva, Fiji: A collection of notebooks, papers, and other
records used and acquired by Harold Gatty during his flight around the
world with Wiley Post in the Lockheed Vega airpiane ‘Winnie Mae,” June
23—July 1, 1931, when Mr. Gatty was navigator. (N. A.M. 973.)

GopDARD, Mrs. EstHER, Worcester, Mass.: A portrait of the late Dr. Robert H.
Goddard, 1882-1945, “Father of Rocketry,” painted in oils by Mrs. Emily
Burling Waite Manchester. (N. A. M. 970.)

HAMILTON, Epwarp G., Old Westbury, L. I., N. Y.: The donor’s original Flight
Log for the years 1922-1926, including the period in 1924 when he was test
flying Stout Air Pullman planes, in 1925 when he was pilot for the inaugural
run of the Ford Airlines, and in 1926 when he flew the first contract airmail
between Detroit, Cleveland, and Chicago. (N. A. M. 958.)

Herrick, Scott H., anp CorRNELL, Mrs. SuzANNE Herrick, New York, N. Y.:
The Herrick ‘Vertoplane” of 1937, and devices associated with the aero-
nautical experiments of the late Girard P. Herrick. This aircraft is an early
example of the types generally classed as convertoplanes which combine
the flight performance of airplanes with the vertical-lift, sustentation, and
descent characteristics of rotorcraft. In July 1937 this piloted aircraft ac-
complished what is believed to be the first midair conversion from fixed-wing
to rotary-wing flight. The associated devices received with this aircraft
include wind-tunnel models, control mechanisms, test models of rotors, and
instruments. The donors are the children of Mr. Herrick. The assistance of
Mrs. G. P. Herrick, Ralph McLarren, and John Glennon in obtaining this
material is gratefully acknowledged. (N. A. M. 994.)

Hugues Arrorart Co., Culver City, Calif.: A ‘Falcon’ GAR-1 guided missile,
mounted on a display panel having transparency illustrations of air-combat
methods, and a sound recording describing this missile, which is in current
use by U. S. Air Force interceptor planes, for air-to-air combat. The formal
presentation of this display was by Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona,
the Missile Manufacturing Division of the donor being in that State.
(N. A. M. 984.) ;

Katiin, Orro, New York, N. Y.: Six glider models made by Robert Kronfeld,
famous Austrian designer and pilot of high-performance sailplanes. He was
first to make a continuous glide for 100 kilometers, first to soar across the
Alps, and made notable intercity glides. These beautifully made models,
given to the donor who was a close friend, include the “Wien,” in which
Kronfeld established world records for motorless flight of 93.15 miles distance
and 7.084 feet altitude in 1929. He was killed while test piloting an English
military airplane, 1948. (N. A. M. 989.)

Lear, INc., Grand Rapids, Mich.: The Lear F-5 Electropilot equipment, devel-
oped by the donors to provide automatic flight control for high-performance
aircraft. Subject of the Robert J. Collier Trophy Award for 1949. (N. A. M.
950.)

SECRETARY’S REPORT 137

LocKHEED AIRcrRAFT Corp., Burbank, Calif. (through Washington, D. C., repre-
sentative) : Scale models, 1:48 size, of a Lockheed Q—5 drone, which is an
unmanned radio-guided aircraft in current use by the U. S. Air Force as a
supersonic missile target; and a Lockheed X~—7 research vehicle used as a
flying test bed for ramjet engines. (N. A.M. 978.)

Martin Co., THE, Baltimore, Md.: Two scale models of Martin pilotiess air-
craft in current use: The Air Force “Matador” TM-61B guided missile,
and the Navy “Vanguard” earth satellite vehicle. (N. A.M. 977.)

McCavtey, Ernest G., Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: Two 2-bladed metal propellers
for airplanes; production examples invented by the donor. One is of solid
steel and adjustable pitch with an airfoil of thin section to reduce weight
and of concave-convex shape to improve rigidity. Following a test by the
Army Air Corps in 1933 when this make of propeller improved the takeoff,
climb, and speed of a training plane, it was adopted by both the Army and
Navy, for use with trainers, and continued in use for 10 years. The other
propeller received, with the trade name MET-L-PROP, was developed in 1947
for use with light airplanes. It is of aluminum alloy, fixed pitch, forged
in one piece including the hub section. (N. A. M. 990.)

NaFE, Dr. JoHN ELLIoTT, Columbia University, Palisades, N. Y.: The cap and
gown worn by the late Robert Hutchings Goddard, “Father of Rocketry,”
when receiving his doctorate of physics at Clark University, 1912 (loan).
(N. A. M. 998.)

NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FoR AERONAUTICS, Langley Field, Va.: A Nike-
Cajun sounding rocket, the N. A. C. A. jet-supported platform which utilizes
a teetering rotor, the N. A. C. A. jet-supported platform which utilizes a jet
of compressed air, and an N. A. C. A. wing flow balance. (N. A. M. 963.)

NAvy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, Washington, D. C.: An enlarged photograph of
a De Havilland-4B airplane, one of the U. S. Air Force Service types flown
by Brig. Gen. William Mitchell in 1921. Hnlargement made from an Air
Force negative for exhibition with General Mitchell’s statue. (N. A. M.
968). <A full-size exterior duplicate of the “Vanguard” rocket-powered satel-
lite vehicle which on March 17, 1958, carried America’s second satellite into
orbit around the earth. This achievement by the U. 8. Navy, with the vehicle
manufactured by The Martin Company, followed about six weeks after the
U. S. Army’s “Jupiter” had carried America’s first satellite, the “Hxplorer,”
into orbit, and over 5 months after Russia had made the initial success.
This “Vanguard” was formally received for the National Air Museum by Dr.
Leonard Carmichael, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, from Rear Adm.
Rawson Bennett, Chief of Naval Research. The ceremony was held in the
rotunda of the Arts and Industries Building of the U. S. National Museum
where the top of the “Vanguard,” exhibited in launching position, reaches
72 feet in height. Near the floor beside the vehicle is shown a reproduction
of the 6-inch-diameter, 314-pound satellite which has been continuously
circling the earth since launched, and will probably continue to orbit for years
tocome. (N. A. M. 992.)

NEvVIN, Rosert §8., Denver, Colo.: A 1:16-size scale model of the Wright Com-
pany type “H” airplane of 1915; a 2-place, twin-pusher biplane, developed
as a weight carrier with a useful load of 1,000 pounds and speed of 56 mph.
Model constructed by Mr. Nevin (purchase). (N. A. M. 947.)

NEWsBURGH FREE AcADEMy, Newburgh, N. Y.: A LeRhone rotary engine, air
cooled; a type used in World War I. Its nine cylinders radiate from the
central crankcase and revolve like the spokes of a wheel. (N. A. M. 987.)

138 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

PARKER, WILLIAM D., Bartlesville, Okla.: An aircraft altimeter, of the Paulin
type, with level-flight indicator; used about 1930. (N. A. M. 953.)

PEASE, WarD, Winnetka, Ill.: A model airplane of the flying-stick, twin-pusher
rubberband-powered canard-monoplane type, made and flown by the donor in
1916. A sport competition of the Illinois Model Aero Club was won by this
model on May 24, 1916, when its longest flight was 4.423 feet. ( N. A. M. 972.)

PFEIFFER, REV. Ropert F., Richmond, Ind.: A communion service made from
aircraft parts by American “G. I.’s” stationed at the First Strategic Air
Depot, Honington, England, in 1948. All material used had been in combat.
The set consists of 200 cups of .50-caliber machinegun shells and silver plated ;
bread plates made from the tops of B-17 pistons; a cross formed from parts
of a damaged B-17; and candlesticks made from antiaircraft shells. The
donor was the Chaplain at that Depot. (N.A. M. 988.)

Post OFFICE DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C.: The Air Mail Flyers’ Medal of
Honor, authorized by Congress February 14, 1931, for presentation by the
President of the United States to pilots who perform distinguished service in
connection with airmail operations. Ten pilots have received it. The placing
of this medal in the National Aeronautical collections was one of the cere-
monies of the fortieth anniversary of the first continuously scheduled public
service airmail route, established May 15, 1918, between Washington, Phila-
delphia, and New York. At the anniversary ceremony, Dr. Leonard Car-
michael, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, received the medal for
the Museum from Deputy Postmaster General Edson G. Sessions. (N. A. M.
991.)

RICKENBACKER, CAPT. EpwWARD V., Hastern Air Lines, New York, N. Y.: A Verville-
Sperry “Messenger” airplane of 1920, designed by Alfred Verville, and manu-
factured by the Lawrence Sperry Aircraft Co. by order of Brig. Gen. William
Mitchell who realized that a “motorcycle of the air” was required for military
liaison Services; and a Pitcairn “Mailwing” of 1928, developed by Pitcairn
Aviation, Ine., for their use in operating Contract Air Mail Route No. 19
between New York and Atlanta, later absorbed by Hastern Air Lines. ‘Mail-
wings” were used also on other airmail routes of the 1920’s and early 1930's.
This example was Hastern Air Lines’ first airplane, and was obtained in later
years by a group of his employees who presented it to Capt. Rickenbacker as
amark ofesteem. (N. A. M. 959.)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C. (from Department of Arts and
Manufactures, U. S. N. M.).: A transparent conical nose section as made for
a Lockheed “Hudson” bomber of 1941, illustrating the use of the acrylic resin
“Plexiglas, manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co. of Philadelphia. (N. A. M.
986). (From the library): A scale model, 1:12 size, of an aircraft-control
device originated by James Means of Boston about 1910. (N. A. M. 951.)

STEPHENSON, GrEorGH H. (deceased), Philadelphia, Pa.: A bronze statue of Brig.
Gen. William Mitchell standing in his World War I uniform; sculptured 1%
times natural size by Bruce Moore. (N. A. M. 969.)

Toprine, Inc., Akron, Ohio (through William Topping, president) : Three scale
models of guided missiles in current use by U. S. Armed Forces: a Boeing
“Bomare”’ IM-99 Air Force ground-to-air pilotless interceptor; a Martin
Lacrosse Army surface-to-surface demolition weapon; and a Martin “Bull
Pup” Navy air-to-surface weapon, launched by attack planes against major
ship and ground targets. (N. A.M. 976.)

UNITED AIRCRAFT CoRP., PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT Division, East. Hartford,
Conn.: A Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp aircraft engine, type CB-16,
No. X-88, of 18 cylinders, 2-row radial, air cooled, rated 2,400 hp. at takeoff.
(N. A. M. 971.)

SECRETARY’S REPORT 139

WALDEN, Dr. HENRY W., New York, N. Y.: Scale models, 1: 16 size, of the Walden—
III and the Walden-IX, early American monoplanes, designed, built, and
flown 1909-11 by the donor, who also made these models; and a scale model,
1:8 size, of a guided missile, radio-controlled air-to-ground free-drop bomb
invented by himin1915. (N. A.M. 965.)

WEEKS, H. D., Des Moines, Iowa: Parts of a Wright Type “G’ flying boat,
originally constructed by the Wright Co. of Dayton, Ohio, 1914. Flown and
later modified by Ernest Hall. The parts include struts, wires, braces, and
the seat. (N. A. M. 964.)

WHITE, GEN. THOMAS D., Chief of Staff, U. S. Air Force, Washington, D. C.: A
framed letter from General White to Dr. Leonard Carmichael, Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, in reference to the use of the “Falcon” guided
missile as “the first operational air-to-air guided missile ... an effective deter-
rent to enemy air attack.” (N. A.M. 985.)

YounecER, Dr. JOHN E., University Park, Md.: The “Spirit of St. Louis” gold
medal, awarded to Professor Younger by the American Society of Mechanical
Hngineers, June 18, 1941, “for meritorious service in the advancement of
aeronautics . . . particularly in the conception, analysis, and supervision of
the development of the fundamental design principles, requirements and
criteria which first assured the success of the pressure-cabin type of high-
altitude airplane.” (N. A. M. 962.)

Respectfully submitted.
Pure 8. Horxins, Director.

Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the National Zoological Park

Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities
of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958.

EXHIBITS

A complete animal exhibit is one in which the animals are kept in
secure surroundings that satisfy the requirements of the animal, is
esthetically pleasing to the public, and contributes to an increased
knowledge of the animals and their behavior. This is the goal of the
National Zoological Park.

During the year the collection has been balanced and adjusted.
Progress is being made toward exhibiting more North American
fauna, while not neglecting the display of exotic species.

The year’s most important zoological event at the Park and perhaps
in any zoo in the United States was the conception and birth on May 18,
1958, of a snow-leopard kitten. Never before has there been a birth of
this rare and beautiful leopard in the Western Hemisphere, and the
records indicate that only five kindlings are known in the worldwide
history of zoos. So far as can be ascertained, there have been only two
kittens successfully reared. The kitten, a female, was abandoned by its
mother after 24 hours and has been hand-reared by Zoo personnel.
The first six weeks of its life were extremely critical, requiring almost
constant attention. After a great deal of uncertainty and suspense, it
is now apparently healthily established and vigorously growing.

A new program was instituted for training the elephants. A pro-
fessional elephant man, Roger MacDonald, was hired as a keeper, and
he has been teaching the two 10-year-old Indian elephants, Ashoka
and Shanti, and the two little elephants, Nancy, an African, and Dixie,
an Asiatic, to obey commands. The ends of the tusks of Ashoka, the
male Indian, were growing so close together that it was beginning to
be difficult for him to raise his trunk or feed himself. Rather than
saw off the tusks, Mr. MacDonald fashioned a set of braces which are
correcting the defect.

The Siberian crane, Grus leucogeranus, celebrated its 52d birthday
in the Park shortly before the close of the fiscal year. As far as is
known, this constitutes a longevity record for cranes in captivity. The
rare female Mongolian wild horse has also achieved a longevity record
for its species of 32 years.

140

SECRETARY'S REPORT 141

GIFTS

The Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior
has continued to cooperate in the procurement of desirable species of
North American birds and animals. Outstanding among accessions
this year are a pair of trumpter swans on deposit here. These beauti-
ful North American birds had almost vanished a few years ago, but by
careful management on the part of the Department of the Interior they
have been saved from extinction. These two were collected by Winston
EK. Banko in the Red Rock Lakes National Waterfowl Refuge in west-
ern Montana. Other stations of the Fish and Wildlife Service have
sent the Zoo four woodcock, a bald eagle, an osprey, and numerous
species of wild ducks.

Through the Animal and Bird Protection Board of Hobart, Tas-
mania, three Tasmanian devils .were obtained. They had not been
shown in this collection for many years.

The Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium, sent the Zoo
a fine pair of great black-casqued hornbills. These were formally
presented by Baron Leopold Dhanis of the Belgian Embassy on
January 16, 1958.

Jack Marks, director of the Portland, Oreg., Zoo, in cooperation
with the U. S. Navy, Operation Deepfreeze, brought back a number
of Adelie penguins. Some of them went to the zoos in Portland,
Oreg., San Diego, Calif., and New York, N. Y., and 12 were brought
to the National Zoological Park and Johns Hopkins University.
These birds are being studied by specialists in aspergillosis, the
fungus disease that attacks penguins and other birds. The U. S.
Navy also obtained for the Zoo a group of albatrosses of two species,
Diomedea nigripes and D. immutabilis, but unfortunately the birds
did not survive, the longest that any one lived being three months.

The U. S. Army, 6th Infantry Division, stationed in Berlin, Ger-
many, sent the Zoo a European brown bear that had been given them
as a mascot by the citizens of Berlin on Armed Forces Day, 1957.
The new recruit was so successful in his placement as mascot that
he was soon promoted to private first class. Later he did what many
soldiers have wanted to do—bit the first sergeant. He was imme-
diately demoted to private, and in consequence thereof a short time
later he went AWOL, causing great consternation in the regiment
and in the city of Berlin. Despite his seemingly erratic Army career,
he has been discharged honorably from the United States Army and
is now enjoying his civilian life at the National Zoological Park.
“Teddy” was formally presented by the Honorable Dewey Short,
Assistant Secretary of the Army; representing the West German
Republic was Brig. Gen. Wolf Dietrich Von Steinmetz; and Dr.

142 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Leonard Carmichael accepted for the Smithsonian Institution and
the National Zoological Park. The bear’s cage is appropriately
decorated with the seal of the Sixth Infantry and the seal of Berlin.

The Zoo is fortunate in having among its friends members of the
Armed Forces who, when stationed abroad, are always on the lookout
for rare and interesting animals. Dr. Robert E. Kuntz, of the Navy
Medical Research Unit in Taipei, Taiwan, sent a number of speci-
mens including an eared pangolin, which, although it seemed to be
doing well, lived only four months. Lt. Col. Robert Traub, stationed
in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, sent a linsang (Prionodon linsang), a
species never before exhibited in this collection, as well as a number
of particularly interesting reptiles. Other animals collected by these

men are included in the following list of gifts of special interest:

Animal Shop, Norfolk, Va., canebrake
rattlesnake, copperhead, water moc-
easin.

Badgley, Eugene, District Heights,
Md., albino weasel.

Cahill, Carl B., Washington, D. C., 3
masked lovebirds.

Child, Mrs. William S., Falls Church,
Va., tovi parakeet.

Dawkins, H. C., Entebbe, Uganda,
black-and-white casqued hornbill.

DePrato, Mario, Langley Park, Md.,
black racer, brown water snake,
common king snake, red-bellied
water snake, 2 rainbow snakes, 3
water moccasins, 2 _ blue-tailed
skinks, brown skink.

duPont, Irénée, Wilmington, Del., 2
Cuban tree boas.

Hafer, F. L., Arlington, Va., collec-
tion of tropical fish.

Hecht Co., through §. Haken, dis-
play manager, Washington, D. C.,
11 ring-necked doves, 10 fan-tailed
pigeons, peacock, golden pheasant.

Hoogstral, Dr. Harry, U. S. Naval
Medical Research Unit #8, Cairo,
Egypt, 2 hedgehogs, 18 jerboas, 25
gerbils.

Hubbell, Mrs. Robert L., Falls Church,
Va., Mexican double yellow-headed
parrot.

Kilham, Dr. Lawrence, Bethesda, Md.,
2 hand-reared flickers.

Kuntz, Dr. Robert E., Taipei, Taiwan,
3 Chinese vipers, 10 rat snakes,

racer, pangolin, 3 monkeys, 6 squir-
rels, Formosan masked civet, 6
Formosan cobras, sea snake, 3 Habu
snakes, 3 Russell’s vipers, 6 kraits,
Formosan rat snake, Swinhoe’s
pheasant, 2 quail, Formosan red-
billed pie, 2 Formosan flying squir-
rels, 11 palm vipers, 11 Europholis.

Magens, Dr. Hans, Okinawa, 8 Habu
snakes, 2 Asian moccasins.

McGuire, L. S., Falls Church, Va.,
cockatiel.

National Capital Parks, Great Falls,
Md., copperhead, queen snake, pilot
black snake, water snake, wood
turtle, red-bellied water turtle.

New York Zoological Park, New York,
N. Y., 4 baby king cobras, born in
their collection.

Nye, Alva, McLean, Va., golden eagle.

Owen, Roger L., Mount Rainier, Md.,
red-fronted parrot.

Phelps, C. F., Game and Inland Fish-
eries, Richmond, Va., 3 wild tur-
keys.

Safeway Warehouse, Washington,
D. C., emperor boa, tropical king
snake.

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals, Richmond, Va., Cuban
flamingo.

Thorington, David W., Richmond,
Va., margay cat.

Townsend, Dr. W. C., Washington,
D. C., 2 boa constrictors, green tree
boa, rainbow boa.

SECRETARY’S

Traub, Lt. Col. Robert, Kuala Lum-
pur, Malaya, linsang, twin-barred
tree snake, 2 Pope’s vipers, pit vi-
per, Malayan racer, blue Malayan
coral snake, 2 regal pythons, grass-
green whipsnake, 4 giant geckos, 4
forest lizards, 2 skinks.

Urlass, H. M., Bangkok, Thailand,
leopard.

Welch, Mrs. A. L., Washington, D. C.,
collection of tropical fish.

REPORT 143

Williams, Mrs. Fred A., Washington,
D. C., red and blue macaw.

Xanten, William Jr., Washington,
D. C., chicken snake, 2 Florida king
snakes, corn snake, 4 garter snakes,
ribbon snake, 2 Florida water
snakes, green water snake, scarlet
king snake, 4 skinks, eastern dia-
mond-backed rattlesnake, 2 Florida
water terrapins, musk turtle.

PURCHASES

Included among animals acquired from dealers this year were three
species of African sunbirds, a bataleur eagle, a pair of Argus pheas-
ants, a Cape monitor, a large Indian monitor, a young Brazilian tapir,
eight quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) from the Perth (Australia)
Zoological Gardens, a white-headed piping guan, 2 nocturnal curas-
sows, 2 gray hornbills, 2 little black woodpeckers, 2 female red deer,
2 forest falcons, a chimango, and an olingo.

EXCHANGES

Animals were obtained by exchanges made with the following

ZOOS :

Calgary Zoological Park, Calgary, Al- ~

berta, Swainson’s hawk, 2 Steller’s
jays, 4 evening grosbeaks.

Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, Ohio,
eland, 2 jaguars, a Queen of Ba-
varia conure.

Crandon Park Zoo, Miami, Fla., 2
vulturine guineafowl, 2 tree ducks,
ocellated turkey.

Edmonton Zoological Society, Hdmon,

ton, Alberta, 4 snowy owls, 2 wol-
verines.

Houston Zoo, Houston, Tex., western
rattlesnakes, copperheads, and oth-
er reptiles.

San Diego Zoological Society, San
Diego, Calif., Uta lizards.

Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Wash.,
2 band-tailed pigeons, 2 magpies, 2
Steller’s jays.

BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS

The snow leopard, previously referred to, is the outstanding birth
of the year. A gibbon hybrid, offspring of another hybrid, was born
on January 6, 1958, and is being raised at home by Keeper Herbert R.
Stroman. Vicky Jean, the black-faced chimpanzee born on June 20,
1957, has become one of the Zoo’s most popular exhibits. She now
spends most of each day in her cage but is still taken home at night
by Bernard Gallagher, the keeper who raised her.

Because of their curious life history, the hatching of Surinam toads
in captivity is always of interest. One of the Zoo’s females laid eggs,
the male carefully embedded them in her back, and 30 little toads
eventually hatched.

144 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

A new incubator and brooding pens have been installed in the bird
house. Intensive efforts are being made to incubate eggs laid at the
Zoo.

One of the signs that an animal is doing well in captivity is its
ability to reproduce its kind and, as the following list shows, the num-
ber of mammals, birds, and reptiles born in the National Zoological
Park during the year is gratifying :

MAMMALS
Scientific name Common name Number
ACOMUYSICGIUT LIS Set ee ee Egyptian spiny mouse___________ 5
Ammotragusilerviags 2220855 se ae Nou dad bate ic 5 4
AmCadeDressiconnis=p sean e eens Anoajee 32 oaio 2 es eee 1
Ati ac DOULA iOS Use a= Sennen eee ae Water:civeteih: i. 5_ i: isin eee eee 1
Bibosigaurus. 12. 32) Ef eee Te Gaur SUPE pels yep as eee 1
BAG ae he Highland cattle. .--_.-___-_ 2
RON SEE Seat Oy British Park cattle:..) 2) ence ea
COP TES ES 0 UNS Ba ae aT ly Oe Capuchin. monkey 24242 se 1
Cercopithecus cephus: 225) 32. eek Mustached guenon__--__________ i
Cercopithecus) neglects. #242 a7 a 4a DeBrazza’s guenon__-__________- 1
Cervusi canadensis! =) 42202 Sasa American! elkiiiii) 23 _ |) ge eee 1
Cenmisvelaphissea aaa mse aaa ae naa Red deer si 2/954 Ee 1
Cenvussnip pons Sas a eee ae pee Sikaydeer = 22.540 22 ee 2
Choloenusididactylusees Wana wean T wo-toed:sloth. 22.2) “ae 1
Rh ee ee aes fallow’ deer?_ 22217. SUsaite 1
i PReSa TMU a eins Meat ea et Sa White fallow deer____--__---_._.: 4
Equus, burchelleibochmia = sue eas Grant's, zebras. 2. 2202 ae i
HielysiCOnCOLG TELS (Mey R ce cae ap Ur yuet 1 SVG 2 ik Aenea iA ae gn eh ie 0 2 3
PCL Se DOR US ome ae eye eras, apes tae aa Black leopard 2-2." 722 sae epee 2
D SATIS TR a Bis aa ie AL ih ul. tice Snow leopardee 4) | 22 = ee eee 2
Hylobates agilis X H. lar pileatus X H. Hybrid gibbon__________________ 1
lar.
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus__-—--_---- Rat kangaroo. 22 4s see eee 2
La Stig AQalecta, = ayes eae ae eee nen ae African porcupine =. =) 22a 2
SOCUIALS SF CETUS snare oleate enn ee cine Ue JErDOa 22202 th se aaa ea nae 4
Ea Gla Se ene k,n Neer SFU WB Ech oc: apm cea nes Se 5
EO MG-DGCOS hee hae Pepa Glage cena ET AEE! Alpacas 3 it 2G Shea eee area 1
WGC VS GAO Soe = Lo ee Great gray kangaroo______-_-.._- 1
IVIGCOCONSENTCO sete Het Niac ie ie eee ames Bonnet macaque._ = 2272s 1
Macacn suylvantsecwe sun eee Barbary ape.) .o\ 02> eee 2
UN(GSU Gs TUATUC ee tame al eee epee ae es Coatimundii2 222.025" See 4
Odocotleus virginianius- 2922 Virginia deer 20" 3) 2 ae 1
Paurotraqus oryou es 1s) Oe ey Bland ii0_2. s10 Ouse. sO W SUaiehs 1
Thalarctos maritimus < Ursus midden- Hybrid bear (2d genera ion) _____- 2
dor ffi.
Orsus Norrcbalas ike iia li i memes ici ime Grizzly (bear. 423 0 2 sa ae 2
BIRDS
BRON CANON CI Stam sete cnt ey einn nih Canada’ goose! 2)" 7 eee 4
Golumba livia sss es es Oe eae Homing pigeon] 222) &: sree 5
Cygnus cygnust sae ses AA mel ae Whooping) swan 2 is 445s. ain 2
Dendronessa galericulata_____________ Mandarin duck. 2.12... 18

SECRETARY’S REPORT 145

BIRDS—Continued

Scientific name Common name Number
FAS ONO See Se chi He. SST IR Redtjunglefowl-= 25 222425522) 5
Melopsitiacus undulatus_____-_------- Grass parakeet.ata acy: Sine ac 2 12
VME CON UIZUVOTE. ee a ee Ja Vaninche eerie tee en. okie tinea 5
PAOORCEISLOLUSIO en M EASE (O98 (ap aa ia ee 4

REPTILES
PAMEISIFGOMON CONtOTIIL — 2 Copperhead tas attain A alncnie Ciel 13
Chamaeleon bitaeniatus hoehneli______- Attra nl chiar el eo ris aeeaa semana 14
Whelydra serpentina = 2 SHappines turtles 7 ae enna eames 8
Oinusemust pClass See ses w= n= Maney) Painted CuEtless easy eee: 20
IpEChates ONGUItiErss 8 Cubanvtree boas 2 ean 3
ETN ECESHPASCIOLUS@ 32 net) USES t Blue-tailed skink________2_______ 4
Mabuya multifasciata____.__________- ho 'e bal Sensual Ml AML Le 8
Natriz septemvittata_____.__________- Queen'snakes 222 star See 6
LP OPER. FSF ET eae wa gp Oe as NN le PSUS UAT VON TORE ly ok 30
SCLC USISChUDIG ee Ue Red=lined: turtles aos Mens 53
SCELOPOTUsS Unaulatus. 2 eee Pine lizard] sean sae 9
Herapene Carona. 2. 2 ae Ne Boxe turtle Ya Sst entre 759 nee AA 8
FISH

Tanichthys albonubes____________-__- White Cloud Mountain fish_______ 5

The total number of accessions for the year was 1,411. This in-
cludes gifts, purchases, exchanges, deposits, births, and hatchings.
A determined effort was made this year to accept as gifts, purchases,
or exchanges only those animals that fit into the long-range exhibition
plans of the National Zoological Park.

The collection has fewer individuals listed this year because many
Species were felt to have an excessive number of individuals and have
been adjusted to a more reasonable number in relation to the over-all
collection, thus providing a more balanced exhibition. Several minor
species which are best displayed: in large numbers do not have an
individual count, merely being listed as ‘‘many.”

STATUS OF THE COLLECTION

Class Orders Families | Species or |Individuals
subspecies

Mirani spy ye ee 13 50 214 634
FES 17; Gl SRN SMD ago 20 67 304 889
TREF OAT SS) A Ne CN ee a 4 23 155 555
Amapinibiange 26) Be 2 11 23 124
TERA a 22S aa A 5 11 23 75
PNGCNTODOGS ss tes wy as 4 5 5 39
MICS RSS A Se a 1 1 1 Many

146

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION ON JUNE 30, 1958

MAMMALS
MONOTREMATA
Scientific name Common name Number

Tachyglossidae:

Tachyglossus aculeatus____--------- Echidna, or spiny anteater_______- 1

MARSUPIALIA

Didelphiidae:

Didelphis marsupialis virgintana_.__. Opossum_--_------__- 2522772220 1
Dasyuridae:

Sarcophilus hariwsw se ee Tasmanian devil] 3225 see eee 3
Phalangeridae:

Tr VENGSINILS: UAH DECULO = 2 hee ye Vulpine opossum__________-___--- 1

Petaurus norfolcensts= 25. 4 2 Lesser flying phalanger__________- 3
Phascolomidae:

Lasiorhinus latifrons_.._---------- Hairy-nosed wombat______------- 2

Wombats hirsitisme: eee Mainland wombat .2 5222222 eas 1
Macropodidae:

IVC COD USHTULTILS Se ee Red kangaroo...) eee 1

Macropus giganteus_..------------ Gray, kangaroo. 2227522 2

Hypstprymnodon moschatus - - - ----- Rat kangaroo 2225: 2). 8

INSECTIVORA

Erinaceidae:

Erinaceus europaeus___------------ European hedgehog____________-_- 1
Soricidae:

Blarina brevicauda= 22220 2s Short-tailed shrew________-_--__. 1

PRIMATES

Lemuridae:

EL CMUTNMONGOS os ee a ee aa Mongooz lemurs. 252) ieee 1
Lorisidae:

Nyctcebusicoucang» == 2") aaa a Slow loris.. 2:3 325) DAR eee 2

Galago crassicaudatus__________-__- Thick-tailed galago______________ 4

Galago senegalensis_______-___-__-- Bushbaby or night-ape_______-__-- 2
Cebidae:

AOtUs triuirgaliuse ae en enna em Night monkey2 == ==22 23s sae 5

Cacajao rubicundus. = (anes ss Red uakari- 5.21. 43a eee 1

Cebus nigriittatuste = 2s see wees Brown capuchin monkey --_-_-_-_-__-- 3

Cebus albifrons=-2 = = White-throated capuchin--________ 3

SOOO RE COOHIGUIS 5 AE BUEN eh Squirrelimonkey2 22-522 oo ae 5

Ateles fusciceps robustus_____-____- Colombian black spider monkey___ 2

Ateles geoffroyi geoffroyt or griscesens. Spider monkey___--_--------_--- 2

Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus__________- Spider monkey2*=222"22=ee=seee 2

Lagothriz pygmaea___________- io Woolly“monkey 22 2524 seas 2
Callithricidae:

HECONLOCEOUS) 7.08) UU eee ae ea Golden lion tamarin___________-_- 1

SQQUIRUS NUGriGDllis == =a ee Black-and-red tamarin _________-_- 4
Cercopithecidae:

Macaca sinicasma = 5422 nei) a ees Toque or bonnet monkey___---_-- 3

Macaca nemestrina=22 "25 22) ath Pig-tailed monkey___..__-_------ 1

SECRETARY’S REPORT

MAMMALS—Continued

PRIMATES—continued

Scientific name
Cercopithecidae—Continued
Macaca philippinensis________--_---
Macaca mulatta___._.____----------
Mioacacalastotis sie wes sishat die
IMiaeacd\cyclopist setts eam ps
Macaca speciosa__--____-________-
Macaca syluanus___--_____---____-
Macaca maurus__...---_------___-
Allenopithecus nigroviridis_________-
Cercocebus albigena____-________-_-
Cercocebus aterrimus._-_2-_-_-__---_
Cercocebus aterrimus opdenboschii_ _ _
Cercocebus galeritus agilis_________-
Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster_____
Cercocebus torquatus torquatus_______
Cercocebus fuliginosus____________-
Mandrillus sphinx. __.--_________-
Papio comatus_.._-____.___-_------
Papio cynocephalus___________-_-_-
Papio hamadryas__.-----___--___-
Theropithecus gelada______________-
Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus___
Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus_____-
Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus X C. a.
pygerythrus.
Cercopithecus cephus__-__--_____-_-
Cercopithecus diana_____-____----_-
Cercopithecus diana roloway__--_-_--
Cercopithecus Vhoesti preusst_______-
Cercopithecus neglectus_...____-___-
Cercopithecus nictitans____----_-_--
Cercopithecus nictitans petaurista____
Presbytis phayrei_.___-------_-_--_-
Pongidae:
nlabates hoolock2= Beaker ey tise
Hylobates lan. oo
Hylobates moloch____-_-_-------_--
Hylobates agilis X H. lar pileatus_ = _
Hylobates agilis X H. lar pileatus X
H. lar.
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus_--------
Pongo pygmaeus abelit_________-_---

Common name

Philippine macaque______________
Rhesus monkeys 222.0 Wega oie
Chinese macaque________________
Formosan monkey______________-
Red-faced macaque_____________-
Barbary apes2..2 22 Skoadpay aeew)
Moor, macaque: piensa iene
Allen’s: monkey __-_ 2 sesso aks
Gray-cheeked mangabey -__. ______
Black-crested mangabey__________
Crested mangabey_._____________
Agile mangabey__2-____________-
Golden-bellied mangabey_________
Red-crowned mangabey__________
nooty mangabeye 2 =.=). 1 Wenak
Miata drei] Pg sah ape ay eengnea

Hamadryas baboon______________
Gelada: baboons!) 24020) saat
Vervet guenon__________________
Green guenon = 2 osu iysiwasie) aan
Hybrid, green guenon X _ vervet
guenon.
Moustached monkey_____________
Diana monkey = 222222 es
Roloway monkey_.-________-____
Ibreussics: SUenOn 5222 ee eae
DeBrazza’s guenon______________
White-nosed guenon_____________
Lesser white-nosed guenon_______-
Spectacled langur______________--

TRO OLOC kn 8 52s A ene ae
White-handed gibbon__________-_-
Wau-wau gibbon________2--- +++
Hy bridigibbon 22-2 2aiten ijkeanes
ISK! elon oe

Sumatran orangutan_____________
Bornean orangutan___________-_--

ZOTESOLUT Smee were ime 2 bie Ps Chimpanzees. [ions rear
Gorilla-gorilla.. +... Nsole baat Gorilla so So ea arse iho
LAGOMORPHA
Leporidae:
Sylvilagus floridanus__-_---------- Cottontvalirabbit== seen ee

Oryctolagus cuniculus..__----------

Domestie or European rabbit _. __-

147

NWR HE ENE EP RNP EN WENNOHPWHEWH

a OC — a al oS

— et et Op ee

to Pe b

148

Scientific name
Sciuridae:

Sciurus carolinensis __-__-
Sciurus niger____-------
Ratufa indica____------
Callosciurus erythraeus__-
Callosciurus caniceps--__-
Marmota monaz____--_-
Cynomys ludovicianus _ _ -
Tamias striatus___-----_
Petaurista grandis__2__ ~~
Glaucomys volans volans__

Cricetidae:

Nyctomys sumichrasti___-
Mesocricetus auratus __ __
Meriones unguiculatus___

Muridae:

Acomys cahirinus___--~-
Phloeomys cumingit.-___

Gliridae:

Graphiurus murinus_--_-

Dipodidae:

Jaculus jaculus.--_-
Allactaga tetradactyla____

Hystricidae:

Acanthion brachyura__ _-
Hystriz galeata__-___-__

Erethizontidae:

Coendou prehensilis_____

Caviidae:

Cama porcellus___..-__-

Dasyproctidae:

Cuniculus paca___.---_-
Dasyprocta punctata_____

Chinchillidae:

Lagidium viscaccia____ ~~
Chinchilla chinchilla_____

Capromyidae:

Myocastor coypus___--~-

Myrmecophagidae:
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Bradypodidae:

Choloepus didactylus____-

Dasypodidae:

Dasypus novemcinctus _ __

ANNUAL REPORT. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

1958

MAMMALS—Continued

RODENTIA

Common name Number
igilestolepeyh ira Gray squirrel, albino____________. 1
Lenovo, si tpaiayl Fox isquirrel 2 i)- 0) eye ekep ane 1
Zp Vea Mees ign U a Giant Indian squirrel_________-._ 1
ih pemaeae Formosan tree squirrel___________ 5
Hitt Fan wits Asiatic forest squirrel__-______.._ 4
Larne ay ae p a A Ground=hog.. 0002) sea ier eT
PAL OUR ya ey Prairie-dog__.__._._. 2s ee ae BA DG
Bree oo tel Eastern chipmunk, albino________ 1
ed qrselsy. sr Formosan flying squirrel__________ 1
Lopes Anh nec! Eastern flying squirrel._____-____ 21
faoipyes alin Vesper rat___asiion_zwinsalan gedaan?
bail Lave ope by Tp Hamsterteiy scion ai twa nase on NG
asians) biti Mongolian: gerbil 4:22.55 2 baa 2
LB ad Egyptian spiny mouse___-_._____. 43
wid poiapel Slender-tailed cloud rat____.___.. 5
iS i wane African dormouse__. 2253288 Woe 5
Ae faye Jerboaid yesous consien ssa diee eT
Ap eh Ny ails da you Four-toed jerboa____.__2-2-_2._.» 9
AE Cys Malay. porcupine#_—_-_sj2eeweies
Jeg African porcupine 2=ie2: Saseke aay y 7
Leas late syd ds Prehensile-tailed porcupine______- 1
3 ela wee a Guinea-pig. __ out elves senate S
ie bpiug Weazie Pacascieiatatue le natin a ien ec aguR 1
af Sintivndagy Speckled agouti_ == _ 344550 setae
uae a lnpey yap. Peruvian viscaccia_________.2+___ 1
abel lp) Chinchilla. 2003 0 se BQ SD
sgh fay yeaa Coypue stig: cal Wy ies eae

EDENTATA

pAb. panera es Giant anteater, = jst s4sa=euue Bake 2
PaO 25 L142 Two-toed sloth-____--- SW waeseteiay 4
SUR ana Nine-banded armadillo____.____.___ 1

SECRETARY'S REPORT 149

MAMMALS—Continued
CARNIVORA
Scientific name Common name Number
Canidae:
Canis aniarcticus—= 22 =-20.-22 0022 Dingos so --245-=2-R0ReR nononr il
Camsihipus nubilis 708s Beet 8 Timber wolf. OL Pay Binur Bela 4
Canis niger rufus 2-222 -5/OSIUI US Rediwolfs 2 -22---- ayant aeheis & 1
Warnes fulva=SSOUenols VATA Maomee Red foxs: 2522 7 Oawatas Paese ya) 2
Wrelpes: fuUled cress 2 kn OVI NOSE FL Platinum fox. =. ie ese 3
Mennecus. zerd@_ 200) DOVES IC at Rénnec-foxss 5 2S SoT AS 2
Urocyon cinereoargenteus__--------- Gray fox 120322. = ee BOteose: 1
Nyctereutes procyonoides_______-_--- Raccoon-dog-=2 at Pw sean) 6
PCOLMOS VENaLICUs. 2242 Bush'dog22) 22220) 0 2 ees 2
whycaon pictus 2 = 2 PO Dediows African, or Cape, hunting dog____-_ 2
Otocyon megalotis___.___----------- Big-eared-fox i. =.= )228U8 wan 4
Ursidae:
Tremarctos ornatus___------------- Spectacled bear____.-0 LL 222-2. 1
Selenarctos thibetanus___...-------- Himalayan black bear____________ 2
Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus _ _ — -- Japanese black bear______________ 1
Selenarctos thibetanus ussuricus____-- Korean black bear___---_________ 2
HEuarctos americanus_.___----------~- American black bear____________- 2
WsusiSpee se ee SU Alaskan brown bear______________ 1
Ursustanct0s 2452 = 2-20. See European brown bear_____-___-_- 4
Ursus arctos occidentalis______--_-=-- Iranian brown bear__-___________ 2
Wr sustgyas 22-22 a eee eee EO Alaskan Peninsula bear___________ 2
Wrsusvhormbtlis—- = = 22S Doel Grizzly sbeareste is Uae Pon eat 2
Wrsusssukensis- os == ae cee UL Sitka brown bear_-__._.-.-___-_- 2
Thalarctos maritimus_...---------- Polar -bears=#22222 22222 eS aes 1
Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus mid- Hybrid bear____-__------------_- 4
dendor fii.
Helarctos malayanus____----------- Malay sun bear2- 822-22 Ye esse 3
Procyonidae:
PSOSSGTISCUS GSUULUS 122 22 2 252 2 ee Ringtail, or cacomistle_______----- 1
Procyon wlotor. = sek ees RAC COOH ON Niais sme Wile ieee Lee 5
INGSIMOSUG. ooo teal e ee Redvcoatimundina. a. ee eee 2
INES IMNTUUT TCA Se i ee eae SS Costimund caer ne aes os eee 8
LZ OLOSELANI SMe enw in ew eee, | Kinkaoue. 92 So woe Si eee 3
BUSSOTICHON Ga00t. 2. 2 Olingoressss Wis ee ees 2
Mustelidae:
MVIGESIE ME TEN QU ecm Ye astern weasel. -02)0. (S28 Sees 2
Mustela eversmanni______---------- Herretwalbinos 4 6 vu as ae ees Sees 1
TTOMUOTUGT Gee eee oes Se Payra oo S 568 oe ae 1
Galictisioitiata 02 ae bet oS Grisone eR See ae cee ere 1
MG ATT OMUUS CUS ey hs Bi ps OP Wolverines) 3]: osu Soe. a eee 1
WMenhitis mephitis 2222-5 2 @ommoneskumkesepen ea eee eee 1
Spilogale gracilis phenax_.__-------- California spotted skunk__-------- 1
WET ANCINETEG ae iL ye yk African small-clawed otter_-_-_------ 1
Pteronura brasiliensts____.-__------ South American flat-tailed otter___ 1
Viverridae:
Genetta genetta neumanit_____------ Creme Ge Se aS ed hy ea 4
Viverra tangalunga___--_---------- Ground civet_ce ws Ses se 1

150 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

MAM MALS—Continued
CARNIVORA—continued
Scientific name Common name Number
Viverridae—Continued
iPrionodon linsang. =" 222s eee es Linsang. 1.2 oo ee 1
Paguma larvata taivana____-------- Formosan masked civet or kitsume_ 2
Arcirctisibintunongs =) ie eee Binturong.2 0 5.028 ee 1
Herpestes ichneumon___.----------- African gray mongoose__..._-_-_- 2
Atilaz paludinosus_- = 2 sees Water civet_.. 2S... 2 ae 4
Ichneumia albicauda.___----------- White-tailed civet__.__.__________-- 1
Cryptoproctidae:
Cryptoprocta feroe 2225 ae as Fossa. = 22 2. os Wea i
Hyaenida:
Crocuta crocuta germinans__-------- Spotted hyenas! 2) 022226 sue 2
Hyaena hyaenas. 2-22) San ae Striped hyena.._ -_ 243 e eee 2
Felidae:
Lynz canadensis: 22. seas e Ibynx 22 ob ea i
Pyne rupus ens olay Gea tb lye thes wee hh Bobcat... 0. 2544 Ae 2
Feltsichaus. 22 4534) tenet aie wet Jungle; cateceu2 ao 5s eee 2
Melis: sernogl. 2 i. 2 cyt hy hd es ee Serval cats. -4+ =. 2+, see ee 1
Felts pajaros ss | eyct fet ene et Pampas Cate 20. iu eee il
Kelispardalis2 | ins) aes oy se OR) Ocelot.) Uo ee 3
Melis wiedi tignind’ 22a ee Margay cat... - 2 55 eee 3
Melisiconcolor! 22 ou a2 8 oe aah epee Puma.- 2.2 24 toe 7
: Leopard... 22) 2) oe ee ee 4
He LAR es age er Eerie ee leopard: .2 2 Ss yaes a eee 2
Beles leo 25 owl bh ee ae eho ion. 2222 Ds ee 6
Beles tignis= ie a2) eee aD Bengal tiger 5_ i...) 1 se 3
Melisioncas:3 22 3200). L Uae JASZUAT ASE 6k i Lee 2
JAWS: OW (O11 a A a Up See NIN a Snow leopard_.-.--2 ee eee 3
ACINON YE JUDOLG. Se ne apie ee tla Cheetah: 232 512 2
PINNIPEDIA
Otariidae:
Zalophus californianus_.__.-------- Seaqlion . 002 220 Se i a Pe
Otanvaxflavescens >) 25. Baas ea ere Patagonian sea-lion___-_-_-----__- 2
TUBULIDENTATA
Orycteropodidae:
Onycteropus afer on oe es eae Aardvark... 00 3 See 1
PROBOSCIDEA
Elephantidae:
Loxedonta africana-= 2-222 22-022 African elephant= .=.-U2252 3252 1
Elephas maximus. __-_.- 2122220. Indian elephant-=_2~—-2 2422008 3
PERISSODACTYLA
Equidae:
Equus przewalskit__-.....1 22 Mongolian wild horse__-.-------- 1
Equus ktange me eae eke ae ie Asiatic wild ass, or kiang_-___---- 1
Equusiasinus @ 22-2 anand Burro, or donkey. 4 55428 SA 1
Equus burchelli boehmi_____________ Grant’s zebra. __ j222\ea 55) shee 5
ES UALSY GED 1) eure a tech ets ae CSUN ap eta Grevy’s: zebras. 2.02 50)22 i ene 3

SECRETARY’S REPORT 151

MAMMALS—Continued

PERISSODACTYLA—continued

eientific name Common name Number

Tapiridae:

pina tennestits= Gee Brazilianstapine = Ss) oS ae 2
Rhinocerotidae:

Rhinoceros unicornis_-------------- Great Indian one-horned rhinoc- 1

eros.
Ceratotherium simum_.------------ White or square-mouthed rhinoc- 2
eros.
WicerosibicOrnis-._-- 2.2 -.—---=----- African rhinoceros___------------ 1
ARTIODACTYLA

Suidae:

SSIES SER DY T European wild boar____---------- 1
Tayassuidae:

Pecarz tajacu angulatus..---------- Collared peccary.._.-------2¥= 8s 2
Hippopotamidae:

Hippopotamus amphibius_-_-_------- Fi ppopotamus sso eee -

Choeropsts libertensts___----------- Pygmy hippopotamus___-__-_-_--- 3
Camelidae:

aman glama. Teles oso eS Iblamaa... 382 yas bane tay: eee i 9

Lama glama guanicoe__._-.--------- Guanaeo sue se ee nS 3

SOU DOCOS oe 8 et ere SE Alpaca... 22sec siiode 2 ween 4

Camelusivactitanuss 22 3208) ee Bactrianycamelon sere eye eee 2
Cervidae:

ee aide (eae fallow deer: 2-2 -sehyauigue 10

eit Real ayant Tee White fallow deer____.___--------- 13

PAD USROL IS ek tn snc AAO SOS Axisideer 2.5. epbehin saan 5

Gervusselaphus 22003 8 Pe Red: deers 22. aay a nit ak 5

Cerpusiconagdensis=- 2. ooo. nee sees Americaniel kart ee ee Noe 4

Cervus muppon= 222. 22 eS DIAG COT. he serge Ui una ciao 5

Elaphurus daviditanus__...--------- Pére David’s deer______--------- 2

Odocoileus virginianus_.----------- Virginia, deer... 2 45 ek Se SSeS a

Odocoileus virginianus costaricensis_. Costa Rican deer_-_-_------------- 1
Giraffidae:

Okapragannsiont 2. 2220 ee ke Okapil. cou ole oo eee 2

Giraffa camelopardalis____--------- INubianigiraiie 73 Sao sees se aaa 4
Antilocapridae:

Antilocapra americana__----------- Pronghorn antelope__------------ 1
Bovidae:

Taurotragus orye. 12222205 Leos L Blandbsinodin. anti tien savionowi aa 4

Anoa depressicornis.....---------- IANO Bie Seki Beate A ieee eran 3

TR OSICQUTUS ee IS West Highland, or Kyloe, cattle... 3

IB OSHUNO ZEUS OD siren he Ld OS TepWe ss oo es er se aren 1

Poephagus grunniens._------------ Vy eres ne gt RR BEN SPREE 3

IB ANOSPOMURUS. oe ee eS Gaur. o.oo 8 eee be ee ae 5

ISU CETUS CGH] CF ess EE NY African buffalos2 S592 eae 1

ES ISOIND USOT ee es 4 EES ORE American bison. -—~.=---22+2----- 3

BISON) DONGSUS =k Oe SO European bison, or wisent- ------- 2

Cephalophus nigrifrons_----------- Black-fronted duiker__----------- 1

Saiga tatareca.... 252.522 oe Saiga antelope---_-_------------- 1

479801—58——_11

152 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958
MAMMALS—Continued
ARTIODACTYLA— continued
Scientific name Common name Number
Bovidae—Continued
Hemitragus jemlahicus_____.------- oh AP ao 0 SN a 2
ASEULOGUSILG)/ Gti nae open ee Blue, or Bharal, sheep_-_-___---_- 1
Ammotragus lervia____---_-_------ Aoudad: 22222 2p ee ee ae 6
OTS MUSUTOD. = Sess soeeenee se sds Mio uilom 22.000 0 eee 2
BIRDS
STRUTHIONIFORMES
Struthionidae:
IS UgaLt ORC CLITLEL US ee eee ey Ostrichs.22) 05.222 eee 1
RHEIFORMES
Rheidae:
eC ONC/AMCT.TCO 1 Ce eee eee ema aca Rhea. 222 2255202 1 a ee ee 1
CASUARIFORMES
Casuariidae:
Casuarius unappendiculatus-_-_------ One-wattled cassowary__---_----- 1
Dromiceiidae:
Dromiceius novaehollandiae___------ Bimtecieec 2 Lt ee 4
SPHENISCIFORMES
Spheniscidae:
Aptenodytes patagonica____-----_~- King: pene win ee eee eas 4
Pygoscelis adeliae_-_------------=-- Adelie penguin. .__-__ 9. _ 255 42ex Gi
Spheniscus humboldti___-.--------- Humboldt’s penguin_---__---_--- 2
TINAMIFORMES
Tinamidae:
Minamus major. 22>. wane ois noses Chestnut-headed tinamou_-__---__ 1
PELICANIFORMES
Pelecanidae:
Pelecanus onocrotalus..------------ Rose-colored pelican____----__-=+_ 2
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus__-------- White pelican_____-__--s) eases 6
Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis_._._. Brown pelican_._____._---+-___- i
Phalacrocoracidae:
Phalacrocoraz auritus albociliatus_.__. Farallon cormorant___----------- 1
CICONIIFORMES
Balaenicipitidae:
TBQUMCR TCU IES OT 1a tales Kea si Nase Shoebill 2s ye se el ds Bae a 1
Ardeidae:
Notophoyz novaehollandiae_____-__- White-faced heron_____-._._--=-- 1
Florida caerulea. — - -sAse) weatee eh” Blue heron .o2¢ 422-2 aha gee 2
Leucophoys thula«< jet 22sec 4 Snowy. egret... - = ssn net oe 3
Nycticorax nycticoraz hoactli_____~-- Black- crowned night heron___-_-- 24
Tigrisoma lineatum____--_________ Tiger bittermn._.- 2 - 4a eee 5

SECRETARY’S REPORT 153

BIRDS—Continued

CICONIIFORMES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Cochleariidae:
Cochlearius cochlearitus___---------- Boat-billed heron_=5--24-22.25. = 2
Ciconiidae:
Dissound episcopus__— +. eri Tati Woolly-necked stork_____________ 1
Leptoptilus crumeniferus_-—--------- Marabou stork 2220 Ue ie een 1
Leptopiilus javanicus._- - 4b. bons hesserpadiutant = soc oar
Threskiornithidae: :
Wiackeria americana (=. 222. Bae” Wioodribise i cls res tee Cee reo 1
Threskiornis melanocephala___-—---~- Black-headed ibis__._.-...._.=._._- 1
AYGLOOJOjO 22 PtSi sou fix) open ks: oseate spoonbille se ae a ae 2
Eudocimus alba__.---------------- White jbisi= 222. = - Joes ee ete 3
ibudecumus.jnuber.. . Sait) fap nn Spe Scarlet ibis]. 22 2a ee Ga Sas, 3
Phoenicopteridae:
Phoenicopterus antiquorum_-------- Old World flamingo___ = 22.2. 5.44 1
ihoenvcopterus Tuber) =o 222 @uloaray hana y Oy ee eee 2
Phoenicopterus chilensis__.__-------- Chileangiamingos 2 225--- 22224 2
ANSERIFORMES
Anhimidae:
(Gini OG COCO ae eee aes Crested screamer-_--------------- 4
Anatidae:
COCRUS GUTDUR eee oe eNO ee Wihooperswaneze. 2242) )) sans 2
Cygnus columbianus___------------ Whistling swan____--_______--__- 4
CHGGUSOUCCINGLOT. 8 2 ass Trumpeter Swans. 24) 23 a) ye 2
Plectropterus gambensis__---------- Spur-winged goose________-_-___- 1
Cereopsis novaehollandiae__-------- Cape Barren eoosess awn lees I
Anseranus semipalmata____-------- Australian pied goose_—____-_____ 1
Ghenopistatratas =o) ses aie oe ss Blac kis wrentn ne cece sie usec 3
Ohenrcacrulescens= = 755. 4 8 oh BIWe SOO See ee i ea ie 6
Chemin enVOned =< Lae he a ys Lesser snow goose____----------- 2
Chenvatlanitca #2552242 oe SMO POOSe us 2 oa ial a ee 7
Cheninosseeen ay cpa ie lye ea INOSS/S COOSC Hae Oe eu ea ais 4
VANS CT CLO UI ROIS Hye eee eer ae White-fronted goose__-_--------- 2
TERA IRE EG) CRUNK CG Aas ST EN SS Indian bar-headed goose____------ 6
HAUG CLeCANAGECA! 222 NE ae HimMperom S00Ses see a ae 2
rane canadensis. 222 oye ys Canada goosess ese Shes Mee 13
Branta canadensis canadensis X Chen Hybrid, Canada goose X blue 2
caerulescens. goose.
Branta canadensis occidentalis_____- White-cheeked goose___---------- 7
Branta canadensis minima. - ------- @ackiine"@O0See oe | ee eee 6
Branta canadensis leucopareta_-_- --_- Lesser Canada goose___---------- uf
Chloephaga leucoptera____---------- Upland: goose 22 woe Sie ees ae ae 1
Dendrocygna autumnalis___-------- Black-bellied tree duck__--------- 8
Sarkidiornis melanota__----------- Combiducle ie Said see ee 1
Madormatadornage 2 = t= Syste as European shell duck__-_---------- 1
b Anas platyrhynchos.—— 2 ae Malar cles 2 ee se cee 14
Anas platyrhynchos_-.------ if TOD Mallard duck, albino_____-------- 1
Anas platyrhynchos domestica_.-_----- Rekinevduck sa susie ae ine 5
Anas plaiyrhynchos X A. acuta_---- Hybrid, mallard duck X American 1

pintail duck.

154 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BIRDS—Continued

ANSERIFORMES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Anatidae—Continued 5
Anas poecilorhyncha_._------------ Indian spotted-bill duck_________- 1
AN GSEnUOrIpes= as e on ee a Black duck _.--.- 5-02. Eee 2
Aras acuta =e: JGS PU GG One Pintail: duck... 353 1
Marecaamericanag= == 2015 eae Baldpate- 232 4.52 52545. 9
ALG SPONSE Wood .duck__. 220 2G eee 5
Aiz sponsa X Aythya americana__-. Hybrid, wood duck X red-headed 1
duck.
Dendronessa galericulata___--_----_- Mandarin duck______-_____-___- 29
Netiawmifings== 5.522 aes See Red-crested pochard_------------ 1
Aythyawalisinerias 224.255 Gnas Canvasback duck_2_) 2) sa maaae 9
Anthyaramentcang=22255 soe eS ieee Red-headed. duck _-== 2422 25)25= 10
ATAU: GOTO aes Seo os Saabs Greater scaup duck.____________-_ 4
Aaj thy Gra finis= sa as ue ae Lesser scaup duck.____________-_- 7
FALCONIFORMES
Cathartidae:
SORCORANUDILILS) Cp Ce ns eee ee eee King vultures: 0.20062 See 1
COnagip SKA iis ee 5 een ene Black vulturelo 222522 eee 3
Cathartestau, geen ema ene eee Turkey vulture: -:2 == >o3ge Seer 3
Sagittariidae:
Sagittarius serpentarius________---- Secretarybird_=+-2--.).3 as 2
Accipitridae:
Odontriorchis cayanensis__.____---- Cayenne kites. .2=- S203. ewe 1
Milvus migrans parasitus______-___ African yellow-billed kite_________ 2
IEIOOP CUR 5.5 See e eee Brahminy- kite! ooo) eee 1
Buteo poecilochrous_______________- Buzzard: eagle.) 22. a ees 1
Buteo Jamarcensiss see ss seers nna Red-tailed hawk________________- 5
IBUK2D. SUCPSOM = 35 So Sss sake eS Swainson’s hawk. = =94 22s 2
Leucopiernis melanops___-_____--_- Black-faced hawk__.___________- 1
Busarellus nigricollis___.___.__-__- Black-throated buzzard_________- 1
Morphnus guianensis_____________- Guianan crested eagle____________ 1
IE MOK OE HOF AON sees oobi es Harpy eagle.) 22222530). aise 1
Pithecophagus jefferyi__.._______-__- Monkey-eating eagle____________- 1
Aquila chrysaetos canadensis_______- Golden eagle_______-____________-_ 1
Haliaeetus leucocephalus__________- Bald:eagless*csc. 0) See Saas 7
Gaps que p pelle Serties citys kone Ne tate Ruppell’s*vulture®) 2202 2
Pseudogyps africanus__.____-__---_- White-backed vulture____________ 1
Terathopius ecaudatus____________- Bataleur eagle_...._.._.-_------- 1
Falconidae:
Micrastur semitorquatus___________- Forest falcon] 2222 SU ee ee 2
Milvagochamangos 222222 so es Chimango= == U2 nat ee 2
Rolyborws planguss 0s one os nanan South American caracara________- 3
Polyborous chertway.2 22222222 Audubon’s caracara___-.___-___-_ 1
BiGleo meciveaniage fo kes. eu hies Prairiefalcon = = 2=2.-2" eae 1
Falco peregrinus anatum___________ Duck*hawk== == 5-52) Sa ee ees 1
Palco, spanventizee seat sa Meme 0) ea Sparrow hawkso222)7 ie eas 5

SECRETARY’S REPORT 155

BIRDS—Continued

GALLIFORMES
Scientific name Common name Number
Megapodiidae:
Alectura lathami___.____---------- Brush: turkeye ose ee 1
Cracidae:
Nothocraz urumutum___----------- Nocturnal curassow_____________- 2
Crarhalberig ie Sal eee i eon Blue-cered curassow____________- 2
Croniglopulos@ 68 i Wattled curassow___--_________-_ 2
Pipile cumanensis___._____-.--1-- White-headed piping guan________ 1
Orie NONaMeNsi?s. oe ek Panamay curassOWwe oe ae 1
Phasianidae:
PAV ECLONUS GTGCCH oo) Chukar quale l agra Dae aegis 2
Colinus virginianus__._----------- Bobwhite quaile2232- 25 se 1
PERO RENDETOUE st ee Hungarian partridge-____________ 2
Coturnia japonica..2. .-. =.= Japanese king quail__._________-_ 1
Gennaeus leucomelanus______------ Nepal’ pheasant 222 2
Gennaeus swinhoti__________-_---- Swinhoe’s pheasant______________ 2
Galhusrqaiius oe. oe th oe Red junglefowls225 22505 2 6
; 5 Ring-necked pheasant______-___-- 4
Phastanus colchicus torquatus_-_----- ore Ag eneenGgned) DaeTeeN 2
OU MIMALICWS TECVEST = eo Reeves’s pheasant_--__---------- 2
Chrysolophus amherstiae--___-_------ Lady Amherst pheasant_-_--_----- 3
Chrysolophus pictus__...__-...---- Golden pheasant.._...---------- 9
VAT OMSTANUS OrOUS.— Peas Bei kees ss Argus pheasant-_--------------- 3
WZGVOUCKISLALUS 3 ye oe aa Ea NE Tarp ON TAS Gh ee eR :
ry PART. URI tre Blue peafowl______------------- 3
Numididae:
Acryllium vuliurinum__..---------- Vulturine guineafowl__________-- 1
Meleagrididae:
Agriocharts ocellata_.i: {fase eas Ocellated turkey_._------------ I
Meleagris gallopavo__------------- Wild turkey =.= 2. ieee: Sess 2
GRUIFORMES
Gruidae:
Grus leucogeranus__...------------ Siberian crane________---------- 1
Anthropoides virgo__.------------- Demoiselle crane---_------------ 1
Psophiidae:
Psophia crepitans___-------------- Trumpeters= 22.25.32 0ss See 2
Rallidae:
Kalluslimicola.i2 2222220502 (LLL Virginia rails s2tes 3 Soe ae 1
Laterallus leucopyrrhus_..--------- Black-and-white crake -_------- 1
Gallinula chloropus cachinnans_----- Florida gallinule___-----_------- 1
Porphyrio poliocephalus___--------- South Pacific swamp hen-------- 1
Fulica americana_.-__------------ Americanscoots 4525.5 esas =aseee 2
Eurypygidae:
Europyga helias__---------------- Sunibitterna== 2225.2. 2
Cariamidae:

Cariama:cristatas2 2282022 fee. Cariama, or seriama_-____-_----- 1

156 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BIRDS—Continued

CHARADRIIFORMES
Scientific name Common name Number
Jacanidae:
Jacana spinosa hypomelaena_____--- Black, jacanal>2- > eee ae 1
Haematopodidae:
Haematopus ostralegus____-__------ Oystercatchersa2 32s 2 sae 3
Charadriidae:
Belonopterus cayennensis________-_- South American lapwing--_______ 2
Charadrius vociferus_________--_--- Kall dee rs ss ies Baia ake are eae 1
Recurvirostridae:
Himantopus himantopus mexicanus__ Black-necked stilt______________ 1
Burhinidae:
Burhinus bistriatus__._-___-------- South American thick-knee______ 2
Stercorariidae: j
Catharacta maccormacki_.__-_------ MacCormack’s skua____----__-- 4
Laridae:
LBarusdelawanensiss: == aun ee ne Ring-billed gull. =- 3232s sass 2
LORUsdominicanussn= nse sue monies Kelp gulls 2c os 222 ssa 2
UGOrUSiOtr Tella tee ne mee tenes Laughing oul 5 222s ee eee 1
Larus novaehollandiae____._.____--- Silver cull 20s ae 2
COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae:
Columba liviak. =.) Sresen cae Homing pigeon. ___ 22s ae 6
Columba fasciaias2 225 2025 eis Band-tailed pigeon____________- 2
Columba nigrirostris__.___.-_-____- Black-billed pigeon_-__.________- 1
Zenaidura macroura______-__---_-- Mourning doves=.2 52. eee 3
Zenda asiatica eae aa White-winged dove________.___= 2
Streptopelia decaocto______________- Ring-necked dove___-___-_-_-_+ 6
Streptopelia tranquebarica_________- Blue-headed ring dove_________- 2
Geopelia cunealtas= ==) en iee Diamond dove. St sie eee Ys 1
Gallicolumba luzonica____________-- Bleeding-heart dove__________-- 2
GOURATUICLOT UG see ne eee ee Crowned pigeon_2_- 92) eee 2
PSITTACIFORMES
Psittacidae:
Nestor motabrlzs= aie se met aan anu iene Kea parrot... 4.222. 42. =22e eee 2
Domicella garrulas= 2522 as eee Red lory. 22 22.44.56 1
Calyptorhynchus magnificus_______- Banksian cockatoo__________----- 2
Callocephalon fimbriatum_________- Gang-gang cockatoo_________--_- 4
Kakatoe! alba ie asain Bs Se White'cockatooi:.. 2: 2. ea 2
akatoe diucrops 2) etayeeepaey ape ee Solomon Islands cockatoo____-____- 1
Kakatoe qalerita yop 2 oe er ee Sulphur-crested cockatoo_____.-.-. 6
Kakatoe sanguineus____.__--_----_ Bare-eyed cockatoo____.....----- 5
Kakatoe moluccensisis sane aa: Great red-crested cockatoo__-____- 2
Kakatoe leadbeateri_._____...-__-_- Leadbeater’s cockatoo__________-- 8
Nymphicus hollandicus___________- Coekatieliae ae Qi aa aaa 5
ATO CROTON Ome ey Wee ey ain eel Yellow-and-blue macaw____------ 3
Jaliras Alkarmayarae. Gk Se Red-and-blue macaw__-_-__------ 3
ARO Na Cdo ss Re SA aU SoN etn hae Red-blue-and-yellow macaw___-__ 3
ATOLUNGG CONUCUOTIS = ee Petz’s'parakeet/2222 2120 ee 1
AT ALING A Dentin are 1s )a an wapunemmates Rusty-cheeked parrot___..____--- 3

SECRETARY’S REPORT 157

BIRDS—Continued

PSITTACIFORMES—Continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Psittacidae—C ontinued
‘Brotogeris jugularis___—-__==----__ Novi parakeet. -== =< =2--. 352905 24M 1
PAN EZONGIOCSUGs nL Blue-fronted parrot_____._.-_-__- 1
Amazona auropalliata-_____--_---- Yellow-naped parrot_____________ 3
Amazona finscht.._.--.+----_------ Binschisiparrote 222 se sae ee se ols 1
Amazona leucocephala______------- Cubantparrotzes 2224) oes ee 1
Amazona bodini.__...-_--.------- Red-fronted parrot______________ 1
Amazona ochrocephala_____-------- Yellow-headed parrot____________ 1
Aimaconaronairin= Soo se Ne her Double yellow-headed parrot_____- 3
Psiiaculaieuparrvass LF i ea herh Red-shouldered parakeet__-____-- 1
Psittacula fasciata_______---------- Moustache parakeet____._______-_ 1
Polytelis swainsont____-_---------- Barraband’s parakeet_________-_- 2
Agapornis rosetcollis_____--------- Rosy-faced lovebird_____-_____-_-_- 1
AGU MOINES fiSCHenie 92.5 Yellow-collared lovebird________-- 1
Agapornis personata____--__------- IMaskedslovebinds==2— 55-5 ss—" sae 6
Platycercus elegans_____------_---- Pennant’s parakeet_______--___-- 3
Platycercus eximius.._------------ Rosella parakeet____.____----_-- 1
Melopsitiacus undulatus____._------ Grassiparakeetans seo na yale Many
CUCULIFORMES
Musophagidae:
ROUTACOLDENSO ee eee eee RurplerpurTacouees 2 sm iieas Ss ensare 1
TRO COUrvdiekepie ee ees ee South African turaco_____________ 1
Crnermajrecanus = aes De ee Rlantain-eaters= sass ee ee 2
Cuculidae:
Eudynamys scolopacea___---------- IGE sate cere cee ya oom Orne 1
Geococcyz californianus____-------- RoaAGrunnen. | een see a 1
STRIGIFORMES
Tytonidae:
Mytoralba pratincolas | 2a Fee Barnrowleccte eae rms em ces 2
Strigidae:
(DRYAS OSS H Dy; Sa ag lia a i ia Screechiowles. sem ss see sore ee 1
Bubo virginianus__.-_------------- Great horned owl__----------=--- 5
Bubo virginianus elutus_----------- Colombian great horned owl-_--_- 1
ierunauretupijes ole fous Malay easiiny owl ns sae ar 1
ING CTCOMILU CLEC ott ees TES SH way, Ow linaasnaunes ae SLs 4
SRL GRUOTEE UATIO se ee ee are TS Barred vows sso oes een oe 10
TROGONIFORMES
Trogonidae:
Priotelus temniurniuso sos eso Cuban’ trogans2 = eeu se ee See 1
CORACIIFORMES
Alcedinidae:
Dacelongig asus soy) ses Kookaburra 5 3e455=5—ee— ee == 3
Momotidae:
WMomotus) lessont. 022-2 Motmotine.28 205255 i een 2
Coraciidae:

bo

Coracias benghalensis__------------ Iindianerollerss =o ee eae ee

158 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BIRDS—Continued

CORACIIFORMES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Upupidae:
Wipupaepopse Ven Ne Cua iy Les Hoopoe su = ccs Ces re eae 2
Bucerotidae:
Tock ws Orostrts see ee ee Grey horpbillS2*= 3632 2
Aceros undulatus_.__.____----------- Malayan hornbill_______________ 1
VAICETOSKDLUCHL WS apy ae eee err Wreathed hornbill_____________-_ 1
Anthracoceros malabaricus___------- Pied hornbill:. ) 2. 2a eee 1
Bycanistes subcylindricus___.------- Black-and-white casqued hornbill- 2
Ceratogymna atrata__..__._..-------- Black-casqued hornbill___-----_- 2
Buceros hydrocoraz__._------------ Philippine hornbill______-----__-_ 1
Bucorvus abyssinicus_-_------------ Abyssinian ground hornbill---_-_- 1
PICIFORMES
Capitonidae:
Megalaima zeylonica___----------- Streaked!barbet.— 2-2-2 ase 2
Cyanops asvaticas 22s e see eee Asiatic red-fronted barbet_______-_ 1
Ramphastidae:
Aulacorhynchus albivittatus____-_---- White-lined toucanet__.__________ 1
Pieroglossus torquatus___-__-------- Ringed aracari toucanet__________ 1
Ramphastos culminatus___--------- White-breasted toucan_-_-_______-_ il
Ramphastos carinatus__.----------- Sulphur-breasted toucan__________ 2
Ramphastos swainsoni__----------- Swainson’s toucan____-_______--_- 1
Ramphastos toco2 2s 230 22 2 e eee Toco toucan = 220s) eee 1
Picidae:
Colaptesaunatis eee eee Yellow-shafted flicker___._________
Melanerpes cruentatus__----------- Little black woodpecker_________- 2
PASSERIFORMES
Cotingidae:
Teaupicolatrupicolase = a= =) a eee eee Orange cock-of-the rock__________ 1
Rupicola sanguinolenta________-__-- Scarlet cock-of-the rock__________ 1
Tyrannidae:
Puangussulphurnatus. 2222 922) eeee= Kiskadee flycatcher__._-.._____-_ 1
Alaudidae:
Alauda arvensis. eee a ee Skylark. 222 ee 2
Corvidae:
Cyanociitareristata sem = as ee Bluejay 22 2222S sees 2
Cyanoctita stellersa= 222 es Steller’s' jay 2-227") a eae 4
Pica pica nudsonicas se Magpies 22220012 22s sieieereias 9
Picasnuttalla sets seen ia teen eae Yellow-billed magpie_____________ 1
Cissarchinensts 2 e seein Chinese cissa: 22-2220) yee 1
Urocissa; cacriuleg i ee eae Formosan red-billed pie________-_- 2
Dendrocitta formosae_____--__--__- Asiatic ‘tree pie. _- 220 22 Ve 2
Corvus corax principalis___________- Ravenits2 22 225222 ae 1
Corvusialia:: ee eae ais African white-necked crow___-_--_- 2
Corvus brachyrhynchos____-.___---- Crow Cee Sa he 1
Corvusiensolens ae ops eon Indian‘crow 2) 220220. 22 ee 2

Cracticidae:
Gymnorhina hypoleuca_____._.----- White-backed piping crow- ------- 1

SECRETARY’S REPORT 159

BIRDS—Continued

PASSERIFORMES—Continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Ptilonorhynchidae:
Piilonorhynchus violaceus _-—_--_---- Satin -bowerbird!2 S338 sighed 2
Timaliidae:
Pomatorhinus horsfieldit___-_---_-- Indian scimitar babbler__________ 1
Pomatorhinus erythrogenys_-------- Rusty-cheeked scimitar babbler___ 1
Heterophasia capistrata_--_-------- Black-headed sibia__...______-___ 1
Sittidae:
UtLOMEMStaNed = = a2 MO 8 AT Chestnut-bellied nuthatch________ 2
WRF EUTOMRENSIS =a BEV OU White-breasted nuthatch_________ 2
Pycnonotidae:
eVENONOUUS COSC 5- 28552555 eS Red-vented bulbul___.__-_-_______ 1
Pycnonotus leucogenys ------------- White-cheeked bulbul_____-_-_____ 1
Turdidae:
SLO GROLEY GT AEC es ea ai Bonaparte’s' thrush. 229% Soe) 1
Turdus migratorius_...------------ Albino robines 22228. 5 Saas 1
Thamnolaea cinnemomeiventris__-__-_- Cliff Cha tlouc 3 S282 ee AN aan ie ea 84
Sturnidae:
Aeridotheres trisivs—— .. Jungle mynahe!: 2222 eee 1
Lamprocolius purpureus_---------- Burchell’s glossy starling--_------_ 3
IEE OES 2UPENOUS@ En ae ae rk ae eo Tricolored or superb starling__-_--_- 1
Siunnusmalabartca. 2 2 eet Gray-headed mynah____--------- i
ZCSLOTATOSCUS a a es ee en Rose-colored pastor__._.--_------ 1
SLUNMUS VULGGTIS 2 == 2 Ee es aL EET Starling. «a. 08 STEN OT i Peay 1
Gracula religiosa indica__---------- Lesser hill mynah___________---- 1
Gracula religiosa robusta___-------- Nias wattled mynah____________- 1
(CER ELGUA ITS AIG (OT Faas ps a he Hill mynaheii 5 (Sets Sits 3
Nectariniidae:
iNectarinta jonnsiont..---22-=--=_- Dark malachite sunbird____------ 1
Ploceidae:
EOCeNS OGY pre ey ie oh RAE EM Oe Baya weavers ss sss os Ai 9
Ploceus vitellinus....._------------ Vitelline masked weaver-__-__------ 3
Oriclennqueleg es Sos. L se as Ie ee ee Red-billed weaver___.----------- 1
BPI CCLESHONIG he Red bishop weaver-------------- 2
Sr LCE CSR Res ese a Yellow-crowned bishop weaver_--._ 6
WMiratropura procne. 4. 228 so 2 Giant) whydahsa2 2222.2 aoe 5
Steganura paradisaea_____--------- Paradise whydah= 222252222 8s 2= 3
Plocevpasser mahkalt. Mahali weaver_____._____------- 1
Munia oryzwora_...-_-...-_------ Miaivare nn Ghee Se ee ey nn ue rere 18
Amadina jascvatan 25-82 Cut-throat weaver finch___------- 5
WGRCRURG TNOIG 08 ee Wihite-headed munms+= oe o= =e 9
stride angolensis... Cordon bleulfinch==- 2 ==) == 1
Estrilda coerulescens_-.-_-___-_.__-- WGavender fine meee eee 2
SMG OSUUd ss ane eke Red@esred waxbill==) 992 ss— ase 1
Estrilda troglodytes_....-..-_------ Common waxbillee= = 2 4
Zosterops palpebrosa____----------- Wihite-eyetr soa a eee 2
Estrida amandava__......-------- Strawberry, finches) sa sen 9
Poephila guttata castanotis__-.----- Tora Anche sce Ae ne 26

Black-headed Gouldian finch------ 2
Gouldian finch_________--------- 1

160 ANNUAL REPORT. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BIRDS—Continued

PASSERIFORMES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number

Icteridae:
Xanthornus decumanus__.--------- Crested oropendola___.._-_______ 1
Psomocolaz oryzivora_._------------ Rice srackle: = 2022 SaucG a sia 1
Tangavius armenti._.------------- Colombian red-eyed cowbird__--_- 1
Molothrus bonariensis..__...------ Silky, cow bind 3220755055 oo ee 1
Quascalus quisculas22 2525s See Purple grackle: 44202 (¢ pu 1
Hiclerwsigaloula eS see ieee eee Baltimore oriole. == 42 sausages 1
Icterus giraudtssins 22a ey Giraud’s oriole: _- 52 eee 1
Icterus ictergus® these. Se as at Sa Troupial2 “2. 344.4) ee 9, al
Agelaius icterocephalus_____------- Yellow-headed marshbird________- 1

Thraupidae:
Calospiza ruficapilla____--_------- Brown-headed tanager._________- 1
Thraupis leucopteras==- 22 ssa knees White-edged tanager__._________- if
Thraupis cana. 2 4a2232 28 25 Lees Blue tanager.. 12.2 2 eee 1
Ramphocelus dimidiatus___-------- Crimson tanager_ 324) eee 1
Ramphocelus passerinii___-----_--- Passerini’s tamager______________+ 2
Cissopisleverta nase mem sa emne Black-and-white tanager_________ 2

Fringillidae:
Saltator maximuss 2-2. Se Buff-throated saltator_________-_- 1
Paroaria gularis nigro-genis___---_- Black-eared cardinal____.________- 2
Paroaria cucullatas= 2 26. e ee Brazilian cardinal] ssa 1
ISPLZAAMerICONGs 382 — = ee Dickcissel sparrows__._------___- a
Hesperiphona vespertina_-_-------- Evening grosbeak______________- 3
Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis__ __- House finch. 200 Seige eee 1
Sporophila gutturalis__....-.-----_- Yellow-billed finech___.__________= 8
Carduelis carduelis_- 2-22 Se yeas European goldfinch___._________-= 4
Carduelis carduelis X Serinus European goldfinch X canary____- 1

canarius.
[SAAD CPE OO sh BT Canary. 022002 25) 20 eee 2
SACOLISALULCOLG se ew Ure eee ee Saffron) finch: 2220) 2 a eee 7
Melospiza melodia__-.------------ Song sparrow. <2. 2. segue 1
REPTILES

LORICATA

Crocodylidae:
Crocodylus nalotvcus ae ee aes African crocodile_______________- 1
Osteolaemus tetraspis____________=- Broad-nosed crocodile____________ 3
Crocodylus cataphractus__________-- Narrow-nosed crocodile_________- 1
Crocodylusiporosus= eye eee Salt-water crocodile___.__________- 1
(OREGDOTIS GNIS SO ee American crocodile______________ 2
Alligator mississipiensis_____._-_-- Alligator: - 200 22) cau 15
SNOOP SOFC a Chinese’ alligator = 7) aa 2
Carman) sclerops s/o en ea Caiman 2 eC ye eo a 5
Tomistoma schtegelt- = 2 Gavial (false) 002 22" 2 ees 1

SAURIA

Gekkonidae:

Geckorsmithis me ooo cas Nae eet Giant’ gecko_ 2. _ S522 iitog_ Giga 1

SECRETARY’S REPORT

REPTILES—Continued

SAURIA—continued

Scientific name
Chamaeleonidae:
Chamaeleo mellert___.-_---------=-
Chamaeleo dilepis._._._._-._._--------

Iguanidae:

Iguana iguana____----------------
Anolis carolinensis_____-----_-----
Anolis cristatellus__..-._--_--_-----
Phrynosoma cornutum____---------
Sceloporus undulatus__.-__--------
Sauromalus obesus_-___--_--------
Ctenosaura acanthura_____---------
Cyclura stejnegert____---_---------

Sceincidae: ©

Mabuya multifasciata______ pe tte
Egernia luctuosa___---------------
HAGETMTOMUIUCED is Ae ee a
Eumeces fasciatus_._._____.____--__--
Scincus officonalis__.._..-__--------

Trachysaurus

TUG OSUS) 4 a= ae ee

Gerrhosauridae:

Gerrhosaurus
Teiidae:

NICOL] Of ees ee ae tas

Tupinambis nigropunctatus____-----
Tupinambis teguizin..-.---_-_-__-

Anguidae:

Gerrhonotus multicarinatus_____--_-_

Ophisaurus ventralis

Helodermatidae

Heloderma suspectum______-_------

Heloderma horridum_______________

Varanidae:

Varanus salvator

VV OPRORUS TOTES ES EEN
Warranms) GlOtgularis. 22 250) vee

Zonuridae:

Zonurus giganteus___..__-_---------

Boidae:
Constrictor c.

SERPENTES

constrictor___._.-__---

Constrictor constrictor imperator__.--

Eunectes murinus
Epicrates cenchria
Epicrates angulifer

oorenydris enydriss 02) 2 os ee

Boa enydris cookit

UST AME OUTCUSH Ie ote oln wes wes a

Python regius

161

Common name Number
Meller’s chameleon______________ 3
Flap-necked chameleon___________ 12
Comimon oma mae ete tees aa 2
AMMOTICA YANO He Sal cig lise ea Many
Little crested anole______________ 1
Texas horned lizard______________ 10
Hence tiga ne etek me wi ale abel 3
Chuckwallaoi) joer a0 ln ee 1
Spiny-tailed lizard 332.45 ee 1
Mona Tsland iguana 9. 1
Malayan skink SUP Ban ee IRL ane 6
Mourning skink2= 30s oe oe 2
Wihite’siskimkes nie 2230s aheie ea yanigs 7
Greater five-lined skink__________ 5
Sai Gs Kabra Keys) Ny eee ae hy peal 8
Stump-tailed lizard____.______-__ I
Plated: lizard cua ea ieee dle 7
Blacks Ge onal 225: esa Meld as aos 1
Mellow: Cems Oe 2 main ae fe Ne 1
AIG a GOT IZ aT Ce soy ee eee 1
Gl aissili Zar ie a eas og ag 2,
Gilavmonster scoop ea 3
Beaded lizard (black phase) ______- 1
Mexican beaded lizard___________ 2,
Indian monitor lizard____________ 1
Australian lace monitor___-_____- 2
CapennOnitor sas sae een 1
Spinyplizard= 2025 Ue oe eee eee 1
1 Oa CONSETICLO ree eee ee 2
EUIMPCLOL! DOA ee ae eee ee 1
esa V2 LO 40 Ue Wo ela hea TR AN ada NaN 2
Rain bows OO a eee a es 4
Cuban tree boa e222 tas eee 8
HA RS {ENi] OOS eat oe aN Madi Sid USN St TS ot 1
Cook's) tree Doatas ie eu alae iene 1
Sharp-tailed sand boa___-___-___- 1
Ball oy thonee sae = ae ere ee eee 5

162 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

REPTILES—Continued

SERPENTES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Boidae—Continued
TA UOT SEDGE a n= ots eee ee African python222. 255s 2 2 ease 1
LEM IOD, (UTS ee oe ee ee Indian rock python__-_-----_---_- 2
Python neticulavus- 02) = eae Regal python. — 22> 2) eae eee 2
Colubridae:
Lampropeltis getulus getulus___--_--- King snakes" 23252225 2
Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki-___ -__- Speckled king snake____________-_ 2
Lampropeltis getulus californiae__--- California king snake___________- 3
Lampropeltis getulus floridana- - - --_- Florida king snake__.____________ 2
Lampropeltis getulus splendida___---- Sonoran king snake______________ 1
Lampropeltis doliata ssp_---------- Scarlet king snake.____-_-______- 1
Lampropeltis doliata triangulum__--- Milk snake’. 22 e22 Se eee 1
Lampropeltis rhombomaculata_-_- --- Mole’snakes 2222252) -i eee 1
Lampropeltis doliata polyzonua_.---__ Tropical king snake_________-___- 1
Thamnophis sirtalis ordinata_-__----- Garter snake: 222). a eee 6
Thamnophis sirtalis prozima_.__ -_-- Ribbon snake_______-_---__-_--- 1
INTER UR COIQUN Drs eee ee cee Ske Water snake. 22 29)2s2 02000 seas 4
Nate mhombiferasse 2 22ers Diamond-backed water snake_-___- 2
Natricitacispilota= 2 ae ees Brown water snake_____--------- 1
Natriz cyclopion floridana_--------- Green water snake_._-_-------__- 1
WNiatrinvenyinnogasten sa ee a eae Red-bellied water snake-_---_----_-_- 2
INGUic piclwventris= a= ee a ae Florida water snake_____________-_ 3
Coluber constrictor constrictor__ _ ---- Northern black racer________--_-- 1
Drymarchon corais couperi___------ Indigo snakes? *“22 0S soa eee 1
Pilot black snake, albino________- 2
Elpahe obsoleta obsoleta__---------- fe eBiek Seeks 5
Elaphe obsoleta confinis________-__-- Southern pilot black snake_______- 1
Elaphe guttata emoryi_._____-_---_- Corm snakes 2: 2220/0 Sea eee 2
Elaphe quadrivittata_________-_-___- Chicken snake... -:-- 923 AGeae 4
Hlaphetacnturg see ee ere Asiatic rat snake______________~- 4
J HGH NG (COPHCM hss Lesser Indian rat snake_________- 1
Abastor erythrogrammus___._-__---~- Rainbow snakes 22 \s)se saan 4
Boaedon lineatum___...----------- African house snake, or musaga___ 2
Diadophis punctatus edwardsti__-__-_- Ring-necked snake_-____--_---_-- 1
Opheodrys majoras aes eee Formosan green snake________--_- 11
Storenta dekays= == === = 2S Ses DeKay’s snake... 2) 3.2) aie 2
Drvyophis prasinusess 2 ese Grass-green whip snake______---- 1
Piyas mucosus_- == 22 = = eS es Dhaman, or greater Indian rat
snakes) 20 oo ee eee 4
Spelotes PUllatwisee ns oa en nee Black and yellow rat snake-_____- 1
Dispiolsdars typass sate a oe Boomslang. 23225 eae 1
Simocephalus capensis_______-_---- File ‘snakes 2°00 2 ee eee 1
Chrysopelea peltass = ee Twin-barred tree snake__________- 1
Elapidae:
NOG 109 G2 ae eae ee i ee Indian cobras!) 23820) 3 eee 4
NGIG NAG air am ae ee ee Taiwan cobras so 20 ee eee 2
Naja melanoleuca_________________ Black\cobra.222 32 eS eee 1
UN GA YOR Lah iat ech is Nae a Egyptian cobras22 222025. —=eee 3
Bungarus multicinctus_____________ Kratse 2 2 Soe oe eee 3

SECRETARY’S REPORT 163

REPTILES—Continued

SERPENTES—continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Viperidae:
WDEROMGUSSCLID oe ee Russells! viper. 2.2. hoo ee 1
Crotalidae:
Ancistrodon contoririx laticinctus__._. Broad-banded copperhead_-_-_-____-_ 5
Ancistrodon piscivorus__._._------- Water moccasin or cottonmouth___ 4
Ancistrodon piscivorus leucostoma_._. Western water moccasin________-_- 1
MAmcrsinodon QCulus. 220 ne Asian snorkel viper______________ 3
Trimeresurus waglert__----------_- eit WED OT a2 208 yes eee ea 1
Trimeresurus gramineus_.----_---_- alin Wa Pere ne eee ere en eee 11
Trimeresurus popeorum___--_------ POpEe;Sapit VIPCh ea ie ee 1
Trimeresurus elegans__--_------_-- Mamushi, or Asiatic viper_______- 2
Trimeresurus flavoviridis__________- Habu, or Asiatic viper___________ 4
Trimeresurus okinavensis___-_____-_- Habu, or Asiatic viper___________ 1
Crotalus adamanteus______--_------ Hastern diamond-back rattlesnake. 1
Grataluspainone ss = t= LL Western diamond-back rattlesnake. 18
Croralusmonridus. 6 Timber rattlesnake______________ 1
CHELONIA
Chelydridae:
Chelydra serpentina__.----__--_--- SHappingetuntlems see eta eee 12
Macroclemys temminckit______----- Alligator snapping turtle_________ 5
Kinosternidae:
Sternotherus odoratus_...___.--_--- Musk ‘turtlete-220 ee 2 ots 3
Kinosternon subrubrum____-------- Mud -turtle?s_ Sheveluies Seon 5
Kinosternum cruentatum_-___------- South American mud turtle_______ 4
Emydidae:
Clemmys guttata._....---.--------- Spoutedeturtlese ss sae meee ee ae 1
Clemmys insculpta__...---_------- Wroodktuntlesi eo ee v
Clemmys marmorata marmorata___-- Pacific pond turtle______________ 1
Cuona amboinensis____-.---------- Kura-kura box turtles]. o 22 2" 1
Emys orbicularis___...------------ European pond turtle__________-- 3
Emydura krefftti_......_.--------_- IEXGrre fistiy Sim UE Ts] erate pau 3
Emydura macquaria_..------------ Murray tuntie:ass: = ane ee ee 8
ermapene EGhOUNG 2222-8 BON GURGLe ny a mena selene nie epee Many
Terrapene carolina triunguis_____--_- Three-toed box turtle______-_---_- 3
Terrapene ornata ornata_________-_- Western box turtle____-__-_-_---- 2
Terrapene camlina baurt_---------- Florida box turtle_---------_-_-- 2
Malaclemye terrapin__.------------ Diamondback turtle_--.--------- 4
Graptemys geographica___._-_------ Miapiturtles. 225. ee ee a ee 3
Graptemys barbourt__-.----------- Barbours turtles. === ae 7
Graptemys pseudogeographica_-_-__--- False map turtle. - —-= 2 - = (ee 88 4
Ghnyeemiysi niches sho. ee a thee Painted} turtles.32 225 325-225. 31
Psuedemys scripta callirostris___---- South American red-lined turtle___ 8
Pseudemys scripta troostit______---- Cumberland turtle__-_-_...-_-__- 3
Pseudemys scripta elegans__-_-_------ Mobile*turtles 2205 0252 Bite eee 12
Pseudemys scripta ssp_.------------ Yellow-bellied turtle___.--_------ 24
Pseudemys floridana____--_-------- Florida water turtle__._.---_--_--- 15
Pseudemys rubriventris_____.------- Red-bellied turtle__.-.-.-------- 9

IPSENGEMYS OTNGIGS-& — 8 eS Central American turtle____------ 2

164 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

REPTILES—Continued

CHELONIA—Ccontinued

Scientific name Common name Number

Emydidae—Continued

Pseudemys decussata____________-- Cuban water turtle______________ 1

ROLLOUT EAS Cn ne nyo Indian fresh-water turtle_________ 1
Testudinae:

Gopherus agassizi_.——_ = Desert tortoise____.. 2222222 ee 1

DUASIOOID) FARA IISA AA a iheopard|: tortoise #502 eae 1

Testudo elephantina__.__...__---_-- Giant Aldabra turtle_.___________ 2,

Resiudovephip piu eye ee Duncan Island turtle____________ 3

SNAG ROT ONOY AAD OY ITAA SN os i South American turtle___________ 4

MCSE UC ORIVETING con tua ee ena Ae Galapagos turtles.) 2552s 2
Trionychidae:

Trionyx ferox spinifera____._______-- Eastern soft-shelled turtle________ 3

DRVON YL PCR OL Ln oie de aes is an ales Ne UTS Florida soft-shelled turtle_________ 2

DPrionys traunguis.. 222 African soft-shelled turtle_________ 2
Pelomedusidae:

Pelomedusa galeata__._.__-_--___-__- Africantwaterturtles 25s asm 2

JEQNISIOS TICLE a African black mud turtle_________ 2

TZOCOCTETUUS/ALTUCfUL YS a een eg, Amazon spotted turtle._________- 12
Chelidae:

Chelodina longtcollis__-....__.-._-- Australian side-neeked turtle______ 3

Hydromedusa tectifera.______.___=_- Small side-necked turtle_________- 2

Mesuclemmys: gubbass 2a South American gibba turtle_____- 3

Phrynops geoffroyana___-_-_-_-__--- Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle__-__ 1

Phrynops geoffroyana hilarit_____-_-- Large side-necked turtle________-- 12

Platemys platycephala_..-._-____-_- Flat-headed turtle_.___.____._-__- 11

Batrachemys nasuta_____..----_--- South American side-necked turtle. 2

AMPHIBIANS
CAUDATA

Amphiumidae:

Vali Oya HUSTON TECPTH OGLE LIS Sah Congo'eel 252.50 eee 6
Ambystomidae:

Ambystoma tigrinum___.---------- Tiger salamander_______________-_ 1
Salamandridae:

Diemictylus pyrrhogaster____--_---- Red-bellied or Japanese newt__--_-- 14

Notcpthalmus viridescens__--------- Red-spotted or common newt----_- 11

SALIENTIA

Bufonidae:

TSU OCG IVET UCHLI ean ene ue eee American toad = 2 2225 Seeks 2

Buforolombengre mesma se aes eee nee Forest; toad si: so 252 Kk es eae 2

BUT ORMGTUIUES eae ie ean apn pe Giant toad2 sas 4 22 eee 4

Bufo DOTACTICN Tae ee eae eee Rococo:toad. 222°): Pe eee 1

Bufo peltocephaigis=™ 42 sa 7 team Cuban; toad222°) 2 7
Pipidae:

Pipa pipae ts me rere een ale Surinam) toads. i. 2 i 29
Leptodactylidae:

Ceratophrysicalcai ata eee Colombian horned frog___--_------ 2

Ceratophrys once s\n 2 cern nie Argentine horned frog____-------- 1

Scientific name Common name
Hylidae:
MNGRCUNCK CMs ee a = eee estat Green tree frog____--_______
EAULOMUCTSTCOL OT am tnpue: ena sa kee L Gray tree frog. ..-.-=--__=_
Microhylidae:
Microhyla carolinensts_____-------- Narrow-mouthed toad_-—-____
Ranidae:
TEP IOS DENSO ates oa May sk sa Adricanupullinoe sess ae
Hanae Qlespevangsos 6 aks == PENT American bull frog__________
MLTU CLA UULG IES. © an ae i Greenvirocees Leen lui
SPACI LDS EG ENA ap ea a lh Leopard frog! 22 ei isos a5
Rhacophoridae:
Hylambates maculatus_..---------- African flash tree frog_______
Dendrobatidae:
Dendrobates auratus_.__.__--_-_---- Black poison-arrow frog_-___-
Wendxnualesiinclorvuse = = 2222s Green poison-arrow frog____-
Dendrobates typographus_____------ Yellow poison-arrow frog
ARTHROPODS
DECAPODA
Cenobitidae:
Coenobita clypeatus_____.------ Land hermit crab_______---_----
ARANBAE
Theraphosidae:
Eurypelma hentzit___--------- Tarantula se Ses 22s Sas ae he Se
Theridiidae:
Latrodectus mactans__.-------- Black-widow spider__-__---------
SCORPIONIDA
Vejovidae:
Vejovis spinigerus____--.------ Stripe-tailed scorpion_____------
ORTHOPTERA
Blattidae:
Periplaneta australasiae_____-__- Australian cockroach____-------
MOLLUSKS
PULMONATA
Limnaeidae:
Helisoma trivolvis___-.-------- Pond sriaillsee an Gos Ne AE
FISHES
OSTARIOPHYSI
Characidae:
Metynnis rooseveltit________-_--- Metynnise< a. F622 pA ot 8
Gymunotidae:
Sternarchella schotti_____------- Atricamknifensheeen = sae aes

SECRETARY’S REPORT

AMPHIBIANS—Continued

SALIENTIA—continued

165

Number

Many

Many

166 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

FISHES—Continued

OSTARIOPH YsI—Continued

Scientific name Common name Number
Cyprinidae:
Brachydanio rerio.___-.------- Zebra danio-fish- 2022) ae 14
iBarbusieverctite snes == as ae Clown barb. :2 22.2. 22) Ree 1
Tanichthys albonubes__-_______- White Cloud Mountain fish__________- 6
Electrophoridae:
Electrophorus electricus____----- Flectriciee)...0 20 820 1
Cobitidae:
Acanthophthalmus semicinctus_._. Kuhliiloach_________--_-.---------- 1
Doradidae:
Acanthodoras spinosissimus____- ‘Lalking catfish. 220540 21) eee 1
Callichthyidae:
Plecostomus plecostomus_-___---- Armored catfish= 2222422) as 2
Corydoras hastatus_-—---------- Corydoras. 025 2 2 ee 2
Corydoras paleatus__---------- Corydoras scavenger catfish__________- 1
CYPRINODONTES
Poeciliidae:
Gambusia punctata___--------- Blue|gambusias 2 2022 73) Sess 2
Mollienisia lattpinna___------- Black maolliy 252 2 0 Ns cy ag 3
Lebistes reticulatus__.__----_-- Guppy ge Se Se ON eee aera 10
Lebistes reteculatus__---------- Flag-tailed guppy_-____-------------- 10
Xiphophorus maculatus __------ Platysior moonfish= == 92202.) eas 1
LABYRINTHICI
Anabantidae:
Trichogaster trichopterus_______- Blue, gouram 29 Yu 6 eee 1
Anabas testudineus__---------- Climbing perch=-- 222 == s2 23 4
PERCOMORPHI
Cichlidae:
Haplochromis multicolor___-__--_- Egyptian mouthbreeder________---_-- 1
Tilapia sparrmani_----------- iPeacockicichiid= =) 35.022 ae 3
Pterophyllum eimeket__-------- Angelfish... 2-2-2 =). eee 5
PLECTOGNATHI
Lepidosirenidae:
Protopterus annectens_____----- Atricanjlungfish=) 22s ee 1
Lepidosiren paradoza_-_-------- South American lungfish_____________- 1
GIRAFFES

During the past 20 years, the National Zoological Park has been
very successful in breeding giraffes and gaur. A summary of both
species is presented here, in order that it may be made a part of the
permanent record.

The first giraffes to come to the Zoo were a pair of Nubian giraffes
obtained from the Game Department of the Sudan by Dr. William M.
Mann on the Smithsonian Institution-Chrysler Expedition to East

Secretary's Report, 1958 a Plate 9

Linsang—first one to be exhibited in the Western Hemisphere. Sent to the National
Zoological Park by Lt. Col. Robert Traub, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.

Ss
ae

Snow leopard kitten, 6 weeks old. ‘his is the first of this species born in the Western
Hemisphere.
Photographs by Randolph Routt, courtesy of the Washington Evening Star

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 10

m

Indian elephant, 14-year-old male, displays his dental braces devised by keeper Roger
McDonald to prevent the tips of the tusks from growing together. Photograph by
Francis Routt, courtesy of the Washington Evening Star.

eect oS)

‘Trumpeter swans, on deposit from the Fish and Wildlife Service. Largest of the swan
family, these birds have been saved from extinction in the United States by the careful
protection of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Photograph by Wellner Streets, courtesy of
the Washington Daily News.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 167

Africa in 1926. Known as Hi-Boy and Dot, they both succumbed to
a kidney infection, one after a year, the other 8 months later.

There were no more giraffes in the collection until 1937, when the
Smithsonian Institution-National Geographic Society Expedition to
the Netherlands East Indies stopped in the Sudan on the way home
and acquired four young ones, a pair of dark-spotted and a pair of
light-spotted Nubian giraffes. The dark ones became known as Kitty
and Bob. Bob died in 1956, but Kitty is still alive in the Zoo. The
other pair were named Nicky (after a 10-year-old journalist who had
campaigned for “giraffes for the National Zoo”) and Nageoma, for
National Geographic Magazine. Nicky died in December 1945, and
Nageoma in July 1946.

The breeding record follows:

Nicky and Nageoma

March 4, 1945, female, Helen. Named for granddaughter of Dr. Gilbert Gros-

venor, President, National Geographic Society. Stillin Zoo.
Bob and Kitty

January 4, 1945, female, stillborn.

August 22, 1946, female, Twiga. Stillin the Zoo.

October 2, 1948, male, Bedello (named after Walter Bedell Smith, who was
the first visitor to see him). Sent to the Zoo in Fort Worth, Tex., April 18,
1952.

September 25, 1950, female. Sent to Taronga Park Zoo, Sydney, Australia,
January 3, 1952.

December 29, 1952, female, Harriet. Sent to Honolulu Zoo, Hawaii, May 27,
19538.

February 23, 1955, female, Amelia. Gestation period 450 days. Sent to Cat-
skill Game Farm, Catskill, N. Y., October 6, 1955.

January 12, 1957, male, Doc. Gestation period 454 days. Still in the Zoo.

Bob and Helen

February 3, 1951, female. Died February 9, 1951.

June 17, 1952, male, Harry. Died December 13, 1952.

March 29, 1954, female, Astrid. Gestation period 450 days. Sent to Catskill
Game Farm, Catskill, N. Y., July 29, 1954.

September 16, 1956, male, Thomas. Gestation period 459 days. Died March
28, 1957.

Bob and Twiga

December 22, 1951, male, stillborn.

April 28, 1954, male, Frank. Gestation period 446 days. Sent to Catskill
Game Farm, Catskill, N. Y., July 29, 1954.

April 25, 1956, female, Marta. Gestation period 451 days. Sent to Catskill
Game Farm, Catskill, N. Y., August 20, 1956; now at “Africa U. S. A.,”
Boca Raton, Fla.

A pair of reticulated giraffes about 3 years old were purchased
June 21, 1939. The female died April 24, 1942; the male, Rufus, died
November 13, 1956. They left no offspring.

479801—58——_12

168 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

GAUR

A pair of gaur were obtained in 1937 from Mysore, India, by the
Smithsonian Institution-National Geographic Society Expedition to
the East Indies. Their breeding record follows:

March 14, 1940, male. Sent to Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, Philadelphia,

Pa., April 25, 1944.

September 3, 1941, male. Died May 31, 1942.

October 20, 1942, female. Died June 16, 1944.

December 23, 1948, male. Died February 19, 1946.

December 238, 1945, female. Died May 7, 1946.

February 10, 1946, male. Died May 4, 1947.

May 10, 1947, female.*

July 18, 1948, male.*

February 2, 1950, female. HExchanged May 25, 1955.

November 1, 1952, female, offspring of young pair.

August 12,1953, male. BExchanged May 25, 1955.

August 22,1954, female. Sent to St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Mo., April 26, 1956.

June 13, 1955, male. Sent to St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Mo., April 26, 1956.

February 12, 1956, male. Still in the Zoo.

March 5, 1957, female. Offspring of young pair. Died March 7, 1957.

March 18, 1958, male. Offspring of young pair. Still in the Zoo.

The high mortality rate is due, in almost every case, to the excitable
temperament of these animals. The old male died on May 26, 1957,
apparently of senility. The old female is still living, but she has not
accepted the young male.

FINANCES

Funds for the operation of the National Zoological Park are appro-
priated annually under the District of Columbia appropriation act.
The appropriation for the fiscal year 1958 totaled $833,000, which in-
cluded a supplemental appropriation of $49,000. This was an in-
crease of $113,000 over fiscal year 1957. The increase consisted of
$49,000 for the conversion of keeper positions; $36,300, contributions
to the Civil Service Retirement Fund; $22,595 to establish seven new
positions, and $5,105 to cover costs of reallocations. Of the $833,000
appropriated, $619,165 was for salaries, leaving a balance of $213,835
for the operation of the Zoo. Included in this balance were major
operational expenditures amounting to $177,513, consisting of $65,000
for animal food; $20,300 for fuel for heating; $29,325 for materials,
building construction and repair; $34,218 for Civil Service Retire-
ment Fund; $12,750 for purchase of animals; $8,900 for electricity ;
$5,000 for veterinarian equipment and supplies; and $2,000 for Fed-
eral Employees Group Life Insurance. The balance of $35,872 in
operation funds was expended for other items including freight, tele-

1 Kept at N. Z. P. for breeding ; referred to hereafter as young pair.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 169

phone, telegraph, and postal services, sundry supplies, uniforms, gaso-
line, road repair, equipment replacement, and purchase of new equip-
ment.

PERSONNEL

After serving as Acting Director for 17 months, Dr. Theodore H.
Reed was named Director on March 12, 1958. At the same time, J.
Lear Grimmer, who had been Assistant Director, was named Asso-
ciate Director.

James F. Wright, V. M. D., a graduate of the University of Penn-
sylvania, was appointed to fill the position of veterinarian. He comes
to the Zoo with experience in private veterinary practice as well as
service with the Department of Agriculture’s Plum Island Animal
Disease Laboratory, in Long Island, N. Y. He has a makeshift hos-
pital in the Park, which it is hoped may some day be replaced with a
more modern structure. His report for the year may be found on
pages 171-174.

As of the beginning of the fiscal year, the animal keepers were con-
verted from the GS classification to Wage Board. They are now on
a pay level comparable with other skilled trades, such as carpenters
and plumbers. It is believed that the present starting wage will at-
tract good men and that the salary will induce them to stay in the Zoo.

There are 144 authorized positions at the Zoo, divided as follows:
Administrative office 13, an increase of one property and supply
clerk; animal department 53 (48 keepers, cook, exterminator, 2 labor-
ers, and an increase of 1 storekeeper) ; police 23, an increase of 2;
mechanical department 50, an increase of 2 laborers and 1 store-
keeper; grounds department 5.

There has been a reorganization in the animal department. Ralph
Norris is now head keeper and Malcolm Davis, who has had 30 years
experience in the Zoo, is now associate head keeper. William Widman
is senior keeper in the bird division, Charles Thomas in the division of
large mammals, Bert Barker in the division of small mammals, and
Mario DePrato in the reptile division. In the police department three
men were promoted to the rank of Sergeant: Donald B. Bell, Karl A.
King, and Donald E. Trautman. In the mechanical shop, William G.
Modena was made assistant superintendent of maintenance and
construction.

INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

The Zoo continues to handle a large correspondence with persons all
over the world who write for information regarding animals. From
every part of this country citizens write to the Zoo as a national insti-
tution. Telephone calls come in constantly, asking for identification of
animals, proper diets, or treatment of disease. Visitors to the office as
well as to the animal exhibits are constantly seeking information.

170 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Because of the ever-increasing demand for information concerning
the care of animals in captivity, a series of 11 mimeographed leaflets
has been written covering the care and feeding of the various animal
families, ranging from invertebrates to primates. The leaflets are
used to supplement correspondence and telephone inquiries on pet
care and have proved successful in providing better service to the
public.

The Associate Director gave five 4-hour sessions of training to six
senior Boy and Girl Scouts. These youngsters are now qualified to
guide troops of younger Scouts when they visit the Zoo.

The Director spoke before 6 civic clubs, 2 school groups, and 5 church
groups; he also appeared on a television program and was interviewed
onaradio program. He was coauthor, with Dr. Samuel W. Thompson,
of “Toxoplasmosis in a Swamp Wallaby,” published in the Journal of
the American Veterinary Medical Association, December 15, 1957.

Malcolm Davis, associate head keeper, spoke before four civic clubs
on “Penguins and Antarctica” and also showed slides to a school group.
He has contributed articles and book reviews to All-Pets Magazine,
the Audubon Magazine, the American Racing Pigeon News, the
Aviculturist’s Gazette, the Sentinel, and the Journal of Mammalogy.
A group of rocky islands off Budd Coast, Antarctica, has been named
Davis Islets in recognition of a biological survey made there by Mr.
Davis in 1948 when he went to the South Pole with the U. S. Navy
Expedition.

Mario DePrato made a collecting trip in the Dismal Swamp, Va.,
bringing back a number of interesting reptiles for the Zoo. William A.
Xanten, Jr., a keeper in the reptile house, contributed a number of
snakes and turtles obtained while he was on vacation in Florida.

William Widman, senior keeper in the birdhouse, spent 2 weeks in
the Philadelphia Zoological Park, studying methods practiced there;
and Bernard Gallagher, keeper in the small-mammals division, spent
a week of official time in the Detroit Zoo, working and observing.

Ordinarily the Zoo does not conduct guided tours of the Park, but
exceptions were made for groups of physically handicapped children
who visited the Zoo. One group was from the District of Columbia
Health School, whose children were brought by the Kiwanis Club,
and another from the Silver Spring Intermediate School. Six chil-
dren from the Pre-School for the Blind, Alexandria, Va., were brought
by the Lions Club and were allowed to feel small animals and harmless
reptiles. The District of Columbia Society for Crippled Children
brought a group of 30. In all cases police and keepers were assigned
to assist in showing the young students the exhibits.

Conducted tours were also given to a group of 211 biology students
and 6 faculty members of Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, Lynch-

SECRETARY’S REPORT 171

burg, Va., and to 40 boys and girls who were winners in the annual
Westinghouse Science Talent Search.

While the Zoo does not conduct a regular research program as
such, every effort is made to study the animals and to improve their
health, housing, and diet in any way possible.

VETERINARIAN’S REPORT

One of the most important activities of the veterinary department
has been the application of the projectile type of syringe as an ad-
junct to therapy. The original work on this equipment was done
at the University of Georgia and the Georgia Fish and Game Com-
mission. They produced a temporary paralysis in wild deer, using
nicotine alkaloid either alone or in combination with thiopental so-
dium. An attempt was made to adapt this method to the zoological
collection, but met with very little success except in deer. The ap-
paratus is used with little disturbance to animals in their captive
habitat. Its most effective use is in the administration of antibiotics,
antiserums, ataraxics (sedatives, narcotics, tranquilizers), and vac-
cines. With this type of therapy it is not necessary to rope, man-
handle, trap, cage, or exhaust either animals or keepers to provide
parenteral medication. It is successfully used both inside and outside
of buildings and in small lots and large paddocks. As the operator
seldom needs other help, considerable saving in man-hours and an-
imals results. The following species have been successfully treated
with this projectile type of syringe: elk, zebra, yak, tiger, pygmy
hippopotamus, British Park bull, Saiga antelope, camel, elephant,
kangaroo, bear, deer, Nile hippopotamus, and giraffe. The full de-
tails of these treatments are contained in a paper to be published
later.

A severe case of necrotic stomatitis developed in the Zoo’s bull elk
during the winter, which prevented him from eating the usual rations.
Special diet and the use of the projectile syringe are credited with
effecting a cure. He is now in excellent health.

The youngest female giraffe was successfully treated with the pro-
jectile syringe method for bowel impaction and inappetence of 7 days’
duration. Lacking this new equipment, it is doubtful that this an-
imal could have been treated at all.

During the year a major dietary change was instituted by the
Associate Director and was enthusiastically supported by the entire
animal department. The diets for the carnivores and omnivores were
patterned after those developed by the Philadelphia Zoological Park
and in use successfully by that organization since 1935. It is too
early to draw definite conclusions, but it is felt that these changes
have already benefited the animal colonies by increased reproduction

2} ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

and improved general condition. The technical aspects of the above
diets have been published by the Zoological Society of Philadelphia.

A new herbivorous diet was developed by the animal department
staff with gratifying results.

The feed for the reptile division is still being obtained from various
governmental institutions in the area. Bacteriological isolations
from several large snakes lost during the past year indicated that
feed rodents may be carriers of reptilian pathogens. Specifically,
several isolations of Paracolobactrum arizonae were made from me-
dium-sized boas and pythons whose only source of infection could
have been feed rats. This particular organism is nonpathogenic to
rodents, but it will produce lesions in cold-blooded animals such as
lizards and snakes. At the present time the pathogenicity of this
particular organism is being investigated. At this writing isolations
of this organism have been made from a regal python, an African
python, a western diamondback rattlesnake, and the drain of the
cage inhabited by the first two snakes. This problem happens to
be the most interesting of several in the reptile division. Others are
the high percentage of granulomatous lesions found in the organs
of reptiles and the persistent remissions and exacerbations of the
necrotizing lesions commonly known as “mouth rot.”

In January 1958, the king cobra succumbed after less than a year
and a half in the collection. At the time of death this individual
had attained a length of 11 feet 914 inches and a weight of 141%
pounds. The snake had been off its feed for almost 3 months, and
no amount of coaxing could entice it to eat. Bacteriological cultures
were negative for pathogens, but microscopic sections revealed gran-
ulomatous lesions in many internal organs. Grossly these lesions
showed as white-spotted areas, especially noticeable in the liver. The
small intestine contained many cestodes which seemed to be causing
the snake no apparent distress.

One Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from a 9-foot regal
python with ulcerative and necrotic enteritis. It was interesting to
note that this individual was taken from the same cage inhabited by
those snakes from which two of the aforementioned arizonae isolations
were made. From at least one snake in this same cage an isolation of
Mycobacterium thamnopheos has been made. Within a period of less
than 2 months 2 regal pythons, 1 African python, 2 anacondas, and
2, emperor boas were lost from this cage.

In November 1957, 8 quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) were received
from Perth, Australia, all of which seemed to be in good condition.
However, a week after their arrival, one quokka was found dead
(fighting). From this necropsy these animals were found to be har-
boring large numbers of Austrostrongylus minutus and smaller num-

SECRETARY'S REPORT 173

bers of Dipetalonema annulipapillata. Other than these parasites, no
gross lesions were recognized in this individual. The remaining ani-
mals were given antibiotics and oral anthelmintics (piperazine). A
short time later a second quokka died from an intestinal intussuscep-
tion. It was then noticed that most of the remaining animals were
exhibiting exfoliative type of skin lesions, scrapings from which were
negative. Necropsy findings on another animal dying at this time
were grossly negative, except for the previously mentioned para-
sitism.

Between February and late May there began a progressive posterior
paralysis of the remaining five quokkas. The skin trouble had vir-
tually disappeared and the appetites remained good although some-
times variable. In addition to the vitamin and mineral supplements
which these animals had been receiving for several months, injectable
forms of vitamin E were administered. During this time all recom-
mended diets had been offered and eaten. Despite the treatments and
nutritional changes the paralysis progressed. Two of the animals
were euthanized and the remaining ones died. Necropsies were done
at the National Institutes of Health and the Armed Forces Institute
of Pathology. As yet the preliminary reports from these agencies
have shed no light on this peculiar and perplexing syndrome.

Hight albatrosses were received in December 1957 from U.S. Naval

Installation at Midway Island. Four were black-footed and four
were Laysan albatrosses. All seemed to be adults in good condition,
but none would eat voluntarily. Forced feeding with trout and smelt
fortified with vitamin capsules was begun, but in 2 weeks a Laysan
died. None of the birds was self-feeding at this time and several
were noticeably weaker. First necropsy findings were essentially
negative except that very large numbers of Zetrabothrium cestodes
_ were found in the small intestine.
_ Before the end of January three Laysan and two black-footed birds
had been lost from terminal aspiration pneumonia, probably incurred
through regurgitation of their forced feedings. Weakness continued
to be prominent along with regurgitation of feedings. In February
two more black-footed birds died, one of which was found to have
slight pulmonary aspergillosis. The remaining bird was removed to
another building with its own water tank, where it was felt that the
atmosphere would be more humid. This individual died late in
March with lipid pneumonia, probably from the oil on the force-fed
fish.

After losing all eight birds it was evident that the necropsy find-
ings were secondary, but what the primary condition had been was
not known. Recently it was learned that several albatrosses were
being successfully kept at Pennsylvania State University by adding

174. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

salt (NaCl) to their diet. Apparently these birds secrete sodium
chloride in amounts that require heavy dietary supplementation. In
reviewing the Zoo’s cases it was noted that the symptoms were con-
sistent with salt depletion.

The Zoo’s pair of gorillas developed an intestinal malady caused
by a heavy infestation with Balantidium coli. Fortunately this con-
dition was quickly checked by daily oral administration of carbasone.

Of the 12 Adelie penguins received in February, 4 remain and
seem to be in good health. Deaths in this group were caused by
aspergillosis as in the past. The cooperative aspergillosis research
program with these birds conducted by Dr. William Sladen of Johns
Hopkins University and Dr. C. Herman of Fish and Wildlife Service
continued. A new antifungal drug was tried this year for the first
time with some degree of success.

The pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) received in February from
Formosa died in mid-June from grossly undetermined causes. Micro-
scopic findings have not been reported as yet.

Pigeons caught in the Park were sent to Major Thompson at the
Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Denver, Colo., for a toxoplasmosis
incidence survey, results of which indicate small probability of a res-
ervoir in these birds.

Mechanical injury to the tail of the male cheetah necessitated sur-
gical removal of the terminal 3 inches of the appendage. The com-
bination of ataraxics and short-acting barbiturates proved a desirable
anesthetic in this case, and long-acting antibiotics obtained a favor-
able outcome.

Bacteriological isolations, over 260 in all, were performed by Dr.
Francis R. Lucas of Centreville, Md. Dr. Lucas also assisted with
histopathological sections, blood analyses, and virus isolation
attempts.

Dr. Thomas Peery of the George Washington University has as-
sisted the Zoo with histopathological slides and pathological inter-
pretations. Identification of endoparasites was supplied by Mr.
McIntosh and Mrs. Chitwood of the Department of Agriculture.

Following are the statistics for the mortality rates during the past
fiscal year and a table of comparison with the past 6 years:

Mortality, fiscal year 1958 Total mortality, past 6 fiscal years
Deaths, grAtinition MNO pgee cya ao 672
Mammals: 222552 eee 102 14 IQ Ai re TD Ty 648
Birds (eek nee Smee: wen 181 SA OBOE 2s EEE AE | Misi el eae ee 735
Reptilesa. 26m iieic 142 TE SAN GSGLEe 2 OUR DORR 618
——————————— } 1957_______---_-_------__--__- 549
Total ome ae 425 Payee, 4 NLS Gt Ss Mp Mme Ue 550

1 Attrition is term used for those losses due mainly to the trauma of shipment and handling after accession
at the Zoo, or before an animal can adapt to cage habitation within the collection;

SECRETARY’S REPORT 175

COOPERATION

At all times special efforts are made to maintain friendly contacts
with other Federal and State agencies, private concerns and individ-
uals, and scientific workers for mutual assistance. As a result the
Zoo receives much help and advice and many valuable animals, and in
turn it furnishes information and, whenever possible, animals it does
not need.

Special acknowledgment is due Howard Fyfe, United States Dis-
patch Agent in New York City, and Stephen E. Lato, Dispatch Agent
in San Francisco. They are frequently called upon to clear shipments
of animals coming from abroad, often at great personal inconvenience.
The animals have been forwarded to Washington without the loss of a
single individual.

The food subsidies section, D. C. Department of Food Services, gave
3,400 pounds of wheat flour not salvageable for human consumption.
The U. S. Soldiers Home gave 94 sacks of hard wheat flour and 30
sacks of soft wheat flour. The poultry division of the Department of
Agriculture gave several thousand day-old chicks, which are good
food for many young animals. The National Institutes of Health co-
operated in many ways, helping with postmortems, giving valuable
advice, and donating surplus laboratory animals, some of which were
exhibited and some used as food. Laboratory animals that had served
their purpose were also donated by the Army Medical Center and the
Navy Medical Center.

In August 1957, owing to an outbreak of botulism among the North
American waterfowl, it became necessary to drain and clean the ponds.
Both the District of Columbia Fire Department and the District Sani-
tation Department cooperated in this task, lending the Zoo hoses and
other equipment.

Several times during the year the National Zoological Park has lent
various small native animals to National Capital Park naturalists for
exhibition at special programs. The Zoo has received aid and assist-
ance in exhibition, and several species, from this organization.

In December 1957 eight male deer were lent to the Christmas Pag-
eant of Peace, held annually on the Ellipse grounds in Washington.

VISITORS

Attendance at the Zoo this year reached a total of 4,028,620. In
general this figure is based on estimates rather than actual counts.

176 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Estimated number of visitors in fiscal year 1958

Julky (IGG) saseesessesssee 566, 720| January (1958)____------_-- 123, 900
Aupustisul iis 2 rresnar & 425, 700 | February___-_=-------=--- 49, 225
September__________-----_- ASS, ACG) | laws ke 339, 500
Octo bern ees a swne i sviement SZSHOS 0) |FAtorilAh. Sarees sO eRe see 583, 915
November__--- See) Ne ee 1977-2500) | Miaiyet 32 Gee sft tes ie ae 447, 300
Wecembers 22 veges eee HOA O50) Sum eee 2 ee ase es See can ce 399, 350

Total ./220 ke saewe 4, 028, 620

Number of bus groups

Locality Number | Number Locality Number | Number

of groups] in groups of groups|in groups

Alabamas=sle ee 31 1, 487 || Minnesota__-=_--=- 3 107
Arkansas______=_- 1 36 || Mississippi__-_--_-_ 9 363
California_________ 1 137 || Montana_ 2. 3_-__ <= 1 38
Connecticut_______ 4 244 Nebraska_2 2222200 2 188
Delaware_____-_-__ 11 472 || New Hampshire___ 2 a
District of Colum- New Jersey------- 16 1, 231
Tae! Feb a eho tier 68 2867 ii? New: Yorks. 22255 = 55 8, 271
Hloridat 75.3 — os. 16 3, 665 || North Carolina__-__ 250 | 18, 341
Georgia tsa ees BPA Os ORs || Olio Boe ee 30 1, 541
Minois= = 275 5 224 || Pennsylvania______ 174 12, 306
Indtanap sees 9 374 || Rhode Island _____ 1 108
Kansas2 i225 see 2 1 25 || South Carolina-__--_ 55 2, 567
Kentucky______-_= 10 477 || Tennessee__-_---_-__ 56 2, 759
Mouisiangaea eins 2 TOU | Rexas aoe aget 2 833
Mier ey sais ais 9 AZO Ue Sy Aes 2 ae 3 35
Maryland_________ 380 31, 297 || West Virginia_____ 62 4, 554
Massachusetts_____ 11 394 || Wisconsin________ 1 442
Michigan____.____ 4 574 a Ee
otal eee 1,337 | 99, 515

@anadac 2a Gani: 1 O20) Perineal DU Bei 1 51
Chinas se noaegs 1 18 || Puerto Rico_______ 1 140
Denmark .S2225220 4 44 || Sweden__________- 2 19
Formosai.2. 2.174 1 Lye lets) oye nu olay Oewmrwes a 1 20
Vlaams ysis Niuean 1 37 || Foreign Exchange

INexi Coss epee ema 2 45 students________ 1 800
Norway. 222225. 14 341 =e ae
Patkas Games seme 1 38 Lotale eas 31 1, 650

About 2 p. m. each day the cars then parked in the Zoo are counted
and listed according to the State, Territory, or country from which
they come. This is, of course, not a census of the cars coming to the

SECRETARY’S REPORT 177

Zoo but is valuable in showing the percentage of attendance by
States of people in private automobiles. Many District of Columbia,
Maryland, and Virginia cars come to the Zoo to bring guests from
other States. The tabulation for the fiscal year 1958 is as follows:

Percent Percent
Miamy lama iis eee ele es SO) Dil Tlinoigs 2k eso ele oe eet 0. 7
District of Columbia___------_- 215i) South? Carolinal 2222 sao es 0. 7
‘Walser, aL a ce POPS NMG ChyT eras is cw 5 a ee 0. 7
Pennsylvania, 222 2t eee ee 450) |Mennessee. joc he eee 0.6
IN Gry COT eT NG AERA Utes kee ni nearalilees ea OL OMc ET 0.6
North Caroling 22/22 2l eee st 252" Georgia: ad 2viee head Bees 0.5
New i Jersey. isis. Suse 1.6! |ndianas 2iseN. 2 be ys ee ie 0. 4
Ohio hese weet BOE ys $25" Delaware wees ee es DE 0.4
West Virginia_________________ 12) |iMinnesota |. 22 el 0.3
PRS OTe ay eee ee ae Me WaSecOnsiny 22 2 eee 0.3
Massachusetts ~_-___-_-___---- OF On Kentucky (22 22 oe BE eee 0.3
STO EMT ea Meee WL A 0.8
Connecticut ~-_--- 0.8 94. 0

The remaining 6 percent came from other States, Alaska, Bahamas,
Belgium, British Columbia, Canada, Canal Zone, Cuba, England,
Germany, Guatemala, Hawaii, Honduras, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New
Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Okinawa, Philippine
Islands, Saskatchewan, and the West Indies.

On the days of even small attendance there are cars parked in the
Zoo from at least 15 States, Territories, the District of Columbia,
and foreign countries. On average days there are cars from about
92, States, Territories, the District of Columbia, and foreign coun-
tries; and during the periods of greatest attendance the cars represent
not less than 34 different States, Territories, and countries.

Parking spaces in the Zoo now accommodate 1,079 cars when the
bus parking place is utilized, and 969 cars when it is not used.

GROUNDS, BUILDINGS, AND ENCLOSURES

During the year there were extensive replacements, remodeling, and
repairs to paddocks, cages, and water lines. Roofs were repaired
and roads and sidewalks patched.

Two zebra paddocks were enlarged, and the old cookhouse was
remodeled and refurbished to facilitate the new method of preparing
foods. A special experimental cage was constructed behind the bird
house for the secluded study of species of birds that do not adapt
themselves well to exhibition.

A stationary air compressor has been installed in the shop area.

The basement space under the big tortoises’ enclosure in the reptile

house was opened up and made into a storage room. An insect-rais-
ing room was constructed in the basement of the reptile house, and

178 | ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

the animal department now has centralized and consolidated their
mealworm raising.

A new map of the National Zoological Park, showing the location
of all buildings and exhibits, was prepared, and copies of it, suitably
framed, have been placed at various locations throughout the Park.

Following the tragic death of a little girl who was mauled by a
lion in the Zoo on May 16, 1958, a study was begun to eliminate any
danger points in the buildings and grounds. Wire mesh has been
placed on some of the guard rails, and further precautions will be
taken when the report of an independent committee investigating
safety measures has been completed. The National Zoological Park
has always had a fine record of safety : since 1908, when records were
first kept of the number of annual visitors, approximately 115,000,000
people have visited the Zoo without one instance of serious injury.
The accident in May resulted in the first fatality.

The work of the gardener’s force has been mainly that of removing
dead trees, which are a menace to both animals and visitors, and
replacing them with young trees. The animal department is furnished
with forage which is very beneficial for animals. Heavy logs for the
big cats to climb, perches and sawed hollow logs for small mammals,
gnawing logs for rodents, and perches for birds are supplied on de-
mand, and tropical plants for indoor cages and the buildings are
supplied and cared for.

The accumulation of trash is still a major problem, although the
installation of larger trash receptacles and a number of “litter-bug”
signs posted at strategic spots have helped in keeping the Park
presentable.

With the increase in the number of visitors, the work of the police
in maintaining order and protecting the public and the animals is
constantly growing. New police officers have been authorized for next
year, and temporary men are appointed for the summer months, but
the force is still inadequate. The number of visitors who stopped at
police headquarters to ask for information or to receive first aid was

7,000.
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE

Owing to lack of appropriated funds, no major improvements were
undertaken during the fiscal year. The old buildings continue to
deteriorate, and even the newest exhibition building is now 21 years old
and needs painting and repairs. Ten enclosures, including the pools
for exhibition of aquatic mammals, have been abandoned for nearly
11 years. It is hoped that in the near future funds will be appropri-
ated for the following badly needed new construction and improve-
ments:

SECRETARY’S REPORT 179

Buildings.—A building to house antelopes and other hoofed animals
that require a heated building. The present structure, built in 1898 for
$3,500, is inadequate, dimly lighted, and poorly ventilated. The build-
ing houses a miscellaneous collection of cats, kangaroos, gaur, anoas,
and others. The Zoo has made it a policy not to purchase or accept
antelopes because of the lack of housing for them.

A new administration building to replace the 153-year-old historic
landmark, which is still in use as an office building but is not well
adapted for the purpose. Termites destroyed the photographic file
last year, and most of the Zoo library has now been moved to the
second floor of the building to postpone the day when the invaders will
attack this valuable collection of scientific books. A thorough exami-
nation of the office was made by the District of Columbia Department
of Buildings and Grounds, which recommended that unless extensive
repairs are undertaken immediately, the building be condemned as
unsafe.

A hospital, which will also serve as a fireproof receiving station for
animals shipped in, for quarantining them when necessary, and with
facilities for caring for those in ill health. This building should also
contain an office and a laboratory for the veterinarian. There is no
structure within the National Zoological Park suitable for conversion
into an animal hospital. The building now in use is an ancient stone
house, formerly used as a hay barn and storage shed, which was
hastily cleaned out and sketchily furnished at the time the veterinarian
was appointed in 1955.

E-nclosures.—Enclosures and pools for beavers, otters, seals, and
nutrias, which cannot be adequately cared for or exhibited under exist-
ing conditions.

New paddocks for the exhibition of such animals as deer, sheep,
goats, and other hoofed animals, to provide for the exhibition of a
greater assortment of these attractive and valuable animals.

Installations—Extensive remodeling of some of the buildings is
needed to bring them up to date with the latest techniques of zoological
exhibits and make them more pleasing esthetically for the visitors and
ecologically for the animals.

Respectfully submitted.

TueroporE H. Resp, Director.

Dr. Lxonarp CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area

Sir: It gives me pleasure to present herewith the annual report on
the Canal Zone Biological Area for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958.

SCIENTISTS, STUDENTS, AND OBSERVERS

Following is the list of 43 scientists, students, and observers who
visited the island last year and stayed for several days, in order to
conduct scientific research or observe the wildlife of the area:

Name
Alexander, Dr. T.,
University of Miami, Fla.
Anderson, Eugene,
Santa Monica, Calif.
Bartel, Mr. and Mrs. James,
Pomona, Calif.
Boyden, Dr. Alan,
Rutgers University, N. J.
Brooks, Dr. Robert,
Williams College,
Mass.
Brown, Mr. and Mrs. W. L.,
Toronto, Canada.
Bruno, Kent,
Ohio State University.
Buren, Dr. William F.,

Williamstown,

Public Health Service, El Paso, Tex.

Chickering, Dr. A. M.,
Cambridge, Mass.
Cox, George,
University of [linois.

Enders, Dr. Robert K.,
Swarthmore College.
Fast, Arthur,
Arlington, Va.
Groner, Miss Dorothy,
Los Angeles, Calif.
Hartman, Dr. Frank,
Ohio State University.
Henry, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R.,
Washington, D. C.
Hughes-Schrader, Dr. Sally,
Columbia University.

130

Principal interest
Tropical research.

Bird observation.

Wildlife photography and
bird observation.

Studies in comparative
serology.

Bird observation.

Bird watching and bird
photography.
Assistant to Dr. Hartman.

Study of ants.
Study of spiders.

Preparatory visit to arrange research
on energy requirements of tropical
birds.

Study of mammals and vegetation of
the island.

Bird study and observation.

Wildlife photography and bird obser-
vation.

Muscle studies of birds and adrenal
gland.

Science writer.

Insect cytology.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 181

Name
Johnson, Dr. M.,
Rutgers University, N. J.
Keddy, Dr. and Mrs. J. L.,
Smithsonian Institution.
Kendeigh, S. Charles,
University of Illinois.

Kessler, Dietrich,
University of Wisconsin.
Klingener, David,
Swarthmore College.
Loomis, Mr. and Mrs. H. F.,
Miami, Fla.
Pearson, Dr. Paul,
Rutgers University, N. J.
Prescott, G. W.,
Michigan State University.
Snow, Dr. David,
New York Zoological Society.
Snyder, Miss Dorothy,
Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass,
Stultz, Mr. and Mrs. O. M.,
El Monte, Calif.
Taabor, Dr. Henry J.,
San Francisco, Calif.
Usinger, Dr. R. L.,
University of California.

Walch, Miss Carolyn,

Johns Hopkins University.
Weber, Dr. Neal A.,

Swarthmore College.
Weil, Mrs. Gertrude W.,

University of California
Weil, John,

University of California
Wetmore, Dr. and Mrs. Alexander,

Washington, D. C.
Woodring, Dr. W. P.,

Washington, D. C.

Wyse, Gordon B.,
Swarthmore College.

Principal interest

Research on apical meristems of tropi-
cal woody plants.

Inspection of facilities and wildlife
observation.

Preparatory visit to arrange research
on energy requirements of tropical
birds.

Wildlife observation.

Research on fungus-growing ants and
their fungi.
Collection of millipeds.

Studies in comparative serology.

Supplementary collections of plank-
ton from Gatun Lake.
Bird observation.

Bird observation.

Wildlife photography and bird obser-
vation.

Wildlife observation and collection of
plants and insects.

Main interest is ectoparasites, espe-
cially bedbugs and polyctenids on
birds and bats.

Wildlife observation.

Research on fungus-growing ants and
their fungi.
Wildlife observation.

Wildlife observation.
Bird observation.

The stratigraphic relations of fossil-
iferous beds of early Tertiary age in
the Gatun Lake area near Barro
Colorado Island.

Wildlife observation.

Research and observations were also conducted by some 75 other
individuals who spent one day and night on the island.

VISITORS

Approximately 570 visitors were permitted to visit the island for
the day. Most of them came on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when they
were conducted on guided tours through the jungle.

182 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

RAINFALL

During the dry season (January through April) of the calendar
year 1957, rains of 0.01 inch or more fell during 20 days (33 hours)
and amounted to 1.20 inches, as compared to 12.53 inches during 1956.
During the wet season of 1957 (May through December), rains of
0.01 inch or more fell on 176 days (647 hours) and amounted to 96.77
inches, as compared to 101.42 inches during 1956. Total rainfall for

TABLE 1.—Annual rainfall, Barro Colorado Island, C. Z.

Year Total Station Year Total Station
inches average inches average
PO 252). wei QA Sica are tessa UO AD yh akg eg 111. 10 108. 55
WO2Giga ok 118. 22 LVS 56) 4/4 Sey se 120. 29 109. 20
NO 272 PAGS 116. 36 114. 68 || 1944________- 111. 96 109. 30
O28 ee aa 101. 52 TESTES B35): tio TN 120. 42 109. 84
O29 yah ca 87. 84 106. 56 |) 1946_____-___ 87. 38 108. 81
LOS Oses aaa 76. 57 NOM OL (94722 ee 717. 92 107. 49
POS Misys is 123. 30 104. 69 |} 1948________-_ 83. 16 106. 43
NOS 2 ee es 113. 52 105. 76 |) 1949__________ 114. 86 106. 76
LOSS eee ie De 101. 73 105.32) 1950222" ses ees 114, 51 107. 07
VOSA civ eee 122. 42 O04; )\|\ 9b ee ee 112. 72 107. 28
LOSG Sess 143. 42 NO, is) |) AA ee 97. 68 106. 94
OSGeo 93. 88 108. 98 || 1958________- 104. 97 106. 87
POST See eee a 124. 13 TEL 14 i Mae ee 105. 68 106. 82
VOSS a ae NE is 117. 09 110. 62 || 1955_________ 114. 42 107. 09
OS Orne esis eye 115. 47 110. 94 || 1956_________ 114. 05 107. 30
O40): ee 86. 51 NOOSA Sis oS ofp ee 97. 97 106. 98
POA See eie 91. 82 108. 41

TABLE 2.—Comparison of 1956 and 1957 rainfall, Barro Colorado Island (inches)

Total Years 1957 Accumu-
Month ___| Station of excess or lated

average | record | deficiency | excess or

1956 1957 deficiency
CU LH OLIGO a eee 6.57 0. 66 2.14 82 —1.68 —1.58
DLO THAT TPE URS Eh le i ie Re eae Bey. 0. 67 1,22 82 —0.66 —2. 28
BY Aa Tro ata AA SS DA OS ee, 2.24 0. 02 1.15 82 —1.18 —3. 36
17 V0) Ff a Ea en ey Sa eres RSS 2.61 0.05 2.94 SB} —2. 89 —6. 26
TAY EEN RAO AL VST SP cds URGES a S0U, SDS SC 16. 55 6. 37 10. 87 33 —4. 50 —10. 75
AUT Sees Ae eee kere a Sure Ace ea 6. 85 5.97 10. 95 33 —4, 98 —15. 73
AU yee a IN SINE Ea A 19.55 | 10.86 11.78 33 —0. 92 —16. 65
BANUT TIS Geen ea aS Coe IR SOR 9.48 | 21.90 12. 48 33 +9. 42 —7. 23
Septem beret abate See ee ac pues ea 11.27 | 12.40 10. 04 33 +2. 36 —4, 87
October 222 ee AD TY PEE oe 18.64 | 17.22 14. 00 33 +3. 22 —1.65
INO VET ere aie ere Se Aa Cae es 12. 37 17. 96 18. 79 33 —0. 83 —2. 48
Meco Dera SRE es 6. 81 4.09 10. 62 33 —6.53 —9. 01
DY (CTs eg TM eA eS RC CS 114.05 | 97.97 TOG S98) || ase) ees] Lua —9. 01
Dry: season 2225 ss SR ee, ee ee 12.53 1.20 TAB | Cee PE Vein aes —6. 25

IWietiSeaSon oie 2a ee Oe 101.52 | 96.77 ONS S| ek ne ce beads Nebo —2.76

SECRETARY’S REPORT 183

the year was 97.97 inches. During 33 years of record the wettest year
was 1935 with 148.42 inches, and the driest year was 1930, with
only 76.57 inches. March was the driest month of 1957 (0.02 inch)
and August the wettest (21.90 inches). The maximum records for
short periods were: 5 minutes 1.30 inches; 10 minutes 1.65 inches;
1 hour 4.11 inches; 2 hours 4.81 inches; 24 hours 10.48 inches.

BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND IMPROVEMENTS

Special attention was paid during the year to the improvement and
expansion of existing facilities.

The library on the island was greatly enlarged and altered and was
moved to the lower floor of the new building to make it more accessible
and provide space for improved arrangement of books. A great many
new books and journals have been received, more will be added, and
many old books and journals have been bound or rebound. A
temporary librarian was engaged to catalog the whole collection,
which should make it much more useful to visiting scientists and stu-
dents. Air-conditioning was installed in the new library room in
order to preserve the books and to provide greater comfort for persons
using the library facilities.

Two large aviaries and many smaller cages were built, and many
species of Panamanian birds are now being kept in captivity on the
island for experimental and observational purposes. New insect
cages and vivaria have been ordered. Eight hygrothermographs
were ordered making it possible to keep extensive records of tempera-
ture and humidity conditions in different parts of the island. An
Ampex 201 sound recorder, with accessories, and a Kodak K-100 turret
camera were bought. A portable canvas blind was constructed for use
in the field; and various minor items of trapping and laboratory
equipment, including mist nets, an ultraviolet lamp, new dissecting
kits, and thermometers were also purchased.

A new 30-hp. Mercury outboard motor was bought to provide a
means of rapid communication with the mainland in case of emergen-
cies and also to facilitate fieldwork in the more remote regions of
Gatun Lake and the Chagres River. A 4-hp. Dragonfly air-drive
outboard motor was purchased to facilitate research work along the
shoreline of the island and the adjacent mainland. Large tents, cots,
and gasoline stoves were also obtained and will be available to scien-
tists and students wishing to camp for a few days on the far side of
the island.

Many new items of office equipment, including two new typewriters,
lamps, desks, tables, and chairs were purchased for use in the Balboa
office at Diablo Heights and in the laboratory and library on the island.

479801—58——138

184 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

A reinforced 12,000-gallon concrete water tank was built back of the
old laboratory. This will assure a steady water supply for the ex-
panding needs of the station.

Barbour House was provided with new toilet and shower facilities,
additional dry-closet space, and a concrete septic tank. ‘The old Zetek
House was divided into two sections, one of which is being used as
living quarters and the other as a storeroom and office. A new Cater-
pillar generator was installed on the island and has greatly improved
the electricity situation.

Other routine repair and maintenance activities included the re-
painting of the outside and inside of all the station buildings, small
repairs to the gasoline winch engine, rebuilding the dock on the island,
rebuilding the Frijoles dock site, and repairing the trackway from the
Frijoles railroad station to the dock.

The labor situation on the island has been greatly improved by the
hiring of three additional temporary laborers, and another office assist-
ant was engaged to take care of increased office work in Balboa and

on the island.
OTHER ACTIVITIES

A program was initiated to encourage promising young scientists
to come to the Canal Zone Biological Area to conduct special research
projects. The first of these temporary assistants was C. F. Bennett,
Jr., of the Department of Geography at the University of California at
Los Angeles, who is studying temperature and humidity gradients in
the forest during the rainy season.

The National Science Foundation has provided financial support
for two research projects to be conducted or supervised by the Resident
Naturalist. The first will be a 3-year study of the behavior and evolu-
tion of certain neotropical birds, and the second will be a 6-month
study of certain behavior patterns of sphingid and saturniid moths.
This program will be carried out by a research assistant, Dr. A. D.
Blest, of University College, London.

PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS

As it seems probable that there will be an increasing number of
scientists and students coming to the Canal Zone Biological Area in
future years, remaining for longer periods of time and bringing their
families with them, somewhat more comfortable and more private
living quarters are urgently required.

It is planned to remodel the second floor of the old laboratory build-
ing, to make available separate rooms and additional washing and
toilet facilities. Chapman House is in a very bad state of repair, hay-
ing been heavily infested with termites in previous years and should

SECRETARY’S REPORT 185

be remodeled or replaced to provide more private living quarters and
more work space.

Because the problem of storing materials on the island is becoming
acute, it is planned to build a separate storage shed.

Plans for relocating the island dock have been abandoned, as there
is no convenient alternative site available where the silting problem
would not be equally serious. It has been decided, therefore, to have
the old channel beside the present dock redredged, and arrangements
for this work have already been made.

It is also planned to replace the old winch as well as the launch U. S.
Moon, which is beginning to show signs of deterioration.

In connection with the research projects of the station staff, more
facilities for keeping animals in captivity and conducting experi-
mental work under suitable conditions will be constructed.

Several other projects supported by the National Science Founda-
tion, including a study of the energy requirements of tropical birds
by Dr. 8S. Charles Kendeigh and George Cox of the University of
Illinois and a life-history study of the coati by John H. Kaufmann of
the University of California, may also require more cages and constant-
temperature chambers.

The program of graduate assistantships will be continued, and every
effort will be made to provide all the facilities which future assistants
may need in their work.

The expansion of the library will continue.

It is also hoped to extend the field of research by the station staff
to some part of the mainland. The island itself is, of course, almost
completely covered by heavy mature forest. This is extremely valu-
able; but it would also be useful to be able to do intensive, long-term,
and undisturbed work in other areas of different ecology. An at-
tempt will be made to obtain access to some area of grassland, or
mixed grassland and brush, on the mainland near Gamboa. This will
provide ecologists and students of animal behavior with a much
greater range of opportunities.

FINANCES

Trust funds for maintenance of the island and its living facilities
are obtained by collections from visitors and scientists, table subscrip-
tions, and donations.

The following institutions continued their support to the laboratory
through the payment of table subscriptions:

ASEM Nod alk @O sea aie Ma ek Ge ee $1, 000. 00
INEWoXVorks Zoological: Society22 22200 Yes eae ee ee eee 300. 00
Smithsonianyebnstieutl Ome es ee ee ele ee ee ee 300 .00

C. M. Goethe’s donations during the year are gratefully
acknowledged.

186 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Canal Zone Biological Area can operate only with the excellent
cooperation of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal
Company. Thanks are due especially to the Executive Secretary
Paul Runnestrand and his staff, the Customs and Immigration of-
ficials, and the Police Division. The technical advice and assistance
provided by P. Alton White, chief of the Dredging Division, and mem-
bers of his staff, by C. W. Soper of the Eastman Kodak Co., and by
Lt. K. E. McCall and other members of the Signal Corps Meteoro-
logical Team No. 2, were also invaluable.

Respectfully submitted.

Martin H. Moyninan,
Resident Naturalist.
Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the International Exchange
Service

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac-
tivities of the International Exchange Service for the fiscal year
ended June 80, 1958:

The Smithsonian Institution is the official United States agency
for the exchange with other nations of governmental, scientific, and
literary publications. The International Exchange Service, initiated
by the Smithsonian Institution in the early years of its existence for
the interchange of scientific publications between learned societies and
individuals in the United States and those of foreign countries,
serves as a means of developing and executing in part the broad and
comprehensive objective, “the diffusion of knowledge.” It was later
designated by the United States Government as the agency for the
transmission of official documents to selected depositories throughout
the world, and it continues to execute the exchanges pursuant to con-
ventions, treaties, and other international agreements.

The number of packages of publications received for transmission
during the year was 1,094,798, a decrease of 110,241 packages under
the previous fiscal year. The weight of the packages received was
743,329 pounds, a decrease of 84,568 pounds. During the current
year 19 Government depository sets were assembled for transmission
abroad as compared to 21 sets assembled during the previous fiscal
year. The reduction in the number of Government sets assembled,
together with the use of corrugated cardboard boxes in place of wood
boxes for packing the Government sets for transmission, accounted
for 14,000 pounds of the decrease in weight. One Government de-
partment transmitted during the previous fiscal year 71,500 pounds
of publications that had accumulated during World War IT and
transmitted only 258 pounds of backlog publications during the cur-
rent year.

The average weight of the individual package decreased to 10.86
ounces as compared to the 10.99-ounce average for the fiscal year of
1957.

187

188 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The publications received from foreign sources for addressees in
the United States and from domestic sources for shipment abroad
are classified as shown in the following table:

Classification Packages Weight

Number | Number | Pounds | Pounds

United States parliamentary documents sent abroad___________ 590, 366 |_-.--.____ PPA EME eam
Publications received in return for parliamentary documents |------_--- 8122065 | See eae 13, 385
United States departmental documents sent abroad_______-___- 221,460 |--.------- LS 716055 | Sees
Publications received in return for departmental documents____|.--------- P2719) ce ee 16, 742
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad___| 198,141 |_-_.._____ 199, 968 |_.----_._-
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from
abroad for distribution in the United States__._______--______ BE rie eee 69):3863|222eeee se 100, 264
HUT Oy te) eee a tai Dre ok i ie UNG LEW la eT ae ee ge S| 1, 009, 967 84,831 | 612, 938 130, 391
Grand totale 220 ere ee a RPI) ER 1, 094, 798 743, 329

The packages of publications are forwarded to the exchange bu-
reaus of foreign countries by freight or, where shipment by such
means is impractical, to the foreign addressees by direct mail. Dis-
tribution in the United States of the publications received through
the foreign exchange bureaus is accomplished primarily by mail, but
by other means when more economical. The number of boxes shipped
to the foreign exchange bureaus was 3,082, or 50 less than for the
previous year. Of these boxes 999 were for depositories of full sets
of United States Government documents, these publications being
furnished in exchange for the official publications of foreign govern-
ments which are received for deposit in the Library of Congress. The
weight of packages forwarded by mail and by means other than
freight was 271,560 pounds.

There was allocated to the International Exchange Service for
transportation $31,800. With this amount it was possible to effect
the shipment of 818,887 pounds, which was 40,184 pounds less than
was shipped in the previous year. However, approximately 6,891
pounds of the full sets of United States Government documents ac-
cumulated during the year because the Library of Congress had re-
quested suspension of shipment to certain foreign depositories.

During the year, ocean freight rates per cubic foot continued at the
1957 level. However, on November 5, 1957, a number of carriers
filed a special rate for hauling books and periodicals to the Baltimore
piers amounting to about a 20 percent reduction.

With the exception of those to Taiwan, no shipments are being
made to China, North Korea, Outer Mongolia, and Communist-con-
trolled area of Viet-Nam, or Communist-controlled area of Laos.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 189

FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS

The number of sets of United States official publications received
by the Exchange Service for transmission abroad in return for the
official publications sent by foreign governments for deposit in the
Library of Congress is now 106 (63 full and 48 partial sets), listed
below. Changes that occurred during the year are shown in the

footnotes.
DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS

ARGENTINA: Divisién Biblioteca, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto,
Buenos Aires.

AUSTRALIA: Commonwealth Parliament and National Library, Canberra.
New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane.

SoutH AUSTRALIA: Public Library of South Australia, Adelaide.

TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart.

Victor1a: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA: State Library, Perth.’

Austria: Administrative Library, Federal Chancellery, Vienna.

BELGIUM: Bibliothéque Royale, Bruxelles.

BRAZIL: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.

Buiearia: Bulgarian Bibliographical Institute, Sofia.’

BugmMa: Government Book Depot, Rangoon.

CanapDA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa.

ManiTosa: Provincial Library, Winnipeg.

Ontario: Legislative Library, Toronto.

Quesec: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec.
Cryton: Department of Information, Government of Ceylon, Colombo.
CuILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago.

Cuina: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan.

National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.

CotomsBia: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota.

Costa Rica: Biblioteca Nacional, San José.

Cusa: Ministerio de Estado, Canje Internacional, Habana.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: University Library, Prague.

DenMarK: Institut Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Copenhagen.

Eayret: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo.

FInLanpD: Parliamentary Library, Helsinki.

FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.

GrrMany: Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin.

Free University of Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem.

Parliamentary Library, Bonn.

GREAT BRITAIN :

ENGLAND: British Museum, London.

Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository

of the London County Council.)

Hungary: Library of Parliament, Budapest.’

Inp1A: National Library, Calcutta.

Central Secretariat Library, New Delhi.

Parliament Library, New Delhi.”

1 Changed from Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.
2 Shipment suspended.
8 Added during the year.

190 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

INDONESIA: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Djakarta.

IRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin.

IsgRaEL: State Archives and Library, Hakirya, Jerusalem.

ITaty : Ministerio della Pubblica Istruzione, Rome.

JAPAN: National Diet Library, Tokyo.*

Mexico: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Departmento de Informacién para
el Extranjero, México, D. F.

NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague.

NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.

Norway: Utenriksdepartmentets Bibliothek, Oslo.

Peru: Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Ex-
teriores, Lima.

PHILIPPINES: Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Education, Manila.

PoLAND: Bibliothéque Nacionale, Warsaw.’

PorTUGAL: Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon.

SPAIN : Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid.

SWEDEN : Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm.

SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne.

TuRKEY : National Library, Ankara.®

Union oF SoutH Arrica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal.

UNION OF SoviET Socratist Repustics: All-Union Lenin Library, Moscow.

UnitEp NAtTions: Library of the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.

Urucuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo.

VENEZUELA : Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.

YueosiAviA : Bibliografski Institut, Belgrade.*

DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS

AFGHANISTAN : Library of the Afghan Academy, Kabul.
Bouiv1A: Biblioteca del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, La Paz.
BRAZIL:

Minas Gerats: Directoria Geral de Estatistica em Minas, Belo Horizonte.
BriTisH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara.
CANADA:

ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Hdmonton.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Provincial Library, Victoria.

New Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Provincial Affairs, St. John’s.

Nova Scotra : Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax.

SASKATCHEWAN : Legislative Library, Regina.

DoMINICAN RepusBLic: Biblioteca de la Universidad de Santo Domingo, Ciudad
Trujillo.
Ecuapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito.
Ei SALVADOR:
Biblioteca Nacional, San Salvador.
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador.
GREECE: National Library, Athens.
GUATEMALA : Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala
HaitT1: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince.

4 Receives two sets.
5 Changed from Department of Printing and Engraving, Ministry of Education, Istanbul.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 191

HONDURAS:

Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa.®

Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, Tegucigalpa.
IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik.
INDIA:

Bomepay: Secretary to the Government, Bombay.

BrH4g: Revenue Department, Patna.

UTTAR PRADESH:

University of Allahabad, Allahabad.
Secretariat Library, Lucknow.
West Beneau: Library, West Bengal Legislative Secretariat, Assembly
House, Calcutta.

Tran ; Imperial Ministry of Education, Tehran.
TraqQ: Public Library, Baghdad.
JAMAICA $

Coloniai Secretary, Kingston.

University College of the West Indies, St. Andrew.
LEBANON: American University of Beirut, Beirut.
LiperiA : Department of State, Monrovia.
MALAYA : Federal Secretariat, Federation of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Matta: Minister for the Treasury, Valletta.
NICARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Wxteriores, Managua.
PAXKIsTAN : Central Secretariat Library, Karachi.
PaNAMA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama.
Paraguay: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, Seccién Biblioteca, Asuncidén.
PHILIPPINES : House of Representatives, Manila.
ScorLaAnD: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.
Sram: National Library, Bangkok.
SINGAPORE : Chief Secretary, Government Offices, Singapore.
Supan : Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum.
VATICAN CITY : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City.

INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL

There are now being sent abroad 80 copies of the Federal Register
and 91 copies of the Congressional Record. This is an increase over
the preceding year of 3 copies of the Federal Register and of 2 copies
of the Congressional Record. The countries to which these journals
are being forwarded are given in the following list:

DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD AND FEDERAL REGISTER

ARGENTINA 3
Biblioteca de la H. Legislatura de Mendoza, Mendoza.*"
Biblioteca del Poder Judicial, Mendoza.®
Boletin Oficial de la Republica Argentina, Ministerio de Justica e Instruc-
cién Piblica, Buenos Aires.
CAmara de Diputados Oficina de Informacién Parlamentaria, Buenos Aires.

6 Changed from Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales.
™ Congressional Record only.
8 Federal Register only.

192 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

AUSTRALIA :
Commonwealth Parliament and National Library, Canberra.
NEw SoutH WALES: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney.
QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane.
Victoria: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.®
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth.
Brazi.: Secretaria de Presidencia, Rio de Janeiro.”
BritisH HonpuRAs: Colonial Secretary, Belize.
CANADA:
Library of Parliament, Ottawa.
Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa.
CEYLON: Ceylon Ministry of Defense and External Affairs, Colombo.’
CHINA:
Legislative Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan."
Taiwan Provincial Government, Taipei, Taiwan.
CUBA:
Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana.
Biblioteca Piblica Panamericana, Habana?
CzECHOSLOVAKIA: Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Prague."
Ee@ypet: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Egyptian Government, Cairo.’
FRANCE:
Bibliothéque Assemblée Nationale, Paris.
Bibliothéque Conseil de la République, Paris.
Library, Organization for European Economic Cooperation, Paris.’
Research Department, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.’
Service de la Documentation Etrangére, Assemblée Nationale, Paris.’
GERMANY:
Amerika-Institut der Universitit Miinchen, Miinchen.’
Archiv, Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn.
Bibliothek der Instituts ftir Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel, Kiel-
Wik.
Bibliothek Hessischer Landtag, Wiesbaden.”
Der Bayrische Landtag, Munich.’ °
Deutschen Institiut fur Rechtswissenschaft, Potsdam-Babelsberg II.’
Deutscher Bundesrat, Bonn.’
Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn.’
Hamburgisckes Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv, Hamburg.
GHANA: Chief Secretary’s Office, Accra.”
GREAT BRITAIN:
Department of Printed Books, British Museum, London.
House of Commons Library, London.’
N. P. P. Warehouse, H. M. Stationery Office, London.’ * *
Printed Library of the Foreign Office, London.
Royal Institute of International Affairs, London.’
GREECE: Bibliothéque, Chambre des Députés Hellénique, Athens.
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala
Hairt1: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince.
Honpuras: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa.
Huneary: National Library, Budapest.

® Three copies.
1 Two copies.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 193

INDIA:
Civil Secretariat Library, Lucknow, United Provinces.’
Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi.’
Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly, Srinagar.”
Legislative Assembly, Government of Assam, Shillong.”
Legislative Assembly Library, Lucknow, United Provinces.
Legislative Assembly Library, Trivandrum.’
Madras State Legislature, Madras.’
Parliament Library, New Delhi.
Servants of Indian Society, Poona.’
IRELAND: Dail Hireann, Dublin.
IsRaEL: Library of the Knesset, Jerusalem.
ITALy :
Biblioteca Camera dei Deputati, Rome.
Biblioteca del Senato della Republica, Rome.
Periodicals Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Rome.®
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, Rome.®
JAPAN:
Library of the National Diet, Tokyo.
Ministry of Finance, Tokyo.
JORDAN: Parliament of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman."
Korea: Secretary General, National Assembly, Seoul.
LUXEMBOURG: Assemblée Commune de la C. HE. C. A., Luxembourg.
MEXICco:
Direcci6n General Information, Secretaria de Gobernacién, Mexico, D. F.
Biblioteca Benjamin Franklin, México, D. F.
AGUASCALIENTES : Gobernador del Estado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes.
Basa CALIFORNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali.
CAMPECHE: Gobernader del Hstado de Campeche, Campeche.
CurAaPAs: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Guitiérrez.
CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua.
CoaHuILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno,
Saltillo.
CortimMa ; Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima.
Guanasuato: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato.®
JALISCO: Biblioteca del Hstado, Guadalajara.
México: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca.
MicHoacAn: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan,
Morelia.
MoRELOS : Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca.
NAYARIT : Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic.
Nuevo LEON : Biblioteca del Estado Monterrey.
Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca.”
Puesia: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla.
QuERETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién de Archivo, Querétaro.
Sinatoa : Gobernador del Estado de Sinaloa, Culiacaén.
Sonora : Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo.
TaMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria.
Veracruz: Gobernador del Estado de Veracruz, Departamento de Gober-
nacié6n y Justicia, Jalapa.
YucatAn: Gobernador del Estado de Yucatan, Mérida.

194 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

NETHERLANDS: Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague.*
NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.
Norway: Library of the Norwegian Parliament, Oslo.
PaNnaMA: Biblioteca Nacional, Panama City."
PHILIPPINES : House of Representatives, Manila.*
PoLanD: Kancelaria Rady, Panstwa, Biblioteka Sejmova, Warsaw.
PoRTUGUESE TiMoR: Reparticio Central de Administracio Civil, Dili.*
SwiTzERLAND: Bibliothéque, Bureau International du Travail, Geneva.’
International Labor Office, Geneva.® *
Library, United Nations, Geneva.
UNION oF SouTH AFRICA:
CAPE oF Goop Hore: Library of Parliament, Cape Town.
TRANSVAAL: State Library, Pretoria.
Union oF Sovier SocraList REPUBLICS: Fundamental niia Biblioteka Obschest-
vennykh Nauk, Moscow.
Urveuay: Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE SERVICES

Exchange publications for addresses in the countries listed below
are forwarded by freight to the exchange services of those countries.
Exchange publications for addresses in other countries are forwarded
directly by mail.

LIST OF EXCHANGE SERVICES

Austria: Austrian National Library, Vienna.

BeLeIum: Service des HEchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de Bel-
gique, Bruxelles,

CuiIna: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan.

CzEcHOSLOVAKIA: Bureau of International Exchanges, University Library,
Prague.

DENMARK: Institut Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale,
Copenhagen.

Heyer: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulag, Cairo.

FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies, Helsinki.

France: Service des Kchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.

GERMANY (Hastern) : Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin.

GrrMANY (Western) : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg.

Huncary: National Library, Széchényi, Budapest.

Inpra: Government Printing and Stationery, Bombay.

INDONESIA: Minister of Education, Djakarta.

ISRAEL: Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem.

ITaty: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione,
Rome.

Japan: Division of International Affairs, National Diet Library, Tokyo.

NETHERLANDS: International Hxchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Li-
brary, The Hague.

New SoutH WAtgEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.

NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 195

Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de
VUniversité Royale, Oslo.

PHILIPPINES: Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Education, Manila.

Potanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale,
Warsaw.

PortucaL: Seccio de Trocas Internacionais, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon.

QUEENSLAND: Bureau of International Hxchange of Publications, Chief Secre-
tary’s Office, Brisbane.

RumAniA;: International Exchange Service, Biblioteca Centrala de Stat, Bu-
charest.

Soutrm AUsTRALIA: South Australian Government Hxchanges Bureau, Govern-
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide.

Spain: Junta de Intercambio y Adquisicién de Libros y Revistas para Bibliote-
cas Publicas, Ministerio de Hducacion Nacional, Madrid.

SwerpEn: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. é

SwiTzERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen-
trale Fédérale, Palais Fédéral, Berne.

TASMANIA: Secretary of the Premier, Hobart.

TurKrY: National Library, Ankara.

Union or Sourn Arrica: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape
Town.

Union oF Soviet Socrarist REPUBLICS: Bureau of Book Exchange, State Lenin
Library, Moscow.

Victort1A: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA: State Library, Perth.

YuGosLavia : Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade.

Dan G. Williams, Jr., who was employed by the Smithsonian In-
stitution on February 25, 1946, and who was promoted to Chief, In-
ternational Exchange Service, on August 22, 1948, transferred to the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Birmingham, Ala.,
on March 7, 1958. The undersigned was appointed Chief of the
Service on March 10, 1958.

Respectfully submitted.
J. A. Cotiins, Chief.
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the National Gallery of Art

Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees,
the twenty-first annual report of the National Gallery of Art, for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1958. This report is made pursuant to the
provisions of section 5 (d) of Public Resolution No. 14, 75th Congress,
first session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51).

ORGANIZATION

The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National
Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secre-
tary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The five general trustees
continuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958, were
Chester Dale, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Duncan Phillips, Paul
Mellon, and Rush H. Kress. On May 1, 1958, Chester Dale was
reelected by the Board of Trustees to serve as President of the Gallery
and Ferdinand Lammot Belin was reelected Vice President.

The executive officers of the Gallery as of June 30, 1958, are as
follows:

Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treas- Ernest R. Feidler, Administrator.
urer. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel.
John Walker, Director. Perry B. Cott, Chief Curator.

The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the
annual meeting on May 1, 1958, were as follows:

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Chief Justice of the United States, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
Earl Warren, Chairman. tion, Leonard Carmichael.
Chester Dale, Vice Chairman. Paul Mellon.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
FINANCE COMMITTEE

Secretary of the Treasury, Robert B. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
Anderson, Chairman. tion, Leonard Carmichael.
Chester Dale, Vice Chairman. Paul Mellon.

Ferdinand Lammot Belin.

ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE

Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Chairman. Paul Mellon.
Dunean Phillips. John Walker.
Chester Dale.

196

SECRETARY’S REPORT 197

PERSONNEL

On June 30, 1958, full-time Government employees on the staff of
the National Gallery of Art numbered 317 as compared with 313
employees as of June 30, 1957. The United States Civil Service regu-
lations govern the appointment of employees paid from appropriated
public funds.

Negotiations with the Civil Service Commission which had ex-
tended over several years finally resulted in raising the grade level
of the guard staff one full grade. In addition, 18 other positions
were reclassified upward, including the Curator of Education, the
Curator of the Index of American Design, and the Curator of Graphic
Arts.

APPROPRIATIONS

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1958, Congress in the regular
annual appropriation for the National Gallery of Art provided
$1,645,000 to be used for salaries and expenses in the operation and
upkeep of the Gallery, the protection and care of works of art acquired
by the Board of Trustees, and all administrative expenses incident
thereto, as authorized by Joint Resolution of Congress approved March
24, 1937 (20 U.S. C. 71-75; 50 Stat. 51). Congress also included in
a supplemental appropriation act $31,580 to cover pay increases au-
thorized by P. L. 85-462, approved June 20, 1958. The total appro-
priation for the fiscal year was $1,676,580. The following expenditures
and encumbrances were incurred:

Personal services i tii a0 Cs a a oa Bees Cal Se he $1, 360, 824. 00

Other than personal services_______________-_________________ 315, 756. 00

CDOT a ed ese rg DN SO Se 1, 676, 580. 00
ATTENDANCE

There were 913,481 visitors to the Gallery during the fiscal year
1958, as compared to 942,196 for the fiscal year 1957. The average
daily number of visitors was 2,516.

ACCESSIONS
There were 1,730 accessions by the National Gallery of Art as gifts,
loans, or deposits during the fiscal year.
GirTs

The following 6 paintings and 1,310 bronzes were given to the Na-
tional Gallery of Art by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation in exchange
for 26 paintings and 6 pieces of sculpture:

198 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Artist Title

Vani Dyker 2 Su Soe iui ok Dona Polyxena Spinola Guzman de Leganes.
Rubens ia: 66. ysis aay ae Decius Mus Addressing the Legions.
Titian fee ce seas sae Vincenzo Capello.
EV Greco ss nmi ant oes Christ Cleansing the Temple.
Andres del Sarton 222 ene 2.2. Charity.
gL Wai 2 cep eh be ae eco ies te St. John the Evangelist on Patmos.
Florentine School, XVI Cen- Lion (bronze).

tury.
Sienese School, XV Century... The Capitoline Wolf (bronze).
Francesco di Giorgio______--- Winged Figure with Cornucopia (bronze).
Vee EINE ph Soa Cardinal Richelieu (bronze).
ViaTriouss e222 saiian Ames ax ioe 1,306 small bronzes.

Col. and Mrs. E. W. Garbisch gave ‘“Mount Auburn Cemetery,
Cambridge,” by Thomas Chambers, in exchange for two portraits by
Erastus Field which they had previously given to the Gallery.

During the year the following gifts or bequests were also accepted
by the Board of Trustees:

PAINTINGS
Donor Artist Title
‘Chester Dalesaniu: 2a" 9x3 Stuartly ve ss was Sir Robert Liston.
Eugene 8. Pleasonton-_-_-- Néaglese sia aunss ts Colonel Augustus James
Pleasonton.
Lewis Einstein________-_- Weronese 42.250 eooue Agostino Barberigo.
Clarence vY. “Pahitz:=*_ 222 Lucas Cranach the Nymph of Spring.
Elder.
Mrs. Mary E. Carnegie_... Sargent_..-_.__--- Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain.
Gen. Charles L. Linde- Courbet___._____-- La Grotte de la Loue.
mann.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Unknown_-_-_------- Mr. Willson.
bisch.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Badger_____._----- Captain Isaac Foster.
bisch.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Badger___..---_--- Mrs. Isaac Foster.
bisch.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Badger_._..-_----- Dr. Isaac Foster, Jr.
bisch.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Badger__-___------ Dr. William Foster.
bisch,
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Chipman________-- Melons and Grapes.
bisch,
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Unknown___--__--- Aurora—Goddess of the
bisch. Morning.
Col; and) Mis; He Wi. Gar= “Coe. 23a es Henry W. Houston.
bisch.
Col. and Mrs. E. W. Gar- Unknown___-__---- The Dog.
bisch.

DECORATIVE ARTS

George D. Widener and French-Highteenth Paneled Room with Ap-
Mrs. Hleanor W. Dixon. Century. pointments.

Secretary's Report, 1958

St. John the Evangelist on Patmos: Titian. Samuel H. Kress Collection, National Gallery

2
a
5

ere

Christ Cleansing the Temple: El Greco.

Secretary's Report, 1958 Plate 12

Decius Mus Addressing the Legions: Peter Paul Rubens. Samuel H. Kress Collection,
National Gallery of Art.

La Grotte de la Loue: Gustave Courbet. Gift of Charles L. Lindemann to the National
Gallery of Art.

Plate 13

Secretary’s Report, 1958

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SECRETARY’S REPORT 199

PRINTS AND DRAWINGS

Donor Artist ; Title
Lessing J. Rosenwald _____ Burgkmair_________ The Battie of Padua.
Lessing J. Rosenwald__-__- Master of Cologne Christ and the Woman of
Arms. Samaria.
Lessing J. Rosenwald __-_-_-_ Anonymous German. Calvary.
(Purchased from Print Homer__________-_ 30 wood engravings.

Purchase Fund).
(Purchased from Print Homer
Purchase Fund).

ee ea Sey ne at 2 lithographs.

WORKS OF ART ON LOAN

The following works of art were received on loan by the Gallery:

From: Artist

Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.:
eRbewoeineat Givertyes 2920 ee Monet.
lew Viorica ee EG be ee ee Bellows.

Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York, N. Y.:
iBronzerAndiron (Mars) 2 2200200 2.2 L2 eves Sansovino.
Bronze Andiron (Venus)..22022__ Sansovino.
puiiamOandlestick. 2.280 Ue Briosco.
Mitdoumavand, @hild {52-0 ue et French School, First Half

XIV Century.

Saint Mary Cleophas and Her Family_______- Strigel.

Col. and Mrs. Edgar W. Garbisch, New York, N. Y.:
Twenty-three early American paintings.
Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C.:
Seven objects of Pre-Columbian art.
Mrs. Eugene Meyer, Washington, D. C.:

PS ALLL: MUA 2 Sat Na UE NO Ae te oa emg RO CEN Manet.
brat anus re GN a Cezanne.
Waserok Blowers 22205 2200 Eee ee Cezanne.
“A Days Seer coy ee Ds ia Ta aa oT EI ale cals Cezanne.
Sere fees Se Fait Pa IE he UI AE LSU COREE) NED Mie Cezanne.
PSSETITL TIGA 2d os a a a pct Sa Me Dufresne.
ISIC Ke) Sy Ses le ea ap aT SN et gE ev, a Renoir.
MiammiiyamorOmavoOlas 24 ke Renoir.

WORKS OF ART ON LOAN RETURNED

The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal
year:
To: Artist
Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C.:
Twelve objects of Pre-Columbian art.
Col. and Mrs. Edgar W. Garbisch, New York, N. Y.:
Twenty-four early American paintings.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Wrightsman, Palm Beach,
Fla.:
HL CSRS StH Sg Aa ae eae a Pissarro.
Sketch for the Staircase Ceiling in Wuraburg_. Tiepolo.

479801—58———_14

200 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

To: Artist
Mrs. Eugene Meyer, Washington, D. C.:
pha Deel a trey ae eee cae pees Ae save ey eee Aa ie SENN Manet.
Cha tea un Nines ee ere ite eS Cezanne.
WViETS ORO ETA yy TES ae eee A Cezanne.
ADEA Sail Ore Coes LS cape aa le Oe aN Re Cezanne.
FSV A) Rt espana ae Ree Se ict A Ty E Cezanne.
Sind | ly] rd its) lea eee Re eS LA Be Seca Ae SAUNA Mir Dufresne.
UNIO Uo Ceyeee eae eI NEN one) oP ESL AUN GION a ag a INE Renoir.
IWiaiin Ibvabae Oil A SOP oo Renoir.

WORKS OF ART LENT

During the fiscal year the Gallery lent the following. works of art
for exhibition purposes:
To: Artist
American Embassy, Paris:
America (tapestry) ____________-_-_ 17th Century Brussels.
The Flight into Egypt (drawing)___ Tiepolo.
Design for Fresco for a Ceiling Tiepolo.
(drawing).
American Embassy, Brussels:
Apollo and Daphne (tapestry) —-__- Gobelins, French School.
Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa.:
Siegfried and the Rhine Maidens___ Ryder.
nes VV Abe Geir is tes eae eet Whistler.
Connecticut Historical Society, Hart-
ford, Conn. :

(Cobol thm IP balks IDES Unknown.

Lady with Plumed Headdress______ Unknown.

Charles Adams Wheeler___________ Unknown.

Image gyal SyomL Buddington.
Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y.:

GES} JE@lNeAel Wea Stuart.

New York State Historical Association,
Cooperstown, N. Y.:

PANIIT COGS la GG e aia eee Sea ee Unknown.
JOSepheS Ta dee aes eee ere ce Reine Unknown.
International Exhibition, Brussels:
MS SSis Vicia ACT Orn een ie ania Sea cs eal ae Attributed to P. Vanderlyn.
KIOWwers and! Taio ee Unknown.
Is Sxemclaubnes 1eye Park.
Benjamin Reber’s Farm ___________ Hofman.
He AOE COT a: kN ae a Unknown.
Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore,
Md.:
Ruilshitram diet hess 2 Waren Ne dea Homer.
Woodlawn Plantation, Mt. Vernon, Vir-
ginia:

General Washington at Princeton__ Polk.
Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Com-
mission, Washington, D. C.:
Alexander Hamilton. 222-2 ee Trumbull.
Virginia 350th Anniversary, Jamestown
Festival, Williamsburg, Va.:
Pocahontas esse ee ae British School.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 201

EXHIBITIONS

The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art
during the fiscal year 1958:

“One Hundred Years of Architecture in America,” exhibition
celebrating the Centennial of the American Institute of Architects.
Continued from previous fiscal year, through July 14, 1957.

American Primitive Paintings from the Collection of Edgar
William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch—a selection of the outstand-
ing works from the first two exhibitions of this Collection at the
National Gallery of Art. July 24, 1957, through September 16, 1957.

American Paintings from the Collection of the National Gallery
of Art. August 1, 1957, through September 15, 1957.

The Art of William Blake—commemorating the 200th anniversary
of the birth of the artist. October 19, 1957, through December 1,
1957.

Exhibition of Masterpieces of Korean Art, sponsored by the Gov-
ernment of the Republic of Korea. December 15, 1957, through
January 12, 1958.

Illuminated Manuscript Pages from the Rosenwald Collection, and
North Italian Engravings from the Rosenwald Collection and Gifts
from W. G. Russell Allen. December 21, 1957, through February
12, 1958.

The Fantastic, the Occult, and the Bizarre in Prints from the
Rosenwald Collection. March 15, 1958, through May 11, 1958.

Exhibition of Photographs by Alfred Stieglitz. March 16, 1958,
through April 27, 1958.

American Paintings from the Collection of the National Gallery
of Art. May 16, 1958, to continue into the next fiscal year.

TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS

Rosenwald Collection—Special exhibitions of prints from the
Rosenwald Collection were circulated to the following places during
the fiscal year 1958:

Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts, California Palace of the Legion of

Honor, San Francisco, Calif. :
“The Printmaker 1450-1950,” 26

[OTE OURS BS ACS Mis Wg canes SS a oe ee ed ee 2 September 1957.
Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, Calif. :
“Jacques Callot,” 59 prints_____--_ September 17—October 20, 1957.

Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service, Washington, D. C.:
“Contemporary German Prints” (exhibition tour).
Extended from October 1957 through the spring of 1958.
American Federation of Arts, New York, N. Y.:
“The Life of Christ in Prints,” a circulating exhibition of 50 prints.

202 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Indiana University Art Gallery, Bloomington, Ind.:
“Baudelaire and the Graphic Arts,”

10 prints and drawings____--_---_- October 25-November 17, 1957.
Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, England :
S. W. Hayter, 2 prints________-____ November 1957.

Cosmopolitan Club of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa.:

Blake, 10 prints and 1 drawing_-_-__ November 1957, last 3 weeks.
Smith College Museum of Art, Northhampton, Mass. :

’ Special study exhibition of Renais-

Sance art, 16) prints2 2 oes aes November 18—-December 20, 1957.
Currier Gallery of Art, Manchester, N. H.:
Christmas Exhibition, 20 prints____- November 27—December 29, 1957.

Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.:
Large retrospective Picasso Exhibi-

tions lo prints! 2 ee See eee December 1957.
University of Minnesota, Duluth Branch, Duluth, Minn. :
Christmas Exhibition, 1 print---__~ December 1957.

Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, San
Diego, Calif. :
“The Madonna in Art,” 3 prints___. December 6-29, 1957.
Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, S. C.:
Picasso, ‘“Seculptor’s Studio,” 46
PEUItS ee a Se eee ye) Pa PR February 1-28, 1958.
Art Department, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Ind. :
Lenten Exhibition (Passion of
Christ), 3 sets of Dtirer prints (63
printseinyall) =a eee eee February 26—April 5, 1958.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.:
“Original Pieces of Sculpture by
Aristide Maillol,’ 2 prints, 2
drawings (to show with above ex-

VaNsl)oNU EAC cy) Yee ate a le RS April 15-May 15, 1958.
Barber-Scotia College, Concord, N. C.:
Festival of Fine Arts. 30 prints___._ May 1-17, 1958.

Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Serv-
ice, Washington, D. C.:
Exhibition, “George Bellows—Prints
and Drawings,” 19 prints_________ Extended from May 1958 through De-
cember 1958.
Museum of Art of Ogunquit, Ogunquit, Maine:
Mary Cassatt, 14 prints and draw-
TU 0S SP Es ae a ee ad June 15, through first week in Sep-
tember 1958.

Index of American Design.—During the fiscal year 1958, 18 travel-
ing exhibitions (including 870 plates) with 26 bookings were circu-
lated in the following States:

Number of Number of

State exhibitions State exhibitions

COP at opera sia a 1 Rennsylvaniges ese eee 9

Colorad oe 2 ee See sa sa 1 Mennesseei ef 2s een ne 2

Connecticut eee Za TPE AIGMS ONO AEE bi sc ete ee ae 2

New. Jersey 2 ae a eee 1 UOT tee Ba Le a cM 7
IN @ WV. OTe ae ra a De eel et

SECRETARY’S REPORT 203

Two traveling exhibitions (including 71 plates) with 14 bookings
in 11 States were circulated by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibi-
tion Service.

Four traveling exhibitions (including 110 plates) with 7 bookings in
Virginia were circulated by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.

One traveling exhibition (including 80 plates) was circulated by
the United States Information Agency in Germany.

CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES

The curatorial department accessioned 1,383 gifts to the Gallery
during the fiscal year 1958. Advice was given regarding 341 works
of art brought to the Gallery for expert opinion and nine visits to col-
lections were made by members of the staff in connection with offers
of gifts or for expert opinion. About 2,150 inquiries requiring re-
search were answered verbally and by letter.

Dr. Perry B. Cott, chief curator, was a guest of the Federal Re-
public of Germany for a 4-week tour of German museums with a
group of American museum officials. Dr. Cott gave the following
lectures during the year: “Some German Art Centers Revisited—
195?” before the Municipal Art Society of Baltimore, Md., and “Ob-
servations on Italian and Spanish Painting in the Samuel H. Kress
Collection” at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Tex. He also
spoke on “Business and the Arts” on the occasion of the opening of
the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the Brooks Memorial Art Gallery,
Memphis, Tenn. Dr. Erwin O. Christensen, curator of decorative
arts, gave seven lectures to USIA groups and two lectures to National
Education Association schoolteachers on the Index of American De-
sign. Miss Elizabeth Mongan, curator of graphic arts, spoke on
Blake at the Cosmopolitan Club in Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. Hereward
Lester Cooke, museum curator, spoke on the Gallery LecTcur at the
annual meeting of the American Association of Museums in Charles-
ton, S. C. Dr. Katharine Shepard, assistant curator of graphic arts,
gave a talk on print techniques to a group of young women from the
Washington area. Miss Elizabeth Benson, assistant registrar, spoke
to a group of women from the Washington area on “Venice in
Painting.”

William P. Campbell, curator of painting, assisted in the Judging
of art exhibitions sponsored by the National League of American Pen
Women and the Deimarva Chicken Festival, Denton, Md. Thomas
P. Baird, museum curator, assisted in the judging of exhibitions for
the Christmas Greens on Capitol Hill, the Arts Club of Washington,
St. John’s Church, Georgetown, Church of the Blessed Sacrament,
Chevy Chase, and an exhibition held in The Plains, Va.

479801—58——15

904. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Miss Mongan served on the selection committee for the Exhibition
of French Drawings from American collections to be held at the Boy-
mans Museum, Rotterdam, and at the Orangerie in Paris. She also
served on the board of directors of the Print Council of America and
on its executive committee, and is on the American Jury of Selection
of the International Graphic Society, Inc. Dr. Shepard served as
secretary of the Washington Society of the Archaeological Institute
of America, and on the local committee of arrangements for the gen-
eral meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. Mr. Baird
served on the committee for the annual meeting of the College Art
Association held in Washington, D. C.

The Richter Archives received and cataloged over 2,000 photo-
graphs on exchange from museums here and abroad, and 3,610 photo-
graphs were purchased for the Richter Archives.

RESTORATION

Francis Sullivan, resident restorer of the Gallery, made regular
and systematic inspection of all works of art in the Gallery,
and periodically removed dust and bloom as required. He relined 9
paintings and gave special treatment to 46 paintings and 3 pieces of
sculpture. Thirty-two paintings were X-rayed as an aid in research.
Experiments were continued with the application of 27H and other
synthetic varnishes developed by the National Gallery of Art Fel-
lowship at the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh,
Pa. Mr. Sullivan consulted with artists and engineers in New York
on a new type of fluorescent incandescent light. Subsequently, 10
units of these fixtures were installed in the restoration studio. Tech-
nical advice on condition and the care of paintings was given when
works of art were brought to the Gallery, and such technical infor-
mation as could be given when requested by the public. He inspect-
ed all Gallery paintings on loan in Government buildings in Wash-
ington, and also gave advice on and special treatment to works of art
belonging to other Government agencies, including the White House,
the Freer Gallery of Art, the Capitol, the Treasury, and the Smith-
sonian Institution.

PUBLICATIONS

Dr. Fern Rusk Shapley, assistant chief curator, wrote an article
for the magazine Art in America, Fall 1957, entitled “Old Masters.”
Dr. Christensen contributed the following articles for magazines:
“Opportunities for Research through the Index of American Design
and Related Washington Institutions” for the College Art Journal,
Fall of 1957; “Pennsylvania German Folk Arts” for Art in America,
Fall of 1957; and “A Study of Body Design” for Ford Times, Septem-
ber 1957. He also wrote “American Folk Sculpture” for A Concise

SECRETARY’S REPORT 205

Encyclopedia of American Antiques, vols. 1 and 2, 1958, published
by Hawthorne Books. John Pancoast, registrar, reviewed “Museum
Registration Methods” for the Museum News. Dr. Cooke wrote an
article on George Bellows for the America magazine. Members of the
curatorial staff assisted in the installation of the exhibitions and
publication of the catalogs for the Korean, Blake, and Stieglitz
exhibitions.

During the past fiscal year the Publications Fund published 2 new
11-by-14-inch color reproductions, 3 new color and 8 new black-and-
white postcards. Four additional large collotype reproductions of
paintings on exhibition were produced by outside publishers and
placed on sale by the fund.

The A. W. Mellon Lecture in the Fine Arts by Dr. Etienne Gilson,
entitled “Painting and Reality,” published in bock form, was placed
on sale. The following additional books related to the collection or
with text by a staff member were made available: Pre-Columbian
Art, A Guide to Art Museums in the U. S.—East Coast, and Three
Hundred Years of American Painting. A revised second edition of
Looking at Italian Pictures in the National Gallery of Art was pub-
lished by the Fund.

Other new items made available during the year include the record-
ing of Richard Bales’ cantata, “The Union,” one sculpture reproduc-
tion, and playing cards reproducing two National Gallery paintings.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

The program of the Educational Office was carried out under the
supervision of the curator in charge of educational work and his
staff who lectured and conducted guided tours in the Gallery on the
works of art in its collection.

The attendance for the general tours, Congressional tours, “Tours
of the Week,” and “Pictures of the Week” totaled 43,983, while that
of the auditorium lectures on Sunday afternoons was approximately
12,914 during the fiscal year 1958.

Tours, lectures, and conferences were arranged by special appoint-
ment for 284 groups and individuals. The total number of people
served in this manner was 8,097, an increase over last year of 457
persons. These special appointments were made for such groups as
the various governmental agencies, educators (foreign and Ameri-
can), religious groups, heads of museums, radio and television repre-
sentatives, and convention groups.

The program of training volunteer docents continued during the
fiscal year. Seventy-four ladies were given special instruction under
the general supervision of the curator in charge of educational work.
By special arrangement with the school systems of the District of

206 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Columbia and surrounding counties of Maryland and Virginia these
ladies assisted in conducting tours for 1,101 classes, with a total of
32,548 children, an increase over last year of 9,987.

The staff of the Educational Office delivered 20 lectures in the audi-
torium on Sunday afternoons. Twenty-four lectures were given by
guest speakers, and during March and April Sir Anthony Blunt de-
livered the Seventh Annual Series of six A. W. Mellon Lectures in
the Fine Arts on the theme “Poussin and French Classicism.”

The Educational Department has nine sets of traveling exhibitions
which are circulated to schools, libraries, universities, clubs, etc.,
throughout the United States, and were viewed by approximately
20,000 persons. Sixteen copies of the film “Your National Gallery of
Art” are on permanent loan in distribution centers throughout the
country, and a new film on the Gallery “Art in the Western World”
is available for local viewers. The Educational Office continued the
slide-strip sale and during the year a total of 37 sets of strips con-
taining about 300 slides each were placed in Educational Institu-
tions. The sales of the filmstrip “The Art of the Florentine Golden
Age in the National Gallery of Art” totaled 64.

During the past year 235 persons borrowed a total of 7,239 slides
from the slide lending collection.

Members of the staff prepared leaflets on works of art in individual
galleries, and prepared mimeographed material for school tours; pre-
pared and recorded 20 radio broadcasts for use during intermission
periods of the National Gallery of Art concerts broadcast each Sun-
day evening, and for circulation through audio-visual centers through-
out the country.

A printed Calendar of Events announcing all the National Gallery
activities was prepared and distributed by the Educational Office to
a mailing list of approximately 5,700 names.

Dr. Stites visited museums, monuments, important houses and land-
marks, for the purpose of photographing for a new filmstrip on Amer-
ican painting. He held meetings with religious and cultural groups,
and judged art shows for embassies, Government agencies, and others.
He recorded talks for the Voice of America, gave the commencement
address at Montgomery Junior College, and attended cultural awards
dinner of the Scholastic Magazine. Dr. Evans judged art shows for
the Navy and for community activities groups, gave a slide lecture to
the National Convention of Penwomen and set up a teachers’ aids ex-
hibition for the Arlington County schools. Dr. Evans also made an
§ day survey tour of eastern audio-visual centers, for the National
Gallery’s extension program. Dr. Bouton wrote articles on various
artists for the Encyclopaedia Britannica and attended a meeting of
the Washington Committee of Educational Television. Mrs. Michel-

SECRETARY’S REPORT 207

son consulted with educators of the Fairfax County schools, judged
art shows at the Hecht Company and at the National Collection of
Fine Arts, where she also exhibited. She delivered a lecture at the

National Housing Center.
LIBRARY

The most important acquisitions to the Library this year were 621
books, pamphlets, periodicals, and subscriptions, and 3,610 photo-
graphs which were purchased from private funds. A total of 34
books and subscriptions were purchased from Government funds
made available for this purpose. Gifts to the library included 1,024
books and pamphlets; 836 books, pamphlets, and periodicals were
received on exchange from other institutions. More than 490 visits
were made by other than National Gallery staff to the Library for
study and research during this year, and approximately 1,600 tele-
phone requests for information were handled in the Library.

The Library is the depository for photographs of the works of art
in the collections of the National Gallery of Art. A stock of repro-
ductions is maintained for use in research by the curatorial and other
departments of the Gallery, for dissemination of knowledge to quali-
fied sources, for exchange with other institutions, and for sale at the
request of any interested individual. Approximately 5,400 photo-
graphs were received in the Library and processed for the Library’s
stock in this fiscal year of 1958. Approximately 1,100 requests were
handled of which 1,059 orders were actually filled, 373 by mail and
686 over the counter. Sales to the general public amounted to
$1,156.33 covering approximately 1,500 photographs. There were 295
permits for reproduction of 778 subjects processed in the Library.

INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN

The work of the Index continued as usual and in addition included,
this year, the processing for preservation of some 17,200 renderings.
Approximately 533 persons studied Index material for research pur-
poses, and to gather material for publication and design. The circu-
lation of traveling exhibitions of Index renderings continued during
the year (see exhibitions); and approximately 146 slides were lent
for lecture and study purposes.

The curator of the Index continued to take part in the orientation
program of the USIA personnel, and delivered seven lectures on the
purpose of the Index and on folk arts and crafts in the United States.

The curator of the Index is also curator of decorative arts, and in
that capacity undertook preparation of a guide on “Objects of Medi-
eval Art.” The work of labeling the Chinese porcelains was also
begun.

208 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

MAINTENANCE OF THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS

Throughout the fiscal year the Gallery building, its equipment, and
its grounds have been maintained at the established standards.

The conversion of the elevator in the west wing of the Gallery
building from manual control to automatic operation was completed
in January 1958. Accordingly, for the first time since the opening
of the Gallery in 1941, this elevator is regularly available to the gen-
eral public.

In the outer lobby of the Constitution Avenue entrance two new
marble benches were installed. It is believed that these are more in
keeping with the general appearance of the Gallery than the wood
benches they replaced.

In March 1958 the shipping door at the northeast moat was replaced
with an aluminum door more easily opened and closed than the door
which has served the Gallery since its inception.

In January 1958 the installation of LecTour, an electronic guide
system, was completed in 10 galleries. The device was made available
to the public the first Monday in February. From that time to the
end of the fiscal year 24,651 persons used this guide service.

For the Korean exhibition, the Gallery staff, working in conjunc-
tion with designers from the Smithsonian Institution, created an
unusual installation, using special designs in vertical cases, wall
cases, and special bases. The installation was unique in its field and
was unusually well received by the public.

The expansion of the Gallery’s horticultural program continued
during the year, and the current annual production of plants and
flowers for the garden courts, special exhibitions, etc., 1s valued at
$24,000, compared to less than $6,000 before the greenhouse and cold-
house were made available to the Gallery’s horticulturist late in 1954.
Additionally, it is now estimated that in the greenhouse and growing
beds for future use there are plant materials having a value in excess
of $40,000.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Forty Sunday evening concerts were given during the fiscal year
in the East Garden Court. The National Gallery of Art Orchestra,
conducted by Richard Bales, played nine concerts in the Gallery,
two of which were made possible by the Music Performance Trust
Fund of the American Federation of Musicians. A string orchestra
conducted by Mr. Bales furnished music during the opening of the
Korean Exhibition on December 14, 1957, and at the opening of the
Stieglitz Exhibition on March 15, 1958. A special concert was given
on June 15, 1958, in the Lecture Hall for representatives of radio
and television stations in the East. The National Gallery Orchestra
with the Church of the Reformation Choir presented Mr. Bales’ two

SECRETARY'S REPORT 209

cantatas “The Confederacy” and “The Union” in Constitution Hall
in October 1957. Early in 1958 Columbia Records released its record-
ing of “The Union.” During March 1958 Mr. Bales appeared as guest
conductor at the Eleventh Annual Folk Music Festival in Wilmington,
Ohio, in performance of one of his compositions. Five Sunday eve-
nings during May and June 1958 were devoted to the Gallery’s Fif-
teenth American Music Festival. All the concerts were broadcast
in their entirety by WGMS-AM and FM in Washington. The inter-
missions during Sunday evening concerts featured discussions by
members of the Educational Office staff and Mr. Bales.

During the fiscal year 3,104 copies of 12 press releases were issued
in connection with Gallery activities. One hundred twenty-eight
permits to copy paintings and 166 permits to photograph in the Gal-
lery were also issued.

The Photographic Laboratory of the Gallery produced 11,680
prints, 733 black-and-white slides, 733 color slides, 1,811 black-and-
white negatives, 70 color-separation negatives, 171 color transparen-
cies, 63 infrareds, 33 ultraviolets, and 103 enlargements.

During the fiscal year a program was undertaken to distribute sets
of 500 color slides (2”’ x 2’’) to a number of educational institutions.
The first distribution was made in groups of 100 slides to 103 institu-
tions. Subsequent sets will be shipped in groups of 100 each until the
project is completed.

OTHER GIFTS

Gifts of money were made during the fiscal year 1958 by the Old
Dominion Foundation, Avalon Foundation, George M. and Pamela
A. Humphrey Fund, Miss Anita Rattner, Howell Foreman, and
Mrs. Oma Jeane Rauh.

AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY

An audit of the private funds of the Gallery will be made for the
fiscal year ended June 380, 1958, by Price Waterhouse & Co., public
accountants, and the certificate of that company on its examination
of the accounting records maintained for such funds will be for-
warded to the Gallery.

Respectfully submitted.

Huntineron Catrns, Secretary.

Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Library

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 380, 1958:

Of the 53,274 publications received in the library, 1,394 were books
and periodicals that could not be obtained in exchange. Extra funds
made available during the year for the purchase of books and peri-
odicals made it possible to fill in gaps in some fields. Back issues of
periodicals and some of the much-needed out-of-print reference ma-
terials are being acquired even though in many instances they are
difficult to locate.

The backbone of the library’s collection was enriched by the con-
tinual flow of journals and monographs from scientific, cultural, and
technical societies and organizations all over the world, which were
received in exchange for the Smithsonian publications. New ex-
changes arranged this year totaled 128 and are to be added to the vast
number already established. There were 788 special requests sent to
issuing organizations or societies for back issues of publications to fill
gaps in the library’s collections.

In addition, the library is greatly indebted to numerous organiza-
tions and individuals for special gifts. Outstanding among these
were the 6,659 pieces from the Melville collection on philately re-
leased by the Library of Congress. From Stack’s in New York
came 18 volumes on numismatics. From the library of the late Dr.
Raymond C. Shannon there were received 2,697 books and reprints
chiefly on Diptera. From Dr. Mason E. Hale, Jr., came 22 parts of
Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora.

There were 11,442 publications sent to the Library of Congress, plus
5,176 books and periodicals, to be added to the Smithsonian Deposit.
The others not individually recorded in the library, were documents,
doctoral dissertations, and miscellaneous publications of no immedi-
ate concern to the Institution. To the National Library of Medicine
were sent 1,325 periodicals and dissertions, to the U. S. Book Ex-
change 3,884 publications, and to other agencies 502 items.

The circulation of books and periodicals in the reference and cir-
culation section totaled 11,447. Added to this, 9,526 new publications
were sent to sectional libraries for intramural circulation and filing.
Since no record is kept of the use of the library’s collections in the
sectional libraries, no accurate numerical estimate can be made of the

210

SECRETARY'S REPORT 211

actual use of books throughout the Institution. In all, 959 books
were lent to 100 other libraries. Two outstanding loans were for the
Theodore Roosevelt Centennial Exhibit at the Library of Congress.
In addition the library’s services were increased by 4,012 loans from
other libraries, chiefly the Library of Congress, Department of Agri-
culture, Geological Survey, and the National Library of Medicine.

The 11,394 reference queries answered shows only a portion of the
identifying, checking, searching, and locating required to supply the
right answers to the many complex questions that are asked daily by
the library’s users. Of the 8,583 persons who came to the library,
3,500 used the resources of the division of insects library. The lack
of adequate reading areas in the main library is not conducive to quiet
study and discourages users from availing themselves of the library’s
research facilities.

The catalog section classified and cataloged 4,463 books and pam-
phlets, entered 25,253 periodicals, and filed 26,768 cards. The staff
of the catalog section participated in the west-stacks moving project
in spite of the current work load which had to be met. Cards for all
cataloged material that was discarded had to be taken out. Also
there were 1,000 or more volumes pulled from the west stacks to be
cataloged and added to the permanent collection. A painstaking
search of the card catalog and the library shelves had to be made
before any of the duplicate material could be discarded. Steady prog-
ress is being made on the cataloging of material in the department
of science and technology.

The catalog section prepared 9,000 volumes for binding or rebind-
ing. Through a waiver from the Government Printing Office, the
work was done by a commercial binder under contract. The fresh
new buckram bindings not only preserve valuable research material
but also add to the appearance of the shelves. In addition, 536 vol-
umes requiring special handling by a skilled binder were repaired or
rebound in the library.

David Ray, a foreign-language specialist in the catalog section,
translated 190 letters from other languages, including Russian, and
provided reference assistance to staff members of the Institution on
translations of obscure words and phrases. In April a class in scien-
tific Russian, taught by Mr. Ray, was started for 25 members of the
curatorial staff of the Natural History Museum to aid them in acquir-
ing a reading knowledge of Russian scientific publications.

The special project, started a year ago, of weeding out and removing
the library’s collections in the Smithsonian and Arts and Industries
Buildings was almost completed at the end of the year. ‘The dupli-
eate and special collections which had been stored in the west stacks
in the Smithsonian Building for the past 50 years have now all been

IMD ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

cleared from this area. Some of this material was kept for the In-
stitution’s use, the rest disposed of to various sources including the
U. S. Book Exchange, the Library of Congress, and other Govern-
ment agencies. The Watts de Peyster collection of about 5,000
volumes, including a valuable collection of Napoleona, was deposited
with the library of Franklin and Marshail College at Lancaster, Pa.

The Bureau of American Ethnology library, after the discarding
of some 6,750 items plus about 5,000 reprints, was shifted into this
west-stack area. ‘The east stacks and office library were both weeded
for duplicates and no-longer-needed material, and the entire collec-
tions from both areas were moved to other locations. The Astro-
physical Observatory library, which had been in the Smithsonian
Building, was shifted to the Arts and Industries Building. This
east-stack area, which housed some 60,000 volumes, was entirely
cleared of the library’s collections and has been made available for
other uses. |

The library housed on the second floor of the Arts and Industries
Building has been undergoing a cleanup program since last summer.
Here again duplicates and no-longer-needed publications have been
pulled and discarded. A special crew hired for this project washed
all shelves with soap and water, and all books are being cleaned with
a vacuum cleaner. Altogether, 158,182 books, pamphlets, and period-
icals (bound and unbound) were disposed of as a part of this project.

The working collections in these two library-stack areas are now
easily accessible, and shelving space has been made available for cur-
rent accessions. Pians are in progress for the development of library
facilities for the Museum of History and Technology.

A similar project of weeding and discarding in the library at the
National Zoological Park was undertaken to provide space for its
working collection of books. In all, 750 volumes and pamphlets have
been disposed of, and progress is being made on cataloging this col-
lection.

Most important of the changes on the library’s staff during the
year was the retirement of Mrs. Leila F. Clark as librarian on August
31, 1957, after more than 29 years’ service. Serving first as assistant
librarian in charge of the National Museum library, she was ap-
pointed Smithsonian librarian on February 2, 1942. During her ad-
ministration the library contributed its efforts to the war activities,
providing reference and research materials to the Institution’s staff
as well as to other Government agencies. The consolidation of the
National Museum library with the Smithsonian library on November
2, 1951, resulted in better and more economical library service to the
whole Institution.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 213

On September 23, 1957, Miss Ruth Blanchard, who had been chief
of the catalog section, was appointed librarian. Another important
change was the retirement on September 380, 1957, of Mrs. Elisabeth
H. Gazin, chief of the reference and circulation section. Miss Janice
S. Brown was appointed March 17, 1958, to fill this position.

The librarian and the chief of the reference and circulation section
attended the Special Libraries Association convention in Chicago,
Tll., where they took advantage of the varied activities provided by
the Association’s museum division.

SUMMARIZED STATISTICS

ACCESSIONS
Total
Volumes | recorded
volumes,
1958
Smithsonian Deposit at the Library of Congress________ 22 586, 722
Smithsonian main library (including former office and
MISE TAM lonATICS) a. io 4 ie ee ea ee 7, 890 316, 503
Astrophysical Observatery (including Radiation and
O@reanisiiis) peers etetye t iaion Meee, Mie nee MU ae ae 91 15, 036
Bureau of American Ethnology_________-_-_____-_---_- 366 37, 716
INainionaleAinyViniseumelss Neo fu ee ee es es 61 558
National Collection of Fine Arts____----_-_- CALE NAVAS a 61 14, 140
Nationale Zoological Park ..02 4e 0) 0 eee ee 1 4, 218
“EGRESS 8, 492 974, 893

Unbound volumes of periodicals and reprints and separates from serial publi-
cations, of which there are many thousands, have not been included in these
totals.

EXCHANGES
Newaexchanees:arranced: i794. VON Fel sas tk er ai we Gee ek ee ese 128
ppecialhyarequestedypublications received__- 225.2 2222-5 32 es 788
CATALOGING
W/ORMMESBe TET OC CC Mrn ee pe aminen een eso aN A ck Roo eee 4, 463
(Cohan anlMcopey Geb EECCA AEN pa ea al ON eae ee et See 26, 768
PERIODICALS
Penocdicalgoartscentered. © eases hiyasy Wii eke opel eee es eens ee ee 25, 253
5,154 were sent to the Smithsonian Deposit.
CIRCULATION
oanscombookssandspernodicalgaes seta ss Vara e- ee De ee eee 11, 447

Circulation in sectional libraries is not counted except in the division of insects.

214 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

BINDING AND REPAIR

Volumes isentpio phe bindenyes cud WUE ess Ak casio, ecg asin Lge 9, 000
Volumesimepaired: imitheuibrany sabe lg smile Cai ley ue etiam 536
Respectfully submitted.

Ruta HE. Buancuarp, Librarian.

Dr, Lnonarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report on Publications

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi-
cations of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for the year
ended June 30, 1958:

The publications of the Smithsonian Institution are issued. partly
from federally appropriated funds (Smithsonian Reports and publi-
cations of the National Museum, the Bureau of American Ethnology,
and the Astrophysical Observatory) and partly from private endow-
ment funds (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, publications of
the Freer Gallery of Art, and some special publications). The Insti-
tution also edits and publishes under the auspices of the Freer Gallery
of Art the series Ars Orientalis, which appears under the joint im-
print of the University of Michigan and the Smithsonian Institution.
The second volume in this series appeared during the year. In addi-
tion, the Smithsonian publishes a guide book, a picture pamphlet,
postcards and a postcard folder, a color-picture album, color slides, a
filmstrip on Smithsonian exhibits, a coloring book for children, and
popular publications on scientific and historical subjects related to its
important exhibits and collections for sale to visitors. Through its
publication program the Smithsonian endeavors to carry out its
founder’s expressed desire for the diffusion of knowledge.

During the year the Institution published 18 papers and title page
and contents of 2 volumes in the Miscellaneous Collections; 1 Annual
Report of the Board of Regents and separates of 18 articles in the
General Appendix of the Report; 1 Annual Report of the Secretary ;
4. special publications and reprints of 1 of the series of mathematical
tables and of 1 special publication.

The United States National Museum issued 1 Annual Report, 2
Bulletins, 17 Proceedings papers, and 8 papers in the series Contribu-
tions from the United States National Herbarium.

The Bureau of American Ethnology published 1 Annual Report
and 4 Bulletins.

The Astrophysical Observatory published 6 numbers in the series
Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics.

The National Collection of Fine Arts published 1 catalog, and the
Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service, under the National Col-
lection of Fine Arts, issued 1 catalog.

215

216 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The Freer Gallery of Art issued 1 publication, and a reprint of
1 pamphlet.

There were distributed 530,662 copies of publications and miscel-
laneous items. Publications: 14 Contributions of Knowledge, 30,752
Miscellaneous Collections, 8,709 Annual Reports and 19,418 pamphlet
copies of Report separates, 1,060 War Background Studies, 40,857
special publications, 152 reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition,
54,317 publications of the National Museum, 28,131 publications of
the Bureau of American Ethnology, 21,635 publications of the Na-
tional Collection of Fine Arts, 589 publications of the Freer Gallery
of Art, 12,897 publications of the Astrophysical Observatory, 5,012
reports of the American Historical Association, and 2,006 publica-
tions not issued by the Smithsonian Institution. Miscellaneous
items: 13 sets of North American Wildflowers and 1 Pitcher Plant
volume, 46,039 guide books, 16,933 picture pamphlets, 172,114 post-
cards and postcard folders, 16,796 color slides, 52,138 information
leaflets, 57 New Museum of History and Technology pamphlets.
There were also distributed 208 statuettes, 10 Viewmaster reels, and
10 filmstrips and 5 filmstrip records.

The 1958 allotment from Government funds of $158,500 for print-
ing and binding was entirely obligated at the close of the year.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

In this series, under the immediate editorship of Ruth B. MacManus,
there were issued title page and table of contents of volumes 131 and
134, 4 papers in volume 134, 8 papers in volume 135, and whole volume
133, as follows:

Volume 131

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 4310.) [January] 1958.

Volume 133

Araucanian child life and its cultural background, by Sister M. Inez Hilger.
439 pp., 90 pls., 10 figs. (Publ. 4297.) December 10, 1957. ($7.00.)

Volume 1384

No. 9. The birds of Isla Coiba, by Alexander Wetmore. 105 pp., 4 pls., 15 figs.
(Publ. 4295.) July 8,1957. ($1.30.)

No. 10. The medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches, by Louis M. Roth
and Edwin R. Willis. 147 pp., 7 pls. (Publ. 4299.) December 19, 1957.
($1.25. )

No. 11. Anatomy and taxonomy of the mature naiads of the genus Plathemis
(Odonata: Libellulidae), by Harvey R. Levine. 28 pp., 25 figs. (Publ. 4301.)
September 25,1957. (30 cents.)

No. 12. Permian brachiopods from central Oregon, by G. Arthur Cooper. 79 pp.,
12 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 4802.) December 9, 1957. ($1.30)

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 4811.) [February] 1958.

SECRETARY’S REPORT AWE

Volume 1385

No. 2. Morphology and taxonomy of the foraminiferal genus Pararotalia Le
Calvez, 1949, by Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., and Helen Tappan. 24 pp., 5 pls.,
5 figs. (Publ. 4304.) December 3, 1957. (45 cents.)

No. 3. Geology of Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, by W. P. Woodring. 39 pp.,
3 pls.,3 figs. (Publ. 4804.) February 11,1958. (65 cents.)

No. 4. A new theory on Columbus’s voyage through the Bahamas, by Edwin A.
Link and Marion C. Link. 45 pp., 5 pls., 2 charts. (Publ. 4806.) January
20,1958. (90 cents.)

No. 5. Mineralogical studies on Guatemalan jade, by William F. Foshag. 60 pp.,
4 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 4307.) December 3, 1957. (80 cents.)

No. 6. A revised interpretation of the external reproductive organs of male in-
sects, by R. H. Snodgrass. 60 pp., 15 figs. (Publ. 4309.) December 3, 1957.
(60 cents. )

No. 7. The anatomy of the Labrador duck, Camptorhynchus labradorius
(Gmelin), by Philip S. Humphrey and Robert 8. Butsch. 23 pp., 5 pls., 9 figs.
(Publ. 4334.) May 28,1958. ($1.00.)

No. 8. Miscellaneous notes on fossil birds, by Alexander Wetmore. 11 pp., 5 pls.
(Publ. 4835.) June 26, 1958. (30 cents.)

No. 10. Periodicities in ionospheric data, by C. G. Abbot. 5 pp., 1 fig. (Publ.
4338.) May 28,1958. (15 cents.)

SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS

Report for 1956.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the
Board of Regents for 1956 was received from the printer December 6,
1957:

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing
the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year
ended June 30, 1956. ix-+580 pp., 105 pls., 64 figs. (Publ. 4272.)

The general appendix contained the following papers (Publs. 4273—
4290) :

The edge of the sun, by Donald H. Menzel.

The mystery of Mars, by H. P. Wilkins.

The story of cosmic rays, by W. F*’. G. Swann.

Atmospheric pollution in growing communities, by Francois N. Frenkiel.

Hurricanes, by R. C. Gentry and R. H. Simpson.

Plantlike features in thunder-eggs and geodes, by Roland W. Brown.

Exploration for the remains of giant ground sloths in Panama, by C. Lewis Gazin.

The Kitimat story, by Angela Croome.

Sewage treatment—how it is accomplished, by C. E. Keefer.

Pioneer settlement in eastern Colombia, by Raymond HE. Crist and Ernesto Guhl.

The sources of animal behavior, by G. P. Wells.

Rivers in the sea, by F. G. Walton Smith.

A narrative of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition, 1956, by Waldo L.
Schmitt.

Man as a maker of new plants and new plant communities, by Edgar Anderson.

Project Coral Fish looks at Palau, by Frederick M. Bayer and Robert R. Harry-
Rofen.

Archeological work in Arctic Canada, by Henry B. Collins.

218 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The Cherokees of North Carolina: Living memorials of the past, by William H.
Gilbert, Jr.
Dried meat—early man’s travel ration, by Edward N. Wentworth.

Report for 1957.—The Report of the Secretary, which will form part
of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress, was issued
January 17, 1958:

Report of the Secretary and financial report of the Executive Committee of the
Board of Regents for the year ended June 30, 1957. x+204 pp., 9 pls.
(Publ. 4808.)

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

The history of entomology in World War II, by Emory C. Cushing, vi+117 pp.,
9 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 4294.) [August] 1957. ($2.00.)

The story of transportation, by E. John Long. 36 pp., illus. (Publ. 4812.)
[June] 1958. (50 cents.)

Adventures in science at the Smithsonian, by E. John Long and George Weiner.
44 pp.,illus. (Publ. 4341.) [May]1958. (25 cents.)

Coloring book of the Smithsonian Institution. 50 pp. (Publ. 4842.) [June]
1958. (50 cents.)

REPRINTS

Smithsonian mathematical formulae and tables of elliptic functions, by Edwin
P. Adams and R. L. Hippisley. Third reprint. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol.
74, No. 1, Publ. 2672, 314 pp. [October] 1957. ($4.00.)

The Smithsonian Institution. 49 pp., 29 illus. (Spec. Publ. 4145) [October]
1957. (50 cents.)

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during
the year under the immediate direction of John S. Lea, assistant chief
of the division. The following publications were issued:

REPORT
The United States National Museum annual report for the year ended June 30,
1957. Pp. vi+187, illus., January 17, 1958.
BULLETINS
211. Life histories of North American blackbirds, orioles, tanagers, and allies,
by Arthur Cleveland Bent. Pp. ix+549, 37 pls., February 27, 1958.
215. Studies in Foraminifera, by Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., and collaborators.
Pp. vi+328, December 380, 1957.
PROCEEDINGS

Volume 105
Title page, table of contents, and index. Pp. i-iv, 585-618, June 16, 1958.

SECRETARY'S REPORT 219

Volume 107

No. 3381. Some littoral barnacles from the Tuamotu, Marshall, and Caroline
Islands, by Dora Priaulx Henry. Pp. 25-38, 3 pls., October 21, 1957.

No. 3882. A new species of Calanopia (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the
Caribbean Sea, by Thomas H. Bowman. Pp. 39-45, 3 figs., September 4, 1957.

No. 3388. The frogfishes of the family Antennariidae, by Leonard P. Schultz.
Pp. 47-105, 8 figs., 14 pls., November 1, 1957.

No. 3384. New American cynipid wasps from oak galls, by Lewis H. Weld.
Pp. 107-122, 1 pl., October 23, 1957.

No. 3385. The foraminiferal genus Halyphysema and two new tropical Pacific
species, by Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. Pp. 123-126, 1 pl., January 9, 1958.

No. 3386. The leafhopper tribe Alebrini (Homoptera, Cicadellidae), by David
A. Young, Jr. Pp. 127-277, 39 figs., December 4, 1957.

No. 3387. Two additional Miocene porpoises from the Calvert Cliffs, Mary-
land, by Remington Kellogg. Pp. 279-3387, 30 pls., December 9, 1957.

No. 3388. Studies of seven siderites, by Edward P. Henderson and Stuart H.
Perry. Pp. 339-403, 6 figs., 22 pls., January 31, 1958.

No. 3389. New Neotropical wasps of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera)
in the U. S. National Museum, by C. F. W. Muesebeck. Pp. 405-461, 4 figs.,
January 27, 1958.

No. 3390. North American copepods of the family Notodelphyidae, by Paul
L. Illg. Pp. 463-649, 19 figs., April 28, 1958.

Volume 108

No. 3391. Pycnaspis splendens, new genus, new species, a new ostracoderm
from the upper Ordovician of North America, by Tor Mrvig. Pp. 1-23, 5 figs.,
3 pls., April 10, 1958.

No. 3392. Branchinecta cornigera, a new species of anostracan phyllopod
from the State of Washington, by James BE. Lynch. Pp. 25-37, 16 figs., April
15, 1958.

No. 3398. Type specimens of lice (order Anoplura) in the United States
National Museum, by Phyllis T. Johnson. Pp. 39-49, May 27, 1958.

No. 3394. A new North American bird-flea, by F. G. A. M. Smit. Pp. 51-57,
10 figs., May 15, 1958.

No. 3396. A redefinition of the butterfly genera Tatochila, Phulia, Piercolias,
and Baltia, with descriptions of related genera and subgenera, by William D.
Field. Pp. 103-131, 40 figs., June 9, 1958.

No. 3397. The systematic position of the bird genus Apalopteron, by H. G.
Deignan. Pp. 133-136, 1 pl., June 16, 1958.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE U. S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Volume 29

Title page and table of contents. Pp. i-vi, November 15, 1957.
Part 12. Notes on some Brazilian and other Leguminosae, by Arturo Burkhart.
Pp. 545-551, November 15, 1957.

Volume 30

Title page and table of contents. Pp. i-v, November 15, 1957.
479801—58—_16

220 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Volume 31

Title page and table of contents. Pp.i-v, February 4, 1958.
Part 3. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, III, by Emery C. Leonard. Pp. x+323-
781, figs. 119-274, February 4, 1958.

Volume 32

Part 3. <A revision of the genus Chaetocalyz, by Velva H. Rudd. Pp. iii-+207—
245, 13 figs., February 6, 1958.

Volume 83

Whole volume. The Bromeliaceae of Colombia, by Lyman B. Smith. Pp. i-v+
311, 88 figs., December 24, 1957.

Volume 84

Part 1. Diagnostie characteristics of the fruits and florets of economic species
of North American Sporobolus, by Vera Lyola Colbry. Pp. iii+24, 2 figs., 4
pls., December 17, 1957.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

The editorial work of the Bureau continued under the immediate
direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. The following publications were
issued during the year:

ANNUAL REPORT

Seventy-fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1956-1957.
ii+28 pp., 2 pls. 1958.
BULLETINS

Bulletin 164. Anthropological Papers Nos. 49-56. x-+356 pp., 75 pls., 5 figs.,
15 maps. December 2, 1957.

No. 49. The Ormond Beach Mound, east-central Florida, by Jesse D. Jen-
nings, Gordon R. Willey, and Marshall T. Newman.

No. 50. Hair pipes in Plains Indian adornment, a study in Indian and White
ingenuity, by John C. Ewers.

No. 51. Observations on some nineteenth-century pottery vessels from the
Upper Missouri, by Waldo R. Wedel.

No. 52. Revaluation of the Eastern Siouan problem, with particular em-
phasis on the Virginia branches—the Occaneechi, the Saponi, and the
Tutelo, by Carl F. Miller.

No. 53. An archeological reconnaissance in southwestern Mexico, by Mat-
thew W. Stirling.

No. 54. Valladolid Maya enumeration, by John P. Harrington.

No. 55. Letters to Jack Wilson, the Paiute Prophet, written between 1908
and 1911, edited by Grace M. Dangberg.

No. 56. Factionalism at Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, by William N. Fenton.

Bulletin 165. Music of Acoma, Isleta, Cochiti, and Zuni Pueblos, by Frances
Densmore. xii+118 pp.,6pls. August 15, 1957.

SECRETARY’S REPORT 221

Bulletin 166. River Basin Surveys Papers, No. 8. Excavations in the McNary
Reservoir Basin near Umatilla, Oregon, by Douglas Osborne. With appendixes
by Marshall T. Newman, Arthur Woodward, W. J. Kroll, and B. H. McCleod.
x-+258 pp., 40 pls., 6 figs. 19 maps. January 31, 1957.

Bulletin 167. Archeological investigations at the mouth of the Amazon, by
Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans. xxviii+664 pp., 112 pls., 206 figs. Janu-
ary 31, 1957.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

The editorial work of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
continued under the immediate direction of Ernest E. Biebighauser.
The year’s publications are as follows:

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 2

No. 5. Geomagnetism and the emission-line corona, 1950-1953, by Barbara Bell
and Harold Glazer. Pps. 51-107, 35 figs., November 27, 1957.

No. 6. A new catalog of ancient novae, by Hsi Tsé-tsung. Pp. 109-130. His-
torical records of meteor showers in China, Korea, and Japan, by Susumu
Imoto and Ichiro Hasegawa. Pp. 131-144. February 12, 1958.

No. 7. Distribution of meteoritic debris about the Arizona meteorite crater, by
John 8. Rinehart. Pp. 145-160, 9 figs., January 28, 1958.

No. 8. Sunspots and geomagnetism, by Barbara Bell and Harold Glazer. Pp.
161-179, 12 figs, March 18, 1958.

No. 9. On two parameters used in the physical theory of meteors, by Luigi G.
Jacchia. Pp. 181-187, 3 figs., June 18, 1958.

No. 10. Orbital data and preliminary analyses of satellites 1957 Alpha and 1957
Beta, by various authors. Pp. iii-vii+-189-347, May 23, 1958.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS

A retrospective exhibition of sculpture by Paul Manship. With foreword, “An
Appreciation,” by Thomas M. Beggs. 31 pp., illus. 1958.
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibitions, 1958-1959. 32 pp. 1958.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART

Ars Orientalis, vol. 2. vii+639 pp., 224 pls., 123 fgs. (Publ. 4298.) 1957.
($31.00. )
REPRINT

The Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian Institution. 16 pp., 8 pls., 3 figs.
(Publ. 4185.) 1958.

REPORTS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

The annual reports of the American Historical Association are
transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and are by him communicated to Congress, as provided in

222 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

the act of incorporation of the Association. The following reports
were issued during the year:

Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1954. Vol. 2.
Writings on American History, 1952. 1958.

Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1956.
Vol. 1. Proceedings. 1957.

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION

The manuscript of the Sixtieth Annual Report of the National
Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was not received
until after the end of the period covered by this report.

Respectfully submitted.

Pau. H. Oruser,
Chief, Editorial and Publications Division.
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

Report of the Executive Committee of the
Board of Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution

For the Year Ended June 30, 1958
To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:
Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report
in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with
a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government
bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
PARENT FUND

The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s 6d—
$508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim,
freight, insurance, and other incidental expenses, together with pay-
ment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld
during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the
amount of $550,000.

The gift of James Smithson was “lent to the United States Treas-
ury, at 6 per centum per annum interest” (20 USC. 54), and by the
Act of March 12, 1894 (20 USC. 55), the Secretary of the Treasury
was “authorized to receive into the Treasury, on the same terms as
the original bequest of James Smithson, such sums as the Regents
may, from time to time see fit to deposit, not exceeding, with the
original bequest the sum of $1,000,000.”

The maximum of $1,000,000 which the Smithsonian Institution
was authorized to deposit in the Treasury of the United States was
reached on January 11, 1917, by the deposit of $2,000.

Under the above authority the amounts shown below are deposited
in the United States Treasury and draw 6 percent interest:

Unrestricted

funds Income

AMES IN MIGHSON Se AOU ee ier A Bits Bees $727,640 $43, 658. 40
ANS AEE ERG eS la pe ee 14, 000 840. 00
BES WCeaNh ee sa ae ee ee 500 30. 00
BREW: corvaniN Gch yn aE MS ak Si ea 0 cee he cee 2, 500 150. 00
od gins (cenerall)) ee ee ee eee 116, 000 6, 960. 00
FECT CS eenenerietnien Mian enue Sees Site eo es ae 590 35. 40
Sain 1s Cente ember Cen eee eee Se WL Lit cee a ee 1, 100 66. 00
PING Gent tse eee nels aia sre etre aan as auth as ye ei sa 862,330 51, 739. 80

223

224. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

Restricted
funds Income
Hodgkins u(specitic))= 222s $100, 000 $6, 000. 00
D SAO) 03 sects ey cALM Bi Ge ire aR areal acer eeterpe hates aa eel OCIMENIAL AMON Sin WN 26, 670 1, 600. 20
1 go 7K VSRemRe A By 5 SL Say UE A ee a ae et Ng 11, 000 660. 00
Ad (oY 79 JSC Rm, BEE MES) ASG SG NRE SE ge EC SN 137, 670 8, 260. 20
———————
Grand Cotas eee Ee a Vee Nate aa temas ad 1, 000, 000 ~—60,, 000. 00

In addition to the $1,000,000 deposited in the Treasury of the
United States there has been accumulated from income and bequests
the sum of $3,556,079.86 which has been invested and is carried on
the books of the Institution as the Consolidated Fund, a policy ap-
proved by the Regents at their meeting on December 14, 1916.

CONSOLIDATED FUND

(Income for the unrestricted use of the Institution)

Fund Investment | Income 1958
1958

‘A Dbott, Wrclésspecial: Bo) ee tales Dek cece theese ears: Ny pe a NN Ieee Ba $19, 928. 57 $1, 030. 98
MAW OL y7, (FEC ODOR LIS 5) S30 iss M yh ey eee ea I a em 52, 835. 57 2, 733. 44
Gifts, royalties, gain on sale of securities_______._..__-_-------.-------------- 369, 334. 71 19, 107. 35
Hachenberg, George P.\and Caroline: ---=--.--24-22-2--0 222-228 5, 379. 61 278. 32
SETA TU COn HUA Ose ese os i SE I Se EI EYE VLD Ue vee aL §39. 96 27. 93
Henry; Carolinesose8 22 tie ee eS A EOE, Sa he RO 1, 617. 74 83. 69
Henry, JosephiandblarrietvA 3-22 - 8 Se ee Se aN es ee eS 65, 571. 48 1, 724. 83
Aaa ohney, UM oan (Ch (yaa ))o 8 ee eee 40, 520. 10 2, 096. 26
WY Los oneal D104 oT eaN\ hese et vim gh pets Ra er a Ne Nerd Se ee es Ne 108, 437. 53 5, 351. 29
Olmsted) sHelemvAv yA SS ae ec a cE a 1, 071. 70 55. 45
EXO) gl Fo) tid eV OY Areal Sel sun pa an I SS SA RS UO A NS ee 383, 089. 72 19, 818. 91
*Rhees! William! Jiones 9.226 Fee ee) A SO EE Ses eee 632. 85 32. 75
“Sanford, George vet oe ee RNS Sam Is ce NIETO LGA 209 LPR 1, 190. 73 61.59
*SMIENSON VAMOS sr es nN eel oN Gee oN ra SIDA LER eae Mage Mear aye tueMa esc epLHE 1, 633. 01 84. 50
Witherspoon’ Wybomas Av) ee 5 ee a aa SIR De ra cy eee 172, 621. 90 8, 930. 49

TRO G See ae rs ee Se ee oS eR a aS EN aa ana Rae ne ee 1, 219, 405. 18 61, 417. 78

*In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury.

CONSOLIDATED FUND

(Income restricted to specific use)

Fund Investment | Income 1958
1958

Abbott, William L., for investigations in biology_-........-___-.-_-__-------- $139, 695. 42 $7, 208. 60
Arthur, James, for investigations and study of the sun and annual lecture

UNSER TT Se SU UE UL AS I i 2 53, 496. 50 2, 767. 63
Bacon, Virginia Purdy, for traveling scholarship to investigate fauna of

countries other than the United States.............__..______------.---.---- 67, 016. 55 3, 467. 04
Baird, Lucy H., for creating a memorial] to Secretary Baird--__.___._-__--_-- 32, 206. 06 1, 666. 18

Barney, Alice Pike, for collection of paintings and pastels and for encourage-
MEN OfeATN SriCAMArtIS TIS) CMC sive a aaa a en SN IE 38, 365. 53 1, 984. 85

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 225

CONSOLIDATEDZFUND—Continued

Fund Investment | Income 1958
1958

Barstow, Frederick D., for purchase of animals for Zoological Park_________-_ $1, 337. 32 $69. 19
Canfield Collection, for increase and care of the Canfield collection of minerals_ 51, 160. 58 2, 646. 75
Casey, Thomas L., for maintenance of the Casey collection and promotion of

researches relating to Coleoptera-_..._....-..---------_----------------__-- 16, 766. 55 867. 38
Chamberlain, Francis Lea, for increase and promotion of Isaac Lea collec-

tiontofjgems and mollusks-2 52-2222 4-820 2 oe ee 87, 668. 47 1, 948. 78
Dykes, Charles, for support in financial research-_-___________-__._-_-_--_--___ 57, 595. 87 2, 979. 38
Eickemeyer, Florence Brevoort, for preservation and exhibtion of the photo-

graphic collection of Rudolph Eickemeyer, Jr.---..----_--------------_---- 14, 539. 82 752, 23
Hanson, Martin Gustav and Caroline Runice, for some scientific work of

the Institution, preferably in chemistry or medicine_______________________ 11, 891. 41 615. 18
Higbee, Harry, Memorial Fund, for general use of the Institution after the

period of ten years from date of gift (1957)-------..--.------____-._-______-- 673. 94 34, 89
Hillyer, Virgil, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer collection of lighting

Objects eae ames mute nme Miter NCR ene eee a Ru Suen er 8, 791. 18 454. 81
Hitchcock, Albert S., for care of the Hitchcock Agrostological Library______- 2,110. 71 109. 22
Hrdliéka, Ale’ and Marie, to further researches in physical anthropology and

publication in connection therewith.._.............._.__._----_--------_-- 54, 980. 81 2, 704. 49
Hughes, Bruce, to found Hughes alcove_.____._..-----_--_---------_--------- 25, 604. 12 1, 324. 60
Loeb, Morris, for furtherance of knowledge in the exact sciences_____-_-___-- 116, 578. 66 6, 031. 11
Long, Annette and Edith C., for upkeep and preservation of Long collection

of embroideries, laces, and textiles_____.__.._..__--__-__---__--_------------ 726. 31 37. 57
Maxwell, Mary E., for care and exhibition of Maxwell collection_______-___- 26, 237. 15 1, 357. 35
Myer, Catherine Walden, for purchase of first-class works of art for use and

benefit of the National Collection of Fine Arts__._._.__._.__._----_-------- 27, 018. 91 1, 397. 81
Nelson, Edward W., for support of biological studies_______________.________ 29, 747. 18 1, 475. 56
Noyes, Frank B., for use in connection with the collection of dolls placed in

the U. 8. National Museum through the interest of Mr. and Mrs. Noyes- _- 1, 285. 12 66. 46
Pell, Cornelia Livingston, for maintenance of Alfred Duane Pell collection___ 9, 915. 16 512. 97
*Poore, Lucy T. and George W., for general use of the Institution when

principallamounts)tors250;000r o.oo eee ee eee 215, 574. 10 10, 480. 28
Rathbun, Richard, for use of division of U. S. National Museum containing

WIS EA CE a Beenie een te Re EIR eRe DE et IU ee Che See Be BS 14, 227. 05 736. 02
*Reid, Addison T., for founding chair in biology, in memory of Asher Tunis__ 28, 965. 96 1, 232. 06
Roebling Collection, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling collec-

OnTOferminer als sewer Mime eet AN seal ae aye ati pe ah rye eee RENEE DAN a 161, 436. 71 8, 351. 86
Hoebling{S olarak esearchssi. Meus Sos Cee een Ue ees 40, 635. 92 2, 102. 31
Rollins, Miriam and William, for investigations in physics and chemistry-_-- 171, 753. 27 7, 969. 83
Smithsonian employees’ retirement_.________-.-----___--___----------------- 33, 113. 34 1, 743. 13
Springer, Frank, for care and increase of the Springer collection and library_- 23, 987. 59 1, 240. 96
Strong, Julia D., for benefit of the National Collection of Fine Arts_________- 13, 374. 30 691. 92
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, for development of geological and

paleontological studies and publishing results of same__--._____--_.___----- 640, 318. 28 33, 251. 23
Walcott, Mary Vaux, for publications in botany_---_--_----_-_-_------------ 77, 429. 21 4, 005. 76
Younger, Helen Walcott, held in trust---......------------------------------ 94, 180. 80 4, 792. 15
Zerbee, Frances Brinckle, for endowment of aquaria_--__--------------------- 1, 268. 82 65. 66

2, 336, 674. 68 119, 143, 20

*In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury.

226 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958
FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND

Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave
to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other Oriental objects
of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by
Whistler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave
funds for construction of a building to house the collection, and
finally in his will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stocks
and. securities to the estimated value of $1,958,591.42, as an endow-
ment fund for the operation of the Gallery. The fund now amounts
to $8,118,055.02.

SUMMARY OF ENDOWMENTS

Invested endowment for general purposes__-..-_-___-__--__-_--_-- $2, 081, 735. 18
Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer

TUCO WIG NG oo 22 see I CE SP RO as CCE GER ma 2, 474, 344. 68

Total invested endowment other than Freer______-__-_- 4, 556, 079. 86

Freer invested endowment for specific purposes_________---__-- 8, 118, 055. 02

Total invested endowment for all purposes____-_---_- 12, 674, 134. 88

CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS

Deposited in the U. S. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as

authorized in the U. S. Revised Statutes, sec. 5591__________ $1, 000, 000. 00
Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or market value

at date acquired) :

Bonds sews 20 Me et $1, 189, 444. 34
PSH FOE) eis het et pe ga area ga aay A 2, 328, 183. 81
Real estate and mortgages_____________-___ 5, 801. 00
WUninvestedscapital{s2 sea ees 32, 650. 71
—_____—_—— _ 38, 556, 079. 86
Total investments other than Free endowment__-_...---- 4, 556, 079. 86
Investments of Freer endowment (cost or market
value at date acquired) :
BOSE SNe ea eS SOLON Ra en $4, 597, 684. 90
PSHL ELOY Ss Megs ata cc DUES PS 3, 504, 511. 46
Uninvested capital ask 15, 858. 66
—_—_____—— 8,118, 055. 02

Total: investments: 22 Ue Uo eee a IA ers ded 12, 674, 184. 88

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 227

ASSETS
Cash:
United States Treasury current
ACCOunts = 222 ee ee $768, 885. 37
In banks and on hand__--_-_- 311, 289. 87
1, 080, 175. 24
Less uninvested endowment funds_ 48, 509. 37
$1, 031, 665. 87
Travel and other advances_____________________ 4, 981. 00
Cash invested (U. 8. Treasury notes) --__________ 1, 330, 197. 74
$2, 366, 844. 61
Investments—at book value:
Endowment funds:
Freer Gallery of Art:
Stocks and bonds__________ $8, 102, 196. 36
Uninvested cash__________ 15, 858. 66
——_————— _ 8, 118, 055. 02
Investments—at book value—other
than Freer:
Stocks and bonds (Consoli-
dated Fund) -—-___________ 3, 422, 128. 26
Uninvested cash__________ 32, 650. 71
Special deposit in U. S.
Treasury at 6 percent in-
terest vee ae 1, 000, 000. 00
Other stocks and bonds____ 95, 504. 89
Real estate and mortgages_ 5, 801. 00
r 4, 556, 079. 86
12, 674, 134. 88
FANCY Ut RS eA Pe DEE ale a MJ arya 15, 040, 979. 49

UNEXPENDED FUNDS AND ENDOWMENT

Unexpended funds:
Income from Freer Gallery of Art endowment____-_-----___ $605, 688. 43
Income from other endowments:
FUCS ETI Cle Gee tee bi ara ee $391, 551. 38
Gera ray ek Seal ars ETN AO a 389, 166. 45
— 780, 717. 83
Gittstandicontrib wero sos ee ahead che BUR Se 980, 438. 35

2, 366, 844. 61

Endowment funds:
Freer Gallery of Art_________---- $8, 118, 055. 02
Other:
VES tT CtCG ee as ae te Oe 2, 474, 344. 68
(GiE5 SD EER) lp oe 85S ee SO 2, 081, 735. 18
————————————— 12, 674, 134. 88

USO fea eatin ad eee i eee 15, 040, 979. 49

228

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING FISCAL
YEAR 1958+

Receipts:
Income from investments:

Loan to U. S. Treasury_--__---____-
Real estate and mortgages________-
Special Funds—stocks and bonds_-

Publications essa Mies Rosas

Research grant income

Special gifts and fees:
Gifts and contributions_._-_______-
Special service fees__._...-_._______-

Restricted Funds

General

8, 260. 20
3, 068. 84

Teer iavolvoyeeexohyiebaVeKien sts A A ea Ya

Reinvestment (required by provision
()E 3 Kor aYay fs) Ree Sas
Gifts and grants

Motalsincome ssa seamen ace nuaen
Endowment Funds—
Sales of securities:

Total receipts

Disbursements:
Administrative salaries
Other salaries

Research and explorations and related
administrative expense:
Salaries

Buildings, equipment, and grounds:
Buildings and installations_______-
Court and grounds maintenance_--
Furniture and fixtures
Technical laboratory

Contractual services:
Custodian and legal fees___-____._-

See footnotes at end of table.

12, 473. 29
17, 916. 27

Unre-
stricted Gifts and Total
Funds Grants
Freer

SSROME QING Pini Se esha ie oe ert ea ea ae $389, 152. 67
oR CS $61, 936.05 |--------------] 157,367.61
SD pal GR SL 739580 Noe ee eee 60, 000. 00
LSS ACSI 10) AUN |e ee a 3, 068. 84
AG A RLS Sa ODED |i | mee ee 389, 285. 57
8, 928.54 | 80, 427. 22 $1, 817. 58 92, 086. 52
Bi GA) 35, 231. 72
16,000.00 | 65,929.29 |_---______-___ 81, 929. 29
86. 68 6, 134.87 | 59, 536. 57 65, 758. 12
10, 489.00 |-------------- 10, 489. 00
(8793590) |e ee (8, 793. 90)
NL AO QO 747 | ose 9, 297. 47
INGE 1 a | dice | Ie SO te 19, 346. 10
21, 427, 935.38 | 1, 427, 935. 38
414, 167.89 | 351,526.94 | 1, 489, 289.53 | 2, 387, 154. 39
PIES UI BOLT A CR ace eens eee eee Shay LLY eyy iin)
SRE ae Se ated | fs THUR a bn TS Sie 1, 529, 467. 94
> 14, 966. 65
Rn MERC Pen momiatin DHA Wi eM eal 424, 317. 14
TORU SLED Le 5 Aelia zc |i na Sec Baa 527, 177. 03
(102, 859. 89)
he ean erat Ye MATES ail LN 21, 170. 53
eds Near I NAAN vi stat [pee SL | 18, 648. 61
2, 526. 92
200 scot ae | 2B eR 2, 301, 788. 07
SI 684576u | Sees eee 81, 684. 76
TAB OOOO ch ae ale alle een ea ea 155, 703. 08
NZB EOS 5 Lis cos sets el | aa eee 193, 853. 78
33, 997.33 | 2670, 847. 22 704, 844. 55
11, 739. 68 87436578)| soe ores 30, 443. 80
TI 96854.70)| As Se eae 11, 968. 47
Uepesir ce Pan ae 926.36 |31, 411, 455.91 | 1, 414, 347. 33
21, 309. 67 ONO eS 743) ee 81, 676. 05
10, 426. 31 ORONG5i| ie 2s ee 11, 415. 96
DOB LT Si | eee | SE eT Lec ar 2, 061. 18
5 9E 207) 2 berets ees 159. 20
TOO TEG DE e See ee a eel a enue 1, 097. 62
11, 232. 90 O58 575i | eee aes 19, 896. 82

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 229

CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR
1958 *—Continued

Restricted Funds Unre-
stricted Gifts and Total
Funds Grants
General Freer
Disbursements— Continued
Other supplies and expenses:
Meetings, special exhibits. .--.--|------------ $5, 215.08 | $6,026. 23 |_-------_.____ $11, 241.31
NWO CLUTES she 1s IN a Wee eho ee L890 (06% |o ow cee eS 1, 390. 06
Photographs and reproductions--|------------ 5, 121. 51 QUG 7G: ee sue 6, 037. 27
Wibranyess soto sce eee eee (bea eee oe 3, 216. 39 O65 8a Pao soew ee 4, 182. 20
Stationery and office supply_----]------------]------------ 2665625220 Wee ae 266. 62
Postage, telephone and telegraph_|-----------_|------------ 446540), Se eke es 446. 40
Stamppmachines 522 a a ye ee | eas T8494 80), |p ee 1, 849. 80
Total disbursements..-___----- 61, 137. 23 | 391,977.70 | 199, 148.20 |$2, 082, 303.13 | 2, 734, 566. 26
Excess of disbursements over receipts
(GSES) TOYO) es a eee Ne PE iE 8 BRN RSE A eS Re (432, 778. 19)
(CES EY Joye Lee yerey RBH OYE ELOY a MEY af a a NED Lee a Ne an 1, 904, 072. 19
1, 471, 294. 00

Investment of current funds in United
States Government bonds:
FETE CHASES meee ey a eee eter ee oe PEN WE re nie eee ea SMU eae er cen Be rc ine Eon ae 831, 138. 74

We Neto ee eS kU DU ee ee ae Su eae ees 440, 019. 98
(891, 118. 76)

@ashubalancon Une col O58 saesenc se aoe oe Seen oe eae eens Sac ea ot en See naa sant canes 1, 080, 175. 24

17This statement does not include Government appropriations under administrative charge of the
Institution.

2 Includes receipts for IGY program.

8 Includes disbursements for IGY program.

Note: This figure reflects expenditures of grants for specific purposes received in 1957 for required expendi-
ture in 1958, largely under the IGY program.

The practice of maintaining savings accounts in several of the
Washington banks and trust companies has been continued during
the past year, and interest on these deposits amounted to $8,926.14.

Deposits are made in banks for convenience in collection of checks,
and later such funds are withdrawn and deposited in the United
States Treasury. Disbursement of funds is made by check signed by
the Secretary of the Institution and drawn on the U.S. Treasury.

The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts and grants from the
following:

Albion College, gift to defray expenses of Dr. Leonard P. Schultz in connection
with travel to Albion College.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, grant to defray expenses of Dr.

Leonard P. Shultz in connection with attendance at a symposium dealing

with basic research approaches to the development of shark repellents in
New Orleans.
American Institute of Biological Sciences, grant to defray expenses of Dr.

Herbert Friedmann in connection with attendance at the XVth Zoological
Congress in London.

230 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

American Pharmaceutical Association, grant to support historical research and
attendance at international scientific meetings by George Griffenhagen.

American Philosophical Society, grant for archeological investigations on the
coast of Heuador.

American Philosophical Society, grant to defray expenses of Dr. T. Dale Stewart
in connection with travel to the Iraq Museum in Baghdad.

Atomic Energy Commission, additional grant for the study of specific biological
indicators of ionizing radiation and the mechanism of the action of such
radiation.

Atomic Energy Commission, additional grant for the purpose of conducting a
biochemical investigation of photomorphogenesis in green plants.

Bredin, Mrs. J. Bruce, additional gift for the Smithsonian-Bredin Expeditions
Fund.

Buchanan, Wiley T., gift to establish the Buchanan Fund for Purchase of His-
torical Objects.

Carter Oil Company, additional grant for a research project on echinoid spines.

Clark, Mrs. Leila F., gift to the Library.

Colp, Dr. Ralph, gift to the Northern Mexico Archeological Fund.

Cornell University, gift to defray expenses of Dr. G. A. Cooper in connection
with delivering the Gurley Lecture.

Creole Foundation, grant for the purpose of testing carbon samples for radio-
active carbon in order to obtain dates from archeological horizons in the
Orinoco Basin of Venezuela.

Department of the Air Force, grant for research directed toward the study of
the rate of accretion of interplanetary matter by the earth.

Department of the Air Force, grant for research entitled “Study of Atmos-
pheric Entry and Impact of High Velocity Meteorites.”

Guggenheim, John Simon, Memorial Foundation, grant to cover the costs of
making and printing two or more colored plates for inclusion in a manuscript en-
titled “The Parasitic Weaverbirds” by Herbert Friedmann.

Harvard University, gift for the Peabody Museum, Harvard University-Smith-
sonian Institution Kalahari Expedition.

Henry, Miss Caroline, bequest to establish the “Joseph Henry and Harriet A.
Henry Fund.”

Kevorkian, H., gift to Freer Gallery of Art.

Link, E. A., additional gift for historical research (marine archeology).

Link Foundation, grant for special publications dealing with aviation and Smith-
sonian Institution collections.

May, Mrs. M. Merriweather Post gift to purchase wooden Indian Princess.

National Geographic Society, grant to cover the preparation of technical drawings
of fishes for illustration in the report on the collection of fishes made during the
Arnhem Land Expedition.

National Geographic Society, additional grant to complete the excavations and
related work at the archeological site in Jackson County, Alabama.

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of a research entitled ‘Studies
of Type Specimens of Ferns.”

National Science Foundation, additional grant for research on recent Foraminif-
era from Ifaluk Atoll.

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Mono-
graphic Studies of Tingidae and Presmidae (Hemiptera).

National Science Foundation, additional grants for an optical tracking and scien-
tific analysis program for the U. S. Earth Satellite Program.

National Science Foundation, additional grants for research on “Taxonomy of
the Bamboos,”

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 231

National Science Foundation, additional grants for research entitled “Taxonomic
Study of the Phanerogams of Colombia.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled “Meta-
bolic Aspects of the Digestion of Wax.”

National Science Foundation, additional grant for the support of research entitled
“Monograph of Fresh-water Calanoid Copepods.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Recon-
struction of Migration Routes.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled “Lichens
of West Virginia.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled “Studies
of Cassiduloida (Echinoidea).”

National Science Foundation, grant to assist in defraying travel expenses of Dr.
Martin H. Moynihan from Panama to Helsinki, Finland, and return, for the
purpose of attending the 12th International Ornithological Congress.

National Science Foundation, additional grant for the support of research en-
titled “Photoregulation of Growth in Plants.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled ‘Be-
havior of Neotropical Lepidoptera.”

National Science Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘Com-
parative Analysis of Behavior in Tropical Birds.”

Naval Research, Office of, additional grant to perform psychological research
studies.

Naval Research, Office of, additional grant to perform aeronautical research
studies.

Naval Research, Office of, additional grant to assist work in progress on the
preparation of a synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world.

Naval Research, Office of, grant to provide expert consultants to advise the Navy
Research Advisory Committee.

Nelson, R. Leiland, additional gift for biological studies.

Norris, Mrs. Ernest Eden, gift to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.

United States Commissioner General, grant for preparation of an exhibition of
American Folk and Primitive Art for participation in the Brussels Universal
and International Hxhibition of 1958.

University of Michigan, gift to Freer Gallery of Art.

University of Pennsylvania, gift to defray expenses of Dr. Henry B. Collins in
connection with travel to Denmark.

West Texas Geological Society, gift to defray expenses of Dr. G. A. Cooper in
connection with travel to West Texas.

For support of the Bio-Sciences Information Exchange :

Atomic Energy Commission.
Department of the Air Force.
Department of the Army.
Department of the Navy.
National Science Foundation.
Public Health Service.
Veterans Administration.

Tncluded in the above list of gifts and contributions are reimburs-

able contracts.
The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the Insti-

tution.

Za, ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1958

The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Gov-
ernment bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian
Institution for the fiscal year 1958:

Salaries ‘and expenses 2s ian aine a ahi aud Voit Pia pin asa OM $6, 102, 319. 00
National? Zoological Pea rk eee aie ag enn CA ae 840, 650. 00
National Zoological Park (1958/59) ________-__________ 16, 600. 00
Additions to the Natural History Building ____________________ 800, 000. 00

The appropriation made to the National Gallery of Art (which is
a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution) was $1,676,580.00.

In addition, funds were transferred from other Government agen-
cies for expenditure under the direction of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion as follows:

Working funds, transferred from the National Park Service, In-
terior Department, for archeological investigations in river basins
throughout the United States___-______________ $175, 624. 00

The Institution also administers a trust fund for partial support of
the Canal Zone Biological Area, located on Barro Colorado Island
in the Canal Zone.

AUDIT

The report of the audit of the Smithsonian Private Funds follows:

WasuHineton, D. C., August 25, 1958.
THE BOARD OF REGENTS,
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington 25, D. C.

We have examined the statement of private funds of Smithsonian Institu-
tion as of June 30, 1958 and the related statement of private funds cash re-
ceipts and disbursements (but excluding the National Gallery of Art and other
departments, bureaus or operations administered by the Institution under Fed-
eral appropriations) for the year then ended. Our examination was made in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly in-
cluded such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures
as we considered necessary in the circumstances.

Land, buildings, furniture, equipment, works of art, living and other speci-
mens and certain sundry property are not included in the accounts of the
Institution.

In our opinion, the accompanying statements present fairly the financial posi-
tion of Smithsonian Institution at June 30, 1958 arising from cash transactions
and revenues collected and expenses disbursed by it (and changes in proprietary
interest and fund balances where reflected in cash basis statements) during the
year then ended, on a basic consistent with that of the preceding year.

Peat, MARWICK, MITCHELL & Co.

Respectfully submitted.
Rogert V. Fiemine
CLARENCE CANNON
Cary P. Haskins
Executive Committee.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

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