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Smithsonian 
Institution 


Report of the Secretary and Financial Report 
of the Executive Committee of 


the Board of Regents 


For the year ended June 30 
1962 


Smithsonian Publication 4515 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON : 1963 


CONTENTS 


Page 
Aim DR OLE CLAS ene agai ares en a cere hs ce ae ne yn a er a ec 
Bcucramstatements a ussoe oes Gait eae tp Se Ae a OR eee el 2 i 
seEEStADUShMent esse Mas aa Slee oe ie Se aS et ee 4 
MiieRDOOTOTO Ter Its ene ns oa cp Se a Sh eh eee ee 5 
LEVGIG a Y OTSF SS 2a eo Se A ee a ly Re a BO 5 
RASILOTS mee a ee ore 8 ak tee tee Se Pee pent Dee eee See 6 
Reports of branches of the Institution: 
Wnitedistates National: Museum-~*) 2225-2222 2 ee ee ee 8 
BureamofeAmenicansl thnolopy-. = 22. ea es ee ee ee 42 
ASELO DIY SICAla ODSCIVALOLY sas snes eerie Oe ace eae ee ey 71 
Nationa Collection ofsFineyAtis==2.) 225-252 5e52 2 oa ee ee 94 
Bre Sore CMU NEy 7 Coy fale ee ea Seen ne aT es a Me aA 105 
iwationa lAdrelViise tasty sac eek Wee chee ea Se ae 121 
NationalyZoolocical Parke sis) cj reepate peered ee he a 2 ee 132 
CanaleZoneybiologicalsAreas 2s 5) 2 kph ao Ue See 180 
intpernationalgbxchangelservicel= sss.) 2 2.020528 tee ee 186 
NationaliGaller~golsArge imps ae = 8 Wi a4 oe cits Nake Ue eel ede 196 
EC pOmmOUMDOC MIN TATY aia sain anes MRO ee ee ee a 211 
Ee PO TUROM SDS Cea tI Wise at eA ati SRT ALY BS el hen et a oe 215 
Other activities: 
LASER See OS tS Da AEE el ene UO = Po cl NE 223 
SriencesinLorma tony EH KCHAN Gems epi bani) a Ae) ue eg ere 223 
SMP SONIA My MUSE Lima SEL VICC = s/o a= a ieeee ae nee ee ey eee eee 224 
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_______-_-_-- 227 


ch epi iagioa oC il ace ke Nc: oie ae 


THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
June 30, 1962 


Presiding Officer ex officio—JoHN F. KenNepy, President of the United States. 
Chancellor.—EarL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States. 
Members of the Institution: 
JOHN F.. Kennepy, President of the United States. 
Lynpbon B. Jounson, Vice President of the United States. 
EARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States. 
DrEAN Rusk, Secretary of State. 
DovucG.Las Ditton, Secretary of the Treasury. 
Rogert 8S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense. 
Rosert EF’. Kennepy, Attorney General. 
J. Epwarp Day, Postmaster General. 
STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. 
ORVILLE L. FREEMAN, Secretary of Agriculture. 
LUTHER H. Hopcss, Secretary of Commerce. 
ARTHUR J. GOLDBERG, Secretary of Labor. 
ABRAHAM A. Risicorr, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. 
Regents of the Institution: 
EARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. 
Lynvon B. JoHnson, Vice President of the United States. 
Ciinton P, ANDERSON, Member of the Senate. 
J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, Member of the Senate. 
LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate. 
FRANK T. Bow, Member of the House of Representatives. 
CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. 
MicHart J. Kirwan, Member of the House of Representatives. 
JOHN NICHOLAS BRowy, citizen of Rhode Island. 
Rosert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D.C. 
CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALT, citizen of Delaware. 
CARYL P. HASKINS, citizen of Washington, D.C. 
JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts. 
Executive Committee—Rosert V. FLeMine, Chairman, CLARENCE CANNON, 
CaRyYL P. HASKINS. 
Secretary.—LEONARD CARMICHAEL. 
Assistant Secretaries —A. REMINGTON KELLOGG, JAMES C. BRADLEY. 
Assistant to the Secretary.—THEODORE W. TAYLOR. 
Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—MRrs. LOUISE M. PEARSON. 
Treasurer.—HpGar L. Roy. 
Chief, editorial and publications division—PAuUL H. OEHSER. 
Librarian.—Rvutu EH. BLANCHARD. 
Curator, Smithsonian Museum Service.—G. CARROLL LINDSAY. 
Buildings Manager.—ANDREW F. MICHAELS, JR. 
Director of Personnel._Jk. A. KENNEDY. 
Chief, supply division—A. W. WILDING. 
Chief, photographic service division.—O. H. GREESON. 


VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Director.—A, Remington Kellogg. 
Registrar.—Helena M. Weiss. 


MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 


Director.—A. C. Smith. 
Administrative officer—Mrs. Mabel A. Byrd. 
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY: T. Dale Stewart, head curator; A. J. Andrews, 
exhibits specialist. 
Division of Archeology: W. R. Wedel, curator; Clifford Evans, Jr., G. W. 
Van Beek, associate curators. 
Division of Ethnology: S. H. Riesenberg, curator; G. D. Gibson, H. I. Knez, 
W. H. Crocker, associate curators; R. A. Elder, Jr., assistant curator. 
Division of Physical Anthropology: T. D. Stewart, acting curator; M. T. 
° Newman, associate curator. 
DEPARTMENT OF ZooLocy : H. H. Hobbs, Jr., head curator. 
Division of Mammals: D. H. Johnson, curator; C. O. Handley, Jr., H. W. 
Setzer, associate curators. 
Division of Birds: P. S. Humphrey, curator. 
Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, curator. 
Division of Fishes: L. P. Schultz, curator; E. A. Lachner, W. R. Taylor, 
associate curators. 
Division of Insects: J. F. G. Clarke, curator; O. L. Cartwright, R. EH. Cra- 
bill, Jr., W. D. Field, O. 8. Flint, Jr., D. R. Davis, associate curators. 
Division of Marine Invertebrates: F. A. Chace, Jr., curator; T. EH. Bowman, 
C. KE. Cutress, Jr., D. F. Squires, associate curators. 
Division of Mollusks: H. A. Rehder, curator; J. P. E. Morrison, Joseph 
Rosewater, associate curators. 
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (NATIONAL HERBARIUM): J. R. Swallen, head curator. 
Division of Phanerogams: lL. B. Smith, curator: R. S. Cowan, Velva HE. 
Rudd, J. J. Wurdack, associate curators. 
Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator. 
Division of Grasses: J. R. Swallen, acting curator: T. R. Soderstrom, as- 
sociate curator. 
Division of Cryptogams: M. B. Hale, Jr., curator; P. S. Conger, associate 
eurator. 
Division of Woods: W. L. Stern, curator. 
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY: G. A. Cooper, head curator. 
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: G. 8. Switzer, curator; P. E. Desau- 
tels, E. P. Henderson, associate curators; R. 8. Clarke, Jr., chemist. 
Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: R. 8. Boardman, 
curator; P. M. Kier, Richard Cifelli, E. G. Kauffman, associate curators. 
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator; Nicholas Hotton 
III, associate curator ; F. L. Pearce, exhibits specialist. 


MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 


Director.—F¥. A. Taylor. 

Assistant Director.—J. C. Hwers. 
Administrative officer—W. HE. Boyle. 
Chief exhibits specialist —J. E. Anglim. 
In charge of tawidermy.—W. M. Perrygo. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT VII 


Assistant chief exhibits specialists—B. S. Bory, B. W. Lawless, Jr., Julius 
Tretick. 

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: R. P. Multhauf, head curator: Joseph 
E. Rudmann, assistant curator. 

Division of Physical Sciences: L. C. Lewis, curator; W. F. Cannon, associate 
curator. 

Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering: S. A. Bedini, curator; H. A. 
Battison, R. M. Vogel, associate curators. 

Division of Transportation: H. I. Chapelle, curator; K. M. Perry, J. H. 
White, Jr., associate curators. 

Division of Electricity: R. P. Multhauf, acting curator. 

Division of Medical Sciences: S. K. Hamarneh, associate curator in charge. 

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES: P. W. Bishop, head curator. 

Division of Textiles: Mrs. Grace R. Cooper, curator. 

Division of Ceramics and Glass: P. V. Gardner, curator. 

Division of Graphic Arts: Jacob Kainen, curator; F. O. Griffith, Hugene 
Ostroff, associate curators. 

Division of Manufactures and Heavy Industries: P. W. Bishop, acting cura- 
tor; C. O. Houston, Jr., associate curator. 

Division of Agriculture and Forest Products: EH. C. Kendall, associate cura- 
tor in charge. 

DEPARTMENT OF Civil History: Richard H. Howland, head curator; P. C. Welsh, 
associate curator; Doris A. Esch, assistant curator; Ellen J. Finnegan, junior 
curator. 

Diwwision of Political History: W. KE. Washburn, curator; Mrs. Margaret 
Brown Klapthor, associate curator; Mrs. Anne W. Murray, H. R. Collins, 
K. E. Melder, assistant curators. 

Division of Cultural History: C. Malcolm Watkins, curator; Rodris C. Roth, 
associate curator; Anthony W. Hathaway, J. N. Pearce, Cynthia L. Adams, 
assistant curators. 

Division of Philately and Postal History: Richard H. Howland, acting cura- 
tor; G. T. Turner, F. J. McCall, associate curators; C. H. Scheele, assist- 
ant curator. 

Division of Numismatics: Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli, curator; Mrs. Elvira 
Clain-Stefanelli, associate curator. 

DEPARTMENT OF ARMED ForcEsS History: M. L. Peterson, head curator. 

Division of Military History: BE. M. Howell, curator; C. R. Goins, Jr., 
associate curator. 

Division of Naval History: P. K. Lundeberg, curator; M. H. Jackson, 
associate curator. 


BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 


Director.—¥. H. H. Roberts, Jr. 

Anthropologist.—H. B. Collins, Jr. 

Hthnologists.—W. C. Sturtevant, W. L. Chafe. 

River Basin Surveys.—F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., Director; R. L. Stephenson, 
Chief, Missouri Basin Project. 


ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 


Director.—¥. L. Whipple. 

Assistant Director.—C. W. Tillinghast. 

Astronomers.—G. Colombo, L. Goldberg, S. Hamid, I. G. Izsak, Y. Kozai, 
J. Slowey, F. W. Wright, P. E. Zadunaisky. 


VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Mathematicians.—R. E. Briggs, D. A. Lautman. 

Physicists—E. Avrett, A. F. Cook, R. J. Davis, J. DeFelice, H. L. Fireman, 
F, Franklin, O. Gingerich, M. Grossi, P. W. Hodge, L. G. Jacchia, W. Kalkofen, 
M. Krook, R. EB. McCrosky, H. Mitler, T. W. Noonan, R. B. Riggs, Jr., O. P. 
Rustgi, A. Skalafuris, R. B. Southworth, D. Tilles, C. A. Whitney. 

Geodesists.—J. Rolff, G. Veis. 

Geologists.—V. B. Marvin, J. Wood. 


DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS : 

Chief —W. H. Klein. 

Plant physiologists—P. J. A. L. deLint, J. L. Edwards, V. B. Elstad, K. 
Mitrakos, L. Price. 

Biophysicist—W. Shropshire. 

Biochemist.—M. Margulies. 

Cytogeneticist.—_R. L. Latterell. 

Electronic Engineer.—J. H. Harrison. 

Instrument engineering technician.—D. G. Talbert. 


NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS 


Director.—T. M. Beggs. 
Associate curator.—Rowland Lyon. 
SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING Exuisition SeRvVIcE.—Mrs. Annemarie H. Pope, Chief. 


FREER GALLERY OF ART 


Director.—Joun A. Pope. 

Acting Assistant Director.—Harold P. Stern. 

Head curator, Near Eastern Art.—Richard Ettinghausen. 
Associate curator, Chinese Art—James F. Cahill. 
Head curator, Laboratory.—Rutherford J. Gettens. 


NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM 


Advisory Board: 
Leonard Carmichael, Chairman. 
Maj. Gen. Brooke E. Allen, U.S. Air Force. 
Rear Adm. P. D. Stroop, U.S. Navy. 
Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle (U.S.A.F. Ret.) 
Grover Loening. 
Director.—P. S. Hopkins. 
Head curator and historian.—P. HK. Garber. 
Curators.—.L. 8S. Casey, K. #. Newland. 
Curator.—R. B. Meyer. 


NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK 


Director.—T. H. Reed. 

Associate Director.—J. L. Grimmer. 
General Curator.—Waldfried T. Roth. 
Zoologist.—Marion McCrane. 
Veterinarian.—James F. Wright. 


CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA 
Resident Naturalist—M. H. Moynihan. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT | 
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE 
Chief —J. A. Collins. 
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART 

Trustees: 

HARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman. 

DEAN Rusk, Secretary of State. 

DovueGLas Ditton, Secretary of the Treasury. 

LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 

CHESTER DALE. 

PAUL MELLON. 

Rusu H. Kress. 

JOHN HAY WHITNEY. 

JOHN N. Irwin II. 
President.— CHESTER DALE. 
Vice President. PAUL MELLON. 
Secretary-Treasurer.—HuUNTINGTON CAIRNS. 
Director.—JOHN WALKER. 
Adminisirator.—HRNEST R. FEIDLER. 
General Counsel HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. 
Chief Curator.—Perry B. Cort. 

* * * * 
Honorary Research Associates, Collaborators, and Fellows 
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY 
John HE. Graf 
Unitep States NationaL Museum 
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 
Anthropology 
J. M. Campbell, Archeology. Betty J. Meggers, Archeology. 
G. H. Cole, Archeology. F. M. Setzler, Anthropology. 
Albert Jamme, Archeology. H. Morgan Smith, Archeology. 
N. M. Judd, Archeology. W. W. Taylor, Jr., Archeology. 
H. W. Krieger, Ethnology. W. J. Tobin, Physical Anthropology. 
Zoology 

Mrs. Doris H. Blake, Insects. Allen McIntosh, Mollusks. 
J. Bruce Bredin, Biology. J. P. Moore, Marine Invertebrates. 
M. A. Carriker, Insects. C. F. W. Muesebeck, Insects. 
Ailsa M. Clark, Marine Invertebrates. W. L. Schmitt, Marine Invertebrates. 
H. G. Deignan, Birds. Benjamin Schwartz, Helminthology. 
C. J. Drake, Insects. R. BH. Snodgrass, Insects. 
Herbert Friedmann, Birds. T. HE. Snyder, Insects. 
F.. M. Hull, Insects. Alexander Wetmore, Birds. 
Laurence Irving, Birds. Mrs. Mildred 8S. Wilson, 


W. L. Jellison, Insects. Copepod Crustacea. 


Ix 


x ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Botany 
C. R. Benjamin, Fungi. F. A. McClure, Grasses. 
Mrs. Agnes Chase, Grasses. Kittie F. Parker, Phanerogams. 
H. P. Killip, Phanerogams. J. A. Stevenson, Fungi. 
HE. C. Leonard, Phanerogams. W.N. Watkins, Woods. 
Geology 


GC. W. Cooke, Invertebrate Paleontology. W. P. Woodring, 
W.T. Schaller, Mineralogy. Invertebrate Paleontology. 


MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 


History 
Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood, I. N. Hume, Cultural History. 
Cultural History. FF. W. MacKay, Numismatics. 


Eh. C. Herber, History. 


Science and Technology 
D. J. Price. 
Exhibits 
W. L. Brown, Taxidermy. 


BurEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 


Sister M. Inez Hilger. A. J. Waring, Jr. 
M. W. Stirling. 


ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 
C. G. Abbot. 


FREER GALLERY OF ART 


Oleg Grabar. 
Grace Dunham Guest. 


Max Loehr. 
Katherine N. Rhoades. 


NationaL Arr Museum 


Frederick C. Crawford. Alfred V. Verville 
John J. Ide. 


NATIONAL ZCOLOGICAL PARK 
BR. P. Walker. 
CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA 


C. C. Soper. 


Report of the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution 


LEONARD CARMICHAEL 
For the Year Ended June 30, 1962 


To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: 

GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit a report showing the activi- 
ties and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for 
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962. 


GENERAL STATEMENT 


The writer of any annual report can well be accused of a want of 
originality if each year he begins by saying, “The twelve months 
covered by this report have been characterized by progress and con- 
structive activity.” Lacking in novelty as it is, this statement, how- 
ever, must be made with strong emphasis about the Smithsonian In- 
stitution for the period between July 1, 1961, and June 30, 1962, for 
this year has indeed seen outstanding advances in many areas of the 
Institution’s work. 

There is one aspect of this year’s accomplishment that is of primary 
importance but that cannot easily be reduced to statistics or presented 
ona graph. This pertains to the strengthening of the staff. During 
the months covered by this Report, there have been a number of retire- 
ments for age and for other reasons from the professional staff of the 
Institution. A number of these losses were of very distinguished 
scholars who can never be exactly replaced; but, on the other hand, 
a number of outstanding new scientists and academic specialists have 
come to the Institution, some of them already widely known because 
of their previous scholarly contributions. For many years the pro- 
fessional or, as it may be termed, the academic staff of the Institution 
has enjoyed world-wide respect because of the individual distinction 
of many of its members. The year’s new appointments will, I am 
confident, strengthen this great Smithsonian tradition. It is surely 
important that Smithsonian experts be leaders in their varied fields 
if the Institution is to perform in the best possible way the specialized 
and in some ways unique functions assigned to it by its founder and 
by the Congress. 

1 


2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


James Smithson, in leaving what was for his time a large estate to 
the United States, directed in his will, written almost a century and 
a half ago, that the institution that was always to bear his name 
should be devoted to “the increase and diffusion of knowledge among 
men.” The basic legislation that created the Smithsonian was passed 
by the Congress and signed by President James K. Polk 116 years 
ago. One of the most important provisions of the act is the direction 
that the Institution should be faithful in the execution of the trust of 
James Smithson “according to the will of the liberal and enlightened 
donor.” 

The first Smithsonian Board of Regents wisely chose Joseph Henry, 
then possibly the greatest student of experimental science in America, 
as the first Secretary of the Institution. The group of men who were 
assembled and who worked in the then new Smithsonian Building 
constituted the first research organization with a full-time staff of 
investigators in a wide variety of scientific fields ever assembled on 
this continent. Particularly during the Institution’s first half century, 
under the effective administration of Henry and of his successor, 
Spencer F. Baird, a staff of broad-gauge, distinguished scientists was 
built up. Such names come to mind as George Brown Goode, John 
Wesley Powell, William Healey Dall, Robert Ridgway, Frank Hamil- 
ton Cushing, W J McGee, William Henry Holmes, and Leonard 
Stejneger—principally naturalists, ethnologists, and explorers who 
brought distinction to the Smithsonian through the notable contribu- 
tions to science that they made each in his field. 

Since Henry’s and Baird’s time there has been no deviation from 
the policy of naming to the staff individuals who have won a recog- 
nized place as leaders in the various fields of science and scholarship 
that are dealt with at the Institution. The high title of “curator” 
at the Smithsonian thus becomes the equivalent of a research 
professorship in any great university. 

Last year the Smithsonian published 85 titles, making available 
to the world the results of Smithsonian research. This brings the total 
number of scholarly publications of the Smithsonian to at least 10,000 
since its first scientific monograph appeared in 1848. Besides these 
formal publications the staff of the Institution also answered over 
825,000 specific requests for information during the period covered by 
this report. 

One who knows the staff of the Institution in detail can go through 
the names of those who work in its bureaus and laboratories with a 
feeling of deep pride at the distinction of the men and women who 
are spending their professional lives at the Smithsonian. 

In the Museum of Natural History, which is part of the United 
States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, there are 


SECRETARY'S REPORT ~ 3 


many very highly regarded scientists. For example, in the field of 
anthropology the Institution has distinguished archeologists, ethnolo- 
gists, and students of cultural and physical anthropology. In the 
area of zoology there are experts on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphib- 
ians, fishes, insects, marine invertebrates, mollusks, and other fauna. 
Tn all the principal branches of botany the Institution has experts 
who work with the millions of specimens of plants in the United 
States National Herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution. The same 
may be said of the Smithsonian’s department of geology, where 
scholars with expert knowledge in such fields as mineralogy, inverte- 
brate and vertebrate paleontology, and paleobotany are at work. 

The Museum of History and Technology, which also is a part of the 
United States National Museum, has on its staif experts in the history 
of the physical sciences, mechanical, electrical, civil, and other fields 
of engineering, and the history of transportation and of the medical 
sciences. Under the general heading of arts and manufactures, the 
Institution has experts in textiles, ceramics, glass, agricultural imple- 
ments, and the processes and equipment of the so-called heavy indus- 
tries. In the department of civil history the Institution has scholars 
who are specialists in political history, cultural history, as well as in 
philately and numismatics. The research staff of the Division of 
Military and Naval History deals in an expert way with the facts 
and especially of museum objects that are related to the development 
of the Armed Forces of the Nation. 

The Bureau of American Ethnology and the Astrophysical Observa- 
tory of the Smithsonian both have staffs of distinguished scientists. 
In the field of art, the National Gallery of Art, the National Collection 
of Fine Arts, and the Freer Gallery of Art all are represented by 
scholarly staffs. The same may be said of the staff of the National 
Air Museum, the National Zoological Park, and the Canal Zone Bio- 
logical Area. 

This outline enumeration of these fields of expert knowledge repre- 
sented at the Smithsonian demonstrates how important it is for the 
Institution at all times to devote its best energies to the securing of in- 
dividuals for its staff who have outstanding qualifications. Today, be- 
cause of increasing competition with large governmental organizations 
and research oriented universities, obtaining men and women 
of high distinction for what may be called the research faculty of the 
Smithsonian is not easy. The current year has, however, been one in 
which some truly outstanding scholars have elected to join the family 
of experts who make up the modern Smithsonian. 

In last year’s report a summary was given of the progress that had 
taken place in recent years in the renovation of exhibits at the Smith- 
sonian. Work on this great program continued in an active way dur- 


4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


ing the present year. Once again it may be pointed out that as a 
result of the new educationally significant exhibits now on view the 
total attendance at the Smithsonian again reached an all-time record. 
In the old Smithsonian Institution buildings on the Mall, exclusive of 
the National Gallery of Art and the National Zoological Park, at- 
tendance this year reached 8,923,181. This is an increase of 1,819,657 
visitors over the previous year. This year’s attendance becomes even 
more dramatic when it is remembered that only 10 years ago the total 
attendance at these same buildings was 3,103,651. 

It is important for all who are interested in the work of the Smith- 
sonian to remember that in spite of its outstanding new exhibits the 
total collections of the Smithsonian contain many more objects than 
are on exhibition. These great study collections are utilized by 
hundreds of research workers from other government bureaus and 
from universities all over the United States each year. The total 
number of cataloged objects at the Smithsonian Institution now 
numbers nearly 56 million. 

When the east and west wings of the Natural History Building are 
completed and opened for use and when the great new Museum of His- 
tory and Technology is open, the effectiveness of the whole pattern 
of public display and of the use of study collections will be greatly 
increased. 

To all who are interested in the active present programs of the In- 
stitution, it is important to point out that the high caliber of its staff, 
the new Smithsonian buildings, the improvements in the display of 
objects, and the increase of collections are all directly and indirectly 
related to the leadership of the Institution provided by its dis- 
tinguished Board of Regents. The Secretary and all the staff mem- 
bers of the Institution can never express in an adequate way their 
deep debt of gratitude to the members of the Board of Regents for all 
that they do each year for the welfare of the Smithsonian Institution. 


THE ESTABLISHMENT 


The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 
1846, in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson, of 
England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States 
of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting 
the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was 
without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, 
constituted an “establishment,” whose statutory members are “the 
President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the 
executive departments.” 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 5 


THE BOARD OF REGENTS 


The Institution suffered a deep loss during the year in the deaths of 
two of its Regents: Representative Overton Brooks on September 16, 
1961; and Dr. Arthur H. Compton on March 15, 1962. Mr. Brooks 
had served as a Regent for over 614 years, and Dr. Compton’s length 
of service as a Regent (over 23 years) is exceeded by only one member 
of the present Board. The wisdom and counsel of these eminent and 
distinguished members will be greatly missed. Representative 
Michael J. Kirwan of Ohio was appointed by the Speaker of the 
House of Representatives to fill the vacancy in the congressional mem- 
bership. The appointment to the vacancy in the class of Citizen 
Regents was pending at the end of the fiscal year covered by this 
report. 

The roll of Regents at the close of the fiscal year was as follows: 
Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren, Chancellor; Vice 
President Lyndon B. Johnson; members from the Senate: Clinton P. 
Anderson, J. William Fulbright, Leverett Saltonstall; members from 
the House of Representatives: Frank T. Bow, Clarence Cannon, 
Michael J. Kirwan; citizen members: John Nicholas Brown, Robert 
V. Fleming, Crawford H. Greenewalt, Caryl P. Haskins, and Jerome 
C. Hunsaker. 

An informal dinner meeting, preceding the annual meeting, was 
held on the evening of January 24, 1962, in the main hall of the Smith- 
sonian Building. Exhibits were arranged at this time from the var- 
ious divisions showing some of the most recent developments in the 
work of the Smithsonian bureaus. Dr. Nicholas Hotton III spoke 
jon “Mammal!-like Reptiles of South Africa”; Dr. Philip K. Lunde- 
‘berg on “The Revolutionary War G@unboat Philadelphia”; Dr. 
Sina P. Stern on “Research and Contrast—Japanese Art in Euro- 
pean Collections”; and Dr. Fred L. Whipple on “Dust in Space.” 

The annual meeting was held on January 25, 1962. The Secretary 
presented his published annual report on the activities of the Institu- 
tion. The financial report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1961, 
was presented. 

In addition to the annual meeting, the Board of Regents met again 
on May 18, 1962. A brief report was presented on the new Museum 
of History and Technology Building, and the chairman of the execu- 
tive and permanent committees of the Board presented a financial 
report. The Regents then adjourned to inspect the Air and Space 
Building. 

FINANCES 


A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian 
private funds, will be found in the report of the executive committee 
of the Board of Regents, page 227. Funds appropriated to the Insti- 


6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


tution for its regular operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, 
totaled $9,125,000. Besides this direct appropriation, the Institution 
received funds by transfer from other Government agencies as follows: 
From the District of Columbia for the National Zoological Park, 
$1,387,600; from the National Park Service, Department of the In- 
terior, for the River Basin Surveys, $231,705. 


VISITORS 


Visitors to the Smithsonian group of buildings on the Mall reached 
a total of 8,923,131, an all-time high and 1,819,657 more than for the 
previous year. April 1962, with 1,490,262, was the month of largest 
attendance; August 1961 second, with 1,335,189; May 1962 third, with 
1,160,980. Table 1 gives a summary of the attendance records for the 
five buildings; table 2, groups of school children. The figures are all 
actual counts and are not estimates. No fully satisfactory plan for 
an actual count of visitors to the National Zoological Park has been 
developed. Under the new plan of estimating, the number of visitors 
during the year covered by this report indicates an attendance at the 
Zoo of 2,035,000. When this figure is added to the figure for at- 
tendance in the Institution’s buildings on the Mall, and to the 1,332,506 
recorded at the National Gallery of Art, the total Smithsonian at- 
tendance for 1962 may be set at 12,290,637. 


TABLE 1.—Visitors to certain Smithsonian buildings during the year ended 
June 80, 1962 


Smithsonian Arts and Natural Air and Freer 


Year and month Building Industries History Space Building Total 
Building Building Building 
1961 
UT hy eee 158, 793 540, 486 255, 738 161, 542 | 13, 803 |1, 180, 312 
Aupuste22 2 161, 689 | 647,184 | 304,306 | 208, 486 | 13, 524 |1, 335, 189 
September__| 49,403 | 186,702 109, 433 58,295 | 6,008 | 409, 841 
October____- IRON ee is I a, arch 70,705 | 7,456 | 431, 195 
November _ _ 56, 467 157, 901 135, 748 87, 687 7, 589 445, 392 
December___ 30, 480 77, 897 75, 354 51, 919 5, 625 241, 275 
1962 
January____- 28, 268 73, 554 77, 397 48,434 | 5,430 | 233, 083 
February _ __ 44, 842 109, 370 105, 047 84, 112 6, 289 349, 660 
Marcheiee 2 70, 750 164, 641 142, 139 163, 651 | 11, 220 552, 401 
Aprile 222 © 210, 408 521, 962 302, 351 433, 612 | 21, 929 /|1, 490, 262 
Nitaxy eee 165, 161 424, 154 252, 709 304, 785 | 14,171 |1, 160, 980 
June__-___- 194, 603 392, 734 225, 560 313, 091 | 17, 553 |1, 143, 541 


Total___|1, 222, 112 |3, 471, 050 |2, 113, 053 |1, 986, 319 |130, 597 |8, 923, 131 


SECRETARY'S REPORT Ti 


TaBLE 2.—Groups of school children visiting the Smithsonian Institution during the 
year ended June 80, 1962 


Year and month Number of | Number of Year and month Nussber of | Number of 
children groups children groups 
1961 1962 

Sl ya 7, 441 239) |lPJanuany 2 ee 2-2 9, 186 296 
meme fae 4, 506 175 || February_______-_ 15, 010 445 
September_______ 2, 521 C0 | Mle ee 39, 490 972 
Octoberse= 22). 2 15, 906 aieves i) joanne oe 89, 516 1, 735 
November ______- 27, 689 OO NN Wily s e 172, 665 3, 508 
December--_---__-- 10, 335 asks) ||} dios oe oot ss 66, 587 1, 579 
Ro talieeess 460, 852 10, 460 


658366—62——2 


Report on the United States 
National Museum 


Sie: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi- 
tion and operations of the U.S. National Museum for the fiscal year 
ended June 30, 1962: 

COLLECTIONS 


During the year 854,185 specimens were added to the national col- 
lections and distributed among the eight departments as follows: 
Anthropology, 18,556; zoology, 480,003; botany, 32,236; geology, 
115,387; science and technology, 2,363; arts and manufactures, 3,155; 
civil history, 205,358; and armed forces history, 2,077. The largest 
divisional acquisition was in the division of insects, which accessioned 
a total of 417,279 specimens. Most of this year’s accessions were ac- 
quired as gifts from individuals or as transfers from Government de- 
partments and agencies. The complete report on the Museum, 
published as a separate document, includes a detailed list of the year’s 
acquisitions, of which the more important are summarized below. 
Catalog entries in all departments now total 55,817,940. 

Anthropology.—tThe division of archeology received by transfer 
from the River Basin Surveys 11,334 artifacts, mainly of mid-19th- 
century white man’s manufacture, from the site of Fort Berthold, 
N. Dak. The following important additions to the divisional Latin 
American collections were also received : 24 pre-Spanish textiles from 
Peru, presented by the International Business Machines Corp.; a rep- 
resentative group of 42 stone and bone artifacts from the early cultures 
of the Lagoa Santa area in Minas Gerais, Brazil, presented by H. V. 
Walter, of Belo Horizonte; and a type collection of 290 pottery and 
stone artifacts from various cultural levels on the islands at the mouth 
of the Amazon River, collected and donated by Drs. Clifford Evans 
and Betty Meggers. 

As a gift from the Government of India, the division of ethnology 
received 292 ethnological objects, including a complete assemblage of 
dance costumes of the Kathakali religious drama of South India, tex- 
tiles of unusual quality, and representing a wide range of techniques 
and designs. Another fine ethnological collection, comprising native 
musical instruments and a large number of shadow-theater puppets, 
was donated by the Federation of Malaya through its National Mu- 


8 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 9 


seum in Kuala Lumpur. Obtained from Rev. Francis Lambrecht, 
of Baguio, Philippine Islands, and from Dr. Harold C. Conklin, of 
Columbia University, are 51 cultural objects of the Ifugao, one of the 
mountain peoples of the Philippines. Approximately 854 ethnological 
specimens from India, Pakistan, Northern Rhodesia, the eastern 
Congo, the Cook Islands, and the Solomon Islands were procured 
from various sources under the exhibits modernization program. 

The division of physical anthropology received for the first time a 
good collection of prehistoric skeletal remains. The collection, as- 
sembled by Dr. Samuel K. Lothrop and donated by the Peabody Mu- 
seum, Harvard University, comes from the Venado Beach site located 
at the Pacific end of the Panama Canal Zone. An important feature 
of this collection is the presence of a type of cranial deformity here- 
tofore known mainly from Mexico. A donation of 15 prehistoric 
Indian skeletons from the W. R. Winslow site on the Potomac River 
in Montgomery County, Md., was received from the Southwestern 
Chapter of the Archeological Society of Maryland. Dr. Dan Morse 
of Peoria, Ill., added two specimens from that State to the division’s 
outstanding collection of skeletal evidence bearing on the history of 
tuberculosis among the earlier American Indians. 

Zoology.—Most of the accessions received in the division of mam- 
mals represent established programs of collecting and research in 
various parts of the world. Approximately 450 specimens were ob- 
tained by Bernard R. Feinstein from Viet Nam and Cambodia, in 
cooperation with the Army Medical Research and Development Com- 
mand and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. The Smithsonian Insti- 
tution-Alan Collins Expedition of 1961 contributed 163 mammals 
from previously unworked areas in Libya and Chad, collected by 
Dr. Henry W. Setzer. From Panama and the Canal Zone, about 750 
mammals were sent to the Museum by Vernon J. Tipton, C. M. 
Keenan, Carl M. Johnson, Pedro Galindo, Conrad EK. Yunker, and 
other contributors representing agencies cooperating in the major 
project being conducted by Dr. C. O. Handley, Jr. Several accessions 
from localities in the eastern United States include specimens collected 
by Kyle R. Barbehenn in Maryland and New York; by John T. Banks 
in Virginia; by C. O. Handley, Jr., in Virginia, Georgia, and Florida; 
by Richard and Daniel Peacock in North Carolina and Virginia; by 
Daniel I. Rhymer in Virginia; and by Merlin D. Tuttle in Tennessee. 
Specimens of outstanding interest are 102 bats from Drotzky’s Cave 
and vicinity, Bechuanaland Protectorate, presented by Laurence K. 
Marshall, and five rare dolphins, Stenella microps, from the west 
coast of Mexico, received from Dr. R. R. Whitney, of the U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service, and Dr. W. L. Klawe, of the Inter-American 
Tropical Tuna Commission. 


10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Among the 1,454 specimens received in the division of birds is a 
series of 583 bird skins, 27 skeletons, 3 alcoholic specimens, and 14 
eggs contributed by Dr. Alexander Wetmore, retired Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution. From the Republic of Panama Gorgas 
Memorial Laboratory, 100 bird skins were received, and by transfer 
from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 419 bird skins, 47 skeletons, 
1 alcoholic specimen, and 10 eggs were added to the national 
collections. 

In the division of reptiles and amphibians, several accessions are 
noteworthy. Procured from Dr. Fred Medem, Instituto de Ciencias 
Naturales, Bogota, Colombia, were 226 Colombian frogs. A gift from 
Dr. Coleman J. Goin, of the University of Florida, of 116 Colombian 
frogs, an exchange involving the receipt of 9 South American frogs, 
including a cotype of a Colombian arrow-poison frog, from the British 
Museum of Natural History, and a gift of 105 South American frogs 
from Dr. James R. Tamsitt, University of the Andes, Bogota, 
Colombia, constitute outstanding additions to the Museum’s South 
American holdings. By transfer from the U.S. Naval Medical Re- 
search Unit No. 2, 41 snakes from Taiwan add to the already excellent 
collection from that island. 

The majority of the specimens received in the division of fishes 
was contributéd by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This co- 
operation of another Government agency in building up the Smith- 
sonian research collections should be credited to the following 
individuals: Elbert H. Ahlstrom, W. W. Anderson, Harvey R. Bullis, 
John R. Clark, Daniel M. Cohen, Eugene Cypert, George F. Kelly, 
Craig Phillips, James G. Ragan, Donald W. Strasburg, and Paul J. 
Struhsaker. Dr. Edward C. Raney and Dr. Bruce B. Collette gave 
2,500 fishes collected by the latter in Cuba, and Dr. Robert HE. Kuntz 
and Lt. W. H. Wells transferred 1,412 fishes collected at Taiwan by 
the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2. 

The largest and perhaps most important accession received in the 
division of insects is the A. L. Melander collection of Diptera, con- 
sisting of approximately 250,000 specimens, including 1,200 types. 
Through Dr. Alfred Brauer, the W. D. Funkhouser collection of 
Membracidae (Hemiptera) consisting of 23,855 specimens was re- 
ceived from the University of Kentucky. The Connecticut Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station donated, through Dr. James B. Kring, 346 
type specimens, including 130 holotypes. Most of these types are 
Hymenoptera not previously represented in the national collections. 
Dr. A. Earl Pritchard presented his collection of 12,142 Diptera. 
N. L. H. Krauss again made a substantial gift in donating 11,572 
specimens principally from the Neotropical Region. Col. Robert 
Traub presented more than 10,000 mites from Malaya and Thailand. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 11 


The Graham Heid collection of 2,243 specimens, chiefly Lycaenidae, 
from Atlanta, Ga., was also obtained. The Boyce Thompson Institute 
for Plant Research presented 7,966 miscellaneous insects through 
Dr. Albert Hartzell; O. L. Cartwright donated 7,500 Scarabaeidae 
from his personal collection; and Dr. C. M. Biezanko added 621 
Brazilian insects. Dr. Nell B. Causey, University of Arkansas, do- 
nated 415 centipedes, most of which were collected in the southern 
United States. Received by transfer from the Insect Identification 
and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, were 59,673 specimens retained in the course of identifica- 
tions made by the combined staffs. 

Outstanding among the accessions acquired by the division of ma- 
rine invertebrates were 1,461 identified copepod crustaceans, including 
2 holotypes, 2 allotypes, and 672 paratypes of 14 species, donated by 
Dr. Arthur G. Humes, of Boston University. Received from Mrs. 
Will Hutchins, Washington, D.C., were 2,000 slides of bryozoans 
representing the personal collection of her son, the late Dr. Louis W. 
Hutchins. Dr. Paul L. Illg, University of Washington, added 22 
specimens of 10 species of notodelphyid copepod crustaceans, includ- 
ing holotypes of all 10 species, allotypes of 2, and paratypes of 6. 
From C. E. Dawson, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 620 miscellan- 
eous marine invertebrates collected in the Persian Gulf were received. 
Dr. Arthur Loveridge, St. Helena Island, added 334 miscellaneous 
marine invertebrates. A gift of 208 amphipod crustaceans collected 
during a voyage in the Okhotsk Sea of the training ship Hokusez Maru 
was made by Dr. Sigeru Motoda, Hokkaido University. Received 
from the Carnegie Institution of Washington were 1,800 lots of plank- 
ton from the cruises of the Carnegie. Received by transfer from the 
U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, through William H. Littlewood, were 
360 miscellaneous marine invertebrates collected in the Ross Sea by 
J. Q. Tierney, from the U.S.S. Staten Island during the U.S. Navy 
Deep Freeze Expedition of 1960-61. Collections made for the Smith- 
sonian include 1,165 miscellaneous marine invertebrates from Puerto 
Rico by Dr. Thomas E. Bowman and 1,512 crayfishes from Alabama, 
Georgia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee by Dr. Horton H. 
Hobbs, Jr. 

A total of 127 accessions, comprising 1,923 lots and 20,621 speci- 
mens, was received by the division of mollusks. In addition, 1,597 
lots, totaling 14,980 specimens, from previously recorded accessions 
were added. A number of important collections of marine mollusks 
from areas in the Indo-Pacific region poorly represented in the study 
collection were received from various sources. Purchased through 
the Chamberlain fund was a marine collection of 702 lots containing 
2,165 specimens from the Kudat area, North Borneo. Two collections 


12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


of marine mollusks from the Seychelles, totaling 195 lots, 1,041 speci- 
mens, were received as gifts from Mrs. Margot B. Banks and Barry — 
Grogan. By exchange from the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, 92 lots, 920 specimens, of marine mollusks from Mada- 
gascar were received. The holotypes of six species of nudibranchs 
were donated by the Marine Laboratory of the University of Miami 
through Dr. Gilbert L. Voss. 

Botany.—The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University sent in ex- 
change 873 plant specimens, largely from North America. ‘The Her- 
barium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia, forwarded in exchange 2,417 
specimens of Indonesia. Also received in exchange were 950 plants 
of New Guinea and Australia from the Commonwealth Scientific and 
Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia; 515 speci- 
mens collected in Alaska by J. E. Cantlon from Michigan State Uni- 
versity; 300 specimens from Africa from the Istituto Botanico, 
Firenze, Italy; and 840 plants collected by R. M. King in Mexico from 
the University of Texas. 

The division of woods received the Archie F. Wilson collection, 
comprising 4,637 wood specimens and constituting a more critically 
chosen group of specimens from a greater number of species than 
existed in the division prior to 1960. Mr. Wilson, a business executive 
with a keen interest in woody plants, was a research associate of the 
Chicago Natural History Museum for many years. In exchange 727 
wood specimens from Netherlands New Guinea were received from 
the Division of Forest Products of the Australian Commonwealth 
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Important pollen 
slides received were 309 from Duke University and 642 from the Pan 
American Petroleum Corp., Tulsa, Okla. Dr. William L. Stern made 
a collection of 186 wood samples of the highly peculiar flora of the 
Hawaiian Islands. 

Field collecting by staff members yielded the following for the 
department: 1,091 specimens, mostly grasses, collected in Mexico, by 
Dr. T. R. Soderstrom, and 1,423 specimens, collected in Oregon, Colo- 
rado, Hawaii, and the Florida Keys, by Dr. W. L. Stern. From the 
U.S. Geological Survey were transferred 593 specimens collected by 
Dr. F. R. Fosberg on the Pacific Islands, and 766 specimens from 
Alaska collected by H. T. Shacklette; from the Agricultural Research 
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 325 specimens of South 
Africa collected by H. S. Gentry and A. S. Barclay; and from the 
U.S. Forest Service, 415 specimens from Puerto Rico, collected by 
E. L. Little. 

Geology.—A total of 3,252 specimens was received in the division 
of mineralogy and petrology. An important gift is a very fine gem- 
quality crystal of emerald weighing 176.66 carats, from Muzo, Co- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT  . 13 


lombia, from Fred C. Kennedy. New mineral species received as 
gifts were: chambersite, Texas, from Frank R. Beck; orthopinakiolite, 
Sweden, from the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets, Stockholm, Sweden; 
and ferriphengite, Japan, from the University of Tokyo. Outstanding 
among specimens received in exchange is an extraordinary crystal 
of kunzite (the lavender gem variety of spodumene) weighing 5 kilo- 
grams. New species received in exchange were: birnessite, Massa- 
chusetts; rooseveltite, sigloite, and farallonite, Bolivia; kahlerite, 
Austria; yoshimuraite, Japan; cheralite, Malaya; sharpite and wyart- 
ite, Congo; and fleishcherite, South West Africa. 

Outstanding specimens added by purchase from the Roebling fund 
or by exchange are two groups of very large stibnite crystals com- 
pletely altered to stibiconite, Mexico; four fine amethyst geodes, 
Brazil; a large single crystal of amethyst, Korea; two groups of un- 
usually large axinite crystals, Japan; and a collection of 40 very 
fine wulfenite specimens from various localities in Arizona. Acquired 
by purchase from the Canfield fund is a very large single crystal of 
danburite, Mexico, and a large tourmaline crystal from Baja 
California. 

New acquisitions to the gem collection are the following: a 423- 
carat sapphire, one of the largest and finest in the world, from Mrs. 
John Logan (the former Mrs. Rebecca Guggenheim) ; a large wine 
pourer carved in white jade, formerly a part of the Vetlesen jade col- 
lection, donated by Mrs. Mildred Taber Keally; and a female head 
sculptured in pink tourmaline by Oskar J. W. Hansen, given by Ray 
A. Graham. Gem specimens acquired by purchase from the Chamber- 
lain fund for the Isaac Lea coliection include a 45.9-carat sphalerite, 
Spain; a kornerupine weighing 21.58 carats, Ceylon; smoky quartz, 
Brazil, weighing 1,695.5 carats; a 71.05-carat brownish yellow spodu- 
mene, Madagascar; two scheelites, one weighing 37 carats from Cali- 
fornia, and the other 7.35 carats from Mexico; and a fine kunzite from 
Brazil weighing 63.30 carats. 

A number of outstanding gems were received in exchange, includ- 
ing a very fine 287-carat peridot, an extraordinary 330-carat blue star 
sapphire, and a fine ruby spinel weighing 36.10 carats, all from Burma; 
and an excellent 187-carat aquamarine from Brazil. 

During the year 25 different meteorites were added to the meteorite 
collection, including 15 new to the collection. Obtained as gifts were 
the following: four specimens of the Murray, Ky., meteorite having 
a total weight of 163 grams, donated by Dyer Observatory, Vander- 
bilt University; a complete stone which fell in her yard was given 
by Mrs. Jay Law, Garland, Utah; and a piece of a new Carbonaceous 


chondrite from Belle, Tex., donated by Oscar Monnig, Fort Worth, 
Tex. 


14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Fourteen meteorites were obtained by exchange with the following 
institutions: Geological Survey of India; Committee on Meteorites, 
Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.; Universitets Mineralogiske Museum, 
Copenhagen, Denmark; Geological Survey of South Africa; and 
Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. Two recent falls, 
Ras Tamur, Saudi Arabia, and Ehole, Angola, were obtained by trans- 
fer from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. 

Several large and important collections of fossil plants and in- 
vertebrates were acquired this year by the division of invertebrate 
paleontology and paleobotany. Funds from the income of the Walcott 
bequest were used to purchase the incomparable Bones collection 
of Eocene seeds, nuts, fruits, and wood from Oregon, consisting of 
over 5,000 specimens of remarkable preservation collected and pre- 
pared by Thomas J. Bones, of Vancouver, Wash., over a period of 20 
years. The Walcott bequest also made possible field work which 
yielded 10,000 Cretaceous mollusks and 500 Foraminifera samples, 
collected by associate curator Erle G. Kauffman and Dr. Norman F. 
Sohl; and 10,000 specimens of Ordovician and Silurian invertebrates 
from those respective formations of Great Britain, Norway, and 
Sweden collected by curator Richard 8. Boardman. 

Donations from collectors outside of the Museum accounted for the 
following gifts: 1,500 Lower Paleozoic fossils from areas including 
Nova Scotia, Maine, Germany, and Gotland from Dr. Arthur J. 
Boucot, of the California Institute of Technology ; 345 type specimens 
of Foraminifera from California and the Mississippi Delta regions 
from Miss Frances L. Parker, of Scripps Institution of Oceanogra- 
phy; 175 type specimens of planktonic Foraminifera from the Carib- 
bean region from Dr. Pedro J. Bermudez, of Venezuela; 87 ostracod 
types from the early Middle Ordovician of eastern United States and 
146 types from the Gubic formation of northern Alaska from Dr. 
F. M. Swain, Jr., University of Minnesota; 300 specimens from the 
Ripley formation received from the Mid-South Earth Science Club 
of Tennessee ; 350 specimens from the Devonian of the Spanish Sahara 
from the Pan American Hispano Oil Co.; and 332 Mesozoic specimens 
from Saudi Arabia donated by the American Arabian Oil Co. 

Transfer of collections from the U.S. Geological Survey includes 
the Hass collection of conodonts, numbering an estimated 40,000 speci- 
mens and several hundred types; 168 Middle and Upper Devonian 
cephalopods collected by Dr. Mackenzie Gordon in Morocco; an esti- 
mated 35,600 Bryozoa from the Lower Paleozoic of New York, West 
Virginia, Virginia, and Tennessee, collected by Dr. Boardman. 

A collection of 189 specimens of fossil mammal-like reptiles from 
the Karroo, Republic of South Africa, was accessioned in the division 
of vertebrate paleontology. These specimens are representative of 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 15 


all levels of the Beaufort series (Permo-Triassic) and document the 
therapsid adaptive radiation of that time and also the strong trend 
toward mammalian organization for which these animals are noted. 
The therapsids illustrate an important phase in vertebrate evolution, 
which has heretofore been unrepresented in the national collections. 
The fossils are of high quality, consisting of about 40 complete or par- 
tial skeletons with the remainder being skulls. The collection was 
made by associate curator Nicholas Hotton III and by James W. 
Kitching, of the Bernard Price Institute for Paleontological Research, 
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Noteworthy of 
mention also are the skulls of about 200 individuals of the Permian 
amphibian Diplocaulus collected by Dr. Sergius H. Mamay, of the U.S. 
Geological Survey, and Dr. Walter W. Dalquest, of Midwestern Uni- 
versity, in terrestrial deposits of the Vale formation in Texas. An- 
other outstanding addition to the collections is a 4-ton shipment of 
skeletal remains, almost all of the mammoth Mammuthus columbi, 
from a spring deposit on the ranch of Charles I. Lamb near Littleton, 
Colo. These were collected by a joint archeological-paleontological 
party under the supervision of Dr. Waldo R. Wedel and Dr. C. L. 
Gazin. Particular mention may be made of stratigraphically im- 
portant accessions of Eocene and Paleocene mammals from new locali- 
ties in the Fossil, Wind River, and Green River basins of Wyoming, 
and of early Oligocene mammal jaws and teeth from Pipestone 
Springs in Jefferson County, Mont., collected by curator C. L. Gazin 
and Franklin L. Pearce. 

Science and technology—Examples of the rotating mirrors used by 
A. A. Michelson in his experiments in the determination of the velocity 
of light were obtained in the division of physical sciences from Preston 
Bassett and from Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories. Dr. 
Henry E. Paul donated telescopes representing the work of Alvan 
Clark and Sons and John Brashear. Two of the earliest extant ex- 
amples of photographs of the sun and moon, made by the pioneer 
scientist and photographer John W. Draper, were obtained from New 
York University. A group of 12 globes painted to illustrate as many 
geophysical phenomena, from Prof. Rhodes W. Fairbridge, of Co- 
lumbia University, was added to the geophysical collections. Gulf 
Research & Development Co. contributed the pendulum apparatus for 
relative gravity determination which was developed by them in 1929. 
John Kusner contributed a repeating circle of the type used in the 
1830’s in the first geodetic surveys in this country. 

A reproduction of the celebrated clock of Giovanni de Dondi, con- 
structed from contemporary 14th-century manuscript descriptions, 
was acquired in the division of mechanical and civil engineering. ‘The 
original clock, which disappeared from historical account over 400 


16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


years ago, was built in Padua between 1348 and 1364. It is the earliest 
mechanical clock of which details survive but is in no way a primitive 
clock. The calendar and astronomical dials surpass by a wide margin 
any other known pre-Renaissance mechanism. An astronomical clock 
with torsion pendulum by the American inventor Aaron D. Crane was 
added to the timekeeping collection. This was the basis of the 400-day 
or anniversary clocks of modern times. An experimental model of the 
cesium beam atomic clock, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology in 1956 by Dr. J. R. Zacharias, was also received. 

A simple condensing mill steam engine built in 1819 by Thomas Hol- 
loway, of Philadelphia, was added to the collection of heavy machin- 
ery. This severely simple machine, the earliest stationary steam 
engine in the collection, contrasts markedly with the refinement of the 
Mathias Baldwin engine built in the same city only 10 years later. 
A model of one of the Allis-Chalmers-Westinghouse engine generators 
of the type built in 1904 to power New York’s first subway was also 
added to this collection. One of the most important acquisitions of the 
section of tools was a multiple-spindle drill used from 1905 for the pro- 
duction of cash-register frames, donated by the manufacturer, the 
National Automatic Teol Co. Another important accession com- 
prised a collection of tools, instruments, and documents representing 
the pioneering experiments in the 1920’s of Prof. Orlan W. Boston, of 
the University of Michigan, in the investigation cf metal-cutting 
processes. 

Through the courtesy of the University of California, the division 
of transportation received seven important builder’s half models of 
West coast steamers and sailing vessels built by the Dickie Yard in 
San Francisco. Outstanding models received were those of the Mis- 
sissippi River stern-wheel steamer Greenbrier, the Chesapeake bay 
steamers Pocomoke and President Warfield, a Letter-of-Marque 
schooner of 1815, the ferryboat Jersey, South Sea Island trader Tahiti, 
Alaskan trader Ounalaska, a Florida shrimp trawler, and a North 
Carolina Sounds schooner. The two last named were received, 
respectively, from the Diesel Engine Sales Co. and from W. C. 
Matthews. The section of land transportation passed a landmark with 
acquisition of a full-sized example of a modern steam locomotive, No. 
1401 of the Southern Railway System, which was generously donated 
by that company. Two important carriages were also added to the 
collection, a landau of 1879, from Chauncey D. Stillman, and a buck- 
board of 1890, from Edwin H. Arnold. 

The division of electricity received from the University of Michigan 
11 examples of H. N. Williams’ work with the magnetron, a high- 
frequency oscillator, dating from the 1930’s. Obtained from the 
Radio Corp. of America is a group of cathode-ray tubes used in the 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 17 


development of television. The color television system developed 
in 1951 by J. M. Lafferty, of the General Electric Research Laboratory, 
is represented by a tube received from that company. 

Individual items of importance added to the electrical collections 
were printing telegraphs, received from the Western Union Tele- 
graph Co. and the Netherlands Postal Museum; a set of Pupin loading 
coils arranged to simulate the telephone circuit from New York to Bos- 
ton, from the Armstrong Memorial Research Foundation; the Soren- 
sen vacuum switch for power circuits, from Prof. R. W. Sorensen; 
and the radio sextant developed by the Collins Radio Co., transferred 
by the U.S. Department of the Navy. 

The division of medical sciences acquired from the University of 
Illinois the remarkable Hdward H. Angle collection of dental instru- 
ments and related material, and from Dr. Julius Lempert a collection 
of otological instruments representing Dr. Lempert’s well-known work 
in that field. 

Arts and manufactures—The division of textiles received an ex- 
cellent collection of 10 examples of buratto and drawnwork lace of 
the 16th through the 19th century, presented by Miss Harriet Wins- 
low. Mrs. Beatrice E. Baker added a group of beautiful costume 
laces to this collection. Mrs. W. A. Pickens presented a “Feathered 
Star” quilt made by the wife of Gen. Mordicai Gist. Dr. and Mrs. 
Leonard Carmichael donated several interesting examples of silk 
embroidery on wool, used for infant wear. Three excellent needle- 
point pictures, lent to the division several years ago, were bequeathed 
to the Museum by the late Crystal Palmer. ‘These fine examples were 
made by Miss Palmer’s grandmother in the mid-i9th century. An in- 
teresting sewing machine, an 1859 West and Willson model, a type 
not previously represented, was donated by Mr. and Mrs. L. E. 
Isaacson. 

The division of ceramics and glass received a collection of rare 18th- 
century porcelain, donated by Dr. and Mrs. Hans Syz, of Westport, 
Conn. Important pieces in this group include a Boettger tankard of 
red stoneware, 1712-15; a Boettger white porcelain bow] with applied 
decoration of rose buds and leaves, 1715; and a Viennese porcelain 
trembleuse cup and saucer, 1730-85. To her previous gift Mrs. W. A. 
Sutherland has added 25 pieces of fine porcelains, including 2 rare 
Bow mugs, 1760, and an unusual Chelsea dish, 1752. 

A magnificent example of printing, The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 
printed in 1896, was presented to the division of graphic arts by the 
Honorable Clinton P. Anderson, a Regent of the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution. Known as the Kelmscott Chaucer, the book is the handiwork 
of William Morris, whose concern with fine craftsmanship resulted 
in a revival of high standards in industrial design. Another impor- 


18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


tant accession is a lithograph, Divertissement @’Espagne, by the 
Spanish artist Francisco Goya. The gift of Albert H. Gordon, of 
New York City, through E. Weyhe, Inc., this rare and valuable print 
is one of a set of four bullfight subjects that is considered the first 
great product of lithography. 

Among the important prints obtained were two separate states of 
the lithograph J? tombe dans Vabime, by the French artist Odilon 
Redon; three lthographs from Campaign Sketches by Winslow 
Homer, the American artist who documented the Civil War, A Pass 
Time (Cavalry at Rest), Foraging, and The Baggage Train; two 
color aquatints, Juggler and Ballerina, by Georges Rouault; five 
rare lithographs by outstanding American contemporaries, Brown 
Moons by Helen Frankenthaler, Poet J by Robert Motherwell, Last 
Ciwil War Veteran by Larry Rivers, Speaker by Robert Goodnough, 
and Coathanger by Jasper Johns; two chiaroscuro woodcuts, The Visi- 
tation after Annibale Carracci and Statuette of Neptune after Gio- 
vanni da Bologna, by John Baptist Jackson, the 18th-century master 
of the color woodcut. 

Among the fine examples of photographic equipment and prints 
acquired by the section of photography was a Cinematographe, in- 
vented in 1895 by Auguste and Louis Lumiére of France. This was 
one of the earliest devices to take and project (perforated) motion- 
picture film. The section also acquired an important collection of 
apparatus invented by Frederic Eugene Ives, of Philadephia, a pio- 
neer in color photography. This group includes an Ives Lantern 
Kromskop, made about 1890, the first practical device to use 3-color 
separation positives for projecting full color on a screen; a group of 
slides for this projector; an 1894 Ives photochromoscope Kromskop 
stereo camera and viewer, and a large number of Kromogram slides 
for use in the viewer. The Kromskop System offered a method for 
taking color separation stereo pictures and viewing them in full color. 

Of particular interest among specimens received in the division of 
manutactures and heavy industries are some of the first stampings of 
aluminum made from the first commercial production of the Hall 
process. These, presented by the Scovill Manufacturing Co., will 
shortly be shown in a special exhibit which will include the first glob- 
ules of aluminum produced by Charles Martin Hall in February 
1886. Another important acquisition is a Winsted machine which was 
built prior to 1873 and which was in active use at the American Brass 
Co.’s plant at Waterbury until 1961. Dr. W. L. Libby donated to the 
section of nuclear energy the experimental equipment used in his pio- 
neer work to establish the dates of archeological material by carbon-14 
dating. Two of the first X-ray tubes to be made in America were 
donated by the Catholic University of America. The section of iron 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 19 


and steel obtained the first steam hammer erected in the United States, 
built by Nasmyth between 1851 and 1856 and in use at Taylor-Wharton 
Tron & Steel Co., High Ridge, N.J., until 1935. The first wide-flange 
universal beam mill to be erected in the United States was presented 
by the Bethlehem Steel Co. The United States Steel Corp. donated 
the pilot model of a Lorig aligner, an important innovation which 
speeded up the handling of strips of metal in continuous mills. 

The division of agriculture and forest products acquired a water- 
powered sawmill including the building, waterwheel, shafting, and 
gearing. The mill, a fine representative of 18th- and 19th-century 
sawmills, operated an up-and-down saw and moved a 30-foot-long car- 
riage against the saw. The New Holland Machine Co. gave a small 
portable gasoline engine of the early 20th century, used to drive 
machines such as grinding mills, saws, etc. 

Civil history—tThe division of political history received the per- 
sonal memorabilia of President and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson. A black 
satin dress, worn by Edith Bolling Wilson the first time she dined at 
the White House and a white silk dress she wore at a diplomatic 
reception in 1916, her first appearance at a state occasion at the White 
House after her marriage, were among the items received from Mrs. 
Wilson’s estate through her personal secretary, Mrs. Margaret C. 
Brown. Mrs. Joseph P. Kennedy donated a white silk gown decorated 
with gold and silver sequins worn by her when she was presented at 
the Court of St. James when her husband was Ambassador to Great 
Britain. The dress was worn again in 1961 at the Inaugural Ball 
of her son, President John F. Kennedy. Ralph E. Becker continued 
his donations from his important campaign collection. The most 
significant of these is a painted banner, bearing a portrait of Thomas 
Jefferson, celebrating his victory in 1801. An exciting silk campaign 
banner carried by the “Downers Grove Plough Boys,” a Republican 
marching club of 1860, was given by Elbert A. Rogers, Downers Grove, 
Ill. A 3-sided transparency, containing a portrait of Abraham Lin- 
coln and campaign mottoes of 1860, was donated by Mrs. Robert A. 
Hubbard, Walpole, N.H. Made of cloth and wrapped around a 
wooden frame, the transparency, with torch inside, was carried on a 
pole in political parades. Another significant acquisition was the 
Adelaide Johnson Collection donated by Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson Cris- 
tal, a niece of Mrs. Johnson. Adelaide Johnson, a devoted feminist, 
was best known as the sculptress of the Women’s Rights movement. 
The robe worn by Charles Evans Hughes as Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court was received from the New Canaan Historical Society 
through Dorothy Cocks, New Canaan, Conn. 

Noteworthy donations to the collections of the division of cultural 
history include two early-19th-century blown-glass whale-oil lamps, 


20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


a 1%th-century brass couwvre-feu, and other domestic objects, from 
Preston R. Bassett; a set of champfered oak bed posts of a hitherto un- 
identified type of 17th-century Massachusetts bedstead, the gift of 
Virginia Beets; five paintings, 19th-century American, by E. L. Henry 
and Eastman Johnson, given by Mrs. Francis P. Garvan; and five 
diorite door and marker stones with primitive carved designs and 
dates, from the site of a mansion built by Lt. Gov. William Dummer 
of Massachusetts in Byfield in that State, donated by Mr. and Mrs. 
Stephen Twaddell. 

The division of philately and postal history received a specialized 
collection of the famous La Guaira local stamp. These issues, author- 
ized by the Venezuelan Government, were prepared by Waterlow & 
Sons for the mail carried by steamship between La Guaira, Puerto 
Cabello, and St. Thomas beginning in 1864. L. W. Christenson, of 
Cleveland Heights, Ohio, gave a collection of the issues of Manchukuo 
and of the Ryukyu Islands, which include postal stationery, booklets, 
covers, and a number of reference books. James A. Farley, former 
Postmaster General, donated a number of new covers. Dr. Joseph H. 
Kler, of New Brunswick, N.J., gave an initial portion of his prize- 
winning topical collection of stamps pertaining to Rotary Interna- 
tional and placed the balance on loan. In eight albums are mounted | 
many full sheets, singles, blocks, and many covers bearing appropriate 
cancels and cachets. Included also are several preliminary artist’s 
drawings, some printer’s proofs, and the Monaco color-error essay. 

The most outstanding additions to the numismatic collections are 
the original cbverse and reverse dies prepared in 1861 by Robert 
Lovett, Jr., of Philadelphia, for the proposed striking by the Con- 
federacy of a copper cent, an issue which never materialized. The 
dies, two hubs made from the original dies, and other material in 
connection with the restrike of the Confederate cent in 1962 were 
received from Robert Bashlow, of New York. A rare 1916 pattern 
half dollar, a gift of Benjamin M. Douglas, and a silver ingot put 
out by the Nevada Silver Co. in 1876, a gift of Harvey Stack, of New 
York City, are also notable. A collection of 436 Polish gold, silver, and 
copper coins and medals was donated by Christian Zabriskie, of New 
York. This remarkable collection was started in the 1870’s by the 
donor’s father, Andrew Zabriskie, a noted United States numismatist. 
To his previous donations of Russian coins and medals coming from 
the famous Grand Duke Mikhailovitch collection, Willis H. duPont 
added another significant group of 860 specimens, including many 
exceedingly rare pieces issued during the reigns of Czar Ivan IIT 
and Czarina Elizabeth (1740-62). An interesting group of Babylo- 
nian and Sumerian clay tablets recording commercial transactions was 
given by I. Snyderman, of New York. Pietro Giampaoli, chief en- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 21 


graver at the Rome Mint and one of the foremost medal engravers in 
the world, donated a select group of his own medals exemplifying var- 
ious stages in his artistic evolution. A modern silver medal of excep- 
tional artistic merit, issued by the Maison Carrée of Nimes in 1961, 
was given by the Honorable Claiborne Pell, Senator from Rhode 
Island. 

Armed Forces history—A unique 1842 pattern musket and set of 
Ordnance Department inspectors’ verifying gauges were received in 
the division of military history from William H. Guthman. A rare 
13-inch bomb fired by the British fleet at the time of its attack on 
Alexandria in 1814 was received from the Department of the Army. 
Through the courtesy of Adm. Sir John Moore, the Victoria Cross 
and associated service medals awarded Private John McGovern for 
gallantry during the Indian Mutiny were deposited as a long-term 
loan from the Royal United Service Institution. Also received on 
loan, from David N. Rust, was a rare cavalry saber made by John 
Potter and formerly owned by Col. George Baylor, aide-de-camp to 
George Washington. 

A significant addition to the Museum’s extensive flag collections 
is the 48-star national ensign that served as the official flag of the 1960- 
61 Antarctic Expedition on its traverse from Byrd Station to the 
South Pole, presented by Rear Adm. David M. Tyree through Rear 
Adm. William Rea Furlong. 

An important collection of objects recovered from Bermuda ship- 
wreck sites dating from about 1621 to 1914 was added to the collec- 
tions through the field work of head curator Mendel L. Peterson, 
in cooperation with EK. B. Tucker and the Government of Bermuda. 

The year’s most important accession in the division of naval history 
is the Continental gundelo Philadelphia. The oldest major American 
naval relic of the Revolutionary War, the gundelo reached final moor- 
ings early in December 1961, when it was moved into the new Museum 
of History and Technology. A shot-scarred survivor of Benedict 
Arnold’s gallant flotilla that opposed superior British invasion forces 
on Lake Champlain, this flat-bottomed gunboat was sunk at the Battle 
of Valcour Island on October 11, 1776. For nearly 159 years the 
Philadelphia lay on the muddy bottom of Valcour Bay, before it was 
located and raised intact in 1935 through the skillful efforts of Col. 
Lorenzo F. Hagglund, of New York, who donated the historic war- 
ship. Over 700 objects were recovered from the 54-foot gundelo, in- 
cluding her entire main battery of 9’’ and 12-pound guns, with their 
original carriages, as well as numerous other items of ship’s equipage 
and the crew’s gear. Brought to Washington with the generous as- 
sistance of the United States Coast Guard and the United States Navy, 
the oaken-hulled Philadelphia will shortly enter another episode in 


22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


her long career, that of transporting the Smithsonian Institution’s 
visitors vividly and intimately to that precise moment in the nation’s 
history when this shattered warship, having fired her last shot in our 
struggle for independence, slid quietly beneath the waters of Lake 
Champlain. 

Notable among early 19th-century naval accessions is an oil painting 
by Michele Felice Corne, depicting the engagement in 1812 between 
the Constitution and the Java, donated by Mrs. Mabel P. Garvan. 
The Department of the Navy provided two early boarding pikes and 
a, pair of mid-century gangway headboards, on indefinite loan. Valu- 
able light on the emergence of the steam Navy and its Corps of En- 
gineers is provided in the professional correspondence (1847-67) of 
Chief Engineer James M. Adams, USN, donated by his great grand- 
son, James Adams Knowles. Submarine operations during the Civil 
War are represented by a superb model of the Confederate submers- 
ible H. Z. Hunley, constructed and presented by Floyd D. Houston, of 
New Suffolk, N.Y. 


EXPLORATION AND FIELDWORK 


Dr. T. Dale Stewart, head curator of anthropology, participated in 
a conference on “Anthropology and the Conditions of Individual and 
Social Freedom,” held at Glognitz, Austria, in August, and also 
studied specimens of particular interest to him at the Paleontological- 
Geological Museum at Zagreb, Yugoslavia. 

A late Pleistocene bone bed with possible human associations, near 
Littleton, Colo., was under study last year by Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, 
curator of archeology, and Dr. C. Lewis Gazin, curator of vertebrate 
paleontology. This study was resumed in the summer of 1962. Arti- 
facts have been found to a depth of about 40 inches, in association with 
bison bones. None has yet been found in the lower level where bones 
of camel and mammoth are more plentiful, indicating that these 
species may have been the characteristic fauna. The hints of strati- 
fication in the faunal remains raised the hope that some sort of cul- 
tural stratification will eventually turn up as well. The field party, 
in charge of George S. Metcalf, museum aide, will continue its work 
through the summer of 1962. 

En route to a site for field work in Ecuador, Dr. Clifford Evans, 
associate curator of archeology, and his wife, Dr. Betty J. Meggers, 
honorary research associate, attended a training conference in arche- 
ological techniques at Barranquilla, Colombia, in June and early July 
1961. The conference had been planned and organized in cooperation 
with the Pan American Union and was conducted at the Universidad 
del Atlintico. Young, qualified archeologists came from Argentina, 
Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and Vene- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 23 


zuela to participate, and a highly successful interchange of knowledge 
resulted. 

Continuing to Ecuador, Drs. Evans and Meggers spent nearly 3 
months in a continuing field study being conducted in collaboration 
with Emilio Estrada. Aspects of archeology investigated included 
pre-ceramic horizons, Valdivia culture, Jambelli culture, Mexican 
cultures in Ecuador, Manteno culture, and Milagro Period burials. 
The Smithsonian archeologists brought back 59 large boxes of speci- 
mens in addition to many notes and data on classified pottery for at 
least eight stratum cuts of material. Numerous developed and cata- 
loged photographs, both black and white and in color, will be invalu- 
able in working up the results of this expedition. 

For a period of nearly 6 months, Dr. Gus W. Van Beek, associate 
curator of archeology, conducted archeological field work in Wadi 
Hadhramaut, East Aden Protectorate. He was accompanied by Dr. 
Glen H. Cole and Dr. Albert Jamme, and Dr. Henry W. Setzer, of the 
Museum’s division of mammals, joined the group for 1 month to col- 
lect mammals in the Wadi Hadhramaut region. For 314 months 
without interruptions the field party conducted its survey in Hadhra- 
maut, systematically surveying the main wadi from Terim to Shibam 
(this portion of the wadi is approximately 40 miles long and from 
114 to 4 miles wide) and, more superficially, an additional 40 miles of 
the western part of the main wadi, from Shibam to Qarn Qaimah be- 
yond Henin; they covered the major portions of all tributary wadies 
in the region. 

Dr. Cole’s work on prehistoric sites proved to be highly significant. 
His was the first systematic work in prehistory ever done anywhere in 
the Arabian Peninsula, and he should be able to provide a framework 
for Arabian prehistory and to draw tentative conclusions regarding 
the affinities of the Arabian industries with those of surrounding re- 
gions in Africa and Asia. 

Dr. Van Beek discovered and recorded approximately 50 sites, of 
which 23 are pre-Islamic and 27 Islamic. The pre-Islamic sites range 
in date from about the 11th or 10th century B.C. to the 7th century 
A.D., and the Islamic sites from the 7th century A.D. to the present. 
Some of the pre-Islamic sites are extremely impressive, measuring 
as much as half a mile long by a quarter of a mile wide. For the most 
part they consist of good stone masonry, and many structures still 
have mud-brick walls on masonry podia. On the eroded surface of 
the sites are vast quantities of potsherds and many fragments of 
architecture, sculpture, and ancient South Arabic inscriptions in stone. 
Previous to the work of the expedition, the earliest known occupation 
of Hadhramaut was the 5th century B.C.; by discovering sites going 
back to the 11th or 10th centuries B.C., the party has pushed back 


658366—62——3 


24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


the date of human occupation some five or six centuries in the 
Hadhramaut. 

Dr. Jamme copied more than 1,000 graffiti in the main wadi and in 
tributary wadies. Before his work, no more than 60 or 70 graffiti 
were known in this entire area and these were on only two rocks. The 
information thus gained will add enormously to our knowledge of 
the history of Hadhramaut in pre-Islamic times. 

The material collected by Dr. Setzer is the first of its kind from 
Arabia in the National Museum collections. From an archeological 
point of view, this collection of mammals will be extremely useful for 
identifying bones recovered in excavations in this region. 

Dr. Van Beek and other members of his party were delighted by 
the warm reception and excellent relations they enjoyed in Aden and 
Wadi Hadhramaut. The American Consulate, the British Director of 
Antiquities for the Colony, the Royal Air Force, the Protectorate 
Secretary, the Residency Staff in Mukalla and Seiyun, and the officials 
of the Kathiri State in Seiyun and the Qu’aiti State in Hadhramaut 
were all extremely cooperative. 

En route to and from Aden, Dr. Van Beek visited several institu- 
tions and met archeological colleagues in England, Italy, Sudan, 
Ethiopia, and Jordan. Discussions were very profitable along the 
lines of mutual research and also in connection with the exhibits pro- 
gram of the Smithsonian, where a new hall of Old World archeology 
is in the planning stage. 

For 2 months of the summer of 1961, Dr. Marshall T. Newman, 
associate curator of physical anthropology, continued his now nearly 
completed nutritional study of more than 100 schoolboys of Vicos, 
Peru. He was accompanied by Dr. William J. Tobin, collaborator of 
the Smithsonian Institution, and Mrs. Tobin. For several years Dr. 
Newman and Dr. Tobin have been collaborating with staff members 
of the Instituto de Nutricién of Lima in this project. Analyses of 
the data obtained are necessarily complicated, but in a preliminary 
way the following conclusions are now apparent: Mean weight gains 
as viewed longitudinally have increased 19-53 percent, depending on 
the school year, since the school-lunch program started. Stature in- 
creases do not appear to be similarly affected. Clinical signs of vita- 
min and mineral deficiencies declined grossly from 1956 to 1961, and 
mean hemoglobin levels are up from 13.16 to 14.24 gm/100 ml. AI- 
most all the Vicos boys are within the normal serum calcium limits, but 
21 percent are still low in vitamin A and 8 percent are low in serum 
carotene. An analysis of the detailed metric data is proceeding, and 
the bone density figures from the X-rays are expected to be available 
in the near future. 

In April Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., head curator of zoology, under- 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 25 


took a collecting trip through parts of northwestern Georgia, northern 
Alabama, and Tennessee. While assembling more than 1,500 speci- 
mens of crayfishes, Dr. Hobbs intensively surveyed the Hiwassee 
drainage system in North Carolina and Georgia, the Tennessee River 
system in northern Alabama, and the Cumberland in northern Ten- 
nessee. It is hoped that the materials collected in these areas will be 
helpful in clarifying several problems in the genus Cambarus that 
have puzzled students of crayfishes for some 60 years. 

In October Dr. Henry W. Setzer, associate curator of mammals, 
accompanied by museum aide Gary L. Ranck, traveled to Benghazi, 
Libya, to begin field work on the mammals of Libya. With the aid 
of every courtesy and cooperation from the 64th Engineer Battalion 
(Base Topographic Survey), the Smithsonian field party made sub- 
stantial collections in Libya. Toward the end of November Dr. 
Setzer went to Aden to join Dr. Van Beek in the Wadi Hadhramaut, 
leaving Mr. Ranck to carry on studies of the mammals of Libya, 
which he continued throughout the fiscal year. In Aden, Dr. Setzer 
spent 4 weeks collecting small mammals and attempting to obtain 
skeletons of larger mammals for comparative purposes, in connection 
with the archeological research conducted by Dr. Van Beek. 

For 3 months, between January and April, Dr. Charles O. Handley, 
Jr., associate curator of mammals, continued his long-term study of 
the mammals of Panama. During this period nearly 2,000 mammals, 
together with their ectoparasites, as well as several hundred specimens 
of birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and snails, were preserved. Two 
previously unsampled faunas were studied: in the high mountains at 
the southern tip of the Azuero Peninsula and in the islands off the 
coast of Bocas del Toro. In addition a good high-elevation collection 
was made in Chiriqui, and previous collections at Cerro Azul were 
supplemented. During this field study Dr. Handley was assisted by 
F. M. Greenwell, of the Smithsonian’s office of exhibits. Invaluable 
local assistance in Panama was furnished by the Gorgas Memorial 
Laboratory and by military services that provided transportation 
facilities. 

In June Dr. Handley spent a few days collecting small mammals 
in extreme southwestern Virginia. His particular intent was to search 
for the northern limits in the Appalachian region of some rodents of 
the Mississippi Valley which have been shown in other areas to be 
expanding their ranges. As an example, a specimen of the cotton-rat 
Sigmodon hispidus was collected at Ewing, Va., well north of the 
previously known limit of its range in Tennessee. 

Field work on the survey of the geographic distribution and varia- 
tion of the birdlife of the Isthmus of Panama, under Dr. Alexander 
Wetmore, honorary research associate and retired Secretary of the 


2°26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Smithsonian Institution, covered the period from January 3 to April 
5, 1962. The month of January was devoted to the valley of the Rio 
Guanico at the southern end of the Azuero Peninsula, a region pre- 
viously not studied, with shorter trips to the marsh areas in the 
savannas east of Pacora, and to an area between the Trans-Isthmian 
Highway and the eastern boundary of the Canal Zone. Early in 
February work continued in the lower valley of the Rio Bayano, with 
interesting results. Following this the party moved to the Province 
of Coclé near the Veraguas boundary. In addition to work in the 
lowlands and the foothill region, one camp was made in rain forest on 
the Caribbean slope of the continental divide. Three hours distant 
by trail to the south the vegetation was brown and dry, as is normal 
on the Pacific slope in the height of the dry season, while at the Tigre 
camp rain fell daily and the forests were dense and green. Specimens 
taken here included a number of birds that are little known. Other 
collections in this region were made during a survey by Jeep of the 
savannas near the sea, and trips in a dugout canoe to the mangroves 
in the extensive swamp lands at the mouth of the Rio Poert. 

Dr. Wetmore’s final field trip of the season, in the latter half of 
March, was a survey of the islands that lie between Isla Coiba (visited 
in 1956) and the Pacific coast of Veraguas and Chiriqui. The party 
traveled and lived on the launch Barbara IT, handled expertly in these 
rough waters by Capt. George Edgington and his companion William 
Bailey. On this expedition it was finally possible to identify the sooty 
terns that come to nest on the rocky islets Frailes del Sur off Punta 
Mala. Collections were made also on the islands Canal de Afuera and 
Afuerita, and on Brincanco in the Contreras group. All are forested, 
rock-bound, and uninhabited, with landings possible only on a few 
tiny beaches. ‘The final specimens were taken on the western end of 
Isla Cebaco, from an anchorage in the sheltered bay Caleta Cayman. 
Affinities of the few resident land birds of these islands appear to be 
with the peculiar forms of Isla Coiba farther at sea, rather than with 
the adjacent mainland. Throughout this travel Dr. Wetmore had as 
assistant Rudolfo Hinds, technician from the Gorgas Memorial Lab- 
oratory, who made blood smears from all specimens taken, to be 
checked for incidence of tropical disease. 

Bernard R. Feinstein, museum aide in the division of birds, com- 
pleted in September 1961 the field work that he had begun in August 
1960, under the auspices of the U.S. Army Medical Research and 
Development Command and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 
During the period of his operations, Mr. Feinstein obtained speci- 
mens of 1,070 mammals and 1,300 birds, in addition to a number of 
reptiles. The vertebrate collections include much topotypical mate- 
rial. Areas visited included regions in Viet Nam and Cambodia. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 27. 


After attending the Tenth Pacific Science Congress in Honolulu, 
Dr. Leonard P. Schultz, curator of fishes, spent a few days in Septem- 


- ber on the island of Hawai, where he made ichthyological observa- 


tions of the offshore waters. He was impressed by the paucity of reef 
fishes here in comparison with similar areas in the Pacific. 

In May and June Dr. J. A. F. Garrick, research associate in the 
division of fishes, spent a week in the Bahamas at the invitation of 
the International Oceanographic Foundation examining sharks dur- 
ing a cooperative operation with the anglers in the Grand Bahama 
Bluefin Tuna Tournament. Several sharks were taken, including an 
adult of Carcharhinus springeri, which is of considerable interest be- 
cause presently only juveniles of this species are available in museum 
collections. A complete set of measurements and vertebral counts 
were made on this and other specimens. 

In September and October Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, curator of in- 
sects, after attending the Tenth Pacific Science Congress in Honolulu, 
conducted entomological field work in the South Pacific. Although it 
proved impossible for Dr. Clarke to reach his principal objective, the 
island of Rapa, because of adverse weather conditions, he made col- 
lections of insects and other arthropods on the islands of Tahiti and 
Huahine. In the material thus acquired, there seem to be many species 
of Microlepidoptera which are new to the national collections and 
some of which are doubtless undescribed. 

In August William D. Field, associate curator of insects, spent 2 
weeks in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park primarily to 
obtain specimens of the genus hopalocera. Forty species of butter- 
flies were collected, of which several were unusual and rare, including 
Speyeria diana and Lerodea neamathia. At the close of the fiscal year 
Mr. Field was engaged in field work in Maine, collecting specimens 
of Rhopalocera for the Museum and conferring with several local 
collectors with regard to future contributions to the Smithsonian’s 
entomological materials. 

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr., associate curator of insects, made a suc- 
cessful collecting trip to Puerto Rico in August. Asa result, the Mu- 
seum collections now possess the immature stages of all species of 
caddisflies known to occur on the island. In addition, the lengths of 
the adult series were increased and several species previously unknown 
were collected. The trichopteran material, which contains at least 
2 new genera and over 12 new species, will be studied and reported 
upon. A considerable collection of Odonata, both adults and naiads, 
was made. 

At the end of the fiscal year, Dr. Donald F. Squires, associate curator 
of marine invertebrates, and Thomas G. Baker, of the office of exhibits, 
were still engaged in field work in New Caledonia. The Smithsonian 


28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


party began its work on that island early in May, continuing the ac- 
quisition of specimens and data for a coral-reef group being planned 
for the new Hall of Oceanic Life. They were successful in obtaining 
an adequate supply and variety of corals to reconstruct a typical New 
Caledonian reef. Other representative elements of the fauna were 
also obtained and shipped back to the Museum. 

For approximately 9 weeks between January and April, a Smith- 
sonian Institution party conducted field work in the interior of 
British Guiana for the purpose of obtaining data, specimens, and 
models for the construction of a rain-forest life group in the proposed 
Hall of Plant Life. Dr. Richard S. Cowan, associate curator of 
phanerogams, served as leader of the expedition and technical adviser 
to the group, which consisted of Dr. Thomas R. Soderstrom, associate 
curator of grasses; Reginald J. Sayre, of the office of exhibits; and 
Paul Marchand, modelmaker. In addition to a large number of col- 
lections of plant materials, 2,500 color slides were made and 5,000 feet 
of 16-mm. film were exposed by Dr. Soderstrom. Mr. Marchand pre- 
pared numerous life-size models of different species of plants which 
can be duplicated as desired for use in the life group. Mr. Sayre made 
field sketches and paintings of many of the items that will be used in 
the exhibit, as well as a scale painting of Kaieteur Falls that will serve 
asa guide in preparing the background of the group. Numerous plant 
materials were preserved to serve as specimens from which to make 
additional models. In the time that was available from the exhibit 
functions of the trip, Dr. Cowan and Dr. Soderstrom obtained ample 
material of about 500 species of plants for scientific purposes. 

In April and May Dr. Velva E. Rudd, associate curator of phanero- 
gams, visited museums in Trinidad, Venezuela, and Panama, in con- 
tinuation of her studies of Ormosia and other Leguminosae. She 
conducted field studies at certain interesting botanical localities, in- 
cluding Colonia Tovar, El Avila, and Parque Nacional Henri Pittier 
in Venezuela, as well as the Canal Zone Biological Area in Panama. 

In April Dr. John J. Wurdack, associate curator of phanerogams, 
began extended botanical field work in Peru. After assembling his 
supplies and equipment in Lima he traveled to Chachapoyas in north- 
ern Peru, headquarters for the first part of the trip. At the end of 
the fiscal year Dr. Wurdack reported that his work was progressing 
satisfactorily and that he was amassing large collections for the 
Smithsonian’s department of botany. One of his objectives is to re- 
collect some of the species very inadequately known through the pio- 
neering collection of the British botanist Mathews nearly a century 
ago. Many species obtained at that time have not been rediscovered, 
primarily because travel in the mountains of northern Peru is difficult. 
Dr. Wurdack will particularly emphasize research collections of his 
own specialty, the family Melastomataceae. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 29 


In October and November Dr. Thomas R. Soderstrom, associate 
curator of grasses, made extensive collections of plants in the state of 
~ Michoacan, Mexico, in collaboration with Robert King, of Texas, who 
is spending a large part of this year at the Smithsonian Institution. 
Thorough collections of the flora were made in six diverse localities in 
Michoacan. Special! emphasis was placed on study of the grasses, and 
the material obtained will be incorporated in a taxonomic revision of 
the grasses of Mexico, upon which Dr. Soderstrom is now embarking. 

In August, prior to attending the Tenth Pacific Science Congress 
in Honolulu, Dr. William L. Stern, curator of woods, collected wood 
samples and herbarium material mostly in the mountain forests of 
Kauai, Hawaii. It was possible to visit the poorly collected Na Pali 
Kona coast of Kauai, where Dr. Stern and Dr. Sherwin Carlquist, of 
the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, gathered specimens of the 
monotypic lobeloid righamia insignis, as well as other rare plants. 
On his return trip, Dr. Stern visited colleagues in Oregon and Colo- 
rado and spent several days in the field making collections of wood 
samples and herbarium vouchers. In continuation of his study of 
the flora of the Florida Keys, Dr. Stern spent 2 weeks in December 
and January making collections of wood specimens and herbarium 
material at Key Largo, Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, and Crawl Key. 

In June and July 1961 Dr. G. Arthur Cooper, head curator of geol- 
ogy, and Dr. Richard E. Grant, of the U.S. Geological Survey, con- 
tinued their field studies in Texas and New Mexico. In the vicinity 
of Marathon, Tex., much of their time was devoted to examining the 
lower limestone of the Word formation, which proved to be a key bed 
in their studies, and collecting from it at about 20 localities. Subse- 
quently the field party spent some days at Van Horn working in the 
Lower Permian Huaco formation, where they collected from the 
Capitan limestone and its equivalents, their objective being to obtain 
a good representation of this fauna to use in comparative studies with 
their Glass Mountains fossils. This field season essentially completed 
the coverage of the Glass Mountains area for collecting purposes by 
Dr. Cooper and Dr. Grant. 

In October Edward P. Henderson, associate curator of mineralogy 
and petrology, went to the vicinity of Henagar, Ala., to prospect for a 
meteorite which had first been discovered in 1959. Although the main 
mass of this meteorite had been removed, Mr. Henderson, using a 
sensitive metal detector, prospected 5 acres of ground and located one 
sizable piece and several smaller fragments. A second trip took Mr. 
Henderson to Fort Worth, Tex., to investigate reports about a mete- 
orite that fell there on September 9, 1961. With the aid of Oscar 
Monnig, field work was organized, and after many hours’ search the 
party located a small piece of the meteorite, which is now on deposit 
in the national collections. 


30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


In April Dr. Richard S. Boardman, curator of invertebrate paleon- 
tology and paleobotany, spent several weeks collecting bryozoans from 
the Simpson group of lower Middle Ordovician age in the Arbuckle 
Mountains of Oklahoma. The fauna of this region is largely un- 
studied and has the advantage of starting with the earliest known 
bryozoans in this country and continuing through a long period of 
time. ‘This sequence should reveal evolutionary details and the origins 
of several genera. The faunas are abundantly represented through- 
out and will support many detailed population studies. 

Dr. Porter M. Kier, associate curator of invertebrate paleontology 
and paleobotany, accompanied by Dr. Druid Wilson, of the U.S. 
Geological Survey, over a period of several weeks in Florida in Novem- 
ber and December, collected fossils from formations of probable Mio- 
cene and Pliocene age. The collecting was spectacular, providing a 
much larger fauna than anticipated. Over 2,000 specimens were 
found, representing approximately 25 species, most of which are new. 
The results of the study of these specimens should be most helpful in 
determining the age of the formations. Subsequently, Dr. Kier col- 
lected and studied living sea-urchins and sea-biscuits in the vicinity 
of Miami. Using aqualung equipment, he spent many hours on the 
sea floor observing the behavior of nine species of echinoids, anticipat- 
ing that these studies will permit a better understanding of the ecology 
of the fossil forms that are his particular interest. 

In February Dr. Kier and Dr. Erle G. Kauffman, associate curator 
of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, spent several weeks in 
Saudi Arabia collecting fossils under the sponsorship of the Arabian 
American Oil Co. With the aid of officials of this company, they 
made extensive collections in central Saudi Arabia, where three camps 
especially erected for the expedition gave access to fossiliferous Lower 
Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous, and Jurassic areas. The operations 
were extremely successful, and the Smithsonian party obtained over 
a ton of well-preserved Mesozoic fossils, including approximately 
8,000 brachiopods, 30,000 mollusks, 1,500 echinoids, and numerous 
corals and sponges, many of them new to science. The material col- 
lected from carefully measured stratigraphic sections will be invalu- 
able to Middle East biostratigraphic work and an excellent source for 
evolutionary studies. 

In June Dr. Kier, in company with Dr. Druid Wilson, worked for a 
few days in the Miocene formation near Cape Fear, N.C. The scien- 
tists were fortunate in collecting sufficient echinoids and mollusks to 
enable them to date these beds and in turn to date the Caloosahatchee 
formation. 

In the summer of 1961 Dr. Kauffman conducted field work in Mon- 
tana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. He collected 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 31 


large suites of fossil mollusks and worked out a refined biostrati- 
graphic zonation of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in these areas. The 
ultimate purpose of the project is widespread regional correlation, 
based on mollusk zones, of Upper Cretaceous deposits throughout 
the Western Interior of North America, with special emphasis placed 
on the role of pelecypods as time-zonal indicators. ‘The success of 
the summer field season far exceeded Dr. Kauffman’s expectations. 
Collections superior to any previously made were obtained at numer- 
ous localities and include a wealth of new species and new faunas. 
Refined biostratigraphic zonation of key Upper Cretaceous sections 
was accomplished. Regional studies in central and eastern Colorado 
are now near completion, making possible future expansion to Kansas, 
New Mexico, western and northern Colorado, and Wyoming. 

In April Dr. Richard Cifelli, associate curator of invertebrate 
paleontology and paleobotany, joined the oceanographic vessel 7. V. 
Chain of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The vessel 
cruised to the Nova Scotia shelf at longitude 65° W., and then pro- 
ceeded due south to St. Thomas. Stations were occupied at each 
degree of latitude and the Gulf Stream. Collections of Foraminifera 
from oblique, 200-meter plankton tows were made at each station. 
A total of 24 samples were collected, representing excellent coverage 
for the western Sargasso Sea and adjoining waters. 

Between July and September Dr. C. Lewis Gazin, curator of ver- 
tebrate paleontology, accompanied by Franklin L. Pearce, chief of 
the laboratory of vertebrate paleontology, made an extended collect- 
ing trip through several Western States. Their first stop was at 
Littleton, Colo., where they joined the Smithsonian group carrying 
on a combined paleontological-archeological excavation in a quarry 
south of Littleton. In subsequent field work near Shoshoni, Wyo., 
they made collections at Paleocene, Lysite lower Eocene, Badwater 
upper Eocene, and Cameron Springs lower Oligocene localities in the 
Wind River Basin. Also in Wyoming near Kemmerer, their work 
had excellent results at a new locality for Paleocene mammals in the 
Evanston formation, as well as at the previously discovered locality 
in this formation near Fossil Butte. Continuing into Montana, the 
party spent a fruitful period at the well-known lower Oligocene 
locality at Pipestone Springs. At the conclusion of this field season, 
Dr. Gazin and Mr. Pearce returned to Littleton, Colo., to assist in 
the packing and shipping to Washington of some 4 tons of fossil 
materials, mostly mammoth, obtained by the party working on the 
Littleton project. 

Between February and May Dr. Gazin conducted research in Guate- 
mala, Nicaragua, Argentina, and Brazil. In Guatemala, at the 
request of and with the support of the Government of Guatemala, 


oe ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


he visited several localities where fossil vertebrate remains had been 
found. Undoubtedly the most significant of these was a rather ex- 
tensive area, evidently of lake-deposited volcanic ash, in and around 
the town of Estanzuela, near Zacapa in eastern Guatemala. Remains 
of mastodon and giant sloth were observed in place. During his 
short stay in Nicaragua Dr. Gazin examined a locality on the banks 
of the Rio Viejo, to the north of Lake Managua, where Pleistocene 
mammal remains were encountered. ‘These included teeth of horse, 
bison, and mastodon, and a pair of toxodon jaws. While in South 
America, Dr. Gazin spent extended periods at Buenos Aires, La Plata, 
and Rio de Janeiro, pursuing his studies of early Tertiary mammals. 

Dr. Nicholas Hotton III, associate curator of vertebrate paleontol- 
ogy, left in February 1961 for South Africa for a collecting season 
in the famous Permian Karroo beds. His work extended through 
July 1961 and proved to be extremely successful. Accompanied by 
J. W. Kitching, of the Bernard Price Institute for Paleontological 
Research, University of the Witwatersrand, he covered more than 
4,000 miles in the Karroo area. Starting from Johannesburg, the 
party spent some weeks on the east flank of the Drakensberg Moun- 
tains, collecting fossils from the upper part of the Beaufort series. 
From there they went to the classic area of the uppermost Beaufort, 
around Burgersdorp and Lady Frere, where they completed another 
2 weeks of successful collecting. Gradually they worked their way 
westward across the Karroo, a course that took them downward 
stratigraphically. The collection consists of nearly 200 specimens, 
which will be added to the material of the National Museum. Many 
of the specimens are of exhibit quality. 

The greatest importance of the collection lies in its being repre- 
sentative of the Permo-Triassic synapsid fauna of Africa and in its 
high proportion of good anatomical specimens. It is believed that 
excellent coverage of the Beaufort series was achieved both hori- 
zontally and vertically. The collection of Cynognathus zone material 
is particularly complete, and there are a number of relatively rare 
upper Lystrosaurus-zone theriodonts. In addition, the genera 
Lystrosaurus and Diademodon are represented by several individ- 
uals from a variety of stratigraphic levels and geographic locations. 
Further progress in understanding taxonomic and ecological rela- 
tionships of the Beaufort synapids depends upon more accurate strati- 
graphic data than are currently available in the literature. However, 
it is expected that the data obtained by Dr. Hotton and Dr. A. S. 
Brink, scientific officer of the Bernard Price Institute, from various 
sources will be valuable in marking out approaches to an ultimate 
solution. 

In September Dr. Hotton worked several days in the vicinity of 
Wichita Falls, Tex., examining collections of Permian amphibians 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 30 


discovered by Dr. Sergius H. Mamay, of the U.S. Geological Survey. 
The material in this vicinity probably represents the last vestiges of 
a drying pond or river waterhole, in which the amphibians were 
trapped and preserved. It consists of about 214 tons of siltstone 
matrix containing perhaps 150 skulls and scattered postcranial re- 
mains; the bones range all the way from impressions to complete ele- 
ments. Although preservation of some of the specimens leaves 
something to be desired, the collection as a whole is remarkable. For 
obtaining much of this valuable material and shipping it to the Smith- 
sonian Institution, credit must go to Dr. Walter W. Dalquest, of 
Midwestern University. The fossil locality itself is in Haskell 
County, about 150 miles from Wichita Falls. 

During the year staff members of the Museum of History and 
Technology and the Office of Exhibits made many short and a few 
extended field trips in order to examine collections of potential use- 
fulness in developing the new exhibit hails of the Museum. During 
field work of this sort, the staff members carry out essential assign- 
ments of appraising the potential of objects to the research programs 
in history and technology, as well as their possible value to the ex- 
hibits program. While all such trips are of importance to the de- 
velopment of the Museum, only a few visits to institutions outside the 
United States are here discussed. 

In August Dr. Wilcomb E. Washburn, curator of political history, 
visited numerous museums and historic buildings in and near Athens, 
Vienna, Paris, and Rome, to familiarize himself with the latest museum 
exhibition techniques and the extent of the collections in these areas. 
He was pleased to note that some of the institutions visited have in- 
spired a renaissance of temporary craftsmanship in their regions. 

In the summer of 1961 Miss Rodris C. Roth, associate curator of 
cultural history, visited many museums and historic houses in Eng- 
land, including some in Cambridge and Brighton, in addition to the 
better-known institutions in and near London. She studied collec- 
tions specifically in relation to research projects and problems, and 
generally in relation to museum practices and attitudes. 

In September and October Dr. Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli, curator 
of numismatics, and Mrs. Clain-Stefanelli, associated curator, visited 
numismatic collections housed in museums in Portugal, Spain, Italy, 
Austria, Germany, France, Sweden, and Denmark. They were much 
impressed by the excellence of many of these collections. The in- 
crease in interest in numismatics is noticeable all over the western 
world, as evidenced by the new exhibits observed in various stages of 
completion. The extensive series of numismatic exhibit halls in prep- 
aration in Madrid is a good example. These will provide the world’s 
largest display of its kind and, together with the six planned exhibit 


34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


halls in the Catalan numismatic museum in Barcelona, will give Spain 
a leading position in this field so far as sheer exhibit area is concerned. 

Donald E. Kloster, museum aide in the division of military history, 
visited several military museums in Oslo, Norway, and Copenhagen, 
Denmark, during July and August. He studied the display tech- 
niques, conservation measures and experiments, storage systems, and 
reference collections of each museum and obtained considerable in- 
formation on experiments and practices in preservation, especially in 
the fields of leather, metal, and silk. 


EXHIBITIONS 


On June 28, 1962, the modernized hall of the cultures of the Pacific 
and Asia was formally opened in the presence of ambassadors and 
other official representatives of several Pacific and Southeast Asian 
countries. In this hall 50 special exhibit units depict aspects of past 
and present life in the Pacific Islands, Australia, New Zealand, and 
the great arc of southern Asia from the Philippines to Pakistan. The 
cultures represented range from the Stone Age to the highly ad- 
vanced cultures of India, Pakistan, Malaya, and Indonesia. The 
peoples of Hawaii and New Zealand are portrayed as they existed 
when discovered by Europeans over a century ago. Included among 
the exhibits are a large stone head from Easter Island, a 614-foot piece 
of stone money from Yap, royal feather capes from Hawaii, and recent 
gifts of material culture from India and Malaya. Life groups de- 
picting living conditions of New Guinea pygmies, an Ifugao rice 
harvest in the Philippines, and domestic scenes among the Maori of 
New Zealand and the Samoans are installed in the hall. 

Construction in the adjacent hall, which will contain additional 
Asian exhibits and also interpret the cultures of Africa, was nearing 
completion at the year’s end. 

At the close of the year two-thirds of the exhibits in the second of 
two halls of North American archeology had been designed and in- 
stallation was proceeding in anticipation of a fall opening. This hall 
will display exhibits which will interpret archeological methods and 
objectives and the prehistoric cultures of the United States east of the 
Rocky Mountains. 

Staff members of the department of anthropology collaborated with 
the division of cultural history in the selection of musical instruments 
from the Congo, Polynesia, China, and Thailand for an exhibit assem- 
bled for the Eighth Congress of the International Musicological So- 
ciety which met in Washington. A selection of weapons and armor 
from the John Oliver La Gorce collection was displayed from Novem- 
ber 1961 to March 1962. In December 1961 and January 1962 the 
division of ethnology offered a special exhibition, of 80 newly cleaned 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 35 


and restored oil paintings of American Indians by the artist George 
Catlin, which was installed in the foyer of the Natural History 
Building. 

By the year’s end the major construction of the hall of fossil reptiles 
was completed and several wall displays were partially or completely 
installed by the staff of the division of vertebrate paleontology. This 
hall will interpret the biological relationships among the reptiles 
through time and the various ways in which they met environmental 
demands. J. H. Matternes completed the large mural depicting an 
early Miocene assemblage of terrestrial mammals. 

Many new and outstanding gems, including a 300-carat blue star 
sapphire from Burma, were added to the gem exhibit. On November 
9, 1961, the 245.35-carat Jubilee diamond, the third largest in existence, 
was received on loan from its owner, Paul-Louis Weiller, and placed 
on exhibition for approximately 8 months. 

Curatorial activity in the development of the hall of oceanic life, 
including field collecting of specimens for exhibition, the specification 
of models, and the writing of detailed exhibits scripts, was coordi- 
nated by Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., curator of marine invertebrates. 
Detailed specifications for models of marine invertebrates were pre- 
pared during the year for the guidance of highly skilled modelmakers. 

Construction of the new hall of cold-blooded vertebrates began early 
in May 1962. Displayed in this hall when completed will be repre- 
sentative types of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, and exhibits inter- 
preting their life activities, anatomical adaptations, breeding 
behavior, distribution, and developmental history. 

Planning of the exhibits for the new hall of osteology was advanced 
during the year. Skeletons of mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and 
amphibians have been carefully selected to illustrate relationships, 
variations, specializations, and adaptations. General topics, such as 
the nature of bones and the interrelationships of skeletal parts, also 
will be presented in this hall. 

The temporary exhibit of mollusks in the west hall of the second 
floor was removed to provide space for construction activities in the 
adjacent exhibit hall. 

Curatorial efforts in the department of science and technology were 
directed toward the acquisition of specimens, the specification of 
models to be built, and the writing of exhibits scripts. Exhibits for 
five halls to be installed in the new Museum of History and Tech- 
nology Building were in production during the year. Twelve new 
exhibits on health education and the history of medicine, pharmacy, 
and dentistry were installed in the gallery of medical sciences in the 
Arts and Industries Building. They illustrate child health, the use of 
X-rays in medicine, hearing aids and surgery of the ear, inhalers, 


36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


masks and machines used in anesthesia, the development of electro- 
cardiographs, early pharmaceutical mortars and pestles, and dental 
drilling. 

A fine collection of original machine tools was obtained and a dozen 
models illustrating the development of tools for mass production were 
completed. One of the exhibits in the hall of tools will be a reproduc- 
tion of a 18th-century stained-glass panel from the Cathedral of 
Chartres depicting a wood turner at work. 

A special case was built to exhibit a reproduction of the DeDondi 
clock, the earliest known mechanical clock about which details have 
survived. This will be one of the featured exhibits in the hall of light 
machinery. Construction of a series of enlarged escapement models 
illustrating significant clock and watch mechanisms was in progress. 
Designs and specifications for a full-size operating tower clock, to be 
installed in the horology section of the light machinery hall, have been 
developed. 

For the hall of civil engineering eight scale models illustrating the 
historic development of soft-ground and hard-rock tunneling in 
Kurope and America were completed. In the refrigeration section of 
the hall of heavy machinery, a number of demonstrations of the prin- 
cipally employed refrigeration cycles will be featured with examples 
of refrigeration machinery. Exhibits interpreting early physical 
science were completed, and additional units in both classical and 
applied physics were prepared. 

In December 1961, the 92-foot, 280-ton Pacific-type locomotive 
“1401,” a gift of the Southern Railway System, was the first exhibit 
to be installed in the new Museum of History and Technology 
Building. 

Three vehicles which will be exhibited in the hall of automobiles and 
coaches in the new museum were restored. The Lawrence coach, a 
gift of Mrs. Richard Saltonstall, was placed on display in the Arts 
and Industries Building in May 1962. The Winton Bullet and Haynes 
automobiles were restored and returned to exhibition in the hall. 

During the year an Edison incandescent lamp collection, previously 
in storage, and a color television set, presented by the General Electric 
Research Laboratory, were placed on exhibition in the Arts and In- 
dustries Building. 

A change in the mechanism of the automatic quilt case was necessi- 
tated by unexpectedly heavy use by visitors. The dial electronic sys- 
tem of operation was replaced by a much simpler direct, mechanical 
means of selecting quilts. ‘Temporary exhibits of large color photo- 
graphs lent by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service were continued in 
the farm machinery hall. 

The Kelmscott Chaucer, a beautiful and important book printed by 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 37 


William Morris, was placed on permanent display in May 1962. 
Housed in a specially designed case, this book is a gift of Senator 
Clinton P. Anderson, a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. 

The appointment by the American Petroleum Institute of a special 
subcommittee to assist in the location of historical material and to de- 
velop appropriate exhibits has provided a valuable means of commu- 
nication with the production side of the petroleum industry. A large 
number of typical machines have been acquired for the hall of general 
manufacturing. 

The division of political history installed small temporary exhibits 
dealing with the political campaigns of 1840 and 1896, and an exhi- 
bition of commemorative objects associated with the three assassinated 
presidents. The Women’s Rights exhibition is being developed gradu- 
ally to reflect more completely and with greater accuracy the develop- 
ment of this movement in the United States during the 19th and 20th 
centuries. 

An exceptional collection of marked 17th- and 18th-century Ameri- 
can pewter lent by Dr. Joseph H. Kler, and a New York repoussé silver 
2-handled bowl, made in the early 18th century by Benjamin Wynkoop 
for Nicholas and Hiletje Roosevelt and lent by Mrs. Jack R. Hovey, 
were placed on exhibition in the present hall of everyday life in early 
America in the Natural History Building. 

A special exhibition of rare and seldom shown musical instruments 
was assembled from the museum collections on the occasion of the 
Highth Congress of the International Musicological Society in Sep- 
tember 1961. On view through October, this attractive display of in- 
struments associated with the traditional music of Europe and 
America, as well as instruments from Asia, Africa, and Oceania, 
proved of interest to the public as well as to students of music. 

The cooperation of the British Crown Agents enabled the Museum 
to prepare a special exhibition featuring new stamps issued by Sey- 
chelles, Fiji, Tanganyika, Swaziland, and the Postal Centenary issue 
for the West Indies. Also displayed were criginal drawings and de- 
sign subjects for these stamps, items seldom seen outside the British 
Isles. 

In the numismatics hall a specially designed semiautomatic case 
which can display an average of 800 coins was installed on an experi- 
mental basis. It contains 40 trays, each measuring 2.5’’ x 44’’, sus- 
pended between continuous chain devices. The visitor may select for 
viewing any tray in which he may be interested. 

Highlight of the completely restored series of World War I naval 
vessels was a strikingly camouflaged model of the cruiser St. Louis. 
Prominent among new Civil War models were the Union gunboat 
Carondelet, the Confederate ironclad Fredericksburg, and the Con- 


38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


federate submarine H. L. Hunley. A full-scale replica of the Cur- 
tiss A-1, first aircraft purchased by the United States Navy, was 
placed on exhibition with the cooperation of the National Air Museum. 

A special exhibition of marine paintings and ship portraits by 
John W. Schmidt was shown in the rotunda of the Arts and Indus- 
tries Building during December 1961 and January 1962. The divi- 
sion of naval history also cooperated with the Naval Historical Foun- 
dation in providing half models and other memorabilia for exhibits, 
on naval aviation and naval aspects of the Civil War, held in the Trux- 
ton Decatur Museum. During the annual meeting of the Company of 
Military Collectors and Historians, a special display of rare naval 
uniforms and flags of the Civil War period was exhibited. 

Under the chairmanship of museum director Albert C. Smith, the 
committee coordinating and supervising the modernization of natural- 
history exhibits reviewed the planning of six additional halls in 
earlier stages of development. 

Assistant director John C. Ewers continued to coordinate the activi- 
ties of the curators and the exhibits staff engaged in planning and 
preparing exhibits for the Museum of History and Technology. 
During the year exhibits units were prepared which will be installed 
in 16 halls of the new building. Although some of these exhibits were 
placed on temporary display in the Arts and Industries Building, 
others were placed in storage until the museum is completed. 

Exhibits chief John E. Anglim provided over-all supervision to the 
exhibits staff engaged in the design, production, and installation of 
permanent exhibits in the U.S. National Museum, and directly super- 
vised the exhibits laboratory in the Museum of Natural History. 
Benjamin W. Lawless continued to supervise the design and prepara- 
tion of exhibits for the Museum of History and Technology, assisted 
by Robert Widder in design, Bela S. Bory in production, and Robert 
Klinger in the model shop. Julius Tretick assisted in supervising the 
production and installation of exhibits in the Natural History Build- 
ing. Joseph G. Weiner, with the assistance of Constance Minkin and 
Edna Wright, continued the editing of the curators’ drafts of exhibits 
scripts and labels. 

The design of the renovated halls in the Natural History Building 
was aided greatly by Richard S. Johnson, design branch chief, and 
John E. Morrissey, architectural branch chief, of the architectural 
and structural division of the Public Buildings Service, General Serv- 
ices Administration, and by Luther H. Flouton and Pasquale Battes- 
telli, design architects of that agency. 


DOCENT SERVICE 


The Junior League of Washington continued its volunteer docent 
program, conducting school classes from the greater Washington area 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 39 


through the Smithsonian museums. The program was carried out 
through the cooperation of curator G. Carroll Lindsay, Smithsonian 
Museum Service, with Mrs. E. Tillman Stirling, chairman of the 
League’s docent committee, and Mrs. Vernon Knight, cochairman. 
Mrs. Knight will serve as chairman for the forthcoming year, with 
Mrs. Dickson R. Loos as cochairman. 

During the 1961-62 school year 20,880 children were conducted on 
720 tours, representing a 24-percent increase over the previous year’s 
participation. 

Tours were conducted in the halls of everyday life in early America, 
Indians of the Americas, and textiles, for grades 3 through 6, and 
in the halls of gems and minerals and power machinery, for grade 5 
through junior high school. Four tours each day, 5 days a week, 
were offered every half hour from 10 through 11:30 a.m. in the 
halls of everyday life in early America and in Indians of the Americas. 
Tours in the hall of gems and minerals were conducted on Monday 
through Friday at 10 and 11 a.m. To meet the increasing demand 
for docent service in this hall, tours were occasionally offered at noon 
and at 1 p.m., in addition to the tours offered in the morning. Two 
tours daily during school days were offered in the power machinery 
and textile halls. 

Tours were conducted from October 16, 1961, through May 25, 1962, 
with the exception of the month of April 1962, when tours were sus- 
pended because of the exceedingly heavy visitor traffic in all museum 
halls during the Easter and cherry-blossom seasons. The great 
number of visitors to the Smithsonian museums during the early 
spring so overcrowd the exhibition halls that the usual group tours 
cannot be satisfactorily conducted. 

In addition to Mrs. Stirling and Mrs. Knight, the members of the 
League’s docent committee were: Mrs. George Armstrong, Mrs. A. 
Stuart Baldwin, Miss Janet W. Barfield, Mrs. Thad H. Brown, Jr., 
Mrs. Thomas R. Cate, Mrs. Thomas K. Clarke, Mrs. Dean B. Cowie, 
Mrs. William Dixon, Mrs. Rockwood Foster, Mrs. Clark Gearhart, 
Mrs. George Gerber, Mrs. Robert H. Harwood, Mrs. Everett Hutchin- 
son, Mrs. Charles J. Kelly, Jr., Mrs. J. H. Lasley, Mrs. Ralph W. Lee 
Tit, Mrs. Dickson R. Loos, Mrs. John Manfuso, Jr., Mrs. Ernest May, 
Mrs. William McClure, Mrs. Robert McCormick, Mrs. Arnold B. 
McKinnon, Mrs. Peter Macdonald, Mrs. Joseph Metcalf, Mrs. William 
Minshall, Jr., Mrs. L. Edgar Prina, Mrs. Robert E. Rogers, Mrs. W. 
James Sears, Mrs. Walter Slowinski, Mrs. Joseph Smith, Jr., Mrs. 
James H. Stallings, Jr., Mrs. David Toll, Mrs. John S. Voorhees, Mrs. 
Richard Wallis, and Mrs. Marc A. White. 

The Institution deeply appreciates the able and devoted efforts of 
these volunteers, whose services to the schools of the Washington area 

658366—62——4 


40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


encourage effective use of Smithsonian museum exhibits by teacher 
and student alike. 
BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 


At the close of the fiscal year the contract for construction of the 
west wing and completion of renovation of the existing Natural 
History Building of the Smithsonian Institution had not been 
awarded. ‘The west wing when completed will provide laboratories 
and workrooms as well as more adequate storage space for collections 
of the entire department of botany and the divisions of fishes, reptiles 
and amphibians, marine invertebrates, and insects. On June 26, 1962, 
construction of the east wing, which was started on January 3, 1961, 
was about 85 percent complete. 

During the year construction of the building for the Museum of 
History and Technology reached the stage where it was deemed 
advisable to place two of the largest museum objects in the exhibition 
galleries. The large steam locomotive and tender presented by the 
Southern Railway System was placed on the rails in the first-floor 
transportation hall, and the original Revolutionary War gunboat 
Philadelphia was hoisted through a window to its display place in a 
third-floor military history hall. The Public Buildings Service, Gen- 
eral Services Administration, advises that limited areas in the build- 
ing should be available for occupancy commencing in October 1962, 
and that substantial occupancy of the entire building is estimated to be 
possible in March 1963. At the end of the fiscal year the construction 
of the building had reached 81 percent of completion. 


CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF 


In the department of zoology, Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., accepted 
appointment as head curator on February 1, 1962. Dr. Donald R. 
Davis, specialist in microlepidopteran moths, was appointed associate 
curator September 14, 1961, in the division of insects. A vacancy in 
the division of mollusks was filled October 2, 1961, by the appointment 
of Dr. Joseph Rosewater as associate curator. Dr. Donald F. Squires, 
a stony-coral specialist, entered on duty as associate curator in the 
division of marine invertebrates on December 18, 1961. Dr. Philip 
S. Humphrey was appointed curator of birds on June 1, 1962. Dr. 
William H. Crocker was appointed associate curator in ethnology Feb- 
ruary 12, 1962, to provide coverage of South American aboriginal 
material culture. 

Included among the additions to the staff of the Museum of History 
and Technology were the appointments of Dr. Lester Clark Lewis as 
curator of physical sciences on February 19, 1962, and Dr. Walter F. 
Cannon as associate curator on February 5, 1962. In the division of 


SECRETARY’S REPORT. 41 


mechanical and civil engineering Silvio A. Bedini accepted an appoint- 
ment of curator in charge of the section of tools on November 27, 1961. 
Joseph Rudmann entered on duty October 30, 1961, as assistant curator 
in the head curator’s office, department of science and technology. 
Miss Doris Ann Esch entered on duty June 13, 1961, as assistant cura- 
tor, and Miss Ellen Joy Finnegan as junior curator August 7, 1961, 
in the head curator’s office, department of civil history. Keith E. 
Melder was appointed assistant curator of political history on Septem- 
ber 5, 1961. In the department of armed forces history, Dr. Melvin 
H. Jackson entered on duty as assistant curator September 14, 1961. 

Herbert G. Deignan, curator of birds, resigned January 31, 1962, 
after 24 years of service in the U.S. National Museum. Mr. Deignan 
intends to reside in Geneva, Switzerland, but plans to engage in Mada- 
gascar field ornithological studies as a member of a Museum expedition. 

Dr. Frederick M. Bayer, associate curator of soft corals, division of 
marine invertebrates, for the past 14 years, resigned December 15, 
1961, to accept the position of research associate professor, Institute of 
Marine Science, University of Miami, Florida. 

Robert R. Ireland, Jr., assistant curator of cryptogams, resigned on 
December 12, 1961, to continue with graduate studies after 4 years’ 
service in the department of botany. 

On January 31, 1962, Emery C. Leonard retired as associate curator 
of phanerogams after 44 years’ service in the department of botany. 
Mr. Leonard’s employment by the Institution began on January 2, 
1918. 

Dr. Ray S. Bassler, research associate in geology since his retirement, 
died at Washington, D.C., on October 3, 1961. Dr. Bassler retired as 
head curator of the department of geology on July 31, 1948, after 47 
years’ service. Dr. David C. Graham, a collaborator in biology since 
October 19, 1931, died at Englewood, Colo., on September 15, 1961. 
Dr. Graham served as a missionary in Szechwan and other parts of 
China for many years and during this service forwarded important 
natural-history collections to the U.S. National Museum. A. Brazier 
Howell, a collaborator in mammalogy since December 11, 1926, and 
formerly a member of the staff of the department of anatomy of Johns 
Hopkins University, died at Bangor, Maine, on December 23, 1961. 
Dr. Roland W. Brown, a collaborator in paleobotany since December 
27, 1956, died at Lehighton, Pa., on December 12, 1961. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Remineton Ketioce, Director. 

Dr. Lronarp CarMICHAEL, 

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the 
Bureau of American Ethnology 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field 
researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri- 
can Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, conducted 
in accordance with the act of Congress of April 10, 1928, as amended 
August 22, 1949, which directs the Bureau “to continue independently 
or in cooperation anthropological researches among the American In- 
dians and the natives of lands under the jurisdiction or protection of 
the United States and the excavation and preservation of archeologic 


remains.” 
SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES 


Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., director, devoted a portion of his time 
to office duties and the general supervision of the Bureau and the River 
Basin Surveys. In mid-July in company with Dr. Robert L. Stephen- 
son, chief of the Missouri Basin Project of the River Basin Surveys, 
and Dr. John M. Corbett, archeologist for the National Park Service, 
he made an inspection trip to the River Basin Surveys excavating 
parties in the Missouri Basin and visited several local institutions 
which were conducting excavations in cooperation with the Inter- 
Agency Archeological Salvage Program. He then proceeded to the 
Agate Basin Site in eastern Wyoming where a joint Smithsonian In- 
stitution-National Geographic Society party under his general direc- 
tion was digging in a site attributable to one of the early hunting 
groups in the Plains area. Dr. Roberts remained at the site until the 
work was terminated early in August. The immediate field work was 
under the direction of Dr. William M. Bass. During the course of 
the investigations numerous cut and split animal bones with evidence 
both for a kill and for a camping area were found. Associated with 
them were a variety of stone and bone implements. Most of the ani- 
mal bones have been identified as representing bison of an extinct 
species, Bison antiquus. A few of the bones undoubtedly represent 
one of the Cervidae, but they are not diagnostic of species. Also, 
there were a few jack-rabbit bones. The artifacts in addition to pro- 
jectile points include various forms of scrapers, flake knives, spoke 
shaves, flakes with graver’s points, and a few bone tools. This assem- 
blage of implements represents a definite contribution because it makes 


42 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 43 


possible the establishment of an Agate Basin Complex. At two places 
in the excavated area, objects found at a lower level indicated that 
_ Folsom Man had at least visited the area prior to the occupation by 
the makers of the Agate Basin type complex. One carbon-14 date 
obtained for the Agate Basin level indicates that the occupation was 
at about 9,850+400 years before the present, and charcoal from the 
Folsom level has given a date of 10,3875+700 years before the present. 
This suggests that the basin was occupied at least at intervals over a 
period of about 1,000 years. 

After returning to Washington from Wyoming, Dr. Roberts went 
to Sao Paulo, Brazil, where he represented the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion and the United States at a conference on the origin and antiquity 
of man in the New World. He made three speeches at the conference 
and was elected one of the two vice presidents for the session. In 
September he went to Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern 
Colorado where he served as a member of the advisory group for the 
Wetherill Mesa Project. In November he participated in the 19th 
Plains Conference for Archeology at Lawton, Okla., and read a paper 
on the 1961 excavations at the Agate Basin Site. Later he went to 
Macon, Ga., as a member of an advisory group for a series of studies 
to be carried on at Ocmulgee National Monument. Early in June he 
visited the offices of the Missouri Basin Project of the River Basin 
Survey at Lincoln, Nebr., and assisted in sending out a number of 
field parties for work in Kansas, South Dakota, Wyoming, and 
Montana. 

Dr. Henry B. Collins, anthropologist, continued his Eskimo studies 
and other Arctic activities. The Russian translation program—An- 
thropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources—which 
he organized in 1960 continued its operation with the support of a 
second year’s grant from the National Science Foundation. The 
second volume of translations, Studies in Siberian Ethnogenesis, 
edited by Henry N. Michael, was published by the University of 
Toronto Press for the Arctic Institute of North America in April 
1962. This 313-page volume contains 17 articles by Soviet ethnolo- 
gists, anthropologists, historians, and linguists on the origin and re- 
lationships of the Yakut, Tungus, Buryat, Kirgiz, the Amur tribes, 
and Samoyed and other ethnic groups of Siberia. Work is proceeding 
on the translation and editing of additional volumes and papers on 
Siberian archeology, ethnology, and physical anthropology selected by 
the Arctic Institute’s advisory committee, of which Dr. Collins is 
chairman. 

Dr. Collins’ article on Eskimo art appeared in volume 5 of the 
Encyclopaedia of World Art. It traces the development of Eskimo 
art from prehistoric to modern times and describes and illustrates the 


44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


various regional art styles, ancient and modern, in Alaska, Canada, 
and Greenland. He also prepared an article on the relationships of 
the earliest Eskimo cultures to recently discovered pre-Eskimo cul- 
tures in the western Arctic for a volume on early man in the western 
Arctic to be published by the University of Alaska. 

Dr. Collins continued to serve as a member of the Board of Gov- 
ernors of the Arctic Institute of North America and as a member 
of its publications committee responsible for the quarterly journal 
Arctic and the two other Arctic Institute series, Technical Papers 
and Special Publications. He also continued to serve as chairman 
of the directing committee which plans and supervises preparation 
of the Arctic Bibliography, a comprehensive reference work which 
abstracts and indexes the contents of publications in all fields of sci- 
ence, and in all languages, relating to the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions 
of the world. This Arctic Institute project, for which Dr. Collins 
has been primarily responsible since its inception in 1947, is being 
supported by grants and allotments from the Department of Defense, 
National Institutes of Health, Atomic EKnergy Commission, and De- 
fense Research Board of Canada. The Library of Congress provides 
office space, and most of the work of compilation and editing is done 
there under the direction of Miss Marie Tremaine. In addition to 
the unsurpassed collections of the Library of Congress, those of the 
Smithsonian Library and 80 other large libraries in the United States 
and Canada, as well as of polar research institutes in England, France, 
and Norway, are being utilized in the preparation of the bibliography. 
Volume 10 was issued by the Government Printing Office in December 
1961, and volume 11 is ready forthe printer. Volume 10 (1,520 pages) 
abstracts and indexes the contents of 6,570 scientific publications on 
Arctic and sub-Arctic areas and on low temperature conditions; added 
to the abstracts appearing in the previous nine volumes, this makes a 
total of 62,848 such publications abstracted to date. In volume 10, 
for the first time, Russian language material exceeds that in English, 
reflecting expanded research activities of Soviet scientists in their 
Arctic territories; the volume contains abstracts, all in English, of 
3,075 Russian publications, of 2,503 publications in English, 513 Scan- 
dinavian, 212 German, and 267 in other languages. Subjects that 
have received special emphasis in this volume are geology, geophysics, 
mineral resources, meteorology, fisheries, oceanography, transporta- 
tion, construction, economic and social conditions, anthropology and 
acculturation of Eskimos and native Siberian peoples, acclimatization, 
military and public health, diseases, and the environmental effects of 
darkness, humidity, light, and low temperature on animals, man, and 
plants. 

Dr. William C. Sturtevant, ethnologist, continued his research re- 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 45 


lated to the ethnology of the Hastern North American Indians. Par- 
ticularly he broadened his Iroquois research, previously concentrated 
on the Seneca of New York, to include the very poorly known Seneca- 
Cayuga of northeastern Oklahoma. During August 1961 he spent 3 
weeks doing field work among this group (including attendance at 
their major annual ceremony, the Green Corn Dance). In January 
and May he spent several days studying Oklahoma Seneca-Cayuga 
specimens in the Museum of the American Indian in New York, and 
in June visited the National Museum of Canada in Ottawa to study 
the large collection made among this group by Marius Barbeau in 1911 
and 1912. These Iroquois are descended from a group which settled in 
Ohio in the 18th century, together with accretions received since then 
from New York and Canada. At present those who speak an 
Indian language speak Cayuga. Although there have been continu- 
ous intermittent contacts with other Lroquois, the culture of this group 
is the most deviant found in any Iroquois community, and its study 
promises to elucidate several aspects of general Iroquois culture— 
particularly some features of the various major ritual complexes. 
Conversations with informants during a brief return visit to the New 
York Seneca in October helped clarify some of these matters. 

While in Oklahoma Dr. Sturtevant spent a day among the Delaware 
inquiring about the last years of their ceremonial structure, the Big 
House. Carved posts from this building were studied in museums 
in Oklahoma, New York, and Toronto during this and previous years, 
and some notes on the subject by F. G. Speck were located in the 
American Philosophical Society Library in Philadelphia. Dr. Sturte- 
vant returned from Oklahoma via Mississippi and North Carolina, 
stopping about 3 days in each State to renew and expand his acquaint- 
ance with the Choctaw and Cherokee. 

During September Dr. Sturtevant prepared a paper on “Spanish- 
Indian Relations in Southeastern North America,” which he delivered 
at the annual meeting of the American Indian Ethnohistorie Con- 
ference in Providence in October. This later appeared in L’thno- 
history (vol. 9, pp. 41-94, 1962). His paper on “Taino Agriculture” 
was published in Antropoldgica Supplement Publication No, 2 
(Caracas, 1961). In October Dr. Sturtevant attended an International 
Conference on Iroquois Research, at McMaster University, Hamilton, 
Ontario, where he presented an oral report on his Oklahoma, field 
work. In November he attended the annual meetings of the American 
Anthropological Association in Philadelphia. 

Dr. Wallace L. Chafe, linguist, spent July and August in Anadarko, 
Okla., collecting material for a description of the Caddo language. 
He recorded a considerable quantity of linguistic data on this language 
for which almost no information was previously available, and he 


46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


returned to Oklahoma in mid-June 1962 to continue this work. In 
August he spent a few days with Dr. Sturtevant at the Seneca-Cayuga 
Green Corn Dance and was able to locate a few speakers of Wyandot, 
a language that had been thought to be extinct. 

Between September and May Dr. Chafe worked at the Bureau on 
a half-time basis, teaching courses on several linguistic subjects at 
Catholic and Georgetown Universities. At Georgetown he worked 
with a speaker of Winnebago and hopes eventually to prepare some 
descriptive material on that language. Through this study he was 
led to pursue further some facts suggestive of a remote relationship 
between the Siouan, Caddoan, and Iroquoian language families. 
During the fall he continued his survey of the present number of 
speakers of North American Indian languages, the results of which 
are being published in the Jnternational Journal of American 
Linguistics. Fle read papers at the International Conference on 
Iroquoian Studies at Hamilton, Ontario, in October, and at the Annual 
Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Philadel- 
phia in November. He was program chairman for the spring meeting 
of the American Ethnological Society in Washington in April and 
edited the papers read at the meeting for publication. During the 
late spring he spent several weeks continuing work on a Seneca dic- 
tionary. 

Robert M. Laughlin, ethnologist specializing in the Middle Ameri- 
can area, joined the staff of the Bureau on June 11, 1962. He spent 
the remaining days of the fiscal year in research on the Huastec of 
Veracruz and San Luis Potosf, Mexico, in preparation for an article 
for the Handbook of Middle American Indians, to be published by 
the Middle American Research Institute of Tulane University. 


RIVER BASIN SURVEYS 


During fiscal 1962 the River Basin Surveys unit continued its pro- 
gram for salvage archeology in areas to be flooded or otherwise 
destroyed by the construction of large dams. The work as in previous 
years was carried on in cooperation with the National Park Service 
and the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior, the 
Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army, and a number 
of State and local institutions. An increase in funds that became 
available late in the year made possible an expansion in the program. 
During 1961-62 the investigations were supported by a transfer of 
$231,705 from the National Park Service and a grant of $2,000 from 
the Appalachian Power Co. The funds from the National Park 
Service were for use in the Missouri Basin and along the Chatta- 
hoochee River, Alabama-Georgia. The grant from the Appalachian 
Power Co. was to provide for an archeological survey in the area along 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 47 


the Roanoke River in southern Virginia where its Smith Mountain 
Project is underway. The funds from the National Park Service 
provided $204,500 for the Missouri Basin and $27,205 for the Chatta- 
hoochee Project. A carryover of $7,734 in the Missouri Basin made 
the total for that area $212,234. The grand total of funds available 
in 1961-62 for the River Basin Surveys was $241,439. 

Investigations in the field consisted of surveys and excavations. 
Most of the efforts were concentrated in the digging of sites, but sur- 
veys were made in three new reservoir basins and two watershed proj- 
ect areas. Also, at the end of the year a survey was underway in the 
Missouri River area in Montana, locally known as the Missouri Breaks, 
which is to be set aside as the Lewis and Clark National Wilderness 
Waterway. Two of the new reservoirs were in Virginia and one in 
Nebraska. One of the watershed projects was also in Nebraska and the 
other was in Iowa. At the beginning of the fiscal year three parties 
were in the field in the Missouri Basin. A fourth began operations 
in that area in August, and another party resumed investigations 
along the Chattahoochee River during the same period. At the end 
of April a party returned to the Chattahoochee area and started fur- 
ther excavations in the Walter F. George Reservoir Basin. In May 
two small parties were at work in Nebraska, one in South Dakota, and 
one in Iowa. In June 11 parties moved into the Missouri Basin; one 
of them was working in Kansas, seven were in South Dakota, one 
was in Wyoming, one was in Wyoming-Montana, and one in Montana. 
With the exception of the one in Alabama-Georgia, which terminated 
its activities on June 30, all these parties were continuing their investi- 
gations at the close of the fiscal year. 

As of June 30, 1962, reservoir areas where archeological surveys and 
excavations had been made since the start of the salvage program 
totaled 258, located in 29 States. In addition, two lock projects, four 
canal areas, and two watershed areas had been examined. During the 
years since the program got underway, 4,979 sites have been located 
and recorded, and of that number 1,171 were recommended for exca- 
vation or limited testing. Because complete excavation is rarely 
possible, except in the case of a few small sites, the term “excavation” 
implies digging approximately 10 percent of a site. With the excep- 
tion of those where the work was done during the past year, prelimi- 
nary appraisal reports have been issued for most of the areas surveyed 
and, in cases where additional reconnaissance has resulted in the dis- 
covery of other sites, supplemental reports have been prepared. Where 
no archeological manifestations were noted or where they were too 
meager to be of import, no general report was issued. Manuscripts 
have been completed for two of the surveys made last year, and they 
probably will be issued sometime during the coming fiscal year. 


48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


By the end of the year, 547 sites in 54 reservoir basins and 1 water- 
shed area had either been tested or dug sufficiently to provide good 
information about them. Thus far at least one example of each site 
recorded in the preliminary surveys has been examined. ‘They cover 
the range from camping locations occupied by the early hunting and 
gathering peoples of about 10,000 years ago to village remains left by 
early historic Indians, as weil as the remains of frontier Army and 
trading posts of European origin. Reports on the results of the in- 
vestigations have appeared in various scientific journals, in the Bul- 
letins of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and in the Miscellaneous 
Collections of the Smithsonian Institution. Bulletin 179, containing 
River Basin Surveys Papers 21-24, was distributed in December 1961. 
These papers consist of a series of reports on excavations conducted in 
Texas, Iowa, and the Columbia basin, Oregon-Washington. Bulletin 
182, containing River Basin Surveys Paper 25, a report on the exca- 
vations carried on in the John H. Kerr Reservoir basin, Virginia- 
North Carolina, was in press at the end of the year and should be 
ready for distribution early in the coming year. River Basin Sur- 
veys Papers 26-32, comprising Bulletin 185, should be ready for 
distribution early in the coming year. The papers contain data on the 
results of investigations in the Tiber Reservoir basin, Montana, the 
Garrison and Jamestown Reservoir areas in North Dakota, and the 
Lovewell Reservoir area in Kansas. River Basin Surveys Papers 
33-88, which will constitute Bulletin 189, have been turned over to the 
editors and will be sent to the printer early in the next fiscal year. 
The contents pertain to excavations in North Dakota, South Dakota, 
and Kansas. 

Throughout the year the River Basin Surveys continued to receive 
helpful cooperation from the National Park Service, the Bureau of 
Reclamation, the Corps of Engineers, the Geological Survey, and 
various State and local institutions. The field personnel of all the 
cooperating agencies assisted the party leaders in many ways and the 
relationship was excellent in all areas. Transportation and guides 
were furnished in a number of instances, and mechanical equipment 
made available by the construction agency speeded the work at a 
number of locations. Detailed maps of the reservoirs under investi- 
gation were supplied by the agency concerned and helpful informa- 
tion was provided whenever it was needed. The National Park Serv- 
ice continued to serve as liaison between the various agencies, both in 
Washington and in the field. It also was responsible for the prepara- 
tion of estimates and justifications for the funds needed to carry out 
the salvage program. Valuable assistance in numerous ways was pro- 
vided by the commanding officer at Fort Benning in Georgia while 
studies were being made in that portion of the Walter F. George 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 49 


Reservoir basin which is within the boundaries of the Fort Benning 
Reservation. Various local clubs and groups of citizens, both in Ala- 
- bama and Georgia, the Georgia Historical Commission, and the Uni- 
versity of Georgia assisted the leader of the River Basin Surveys 
party while he was working along the Chattahoochee River. In the 
Missouri Basin Project engineers and personnel from the Corps of 
Engineers were very helpful in carrying out activities in that area. 
Furthermore, the Corps of Engineers and the Missouri Basin Project 
of the River Basin Surveys cooperated in the preparation of small 
informative pamphlets telling about various reservoirs along the 
Missouri River. The pamphlets were published by the Corps of Eng- 
ineers and are being distributed to visitors at various reservoir 
installations. 

General direction and supervision of the program were continued 
by the main office in Washington. The field headquarters and labora- 
tory at Lincoln, Nebr., was in direct charge of the work in the Mis- 
souri Basin. The activities along the Chattahoochee River and in 
southern Virginia were supervised by the Washington office. 

Washington office-—The main headquarters of the River Basin 
Surveys in the Bureau of American Ethnology continued under the 
direction of Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., throughout the year. Carl 
IF’. Miller and Harold A. Huscher, archeologists, were based at that 
office. Mr. Miller spent a major portion of the year in the Washing- 
ton office working on materials and data he had collected during pre- 
vious seasons in the field. He also corrected the final page proofs for 
his report on the investigations made at the James H. Kerr Reservoir 
on the Roanoke River in southern Virginia. He made a number of 
talks before schools and civic organizations in the metropolitan area 
of Washington and spoke before the Archeological Society of Dela- 
ware at Wilmington. In October he attended the sessions of the East- 
ern States Archeological Federation at Williamsburg, Va. He 
identified numerous artifacts from the southeastern archeological area 
for collectors who either sent them to the office or brought them in 
person and furnished information for replies to letters inquiring about 
archeological problems. On April 3 at Rocky Mount, Va., he began an 
archeological reconnaissance of the Smith Mountain Project of the 
Appalachian Power Co. He completed that assignment and returned 
to Washington on May 11. He then prepared a report on the results 
of his survey, recommending a series of excavations for the two reser- 
voir areas included in the project. On June 11 he left Washington 
for Lincoln, Nebr., to take charge of one of the Missouri Basin field 
parties. His activities during the remainder of the fiscal year are 
covered in the Missouri Basin portion of this report. 

At the beginning of the fiscal year Mr. Huscher was in the Washing- 


50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


ton office working on records and collections from the previous field 
season. Early in August he established headquarters at Eufaula, 
Ala., for a series of archeological studies in the Walter F. George 
Reservoir basin on the Chattahoochee River. Because of unfavorable 
weather conditions, he ended his field activities there at the end of 
December. In November he participated in the sessions of the Con- 
ference for Plains Archeology, at Lawton, Okla., and on December 1 
and 2 in the Southeastern Archeological Conference held at Ocmulgee 
National Monument at Macon, Ga. After his return to Washington, 
Mr. Huscher devoted his time to the study of data and materials 
which he had collected during the previous months along the Chatta- 
hoochee River. At the end of May he again returned to the Walter F. 
George Reservoir area, Alabama-Georgia, and resumed his investi- 
gations of archeological sites to be flooded by the rising waters of 
the reservoir. He completed his field activities at the end of June. 

Alabama-Georgia.—During the period from August 4 to December 
30, a series of investigations was made in the Walter F. George Res- 
ervoir basin on the Chattahoochee River by a party under the direc- 
tion of Harold A. Huscher. They spent the first 2 weeks of the field 
season checking a series of public-use areas laid out at regular inter- 
vals on both sides of the Chattahoochee River from Columbia, Ala., 
north to the Fort Benning area. Between the Fort Benning Reser- 
vation and Columbus, Ga., a series of harbor developments is con- 
templated, and a further check of sites was made at that location. 
The party found that the recreation-area program would involve 
four important sites on the Alabama side of the river and one on 
the Georgia side. Original plans had called for virtual destruction 
of the great Rood’s Landing mound site on the Georgia side, but as 
a result of conferences with the representatives of the Corps of Engi- 
neers the roads contemplated were shifted so that they would com- 
pletely miss the mounds and adjacent archeological manifestations. 
The new plans also provided for the development of the central 
plaza of the site as a grassed lawn area. This particular site is 
significant because it was an important ceremonial center which 
contained eight mounds. 

Following the study of the public-use area the crew was enlarged 
and the remainder of the field season was devoted to an examination 
of 24 additional sites. Collections were made from 21 of them, 9 
of which had not previously been listed. Actual excavations were 
made at eight sites, of which the two mounds south of Georgetown, 
Ga., were worked most extensively. In every place where digging 
was done, four or more squares were excavated. Each square is 
10’ x 10’ in area and each was excavated in 6’’ levels, the material 
from them being put through power screens. This made possible 


SECRETARY’S REPORT _ 51 


much more progress than would have been the case had the usual 
hand methods been used throughout. 

The mound sites were particularly important because they contained 
considerable new information pertaining to several cultural periods 
in the region. One of them, known as the Cool Branch Mound site, 
proved to be an unusually fine example of a large burial mound with 
accompanying village, surrounded by a palisade. The large mound 
was in the approximate center and the walls were constructed to 
conform to its orientation. The enclosure was rectilinear, measuring 
about 700 feet on the side, with 10-foot-square bastions or towers 
spaced about 115 feet apart. The data obtained indicate that this 
village conformed quite closely to those which occupied the Gordon 
sites in Tennessee, the New Madrid sites, Aztalan in Wisconsin, and 
even the Huff and Black Partizan sites in the middle Missouri Valley. 
Furthermore, the findings agree closely with the description of the 
town of Mauvila in Alabama which the Spaniards destroyed in 1540. 
The village may well have been occupied at the time of the first pene- 
tration of the Spaniards, but it apparently was abandoned and fell 
into ruin before the Indians had contact with the Europeans, because 
no materials of Kuropean manufacture were recovered during the 
course of the excavations. The other locations consisted in the main 
of former villages, and they yielded specimens representative of all 
the cultural periods from Early Archaic to Early Historic Creek. 
The data obtained from them will assist materially in developing 
the aboriginal history of that area. 

In the last week in April Mr. Huscher resumed his activities in 
the Walter F. George area. During most of May he continued fur- 
ther excavations at the Cool Branch site, gathering data on the burial 
pit which lay beneath the main mound and further information about 
the palisade walls and general village features. Attention was then 
turned to an examination of nine sites, one of which had not previ- 
ously been recorded. Actual excavations were conducted at six of 
the sites. In view of the limited time available, only three excava- 
tion squares were dug at most of them, although in one or two cases 
an additional square was opened. Two of the sites have particular 
significance. One of them on the Alabama side of the river in the 
Fort Benning area is presumed to be the location of the last town 
occupied by the Yuchi in that area. It has not definitely been identi- 
fied as to name, but the information from it should help to throw 
considerable light on the length of time that tribe was living that 
far north along the Chattahoochee River after having been driven 
from their Tennessee and Savannah River locations. The second site 
is on the opposite side of the river in Georgia and may well repre- 
sent an extension or continuation of the Yuchi village in Alabama. 


52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Trade materials are present in the deposits at both locations. Those 
on the Georgia side, however, are much less numerous than those on 
the Alabama side and may indicate an earlier abandonment of that 
part of the village. There is close similarity between the specimens 
from both sites. The Georgia site actually may represent the loca- 
tion of one of the towns called Hlekatchka and also seems to be the 
most promising location for the original Captain Ellich’s (Yuchi) 
town which was settled in the early 18th century. If it was 
Hlekatchka, the latter is reported to have been destroyed in 1814. 
Excavations on the site produced large quantities of debris indicating 
the burning of a house or houses, possibly the entire village, which 
supports the idea that it may have been that particular village. It 
is unfortunate that time and funds did not permit further and more 
extensive excavations on both sides of the river. The other sites 
which were tested during June contributed still more information 
pertaining to several aboriginal periods in the Chattahoochee Valley. 

Missouri Basin——For the sixteenth consecutive year the Missouri 
Basin Project continued to operate from the field headquarters and 
laboratory in Lincoln, Nebr. Dr. Robert L. Stephenson served as 
chief of the project throughout the year. Activities included surveys, 
excavations, analyses of materials, and reporting on results. During 
the summer months the work consisted mainly of excavations. Analy- 
ses and preparation of reports received the major attention through- 
out the rest of the year. The chronology program, begun in January 
1958, was especially emphasized. 

At the beginning of the fiscal year the permanent staff, in addition 
to the chief, consisted of three archeologists, one administrative assist- 
ant, one administrative clerk, one secretary, one scientific illustrator, 
one photographer, and four museum aides. On the temporary staff 
were two assistant archeologists, one cook, and 25 field crewmen. 
At the end of the year there were five archeologists in addition to 
the chief, one administrative assistant, one administrative clerk, one 
secretary, one clerk typist, one scientific illustrator, one photographer, 
and four museum aides on the permanent staff. The temporary staff 
included 4 archeologists, 5 field assistants, 3 cooks, and 83 field 
crewmen. 

During the year there were 19 Smithsonian River Basin Surveys 
field parties at work in the Missouri Basin. Two of these were 
operating in the Oahe Reservoir area and two in the Big Bend 
Reservoir area of South Dakota during July and August. One 
small party investigated the Salt-Wahoo Watershed area in Nebraska 
in April; one party conducted surveys and excavations in the Pony 
Creek Watershed area in Iowa in May; a small party visited the 
Fort Sully Site in the Oahe Reservoir area in May; a survey of the 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 3 


Arcadia Reservoir area in Nebraska was also made in May; during 
June one party was at work in the Tuttle Creek Reservoir area in 
Kansas, one in the Missouri Breaks area of Montana, two in the 
Yellowtail Reservoir area of Montana and Wyoming, four in the 
Oahe Reservoir area of South Dakota, and three in the Big Bend 
Reservoir area of South Dakota. 

Other field work in the Missouri Basin included 12 parties from 
State institutions operating under agreements with the National Park 
Service and in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution in the 
Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage Program. 

Appropriated funds for this fiscal year were materially increased 
over the previous 2 years, thus permitting a substantial increase in 
the amount of salvage that could be accomplished. Most of this new 
activity came at the end of the fiscal year since the field season at the 
beginning was nearly completed before the new money became avail- 
able. The field parties at work at the start of the year were conduct- 
ing intensive excavations of key sites. Toward the end of the year, 
when the 1962 field season began, crews were engaged in intensive 
surveys of new areas, sampling of large numbers of sites in other 
areas, and carrying on intensive excavations at a series of key sites 
in several reservoir basins. 

At the beginning of the year Robert W. Neuman, assisted by 
William G. Buckles, was directing a crew of 10 Indian laborers exca- 
vating a series of 8 prehistoric burial mounds near the Big Bend 
Dam in central South Dakota. Having begun work on June 7 of 
the previous fiscal year, this party continued in the field until Sep- 
tember 8. Three low, dome-shaped, earthen mounds were excavated 
at the Sitting Crow site (39BF225).1. The mounds, ranging from 
2 feet in height and 50 feet in diameter to nearly twice that size, 
contained 10 intrusive historic interments representing at least 3 types 
of burials. These were primary burials in wooden coffins, primary 
burials in pits, and a secondary bundle burial. Some of the coffin 
burials were associated with grave posts and were scattered, singly, 
while others were associated with the pit burials within a circular 
enclosure of vertical posts. Glass, metal, wood, stone, leather, and 
fabric grave goods were recovered from this historic component. 
The burial mound complex proper was represented by single and 
multiple secondary burials. These remains were found scattered 
about on the mound floor or sometimes deposited in shallow, sub- 


1 Site designations used by the River Basin Surveys are trinomial in character, consisting 
of symbols for State, county, and site. The State is indicated by the first number, accord- 
ing to the numerical position of the State name in an alphabetical list of the United States ; 
thus, for example, 82 indicates North Dakota, 39 indicates South Dakota. Counties are 
designated by a two-letter abbreviation; for example, ME for Mercer County, MN for 
Mountrail County, ete. The final number refers to the specific site within the indicated 
State and county. 


54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


mound pits. Artifact associations consist of small, triangular, side- 
notched points, end scrapers, marine and fresh-water shell beads, and 
a bipointed copper awl. 

Four mounds were excavated at the Side Hill site (89BF223). 
The burial mound component there was essentially the same as at the 
Sitting Crow site, but in addition there was evidence of cremation 
in association with Truman Plain Rim pottery. 

Only one mound was excavated at the Old Quarry site (89BF234). 
It was found to contain a portion of a wooden log, a bison skull, and 
concentrations of hematite on the mound floor. Two large, subfloor 
pits were located near the mound center and each contained secondary 
burials of seven to nine individuals. A single artifact, a large un- 
diagnostic body sherd, was recovered from one pit. A bison skull 
also was found in the same pit. 

While testing below the mounds at the Sitting Crow and Side 
Hill sites, two, and possibly three, stratified, lithic components were 
located. The deepest component was indicated by a zone of charcoal- 
stained soil containing stone chips. ‘The intermediate component 
was in a light-colored soil zone and contained thin, triangular points 
with concave bases, end scrapers, knives, worked and unworked chips, 
bison bone fragments, and shallow basin-shaped firepits. The upper- 
most lithic component is typologically similar to the McKean complex 
represented at various sites in western South Dakota and eastern 
Wyoming. 

During the last week of the field season, all the 46 mounds between 
Fort Thompson and Campbell Creek were mapped. They range from 
25 to 80 feet in diameter and from 1 to 4 feet in height. The tumuli 
sometimes occur singly and in other instances are in groups. 

The second Smithsonian Institution field party at work at the 
beginning of the year was directed by Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, 
assisted by Richard E. Jensen. With a crew of 11 men, they had 
begun work on June 13 of the preceding year and continued through 
August 22. The entire time was devoted to excavations at the Pretty 
Head site (89L.M232). This site is situated on the right bank of the 
Missouri River in the lower portion of the Big Bend Reservoir area. 
Two houses were completely excavated, a third was excavated except 
for the heavy fill marking one corner, two midden areas were exten- 
sively tested, a defensive moat was sectioned in several places, and 
the old occupation surface between two houses was cleared. 

The site is roughly a rectangular area of hillocks and depressions 
capping the riverward edge of Terrace 1, which stands about 60 feet 
above the summer stage of the Missouri River. A number of oval 
depressions were arranged in irregular rows paralleling the cutbank 
of the river. These proved to be the remains of houses, although 


PLATE 1 


Secretary's Report, 1962 


1. Smithsonian River Basin Surveys crew excavating two burial pits at the Old Quarry 
Mound, Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. ‘These pits contained bones of both infants 
and adults. 


J” 


2. Smithsonian River Basin Surveys crew skimming the floor of a long, rectangular house 
following dragline pass at the Pretty Head site, Big Bend Reservoir. The dragline was 
found very effective in moving large amounts of overburden. 


Secretary's Report, 1962 PLATE 2 


1. Long, rectangular house excavated at the Pretty Head site. Crewman is sitting in the 
remnant of a ditch that extended the length of the house. The floor of the house, except 
where disturbed by the ditch, was covered with a deposit of red ocher. River Basin 
Surveys. 


2. Aerial view of the Potts Village, Oahe Reservoir, South Dakota. ‘The Missouri River is 
in the background. At maximum pool elevation the Oahe Reservoir will be about 15 
feet above this site. ‘The excavations outlined in the fortified area indicate the house 
structure within it. River Basin Surveys. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT ’ 545) 


the orientation was not consistent and the village pattern was by no 
means as regular as had been anticipated. The village had only one 
extended occupation. It appears that the houses had been arranged 
in streets or blocks but subsequent growth was haphazard and un- 
planned. There is further support of this view in relation to the 
defensive features of the village. The entire occupation area is 
mantled by midden debris and wind-blown silts to such an extent 
that the moat was completely obscured. At least one late house 
(Feature 7) was built athwart the moat, which was already filled with 
refuse and could have had but little usefulness for defensive purposes. 
Feature 7 was smaller and less complex than the other houses. 

Mantling all the houses were several soil zones, the earliest of which 
was particularly evident. It is tempting to equate this with a severe 
drought in the Central Plains during the last quarter of the 13th 
century. Drought conditions may well have been a disruptive factor 
that brought progressive changes and collapse to this village. The 
houses excavated (Features 2, 4, and 7) were uniformly of the long 
rectangular type but differed in details. All were deep, with floors 
excavated 2 to 3 feet below the old occupation surface, which in turn 
was 2 to 4 feet below the present surface. In each the floor had been 
painted with a red, mineral paint and in Feature 4 there were two 
such painted floors separated by 0.2 foot of sterile fill. The entrance 
to each house was a wide ramp from the old surface to the floor. In 
Feature 4, the ramp led across a wide platform and ended in a low 
step. On either side of the ramp was a narrow trench that continued 
across the front of the trench, separating it from the house proper. 
There was a similar trench in Feature 2. 

A large number of bell-shaped cache pits were found beneath the 
floor of Feature 2, but not in the other houses. Features 2 and 4 con- 
tained much bison bone, particularly skulls, lying on the floor and 
within the mantling fill. They were notably absent from Feature 7, 
suggesting a change in cultural emphasis or perhaps in local ecology. 
In each house the firepit was located on the centerline just inside the 
inner end of the ramp. Superstructures of all three houses were 
nearly identical. Posts 2 or 3 feet apart were set at the base of the 
wall excavation and, except for the entrance, continued around the 
entire perimeter. Central posts were absent but were replaced by 
roof supports in two rows, each a short distance from the centerline. 

A large area between Features 2 and 4 was cleared to the old sur- 
face and two thick midden deposits were trenched. The defensive 
moat was located and sectioned in six places, tracing it through Fea- 
ture 7 and around a bastioned corner. Uniformly the moat was 3 to 5 
feet deep with a maximum width of 10 feet. The accompanying 
stockade was not discernible. Artifacts were abundant in the midden 

658366—62——_5 


56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


areas and the house fill. Pottery was mainly of the Foreman types, 
but there was also much Over Focus pottery. Probably the cultural 
position of the site is intermediate between the Monroe-Anderson Foci, 
where Foreman Ware is frequent, and the Over Focus. Nonceramic 
artifacts were not distinctive, but a fragment of copper and a long 
bone object resembling an arctic snow beater are notable. These two 
objects suggest trade with the north, and the architecture of the 
houses is remarkably similar to certain examples reported for the 
northern Plateau. It seems suggestive that the Early Village people 
of the Plains may have cultural ties not hitherto recognized. 

The third Smithsonian field party at work at the beginning of the 
year was directed by Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, assisted by Lee G. 
Madison. With a crew of 10 men they had begun excavations on 
June 19 of the previous year and continued work through August 31. 
Most of the season was spent on excavations at the Potts Village site 
(89CO19) on the right bank of the Missouri River, just south of 
Mobridge, S. Dak., in the Oahe Reservoir area. All or parts of seven 
houses were excavated, the fortification ditch was tested in several 
places, middens and cache pits were sampled, the entire stockade was 
uncovered, and the single loop bastion and two bastioned entrances 
were completely excavated. 

This is the site of an early La Roche village that probably dates 
from about the late 15th or early to middle 16th century. It is en- 
tirely precontact, and no items of White origin were found in any 
part of the excavations. The site consisted of the remains of about 
30 circular earthlodges, grouped in a long, oval area along the edge 
of the second terrace above the Missouri River. Within the village 
11 houses, including a large ceremonial lodge, were encircled by a deep, 
narrow fortification ditch and palisade. The ditch was 6 to 8 feet in 
depth and 10 to 20 feet wide. The palisade was composed of upright 
cedar, cottonwood, and oak posts set close together. A single large 
loop bastion protected the north and west sides of the fortified area 
and a steep bank protected the east and southeast sides (toward the 
river). 

Architectural details of the entrances to these fortified villages along 
the Missouri River have not previously been determined. On the basis 
of some evidence, simple overlapping lines of stockade posts with a 
passageway between have been presumed. At the Potts site two 
examples of a very distinctive entrance were clearly defined. In this 
type of entrance the stockade line curved outward and then back in 
toward the center of the fortified area to form a small loop bastion 
about 10 feet in diameter, but with one side forming a straight line 
of posts extending some 10 to 15 feet into the village. Parallel to the 
straight line of posts was another similar line about 4 feet from it 


SECRETARY’S REPORT | 57 


that extended outward from the fortified area and curved around to 
form a small loop bastion about 8 feet in diameter and then recurve 
_ back to join the regular line of the palisade posts. Thus the entrance 
consisted of two small, loop bastions with a narrow passageway be- 
tween them that ran some 10 feet back into the fortified area. Opposite 
the narrow passageway was a ramp across the fortification ditch. 
One entrance was to the north, the other to the south. 

Outside the fortified area the two houses that were partially ex- 
cavated appeared of the same structural type and artifact content as 
those that were within the fort. The architecture was of the four 
center post pattern with widely spaced wall posts, leaner posts, and 
short entrances, forming a circular earthlodge of some 28 to 45 feet 
in diameter. Artifacts from the site include abundant pottery, bone, 
stone, and shell objects. The pottery is unusually homogeneous and 
well within the earliest of the La Roche tradition. Elaborate or 
spectacular objects were almost entirely lacking, although a few 
shell ornaments and catlinite pipes were recovered. 

One week was spent in August by this party in excavating a portion 
of the Blue Blanket Island site (839WW9), located on an island in 
the Missouri River just north of the Potts Village site. This was a 
late village of circular earthlodges encircled by a wide, shallow forti- 
fication ditch and palisade. The palisade formed a nearly circular 
pattern enclosing less than 20 houses with no evidence of houses out- 
side it. The ditch was but 2 or 3 feet deep and 20 to 25 feet wide. 
Half of one house was excavated, the ditch and palisade were sampled 
in several places, and a dozen random test squares were dug. 

Stockade posts as well as outer wall posts of the house were split 
timbers set close together with the bark side in. Burning caused good 
preservation of the structural features. Inside the row of split wall 
timbers of the house were large, whole support posts spaced every 
6 or 7 feet to form main roof and wall supports. The four main center 
posts were large, whole posts. The entrance was short but unusually 
well made. Pottery and other artifacts were not abundant but metal 
objects were present. The village apparently is one of those viewed 
by Lewis and Clark as a recent ruin in 1804, and probably dates from 
the last quarter of the 18th century until about 1802 or 1803. Access 
to the site each day was by motorboat from the right bank of the 
river near the Potts Village site. 

The fourth Smithsonian field party at work during the early part 
of the fiscal year consisted of a crew of four men directed by Dr. 
William M. Bass. They worked from August 7 to 18 and excavated 
40 burials from the Sully site (39SL4), some 19 miles northwest of 
Pierre, S. Dak., on the left bank of the Missouri River. Dr. Bass 
spent two previous seasons on burial excavations at that site and has 


58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


recovered a total of 264 interments there. It was thought that the 
brief stay during the 1961 season would exhaust the burial area and 
give a good statistical sample of a single population. However, it 
became evident that more burials are to be found there and plans 
were made to continue the work in the 1962 season. The Sully site 
unquestionably offers a better opportunity than any other to obtain 
a really meaningful sample of the protohistoric Arikara physical 
types in the Missouri Basin. Numerous artifacts were recovered 
with the burials. They include catlinite pipes, wooden pipe stems, a 
whole pottery vessel, glass and copper beads, woven mats, and bone 
tools. 

The 1962 field season began early this year with a brief survey of the 
area to be flooded by the several proposed small reservoirs in the 
Salt-Wahoo Drainage Basin in Lancaster and Seward Counties, 
southeastern Nebraska. Robert W. Neuman, assisted by Lionel A. 
Brown and John W. Garrett, the latter a member of the staff of the 
Nebraska State Historical Society, spent April 5 and 6 investigating 
the areas designated as Dams 4, 8,18, and 17. This initial survey re- 
vealed nothing of archeological interest in proposed flood areas of 
these four reservoirs. Construction activities at these dams should be 
watched, however, when the time comes for building the dams, as 
buried sites of the Archaic and Woodland periods might then be 
discovered. 

The second Missouri Basin Project field party for the new season 
began work in the Pony Creek Drainage area of Mills County, south- 
western Iowa, on May 1. There the Soil Conservation Service is 
building a series of small reservoirs and terracing large areas as 
protection against erosion. Lionel A. Brown, assisted first by Wilfred 
M. Husted, and later by Lee G. Madison, made an intensive survey of 
the area in immediate danger of destruction, and then with a crew of 
3 men tested 7 of the 16 sites located. They completed the season’s 
work on May 25. One house was excavated in each of three sites, 
13ML205, 13ML206, and 13ML216. Extensive tests were made in sites 
13ML201, 13ML204, 183ML208, and 13ML215. This party recom- 
mended further investigations in all of the sites, 13ML201 through 
13ML216 except 183ML201, 183ML213, 13ML214, and 13ML215, which 
will either be out of danger of damage from construction or have no 
promise of yielding useful archeological information. The houses 
excavated were square to rectangular in shape and provided artifacts 
suggestive of the Aksarben Aspect and related materials. 

The third field party, consisting of G. Hubert Smith and Jerry L. 
Livingston, visited the historic site of Fort Sully (89SL45) in Sully 
County, north of Pierre, S. Dak., during the period of May 15-18 for 
the purpose of making a topographic map of the site, but heavy rains 
made this impossible. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 59 


The fourth party, Smith and Livingston, made a survey of the 
area to be flooded by the Arcadia Dam in Custer County, Nebr., on 
May 19 and 20. One site, 25CU202, was located within the reservoir 
area, but it appeared to be of little archeological value. 

On June 12, the fifth and sixth Missouri Basin field parties left for 
the field. Party No. 5, directed by Robert W. Neuman and assisted 
by John J. Hoffman and a crew of 10, began work on the early circular 
house village known as the Mostad site (89DW234) and by the end 
of the year was well along on the excavation of the fortification 
system of that site. Party No. 6, also directed by Neuman but as- 
sisted by James J. Stanek and a crew of 10, began work on the 2 
burial mounds at the Swift Bird site (89DW233). By the end of the 
year this party had cleared a large part of one mound and was ex- 
cavating the burial chamber within it. Both sites are on the right 
bank of the Missouri River some 8 miles south of Mobridge, in Dewey 
County, S. Dak., and will be in the bank-slumping area of the Oahe 
Reservoir. The two parties were camped together in the area between 
the two sites. 

The seventh and eighth Missouri Basin Project field parties left for 
the field on June 7. Party No. 7, directed by Dr. Warren W. Caldwell 
and assisted by Richard T. Jensen and a crew of 11, began work on 
the Langdeau site (89L.M209) in the neck of the Big Bend in the 
Big Bend Reservoir just above Lower Brule, Lyman County, S. Dak. 
By the end of the year this crew was well along with the excavation 
of three houses of long-rectangular pattern. Party No. 8, also directed 
by Dr. Caldwell but assisted by Richard E. Carter and a crew of 
nine, began work on site 39L.M2, overlooking Medicine Creek, near 
the neck of the Big Bend in the Big Bend Reservoir, some 8 miles 
above Lower Brule, Lyman County, S. Dak. By the end of the year 
this crew had completed the excavation of one circular house but was 
finding evidence of an earlier occupation of the long-rectangular house 
period. These two parties were camped together at the Crazy Bull 
School House near Lower Brule. 

The ninth Missouri Basin Project field party, under the direction 
of G. Hubert Smith assisted by Lee G. Madison and a crew of eight, 
left for the field on June 12. Based in Pierre, S. Dak., this crew at 
the end of the fiscal year was making progress on the excavations at 
the historic site of Fort George (39S1T202) some 15 miles downstream 
from Pierre in Stanley County, in the area to be flooded by the Big 
Bend Reservoir. Prehistoric occupations lie beneath the historic fur 
trading post at that site and both historic and prehistoric components 
were being excavated. 

The tenth Missouri Basin Project field party, directed by Dr. Wil- 
liam M. Bass and assisted by Jon Muller and a crew of six, left Lin- 


60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


coln on June 7. Also based in Pierre with the Smith party, this crew, 
with the aid of heavy equipment, by the end of the year had exca- 
vated approximately 89 burials from a new area at the Sully site 
(39SL4) some 23 miles upriver from Pierre in Sully County. The 
rising waters of the Oahe Reservoir were beginning to encroach upon 
the site at that time. So far over 3850 burials have been recovered 
from this one protohistoric Arikara site. 

The eleventh Missouri Basin Project field party, directed by Dr. 
Alfred W. Bowers, assisted by William B. Colvin and a crew of 
10, left for the field on June 14. Based in Mobridge, S. Dak., this 
party began excavating at the two adjacent sites, 39CO14 and 39CO34, 
at the mouth of the Grand River in Carson County. These sites are 
in the bank-slumping area of the Oahe Reservoir and were substi- 
tuted for others that had become unavailable for excavation owing to 
impoundment of Oahe Reservoir waters. By the end of the year tests 
in middens, excavations of lodges, and samples of the fortification 
system were progressing well. 

The twelfth field party, not scheduled to begin work until early in 
the following fiscal year, was to go to the Big Bend Reservoir. 

The thirteenth Missouri Basin field party, directed by Lionel! A. 
Brown with a crew of five, left for the field on June 13, and after a tor- 
tuous trip by pack train down Black Canyon into the Big Horn Can- 
yon made camp at the confluence of the two canyons. The group 
began excavation of site 24BH215, adjacent to the party camp, in the 
bottom of the Big Horn Canyon some 6 miles upstream from the 
location of the Yellowtail Dam, Big Horn County, Mont. The site 
proved to be a large camping area and a few projectile points and pot- 
sherds had been recovered by the end of the year. 

Party No. 14 also left for the field on June 18. It consisted of Wil- 
fred M. Husted with a crew of five. The party established camp near 
the upper end of the Horseshoe Bend of the Big Horn River in Big 
Horn County, Wyo., in the upper reaches of the Yellowtail Reser- 
voir area. They tested one site and partially excavated another but 
the terrain proved to be so rough that work without a boat was im- 
practical. At the end of the year the men were making intensive foot 
surveys of that end of the canyon. There were prospects of obtaining 
a boat so that excavations could be resumed early in the coming fiscal 
year. 

Party No. 15 left for the field on June 13 with Oscar L. Mallory in 
charge of a crew of three. ‘This group began an archeological survey 
along the Missouri River between Fort Benton, Mont., and the upper 
reaches of the Fort Peck Reservoir. This is known as the Missouri 
Breaks area. Beginning near Fort Benton, the party had surveyed 
some 20 miles of the area by the end of the fiscal year and had located 
19 sites, mostly tipi sites and rock cairns. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 61 


The sixteenth Missouri Basin Project field party, directed by Carl 
F, Miller, with a crew of nine, left for the field on June 15 and estab- 
lished headquarters in the town of Blue Rapids, Kans. By the end 
of the year this party had examined three of the sites in the upper 
reaches of the Tuttle Creek Reservoir in Marshall County, north- 
eastern Kansas, and had begun testing one of them (14MH70). 

Cooperating institutions working in the Missouri River Basin at the 
beginning of the fiscal year included six field parties, representing 
five State agencies in Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, and Missouri. 
Dr. Preston Holder, with a crew of students from the University of 
Nebraska, completed work during July on the Leavenworth site 
(39CO9), 10 miles north of Mobridge, S. Dak., in the Oahe Reservoir 
area. Dr. Carl H. Chapman and a crew trom the University of Mis- 
souri continued the survey and testing of sites in the Kaysinger Bluff 
Reservoir area on the Osage River in west-central Missouri during the 
period July to September. In addition, Chapman had a University 
of Missouri crew at work on the survey of the Stockton Reservoir in 
a branch of the Osage River in Cedar and Dade Counties, Mo. 
Thomas A. Witty with a group from the Kansas State Historical So- 
ciety was excavating the Woods site (14C Y30) and testing several 
other sites in the Milford Reservoir area on the Republican River in 
Geary County, Kans. Roger T. Grange and a crew from the Ne- 
braska State Historical Society was at work in the Red Willow Reser- 
voir basin in Frontier County, southwestern Nebraska. This reservoir 
is nearly completed and by the end of this field season will begin to 
fill. Dr. Preston Holder, assisted by Dr. Emily Blasingham and a 
crew of students from the University of Nebraska, was at work on 
excavation, testing, and survey of sites in the Norton Reservoir area of 
northwestern Kansas. Dr. Carlyle S. Smith, assisted by Walter 
Birkby and a crew of students from the University of Kansas, began 
work in June excavating two key sites and testing several others in the 
Melvern Reservoir area in Osage County, east-central Kansas. Dr. 
Carl H. Chapman and a crew from the University of Missouri were 
continuing the survey and testing of sites in the Kaysinger Bluff 
Reservoir area in west-central Missouri and, with a second crew, was 
at work sampling sites in the Stockton Reservoir area in Cedar and 
Dade Counties, Mo. All the cooperating institution parties men- 
tioned above were operating under agreements with the National Park 
Service and cooperating with the Smithsonian Institution in the 
Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage Program. 

During the time that the Missouri Basin Project archeologists were 
not in the field, they were engaged in analyses of their materials and in 
laboratory and library research. They also prepared manuscripts of 
technical reports and wrote articles and papers of a more popular 
nature. 


62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The Missouri Basin Chronology Program by the end of the year had 
been in operation 314 years, having been begun by archeologists of the 
Missouri Basin Project in January 1958. Cooperation and continued 
participation by most of the archeologists in the Plains area have been 
most encouraging. Especial emphasis last year was on the dendro- 
chronological section of the program, particularly the master chart 
for the Fort Thompson-to-Cheyenne River area. During the fiscal 
year many wood samples from prehistoric houses were matched 
to this chart and considerable effort was devoted to the refinement of 
the laboratory techniques of tree-ring study being used in the Lincoln 
office. To this end additional equipment was purchased, such as mi- 
croscopes, a De Rouen Dendrochronograph, a power sander, and an 
increment borer. Also, consultations and advice were sought from 
the staff of the laboratory of tree-ring studies at the University of 
Arizona, and much assistance was obtained from these discussions. 

The carbon-14 section of the Chronology Program received major 
attention throughout the year. Seven additional dates were obtained 
from charcoal samples submitted to the University of Michigan 
Memorial Phoenix Laboratory. In addition to this source of C-14 
dates, an agreement was entered into between the Chronology Program 
and Isotopes Incorporated, of Westwood, N.J., under the direction of 
Milton Trautman, to date a series of charcoal specimens. The agree- 
ment with Isotopes Incorporated has resulted in 19 dates so far de- 
rived from the Missouri Basin Chronology Program. 

The laboratory and office staff spent its full effort during the year 
in processing specimen materials for study, photographing and illus- 
trating specimens, preparing specimen records, and typing, filing, and 
illustrating record and manuscript materials. ‘The accomplishments 
of the laboratory and office staff are listed in tables 1 and 2. 

Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, chief, when not in charge of field parties, 
devoted a large part of his time to management of the over-all Mis- 
souri Basin Project. His individual archeological research and re- 
port writing were minimal during the year, but he made some further 
progress on the monograph reporting the “Archeological Investiga- 
tions in the Whitney Reservoir, Texas” and on the analyses of speci- 
mens from the Sully site (89SL4) in the Oahe Reservoir. Through- 
out the year he continued to serve as chairman of the Missouri Basin 
Chronology Program, as assistant editor of “Notes and News in the 
Plains Area” for American Antiquity, and as associate editor of the 
Plains Anthropologist. At the 19th Plains Conference for Arche- 
ology, held in Lawton, Okla., on Thanksgiving weekend, he served as 
chairman of the session on “Salvage Archeology in the Plains” and 
presented a paper on “Three Smithsonian Salvage Sites” and also 
one on “Historic Montana Burials.” 

Dr. Stephenson attended the meeting of the “Committee for the 


SECRETARY’S REPORT l 63 


Recovery of Archeological Remains” held in Washington, D.C., on 


February 8-9 and reported on the Missouri Basin Project activities 


of the past 2 years and the prospects for the coming year. He at- 
tended the annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences in 
Lincoln on April 18. During the period April 15-22 he was in Austin, 
Tex., serving as technical adviser and making studio sequences for a 
motion picture on salvage archeology in the Plains area. From April 
28 to May 8 he attended the Society for American Archeology annual 
meeting at Tucson, Ariz., where he presented a paper on “Administra- 
tive Problems of the River Basin Surveys.” While in Tucson he con- 
ferred with the staff of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and of 
the Geochronology Laboratory of the University of Arizona. During 
the year he wrote several book reviews for scientific journals and gave 
talks to various local civic organizations. Among the latter was the 
Omaha, Nebr., Kiwanis Club meeting to honor Dr. Ahmed Fakhry 
and the Tutankhamun exhibit at Joslyn Art Museum on May 9, and 
the meeting of the planning committee for the Heartland Exhibit at 
the New York World’s Fair in 1964-65, held in Omaha on May 17. 
From June 17 to 24 he visited the field parties in Montana and at the 
end of the year was back in the Lincoln office. 

Lionel A. Brown, archeologist, joined the staff on April 2 and spent 
the ensuing month in the Lincoln oflice learning field and laboratory 
procedures and preparing for the summev’s field work. He was in the 
field from May 1 to 25 conducting surveys and excavations in the 
Pony Creek Drainage area of southwestern Iowa. On June 13 he 
again left for the field, where at the end of the year he was excavating 
in the Yellowtail Reservoir in Montana. 

Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, archeologist, when not in charge of field 
parties, devoted most of his time to analyses of specimen materials he 
had recovered from salvage excavations in previous years. He com- 
pleted two drafts of a monograph entitled “Archeological Investiga- 
tions at the Black Partizan site (891L.M218), Big Bend Reservoir, 
South Dakota,” and that is now ready for final revision. He con- 
tinued sporadic work on the revision of his manuscript “The Archeol- 
ogy of Wakemap,” wrote several reviews for various scientific journals, 
and had the following three technical articles and one monograph 
published: “Archeological Excavations at the Coralville Reservoir, 
Towa,” published in Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 179, 
River Basin Surveys Paper No. 22, 1961; “Tree Ring Investigations 
in Central South Dakota,” published in abstract in the Proceedings of 
the 72d Meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 1962; “Tree 
Ring Dating and the Village Cultures of South Dakota,” published 
in Progress of the Interior Missouri Basin Field Committee, 1962; and 
“The Missouri Basin Chronology Program, Statement No. 3,” pub- 
lished by offset in the Missouri Basin Project office, 1962. 


64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Throughout the year he served as collaborator for the Plains area 
on Abstracts of New World Archeology and prepared abstracts of 10 
articles for that publication. In addition, he served as contributing 
editor for Plains literature and reviews for the Plains Anthropologist, 
and (on annual leave) as part-time assistant professor of anthropology 
at the University of Nebraska, as well as continuing his position as 
chairman of the dendrochronology section of the Missouri Basin 
Chronology Program. On April 14 he attended the annual meeting 
of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences where he presented a paper 
entitled “Tree Ring Investigations in Central South Dakota” and 
served as a panel discussant in a symposium on “Modern Research 
Methods in the Field of Ethnohistory.” He attended the 27th annual 
meeting of the Society for American Archeology in Tucson, Ariz., on 
May 3-5, where he participated in a symposium on “Tree Ring Dat- 
ing” and also conferred with the staff members of the Laboratory of 
Tree Ring Research and the Geochronology Laboratory at the Uni- 
versity of Arizona. At the end of the year he was again engaged in 
excavating archeological sites in the Big Bend Reservoir area. 

Wilfred M. Husted, archeologist, jomed the staff on April 16 and 
spent the rest of that month in the Lincoln office learning field and 
laboratory procedures and preparing for the summer’s field work. 
During May 1-11 he was in the field with Brown in the Pony Creek 
Drainage area in Iowa. On June 13, he again left for the field where, 
at the end of the year, he was excavating in Yellowtail Reservoir area 
in Wyoming. 

Robert W. Neuman, archeologist, when not in the field conducting 
excavations, was at work analyzing archeological materials he had 
previously excavated in the Big Bend and Oahe Reservoir areas. He 
completed one monograph entitled “The Good Soldier Site, Lyman 
County, South Dakota,” which will appear as River Basin Surveys 
Paper No. 37 in Bulletin 189 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 
The major portion of his laboratory research time was devoted to an 
analysis of data and the development of a trait list for burial mounds 
in the Middle Missouri and northern Plains areas, the compilation of 
a report on preceramic horizons in the Fort Thompson vicinity, and 
an article on check-stamped pottery in the northern and central Plains. 
Throughout the year he served as chairman of the carbon-14 section 
of the Missouri Basin Chronology Program. Over the Thanksgiving 
weekend he attended the Plains Conference for Archeology at Lawton, 
Okla., where he presented a paper on “The 1961 Missouri Basin Proj- 
ect Field Season” and another on “Historic Indian Burials near Fort 
Thompson.” On April 13 he attended the annual meeting of the 
Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln and presented a paper en- 
titled “Check Stamped Pottery on the Central and Northern Plains,” 
which was published in abstract in the proceedings of the meeting. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 65 


On May 4-5 he attended and participated in the annual meeting of 


the Central States Anthropoligical Society in St. Louis. At the 


end of the year he was again in the field conducting archeological 
excavations. 

G. Hubert Smith, archeologist, was on duty at the first of the year 
in the Lincoln office continuing work on the comprehensive report of 
investigations at the site of Like-a-Fishhook Village and Fort Berth- 
old I and II (82ML2), in the Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota. He 
devoted most of his efforts during the year to this report and had 
completed most of a first draft of it by the end of the year. During 
the period July 21-29 he accompanied the chief on a trip to Montana 
and Wyoming, particularly to consult with Bureau of Reclamation 
officials in regard to the salvage and preservation of Fort C. F. Smith 
at the mouth of the Big Horn Canyon in Montana, near the construc- 
tion area of the Yellowtail Dam. He attended the 19th Plains Con- 
ference for Archeology at Lawton, Okla., on Thanksgiving weekend 
and served as chairman of a session on “Historic Sites Archeology and 
Ethnography.” On April 13 he attended the annual meeting of the 
Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln and participated in a sym- 
posium on “Research Methods in Ethnohistory.” On May 5 he at- 
tended and participated in the annual meeting of the National Trust 
for Historic Preservation held in Omaha, Nebr. Throughout the year 
he served as chairman of the historic documentation section of the 
Missouri Basin Chronology Program and as a member of the edi- 
torial board of the Plains Anthropologist. 

During the period of May 15-20 he was in the field visiting the Fort 
Sully site in the Oahe Reservoir area of central South Dakota and 
making an archeological survey of the Arcadia Reservoir area in 
central Nebraska. On June 12 he returned to the field where he was 
again conducting excavations in the Big Bend Reservoir area at the 
end of the year. 


TABLE 1.—Specimens processed, July 1, 1961—June 30, 1962 


Number Catalog Number of 

Reservoir of sites numbers specimens 

assigned processed 
NTRP NG IMS gas Sikes a ap ia he oe Ce eg 1 5 29 
Tome ricer teientare NDEs IRR ARCS ETT 9 2, 435 64, 892 
OEGe am ale Mey eel So PS ee ee ee 1 5 8 
ewiskande @larkem ax esti Bo leew) ee 1 4 20 
Cnn eS ee apse 9 ee 9 al! 1, 457 
Sites not in a reservoir area____________-__- 5 325 1, 274 


Total 26 4, 745 83, 680 


66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


As of June 30, 1962, the Missouri Basin Project had cataloged 
1,339,396 specimens from 2,152 numbered sites and 59 collections not 
assigned site numbers. 

Specimens restored: 5 pottery vessel sections. 

Specimens donated to the Missouri Basin Project for comparative use: 

Thirty-one pot rim sherds representing Fort Rice and Huff wares—State 
Historical Society of North Dakota, courtesy of W. Raymond Wood. 

Thirty-one trade beads—University of Texas, courtesy of Edward B. Jelks. 

Three United States Army buttons dating 1850—70—courtesy of S. J. Olsen, 
Florida Geological Survey. 


TABLE 2.—Record material processed, July 1, 1961-June 20, 1962 


MISSOURI BASIN PROJECT 


Reflex: copies’ of Tecords2222222.0 2. 3 Ea ee ee 3, 809 
Photographicmegatives made She ee ie eee 1, 185 
Photographie pris: we he se a 3, 392 
Photographic prints mounted and filed________________-_______________ 1, 673 
Transparencies mounted in glass. 2.05. les ee ee 564 
Kodachrome pictures taken! in lap= 2) Se eee 156 
Cartographic tracings/and drawings 2 Oe eee 55 
TNS Ga EVO MS ee a es a DI else ae 29 
Thettering: of platese ese sui in ei a ea ete al ae eR 10 
Prone: Craw a Seca Oe LSE ale Lr rrr 33 
Plate layouts made for manuscripts. - 22 2 eee 10 


Virginia.—An archeological reconnaissance was made during the 
period from April 3 to May 11 at the Smith Mountain Project on 
the Roanoke River in southern Virginia. That is an Appalachian 
Power Co. undertaking and consists of the construction of two dams— 
Smith Mountain and Leesville—which will provide water for power 
purposes. The two reservoirs they will form will be located in Bed- 
ford, Franklin, and Pittsylvania Counties, Va. The survey was made 
by Carl F. Miller. His work was greatly facilitated by complete 
cooperation on the part of personnel of the Appalachian Power Co. 
and the Nello L. Teer Construction Co. The power company provided 
a helicopter which made possible a study of the reservoir areas from 
the air and also the taking of aerial photographs of the more important 
sites. 

Mr. Miller located and recorded 35 sites in the Smith Mountain basin 
and 17 sites in the Leesville basin. Of the total of 52, only 1 will 
not be endangered by the inundation of the 2 areas. However, 
after careful examination of the surfaces and the testing of some 
sites, Mr. Miller concluded that only four of them merited excavation 
and detailed study. Three are in the Smith Mountain basin, while 
the fourth is in the Leesville basin. The sites cover the Early, Middle, 
and Late Woodland periods, involving a timespan beginning about 
3000 B.C. and lasting to about A.D. 1000. They are significant be- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 67 


cause of the fact that they occur upstream from the James H. Kerr 

Reservoir where extensive archeological studies were made several 
years ago and, while related to the manifestations present there, 
they appear to contain some cultural elements which were not found 
farther downstream. Excavations will be made at Smith Mountain 
during the next fiscal year. 


ARCHIVES 


The Bureau archives continued under the custody of Mrs. Margaret 
C. Blaker, archivist. 

Following the death of Dr. John P. Harrington, extensive series 
of his linguistic and ethnographic notes relating to numerous North 
American Indian tribes were returned from private storage and 
deposited with the Bureau through the courtesy of his daughter, Miss 
Awona W. Harrington. This material is voluminous and has become 
disarranged during years of storage. To serve asa preliminary guide, 
a list of the manuscripts, with particular attention to those dealing 
with Indian languages of California, was prepared by Miss Catherine 
Callaghan, scientific linguist. 

A collection of letters, family records, and photographs from the 
estate of Matilda Coxe Stevenson, relating mainly to Mrs. Stevenson, 
although some pertained to her husband, Col. James Stevenson, was 
received as a gift from Manning Gasch of McLean, Va. 

Two copybooks containing Micmac ideograms and an interlinear 
transcription of the Micmac words written about 1943 by Frank Navin, 
an Indian of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, were lent by the Rev. Father 
Placide, O.F.M., Cap., Ristigouche, Quebec, to be microfilmed for 
the Bureau archives. 

A collection of over 4,000 photographic prints relating to North 
American Indian tribes was transferred from the U.S. National 
Museum. The prints have been sorted and arranged by cultural area 
and tribe, but much remains to be done in tracing the original acces- 
sion data in order to determine actual or terminal dates and other 
relevant background information. 

Forty-two photographs relating to several Hopi pueblos, taken 
by Miss Margaret Brainard in 1929-31, 1938, and 1950, were donated 
by her. 

Thirty-six color transparencies of North Carolina and Oklahoma 
Cherokee, taken by Raymond Fogelson in 1960, were donated by him. 

Thirty-three photographs of persons of Indian descent living in 
Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Maine, and Quebec, taken by Daniel 
Kennedy in 1960 and 1961, were donated by him. 

Sixteen photographs of Chippewa Indians taken in 1905 at Grand 
Marais and Grand Portage, Minn., by Frances Densmore before she 
became affiliated with the Bureau were donated by Eliot Davis, 


68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


superintendent of Grand Portage National Monument, Grand Marais, 
Minn. 

Seven photographs of western Indians were lent for copying by 
Vernon M. Riley of Chino, Calif. 

As in previous years the manuscript and photographic collections 
were consulted by numerous scholars and members of the general 
public. There were approximately 175 written and personal inquiries 
about manuscripts, including requests for microfilm copies, and ap- 
proximately 600 inquiries about and requests for photographic prints. 
Over 2,450 photographs were prepared and distributed, an increase 


over last year’s figure. 
ILLUSTRATIONS 


The illustrator devoted most of his time to preparing and com- 
pleting a variety of tasks in the fields of archeology, anthropology, 
and ethnology. Work was also prepared for the River Basin Sur- 
veys and for several other branches of the Institution. 


LIBRARY 


A reference librarian was appointed for the Bureau of American 
Ethnology Library in May 1962, to provide library services for the 
staffs of the Bureau and other branches of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, and other qualified scholars. Rearrangement of the library’s 
collection has already been completed, and it is planned to organize 
and maintain the collection so that it will realize its potential 
usefulness. 

In the process of shifting materials, various interesting publications 
have attracted attention, among them what seems to be the original 
Circular in Reference to Degrees of Relationship Among Different 
Nations by Lewis Henry Morgan and a good collection of congres- 
sional reports pertaining to Indian affairs beginning with the 12th 
Congress. Several early editions of encyclopedias, dictionaries, and 
gazetteers have been gathered together and made more accessible for 
the patrons. 

The valuable reprint collection has been organized and an author 
index made with assistance of summer student employees. 

Special emphasis will be placed on the strengthening of this 
library’s collection by filling gaps in important serial runs, reactivat- 
ing and following up on exchange materials, and the acquisition of 
important works, both retrospective and current. 


EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS 


The editorial work of the Bureau continued during the year under 
the immediate direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. The following 
publications were issued : 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 69 


Seventy-eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1960-61. 
ii+33 pp., 2 pls. 1962. 

Bulletin 175. Mohave ethnopsychiatry and suicide: The psychiatric knowledge 
and the psychic disturbances of an Indian tribe, by George Devereux. 
vi+586 pp., 10 pls. 1961. 

Bulletin 179. River Basin Surveys Papers, Nos. 21-24, Frank H. H. Roberts, 
Jr.,editor. xviii+337 pp., 56 pls., 43 figs. 1961. 

No. 21. Excavations at Texarkana Reservoir, Sulphur River, Texas, by 
Hdward B. Jelks. 

No. 22. Archeological investigations at the Coralville Reservoir, Iowa, by 
Warren W. Caldwell. 

No. 23. The McNary Reservoir: A study in Plateau archeology, by Joel L. 
Shiner. 

No. 24. The Sheep Island site and the Mid-Columbia Valley, by Douglas 
Osborne, Alan Bryan, and Robert H. Crabtree. 

Bulletin 183. Seneca Thanksgiving rituals, by Wallace L. Chafe. iii-+-302 pp. 
1961. 


Publications distributed totaled 19,326, as compared with 29,845 
for the fiscal year 1961. 


COLLECTIONS 


The following collections were made by staff members of the River 
Basin Surveys of the Bureau of American Ethnology and transferred 
to the permanent collections of the Department of Anthropology, 
U.S. National Museum : 

Acc. Nos. 
PERSO Tl AAD LoAO YAO AB kA O PAs yee 11,560 miscellaneous stone, bone, and shell 


archeological specimens from various 
localities in the United States. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Dr. M. W. Stirling, Dr. A. J. Waring, and Sister Inez Hilger con- 
tinued as research associates. Dr. John P. Harrington, linguist on 
the staff of the Bureau from February 20, 1915, until his retirement 
on April 30, 1954, and later research associate, died on October 21, 
1961, in San Diego, Calif., after many months’ illness. 

Dr. Wallace L. Chafe worked part time during the academic year 
1961-62 so that he could teach linguistics in the graduate school at 
Catholic University of America. 

Robert M. Laughlin reported for duty on June 10 as ethnologist 
specializing in the Middle American area. 

The Bureau revised and reissued during the fiscal year the follow- 
ing bibliographies and lists: 

SIL-47, rev., 8/61: Selected bibliography on the Battle of the Little Big Horn. 

5 pp. 
sia) rey., 3/62: Bibliography on American Indian medicine and health. 


Compiled by William C. Sturtevant. 39 pp. 
SIL-65, 3d rev., 3/62: Introductory bibliography on the American Indian. 7 pp. 


70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


SIL-53, rev., 4/62: Photographic collections of the Bureau of American Ethnol- 
ogy. 2 pp. 
SIL-90, rev., 4/62: Some dealers in second-hand anthropological and govern- 
ment publications. 2 pp. 
SIL-—50, 4th rev., 6/62: Selected list of portraits of prominent Indians in the 
collections of the Bureau of American Ethnology. 3 pp. 
SIL-81, rev., 6/62: Selected bibliography on stone-chipping methods. 4 pp. 
Although the 3,227 letters received in the director’s office during 
the year indicate a decrease from the previous year, the total is well 
above the average for the past several years. ‘This number, of course, 
does not include semiofficial letters received by staff members from 
colleagues and interested individuals. Because the Bureau does not 
maintain a mailing list for its bibliography series, many college and 
university librarians write in for complete sets and for information 
leaflets. About 8,000 informational items were mailed from the main 
Bureau office in response to requests for such material. The above 
totals do not include Bureau material and publications sent out by 
the Editorial and Publications Division. Many lots of specimens 
were received by mail or brought to the office for identification and for 
such information as could be provided by Bureau specialists. 
Respectfully submitted. 
Frank H. H. Ropserts, Jr., Dérector. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Astrophysical Observatory 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the op- 
erations of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal 
year ended June 30, 1962: 

The Astrophysical Observatory includes two divisions: the division 
of astrophysical research in Cambridge, Mass., for the study of solar 
and other types of energy impinging on the earth; and the division 
of radiation and organisms in Washington, for the investigation of 
radiation as it relates directly or indirectly to biological problems. 
Shops are maintained in Washington for work in metals, woods, and 
optical electronics, and to prepare special equipment for both di- 
visions; and a shop conducted in cooperation with the Harvard College 
Observatory in Cambridge provides high-precision mechanical work. 
The field station at Table Mountain, Calif., was discontinued. Twelve 
satellite-tracking stations are in operation, in Florida, Hawaii, and 
New Mexico in the United States and abroad in Argentina, Australia, 
Curacao, India, Iran, Japan, Peru, South Africa, and Spain. 


DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH 


The Observatory research staff made significant contributions to 
knowledge of solar astrophysics, meteors, meteorites, artificial satel- 
lites, geophysics, and space science. The continuing refinement of 
observational techniques and the development of new analytical meth- 
ods provided valuable data and opened up new areas of astrophysical 
investigation. 

The Observatory continued, with mutual benefit, its close liaison 
with Harvard College Observatory, the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, Boston University, and other research centers. 

Solar astrophysics—Dr. Leo Goldberg, with Dr. William Liller, is 
directing the design and construction of the ultraviolet scanning 
spectrometer for flight in the S-17 satellite within the framework of 
the program of Orbiting Solar Observatories of the National Aero- 
nautics and Space Administration. The spectral range of the spec- 
trometer will be 500 A. to 1,500 A. and the resolving power will be 
about 1.0 A. Calibration and testing of the instrument packages 
will be carried out in a new laboratory of the Space Science Building. 

The scanning spectrometers are scheduled for rocket flights at the 
end of 1962 and for flight aboard the S-17 satellite during the first 
quarter of 1963. 

658366—62——6 71 


G2, ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The work of the laboratory also includes a broad program of basic 
research on the vacuum ultraviolet radiation of atoms and molecules 
of astrophysical importance with 1- and 3-meter vacuum spectro- 
graphs and a shock tube and flash tube as sources. 

Trying to account for the effect of solar-radiation pressure on the 
drag of the Explorer IX satellite, Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia, assisted by 
Jack Slowey, found that the computed variations of orbital eccen- 
tricity for that satellite are 3 percent too small when the old value 
of the solar constant, 1.94 ly. min“, is used; the discrepancy disappears 
when use is made of the new value, 2.00 ly. min“, proposed in 1960 by 
F. S. Johnson to account for the excess ultraviolet radiation. This 
experience suggests that artificial satellites, of appropriate construc- 
tion and in appropriate orbits, could be used for a better determination 
of the solar constant, although there remain serious difficulties con- 
nected with the earth’s albedo and with the reflectivity and the spin of 
the satellite. 

Dr. Max Krook proceeds with his theoretical investigations into 
the further development and application of methods for determining 
the structure of nongray atmospheres. He is also applying, in a num- 
ber of cases, methods developed in continuum theories in gas dynamics 
to problems of the flow of rarefied gases; examining various problems 
in the dynamics of ionized gases (e.g., the structure of shock fronts 
in the presence of magnetic fields) ; and studying the exact solution 
of one-dimensional problems in the kinetic theory of gases. 

Dr. Charles A. Whitney has completed several projects related to his 
long-range studies of stellar atmospheres and stellar pulsation. He 
has devised a simple but powerful new computational method for the 
smoothing of spectrophotometric data, a central problem of obser- 
vational astrophysics hitherto dependent on subjective procedures. 
His comparison of theoretical with observed duration of line-splitting 
in the spectrum of a pulsating variable (W Virginis) reveals excellent 
accord with previous observations. His investigation of the reaction 
of a stellar atmosphere to abrupt variations in heat flux from below 
has resulted in a formula that will aid in distinguishing between fluctu- 
ations from variable heating and those from sound waves propagating 
through the atmosphere. From his study of the structure of shock 
fronts in hydrogen he has found, with the aid of Angelo J. Skalafuris, 
that radiation produced by recombination behind the shock heats 
and ionizes the gas ahead of the shock, thus significantly altering the 
flow and temperature patterns. 

With the assistance of Mr. Skalafuris and W. Kalkofen, Dr. Whit- 
ney has studied ionization relaxation with a one-level atom, an essential 
aspect of the general shock problem, and has drawn some significant 
conclusions on temperatures which, with other results, will bear im- 
portantly on the whole program in this area. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 73 


Studies on the structure of stellar atmospheres continues along 
several lines. Dr. Owen F. Gingerich, investigating radiative equi- 
librium, has introduced into his computer program new correctional 
procedures developed by Dr. Krook and Dr. Eugene Avrett and is 
preparing several manuscripts for publication. David W. Latham’s 
work on convective equilibrium will provide a basis for the theoretical 
study of solar granulation, a subject to which Dr. Whitney’s work on 
thermal relaxation (performed with Alan Krasberg) will contribute. 
Dr. Whitney is also carrying out tests to determine the magnitude of 
departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium in stellar atmos- 
pheres; is attempting to interpret the periodicity of small-scale mo- 
tions in terms of cepheid-like pulsation; and has begun a new study of 
the structure of the lunar surface by means of optical, infrared, and 
radio data. 

During this period Miss Sylvia Boyd and Barry Goldstein com- 
pleted measurements of the profiles of 30 absorption lines in 25 spectra 
of pulsating variables. Robert B. Stefanik studied the time-depend- 
ence of hydrogen excitation in a varying electron gas to determine the 
type of atomic model necessary for obtaining realistic shock structures. 

Dr. Paul W. Hodge and Dr. Frances W. Wright have been investi- 
gating the possible presence in the Large Magellanic Cloud of Popu- 
lation II Cepheids, at present not known to exist there. They have 
concentrated on the globular clusters as the most likely location, in 
the vicinity of which previously known and new variables have been 
studied for periods, brightness, and light-curve characteristics. 

Dr. Richard McCrosky made further progress in his observations 
of Raman scattered Lyman a to determine the still unknown percent- 
age of hydrogen molecules in interstellar space. He is using for this 
purpose the infrared sensitive detectors on the Harvard College Ob- 
servatory 61-inch telescope. 

Dr. Henri E. Mitler is making a theoretical and analytical study 
of the possibility of optical cosmic-ray detection, on the assumption 
that information obtained from the Cerenkov light pulse might lessen 
the need for the usual huge counter array. He has nearly completed 
his analysis of the probable amount of He? produced in planetesimals 
and its effect on concurrent element formation, the determination of 
which is crucial for testing the cosmogonic theory of Fowler, Green- 
stein, and Hoyle. Dr. Mitler is also investigating single-particle 
energy levels in nuclei for possible application of the Hartree-Fock 
theory (especially for predictability of low-lying excited states), in 
preference to Brueckner’s ¢-matrix . 

Dr. Thomas W. Noonan is attempting to formulate, and then solve, 
certain problems in cosmology and general relativity, especially in the 
field now being studied at the Harvard College Observatory under the 
direction of Dr. David Layzer. 


74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Meteoritical studies—Dr. EK. L. Fireman, Dr. David Tilles, and 
J. De Felice continue their measurements of radioactive isotopes in 
recently fallen meteorite and satellite material. Dr. Fireman has 
established that the Ehole meteorite fell August 31,1961. The quanti- 
ties of helium-3, argon-37, and argon-39 present are similar to those 
found in the previously measured Bruderheim and Hamlet meteorites, 
an indication of a similar histery of cosmic-ray bombardment. Al- 
most completed are measurements of those isotopes in the separated 
stone and iron phases of the Harleton meteorite, to determine the 
sources of excess argon-37. Dr. Fireman and Mr. De Felice have 
measured helium-3 and argon-89 in the metallic phase of a stony 
(Bruderheim) meteorite. Results of their analysis of uranium, po- 
tassium, argon-40, and krypton-xenon in iron meteorites by neutron 
activation will be important in determining the age and early history 
of the meteorites. 

The most important results from the study of radioactive isotopes in 
recovered satellites were the discoveries that solar flares contain 1 
percent tritium and that Van Allen particles also contain 1 percent 
tritium. The program will continue to provide information on the 
intensity, energy spectra, and isotopic composition of the trapped 
hydrogen nuclei in the Van Allen belts, as well as on the flux of pri- 
mary high-energy cosmic rays in the vicinity of the earth. 

Dr. Ursula B. Marvin, while investigating accessory minerals in 
meteorites, discovered in an iron sample the presence of cristobalite, 
which appears to contradict metallurgical evidence requiring far 
higher pressures of atmospheres than this mineral can theoretically 
tolerate. In association with Professor C. Frondel she has also studied 
the meteoritic phosphate mineral merrilite, apparently having the 
structure of whitlockite. Analysis of both these minerals should 
provide useful information on the geochemical environment of the 
meteorites at the time of formation. 

With Dr. Fireman and Dr. Tilles, she is attempting to separate 
100 mg. mineral samples from stony meteorites to determine the areas 
of noble gas isotopes and trace elements. The study seeks light on 
the early history of the meteorites and the solar system. For such 
analysis and other isotopic measurements, Dr. Tilles continues work 
on the construction of a high sensitivity mass spectrometer, which, 
when completed, should augment present scanty knowledge of pri- 
mordial and radiogenic noble gases in iron meteorites and help eluci- 
date the age, cooling history, and formation of the irons. Dr. Tilles 
has initiated an additional investigation of hydrogen and tritium 
retention in the metal of meteorites as a means of studying their 
temperatures in space and to help explain the widely varying tritium 
content of the metal phase of stony and iron-nickel meteorites. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 75 


Dr. F. Behn Riggs is experimenting further with his design of an 
- electron probe microanalyzer, which makes possible a point-by-point 
- chemical analysis of polished surfaces of sectioned meteorites without 
destroying the material. Combined with other metallurgical tech- 
niques, it should throw light on the nature, history, and formation of 
meteorites. His analyses so far show the need for a spectrometer, now 
under construction, to scan X-ray wavelengths for the presence of 
elements interfering with best results. 

Dr. John Wood has been studying the composition of chondrules to 
determine whether his hypothesis, that they are hardened droplets of 
liquid silicates which condensed from the vapor phase during the 
origin of the solar system, is compatible with current solar theories. 
Estimating temperatures and pressures in the models of Hoyle and 
Cameron, and comparing them with those at which liquid silicates and 
liquid metallic iron are stable, he concludes that conditions do obtain 
in these models under which the droplets might condense. If, as he 
has postulated, the chondrites should in fact prove to be original 
planetesimals from which both planets and chrondrites accreted, re- 
search into the birth and history of the planets can be greatly advanced. 

Important in this connection is Dr. Wood’s almost completed analy- 
sis of the compositional variation of about 50 chondrules separated 
from the chondrite Bjurbole. For his quantitative arc spectrographic 
study he has used equipment available at the Cabot Spectrographic 
Laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Wood has 
also extended his investigations to the chondrite Renazzo, probably 
a sample of quite primitive, unaltered planetary material, the detailed 
mineralogy of which should reveal the nature of processes operating 
during the origin of the planets. He is using the services of the Ad- 
vanced Metals Corporation of Cambridge for his microchemical de- 
terminations. From his examination of the probable metamorphism 
of most chondrites, Dr. Wood is offering in a forthcoming paper a 
hypothesis to explain the mineral peculiarities of unmetamorphosed 
(e.g., Renazzo) chondrites. 

Dr. Pedro E. Zadunaisky’s study of the definitive orbit of Comet 
Halley 1910, to test current theories about forces perturbing the el- 
liptic-orbit motion of a comet, has now achieved three written and 
tested computer programs. Interpretation and reporting of results 
will follow further development of these programs. 

Dr. Richard E. McCrosky, in collaboration with the Harvard Col- 
lege Observatory, the United States Air Force, Lincoln Laboratory, 
and NASA, has progressed in his attempt to reproduce meteor phe- 
nomena by injecting into the upper atmosphere, at meteoric velocities, 
bodies of known and sufficient size. His results are of critical im- 
portance in calibrating the mass-luminosity and density scale of na- 
tural meteors in the optical range. 


76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Dr. McCrosky’s project of seeking recovery of meteorites as soon as 
possible after their fall, to provide data on the intensity of cosmic-ray 
intensity near the earth and throughout the orbit of the meteorite, 
is approaching actual implementation. In the first such large-scale 
use of automatic photography for the purpose, he will direct a net- 
work of 16 camera stations in the Midwest which will record meteors 
in flight and from analysis of the film indicate the probable site of 
meteoritic landing. To this site, from headquarters in Lincoln, Nebr., 
designated searchers will make their quick-recovery trips and forward 
the material for analysis. Field testing of the cameras has been 
carried out, and the first station is expected to begin photographing 
in November, with hopes that the entire program may be in operation 
by the summer of 1963. Results should greatly increase our present 
knowledge of the numbers, masses, and orbits of meteorites. Dr. 
McCrosky is being assisted by Messrs. Tougas, Munn, and Wargo. 

Dr. Salah Hamid has found from his study of the selection effects 
on the orbital elements of short-period photographic meteors that a 
true distribution of the eccentricity and perihelion distance of the 
interplanetary particles corresponds to previous observations, and 
that any comparison between theoretical and observed distributions 
must consider separately meteors meeting the earth at the ascending 
node and those meeting it at the descending node. His examination 
of the age of short-period photographic meteors, though employing a 
different method, confirms the 10 4-year estimate of the director and 
Dr. Luigi Jacchia. 

From his study of the Quadrantids meteor stream, Dr. Hamid con- 
cludes that it originated from a comet captured by Jupiter 3,000 years 
ago and that its inclination, owing to perturbations of the planet, 
changed from 13° to 75°. Investigating the question of a possible 
common origin of this stream with the apparently unrelated 8-Aquarid 
stream, he found that both stem from the same comet, but that their 
differing approaches to Jupiter (and its perturbations) have markedly 
affected their different duration, perihelion distance, and present po- 
sition. This study should be useful for investigation of other meteor- 
itic problems, such as the rest of the Aquarid stream complex and the 
Toroidal groups. 

Dr. R. Southworth’s project of observing faint meteors for data 
basic to meteor studies has involved planning and supervising the 
computations of the trajectory and the previous orbit around the sun 
of meteors observed by the radar system of the Harvard Radio 
Meteor Project near Havana, Il]. His observations of fainter meteors 
than have been previously made by this method show excellent results 
in accuracy and homogeneity. He has progressed satisfactorily also 
in his study of the dynamical history of meteor streams, a problem 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 77 


both important to the whole subject of meteors and probably helpful 
in the study of other objects and events in interplanetary space. 

Robert E. Briggs completed his study of the space distribution of 
interplanetary dust particles. He found that the light scattered by 
the computed distribution is in good agreement with observed zodia- 
eal light, particularly along the ecliptic, and that most of the particles 
must have diameters of the order of 1 micron and fairly rough surfaces 
of low reflectivity. He is now turning his attention to the velocity 
distribution of interplanetary dust particles. The results of this 
study should be valuable for current and future research on the nature 
of interplanetary space, and perhaps provide new estimates on the 
significance of particle collisions and breakup. 

Dr. Paul W. Hodge and Dr. Frances Wright continue their study of 
the rate of accretion of meteoritic matter by the earth, especially 
that in the form of dust particles collected by jet aircraft at altitudes 
ranging from 30,000 to 90,000 feet. They plan to analyze material 
gathered at even greater heights on the X-15. In addition, they have 
examined dust from very old ice deeply embedded in the Greenland 
and Arctic icecaps. 

The director’s study of the erosion and puncturing of bodies in 
free space continues. The preliminary results obtained have been re- 
ported at three scientific meetings and two publications in press. In 
brief, he has found that space erosion increases from a few angstrom 
units per year for irons to 10 times this rate for stones and nearly 
a thousand times greater rate for fragile material from comets. The 
correlation of erosion rate with brittleness or compressive strength 
indicates cratering by impacts with dust particles in space. A mean 
space density of about 10°? gm/cm® is required, consistent with 
measures of scattered sunlight. Near the earth a higher rate appears 
to prevail, possibly from moon dust, as he has previously suggested. 
The most dangerous place with respect to meteoritic puncture is prob- 
ably the moon’s surface. The project has importance for fundamental 
research on the interplanetary medium and for space engineering 
problems. 

Dr. Fred A. Franklin has completed his dynamical and photometric 
studies of the rings of Saturn. He has obtained for rings A and B 
the values of their optical and physical thicknesses, their masses, and 
the fraction of their volume occupied by particles. He now also has 
a value for the average radius of the individual particles and a 
measure of the roughness of their surfaces. The derived thicknesses 
of the rings are surprisingly small, measured in inches. The rings are 
found to be an enduring feature of the solar system. 

Space studies —Two major projects for Orbiting Astronomical Ob- 
servatories have made satisfactory progress. The director and Dr. 


78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Robert J. Davis, astrophysicist in charge, with other Observatory 
scientists, have concentrated on “Celescope,” the series of telescopes 
intended for orbiting in artificial satellites above the earth’s atmos- 
phere. Equipped to provide television images in four colors of the 
entire celestial sphere, this vital new technique, when completed and 
in operation, will vastly extend astronomical observation to the far ul- 
traviolet region of the spectrum and prepare the way for further 
detailed studies of objects and areas revealed by the surveys. Con- 
tracts have been completed for fabrication of two Aerobee-Hi rocket 
payloads carrying a prototype Celescope of simplified design to test 
critical electronic equipment and the brightness of stars in the ultra- 
violet. These stars, found in recent observations by NASA and others 
to be 10 times fainter than supposed, require more sensitive television 
camera tubes (“uvicons”) and larger optics than were originally 
available for the experimental flight. Now that better uvicons are 
available, the rocket payloads will be rebuilt to accept them. Contract 
for the satellite payload has been awarded, and construction is 
proceeding. 

In connection with this problem Dr. Om P. Rustgi has set up a 
laboratory for absolute calibration of uvicons, a matter of highest im- 
portance to the project for measuring stellar and interstellar radiation. 

Rocket failures and the insufficiently sensitive tubes have delayed 
the program, but successful orbit is expected in 1964. The Celescope 
project is being conducted in cooperation with NASA’s Orbiting 
Astronomical Observatories Program, which provides auxiliary equip- 
ment and support, but the scientific management of the experimental 
payload and analysis of the results remain the Smithsonian’s responsi- 
bility. The long-range plan is for development of even more power- 
ful celescopes and equipment. 

Dr. G. Colombo, professor of theoretical mechanics at the University 
of Padua, Italy, during his 2-year stay at the Observatory has analyzed 
the stabilization of a satellite at the point of equilibrium between the 
earth’s and the moon’s gravitational forces and is exploring the feasi- 
bility of a high sensitivity device for detecting displacement which 
would significantly affect techniques of space navigation and com- 
munication. He has also completed an analysis of the motion of Ex- 
plorer XI (1961 Gamma) around its center of mass and demonstrated 
qualitatively that variations of its angular momentum are explicable 
only by the interaction of the earth’s magnetic field and the body of 
the satellite. 

Dr. Colombo has recently initiated a study of numerical integration 
in the semirestricted three-body problem (including radiation pres- 
sure from a fourth body) to investigate the possible use of such pres- 
sure for transferring earth-around-moon orbits of satellites with large 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 79 


A/m ratios to moon-around-earth orbits. Related research includes 
the effect of lunar orbital eccentricities on moon satellites with large 
‘semimajor axis, and the problem of the asteroidal belt and the law of 
distribution of apsidal lines. Results should contribute to informa- 
tion about dust particles emanating from the moon, orbits of moon 
satellites, and space navigation and communication. 

G. H. Conant, Jr., began an analysis of techniques of numerical 
integration of orbits to determine the nature of error “buildup” as a 
function of time, and possibly to devise new methods for minimizing 
this factor. The program has special pertinence to satellite and lunar- 
probe research. 

Dr. Mario D. Grossi studied the effect of the ionosphere, the Van 
Allen belts, and the earth’s magnetic field on radio-astronomical ob- 
servations in MF and HF bands. Using the Hamiltonian ray-tracing 
for his analysis, he has written a program for computation on IBM-— 
7090. He has demonstrated the existence of a continuous series of 
focal regions produced by the earth’s ionosphere and has applied his 
results with some, success to the problem of Jovian decameter radio 
bursts. 

Imre G. Izsak, seeking increased accuracy of geodetic data derived 
from satellite observations, devised a modification of differential orbit 
improvement using residuals of observations along the orbit and in 
the normal direction to it with different, empirically determined 
weights. He constructed a precise theory of the critical inclination 
for more adequate knowledge of satellite motion. He also developed 
a computer program to make satellite orbits with very small eccentri- 
cities useful for the determination of odd zonal harmonics. Using 
precisely reduced Baker-Nunn satellite observation, he finds coefti- 
cients with 0.5 percent standard error, which is the highest accuracy 
achieved yet. For his continuing research into the tesseral harmonics 
of the geopotential, he is developing a computer program more satis- 
factory than that provided by an earlier method. In collaboration 
with Dr. Michael P. Barnett of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
he is also working on the application of computers to the analytical 
development of the planetary disturbing function in the restricted 
problem of three bodies. 

Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia has concluded a significant portion of his study 
of atmospheric drag on artificial satellites, at present the only reliable 
source of information on atmospheric densities above 200 km. His 
analysis confirms the theory of the semiannual effect of interaction 
between the solar wind and the upper atmosphere, its amplitude 
varying with the 11-year solar cycle; reveals the influence of geo- 
magnetic perturbations on the temperature of the upper atmosphere ; 
provides correlations between atmospheric temperatures and the solar 


80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


flux at diametric wavelength, as well as the position of the sun with 
respect to the zenith; and makes possible prediction of atmospheric 
temperatures and densities as a function of solar-activity parameters. 
In continuing this program, which has already made such important — 
contributions, he will concentrate especially on atmospheric structure. 
Jack Slowey has been closely associated with Dr. Jacchia in these 
investigations. 

Dr. Yoshihide Kozai, on the basis of recently determined data from 
artificial satellites and other celestial bodies, proceeds with his investi- 
gations of astronomical constants. From his research into the geo- 
detic uses of artificial satellites, he has recently prepared reports on 
results for the tesseral harmonics of the earth’s gravitational field, on 
his second-order theory of oblateness perturbations, and on his rede- 
terminations of coefficients of zonal spherical harmonics to the ninth 
order, derived from analysis of Baker-Nunn observations of 13 satel- 
lites. Dr. Kozai has also begun a new program to investigate secular 
perturbations of asteroids for information on high inclination and 
high eccentric orbits, a problem involving the stability theory of 
asteroids and of the solar system. 

Dr. Don A. Lautman’s study of the distribution of the perihelia of 
the asteroids attempts to determine a possible relationship with effects 
of second-order secular perturbations by Jupiter. His continuing 
numerical integration project to explore possible use of radiation 
pressure on balloon satellites as a means of achieving orbits around 
the moon has resulted in several computer programs which he will 
utilize for this purpose and for the study of other orbital problems 
awaiting investigation. 

Dr. G. Veis continued his work in the geodetic uses of satellites from 
a geometric point of view. He is developing a program to use almost 
simultaneous observations for space triangulations and for absolute 
orientation in space of triangulation nets. He is currently attempting 
to determine the position of the 12 Baker-Nunn cameras by using the 
newest precisely reduced Baker-Nunn observations. 

Satellite-tracking program.—tThe optical tracking of artificial sat- 
ellites with NASA support continues to furnish important data for 
the prediction of orbits, determination of atmospheric densities, and 
geophysical and geodetic information. The program embraces a 
worldwide organization of 92 Moonwatch teams composed of non- 
professional observers and 12 precision photographic stations in var- 
ious parts of the world, photographic image-reduction, detailed 
analysis by electronic computers, precise reduction of satellite 
positions, and calculation of satellite ephemerides. 

From May 1, 1961, to May 1, 1962, visual observations by Moon- 
watch of 75 objects (satellites and their orbiting components) totaled 


J 


| SECRETARY'S REPORT 81 


12,073, furnishing basic data for correcting ephemerides and for ac- 
quiring and reacquiring nonbroadcasting satellites. During the year 
the teams conducted a number of searches for orbiting objects. 

_ In the same period the Computations Division distributed to the 
12 Baker-Nunn stations 73,466 predictions that yielded 26,446 obser- 
_yations reported by cable to Cambridge. This amounts to approx- 
imately twice the activity of the previous year. 

The Photoreduction Center received 25,060 successful films (ares) 
and completed 15,409 reductions of satellite positions. 

_ Through the Communications Center, 1.5 to 2 million words were 
cleared each month, 95 percent of these representing satellite data 
received or sent throughout the world. This compares with approx- 
imately 1 million words per month in the previous year. 

The Research and Analysis Division has derived valuable conclu- 
sions based on the data drawn from the several tracking activities (see 
Space Science). For example, the variations of density in the high 
atmosphere for altitudes of 200 to 750 km. have been determined 
with respect to solar activity, ultraviolet and corpuscular radiation. 
The data on atmospheric drag obtained by optical observation are now 
used as basic information by most investigators in the field of 
atmospheric studies. 

The geodetic applications of satellite observations continue to be 
studied. Knowledge of station coordinates has been improved by 
means of a program of simultaneous satellite observations from se- 
lected stations. The Baker-Nunn stations are now well equipped for 
this type of observation, and a prediction program for simultaneous 
observations is working satisfactorily. Good results have been ob- 
tained already from the stations in Peru and Argentina working 
simultaneously. 

To further this work, studies are being conducted of the adapta- 
bility of modified aerial reconnaissance cameras for use as semimobile 
cameras for geodetic use, both independently and in conjunction with 
the fixed-position Baker-Nunn network. The Observatory is coop- 
erating with the Department of Defense and NASA in establishing 
an international program for a flashing-light geodetic satellite. 

Following a decision to continue operations of the optical satellite 
tracking program for a number of years, steps are being taken to do 
major maintenance and overhaul work on the cameras. 

This work is complicated by the fact that facilities for handling the 
optical components of the cameras do not exist in most of the countries 
where the cameras are located. 


PUBLICATIONS 


Publications of the Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics in- 
cluded numbers 9 through 11 of volume 5. 


82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The following papers by staff members of the Astrophysical Obser- 
vatory appeared in various journals: 


AvrkETT, E. H. Particle motion in the equatorial plane of a dipole magnetic 
field. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, pp. 538-58, 1962. 

CARRIER, G. F., and AvreTT, H. H. A non-gray radiative-transfer problem. As- 
trophys. Journ., vol. 134, pp. 469-481, 1961. 

CotomsBo, G. Instability of motion at the Lagrangian triangular point in the 
earth-moon system. Nature, vol. 193, p. 1063, 1962. 

Cook, A. F.; HAWKINS, G. S.; and Stimnon, FE. M. Meteor trail widths. Astron. 
Journ., vol. 67, pp. 158-162, 1962. 

Davis, R., and Goprrepson, KE. A. Optimum resolving power for an ultraviolet 
space telescope. Planet. Space Sci., vol. 5, pp. 207-212, 1961. 

Davis, R. J.. and Ruste, O. P. Ultraviolet instrumentation for Celescope—an 
astrophysical reconnaissance satellite. Applied Optics, vol. 1, pp. 131-137, 
1962. 

FIREMAN, E. L. The Ehole meteorite, its acquisition and its radioactivity. 
Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, pp. 2592-2594, 1962. 

FIREMAN, HW. L., and Dre Fetics, J. Argon-39, argon-37, and tritium in the re- 
cently fallen Bruderheim meteorite (abstract). Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 
66, p. 2528, 1961. 

Tritium, argon-37, and argon-39 in the Bruderheim meteorite. Journ. 
Geophys. Res., vol. 66, pp. 3547-3551, 1961. 

FIREMAN, H. L.; De Ferice, J.; and Tittes, D. Solar flare tritium in a recov- 
ered satellite. Phys. Rev., vol. 123, pp. 1985-19388, 1961. 

HIREMAN, H. L., and FisHer, D. H. Uranium in the Sikhote-Alin meteorite and its 
relation to the lead method of age determination. Nature, vol. 192, pp. 644— 
645, 1961. 

FIREMAN, EH. L., and Rownanp, F. 8. An additional measurement of the tritium 
contents of atmospheric hydrogen of 1949. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 66, p. 
4321, 1961. 

GINGERICH, O. Polynomial approximation for the negative hydrogen-ion ab- 
sorption coefficient. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 134, pp. 653-656, 1961. 

A computer program for non-gray stellar atmospheres (abstract). As- 
tron. Journ., vol. 66, p. 285, 1961. 

GoLpBERG, L. Project West Ford—properties and analysis. Introduction. As- 
tron. Journ., vol. 66, pp. 105-106, 1961. 

‘Solar experiments—U.S. plans. Mém. Soe. Roy. Sci. Liége, ser. 5, vol. 

55, pp. 30-88, 1961. 

The Sun. Bull. Atomic Scientists, vol. 17, pp. 210-213, 1961. 

Studying the universe from a space platform. Jn S. Ramo, ed., Peace- 

time uses of outer space, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1961. 

Report of Commission 12 on radiation and structure of the solar at- 
mosphere. Jn D. H. Sadler, ed., Trans. Intern. Astron. Union, Reports on 
astronomy, vol. XIA, pp. 63-89, Academie Press, New York, 1962. 

GOLDBERG, L., and Dyer, BH. R., Jr. The Sun. Jn UL. V. Berkner and H. Odishaw, 
ed., Science in space, pp. 807-340, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1961. 

Galactic and extragalactic astronomy. In L. V. Berkner and H. Odi- 
shaw, ed., Science in space, pp. 341-399, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 
1961. 

Grossi, M. D.; Strom, K. M.; and Strom, 8S. E. Ionospheric focusing of cosmic 
radio sources. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, pp. 1672-1674, 1962. 

Haainara, Y. Rotation of an earth satellite in flight along its orbit. Smith- 
sonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 113-148, 1961. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 83 


Hoper, P. W. Sampling dust from the stratosphere. Smithsonian Contr. As- 
trophys., vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 145-152, 1961. 

Izsax, I. G. A determination of the ellipticity of the earth’s equator from the 
motion of two satellites. Astron. Journ., vol. 66, pp. 226-229, 1961. 

A determination of the ellipticity of the earth’s equator from the motion 
of two satellites. In H. C. van de Hulst, C. de Jager, and A. F. Moore, ed., 
Space Research II, pp. 352-359, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 
1961. 

IzsaK, I. G., and Kozar, Y. Equipotential surfaces of the earth as obtained 
from satellite motions (abstract). Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 66, pp. 2538- 
2539, 1961. 

Jaccuta, L. G. Irregularities in atmospheric densities deduced from satellite 
observations. Ann. Géophys., vol. 17, pp. 52-55, 1961. 

A working model for the upper atmosphere. Nature, vol. 192, pp. 

1147-1148, 1961. 

Satellite drag during the events of November 1960. In H. C. van de 

Hulst, C. de Jager, and A. F. Moore, ed., Space Research II, pp. 747-750, 

North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1961. 

Interplanetary matter. In H. H. Koelle, ed., Handbook of astro- 
nautical engineering, pp. 2.57-2.64, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1961. 

Koza, Y. Tesseral harmonics of the gravitational potential of the earth as 
derived from satellite motions. Astron. Journ., vol. 66, pp. 355-358, 1961. 

Potential field of the earth derived from motions of artificial satellites. 
In 8. H. Laurila and W. A. Heiskanen, ed., Proc. Symposium of Geodesy 
in the Space Age, pp. 174-176, Ohio State University, Inst. Geodesy, 
Photogrammetry, and Cartography, Publ. No. 15, 1961. 

Kumar, 8S. 8. A method for computing monochromatic fluxes in model stellar 
atmospheres (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 66, pp. 288-289, 1961. 

On the age of the galaxy. Observatory, vol. 82, pp. 34-36, 1962. 

On the A and ®@ operators of radiative transfer theory. Smithsonian 
Contr. Astrophys., vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 153-185, 1962. 

LaAssovszKy, K. On the accuracy of the measurements made upon films photo- 
graphed by Baker-Nunn satellite tracking cameras (abstract). Astron. 
Journ., vol. 66, p. 289, 1961. 

Lepoux, P., and Wuitney, C. A. Velocity fields and associated thermodynamic 
variations in the external layers of intrinsic variable stars. In R. N. 
Thomas, ed., Aerodynamic phenomena in stellar atmospheres, Proc. 4th 
Symposium on Cosmical Gas Dynamics, I.A.U. Symposium No. 12, pp. 131- 
193, Nuovo Cimento Suppl., ser. 10, vol. 22, No. 1, 1961. 

MitrErR, H. E. Electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics. Phys. Rev., 
vol. 124, pp. 940-944, 1961. 

SKALAFuURIS, A., and WHITNEY, C. A. Radiative cooling behind shock fronts 
in stellar atmospheres. Ann. d’Astrophys., vol. 24, pp. 420-424, 1961. 
SouTHwortH, R. B. Planetary perturbations and the Perseid meteor stream 

(abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 66, pp. 295-296, 1961. 

Strom, S. E., and Strom, K. M. A possible mechanism for Jovian decameter 
bursts (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 67, p. 121, 1962. 

TitLEs, D. Variations of silicon isotope ratios in a zoned pegmatite. Journ. 
Geophys. Res., vol. 66, pp. 3015-3020, 1961. 

Natural variations in isotopic abundances of silicon. Journ. Geophys. 

Res., vol. 66, pp. 3003-3013, 1961. 

Primordial gas in the Washington County meteorite. Journ. Geophys. 

Res., vol. 67, pp. 1687-1689, 1962. 


84. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Vets, G., and WuHrePLr, F. L. Experience in precision optical tracking of satel- 
lite for geodesy. In H. C. van de Hulst, C. de Jager, and A. F. Moore, ed., 
Space Research II, pp. 17-33, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 
1961. 

Wurrte, F. L. Dust halo. Space World, vol. 1, No. 8, pp. 20 ff, 1961. 

Problems of the cometary nucleus. Astron. Journ. vol. 66, pp. 375-380, 


1961. 


On the distribution of semimajor axes among comet orbits. Astron. 

Journ., vol. 67, pp. 1-9, 1962. 

Report of Sub-commission 22a on meteorites. In D. H. Sadler, ed., 
Trans. Intern. Astron. Union, Reports on astronomy, vol. XIA, pp. 213-227, 
Academie Press, New York, 1962. 

Wuitney, C. A. Determination of atmospheric densities from satellite observa- 
tions. Ann. Géophys., vol. 17, pp. 287-244, 1961. 

Woop, J. A. Chondrules and the origin of the terrestrial planets. Nature, vol. 
194, pp. 127-130, 1962. 

ZADUNAISKY, P. E.; SHAPIRO, I. I.; and Jones, H. M. Solar radiation pressure 
effects, gas leakage rates, and air densities inferred from the orbit of Echo I. 
In H. C. van de Hulst, C. de Jager, and A. F. Moore, ed., Space Research II, 
pp. 339-351, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1961. 


The Special Reports of the Astrophysical Observatory distribute 
catalogs of satellite observations, orbital data, and preliminary results 
of data analysis prior to journal publication. Thirty-five numbers 
(64 through 98), issued during the year, contain the following 
material: 


Special Report No. 64, July 7, 1961. 

The revised orbit of Satellite 1958 Zeta, by R. C. Nigam. 
Special Report No. 65, July 14, 1961. 

Atmospheric drag on non-spherical artificial satellites, by P. E. Zadunaisky. 
Special Report No. 66 (C-22), July 17, 1961. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1958 Alpha (Explorer I), 
1958 61 (carrier rocket, Vanguard I), 1958 Epsilon (Explorer IV), 1959 
al (Vanguard II), 1959 a2 (carrier rocket, Vanguard II), 1959 Hta 
Vanguard III), and 1959 «1 (Explorer VII), for Sept. 1—Dec. 31, 1960, by 
D. V. Mechau. 

Special Report No. 67 (C-23), July 17, 1961. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 «1 (Hcho I), and 1960 

2 (carrier rocket, Echo I), for Sept. 1-Dec. 31, 1960, by D. V. Mechau. 
Special Report No. 68 (C—24), July 17, 1961. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 61 (carrier rocket, Tiros 
I), for Sept. 14-21, 1960; 1960 62 (Tiros I), for Sept. 2-Oct. 15, 1960; 
1960 y1 (carrier rocket, Transit 1B), for July 7-27, 1960; 1960 y2 (Transit 
1B), for July 26-Nov. 7, 1960; 1960 71 (Transit 2A), for June 26—Dec. 29, 
1960; 1960 2 (Greb), for June 22—-Dec. 23, 1960; 1960 78 (carrier rocket, 
Transit 2A, Greb), for June 23—Dec. 31, 1960; 1960 £1 (Explorer VIII), for 
Nov. 4-Dec. 30, 1960; 1960 £2 (carrier rocket, Explorer VIII), for Nov. 19- 
Dec. 24, 1960; 1960 Omicron (Discoverer XVII), for Nov. 13—Dece. 31, 1960; 
and 1960 Sigma (Discoverer XVIII), for Dec. 8-31, 1960, by D. V. Mechau. 

Special Report No. 69, July 17, 1961. 

List of coordinates of stations engaged in the observation of artificial earth 

satellites, by D. V. Mechau. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 85 


Special Report No. 70, July 18, 1961. 
The motion of Satellite 1958 Epsilon around its center of mass, by G. 
Colombo. 
Special Report No. 71, July 24, 1961. 
Elements of the orbit of the Satellite 1959 Eta (Vanguard III) during the 
first year after launching, by P. EH. Zadunaisky and B. Miller. 
Special Report No. 72, August 9, 1961. 
Tesseral harmonics of the potential of the earth as derived from satellite 
motions, by Y. Kozai. 
Special Report No. 738, August 10, 1961. 
Differential orbit improvement with the use of rotated residuals, by I. G. 
Izsak. 
Special Report No. 74, September 18, 1961. 
On the accuracy of measurements made upon films photographed by Baker- 
Nunn satellite tracking cameras, by K. Lassovszky. 
Special Report No. 75, September 19, 1961. 
Density of the heterosphere related to temperature, by M. Nicolet. 
Special Report (unnumbered), September 20, 1961. 
Index to SAO Special Reports Nos. 1-75. 
Special Report No. 76, October 2, 1961. 
Effects of the earth’s ionosphere on HF radio astronomy from artificial satel- 
lites, by M. D. Grossi, K. M. Strom, and S. E. Strom. 
Special Report No. 77, October 24, 1961. 
Short-periodic oscillations in the drag of Satellite 1958 Alpha, by L. G. 
Jacchia and J. Slowey. 
Special Report No. 78, October 25, 1961. 
Satellite orbital data: Satellites 1958 Alpha, 1958 61 and 1959 11 by B. Miller, 
for May—Dec. 1960, compiled by D. V. Mechau. 
Special Report No. 79, October 30, 1961. 
The analysis of gravity, by H. Jeffreys. 
Special Report No. 80, November 1, 1961. 
The stabilization of an artificial satellite at the inferior conjunction point 
of the earth-moon system, by G. Colombo. 
Special Report No. 81, November 24, 1961. 
The orbits of the Satellites 1959 «1 and 1959 «2 and the perturbations on 
the perigee distance of 1959 a1, by R. C. Nigam. 
Special Report No. 82 (P-1), November 30, 1961. 
Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellites 1959 a1, for Feb. 17- 
June 30, 1959; and 1959 Eta, for Sept. 18—Dec. 31, 1959, prepared by G. 
Veis. 
Special Report No. 83, January 31, 1962. 
Project Celescope, by R. J. Davis and Celescope staff. 
Special Report No. 84, February 9, 1962. 
Preliminary analysis of the atmospheric drag of the twelve-foot balloon 
satellite (1961 51), by L. G. Jacchia and J. Slowey. 
Special Report No. 85 (P-2), February 12, 1962. 
Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellites 1959 «1, for July 
1—Dec. 31, 1959; 1959 a2, for Mar. 6-May 31, 1959 ; 1960 .2, for Sept. 10—Dec. 
31, 1960 ; 1960 Omicron, for Nov. 13—Nov. 16, 1960; and 1960 Sigma, for Dec. 
8—Dec. 10, 1960, prepared by G. Veis. 
Special Report No. 86, February 21, 1962. 
Satellite orbital data: Satellites 1958 Alpha, for Jan. 1—July 1, 1961; 1958 
B1, for Jan. 1-July 27, 1961; 1960 é1, for Nov. 4, 1960—July 3, 1961; 1961 61, 
for Feb. 16—July 2, 1961; and 1961 71, for April 28-Sept. 1, 1961, by B. 


86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Special Report No. 86, February 21, 1962—Continued 
Miller; and 1959 11, for Dec. 31, 1960-July 1, 1961, by J. Weingarten, com- 
piled by I. G. Izsak. 

Special Report No. 87 (C—25), February 28, 1962. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1958 Alpha (Hxplorer I), 1958 
B1 (carrier rocket, Vanguard I), 1959 1 (Vanguard II), 1959 «2 (carrier 
rocket, Vanguard II), 1959 Hta (Vanguard III), and 1959 .1 (Explorer 
VII), for Jan. 1—-June 30, 1961, by D. V. Mechau. 

Special Report No. 88 (C—26), February 23, 1962. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 .1 (Hcho I) and 1960 .2 

(earrier rocket, Echo I), for Jan. 1-June 30, 1961, by D. V. Mechau. 
Special Report No. 89 (C-27), February 23, 1962. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 £1 (Hxplorer VIII), for 
Nov. 3, 1960-June 30, 1961; 1961 61 (Explorer IX), for Feb. 16—-June 30, 
1961; and 1961 71 (Explorer XI), for April 27—June 30, 1961, by D. V. 
Mechau. 

Special Report No. 90, Mar. 14, 1962. 
On the critical inclination in satellite theory, by I. G. Izsak. 
Special Report No. 91 (P-3), April 20, 1962. 

Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellites 1958 62, for Dee. 1-17, 
1958; 1959 «2, for Jan. 1—-Dec. 31, 1960; and 1959 Hta, for Jan. 1—June 30, 
1960. 

Special Report No. 92 (EH-1), April 23, 1962. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellites 1958 52, for Dec. 7-14, 1959, by Y. Kozai; 
1959 a1, for Feb. 21—Dec. 30, 1959, by P. Stern and M. Gutierrez; 1959 
a2, for Mar. 19-May 28, 1959, by P. Stern; 1959 Eta, for Sept. 23—Dec. 30, 
1959, by R. Nigam and P. Stern; 1960 .2, for Sept. 11, 1960-Mar. 12, 1961, 
by I. Izsak and J. Weingarten; 1960 Omicron, for Nov. 13-15, 1960, by J. 
Weingarten; and 1960 Sigma, for Dec. 8-10, 1960, by J. Weingarten, 
compiled by I. G. Izsak. 

Special Report No. 98, May 4, 1962. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellites 1958 Alpha, for July 1, 1961—Jan. 1, 1962, 
by B. Miller ; 1959 11, for July 1, 1961—Jan. 1, 1962, by M. Gutierrez; 1960 
£1, for July 1, 1961-Jan. 1, 1962, by M. Hall; and 1961 961, for July 2, 
1961-Jan. 5, 1962, by J. Weingarten, compiled by I. G. Izsak. 

Special Report No. 94, May 23, 1962. 
On the motion of Explorer XI around its center of mass, by G. Colombo. 
Special Report No. 95 (P-4), June 18, 1962. 

Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellites 1959 Hta, for July 1- 
Dec. 31, 1960; and 1960 12, for Jan. 1-June 30, 1961, prepared by K. 
Haramundanis. 

Special Report No. 96 (C-28), June 25, 1962. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1958 Alpha (Explorer I), 
1959 «1 (Vanguard II), 1959 Eta (Vanguard III), and 1959 «1 (Explorer 
VII), for July 1-Dee. 31, 1961; and 1959 a2 (carrier rocket, Vanguard IT), 
for July 1-27, 1961, by B. Miller. 

Special Report No. 97 (C-—29), June 25, 1962. 

Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 11 (Echo I) and 1960 

«2 (earrier rocket, Echo I), for July 1—Dec. 31, 1961, by B. Miller. 
Special Report No. 98 (C-30), June 25, 1962. 

Catalogue of Satellite observations: Satellites £1 (Explorer VIII) and 
1961 81 (Explorer IX), for July 1—Dec. 31, 1961; v1 (Explorer XI), for 
July 1-Sept. 28, 1961; and 1961 o1 (Transit 4a) and 1961 02 (Injun Solar 
Radiation) , for June 29—Dee. 31, 1961, by B. Miller. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT | 87 
OTHER ACTIVITIES 


_ The director and Drs. Gingerich, Goldberg, Jacchia, Kozai, and 
Lassovszky attended the International Astronomical Union meeting 
in Berkeley, Calif. Mr. Izsak addressed the Space Science Symposium 
at Pasadena, Calif. 

In August 1961, more than 50 scientists from 9 different countries 
attended the International Symposium on the Astronomy and Physics 
of Meteors held at the Observatory headquarters, Cambridge, Mass. 
The director, Dr. Hawkins, Dr. McCrosky, Dr. Southworth, and Mr. 
Briggs presented papers at the meeting. Drs. Fireman, Hamid, 
Jacchia, Wright, and Cook also attended. The proceedings of the 
symposium will be published in the Smithsonian Contributions to 
Astrophysics. 

Dr. Whipple addressed the American Rocket Society meeting in 
New York on the concentration of dust around the earth. 

Sir Harold Jeffreys delivered a series of 24 public lectures on figures 
of the earth and moon. He also lectured at the Institute of Geodesy 
at the University of Ohio. 

Dr. Whipple represented the International Astronomical Union at 
a meeting of the International Academy of Astronautics and the 
Twelfth International Astronautical Congress in Washington, D.C. 
He also attended the U.S. Air Force’s North American Air Defense 
Command Optical Space Science Conference in Colorado Springs, 
Colo. 

Dr. Southworth presented a paper at a meeting on the exploration 
of the solar system by radar and radio-astronomy at the International 
Astronautical Congress in Washington, D.C. 

Dr. Kozai attended the USSR conference on Theoretical Astronomy 
in Moscow. 

Dr. Tilles presented a paper “Tritium in Discoverer Satellites” at 
the National meeting of the American Geophysical Union at Los 
Angeles, Calif. 

Dr. Davis and Mr. Strom attended the American Astronomical 
Society Meeting in Denver, Colo. Mr. Strom presented a paper at 
the meeting. 

Dr. Whipple was awarded the American Astronautical Society’s 
Space Flight Award for 1962 at the annual meeting of the Society 
in Washington, D.C. He was elected vice president of the Society 
for 1962. He also spoke before the Subcommittee on Patents of the 
House of Representatives Committee on Science and Astronautics. 
He appeared before the full committee and presented a paper urging 
removal of military secrecy from the planned flashing-light geodetic 
satellite “Project Anna.” 

658366—62——7 


88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Dr. Davis presented a paper on Project Celescope to the Institute 
of Radio Engineers in Baltimore. 

The director and Dr. Wood attended the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Institute of Space Studies Conference on “The 
Origin of the Solar System” in New York. 

The Observatory, together with the Harvard College Observatory, 
were hosts to the 110th annual meeting of the American Astronomical 
Society. Drs. Whipple, Southworth, Fireman, Kozai, Gingerich, 
Whitney and Messrs. Briggs and Zadunaisky presented papers. 

Dr. Kozai attended a symposium on Solar System Constants at the 
Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. 

Mr. Hagge attended a meeting of Study Group VII, C.C.LR., in 
Geneva, Switzerland, concerning the international distribution of 
standard frequency and time signals. 

Drs. Whipple, Colombo, Fireman, Jacchia, Kozai, Lautman, Tilles, 
Wood, Veis, and Mr. Izsak contributed to the COSPAR Meeting in 
Washington. 

Drs. Jacchia and Kozai attended the International Symposium on 
the Dynamics of Satellites in Paris, France. 

Drs. Whipple and Goldberg were invited to attend the National 
Academy of Sciences, Space Science Board, summer study program 
at the State University of Iowa. The program was directed toward 
an examination of the scope and quality of the national space science 
program and its future objectives. 


STAFF CHANGES 


The following scientists joined the staff: Dr. Thomas Noonan, Dr. 
Henri Mitler, Dr. Ursula Marvin, Dr. Frances Wright, and Dr. Allan 
F. Cook. During this year Sir Harold Jeffreys, Dr. Marcel Nicolet, 
Dr. Salah Hamid, Dr. George Veis, and Dr. G. G. Cillié worked at the 
Observatory. 

Dr. Karoly Lassovszky died on December 20, 1961. 

As of June 30, 1962, 822 persons were employed at the Observatory. 


DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS 
Prepared by W. H. Kietn, Chief of the Division 


The research program of the Division has been concerned with 
fundamental studies in the area of radiation biology with emphasis 
on developing systematic concepts of the metabolic mechanisms and 
responses of living organisms as influenced and regulated by radiation. 

In the study of phototropic responses, the tropic response of Phy- 
comyces blakesleeanus to unilateral broad band blue (400-500 mz) 
light has been found to disappear at intensities greater than 1,300 


SECRETARY'S REPORT . 89 


pw/em?. The growth response also has been found to vanish for 
sporangiophores adapted at intensities greater than 1,300 pw/cm?. 
As this intensity is approached, the growth rate becomes 30-50 percent 
higher than that observed for sporangiophores adapted in the normal 
range of intensities, and this increased rate is maintained for long 
periods of time (3 or more hours). However, the mechanism control- 
ling the level of hight sensitivity (the range adjustment mechanism) 
appears to function at any intensity and with the same time constant 
of about 4.0 minutes as in the normal range. 

The bending rate in the normal range is about 5-7 degrees/minute 
for continuous unilateral stimuli given at 90° to the long axis of the 
sporangiophore. As the intensity approaches 1300 pw/cm?, the bend- 
ing rate decreases rapidly to zero. Apparently, the gradient across 
the cylindrical growing zone disappears, just as found previously 
for immersion oils with an index of refraction near 1.295. Whether 
this loss of a gradient is due to saturation of the light sensitive system 
or to bleaching of the photoreceptors is not yet known. 

Preliminary action spectra, at 20 my intervals, for this disappear- 
ance of the tropic response have been completed and found to have 
very nearly the same wavelength dependence as observed previously 
in the normal range tropic response. 

The dimensions of the cytoplasmic layer within the growing zone 
and adjacent regions of the sporangiophore have been measured under 
oilimmersion. On the average, the cytoplasm occupies about 40 per- 
cent of the diameter from the sporangium to 1 mm below. In the 
growing zone itself it is about 25 percent of the diameter, and below 
the growing zone decreases to about 15 percent. The cytoplasm is con- 
tinuously streaming while being observed, and its thickness fluctuates 
as much as 10 percent within a few minutes at any one point. 

The growth promoting effect of cobalt in etiolated leaf tissue is in- 
dependent of growth inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol, which uncouples 
oxidative phosphorylation. Cobalt does not raise the adenosine tri- 
phosphate (ATP) concentration of leaf tissue, but does prevent a 
decrease in ATP content in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. In 
order to elucidate the role of cobalt, experiments were performed with 
isolated mitochondria, the subcellular organelles which are the sites 
of oxidative phosphorylation. The results showed that cobalt alone 
had no significant effect on respiration or phosphorylation. However, 
when mitochondria were exposed to both cobalt and 2,4-dinitrophenol, 
phosphorylative activity increased about 10 percent over that of the 
2,4-dinitrophenol control. Mitochondria contain not only enzymes 
that synthesize ATP, but also enzymes that decompose ATP. Since 
the influence of cobalt on the synthesis of ATP was relatively small, 
the possibility of cobalt’s influencing the enzymatic decomposition was 


90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


examined. The results of these experiments showed that cobalt in- 
hibited the destruction of ATP. This effect was observed both in the 
presence and absence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. Thus, it is indicated that 
cobalt exerts its growth-promoting influence by inhibiting the activity 
of the enzyme ATPase. 

Studies on light-dependent chloroplast maturation have been con- 
ducted, using chloramphenicol (antibiotic) to determine the participa- 
tion of protein synthesis in the maturation process. Etiolated plants 
that have been treated with chloramphenicol do not develop photo- 
synthetic activity when irradiated with white light. Synthesis of 
chlorophyll is markedly inhibited and cannot be altered by large 
changes in the intensity of irradiation. In contrast, other light-de- 
pendent responses such as leaf expansion, opening of the hypocotyl 
hook, and anthocyanin formation are not inhibited by the antibiotic. 

Measurements of excitation of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact con- 
trol and treated leaves show that chloramphenicol does not prevent 
development of the ability of carotenoid pigments to transfer energy 
to chlorophyll. Measurements of Hill reaction and photosynthetic 
phosphorylation of chloroplasts of treated and control leaves show 
that antibiotic prevents development of these photosynthetic activities. 
Light-dependent increase of the photosynthetic enzyme TPN-linked 
glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by chloram- 
phenicol but that of another, carboxydismutase, was not. Increase in 
leaf protein which is associated with chloroplast maturation was par- 
tially inhibited by chloramphenicol. 

These results indicate that chloramphenicol prevents synthesis of 
substances necessary for dark reactions of photosynthesis. At least 
one of the substances lacking in treated leaves and necessary for 
photosynthesis is associated with chloroplasts. Inhibition of develop- 
ment of photosynthetic activity of leaves can be accounted for by the 
ability of chloramphenicol to inhibit protein synthesis in leaves. 

The physiological basis for changes in sensitivity of maize chromo- 
somes to X-rays during seed germination has been studied, using 
somatic mutation technics. X-ray damage was markedly enhanced 
by oxygen, i.e., plants grown from seeds irradiated under anoxia 
(helium) showed a two- to three-fold reduction in sector frequencies 
as compared to plants grown from seed irradiated in air. Oxygen 
enhancement, which was virtually nil for dry seed, attained its initial 
expression after 4-5 hours hydration. Irradiation in two atmospheres 
of pure oxygen, rather than in air, effected no increase in sector fre- 
quencies during these first 4-5 hours. Apparently, the “oxygen effect” 
is not influenced primarily by factors governing availability of oxygen 
to the embryo, but owes its inception to other biochemical or biophysi- 
cal changes during this early period of germination. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 91 


Studies involving the reversal of red light induction by far-red 
radiation at 25° C. show that there must be a time delay interposed be- 
tween red and far-red light treatments before maximum reversal can 
occur in hypocotyl hook of beans, in Arabidopsis seed germination, and 
in leaf disc expansion. Lettuce seed germination and reversal by far- 
red light at 25° C. does not require a time delay between light treat- 
ments to obtain maximum efficiency in reversal. However, when the 
experiments are conducted at 2° C., a requirement for a time delay 
between light treatments is manifested. 

The influence of such exogenous and endogenous factors as substrate, 
age, ionizing radiation, and particularly the red, far-red photomor- 
phogenic pigment system on the development of the chlorophyll-syn- 
thesizing mechanism in etiolated leaf tissue, have all been previously 
demonstrated in this laboratory. The apparent effect of the media- 
tion of a photomorphogenic receptor on chlorophyll synthesis implies 
a radiant energy stimulation of biochemical systems associated with 
either pigment precursor synthesis and/or exo- or endoplastid enzyme 
systems, resulting in observable gross morphological proplastid 
changes. 

Light-microscope examination of corn leaf tissue macerates have 
revealed both biochemical and morphological changes within the de- 
veloping proplastid. In the dark-grown seedling, proplastids con- 
tinue to enlarge slowly and accumulate considerable starch internally 
during the first several days of growth; a short pretreatment with 
white light, on the other hand, induces an observable degradation of 
accumulated starch, as well as considerable enlargement in proplastid 
size. These light-induced proplastid changes can be correlated with 
photomorphogenic leaf responses such as elongation and expansion. 


PUBLICATIONS 


PRICE, LEONARD, and KLEIN, WILLIAM H. Red, far-red response and chlorophyll 
Synthesis. Plant Physiol., vol. 36, pp. 733-735, 1961. 

SHROPSHIRE, WALTER, Jr. The lens effect and phototropism of Phycomyces. 
Journ. Gen. Physiol., vol. 45, pp. 949-958, 1962. 

MarcuLies, Maurice M. The effect of chloramphenicol on the light dependent 
development of seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris var. Black Valentine, with 
particular reference to the development of photosynthetic activity. Plant 
Physiol., vol. 37, pp. 473-480, 1962. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


The division was represented during this year at various confer- 
ences of scientists and meetings of scientific societies. Drs. L. 
Loercher and W. H. Klein were invited participants in the Gordon 
Research Conferences on Biochemistry and Agriculture, Tilton, N.H., 


92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


where Dr. Loercher presented a paper on “The Influence of Cobalt on 
Leaf Expansion and Yield of Oxidative Phosphorylation.” 

Attending the annual meetings of the American Institute of Bio- 
logical Sciences in August 1961 at Purdue University were L. Price, 
M. Margulies, W. Shropshire, V. B. Elstad, W. H. Klein, L. Loercher, 
and J. L. Edwards. Included among the papers presented to the 
American Society of Plant Physiologists at these meetings were 
“The Effect of Red and Far-Red Radiant Energy and Delta Amino 
Levulinic Acid on the Lag Phase of Chlorophyll Synthesis in Bean 
Seedlings,” by E. C. Sisler, W. H. Klein, and Rebecca Gettens; “The 
Mode of Action of Cobalt in the Expansion of Etiolated Leaf Tissue,” 
by L. Loercher; “The Effect of Chloramphenicol on Chlorophyll 
Formation and on Development of Photosynthetic Activity,” by M. 
Margulies; and “Negative Phototropism of Phycomyces Sporangio- 
phores to Blue Light Stimuli,” by W. Shropshire. Dr. Klein attended 
the Executive Committee sessions of the American Society of Plant 
Physiologists. 

Also in August, J. H. Harrison attended the Seminar for Scientific 
Glassblowers held at the State University of New York. Mr. Harri- 
son and A. H. Busch attended the 8th Annual Symposium of the Amer- 
ican Vacuum Society held in October in Washington. 

Dr. Klein was an invited participant in the Conference on Basic 
Mechanisms in Radiobiology, San Juan, P.R., sponsored by the Atomic 
Energy Commission in November. 

Dr. Shropshire attended the annual meeting of the Biophysical So- 
ciety in Washington in February 1962. In March Dr. Klein visited 
the University of Arizona at Tucson to consult with Dr. Paul Damon 
regarding carbon-dating facilities, and in April he studied newly 
developed carbon-dating technics at Radiochemistry, Inc., at Louis- 
ville, Ky. 

In May 1962, Drs. R. Latterell and Klein attended the 10th Annual 
Meeting of the Radiation Research Society at Colorado Springs, Colo. 

Dr. Shropshire visited Duke University and North Carolina State 
College in June to consult with university scientists in the Depart- 
ments of Biophysics and Plant Physiology. 

Also in June, Mr. Harrison and A. H. Busch attended the 7th 
Annual Symposium of the American Scientific Glassblowers Society, 
held in Washington, where Mr. Harrison participated as chairman of 
the workshop committee. 

The installation of a radio-carbon dating laboratory has been ac- 
complished, and the facility is expected to be operational by August 
1962. Facilities have also been installed for research in the biochem- 
istry and physiology of marine organisms. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 93 


Dr. Pieter J. A. L. de Lint joined the research staff as visiting 
_ plant physiologist from Wageningen, the Netherlands. Dr. Konstan- 
_ tinos Mitrakos also joined the Division as visiting physiologist and 
biochemist from the University of Thessalonika, Greece. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Frep L. Wurerie, Director. 
Dr. Leonard CaRMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Collection of 
Fine Arts 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- 
tivities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year 
ended June 30, 1962: 


SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION 


The 39th annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was 
held in Washington on Tuesday, December 5, 1961. Members present 
were Paul Manship, chairman; Leonard Carmichael, secretary; Gil- 
more D. Clarke, David E. Finley, Walker Hancock, Bartlett H. Hayes, 
Ogden M. Pleissner, Charles H. Sawyer, Stow Wengenroth, Archibald 
G. Wenley, and Andrew Wyeth. James C. Bradley, Assistant Sec- 
retary; Theodore W. Taylor, Assistant to the Secretary of the Smith- 
sonian Institution; and Thomas M. Beggs, Director, National Collec- 
tion of Fine Arts, were also present. 

The Commission recommended reappointment of Robert Woods 
Bliss, Wilmarth Lewis, Henry P. McIlhenny, and Ogden M. Pleissner 
for the usual 4-year period. 

The following officers were reelected for the ensuing year: Paul 
Manship, chairman; Robert Woods Bliss, vice chairman; and Leonard 
Carmichael, secretary. 

The following were reelected members of the executive committee 
for the ensuing year: David E. Finley, chairman; Robert Woods Bliss, 
Gilmore D. Clarke, Archibald G. Wenley, with Paul Manship and 
Leonard Carmichael, ex officio. 

Dr. Carmichael announced the gift from Mrs. Laura Dreyfus Barney 
of Barney Studio House, 2306 Massachusetts Avenue. One of its 
principal rooms is being redecorated at the suggestion of the donor to 
be used by the Smithsonian Institution for meetings and cultural 
events. 

He informed the Commission that Congress had appropriated plan- 
ning funds to provide detailed plans and specifications for the re- 
modeling of the Patent Office Building, which is expected to be vacated 
by the Civil Service Commission in 1963 and ready for occupancy by 
the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery 
during 1965. Dr. Carmichael stated that bills concerning the National 
Portrait Gallery had passed the Senate and had been favorably re- 
ported out of committee in the House. 


94 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 95 


[An act “To provide for a National Portrait Gallery as a bureau of 
the Smithsonian Institution” (Public Law 87-443) was approved on 
April 27, 1962.] 

Mr. Beggs reported briefly that plans for space distribution in the 
Patent Office Building at present allotted approximately 40 percent 
to the National Collection of Fine Arts, 40 percent to the National 


Portrait Gailery, and 20 percent to common services. He stated that 


the National Collection of Fine Arts was looking forward to utilizing 
the space for increasing its temporary exhibition program and for the 
expansion and proper display of permanent collections. Mr. Beggs 
pointed out the following sources from which the National Collection 


_of Fine Arts receives its collections: purchases, such as those from the 
Ranger and Myer Funds; gifts and bequests from individuals; trans- 


fers from other Government agencies; and gifts of state. 
The Commission recommended acceptance of the following for the 


_ National Collection of Fine Arts: 


Two bronzes, The Bear Tamer and Head of Kid, by Paul Bartlett, N.A. (1865— 


| 1925). Offered by Miss Mary Bowditch, Boston, Mass. 


Bronze, Napoleon I (1769-1821) by Launt Thompson (18383-1894). Offered by 
Dr. Gifford B. Pinchot, Upperco, Md. 

Oil, Mother (Annie Williams Gandy), by Thomas C. Hakins (1844-1916). Be- 
quest of Mrs. Edward Pearson Rodman, through Miss Helen W. Gandy, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Oil, Portrait of. Isaac Lea (1792-1886) by Bernhard Uhle (1848-1930). Of- 
fered by Mrs. Lea Hudson, New York City. 

Watercolor, Hains Point by William H. Holmes (1846-1933). Offered by 


_ Lt. Col. C. W. Tazwell, Madeira Beach, Fla. 


Andre Joseph Villard by David Boudon (active 1795-1797), miniature, water- 
eolor on paper. Offered by Frederick W. Cron, Falls Church, Va. 
Two subjects, Mary and Unidentified Gentleman, miniatures, watercolor on 


| ivory, by Nina Nash Cron. Offered by Frederick W. Cron, Falls Church, Va. 


Henry Smith by Undetermined Artist, miniature, watercolor onivory. Offered 


_ by Mrs. Willis Adams, Arlington, Va. 


Flemish tapestry, The Beheading of St. Paul. Offered by Mrs. Phillip Coffin, 
Hamilton, Mass. 

The Commission recommended that decision concerning an Uniden- 
tified Portrait by Undetermined Artist, oil on panel, which was trans- 
ferred from the Library of Congress, be deferred until next year. 


THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND 


The following miniatures, watercolor on ivory, were acquired from 
the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden 
Myer: 

No. 127. William Thornton (1759-1828) by Robert Field (c. 1769-1819). 
Acquired from Miss Maude §. Gallup, Springfield, Vt. 


No. 128. Portrait of a Lady attributed to John Cox Dillman Engleheart 
(1783-1862). Acquired from Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Rankin, Laurel, Md. 


96 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


No. 129. Self Portrait by John Wesley Jarvis (1780-1839). Acquired from 
Mrs. Helen Moffatt Langdon, Alexandria, Va. 

No. 180. Portrait of Mustian by HE. Bossi. Acquired from Arthur J. Dettmers, 
Jr., Washington, D.C. 

No.181. J. Maitiand attributed to Richard Cosway (1740-1821). 

No. 132. 8. Stone, attributed to John Wood Dodge (1807-1893). 

No. 1838. Man in Black Coat, White Stock by A. Galloway. 

No. 154. Man in Brown Coat by Nathaniel Hone (1718-1821). 

No. 185. Man in Dark Blue Coat by Mausion. 

No.186. Young Woman with Dark Hair by Andrew Plimer (1763-1837). 

No. 137. Man with Black Hair, Biue Coat, by Undetermined Artist. 

No. 188. Man with Powdered Wig, Blue Coat, by Undetermined Artist. 

No. 189. Young Giriin White by Undetermined Artist. 


Nos. 181 through 139 were acquired from Mrs. Hubert G. King, 
Washington, D.C. 
WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS 
Silver sugar bowl and cream pitcher by Wiliam Thomson, lent 
October 25, 1951, were withdrawn by William Huntington on Novem- 


ber 20, 1961. 
ART WORKS LENT AND RETURNED 


Loans 

Institutions Loans returned 
Baltimore yMause um cots PAM Gee eae ey ee a ge 1 1 
Bureaw ofthe Bud fetes owiehe cae ee ies ote ka ee he eee 2 2 
Chrysler Art Museum, Provincetown, Mass_______-_____________ ae 1 
Council of Heonomic Advisers_______________________________=_ 1 as 
Dallas Museums ot Hume WA bots sess ee re eee ee 1 1 
Defense) DepartmentGofs 2 2sSostie fo Ue ee oe eee 1 1 
General Services Administration______________________________ 1 Lak 
GWADAY (Hdueationall 2Ve Studio) 222253 oe ee eee 2 2 
Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of________________ 22 20 
Ihave ner (Cae ionsy) (Oroormenuisisnoin se ES 1 ee 
Interior: Departmentyot tthe! 22 Pan ae Se ia 1 1 
Unibermeall! Reviewed iS Teva Ce ss EG ae ee a gc 1 4 
Justice? Departments Of es seh E ee aA a eh ae Leet 10 
UG ATO Ta 5 PVE ern ae Nk eI Wer eer ae 1 
Municipal Court for the District of columns oS i yRBeSE Drs OL Sg 1 1 
Nation aliaG allery, Ot) VA beck ot Giles 2 ont 2 gee De a le eer ee 2 2 
INEM Ml Ie bi Hopeee yl Ooh Ive Tona a 1 1 
Pere EET DAS Siys OTe ie at ENCE eS AEE eee onder 1 a ee 1 1 
1 ih 


Post Office wD eparbinie ms Riis eee eee) Gate ee Le ee 
Sry laksxormnlshal, | OMRON oya 24 8 
State: Department) jo fawn eins Se a6 EEE nen ee a eo 1 
Supreme Court, United States_.___________ Milelek SLi lis aN a 1 
Treasury. Department, (Ogi ii C eee cE ENE eae nL eee a 2 pie 
United States District Court for the District of Columbia______ 1 5 
United States Information Agency______________---------_--_- 1 1 
Wabyethoney, IM Guy braa, Cane Iibaey Ae Re a 1 
The White House________ Jes AU a Oe ay DEE) ey gee gw ccd ee a 1 2 
1 
3 


Whitney, Gertrude sonderoile Museum of Western hae Baas wane aa 
Williamsport (Pa.) Community Arts Festival________---_---_-- 13 al 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 97 
SMITHSONIAN LENDING COLLECTION 


The following were added to the lending collection December 5, 
1961: 


Bronze, Head of Cat, by Paul Bartlett, N.A. (1865-1925). Offered by Miss 
Mary O. Bowditch, Boston, Mass. 

Ivory, Statue of Liberty, by Raman Sankar. Offered by the artist, Karala 
State, Trivandrum, India, through the Embassy of India. 

Two oils, Circus People Resting and Side Show, Ticket Seller, by Bernice 
Cross (1912— ). Transferred from the National Zoological Park. 

Three oils, Trout Stream, Top of the Ridge, and The Alcantara, together with 
two watercolors, Cathedral Steps, Cicicastenango, and Castillo de Bagor, 
Gerona, by Albert Sheldon Pennoyer (1888-1957). Offered by the estate of 
Albert Sheldon Pennoyer through the executors. 

Three oils, The Deserted House, The Happy House, and. Little White House 
(Holland), by S. Seymour Thomas (1868-1956). Offered by Mrs. Jean Haskell, 
Los Angeles, Calif. 

Vive oils, Unidentified Man by M. Shramchenko (1909— ), George Washing- 
ton (1782-1799), by Undetermined Artist, Christopher Columbus (ec. 1446 or 
1451-1506) by Undetermined Artist, Undetermined Title, by M. Stolypin, and 
Undetermined Title by G. Villegas. Transferred from the Library of Congress. 

Two soft crayon lithographs, Duchess Charlotte of Northumberland and Duke 
Hugh of Northumberland, by Undetermined Artist. Offered by Mr. and Mrs. 
J. M. Higgie, Durham, England. 


Harold F. Cross restored the following paintings: Alice Barney in 
Brown and White by Troubetzkoy; Albert Clifford Barney by O. W. 
Roederstein; Child by P. L. J. DeConinck; Laura at 16 by Alice Pike 
Barney; and Angel by Undetermined Artist. 

The White Stock by Alice Pike Barney was renovated by Istvan P. 
Pfeiffer. 


ART WORKS LENT FROM LENDING COLLECTION 


Loans 
Institutions Leans returned 

District Court for the District of Columbia_________________ 3 Es 
Dutchess County Art Association, New York____-____________ 11 11 
Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of______________ 20 20 
Internal) Revenue Service 2222 es a eee iow 1 
Science Information MPxchange_____________________________= ae 15 
United States District Court for the District of Columbia_____ a 3 

34. 50 


ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND 


Additions to the principal during the year amounting to $2,260.62 
increased the total invested sums in the Alice Pike Barney Memorial 
Fund to $43,358.91. 


THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND 


According to a provision of the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, that 
paintings purchased by the Council of the National Academy of De- 
sign from the fund provided by the bequest and assigned to American 
art institutions may be claimed during the 5-year period beginning 


98 


10 years after the death of the artist represented, the following paint- 
ings, recalled for action of the Smithsonian Art Commission at its 
meeting December 5, 1961, were returned for permanent accession by 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


the institutions to which they had been assigned. 


No. 34. Captain Taylor’s Sister, by Ernest L. Ipsen, N.A. (1869-1951) ; pur- 
chased in 1923 for $2,000 and assigned to the Dallas Art Association, Dallas, Tex. 
No. 60. Still Life, by Frank W. Benson, N.A. (1862-1951) ; purchased in 
1926 for $10,000 and assigned to the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 
San Francisco, Calif. 


The following paintings, purchased by the Council of the National 
Academy of Design since the last report, have been assigned as 
follows: 


246. 


247. 


Title and artist 
Landscape, Bridgehampton, by Paul 
Resika (1928—_ ). 
The Sleeping Porch, by Frank Furn- 
ham (1926— ). 


Assignment 
St. Gregory College, Shawnee, Okla. 


Smith College Museum of Art, North- 
ampton, Mass. 


248. Douarnenez, by Miriam Broudy Everhart Museum, Scranton, Pa. 
(1905- ). 

249. Reflections, by Adolf Konrad Assignment pending. 
(1915-_). 

250. Elements of Construction, by Robert Indiana University, Bloomington, 


W. Daley (1922- ). 


Ind. 


251. City of Churches, by Zoltan Sepeshy Rhode Island School of Design, 
(1898- ). Providence, R.I. 

252. Lake Erie Shore, by Werner Groshaus Davenport Municipal Art Gallery, 
(19138- ). Davenport, Iowa. 

253. Thanksgiving, by Salvatore Lascari Bruce Museum, Greenwich, Conn. 
(1884—_ ). 

254. High Pastures (watercolor), by War- Assignment pending. 
ren Baumgartner (1894— ). 

255. Housing Development (watercolor), University of Kansas, Lawrence, 
by E. Ingersoll Maurice (Mrs.) Kans. 
(1901— ). 

256. Figures in the Sunlight (watercolor), Rochester Memorial Art Gallery, 
by John E. Costigan (1888—_ ). Rochester, N.Y. 

257. Thaw (watercolor), by Robert W. TT. L. Wright Art Center, Beloit Col- 
Bode lege, Beloit, Wis. 

258. The Fascination of Toledo (water- Assignment pending. 
eolor), by Carol M. Grant. 

259. Walls of Georgetown (watercolor), Witte Memorial Museum, San An- 
by Ralph Avery (1906- ). tonio, Tex, 

260. Porlock Weir (watercolor), by Don- Mills College, Oakland, Calif. 
ald Teague (1897—_ ). 

261. Turn Around (watercolor), by Ed Assignment pending. 
Graves (1917— ). 

262. Story Teller (watercolor), by Fred- Assignment pending. 
erick Wong (1929-  ). 

263. Monday Morning (watercolor), by Assignment pending. 
Herb Olsen (1905-— ). 

264. Evening by the Seashore (water- Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines, 


color), by Mong Q. Lee (1923-1960). 


Iowa. 


——_-—-—: - —e 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 99 


SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE 


In addition to 108 exhibits held over from previous years as indi- 
cated below, 27 new shows were introduced. The total of 135 shows 
was circulated to 316 museums in the United States. Two exhibitions 
were prepared for circulation abroad. 


EXHIBITS CONTINUED FROM PRIOR YEARS 


1955-56: Chinese Ivories from the Collection of Sir Victor Sassoon. 

1956-57: Japan II by Werner Bischof ; and The World of Edward Weston. 

1957-58: The American City in the 19th Century; Recent American Prints; 
Japanese Woodblock Prints; Theatrical Posters of the Gay Nineties; Con- 
temporary Portuguese Architecture ; Nylon Rug Designs ; Burmese Embroid- 
eries ; Japanese Dolls; Thai Painting ; The Anatomy of Nature; Photographs 
of Sarawak; Glimpses of Switzerland; Drawings by European Children; 
Photographs of Angkor Wat; and Pup, Cub and Kitten. 

1958-59: Advertising in 19th Century America; The Engravings of Pieter 
Brueghel the Elder; Charles Fenderich—Lithographer of American States- 
men: Contemporary Religious Prints from the Sloniker Collection ; Religious 
Subjects in Modern Graphic Arts; Contemporary French Tapestries I; Our 
Town; Stone Rubbings from Angkor Wat; Shaker Craftsmanship; Chil- 
dren’s Paintings from India; and A Child Looks at the Museum. 

1959-60: The Art of Seth Eastman; Contemporary Greek Painting ; Early Draw- 
ings of Toulouse-Lautrec; Watercolors and Drawings by Thomas Rowland- 
son; Prints and Drawings by Jacques Villon; American Prints Today; 
Brazilian Printmakers; Lithographs of Fantin-Latour; Arts and Cultural 
Centers; Bernard Ralph Maybeck; Enamels; Eskimo Art; Contemporary 
French Tapestries II; Story of American Glass; Bazaar Paintings from 
Calcutta; Gandhara Sculpture; Sardinian Crafts; Arctic Riviera; Photo- 
graphs by Robert Capa I; Photographs by Robert Capa II; Outer Mongolia ; 
Pagan; Portraits of Greatness; Contrasts; Paintings by Young Africans; 
Japan I; and Greek Costumes and Embroideries. 

1960-61: Work by Torres Garcia; Three Swiss Painters; The Technique of 
Fresco Painting; Folk Painters of the Canadian West; Paintings by Ch’i 
Pai-Shih; Birds of Greenland; A Tribute to Grandma Moses; The America 
of Currier and Ives; View 1960; Drawings by Sculptors; The Graphic Art 
of Edvard Munch; German Color Prints; Eskimo Graphie Art; Civil War 
Drawings I; Civil War Drawings II; American Art Nouveau Posters; Ameri- 
can Industry in the 19th Century ; America on Stone; Designed in Ckinawa ; 
Okinawa—Continuing Traditions; Prints by Munakata; Contemporary Jap- 
anese Drawings; Japan: Design Today; The Spirit of the Japanese Print; 
Americans—A View from the Hast; Swiss Industrial Architecture; Con- 
temporary Swedish Architecture; Mies van der Rohe; Irish Architecture of 
the Georgian Period; One Hundred Years of Colorado Architecture; 
Brasilia—A New Capital; Scenic Designers Offstage; Design in Germany 
Today; Fibers, Tools and Weaves; Designed for Silver; Batiks by Maud 
Rydin; American Textiles; The Seasons, color photographs by Hliot Porter ; 
The World of Werner Bischof; The Image of Physics; Charles Darwin: 
The Evolution of an Evolutionist; The Beginnings of Flight; The Magnifi- 
cent Enterprise—Education Opens the Door; The New Theatre in Germany ; 
Tropical Africa I; Tropical Africa II; Symphony in Color; Paintings and 
Pastels by Children of Tokyo; Children’s Art from Italy; Hawaiian Chil- 


100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


1960-—61—Continued 
dren’s Art; Designs by Children of Ceylon; and Children’s Paintings from 


Chile. 
EXHIBITIONS INITIATED IN 1962 
Archeology 
Title Source 
Tutankhamun’s Treasures___________ Department of Antiquities, United Arab 
Republic; United Arab Republic 
Hmbassy. 
Paintings and Sculpture 
14 Americans in France______________ American Cultural Center, Paris. 
George Catlin, Paintings and Prints___ Smithsonian Institution. 
Physics and Painting 2=-2 4 2s Index of American Design, National 
Gallery of Art. 
UNESCO Watercolor Reproductions____ UNESCO in Paris; Twentieth Century 
Fund. 
Drawings and Prints 
Belsian Dray ings. eee Ministére de JInstruction Publique; 
M. J. van Lerberghe; Belgian 
Embassy. 
The Lithographs of Childe Hassam____ Smithsonian Institution; National Gal- 
lery of Art; Boston Public Library ; 
Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh; 
Detroit Institute of Art; Philadelphia 
Museum of Art; and others. 
Contemporary Italian Drawings______-_ Traveling Hxhibition Service, Smith- 
sonian Institution. 
John Baptist: Jacksonae = sul eee w Smithsonian Institution, Jacob Kai- 


nen; museums in the United States 
and abroad. 

Contemporary Swedish Prints___-__-___ National Museum; Galleri Brinken, 
Stockholm; EH. Maurice Bloch, Cu- 
rator, Grunwald Graphic Arts Foun- 
dation, UCLA Galleries. 

Tiepolo Drawings__-__________________ Victoria and Albert Museum, London; 
British Government. 


Oriental 
Japanese (Posters. ie walle Da nie Collection of Library of Congress. 
The Face of Viet Nam__________________ Raymond Cauchetier, photographer, 
Paris. 


Architecture 


Architectural Photography (New EHdi- American Institute of Architects; 


tion). Architectural Photographers Asso- 
ciation. 
Le Corbusier—Chapel at Ronchamp_____ American Institute of Architects. 
The Family, The Neighborhood, The United Neighborhood Houses; Na- 
City. tional Federation of Settlements 


and Neighborhood Centers. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 101 


Design and Crafts 


Title Source 
100 Books from the Grabhorn Press___-~ Edwin and Robert Grabhorn Collec- 
tion, private owners. 
Wisconsin Designer-Craftsmen___-_-__- Milwaukee Art Center, Mrs. Meg Tor- 
bert; Wisconsin Designer-Crafts- 
men. 


Photography 


Caribbean Journey_22 22) -=22_ 22 e s se Fritz Henle, photographer, New York 
City. 

TRhHeRS Wwe dish hilme eee eee Swedish Institute, Stockholm, Dr. 
Tore Tallroth, Director ; Embassy of 
Sweden. 

The Story cf a Winery____-_--_--_---+- Paul Masson Vineyards; Ansel Adams 
and Pirkle Jones, photographers. 

Science 

This Is the American Harth__-______-_- Sierra Club of San Francisco. 

The Hidden World of Crystals___------- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Labo- 
ratories. 

FumMmMine binds) 2252 en sees eee American Museum of Natural History, 


New York City. 
Children’s Art 


Brazilian Children’s Art _______________ Alvares Penteada Foundation, Sao 
Paulo; Escolinhas de Arts do Brazil, 
Rio de Janeiro; Brazilian Embassy. 


Children Look at UNESCO___________-- School Art League, New York; Com- 
mercial Museum, Philadelphia. 

Minvgre Hirt © 17 ol SU oe ee I err es) Arts and Activities Magazine; Galerie 
St. Etienne. 


STAFF ACTIVITIES 


An increasing amount of staff time is devoted to reorganization and 
planning in preparation for removal to the Old Patent Office Build- 
ing. Adaptation of NCFA collections and functions to the space 
allotted, certain areas of which must be shared jointly with the newly 
authorized National Portrait Gallery, demands much of the directer’s 
time. Recommendations of many features essential to modern gal- 
lery operation are required in the conversion of a historic structure 
erected a century ago. Assistance of the staff of the Smithsonian, 
especially in providing the services of consultants, Eugene Kingman 
for exhibition techniques, Dr. Anthony Garvan for historical research 
on the Old Patent Office Building, and Dr. Richard H. Howland for 
architectural character of interior design, has been much appreciated. 
Professional advice from construction specialists and staff members of 
the architectural firm of Faulkner, Kingsbury & Stenhouse, has been 
found most helpful. Guidance of the Public Buildings Service, Gen- 
eral Services Administration, has been indispensable. 


102 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The renovation of the Natural History Building and the removal | 
and rehanging of between 300 and 400 other items have required relo- | 
cation of storage involving packing and shipping large canvases. 
This has been planned and removal operations accomplished with the 
aid of the buildings management department of the Institution. That 
department has also given the NCFA generous shop assistance in mov- 
ing the A. P. Barney Lending Collection to new storage and has pro- 
vided excellent cooperation, often at short notice, in the installation of 
foyer exhibits, such as Okinawa: Textiles and Traditions. The assist- 
ance of Mr. and Mrs. Istvan P. Pfeiffer was helpful in completing this 
special show. Keyes Porter has contracted to cross-index accessions 
and otherwise amplify the usefulness of cataloged information. Until 
illness prevented, George C. Groce was engaged in a study of the col- 
lections to determine most essential needs in future augmentation. 
The staff inventoried Barney Collection pictures on loan to Federal 
agencies, noting condition and obtaining information essential to the 
care of the collection. 

In addition to the approximately 20,000 requests for information 
received by mail and telephone, inquiries made in person at the office 
numbered 1,600. In all, 189 works of art were examined by the di- 
rector and curator. 

Special catalogs were published for the following traveling exhibi- 
tions: Tutankhamun’s Treasures; Tiepolo Drawings; Belgian Draw- 
ings; and Drawings by Sculptors. Informative folders were printed 
for traveling shows in the following categories: Natural History and 
Science; Oriental Art Exhibitions; History Exhibitions; Photography 
Exhibitions; and Children’s Art Exhibitions. <A special catalog of 
Traveling Exhibitions for 1962-63 was also published. 

Contracts were let for the relining and restoring by Harold F. Cross 
of the following: Roses by Walter Shirlaw; Sheepyard, Moonlight, 
by H. L. Walker; Portrait of Dr. Stejneger by Bjorn Egeli; Brother 
and Sister by Abbott H. Thayer; Nymph and Water Babies at Play 
by William Baxter Closson; Angel by Abbott H. Thayer; Autumn 
by Bruce Crane; Rome and the Campagna by Richard Wilson; Visit 
to the Tomb of Washington by Thomas P. Rossiter; A Load of Brush 
by Louis Paul Dessar; 11 paintings by Edmund C. Tarbell entitled 
President Wilson, General George Leman, Mary Reading, Herbert 
Hoover, Self Portrait, Mr. Frick and Daughter Helen, Mrs. Tarbell 
as a Girl, Margery and Little Edmund, Marshal Foch, Roses in Blue 
Vase, and In the Orchard; and Mrs. Elizabeth Boucher attributed to 
John S. Copley. 

Henri G. Courtais contracted for renovation of the following paint- 
ings: Self Portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence; Archibald Skirving by 
Sir Henry Raeburn; Head of Old Man by Jose de Ribera; Mrs. Towry 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 103 


by Sir Thomas Lawrence; Edmund Waller by Gerard van Soest 


(formerly attributed to Dobson) ; Marine by Richard Parkes Boning- 


ton; Virgin and Child by Bernard Van Orley; Ralph Cross Johnson 
by Ernest Moore; Duke of Sussex by Sir William Beechey; Canal 
Scene by Francesco Guardi; Water Scene by Francesco Guardi; 
Landscape by Thomas Barker; and Young Girl attributed to Drost. 


SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS 


July 1 through 28, 1961. Ninth Interservice Photography Contest, sponsored 
by the Armed Forces of the United States; consisted of photographs by members 
of the armed services. 

July 29 through August 27, 1961. The Magnificent Enterprise: Education 
Opens the Door, sponsored by the Vassar Club of Washington, D.C., and circu- 
lated by the Smithsonian Traveling Hxhibition Service; consisted of 200 
photographs, engravings, lithographs, posters, and drawings. 

September 8 through October 18, 1961. The Highth International Exhibition 
of Ceramic Art, sponsored by the Kiln Club of Washington, D.C., and installed 
by the Division of Ceramics and Glass; consisted of 426 items, including 255 
objects from the United States and 171 objects from 16 foreign countries. A 
eatalog was privately printed. 

October 21 through November 9, 1961. Sixty-eighth Annual Hxhibition of the 
Society of Washington Artists, consisting of 74 paintings and 20 sculptures. A 
catalog was privately printed. 

November 19 through December 7, 1961. Twenty-fourth Metropolitan Art Ex- 
hibition, sponsored by the American Art League; consisted of 134 paintings and 
30 sculptures. A catalog was privately printed. 

December 15, 1961, through January 7, 1962. Paintings by George Catlin, 
Artist and Historian of the American Indian; consisted of 115 items including 
90 paintings (recently restored by Henri G. Courtais), 18 colored lithographs, 
7 photographs, and 3 miniatures from the collections of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, together with 2 photographs loaned by the Gilcrease Institute of American 
History and Art. A multilithed catalog was printed. (Thirty-five paintings 
and 12 lithographs from this exhibition were selected for circulation by the 
Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service.) 

December 16, 1961, through January 7, 1962. Americans—A View from the 
East, circulated by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service; consisted of 
42 Japanese woodblock prints. 

January 14 through February 4, 1962. Twenty-fourth National Exhibition of 
the Society of Washington Printmakers; consisted of 165 prints. A catalog was 
privately printed. 

January 14 through February 4, 1962. The Character of Korea, sponsored by 
the Embassy of Korea and circulated by the American-Korean Foundation ; con- 
sisted of 55 photographs by Wallace C. Marley. An illustrated catalog and 
explanatory brochure were privately printed. 

February 11 through March 4, 1962. An exhibition of the Ilke and Jacoby 
Lace Collection from St. Gall, Switzerland, sponsored by the Ambassador of 
Switzerland and circulated by the Swiss Fabric and Embroidery Center, New 
York City. An illustrated brochure was privately printed. 

March 11 through 29, 1962. Sixty-fourth Annual National Exhibition of the 
Washington Water Color Association; consisted of 104 watercolors. A catalog 
was privately printed. 


658366—62——_8 


104 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


March 29 through 31, 1962. An exhibition by Ikebana International, consisting 
of Japanese flower arrangements by Sofu Teshigahara. 

April 8 through 29, 1962. Twenty-first Biennial Art Exhibition sponsored by 
the National League of American Pen Women; consisted of 74 items, including 
paintings, drawings, and graphic arts. A catalog was privately printed. 

April 16 through 29, 1962. The Hidden World of Crystals, circulated by the 
Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service; consisted of 25 microphotographs 
ef drugs and chemicals by Jack Kath of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research 
Laboratories. 

May 6 through 27, 1962. Twenty-ninth Annual Exhibition of the Miniature 
Painters, Sculptors and Gravers Society of Washington, D.C.; consisted of 157 
items. A catalog was privately printed. 

May 5 through 27, 1962. Okinawa—Textiles & Traditions, under the auspices 
of the Cultural Properties Committee of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands 
and circulated by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service; consisted of 
164 items, including scrolls, lacquer, ceramics, toys, inryo and netsuke, and 
textiles (kimonos, tisaji, furoshiki, fabric samples, and bolts). Oriental flower 
displays were arranged daily by members of Ikebana International. 

May 5 through 27, 1962. Birds of Greenland, sponsored by the Ambassador of 
Denmark and Countess Knuth-Winterfeldt and circulated by the Smithsonian 
Traveling Exhibition Service; consisted of 52 watercolors by Gitz-Johansen and 
a book, The Birds of Greenland by Finn Salomonsen, containing reproductions 
of paintings by Gitz-Johansen. A brochure was privately printed. 

June 3 through 21, 1962. Works of Government Artists sponsored by the So- 
ciety of Federal Artists, consisted of 153 items. 

June 8 through 24, 1962. An exhibition of color woodcuts by John Baptist 
Jackson (1701-1780), circulated by the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Serv- 
ice; consisted of 40 woodcuts and a book, John Baptist Jackson: 18th Century 
Master of Color Woodcuts, by Jacob Kainen, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 222. 


Respectfully submitted. 
Tuomas M. Braces, Director. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


| 


Report on the Freer Gallery of Art 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the 42d annual report of the Freer 


| Gallery of Art, for the year ended June 30, 1962. 


Archibald Gibson Wenley, second director of the Freer Gallery of 
Art, died on February 17, 1962. He was born May 5, 1898, in Ann 
Arbor, Mich., and graduated from the University of Michigan in 


1921, and the Library School of the New York Public Library in 


1923. In that same year, Mr. Wenley joined the staff of the Freer 
Gallery as a trainee sinologist, and participated in the archeological 
surveys conducted in China under the joint sponsorship of the 
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Freer Gallery. He studied 
under Freer auspices in Paris for 3 years at the Ecole des Langues 
Orientales Vivantes and the Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises; 
and in Kyoto, Japan, for 2 years. 

Mr. Wenley formally joined the staff of the Freer Gallery in 1931 
as associate in research. He possessed a firm foundation in the lan- 
guages, history, and culture of China and Japan; and, when John 
Eerton Lodge, the first director of the Freer Gallery, died in Decem- 
ber 1942, Mr. Wenley was appointed as director. He served on numer- 
ous committees through the years, including the Smithsonian Art 
Commission; member of the Board of United States Civil Service 
Examiners at Washington, D.C., for the Smithsonian Institution; 
member, the Visiting Committee, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library 
and Collection; research professor of Oriental art, University of 
Michigan; trustee, Textile Museum of the District of Columbia; trus- 
tee, Hermitage Foundation, Norfolk, Va.; chairman of the Louise 
Wallace Hackney Scholarship Committee of the American Oriental 
Society; president, Cosmos Club; and chairman, American Commit- 
tee for the Japanese Government Loan Exhibition, 1953. 

Archibald Wenley was a distinguished scholar and was particularly 
known for his contributions to the study of archaic Chinese bronzes. 
He contributed articles and reviews to many journals, and in 1946, 
in collaboration with Dr. John A. Pope, who now succeeds him as 
director, published A Descriptive and Illustrative Catalogue of 
Chinese Bronzes Acquired during the Administration of John Eller- 
ton Lodge. In 1943 he brought the Freer Fellowship program with 
the University of Michigan into reality and expanded the research 
facilities and publication programs of the Gallery. One result was 
the inauguration of the monograph series Avs Ovientalis, a scholarly 
quarto journal of the arts of Islam and the East published jointly 


105 


106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


by the Smithsonian and the university. Altogether, Mr. Wenley was 
associated with the Gallery for more than 30 years, and his construc- 
tive influence on the progress, growth, and administration of the or- 
ganization will be felt for many years to come. 


THE COLLECTIONS 


Under the terms of paragraph 4 of the first codicil of the last will 
and testament of the late Charles Lang Freer, the following five 
objects were presented by Mrs. Eugene Meyer: 


BRONZE 
61.30. Chinese, Chou dynasty. YJsun; stylized dove; four gold characters on 
erest. Height: 0.265; length: 0.200; width: 0.135. 
61.31. Chinese, Chou dynasty. Yi (or i); snake motif. Height: 0.205; length: 
0.320; width : 0.177. 
61.82. Chinese, Chou dynasty. Hw; inlaid with silver, and malachite. Damaged. 
Height: 0.526; width (with handles): 0.278; width: 0.255. 
61.33. Chinese, Shang dynasty. Kuang; design incorporates many stylized birds 
and animals. No inscription. Height: 0.3814; length: 0.3813; width: 
0.142. 
PAINTING 
61.34. Chinese, Sung (Chin) dynasty, late 12th or early 18th century, by Li 
Shan. “Wind and Snow in the Fir Pines.” Ink and light colors on 
silk; signature, 1 inscription, and 25 seals on painting; label, 5 colo- 
phons, and 50 seals on mount. Makimono (painting): height 0.297; 
width: 0.792; (overall) height: 0.312; width: 10.032. (Illustrated.) 


Twenty-seven objects were added to the collections by purchase as 


follows: 

METALWORK 

62.1. Persian, Sasanian, first half of 6th century A.D. Silver bowl partially gilt, 
showing King Kavadh I hunting ibex and gazelle. Dark purplish gray 
incrustation of silver chloride on silver background; traces of green 
copper corrosion products. Small breaks, with some pieces missing on 
lower left. Height: 0.024; diameter, 0.191. (Illustrated.) 

PAINTING 

62.14. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, 18th century, by Huang Shen (1687—-after 1768). 
Old man gazing at branches of magnolia in a vase. Ink and light red- 
brown color on paper. Inscription and two seals of the artist on the 
painting. Height: 1.020; width: 0.400. 

62.5. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, dated 1706, by Wang Ytian-chi (1642-1715). 
River landscape; in the manner of Huang Kung-wang. Ink and color 
on paper. Inscription and four seals of the artist on the painting, along 
with seven collectors’ seals. Label, with one seal, on the reverse of the 
mounting. Kakemono: height: 0.977; width: 0.592. 

62.4. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, dated 1704, by Wu Li (1632-1718). Landscape: 
“Streams and Mountains after Rain’; in the manner of Huang Kung- 
wang. Ink on paper. Inscription and three seals of the artist on the 
painting, along with three collectors’ seals. Label on reverse of the 
mounting. Kakemono: height: 1.310; width: 0.310. 

62.2. Japanese, Kamakura period, 14th century, Buddhist school. Kako Genzai 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 107 


Ingakyo (Sutra of Cause and Effect). Ink and color on paper; frag- 
ment of a handscroll. Makimono: height: 0.269; width: 0.989. 

62. 3. Japanese, Kamakura period, 14th century, Yamatoe school. Honen Shénin 
Gyo6jo Hzu (Illustrated Deeds of the Priest HoOnen). Ink and color 
on paper; fragment of a handscroll. Makimono: height: 0.406; width: 
0.727. 

62.6— Japanese, Kamakura period, 14th century, Yamatoe school. Three illus- 


- 62.8. trations from: Shotoku Taishi Eden (An Illustrated History of Prince 


Shotoku). “The Archery Contest,” ‘The Flying Tiles,” and “Shotoku 
Taishi on Horseback.” Ink and color on paper; fragments from a 
handseroll. Makimono: height: 0.847; average width: 0.460—0.505. 

62.9. Japanese, Kamakura period, 14th century, Yamatoe school. K6onin Shonin 
Eden (An Illustrated Biography of the Priest Konin). Ink and color on 
paper; fragment from a handscroll. Makimono: height: 0.386; width: 
0.559. 

62.13. Japanese Namboku-cho period, late 14th century, Yamatoe school. Por- 
trait of Prince Shotoku (aged 14) as the Budhisattva Jizo. Ink and 
eolor on silk. Kakemono: height: 1.247; width: 0.689. 

61.23— Japanese, Ashikaga period, Yamatoe school. A pair of illustrations from: 

61.24. Geppoji Kenritsu Engi (History of the Founding of the Geppodji 
Temple). Text by Kinnatsu; dated 1495. Ink, color and gold on paper. 
Makimono: height: 0.845; average width: 10.660—11.377. 

62.19 Japanese, Edo period, Ukiyoe school, by Shorakusai (18th-19th century). 
Theatre scene from “The Tale of the Brothers Soga” ; man and woman in 
snowy landscape. In color on paper. Makimono: height: 0.254; width: 
0.520. 

61.25 Japanese, Edo period, 18th century, Ukiyoe school, by Tsukioka Settei 
(1710-1786). “Woman with a Puppet.” Ink, color and gold on paper. 
Kakemono: height: 0.989; width: 0.269. (1llustrated.) 

62.10— Japanese, Edo period, early, Unkoku school, by Unkoku Tonin (early 17th 

6212. century). A set of three screens; Birds in Landscape. Ink, color and 
gold leaf; fusuma (sliding doors) now mounted as two-fold screens. 
Average: height: 1.605; width: 1.680. 

POTTERY 

61.27. Chinese, T‘ang-Sung dynasty, “gray ware” of yueh type. Tall vase with 
slender neck and wide mouth; loops on shoulder; cover. Clay: hard 
gray porcellaneous stoneware. Glaze: clear. Decoration: none. 
Height: 0.326; diameter: 0.152. 

62.17. Chinese, Ming dynasty, early 16th century. Dish with plain rim. Clay: 
fine white porcelain. Glaze: transparent, glossy. Decoration: dragons 
among lotus scrolls inside and out, painted in underglaze blue. Mark 
of four Mongolian (Phags-pa) characters in blue on base. Height: 
0.047 ; diameter : 0.216. 

62.16. Chinese, Ming dynasty, Chia-ching period (1522-1566). Vase of kuan 
shape. Clay: fine white porcelain. Glaze: transparent, glossy. Deco- 
ration: floral scrolls, and boys playing in a garden, painted in under- 
glaze blue. Six-character Chia-ching mark in blue on base. Height: 
0.267; diameter: 0.320. 

62.20. Japanese, Momoyama period, shino ware. Dish on three feet, so-called 
“eake dish,’ with four-lobed, upturned rim. Clay: coarse buff-gray 
stoneware. Glaze: thick, bubbly, uneven, grayish. Decoration: plum 
blossom sprays in iron brown. Height: 0.055; diameter: 0.169. 


108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


61.26. Japanese, Edo period (1615-1867), imari ware. Jar of kuan shape. 


Clay : white porcelain. Glaze: clear, slightly bluish. Decoration: three | 


plant groups in underglaze blue. Height: 0.237; diameter: 0.220. 

62.15. Japanese, Hdo period (late Genroku), imari ware. Dish with ten-lobed 
rim. Clay: white porcelain. Glaze: transparent. Decoration: paulonia 
and diaper pattern painted in underglaze blue, overglaze enamel colors 
and gold; waves and plum blossoms outside Daikon in blue on base. 
Height : 0.057 ; diameter : 0.348. 

62.18. Japanese, Edo period (late Genroku), imari ware. Jar of globular form, 
with cover and small handle on top. Clay: white porcelain. Glaze: 
transparent. Decoration: floral patterns, roundels, and diaper patterns 
in underglaze blue and overglaze enamels and gold. Daikon in overglaze 
red and gold on base. Height: 0.140; diameter: 0.133. 

61.29 Japanese, Edo period (1615-1867), Kakiemon ware. Deep bowl of decag- 
onal shape with flaring rim and upturned lip. Clay: white porcelain. 
Glaze: clear. Decoration: hydrangeas and phoenixes in overglaze 
enamels; dragon in slip inside; brown riny. Height: 0.101; diameter: 
0.210. 

61.28. Japanese, Edo period (1615-1867), by Kenzan. Teabowl; round with 
smooth surface and finely cut thin foot; signed Kenzan. Box. Clay: 
fairly fine grained brownish buff stoneware. Glaze: clear, finely crackled. 
Decoration: pine trees with blue needles on ground of white slip, on 
one side inside, and on the other outside. Height: 0.066; diameter: 
0.188. Box: height: 0.124; length: 0.161; width: 0.161. 


REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTIONS 


Thirty-two Chinese, Japanese, and Indian objects were restored, 
repaired, or remounted by T. Sugiura, Oriental picture mounter. 
F. A. Haentschke, illustrator, remounted 73 Indian, Persian, and 
Arabic paintings. Repairs and regilding of 16 frames for American 
paintings were done outside the Gallery. 


CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS 


Changes in exhibitions amounted to 528, which were as follows: 


American art: Japanese art: ‘4 
OTITIS pei ar Sa 55 Gold) 35. Ue eee ee 2 
EA nay sft ene eg ca ful Ba cee eo 34 Ta GQuer; sueet2 sels Oe eee 12 
Chinese art: Paintings) 2222 eee 66 
Bronzey 2a eb ee i ee 29 Pottery. ito. see ee 20 
Cloisonnéye 242 eno ee Bebe 1 Seulpture/os) 250 2 eee 3 
MYO Y peace eased lesan Sav 4 | Near Eastern art: 
Pade: sea Wk) SUA ee ee 40 Bookbinding, 2222 5s 5 
TWACGUWeT igs Sea e ee ere 3 Glassyo 28 2 ee eA 6 
Paintings fase) oye a ee 25 SAME) ek tene i tie ER al pe ieee 2 
Potterys se es AG ik Metals 50 Manuscripts) "225s 2e sis 1 
Christian art: Metalwork ~_--_----+__+___ 37 
Gy Stallycces sere asin ae eae 2 Baintings y= 25.82 en eee 20 
GEASS ee ie lee et es BR ey 6 Pottery, fis 28) Wiles Se eae abe 3D 
Eo) Ko Wii Wtesala va BUEN ea tenn rey uae sae 20 
Manuscripts) 222222 - 2s 43 | 
Stone sculpture ________-___ 2 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 109 


LIBRARY 


- 
The library is the research unit for study of the cultures which 
produced the objects in the collections. The reading room is open 


to the public Monday through Friday, and 659 college and university 


students as well as specialists made constant use of the reference 
materials. No statistics are kept of the use made by the staff or the 
Freer Fellows and Hackney Scholars who are studying at the Gallery. 
The need for additional space for both lhbrarians and readers is 
increasing constantly. 

During the year 870 acquisitions (by title) were added to the 
library; 248 of these were by purchase and 622 by exchange and 
gift. Outstanding gifts were: 155 titles of books, which supplied 
many reference books difficult to find, from the library of A. G. Wen- 
ley; 36 rare picture books, the gift of Lincoln Kirstein; a copy of 
Chigoku kinseki toy zukan (Old Chinese art), the gift of T. Asano 
and T. Misugi; a rare woodblock print of an 11-headed Kannon of 
the early Kamakura period (13th century), the gift of R. Hosomi of 
Osaka, Japan. The outstanding purchase was a copy of Chieh tei 
yuan hua chuan (Mustard seed garden painting manual), a Japanese 
recut edition of 1812-17. 

The year’s record of cataloging included a total of 926 entries of 
which 485 analytics were made and 283 new titles of books, pamphlets, 
and microfilms were cataloged. Additions to the continuations of 
sets of books numbered 158, and 4,815 cards were added to the 
catalog. 

The slide collection was transferred to the library in February 1962. 
Mrs. Roberta Handler joined the library staff as slide librarian. New 
equipment for housing the slides was purchased, a manual of pro- 
cedure outlined, and the work of binding, classification, and labeling 
has proceeded. During the year 1,884 slides were bound and labeled, 
and 3,579 were lent. 

There were 202 requests for bibliographic information by telephone 
and letters. Two bibliographies were prepared for publication, and 
a bibliography of the works of each member of the staff. 

Librarians from other museums visited the library for exchange 
of professional knowledge. Mr. Hewson of Gallaudet College, ac- 
companied by his class of 12 library science students, spent some time 
at the Gallery observing library methods. 

The library staff continued active in the professional associations. 
Mrs. Hogenson and Mrs. Handler attended the annual conference 
of the Special Libraries Association in Washington, May 1962. Mrs. 
Usilton attended the American Library Association in Cleveland, 
July 1961, and at Miami Beach, Fla., June 1962. 


110 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


PUBLICATIONS 


No publications were issued by the Freer Gallery during this 
fiscal year. 
Publications of staff members were as follows: 


CAHILL, JAMES F. The art of Southern Sung China—Asia House, 1962. New 
York, Asia Society, 1962. 103 pp., illus. 

“The return of the absent servants: Chou Fang’s Doubdle Sixes re- 

stored.” Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America, vol. 15 (1961), 

pp. 26-28 incl. illus. 

Review of “Chinese pictorial art, as viewed by the connoisseur,” by R. H. 
van Gulik. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 81 (1961), pp. 
448-451. 

ETTINGHAUSEN, RicHARD. Arab painting. Geneva, Skira, 1962. 208 pp. mount. 
illus. (part col.) map. (Treasures of Asia.) 

Review of “Turkish painting,” edited with introduction and notes by 

Emel Esin. Artibus Asiae, vol. 24 (1961), p. 73. 

Persian miniatures in the Bernard Berenson collection. Milano, Officine 
Grafiche Ricordi, 1961. 6 pp., 12 pls., each with descriptive letterpress. 

GETTENS, R. J. “Mineral alteration products on ancient metal objects,’ in Pro- 
ceedings of the IIC Rome Conference, 1961, pp. 171-174. 

“Proposal for a handbook on analysis of materials of paintings,’ in 

Proceedings of the IIC Rome Conference, 1961, pp. 47-50. 

“TIC and ICOM: Conservation meeting in Rome and Barcelona,” in 
Museum News (Washington, D.C.), vol. 40, pp. 36-39. 

Port, JoHn A. Review of “Bronze culture of ancient China,’ by William C. 
White. Ars Orientalis, vol. 4 (1961), pp. 482-440, plate. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY AND SALES DESK 


The photographic laboratory made 11,461 items during the year as 
follows: 8,718 prints, 1,222 negatives, 1,605 color slides, and 76 color 
film sheets. At the sales desk 50,570 items were sold, comprising 
4,496 publications and 46,074 reproductions (including postcards, 
slides, photographs, reproductions in the round, etc.). 


BUILDING AND GROUNDS 


The exterior of the building appears to be sound and in good con- 
dition. Refinishing of the bronze surrounding the court and on the 
exterior of the north door is underway. ‘The roof is scheduled to be 
repaired this summer; also the sidewalk in front of the building is to 
be removed and replaced to conform with the work now being done 
on the 12th Street underpass. 

In the interior, the limestone door frames of the exhibition gal- 
leries are being cleaned. All concrete floors were painted and given 
a protective coat of wax. 

The doors leading from the main office to the library were reworked 
and fitted with glass. 

The sales desk at the north entrance was completely refinished on 
location. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 111 


Three hundred twenty seats were installed in the Auditorium. 

In general, the courtyard planting is doing well. Four small box- 
woods and four azaleas were replaced. ‘Two cotoneasters were replaced 
with Jlea var. globosa. A complete new listing and diagram of all 
plants was made for the Freer Gallery of Art pamphlet. The plant- 
ings at the fountain have been made as usual. Each has made a 
splendid showing in its respective season. Lantana was set out for the 
summer and is beginning to flourish. 


ATTENDANCE 


The Gallery was open to the public from 9 to 4:30 every day except 
Christmas Day. The total number of visitors to come in the main 
entrance was 130,597. The highest monthly attendance was in 
April, 21,929. 

There were 2,589 visitors who came to the Gallery office for various 
purposes—for general information, to submit objects for examina- 
tion, to consult staff members, to take photographs or sketch in the 
galleries, to use the library, to examine objects in storage, etc. 


AUDITORIUM 


The series of illustrated lectures was continued as follows: 


1961 
October 10. Dr. Noel Barnard, Australian National University, Can- 
berra, Australia, “Bronze Casting in Ancient China,” 
Attendance, 145, 
November 7. Dr. Eleanor Consten von Erdberg, Rheinisch-Westphalische 
Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany, “The Japa- 
nese House: A Pattern of Simplicity.’ Attendance, 294. 
1962 
January 16. Prof. Osvald Sirén, Keeper Emeritus of Pictures and 
Sculptures, National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden, “True 
and False in Chinese Sculpture.” Attendance, 255. 
February 13. Prof. Willy Hartner, Johan Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, 
Frankfurt, Germany, “Astrology on Persian Metal 
Work.” Attendance, 206. 
March 18. William Watson, British Museum, London, England, “A 
New Find of Chinese Bronzes with Human Figurines.” 
Attendance, 183. 


April 3. Dr. James C. Harle, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England, 
“The Art and Architecture of South India.” Attendance, 
215. 


Outside organizations used the auditorium as follows: 


The Washington Film Society showed the following films: 
“Ta Retour”? and “Under the Roofs of October 6. Attendance, 150. 
Paris.” 
“Storm over Asia.” October 13. Attendance, 167. 
“Under the Black Mask” and “United Na- October 20. Attendance, 119. 
tions Week.” 


112 


The 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN 


“Berlin, Symphony of a Great City” and 
“Arms and the League.” 

“Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.” 

“Carnival in Flanders.” 

“Vampyr” and “Sunday by the Sea.” 

“Seven Samurai.” 

“Les Mistons,” “Meshes of the Afternoon,” 
and “The Very Hye of Night.” 

“Hl” and “City Lights.” 

“Ten Days that Shook the World.” 

“The Passion of Joan of Arc.” 


“Mother” and “Chess Fever.” 
“Tolerance.” 


“Duck Soup,” ‘Primary,’ and “Musical 
Poster No. One.” 
“Ttalian Straw Hat.” 


“Thunder over Mexico” and ‘Mexican Bus 
Ride.” 
“Variety” and “The Knockout.” 


“The Gold Rush” and ‘Night at the Peking 
Opera.” 
“Eva Wants to Sleep” and “Sunday.” 


INSTITUTION, 1962 


October 27. Attendance, 155. 
Attendance, 154. | 
Attendance, 190. 
Attendance, 158. 
Attendance, 193. — 
Attendance, 122. | 


November 3. 
November 17. 
November 24. 
December 1. 
December 8. 


December 15. Attendance, 112. — 
December 22. Attendance, 170. 
March 22. Attendance, 132. 
March 28. Attendance, 155. 
April 5. Attendance, 137 
April 6. ‘Attendance, 231. 

May 3. Attendance 153. 

May 4. Attendance, 239. 


May 10. Attendance, 106. 
May 11. Attendance, 179. 
May 17. Attendance, 114. 
May 18. Attendance, 208. 
May 24. Attendance, 96. 

May 25. Attendance, 206. 
June 7. Attendance, 91. 

June 8. ‘Attendance, 127. 
June 21. Attendance, 247. 
June 28. Attendance, 214. 


U.S. Department of Agriculture held meetings as follows: 


Marketing Division. 


Outlook Conference. 


4-H Clubs. 
Farmers’ Cooperative Service. 


Federal Extension Service. 


Agricultural Stabilization and Conserva- 
tion Service. 
Foreign Agricultural Service. 


October 16. Attendance, 176. 
October 17. Attendance, 197. 
October 18. Attendance, 117. 
October 19. Attendance, 129. 


November 14. Attendance, 82. 
November 15. Attendance, 447. 
November 16. Attendance, 177. 


December 11. Attendance, 143. 
December 12. Attendance, 144. 
December 13. Attendance, 131. 


December 14. Attendance, 68. 
January 9. Attendance, 185. 
January 10. Attendance, 212. 
January 12. Attendance, 92. 
April4. Attendance, 194. 


April9. Attendance, 260. 


April12. Attendance, 70. 
April 25. Attendance, 117. 
April 26. Attendance, 350. 


April 27. Attendance, 166. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


113 


Mayis. Attendance, 82. 
June6é. Attendance, 91. 
Junei13. Attendance, 94. 
June 20. Attendance, 127. 
June 27. Attendance, 96. 


The Food and Drug Administration held meetings as follows : 


October 18. Attendance, 119. 
November 2. Attendance, 264. 
December 20. Attendance, 91. 
January 17. Attendance, 67. 
March 21. Attendance, 78. 
March 27. Attendance, 66. 
April12. Attendance, 70. 
Mayi16. Attendance, 82. 


The Washington Society, Archeological Institute of America, held illustrated 


lectures as follows: 

Dr. Zakhy Iskander, Department of An- 
tiquities, Cairo, Egypt: ‘“Tutankha- 
mun’s Treasures.” 

Dr. J. O. Brew, Director, Peabody Mu- 
seum, Harvard University: “The 
Drowning Sphinx: Salvage Archeology 
in Advance of Technical Progress in 
Nubia.” 

Japan-America Society, two recitals by Miss 
Miyoko Watanabe, Kabuki dancer, and 
Mr. Kimio Eto, koto player. 

American Chemical Society. 

Washington Society, Archeological Institute 


November 9. Attendance, 198. 


November 30. Attendance, 1438. 


December 2. Attendance, 660. 


February 8. Attendance, 51. 
February 8. Attendance, 221. 


of America. 

Washington Fashion Group, programs by 
Eleni Epstein, fashion editor, Washington 
Star. 


March5. Attendance, 275. 
March 12. Attendance, 243. 
March 19. Attendance, 197. 
March 26. Attendance, 219. 
April2. Attendance, 198. 
Japan-America Society and Washington Film March30. Attendance, 423. 
Society, two showings of Japanese film, 
“Jochuku” and selected short subject. 
Morgan State College, lecture by Dr. Robert 
P. Multhauf, Department of Science and 
Technology, Smithsonian Institution. 


April 27. Attendance, 278. 


Overall total attendance in the auditorium for the year was 13,417. 
STAFF ACTIVITIES 


The work of the staff members was devoted to the study of new 
accessions, of objects contemplated for purchase, and of objects sub- 
mitted for examination, as well as to individual research projects in 
the fields represented by the collection of Chinese, Japanese, Persian, 
Arabic, and Indian materials. Reports, oral and written, and ex- 
clusive of those made by the technical laboratory (listed below), were 
made on 10,893 objects as follows: For private individuals, 3,269; 


114. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


for dealers, 1,785; for other museums, 5,839. In all, 440 photographs 
were examined, and 920 Oriental language inscriptions were trans- 
lated for outside individuals and institutions. By request, 24 groups 
totaling 489 persons met in the exhibition galleries for docent service 
by the staff members. Five groups totaling 20 persons were given 
docent service by staff members in the storage rooms. 

Among the visitors were 61 distinguished foreign scholars or per- 
sons holding official positions in their own countries who came here 
under the auspices of the Department of State to study museum ad- 
ministration and practices in this country. 

During the year the technical laboratory carried on the following 
activities: 

Objects examined by various methods including microscopic, microchemical, 
X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet light, spectrochemical analysis, and specific grayv- 
ity determination: 

Breer objects: examined: 2 i ee a es ee 140 
Outside: objects:examined_ 2) 222222222 22 oe 2 ee ees 113 

The following projects were undertaken by the laboratory during 
the year: 

1. For a period of 2 weeks in October and November 1961, Miss E. West 
worked as a guest of the Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, 
New York University, where she continued ‘the spectrochemical analyses of in- 
scribed Chinese ceremonial bronzes in the Freer collections. 

2. R. J. Gettens continued as editor and Miss West as assistant editor of [JC 
Abstracts published by the International Institute for Conservation of Historic 
and Artistic Works, London, England. 

3. Continued systematic collection of data on technology of ancient copper 
and bronze in the Far East. 

4. Continued analysis by wet chemical methods of Chinese bronzes in the 
Freer collections. 

By invitation the following lectures were given outside the Gallery 
by staff members (illustrated unless otherwise noted) : 


1961 
September 13. Dr. Pope, at the College Art Association, New York City, 
“Collecting Oriental Art in America.” Attendance, 250. 
September 18. Dr. Stern, at the Kunstindustrie Museum, Copenhagen, Den- 
mark, ‘Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” Attend- 
ance, 100. 
September 25. Dr. Cahill, at the Society for Asian Art, San Francisco, 


Calif., “Some Distinctions in Chinese Paintings.” At- 
tendance, 100. 

September 25. Mr. Gettens, at the International Institute for Conservation 
of Historic and Artistic Works, conference in Rome, Italy, 
“Museum Climate.” Attendance, 190. 

September 26. Mr. Gettens, at the International Institute for Conservation 
of Historic and Artistic Works, conference in Rome, 
“Proposal for a Handbook on Painting Material.” At- 
tendance, 190. 


1961 


September 27. 


October 4. 


October 5. 


October 6. 


October 17. 


October 20. 


October 26. 


October 27. 


November 6. 


November 7. 


November 7. 


November 138. 


November 20. 


December 1. 


December 5. 


1962 
January 7, 9. 


January 8, 9. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 115 


Dr. Cahill, at the Oakland Art Museum, Colloquium Orien- 
talogicum. University of California, Oakland, Calif., 
“Some Problems in the Dating and Attribution of Chinese 
Paintings.” Attendance, 35. 

Dr. Stern, at the Ethnographic Museum, Mitinich, Germany, 
“Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 
25. 

Dr. Stern, at Société Suisse Japon, Ztirich, Switzerland, 
“Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 30. 

Dr. Cahill, at the United States Department of Agriculture 
Overseas Club, Washington, D.C., ‘‘Chinese Art.” At- 
tendance, 75. 

Dr. Pope, at the Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, Del., 
“Chinese Porcelains at Home and Abroad.” Attendance, 
240. 

Dr. Stern, at the Musée Guimet, Paris, France, for staff 
members only, “Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” 
Attendance, 5. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 
City, “Chinese Art Treasures.” Attendance, 400. 

Dr. Stern, at the Museum of Asiatic Studies, Amsterdam, 
Holland, “Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” At- 
tendance, 150. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadel- 
phia, Pa., “Some Distinctions in Chinese Paintings.” At- 
tendance, 200. 

Dr. Stern, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 
England, “Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” At- 
tendance, 250. 

Mr. Gettens, at the American Embassy, London, England, 
“Technical Studies of Works of Art.” Attendance, 50. 
Dr. Pope, at the Alexandria Association, Alexandria, Va., 
“Chinese Porcelains at Home and Abroad.” Attendance, 

50. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Center of Mid-Eastern Studies, 
Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass., “Pictorial Arts of 
the Umayyads.” Attendance, 70. 

Dr. Cahill, at the American University (Seminar Group), 
Washington, D.C., “Chinese Painting and the Contem- 
porary West.” Attendance, 30. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Institute of Fine Arts, New 
York University, New York City, “Opportunities for 
Studies and Careers in Near Eastern Art.” (Not illus- 
trated.) Attendance, 30. 


Dr. Pope, at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass., 
“Chinese Art Treasures.” Attendance, each day, 400; 
total 800. 

Dr. Cahill, at Smith College, Northampton, Mass., “Con- 
temporary Relevance of Chinese Painting to the Modern 
West.” Attendance, each day, 750; total, 1,500. 


116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


1962 
January 12. 


January 24. 


February 2. 


February 4. 
February 5. 


February 5. 


February 15. 


February 16. 


March 2. 
March 20. 
March 25. 
March 31. 


April 5. 


April 9. 


April 9, 10. 


April 18. 


May 3. 


May 9. 


May 9. 


May 10. 


Dr. Httinghausen, at International Student House, Wash- 
ington, D.C., ‘Western and Hastern Art: A Comparison.” 
Attendance, 40. 

Dr. Stern, at the Regents’ Meeting, Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, “Research Contrast—Japanese Art in Huropean 
Collections.” Attendance, 26. 

Dr. Stern, at the Norfolk Museum of Art, Norfolk, Va., 
“Popular Painting in Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 
150. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Washington County Museum, Hagers- 
town, Md., “Chinese Art.” Attendance, 150. 

Dr. Pope, at the Norfolk Museum of Art, Norfolk, Va., 
“Oriental Pottery.” Attendance, 100. 

Dr. Cahill gave the first of 16 lectures at American Uni- 
versity, Washington, D.C.; there were 25 students in the 
group. 

Dr. Pope, at the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Il. 
“Chinese Art Treasures.” Attendance, 500. 

Dr. Pope, at The Orientals, Art Institute of Chicago, gave 
a gallery talk and lecture, “Chinese Art Treasures.” To- 
tal attendance, 175. 

Dr. Stern, at the Norton Gallery, Palm Beach, Fla., ‘“Popu- 
lar Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 60. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Cleveland Park Club, Washington, D.C., 
“Chinese Art.” Attendance, 35. 

Dr. Cahill, at Asia House, New York City, “The Art of 
Southern Sung China.” Attendance, 250. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Hajji-Baba Club, New York City, 
“Persian and Mughal Miniatures.” Attendance, 52. 

Dr. Stern, at the American Oriental Society, Harvard Uni- 
versity, Cambridge, Mass., “A Japanese Screen Painting: 
Kamikaze versus Christian.” Attendance, 30. 

Dr. Pope, at the Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C., ‘“Chinese 
Porcelains at Home and Abroad.” Attendance, 175. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the 15th Annual Symposium on Art, 
Sarasota, Fla., “Persian Painting’ and “Persian and In- 
dian Painting.” Attendance, respectively, 325 and 275; 
total, 600. 

Dr. Httinghausen, at the University of Michigan, Depart- 
ment of the History of Art, Ann Arbor, Mich., “Political 
Themes in Harly Muslim Paintings and Mosaics.” At- 
tendance, 100. 

Dr. Stern, at the Japan Society, Asia House, New York 
City, “A Survey of Japanese Art.’ Attendance, 175. 
Dr. Cahill, at the De Young Memorial Museum, San 
Francisco, Calif, “Chinese Art Treasures,’ Attend- 

ance, 400. 

Mr. Gettens, at the Abracadabra Club, Washington, D.C., 
“Minerals in Art.” Attendance, 30. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Asia Society, New York City, 
“Herat School of Painting.” Attendance, 180. 


| 


| 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 117 


1962 
May 11. Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York 
: University, New York City, “Political Themes in Early 
Islamic Paintings and Mosaics.” Attendance, 95. 
May 15. Dr. Cahill, at the De Young Memorial Museum, San 


Francisco, Calif., “Chinese Art Treasures,’ and 
“Chinese Figure, Bird, Flower and Animal Painting.” 
Attendance, each lecture, 400; total, 800. 

May 16. Mr. Gettens, at the U.S. Department of Health, Education, 
and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration, Washing- 
ton, D.C., “Analytical Problems in Archaeology.” At- 
tendance, 82. 

May 16. Dr. Cahill, at a seminar, Stanford University, Stanford, 
Calif., “Connoisseurship of Chinese Painting,’ and lec- 
ture, ‘Chinese Art Treasures.” Attendance, respectively, 
15 and 200; total, 215. 

May 17. Dr. Cahill, at the University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 
“Great Paintings in the Chinese Art Treasures Exhibi- 
tion” and ‘The Contemporary Relevance of Chinese 
Painting.” Attendance, respectively, 250 and 300. 


Members of the staff traveled outside Washington on official busi- 
ness as follows: 


1961 

July 5-8. Dr. Stern, in New York City, examined objects at dealers 
and in museums. 

July 8-10. Dr. Stern, in Boston, Mass., examined objects at dealers 
and in museums. 

July 9-15. Mrs. Usilton, Librarian, in Cleveland, Ohio, attended the 
meetings of the American Library Association. 

July 29. Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
dealers. 

August 25— Dr. Stern, in Europe, examined objects in museums, in pri- 

January 8. vate collections, and at dealers; and consulted with col- 
leagues in various institutions of learning, which in- 
volved travel in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzer- 
land, France, Belgium, Holland, Hngland, Scotland, Italy, 
and Greece. 

September 4-15. Dr. Cahill, in New Haven, Conn., and New York City, 


examined objects at dealers, and in private collections. 
He attended the International Congress of Art His- 
torians at Columbia University, a session of the College 
Art Association, Biltmore Hotel, and a reception of that 
group at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York Univer- 
sity. He also attended the dinner and opening of the 
Chinese Art Treasures Hxhibition at the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art, and saw the exhibition of Peasant and 
Nomad Carpets of Asia at Asia House. 

September 13-15. Dr. Pope, in New York City, attended the dinner and 
opening of the Chinese Art Treasures Exhibition at the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art, and examined objects at 
dealers. 


118 


1961 
September 9— 
November 25. 


October 17-18. 


October 20-25. 


October 23-29. 


October 23-— 


November 3. 


October 30. 
November 7. 


November 15. 


November 15-21. 


November 19. 


December 14-21. 


1962 
January 10-12. 


January 11. 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Mr. Gettens, in Europe, attended meetings of conference 
of the International Institute for Conservation of His- 
torie and Artistic Works, in Rome, Italy; and meetings 
of the International Council of Museums, in Barcelona, 
Spain, where he read a paper, ‘‘Report on the Study of 
Metallic Antiquities.” He traveled extensively in Italy, 
Spain, Greece, Turkey, Switzerland, France, Belgium, 
and England, where he examined antiquities in various 
museums and private collections; visited various arche- 
ological sites, and historical locations and monuments. 

Dr. Pope conducted a seminar on Chinese Trade Porcelains, 
at Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, Del. Attendance, 
87. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, attended the Social 
Science Research Council Conference on Muslim Self and 
Image; he also examined objects at various dealers. 

Dr. Pope, in Boston, examined objects in the Morse Collec- 
tion at the Museum of Fine Arts, and Japanese ceramics 
at the Fogg Art Museum. He also attended a meeting 
of the Committee to Visit Department of Far Hastern 
Civilizations, Harvard University. 

Miss West worked as a guest of the Conservation Center 
of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, carry- 
ing out spectrographic analyses of Chinese bronzes and 
glazes from the Freer collections. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, examined objects at various 
dealers. 

Dr. Pope, in Baltimore, examined objects at the Baltimore 
Museum of Art and at the Walters Art Gallery. 

Miss West, Dr. Cahill, and Mr. Sugiura, in New York City, 
attended a Symposium on “Paper and Textile Supported 
Art Objects.” 

Dr. Httinghausen attended the Annual Conference of 
American Research Center in Egypt, at the Boston 
Museum of Fine Arts, as a trustee. He also examined 
objects at various dealers and in one private collection 
in New York City. 

Dr. Pope, in Philadelphia, appeared as a panelist on the 
University of Pennsylvania TV program, “What in the 
World,” over WCAU-TV. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Paris, France, attended the exhibition 
of “Seven Thousand Years of Iranian Art,” held at the 
Petit Palais; he also examined objects at various 
dealers. 


Dr. Pope, in New York City, examined objects at various 
dealers. 

Dr. Cahill, in Boston, visited the Chinese Art Treasures 
Exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts, where he gave 
several gallery talks, and examined Chinese paintings in 
the permanent collection. 


PLATE 3 


Secretary's Report, 1962 


” by Tsukioka 


1 Puppet 


¢ 


Art. 


Freer Gallery of 


Japanese painting, Edo period, Ukiyoe school; “‘Woman with 
Sette. 


Secretary’s Report, 1962 


PLATE 4 


61.33. Chinese bronze kuang, Shang dynasty. 


Freer Gallery of Art. 


Secretary’s Report, 1962 PLATE 5 


Freer Gallery of Art. 


by Li Shan. 


? 


% 
* 
5 

ene 


Cee 
é 


Sung dynasty 


fe 


ainting, 


Chinese p 


61.34. 


PLATE 6 


Secretary's Report, 1962 


“Vy fo ALOT] PD) Jooly “QV Ainjuao YQ “[Avoq JaaqIs (uelueses) uvISIOg “[°79 


1962 
January 13. 


February 24. 
March 2. 
March 23. 


March 23. 


March 25. 
April 2-4. 
April 6. 


May 3-4. 


May 7-10. 


May 8-18. 


May 15. 


May 25. 


June 1. 


June 1, 2. 


June 4-7. 


June 5-8. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT __ 119 


Dr. Cahill, in New York City, visited the Chinese painting 
exhibition at the Mi Chou Galleries; and examined ob- 
jects for a dealer and in a private collection. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, attended a meeting at the 
American Council of Learned Societies as Chairman of 
ACLS-SSRC Joint Committee on Grants for Research on 
Asia. 

Dr. Stern, in Palm Beach, Fla., examined objects for a num- 
ber of private individuals, and at the Norton Gallery. 

Dr. Stern and Mr. Gettens, in New York City, attended a 
meeting with representatives of New York University and 
Mr. McLane of the Rockefeller Foundation re: plans for 
setting up a course in conservation of art objects. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, met with Mr. Compton of the 
Rockefeller Foundation re: plans for photographing the 
Chinese collections of art objects in Taiwan. 

Dr. Pope, in Baltimore, examined objects at the Baltimore 
Museum of Art. 

Dr. Pope and Dr. Stern, in Boston, attended meetings of 
the American Oriental Society. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, attended a training program 
meeting at the New York Conservation Center. 

Mrs. L. O. West attended the meetings of the Museum 
Sales Association at the Munson-Williams Proctor In- 
stitute, Utica, N.Y., and the Corning Glass Works, Corn- 
ing, N.Y. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, examined objects at various 
dealers. 

Dr. Cahill, in California, was a member of a panel discus- 
sion on a radio broadcast from Station KPFA, Berkeley ; 
was interviewed regarding the Chinese Art Treasures 
Exhibition, Station KPIX—-TV, San Francisco; and made 
tape recordings for future broadcasts, of an interview on 
The Chinese Art Treasures, and the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, Station KCBS, San Francisco. 

Dr. Pope, in Ann Arbor, attended a meeting of the Freer 
Fund Committee at the University of Michigan. 

Dr. Stern and Mr. Sugiura visited the Philadelphia Museum 
of Art, where they examined Far Eastern paintings in 
need of repair. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, attended a conference at the 
Rockefeller Foundation re: his proposed trip to Taiwan. 
Dr. Pope and Dr. Cahill, in New York City, attended a con- 
ference on the Study of Chinese Civilization at the Ameri- 

can Council of Learned Societies. 

Mr. Gettens and Miss H. West, at Williamsburg, Va., at- 
tended meetings of the American Association of Museums, 
and the IIC-American Group, where Miss West served as 
Chairman of the Art Technical Section. 

Dr. Pope, at Williamsburg, Va., attended meetings of the 
American Association of Museums. 


658366—62——9 


120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


1962 
June 14. 


June 14-15. 


June 15. 


June 18-22. 


June 21. 


June 29-30. 


Dr. Pope and Dr. Cahill, at Mt. Kisco, N.Y., visited the home 
of Mrs. Hugene Meyer, where they examined Far Hastern 
objects. 

Dr. Stern, in Philadelphia, visited the collections in the 


Philadelphia Museum of Art and examined objects in a | 


private collection. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, examined objects at various 
dealers. 

Mrs. Bertha Usilton, in Miami, Fla., attended meetings of 
the American Library Association. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
dealers. 


Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, attended a dinner | 
meeting of the Iran Foundation, Inc.; examined objects | 


at one dealer’s, and visited the collections at the Metro- 
politan Museum of Art and the Jewish Museum. 


As in former years, members of the staff undertook a wide variety 
of peripheral duties outside the Gallery, served on committees, held 
honorary posts, and received recognitions. 

Respectfully submitted, 


JoHN A. Popr, Dérector. 


Dr. Leonard CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Air Museum 


Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- 
ties of the National Air Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
1962: 

Staff studies and planning for the new National Air Museum Build- 
ing and exhibit continued, pending the appropriation of planning 
funds. 

All records for visitors in the Air and Space Building were broken 
during the year with a total of 1,986,319. This was more than double 
the count of 987,858 for fiscal year 1961 and reflects the growing 
interest in the historic relics of air and space flight. Although this 
old (1917) building contains but 17,400 square feet and houses less 
than 5 percent of the National Aeronautics and Space Collection, it had 
the third largest visitor count of the Smithsonian museum buildings. 
The largest single day’s count exceeded 31,000. One aircraft had to 
be removed to make room for people! 

The Museum received many historically significant accessions dur- 
ing the year. Here are a few examples: the Air Force-Douglas C-54 
“Sacred Cow,” first Presidential aircraft, and an F-86A North Amer- 
ican Fighter aircraft, from the U.S. Air Force; a Bellanca CF air- 
plane and an Anzani three-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, from 
Mrs. Guiseppi Bellanca; instrumented duplicates of Pioneer IV, 
Lunar Space Probe and the Explorer I, America’s first orbiting satel- 
lite, from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; the General Thomas D. 
White Air Force Space Trophy from Dr. Thomas W. McKnew; As- 
tronaut Alan B. Shepard’s Mercury Spacecraft “Freedom 7,” from 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; a Polaris rocket 
from the U.S. Navy; and the original “Journal des Marches et Op- 
erations” kept by Capt. Georges Thenault, French Commander of 
the Lafayette Escadrille, from Madame Thenault. 

One of the most active and increasing functions of the Museum 
continues to be information service. During the year the Museum 
averaged more than 600 letters per month, furnishing historical, 
technical, and biographical information on air and space flight to 
authors, researchers, schools, Government agencies, students, and the 
public. 

ADVISORY BOARD 


A meeting of the Advisory Board was held on March 21, 1962, with 
all members present. Among the actions taken by the Board were 


121 


122 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


the following: Approval of the appointment of Alfred V. Verville as — 
an honorary fellow of the National Air Museum; approval of the | 
inauguration of a series of publications called “Smithsonian Annals 
of Flight”; and approval of the preliminary floor arrangement and 
interior concept of the proposed new National Air Museum Building, 
planning funds for the building to be included in the 1964 budget. 


SPECIAL EVENTS 


Many distinguished visitors came to the Museum during the year. 
Among these were U.S. Astronauts Shepard, Glenn, and Grissom 
and Soviet Union Cosmonaut Titov. 

Among the special presentation and commemorative ceremonies held 
were: The Polaris rocket, presented by the Honorable Paul B. Fay, 
Jr., Under Secretary of the Navy; “Freedom 7,” presented by the 
Honorable James E. Webb, NASA Administrator; “Sacred Cow,” 
presented by Maj. Gen. Brooke E. Allen, U.S. Air Force; Whittle 
Engine Anniversary Commemoration, with his Excellency Sir David 
Ormsby Gore, British Ambassador; reproduction of the A-1, the 
Navy’s first airplane, by Adm. James S. Russell, U.S. Navy; “Boedy’s 
Album,” a collection of some 12,000 autographed photographs of 
people in aviation, by Kenneth Boedecker ; portrait of Amelia Earhart, 
by Blanche Noyes, Zonta Club of Washington. 

The director attended a number of the annual meetings of aviation, 
aerospace, and educational organizations and societies. He also visited 
a number of Air Force and Navy bases, NASA centers, and major 
contractors of these agencies in the aerospace flight program. He 
spoke frequently on these visits, emphasizing the importance of the 
proper preservation and recording of the space flight history currently 
being made. This has resulted in an increased flow of historical 
material and information to the museum. 

Paul E. Garber, head curator and historian, and Curators Louis S. 
Casey and Kenneth E. Newland represented the Museum at a number 
of aviation and aerospace meetings during the year and spoke on the 
work of the Museum. Mr. Garber delivered 42 lectures. 


IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHIBITS 


Continued experiments with means and methods of display in the 
Air and Space Building provide valuable experience in planning the 
exhibits for the new building. 


REPAIR, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION 


The acquisition of surplus machines, parts, and tools for the pres- 
ervation and restoration division at Silver Hill, Md., has improved 
this facility. Storage, restoration, preservation, and the preparation 
of aircraft and engines for display are full-time activities of the staff. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 123 


ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS 


The Museum continued its service to various Government depart- 
ments during the year. Included were the Federal Aviation Agency, 
NASA, Library of Congress, Department of Justice, U.S. Navy, and 
U.S. Air Force. 


REFERENCE MATERIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


The library, reference files, and photographic files of the Museum 
have been greatly enriched during the year with new materials. These 
are very valuable to staff and visitor researchers in providing informa- 
tion, authenticating historical data. 

The cooperation of the following persons and organizations in pro- 
viding this material is sincerely appreciated and acknowledged : 


AcapEeMy oF AERONAUTICS, INC., Flushing, N.Y.: Six boxes of periodicals. 

AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND Pitots ASsOcIATION, J. B. HARTRANFT, JR., Bethesda, Md.: 
Two cabinets each with 20 drawers for IBM ecard files; 37 of the drawers have 
IBM ecards filed by aircraft registration numbers. 

ALTHIN, Dr. TorsTEN, Stockholm, Sweden: Book titled “Moderna Luftfartyg,” 
in Swedish and published in 1910. 

ARMSTRONG, ROBERT, AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND Pitots Association, Bethesda, Md.: 
AOP’s Yellow Guide to Aircraft Listings. 

ATWELL, Lt. Compr. Rozsert B., USN, Norfolk, Va.: An aeronautical map of the 
United States, Canada, Cuba, and Mexico, made by James T. Igoe Co., copy- 
right 1930. 

AzBE, Victor J., AzBE Corp., St. Louis, Mo.: Original letter written by Major 
Parseval; photograph of Major Parseval. 

BEAIRD, HENRY G., JR., SWISS AMERICAN AVIATION CorpP., St. Gallen, Switzerland : 
Photos of SAAC-23149 scale model; three-view and longitudinal drawings; 
preliminary specifications list. 

BERLINER, Cot. HENRY, Washington, D.C.: Photograph of Emile Berliner, two 
scrapbooks. 

BRAND, HARRISON, JR., AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, Washington, D.C.: 
Three books, “American Heroes of the War in the Air,’ by Howard Mingos 
and inscribed by the author; “The Birth of an Air Industry’; ‘Air Power for 
Peace.” 

BRYANT, Mag. Ropert L., USAF, Director, Arr ForcE Museum, Wright-Patterson 
AFB, Ohio: Approximately 1,500 linear feet of documents on foreign aircraft ; 
photos and drawings on commercial aircraft and others on the theory, history, 
and development of aviation. 

Cocuran, Miss JACQUELINE, Washington, D.C.: A dossier requesting the homolo- 
gation of two world records by Alan B. Shepard in “Freedom 7.” 

CookE, Davip C., Valley Stream, N.Y.: Books, “Racing Planes That Made His- 
tory”; “Flights That Made History”; “Jet and Rocket Planes That Made 
History’—all by David C. Cooke. 

Day, Curtiss L., Elkhart, Ind.: 25 Photographs of early planes and flyers. 
Circa 1910-11. 

Dopp, Mrap & Co. Inc., New York, N.Y.: A book, “Wonders of Flight,” by 
Robert Wells. 

DoomittLe, Lt. GEN. JAMES H., Redondo Beach, Calif.: 36 black and white aerial 
photos, unmounted; 4 mounted black and white aerial photos; 2 mounted 


124 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


color aerial photos; 1 print, “The First Carriage, The Ariel”; 1 drawing, 
“Tut-ankh-amen’s Battleplane’; 1 drawing color, “British Schneider Trophy 
Team, 1929’; 2 sets of photographs of J. H. Doolittle tablecloth, 6 photographs 
to a set. 

Drain, Capt. NicHotas A. USN (Ret.), Ventura, Calif.: Original patent for 
low-drag, metal aircraft rivet joint. 

Drices, IvaAN H., Washington, D.C.: Assorted photographs, Mr. Driggs’ proof copy 
of article written by Mr. Driggs and Mr. Lancaster on “Gas Turbines for 
Aircraft.” Brochure on Luscome Airplane Development Corp., newspaper 
clippings. 

EXnestrum, PAut, Arlington, Va.: Pamphlet, photograph, and clippings ilus- 
trating and describing the Slate all-metal dirigible airship SMD-100, pro- 
posed as a cargo-handling long-range versatile vehicle especially for airlifting 
parts of space vehicles. One large mounted photograph of the Slate airship 
of 1928; one photograph of proposed Slate airship; two copies of article from 
“Aeronautical World” for September 1928 describing Slate airship. 

Evans, A. W., MCDONNELL AIRCRAFT Corp., St. Louis, Mo.: Twelve 11’’ x 14’’ 
color photographs of F4H-1 aircraft. 

FAIRBANK, Murry N., Belmont, Mass.: 5 paintings of early aircraft; 3 photos 
of Burgess airplanes; 4 photos of Harvard-Boston Meet, 1911; 6 Burgess Aero- 
plane brochures; 1 folder containing newspaper clippings and magazine 
articles; 1 folder of transcripts from G. 8. Curtiss diaries and interviews; 
18 blueprints, pencil drawings, and an original tracing of Burgess Navy Hyro- 
aeroplane, Twin Float, March 1919. 

FLIEDNER, C. S., Chevy Chase, Md.: About 14 file cases of books, photographs, 
and other material. 

Frank, May. Gen. W. H., Washington, D.C.: Hight photograph albums, 
historical set of aeronautical photographs, 1906-17. 

FRIEDMAN, MITCHELL, Belleville, N.J.: Cross-section view of a Warner ‘Scarab’ 
engine. General information about the Lambert R-266 air-cooled radial 
engine. General information plus a picture and a drawing of the Wright- 
Hispano 8-cylinder V-type water-cooled engine. The Waco Model “KF” airplane 
booklet. 21 tracings of models A, E, I, and H Hispano-Suiza engines. 

FRITSCHE, CARL B., Alexandria, Va.: Pamphlets, “The Metalclad Airship,” “Some 
Economic Aspects of the Rigid Airship,” all by Carl B. Fritsche; book, “The 
Metalclad Airship ZMC-2.” 

GILLESPIE, GEORGE M., Miami, Fla. : Copy of poem “Prayer Becomes Our Shepard’s 
Rainbow” written by George M. Gillespie. Copy of letter from Commander 
Shepard to Mr. Gillespie. 

GLOVER, GEORGE, Northwood, Mass.: Book, “European Sporting Activities Amster- 
dam-Cologne,”’ by Kiesel & Hulek. 

Gorr, Cot. EH. A., Edgewater, Md.: Book, “First Transcontinental Flight,” by 
Charles 8. Wiggin. 

Gray, Capt. A. A.. USNR, McLean, Va.: Photocopies of following: one certificate, 
attesting to crossing by air of international date line; one photo, 7’’ x 5’’, 
of crew who made first commercial flight to Suva, Fiji Island, photographed 
with Fiji chiefs; one framed photo, 8’’ x 10’’, of the S42 arriving at Diamond 
Head, Hawaii, on first flight, April 7, 1985; one postcard, 51%4’’ x 314”’, Cali- 
fornia Clipper at Cavite, P.I.; one photo, 5’’ x 7’’ Boeing 314 at Honolulu, 
February 1939; one photo 9%4"’ x 7’’, China Clipper leaving San Francisco; 
one framed photo, 8’’ x 10’’, of Capt. Hd Musick. 

HartLow, Max B., Pasadena, Calif.: Brochure and 3-view drawing on the Atlas 
Model H-10 airplane; brochure, photograph, and 3-view drawing of the 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 125 


Harlow PJC-2 airplane; photograph and two 3-view drawings of the Harlow 
PC-5 airplane. 

Hatcu, Denison, Franklin Watts, Inc., New York, N.Y.: Book, “Harly Air 
Pioneers, 1862-1935,” by Maj. James F. Sunderman. 

Henry Forp Museum, Dearborn, Mich.: 8’’ x 10’’ photograph showing left front 
view of Packard diesel-powered Stinson ‘Detroiter’? Model SM-1B. On the 
side of the fuselage are painted the words, “This airplane powered with 
original Packard diesel aircraft engine made world’s first diesel powered 
flight, September 19, 1928.” 

HicHaM, Dr. Rosin, Chapel Hill, N.C.: Book, “Rolls-Royce Dart Aero-Engine 
Maintenance Manual.” 

Hinson, Mr. anp Mrs. Joun A., New York, N.Y.: Insurance policy issued to 
Harry Houdini in 1909 for his aeroplane; photo of aeroplane (Farman). 

Irvin, LESLIE L.: Newspaper clippings, magazine articles, Parachute Manual 
by Engineering Division Air Service. 

JENSEN, VOLMER, Volmer Aircraft, Burbank, Calif.: Three-view drawing of the 
VJ—22 airplane. 

KERLEY, RoBert V., Ethyl Corp., Detroit, Mich.: Book, “History of the Aircraft 
Piston Engine,” by S. D. Heron, subtitle, “A Brief Outline,’ preface by Lt. 
Gen. James H. Doolittle, USAF, published by the Hthyl Corp., Research and 
Development Department. 

Korn, Epwarp A., East Orange, N.J.: Two 8’’ x 10’’ photographs of Mr. Korn. 

LARKINS, WILLIAM T., Concord, Calif.: Book, “U.S. Navy Aircraft 1921-1941,” 
by William T. Larkins. 

Lippincott, Harvey H., Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Conn.: Cross- 
section drawing at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Engine No. 1 Wasp Model A. 
LARSEN, Douetas, A., General®? Dynamics Corp., Washington, D.C.: Book, 

“Dynamic America.” 

Lipkis, Leon G., Los Angeles, Calif.: Book, ‘‘The 541st Bomb Squadron.” 

MAoKENZzIE£, Roy Jay, Cranston, R.I.: Texaco house organ, vol. 24, No. 2, “The 
Texaco Star Aviation Number”; Rhode Island Review, vol. 1, No. 3; 17 avia- 
tion photographs. 

Massin, ALEx, Ontario, Canada: 6 magazines, 21 commemorative envelopes. 

McDonnNeELL, AIRCRAFT Corp., St. Louis, Mo: Three copies of ‘‘Report No. 8422, 
October 9, 1961; Freedom 7, May 5, 1961’’; a 67-page illustrated report of the 
capsule used in the first Mercury manned space flight and the renovations made 
to it prior to its being placed in the National Air Museum; line drawings, col- 
ored charts, picture of “Freedom 7’ on cover, size 117%’’ x 834’’. 

McGowan, JOHN, FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.: Microfilm of Wright 
Brothers material containing a series of laboratory notebooks, data sheets, 
notes on various wind tunnel tests, sketches and original drawings of the 
1908, 1904, 1905, 1907, and 1910 biplanes. 

Means, Dr. J. H., Boston, Mass.: Three books edited by James Means: “The 
Aeronautical Annual 1897,” No. 3; “The Aeronautical Annual 1895,” No. 1; 
“Epitome of the Aeronautical Annual 1910.” 

Meyer, Rosert B., Jr., Potomac, Md.: Nine 5-view drawings by E. F. Schmidt. 

MIKESH, Capt. Rogert C., USAF, Washington, D.C.: One 8’’ x 10’’ photo, one 
4’’ x 5’’ transparency, one sheet of operational history of the C—54 “Sacred 
Cow.” 

Motson, K. M., Nationa AvIATION MusEeuM, Ottawa, Canada: Transcript of the 
clippings from J. A. S. McCurdy scrapbook. 

Moopy, Jay H., Oklahoma City, Okla.: Book, “Aircraft and Hngine Code Book.” 

MorEHOUSE, Harotp B., Williamsport, Pa.: 44 illustrated biographies which 
appeared in various issues of the “American Aviation Historical Society 


126 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Journal’; two copies of biography of his life; one copy of description of the 
Kettering Aerial Torpedo (1917-18) titled “The Dayton-Wright World War 
I ‘Bug’ Story,” and a photograph of himself; eight 3’’ x 4’’ photographs of 
persons connected with the Kettering “Bug” Aerial Torpedo project of World 
War I and one 5’’ x 7’’ photograph of the type of “Bug” constructed during 
the 1930's. 

Movurry, RIicHAarD D., KAMAN AIRCRAFT CorpP., Bloomfield, Conn.: Eleven 8’’ x 
10’’ photographs of Kaman helicopters. 

MOYERMAN, SAMUEL, Philadelphia, Pa.: 15 pilots’ logbooks covering period 1917— 
39. 

NAvy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS LIBRARY, Washington, D.C.: 
83 volumes of aviation books. 

Navy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC CENTER, Washington, D.C.: 
Five 16-mm movie films, MN-1539Z—‘K” Type Airship Take-off Operation; 
MN-15389AA—“K” Type Airship, L.T.A. Landings; MN-2722A—History of 
Balloons; MN-6135—Lighter Than Air Training; MN-6880—The Airship 
Fundamental Principles and Operation. 

NAvy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL PRogEcts, Washington, D.C.: 
Book, “Polaris.” 

Navy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, BUREAU OF WEAPONS, Washington, D.C.: One volume 
entitled “Seaplane and Flying Boats—Line and Test Data for Early Aero- 
nautical Models, 1336 to 2234.” 

NATIONAL AVIATION Museum, Ottawa, Canada: Five 5’’ x 7’’ photographs of 
Curtiss Model L airplane engine of 1910-11. 

PETERSON, JOHN J., NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, Langley 
AFB, Va.: Booklet, “Results of the First U.S. Manned Suborbital Space 
Flight.” 

POBEREZNY, PAUL H., EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT ASSOCIATION, Hales Corners, Wis. : 
A set of Health Parasol drawings, 14 sheets; set of EAA Biplane drawings, 
15 sheets. 

PFEIFER, JOE, Porterville, Calif.: Framed photograph. 

Ramsey, Mrs. DEWITT C., Washington, D.C.: A collection of 149 books from 
Admiral DeWitt C. Ramsey. 

REYNOLDS, Bruce, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Hight 5’’ x 7’’ photographs, two 
314’’ x 6’’ photographs, one 4’’ x 6’’ photographs, 19 8’’ x 10’’ photographs 
from Frank Bryant. 

Rine, Grant A., Unirep ArrorAFT Corp., East Hartford, Conn.: 9 annual reports 
and 3 pieces of literature dealing with company growth. 

ScEARcE, W. R., CapiraL ArRLINES, Washington, D.C.: Airline schedules and 
chronological history of Capital Airlines Service; 17 8’’ x 10’’ photographs; 
book, “Biography of a Pioneer.” 

ScHoENE, ARTHUR L., CHANCE VouGHT CorpP., Dallas, Tex.: 26 8’’ x 10’’ photo- 
graphs of the “V” type Vought aircraft. 

SHAw, W. H., QanrAs AIRLINE, London, England: Research report on Lawrence 
Hargrave, “The Aeronautical Work of Lawrence Hargrave (1850-1915).” 
Scornl, R., CHANCE VoucuHT ArtrcraFt, Dallas, Tex.: 41 8’’ x 10’’ photos; 1 
genealogy chart; 1 Corsair Outline F4U; 1 reprint of the “Flying Pancake” 
from Air Pictorial, February 1959; 1 chronological history of Corsair; 1 
biography of Chance Milton Vought; 1 historical Data Production Airplanes 
made by Chance Vought Aircraft; 1 list of Chance Vought “Firsts”; 1 his- 

torical sketch on F4U ; 1 reprint from Naval Aviation News, March 1957. 

SPEIZMAN, WILLIAM J., Silver Spring, Md.: Book, “Instructions for the Care 

and Operation of Model A-I and E Hispano-Suiza Aeronautical Engines.” 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 127 


Stepror, THoMas H., Estate or, Fontana, Calif.: Two albums; one airmail 
and one Early Birds; one file folder on Early Birds. 

Stits, RAYMOND, Riverside, Calif.: SA-7D “Skycoupe,” 30 sheets, 1 photo; SA- 
3B “Playboy,” 12 sheets, 7 photos; SA-3A “Playboy,” 12 sheets, 6 photos, SA— 
6B, ‘“Flut-R-Bug,” 18 sheets, 5 photos; 7 8’’ x 10’’ photos, 1 general arrange- 
ment of Stits aircraft, Model SA-9A plan. 

Sruper, Mrs. CLara, West Medford, Mass.: A recorded tape, pastel portrait, 
photographs, copies of letters, news clippings, and other texts pertaining to 
Amelia Earhart; two texts relative to airmail history and philately. 

TILLMAN, Ray, Mercury Arrcrarr, INc., Hammondsport, N.Y.: Duplicate and 
copies of Howard Shaver collection of air-mail photographs. 

Truck, Lt. Compr. W. J., SCIENCE MuseuM, London, England: Two sets of 2 
true-to-scale prints of the full-size and half-scale drawings of the W.1.A. 
engine. 

UHL, CHARLES C.: A folder of newspaper clippings on Carl Ben Eielson. 

VERVILLE, ALFRED V., San Diego, Calif.: Blueprint of Curtiss TS-1, one sheet, 
plan view only, scale 114’’ to the foot, made by the Navy Department, Bureau 
of Construction and Repair. 

Von Metster, F. W., Maysacu Moror Co., New York, N.Y.: 13 original photos 
of the LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin. 

WATERMAN, WALDO D., San Diego, Calif.: 1 file folder of biographical and Early 
Bird material: 21 blueprints of Waterman W-4 airplane; 138 original tracings ; 
1 set of erection drawings for JN4D; 19 miscellaneous photos of W—4 airplane ; 
1 wire bracing diagram of JN4D from Payne Field. 

WERTHEIM ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION, New York, N.Y.: Print, black and white, 
814’’ x 11’’, titled “Emanuel Swedenborg,” showing that Swedish philosopher 
seated and holding a quill pen in act of writing. 

Wireman, C. H., Lycomine Division oF AvcO MANUFACTURING CorP., Williams- 
port, Pa.: Test of Diesel Power, Inc., diesel conversion of the Lycoming 
0-290-1 engine (December 1948). 

WricHtT, Dr. THEODORE P., Ithaca, N.Y.: 3-volume set of articles and addresses 
of Dr. Wright. 

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL, Chicago, Ill.: A poster, reprint of biographical article, 
and a copy of “The Zontian,”’ describing the Amelia Earhart scholarships 
established by this organization of executive and professional women. 


ACCESSIONS 


Additions to the National Aeronautical and Space collections re- 
ceived and recorded during the fiscal year 1962 totaled 137 specimens 
in 81 separate accessions, as listed below. Those from Government 
departments are entered as transfers unless otherwise indicated ; others 
were received as gifts or loans. 


Assott, Dr. Ira H., Washington, D.C.: Oil portrait of Dr. Joseph S. Ames. 
(N.A.M. 1294.) 

Artz Force, DEPARTMENT OF THE, BOLLING AIR ForRcE BASE, Washington, D.C.: 
Air Force Douglas C—54 “Sacred Cow,” Presidential aircraft (N.A.M. 1285). 

AtR Force MusrtuM, Dayton, Ohio: Group of six aerial cameras; four 
American, one German, and one Japanese (N.A.M. 1309) ; North American 
F-86A Fighter aircraft (N.A.M. 1296). 

Avco MANUFACTURING CorpP., LyYcoMING Division, Stratford, Conn.: T-53-L-1, 
Shaft-turbine helicopter engine. (N.A.M. 1326.) 


128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Beecu Arrcrart Corp., Wichita, Kans.: Models of the Beech 65 and L—23D air- 
eraft. (N.A.M. 1265.) 

BELLANCA, Mrs. GIusEPPI, Galena, Md.: Bellanca CF airplane and an Anzani 
8-cylinder aircooled radial engine. (N.A.M. 1259.) 

BLODGETT, CHARLES L.: Sample of RPI rocket fuel taken from Thor missile 
just before launch of first Pioneer space probe. (N.A.M. 1295.) 

Boyp, G. N., Brielle, N.J.: A 6-cylinder 1911 Kirkham aircraft engine which was 
used to fly at least 5 different airplanes in 1911 and 1912. (N.A.M. 1282.) 
BURNELLI, V. J., Washington, D.C.: Wind-tunnel model of Burnelli Loadmaster, 

1:12 size. (N.A.M. 1312.) 

Capy, Dr. Grorer, Seattle, Wash.: Tube of helium from Navy’s first helium- 
filled airship and one tube of gas from well in Kansas where helium was dis- 
covered in 1905. (N.A.M. 1311.) 

CHENNAULT, Mrs. CLAIRE, Washington, D.C.: Oil portrait of Gen. Claire Chen- 
nault painted by Y. T. Lin of Taipei, Taiwan. (N.A.M. 1297.) 

Corryn, Mrs. Frank T., Palo Alto, Calif.: Pilot’s license No. 26 issued by 
Aero Club of America to Frank T. Coffyn and Helicopter certificate No. 3. 
(N.A.M. 1329.) 

CoLr, Marcu G., Merrimac, Mass.: Stock certificates and circulars issued by 
Aerial Navigation Co. in 1851. (N.A.M. 1269.) 

CRAUN, BERNARD, Arlington, Va.: Radio receiving set for use in aircraft during 
WW-I, complete with leather helmet and built-in headset. (N.A.M. 13817.) 

CRELLY, Mr. AND Mrs. H. J., College Park, Md.: Two Wright airplane wheels, 
one Paragon propeller, and one book of airmail covers—all associated with the 
donor’s personal acquaintance with early aviation history at the College Park 
airfield. (N.A.M. 1806.) 

Custer, W. R., Hagerstown, Md.: Prototype of the Custer Channel-wing aircraft. 
(N.A.M. 1261.) 

Drices, Mrs. Ivan, Washington, D.C.: Model of Driggs Dart and computer. 
(N.A.M. 1828.) 

DITTENBERGER, RicHARD, Parma, Ohio: Model of the Lockheed U-2 Recon- 
naissance aircraft. (N.A.M. 1293.) 

Harty Birps, THE, Fairfield, Conn.: Bronze plaque commemorating Glenn 
Curtiss first solo (N.A.M. 138383) ; bronze plaque containing the names of all 
members, past and present, of the donating organization (N.A.M. 1322). 

Ecxer, HerMAn A., Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: Curtiss-type flying boat built and 
flown by donor. (N.A.M. 1313.) 

Fiurpi, Bernarp P., Baltimore, Md.: Pastel portrait of Charles A. Lindbergh 
painted in 1956 by Rosemary Mahoney. (N.A.M. 1302.) 

FLAMMER, Capt. Puiuipe M., Colorado Springs, Colo.: Helmet which was taken 
from dead body of Raoul Lufbery after his tragic death in combat in WW-I. 
(N.A.M. 1267.) 

FLEET, MAJ. REUBEN H., San Diego, Calif.: Scale model of Consolidated NY-2 
as flown by James Doolittle in his famous “under the hood” blind flight, Sept. 
29, 1929. (N.A.M. 1807.) 

FRANKEL, ARTHUR G., Little Rock, Ark.: Letter and envelope sent to donor on 
first air mail, May 15,1918. (N.A.M. 1820.) 

GAFFNEY, JAMES F., Cleveland, Ohio: Scale model of the Japanese Army “Nick,” 
Kawasaki two-place twin-engined long-range day and night fighter, used in 
WW-II. (N.A.M. 13382.) 

GENERAL DyNAmMics Corp., Washington, D.C.: One scale model of a Convair 
Atlas-H satellite launching vehicle. (N.A.M. 1330.) 

GENERAL Motors, AtLIson Division, Indianapolis, Ind.: Cutaway specimen of 
the Allison 501 Turboprop engine mounted for display (N.A.M. 1303) ; Oxps- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 129 


MOBILE Division, Lansing, Mich.: Rotor assembly for the J 65-B-3 Sap- 
phire turbojet engine. (N.A.M. 1283.) 

GueIcK, J. T., Morton Grove, Ill.: Stabilizer brace wire fitting whose failure 
caused termination of world endurance flight of Jackson and O’Brine in 1929. 
(N.A.M. 1324.) 

GROENHOFF, Hans, Miami Beach, Fla.: Purchase of photo negative collection. 
(N.A.M. 1800.) 

GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT Co., Bethpage, N.Y.: Models of Grumman Aircraft F—11-F, 
WE-2, and S2F-1. (N.A.M. 1816.) 

HaARLANDER, A. C., Oakland, Calif.: WW-I memorabilia including navigation 
chart, fur-lined goggles, carrier pigeon message capsule, Very signal pistol, and 
two rolls of aerial gunnery film. (N.A.M. 1281.) 

Hartwick, Hrersert D., La Crescenta, Calif.: Model of Ford 4AT-B Trimotor 
(purchase). (N.A.M. 1315.) 

HAYWARD, JOHN B., Washington, D.C.: Original letter written by Orville 
Wright to Otto T. Mallery, Nov. 9, 1933. (N.A.M. 1289.) 

Hein, ARNOLD: Skeletonized model of the Fokker D VII World War I single 
seat fighter. (N.A.M. 1292.) 

Hi, C. R., Grafton, Ohio: Carburetor for Curtis OX-5 engine. (N.A.M. 1286.) 

Hock, CuHarites F., Allentown, Pa.: Falcon propeller used on early Navy 
trainers. (N.A.M. 1304.) 

JAcoss, Mrs. RutH A., Dayton, Ohio: Early 4-cylinder Wright Brothers en- 
gine. (N.A.M. 1278.) 

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY, Pasadena, Calif.: Instrument duplicates of the 
Pioneer IV, Lunar Space Probe, and the Explorer I, America’s first satellite 
(N.A.M. 1262) ; fully instrumented flight-spares of the satellite Explorer I. 
(N.A.M. 1271.) 

Kerwoop, Cot. CHARLES, Washington, D.C.: Trophy of the Ligue Internationale 
des Aviateurs, founded in 1926 by Col. Clifford Burke Harmon, pioneer Ameri- 
can balloonist and aviator. (N.A.M. 1287.) 

Marr, Capt. Girren A., Fort Leonard Wood, Mo.: Three flight instruments re- 
covered from the B—24 Bomber “‘Lady Be Good” after 16 years. (N.A.M. 1270.) 

MArtTINnN-Marietta Corp., Baltimore, Md.: Models of Martin aircraft and experi- 
mental projected aircraft of the Martin Co. (N.A.M. 1299.) 

McKnew, Dr. THomAS W., Washington, D.C.: The General Thomas D. White 
Air Force Space Trophy. (N.A.M. 1280.) 

Meyer, Corp, New York, N.Y.: Portion of side fuselage fabric from the DH-4, 
the first American-built DH to see combat in WW-I. (N.A.M. 1284.) 

Moorr, Mag. Grorrrey, Bath, England: WW-I Anti-zeppelin exposive dart. 
(N.A.M. 1274.) 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, Washington, D.C.: “Free- 
dom 7” Mercury Spacecraft which carried Alan Shepard on U.S. First Space 
Flight and an astronaut space suit. (N.A.M. 1264.) 

Nasu, Miss Carotyn, Washington, D.C.: Fragment of a parachute reported to 
be associated with the 1925 expedition of Roald Amundsen and his compan- 
ions who endeavored to fly to the North Pole in two Dornier flying boats, 
departing Spitzbergen May 21,1925. (N.A.M. 1334.) 

NATIONAL HistorrcAL WAx MusruM, Washington, D.C.: Plastic display head 
of Comdr. Alan B. Shepard made to fit into the Space Helmet and Suit to be 
displayed with the ‘‘Freedom 7’ Mercury Capsule. (N.A.M. 1266.) 

NAvy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, Washington, D.C.: Polaris, the Nation’s first large 
solid propellant ballistic missile, and the first designed to be fired by ships 
at sea. (N.A.M. 1260.) Navan AcADEMy, Annapolis, Md.: Hngine from 


130 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Japanese Ota kamikaze attack plane. (N.A.M. 1277.) NavaL RESEARCH 
LABORATORY, Washington, D.C.: 16-mm. movie camera which took pictures of 
the earth from 100 miles altitude in 1954; also a copy of the film and a mosaic 
picture, using 180 frames from the film. (N.A.M. 1276.) BUREAU OF WEAPONS, 
Washington, D.C.: Full-size replica of Curtiss A-1, the Navy’s first aircraft 
(N.A.M. 1275) ; Mitsubishi Airplane, AGM5 “Zero” (N.A.M. 1305.) U.S. MARInEe 
Corps, Quantico, Va.: Ordnance materiel for installation on Museum speci- 
mens. (N.A.M. 1263.) 

NEUMANN, CHARLES L., Tulsa, Okla.: A complete Mark I Sperry Automatic 
Direction Finder unit, one of the first to be used by the airlines in the 1930’s. 
(N.A.M. 1298.) 

NEvIN, Rosert §., Denver, Colo.: Scale model of the Curtiss twin-tractor flying 
boat of 1912 (purchase). (N.A.M. 1201.) 

Parsons, REAR ADM. EDWIN C., Osprey, Fla.: Fragment of first American flag 
to be flown over German lines on day America entered WW-I. (N.A.M. 1278.) 

PIONIERI DELL ’AERONAUTICA, Rome, Italy: Life-size bronze busts of the pioneer 
Italian flyers Mario Calderara and Umberto Savoia. (N.A.M. 1321.) 

PoPpuLAR MECHANICS MAGAZINE, CLIFFORD Hicks, EprtTor, Chicago, Ill.: 12 water- 
color paintings by Korta, of the “Twelve Most Significant Aircraft of All Time.” 
(N.A.M. 1327.) 

Proctor, ELBERT W., Takoma Park, Md.: Pilot’s flight gear used by donor as a 
pilot for National Air Transport in late 1920’s. (N.A.M. 1255.) 

RANDALL, W. D., Jr., Orlando, Fla.: Duplicate of hand-wrought knife carried in 
“Wreedom 7’ Mercury spacecraft on its famous flight. (N.A.M. 1254.) 

ROCKWELL, Cou. Paut A., Asheville, N.C.: French uniform worn by the donor’s 
brother, Kiffin Rockwell, as a pilot in the WW-I Lafayette Hscadrille, together 
with copies of the eight medals awarded to the deceased. (N.A.M. 1323.) 

ScaLeE Crart Mopets, Massillon, Ohio: Model of a Curtiss HS2L Flying Boat, 
WW-I, U.S. Navy patrol craft (purchase). (N.A.M. 1310.) 

Simpson, Cot. Donatp P., Teheran, Iran: German WW-II Navigation Kit. 
(N.A.M. 1279.) 

Srx, Ropert F., Denver, Colo.: Original watercolor painting entitled “Beech 
Aircraft in Flight,” by Alfred Owles. (N.A.M. 1818.) 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D.C.: Original letter written by Wilbur 
Wright to the Smithsonian on May 30, 1899, requesting available information 
on flight (N.A.M. 1801); flag taken from L—49 German Zeppelin and frag- 
ments of outer and inner bag of craft (N.A.M. 1268). 

SouBIRAN, Mrs. Ropert, Washington, D.C.: Memorabilia of donor’s husband’s 
service in the Lafayette Escadrille. (N.A.M. 1256.) 

Stemp, Mr. AND Mrs. Ronatp F., Annapolis, Md.: Wooden aircraft propeller of 
the middle 1920’s presented to donor by Col. A. A. Anderson, a partner in the 
Bellanea Airplane Co. (N.A.M. 1308.) 

SWEDENBORG FOUNDATION, INc., New York, N.Y.: A scale model of the concept 
of an aircraft by Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher, engineer, and 
theologian who conceived this aircraft about 1714. (N.A.M. 1290.) 

THENAULT, Mme. Grorces, Paris, France: Two-volume diaries “Journal des 
Marches et Operations” kept by Capt. Georges Thenault, the French Com- 
mander of the Lafayette Escadrille. (N.A.M. 1272.) 

Tracy, DANIEL, Lakewood, Ohio: Model of Curtiss R-1 Pulitzer Prize winner of 
1921 aircraft (purchase) (N.A.M. 1257) ; scale model of the French Nieuport- 
Delage—29 airplane, the final winner of the James Gordon Bennett Trophy, 
1920 (purchase) (N.A.M. 1331). 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 131 


| UNITED AIRCRAFT Corp., Hartford, Conn.: The Igor Sikorsky International 
| Trophy awarded for outstanding achievement in the helicopter field (N.A.M. 
| 1325). Pratt & WHITNEY Division: Two-throw crankshaft for Pratt & Whit- 
ney R—2800 engine (N.A.M. 1258). 
UNITED AIRLINES, Chicago, Ill.: Models of Douglas DC-6, DC-—7 and Boeing 
Stratocruiser 277. (N.A.M. 1314.) 
Weems, Carr. P. B. H., Annapolis, Md.: A Japanese cargo WW-II parachute. 
(N.A.M. 1288.) 
ZONTA CLUB OF WASHINGTON, Washington, D.C.: Oil painting of Amelia Harhart 
by Arthur Laronda. (N.A.M. 1319.) 


Respectfully submitted. 
Puitie S. Hopkins, Director. 


Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Zoological Park 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- 
ties of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ended June 30, 


1962: 
BIRTHS 


The major zoological event at the National Zoological Park during 
the past year was the birth of a male lowland gorilla on September 9, 
1961. The parents, Nikumba and Moka, were brought from French 
Equatorial Africa (now Congo) by the Arundel Expedition in Feb- 
ruary 1955; at that time their age was estimated to be 18 months for 
the male and 20 months for the female. During the last weeks of the 
9-month pregnancy an hourly check was made on the gorilla cage, but 
the actual birth was not observed. ‘The baby was discovered by a night 
keeper at 6:58 a.m. As Moka showed no maternal interest in her 
infant, it was removed from the cage and taken to the home of Bernard 
Gallagher, supervisory keeper of great apes, where Mrs. Gallagher 
reared it along with a 5-month-old chimpanzee. On April 24, after 
more than 7 months with the Gallaghers, Tomoka and his chimpanzee 
companion, Lulu, were brought to the Zoo and put on exhibition 
April 24. 

Radio Station WAVA, Arlington, Va., owned by Arthur Arundel, 
who had originally escorted Nikumba and Moka from Brazzaville to 
Washington, held a contest to select a name for the baby, and the nam- 
ing ceremony was broadcast on April 24. 

Tomoka is the second gorilla born in captivity in the United States 
and the fourth bred, born, and raised in captivity in the world. Com- 
paring the development of this gorilla with the statistics available of 
those born elsewhere (Columbus, Ohio, and Basel, Switzerland), the 
most outstanding difference appears to be the early date at which 
upper and lower incisors erupted. In Goma, the female gorilla reared 
in the home by Dr. Lang in Basel, under similar conditions to ours, the 
first breakthrough of the incisors was observed at the age of 2 months, 
and at the age of 6 months four lower and two upper incisors were 
reported. As indicated in the accompanying table, Tomoka’s lower 
median left incisor broke through on October 3, 25 days after birth, 
and the lower median right on October 5, 27 days after birth. Both 
median upper incisors were showing 35 days after birth, and at the 
end of 66 days all eight incisors had erupted. 


132 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 133 


| ERUPTION OF DECIDUOUS TEETH 
[in days] 
Average 
chimpanzee*____-- 3808 126 P22 tt Macilla 
_ Average human*___- 839 486 316 277 
Becomasse 25 2220 68| 74 
Momokae io 4.2.22- 175 111 Ole S51) 755, Gil MLL abedss 
mM, PM, pm; C iy iy | i) ip CGC pm, Pm, Mm 
momokae sno. 2-2 183 145 68 25), 27 79 141 183 
Comaeeraa- 28 o- 5 90 60) 59 90 
Average human*___- 787 492 395 222 
Average 
chimpanzee*_____- 247 150 124 95 Mandibula 


*Ref: E. Boyd, L. B. Higley, E. H. Hixon, V. O. Hurme, M. Massler, H. V. Meredith, A. H. Riesen, 
A. H. Schultz (Zurich). 


Tomoka’s weight curve appears to ascend a little more rapidly than 
that of Goma, while Tomoka’s growth curve levels off at an earlier 
date than Goma’s. 

Except for an early rhinal and bronchial cold and occasional diar- 
rheas, mostly during dentition periods, no major upsets occurred in 
Tomoka’s early life, and the baby at present gives all indications of 
being sound, healthy, and both mentally and physically well developed. 
Special mention should be made of the ceaseless effort of Mrs. Louise 
Gallagher, who proved to be an extremely reliable, conscientious, and 
dedicated foster mother. 

Among other important births at the Zoo was that of an F2 Dorcas 
gazelle fawn, as well as a male fawn from the mother originally 
donated by President Bourguiba of Tunisia in 1960, bringing the num- 
ber of this little herd up to five. 

The birth of a male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) on April 21, 
1962, appears to be the first in this country since 1914 when the Phila- 
delphia Zoo recorded a Lemur catta born, but did not note whether it 
was bred in captivity. 

For the first time in this Zoo, lesser pandas were born—twins, a male 
and a female, on June 20. They were approximately 4 inches long, 
weighed about 4 ounces, and were nursed by the mother. 

The Australian kookaburra laid a total of six eggs in two clutches, 
and five young were successfully raised. 

The exchange of the old black swan cob for a new one resulted in 
two clutches of eggs, four and six, respectively. Out of the first, one 
cygnet was hatched in the incubator, while in the second clutch all six 
cygnets were hatched and brooded by the mother. 

Following the procedure of previous years, all births and hatchings 
are listed below, whether or not the young were successfully raised. 


134 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Average human weight 


seoceeeeee Weight of Tomoka 


Growth of Tomoka 


=emomem Weight of Goma (Basel) 


YN WOW Baa N © 0 6 


Ficure 1.—Growth and weight graph of Tomoka compared with the average human 
weight and the weight of Goma. 


In many instances the record of animals having bred in captivity is of 
importance. 


MAMMALS 

Common name Scientific name Number 
Australian sugar glider_______________. Petaurus breviceps_______------ 1 
Rat kan caroou es wae semen oe Oe MENU ‘Potorous sp. 222 2 ee eee 2 
European hedgehog_________________ Hrinaceus europaeus__________- 4 
Ring-tailed lemur22220 8 Sa ee Hemurnceites oe eee 1 
Galagoss Nase ie kere Un sie aaa aie Galago crassicaudatus__________ 1 
BLOWN Cap UChin se sce su win seins Cebus: spi ss Se a 1 
Black spider monkey__________________ Ateles: geo/(1roy. eee 1 
Black spider monkey__________________ Ateles fusciceps_.__.______-______ al 
JeAeadahy wae pense ee Cebuella pygmaea______________ 1 
Hybrid macaque._2 2-2 ae ee Macaca philippinensis X WM. 1 

irus. 

BarbaTryape sess cote core ees Macaca sylwanus____---------_- 3 


*Stillborn. 


Secretary's Report, 1962 ° PEATE 7 


Tomoka, male lowland gorilla, when 4 days old. National Zoological Park. 


° 


Secretary's Report, 1962 PLATE 8 


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‘Tomoka at 11 months, playing in his cage. National Zoological Park. 
Photograph by T. W. Roth. 


Secretary’s Report, 1962 PLATE 9 


Photograph by T. W. Roth. 


2. Baby Lemur catta, bred and born in the National Zoological Park, with its mother 
Photograph by T. W. Roth. 


Secretary's Report, 1962 


PLATE 10 


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SECRETARY’S REPORT 


135 


Common name Scientific name Number 
Noobyamangab cys ees eae eee Cercocebus fuliginosus__________ 1 
Ey brid) sibbonss 22.) Sere ee Hylobates agilis x HH. lar 1 

pileatus. 
@himpanzee =a en NS eee PON SUtyfU se I Bilt 
mowland’corillas =. 92 Sisk ee ee GOP HAAL. ODPM So a 1 
TMwio-toed sloth=-2 2225.2 50s oe eee Choloepus didactylus___________ 1 
AT UbTsI C= ClO Serer ees a As Cynomys ludovicianus____-_---- 5 
Ratazonian Cavyi. 222 a ee Dolichotis patagona_____-______ 2 
MIM DeLAW.O lia Canis lupus nubilus____________ ey] 
Capehuntinge dogs 2 2 Ss ee Eyeaon pictus. ae 4 
ESCO TS EATNIB TS aT ae a ae Selenarctos thibetanus ussuricus_ 1 
Huropean brown bear______---________. CU SUSHOClO SS aan ee ee 2 
Ey DEICbeary 2 sew ee ae a Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus *2 
middendorffi. 
Grizzly Cannes es ee eS eee Ursus honnbilis.- === sess *7 
WeSSermpang ees ee AQUOS FRG Se 2D, 
Neumann’s genet___________________-_ Genetta genetta newmannti_____ 2 
Formosan spotted civet_______________ Viverricula indica __— == alt 
African water civet__________________ Atilag paludinosus________-_____ 2 
Blackleopardl a 20 0 See Panthera pardus___-__-_--_____ allt 
PAvir CA meM MT OM aie wkd a a se ZO UROGR. UG 4 
Grantisazebra se 2 es Hquus burchelli boehmi_________ 2, 
Collanedtpeccarya. 2] oe see ee IPOCTE VON OSs 3 
Nile hippopotamus___________________ Hippopotamus amphibius_______ 1 
JOE TONGS, 2S So ats eg le LOCH OOD ORK OPS 2 
White fallow deer____________________ dX GRAD ACK LOCC fs ES DS Os Se 1 
PAGS) CCI ae eee es ce a a ADSI D1 Sites: AoA E a eben 3 
FUG CC Ce Tomer eae se Dee SAR a a OGROUS QUAD OIG 1 
TE et i Le NS Cervus canadensis__________-____ 1 
Silk avd ee rmtetes eee ee ee Cervus nippon_____--___________ 6 
Virciniay deer 2a oa i ee ed Odocoileus virginianus____-_____ 2 
RCT Ce Tepe eee Rangifer tarandus_____-- 2 
Worecasygazelleses ee we Gazellandorcds= 2 eee 2 
Ls\CORDGUR YG | So eS 5 Pa Oe Ammotragus lervia_____-_-_-_-_- *7 
Big-horned sheep_____________________ Ovis canadensis________________ 1 
BIRDS 
Ea CkgiS wat aes ee se een eae le eth Chenopis atrata________________ a 
NViOOGWduCK ess nol CANUTE SD ONES Cae ares tak ea acl fe v5) 
Miallardindiekes bon wow Ba Anas platyrhynchos____________ 25 
Mandariniiduck2 22s tne oe en Dendronessa galericulata______- al 
Red Tjunelefowle ees ea ie COUIS (KUMI ee 1 
VERDE ON Yb ct Ge ZC UOCTUSECU US a ae eee 4 
Indian emerald-winged tree dove______ Chalcophaps indica______-______ 1 
Leadbeater’s cockatoo________________ Kakotoe leadbeatert____________ 1 
Grassmpanakee tas. 2 ie ee Melonsittacus undulata_________ 2; 
Kookaburra. ste 2 i IDUCHO, GGG ee 6 
REPTILES 
I OXMCWE Hae es ees ee Terrapene carolina_____________ al 
Rainted sturtles scion Chrysemys picta___________-____ 4 
Red-lined turtle_____._____-___________ Pseudemys scripta callirostris___ 2 


658366—62——10 


136 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Common name Scientific name Number 
Yellow-bellied turtle_________________ Pseudemys scripta scripta______- 5 
Red-eared turtle___._._________________ Pseudemys scripta elegans_____- 4 
Red-bellied turtle____________________ Pseudemys rubriventris_________ 2 
Cook's; tree ‘boasc 2222 UN ee Boa enydris cooki______________ 18 
Eastern garter snake_________________ Thamnophis sirtalis____________ 30 
Eastern ribbon snake_________________ Thamnophis sauritus_____-_____ 6 
Blake ra Gere 0a iS an a alee ae Coluber constrictor_______-____-_ 24 
Corn isnakes 22a Rees Done ean Sie Elaphe obsoleta guttata________ 6 
Northern copperhead_________________ Ancistrodon contortrig__________ 8 
Western diamondback rattlesnake_____ Crotalus (atro722 ee 7 

FISHES 
Egyptian mouthbreeder_______________ Haplochromis multicolor________ 30 
GIFTS 


Gifts from foreign dignitaries again enriched the National collec- 
tion. President William V. 8S. Tubman of Liberia, making an official 
visit to Washington, spent 2 hours in the Zoo on September 13 and 
presented a leopard. President Ibrahim Abboud of Sudan came to 
the Zoo on October 5 and donated four demoiselle cranes and two 
migratory cranes, which were welcome additions to the collection. 

“Ambika,” the Indian elephant which was a gift from the “Share 
Your Birthday Foundation” and the Maharajah of Mysore, came to 
the Zoo on deposit April 14, 1961. After touring the country and 
making appearances at schools and playgrounds, she was formally 
presented to the Zoo on January 5, 1962. A. K. Ray, first secretary 
of the Indian Embassy, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 
and Mrs. Ira J. Heller, president of the Share Your Birthday Foun- 
dation, were all present at the ceremony. 

In return for a pygmy hippopotamus, given last year by President 
Tubman of Liberia, the National Zoological Park sent a trio of Amer- 
ican bison to the zoo in Monrovia. The shipment was accompanied 
by Charles Thomas, senior keeper. 

Dr. R. E. Kountz sent a valuable collection of reptiles (listed below), 
and J. E. Joy, who has sent interesting specimens in the past, gave 
his entire collection of western reptiles. 

Space does not permit listing all gifts received in the course of the 
year, but the following are of special interest: 

Brown, Comdr. L. L., Takoma Park, Md., hill mynah. 
Browne, Mrs. Elwyn, Seat Pleasant, Md., kinkajou. 
Cline, Martin J., Bethesda, Md., 4 alligators. 

DePrato, Mario, Kensington, Md., coral snake, sand boa. 
Eccard, Elliott, Bethesda, Md., Petz’s parakeet. 

Evans, Wallace L., Richmond, Va., boa constrictor. 


Fish and Wildlife Service: through Dr. A. S. Mosby, Blacksburg, Va., broad- 
winged hawk; Cambridge, Md., 2 whistling swans; through Dr. Gordon Clark, 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 137 


Chincoteague, Va., 4 snowy egrets, 4 little blue herons, herring gull, 4 common 
terns, 14 American egrets, 6 laughing gulls, 5 Louisiana herons, 6 skimmers, 
4 ospreys, 2 eastern green herons; Wildlife Refuge, Patuxent, Md., 2 ovenbirds, 
2 Acadian flycatchers, red-eyed vireo, 3 cardinals, 20 wood thrushes, 5 scarlet 
tanagers, 2 Kentucky warblers, redstart; through R. Halstead, Washington, 
N.C., 3 pintail ducks, 3 black ducks, 4 mallard ducks, 6 wood ducks, green- 
winged teal, 3 whistling swans. 

Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., 3 pygmy goats. 

French Creek Game Farm, French Creek, W. Va., 2 American black bears, 2 
southern fox squirrels, 8 timber rattlesnakes. 

Hoffman, Charles R., Washington, D.C., American bittern. 

Holmes, Mrs. Dorothy, Arlington, Va., Petz’s parakeet. 

Hood, Capt. G. H., U.S.S. Hermitage, African ball python, Nile crocodile. 

Hower, Lt. S. H., Washington, D.C., mute swan. 

Johnson, Alex R., San José, Costa Rica, ocelot. 

Jones, Thomas R., Arlington, Va., 3 timber rattlesnakes. 

Joy, J. E., San Angelo, Tex., 3 crevice spiny lizards, 2 flat-headed snakes, western 
hog-nosed snake, 2 rough green snakes, 2 Sonoran king snakes, 2 bull snakes, 
Lindheimer’s rat snake, 2 Great Plains rat snakes, 3 Texas long-nosed snakes, 
Texas soft-shelled turtle, broad-banded copperhead, northern copperhead, 7 
Western diamondback rattlesnakes, 14 Texas horned lizards, 10 collared lizards, 
5 Texas spiny lizards, diamondback water snake, 2 race runners, 3 Western 
coachwhips, 2 Brazos water snakes, 5 short-lined skinks, 2 water snakes, 
black-necked garter snake. 

Kuntz, Dr. R. E., Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Asiatic crested porcupines, 5 lesser Indian rat 
snakes, 8 Formosan green snakes, 32 palm vipers (of 2 species), 4 Taiwan 
habus, 4 Formosan rat snakes, 2 Russell’s vipers, 9 many-banded kraits, 5 
Taiwan cobras, 5 greater Indian rat snakes, 5 Formosan striped rat snakes, 
6 striped keel-backed water snakes, Oshima rat snake, 4 Philippine monitors, 
3 regal pythons, 10 Tokay geckos. 

Latham, Mrs. Inez, Washington, D.C., 2 Bengalee finches, 2 cut-throat finches, 
2 Indian silverbills. 

Lewis, Dr. T. H., Bethesda, Md., 5 teeid lizards. 

Montana State Game Commission, Helena, Mont., 2 Rocky Mountain goats. 

Mullinax, Mrs. Lois, Takoma Park, Md., green monkey. 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 10 deer mice (including 2 albinos), 
meadow vole, 6 Egyptian spiny mice, 9 African grass mice, 2 Egyptian gerbils. 

Owens, Charles H., Woodbridge, Va., 3 green guenons. 

Pesacane, A., Silver Hill, Md., toucan. 

Ratliff, Lester, Washington, D.C., regal python, alligator. 

Roth, T. H., Washington, D.C., 14 hinged-back tortoises (of 2 species), gelada 
baboon, green guenon, leopard tortoise, 12 vitelline masked weavers. 

Rothrock, Mrs. Grace E., Washington, D.C., double yellow-headed parrot. 

Schein, Steven, Silver Spring, Md., Cook’s tree boa, boa constrictor, Florida king 
snake, spectacled caiman. 

Setzer, Dr. Henry, Washington, D.C., desert hedgehog. 

Sinclair, Miss Glenn, Hampton, Va., 3 gray foxes. 

Skeels, Reginald V., Alexandria, Va., lesser hill mynah. 

Van Doren, F. S., Manassas, Va., lesser hill mynah. 

Voorhees, Alan, Bethesda, Md., mute swan. 

Walter, Garvin J., Jr., Washington, D.C., keel-billed toucan. 

Zander, Mrs. R. V., Alexandria, Va., cockatiel. 


138 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 
PURCHASES 


Among important purchases of the year were a female African 
rhinoceros obtained as a mate for the male acquired last year, two 
female Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), the rare 
(in captivity) East African golden cat (Felis (Profelis) aurata pal- 
lida), 2 magnificent specimen of honey badger or ratel (Mellvora 
capensis), four saiga antelopes, and a trio of African jumping hares 
well adjusted to captivity and very rarely exhibited in zoos. 

A shipment from Thailand yielded two open-billed storks (Anasto- 
mas lamelligerus) and one Feilden’s falconet (Veohyrax cinereiceps), 
believed to be the only one at present in captivity in the United 
States. 

The reptile collection was increased by two magnificent specimens 
of king cobra, the larger of which measures a good 16 feet. When 
word was received that these snakes had arrived at Idlewild Airport 
on a cold February day, senior keeper Mario DePrato made a quick 
trip to New York to receive them and bring them back to the Zoo. 
They were put in a safe place for the night and unpacked the follow- 
ing day. 

Dr. W. T. Roth, general curator, while in India purchased an in- 
teresting collection of small birds; and J. Lear Grimmer, associate 
director, during his field trip in British Guiana purchased four white- 
faced saki monkeys and an assortment of small mammals, birds, and 
reptiles. 

Other purchases of interest were: 


Clouded leopard Hoopoe 

Martial eagle 2 Gaboon vipers 
Hooded vulture 4 African clawed frogs 
White-backed vulture 2 Blumberg’s toads 
Long-crested hawk eagle 18 Tokay geckos 

8 pygmy cormorants 2 Kori’s bustards 


4 African gray parrots 
EXCHANGES 


An arrangement with the British Guiana Zoo, Georgetown, B.G., 
resulted in an exchange in which a surplus lion cub belonging to the 
National Zoological Park was offered for 56 birds indigenous to South 
America, 14 mammals, and 2 snakes. 

During the course of his studies of the hoatzin in British Guiana 
Mr. Grimmer collected 63 birds and 34 reptiles for the Zoo. Among 
the birds was a small parrot (Conurus solstitialis). 'There are no rec- 
ords of this species ever having previously been in captivity in zoos 
of the United States. 

Other animals obtained through exchange were: 


Barcelona Zoo, Barcelona, Spain, 2 Goliath frogs. 
Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, N.Y., llama. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 139 


Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., 2 Abyssinian ground hornbills. 

George’s Pet Shop, Bladensburg, Md., 2 spiny-tailed iguanas, 2 emerald tree boas, 
2 razor-billed toucanets. 

Gorsuch, George W., New Windsor, Md., 2 Egyptian geese. 

Hanson, Charles, Athens, Ohio, Texas gopher snake, desert tortoise, 2 island 
water snakes, 3 garter snakes (melanistic phase), 6 gray tree frogs. 

McCrossin, B., Washington, D.C., Egyptian goose. 

Norfolk Zoo, Norfolk, Va., 4 coatimundis, 2 American bison. 

Portland (Oreg.) Zoo, 2 siamangs, 8 Columbian ground squirrels. 

Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2 gannets. 

San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, Tex., jungle cat, tassel-eared squirrel. 

Southwick Game Farm, Blackstone, Mass., 2 saddle-billed storks, mute swan, 2 
tricolored squirrels. 

Thomas, Charles, Washington, D.C., 2 Huropean songthroats, 2 Huropean bunt- 
ings, 8 European linnets. 

Tote-em-In Zoo, Wilmington, N.C., 4 European red squirrels, 2 murine cpossums, 
2 pygmy marmosets, chicken turtle, chicken snake, 2 South African spiny liz- 
ards, 2 plated lizards, 2 Ameiva lizards, 4 crested basilisks, 4 South American 
tortoises, 4 Florida box turtles, 2 Texas tortoises, African mud turtle, 12 day 
geckos (3 species of Phelsuma), mabuya, 4 lizards (Hoplurus saxicola), skink 
(Zonosaurus aeneus), 3 skinks (4. madagascariensis). 

Zinner, Hermann, Vienna, Austria, 7 Aesculapian snakes, 3 Huropean racers, 4 
Huropean grass snakes, 6 tessellated water snakes, 14 water terrapins, 10 tree 
frogs, 4 spadefoot toads, 21 green lizards, 2 malpolons, 4 European vipers. 

Zoological Society of Trinidad, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, South American racer, 
rainbow boa, 10 Ameiva lizards, boa constrictor, 2 boat-billed herons, 6 scarlet 
ibis, 4 maroon tanagers, 2 palm tanagers, 6 blue tanagers, 6 kiskadee fly- 
catchers. 


The following animals were sent to other zoos and to private col- 
lectors in exchange: 


Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, N.Y., tree boa. 

Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Alberta, European brown bear. 

Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, [ll., Dall sheep (traded a female for a 
male; sent female for breeding). 

Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, Ohio, llama. 

Fort Worth Zoo, Fort Worth, Tex., harpy eagle. 

Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., serval kitten, black-backed jackal, black spider 
monkey, 3 fat-tailed gerbils. 

George’s Pet Shop, Bladensburg, Md., 2 yellow-necked parrots. 

Hanson, Charles, Athens, Ohio, corn snake, American alligator. 

Houston Zoo, Houston, Tex., 2 woodchucks, 3 Egyptian spiny mice, 2 fat-tailed 
gerbils, 2 Meriones, 3 Neumann’s genets, 2 water civets, night monkey, hybrid 
gibbon, 3 brown-throated conures, 4 tawny-bellied seedeaters. 

McCrossin, B., Washington, D.C., 2 onogadori chickens, ring-necked dove. 

Norfolk Zoo, Norfolk, Va., llama, African porcupine. 

Oakie, W. A., Winston-Salem, N.C., 4 mute swan cygnets, 2 whooper swan cygnets. 

Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, Pa., American crocodile. 

San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, Tex., African crowned crane, raccoon dog, jungle 
cat, spider monkey, 2 sooty monkeys, gelada baboon, 4 black squirrels, 4 fat- 
tailed gerbils. 

Southwick Wild Animal Farm, Blackstone, Mass., emu, black swan, 2 wild 
turkeys. 


140 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Steinhart Aquarium, San Francisco, Calif., 2 Surinam toads. 

Thomas, Charles, Washington, D.C., 2 cockatiels. 

Toledo Zoo, Toledo, Ohio, 2 Cape hunting dogs. 

Tote-em-In Zoo, Wilmington, N.C., 4 Virginia deer, collared peccary, 4 American 
black bears, 3 olive baboons, 2 leopards, 5 Sika deer. 

Werber, S. F., Silver Spring, Md., 1 Canada goose. 

The associate director, J. Lear Grimmer, and Mrs. Grimmer re- 
turned to British Guiana to continue investigation into the ecology 
of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoatzin). Certain observations of the 
bird in former years made it desirable to have a morphologist-anato- 
mist on the expedition, and Dr. Wilhelm Marinelli, professor of zo- 
ology and director of graduate biology, University of Vienna, was 
invited to participate in view of his longstanding interest in the species. 
After spending 10 weeks in field work throughout British Guiana, 
Mr. Grimmer and Dr. Marinelli assembled and studied their findings 
for 2 months at the University of Vienna, correlating behavior pat- 
terns and anatomical aspects of the bird. 

One of the hoatzins brought to the National Zoo established an 
important longevity record. Captured July 10, 1961, it lived until 
January 25, 1962—long enough to make close-range daily observations 
possible. Much was learned of its adaptability to cage environment 
and food requirements. The field work will continue with an ultimate 
goal of establishing an integrated breeding colony of this extraordi- 
nary bird in the National Zoological Park. 

The expeditions have been sponsored by the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, the National Geographic Society, the Mitch Miller Foundation, 
and the Jewett Foundation. An article on the work done in British 
Guiana will be published in the October 1962 National Geographic 
Magazine. 

General improvements and innovations in the animal department 
included experimental reversed daylight setups. Also an attempt was 
made to winter more animals outdoors than previously. By provid- 
ing a minimal amount of heat, through overhead lamps or under- 
ground heating cables in their shelters or sleeping boxes, gazelles and 
macaques were successfully wintered outdoors. Cockatoos and para- 
keets were given “hot-foot” perches made of pipe, through which an 
electric heating wire was run, controlled by a thermostat. 

In the large mammal division an elephant training program was 
initiated in May in order to keep the young male African elephant, 
“Dzimbo,” under control and to provide “Nancy,” “Ambika,” and 
“Shanti” with more exercise. 

The commissary division increased the raising of food animals such 
as waxworms, crickets, mealworms, chickens, rabbits, and guinea pigs, 
and thereby provided a valuable addition to the diet of the animals. 

The night-keepers program, while not yet completely staffed, has 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 141 


proved to be a valuable development; night-time feeding and atten- 
tion have contributed greatly to the number of baby animals and birds 
_ successfully raised at the Zoo. 

The importance of a zoological collection rests, to a large extent, 
upon its diversity and scope. The National Zoological Park has en- 
joyed some measure of success in its efforts to add representative 
species belonging to little-known or absent families. 

The total number of accessions for the year was 1,340. This in- 
cludes gifts, purchases, exchanges, deposits, births, and hatchings. 


STATUS OF THE COLLECTION 


Class Orders Families | Species or | Individuals 
subspecies 
Vieira a see ek ee ee ee 14 48 244 665 
YBNTIRCG IS} ee 2S Sy Pa tT 22 78 415 1, 209 
EVO Ellesmere ere ae ee reer era ey ee 4 26 206 809 
ANTEOPOLIT OEE YSIS epee RRs HI Sa opal 2 ial 23 109 
SUSY OVS Ss eee ly gn ld 4 9 21 80 
Js\SPGLOTROY DOG Ih sa SP ea er 3 5 5 57 
JAN EGY RAS Eo oA eA 1 1 1 30 
AROS RW eS st I  O 50 178 914 2, 959 
ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION ON JUNE 30, 1962 
MAMMALS 
MONOTREMATA 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Tachyglossidae: 
HKehidna, or spiny anteater__________ Tachyglossus aculeatus___.______ 1 
MARSUPIALIA 
Didelphidae: 
Murine opossum____-----_---_--_-- MaArMoOsa spe 222 Shere ed 1 
Didelphis marsupialis__________ 1 
Dasyuridae: 
Tasmanian devil____-______________ Sarcophilus harrisiti-_._._._-.____ 1 
Phalangeridae: 
SUS Fela Ceres Wa iw aga Petaurus breviceps____________-_ 3 
Squirrel: lider! 2 eae Petaurus norfolcensis___________ qT 
Phascolomidae: 
Hairy-nosed wombat__________-__-- Lasiorhinus latifrons___________ 2 
Mainland wombat__--____-________ Wombatus hirsutus_____._______ 1 
Macropodidae: 
Treenkangaroo x. eo 2a a we Dendrolagus matschiei______-___ 1 


Raltukang arog esa ee POLOTOUS” Spee Seals ie ane yee 3 


142 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


INSECTIVORA 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Hrinaceidae: 
European hedgehog___________------ Hrinaceus euwropaeus____-----_-- 4 
African desert hedgehog__________-__ Paraechinus aethiopicus____---- 1 
Short-tailed shrew ______--_-_____- Blarina brevicauda_______--___- 2 
PRIMATES 
Lemuridae: 
Ring-tailed lemur_---____-_-_._----— Lemuncatte = 4 
Lorisidae: : 
Greatvcalago== 2s suk Se ieee ees Galago crassicaudatus__________- 2 
Dwartvcalagoss] 222 ee eee Galago senegalensis zanzibaricus— 2 
Common pottios2 a2 2 hee Perodicticus potto______________ 1 
Cebidae: 
Nightimonke yoo se es Aotus trivirgatus______________- 2 
Brown capuchin monkey 
White-throated capuchin ¢ _-___--_-_- Cebus capucinus__________------ 10 
Capuchin 
Weeping capuchin monkey__-------- Cebusorniseius SSS eas 1 
White-faced saki monkey___--_--_-- Pithecia pithecia_________-_______ 1 
Squirrel@imonkey2e222s5 See Saimiri sciureus___—_ = 6 
Black spider monkey__-__---------- AltCLES| fUSCLCEDS =e 4 
Spider monkey= 22s saw eee Ateles geoffroyi_.___ =" 6 
Woollysmonkey=2s2e 20s ae ea ee Lagoa sp =.) 1 
Callithricidae: 
Py omy AMaATmMOSe Geese ee ee Cebuella pygmaea____-_____---__ 23 
Cottontop marmoset________________ Saguinus oedipus_____---___-___ 1 
Red-handed marmoset______________ SQquinus mitts =a 1 
Cercopithecidae: 
Toque, or bonnet monkey_________--- MGACOCOTSINCE SE anna naae 3 
eOEASVEL TASTY E21 C21C) UT See see Macaca irus mordav______----_- 2 
Crab-eating macaque_________--_-__ Macaca inss Ee 1 
Philippine macaque_________________ Macaca philippinensis_______-__- 2 
Macaquenniy br dames ee Macaca philippinensis * M. irus— 1 
Rhesus monkey____________________ Macaca mulatta___-_____________ 4 
Formosan monkey__________________ Macaca cyclopis.____________---- 2, 
Red-faced macaque_________________ Macaca speciosa __-__--_------- 1 
Barbary ape cue vee wae Macaca sylwdnus______--------- 14 
Moor; macaque] A ae ae Macaca maurus_______--------- 1 
Gray-cheeked mangabey____________ Cercocebus albigena_._______----~ 1 
Agile mangabey 22. 2 ee ee Cercocebus galeritus agilis______ 1 
Golden-bellied mangabey___________ Cercocebus galeritus chrysogas- 1 
ter. 
Red-crowned mangabey_____________ Cercocebus torquatus____-_------ 2 
SOOUAY lansing yey Cercocebus fuliginosus____-_----~ 3 
Crested mangabey__________________ Cercocebus aterrimus opdenbo- 1 
schii. 
Black-crested mangabey____________ Cercocebus aterrimus__--------- 2 
Chacmay baboons aes enna Papio comatus_______-_-------_- 1 
Olive baboon 22 oC a Papin. anibis ee 3 
Geladagbaboon= 22a awe seuneouln nln Theropithecus gelada__________- 4 
Vervet: SUenOns 2. 222k Ree oN Cercopithecus aethiops pygery- 1 


thrus. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 143 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 


Cerecopithecidae—Continued 
Green euenone 222) 2a eee ee ee eee Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus__ 5 
Grivet guenon (color variation) _____ Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops_ 1 
Moustached monkey__---~---_-----_ Cercopithecus cephus___-_--____ 3 
Diana mMonkeya lo o2 = Bale Cercopithecus diana___--_------ 1 
Roloway monkey____--------------- Cercopithecus diana roloway___—-— 1 
IPreuSSS;2UeCNONS- Le ae eee Cercopithecus Vhoesti preussi__- 1 
DeBrazza’s guenon________________- Cercopithecus ineglectus________ 2 
White-nosed guenon________________ Cercopithecus nictitans_._____-- 1 
Lesser white-nosed guenon__--__--_ Cercopithecus nictitans petaur- 1 
ista. 
Allen’s swamp monkey___-----__---~ Allenopithecus nigroviridis___-__ 2 
Spectacled, or Phayre’s, langur______ Presbytis phayrei_________---__- 1 
Entellus, or Hanuman monkey______ Presbytis entellus______-_--_--_- 1 
BGAN OU eee lla es ee i a (PT CSDY CUS) «SO eee oe ee 1 
Pongidae: 
White-handed gibbon_____-_-_--_____ HV lOOCLES LO =e 5 
Wau-wau, cibbon- 2 2 ee Hylobates moloch______-----_-_- 1 
Gibbons hybrid] 2 = sss ee Hylobates agilis XH. lar pileatus_ 1 
Gibbon) hy brid222225 Hylobates lar X H. sp_-----_---- 1 
Siamang gibbon_________-____-_____ Symphalangus syndactylus______ 1 
Sumatran orangutan_____-______-__ Pongo pygmaeus abelit__________ 2 
Bornean orangutan_________-____-__ Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus_____-— 1 
@himpanzee 2222 RANT SOL YTS aoe ee eee 4 
(Gis er aw re ee Goren 3 
EDENTATA 
Myrmecophagidae: 
Giantvantedterleas2 eee ee Myrmecophaga tridactyla___-___ 1 
Bradypodidae: 
Two-toed sloth______.________--___- Choloepus didactylus__-_______- 8 
Dasypodidae: 
Nine-banded armadillo_____________ Dasypus novemcinctus___--__--_-- 1 
LAGOMORPHA 
Leporidae: 
Domestic rabbit____________-__-___-- Oryctolagus cuniculus______---_ uf 
RODENTIA 
Sciuridae: 
Tassel-eared squirrel________-_----- Sciurus aberti aberti__-__-_-_-__-- al 
Gray squirrel (albino) _--__________ Sciurus carolinensis___.___.__---- 2 
Sciuridae: 
Southern fox squirrel______________ Sciurus niger_._.____------------ 3 
HKuropean red squirrel_________-____ Sciurus vulgaris________----_--- 4 
Indian palm squirrel_______________ Funambulus palmarum____-----~ 1 
Giant Indian squirrel_______________ LOCUPTO MINGLCO eee epee 1 
Tricolored, or Prevost’s, squirrel____ Callosciurus prevosti________--~ al 
Asiaticn Squinre) Sees Lees ee eee Callosciurus nigrovittatus_______ 1 
Formosan tree squirrel_____________ Callosciurus erythraeus_____--_- 1 
Woodchuck, or groundhog___________ Marmota monagv____-_____----__ 3 
IP Tari e-W Og ty ee ee ea ee Cynomys tudovicianus_____-___- 8 
California ground squirrel__________ Citellus beecheyi___________--__ 4 


144. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Sciuridae—Continued 
Washington ground squirrel_________ Citellus washingtoni____________ 5 
Golden-mantled ground squirrel_____ Citellus lateralis___.____________ 3 
Eastern chipmunk____---__________ Hamias striatuss2_ = ee 2 
Hastern chipmunk (albino) —________ Tamias striatus__.-__- 1 
Yellow pine chipmunk______________ Hutamias amoenus________-____ 1 
Formosan flying squirrel____________ Petaurista grandis______-________ 1 
Eastern flying squirrel_____________ Glaucomys volans______________ 5 
Castoridae: 
TS CV CTs canes Se RSS Se oo ele Castor canadensis______________ 2 
Leporidae: 
Cape jumping hare_________________ Redetes cae = 3 
Cricetidae: 
White-footed mouse________________ PCTROMYSCUS SD eee ee ee q 
Goldenthamster.2 2k eee Mesocricetus auratus___________ 1 
East African maned rat____________ Lophiomys ibeanus_____-____-____ 3 
PING wiVOl GMS ie eee Sexe aah See ae Pitymys pinetorum_____________ 8 
Geer eee aa inal Det ee ace cy Gerbillus pyramidum___________ 16 
Fat-tailed gerbil-__________________ Pachyuromys duprasi________-_- 80 
eh FST oy Me SM I ale TN Te Plt WROD (OS 4. 
Hainy-tailedayird 22ers Sekeetamys calurus____________- 1 
Muridae: 
Multimammate rat_________________ Mastomys natalensis____________ 1 
Slender-tailed cloud rat_____________ Phloeomys cumingii____________ 1 
Egyptian spiny mouse______________ Acomys cahirinus______________ 14 
Egyptian spiny mouse________-_____ Acomys dimidiatus_____________ 25 
Hystricidae: 
Malay, porcupine=22 See Acanthion brachyura___________ 1 
African poreupine__________________ Hystria galeata__________-_____ v6 
Asiatie crested porcupine___________ AYStTig Specs. 2 ee eee 2 
Caviidae: 
Pacbag oni amy Caviy see oe ena Dolichotis australis_____________ 5 
Dasyproctidae: 
Re Gia ub es ea ee ee ee DAsyproctas)p) as 3 
ACUI GT iy. i see Ro Dasyprocta acuchy___._._----____ 2 
Chinchillidae: 
Peruvian viseaccia___-_______-_____ Lagidium viscaccia___-_-_______ al 
CARNIVORA 
Canidae: 
im grit eee ok eae es RED, Canis familiaris dingo__________ 3 
COV OCG Rs NE ON a Canis latrans22 2202 eee 1 
Common a chal aes iano Canis\aurneus=— eee 2 
Tim ber swe isa aa dee RO ERA Canis lupus nubilus________-_____ 2 
Texas redswolfse2sehc Ue AMR Ban aay Canis niger rufus________---____ 1 
ATCUIC Pox eas SO RUSE ARE uh Opera ll Alopex lagopus_________________ 2 
TUNG G2 RS ORE EN Fennecus zerda__-_-_-____ 2 
Gray: foxes Ch ARN aA Urocyon cinereoargenteus_______ 3 
Raccoonyd ogee SsS ay an Nyctereutes procyonoides_______ 2 
Cape‘hunting dog2™) Usa ees Lycaon pictus__.-_--__-____-___ 2 
Jerre eee eel pope ee Otocyon megalotis____._________ 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 145 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Ursidae: 
Spectacled bear__________----------. Tremarctos ornatus__—___--=--_= 1 
Eimalayan, bearss. a eee ee Selenarctos thibetanus___------- 1 
Japanese black bear_______--------- Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus— 1 
OTe an Gao Bae ee eee Selenarctos thibetanus ussuricus— 2 
Huropean brown bear_____---------- UPSUSTONCLOSS <== Sar Sa eas ene 3 
Iranian brown bear_______-__~------- Ursus arctos occidentalis_______- 2 
Alaskan Peninsula bear____-----_---_ URSUSOY ASH ae Se SS ee eae 1 
(Gaeiaby Wet hes sees ee eee UGsusenornnibi ses ae eee 2 
TBA Ee) OYE Ce Ma ele ok eo eoeen heen be Eae Euarctos americanus_____-----~- 1 
I Olangb Casas ae oe ee Be ee Thalarctos maritimus____-----_~ 2 
Ely bridybears 225 22 a ee Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus 4 
middendorffi. 
Mallaygsun\ beara == 22 ae Helarctos malayanus____------- 2 
lothebear mew oo ee MCTUNSUSTUTSINUS= a eee 2 
Procyonidae: 
Cacomistle, or ring-tailed cat_______ Bassariscus astutus______--_---- 5 
ACEO OMe eee She Leah teen IPROCGHOWS HOPI ea a 5 
Raccoons (albino) <4. 2st eee LEO MOCO Re eae 1 
Coatimiumn dies 22 INS SU CRIUG Tel CO eee eee 4 
Peruvian coatimundi_______________ Nasua nasua dorsalis_________- if 
PESTA AN) (Tse Ae POLOSHUG TUS ee eae ena 4 
(Onin (psec rele ea Bassaricyon gabbi__________---_ 2 
MESSE TD aT Oey ee a Ailurus fulgens_____- 5 
Mustelidae: 
TENET TED aa SS OT Mustela eversmanni_________-__ 1 
MV fears Ge raat Ss ee ee Martes americana_______-______ 1 
Hi Sie reese aes WE iden a Martes pennanti-_--_- oft 
South American tayra______________ Tayra barbara barbara________- aL 
British Guiana tayra_______________ Tayra barbara poliocephala_____ 2 
(CITES OV, 8a AS eee Ns Galictis vittata = 1 
Zorilla, or striped weasel___________ ECLONY RESULT Sa ee Py 
AVV(OiV@ILTT Casts se eee GUT ORLUS CUS ie es ee ernenmatede enna itt 
TERE EN | SE al re ee Nee ee Mellivora capensis________-_-_-_-__- 1 
American badger___________________ AUG HICKEAI) SUIS al 
Golden-bellied ferret-badger_________ Helictis moschata subaurantiaca_ 3 
Commonyiskunkl) 22) 2 ae Mephitis mephitis___._-_________ 2 
California spotted skunk_____________ Spilogale putorius phenav_______ 1 
Viverridae: 
Cy SUI VEY ea A Ty Py eT Genetta genetta neumannii______ 7 
Genet (black phase) ____________.__ Genetta genetta________________ 1 
Formosan spotted civet_____________ Viverricula indica___-.-________ 2 
TELUS cas eel eel ea ele cee Ne Prionodon linsang_____--___-____ 1 
Mtricany palm Civitas. ee ee Nandinia binotata___________.___ 2 
Formosan masked civet_____________ Paguma larvata taivana________ 1 
ORS BIN EFUT OT ese Arctictis binturong_____________ 1 
African gray mongoose_____________ Herpestes ichneumon__________~ 1 
African water civet____-____________ Atilaxz pdaludinosus_____________ +t 
Striped African mongoose___________. Crossarchus fasciatus___________ 2 
Black-footed mongoose______________ TSCKQOGRG oy ie ee Sa ee 2 
White-tailed mongoose______________. Ichneumia albicauda____________ 1 


146 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Hyaenidae: 
Stripedthyeng 2222 ees Hyaena hyaena___--_-----_-____ 2 
Felidae: 
BOD canta eee tes. ee eh LEY NG ICIS US ees on ee ee ee 2 
ETE See ee ere es Ieee EN Lyng canadensis_______________ 1 
COO We Ker LA aL IS a eS Lyng caracal caracal____________ 1 
CIID BAA KeyinCeke etal cS ae Helis Chaussee eee 2 
A ean Mea st Baits ae a NS Felts mantle eee 2 
ESHER p92 Ch Ny eS ate ah TRC Revs. (Serv0le se 3 
@ CONG Fee ea re tole mae, Felis pardalis____-_-__- = 1 
Ma Oa vice ti ies dnae ere aes eed Felis wiedti-___2- 5 = 22a ees 5 
Gold encea tees eS ie oe HCUS CUO 2 eee 1 
D0 Bons hose pea i ae er rel ae eee ee Deen PLCUS (CONCOLOT = 1 
Doge cen ese a a a RA Panthera pardus___-__------___ 4 
Blackleopard] 22s ees Panthera pardus_______________ 2, 
1 BARI 0 ac cca ce UU AU eas Panthera) leoe 22 es eee 6 
Ben Salto Gers Sn ete eas ee vane a Panthera tigris____-- 2 aes 2, 
Bengal tiger (white phase) __________ Panthera tigris.___-____-_ 1 
DEV UT eae DE pO eae CR Panthera onea.—--—-_-— 1 
Cloudedileopard] 22.2 s2 aes Neofelis nebulosa_______________ 1 
Snowsleopard= 222.0 20 Gees ee a Uncia wnciaz Eee 2 
(WTS G tre ae ee Acinony® jubata________________ 2 
PINNIPEDIA 
Otariidae: 
California sea-lion_________________ Zalophus californianus__________ 6 
Patagonian sea-lion________________ Otaria flavescens_______________ 1 
Phocidae: 
Ea Tb Orise alicia Sai ea ener Phoca cin. 2 
TUBULIDENTATA 
Orycteropodidae: 
Aardvark, or antbear_______________ Orycteropus afer_______________ 1 
PROBOSCIDEA 
Hlephantidae: 
Atrican elephants. cess au away mennunsue Loxodonta africana_____________ 1 
Horest elephant see Lowvodonta cyclotis_______-____-_-__ 1 
Indianvelephant=222 2s See Hlephas mavimus________--_- 2 
HYRACOIDEA 
Procaviidae: 
1 3 Gig qe lps e ee OM cnn tre See Una eae Procavia: sp. 2-2 ae 1 
PERISSODACTYLA 
Equidae: 
Mongolian wild horse_______________ Hquus przewalskii______________ 1 
Burro} or donkey 20 own eel HQUUS ASiNiUs. 2 eee 1 
Grant’ s*zebras 2 tii nls delay Hquus burchelli boehmi_________ 4 
Grevyis  Zebrai sce! cow a ena eee HQUUSIOREVYt= = =e eee 2 
Tapiridae: 
Braz anita pi Tse eae needle Tapirus terrestris___._.__________ 2 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 


147 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Rhinocerotidae : 
Great one-horned Indian rhinoceros__ Rhinoceros unicornis____-------- 1 
White, or square-lipped, rhinoceros__ Ceratotherium simum__-------- 2 
African black rhinoceros_------~--~-~ Diceros bicornis__—_________-_-— 2 
ARTIODACTYLA 
Tayassuidae: 
Collared) peccary—.2= 222 eee ee tess RECOM thjOCUssnana sneer 4 
Hippopotamidae: 
Hippopotamus —~------------------~ Hippopotamus amphibius______--_ 3 
Pygmy hippopotamus__------------ Choeropsis liberiensis_____----_-~ 4 
Camelidae: 
TONG OONG ea es a pen SE eee aU es OMG GLI ee Cian 6 
Gaura aC O ees eas Se ee Lama glama guanicoe______--_-~ 3 
PA ACA ee ee SEC Se eee TOM OD CCOS ha eae ee ree ae 4 
BAactriany camels == eee ea eee Camelus bactrianus_____-__---- 1 
Cervidae: 
White fallow deer___________-____-- Danian ee 4 
PACA S HO COT Se a AVG USEN LDU S ees aiaee ace ie nee ENN han 6 
REG G Cerra Dio bie os ee ee Be Cervus elaphus_——_—-- 5 
American el kee s2 2u) ne ees Cervus canadensis____---_--____ 1 
Sikagdecrnwess ns saree ae ee ee Cervus nippon-___.-------=---- 11 
Pere David's deer 2-22 2e sve Elaphurus davidianus__-_------ 1 
Virginia, deer==222 22-2222 5 ae Odocoileus virginianus__---__--- q 
REIN CC ieee ear a ce a Rangifer tarandus_______-_-__-_ 12 
Mores cariboue2—-= 2a" 2 2 eke eee Rangifer caribou______________-_ 1 
Giraffidae: 
Nubian) ‘giraffe. 2222-2 e Giraffa camelopardalis camelo- 1 
pardalis. 
Malsaimeiraties 2 se ee Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskir- 2 
chi. 
Antilocapridae: 
TEU RCON AYA OY By s e e a  on e e Antilocapra americana_____-_--~_ 1 
Bovidae: 
Sieve TIT a Tragelaphus spekiti_____.__.______ 1 
Brindled gnu, or blue wildebeest_____. Connochaetes taurinus__________ 3 
PANT @ immo en ay Ny oe Anoa depressicornis____________ 2 
LEY OD ca eS IBOSZINGLCUS See ee ea een 1 
YS) cnet ae es Poephagus grunniens____--__--_ 3 
Gy Saree a ae ESTO OSWNG GALT ALS ee ee es eee ee 2 
Caperbuitaloia oo 2a ee SVROTUS COT 4 
AMericanepisonis. 22222 oe IBUSORWOLS ON ioe eee cele 2 
Monrcasieazell es 2 2 Gazella dorcas__.___.___________. 5 
Saigavantelopes..--- = 2 SOUS UOC Oe 4 
Bimalayanstahpesss2 2 ae ee Hemitragus jemlahicus________~ 1 
Rocky Mountain goat______________. Oreamnos americanus_____-_--_ 1 
African pygmy goat________________ Capra. hircusi2 2-22 = 83 
VOY Spe a TS OL EIT a Canraxtbece 2 aie ee 1 
JN COTUNG 0 Sea EA Ee a a Ammotragus lervia_________---_ 3 
Bighorn sheep_____--_--___________. Ovis canadensis______---------- 2 
Dalilgsheeps so a Ovis dalli dalli___-___-_-___------ 1 


148 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


BIRDS 
SPHENISCIFORMES 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Spheniscidae: 
King penouine 225 eee Aptenodytes patagonica___-----_ 4 
Adélie penguine Pygoscelis adeliae_-__-__-_------- 1 
STRUTHIONIFORMES 
Struthionidae: 
Ostrich= See Struthio camelus_____---------- 1 
RHEIFORMES 
Rheidae: 
1B OSG ieee ai ig nee ae LA Hh) ES Rhea americana_______--------- 1 
CASUARIIFORMES 
Casuariidae: 
Double-wattled cassowary---------- Casuarius bicarunculatus______— 2 
Dromiceidae : 
JH We ee ee ee ed Dromiceius novaehollandiae_____ 3 
TINAMIFORMES 
Tinamidae: 
Pileated tinamous.] eee Crypturus sout panamensis____-- 1 
PROCELLARIIFORMES 
Diomedeidae: 
Black-footed albatross_____-_-------- Diomedea nigripes_____---_------ 2 
PELECANIFORMES 
Pelecanidae: 
Rose-colored pelican____-----_-_---- Pelecanus onocrotalus______-__-- 2 
Wihite pelicans 22 ee eee Pelecanus erythrorhynchos______ 3 
Brow pelican= = 22a eee Pelecanus occidentalis occiden- att 
talis. 
Dalmatian spelican{=2=]42ses e222." Pelecanus crispus______--------- 4 
Sulidae: 
Gannett eS a a idine 2 er oes Sulavbassang= =e 1 
Phalacrocoracidae : 
Double-crested cormorant____--_--_- Phalacrocoragz auritus auritus___ 3 
Harallon conmorant=22222) sos 2 ea. Phatlacrocorax auritus albocilia- 1 
tus. 
Huropean cormorant ___-_---------- Phalacrocorag carbo____-------- 6 
CICONIIFORMES 
Ardeidae: 
Reddish-eeret= 2 2 2 ees i a Dichromanassa rufescens rufes- 2 
Cens. 
Reddish egret (white phase) —________ Dichromanassa rufescens rufes- 1 
cens. 
Cattle rege pi eee hel) CARON AR Bubulews ibisa2 oe 5 
American’ egrets soa > fist ane Casmerodius albus_____________~ 8 
SNOWY egret ai seems were REN eS Leucophoya thula__-.---------- 3 
Great white heron_________________-_ Ardea occidentalis__________---- 2 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


149 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 


Ardeidae—Continued 
Eastern green heron___----_-------- Butorides virescens______------- 8 
Mouisianal Neronee sane ese see Hydranassa tricolor____________ 4 
Black-crowned night heron____------_ Nycticoran nycticorav___________ 12 
Mittle blue herons] 2222 Florida caerulea caerulea_______ 4 
INmericany DiGbernn = eee een Botaurus lentiginosus__________ i 
east) bittern 2 222 ee eee Ivobrychus exilis exilis_________ 1 
PART eS NA gh eo eae Tigrisoma lineatum_____________ ® 
Cochleariidae: 
Boat-billed heron __________------- Cochlearius cochlearius________ 1 
Balaenicipitidae : 
FSU oy SBR a ee aa eta ee Balaeniceps rev_------.___----- nile 
Ciconiidae: 
American wood ibis_______________- Mycteria americana_____-______ 2 
European white stork_________--__- Cicomaycicon(. == ae 4 
Indian adjutant stork____________-_ Leptoptilos dubiws_____________ 1 
White-bellied stork_________________ Abdimia sphenorhyncha ___---_~ 2 
Open-billed stork______--_----------- Anastomus oscitans__-_________ 2 
Saddle-billed stork_______-_--------- Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis__ 1 
Threskiornithidae: 
AVAGO Gea cee aN eo ee Hudocimus albus___-_________-__ PB 
ESV EEIT EN AST) SA a EHudocimus ruber__-____________ 8 
Black-faced ibis___.____.____________ Theristicus melanopis__________ 1 
Black-headed ibis__________________ Threskiornis melanocephala_____ 1 
White-faced glossy ibis_____________ Plegadis mexicana_____-_______ 1 
Hastern glossy ibis_--___-____=____ = Plegadis faleinellus____________ 4 
Roseate spoonbill__________________ PENG GHI GB CPG KOSS Ss 6 
Phoenicopteridae: 
Chilean flamingo__________________ Phoenicopterus chilensis________ 2, 
Cuban’ flamingos. 22 ee eee Phoenicopterus ruber___________ 1 
Old World flamingo________________ Phoenicopterus antiquorum_____ 1 
ANSERIFORMES 
Anhimidae: 
Crested screamer__________________ Chauna torquata_____-_________ 4 
Anatidae: 
Coscoroba swan___--__--___________ Coscoroba coscoroba____________ 4 
VEG S Wen TS oy ee ONT US UC Ra 3 
Black-necked swan_________________ Cygnus melanocoriphus_________ 2 
Whooper swan______________ OQLOIRCY CNUs Ea eee ae 2 
Whistling swan... Olor columbianus_________-_-____ 13 
Trumpeter swan____________________ Olor buccinator________________ 2 
IBlackySywja Chenopis atrata________________ 9 
Hgyptian goose______________ Alopochen aegyptiacus__________ 4 
White-fronted goose________________. YAEL (HADO OY a 33 
Indian bar-headed goose_____________ ANS CI ANEAG US eee att es 5 
Hmperor GOOSes2 a8 Ss he Anser canagicus____-______-_- Ps 
IBIMO\SOOSG. 24a abe an viens 2 ak eh! Anser caerulescens caerulescens __ 6 
Lesser snow goose (color phase)____ Anser caerulescens caerulescens__ 2, 
Greater snow goose_________________. Anser caerulescens atlanticus____ 5 
FROSS'S/SOOSE: = 5 ie ek oe MANS CT OSS en ee Sa 4 
Red-breasted goose___________-____ Branta rujicollis__________-____-- 4 
@Wanadajc00sese sao) ee ea Branta canadensis______-__-___-- 24. 


150 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Anatidae—Continued 
Lesser Canada goose____________-_-- Branta canadensis leucopareia__ 5 
Cacklingico0ses 22 eee Branta canadensis minima______ 4 
White-cheeked goose__-------_-----_ Branta canadensis occidentalis___ 3 
Canada goose X blue goose, hybrid__ Branta canadensis X Anser cae- 2 
rulescens. | 
Ruddy/shelduck2 22 ee Casarca ferruginea____________- | 
NVVOO GL Cun Ce eet ae AGS) O1US me ale, | 
Mandariniduck=]22 eae Aig galericulata_________-_______ 12 
Indian cotton teal____________---__-_- Nettapus coromandelianus______ 3 
Pintail ducks ss -s2 2 eee Anas acuta -_____-___-___-------- 5 
Green-winged teal________________--. ANS: CNeC6G= 2225. 1 
Chestnut-breasted teal______-_---~~_-. Anas castanea_______-_-_-_____ 1 
CERO Rye) D Lg ee a Sa i ee Anas strepera strepera__________ 4. 
European wigeon___________--_---__ Anas penelope__________-_______ 2 
Mallardiduck.. 22 ee oe aa Anas platyrhynchos________--_- 45 
Mallard duck X American pintail Anas platyrhynchos X A. acuta_ 1 
duck, hybrid. 
Indian spotted-billed duck_______-__- Anas poecilorhyncha____________ 1 
(Bla ckwidtc koe se ees Anas rubripes___-______-- 8 
Greater scaup duck__--_--------_--~-- Aythya marila___-_____--------- 5 
Lesser scaup duck___-------------- Aythya affinis_________-_-_____- 5 
Red-headed duck___--__________-___ Aythya americana_____--_______ q 
Ring-necked duck_--__-----------_- Aythya collaris_________--_--__- 1 
Canvalsbackadu Ck 2 0ne mutase Aythya valisineria__________-__- 5 
Rosy-billed pochard_________--_---~ Metopiana peposaca___________- 1 
Red-crested pochard_-______________ NCtLG GUNG 22s ee eevee 1 
Bufflehead duck___________-__-_____ Bucephala albeola_______-______ 1 
American goldeneye duck___________ Bucephala clangula americana___ 1 
Baldpates 22226 aie ie a ae Mareca americana_____-_------- 10 
FALCONIFORMES 
Cathartidae: 
Andeanicondors2 ee es Vultur gryphus_____-----------_ 1 
King vultures 222 222 Se eae Sarcoramphus papa__-_-__-__-___ 1 
Bleek vulture ae ee eee Coragyps atratus____.-___--_____ 2 
Hooded vulture___-________________ Necrosyrtes monachus______--__ 1 
Griffon?) vultures. 32 eee Gyps fulvus= 2 eee 1 
Ruppell’s vulture________________-__ Gyps riippellii________________-_ 3 
Turkey, vultures. 222 ens aaeoeee een Cathartes aura_________~-------~ 8 
Sagittariidae: 
Secretary ind: 2222 eae ae Sagittarius serpentarius._______- 2) 
Accipitridae: 
African yellow-billed kite___________ Milvus migrans__--_------------ 2 
Brahminy kites wns eiie a aaa ae Haliastur indus_______-_-__-__- 1 
Black-faced hawk #222. 0s wae Leucopternis melanops______-_-- 1 
Red-winged hawk__________________ Heterospizias meridionalis______ 1 
Red-tailed hawk___________________ Buteo jamaicensis_________----- 4 
Red-shouldered hawk______________ Buteo lineatus_____________--_- 2 
Swainson's hawks ssa Buteo swainsoni______________- 1 
Mauduyt’s hawk eagle______________ Spizaetus ornatus__._____--____-_ 1 
Long-crested hawk eagle____________ Lophaétus occipitalis____._.___.__ 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 151 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Accipitridae—Continued 
Greatablack hawke22 = eae Ictinaetus malayensis___________ 1 
Golden eagless: 2. ee Aquila chrysaetos______________ 3 
Imperial eagle.._.-.-._._--4--_--__ Aquila heliaca_-= 2-22 ee 2 
White-breasted sea eagle_____-____- Haliaeetus leucogaster__________ 1 
Pallasisved elena. 22S Haliaeetus lewcoryphus__-___--- 1 
Salama cea sialic eet Haliaeetus leucocephalus________ 2 
IRAs) Calpe ee eee Buteo poecilochrous________-___ al 
arpya eagles 2. =u wee bie a ee Le Harpia harpyja_________-----__ 1 
Guianan crested eagle_____________- Morphnus guianensis________--- 1 
Monkey-eating eagle_______________ Pithecophaga jefferyi___________ 1 
Martial eaglen..o oe 0 res ei Polemaetus bellicosus________-_~ 1 
Bateleur eagle 2 Terathopius ecaudatus_____-____ ?3 
Bearded vulture___________________ Gypactus barbatus_____________ 1 
Pandionidae: 
American OSpreyao— 22222" Pee Pandion haliaetus carolinensis__- 2 
Faleonidae: 
Sparrows hawks Na Falco sparverius________-______ B3 
TOG FS yd ee are RL are Falco peregrinus anatum_____--- 1 
Feilden’s faleonet__________________. Neohieraxv cinereiceps________-__ 1 
Red-footed falcon, or crane hawk___. Falco vespertinus______________- 1 
Large-billed faleon_________________. Falco biarmicus___---_---------- 1 
MOrestpial coms 2 Micrastur semitorquatus________ 2 
@hima ame Oe AE EAs UN Milvago chimango________-___-__ 1 
Chimachima hawk_________________. Milwago chimachima_____—~--~---~ 2 
Audubon’s caracara___________ Polyborus cheriway_____------_~ 2 
White-throated caracara____________ Phalcoboenus albogularis________ 2, 
GALLIFORMES 
Megapodiidae: 
Brushyturkey.2 3-2 Se ee Alectura lathami________----_-- 1 
Cracidae: 
Wattled curassow__________________ Craze globulosa____._.-__ = 2 
Crested curassow__-___-___________. RRP HARA aa 4 
Nocturnal curassow________________. Nothocras urumutum____------- 1 
White-headed piping guan__________- Pipile cumanensis______-_-__--_- 1 
Phasianidae: 
Bobwhite, or quail__________________ Colinus virginianus______-_----- 1 
Chuckariquaila. 2. Alectoris graeca_._._____--____-__ 1 
Gambel’s quail_____________________ Lophortyx gambeli________-_-__ 2 
AVetli ery ates Skee We Lophortya% vallicola_____.________ 6 
Argus) pheasant 28 Us Argusianus argus______._._----__ 1 
Golden pheasant___________________. Chrysolophus pictus____________ 3 
Red junglefowl____________________. Gaius allises= See eee 6 
Black-backed kaleege pheasant______. Gennaeus melanonotus__________ 2 
Nilverspheasantescss ee nen he SOL Gennaeus nycthemerus__________ 1 
EO Wiles ai Sn SANS Nh Sipe Ek ROUOCKiStatUuse ee eee 7 
Indian blue peacock_______________- Pavo cristatus_______..._-_____ 1 
Ring-necked pheasant______________ Phasianus colchicus____-_-__--__ 4 
Ring-necked pheasant (albino) _____ Phasianus colchicus_____--_____ 2 
Ring-necked pheasant xX _ green Phasianus colchicus X P. versi- 1 
pheasant, hybrid. color. 


iS) 


Bhutan, or gray peacock pheasant___ Polyplectron bicalcaratum____---~ 
658366—62——11 


152 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 

Numididae: 

Vulturine guineafowl_____--------- Acryllium vulturinum___—------~ 3 
Meleagrididae: 

Ocellateds turkey 222) eas ee Agriocharis ocellata_____------- 2 

Wild turkey. 22s ee ios eae a Meleagris gallopavo__-________--_ 1 

GRUIFORMES 

Gruidae: 

Siberian; cranes] aie aaa eee Grus lewcogeranus_____-_------- 1 

MUROPEANT CLAN Caeubsnen ess Sista AEE Grus OTUS 2282 eee 2 

Sars er anes cman aN et seforls N Antigone antigone_________---__ 2 

African crowned crane_____-___---- Balearica pavonina_______---_-- 5 
Psophiidae: 

Trumpeter. 2s. WA a ea Psophia. créepitans 22 eee 2 
Rallidae: 

Cayenne: wood) railia se ee Aramides cajanea_________-____ 2 

AVabr aad Qs ane eee ae ee nel _ Kallus limicota______-____-._ == 1 

Purplesgallinwles [ese eee ee nae fonornis mariinica] see 2 

White-breasted waterhen___________ Amaurornis phoenicurus________ 1 

South Pacific swamp-hen___________ Porphyrio poliocephalus________ if! 
Kurypygidae: 

Sua ot te rea ea A Hurypyga, tenes eee 1 
Cariamidae: 

Cariama, or seriama_____-_________ Cariama: cristata_ == ee 1 
Otididae: 

Kori -bustard.— nee tse wees Hupodotis kori_____-_______-____ 2 

Senegal -bustard.sie see Hupodotis senegalensis__________ 1 

CHARADRIIFORMES 

Jacanidae: 

Common jacana sa sei ae EE Jacana spinosa______ 22 a aes 3 
Haematopodidae: 

Oystercatchers 22 es Se Rake ta a ee Haematopus ostralegus_________ 1 
Charadriidae: 

Australian banded plover___________ Zonifer tricolor. 22 ee 2 

Huropean lapwing______-______2 Vanellus vanellus_________-___- 3 

South American lapwing____________ Belonopterus cayennensis_______ 4 

Crocodile! bird] 222 eee eae Pluvianus aegyptius____________ v4 
Recurvirostridae: 

Black-necked stilt___.______________ Himantopus mexicanus__--_____ iL 
Burhinidae: 

South American thick-knee_________ Burhinus bistriatus_____-__--____ afl 
Stercorariidae: 

MacCormick’s'skuae2 oo eae Catharacta skua maccormicki__- ft 
Laridae: 

Ring-billed tou lie ee eee Larus delawarensis_____----____ 3 

ESE] To ys SUM eae aT ere le LA Larus dominicanus__- ~~~ 3 

AOE nok awh aver fap Law a Ee een eae Larus atricitla.. eas 3 

ferrin gy ol) ees eae Nie ee eel Larus argentatus__.____-_____--_ 1 

Great black-backed gull_____________ Larus marinus. -.-2--2-------- 2 

Silversea lle oe we ene ee sande Larus novaehollandiae____---__- 6 

INO Od yaiere yo ai ce ae a Anous stolidus__.__.--____-_--- 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 153 


COLUMBIFORMES 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Columbidae: 
Band-tailed pigeon_________________. Coltumbariasciaia== ae 2 
High-flying Budapest pigeon_______-_. OOD UTES 1 
Black-billed pigeon________________-_ Columba nigrirostris____________ al 
Triangular spotted pigeon__________- Columba guinea___-___-_________ 2, 
Crowned) pigeon. 22 ee ee COUT COOKOUT es alt 
BWeysroundidovessoas2= = ss eee Clanavis) pretiosa= === a 4 
Rvddyascroundidovyes. 222s lsn ree Chamaepelia rufipennis_________ al 
Indian emerald-winged tree dove____- Chalcophaps indica_._.__________ 8 
Bleeding-heart dove_________---__-_- Gallicolumba luzonica___________ al 
aN NC OV Cae ee ea Geopelia cuneata_______________ 1 
Plain-breasted ground dove_________. Columbigallina minuta__________ 8 
Groundldoves= ee ae Columbigallina passerina________ 2 
Ring-necked dove____-_-----------.- Streptopelia decaocto___________ 5 
Blue-headed ring dove___-_-------~_-. Streptopelia tranquebarica______ 2) 
White-winged dove______----------- LENCO OSG CO es 1 
Mourning -dovess2 ieee Peo eSe Zenaidura macroura_-—_--------- 1 
PSITTACIFORMES 
Psittacidae : 

INC ABD AIO bea oe ee oe eee NESTOR NOLODU Se eee ee 2 
ECC Cael O Ty etree a ee oe Domicella garrula______-_______ 1 
iBanksian Cockatoo - 2 —— == == Calyptorhynchus magnificus_____ 1 
NWWihitemcockatoQne ans eee IOUMROG CUT al 
Solomon Islands cockatoo___________ JEQOUGORAOO COKG RO DOs al 
Sulphur-crested cockatoo__-_---_-~- Kakatoe-gaterita 22 3 
Bare-eyed cockatoo____________--__- Kakatoe sanguinea__-__________ 3 
Great red-crested cockatoo______-__- Kakatoe moluccensis____________ 1 
Leadbeater’s cockatoo______________ Kakatoe leadbeateri____________ 6 
COC ate etre ee eee Nymphicus hollandicus_________ 6 
Yellow-and-blue macaw ____-_____-_ ATG QhOUT GUNG. ae 5 
Red-and-blue macaw________-______ AO RCILONO DUCT ee ee 4 
Red-blue-and-yellow macaw__-_______ PAG OST CL COO eee eae stan Lea eet 2 
MOT! Spell al Ca Wen ee ATG) MOTUCONG 2222-22 ee 2 
Brown-throated conure_____________ Conurus aeruginosus__._________ 11 
Wolo Gores o) ee ee Conurus solstitialis___._____._____ 1 
PetzaSm AT AKC ieee w te ee alee Aratinga canicularis____________ 2 
Rusty-cheeked parrot_______________ AROUNG OG DETLUNG Dae ae see 2 
TRO Vilipes) PTC es er ee gel a a ie Brotogeris jugularis._.______-- + 1 
Yellow-naped parrot____________-___ Amazona auropalliata__________ 2 
TOMSCeS, TORO Roe AMG@ZONG finsCht. 222 al 
Blve-tronted parrot... wena Amazona aestiva__._________ 5 
Red fronted pare tae se es ane Amazona bodini____-____- eis aL 
Double yellow-headed parrot._______ Amazona oratrig___._._. 222 4 
Black-headed, or Nanday, parrot____ Nandayus nanday_ --------___-- O 
Lineolated parakeet___________-2___ Bolborhynchus lineolatus_______ 2 
White-winged parakeet____________ Brotogeris versicolorus_____-__— if! 
AErICANG STAY DALE OU 2 ee a Psittacus ertihacus______- 222252 4 
Blossom-headed parakeet-____._____ Psittacula cyanocephala________ 9 
Greater ring-necked parakeet_______ Psiitacula eupatria._i 222 = 2 
Rose-breasted parakeet____._________ Psitiacula alexandri__.__________ 1 
Moustached parakeet__._..__________ Psittacula fasciata_____________ 1 


154 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Psittacidae—Continued 
Lesser ring-necked parakeet__--_--- Psittacula krameri_____-------- 4 
Barraband’s parakeet___-_---------- Polytelis swainsoni____-_-------- 1 
Quaker parakeet-------___---------- Myiopsitia monacha__---------- 15 
Grass parakeet22202s00 2 eee lsc ee Melopsittacus undulatus________ 4 
Rosy-faced lovebird__-------------- Agapornis roseicollis_________--- 2 
Masked lovebird________-____------- Agapornis personata_________--_ 1 
Black-headed caique, or seven-color 
Parrots 0s 2 ee Pionites melanocephala___-----_ 2 
Yellow-thighed caique_------------- Pionites leucogaster santhomeria_ 1 
CUCULIFORMES 
Musophagidae: 
Purple-headed turaco__-_---------- Gallirer porphyreolophus____---~ 1 
South African turaco___------------ Tauraco corythaivx__________-_-- 1 
White-bellied go-away bird_------- Corythaixvoides leucogaster____— 1 
Plantain-eaiter yy) 22s 2 ees Ye ke eee Crinifer africanus__________---- 1 
Cuculidae: 
DE(oYS) Upset OP ee oc Eudynamys scolopacea____---_-- 1 
ROAdrUNN ery see es se ee ee Geococcyx californianus_______- 2, 
Coucal, or crow-pheasant_____--_-~- Centropus sinensis_______------- 1 
STRIGIFORMES 
Tytonidae: 
ME SUT TNO Ue a a ee aR A PYyto GUO G2 82 OL a ee 2 
Strigidae: 
Great horned owl_____--_------_---- Bubo virginianus___--__-----_-_ 2 
Serecela (Oya ObUS (C310. 222 2 Oe 3 
Spectacled owl_-__2—---- ee Pulsatrix perspicillata_________- 1 
Malay fishing owl <2, Ketupa ketupu. 2 =) oe 1 
Snowy owl iS 4 
Rarred !Owlehss so Ucn ea pee SUID VOriG Varin. sae 9 
Burrowing owl_____----------.----- Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea__ 2 
Nepal brown wood Owls ess _._ Striv newarensis_____________- 1 
Short-eared owl___-__--_--_-_-»---- Asio flammeus____. _ yaa a 2 
“COLIIFORMES 
Coliidae : ee 
Mousebird’aig007 eave ene Colius striatus_________-------- 1 
TROGONIFORMES 
Trogonidae: 
Cuban: trogons2222 Sa re ea Priotelus temnurus___.___------- 1 
CORACIIFORMES 
Alcedinidae: 
Kookaburra 2222200 eee eee Dacelo oigas== Eee 13 
Coraciidae: 
Lilac-breasted roller______--___-__-- Coracias caudata______--------- 2 
Indian, TOL er oe wea ae eee Coracias benghalensis________--_ 2 
Bucerotidae: 
Pied “shornbills 22s ea Wise Anthracoceros malabaricus______ 1 
Coneave-casqued hornbill___________ Buceros bicornis___.__.____.-_~-~ 1 
Abyssinian ground hornbill_________-_ Bucorvus abyssinicus____------- 2 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 155 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Bucerotidae—Continued 
Leadbeater’s hornbill_______________ Bucorvus leadbeateri___________ 1 
Grayehorn billie: 22ers eae Tockus birostris_________._______ 1 
Great black-casqued hornbill________ Ceratogymna atrata____________ 1 
Malayan hornbill___________________ Aceros undulatus_______________ 1 
Crowned hornbill__________________- Tockus alboterminatus__________ 1 
Yellow-billed hornbill_______________ Tockus flavirostris____.__________ 1 
PICIFORMES 
Capitonidae: 
Asiatic great barbet____-_-__-----_--- Megalaima virens_____-_-----__- 1 
Crimson-breasted, or coppersmith, 
ES eee ae eT Megalaima haemacephala_______ 1 
oucanibarbetis2 = O22 oboe eek ew, Semnornis ramphastinus_______- 1 
Ramphastidae: 
Keel-billed toucan_______»___________ Ramphastos culminatus__.______ 2 
Sulphur-and-white-breasted toucan_._ Ramphastos vitellinus__________ 1 
PAT elRtOU CATS NRE See Se ee Ramphastos ariel______-_-_-_-_-_- 4 
@uviersitoucane = 2 es ee Ramphastos cuvieri___.___-______ 2 
Razor-billed toucanet_______________ Pteroglossus castanotis_________ 2 
Picidae: 
Golden-backed woodpecker__________ Brachypternus benghalensis____- 22 
PASSERIFORMES 
Tyrannidae: 
Kiskadee flycatcher________________- Pitangus sulphuratus___--______ 4 
Acadian flyeatcher___2.--__________. Empidonax virescens_____--____ 2 
Hastern/kingbird_ == 22 =e Tyrannus tyrannus______-----_- 1 
Pittidae: 
Ingiantpitta. 22 Se Pitia brachyura=—2- - 2 1 
Alaudidae: 
ITO ENed Markey Sse os Ne Os Eremophila alpestris______________ 24 
Corvidae: 
IVT a'o [ol eta ee ahs 2 Se AS PAC DTC Oj oa Ee 4 
Yellow-billed magpie________________ Pica nutiqutises see Se ene 1 
Asiatictree pies. ee ee Crypsirina formosae____--________ 2 
Male piew aye sates We ae i ee Calocitta formosa______-___________ 1 
1 BSE SY ee a Cyanocitta cristata_______-________ 1 
HUrOpean jaye Le a ee Garrulus glandarius______________ 2 
African white-necked crow_____-___-. OMR DUS: GUDUIS 2 
AMeriCAnNiCrO Wao ee Corvus brachyrhynchos____2=____-_ 3 
1 EYEE 18) sae aS BS Sy a ee COnvws Conde 222 eee eee Pe 
Gua ncer OW Corvus splendens_______-__-_-___ 1 
Formosan red-billed pie_____________ Cissa caerulea 2 5 
Occipital blue pie___________________ Cissa occipitatis__._________-_______ 1 
Chinese cissa, or hunting crow______ Cissa chinensis______-_____-______ 3 
MTN Cae nye neve aU ea A Xanthoura yncas_______ 1 
Paridae: 
Gray bitee sete ee OT US ING] OTe Mae eee a Eee il! 
Green-backed tit________._-_________ Parus monticolus_____._----»--- 1 
Muttedititmouse= 22s ss ses TPO) DU GOUD PR Sy 1 
Sittidae: 


Chestnut-bellied nuthatch___________ SERB. COSCO AD ae 1 


156 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Timaliidae: 
Red-eyed babbler_____--_----------- Chrysomma sinense____-_-----___~ 4 
Scimitarsbabbler2 = Pomatorhinus schisticeps__________ 1 
White-crested laughing thrush____-~ Garrulag bicolor_________=_-___ 4 
Black-headedsibia== === Heterophasia capistrata______-__ 2 
Silver-eared mesia_---____---------- Mesia argentauris________-____- 3 
Pekinvrop inte ieee So a ee Levotnnma utes. 9 
Crestedsyuling =a Yuhina fiavicollis______--= === === 2 
Pycnonotidae: 
Red-eared bulbul___________-______- Pycnonotus jocosus._- 2s al 
Black-headed bulbul____-_---------- Pycnonotus atriceps____________ 3 
Red-vented bulbul________-_-__-_---- PYCHONOLUS COfe == aan 5 
White-cheeked bulbul -_____-__-_--__- Pycnonotus leucogenys______-___ 5 
Wihite-eared) bulbuls22s2222 eee Pycnonotus lteucotis______-_____ iL 
Mimidae: 
Mockingbird) 222s eS eee Minus, polyglottos_--=-_ ss 1 
(] eas be ye a oe aU es era Dumetella carolinensis__________ 3 
Turdidae: 
NVOONG Li ol OAD US] oe ee te as ee Hylocichia mustelina_____-_____ 20 
Rosa, \(eulowbayoy)) PU AUsSMignatonis= ae il 
Huropean song thrush_____________-_ Turdus ericetorum 2 iz 
Valekiin GaSe hainieeeslns eNO Ie ame PLU OWS MERU = 2 
(Clit Clie (ales Bead ei ee a ae Thamnoleea cinnamoneiventris__— 1 
White-capped redstart______________ Chaimarrhornis leucocephalus___ il! 
Muscicapidae: 
Veriter! fycalchers 3252 ease Muscicapa thalassina___________ 1 
Bombycillidae: 
CE GH eae wy LEK ye Te a ee ace Bombyceilla cedrorum______-__~~- 2 
Sturnidae: 
Rose-colored pastor________________ PQStOT. TOSCUS2 22 eae i 
Purple) starhinige2ss sewer es eae aylet Lamprocolius purpureus__.-____ 3 
Burchell’s long-tailed starling_______ Lamprotornis caudatus________ 1 
AmethyStistarn lim gases Eases eal Cinnyricinclus leucogaster______ 1 
Tri-colored “starlings estes ie es SPTEO SUDCTOUS. 2a eee il 
Sea re 0a ee eel Ni cha dal UP Sturnus vulgaris. 22 eee 2 
Cfvb ates Keyiyaaa aya ale2y) papas Oe ke Ee ee Agridotheres tristis es 1 
Lesser hill mynaihseeee a eee ea Gracula religiosa indica________~ 3 
Greater Indian hill mynah__________ Gracula religiosa intermedia____ 2 
Nectariniidae: 
Searlet-chested sunbird_____________ Chalcomitra rubescens__________- il 
Variable isumibpin de aaee ieee Cinnyris venustus raceis________ 2, 
Searlet-tufted malachite sunbird_____ Nectarinia johnstoni____________ 2 
Beautiful” sunbird )2 2 SatGe ieee Nectarinia pulchelia____________ 1 
Purple simi rae el renee Nectarinia asiatica__________--_ 1 
MTecasse: sunbitrd =) Sewanee Nectarinia tacazze_______-___--__ if 
Zosteropidae: 
UV EEN TOS sy yer oS ah ena a ee ee Zosterops patpebrosa_____--_-__ 6 
Vireonidae: 
Red-eyed vireo.) oe tee eee Vireo olivaceus=—- 2 aes 1 
Chloropseidae: 


Blue-winged fruit-sucker___________ Chloropsis hardwickei_______--- re 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


Family and common name Scientific name. Number 
Coerebidae: 
Black-headed sugarbird__-_-------- Chlorophanes spiza_____-------- 2) 
Purplersugarbind==2s 5225 ies Cyanerpes coerulea_______-__--_ 4 
Blue, or yellow-winged, sugarbird___ Cyanerpes cyaneus____-_______- 1 
a a GU = eee a ee Coereba flaveota____- --- 22s = 1 
Parulidae: 
Kentucky warbler_____------__---__ Oporornis formosus______--_--- al 
ReCStante a= Sea Sees a Setophaga ruticillao—_____--___— 1 
Ovienbimgie ee ee Cee Seiurus aurocapillus_______-___- 2 
Ploceidae: 
Red-naped widowbird______________ Coliuspasser laticauda__________ 10 
Giantaewhy dah 22. 2s ena Diathropura procne_______--_-_ 1 
IBA OQWeAVeL ibaa SEN ae PLOCEWS 0G C2 ae aan 3 
Vitelline masked weaver____________ Ploceus vitellinus____-__-___-=-- 5 
Mialralimwieavier= === = oars steel aes Ploceipasser mahali________--_- 1 
Red bishop weaver_________________ AU DVECECS OGG a eee ee ee 1 
White-headed nun_________________ LE ONCHUGOS TCO) = 2 Sa ee a eee 4 
IHaGWE A | SHU hyese crib LE ee a Lonchura malabarica____--_---_ alt 
IBengalese  nneh.! 2 Sa eaeee AR TONCTAUT. OG Sy) sees ees ee a 6 
Cut-throat weaver finch____________ Amadina fasciata_______-_--__-- 2 
Mavengeri finch =] oie pene Estrilda coerulescens_____------ 2 
Strawberry finch ________-~_________ Estrilda amandava__—__------_~ al 
Red-eared waxbill_________________ Hstrilda astrildass st ee 1 
Common waxbill___________-_______ Esirilda troglodytes___________- 1 
VASO EY rab oYe) oye eee eas Ade emia eae enon Poephila castanotis_____________ 10 
Gouldian finch] =— Vase ae Se Poephila gouldiae______________ 1 
EVAR S OTTO Write co ote ae es POCIG OnyevvOTn dea eee 138 
Icteridae: 
Yellow-headed marshbird___________ Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus— at 
RTC Cle oaser Chl less et ke Psomocolax oryzivora__________- al 
PUEplesetackles—- 2 2 sastewled en eka! Quiscalus quisculd 2S ees 4 
Swainson!s gracklej< 2 si 5a. Holoquiscalus lugubris_________ 1 
Boat-tailed grackle_________________ Megaquiscalus major___________ all 
ClOSSyACOW DIT] es SU eee Molothrus bonariensis__________ 2 
Brown-headed cowbird_____________. WE CUOAOTOS: EG 2 
IBAVACOW DITO == erste e te piece ea MOUOENTAULS, UCC S sae 2; 
Colombian red-eyed cowbird_________ Tangavius armenti_a2 2-3 aft 
Red-winged blackbird______________. Agelaius phoeniceus_______~____ 4 
Red-breasted marshbird_____________ Leistes militaris______- pits Mere bj 8 
Thraupidae: 
allmytanaqic ers eek sa Tanagra palmarum____—-----__— 1 
BlMestanag ers Ole Lawes ee) 20 DRGOUDUS) \CONTE 2S eae es 2 
White-edged tanager_______________ Thraupis leucoptera____________ 2 
Yellow-rumped tanager_____________ Ramphocelus icteronotus________ 1 
IRAaSsenimiggy tanager se ee Ramphocelus passerinii___-_____ 1 
Maroon, or silver-beaked, tanager____ Ramphocelus jacapa____________ 3 
Scarletatanas ences ters ane Piranga olivacea___-_________ 5 
FVCCGE AT ae Cre tie ES ei lle TERS. CONOR a eS af! 
Fringillidae: 
ropicaleseed: fnchte = 22. keane Oryzoborus angpiensis___.__-___ 3 
Riceverosheaka 2) Sens Ten eels Oryzoborus crassirostris_________ 1 
Hyening erosbeak==-02. se aes ae Hesperiphona vespertina____-__ 3 


158 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Fringillidae—Continued 
Black-throated cardinal___________-- Paroaria gularis__-_-________--_ 5 
Black-eared cardinal__-_---___---~-~_.- Paroaria gularis nigro___--_---~ 1 
Cardinals ahaa Re NOR ie tee Aa Richmondena cardinalis________ 3 
Huropean inne Se Carduelis cannabina____---____ 4 
European goldfinch________________- Carduelis carduelis_-___________ 8 
European goldfinch xX canary (hy- Carduelis carduelis X WSerinus 1 
brid). canarius. 
COSEET 0161 aig ew ee IE RSS Serinus canarius________--_____ 2 
Green ineh rss fos ee eso Chloris chioriss 2 1 
Lesser yellow finch____-__-____-_--_ Sicalis luteola_________________- 2 
Safironmptin chs 225 ea eee aa Sicalis flaveola____________-____ 5 
White-lined finch___________________ Spermophila lineola_____-__-_____ 5 
European bullfinch_________________ Pyrrhula pyrrhula____--_-___~-_ 1 
Melodious grassquit____________--_- Taris. Canora. eee 1 
@haffinchi22 So eee Fringilla coelebs___________~____ 1 
Slate-colored junco_____-_--_-__-___ Junco hyemalis__________--_____ 1 
Buff-throated saltator___________-_- Saltator maximus ______________ 1 
Tawny-bellied seedeater______-_____ Sporophila minuta_-__---_--_--- 9 
Song, Sparrowe.- 2 ee eee Melospiza melodia______--______ 1 
DICK CISSE] 22 22 Ne Wes Spiza americana_____-----______ 5 
White-throated sparrow____-----_-- Zonotrichia albicollis___________ 1 
White-crowned sparrow__________-_ Zonotrichia leucophrys__________ 2; 
Yellowhammer ______---___________ EHmboeriza citrinella_____________ 1 
European bunting__________________ Emberiza calandra_______--___- 92 
Jacarini cin Che sa eee aon Volatinia jacarini______________ 5 
REPTILES 
LORICATA 
Alligatoridae: 
(Of Winnie) oWeeery aaa Ortpmintine ned NONE SOLA bana Le aay, Caiman sclerops__..______________ 3 
Blackycaim an 2a eevee iene Melanosuchus niger_______--_-_ 8 
American alligator_________________. Alligator mississipiensis__.._____ 16 
Chinese alligator___________________. Alligator sinensis______-________ B 
Crocodilidae: 
Broad-nosed crocodile_______________ Osteolaemus tetraspis___________ 2 
Atricancrocodiles=22 2 es Crocodylus niloticus____________ 3 
Narrow-nosed crocodile____________-. Crocodylus cataphractus__-____- 1 
Salt-water crocodile________________. Crocodylus porosus__—_______-___ 1 
American crocodile________________-. Crocodylus acutus_____-_--_--__-~ 1 
Gavialidae: 
Indian’ gavia OCs MRO SNA Gavialis gangeticus____________- 1 
CHELONIA 
Chelydridae: 
Snapping turtles se ee ee Chelydra serpentina____________ 20 
Alligator snapping turtle____________ Macrochelys temminckii____-____ 1 
Kinosternidae: 
Miu str tle 2s ie te ee ae Sternotherus odoratus__._______- 4 
TVG er ht ry] ea aa Kinosternon subrubrum______-_- 5 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 159 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Emydidae: 
SES OSes UT CL ore ee Terrapene carolina_____________ 91 
Three-toed box turtle______________-. Terrapene carolina_____________ 2 
Ormatebox turtle Terrapene ornata_______________ 1 
Hloridabox turtles. 222222 Terrapene bauri__________ 5 
Kura kura box turtle______________-- Cuora amboinensis_____________ 2 
Diamondback turtle________________. Malaclemys terrapin____________ 4 
Moapatuntles =. S2 os eases Graptemys geographica_________ 2 
False map turtle________________-~-- Graptemys pseudogeographica___ 2 
Barbour’s map turtle________--___-_-_. Graptemys barbouri___.________ 4 
Paintedturtles. 222222 Pe Sawa ee A CREYSEMYSDICLOU == ee ea 10 
Western painted turtle__________-__-~_ Chrysemys picta belli___________ 13 
Cumberland turtle____________-____- Pseudemys scripta troostii______ q 
South American red-lined turtle_____- Pseudemys scripta callirostris___ 2) 
Yellow-bellied turtle___-_-__-____-_-__ Pseudemys scripta scripta_._____ 15 
Red-bellied turtle__________________- Pseudemys rubriventris_________ 9 
Red-eared turtle_________-__-_-_--_-- Pseudemys scripta elegans______ 34 
Southern water turtle______________- Pseudemys floridana____________ 7 
Florida red-bellied turtle___________-_ Pseudemys nelsoni_____________ 2 
Central American turtle____________- Pseudemys ornata______________ 2 
Cuban water turtle_______________-_-. Pseudemys decussata___________ il 
Chickenyturtles ae e eS se eee Sees Deirochelys reticularia__________ 2 
Spottedjturtie==222i2 aa eee Clemmys guitelaz. es 3 
Wiioodsturtlel. 222. SS ae Clemmys insculpta______________ 5 
Iberian pond turtle________________-. Clemmys leprosa_______________ 2 
European water terrapin____________ Clemmys caspica rivulata_______ 14 
European pond turtle-___-___-------. Emys orbicularis_______________ 3 
Blandine’s turtle. 2a Ess — suse es- Emys blandingii________________ 2 
Reeves’ turtle-_____________----___. Chinemys reevesii______________ 4 
Testudinidae: 
Giant Aldabra tortoise________------ Testudo elephantina____________ 2 
Galapagos tortoise_---------_----__ UES AUD) GEO yo ea 2 
Dunean Island tortoise_______--___-- Testudo ephippium_____________ D 
South American tortoise_______---_- Testudo denticulata__..________ 5 
Siar tortoises: Slee Uli et Se INTRO) GUC 1 
Huropeanytortoises—-==---2=— =o = RESiudoug; Oecd =e deena 1 
Mountain tortoise_________________- RESTWAO MEM Sime tania nte Deanan aes D) 
Texas gopher tortoise_____---_----- Gopherus berlandieri___________ 2 
Pelomedusidae: 
mbrican) water, turtlel= —) ues teas Pelomedusa subrufa____________ 2 
African black mud turtle___________ Pelusios nigricans______________ 1 
Amazon spotted turtle__________-____ Podocnemis unifilig_____________ 2 
Chelydidae: 
South American side-necked turtle__ Batrachemys nasuta____________ D) 
Australian side-necked turtle_______ Chelodina longicollis___________ 3 
Small side-necked turtle____________ Hydromedusa tectifera_________ D) 
Large side-necked turtle____________ Phrynops hilariti_._...--- 8 
Kreits-.turtles. Us Sa eos sea) ENY CULE UTE TLite ae B} 
Murraygeturtlenss. 2ou2) Waly! Emydura macquarrii___________ 3 
South American gibba turtle________ Mesoclemmys gibba_____________ 2 
Plat-headed turtle___.._____________ Platemys platycephala__________ 3 


160 


Family and common name 
Trionychidae: 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Scientific name Number 


Southern soft-shelled turtle____-___~_ Trionyx feroe_______--__-_-____ 4 
Texas soft-shelled turtle____________ Trionyxs emoryi_.__________-___ 1 
African soft-shelled turtle______-__- Trionyx triunguis________-_____- 2 
SAURIA 
Gekkonidae: 
Giant i gecko ies see ae aise ee Gekko. stentor___________== "==" 1 
Tokay seCKk 0 his Ee ec eae Gekko: gecko=2= === st eae Ze 
Day iSOCK Os oe Mies staat eee lens teen ll Phelsuma cepedianum____---_-~- 3 
DaysPecko eee isn Wie umiae ire sears UN Phelsuma: sp22 22 a eee 2 
Iguanidae: 
Commoniiguanass 2. sw ee Iguana iguana__--------_------- alt 
Carolina fam Ole msg MN ae ena ulil telus Anolis carolinensis_____________ 50 
Texas horned lizard________________ Phrynosoma cornutum_—_—------ 10 
Hence lizard s=s=. 2s ee Ne Sceloporus undulatus___________ 2 
MOXAS x SPOUT Ys Zeiss a a Sceloporus olivaceus_.___________- 2 
Crevice spiny lizard_________-______ Sceloporus poinsetti____________ 3 
Cuban spiny lizard__.__--_=__--_ Leiocephalus varius____-___-__-_- 2, 
Collared lizard____ oo Crotaphytus collaris Sas 3 
Spiny-tailed iguanas 2s ee Ctenosaura acanthura______---- 3 
ATIVE LVan: NIZaT Ota ee ee Ameiva ameiva ameiva________-- 6 
AIM el Vial eeli Weir (iia we ee eee Ameiva ameiva praesignis_______ 1 
NE QT ed BAT Ge ee ee Hoplurus saxvicola_____-_--_-___- 2 
Chuckwalllqes 2 sen oer ee ules ne Sauromalus hispidus___--------- 1 
Scincidae: 
Mourning skink= 222s eee Egernia luctuosa_________----_-~ 2 
Wilnitte?s)) Ska c eRe ae uae Egernia whitei__________-____-~ 4 
Shirt-lined skink___________________ Humeces brevilineatus_______---~ 5 
Greater five-lined skink____________ Humeces fasciatus______=—-----__ 1 
Great Plains skink_________________ Eumeces obsoletus______--_----- 2 
Broad-headed skink________________ Humeces taticeps_____________-= il 
SAMOS ic See aaa aes Sale ee Scinus officinalis_________---_-- 2 
Stump-tailed’skink 22a ea Tiliqua rugosa... = 2 eee 1 
Matlayany skim ote eel ie Sa as Mabuya multifasciata_____----- 2 
Gerrhosauridae: 
African plated lizardav eae a eee ZOnOsaurus Sp___-- 2 ee ees 2 
Madagascar plated lizard___________ Zonosaurus madagascariensis__— 3 
Bronze plated lizard________________ Zonosaurus aeneus____--------- 1 
Plated! Ti zarr ceece Woy ei We ela Gerrhosaurus major. ___-------- alt 
Plated liga den ven2 iG swale eee Gerrhosaurus validus______----- 2 
Lacertidae: 
European green lizard______________ Hacerta viridiss2 es 9 
Kuropean green lizard______________ Lacerta strigata trilineata______ 8 
Teiidae: 
YO] OW CO San esas al Tupinambis teguexin_____------ 4 
RACE TUNMET isis eee a aaa Cnemidophorus sacki gularis___- 1 
EC I ear ae i Cp Re ea Cnemidophorus sp-------------- 3 
Cordylidae: 
South African spiny lizard__________- Cordylus vandami perkoensis__—— 2 
Varanidae: 
Dumerilsimnonitor= eee Varanus dumerili_____--------- 2 
in Gi amie Omit Ore ee ee ens Varanus flavescens_------------~ 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


161 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Varanidae—Continued 
Malayanemonitor2 222222 ieee ViGTanius SQUUGtOT= 2222 ee eee al 
Philippine monitor_________________ Varanus nuchalis________-_____- 4 
Helodermatidae : 
Gallas On Ste Ieee se ee i Heloderma suspectum___________ ift 
Mexican beaded lizard__________-__- Heloderma horridum___.----__~ al 
Beaded lizard (black phase) ___-___-- Heloderma horridum alvernensis— all 
Anguidae: 
(Gila vers TOT at a ee a Ophisaurus ventralis___________ 3 
Huropean glass lizard______________- Ophisaurus apodus_______-____- 2 
SERPENTES 
Boidae: 
PATI CONG Mies heen oe See ee ae ew Hunectes murinus_—____- af! 
CWOOKISTERCO) DOB a ee SEXO GOMES COC a Ss eee 5 
Himerald tree bO@e.2-- = == ee BOO COMMS a oS 2 
HB ODMCONS UTI ChO I= ae eee Constrictor constrictor__________ 2, 
HPC OUP Oe see el a Constrictor imperator___________ Ht 
Cubanteroundi boas == ke Tropidophis melanura__________ i 
VND OW s00dza a ee EHpicrates cenchria_________-____ 3 
Cubanwtreesboas 2-202 2a ere eee EHpicrates angulifer_____________ 3 
RSE ANCE TG Ye a a A 1OPUID (COU S ee aL 
HES aL agp yj teh) OTe eee See Se IZYGDROD COS Se 2 
Indian rock python________________ Python molurus__._-__-_______= 2, 
Revale pythons. se ee Python reticulatus______________ 5 
Acrochordidae : 
Elephant trunk snake______________ Acrochordus javanicus__________ 1 
Colubridae: 
Gin oa Sialkewssen Sari se ae Lampropeltis getulus getulus____ if! 
Speckled king snake________________ Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki__ 3 
California king’ snake___-- 2-7. Lampropeltis getulus californiae_ 1 
Florida king snake_____..--_________ Lampropeltis getulus floridana_— aft 
Sonoran king snake________________ Lampropeltis getulus splendida__ 3 
Scarletikins: snakels.= 2. eons he oe Lampropeltis triangulum doliata— iL 
Millorsnakeiarsst mice We Co ee Lampropeltis triangulum________ 1 
Tropical king snake_________________ Lampropeltis polyzonus_________ 1 
Canter sMkemen. (ue ue canst ta! Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis_____ 2 
Garter snake (melanistic phase) _____ Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis_____ 2 
Black-necked garter snake__________. Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellata___ al 
Fulbbonvsnake ken tober eet Thamnophis sauritus___________ 1 
Western hognose snake___-_________ HHCLEROMON NUSICUS me eee al 
WV COTESIA Ker tee esis Cia le MCRAE SYDECUO PA 2 
Red-bellied water snake____________. Natrie erythrogaster___________ 1 
Island water snake_________________ Natria insularums ee 2 
Huropean grass snake______________. Natrig natria natrig______-______ 4 
Huropean water snake______________ Natrigv natrig persa___-_ 2 
Brazos water snake________________. IMGRAREED [DCHAKG 2 
WACO ST) AK Gloss a ce ee Natrig harteri paucimaculata____ 2 
Diamondback water snake__________. Natria rhombifera______—___-___ 1 
Tessellated water snake_____________ I ORHRULD, HASSCCTTI EAS a 4 
Tessellated water snake (green WNatrix tessellata__.____________ B 
phase). 


GIT CO TE SIN AK eee ee RINE aoe Inlet Natriz septemvitiata 


i= 


162 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Colubridae—Continued 
Indico snakes... 052 oer ess See Drymarchon couperi__-____-____ 1 
Pilot black snake_________-_-________- Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta________ 3 
Pilot biack snake (albino) ___--__-~_-. Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta________ 1 
Cornusnakes] soe ee Elaphe obsoleta guttata_________ 2 
OX G1 AICS eS CE NSA Bea Elaphe vuipina____________----_ 2) 
Asiatic rabisnakes wuss en ee eae Elaphe taeniura____-__---_-__~-~ 2 
Lindheimer’s rat snake____________~-. Elaphe lindheimeri_____________ 1 
Great Plains rat snake_____________- Hlaphe emoryt._2- = se 2) 
@hicken snakeL222 2222000 a eee Hlaphe quadrivittata___________ 2 
Aesculapian snake____-------------. Hlaphe longissima subgrisea____ 7 
Formosan rat snake________-______- Dinodon rufozonatum___-—~______ 4 
Oshima ral snakes eee Zaocys oshimai____-_--__---____ 1 
Cat-eyed) snake22222 ease Leptodeira annulata___--______- 1 
Bila elkiimaCe rea e Ge seis es eee aN Coluber constrictor constrictor___ 1 
Buropean racer=——.= === —__-_____ Coluber jugularis caspius__-_____ 2 
European racer (melanistic phase)_ Coluber viridifiavus_____-________ 1 
Bee 5 [PH 2) ee a AI OA ta ce ee Masticophis flagellum frenatum_ 1 
Western coachwhip_____--_-_------- Masticophis flagellum testaceus__ 83 
Ring-necked) snake: 200 eee Diadophis punctatus edwardsii__ 1 
Lesser Indian rat snake___________- Hlaphe carinata________________ 9 
Hastern worm snake___________-___. Carphophis amoenus____________ 1 
DeKaly7s Snakes 2a ee Bae ee Storeria dekayt______ 222. ee 1 
Rough green snake______________~__- Opheodrys aestivus______-______ 2) 
Green whip snake_________________. Dryophis prasinus_________---_- 1 
Bulle snake wee ees ee ees ea Pituophis catenifer sayi_________ 2 
Great Basin gopher snake__________ Pituophis catenifer deserticola___ 1 
Greater Indian rat snake__________. Ptyas mucosus___--___ 4 
European malpolon___-------------. Malpoton monspessulanus_______ 2 
DOTS eep aga eee aE sl Simocephalus capensis____--____ 1 
SWOT Sra ese ae ea Lycodon flavomaculatus_________ 1 
Tantillavisnake se 2a eee sa UN, Tantilla gracilis__________=_____ 2 
Texas long-nosed snake____-_______. Rhinocheilus. lecontei tessellatus_ 2 
Formosan green snake____________-. Liopeltis major_________-____-_ 2 
Cat-eyed snake __-__---__--___--___. Hiteirodipsas sp. ----_-_ 1 
Green-headed tree snake____________. Leptophis mexicanus________..-_ 1 
Hlapidae: 
UNGLaANICOb Tae ae eee N@j@: NOj0222 2 eee 1 
Tainan Cobras ss. 258 wes aoe Naja naja atra______--___.----_ 12 
Kine 7cobranwes tise eee Ophiophagus hannah____-------~ 2 
Many-banded krait_________________. Bungarus multicinetus______--__ 10 
Crotalidae: 
Southern copperhead___---___----__ Ancistrodon contortrix contor- 1 
triz. 
Northern copperhead_______________- Ancistrodon contortriz mokeson__ 4 
Western broad-banded copperhead___. Ancistrodon contortriz laticinctus 2 
Water moceasin, or cottonmouth_____- Ancistrodon piscivorus____------ 28 
Asian snorkel viper_________________. Ancistrodon acutus_____--------~ 1 
Green palm viper___________________. Trimeresurus gramineus____-_--~ 29 
Stejneger’s palm viper______________. Trimeresurus stejnegeri________- 3 
Mamushi, or Asiatic viper___________. Trimeresurus elegans______--~-- 1 
Habu, or Asiatic viper______________- Trimeresurus flavoviridis_____-- 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


163 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 

Crotalidae—Continued 

epic hallo Ws ee es Trimeresurus okinavensis_______ 4 

Western diamondback ratilesnake____ Crotalus atrov__.-.____________ 13 

Timber rattlesnake________________-. Crotalus horridus______________ 5 

Canebrake rattlesnake______________. Crotalus atricaudatus__________ 1 
Viperidae: 

Gaboonwipers22.20 Sete Bitis gabonica__________________ 2 

Huropean viper (melanistic phase)___ Vipera berus___________________ 1 

Huropean vipers o-—-22- Vipera ammodytes meridionalis__ 1 

Huropean yipero_ 22222 ee Vipera ammodytes montandoni__ 2 

Huropean viper 2222 2 Wo Vipera ammodytes ammodytes___ 2 

Russell’s:viper-— = Vineness setlit=2 a ee 2 

AMPHIBIANS 
CAUDATA 

Amphiumidae: 

Wonzowre ele) ee ei Lae Amphiwna means___-__--___-__ 1 
Ambystomidae: 

Spotted salamander________________ Ambystoma maculatum_________ 1 
Salamandridae: 

Japanese red-bellied newt___________ Diemictylus pyrrhogaster_______ 8 

Red-spotted newt__________________ Diemictylus viridescens_________ 11 

SALIENTIA 

Bufonidae: 

AINericany toad. 28 52 oes see Bufo terrestris americanus______ 1 

Blombergis toad 22 8 ee BUjO CLOM0CT Os eee Py 

GREE a = 0210 Se LBS). OOH RO Sg 5 

Cubanetoa dices ae ee eee Bufo peltocephatus—_ 22) ee 6 
Pelobatidae: 

European spadefoot toad__________ Petlobates fuscus___________-____ 4 
Pipidae: 

Surinams toad 2225 se ee eee I BAY AXED G IY YA SAN NN NN 15 

African clawed frog______-________ Xenopus laevis________________- 4 

Congo pygmy frog__________________ Hymenochirus sp_____________-_ 2 
Leptodactylidae: 

Colombian horned frog_____________ Ceratophrys calcarata__________ 2 
Hylidae: 

Barking tree frog____...__.._______ EMO ORG OSE 3 

Green tree frog______________ JEON CHUGRA esa 1 

Cubanitree: frog. 2222 Hyla septentrionalis________-__- 8 

EKuropean tree frog_________________ TELO KOK.” CHAD CMG 8 

Grayabreeirog: | eee Wie ee eas Hyla versicolor. 22a e ee eee 2 
Microhylidae: 

Narrow-mouthed toad______________ Microhyla carolinensis_________~ 2 
Ranidae: 

Miri cam DULG fo eae ee Rang adspersa@ i222 2 1 

American bull’ frog 222 ee Rana catesbeiana________-__---- 1 

Green troga tes. ah SS ee Rana clamitans melanota___---~ 1 

EO OAT: Che Bee i ae ee ang, Diplens2 22 25 


164 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


FISHES 
NEOCERATODONTOIDEL 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Protopteridae: 
AMAR: META Protopterus annectens 2 
OSTARIOPHYSOIDEI 
Characidae: 
Deh ofa 0 ge Dyce bp Aco NRA A Ne Serrasalmus niger _______-__-__- 1 
RIVA teys2 TNT Se ee eT son LS Metynnis rooseveltii____________ 1 
LBW) Eis aL SY ee Vea a SS ea Gymnocorymbus ternetzi________ il 
Cyprinidae: 
PAE) OEM AUS) OYE es a ea SIU Re Soa Brachydanio rerio__-___________ 4 
TS CX AT ee oe see Oe tee ees Puntius partipentazona_________ Y 
White Cloud Mountain fish________. Tanichthys albonubes___________ 8 
Electrophoridae: 
ELC bel CVC ae en Hlectrophorus electricus_________ 8 
Gymnotidae: 
ANDEAN, Tombs eo Sternarchella schotti ___________ al 
CYPRINODONTOIDEI 
Poeciliidae : 
Klag-tailed suppy22 222 eee Lebistes reticulatus_..______-_-_-_._- 10 
CERT 0 Oni ses Re MG Ue AD he ea US Lebistes reticulatus__.__.________ 15 
Blacks moliemes ses ee sleet Mollienesia latipinna____________ 3 
LARA Oe TNO Xiphophorus maculatus_________ Pe 
PERCOMORPHOIDEI 
Anabantidae: 
Olbbrn oma “yen ee Anabas testudineus_____________ 3 
Cichlidae: 
JER KCOO COIN Astronotus ocellatus_____._______ 1 
Egyptian mouthbreeder ____________ Haplochromis multicolor._______ 3 
African mouthbreeder______________ Pelmatochromis belladorsalis___ 2 
PATTIE fiS hte ee nes Ole cat SUN ME iNet Pterophylium eimekei__________ 2 
Jack Dempsey fShie 2 sencaa sane Cichlasoma biocellatum_____-___ 8 
LICE So ES) REISE sere ea SD CR Hemichronis bimaculatus_____- 1 
Loricariidae: 
South American catfish____________ Plecostomus plecostomus________ 2 
ARTHROPODS 
DECAPODA 
Cenobitidae: 
Kandshermithcralb 20 minaeel aoe ea naaD Coenobita clypeatus_________---_ 23 
Gecareinidae: 
Florida blue land crab______________ Cardisoma guanhumi_____-____- 2 
ARANEIDA 
Theridiidae: 
Black-widow spider________________ Latrodecius mactans_____-------~ 1 
Aviculariidae: 
PB erent Cue 2 aie be eA ete HUrYDeLNG, Spleess22==e eee iL 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 165 


ORTHOPTERA 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Blattidae: 
Tropical giant cockroach_..____----_ Blaberus giganteus___--_______- 30 
MOLLUSKS 
PULMONATA 
Planorbidae: 
IBondesnanlicset a2 ee ee cee See Helisoma trivolwis____________-- 30 
REORGANIZATION 


A reorganization of management of the National Zoological Park 
was completed during the year. The number of departments was 
reduced from five to three, headed by the oflice of the director. 

The functions of the animal department, under Dr. W. T. Roth, 
were increased to include the veterinary and commissary divisions. 
This department also has reptile, bird, small mammal, and large 
mammal divisions. It provides for the development, identification, 
classification, and care of the zoological collection. The veterinary 
division provides medical care for the collection. The commissary 
division provides food for the animals. The duties of the reptile, 
bird, small mammal, and large mammal divisions include cleaning 
of enclosures, feeding and watering the animals, observing and in- 
specting for signs of sickness or injury, and administering prescrip- 
tions as ordered. 

A scientific research department, under J. Lear Grimmer, was 
created, and at the present time is operating with one division, the 
information and education division. A research division will be 
formed at a later date. This department provides zoological research, 
educational, and informational programs and activities. The infor- 
mation and education division designs, creates, and maintains all 
signs, enclosure labels, and directional aids (with the exception of 
police traffic signs) and prepares for publication and distribution in- 
formation about the National Zoological Park and the animal 
collection. 

The administrative services department, under Travis E. Fauntle- 
roy, Jr., includes the mechanical, police, grounds, and services 
divisions. This department provides administrative and operational 
services necessary for support of the functions of the National Zoo- 
logical Park. The mechanical division constructs, renovates, repairs, 
and maintains the buildings. The police division protects the build- 
ings, grounds, facilities, property, employees, and visitors. The 
grounds division provides gardening, tree care, and grounds main- 
tenance. The service division provides operational services, including 


166 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


procurement and supply, custodial and labor activities, transporta- 
tion service, vehicle and motorized equipment maintenance, restrooms, 
telephone switchboard, and messenger service. 


PERSONNEL 


William R. James, captain of the National Zoological Park police 
since 1953, died at the age of 62 on December 21, 1961. He had been 
an employee of the Park since 1922 and on the police force since 
1929. The quiet, efficient manner in which he handled his work won 
him the respect not only of his fellow employees but also of the 
thousands of visitors whom he befriended. 

The director was one of the 10 “outstanding young men” of the 
year in Government service to receive the Arthur Flemming Award. 

In September the director visited a number of western zoos to study 
new construction in connection with the forthcoming construction 
program at the National Zoological Park. He also attended the an- 
nual conference of the American Association of Zoological Parks 
and Aquariums in Rochester, N.Y., and was elected secretary of the 
association for 1961-62. 

Two new positions were filled: Dr. Waldfried T. Roth became gen- 
eral curator of the National Zoological Park on August 7, 1961; 
Miss Marion McCrane was appointed zoologist on April 17, 1962. 
She has been assigned to the information and education division 
and is working on a project to design new labels for the entire 
collection. 

Dr. James F. Wright, appointed veterinarian at the Zoo on Au- 
gust 5, 1957, resigned on June 30, 1962, to take a position in the U.S. 
Public Health Service. In addition to his regular duties in the 
Park, Dr. Wright has made a valuable contribution to the study of 
the projectile syringe and its use in capturing and treating wild 
animals. 

Tony Wallace, who came to the Zoo as a mason November 27, 1933, 
retired May 26, 1962; and George Schmedegaard, an animal keeper 
since April 10, 1948, retired June 30, 1962. Samuel Beeler, animal 
keeper, was recalled to military service on September 30, 1961. 

Thomas Schneider, animal keeper, was promoted to medical 
technologist. 

In the fiscal year 1962 there were 205 authorized positions in the 
Zoo: Administrative office, 17, an increase of 1 (zoologist) ; animal 
department, 80, an increase of 4 (1 commissary steward, 2 night 
keepers, 1 biologist) ; mechanical department, 64, an increase of 3 
(1 subjourneyman, 2 laborers); police department, 33; grounds 
department, 11. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 167 
FRIENDS OF THE NATIONAL ZOO 


The Friends of the National Zoo, a group of civic-minded citizens, 
continued their interest in the development and expansion of the 
Zoo. Robert McLaughlin, former Commissioner of the District of 
Columbia, was elected president of the organization. Its member- 
ship has been kept informed on plans for the modernization of the 
Zoo, and at a luncheon on February 21 the director showed the 
Friends the master plan for a 10-year capital outlay program for 
the Zoo. 

The Friends are actively backing plans for a “Breeding Zoo” in 
this country, to be established possibly as a cooperative venture by 
American zoos under the direction of the Federal Government, and 
John Perry, former president of the Friends, contributed an article 
to the Saturday Evening Post (April 7, 1962) dealing with the ne- 
cessity of some sort of “Operation Rescue” for animals now threatened 
with extinction. 

From June 1 to June 10 the Friends sponsored a “Home Show for 
Birds,” which took place outside the birdhouse. The many types of 
birdhouses, feeding stations, and bird baths displayed attracted much 
favorable attention, not only from visitors but also from the native 
wild birds. 

On June 6 the Friends gathered for their annual night visit of 
the Park, and saw many of the animals under nocturnal conditions. 


INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 


The Zoo continues to handle a large correspondence with persons 
all over the world and from every part of this country who write to 
the Zoo, as a national institution, for information regarding animals, 
proper diet, or treatment of disease. Visitors to the office as well as 
to the animal exhibits are constantly seeking information. 

An innovation this year was the showing of films made of Zoo 
animals over the new educational TV station in Washington, Station 
WETYV, channel 26. Five programs dealing with mammals, birds, 
reptiles, and amphibians were beamed to the children of Maryland, 
Virginia, and the District of Columbia. Lulu, the baby chimpanzee, 
appeared on a Science Program entitled “Space,” and her keeper, 
Mr. Gallagher, spoke of the contributions chimpanzees have made to 
space travel. One of this year’s lion cubs appeared on channel 4, 
WRC-TYV, with M. Brown, keeper in charge of the lion house. 

The director addressed the annual meeting of the Dallas (Tex.) 
Zoological Society on October 23, 1961. He also gave two radio 
talks and several illustrated lectures to local clubs and civic organi- 
zations, as well as a lecture on the white tiger to a Smithsonian 

658366—62——_12 


168 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Institution seminar. He assisted WMAL-TV in taping a Zoo pro- 
gram, which was broadcast on April 14, and advised Parthenon 
Pictures of Hollywood on the Zoo section of a travel film they were 
making of Washington, D.C. 

Dr. James F. Wright gave many illustrated talks on the use of the 
projectile syringe in immobilizing or treating wild animals. Among 
the groups he addressed were the School of Veterinary Medicine, Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania; the Zoo Veterinary Association of the Ameri- 
can Veterinary Medical Association, meeting in Detroit, Mich.; the 
Veterinary Pathology group of the Armed Forces Institute of 
Pathology; Biological Society of Washington; Grayson Laboratory 
personnel of the University of Maryland. 

Sgt. Marvin Jones, U.S. Army, now stationed at Fort Myer, made 
a signal contribution to the history of the Zoo by reorganizing the 
card catalog of mammals in the collection since 1888 and publishing 
a mimeographed list giving the scientific name, common name, date 
when each species was first exhibited, date of the first birth of a species 
in the collection, and designating by an asterisk the animals still living 
in the Zoo on June 30, 1962. 

Ordinarily the Zoo does not conduct guided tours of the Park, but 
exceptions were made for three groups of handicapped children and 
adults. Mrs. Perle Mesta and Miss Jane Russell sponsored the visit 
on June 18 of 52 children from WAIF (World Adoption Inter- 
national Foundation). The occasion was the adoption of the 10,000th 
child by American parents under this foundation. 

On July 13, 1961, 1,842 foreign students from 50 different countries 
toured the Zoo; on May 12, 1962, the school patrol, consisting of 
6,336 students from all parts of the country, came to the Park follow- 
ing their annual parade on Constitution A venue. 

The Virginia Herpetological Society held its annual meeting in 
the reptile house on August 11, 1961. The American Society of 
Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, holding its 42d Annual Meeting 
in Washington, came to the Zoo on Sunday morning, June 17, and 
about 100 scientists were shown the reptile house before the regular 
visiting hours. 


REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN 


In the Annual Reports for 1960 and 1961 reference was made to 
the similarity, both clinically and pathologically, of a central nervous 
system syndrome occurring in monkeys at the Park to the “Acute 
Amaurotic Epilepsy” described by Langdon and Cadwallader in 1915 
and Van Bogaert and Scherer in 1985. Since the last Annual Report 
four additional cases have been seen clinically in young monkeys, one 
of which was euthanized for viral isolation studies, the others being 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 169 


still under observation. The euthanized individual was an 8-month- 
old female sooty mangabey (Cercocebus fuliginosus); the three 
monkeys under observation are two 10-month-old Barbary apes 
(Macaca sylvanus), one male and one female, and one hybrid macaque 
(ML. philippinensis X M.trus). ‘Tissues were also taken for viral iso- 
lation attempts from two black-crested mangabeys (Cercocebus ater- 
vimus) with histories of at least one CNS seizure. One of these 
monkeys was apparently blind without visible defect in the eyes, and 
both seemed normal in all other respects. 

Although no viral agents were isolated from the black-crested 
mangabeys mentioned above, the histopathological sections of the blind 
animal showed enough lesions in the optic nerve to account for its 
blindness. It has not been determined what was responsible for these 
lesions although they appear to be of long standing. No viral agent 
has been demonstrated in the tissues from the 8-month-old sooty 
mangabey described above. All viral isolation attempts included 
culture and intracerebral mouse and hamster inoculation. 

The three remaining young macaques still under observation have 
been free from seizures and any other abnormal clinical signs for ap- 
proximately 3 months. 

The virus isolation attempts were performed by Dr. Anthony Mor- 
ris, chief of the Section on Respiratory Viruses of the Laboratory of 
Virology and Rickettsiology, Division of Biologics Standards, Na- 
tional Institutes of Health. 

From the past 4 years’ experience with this condition, several facts 
became apparent. First, the condition has occurred only in Old 
World monkeys, the Cercopithecidae (except for one gibbon, Hylo- 
bates sp.). It has involved the genera Macaca, Cercocebus, Cercopt- 
thecus, and Hylobates (one case), with the genus A/acaca most often 
noted. Second, there seems to be no relation to the habitat of the ani- 
mal, some cases appearing in a closed exhibit building, others in all- 
season outdoor cages, and one case in a monkey that had been raised 
in a keeper’s home from the day of birth. Third, the condition is 
first seen when the animal is usually less than a year old. Both sexes 
have been affected but females predominate. Fourth, those animals 
which have died usually did so after the first or second noted CNS 
seizure. Several animals which had one or two seizures in their first 
year have been followed until age 214 without report of additional 
seizures and without apparent blindness. Fifth, in none of the cases 
has there been any diarrhea during or after the seizure, nor had there 
been any evidence of inappetence. Some animals which had been 
eating at the onset of the seizure began to eat again within minutes 
after the attack, and there was no animal noted that did not eat within 
the day. 


170 § ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


In spite of the previous points, the histopathological and microbio- 
logical studies to date on these monkeys seem to support the premise 
that the condition is not infectious but probably toxic. At this time 
the possibility of lead poisoning cannot be completely ruled out. 

Parasites.—Identification of parasites from the animal collection 
was made by the Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory of the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture. The nematodes, acanthocephalids, and 
linguatilids were identified by M. B. Chitwood; trematodes, ticks, and 
mites by Dr. A. McIntosh; and cestodes by W. W. Becklund. 

Bacteriology.—luberculosis was found to be the cause of death in 
four animals, two bighorn sheep, a female wisent, and an aged female 
gaur. The infections in the bighorn sheep and the gaur were classi- 
fied as the bovine type of organism by Dr. A. G. Karlson, of the Mayo 
Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 

Dr. J. R. Wadsworth of the Department of Animal Pathology of 
the University of Vermont continued to assist the Zoo with his inter- 
pretation of suspected tumor tissues from the collection. 

Whenever possible, hearts and large vessels of necropsy specimens 
are saved for Dr. Thomas Perry, of the George Washington Uni- 
versity School of Medicine, for his study of comparative pathology 
of these organs. 

Dr. F. R. Lucas, director of the Livestock Sanitary Laboratory, Cen- 
treville, Md., provided clinical laboratory services and microscopic 
tissue reports. 

Dr. K. F. Meyer, of the George Williams Hooper Foundation of 
the University of California, assisted the Park by determining the 
complement fixation titers of quarantined psittacine birds to the 
psittacosis antigen. He also advised the Park on a feeding and treat- 
ment regimen for all quarantined birds. 

Black-bear project.—At the request of the National Park Service, a 
field trip was made to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 
early August 1961 to instruct park personnel in the use of the Cap- 
Chur equipment. Each year in several of the National Parks “rogue” 
bears cause personal injuries to visitors and thousands of dollars in 
property damage. Usually the park personnel know the individual 
troublesome bears by sight, but the culvert trap method of removing or 
translocating the bear is not always successful. Furthermore, a trou- 
blesome bear once trapped and returned is most likely to be trap shy. 
During approximately 6 days of field work, 20 free-ranging American 
black bears were injected, using the Cap-Chur equipment. Five indi- 
viduals were underdosed and did not react to the drug; one syringe 
did not inject because of mechanical difficulties; and two bears escaped 
trom the area during the latent period of the drug and so it could not 
be determined whether the dose was effective. Five bears were immo- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 171 


bilized and released after measurements, one crippled bear was im- 
mobilized and euthanized, and six were immobilized, placed in the 
mobile culvert traps, and translocated to the extreme boundary of the 
park. The drug used in these immobilization procedures was suc- 
cinylcholine chloride; the estimated average immobilizing dose was 
0.46 mg. per pound of estimated body weight, the average latent period 
of the drug was 2 minutes, and the average recovery period was 15 
minutes. No difficulties were encountered from overdosage, and the 
animals usually showed very little reaction to the injection. Almost 
all immobilizations were completely carried out from the main high- 
way which runs through the park. This field work served to support 
earlier theories that the bear (including all species) is the ideal subject 
for immobilization with the drug succinylcholine chloride. The re- 
gional director, National Park Service, commented on the project: 
“The results and conclusions of these tests as reported indicate that 
the method shows promise as a practicable means of capturing dan- 
gerous or nuisance bears for relocation or other disposition.” 

Following are the statistics for the mortality rates at the Zoo during 
the past fiscal year and a table of comparison with the past 7 fiscal 
years: 

Mortality, fiscal year 1962 


Total mortality, 
past 7 years 


Cause Reptiles} Birds | Mammals 

No autopsy for sundry reasons !______- 155 121 S20 elObOe ees 618 
Attrition (within 7 days after arrival)__| () 2 2 EO 57a 549 
Imternsidiseasesss 4a as. oe eee 54 66 AH | NOSSa sas 550 
Imfects diseases 4. i. 2-222 eee bee 2 28 An elO 5 On see 472 
PAT ASL CS Meme mene oe wen it a al a IPA aes a 1960 22-22 532 
Inguriessaccidentsee 26-82 ee ese es 1 5 20 | OG 517 
Hinhhiamas tamer «scuets  e MES ater eae 1 (Ghul es tery aseibbees as 

MI Gales opie Nie A eh ree 219 245 120 | 1962_____ 584 


1 Reasons include preserving of intact specimen for Museum and research, progressed decomposition, 
insufficient remains in case of predators, et al. 

2 No figures available. 

3 Internal diseases include acute and chronic diseases of lung, liver, kidney, and heart, and intestinal 
ailments other than parasite involvement, as well as CNS disorders. 

4 Infectious diseases include TB, viremia, toxoplasmosis, coccidiosis, et al. 


The only fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) in the United States, as far 
as was known, died on January 6, 1962. This largest of the Malagasy 
carnivores was acquired from Ivan T. Sanderson on October 6, 1954, 
as a fully adult specimen and showed obvious signs of senility during 
his last years at the Zoo. Post-mortem findings indicated no specific 
disease but rather a general physical deterioration due to old age. 


172 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The horned toad (Ceratophrys ornata) mentioned in last year’s 
Annual Report died on August 7, 1961. This specimen had been col- 
lected by the National Zoological Park Expedition to Argentina and 
was received in the Zoo June 27, 1939. It died after 22 years 1 month 
11 days in captivity. 

A Malay fishing owl (etupa ketupu), collected as an adult by the 
National Geographic Seciety-Smithsonian Expedition to Netherlands 
East Indies in 1987, died on June 24, 1962, after 24 years 8 months 26 
days in the collection. 


COOPERATION 


At all times special efforts are made to maintain friendly contacts 
with other Federal and State agencies, private concerns and indi- 
viduals, and scientific workers for mutual assistance. Asa result, the 
Zoo receives much help and advice and many valuable animals, and 
in turn it furnishes information and, whenever possible, animals it 
does not need. 

In cooperation with the State Department, a bald eagle was sent to 
Berlin, to be presented by Attorney General Robert Kennedy to the 
West Berlin Zoo. 

Through the cooperation of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a 
number of waterfowl were obtained for the Zoo. Senior keeper W. 
Widman made a trip to Washington, N.C., to collect a pair of swans 
and a number of ducks. 

Special acknowledgment is due George Kirk and John Pulaski, in 
the office of the Dispatch Agent in New York City, and Stephen KE. 
Lato, Dispatch Agent in San Francisco, who are frequently called upon 
to clear shipments of animals coming from abroad, often at great 
personal inconvenience—late at night, or on a weekend. 

When it is necessary to quarantine animals coming into this coun- 
try, they are taken to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s station 
in Clifton, N.J. During the past year Dr. B. C. Swindell and Andy 
Goodel, two of the officials stationed there, have been most cooperative 
in keeping the National Zoologica] Park informed as to the well-being 
of animals and birds being held there for quarantine. 

The reptile division is frequently called upon by hospitals or police 
for help in identifying snakes or snake bites. This year senior keeper 
M. DePrato collaborated with Dr. George B. Rabb of the Chicago 
Zoological Society by assembling information on crocodilians to be 
published in book form. The division also helped the Navy take 
photographs of all poisonous snakes and lizards in the collection, these 
to appear in a field manual for Navy personnel. 

Perhaps the most important project undertaken by the reptile di- 
vision was in cooperation with Dr. Bert N. Ladu and Dr. Jerome J. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT Wd 


Kamm, National Institutes of Health, in connection with a biochemical 
study of snake venom. NIH was particularly interested in venom 
from an Asiatic pit viper and arranged for 20 specimens to be sent 
to the National Zoological Park and cared for in the reptile house. 
The habus (Z’rimeresurus) of three different species arrived on Sep- 
tember 15, and were milked by Mr. DePrato and keeper Lee D. 
Schmeltz. National Institutes of Health reported : “Research workers 
made use of Z'rimeresurus flavoviridis venom in biochemical experi- 
ments. ‘The venom from this species contains an agent, still unidenti- 
fied, which is not found in other venoms. This agent has the ability 
to digest or solubilize the walls of submicroscopic particles [micro- 
somes| of mammalian liver. Microsomes contain enzyme systems 
which metabolize many types of drugs, such as barbiturates, analge- 
sics, and hypnotics, but biochemical studies on these enzyme systems 
have been handicapped because the microsomal particles could not be 
solubilized by other methods. Making this venom available to NIH 
biochemists will permit them to accomplish this important step and 
thereby learn more about how drugs are metabolized in the liver.” 

The National Zoological Park arranged a large-scale shipment of 
American mammals and birds for the new zoo of Delhi, India. The 
general curator of the animal department accompanied the shipment 
and safely delivered 2 coyotes, 2 porcupines, 2 coatimundis, 2 foxes, 
1 bear, 1 paca, 1 ocelot, 2 raccoons, 2 opossums, 2 whistling swans, 3 
Virginia deer, 2 bison, and 2 pumas, and during the absence of the 
director of the Delhi Zoo instructed the zoo personnel there in the 
maintenance and husbandry requirements of this collection. Arrange- 
ments for the shipment were made by the Ambassador of the United 
States to India, the Honorable J. Kenneth Galbraith. Fred Stark, 
director of the San Antonio (Tex.) Zoo, contributed the pair of bison, 
and Walter Stone, director of Franklin Park Zoo in Boston, Mass., 
supplied the porcupines, bear, paca, ocelot, and coatimundis. The Vir- 
ginia deer were a contribution from the West Virginia Game Commis- 
sion. The remainder of the stock came from the collection at the 
National Zoo. 

The director of the Zoo and the general curator spent 2 days in 
Boston as consultants for the Franklin Park Zoo and the Middlesex 
Fells Zoo in Stoneham, Mass., both of which are planning new 
construction. 

The office of forest fire prevention, U.S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, installed a new exhibit at Smokey Bear’s cage consisting of a set 
of large photographs showing the devastation caused by forest fires 
and the capture of a small singed bear. In a glass case are Smokey’s 
hat, belt, trousers, shovel, and a jug of honey. This was in answer to 
the complaints frequently heard from small children who had expected 
Smokey to be dressed as a forest ranger. 


174 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Animals that die in the Zoo are offered to the U.S. National Museum. 
This year 23 animals were sent to the Museum and there preserved 
as scientific specimens. If the Museum does not need the animals, 
they are sent on request to research workers in other institutions. 

The Zoo cooperated with the National Capital Parks and lent small 
animals to Park naturalists and to the Nature Center in Rock Creek 


Park for demonstration. 
VISITORS 


Work continued on developing a new method of estimating total 
visitor attendance, as mentioned in last year’s Annual Report. This 
is being done in cooperation with Albert Mindlin and Sidney Staro- 
bin, statisticians of the management office of the District of Columbia. 


Number of bus groups visiting the Zoo in fiscal year 1962 


Locality Number | Number Locality Number | Number 

of groups | in groups of groups | in groups 

Alallp ania ays eae 26 1, 180 || Mississippi__________ 6 246 
INARI Basso bees 1 26 || New Hampshire___-_- 3 115 
Connecticut_________ 8 374 || New Jersey__------__ 29 1, 102 
Delaware__=-______- 12 469 || New York_-___.__-=- 236 | 7, 874 
District of Columbia_ 204 7, 762 || North Carolina__--__- hss I} (6, 13y 
IMO ope 83 BIO POIs 2c ses wane Sa eee 51 1, 939 
Georgia sae ae 90 3, 750 || Pennsylvania______-- 333 | 13, 261 
Mlinoish= seek es 12 442 || Rhode Island______-_- 14 585 
Indiangs. ses .= 2 aa 4 170 || South Carolina_-___-_- 51 2, 130 
Kangasti. soaee ie ei 1 40 || Tennessee___.-_.._-2- 45 1, 807 
Kentuckye2 = 535 eee 6 232) hexase i. Sock le eae 1 48 
Mowisiana iss =2 eet 1 aV4 il) Weenies ee 3 111 
IA eh osha aoe pes a 8 PkeXa) [fe \aneegha ee ee 844 | 34, 255 
IManylandae seat an 1, 154 | 45, 880 || West Virginia_______- 86 | 3,473 
Massachusetts_______ 13 438 || Wisconsin..________- 16 527 
Michigan ays ieenieet 2 38 1, 492 ——_——__]}——_—- 
Minnesotan=s2- 222 2 90 otal se 3, 459 |140, 390 


Brazilicsi i ko meet 1 215 Japan 2222 Aaa eee 1 30 
Canada ices se aes 1 SOy li Woreae sess eee 1 37 
Denmarks 2) once 1 ZIG NOT ways -2 ee 2 68 
Bram Cele) alae ee 1 30 || Foreign students_-____ 54 1, 842 
Germany pen sateen 1 17 SS 

Total: 900 wae 64] 2,113 


About 2 p.m. each day the cars then parked in the Zoo are counted 
and listed according to the State or country from which they come. 
This is, of course, not a census of the cars coming to the Zoo but is 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 175 


valuable in showing the percentage of attendance by States of people 
in private automobiles. Many District of Columbia, Maryland, and 
Virginia cars come to the Zoo to bring guests from other States. The 
tabulation for the fiscal year 1962 is as follows: 


Percentage Percentage 
MWiansylam disse shee ees eee 33. 2 Massachusetts ~----_-_--_-___ 0.8 
Wall Qiao Ps ae ee 23.6 Connecticut} === aes .6 
District of Columbia ~_______-_~_ 20. 6 South Carolina ___-___________ .6 
Pennsylvanians. ee eee 4,1 Cabifornig ees 2 S2 aes eee 5) 
ING WAGE kel ae So 2.6 WWMM OMS eee eo eke ee Cai eels as) 
NON Ckhohit) Soe ee 2.0 Michigans! <2 eid aaa 5 
ING WAUCESCY tees = 2 ae 1.3 Mennessee -3 22 ta ese Ss 53) 
Ohio ees et ee ee 1.3 Georeia wees os ilae ee eS Ber 4 
OL Cages ee ee eee eS alee Mya Vea Sines ee 2 er Se 4 
\WGSie. \Wabyeainig) Goa ee ee 1.1 Mab amayievene ses ue ee 58 


The remaining 4 percent came from other States, Canada, Canal 
Zone, England, France, Germany, Guam, Japan, Mexico, Nova Scotia, 
Panama, and Puerto Rico. 

On the days of even small attendance there are cars parked in the 
Zoo from at least 15 States, the District of Columbia, and foreign 
countries. On average days there are cars from about 22 States, the 
District of Columbia, and foreign countries; and during the periods of 
greatest attendance the cars represent no less than 34 different States 
and countries. 

POLICE DEPARTMENT 


After the death of Capt. William R. James (see p. 166), who had 
been commanding officer of the police force since 1952, Lt. C. R. Brink 
was promoted to the rank of captain on March 4, 1962. Lt. J. R. 
Wolfe, who joined the department in 1946, was appointed executive 
officer. KE. A. King and D. B. Bell were promoted from sergeant to 
lieutenant, and A. S. Kadlubowski and C. S. Grubbs were promoted 
from private to the rank of sergeant. 

A notable improvement in the police department was the installa- 
tion of a two-way radio hookup between the station and the police car. 
This new means of communication has facilitated stronger law 
enforcement. 

The practice of using temporary men during the busy season (April 
to October) continues to prove a highly satisfactory arrangement. 
Otherwise, the ever-increasing number of special details and assign- 
ments would result, at times, in reducing the number of regular officers 
available for patrol duty. 

The total number of visitors stopping in the police station for in- 
formation of various sorts was 9,027. 

The police pistol range has been improved by the erection of a 7- 
foot-high safety fence on all sides. A request from the chief of 


176 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


domestic operations division, Office of Security, Department of State, 
for the use of the pistol range was granted and a weekly program has 
been put into operation. 

Pvt. G. R. Nicoloff was assigned as a permanent rider of the mounted 
section, making a total of four mounted officers. This will imsure 
having two men riding each day to give better patrolling along the 
creek, and a horseman assigned to patrol the bridle paths and isolated 
wooded areas on Sundays and holidays. ‘The mounted color guard 
continues to participate in local parades. 

Sgts. A. L. Canter and C. S. Grubbs received citations in March 
from the American Red Cross for services rendered as first-aid in- 
structors. The total number of first-aid cases handled by police 
throughout the year was 1,004. 

Juvenile arrests totaled 115. A special file has been set up to handle 
this increase in petty misbehavior acts by juveniles. Fifty-three 
truant children were picked up, and appropriate action was taken ; and 
196 lost children were returned to their parents or school groups. The 
police also have charge of lost and found articles; whenever these are 
claimed by their owners they are returned, but 26 pairs of eyeglasses 
and sunglasses were sent to the Society for the Prevention of Blind- 
ness, and 8 bags of clothing and miscellaneous articles, unclaimed, were 
turned over to the Goodwill Industries. 

The police department is closely associated with the Metropolitan 
Police Department of the District of Columbia, the U.S. Park Police, 
and police departments of nearby counties of Maryland and Virginia. 
The department has been aided by the D.C. Chapter, American Red 
Cross, which has assigned personnel to the Zoo on such days as Easter 
Monday, School Boy Patrol Day, and other times when unusually 
large crowds of children are expected. The assistance given by the 
Red Cross in treating minor injuries (such as skinned knees and insect 
bites) is greatly appreciated. The District of Columbia Fire Depart- 
ment Ambulance and Rescue Squad responds to calls for transporting 
sick or injured persons to local hospitals when necessary. 

An article on the activities of the National Zoological Park police 
appeared in “Policeman’s Association News” for October 1961. 


SAFETY SUBCOMMITTEE 


The National Zoological Park safety subcommittee, consisting of 
Lt. John R. Wolfe, chairman; Dr. James F. Wright, administration 
office; Capt. C. E. Brink, police department; Bert J. Barker, animal 
department; Reily Straw, maintenance and construction; Michael 
Dubik of the grounds department; and Mrs. W. M. Holden of the 
Smithsonian Institution, secretary, held monthly meetings to suggest, 
discuss, and make recommendations to the director on safety 
improvements. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT a7, 


The safety manuals for the animal, grounds, and maintenance de- 
partments are printed and in effect. The police safety manual is in 
press. Each employee is issued a copy of a safety manual and is re- 
_ sponsible for carrying out the prescribed safety measures. 

The safety improvements program was continued during the year 
with the cooperation of the District of Columbia Department of Build- 
ings and Grounds. The hazardous unbroken flight of steps from 
the main bear line to the seal pool was removed and other access pro- 
vided under this program. The roofs on both wings of the reptile 
house were replaced and roof ventilators were installed to correct the 
poor air circulation in the visitor area. Also included in the program 
was the replacement of 890 square yards of walkway pavement, 5,431 
lineal feet of fencing, and handrails on all steps throughout the Park 
having three or more risers. 

Among the miscellaneous safeguards installed during the year were 
a blinker stoplight at the small door to the reptile house basement; 
lanterns provided to the shop to mark excavations in progress; rein- 
forcement of the guard railing outside the elephant house; new sum- 
mer and winter doors for the front of the lion house; exit lights in 
the small mammal building, reptile house, and monkey house. New 
traffic signs were put up, and all traffic and crosswalk lines were 
repainted. 


MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION, AND GROUNDS 


The work of the maintenance and construction department varied 
from picking up and disposing of the ever-increasing amount of refuse 
and trash to major construction necessary in maintaining the existing 
buildings and grounds and providing new shelters and enclosures for 
the animals exhibited. 

The giraffe cage, both inside and out, at the elephant house, was 
completely rebuilt for the Masai giraffes received on September 30, 
1961. Ironwork in the cage and partitions was redesigned so as to 
eliminate all wood, a possible source of contamination; the ground in 
the outside cage was removed to a depth of 6 inches and replaced; 
inside and outside cages were steam cleaned and sterilized prior to 
repainting. 

Reconstruction of the main bear line, started in 1960, was continued 
during the summer of 1961. Two new partition walls were built, 
designed to conform with those built during the previous years except 
that pneumatically-placed concrete was used in lieu of poured-in-place 
concrete, with resulting savings in time, labor, and material. Five 
pools were repaired, the largest of which was practically rebuilt, again 
using sprayed or gunned rather than poured concrete. The wooden 
beds in all dens were replaced. 


178 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


The puma house came in for its share of the maintenance program. 
The west half of the inside wooden dens was removed and rebuilt. 
Outside, concrete paving and copings were repaired or replaced. 

The downstairs office rooms in the east wing of the administration 
building, more than 100 years old, were refurbished following the re- 
placement of the wood floor which had yielded to the onslaught of time 
and termites. Asphalt tile over the new concrete, an acoustical tile 
ceiling, and repainted walls and woodwork were included in the 
project. At the request of the division of political history of the 
Smithsonian Institution, a window pane from one of the upstairs 
rooms was removed and taken to the Institution. Visitors to the 
house had scratched political slogans on the glass with diamonds: 
“Down with Hickory’s enemies”; “Huzzah for Old Hickory”; “Old 
Hickory Forever.” One was dated 1827. 

The large second-floor room at the reptile house was redone and 
made suitable for use as an auditorium. 

The rewiring of the small mammal house was completed. A new 
main electrical distributing panel and a separate panel for the motors 
operating the ventilating system and heating controls were included 
in the rewiring. 

A welcome improvement to the Park was the development of a 
large picnic area south of and adjoining the restaurant. 

The grounds department continued to plant and service trees. A 
snow fence was put up in certain areas to deter visitors from trampling 
on newly planted shrubbery. Logs were used to terrace banks and 
protect them from erosion. It was the work of this department to 
remove excess soil and debris after construction jobs were done. The 
department continued to provide perches, hollow logs, and forage for 
the animals. 

Agencies which provided the Zoo with plants in exchange for com- 
post included the U.S. Plant Introduction Center, the D.C. Water 
Department, the National Arboretum, Walter Reed Hospital, the U.S. 
Botanical Gardens, and the Bureau of Naval Weapons. 


PLANS FOR THE FUTURE 


A master plan for the development and growth of the National 
Zoological Park was submitted by the architectural and engineering 
firm of Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall on September 11, 1961. 
This plan was accepted in principle by the director and by the Board 
of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. It also received the en- 
dorsement of the National Capital Planning Commission and the 
Fine Arts Commission. 

Plans and specifications for the first phase of the reconstruction 
are now being prepared. Work under this phase will consist of a 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 179 


modernization of the existing birdhouse and the adjacent outside 
exhibit areas, and the construction of an east-west perimeter road 
which will ultimately take the automobile traffic from the center of 
the Park. 

The director and the staff of the National Zoological Park are 
working with the architects and engineers in furnishing requirements 
and design criteria to be followed in the development of the Zoo. An 
experimental panel employing the use of high tensile strength wires 
stretched vertically with no horizontal ties so as to be almost invisible 
to the viewer, yet contain the exhibited birds, has been installed be- 
tween two of the hawk cages. Various species of birds will be put 
into this experimental enclosure to determine the optimum spacing 
of the vertical wires. 

Plans were made by the National Capital Parks for the relocation 
of Beach Drive from the west side of Rock Creek to the east side, 
tunneling under the hill where the administration building stands. 
Certain limited areas of land on the east side of the creek will be 
turned over to National Capital Parks. This will provide a 24-hour, 
all-weather, north-south road connecting Potomac Parkway and Rock 
Creek Park. It will not be within the boundary or jurisdiction of the 
National Zoological Park. Work will be started in the next fiscal year. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Tueoporrt H. Reep, Director. 

Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area 


Sir: It gives me pleasure to present herewith the annual report on 
the Canal Zone Biological Area for the fiscal year ended June 80, 
1962. 

SCIENTISTS, STUDENTS, AND OBSERVERS 


Following is the list of 85 scientists, students, and observers who 
made use of the Canal Zone Biological Area facilities on the main- 
land and/or visited Barro Colorado Island last year and stayed for 
several days in order to conduct scientific research or observe the wild- 
life of the area. In addition, scientists of other research and technical 
organizations in the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama made use 
of station facilities. 


Name Principal interest 

Andrews, Michael L., Wildlife photography. 
Sussex, Hngland. 

Baker, Ann, Birds. 
Long Island, N.Y. 

Barghoorn, Dr. and Mrs. Elso S., Limnology. 
Harvard University. 

Bernstein, Dr. Irwin S., Rhesus monkeys. 
Emory University. 

Blest, Dr. Andrew D., Lepidopteran behavior. 
University College, London. 

Booth, Dr. and Mrs. Ernest S., Wildlife photography. 
Escondido, Calif. 

Booth, Shirley, Wildlife photography. 
Hscondido, Calif. 

Buchsbaum, Ralph Wildlife photography. 
University of Pittsburgh. 

Burns, Mrs. Marjorie, Wildlife photography. 
Escondido, Calif. 

Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Carlton L., Inspection of facilities. 
Smithsonian Institution. 

Campbell, Milton, Coleoptera. 
University of Ilinois. 

Christiansen, James, Assistant to Dr. Legler. 
University of Utah. 

Collett, T. S., Assistant to Dr. Blest. 
University College, London. 

Collier, Dr. Gerald, Jacana behavior and ecology. 
San Diego State College. 

Cottam, Dr. Grant, Plant morphology, physiology, and be- 
University of Wisconsin. havior. 


180 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


Name 
Darnall, Mr. and Mrs. J. 8., 
Dyersburg, Tenn. 
Darnall, Mrs. Ruth, 
Chicago, Ill. 
Deusing, Mr. and Mrs. Murl, 
Baileys Harbor, Wis. 
Dwyer, Dr. John., 
St. Louis University. 
Hvans, Jeremy, 
Harvard University. 
Florey, Dr. and Mrs. Ernst, 
University of Washington. 
Gazin, Dr. and Mrs. Charles L., 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Greenwell, Francis M., 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Handley, Dr. Charles Q., 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Hayward, Dr. and Mrs. C. Lynn, 
Brigham Young University. 
Heatwole, Dr. Harold, 
University of Puerto Rico. 
Hartshorne, Mr. and Mrs. Charles, 
Atlanta, Ga. 
Hodge, Dr. Walter H., 
National Science Foundation. 
Holgerson, Dr. Holger, 
Stavanger, Norway. 
Hughes-Schrader, Dr. Sally, 
Duke University. 
Hunt, George, 
Harvard University. 
Izower, Jack, 
New York, N.Y. 
Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. B. L., 
Washington, D.C. 
Jones, Dr. Duvall A., 
Madison College. 
Kamstedt, Brit I. S., 
Stavanger, Norway. 
Keck, Dr. David D., 
National Science Foundation. 
Knight, Dennis, 
University of Wisconsin. 
Legler, Dr. John M., 
University of Utah. 
Livingston, Dr. Luzern G., 
Swarthmore College. 
Loftin, Horace, 
Florida State University. 
Olding, Mr. and Mrs. D., 


Mannings School, Jamaica, B.W.I. 


Principal interest 
Wildlife observation. 


Wildlife observation. 
Wildlife photography. 
Botany. 

Insect physiology. 
Wildlife observation. 
Vertebrates. 

Assistant to Dr. Handley. 
Mammals. 

Wildlife observation. 
Assistant to Dr. Sexton. 
Bird vocal patterns. 


Inspection of facilities. 


181 


Insects and littoral marine organisms. 


Cytology and cytotaxonomy of Mantis- 


pidae and Pentatomidae. 
Flycatcher behavior and ecology. 


Tanagers and finches. 

Wildlife observation. 

Birds and amphibians. 

Assistant to Dr. Holgerson. 

Inspection of facilities. 

Plant morphology, physiology, and 
behavior. 

Turtles and entomology. 

Diatoms. 


Fresh-water fishes. 


Wildlife observation. 


182 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Name Principal interest 

O’Neill, John P., Wildlife observation. 
Norman, Okla. 

Owen, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert, Wildlife observation. 
Bremerton, Wash. 

Peebles, Dr. James S. Assistant to Dr. Legler. 
University of Utah. 

Pipkin, Mrs. Sarah B. Fruit flies. 
Gorgas Memorial Laboratory. 

Pope, Dr. and Mrs. W. Wildlife observation. 
Gorgas Hospital, Ancon, C.Z. 

Proctor, Vernon W. Algae. 
Texas Technological College. 

Ream, Dr. and Mrs. Robert, Plant morphology, physiology, and 
University of Wisconsin. behavior. 

Rubinoff, Dr. and Mrs. Ira, Ichthyology. 
Harvard University. 

Ruckes, Dr. and Mrs. Herbert, Hemiptera. 
American Museum of Natural His- 

tory. 

Rudd, Dr. Velva, Botany. 
Smithsonian Institution. 

Schmitt, Mr. and Mrs. Rupert, Wildlife observation. 
Manitowish Water, Wis. 

Schorach, Mr. and Mrs. Carl] B. Wildlife observation. 
Ventura, Calif. 

Sexton, Dr. Owen J., Amphibians and reptiles. 
Washington University. 

Smith, Dr. W. John, Flycatcher behavior. 
Harvard University. 

Stuart, Dr. Alastair M., Termites. 
University of Chicago. 

Stull, Dr. Arthur, Wildlife observation. 
Washington, D.C. 

Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Ants. 
Harvard University. 

Tyson, Edwin L. Bats. 
Florida State University. 

Waldes, Mrs. Rosaline, Bird observation. 
Long Island, N.Y. 

Walker, John, Wildlife photography. 
Encyclopaedia Britannica, New 

York, N.Y. 

Watson, H., Wildlife observation. 
Canal Zone. 

Wetmore, Dr. and Mrs. Alexander, Bird observation. 
Smithsonian Institution. 

Willis, Edwin L., Ecology and behavior of birds that 
University of California. follow army ants. 

Yerger, Dr. Ralph W., Fishes and mammals. 


Florida State University. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 183 


VISITORS 


Approximately 190 visitors were permitted to visit the island for a 

day. 
RAINFALL 

During the dry season (January through April) of the calendar 
year 1961, rains of 0.01 inch or more fell during 38 days (97 hours) 
and amounted to 7.63 inches, as compared to 26.64 inches during 1960. 
During the wet season of 1961 (May through December), rains of 
0.01 inch or more fell on 192 days (752 hours) and amounted to 92.58 
inches, as compared to 113.43 inches during 1960. Total rain for the 
year was 100.21 inches. During 387 years of record, the wettest year 
was 1935 with 143.42 inches, and the driest was 1930 with only 76.57 
inches. February was the driest month of 1961 (0.24 inch) and 
August the wettest (19.73 inches). The maximum records for short 
period were: 5 minutes, 1.30 inches; 10 minutes, 1.65 inches; 1 hour, 
4.11 inches; 2 hours, 6.33 inches; 24 hours, 10.87 inches. 


TABLE 1.—Annual rainfall, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone 


Year Total Station Year Total Station 

inches average inches average 
ED Fy epeeestar ile HOA GS aes ies LDA Ate eee 111. 96 109. 30 
VOZG Hee. Seer ts s 118. 22 AVS Gs AOA DE 2 pe ee 120. 42 109. 84 
NO 2ipyee eee ek 116. 36 114. 68 || 1946____________- 87. 38 108. 81 
MOD Bae la Sod 101. 52 UU Nees Haye feed SGV ye 77. 92 107. 49 
LUCAS) ae ee pe 87. 84 LOGHSOn G48 eae ee ee 83. 16 106. 43 
TG BO) a a 76. 57 Oe tay a ta Ge is de eS 114. 86 106. 76 
OSIM UVE EVR et 123. 30 104569))|) 19502 S252) 0) ake 8 114. 51 107. 07 
WQS Der oR ne ey 113. 52 TOSS HG) a |LOSS eee 112. 72 107. 28 
TO aL ae ee 101. 73 MOSHS2) | LOG 22 ea eee 97. 68 106. 94 
NS) 3 Ae eae aah 122. 42 TOME LO AG pL Sis aay ce 104. 97 106. 87 
OS Oe perenene ye oes 143. 42 ALO 5 es by Ae ee ees Se 105. 68 106. 82 
OSG Se es te 93. 88 HOSTS Se | MalO Goes Mane eRe 114. 42 107. 09 
11S FB 5y fess on i a oO a 124. 13 TNO Oe dio) eee eee eens Sein 114. 05 107. 30 
INAS SSS sa Sa aS 2 117. 09 DEI, (4 NT aye a 97. 97 106. 98 
TEKS}. ES Si a a 115. 47 TONGA NOH Spb e Seee ee 100. 20 106. 70 
TRG YAN (ih So ee 86. 51 109. 45 L959 es Yee oa 94. 88 106. 48 
TCA ce ea el 91. 82 HOST 416 ATO 6 0 AN Se eines eet 140. 07 107. 41 
10 ye 8) OE i ca 111. 10 LOSS 551 1961 ass kis, Baas 100. 21 106. 95 
OAD Wee Seer oS 120. 29 109. 20 


658366—62——13 


184 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


TABLE 2.—Comparison of 1960 and 1961 rainfall, Barro Colorado Island (inches) 


Total 1961 Accumu- 
Month TOS ea eee STAC OR Years of | excess or | lated excess 
average record deficiency or 

1960 1961 deficiency 

Janu ayers ee ous 2. 96 1. 23 2.15 3.0) |) 05925 ae 
February 22/222 220 95 24 oo 36 | —1. 09 —2. 01 
Miia re Ineo ear eI 4. 47 71 1. 24 36 | —0. 53 —2. 54 
ASP iEGe ae fh a ce 18. 26 5. 45 3. 45 37 | +2. 00 —0. 54 
Naya ee) ee 15. 55 7. 86 10. 90 37 | —3. 04 — 3. 58 
EI Fb VeRO a aa eae ae 11. 538 10. 70 10. 84 37 | —0. 14 —3. 72 
DsUE Layee as No VE 11. 46 6. 94 11. 23 37 | —4. 29 —8. 01 
AU CUSt ea Me Guam 7. 02 19. 73 12. 42 37 | +7. 31 —0. 70 
September___________ 9. 49 13. 33 10. 26 37 | +3. 07 +2. 37 
OctoberzQses see Mes 19. 50 Ii 22 14. 14 37 | +3. 08 +5. 45 
November-_____-____- 16. 53 10. 84 17. 96 BN 7h, Ie —1. 67 
December__-=_- 2222.2) 22°35 5. 96 11. 08 37 | —5. 07 —6. 74 
NY Cara iron ne TAO SO LOON 2 OG 95) 4 se Ses a ee ee —6. 74 

Dry season! (2). 3 26. 64 7. 63 S.17s Ao WE Sa See —0. 54 
Wet season___________ 113. 43 92. 58 OS F383 ESOC ence eres —6. 20 


BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND IMPROVEMENTS 


The facilities on Barro Colorado Island were improved and ex- 
panded in various ways. <A partition was added to the Chapman 
House to improve storage and floor distribution. The Zinc Meta- 
Arsenate House was repaired, and portions of its electrical wiring 
system were replaced. New cages were constructed. The old wooden 
water tank was repaired and provided with a new roof. Three 
bridges in the forest were completely rebuilt and new poacher-warning 
signs were placed around the perimeter of the island. A line for a 
“walkie-talkie” phone was installed between the dock area and the 
main building to provide faster communication between these two 
points. 

Maintenance and repair activities included complete overhauls of 
two generators and extensive repairs to a third. The launch and the 
two speedboats were painted, and the hull of the former was repaired 
extensively. All inboard and outboard motors were given complete 
service checks and cutworn parts were replaced. AI the buildings on 
the island were repainted and some wire screening was replaced. 
Minor repairs and improvements were made to appliances and other 
pieces of equipment. 

The 1951 sedan and the Jeep were replaced, respectively, by a 1962 
station wagon and a 1962 Jeep. A 27-foot launch was transferred 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 185 


to the Canal Zone Biological Area for cargo and passenger use. ‘The 

Hydrographic Office of the Panama Canal Company completed the 

installation of new rain-recording equipment. Expansion of the 
library continued. 

OTHER ACTIVITIES 


Two scientific aides were employed to serve as temporary assistants. 
Edwin L. Tyson of Florida State University is analyzing the bat 
population of the island and Robert M. King has begun a cytotaxo- 
nomic study of Compositae in the Canal Zone and adjacent areas. 

The research of the resident naturalist continued to progress with 
the publication of several papers which dealt with various aspects 
of neotropical birds. 

FINANCES 


Trust funds for the maintenance of the island and its living facili- 
ties are obtained by collections from visitors and scientists, table 
subscriptions, and donations. 

The following institutions continued their support to the laboratory 
through the payment of table subscriptions: Eastman Kodak Co., 
New York Zoological Society, and Smithsonian Institution. Dona- 
tions are gratefully acknowledged from C. M. Goethe and Rodrigo 
Marciacq. 

PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS 


It is hoped that funds will be made available for the installation 
of an electric cable from the mainland to the island in order to increase 
the amount of electric power available and avoid dependence on the 
generators. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


The Canal Zone Biological Area can operate only with the excel- 
lent cooperation of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal 
Company. Thanks are due especially to the former Lt. Gov. John 
D. McElheny, and the Executive Secretary Paul Runnestrand and his 
staff, the Customs and Immigration officials, and the Police Division. 
Also deeply appreciated are the technical advice and assistance pro- 
vided by P. Alton White, chief of the Dredging Division, and mem- 
bers of his staff, and C. C. Soper of the Eastman Kodak Co. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Martin H. Moyninan, 
Resident Naturalist. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the International Exchange 
Service 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities 
of the International Exchange Service for the fiscal year ended June 
30, 1962: 

In 1848 the Smithsonian Institution issued the first of its long 
series of scientific publications. In addition to the American dis- 
tribution, several hundred copies were sent to scientific and other 
learned institutions abroad; in return, many valuable publications 
were received from the foreign institutions. To continue this de- 
sirable international exchange of scientific information, the Smith- 
sonian Institution appointed agents in a number of foreign countries 
to facilitate exchanges. In 1851, the privilege of utilizing the Smith- 
sonian exchange system was offered to other learned bodies, and this 
opportunity for wide distribution of scientific publications was so 
eagerly grasped that the system grew rapidly. ‘Thus began a Smith- 
sonian service that increased steadily in usefulness, and the quantity 
of material has increased from a few hundred pounds of publications 
transmitted in 1849, to more than 900,000 pounds in the fiscal year 
1962. 

From the beginning, U.S. Government departments made use of 
the service for the exchange of their publications for the publications 
of other governments. In 1886 in Brussels, a formal agreement for 
the exchange between countries, not only of governmental documents 
but also of scientific and literary publications, was ratified by eight 
nations. With the ratification of this Convention by the United 
States, the Smithsonian Institution system of exchange of publications 
was given official sanction and the Smithsonian Institution continued 
to carry on this important work and was recognized as the official 
agency of the United States for the international exchange of 
publications. 

The work of the International Exchange Service serves as a means 
of developing and executing, in part, the broad and comprehensive 
objective of the Smithsonian Institution, “the diffusion of knowledge.” 
Over the years the operations of the Service haye affected most bene- 
ficially the libraries of all learned institutions in the United States 
and have helped to promote the rapid growth of science through 
facilitating the international exchange of ideas. Libraries through- 


186 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 187 . 


out the world have been enriched by the publications received through 
the Service from many institutions in the United-States, and in turn 
the libraries of the United States have benefited from the publications 
received from the institutions in foreign countries. 

The Service’s operation works in this fashion: Libraries, scientific 
societies, educational institutions, and individuals in the United 
States who wish to distribute their publications to foreign countries 
on exchange or as gifts advise the International Exchange Service 
of the names and addresses of the foreign organizations to which 
they wish to send their publications, and the general character and 
approximate weight of the publications they wish to transmit. If 
the publications are accepted for transmission, packing and shipping 
instructions are furnished the sender. The transportation charges to 
the Smithsonian Institution must be prepaid, but there is no charge 
to the sender for the cost of transportation from the Smithsonian 
Institution to the intended addressees. Publications transmitted 
through the International Exchange Service must be packaged and 
addressed by the senders. ‘The Service receives shipments of ad- 
dressed packages of publications from the foreign exchange bureaus. 
These packages are forwarded to the addressees in the United States 
whose names appear on the packages. 

Publications weighing 798,009 pounds were received by the Inter- 
national Exchange Service during the year from approximately 250 
domestic sources for transmission to recipients in over 100 foreign 
countries. Publications weighing 114,509 pounds were received from 
foreign countries for distribution to addressees in the United States. 

The Service transmitted by ocean freight addressed packages of 
publications, weighing 611,853 pounds to the foreign exchange bu- 
reaus, for distribution in their countries. The cost to the Smithsonian 
Institution for transmitting these publications was $36,717.49, or 
approximately 6 cents per pound. Listed below are the names of the 
foreign exchange bureaus to whom the International Exchange Serv- 
ice forwards addressed packages of publications for distribution. 


LIST OF EXCHANGE SERVICES 


Austria; Austrian National Library, Vienna. 

BrELcIum: Service des Hehanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de Bel- 
gique, Bruxelles. 

Cuina: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan. 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bureau of International Exchanges, University Library, 
Prague. 

DENMARK: Institut Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale, 
Copenhagen. 

Heyrr: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulaq, Cairo. 

FINLAND: Library of the Scientific Societies, Helsinki. 

France: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. 


188 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


GERMANY (Eastern) : Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. 

GERMANY (Western) : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg. 

Huneary: Service Hongrois des Echanges Internationaux, Orszigos Széchenyi 
Konyvtar, Budapest. 

Inp1IA: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Bombay. 

INDONESIA: Minister of Hducation, Djakarta, 

IsRAEL: Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem. 

ITaLy: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, 
Rome. 

JAPAN : Division for Interlibrary Services, National Diet Library, Tokyo. 

Korea: Korean Library Association, Seoul. 

NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Li- 
brary, The Hague. 

New SoutH WAtxEsEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. 

NEW ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 

Norway: Service Norvégien des BWchanges Internationaux, Bibliotheque de 
l’Université Royale, Oslo. 

PHILIPPINES : Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Education, Manila. 

PoLanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, 
Warsaw. 

PortucaL: Seccaio de Trocas Internacionais, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. 

QUEENSLAND: Bureau of International Exchange of Publications, Chief Secre- 
tary’s Office, Brisbane. 

RumantA: International Exchange Service, Biblioteca Centrala de Stat, Bu- 
charest. 

SoutH AusTRALIA: South Australian Government Hxchanges Bureau, Govern- 
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide. 

Spain: Junta de Intercambio y Adquisicién de Libros y Revistas para Bibliote- 
cas Publicas, Ministerio de Educacién Nacional, Madrid. 

SWEDEN : Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. 

SwiTzERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen- 
trale Fédérale, Berne. 

TASMANIA: Secretary of the Premier, Hobart. 

TuRKEY: National Library, Ankara. 

UNIoN or SoutH Arrica: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape 
Town. 

UNION oF Soviet SocraList REPUBLICS: Bureau of Book Exchange, State Lenin 
Library, Moscow. 

VicToriA : Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA: State Library, Perth. 

YUGOSLAVIA : Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade. 


Many countries do not have exchange facilities for the distribution 
of addressed publications. During the past fiscal year the Interna- 
tional Exchange Service mailed addressed packages of publications 
weighing 225,335 pounds directly to the intended recipients in such 
countries. 

There has been a noticeable increase in requests for permission to 
transmit publications through the International Exchange Service 
to the newly created nations of the world. More dental and medical 
libraries in the United States are finding the Service helpful in dis- 
tributing their journals and books to foreign libraries. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 189 


FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS 


In accordance with treaty stipulations, conventions, and other 
agreements made between the United States and various foreign 
countries for the mutual exchange of official publications, the Smith- 
sonian Institution transmits the official U.S. Government publications 
to the foreign depository libraries. ‘The libraries that receive 
copies of all these official publications are the full depositories of the 
Government documents. The libraries that receive a selected list are 
the partial depositories of the Government documents. During the 
fiscal year 662,274 pieces weighing 227,169 pounds were received by 
the Smithsonian Institution for transmission to the 57 full deposi- 
tories, and 101,171 pieces weighing 48,764 pounds were received for 
transmission to the 45 partial depositories. Listed below are the 
names of the full and partial depositories. 


FULL DEPOSITORIES 


ARGENTINA: Divisié6n Biblioteca, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, 
Buenos Aires. 
AUSTRALIA : Commonwealth National Library, Canberra. 

New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. 

QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane. 

SoutH AUSTRALIA: Public Library of South Australia, Adelaide. 

TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart. 

VICTORIA: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA; State Library, Perth. 

Austria; Administrative Library, Federal Chancellery, Vienna. 
Brazi.: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 

BurRMA: Government Book Depot, Rangoon. 

CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. 

MANITOBA: Provincial Library, Winnipeg. 

ONTARIO: Legislative Library, Toronto. 

QuEBEO: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. 
CEYLON: Department of Information, Government of Ceylon, Colombo. 
CHILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. 

CHINA: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan. 
National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. 
CoLomMBriA : Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. 
Costa Rica: Biblioteca Nacional, San José. 
CuBa: Directi6n de Organismos Internacionales, Ministerio de Relaciones Ex- 
teriores, Habana.” 
CzECHOSLOVAKIA : University Library, Prague. 
DeNnMaRK: Institut Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Copenhagen. 
Eeyrt: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. 
FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsinki. 
FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. 
GERMANY : Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. 
Free University of Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem. 
Parliamentary Library, Bonn. 


See footnotes on p. 194. 


190 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


GREAT BRITAIN: 
ENGLAND: British Museum, London. 
Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository 
of the London County Council.) 
Inp1A: National Library, Calcutta. 
Central Secretariat Library, New Delhi. 
Parliament Library, New Delhi. 
INDONESIA: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Djakarta. 
IRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin. 
IsRaEL: State Archives and Library, Hakirya, Jerusalem. 
Iraty : Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Rome. 
JAPAN: National Diet Library, Tokyo.” 
Mexico: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Departamento de Informaci6n 
para el Extranjero, México, D.F. 
NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague. 
NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 
Norway : Utenriksdepartmentets Bibliothek, Oslo. 
Peru: Seccidn de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Ex- 
teriores, Lima. 
PHILIPPINES: Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Education, Manila. 
PoRTUGAL: Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. 
SPAIN : Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid. 
SWEDEN : Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. 
SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. 
TURKEY : National Library, Ankara. 
UNION OF SoutH AFRICA: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. 
UNION OF SOVIET SoOcrIALIST REPUBLICS: All-Union Lenin Library, Moscow. 
UnitEep Nations: Library of the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. 
Urucuay : Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. 
VENEZUELA : Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. 
YUGOSLAVIA : Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade.’ 


PARTIAL DEPOSITORIES 


AFGHANISTAN : Library of the Afghan Academy, Kabul. 
BELGIUM : Bibliothéque Royale, Bruxelles. 
Bo.uivia: Biblioteca del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, La Paz. 
Brazit: Minas Gerais: Departmento Estadul de Hstatistica, Belo Horizonte. 
BRITISH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara. 
CANADA: 
ALBERTA : Provincial Library, Edmonton. 
BRITISH COLUMBIA: Provincial Library, Victoria. 
NEw BRruNSwIckK: Legislative Library, Fredericton. 
NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Provincial Affairs, St. John’s. 
Nova ScorTtra : Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax. 
SASKATCHEWAN : Legislative Library, Regina. 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca de la Universidad de Santo Domingo, Ciudad 
Trujillo. 
EcuaApbor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. 
Hi SALVADOR: 
Biblioteca Nacional, San Salvador. 
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador. 


See footnotes on p. 194. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 191 


GREECE: National Library, Athens. 
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala. 
Hartt: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. 
HONDURAS: 
Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa. 
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Tegucigalpa. 
IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik. 
INDIA: 
BompBay: Secretary to the Government, Bombay. 
BIHAR: Revenue Department, Patna. 
KERALA: Kerala Legislature Secretariat, Trivandrum. 
UTTAR PRADESH : 
University of Allahabad, Allahabad. 
Secretariat Library, Lucknow. 
West BencaL: Library, West Bengal Legislative Secretariat, Assembly 
House, Calcutta. 
IRAN : Imperial Ministry of Education, Tehran. 
TrAQ: Public Library, Baghdad. 
JAMAICA: 
Colonial Secretary, Kingston. 
University College of the West Indies, St. Andrew. 
LEBANON : American University of Beirut, Beirut. 
LIBERIA : Department of State, Monrovia. 
Maaya: Federal Secretariat, Federation of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. 
Matta: Minister for the Treasury, Valletta. 
NicarAGua: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. 
PAKISTAN : Central Secretariat Library, Karachi. 
PanaMA: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, Panama. 
PARAGUAY: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Seccién Biblioteca, Asuncidén. 
PHILIPPINES : House of Representatives, Manila. 
ScorLaNnp: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. 
Sram: National Library, Bangkok. 
SrnGAPorE: Chief Secretary, Government Offices, Singapore. 
Supan : Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum. 
VIETNAM : Direction des Archives et Bibliotheques Nationales, Saigon. 


INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNALS 


There are now being sent abroad through the International Ex- 
change Service 85 copies of the daily issues of the Federal Register 
and 100 copies of the daily issues of the Congressional Record. The 
names and addresses of the recipients of the official journals are listed 
below: 


DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD AND FEDERAL REGISTER 


ARGENTINA : 
Biblioteca del Poder Judicial, Mendoza.® 
Direccién General del Boletin Oficial e Imprentas, Buenos Aires." 
CAmara de Diputados Oficina de Informacién Parliamentaria, Buenos Aires. 


See footnotes on p. 194. 


192 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


AUSTRALIA : 
Commonwealth National Library, Canberra. 


New SourH Wates: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney. 


QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane. 
Vicrorta : Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.° 


WeEsTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. 


BELGIUM : Bibliothéque du Parlement, Palais de la Nation, Brussels.‘ 
BRAZIL: 
Biblioteca da Camara dos Deputados, Brasilia, D.F.* 
Secretaria da Presidencia, Rio de Janeiro.* 
BritisH Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize. 
Campopia : Ministry of Information, Phnom Penh. 
CANADA: 
Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa. 
Library of Parliament, Ottawa. 
Cryton : Ceylon Ministry of Defense and External Affairs, Colombo.* 
CHILE: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Santiago.’ 
CHINA: 
Legislative Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan.’ 
Taiwan Provincial Government, Taipei, Taiwan. 
CUBA: 
Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana. 
Biblioteca Publica Panamericana, Habana.° 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved. Prague.* 
Eeypr: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Egyptian Government, Cairo.* 
FinLanp: Library of the Parliament, Helsinki.’ 
HRANCE: 
Bibliothéque Assemblée Nationale, Paris. 
Bibliothéque Conseil de la République, Paris. 
Library, Organization for European Economie Cooperation, Paris.’ 
Research Department, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.’ 
Service de la Documentation Htrangére Assemblée Nationale, Paris.* 
GERMANY: 
Amerika Institut der Universitit Mtinchen, Miinchen.* 
Archiv, Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn. 
Bibliothek des Instituts fiir Weltwirtschaft an der Universitit 
Kiel-Wik. 
Bibliothek Hessischer Landtag, Wiesbaden.* 
Deutsches Institut fiir Rechtswissenschaft, Potsdam-Babelsberg II.° 
Deutscher Bundesrat, Bonn.* 
Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn.* 
Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv, Hamburg. 
Westdeutsche Bibliothek, Marburg, Hessen.’ ° 
GHANA: Chief Secretary’s Office, Accra.’ * 
GREAT BRITAIN: 
Department of Printed Books, British Museum, London. 
House of Commons Library, London.* 
N.P.P. Warehouse, H.M. Stationery Office, London.®* 
Printed Library of the Foreign Office, London.* 
Royal Institute of International Affairs, London.* 
GREECE: Bibliotheque Chambre des Députés, Hellénique, Athens. 
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca dela Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala. 
Hartr: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. 
Honpuras: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa. 


See footnotes on p. 194. 


Kiel, 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 193 


Huneary: Orsdagos Széchenyi Konyvtar, Budapest. 
INDIA: 
Civil Secretariat Library, Lucknow, United Provinces.° 
Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi.* 
Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly, Srinagar.* 
Legislative Assembly, Government of Assam, Shillong.‘ 
Legislative Assembly Library, Lucknow, United Provinces. 
Kerala Legislature Secretariat, Trivandrum.* 
Madras State Legislature, Madras.* 
Parliament Library, New Delhi. 
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Poona.‘ 
IRELAND: Dail Hireann, Dublin. 
IsRAEL: Library of the Knesset, Jerusalem. 
ITALY: 
Biblioteca Camera dei Deputati, Rome. 
Biblioteca del Senato della Republica, Rome. 
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, Rome.® 
Periodicals Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 
Rome.® 
JAPAN: 
Library of the National Diet, Tokyo. 
Ministry of Finance, Tokyo. 
JorDAN: Parliament of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman.‘ 
Korea: Library, National Assembly, Seoul. 
LuxremBoura: Assemblée Commune de la C.E.C.A., Luxembourg. 
MEXICO: 
Direccion, General Informacion, Secretaria de Governacion, Mexico, D.F. 
Biblioteca Benjamin Franklin, México, D.F. 
AGUASCALIENTES : Gobernador del Estado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. 
Baga CALIFORNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali. 
CAMPECHE: Gobernador del Estado de Campeche, Campeche. 
CHIAPAS: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez. 
CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. 
CoaHvUILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno, 
Saltillo. 
CoLt1MA : Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima. 
GuANAJUATO: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato.° 
JALISCO: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara. 
México: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca. 
MicHoacAN: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoacan, 
Morelia. 
MoreE1Los: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca. 
Nayarit: Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic. 
Nuevo Le6n: Biblioteca del Estado, Monterrey. 
Oaxaca: Periédico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca.® 
Pureia: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla. 
QuERETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién de Archivo, Querétaro. 
Srnatoa : Gobernador del Estado de Sinaloa, Culiacan. 
Sonora: Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo. 
TAMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria. 
VERACRUZ: Gobernador del Estado de Veracruz, Departamento de Gober- 
nacion y Justicia, Jalapa. 
YucatAn: Gobernador del Estado de Yucatan, Mérida. 


See footnotes on p. 194. 


194 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


NETHERLANDS: Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague.° 
New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 
Norway: Library of the Norwegian Parliament, Olso. 
PANAMA: Biblioteca Nacional, Panama City.* 
PHILIPPINES: House of Representatives, Manila. 
PoLAND: Kancelaria Rady Panstwa, Biblioteka Sejmowa, Warsaw. 
PoRTUGUESE TiImMoR: Reparticio Central de Administracio Civil, Dili. 
RHODESIA AND NYASALAND: Federal Assembly, Salisbury. 
RuMANIA: Biblioteca Centrala de Stat RPR, Bucharest. 
Spain: Boletin Oficial del Estado, Presidencia del Gobierno, Madrid.® 
SWEDEN : Universitetsbiblioteket, Uppsala.* * 
SWITZERLAND: 
International Labour Office, Geneva.5* 
Library, United Nations, Geneva. 
Toco: Ministére d’Etat, de l’Interieur, de l’Information et de la Presse, Lome. 
UNION OF SouTH AFRICA: 
CaPE OF Goop Hope: Library of Parliament, Cape Town. 
TRANSVAAL: State Library, Pretoria. 
UNION OF SovieT SOCIALIST REPUBLICS: Fundamental’niia Biblioteka Obshchest- 
vennykh Nauk, Moscow. 
Uruauay: Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo. 
YuGosiaviA: Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade.’ 


The International Exchange Service accepts publications for trans- 
mission to addressees in all countries except to the mainland of China, 
North Korea, and Communist-controlled areas of Vietnam, but will 
not accept packages of publications from domestic sources intended 
for addressees in the United States or in a territory subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States. 

The number and weight of the packages received from sources in 
the United States for transmission abroad, and the number and weight 
of packages received from foreign sources intended for domestic ad- 
dressees, are classified in the accompanying table. The balance of 
exchange is not even because many countries do not have an exchange 
service through which they may transmit publications to the Smith- 
sonian Institution for distribution in the United States, therefore 
sending their publications directly to the addressees in the United 
States. 


1 Change of address. 

2 Receives two sets. 

3 Added during the year. 

4 Congressional Record only. 
5 Wederal Register only. 

6 Three copies. 

7 Two copies. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 195 


Received by the Smithsonian Institution for 
transmission 


Classification For transmission abroad For distribution in the 
United States 


Number of Weight in | Number of | Weight in 
packages pounds packages pounds 


U.S. parliamentary documents re- 

ceived for transmission abroad__-___ SIG5044 57352959 |S2sl ae Tie 
Publications received from foreign 

sources for U.S. parlimentary ad- 

CG HRSISIS ELE col as ae i ey er a ay aE [eng oy 8, 410 11, 623 
U.S. departmental documents received : 

for transmission abroad______-____-_ 23244 05 e220. OC Me ase ee 
Publications received from foreign 

sources for U.S. departmental ad- 

ARESSC CS aie Beak eit he hk ed Sk SA IS 5, 539 13, 719 
Miscellaneous scientific and literary 

publications received for transmis- 

STOMP OO A Cpe rae ert yee | 2 Nhe DPE se 1832 9£5 | ZO S83> (ei Deh ie ee 
Miscellaneous scientific and literary 

publications received from abroad 


for distribution in the United States_|____-.____|________- 56, 961 | 89, 167 
PROG Ae meee Ne ERE ha ee 1, 232, 364 | 798, 009 | 70,910 | 114, 509 
Granditotals yee sek bh yee LS SOSR2 (4 2 ea Scene eae es 912, 518 


Respectfully submitted. 
J. A. Coxtins, Chief. 
Dr. Lronarp CarMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Gallery of Art 


Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, 
the 25th annual report of the National Gallery of Art, for the fiscal 
year ended June 30, 1962. This report is made pursuant to the pro- 
visions of section 5(d) of Public Resolution No. 14, 75th Congress, 1st 
session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). 


ORGANIZATION 


The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National 
Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secre- 
tary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The four general trustees con- 
tinuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, were 
Chester Dale, Paul Mellon, Rush H. Kress, and John Hay Whitney. 
Ferdinand Lammot Belin, who had been a general trustee since 1938 
and vice president: since 1939, died on July 6, 1961. On May 28, 1962, 
John N. Irwin II was elected a general trustee for the remainder 
of the term expiring July 1, 1971. On May 29, 1962, Chester Dale was 
reelected by the Board of Trustees to serve as president of the Gallery 
and Paul Mellon was reelected vice president. 

The executive officers of the Gallery as of June 30, 1962, are as 
follows: 


Huntington Cairns, Secretary- Ernest R. Feidler, Administrator. 
Treasurer. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel. 
John Walker, Director. Perry B. Cott, Chief Curator 


The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the 
annual meeting on May 29, 1962, were as follows: 


EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


Chief Justice of the United States, Paul Melion. 

Earl Warren, Chairman. John Hay Whitney. 
Chester Dale, Vice Chairman. 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- 

tion, Leonard Carmichael. 


FINANCE COMMITTEE 


Secretary of the Treasury, C. Douglas Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- 
Dillon, Chairman. tion, Leonard Carmichael. 

Chester Dale, Vice Chairman. John Hay Whitney. 

Paul Mellon. 


196 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 197 


ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE 


Chester Dale, Chairman. John Hay Whitney. 
Paul Mellon. John Walker. 
PERSONNEL 


At the close of the fiscal year 1962, full-time Government employees 
on the staff of the National Gallery of Art numbered 307. The U.S. 
Civil Service regulations govern the appointment of employees paid 
from appropriated public funds. 

Continued emphasis was given to the training of employees under 
the Government Employees Training Act. Under the provisions of 
this act, 18 Gallery employees obtained additional training in their 


professions. 
APPROPRIATIONS 


For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, the Congress of the United 
States in the regular annual appropriation for the National Gallery 
of Art provided $1,932,000 to be used for salaries and expenses in the 
operation and upkeep of the Galery, the protection and care of works 
of art acquired by the Board of Trustees, and all administrative 
expenses incident thereto, as authorized by joint resolution of Con- 
gress approved March 24, 1937 (20 U.S.C. 71-75; 50 Stat. 51). 

The following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred : 


Personnel compensation and benefits_____________________--__- $1, 689, 450. 15 

PANT EEE Tee 11 Se ee Se Ia a Lee ce aN a ara 242, 478. 32 

Unobligated(: balances 2k 16. 53 

PRS EM Pere SI ES I eee he AeA 2 AO ei 1, 932, 000. 00 
ATTENDANCE 


There were 1,332,506 visitors to the Gallery during the fiscal year 
1962, an increase of 800,166 over the previous year. The daily average 
number of visitors was 3,671. 


ACCESSIONS 


There were 1,437 accessions by the National Gallery of Art as gifts, 
loans, or deposits during the fiscal year. 


GIFTS 


During the year the following gifts or bequests were accepted by 
the Board of Trustees: 


PAINTINGS 
Donor Artist Title 
Avalon Foundation, New Sargent__--..----- A Street in Venice. 
York, N.Y. 
Mrs. Mellon Bruce, New Fragonard___--_-_-- A Young Girl Reading. 


York, N.Y. 


198 


Donor 
Samuel H. Kress Founda- 
tion, New York, N.Y. 


Artist 


JAS DeLtIni as eee eee 


Domenico di 
Bartolo. 


Carpaccio! 4a. 2s 
WC arrac claws mene 


Christus! 22 sane 
Cima da Conegliano 


Griimewald________ 

Guercino _________- 

Holbein, the 
Younger. 

Juan de Flandes___- 


Lucas van Leyden_.- 
Memiling aos senna 


Master of St. 
Veronica 
INGWRH ee ee 


Pierino del Vaga_-_-- 
Ruberis..22 2255222 


Savoldo#2s22222n22 
Scorel_ 


Sebastiano del 
Piombo. 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Title 
St. Sebastian. 


The Crucifixion. 

Madonna and Child En- 
throned with St. Peter 
and St. Paul. 

The Presentation of the 
Virgin. 

The Infant Bacchus. 

The Quarrel. 

Eleanora di Toledo. 

Madonna and Child. 

Venus Adorned by the 
Graces. 

A Donor and His Wife. 

St. Helena. 

“Diane de Poitiers.”’ 

Madame David. 

Napoleon in His Study. 

Blindman’s Buff. 

The Swing. 

Hubert Robert. 

The Small Crucifixion. 

Cardinal Francesco Cennini. 

Portrait of a Young Man. 


The Annunciation. 

The Nativity. 

The Adoration of the Magi. 

The Baptism of Christ. 

A Young Man with His 
Tutor. 

The Card Players. 

The Presentation 
Temple. 

The Crucifixion. 


in the 


Joseph Bonnier de la Mos- 
son. 

The Nativity. 

The Assumption of the 
Virgin. 

Cathedral of St. John at 
’s-Hertogenbosch. 

Church of Santa Maria della 
Febbre, Rome. 

Elijah Fed by the Raven. 

The Rest on the Flight into 
Egypt. 

Cardinal Bandinello Sauli, 
His Secretary and Two 
Geographers. 

Portrait of a Humanist. 


Secretary's Report, 1962 RIP AGE al 


Grunewald: The Small Crucifixion. National Gallery of Art. Samuel H. Kress Collection. 


PLATE 12 


Secretary’s Report, 1962 


UONDIT[ND ssoly P{ jenures 


Wy jo Ala][e5) [euohneN “pity pure vuuopesy 2} 910foq ATIUIe J pue OSIUIDOT/I ISIATV 230q :O}JOIOVUTT, 


PLATE 13 


Secretary's Report, 1962 


ay 


aH 


“18 


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TWUH volpuy oq :ueNly, “7 


[euOoneNy 


“UONaI]]O7) SSOIN "-H JoONuUeEs 
[vuole Ny TULogtled OISIIURI 


yay jo Aroypeyy 


IOUSISUOT/Y sTUTULOG 


AL 


PF At Sal Set el OP HE le 


PLATE 14 


Samuel H. Kress Collection. 


Art. 


a 
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vo 
& 
= 
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= 
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e 
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ae 
is 
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Z 


in. His Study. 


eon 


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Secretary's Report, 1962 


Secretary's Report, 1962 PLATE 15 


Fragonard: A Young Girl Reading. National Gallery of Art. Gift of Mrs. Mellon Bruce 
in memory of her father, Andrew W. Mellon. 


Secretary's Report, 1962 PLATE 16 


1. Redon: Wildflowers. National Gallery of Art. 
Gift of Loula D. Lasker. 


2. Manet: Oysters. National Gallery of Art. Gift of the Adele R. Levy Fund, Inc. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 199 


Donor ; Artist Title 
Samuel H. Kress Founda- Signorelli_________- The Marriage of the Virgin. 
tion, New York, N.Y. 


3 Bo) Ss sean Se gg oe et Solariok acer ee: Pieta. 

1D Ya ee ieee ee LROZ Zien Bishop Alvise Grim ani. 

1D Cap on ORNS te ee “1 BY zy 06) (oye a a A Scene from Roman His- 
tory. 

HD) sg Pe epee 2 Tintoretto____=-_-- The Conversion of St. Paul. 

BBD peers fg ea sed HE (6 (ARE eae Doge Alvise Mocenigo and 


Family before the Madon- 
na and Child. 


DO. 2 nee A NE MPibiami oe ee I Doge Andrea Gritti. 
1B) pee ies ea hia Valdés Leal________ The Assumption of the Vir- 
gin. 
1 (0) <1 a Veronese______-__- St. Jerome in the Wilderness. 
JDO), <a EAS VO eee ene COME Me ueiien St. Lucy and a Donor. 
1D 0), es as eee eerie Ghirlandaio________ Madonna and Child. 
10): ee nT ee ar Wattesuyns. eu Ceres (Summer). 
1D You SS a Zoppo...--------_-. Madonna and Child. 
1D): as a ee Wouet noe ar va Wiggs St. Jerome and the Angel. 
1D ays es a eee ee Canalettoe = 22-02. The Portello and the Brenta 
Canal at Padua. 
1D Yay) hee eR ea French Master, sec- Portrait of an Ecclesiastic. 
ond half, 15th cen- 
tury. 
1D oy iff Ca French School, 1572. Prince Hercule-Frangois, 
Duc d’Alencon. 
DOS 4a 1 Dybbb 3) Reo pe aia ie The Magdalen. 
1D Yoya i, Cee ES a eae Florentine School, Dante. 
16th century. 
1D Ya) ea Ricci, Sebastiano Memorial to Admiral Sir 
and Marco. Clowdisley Shovell. 
IDOE 5 LES ee Rosso, Il__-------- Portrait of a Man. 
1D YS) ee ie Se eee Rubenss 2 2225025 u 2 Marchesa Brigida Spinola 
Doria. 
1D Yo). (3) ee es a Wouetue soccer The Muses Urania and Cal- 
liope. 
IDO = DR Sees ail ee Baldung Grien___-_- St. Anne with the Christ 


Child, the Virgin, and St. 
John the Baptist. 


3 Bo) al pl ae ea RPE Bellottove 2 lace. The Castle of Nymphen- 
burg. 

1X0) A aie ee pa Bie GL eS ae i View of Munich. 

1 Co, SR aa a a Bourdon] aan a. The Finding of Moses. 

VD Ya) A a ae Boutsoeiie ee eels Portrait of a Donor. 

HD) eee ey tl Bramantino______-_- The Apparition of Christ 
among the Apostles. 

WowWee eee estes se Corres giow see 22 Salvator Mundi. 

DOM ee kee oS Cranach, the Elder_. The Crucifixion with 
Longinus. 


658366—62——14 


200 


Donor 
Samuel H. Kress Founda- 
tion, New York, N.Y. 


Miss Loula D. Lasker, 
New York, N.Y. 

Adele R. Levy Fund, Inc., 
New York, N.Y. 


Lady Roxana  Vereker, 
Valbonne, France. 

Miss Martha E. Warner, 
Paoli, Pa. 

Mrs. E. Laurence White, 
Prides Crossing, Mass. 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Artist 
(Diana oe en eee: 


Goya y Lucientes-___ 
Hamen y Leén_ _-_- 


Master of Badia 
a Isola. 

Master of the St. 
Bartholomew 
Altar. 


Nicolo dell’ Abate 
and Denys 
Calvaert. 

Patinir, follower of__ 

iRiazzevtaees ae 


Ruisdael_________- 
SHNWON OKO) ie ee 
Signorelligasmee sess 


Tintoretto__------- 

Viassalll omen se es 

Venetian Master, 
third quarter, 
18th century. 


Title 

The Presentation and Mar- 
riage of the Virgin, An- 
nunciation. 

The Assumption of the 
Virgin. 

St. Bernardino. 

St. Cecilia and an Angel. 

Don Antonio Noriega. 

Still Life. 

Claude Dupouch. 

Madonna Enthroned with 
Angels. 

The Baptism of Christ. 


Portrait of a Young Man, 
The Judgment of Paris. 


The Flight into Egypt. _ 

Madonna and Child Ap- 
pearing to San Filippo 
Neri. 

Monsignor della Casa. 

David Johnston. 

Landscape. 

The Adoration of the Child. 

Madonna and Child with 
Saints. 

St. Mary Cleophas and Her 
Family. 

St. Mary Salome and Her 
Family. 

Summer. 

The Larder. 

Before the Masked Ball. 


Rush H. Kress. 
Wildflowers. 
Oysters. 


Pansies. 
Mrs. Henry C. Bowen. 


John Smith Warner. 


Mother and Children. 


SECRETARY’S 


SCULPTURE 


Artist 
Solanik sos Ste aes Ss 


Donor 
Samuel H. Kress Founda- 
tion, New York, N.Y. 


TFB) Bee Seem Ma North Italian 
School, 1321. 
HD) ia 2 ace ea Nis Michelozzi_________ 
HTB) ys Sn ies a Nino Pisano______-_ 
BSD) gee re RE tes RAE QWa ela Ce ae 
BIB) ees he ea a French School, first 
half, 14th century. 
1DYo) eee ee ete eS Sansovino________- 
DOs ee een nee Bran] Overt Lae ies 
NIB) yap a ey Bernini cos 2 ai alRe 
DO es fe ee eee en Giovanni di Turino. 
1X0); SoS Seer Italian School, first 
half, 17th century- 
VID) PS Pe ea Mice PNG AUEIG a igo meliaget a Amun 
J DX0) oes eg ee OS a Nittonia ae elie 
} BO) 2925 a ea ses Si(6 (a) eae, Oe ACS ae 
Lessing J. Rosenwald, Jenk- Daumier_-_--_-_-_--_- 
intown, Pa. 
1] DY) jays as eA TE a JIE GL CO Ries Oo aa a 


DECORATIVE ARTS 


Samuel H. Kress Founda- 
tion, New York, N.Y. 
The Tunisian People, Tu- 

nisia. 


15 enamels. 


Roman Mosaic, 3d 
century A.D. 


GRAPHIC ARTS 


REPORT 


201 


Title 
The Man of Sorrows. 


Madonna and Child En- 
throned with Angels. 
Madonna with the Sleeping 
Child. 
The Archangel Gabriel. 
The Virgin Annunciate. 
Madonna and Child. 


Andiron with Figure of Mars. 

Andiron with Figure of 
Venus. 

Monsignor Francesco Bar- 
berini. 

Madonna and Child. 

Chiaro da Verrazano. 


Giovanni da Verrazano. 
Portrait of a Young Knight. 
Portrait of a Venetian Lady. 
Le Petit Propriétaire. 


Le Visiteur. 


Symbols of Bacchus as God 
of Wine and the Theater. 


During the year Copley Amory gave an engraving entitled The 
Copley Family by Copley. Seventy-four objects in niello were given 
by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, and Lessing J. Rosenwald in- 
creased his gift to the Gallery with 84 prints and drawings. 


OTHER GIFTS 


In the fiscal year 1962 gifts of money were made by the Old Do- 
minion Foundation, Avalon Foundation, Mrs. Mellon Bruce, Calouste 
Gulbenkian Foundation, Miss Martha EB. Warner, and Irving R. Saal. 
An additional cash bequest was received from the estate of William 
Nelson Cromwell. Gifts of securities during the year were received 
from the estate of Ferdinand Lammot Belin and from Mrs. Mildred 


G. Bryan. 


202 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART 


In exchange for one-third interest in the “Geese Book,” a medieval 
choral missal, the Samuel H. Kress Foundation gave the National 
Gallery of Art 200 antique frames. 


WORKS OF ART ON LOAN 
The following works of art were received on loan by the Gallery: 


From Artist Title 
Robert Woods Bliss, Wash- __---------------- 53 objects of Pre-Columbian 
ington, D.C. art. 
Chester Dale, New York, Bellows----------- Blue Morning. 
N.Y. 
DOR e528 eh ems Bes Monet! a nee The Seine at Giverny. 
Col. and Mrs. Edgar W. Unknown____------ 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
Garbisch, New York, 
N.Y. 
Mr. and Mrs. David Lloyd Van Gogh_-------- Vase of Flowers. 
Kreeger, Washington, 
D.C. 
Do A eh Ae aa a Monetae aes Water Lilies. 
IL) SDS Seats RS ea) MLE Renoir. 2.8 ee ess Bather. 
Mrs. Eugene Meyer, Wash- Dufresne---------- Still Life. 
ington, D.C. 
1D Yo ps Pes fe egestas ba a Renoir esas Ns Nude. 


WORKS OF ART ON LOAN RETURNED 


The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal 
year: 


To Artist Title 
Robert Woods Bliss, Wash- —----------------- 111 objects of Pre-Colum- 
ington, D.C. bian art. 
Chester Dale, New York, Bellows_--_-------- Blue Morning. 
N.Y. 
DOs 2 OE ae SUE eae Monet s24 5 ees The Seine at Giverny. 
Col. and Mrs. Edgar W. Chambers--------- New York Harbor with Small 
Garbisch, New York, N.Y. Sailing Vessel. 
LB) eset ase lh Sel Unknownessses222— 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
Mr. and Mrs. David Lloyd Van Gogh--------- Vase of Flowers. 
Kreeger, Washington, 
D.C. 
4 Do Yagi ra we aL ae ee 2 ae Monet___-.------- Water Lilies. 
ADS Gy Sian sel ti aa Renoir 22.3 755052 Bather. 
Samuel H. Kress Founda- Basaiti-.__.------- Madonna and Child. 
tion, New York, N.Y. 
Mrs. Eugene Meyer, Wash- Dufresne---------- Still Life. 
ington, D.C. 


SECRETARY’S 


REPORT 


203 


WORKS OF ART LENT 


During the fiscal year the Gallery lent the following works of art 


for exhibition purposes: 


To Artist 
American Federation of Unknown__--____-- 
Arts, New York, N.Y. 
NDB RET AINE gett) Joseph Badger - -____ 
1D Yo Nee ici ats bas 2 ae Unknown_________- 
DOE std EE ah8 Sip(o (oa A pee ee ASS 
1D YG) ee eg ee aie 5 eee ce ORG OR een ul deel 
DOME SATO ee Tt BAS SoG mib set. Sol ots 
1D Yay SAS CES OS rere ae ae are as ae 
J DXG) = Ra tei es Unknown_________- 
1D)O)2. SAMs a) oe Mis 36 ele Bed Ow jel ae Busia 
18) Oper rs eee Ue BS mse (6 (oy eene eee aun eis. 
IDO) Se Seer eee oe eee Bundy2]22 522-5288 
IDYo)iy cree reas a Sega ee Unknown_________- 
ND) Oya as ee eT ee ie OEE REDE Le 
TD gy Swe oe ee Niu ihe John Bradley - ____- 
HD) eee Bs ie RE Susanne Walters_-__ 
DOSS See eae Linton Park______- 
Doe eR ee wie Tiree Unknown__________ 
DOs tah eee ea ee Shee Mane eek ue bE 
HTB) Pg ee a rae Hofmann_-________- 
Art Institute of Chicago, Eakins_______-_-_- 
Chicago, Il. 
1D Yo gee Soe ae eae Epa te GLO meE Hy cpahiy Ra 
Department of Defense, Murray---_-_------- 
Washington, D.C. 
Philadelphia Museum of Hakins_____-_____- 
Art, Philadelphia, Pa. 
HD) Sy i ae She py peed (5 (apa Saree ys ae 
Century 21 Exposition, Copley_____-_----- 
Seattle, Wash. 
Texas Technological ary: Wee oc tee 
College, Lubbock, Tex. 
The White House, Wash- _______- FAWN aya sisnegit ie 
ington, D.C. 
Wilmington Society of the Unknown_______--- 
Fine Arts, Wilmington, 
Del. 
Woodlawn Plantation, Rolie fei rien 
Mount Vernon, Va. 
EXHIBITIONS 


Title 
Jonathan Benham. 


Mrs. Isaac Foster. 

Catharine Hendrickson. 

The Start of the Hunt. 

The End of the Hunt. 

The Sargent Family. 

Family Portrait. 

Alice Slade. 

Joseph Slade. 

General Washington on White 
Charger. 

Vermont Lawyer. 

Blue Eyes. 

The Hobby Horse. 

Little Girl in Lavender. 

Memorial to Nicholas M. 8. 
Catlin. 

Flax Scutching Bee. 

Mahantango Valley Farm. 

Civil War Battle Scene. 

Berks County Almshouse. 

Monsignor Diomede Falconio. 


The Biglen Brothers Racing. 
James V. Forrestal. 


Monsignor Diomede Falconio. 


The Biglen Brothers Racing. 
Epes Sargent. 


Andrew Jackson. 
22 sketches for WPA murals. 
Village by the River. 


General Washington at Prince- 
ton. 


The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art 


during the fiscal year 1962: 


Chinese Art Treasures. 


Sponsored by the Government of the Republic of China. 


Continued from previous fiscal year through August 18, 1961. 


204. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Early American Lighting Devices. From the Index of American Design. Con- 
tinued from previous fiscal year through July 12, 1961. 

Exhibitions of recent accessions. Roman mosaic, third century A.D. “Symbols 
of Bacchus as God of Wine and the Theater,’ May 4, 1961, through August 
25, 1961; “Girl with a Basket of Fish” and “Girl with a Basket of Oranges” 
by Renoir, August 30, 1961, through September 26, 1961; ‘““A Young Girl Read- 
ing’ by Fragonard, November 21, 1961, through March 22, 1962; “Pansies” and 
“Wildflowers” by Redon, January 5, 1962, through January 24, 1962; “The 
Copley Family’ by Copley, May 11, 1962, through June 8, 1962; and “Oysters” 
by Manet, June 22, 1962, to continue into the next fiscal year. 

Lithographs and etchings by Goya. From the Rosenwald Collection. July 13 
through September 13, 1961. 

Etchings and drawings by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Giovanni Domenico 
Tiepolo. From the Rosenwald and W. G. Russell Allen Collections. September 
15, 1961, through November 2, 1961. 

Tiepolo Drawings. From the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. September 
17 through October 15, 1961. 

French XVIIIth century color prints. From the Widener Collection. October 
7, 1961, through November 6, 1961. 

A Retrospective Exhibition of the Work of Thomas Hakins. From 57 collections 
and private lenders. October 8, 1961, through November 12, 1961. 

Tutankhamun Treasures. From the Department of Antiquities of the United 
Arab Republic. November 3, 1961, through December 3, 1961. 

Art Treasures for America. From the Samuel H. Kress Collection. December 
10, 1961, through February 1, 1962. 

Christmas prints. From the Rosenwald Collection. December 14, 1961, through 
January 24, 1962. 

Early American Glass. Wrom the Index of American Design. January 25, 1962, 
through May 24, 1962. 

English Drawings and Water Colors. From British Collections, sponsored by 
the English-Speaking Unions of the United States and the British Common- 
wealth, and from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon. February 
18, 1962, through April 1, 1962. 

English mezzotints. From the Rosenwald Collection. February 17, 1962, 
through April 1, 1962. 

Lithographs by George Bellows. Wrom the Melion, Rosenwald, and Addie Burr 
Clark Memorial Collections. April 21, 1962, to continue into the next fiscal 
year. 

Prints with color. From the Rosenwald Collection. May 25, 1962, to continue 
into the next fiscal year. 

Exhibition of the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. André Meyer. June 10, 1962, to 
continue into the next fiscal year. 


TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS 


Rosenwald Collection.—Special exhibitions of prints, drawings, and 
sculpture from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated during the 
fiscal year to 35 museums, universities, schools, and art centers in the 
United States and abroad. 

Index of American Design—During the fiscal year 1962, 28 travel- 
ing exhibitions (865 plates and 34 lithographs) were circulated in 
this country to 14 States, the District of Columbia, and in Canada 
and Germany. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 205 
CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES 


Under the direction of Dr. Perry B. Cott, chief curator, the cura- 
torial department accessioned 291 gifts to the Gallery during the fis- 
cal year 1962. Advice was given with respect to 1,586 works of art 
brought to the Gallery for expert opinion and 24 visits to collections 
were made by members of the staff in connection with offers of gifts. 
About 4,435 inquiries, many of them requiring research, were answered 
verbally and by letter. 

Miss Elizabeth Mongan, curator of graphic arts, lectured on 
graphic arts at Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa., Cheltenham, 
England, and Beaver College, Pa. She gave a course in graphic 
arts to six seniors from Bryn Mawr College at Alverthorpe Gallery, 
Jenkintown, Pa., October through January. She was on the jury of 
selection for the Print Club of Philadelphia and for American Prints 
Today, Print Council of America. 

Dr. H. Lester Cooke, curator of painting, lectured on modern art 
at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., and the Indiana 
Club of Washington, D.C. He also gave two lectures to the Italian 
Society of Washington. During the year Dr. Cooke assisted in judg- 
ing the following art shows: Mid-States Annual, Evansville, Ind.; 
Miniature Society of America, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 
D.C.; annual art exhibition of Charles County, Md.; and the Indian 
Head Art Society annual exhibition, Indian Head, Md. 

The Richter Archives received and cataloged over 679 photographs 
on exchange from museums here and abroad, 96 purchased photo- 
graphs, and about 1,000 reproductions. Five hundred photographs 
were added to the Iconographical Index. 


RESTORATION 


Francis Sullivan, resident restorer of the Gallery, made regular 
and systematic inspection of all works of art in the Gallery and on 
loan to Government buildings in Washington, and periodically re- 
moved dust and bloom as required. He relined, cleaned, and restored 
12 paintings and gave special treatment to 26. Twenty paintings were 
X-rayed as an aid in research. Experiments were continued with syn- 
thetic materials suggested by the National Gallery of Art Fellowship 
at the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, Pa. Tech- 
nical advice on the conservation of paintings was furnished the public 
upon request, and advice on and special treatment were given to works 
of art belonging to other Government agencies, including the White 
House, U.S. Capitol, U.S. Coast Guard, and the Supreme Court. 

Mr. Sullivan made trips to various cities in connection with the 
loan of paintings to the Gallery for special exhibitions. He also at- 
tended a conference in Rome, Italy, on “Recent Advances in Conser- 


206 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


vation” sponsored by the International Institute for Conservation and, 

while in Europe, met with conservators in London, Paris, Amsterdam, 
and Brussels. 

PUBLICATIONS 


William P. Campbell, assistant chief curator, wrote the notes for 
the catalog of the exhibition Petrospective Exhibition of the Work of 
Thomas Eakins. 

Miss Elizabeth Mongan, curator of graphic arts, wrote an article 
for the Print Council of America Year Book entitled “Battle of 
Fornovo.” 

Dr. H. Lester Cooke, curator of painting, wrote an article on the 
development of Winslow Homer’s watercolor technique for the Ar¢ 
Quarterly, Summer 1961. 

Dr. Katharine Shepard, assistant curator of graphic arts, wrote a 
book review for the American Journal of Archaeology for January 
1962 on “Romische Funde” by Hans von Hiilsen. 

During the fiscal year 1962 the Publications Fund placed seven 
catalogs on sale: Tiepolo Drawings from the Victoria and Albert 
Museum, London; Thomas Eakins, A Retrospective Exhibition; 
Tutankhamun Treasures; Kress Gift to the Nation; English Draw- 
ings and Water Colors from British Collections; English Drawings 
and Water Colors from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon; 
and Lxhibition of the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. André Meyer. Four 
books were placed on sale also: Art Treasures for America, an anthol- 
ogy of painting and sculpture from the Samuel H. Kress Collection; 
Paintings of the World’s Great Galleries, with a section on the Na- 
tional Gallery of Art by Perry B. Cott; The Collected Dialogues of 
Plato edited by Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns; and Of 
Divers Arts by Naum Gabo, the A. W. Mellon Lecturer in the Fine 
Arts for 1959. Other material made available included 6 large color 
reproductions, a variety of jewelry pieces made from 6 small sculp- 
tures, 10 color filmstrips on the Gallery collection produced by Ency- 
clopaedia Britannica, and 2 sets of playing cards reproducing Gallery 
subjects. 

Sixteen color postcards and one 11’ by 14’’ color reproduction of 
the new Fragonard “A Young Girl Reading” were published, to- 
gether with 51 new 2” by 2’ color slides. The Christmas cards in- 
cluded seven new color subjects and nine new graphic arts selections. 


EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 


The program of the educational department was carried out under 
the direction of Dr. Raymond S. Stites, curator in charge of educa- 
tional work, and his staff. The staff lectured and conducted tours on 
works of art in the Gallery’s collection. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 207 


Attendance for the general tours, tours of the week, and picture of 
the week talks totaled 41,314. This represents an increase of 2,475 
over last year’s attendance. The attendance at the Sunday afternoon 
auditorium lectures totaled 10,668. 

Special tours, lectures, and conferences were arranged and a total 
of 16,006 were served in this manner, This is an increase over last 
year of 1,918 persons. These included groups of visitors from Gov- 
ernment agencies, club and study groups, foreign students, religious 
organizations, convention groups, and women’s organizations. ‘These 
special services were also given to school groups from all over the 
country. 

The program of training volunteer docents continued and special 
instruction was given to approximately 100 volunteers from the Junior 
League of Washington and the American Association of University 
Women. By special arrangement with the public and parochial 
schools of the District of Columbia and surrounding counties of Mary- 
land and Virginia, these volunteers conducted tours for 59,989 chil- 
dren, an increase of 8,069 children over last year’s total. 

Forty-one lectures were delivered in the auditorium on Sunday 
afternoons. Five of these were delivered by staff members, and 30 by 
guest lecturers. Kathleen Raine delivered the Eleventh Annual Se- 
ries of the Andrew W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts on six consec- 
utive Sundays beginning on March 4 on the subject “Wisdom of the 
Ages: A Study of the Traditional Sources of William Blake.” 

The slide library of the educational department has a total of 44,274 
slides in its permanent and lending collections. During the year 2,244 
slides were added to the collections. In all, 250 persons borrowed a 
total of 11,229 slides from the collections. It is estimated these slides 
were seen by 20,780 viewers. 

Members of the staff participated in outside activities delivering 
lectures, teaching courses, and attending classes in foreign universities. 
Also members of the staff prepared scripts for the Lectour recordings 
and for radio talks and wrote the material used in the school tour pro- 
gram and the slide lending program. 

A printed calendar of events was prepared and distributed monthly 
to a mailing list of about 9,300 names. This is an increase over last 
year of 1,747 names. 

EXTENSION SERVICES 


The extension service continued under the direction of the curator 
of the Index of American Design, Dr. Grose Evans. This service 
circulates to the public the traveling exhibits, Gallery films, and slide 
lecture sets. There are 26 traveling exhibits in circulation, lent free of 
charge except for transportation charges. These were circulated in 
156 bookings and were seen by an estimated 78,000 viewers. Three 


208 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


special exhibits were prepared by special request and circulated. 
Preparation was begun on a program to circulate exhibits in the school 
systems of New York state. 

Three films were circulated in 139 bookings and were seen by an 
estimated 41,700 viewers. A total of 930 sets of slide lectures on a 
variety of subjects were circulated in 2,019 bookings and seen by ap- 
proximately 121,150 viewers. The extension services this year reached 
approximately 240,850 persons, an increase over last year of 88,870. 


LIBRARY 


During the year the library, under the supervision of Miss Ruth 
Carlson, accessioned 4,897 publications of which 3,955 were received 
by exchange, as gifts, or purchased from private funds. Government 
funds were used to purchase 13 books and 26 subscriptions to periodi- 
cals, and for the binding of 188 volumes of periodicals. In all, 1,279 
photegraphs were added this year and were acquired by exchange or 
by purchase from private funds. 

During the year the library classified and cataloged 1,667 publica- 
tions, 6,384 cards were filed, and 2,517 periodicals were recorded. 
There were 8,781 periodicals circulated, and 3,622 books borrowed by 
members of the staff. This year the library sold 9 duplicate books 
and disposed of 500 periodicals to the United States Book Exchange. 
A total of 1,488 books and 4 microfilms were borrowed on interlibrary 
loan. 

The exchange program became a library function during the year 
and 570 National Gallery of Art publications were distributed. 

The library maintains a stock of black-and-white photographs of 
works of art in the Gallery’s collections. These are maintained for 
the use of the staff, for exchange, for reproduction in approved pub- 
lications and for sale to the public. Approximately 6,108 photographs 
were stocked in the library during the year and 1,243 orders for 6,014 
photographs were filled. There were 366 permits for reproduction 
of 1,319 subjects processed. 


INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN 


The Index of American Design under the supervision of Dr. Grose 
Evans circulated 106 sets of color slides (5,806) throughout the coun- 
try; and 230 photegraphs of Index material were used for exhibits, 
study, publicity, and reproduction in approved publications. The 
photographic file was increased by 69 negatives and 260 prints. 
Twenty-eight permits to reproduce 103 subjects from the Index were 
issued. 

The material in the Index of American Design was studied during 
the year by 458 persons doing special research and for publication, 
exhibition, and use by designers. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 209 


The curator of the Index of American Design took part again in 
the orientation program of USIA personnel and delivered 8 lectures 
to approximately 251 people on American folk art. He also delivered 
five lectures to school and club groups. Dr. Evans conducted a series 
of 45 television lectures on the history of painting. 


MAINTENANCE OF BUILDING AND GROUNDS 


The Gallery building, mechanical equipment, and grounds were 
maintained at the established standards throughout the year. 

A new security system, protecting all exterior entrances and exits, 
was installed jointly by the Gallery staff and the Federal Engineering 
Co. This system provides for the sounding of an alarm in the Na- 
tional Gallery of Art Guard Office simultaneously with the sounding 
of an alarm at the Federal Engineering Co. headquarters, should any 
of the exterior doors, windows, or exterior ducts be opened during 
specified periods. 

Specially designed acoustic tile was installed in the compressor 
room to lower the sound level as a protection for the hearing of em- 
ployees working in that area. 

An additional sprinkler system, tied in with the ADT alarm system, 
was installed in the unfinished area, G—15, on the ground floor. 

The Gallery greenhouse continued to produce flowering and foliage 
plants in quantities sufficient for all decorative needs of special open- 
ings and day-to-day requirements of the Garden Courts. 

The planting of zoysia grasses in exposed lawns and parking strips 
continued. After experimentally determining that Emerald zoysia is 
apparently hardy under Gallery conditions, the planting of this strain 
is being undertaken in all areas which were not previously planted 
with Meyer zoysia or zoysia matrella. 


LECTOUR 


The Gallery’s electronic guide system, Lectour, was increased by 
over 50 percent in September 1961, when 11 new rooms were added 
to the 20 already wired for broadcast. This additional equipment 
makes it possible for the first time for visitors to have the benefit of 
Lectour in the Gallery’s collection of decorative art on the ground 
floor. 

During the fiscal year 1962 Lectour was used by 87,736 visitors. 

Lectour broadcasts were prepared for the special exhibitions of the 
Kress Gift to the Nation, Eakins Retrospective Exhibition, and 
English Drawings and Water Colors. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


Forty Sunday evening Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation concerts 
were given in the Kast Garden court. The National Gallery of Art 


210 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


orchestra conducted by Richard Bales played 10 of these concerts. 
Two were made possible in part by the Music Performance Trust 
Fund of the American Federation of Musicians. The National Gal- 
lery Strings, conducted by Mr. Bales, furnished music during the 
Thomas Eakins opening on October 7, 1961, and at the opening of 
English Water Colors on February 17, 1962. The concert on Sun- 
day, October 22, 1961, was dedicated to United Nations Day. Five 
consecutive Sunday evenings during May and June were devoted to 
the Gallery’s 19th American Music Festival. All concerts were 
broadcast by Station WGMS-AM and FM in stereophonic sound. 
Washington music critics covered the concerts. Intermission talks 
during the broadcasts were delivered by members of the Educational 
Department staff on works of art in the Gallery, and on music by Mr. 
Bales. During the season Mr. Bales and the National Gallery 
orchestra played a number of engagements outside the Gallery’s 
regular programs. Two hour-long television programs of the Na- 
tional Gallery orchestra with Mr. Bales conducting were shown on 
WTOP. Mr. Bales received an award for his outstanding contribu- 
tions to American music from the Academy of Achievement, Monte- 
rey, Calif., and the National Gallery of Art received an Award of 
Merit from the National Federation of Music Clubs for its participa- 
tion in the performance of American music. 

In response to requests, 27,268 copies of the pamphlet “A Cordial 
Invitation from the Director” and 2,264 copies of the Gallery’s in- 
formation booklet were sent to members of Congress and to organiza- 
tions holding conventions in Washington, D.C. 

Henry B. Beville, the head of the Gallery’s photographic labora- 
tory, and his staff processed 26,661 items including negatives, prints, 
color transparencies, color separations, and slides. 

A total of 232 permits to copy works of art and 124 permits to 
photograph works of art were issued. 


AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY 


An audit of the private funds of the Gallery will be made for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 1962, by Price Waterhouse & Co., public 
accountants. A report of the audit will be forwarded to the Gallery. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Hountineron Catrns, Secretary. 


Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Library 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- 
tivities of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 
1962: 

The library continued to furnish pertinent literature and informa- 
tion in support of the various programs and activities of the Institu- 
tion. 

ACQUISITIONS 


Publications received during the year totaled 84,061. In this num- 
ber are represented 2,475 purchased books, subscriptions to 826 jour- 
nals, and publications received as gifts and exchanges. In coopera- 
tion with scientific and learned organizations throughout the world, 
83 new exchanges were established. In addition, approximately 
1,750 volumes, which had been specially requested by staff members, 
were received. 

Outstanding gifts from interested donors provided the library with 
many valuable and difficult to locate publications. Some of these 
include: 


The Encyclopedia Americana, the 1829 and the 1962 Seattle World’s Fair 
editions, from the Americana Corp., New York. Accepted by Dr. Leonard Car- 
michael in a special ceremony in the Board of Regents Room, May 1, 1962. 

342 items on architecture and town planning, from Hilbert Peets, Washington, 
D.C. 

Collection of scientific publications, from W. J. Hammer (bequest). 

Scottish Art Review, vols. 1-7, from J. Ramsay, Braidwood, Glasgow, Scot- 
land. 

Price lists, catalogs, books, and pamphlets on the history of dentistry, from 
Edward H. Angle (bequest). 

The Melander collection of 262 volumes on Diptera, from Dr. J. F. Gates 
Clarke, U.S. National Museum. 

“Ran Leaves,” by Fan Guild of Boston, from Mrs. Frank C. Doble, Belmont. 
Mass. 

41 volumes on mechanical and civil engineering, from Mrs. Carolyn H. Hd- 
wards, Glen Echo, Md. 

5 books on weapons, from Mrs. John Oliver LaGorce, Washington, D.C. 

“Primitive into Painter,” by William B. O’Neal, from the author, Charlottes- 
ville, Va. 

Relacién de Michoacan, 1541 (facsimile), from His Excellency Mariano de 
Yturralde y Orbegoso, the Ambassador of Spain, Washington, D.C. 

17 volumes on ceramics and glass, from Dr. Hans Syz, Westport, Conn. 

34 volumes on physical sciences, from the U.S. Naval Observatory Library. 


211 


212 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Collection of journals, from Mrs. DeWitt C. Ramsay, Washington, D.C. 

4 trade catalogs, from C. V. 8. Roosevelt, Washington, D.C. 

In conjunction with the library’s exchange program, a total of 
32,055 pieces of duplicate and extraneous materials were sent to other 
libraries. This included 26,717 items forwarded to the Library of 
Congress and 2,481 dissertations sent to the National Library of 
Medicine. 

In all, 116,116 pieces of material were handled by the acquisitions 
section during the year. 


REFERENCE AND CIRCULATION 


The reference librarians answered 30,498 requests for specific types 
of information, replied to 3,441 pieces of correspondence, circulated 
33,(04 books and journals, and cleared the loan records of 26,269 
volumes. No circulation record is maintained of those books and 
journals assigned to divisional libraries. Publications borrowed from 
other libraries, chiefly the Library of Congress, totaled 5,386; ap- 
proximately 1,503 volumes were lent. The number of persons using 
the reading and reference facilities of the central and branch libraries 
totaled 24,423, an increase of 9,903 over the previous year. Additional 
funds enabled the library to purchase seriously needed reference and 
bibliographical materials. 


CATALOGING AND BINDING 


The organization and control of the library’s collection are necessary 
to provide an effective library program for the staff of the Institution. 

The catalog section cataloged 6,564 volumes, recataloged 344 vol- 
umes, transferred 537 volumes, recorded 29,967 serials in the Serial 
Record, and filed 34,568 cards into the card catalog. 

The binding unit prepared 6,400 volumes of books and journals for 
binding by a commercial binder. The Editorial and Publications Di- 
vision designed end papers to be used for all newly bound or rebound 
books and journals, which attractively indicate Smithsonian. owner- 
ship. The skilled hand-binding staff preserved 3,049 volumes and 
pamphlets which were either too fragile or valuable to be sent outside 
the Institution for repair. This program, to preserve our valuable 
research and source materials, continues on a rewarding basis. 


PROGRAMS AND FACILITIES 


The library staff continued to develop and put into practice new 
procedures, routines, and form letters which provided more efficient 
and expeditious operations. In the central library, for example, 
45,000 volumes were rearranged and filed in one sequence on the shelves. 
Such improvements are important to the functioning of the library as 
a, whole. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 213 


During the year the library staff assisted in the Smithsonian exhibi- 
tion program by conducting extensive research to provide background 
information and appropriate illustrations for proposed exhibits. 

Careful consideration was given to the efficient and economic ar- 
rangement of space and equipment in the library’s allotted area in 
the east and west ranges in the Natural History Building. Floor plans 
were made for the library of the National Collection of Fine Arts and 
the National Portrait Gallery in the Patent Office Building. 

A Xerox 914 book copier was acquired for the purpose of extending 
library services. This quick photocopying equipment provides the 
research staff with library materials that are needed for long-term 
use, particularly those that are out of print and/or difficult to locate. 


STAFF CHANGES AND ACTIVITIES 


Mrs. Etta C. Bachrach, formerly with the National Library of 
Medicine, joined the catalog section staff in April. Miss Janice 
Brown, chief of the reference and circulation section, retired on 
May 18. 

During the year, staff members attended the International Confer- 
ence on Cataloguing Principles sponsored by UNESCO in Paris, 
France, the American Library Association’s annual conference, the 
American Library Association’s Library Buildings and Equipment 
Institutes, the Special Libraries Association’s conference, and U.S. 
Book Exchange meetings. Staff members also visited the Biblicthéque 
National in Paris and the Library for the National Portrait Gallery 
in London. 

BRANCH LIBRARIES 


The branch library for the Museum of History and Technology 
answered 13,327 reference questions, circulated 12,847 books and 
journals, and provided assistance to 5,591 visitors to the library. The 
trade catalog collection was enriched by the addition of 816 commer- 
cial catalogs, many of which are rare and out of print. A concentrated 
effort is being made to organize this collection prior to its move into 
the new Museum of History and Technology building. A twice- 
monthly accessions list was continued with gratifying results. 

The importance of the Bureau of American Ethnology branch h- 
brary’s valuable collection of materials on the North American Indians 
was recognized by steps taken during the year toward making this 
better available to Smithsonian and visiting scientists. The physical 
appearance and lighting arrangements were improved, and Mrs. Carol 
F. Jopling, formerly with the U.S. Information Agency, was ap- 
pointed as librarian. 

Procedures were put into effect for the operation of the branch 
library of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, 


214 |= ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Mass. The acquisition of all library materials for SAO is conducted 
by the central library, but the materials are delivered directly to Cam- 
bridge where the cataloging is performed. This procedure makes 
' books and journals available more rapidly to the SAO staff than was 
heretofore possible. Approximately 5,625 visitors availed themselves 
of this library, 905 books and journals were circulated, and 275 
reference questions were answered. 

The division of insects branch library of approximately 18,000 
volumes was moved to Lamont Street in April, along with the divi- 
sion itself and the U.S. Department of et oultare Insect Identifica- 
tion Branch. 

SUMMARIZED STATISTICS 
ACCESSIONS 


Volumes |Total recorded 
volumes, 1962 


Smithsonian Central Library including the Museum of Nat- 


Una ELIS COM y oe Pe ea Se he ran eR ha a a ala 2, 623 345, 931 
Museum of History and PMechnology; sex 2 Ye a! ae 2, 959 
Astrophysical Observatory (SD) 2 eee eee Se 4 13, 404 
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass_ 296 1, 700 
Radiation and Organisms: ) 26 SOM Mane Pie hee eas 170 2, 039 
Bureauof AmericanyEthnology 22h 40 i prs ei 289 39, 180 
National: Airs Museums. eos jhe A be ea Ts 135 951 
National Collection of Fine Arts__________-__.______--_- 86 14, 391 
National Zoological Parke vi. 0. ieie ii on Sy eye s Une n oe aal 1 4,297 
Science) Information Mi xchamgewe as. main Mein ya yan tee 1 1 

Motarbe 2 Oe ARE NG Re a ae 6, 564 421, 894 


Unbound volumes of periodicals and reprints and separates from serial publi- 
cations, of which there are many thousands, have not been included in the above 
totals. 


Exchanges: 
New. exchanges: arranged 2 Sco e Soon Ue oe Se eee 83 
Specially requested publications received___...__-._..-------_---- 1, 750 
Cataloging: 
Volumes catalogedos is sux. dseu. loser tien amg 2d eee es 7, 445 
Catalog cards filed i) 2 ou ok Ni Se a op i ey ee eee 34, 568 
Serials: Number of serials recorded_______________-____-____-__-___-_- 29, 967 
Circulation: Loans of books and periodicals___._..__._._____-__-_.__- 33, 704 
Binding and Repair: 
Volumes sentsto:the) bindery 220 _ 0728 Sialic 2 aie, Oe Aes 6, 400 
Volumes; repaired in the library 222222 242 52s ee ee ee 3, 049 


Respectfully submitted. 
Rutu E. Biancuarp, Librarian. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on Publications 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi- 
cations of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for the year 
ended June 30, 1961: 

The publications of the Smithsonian Institution are issued partly 
from federally appropriated funds (Smithsonian Reports and publi- 
cations of the National Museum, the Bureau of American Ethnology, 
and the Astrophysical Observatory) and partly from private endow- 
ment funds (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, publications of 
the Freer Gallery of Art, and some special publications). The Insti- 
tution also edits and publishes under the auspices of the Freer Gallery 
of Art the series Ars Orientalis, which appears under the joint im- 
print of the University of Michigan and the Smithsonian Institution. 
In addition, the Smithsonian publishes a guidebook, a picture pam- 
phlet, postcards and a postcard folder, color slides, a filmstrip on 
Smithsonian exhibits, a coloring book for children, and popular 
publications on scientific and historical subjects related to its impor- 
tant exhibits and collections for sale to visitors. Through its publica- 
tion program the Smithsonian endeavors to carry out its founder’s 
expressed desire for the diffusion of knowledge. 

During the year the Institution published 12 Smithsonian Miscel- 
laneous Collections papers; 1 Annual Report of the Board of Regents 
and separates of 21 articles in the General Appendix; 1 Annual Re- 
port of the Secretary; 2 special publications; and reprints of 3 publi- 
cations. 

The U.S. National Museum issued 1 Annual Report, 4 bulletins, 
5 papers in the series Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium, 
10 papers in the series Contributions from the Museum of History and 
Technology, and 12 Proceedings papers. 

The Bureau of American Ethnology issued 1 Annual Report and 
3 Bulletins. 

The Astrophysical Observatory issued 4 papers in the series Smith- 
sonian Contributions to Astrophysics. 

The Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service, under the National 
Collection of Fine Arts, published 5 catalogs. 


DISTRIBUTION 


Requests for publications and information continued to show a 
substantial increase during the year. The publications distribution 
658366—62——15 215 


216 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


section, under the immediate direction of Mrs. Eileen M. McCarthy, 
received 37,609 requests for publications from foreign and domestic 
libraries, universities, research institutions, educational establishments, 
and individuals throughout the world. Visitors to the office and re- 
plies to inquiries numbered 28,938. 

A total of 817,695 copies of publications and miscellaneous items 
were distributed : 26 Contributions to Knowledge; 34,396 Smithsonian 
Miscellaneous Collections; 7,801 Annual Report volumes and 383,210 
pamphlet copies of Report separates; 48,328 special publications; 244 
reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition; 60,473 publications of 
the National Museum; 19,326 publications of the Bureau of American 
Kthnology; 21,276 publications of the National Collection of Fine 
Arts; 526 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art?; 21 Annals of 
the Astrophysical Observatory; 7,674 Smithsonian Contributions to 
Astrophysics publications; 789 War Background Studies; 3,349 re- 
ports of the American Historical Association; and 5,800 publications 
not issued by the Smithsonian Institution. Miscellaneous items: 3 
sets of North American Wild Flowers and 162 North American Wild 
Flower prints; 23 Pitcher Plant volumes; 60,384 Guide Books; 17,919 
picture pamphlets; 320,441 postcards, 122,753 postcard folders, 18,267 
color slides; 122,753 information leafiets; 372 statuettes; 3,761 View- 
master reels. 

The distribution section assisted also in the distribution to libraries 
of three titles published as a result of the Institution’s participation 
in the translation program of the National Science Foundation: 
Studies on Crustacea of the Red Sea, part 1, by O. Paul’son; Fauna 
of U.S.S.R.: Birds, vol. 2, No. 8, Charadriiformes, Suborder Alcae, 
by E. V. Kozlova; and Ecology of Sea Colony Birds of the Barents 
Sea, by L. O. Belopol’skii. 


SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 
Tn this series, under the immediate editorship of Miss Ruth B. Mac- 
Manus, there were issued 12 papers as follows: 
Volume 142 


No. 2. Folk religion in Southwest China, by David C. Graham. 246 pp., 28 pls., 
10 figs. (Publ. 4457.) November 1, 1961. ($4.) 

No. 4. Cenozoic and Cretaceous echinoids from Trinidad and Venezuela, by C. 
Wythe Cooke. 35 pp., 14 pls. (Publ. 4459.) August 18, 1961. ($1.25.) 


Volume 143 


No. 3. Supplement to the annotated, subject-heading bibliography of termites, 
1955-1960, by Thomas H. Snyder. 137 pp. (Publ. 4463.) December 29, 1961. 
($1.50. ) 


1JIn addition to those distributed by the Gallery itself. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 217 


No. 4. Comparison of tektite specimens from Empire, Georgia, and Martha’s 
Vineyard, Massachusetts, by Roy S. Clarke, Jr., and Maxwell K. Carron. 
18 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 4465.) August 24, 1961. (60 cents.) 

No. 5. A long-range temperature forecast, by C. G. Abbot. 46 pp. 5 figs. 
(Publ. 4471.) October 27,1961. .(75 cents.) 

No. 6. The caterpillar and the butterfly, by R. E. Snodgrass. 51 pp., 17 figs. 
(Publ. 4472.) November 3,1961. (75 cents.) 

No. 7. The organization and probable evolution of some mixed species flocks 
of Neotropical birds, by M. Moynihan. 140 pp. (Publ. 4473.) March 5, 
1962. ($1.50.) 

Volume 144 


No. 1. A further study of the lower Eocene mammalian faunas of southwestern 
Wyoming, by C. Lewis Gazin. 98 pp., 14 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 4474.) January 17, 
1962. ($1.50.) 

No. 2. Dimensional relationships for flying animals, by Crawford H. Greene 
walt. 46 pp.,17 figs. (Publ. 4477.) April6,1962. ($2.) 

No. 3. Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids, by Porter M. Kier. 262 pp., 44 pls., 
184 figs. (Publ. 4500.) June 26,1962. ($5.) 


Volume 145 


No. 1. Systematic notes concerned with the avifauna of Panama, by Alexander 
Wetmore. 14 pp. (Publ. 4501.) June 26, 1962. (80 cents.) 

No. 2. Notes on fossil and subfossil birds, by Alexander Wetmore. 17 pp., 2 
figs. (Publ. 4502.) June 26,1962. (380 cents.) 


SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS 


REPORT FOR 1960 


The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents 
for 1960 was received from the printer on October 4, 1961: 


Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing 
the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ended 
June 30, 1960. x-+605 pp., illus. (Publ. 4435.) 


The general appendix contained the following papers (Publ. 4436- 
4456) : 


The science of yesterday, today, and tomorrow, by W. F. G. Swann. 

The origin and nature of the moon, by Harold C. Urey. 

Exploring the solar system by radar, by Paul E. Green, Jr., and Gordon H. 
Pettengill. 

Digital computers: Their history, operation, and use, by H. M. McCormick. 

Navigation—from canoes to spaceships, by Charles §. Draper. 

Photography of the ocean floor, by A. 8S. Laughton. 

History of a tsunami, by Elliott B. Roberts. 

Hailstorms and hailstones of the western Great Plains, by Vincent J. Schaefer. 

The 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, by Donald H. Richter and Jerry P. 
Eaton. 

Diamonds, by H. J. Logie. 

Seeing the magnetization in transparent magnetic crystals, by J. F. Dillon, Jr. 

Biophysics of bird flight, by August Raspet. 


218 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Animal societies, from slime molds to man, by R. H. Snodgrass. 

Luminescence in marine organisms, by J. A. C. Nicol. 

Trumpets in the West, by William B. Morse. 

Problems involved in the development of clam farms, by Harry J. Turner, Jr. 
The growth of cotton fiber science in the United States, by Arthur W. Palmer. 
Rice—Basic food for one-third of the earth’s people, by Raymond E. Crist. 
The River Basin salvage program: After 15 years, by Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. 
New Worid prehistory, by Gordon R. Willey. 

The art of Seth Eastman, by John Francis McDermott. 


REPORT FOR 1961 


The report of the Secretary, which will form part of the 1961 
Annual Report of the Board of Regents, was issued January 25, 1962. 


Report of the Secretary and financial report of the Executive Committee of the 
Board of Regents for the year ended June 30, 1961. x+2386 pp., 14 pls. (Publ. 
4475.) 

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS 


European military museums, by J. Lee Westrate. 206 pp., 13 pls. (Publ. 4432.) 
[July 17] 1961. ($4.) 

Smithsonian publications available for distribution December 31, 1960. 46 pp. 
(Publ. 4464.) [July 12] 1961. 


REPRINTS 


The First Ladies Hall, by Margaret W. Brown [Klapthor]. (Revised.) 12 pp., 
illus. (Publ. 4212.) [Oct. 15] 1961. (25 cents.) 

Solar variations and weather, by Charles Greeley Abbot. 48 pp., illus. (Publ. 
4505.) [May 4, 1962.] (50 cents.) Reprinted from “The Sun and the Welfare 
of Man,” volume 2 of the Smithsonian Scientific Series, pp. 188-182, 1943. 

Smithsonian Mathematical Tables: Hyperbolic functions, prepared by George 
F. Becker and C. E. Van Orstrand. (7th reprint.) lii+321 pp. (Publ. 1871.) 
August 25,1961. ($5.) 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The editorial work of the National Museum continued during the 
year under the immediate direction of John S. Lea, assistant chief of 
the division. The following publications were issued: 


REPORT 


The United States National Museum annual report for the year ended June 30, 
1961. Pp. viii+188, illus. January 25, 1962. 


BULLETINS 


216, part 3. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 3. Subfamily Gelinae, 
Tribe Mesostenini, by Henry and Marjorie Townes. Pp. viii-+602, 400 figs. 
Mar. 138, 1962. 

222. John Baptist Jackson: 18th-century master of the color woodcut, by Jacob 
Kainen. Pp. xii+183, illus.101 (12in color). June 1, 1962. 

224. Robber flies of the world: The genera of the family Asilidae, by Frank M. 
Hull. Pp., pt. 1, x-+480, pt. 2, v+-431-907. June 25, 1962. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 219 


225. Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, papers 12-18, 
by members of the staff and others: 
Paper 17. The effect of Bacon’s Rebellion on government in England and 
Virginia, by Wilcomb EH. Washburn. Pp. 135-152, 8 figs. February 16, 1962. 
Paper 18. Excavations at Rosewell in Gloucester County, Virginia, 1957- 
1959, by Ivor Noél Hume. Pp. 153-229, 38 figs. May 24, 1962. 
228. Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, papers 19-380, 
by members of the staff and others: 
Paper 21. The pioneer steamship Savannah: A study for a scale model, by 
Howard I. Chapelle. Pp. 61-80, 9 figs. Sept. 15, 1961. 
Paper 22. Drawings and pharmacy in al-Zahrawi’s 10th-century surgical 
treatise, by Sami Hamarneh. Pp. 81-94, 21 figs. Oct. 10, 1961. 
Paper 23. The introduction of self-registering meteorclogical instruments, by 
Robert P. Multhauf. Pp. 95-116, 16 figs. Sept. 6, 1961. 
Paper 24. Introduction of the locomotive safety truck, by John H. White. 
Pp. 117-131, 12 figs. Sept. 5, 1961. 
Paper 25. The migrations of an American boat type, by Howard I. Chapelle 
Pp. 183-154, 20 figs. Nov. 6, 1961. 
Paper 26. Holcomb, Fitz, and Peate: Three 19th-century American telescope 
makers, with introduction by Robert P. Multhauf. Pp. 155-184, 15 figs. 
Jan. 15, 1962. 
Paper 27. Kinematics of mechanisms from the time of Watt, by Eugene S. 
Ferguson. Pp. 185-230, 46 figs. Feb. 14, 1962. 
Paper 28. The development of electrical technology in the 19th century: 
1. The electrochemical cell and the electromagnet, by W. James King. 
Pp. 231-271, 71 figs. Jan. 15, 1962. 
232. The lithographs of Childe Hassam, a catalog, by Fuller Griffith. Pp. 
vii+66, 45 figs. June 29, 1962. 


CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 


Volume 35 


Part 3. Origins of the flora of southern Brazil, by Lyman B. Smith. Pp. 
viii 215-249, 42 figs., 4 pls. Mar. 19, 1962. 

Part 4. A synopsis of the American Velloziaceae, by Lyman B. Smith. Pp. 25i- 
292,12 pls. Mar. 19, 1962. 

Part 5. Synopsis of the South American species of Vismia (Guttiferae), by Joseph 
Hwan. Pp. 293-377, 7 pls. June 5, 1962. 


Volume 86 


Part 2. Marine algae from the tropical Atlantic Ocean: V. Algae from the Lesser 
Antilles, by William Randolph Taylor. Pp. 43-62, 4 pls. Jan. 31, 1962. 


Volume 87 


Part 1. Studies of Pacific island plants, XVII: The genus Geniostoma (Logania- 
ceae) in the New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga, by Albert C. Smith and 
Benjamin C. Stone. Pp, 1-41,3 pls. Jan. 5, 1962. 


PROCEEDINGS 


Volume 112 


No. 3449. Revision of the marine silver hatchetfishes (family Sternoptychidae), 
by Leonard P. Schultz. Pp. 587-649, 26 figs. Sept. 7, 1961. 
Title page, table of contents, and index. Pp. i-vii, 651-677. Feb. 14, 1962. 


220 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Volume 113 


No. 3453. Notes on Australian flies of the family Conopidae, by Sidney Camras. 
Pp. 61-76. Aug. 1, 1961. 

No. 3454. New and previously known millipeds of Panama, by H. EF. Loomis. 
Pp. 77-123, 8 figs. Aug. 16, 1961. 

No. 3455. New genera and new species of lacebugs from the Eastern Hemisphere 
(Hemiptera: Tingidae), by Carl J. Drake and Florence A. Ruhoff. Pp. 125— 
183, 24 figs. Aug. 1, 1961. 

No. 3456. The weevil genus Smicronyz in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera : 
Curculionidae), by Donald M. Anderson. Pp. 185-372, 157 figs., 1 pl. May 
31, 1962. 

No. 3457. Neotropical Microlepidoptera, I and II, by J. F. Gates Clarke. Pp, 
373-888, 9 figs. Apr. 30, 1962. 

No. 3458. Two new species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda: Harpacticoidea) from 
Santa Catarina, Brazil, by Hans Jakobi and Jayme de Loyola e Silva. Pp. 
389-397, 2 figs. June 5, 1962. 

No. 3460. Water-striders of the subgenus Stridulivelia from Mexico, Central 
America, and the West Indies (Hemiptera: Veliidae), by Carl J. Drake and 
Arnold 8. Menke. Pp. 4138-419, 3 pls. June 19, 1962. 

No. 3462. New and little-known species of South and Central American land 
snails (Bulimulidae), by Juan José Parodiz. Pp. 429-456, 2 pls. June 4, 1962. 

No. 3463. Gorgonolaureus, a new genus of ascothoracid barnacle endoparasitic 
in Octocorallia, by Huzio Utinomi. Pp. 457-464, 9 figs. June 19, 1962. 

No. 3464. Larvae of the caddis-fly genus Rhyacophila in eastern North America 
(Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae), by Oliver S. Flint, Jr. Pp. 465-493, 11 figs. 
May 31, 19€2. 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 


The editorial work of the Bureau continued during the year under 
the immediate direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. The following 
publications were issued : 


Seventy-eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1960-61. 
ii+33 pp., 2 pls. 1962. 

Bulletin 175. Mohave ethnopsychiatry and suicide: The psychiatric knowledge 
and the psychie disturbances of an Indian tribe, by George Devereux. vi+586 
pp., 10 pls. 1961. 

Bulletin 179. River Basin Surveys Papers, Nos. 21-24, Frank H. H. Roberts, 
Jr., editor. xviii+-337 pp., 56 pls., 43 figs. 1961. 

No. 21. Excavations at Texarkana Reservoir, Sulphur River, Texas, by 
Edward B. Jelks. 

No. 22. Archeological investigations at the Coralville Reservoir, Iowa, by 
Warren W. Caldwell. 

No. 23. The MeNary Reservoir: A study in Plateau archeology, by Joel L. 
Shiner. 

No. 24. The Sheep Island site and the Mid-Columbia Valley, by Douglas 
Osborne, Alan Bryan, and Robert H. Crabtree. 

Bulletin 183. Seneca Thanksgiving rituals, by Wallace L. Chafe. iii+302 pp. 
1961. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 22M 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 


The editorial work of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 
continued under the immediate direction of Ernest E. Biebighauser. 
The year’s publications in the series Smithsonian Contributions to 
Astrophysics are as follows: 

Volume 4 
No. 4. Precision orbits of 413 photographic meteors, by Luigi G. Jacchia and 
Fred L. Whipple. Pp. 97-129, 6 figs. 1961. (Corrected edition.) 


Volume 5 


No. 9. Rotation of an earth satellite in flight along its orbit, by Yusuke Hagihara. 
Pp. 113-143, 5 figs. 1961. 

No, 10. Sampling dust from the stratosphere, by Paul W. Hodge. Pp. 145-152, 
2 figs., 2 pls. 1961. 

No. 11. On the A and @ operators of radiative transfer theory, by S. 8S. Kumar. 
Pp. 153-185, 8 figs. 1962. 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS 


The following catalogs were issued by the Smithsonian Traveling 

Exhibition Service during the year: 

Drawings by sculptors. 16 pp., illus. 1961. 

Belgian drawings from Ensor to Delvaux. 32 pp., illus. 1961. 

Tutankhamun treasures. 46 pp., illus. 1961. 

Tiepolo drawings from the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. 32 pp., illus. 
1961. 

Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibitions. 1962-63 catalog. 70 pp. 


REPORTS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 


The annual reports of the American Historical Association are 
transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian 
Institution and are by him communicated to Congress, as provided in 
the act of incorporation of the Association. The following report 
was issued during the year: 


Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1960. Vol. 1. 
Proceedings. 1961. 


REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN 
REVOLUTION 


In accordance with law, the manuscript of the sixty-fourth annual 
report of the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, 
was transmitted to Congress on March 6, 1962. 


1D.A.R. reports are published as Senate documents and are not available from the Smith- 
sonian Institution, 


222 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


The chief of the division continued to represent the Smithsonian 
Institution on the board of trustees of the Greater Washington Edu- 
cational Television Association, Inc., of which the Institution is a 
member, and served on its executive committee. He also represented 
the Institution at the annual meeting of the Association of American 
University Presses held in June at Palo Alto, Calif. 

A noteworthy item in press at the close of the year was an “Author- 
Subject Index to Articles in Smithsonian Annual Reports, 1849-1961,” 
compiled and edited under the direction of the editorial and publica- 
tions division. 

The division, as well as other branches of the Institution, cooperated 
with the National Science Foundation during the year in the prepara- 
tion of No. 13 of the Foundation’s series of bulletins describing the 
policies and practices of Federal agencies relative to their scientific 
and technical information activities. This bulletin, on the scientific 
information activities of the Smithsonian Institution, was published 
by the Foundation in June. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Pauu H. Orusrr, 
Chief, Editorial and Publications Division. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Snuthsonian Institution. 


Other Activities 


LECTURES 


In 1931 the Smithsonian Institution received a bequest from James 
Arthur, of New York City, a part of the income from which was to 
be used to endow an annual lecture on some aspect of the sun. The 
28th Arthur lecture was delivered in the auditorium of the Natural 
History Building on the evening of May 8, 1962, by Dr. Martin 
Schwarzschild, Eugene Higgins professor of astronomy, Princeton 
University. His subject was “Astronomical Photography from the 
Stratosphere.” 

Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle, USAF (Ret.), delivered the third 
Lester D. Gardner lecture, on “Karly Blind Flying,” in the auditorium 
of the Natural History Building on the evening of September 28, 
1961. ‘This lecture was published in full in the general appendix of 
the Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution for 1961 (pp. 337-3855). 

Dr. Rodney Young, professor of classical archaeology, University of 
Pennsylvania, lectured on “Gordion on the Royal Road” in the audito- 
rium of the Natural History Building on the evening of February 8, 
1962. This was sponsored jointly by the Smithsonian Institution and 
the Archaeological Institute of America. 

Several lectures were sponsored by the Freer Gallery of Art and the 
National Gallery of Art. These are listed in the reports of these 
bureaus. 

SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE 


The Science Information Exchange receives, organizes, and dis- 
seminates information on scientific research in progress. Its mission 
is to facilitate planning and management of scientific research ac- 
tivities supported by Government and non-Government agencies and 
institutions by promoting the exchange of information that concerns 
subject matter, distribution, level of effort, and other data pertaining 
to current research in the prepublication stage. It helps program 
directors and administrators to avoid unwanted duplication and to 
determine the most advantageous distribution of research funds. It 
serves the entire scientific community by informing individual in- 


223 


224 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


vestigators about who is currently working on problems in their 
special fields. Funds for the operation of the Science Information 
Exchange were provided by the principal Federal agencies served. 

This year the Exchange was reorganized and expanded to under- 
take the registration of research in the physical sciences in addition to 
the established program in the biological, medical, and social sciences. 
This expansion, projected over 18 months, involves the reorganization 
of the Exchange, the acquisition of enlarged computer facilities, a 
professional staff for the new physical sciences division, and a pro- 
gram for a systems analysis and control intended to coordinate effi- 
ciently the complex operational procedures. 

The new physical sciences division is being organized around an 
initial collection of basic and applied research records in the fields of 
chemistry, physics, mathematics, earth sciences, materials, and elec- 
tronics. Five specialists now form the nucleus of this staff. About 
4,000 projects have been registered. The acquisition of another 3,000 
to 4,000 records over the next few months will afford a fairly repre- 
sentative sample of Government research in these research specialties. 

The life sciences division has had 12 years of successful operation 
in biology, medicine, psychology, and social sciences and continues to 
expand the scope and volume of its collection and services at a healthy 
rate. About 56,000 records of research proposals, awards, and con- 
tracts were received this year. About half a million copies of re- 
search records were selected and sent out in response to requests for 
information. Five new staff members were added to this division 
during the year. 

Dr. Stella Leche Deignan resigned as director of the Exchange in 
September to take a position with the National Institutes of Health. 
Dr. Monroe E. Freeman was appointed director to succeed her. Dr. 
David Hersey became associate director for the life sciences division. 
Harvey Marron was appointed assistant director for operations. 


SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM SERVICE 


The Smithsonian Museum Service, through appropriate educational 
media, interprets to museum visitors and to the general public the 
objects, specimens, and exhibits in the several Smithsonian museums 
and develops interpretative and educational material relating to the 
work of the Institution in the fields of science, natural history, art, 
and history. ‘The Museum Service also cooperates with the volunteer 
docents of the Junior League of Washington, D.C. A more complete 
report of this activity, directed by G. Carroll Lindsay, curator, is 
carried in the Report on the U.S. National Museum (pp. 38-40). 

The Museum Service provided assistance to professional groups and 
individuals visiting the museums of the Institution or planning to 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 225 


do so. Assistance in the form of lectures, answers to inquiries, and 
special tours of certain museum areas was rendered to college and 
university groups visiting the Institution and to other groups and in- 
dividuals from the United States and abroad, visiting or planning to 

visit the Smithsonian in a professional capacity. Mr. Lindsay served 
as consultant on museum organization and practices to representatives 
from other museums on several occasions. 

Arrangements were made through the Museum Service for Smith- 
sonian participation in the workshop on community resources spon- 
sored by the University of Maryland. Through the facilities of this 
workshop, a 5-day program outlining the history of the Institution 
and the work of the various Smithsonian museum and research 
bureaus was presented to 42 graduate students from the University 
of Maryland. This workshop has, since its inception in 1958, pro- 
vided an opportunity for more than 200 local school teachers and 
university faculty members to become acquainted with cultural re- 
sources of the Institution of value in school curricula. 

A radio lecture system has been installed in nine halls and in the 
rotunda of the Museum of Natural History, under the direction of the 
Museum Service. These lectures, written by the assistant curator, 
Mrs. Sophy D. Burnham, in cooperation with the various subject 
specialists involved, provide background information about the 34 
major areas of the halls included in the system. 

The Museum Service cooperated with WTOP-TV to produce the 
television program “The World of Mammals” and with WMAL-TV 
to produce the television film “The History of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution.” It also arranged for loans of objects to the Greater Wash- 
ington Educational Television Association for several of their educa- 
tional television programs and for spot announcements of the Junior 
League guided tours of the Smithsonian. 

Through the Museum Service, distribution of certain duplicate 
specimens and objects from the United States National Museum was 
made to the Overbrook School for the Blind for use in that school’s 
training of blind children. Special “touch” exhibits and demonstra- 
tions were arranged for a visiting group from the Perkins Institute for 
the Blind, Watertown, Mass. 

Mrs. Janet Stratton of the Museum Service staff directed the in- 
stallation of the exhibit “Jazz Memorabilia,” shown in the rotunda 
‘of the Arts and Industries Building in connection with the Jazz Fes- 
tival sponsored by the President’s Music Committee of the People-to- 
People program. 

The program for visitor orientation to Smithsonian Museums was 
continued through the installation of two floor plans and directories: 


226 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


placed in the original Smithsonian building, one at the north door 
and the other at the east door. In addition, signs were placed in the 
Natural History Building announcing special exhibits. 

A 6-week summer training program for high school students, orga- 
nized by Mrs. Arthur Goldberg and the Urban Service Corps, has been 
established. Its purpose is to acquaint the students with the location 
and content of the Smithsonian exhibits and the work of the Insti- 
tution so that they may acquaint small groups of their contemporaries 
with the exhibits of the Institution. 

A great many slides were added to the slide lending library, and two 
slide lectures were prepared, one on “The Smithsonian Institution” 
and the other on “Some Possessions of George Washington in the 
Smithsonian Institution.” 

Arrangements for various Smithsonian public functions and events 
including lectures, films, and the opening of new halls and exhibits 
were made by the Museum Service. More complete information about 
these activities will be found under appropriate headings elsewhere in 
this Report. Mailing lists for announcements of these events were 
maintained and kept current. 

The Smithsonian Calendar of Events, a listing of special events of 
the Institution, was prepared and distributed monthly. 

The curator attended the Annual Winterthur Seminars in Museum 
Operation and Connoisseurship held at Winterthur, Del., in May 
1962; the annual meeting of the Museum Stores Association held at the 
Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute in Utica, N.Y., and the Corning 
Museum of Glass, Corning, N.Y., in May 1962; and the annual meet- 
ing of the American Association of Museums held in Williamsburg, 
Va., in June 1962. Mrs. Burnham, the assistant curator, when in Eu- 
rope in March 1962 visited the British Museum; British Museum of 
Natural History; Science Museum, South Kensington; Victoria and 
Albert Museum; Riikjks Museum, Amsterdam; Palais de la Decou- 
verte; Musée de l’Homme; Unesco Museum Documentation Center; 
Jeu de Paume, Louvre, Paris. She also attended the annual meet- 
ing of the American Association of Museums held in June in 
Williamsburg. 

Mr. Lindsay traveled to Providence, R.I., to consult with the direc- 
tor and trustees of the Old Slater Mill and to the Youth Museum at 
Savannah, Ga., regarding various administrative problems of these 
museums. 


Report of the Executive Committee of the 
Board of Regents of the Smithsonian 
Institution 


For the Year Ended June 30, 1962 


To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: 

Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report 
in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with 
a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government 
bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution. 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
PARENT FUND 


The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s 6d— 
$508,818.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim, 
freight, insurance, and other incidental expenses, together with pay- 
ment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld 
during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the 
amount of $550,000. 

The gift of James Smithson was “lent to the United States Treas- 
ury, at 6 per centum per annum interest” (20 USC. 54) and by the 
Act of March 12, 1894 (20 USC. 55) the Secretary of the Treasury 
was “authorized to receive into the Treasury, on the same terms as the 
original bequest of James Smithson, such sums as the Regents may, 
from time to time see fit to deposit, not exceeding, with the original 
bequest the sum of $1,000,000.” 

The maximum of $1,000,000 which the Smithsonian Institution was 
authorized to deposit in the Treasury of the United States was reached 
en January 11, 1917, by the deposit of $2,000. 

Under the above authority the amounts shown below are deposited 
in the United States Treasury and draw 6 percent interest : 


Unrestricted 


funds Income 1962 

LIT AV ENS), SSS oN T TD AVSY 05 cages Se een ee een $727, 640 $43, 658. 40 
ONG CTs apt toe LH DSO NOR abe aon ree A erie EE Decl nt 14, 000 840. 00 
TEN OX ee SE a AS SB ie DE ga 500 30. 00 
EVEN THNT GO Tipe nee ee ee eee eel ee ee, SN 2, 500 150. 00 
EVOd Skin Sei(Gene ral) ares aes ee ae eee 116, 000 6, 960. 00 
TE YOY GOED: ca 4 gril ag eae Is Paes Sela Dom Lees haa eer 26, 670 1, 600. 20 
TREES) ce a a 590 35. 40 
ESET ONE fp SOU an SO See 1,100 66. 00 
ITS Cy A gs BA na Eg og 889,000 53, 340. 00 


227 


228 | ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Restricted 
funds 
Hodekins (Specific) 2 ees EN Abe ase a Ean $100, 000 
D935 15 Uh Pes a SL ae se a i a eA 11, 000 
GAM Ue PA ae EE A OP Nes SL 111, 000 
Green Re NG thea ea LI ae a 1, 000, 000 


- $6, 000. 00 


660. 


6, 660. 


00 


00 


60, 000.00 


In addition to the $1,000,000 deposited in the Treasury of the United 
States there has been accumulated from income and bequests the sum 
of $4,147,562.65 which has been invested. Of this sum, $3,969,482.90 
is carried on the books of the Institution as the Consolidated Fund, a 
policy approved by the Regents at their meeting on December 14, 1916. 


The balance is made up of several small funds. 


CONSOLIDATED FUND 


(Income for the unrestricted use of the Institution) 


Fund 


AbbottseWesworSpecial £)he inane huis Wee ai Ua A 
UAE, IRON to, LONG! Jnyoly oo 
Gifts, royalties, gain on sale of securities___..__.-__- 
Hachenberg, George P., and Carcline____________-_- 
SHamil Con JAMES issn one el a iN Ne aNd MY We 
Hart; (Gustavus (iti ia) eis RnR cabs bie aes inhale me 
Henrys Carolime spon 8 ii Siete ee nie re ae Pete Ma 
Fenty.) OSephv and: Wel anne tA skeet ee ais ea ee 
‘Hodgkins jlhomas) Gii(General) 90 220s =m a a eee 
IMOrm Owe Twa alt VV ie ete ita ne ie eee Bia 
Olmsted “Helem At soe Ole oe ee a ee ened ee 
=Poore, uucy, es andliGeorgenWeees =. eee eee 
Porter, (Hemmy Wark eye) sae Ue ae lies at 
EsaU Sesh WAU beyon domes sos oe ee es ee a 
Sanford: George ils 02 ie a sea ae eee eg a 
GAS) POUR OFSLOp 014.47) FE) OMS pate aaa tN ia ck li SO RSLS Ls saree CL 
aggart.Gansenas 0 oat ae eels sae a eae eae 
Witherspoon; homasr AY tle Soir ee aes 


*In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury. 


Investment 1962 


$22, 522. 
59, 712. 
417, 403. 
6, 079. 
28 
34 
34 
. 83 
45, 793. 
116, 900. 
1, 211. 
246, 039. 
432, 950. 
715. 

. 68 
53 
. 68 
195, 089. 


1, 625, 430. 


34 
30 
46 
80 


92 
22 
99 
46 
15 
22 


23 


72 


Income 1962 


$1, 174. 
By 1518 
21, 762. 
316. 
Bil, 


27 
28 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 229 


CONSOLIDATED FUND 


(Income restricted to specific use) 


Fund Investment 1962 | Income 1962 


Abbott, William L., for investigations in biology_-_--} $157, 601. 60 | $8, 217. 01 
Armstrong, Edwin James, for use of Department of 
Invertebrate Paleontology when principal amounts 


tH) SRS (OOD gt es MA a ana eer ee 1, 898. 60 94, 07 
Arthur, James, for investigations and study of the 
sun and annual lecture on same________-_-_----- 60, 459. 26 Slo2e2o 


Bacon, Virginia Purdy, for traveling scholarship to 
investigate fauna of countries other than the 


Wimibeds states ieee isis abe nee Hee em rem a 75, 738. 96 | 3, 948. 88 
Baird, Lucy H., for creating a memorial to Secretary 
TERRIA bens pe SG RS lk Oe Ne age 54, 057. 76 | 1, 897. 70 


Barney, Alice Pike, for collection of paintings and 
pastels and for encouragement of American artistic 


EM GLE AN O Lee tere a ee ete ee Se aie ne 43, 358. 91 2, 260. 62 
Barstow, Frederick D., for purchase of animals for 

EON ODEO A OE AT Kee ears pg fare ta te AC ee DN ed 1, 511. 33 CSabie 
Canfield collection, for increase and care of the 

Canfield collection of minerals_______.___.___-_-_- 57, 819. 33 3, 014. 59 


Casey, Thomas L., for maintenance of the Casey 
collection and promotion of researches relating to 


WOlCOM ter Amt wails a Sac y oN. Hs Ae yi edie a 18, 948. 75 987. 94 
Chamberlain, Francis Lea, for increase and promotion 

of Isaac Lea Collection of gems and mollusks______ 42, 571. 13 2, 219. 58 
Dykes, Charles, for support in financial research___-__ 65, 085. 37 3, 393. 41 


EHickemeyer, Florence Brevoort, for preservation and 

exhibition of the photographic collection of 

Rucdolphebickemeyer, JTi2. 152 fot se eee es 16, 431. 70 856. 73 
Hanson, Martin Gustav and Caroline Runice, for 

some scientific work of the Institution, preferably 


IMEChemistyy Or medicines] ==. . 22 een Seeds 13, 439. 14 700. 71 
Higbee, Harry, income for general use of the Smith- 

sonian Institution after June 11, 1967___________- 48. 56 1, 49 
Hillyer, Virgil, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer 

collection of lighting objects2—) =) 2- = 22 ei 9, 935. 35 518. 01 
Hitchcock, Albert S., for care of the Hitchcock 

NOT OSFOLO RICAN did yr ariye ies a)4 1s hey see eee ts 2, 385, 43 124, 39 


Hrdliéka, AleS and Marie, to further researches in 
physical anthropology and publication in connec- 


CIOMBUMCRE Willen eess armen mene prem Male emer ag aa 76, 090. 74 | 3, 770. 58 
Hughes, Bruce, to found Hughes alecove__________-_- 28, 936. 60 1, 508. 70 
Johnson, E. R. Fenimore, research in underwater 

PUOtoOgna plies eps ais ee clk EER bee LRN 10, 546. 65 522. 63 
Loeb, Morris, for furtherance of knowledge in the 

EXACHISCLEN CES = ae koe ol yaa i es oa el pal ula 131751. 73 6, 869. 23 


Long, Annette and Edith C., for upkeep and pres- 

ervation of Long collection of embroideries, 

IAC CR ANG teXGilege ess sa mee mins Malus en Me Rm te 820. 82 42. 80 
Maxwell, Mary E., for care and exhibition of Maxwell 

COME CEOS 145 ara k ee ap gash ee rar SEN pa ua EN ONS 29, 651. 40 1, 545, 94 


230 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


CONSOLIDATED FUND—continued 


Fund Investment 1962 | Income 1962 


Myer, Catherine Walden, for purchase of first- 
class works of art for use and benefit of the 


National Collection of Fine Arts____-_----------- $30, 535. 47 | $1, 592. 04 
Nelson, Edward W., for support of biological 
SGUCLI CS) ie oes REL aN Ne MaRS 33, 618. 85 | 1, 752. 79 


Noyes, Frank B., for use in connection with the col- 
lection of dolls placed in the U.S. National Museum 


through the interest of Mr. and Mrs. Noyes_-_----- 1, 452. 37 75. 70 
Pell, Cornelia Livingston, for maintenance of Alfred 
Duane: Pell collection2e2 44242 = eee 11, 205. 62 584. 25 


Petrocelli, Joseph, for the care of the Petrocelli col- 
lection of photographic prints and for the enlarge- 
ment and development of the section of photog- 


raphy of the U.S. National Museum___--_------- 11, 206. 92 584. 30 
Rathbun, Richard, for use of division of U.S. National 
Museum containing Crustacea__________--------- 16, 078. 72 838, 30 
*Reid, Addison T., for founding chair in biology, in 
memoryjiol Asher “unis you eas eae ke Se 26, 889. 37 1, 401. 97 
Roebling Collection, for care, improvement, and in- 
crease of Roebling collection of minerals_-_-_------ | 182, 448. 20 9, 512. 42 
1Roralo) ibover Sollee IReseEIO NS 25, 908. 78 1, 425. 07 
Rollins, Miriam and William, for investigations in | 
physics wand schemis tiny see ee eee | 215, 074. 58 | 10, 928. 64 
Smithsonian employees’ retirement____..__---------- 35, 185. 27 1, 851. 54 
Springer, Frank, for care and increase of the Springer 
CoMlleaniorn, ehayel Inlomery oS ee ce 27, 109. 61 1, 413. 41 
Strong, Julia D., for benefit of the National Collec- 
TOMOL Hin eS eA GS eee Se es en ioe tra aly enti ate eter 15, 115. 01 788. 07 
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, for develop- 
ment of geological and paleontological studies and 
publishing results Of same: ss oa see ae 724, 193. 35 | 37, 719. 87 
Walcott, Mary Vaux, for publications in botany----- 87, 506. 96 4, 562. 40 
Younger, Helen Walcott, held in trust_._..._.__------ 117, 024. 81 6, 027. 49 
Zerbee, Francis Brinckle, for endowment of aquaria_- 1, 433. 98 74. 76 
el Eo) crs Lenten ceca are aN een hue) ae ices 2, 461, 076. 99 |126, 859. 03 


* In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury. 


FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND 


Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave 
to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other Oriental objects 
of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whist- 
ler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for 
construction of a building to house the collection, and finally in his 
will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stocks and securities to 
the estimated value of $1,958,591.42, as an endowment fund for the 
operation of the Gallery. The fund now amounts to $10,089,088.74. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 231 


SUMMARY OF ENDOWMENTS 


Invested endowment for general purposes___--_--_---------_--- $2, 514, 430. 72 
Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer endow- 

DADE ON ee ee ea aa eT ee EN id i 2, 6338, 131. 93 

Total invested endowment other than Freer______________ 5, 147, 562. 65 

Freer invested endowment for specific purposes_____________-__ 10, 089, O88. 74 

Total invested endowment for all purposes_______________ 15, 236, 651. 39 


CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS 


Deposited in the U.S. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as author- 

ized in the U.S. Revised Statutes, sec. 5591_________________ $1, 000, 000. 00 
Investments other than Freer endowment (cost 

or market value at date acquired) : 


TES O12 GS ee eet reac Se eee Te Sa $1, 478, 884. 02 

SIEGES sp Ne I pie 2, 594, 012. 40 

Real estate and mortgages________________ 57, 506. 00 

Uninvested capital___.._.___.___._.__________- 17,160.23 4, 147, 562. 65 
Total investments other than Freer endowment___________ 5, 147, 562. 65 


Investment of Freer endowment (cost or market 
value at date acquired) : 


IFS OED GG ae oe I la Sie ene eae ne $5, 055, 130. 47 
Sagi ys ATs ma eae 5, 023, 175. 88 
Wninvested capital 00. 10, 782.44 10, 089, 088. 74 
Rotaeinvestinents: 62.82 ue ae a Ee ean 15, 236, 651. 39 
EXHIBIT A 


BALANCE SHEET OF PRIVATE FUNDS 
June 30, 1962 


ASSETS 
Current funds: 
General: 
Cash: 
United States Treasury current account________________- $777, 833. 49 
Invbanksyandvon hand. 26.20 2e so ee 417, 888. 82 
~~ 1,195, 722. 31 
mravelsandwother ad vances asses ee ee 17, 680. 35 
Totalozeneral, fund ss 222 a es ee ee 1, 213, 402. 66 
Restricted: 
Cash—United States Treasury current 
CE ELT aT se Theo $2, 569, 147, 45 
Investments—stocks and bonds (quoted 
market value $1,619,839.07) _.___________ 1, 635, 712. 56 
Totalisrestricted huindss2 oes se a 4, 204, 860. 01 
NO CAN CUTE T GLUING Sao ae ee oo 5, 418, 262. 67 


658366—62——16 


232 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


EXHIBIT A-—Continued 
ASSETS—continued 


Endowment funds and funds functioning as 


endowment : 
Investments : 
Freer Gallery of Art: 
ENS Fa ee SCs ae ear Sa $10, 782, 44 
Stocks and bonds (quoted market 


value $13,306,202.51) __..._-_______ 10,078, 306. 30 


10, 089, 088.74 
Consolidated : 
COE ea ee a HA a ala TAA $16, 880. 03 
Stocks and bonds (quoted 
market value $4,696,- 
OLS Sy oe 8, 952, 602. 87 


3, 969,482. 90 
Loan to United States 
ETST ES UT V2 ea 1, 000, 000. 00 
Other stocks and bonds 
(quoted market value 


SIAR ROAD) ee ee 120, 293. 55 
COIS) 0 Wepre eee a ee PR 280. 20 
Real estate at book value__ 57,506.00 5, 147, 562. 65 
Total endowment funds and funds functioning as 
ETVCL Wy eUd CNN ea ae Ly rn 1 es 15, 236, 651. 39 
HA RU fl Ce Ve EEE A OS Se SU AUT a 20, 654, 914. 06 


FUND BALANCES 
Current funds: 


General: 
Unexpended funds—unrestricted_____-_-_------------------ $1, 213, 402.66 
Totalsgeneralecun Gs ease =e eee 1, 213, 402. 66 
Restricted (Exhibit C) : 
Unexpended income from endowment__-_ $1, 210, 899. 50 
Funds for special purposes (gifts, grants, 
CECI) aie oe NUE a 2, 993, 960. 51 
Totalrestrieted funds 22s ed bee ee 4, 204, 860. 01 
Totalecurrent und See ee ee 5, 418, 262. 67 


Endowment funds and funds functioning as 
endowment (Exhibit D) : 


Freer Gallery of Art____-_-_-__----------- $10, 089, O88. 74 
Other: 

Restricted _________-_- $2, 633, 131. 93 

Generali aes 2,514, 430.72 5, 147, 562. 65 


Total endowment funds and funds functioning as 


@NVCLO WILE Mn Ges ses Nh a at el ee ae ee eee 15, 236, 651. 39 
Total: 20 oie hl Ee Ae ee 20, 654, 914. 06 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 233 


EXHIBIT B 
PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CURRENT GENERAL FUND RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
AND CHANGES IN CURRENT GENERAL FUND BALANCES 


Year ended June 30, 1962 


| Operations | Publications Gifts and grants 


bara Hau se 
Current receipts: | 
Endowment income: 

Freer Gallery of Art_______ BAST A OG Le 29 [eee bya iol epee te cs 
Other restricted funds _____ G4 ,90 br Sb jk aetna me Sywpa Bane eee Si 2 
Unrestricted 222-42 223 aes 138) '086;, SGN eee ee eee 
Investment income-___-_-__---- COMOOTE TS: [esi sere aS aR ue te 

Gifts and grants, including ad- 
ministrative overhead___----- 214,440 SO ee eee eae $6, 074, 087. 84 
Publications and photographs_--|_----------- SILOS! Zola TSE le = Supoe Bae ee 
Miscellancoust-222_ 252-1 07 GG 2 a ae crevice ee 

Appropriated from endowment 
LRU GG hes Pe og eS ea We as a CAT a Dt Tiel Mee Sa ae en ee ey Ia peea a sy eases 


Total current receipts__._| 930, 993. 75 | 108, 251.13 | 6, 074, 087. 84 


Current expenditures: 


Salaries: 
Administrative__._._..__-- L258 S82) 46 lee ea ee De oh ale Se 
IVESCARCi sain 2350 coe ula Tens: ZeLin(iet Ae tbe eee 2, 589, 259. 57 
OU ce ee TSSESS SOM ie eee ee TAU loi ene ayes 
Total salaries _-_-_-- S30s4 85483) Me see Eee 2, 589, 259. 57 
Purchase for collection__---- PAO SOS’ BO ial aie re ered oer ee ea 


Researches and exploration 
and related administra- 
tive expenses: 


AT any Cleese te A ete ko QO AAs then Takreer 
Equipment and supply - AN GAAS Dil |e take caper tl fee an ete 
Others. osu ees ee GESIOS GOW sees Set 3, 484, 828. 27 
Publications and _ photo- 
PEA PNS is | eee eh is 40, 015. 86 Fl 296s GO e een aa ete 
Buildings, equipment, and 
grounds: 
Buildings and installa- 
tlOMS eo eels ewe, esate 11 Yeas (0 ca nee ere ee ee Der eS 
Court and grounds 
maintenance... --__-- SAD SLM ig ls sae ft Fle yr oe OEE 
Technical laboratory - | DTA AN: 56 eceians See etek egal Ae Sc see Lees 


Contractual servicees—cus- | 
todian and legal fees___-_- OER AO) Pa eee ey eee See eee 


234 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


EXHIBIT B—Continued 
PRIVATE FUNDS—Continued 


STATEMENT OF CURRENT GENERAL FUND RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
AND CHANGES IN CURRENT GENERAL FUND BALANCES—continued 


Year ended June 30, 1962—Continued 


Operations Publications Gifts and grants 
Current expenditures— Continued 
Salaries—Continued 
Supplies and expenses: | 
Meetings, special ex- | 

fai bits eo ee ae $17,112. 96.22 os Se eee 
Mectunes eee ees 9) 063051 s|e See eee | og hse OE par 
Photographs and re- 

PLOduCctiONSEs ss Waseem 5,679; 83: | DEAE I VEE eee ee epee 
Tilbrariyye wane eae a2 4056: BO ee U Ss ek Malla eae sane 
Sales desk. 20.22. V5; S8OU LA ete OE ee a 
Stationery and office | 

SUppPlesieye ae es ODM 2ifie| es s Sae e a ee 
Postage, telephone, and 

elle gaa yo ees tea cars DDC il ehas aller Ned ya (Sele ies aaa 

Employees’ withholding 
payments) neta2 227-2 (753.61) | 22 22 Se ee 

Total current ex- 
penditures________ 633, 180. 08 51, 296. 65 | 6, 074, 087. 84 

Excess of current re- 

ceipts over current 
expenditures___-___ 297, 813. 67 56, 954, 48 354, 768. 15 

Balance at beginning 


Of years ole lobe eis adv me Nee 858, 634. 51 


Digs 9 cilia Dd PUT ot he) Na GURL Z LE HUTS MEER a hk 1, 213, 402. 66 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 235 


EXHIBIT C 
PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CURRENT RESTRICTED FUND BALANCE 
Year ended June 30, 1962 


Funds for special 
Unexpended income purposes (gifts, Total 
grants, etc.) 


Balance at beginning of year - - _|$1, 084, 076. 28 |$2, 290, 370. 27 |$3, 374, 446. 55 


Add: 
Income from restricted endow- 
ment: 
Freer Gallery of Art..-_--- ARO OO 3S 2210 ee ne ee eee eT 470, 093. 22 
Other restricted funds -- - -- DSO lle O Ge |e Siaes seen ae 273, 011. 96 
| (ASMA Daal! Sil eae epee aie aa 743, 105. 18 
Less custodial costs___.-_-- SRP SON G2 ir | eae iss ae acy 31, 119. 62 
Net income from re- 
stricted endowment__-_- TAS O SH 15 Gis) [aaa cee ene Ge 711, 985. 56 
Sale of publications ________- 36, 329. 31 619. 30 36, 948. 61 
Cihtswamegoramtoees aye say ls we ie SBME eyed 6, 676, 997. 94 | 6, 676, 997. 94 
(OH YS) ej Ma ge ie eee 4, 762. 85 252, 054. 13 256, 816. 98 
Transfer from endowment 
TETAS FS UMS 2s Pe a er 1, 381. 69 1, 381. 69 
1, 837, 154; 00) |) 95221. 423533 11,058; 577. 33 
Deduct: 
Transfer to current income, 
net of custodial cost: 


Freer Gallery of Art____-__-_- AA Gide hep AS ees ay ie eee 407, 917. 14 

Other restricted funds_-_--___ 63, 829. 88 | 6, 074, 087. 84 | 6, 137, 917. 72 

Wnxestricted 2222 suet ee US STOSOR5 Olas a eye 138, 086. 56 

609, 833. 58 | 6, 074, 087. 84 | 6, 683, 921. 42 

“AISTEEW OSH CE at clos I Se aR eee pind we Or RR TOO ol ee A evr 159, 626. 14 159, 626. 14 
Income added to principal, 

NSB ES Bases eee gue ae eA LOU AGO CGH aac wees se oi 8 10, 169. 76 
Transfer to (from) gifts and 


rete y omee Nee OU LY 6, 251. 16 (Ge 25116) SL gE ee 
626, 254. 50 | 6, 227, 462. 82 | 6, 853, 717. 32 


Balance at end of year_________ 1, 210, 899. 50 | 2, 993, 960. 51 | 4, 204, 860. 01 


236 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 
EXHIBIT D 
PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN PRINCIPAL OF ENDOWMENT FUNDS AND FUNDS 
FUNCTIONING AS ENDOWMENT 


Year Ended June 30, 1962 


Balance ati besin min gy OL py Sere ee ee ae $14, 592, 560. 72 
Add: 
Gifts and bequests (including transfer of 
DOTASIA Yara Gh) pe eee $56, 340. 53 
Income added to principal as prescribed 
V8 CLOT) OTA ee EAN la he helen es ANNA 10, 169. 76 
Net gain on investments_________________ 586, 454. 75 652, 965. 04 
15, 245, 525. 76 
Deduct: 
Amount transferred to gifts and grants 
for Roebling hun da eae e eee 8, 548. 84 
Amount appropriated to current funds for 
retirement payments__________________ 325. 53 8, 874. 37 


15, 236, 651. 39 


Balance at year end consisting of : 


MPSS EVI CES hs a Bee Ae ah 2, 514, 480. 72 
Restricted for : 
Freer Gallery of Art__-_---________- 10, 089, O88. 74 
Other collections and research_______ 2, 633, 131. 98 


15, 236, 651. 39 


The practice of maintaining savings accounts in several of the 
Washington banks and trust companies has been continued during the 
past year, and interest on these deposits amounted to $10,986.45. 

Deposits are made in banks for convenience in collection of checks, 
and later such funds are withdrawn and deposited in the United 
States Treasury. Disbursement of funds is made by check signed by 
the Secretary of the Institution and drawn on the United States 
Treasury. 

The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts and grants from the 
following: 

A. P. Smith Manufacturing Corporation, a gift to the Marine Archeology Fund. 

Academic Press, a contribution to the Rathbun Fund. 

American Cocoa Research Institute, a grant to defray costs of art work in con- 
nection with a monograph of the genus Theobroma. 

American Council of Learned Societies, a grant for participation in the Inter- 
national Congress on the Antiquity and Origin of Man in the Americas. 


American Philosophical Society, a grant for support of research on the Okla- 
homa Seneca Cayuga Indians. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 237 


Appalachian Power Co., a grant to cover preliminary archeological surveys in 
the Smith Mountain Reservoir Area on the Roanoke River. 
Atomic Energy Commission : 

A grant for the support of research entitled “A Study of the Biochemical 
Effects of Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation on Plant Metabolism during 
Development.” 

A grant for the support of research entitled “Systematic Zoological Research 
on the Marine Fauna of the Tropical Pacific Area.” 

Lucy H. Baird, bequest for the Spencer Fullerton Baird Fund. 
Laura Dreyfus Barney, a gift to finance the publication of the catalog of the 

Barney Collection. 

Laura Dreyfus Barney and Natalie Clifford Barney, additional interest in 

Barney Studio House (aggregate of two quarterly shares received). 

Charles and Rosanna Batchelor Memorial Incorporated, a grant for the purpose 
of improving the Emma HE. Batchelor stamp collection. 
Bredin Foundation, additional grant for the support of research entitled “Ocean 

Food Chain Cycle.” 

Mrs. M. P. Bryon, a gift for the purchase of historic items for the National 

Aeronautical Collection. 

Bureau of Naval Weapons, grant for procurement of changes incidental to con- 
struction of the scale model of the A-I Airplane. 

Mrs. J. Campbell, a contribution to the Zoo Animal Fund. 

Department of the Air Force: 

Additional grant for upper atmosphere stellar image study. 

Additional grant for research directed toward providing a program for use 
with an I.B.M. 704 Computer for determination of satellite density data. 

Additional grant for the study of “Atmospheric Entry and Impact of High 
Velocity Meteorites.” 

Additional grant for research directed toward the study of stellar scintillation. 

Additional grant for research directed toward the studies of rate of accretion 
of interplanetary matter by the earth. 

Department of the Army: 

A grant for support of research entitled ‘Potential Vectors and Reservoirs of 
Disease in Strategic Overseas Areas.” 

A grant for the support of research entitled “Mammals and their Hctoparasites 
from Hthiopia.” 

Additional grant for research entitled “Procurement of Satellite Tracking and 
Orbit.” 

Eastern Federation of Gem and Minerals Societies, fund for inspection of an 
exhibit of gems and minerals. 

Embassy of Guatemala, a gift for investigating a fossil vertebrate occurrence 
near Zacapa. 

Felix and Helen Juda Foundation, a gift to the Freer Gallery of Art for the 
purchase of collections. 

Fred Maytag Family Foundation, a gift to the Marine Archeology Fund. 

General Atomic Division, a gift to the Meteorite Fund. 

Goodman Manufacturing Co., a gift for the purchase of the Benard Mining 

Prints. 

For purchase of the Harleton Texas Meteorite: 

Brookhaven Laboratory 

Carnegie Institute of Technology 

University of California 

University of Chicago 

University of Kentucky 


238 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Harvard University, a grant for Symposium of Evolution of Crustacea. 
International Association for Dental Research, gift for research in Physical 
Anthropology. 
Edwin A. Link, a gift to the Marine Archeology Fund. 
Link Foundation, a grant for the support of special publications on aviation. 
Mrs. Ethel B. McCay, a gift for the purchase of postal history material. 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Optical Satellite Track- 
ing Program.” 
Additional grant for the scientific and engineering study for instrumenting 
and orbiting telescope. 
Additional grant for research on the motion of artificial satellites. 
National Geographic Society, additional grant for Paleo-Indian investigations at 
Agate Basin, Hastern Wyoming. 
National Institutes of Health, a grant for the support of research eniiled 
“Studies of Asian Biting Flies.” 
National Science Foundation: 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Ordovician Gastropods of Norway 
and a Comparison of American and Huropean Ordovician Gastropods.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Monographie Studies 
of the Family Tingidae.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Morphology and Paleoecology of 
the Permian Brachiopods of the Glass Mountains, Texas.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Hndocrine Basis of 
Parasitic Breeding of Birds.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “The Flora of Fiji.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Mammals of Southeastern United 
States.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Tertiary Forests of 
the Tonasi-Santiago Basin of Panama.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Phanerogams of 
Colombia.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “South Asian Mic 
rolepidophers, Particularly the Philippine Series.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled ‘“‘A Monograph of the 
Lichen Genus Parmalia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Permo—Triassic Reptiles of South 
Africa.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Comparative Analysis of 
Behavior in Tropical Birds.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “The Mammals of Panama.” 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Revisionary Study of 
the Blattoidea.”’ 
Additional grant for the support of research entitled “Taxonomy of the 
Bamboos: Redefinition of the Genera.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Stellar Atmospheres.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Settlement Patterns in the 
Missouri Valley.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Caddo Language Study.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “A Late Pleistocene Fauna and 
Possible Human Associations near Littleton, Colorado.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Oldest Fossil Bryozoa of the 
United States.” 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 239 


Grant for the support of research entitled “Taxonomy of Bamboos.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Systematics and Distribution of 
North American Calanoid and Harpacticoid Copepoda.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Scientific Community in HMngland, 
1820-1860.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled ‘““Photoresponses and Optical Prop- 
erties of Phycomyces Sporangiophores.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Heology and Behavior of Suncus 
murinus.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Paramo Flora of Northeastern 
Peru.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled ‘Taxonomy of the Genus Swarizia.” 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Foreign Cambrian Trilobites with 
American Affinities.” 

Grant for support of research entitled “Systematic Significance of HEchinoid 
Spines.” 

Office of Naval Research: 

Additional grant for support of research entitled “Information on Shark Dis- 
tribution and the Distribution of Shark Attack all over the World.” 

Additional grant for studies concerning the development of a proposal for 
an institute for laboratory of human performance standards. 

Additional grant for research in connection with studies on the marine fauna 
of the South Pacific Ocean. 

Additional grant to perform psychological research studies. 

Additional grant to perform aeronautical research studies. 

Grant for research on biological community interrelationships and to record 
observations of behavior on film. 

Additional grant to provide expert consultants to advise the Navy Advisory 
Committee. 

Grant for support of research studies on the Microlepidoptera of the Island of 
the mosquitoes of the world. 

Grant for support of research studies on the Microlepidoptera of the Island of 
Rapa. 

Grant for support of research entitled ‘A Study of Anatomy and Taxonomy of 
Hawaiian Woods.” 

B. T. Rocea, gift for the purchase of a geological specimen. 

American Association of Museums through Rockefeller Brothers Fund, a grant 
to cover insurance on the Hgyptian Collection to be exhibited by Smithsonian 
Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. 

For the support of the Science Information Hxchange: 

Atomic Hnergy Commission 

Department of Defense 

Department of the Navy 

Wederal Aviation Agency 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
National Institutes of Health 

National Science Foundation 

Veterans’ Administration 

St. Petersburg Shell Club, fund for inspection of an exhibit of shells. 

Philip M. Stern, a gift for animal shipment. 

Chauncey Stillman, a gift for the restoration of a landau presented to the Smith- 
sonian Institution by Mr. Stillman. 


240 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1962 


Tucson Gem and Mineral Society, fund for inspection of an exhibit of gems and 
minerals. 

United States Information Agency, a grant for the support of the Third Interna- 
tional Exhibition of Contemporary Ceramics held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. 

United Van Lines, a gift to the Meteorite Fund. 

University of West Indies, Trinidad, fund for Neotropical Botany Conference in 
Trinidad. 

Villanova University, a gift for the special Paleontological Funda. 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a grant for research cruise from Cape 
Sable, Nova Scotia, to Trinidad. 


The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Gov- 
ernment bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian 
Institution for the fiscal year 1962: 


Salaries and lixpenses=) 22ers pCR NGG eS VERS $9, 125, 000. 00 
National ZoologicaloPark: 222222) 2 ee ee ee 1, 387, 600. 00 


The appropriation made to the National Gallery of Art (which is 
a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution) was $1,932,000.00. 

In addition, funds were transferred from other Government agen- 
cies for expenditure under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution 
as follows: 


Working Funds, transferred from the Nationai Park Service, 
Interior Department, for archeological investigations in river 
basins throughout the United States____.________-_-----_--_- $231, 705. 00 


The Institution also administers a trust fund for partial support of 
the Canal Zone Biological Area, located on Barro Colorado Island in 
the Canal Zone. 

AUDIT 


The report of the audit of the Smithsonian Private Funds follows: 


Tur Boarp or REGENTS, 
Smithsonian Institution 
Washington 25, D.C. 


We have examined the balance sheet of private funds of Smithsonian Institu- 
tion as of June 30, 1962, and the related statement of current general private 
funds receipts and disbursements and the several statements of changes in funds 
for the year then ended. Our examination was made in accordance with gen- 
erally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly included such tests of the 
accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered neces- 
sary in the circumstances. 

Land, building, furniture, equipment, works of art, living and other specimens 
and certain sundry property are not included in the accounts of the Institution ; 
likewise, the accompanying statements do not include the National Gallery of 
Art and other departments, bureaus and operations administered by the Insti- 
tution under Federal appropriations. The accounts of the Institution are main- 
tained on the basis of cash receipts and disbursements, with the result that the 
accompanying statements do not reflect income earned but not collected or ex- 
penses incurred but not paid. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 241 


In our opinion, subject to the matters referred to in the preceding para- 
graph, the accompanying statement of private funds presents fairly the assets 
and funds principal of Smithsonian Institution at June 380, 1962; further the 
accompanying statement of current general private funds receipts and disburse- 
ments and several statements of changes in funds, which have been prepared on 
a basis consistent with that of the preceding year, present fairly the cash trans- 
actions of the private funds for the year then ended. 


PEAT, MARWICK, MiTcHELL & Co. 
Washington, D.C. 
September 17, 1962 
Respectfully submitted : 
(S) CuarENncE Cannon 
(S) Carri P. Haskins 
(S) Roverr V. Fiemine 
Executive Committee. 


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