U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY OF Henry Guernsey Hubbard Eugene Amandus Schwarz 5 4 DONATED IN 1902 ACCESSION NO mean ¥ i C ‘n FOURTEENTH REPORT OF THE Sook, BPNTOMOLOGISE ON THE NOXIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSEGTS OF THE > PAE Or TELENOTS: Third Annual Report of 8. A. Forsss, . For the year 1884. SPRINGFIELD, ILL.: H. W. RoKKER, STATE PRINTER AND BINDER. 1885. ( i Mas wy i oe CONTENAS: PAGE. TOMO DOSCTHI LOM Green can cae ace ete cae cise marie: seters\eicrercisac's Seroieles Se insiaiseaisieielete ees es icicle siete III ILeieie Git Jes ON MN - oe oesceondo osac ou osEboC Soe DEUseoUoSUdeo danocesnacsoud. Ss000sng9s0000000000 1 Mio OU Clonee se cceeceeten aacctce ears cnicein cr = cia is claisoateobisve tis cewle ie See ms ha viemo nie steite nee bebe ceenes 3 ContributionstoAcriculturall HmtomoOlo gy) -aacseace sea ..a- tas ces osbinsseeteee sccees lcs cee enbeme te Perene eee ne eeeers 74 Contributions to Horticultural Eom oloce ide miele wicielon db are nislehsysbacrrece roe ee me ae eee aeeetete 75 I. On New and Imperfectly Known Strawberry Insects.......--.....--...2+------0+- 7 Niote onthe dite History of the Strawberry slug. ...c->-eeeeeseceneeseeeineeseaereee ele MrosGesseriStrawbernye Aphis zac ccccaecceeousls=sen seco seeneeeeneeeere ee 79 Nhe Parnished ‘Plant Bue sess.kes cis ccdsctecace ve ces sccmeceee ne eeeee eee eee EEE 79 IDX: Ysyehi on Kay thoy tel Dyul ee ee ee Aen Sate eee ener reer Aer wre omeconooDassGaodsabeoe 79 OD NO MERWS DELUWEINOTIWS oe aac caer mcinieet icine fase ca es soe eee chee ene aaee eee cece tet 81 Supplementary Notes on the Strawberry Root Worms..............--..------ Seaeee Ol iy Ona Hew Grape insects. csin2iccacectccecccs fous ok sso dsca neem eee emcee eine ae eee oee 83 JAA RV HOMO CHOC SOU OATUO rine adac soocE so becoobeeeeSosoeec wae ab cloeicae cualaiutere as cece tree tae 83 The wWine=lOVIN Se HrWit Ves cseoe oe cess Usccs osc One ae See PERCE EEE ene eee ne ee rn enee 83 PY EODEUSEUTUUS Aste nese ca sle seen k aids Otis ee eek ONE coe cae nis oc eR ee ee ee eer 84 III. On New Insect Enemies of the Blackberry and Raspberry..-....................- 87 TheBlackberry leahiMiner:.c.c sce sso $c. son soe eee ote on ere Seeece ees eens 87 Description OL GONUS. 1. 5. obo Gece Semisies iso 4 sa a inhs wis alee amet tee eae aetna Oc eel CCT Oe Description OMS PSCiesi Aysh. sew tones bac eds as cene sha cee oot eee eee eee eee eaeae 87 TODNOGETUS {0 CLUWNAN WSs eee e orilone cee sed emiau Hee sb ence ne ee eee Oe ee eee eee 88 I ZT VARINORE CHRON IO Reis AE BOD ARCA an aD AS OSC eO SOE ECEORUTE ARS AASEa aD Sob onhesdoad-nossoonoosens 88 TIKETAGUME soe se see Soca ore cela tas Waa eis afese's Se ok Senile neem Oe beeen so ee ee eee etree 88 DeseriptlOm sss Besa s oe eS hese s Soe se sland) dra) a a taller ae oe See ee ee ee eee 89 DistribuiionvandeMiierEiStOnye maces cs... cece cee ee oe ee eee eee 90) InjunlesitonVeretatlone s...o6soce sds cadence so ase See eee BREE OE eee eee 90 ThesRaspberry ElumeyMothirc sc. ce sees cs ces ss aces eee eRe eee oe eee eee Ee eee 91 IV. On the Speckled Cutworm as a Cabbage Worm......... Lok Het Rak aoe un ser este eee 93 WM OSCHIPLLOM. Madea orn tocisieles eteine sociwisiers cicde hed cass Qo es SRR See Saree ee ee cee 93 ike vELIStOry, |. oon wees cis. duced see ao ede cease adds ace Ree eee CE oe ee ences 94 V. Notes on Insects Injurious i the:A pple and Pear osss-3- eee one eee 95 ED) EAA NC ONT UCH Oks Mars as cle owas nie Saieye ws Sins oe OU See ARR RIESE eee ene 95 EBUSLOM UT SULO TO sci (eei-m assists oll e Seri aiere Seales 0 a te SOE ere ee ane eee ne eC eee 95 The Apple lea tRollene yok. ac tcemcse sooo oe ce NE ee eee ere eee eee 7 The Apple Leaf Skeletonizer and the Lesser pele MeatRoller?. =e ccs eee 97 OReDiAG CeO INEIBINVE Sins eae cone sine feos os doe es Be Re Cone ee 98 Mera plevPlant TH OWSey cece sce occe s caiqn ek siaccce epee ere eee eee eA RCSAane 98 Thewellow Jumping RearWouse - 2.5.2. .-: 22s secon seer ee ee 98° Mire WalllowaS aw WiWe@Sssoccc-saac =o oce cce na caten cic vole Se EE eee ee eee 100 Vie On Somewinsect Pnemiesiof the Soft Maple 2222 ss-ss sen ence ee eee ee eneeeee 103 Notes and Experiments on the Soft Maple Bark Louse..-...........---..----ne.--:> 103 KerosenesMmullsion ei sesncet acess hoc so beec ose neee eee Ary tees 105 WihtalofOUlS Oapse o2c82e 4. Shick Geviecince ke ae tice ae ee 107 CONTENTS. ve PAGE Bee UTA © CUD etree rare eee neyo ce eto mee a inietetele erst iat eielereiusistcaeiseencsiet ocisenente 108 AV PO UBIGIIM emer tarrcee = atic ane eae ee eae RSE oN ISIE ron ana ie cloio om models ouletaies 108 @ aie OLN GAC TC aerator aca ooo waa ra eee eee Pee eet ie OEE ers Salas Sela ace sansa ate 108 Washing off the Females and Egg Masses with Water ..-_...........--..--..--. 108 ThevOblique-banded seat ttollory... 3.525 sse ease cae ane eoeisical sjoaeibosssioedesce eels 109 AGA OK AOS UTI OROSON OG) oe Re AS SRG O RTO BEE a COCO CRO a TOU ar Ae BoD SaE DO eenoosce Peeters 109 PA CLURO CESHACEIAUS tense meee aa at See eee aaae eos ae ee CE SRS araiaialos eae pista aoe enian stele 110 TEI GUSRULVUUS tenet eaten eee GAS o One Soe SORTA Re rsa Cie d ean en Se Sam a ae 110 WOES Crp tlOMes acs ecic ne otra a ae ee namie sisic ave aces ceriwestee seceeetecie wee ine merece 111 VII. Insects Injurious to the Elm..................... eee De ere as cd Bd ctats eee 112 ENG PENIS OT OT emer eas oe elaiae cise afore diate ale soos ais wiciasc ae clale ove in tothe ole meses sie oe Sie eae 112 Mine weve Vea mibaons ONeerae ce os ater ceca onieteis seine! ete'siate Se eer t ae omens we ece mee neee eaciae 114 AIEEE AGRA IOUS Osteo cae einectociee scaains ms akiciaaiens oes osine sete cidclsiwien omen aeaelaseiemeeeeane 115 Perk hres-BandedwiedivHopper ns. ssnec. ces accle acto tne «seein ae cine ace eee ee eee eee 115 Vili BrictMiscellaneousiNOleSs 2-0 scpecesececmcciccecc--csmss ‘cgcatirsd ocis cee meee ener 116 Kp AMaAOnsO tbl AtOSts sek veteran tees once nied dese cee eon acweeee ete tsegaen eee eee 119 MATOS Peers seteretatets chains aoe nite ee elec eee mnieicisuicn eLaesle ese secieembiedameic salem atentes 124 BEY Te Teh ba psrepars te erate ats ee ara oe wie eee ae oh ao are Tahoe ela ole wie ernloinie cia clos Sins deeeelemue aciawe sti es oni cadsoeaae 136 ALAN Ge ee ne ae yet eet Nee a oe ee eerie win eral seis eis aysi Aen elses auld Sts atch nese e Mevemisle s sicasatncerste 137 APPENDI-. LIST, OF BESCR Ir RIONs: 1. THE Root WEB Worm (Crambus zeellus, Fernald): larva, p. 14; pupa, p. 15; imago, p. 15. 2, THE SULPHUR LEAF ROLLER (Dichelia sulphureana, Clemens): larva, p. 18; pupa, p. 18; imago, p. 18. 3. THE RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Lophoderus triferanus, Walk.), p. 21. 4, THE CORN PLANT LOUSE (Aphis maidis, Fitch): winged viviparous female [root form], p. 25; pupaof same. p, 25; wingless viviparous female [root form], p. 25; winged a5 viviparous female [aerial form], p. 26; pupa of same, p. 26; wingless viviparous female {aerial form], p. 26. 5. Adialytusmaidaphidis, n. s., p. 3l. 6. THE LARGER WHEAT STRAW Worm (/sosoma grande, Riley), p. 35. 7. Eupelmus allyni, French: female, p. 37; male, p. 37. 8. Semiotellus destructor, Say; male, p. 45; female, p. 46. 9. Pleromalus pallipes, n. 8., p. 46. 10. Pleromalus fulvipes, n.s., 47. ll. TVetrastichus carinatus, n. s., p. 48. 12. THE WHEAT MIDGE (Cecidomyia tritici, Kirby.): egg, p.51; larva, p. 51; pupa, Dp. 52; imago, p. 52. 138. THE GRASS WoRM OR Fatt ARMY Worm (Laphygma frugiperda, Guen.): larva, p. 59; pupa, p. 59; imago, p. 58. 14. EHvxorista infestans, n. s., Williston: female, p. 65; male, p. 65. 15. Cicadula nigrifrons, n. s., p. 67. 16. Cicadula quadrilineatuc, 0. s., p. 68. 17. T=E SorGHuM Bark Louse (Coccus sorghiellus, n.s.), p. 71. 18. THE CLOVER Bark LousE (Ooccus trifolii, n. s.), p 72. 19. Bryobia pratensis, n. s., Garman, p. 73. 20. Bryobia pallida, n. s., Garman, p. 74. 21. THE TARNISHED PLANT Bue (Lygus lineolaris, Beauv.): egg, p. 79. 22. Phytoptis vitis, Landois, p. 86. . 23. THE BLACKBERRY LEAF MInmER (Metallus rubi, gen. et sp. nov.): genus, p. 87; spe- cies, p. 87; imago, p. 87; larva, p. 87. 24. Pyrrhiaumbra, Hibn.: larva, p. 89; pupa, p. 89; imago, p. 89. 25. THE RASPBERRY PLUME MotTH (Oxyptilus delavaricus, Zeller): larva, p. 91; pu p. 91; imago, p. 92. 26. THE SPECKLED Cutworm (Agrotis c-nigrum, L.): larva, p. 93; pupa, p. 94. 27. Biston ypsilon, n. s.: imago, p. 95; larva, p. 96. LIST OF DESCRIPTIONS. Vil THE YELLOW JUMPING PEAR LousE (Trioza pyrifoli@, 0. S.), p. 99. Trioza diospyri, Ashmead, p. 100, Aleurodes aceris, n. S., p. 110. Elaptus aleurodis, n. s.; female, p. 111. Lygus invitus, Say, p. 111. THE Exim Borer (Saperda tridentata, Oliv.): larva, p. 113; imago, p. 114. AN Exim Bark LovusE (Lecanium, sp.), p. 115, Nematus robiniae, n.s., p. 116. Eccopsis exoletum, Zeller: larva, p. 117; imago, p. 118. ” LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Inurnors InpustRiAL UNIvERsITy, OFFICE oF STaTE ENTOMOLOGIST. Cuampaicn, Inu., December 31, 1884. To his Excellency, Joan M. Hamiuton, Governor of the State of Illinois: Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith my third report as State Entomologist of Illinois, covering the operations of the office for the year 1884. Besides the articles presented in the report proper, I have pre- pared an elaborate paper on certain contagious diseases of insects, and on numerous studies and experiments made at the office for the cultivation of the virus of such diseases and their propagation by artificial measures. ‘This study has not yet reached the stage of actual successful application in the field on a large scale, and I have therefore decided to withhold the results, for the present, from publication here, and to publish them instead as a contribution to _ science in the Bulletins of the State Laboratory of Natural History. The space thus saved I have decided to use for an index to the first twelve reports of the State Entomologists of Illinois; and this is presented herewith as an appendix to my present report. Respectfully submitted, S. A. Forsss, State Entomologist. INTRODUCTION. _ENTOMOLOGICAL CALENDAR. * To the year 1884 we can not accord any peculiar distinction in the annals of economic entomology in Illinois, unless we consider the general prevalence of the sorr MAPLE BARK LOUSE (Pulvinaria tnnumn- erabilis) and a notable outbreak of the Grass worm (Laphygma frugi- perda) as especially remarkable events. The general damage to the crops by insects, was, as a whole, decidedly below the average, not a single one of the great scourges of agriculture having attracted general attention or done conspicuous damage except in one or two instances and in limited localities. I wish I might believe that this fact was due in any considerable measure to the progress of the popular knowledge of economic entomology and to an increased dis- position to apply its resources to the war against our insect enemies, but I judge that it is to be attributed to providential rather than to human interposition. The average weather of this season and the preceding, inclining in both to extraordinary moisture, except during the period when the Hessian fly is peculiarly subject to injury by drouth, has supplied conditions on the whole unfavorable to a high rate of multiplication among those species peculiarly susceptible to meteorological influ- ences. The Hessran Fuy, so destructive last year throughout Southern Illinois, was so far decimated by its parasites and by the long drouth and heat of summer, that we have not encountered it in destructive numbers except in Clark county, in Eastern Ilhnois, in localities where it did not last year prevail. The fact that the fly occurred here when the weather was not different from that of more southerly localities infected last year, shows that we owe the arrest of its ravages in these localities less to the weather than to other causes,—chief of which are, of course, its parasites. *Under the above head it is proposed to give, each year, asummary of the principal events of interest in the field of economic entomology within the State, with principal reference to the great insect pests whose numbers vary widely from year to year, so that these introductions may afford a continuous history of the oscillations of the mostim- portant species. Here also will be introduced those species first recognized as injurious to agriculture during the year which the report covers, where these seem of sufficient im- portance to deserve special mention in this connection. d The cuincH BuG was uot heard of from farmers anywhere in the State, nor found unusually abundant by us in our field observations. As a contribution to the hfe history of the species in “off years,” the following memoranda for 1833 and 1884, are worthy of record. During the former year we first noted the chinch bug on the 14th of March, in Central Illinois. The adults were still in their winter quarters, occurring about roots in matted grass under old boards and rubbish. April 10, in Southern Illinois, they were still found in the rubbish of strawberry fields, and occasionally among dead leaves in the woods. On the 20th of that month, a very few were encountered in wheat fields near Carbondale. On the 26th, at Normal, they were still collected by the hundred, under boards, not having yet emerged from their winter quarters in Central Illinois. Indeed, on the 7th of the following month, we found them there in the same situation, and in rubbish about wild strawberry plants. On the 20th May. at Centralia, I saw a few adults in wheat fields, and on the 24th, at Decatur, they were relatively abundant in wheat at the bases of the plants, many of them coupled. Specimens placed alive in an empty vial soon deposited their eggs, but careful search about the roots of the plants failed to discover any, and it is probable that oviposition was but just beginning. On the 6th June, adults were found quite numerous just beneath the surface of the ground, about young corn in the field. Many of these were pairing and laying their eggs about the roots. On the 19th June, young chinch bugs emerged from eggs deposited the 23d of the preceding month. On the 23d June, we found the adults, still pairing, in corn fields, and young individuals very numerous between the sheath of the lower leaf and the stalk. On the 26th, at Warsaw, the adults were still to be seen among the roots of wheat, together with many young in the first stage. A few chinch bug eggs were also found in the same situation; and adults still occurred at this season among the roots of corn. On the 29th, at Godfrey, Illinois, a few miles above St. Louis, young chinech bugs were noted frequently in wheat fields, mostly in the first stage, (that immediately following the ege), but a few in the second. Adults were also still occasionally to be found. On the 2d July, the young were noted as still occurring beneath the sheaths of corn, none having yet emerged to the outer surface. All the stages were now found in wheat fields, although pupz were relatively rare. On the 25th July, in Northern hnois, young were found beneath the sheaths of the leaves of corn, mostly in the second stage. From this time to October i, a hiatus occurs in our observations for 1883, but at the latter date all sizes still occurred upon the corn, con- cealed beneath the bases of the leaves, ranging in age from adults to those newly hatched. On the 11th November, both imagos and pape were found hibernating under the bark of an old log at Nor- mal. In 1884, considerable numbers were found March 24, under boards at Normal, scattered under leaves and rubbish in woods, and in similar situations. They were apparently less numerous than even the year before. April 14, adults were seen under boards and rub- bish in Southern Illinois. May 9 and 10, they were occasionally obtained by sweeping grass, having evidently now emerged from 5 their winter quarters. On the 16th, adults were noticed at the bases of the plants in rye fields, (doubtless engaged in laying their eggs), and also at the bases of the stalks of sprouting corn. On the 19th, at Danville, they were likewise seen at the bases of stalks of wheat, and were taken by sweeping the meadows. In the former situation they were several times observed in coitu. On the 22d, considerable numbers, ail adult, were obtained from rye. No young could be detected, although the adults were frequently paired. The latter were also occasionally numerous in corn fields. On the 24th, they were taken frequently by sweeping oats, and likewise found coupled about the roots of corn. On the 5th July, the young were noted frequently at bases of stalks of rye in fields at Normal, and on the 20th, were seen occasionally on corn beneath the sheaths. August 4 to 11, adults and pupe were frequently taken on corn, and on the 21st, both adults and young of several stages, some, evidently of the first, occurred at Kffngham in fields of corn between the leaves and stalk. September 25th, at Godfrey, adults were found seemingly preparing to hibernate under rubbish in the strawberry fields. Imagos, with occasional pupx, were likewise found between the husks of ears of corn. From the above we may infer the usual existence of two broods and at least the occasional occurrence of a third, even in those seasons when the results of their multiplication are relatively in- significant, and the insects themselves escape general notice. ‘Their life history in time of peace hence does not differ materially from that during seasons of immense and wide-extended ravage. The aRMy worm was not heard from anywhere as a notably in- jurious species, although occasional individuals were noticed in the corn, as usual, in the course of our field operations. A fresh female moth was noticed May 3, having evidently just emerged from the chrysalis. On the 27th May, mature larve were found feeding upon leaves of wheat in the field. Transferred to a breeding cage, these ouiered the earth June 7, one emerging June 28, and the other uly 7. The corn root worm (Diabrotica longicornis), has continued its in- juries to the staple crop of the State, interrupted only by the grow- ing disposition to practice rotation of crops as a remedy against it. All the information acquired during the last year is in the line of that previously published, no case of considerable injury having been observed by us or reported to me upon ground not recently in corn for two or more years. Our collections and observations also confirm the previous account of its ife history as published in my first report. The earliest date of the appearance of the larve in the earth, which we have our- selves noticed, is June !4, (1883). I found the larve about half grown in fields of corn near Polo, in Ogle county. During the summer just past, less injury was done to corn than im some previous seasons, owing to the wetness of the weather in early summer, in consequence of which the affected corn rooted more firmly and was able to maintain itself notwithstanding the 6 attacks of the insects. Indeed, during July, I found many roots of corn burrowed lengthwise by nearly full-grown larve, but never- theless not killed by this violence. The adult was first seen by us this year, July 2i, at which time pup and full-grown larve, together with others not matured, were abundant in the earth. Eggs were again found in the earth about standing corn stalks in October of this year, dead adults occurr- ing at the same time under leaves and in the ground. The damage inflicted by this insect has in some cases within my observation amounted during the last year to a nearly total loss of the crop, one farmer reporting a rapid falling off m the yield from sixty bushels to six per acre, owing evidently to the ravages of this insect only. In extreme Northern Illinois, I detected, in July, the notorious WHEAT MIDGE, (probably the most destructive of wheat insects), in fields of spring wheat then just ready for harvest. Considerable damage had been done to here and there a field in that vicinity. The importance of a general knowledge of the characters and hab- its of this most destructive pest is so great, that I have prepared a brief synopsis of the essential facts relating to it for this Report. In autumn, in fields of fall wheat, occurred a sudden irruption of a caterpillar which had not attracted attention in Illinois for more than a dozen years. This species, almost universally mistaken by farmers for the army worm, was the GRASS WORM, (Laphygma frugiperda), sometimes called also the fall army worm. It ate to the ground large tracts of winter wheat, and where these areas were not resown, the ground still remains bare. The larve went into the earth in October, and most of them are passing the winter in the pupa stage. The WHEAT STRAW worm (Jsosoma tritici) still remains a growing evil where winter wheat is raised, and an additional species of very similar habit, called the GREATER WHEAT STRAW woRM (Isosoma grande), was discovered by us this year in Central and Eastern Ilhnois. The WHEAT BULB worm, an outbreak of which occurred two years ago in Fulton county, has not been found seriously injurious since, except in a field of rye this fall, in central McLean county. This erain was sown in July as pasture for stock,—a fact which confirms my former supposition with respect to the injurious effect of early sowing, where injury by this insect is to be anticipated. A new enemy to corn (the rRoor weEB worm) which I first detected last year, was not bred to the imago until the present season. In abundance where occurring, and magnitude of its injuries, it promises to become one of the most important pests of the corn grower. An article upon this insect is published upon another page. The IMPORTED CABBAGE woRM (Pieris rape), although still notably injurious, has been clearly less so this year than for several years preceding, owing unmistakably to the general prevalence and extreme destructiveness of the cabbage-worm disease mentioned in the intro- 7 duction to my report for last year. In several cabbage fields in Central Illinois, I saw, in August and September, the work of this larva arrested and the insect itself almost exterminated by an out- break of this disease. An epidemic extremely similar to the above, possibly identical with it, and not impossibly derived directly from it, has prevailed exten- sively during the season among the sik worms of Illinois, having, for instance, almost completely destroyed a lot of these worms at the Industrial University which were being reared for experimental pur- poses. I have this season successfully cultivated the virus of this disease and applied it to the destruction of other insects. The FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, an outbreak of which species oc- curred last year in Southern Illinois, was again seen in the same re- gion this season, but in number so greatly reduced as to inflict little if any definite injury. The condition and fate of examples collected by us in Southern Illinois this year and kept in breeding cages until they perished, confirmed my supposition of a destructive con- tagious disease among them, apparently the principal cause of their disappearance last year. This was one of the diseases known as muscardine, similar to that of the silk worm occasioned by the well- known fungus Botrytis bassiana. Probably the most notable entomological event of the year was the extraordinary abundance of the maPLE BARK LousE (Pulvinaria imnumerabilis), which species occurred in destructive numbers through- out the State, at least from Chicago to Shelbyville, and probably also farther south. Notes upon the life history, and details of ex- periments upon this species with insecticides, will be found upon another page. The cHerry situa (Selandria cerasi) continued abundant this year, extending its ravages farther to the south than the year before. It was extremely abundant in Central Illinois, at least as far south as Bloomington, many trees being nearly defoliated by it. The APPLE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Pempelia hammondi) and the LESSER APPLE LEAF ROLLER (J'eras malivorana) were each more abundant, locally, in Central Illinois, than the year before, and continued their injuries in nurseries until a later date, in some cases almost wholly preventing advance in growth of young nursery stock. The GRaPE pomace FLY, the larve of which abound everywhere in rotten apples and in old pomace at the cider mills, was this year reported as extremely injurious to grapes in Western Illinois. Another grape pest, well known in Europe, but not hitherto reported in America, (the GRAPE PHYTOPTUS), was discovered by us this season in Illinois, infesting certain of the native varieties. The Grapr PHYLLOXERA, concerning whose status in Illinois I have received this season several inquiries from foreign consuls, has maintained about its usual average during the present year, doing occasional damage to those varieties especially susceptible to it, but producing little or no effect upon the total yield of the vineyards of the State. ; 8 { THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, Whose work in strawberry fields attracted especial attention last year, and led to the publication of an elabo- rate article in my last Report, has continued about as before. Its injuries in strawberry fields were, however, decidedly less conspicuous, owing to the more favorable character of the season. The sTraw- BERRY ROOT WworRMS and the CROWN BORER were seemingly neither more nor less abundant than usual. ic Contributions to Agricultural Entomology. gt ARTICLE I. ON NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN CORN INSECTS. In arranging for this report, our notes of the season on insects injurious to corn, I have assumed that in the present state of our knowledge, nothing could be reckoned really insignificant which either now affected or threatened to affect in future, a crop so im- portant as this to the prosperity of the State. The balance of in- sect life in any cultivated region, is so unstable in character, sub- ject to changes dependent upon differences of season and agricul- tural practice, and upon a variety of other causes not well under- stood, that it is possible that the most trivial species affecting a crop, may rapidly rise to be one of the most destructive, especially if it be its normal habit to’ produce several successive broods in a season. In such an event the importance of accurate knowledge of the uprising species will be readily appreciated, and our acquain- tance with the life history of all should be such that we may be able readily and correctly to divide them into the groups of dan- gerous and indifferent species. Our observations of the year, have consequently not been confined exclusively to the major insects in- jurious to corn, but have covered the minor species also, with a view to thus laying the foundations for a complete knowledge of the subject of insect injuries to this crop in Illinois; and the following paper is to be regarded as preliminary to an elaborate and extensive treatment of the subject in a future report. 12 1. THe Root Wes Worm. (Crambus zeéllus, Fernald.) Order LeprpopreraA. Family Crampipm. (Plate I. Figs. 1-3.) The discovery of an insect new both to science and to agricul- tural entomology, and capable of serious injury to the most im- portant crop of the State of Illinois, is, fortunately, at this date an unusual event, so thoroughly, of late years, has the ground been scanned; and yet, long as is the list of insect enemies of Indian corn, we have no reason to suppose that it is yet complete. The balance of animal life is continually shifting, even in old and long-settled countries, species formerly rare or unknown coming to the front, and others formerly abundant and perhaps destructive, retiring temporarily from view. Not only do insects of other regions invade our own territory, but a peculiar collocation of circumstances often favors the undue multiplication of some one or more of our native species, with the result to convert an insect harmless from its rarity, into a very serious obstacle to the success of agriculture : and it is to be noted that having once reached this “dangerous prominence, it is a rare thing for an insect to permanently lose its hold on the agricultural products of the country. In respect to the species treated in this article, we may at least congratulate ourselves that it has been detected early in its career, before it has reached really dangerous numbers, and prompt and thorough study of its economy and of its life history may give us the means of controlling it before it can do serious mischief. On the 7th June, 1888, my assistant, Mr. Webster, who had been detailed to study the work of the black-headed grass maggot in corn fields*, brought to the office some supposed cutworms—Dristly reddish larvee, which he had found onawing the roots of corn below the surface, in fields in McLean county, on both old and new ground. They were not seen again during this season, but on the 19th May of the present year I received the same species from Mr. EK. A. Gastman, superintendent of public schools at Decatur, with the * See 138th Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, pp. 57-59. 15 information that they had been sent him from Harristown by a farmer, who reported that they were doing serious damage to the roots of his young corn. On the 22d of that month they were again sent me, by Mr. R. H. Mills, of Dwight, in Livingston county, with the following note: “My corn is being badly damaged by small worms. I send you specimens of them, “all of which were found in one hill. ‘There are usually not more than three or four in a hill. The corn is large enough so that we are cultivating it. I shall be very glad if you can give me some information in regard to the worms. They are making bad work with the corn in our fields.” On the 23d, Mr. D. C. Tomlinson, of Osco, Henry county, sent me other specimens of the same _ species, from a field of corn on clover and timothy sod, which had been plowed up early in April. His whole field had been so completely destroyed by this larva, in conjunction with two species of cutworms, as to necessitate replant- ing. He found the new larve (now three- eighths to seven-eighths of an inch long,) partly or wholly encased in a web within the “eround. On the 27th May, I visited Dwight for the purpose of searching the fields of Mr. Mills from which the web worms had been sent me. ‘The corn in this field was injured most in patches. Over one area of about one-fourth of an acre, many hills were missing, and fully one-third of those remaining were damaged, with a plant occa- sionally killed. Upon digging into the affected hills, the caterpillars were found just beneath the surface, sometimes as many as five or six in a hill, each in a retreat formed by loosely webbing together a mass of dirt irregularly cylindrical in shape, one and one-half to two inches long, and about one-half an inch in diameter. The worm was found in a silk-lined tube within this mass (the tube not always perfectly constructed), which in some cases opened at the surface, its presence being indicated by a circular opening about the size of wheat straw, in the earth next a stalk of corn. The first attack upon the plant was made by gnawing the outer surface beneath the ground and above the roots. Occasionally the stalk was completely severed, as by a cutworm, but usually not, the larve showing rather a disposition to work upwards, eating a super- ficial furrow or burrowing lengthwise along the center of the stem. In other parts of the field, only here and there a stalk was attacked. The foliage was also frequently eaten, the lower leaf first and then the upper ones, the larva evidently leaving its burrow for this pur- pose. ‘he tips of the leaves were eaten off, or irregular elongate holes were eaten through them,—probably at night, as I have never seen the larva abroad by day. Where the corn was largest, webbed masses of dirt were frequently found which contained no larve, a fact which I was at first inclined to suppose indicated that the in- sect inhabiting them had transformed, especially as the larve found were of quite uniform size and apparently full grown. I failed to find a single pupa, however; and as our breeding experiments did not yield the insect for more than a month, it seems more likely that these empty webs had been abandoned by worms which had gone in search of younger stalks. 14 On the 7th June, after several hours of careful search in cornfields near Lexington, McLean county, where I selected by preference the least thrifty fields, I found no living larve, and but a single mass of webbed dirt at the base of a stalk precisely similar to those formed by the web worm, the hill containing it having been evidently dam- aged some time before. A number of the larve were brought to the office and placed in earth in a breeding cage on the 28th May. On the 14th June those in the breeding cage were transferred to fresh corn. Many of them were dead, but nine active specimens remained. On the 3°th the corn was renewed and another search was made. No larve were found and but two living pupe. A single imperfect moth was released from the earth in which it had completed its trans- formations, but it was not able to expand its wings and could not be determined. One of the other pupz was unfortunately crushed by accident, and the other was badly infested by mites which clung closely to its crust about the head with inserted beaks. ‘hese were carefully picked away, and this sole remaining pupa was returned to thoroughly calcined earth to complete its transformations. On the 22d July it emerged as a small gray moth, evidently belonging to the family Pyralide. From Prof. C. H. Fernald, to whom I referred the specimen, I learned that it was a species of Crambus new to him and probably undescribed. On the 38d July Mr. Mills, of Dwight, wrote me that the larve had almost entirely disappeared from the corn fields, and that the season had been so favorable to the crop that no percepti- ble damage had finally resulted, with the exception of the loss of a few hills here and there. DESCRIPTION. Larva.—The presence of this larva in the earth may be suspected when an irregular mass of webbed dirt is found among the roots of the corn; an inch or less beneath the surface. If this mass be picked open, the larve will usually be found safely ensconced within. The individual web worm is characterized by its pale reddish brown color, nearly black head, dusky yellow neck or cervical shield, and by the extraordinarily large ‘“piliferous tubercles,” each bearing an unusually long black hair. These “tubercles” are not elevated, but consist of smooth shining areas, of a firmer consis- tency and a darker tint than the adjacent surface. The head is dark chocolate brown, slightly and irregularly rugose, and bears scattered long hairs of a yellowish color. Upon the front is an S-shaped white mark which does not coincide with the sutures of this region, the branches of the 8S lying some distance outside the corresponding sutures, and the common stem being relatively short. The cervical shield is yellowish, with a white median line, a whitish anterior edge, and an oval black spot on the sides near the middle of the lateral margin. Surface with a few scattered long dark hairs. Below the lateral edges of the cervical shield, are two large piliferous tubercles with the anterior spiracle situated in an emargination at the upper posterior angle. The secgnd and third 15 segments of the thorax each bear two rows of piliferous tubercles,— the anterior of four large quadrate spaces, the posterior of two, sometimes united on the middle line. From the fourth to the tenth segment, the piliferous tubercles above the spiracles are in two transverse rows of four each, those of the anterior row being quadrate with rounded angles, and at least as large as the interspaces between them, and those of the posterior row transversely elongated, about twice as long as wide. The lateral tubercle of the anterior row immediately above the spiracle is emar- ginate at its posterior inferior angle, on all the segments from the sixth to the ninth. On these segments is a smaller tubercle, im- mediately behind and beneath the spiracle, and two additional ones occur between the spiracle and the proleg. Directly before and without each proleg, is a narrow arcuate tubercle, bearing several long hairs. The hairs upon the dorsal tubercles are at least as long as the corresponding segments of the body. The anal shield is smooth, of the same dark reddish brown color as the piliferous tubercles, and bears a few long brown hairs. ‘The spiracles are all dark brown, the anterior the larger, and the two posterior next in size. The ventral surface is a little paler than ie eee: the prolegs have a yellowish tinge, the thoracic legs are usky. Length of a full-grown specimen .6 to .8 of an inch, its greatest width .1 inch. Pupa.—The pupa is smooth, shining, pale brown, the abdomen a httle darker, without hairs or spines. Eyes reddish brown, bilobed above; abdomen with an obtuse horny tip. Length .4 inch, breadth .1 inch. Imago.—Prof. Fernald, whom I requested to prepare a description of the moth, kindly furnished me the following, in advance of its proposed publication in the Canadian Entomologist: * CRAMBUS ZEELLUS, n. 8. Fernald. “Eixpanse of wings, from 18 to 24 mm. Palpi, head and thorax, pale leaden gray. The labial palpi extend forward as far as the length of the head and thorax. The maxillary palpi are as long as the head. Fore wings, dull leaden gray, mixed with ashy and _ whitish, especially on the outer part, and crossed beyond the middle by two angulated dull ochre yellowish lines, overlaid more or less with dark brown. The first line crosses the end of the cell where it is angulated. The second crosses the wing about half way between this last and the end. The terminal line is dark brown, and a dark brownish cloud extends obliquely in from the apex to the second line, but does not reach the costa. A narrow ochre-yellow line, somewhat curved, extends from the middle of the base of the wing to the second line near the anal angle, and a similar line, though less plainly marked, runs parallel, between this lne and the —_—. *Since published in Vol. XVII, 55, March, 1885. 16 hinder margin. The terminal space is more or less gray. Outer margin regularly excavated below the apex. Fringes pale metallic lead color. Hind wings, pale fuscous with lighter fringes. Under side of the body and all the wings, pale fuscous. Habitat :—Maine, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Illinois, Missouri.” DISTRIBUTION. | From the observations here recorded, it is rendered probable that this species is distributed generally throughout Central Illinois at least, having been actually received by us from Henry, Macon, McLean, and Livingston counties. LIFE HISTORY. The small size of the individuals observed earliest in the season per- haps makes it possible that they came from the egg last spring; and the brood represented in our collections must have completed its de- velopment by the end of July. Whether a second brood appears is altogether uncertain. The injuries inflicted occur so early as to permit replanting in most seasons in case they should prove to be of serious import; and this species is consequently to be classed with the cutworms so far as the effect of its injuries to corn are concerned. NATURAL ENEMIES. With the exception of the mites which attack the living pupe in our breeding cages, and which were probably responsible at least in part for the death of most of the larve which we tried to rear, the only natural enemy of this species observed by us was a common predaceous ground beetle, Pterostichus sayi, of which there were numerous examples in an infested field near Dwight. The crop of one of these contained a black fluid and no solid structures, (an indication that the beetle had recently drained some insect of its juices), and the other was full of fragments of a dark, thin-skinned caterpillar with but few hairs. This was probably a web worm, as these beetles had been noticed, by the owner of the field, abundant in badly injured hills infested by those insects. ARTIFICIAL REMEDIES. Respecting artificial remedies, I can at present make only a few suggestions. When corn is replanted on account of the ravages of this web worm, the second planting is liable to be attacked and destroyed in turn, since the larval life of the brood lasts too long to permit a postponement of the replanting until the injuries of the insect are arrested by pupation. As the larve are all collected in the old corn hills, it is clearly inexpedient that this corn be plowed up until the cultivation of the field positively requires that this should be done.’ As long as it is left for the larve to feed on, they are little likely to desert it for the new planting, and they may even remain feeding on it until their active larval life is practically completed and their season’s mischief finished. IM Indeed it is much to be desired that some rapid and easy mode of applymg some cheap insecticide to these larve in the ground may be invented, since where their injury is sufficient to compel replanting, every worm in the field could be destroyed by the ap- plication of a little kerosene or Paris green to the old hills of corn.* Where the injury is not total it is easy to capture the worms by hand without injury to the corn. As they lie secured by day in the ground just beneath the surface immediately beside the corn, they may be turned out of the earth by a motion of the finger,— the webbed nest always serving to show their position. I do not doubt that the labor of boys could very profitably be utilized in this way, even in large fields of corn. / 2. Tur SunpHur Lear Rouer. (Dichelia sulphureana, Clemens.) Order Lepipoprera. Family Torrricipm. [Plate I. Fig. 4.] The injuries to agriculture due to this species have been hitherto insignificant in Illinois, as far as my observation extends, but as they have attracted sufficient attention in other parts of the coun- try to warrant treatment in the reports of the United States Ento- mologist, and as I have found that they affect, to some extent, by far the most important crop in Illinois, brief notice of them is evi- dently desirable. LITERATURE. This species was first described by Clemens in 1860, in the Pro- ceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences for that year, page 353, as Cresia? sulfureana. In 1864 it was again described by the same author in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, under these additional names: Crwsia? fulvoroseana, Cresia? virginiana, and Cresia? gallivorana, the form described under the latter name having been received from Illinois. A more general description, including all under one specific name, together with notes on distribution, is given by Robinson in the ae oo of the American Entomological Society for 1869, (Vol. p. 2/8) In the Report of Prof. Comstock for 1881, as United States En- tomologist, was published the only elaborate article upon this species which has yet appeared, he treating it especially as a clover insect, describing the larva and pupa, giving an account of its life history as indicated by his observations and breeding experiments, and summarizing the facts known respecting its distribution. * Both the above considerations apply also to the wire worms in corn, since these are likewise gathered wholly in the corn hills in infested fields. 9 18 By Prof. Packard, in 1882, in the second volume of Papilio, page 182, the larva was re- -described, the occurrence of the insect in Maine was noted, and observations were added upon its food plants and the date of its transformations. In the same year, Prof. Fernald mentions the species in his list of North American Tortricide, and gives its synonomy, distribution, and choice of food plants. In 1883, Mr. Coquillet, of Illinois, described the larva again, and gave some additional notes upon its food plants and life history. DESCRIPTION. Imago.—This insect may be described in general terms as a brownish yellow moth, the fore wings of which are marked by two V-shaped brown bands (the apex of the angle backwards) so placed that when the wings are closed these markings form an X. The palpi are long, nearly or quite twice the length of the head, yellow above, deep red laterally and beneath. The antenne are red- dish brown; the head and thorax are yellow above, tinged with red or purple at the sides; the patagia red in front, yellow beyond. Anterior wings golden yellow, finely reticulated with red or purplish, (sometimes the reticulations are wanting), costa tinged with purple at base. A purple spot on the middle of internal margin throws out two diverging lines, one of which attains the costa at the basal third, the other ending just below a similarly colored subapical costal spot. ‘The internal margins more or less tinged with purple, some- what constant and deepest towards the base; fringes yellow. Pos- terior wings above and beneath varying from pale yellowish fuscous to dark fuscous or blackish. Under surface of anterior wings clouded centrally with fuscous; the margins paler, sometimes yellow. Abdo- men brownish, legs pale silvery brown, anterior ones darkest. Ex- panse, female, 14-17 mm.; female, 17-19 mm. Larva.—Cylindriecal, abhtly fusiform, 14-15 m.m. long. Head and cervical shield varying from pale honey- yellow to yellowish brown, the rest of the body yellowish green, translucent, showing the darker green of the alimentary canal. yes, third joint of antenne and tarsi blackish. Piliferous tubercles (slightly paler than the rest of the body) on each segment, arranged in a trapezoid, each bearing a brownish hair half as long as the body is thick. Spiracles green, ringed with brown. At the end of the supra-anal is a flattened spinose tubercle. Pupa.—The pupa is thus described by Prof. Comstock in the Re- port of the Department of Agriculture for 1880: “Length, 8 m.m. Color, dark shining brown, lighter at the end of the wing covers and the parts covering the palpi and base of thé antenne. Front rounded and smooth. Abdominal segments on the dorsal side armed with two transverse rows of small spines inclined backward, those on the posterior edge of each segment finer and closer than those of the other row. Abdomen terminated by a pro- tuberance, flattened above, rounded at the end, hollowed out under- neath the base, and armed with two fine hooks on each side, and four from the end.” 19 This species has a wide range, occurring throughout the country from Maine and Massachusetts to Illinois and Missouri, and Florida and Texas. LIFE HISTORY. Prof. Comstock believes this leaf-roller to be at least three-brooded, the larve of the first brood occurring in May, of the second, in June, and of the third, in August. Larve collected by him May 13 pupated in part on the 19th and emerged as moths from the 19th of May to the 3d of June. Those collected June 20 pupated July 1 and emerged July 5-14; and those taken August 15 pupated September 1 and emerged September 1-16. Later larve were found October 21. In Maine, larve collected by Packard the first week in August pupated August 7 and transformed to the imago August 16 and 17. In Illinois there seem also to be several broods, as indicated by the following facts from our breeding-cage records, but it is not pos- sible to fix their number or to assign them limitations of time. Larve collected May 17, this year, began to pupate on the 20th and to emerge June 7. Those obtained May 23 pupated June 11-21 and commenced to emerge June 19. Others taken June 7 emerged June 26-28. Those pupating July 6 emerged July 11, (Coquillet), and those taken August 18 pupated on the 20th and completed their transformations on the 31st of the same month. Hence, without actually breeding from the egg, we can only say that the insect breeds all summer and that it apparently hibernates in the larval stage, as indicated by the late date of Prof. Comstock’s larve, mentioned above. INJURIES TO VEGETATION. This species has been repeatedly bred by us from corn, during the present year, the larve being found in May and June folding the young leaves of the plant from side to side and feeding within the cylindrical case thus formed. By Prof. Comstock it was reported injurious to clover, both white and red, near Washington, folding the leaflets into a kind of tube by drawing the edges together with silken threads spun for the pur- pose. ‘‘Sometimes,” he says, ‘“‘they spin two leaflets loosely to- gether, or to the flower head when they are nearly full grown. They issue from either end of this tube, and feed upon the surrounding foliage, of which, when the larve are young, they eat only the under surface, leaving the veins and the epidermis of the upper side intact, but when nearly full grown they eat irregular holes through the surrounding leaflets and flower heads. These larve are very active when disturbed, and wriggle from their tubes, suspending themselves by a single thread, by which they can let themselves down to to the ground, and if further dis- turbed, they wriggle about with great energy.” 20 In addition to the plants above mentioned, this leaf-roller has been found by Packard upon the pine, and by others upon the lo- cust, grape, strawberry, cotton, and orange. Mr. Coquillett bred it from Verbena hastata, Dr. Kellicott from Ranunculus acris, My. Walsh from grass and willow. We have bred it this summer from the following list of plants besides corn: common burdock (Lappa major), red clover, Verbena urticifolia Monarda fistulosa, and Hrigeron canadense. Although its injuries have not been reported serious, its wide distribution, its abundant food resources, and the number of successive broods, bring it within the tist of species capable of serious mischief under favoring circumstances. NATURAL ENEMIES. Prof. Comstock says, ‘‘One of the larve on clover was found to be infested with a hymenopterous parasite, which, however, failed to emerge.” In our own breeding cages three hymenopterous parasites emerged this summer, all true [Ichneumonide. 9 3. THe Rep-Banpep Lear Rouuer. (Lophoderus triferanus, Walk.) Order Leripoptera. Family ‘Tortricipm. This species occurs somewhat rarely in Illinois, and has not been reported throughout its wide range to do any injury except to the cranberry in Massachusetts, where its larva is locally known as one of the cranberry worms. We bred it, however, during this past season, from pale green leaf rollers in young corn, and consequently may regard it as worthy of brief mention, especially as its local abundance in cranberry plantations in Massachusetts would indicate a capacity for excessive multiplication which makes it a possible source of danger in the great corn fields of the Mississippi Valley. The presence of this larva and of that of the sulphur leaf roller just treated, is indicated in corn fields by the folding lengthwise or rolling of the leaves in May and June. If these leaves be opened, a green wriggling larva will be found enclosed in a web within. The moth hatching from these folded leaves in June, if Lophoderus triferanus, may be recognized as an insignificant brown species, about a half inch across the spread wings. The fore wings are reddish brown except on the terminal fourth which is gray.speckled with black, as is also the basal half of the posterior edge of the same wings. A more detailed description is given beyond. The species was first described by Walker in 1863, as Cacecia triferana, and again by Clemens in 1865, in the proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, under the name of Tortrix incertana. A better description of the moth, with figures of male 21 and female, is given by Robinson in Volume II, of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, under the same specific name. As an injurious insect it is mentioned by Dr. Packard in the Massachusetts Agricultural Report for 1870, and in the Tenth Report of the Geological and Geographical Survey of Colorado and Adja- cent Territory, 1576. By Miss Murtfeldt it is reported as injurious to the rose, in the third volume of the American Entomologist (1880), and by Prof. Lintner as a clover insect in the Annual Report of the New York Agricultural Society for the same year. In all the foregoing articles except the first, this species is treated under Clemens’ specific name, but in Fernald’s Catalogue of the Tortricide of North America, (1882 ), this is reduced to a synonym of Walker’s triferanus. The larva was not distinguished in our breeding cages from that of the preceding species (Dichelia sul- phureana), consequently I am unable to give a detailed description of it. Clemens’ description of the imago is as follows: Palpi ochreous or brownish ochreous except the minute third joint which is blackish. Head and thorax ochreous or brownish ochreous. Anterior wings pure pale reddish brown within the central fascia, except on internal margin, which is broadly covered at base with blackish brown scales forming a rather prominent irregular spot followed by an aggregation of intermediate pale ochreous and _black- ish seales to the fascia. Central fascia broad, distinctly dark brown, sometimes reddish brown. The sub-apical costal spot is dark brown and separated from the central fascia by a reddish brown shade. The remaining outer portion of the wing pale ochreous except a testaceous brown spot above the anal angle. Fringes dark ochreous. Posterior wings fuscous above, testaceous beneath. Fringes pale testaceous, much clouded centrally with dark fuscous. Expanse, male 15, female 19 mm.” This species has been collected from Maine and New York to Illinois and Texas, and has been found feeding on the cranberry, elm, soft maple, oak, apple, rose, beans, Gnaphaliwn polycephalum, clover, strawberry, and corn. Our specimens, collected on May 29, emerged June 30. 4. THe Common Lapy Bua. (Tippodamia maculata, DeG.) Order ConrorrEerA. Family CoccinELiuIpm. There are a thousand things in the experience of every naturalist to show that the adjustments of Nature are rarely exact. Even the best of our zodlogical friends occasionally turn against us. The most insectivorous of birds fails to discriminate in its captures between the enemies and the friends of man, and the re- 22 nowned “lady bugs,” kindly looked upon by the whole civilized world as friends of no uncertain color, have also occasional lapses from virtue, when pressed by hunger or actuated by whim, The common spotted lady bug is often abundant in corn fields, where, as dissection usually demonstrates, it is in search of the falling pollen of the plant, or of minute fungi which speck the withered leaves, or of the plant lice which infest the foliage, tas- sels, and husks ; but last August, we saw it eating the exposed ker- nels at the tip of the ear, hollowing out their substance, and partly buried in the cavities thus made. But it is perhaps fortunate that the lady bugs have the power of sustaining themselves for a time on other than their favorite food, for no one who knows the efficiency of this species as a check on the multiplication of the corn plant louse can fail to yield it gladly the few kernels of corn needed to tide it over a period of danger- ous scarcity of its animal food. 5. Tue Brassy Fura BEetwe. ' (Chetocnema pulicaria, Cr.) Order ConzorrErRaA. Family CHRYSOMELIDA. This abundant little flea beetle, one of the commonest and most widely distributed, was twice noticed in young corn during the last season in numbers sufficient to inflict noticeable injury at the time, by riddling the leaves with small holes. 6. Lear Hoppers. TETTIGONIDA. Jassus inimicus, Say. Cicadula nigrifrons, n. s.* Cicadula quadrilineatus, n. s.* Macropsis nobilis. Among the various species of leaf hoppers found upon young corn, those above mentioned have occasionally occurred in our experi- ence in sufficient numbers to injure the plant appreciably in June and July. The three species first mentioned are more fully treated under the head of Insects Injurious to Wheat. 7. GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDID™) IN CoRN. The damage done to Indian corn by the common species of grass- hoppers has been often enough reported, and is known to every one, but the species responsible for it have rarely been precisely *See page 63. 23 identified. During the present season the following species have been found noticeably injurious to this crop in Illinois: Tur Rep-Leeerp Grassuoppers, Pezotettix femur-rubrum, DeG., and P. atlanis, Riley. The most evident i injury to corn done by these species which came to my knowledge, was that reported by Dr. F. W. Goding. In a letter dated August 29, he says: ‘‘For the first time in my hfe I have this summer seen damage done to crops by locusts. The corn bordering on grass lands has been considerably injured, causing the ear to be small and undeveloped. They ate the leaves, husks, tops and ends of the ears. The injury was done by the femur-rubrum and atlanis; also many narrow winged ‘katydids’ were with them.” [Probably Orchelimum vulgare.] Acridium americanum, Drury.—In Union and Perry Counties, in September this great bird grasshopper (so closely related to the Egyptian locust as to startle one as he notices its abundance in ex- treme Southern Illinois), was occasionally found doing considerable damage in the borders of cornfields, sometimes completely stripping the stalks of leaves. It never swarms, however, and has not the dreaded power of migration of its relative, and has hitherto done no serious injury. Caloptenus differentialis, Thos.—This species, one of our most abundant, was the commonest grasshopper in cornfields in Southern Illinois this fall, feeding not only on the ieaves, but on the corn at ae tip of the ears, and sometimes gnawing down the side of the cob. Orchelimum vulgare, Harris.—In some situations this common grass locust was about as abundant as Caloptenus differentialis, and sim- larly injurious. 8. A ContTRIBUTION TO THE Lire History oF THE Corn Puant Louse. (Aphis maidis, Fitch.) Order Hemiptera. Family ApxHipip™. By H. Garman. Our knowledge of this insect is made up of scattered contributions which have been made from time to time since the year 1856, when Dr. Asa Fitch, in his second report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of New York, named the insect and de- scribed the aérial form. At the time his report was written, Dr. Fitch had seen only the larva, wingless female, pupa and winged female of the aérial form, and these were supposed by him to occur only upon the peduncles of corn ears. Mr. B. D. Walsh next discovered the root form and described its larva, apterous female, pupa and alate female (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1863, and Trans. Ill. State Ag. Soc., 1865). He mentions the fact that this form is attended by small ants. In his list of the plant-lice of the United States, published in Bulletin 2 of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 1877, Dr. Cyrus Thomas adds to our information the statement that the aérial form occurs on the corn silks as well as on the ear- stalks. 24 In the years following this until 1882, the notes. on the corn louse which appeared in periodicals added nothing new to its history, being chiefly repetitions of the matter given in the three articles above referred to. But in the Stark County (Illinois) News in 1882, Dr. EK. R. Boardman published an account of the insect in which we find a few facts additional to those already given. The aérial form is said by this writer to appear on the tassels in the latter part of July and to be also attended by, small ants. The lice are said to occur ‘‘all the way up the stalk,” are badly parasitized by a small ichneumon fly and are preyed upon by the lady bug, Coccinella 9-notata. Prof. 8. A. Forbes in his report for the year 1882, as Illinois State Entomologist, adds the three lady bugs, Hippodamia maculata, H. convergens, and H. glacialis to the list of corn plant louse ene- mies, and the ant which attends the lice is identified by him as Lasius flavus. The next addition appeared in the third biennial report of the Kan- sas State Board of Agriculture, 1883. In this report Mr. E. A Popenoe states that he observed in his state, corn plant lice hving upon sorghum cane and found the larve of a syrphus fly preying upon them. The latest of the more important contributions appeared in Prof. Forbes’ report as State Entomologist for 1883. In this article, broom corn is added to the lst of corn louse food-plants and ex- act data as to the occurrence of the two forms during the season are given. Panicum, a common grass of corn fields, is shown to be a possible food- plant. These authors have given us the essential facts as far as they are at present known. Besides their work only a few scattered notes and more or less imperfect summaries of the information they give, have appeared in print. As thus recorded the history is im- perfect in several important particulars. (1) It does not tell us where the males and egg-laying females appear and when and where the eggs are laid, and (2) it does not tell us positively what relation the root and aérial forms bear to each other. It was with the pur- pose of deciding these points that the observations recorded in what follows were undertaken. A marked irregularity in the growth of corn often noticed in the spring of the year, is frequently found on investigation to be the result of attacks of the root form of the corn louse, and large colo- nies will in such cases be found on the bases of the stems and on the roots of the dwarfed plants. Such plants frequently do not re- cover from the damage done them, but yield at the harvest, if any- thing, small or imperfect ears. The aérial lice also sometimes dwarf the plants where they occur in great numbers, but when the fore part of the season is favorable, the plants gain such a start by the time this form appears that subsequent injuries will not check the growth. The damage wrought by these insects occasionally reduces a crop one-half or three-fourths, but damage so severe as this is exceptional and confined to limited areas. The uniform presence of the lice, however, and their wide distribution, taken with the value of the crop they affect, makes them very damaging pests to the people of this 25 State. Taking the acreage for corn in Illinois as 6,586,201, the the number given in the report of our State Agricultural Department for 1882, an average loss in a year of as little as one bushel to each ten acres would amount to about 658,620 bushels of corn, rep- resenting at least $100,000 in money, an amount sufficient to pay the expenses of a State Entomologist for fifty years. NOMENCLATURE. All those who have written upon the corn louse, with the excep- tion of Prof. Forbes, have used without question the technical name Aphis maidis. There can be little doubt, however, that the corn plant louse belongs to the genus Rhopalosiphum, as this genus is used by the great authorities on the classification of aphides. The char- acteristic swollen cornicles are not as well marked as in some mem- bers of the genus Rhopalosiphum, but will serve at a glance to dis- tinguish this species from members of the genus Aphis. The old name has so frequently appeared in these reports that a change is not deemed desirable here. DESCRIPTION. Winged viviparous female {root form|.—Head black. Thorax brown- ish black. Abdomen above pale green with about three marginal black spots and numerous small, dark specks over the surface. Antenne dark with pale at the articulations. Prothorax pale in the middle; meso- and metathorax chiefly brown. Cornicles black with some black at their bases, chiefly inside. Cauda dusky, with several transverse dusky marks before it. Thorax chiefly dark below, with interspaces about bases of limbs brownish. Under side of the abdo- men pale green; two transverse dark marks before the cauda. Legs mostly black ; tibie for basal two-thirds pale. Length of body 1.8 mm.; width of body, .9 mm.; antenne, .7 mm; cornicles, .12 mm.; wing, 2 mm. Pupa of winged viviparous female [root form).--Head obscurely dusky. Thorax obscure reddish brown. Abdomen above pale dull ereen, without spots. Antennce dusky only at tip. Eyes reddish- brown. Wing-pads obscurely dusky. Cornicles black. Cauda dusky. General color below greenish. Rostrum dark at base and tip. Tarsi and tips of tibie dusky. Length of body, 1.61 mm.; width of body, .8 mm. Wingless viviparous female jroot form].—Head black above. Pro- thoracic segment black; the following three body segments each with a transverse dusky mark on their middles. Abdomen pale green, with black marginal spots and with numerous smaller specks over the surface. Antenne dusky at tip and slightly also at base. Eyes reddish brown. Cornicles black. Cauda dusky; pre- ceded by two transverse black marks. Abdomen beneath with two transverse black marks before the cauda, otherwise nearly uniform pale green below, Rostrum black at base and tip. Coxe, femora chiefly, tips of tibiz and the tarsi black. Body widely oval in out- lne. Antenne short, about half the length of the body and head; first and second articles equal in length, first largest; third article 26 longest ; fourth and fifth subsequal and about equal to the thickened proxima] part of the sixth. Cornicles short, tapering towards the tip, not swollen, extremities flared. Cauda short and wide. Length of body, 1.4 mm.; width of body, .98 mm.: antenne, .57 mm. The young of hie form are paler in cole and have proportionally longer rostra and shorter cornicles. Winged viviparous female jaérial form|.—Head black. Thorax chiefly black above. Abdomen pale green, faintly bluish at sides, with three marginal black spots on each side preceding larger spots which surround the bases of the cornicles. Antenne chiefly black. Cornicles black. Cauda green, edged with black. Segments behind the cauda dark-edged. Head and thorax beneath chiefly black. Abdomen pale green, with two transverse black marks preceding the cauda. Legs pale at their articulations; middle part of tibiz often pale. Rostrum chiefly black. Body more slender than that of the female of the root form. Antenne rather long; fourth and fifth articles each longer than the basal part of the sixth. Cornicles moderately long, swollen in the middle. Length of body, 2 mm.; width of body, .87 mm.; antennae, about .85 mm.: cornicles, .2 mm.; wing, 4.65 mm. Pupa of winged viviporous female [aerial form].—Head dark brown, often presenting an appearance of two longitudinal dark bands. Body chiefly pale green. Wing-pads, cornicles and tip of cauda black. Antenne chiefly dark. Beak dark at base and tip. sae nearly all dark; tibiz pale proximally. Length of body. 1.6 mm. width of body, .62 mm.; antenne, .7 mm.; cornicles, .12 mm. Wingless viviparous Fide faerial form]. General color pale green, with cauda, cornicles and greater part of the rostrum, antenne, and legs black. Head with two broad, approximated, longitudinal dark bands which give the prevailing color. Abdomen with the usual marginal black spots and the black patch about the base of the cornicles. Antenne dark at base and apex. Eyes reddish brown. Anterior legs mostly pale. Rostrum dark at base and apex. More slender than the female of the root form and of a brighter green color. The cornicles are swollen in the middle. Length of body, 1.97 mm.; width of body, 1 mm.; antenne, .75 mm.; cornicles, .17 mm. The young of this form differs from the adults in the same manner as do those of the root form, 7. e. they are more slender, have longer beaks and shorter cornicles. Towards fall the green color worn by the adults is changed for darker colors and often females which are still giving birth to young are bluish black. A meal-like coating can be detected on the bodies by examination with a lens. LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. Naturalists hold to the belhef that it is not im accordance with natural law that a species of animal should reproduce indefinitely without the union of the male and female sexes. It is true that when supplied with heat and food artificially, certain species of Aphides have been induced to reproduce for long periods without bo 27 marriage, but it is held that this could not be continued for any great length of time without injury to the species, and eventually, it is thought, would result in its extermination. There are certain species of plant lice, however, of which no males or oviparous females have been seen. Such species are thought to produce males and egg laying females locally or only at seasons which from some unknown cause are especially favorable to this method of reproduc- tion. Observations made by the writer during the past season indicate this habit for Aphis maidis. From the latter part of May when this plant louse appeared on the corn till the middle of November when the corn had long been dry and the ground had been many times frozen, the corn louse was followed with special care; and though hundreds of individuals were dissected under the micros- cope, only wingless and winged viviparous females were seen during the season. About October 6th, most of the sorghum cane in Cen- tral Illinois was ripe and ready for the mill. Aphis maidis had been during the season abundant on the blades and to save itself must now depart. Upon examination the species was found to be repre- sented mostly by pupe and alate females. The pups, as was found by confining them, were rapidly maturing and the winged adults were leaving the sorghum and scattering in all directions. While standing at the edges of such fields at this time one’s person inter- rupted the flight of many of these winged lice. The roots were now carefully ‘searched for the root form, but it was not to be found in places where at the beginning of the season it was common. Whole plants were searched with the glass for eggs, and, though some of them had afforded nourishment ‘to hundred of aphides dur- ing the summer, no eggs could be found. The lice which were thus forced to leave the sorghum field doubtless resorted to the corn, which was less advanced and for some time afterward continued to furnish them appropriate food. With the advance of the season the lice upon corn were also de- prived of food. But in this case the irregular development of the stalks which prevailed in most fields served to collect the lice into great colonies by driving them gradually from their stalks to the greener and less matured ones. At the last most of the lice were to be found between the outer husks of the greener ears and upon dwarfed and immature stalks. These had not all collected there as winged females, for the wingless louse showed itself capable of leay- ing a stalk and finding a better one. Both wingless and winged females of of the aérial form were now isolated and confined: both were found to give birth to living young. On the ninth of Novem- ber numerous specimens were collected in the fields and carried to the house. Among them were many winged females, some pupx and a few young. All proved to be viviparous. Some of them were alive November fifteenth; on the twentieth of this month the last winged female died with its body distended with matured em- bryos (11 were counted.) The iast to succumb was a pupa which died some days later. The specimens seen in the fields November 9th, were the last ones observed alive out of doors. Previous to this date there had been severe frosts, and the corn was nearly all dry and hard. The 28 lice obtained at this time were found chiefly among the husks of nubbins and in crannies between the ensheathing part of the leaves. They were evidently restless, and the warmth of the sun at midday aroused some of them to endeavors to find better quarters. ‘hese were found wandering about the stalks. An almost microscopic ex- amination of stalks which had supported thousands of aphides was made after the lice disappeared without finding an egg. ‘The root form of the corn louse has not to my certain knowledge been ob- served later than October 8. Its period has probably passed and its purpose been served when the warm weather of July comes on, and with it the aérial form. But to make sure as to whether or not this form was hibernating in the ground, the roots of weeds, erasses and corn in cornfields were searched in November, but with- out finding them. In the same fields at this time, the hibernating viviparous females of Schizoneura panicola were abundant on the roots of blue grass and timothy. From these observations, it seems to me evidently either that (a) Aphis maidis matures its egg-laying brood locally; (b) that this brood matures on some plant other than corn, or (c) that the brood appears at intervals greater than one year, the species being in the mean- time maintained by hibernating viviparous individuals. (a) The area over which the foregoing observations were made will doubtless be quite uniformly infested early the coming spring with corn plant lice. That these lice can have been so distributed over so extensive an area, and at so early a date after hatching oe the eggs of locally developed oviparous females, can not be elieved. (b) If eggs were produced on some plant other than corn, it must have been by plant lice born of the viviparous females which de- serted the corn. The development of such a brood would have been possible even after the first of November; for Aphis mali matured its oviparous brood on the ‘apple trees after this date. When the winged viviparous females of the corn louse began to mature rapidly and scatter through the fields in the fall, close watch was kept of available plants to see whether or not the lice resorted to them for this purpose. Volunteer corn, which grew up along railroads late in the season, became almost invariably stocked by these migrating ~ individuals, but on no other plant could the adults and young be found. Wheat, oats and the perennial grasses seemed to be the most likely to be resorted to, and the roots and stalks were thoroughly examined. ‘The lice peculiar to these plants were often found in very great numbers, but in not a single instance was any- thing found established on them which could be taken for Aphis maidis. (c) The hypothesis that the lice hibernated as alate viviparous females was the only one, then, left to me, and though not thoroughly satisfied with the nature of the eVidence, | am disposed to believe that this is the usual manner of passing the cold months, and that the oviparous brood appears only under specially favorable cireum- stances, perhaps locally. This conclusion is held subject to revision. It is what seems most probable with the results of two seasons ob- servation before me. ug) The following observation bears upon the relation of the root and aérial forms to each other. On the 25th of June a number of the root form were colonized on the roots of corn growing in the labor- atory, and on the 5th of July one of these lice was observed to have established itself upon one of the leaves. On the 6th of July it was found to have given birth to two young during the preceding night. Others of the root lice were observed upon the leaves, but the plant at this stage began to die, and the experiment ended. I have little doubt, however, that this would have proved the beginning of a colony of aérial corn lice. In the light of these observations, the history of the lee during the year seems to be this: Reproduction is carried on during the warm months by the viviparous (mostly wingless) females of the aérial form. In the fall viviparous winged females predominate, serving to distribute the species and (generally) by hibernating pass it over the winter months. In the spring these females resort to the roots and bases of the stems, where they are then protected from the cold, and multiply here until the warm weather of the latter half of July sets in, when their descendants migrate to the leaves, husks and silks, founding there the colonies of aérial lice. An account of the life history of this plant louse would be imper- fect without some notice of the little ant. Lasius flavus. In the spring this ant is almost invariably to be found with the root lice, carefully guarding the latter, and when the burrows are exposed carrying them away and concealing them in the earth. During the fore part of summer it occurs on the plants among the aérial lee, but when the dry season of late August and early September sets in, it burrows deep into the earth and is not often seen except after rains, when it opens up its burrows. With the fall rains it again comes to the surface and may be found to the end of the season with its young and colonies of Schizonewra panicola on the roots of grasses. Its purpose in attending the corn louse is doubtless to secure the sweet fluid which a tap from an antenna will cause a full fed louse to eject.* But I am disposed to believe that the ants attend Schizo- neura panicola for the purpose of browsing upon the waxen coat which covers that species. I have several times seen the ants gath- ered about a detached mass of this wax and apparently eating it. In some nests of these ants one finds in winter masses of plant lice eggs which have been collected the previous fall. The ants carry these about as the do the plant lice. Why they are collected, 1am unable to say. A natural inference is that they collect them to stock plants in the vicinity of their nests in the spring.t It may be they are used as food, as, indeed, from the results of some experiments in keeping them indoors I suspect the lice are occasionally. * During the past summer I have repeatedly seen the ants secure this favor, and to my Sut Bree the sweet droplet was always discharged from the vent, never from the cornicles. + A quantity of these eggs were collected last spring and giver to a colony of ants keptin doors. They hatched small green plant lice which at once seattered in all di- BeeHOus.. They would not make their home on any of the plants offered them, and so were lost. 30 The following table shows the dates at which the lice have been observed. It 1s deficient in not showing the relative abundance at the different dates of the stages, larva, pupa, and adult females: Root Form | AERIAL Form. Date. a een | sa eset ae Se eee ib each |i sien 5 S 5 5 ZB 3 a 2 | 2 | fe] fe | 2 | 2. | ee | Es S —O —O : —O —o . om Om 1 on Cn ° mn ‘ ee | IWawailiese-= a cccecccnccsance eer x x | pe care ed | BERG CAC Ccccl ems saaoellooabee.s Dee ce ee see Bcicicteteia's ovis otel—je meal oversee aoe eet feeeeans Rs, | Niece col ee see tees atelee eine Sere SVU Opa oteia ste hee aerate haves. crave nieve CORE ere |e eeeeeteeera le parae me re |e ee ners | bandana lsesocac.. GO eee Les Mahe See x x x Dee = bool ee een a eae sh NE oe ctecia vera’ a lara! ate eins aioe ice otaace one | ees ote 2 Gi sie eo |||’ S.dve's SHINS sepa cet Spadereteterees | lc arene ae : 1 RES RE Seen aa occa mnbaen or leessanoe ale ae neces WWometogcesic Jsooasooollsssncgecioscscsor Se Ob ac. foe Sun ane ae ia SRE KU ISER aee x Koen SSese ne | es Ne AE ae at Ramana RG 60 SE REIT PEI EoScha cl Re sesey sie |e So an IRs pats Xm || ee oer se Il cedherace reaver \a tayeie oe a aill Seimei CL cho eee ere SEP ieer sll ici wera be En ea ek San ee > Gale | PARE [SAE aac (Search (ome acs pak CLO sacle oretieea re areee sane memes CEL RACE Se ee Goan | oan San lhocsacaslaosbocddllsccsnans SO lic uae GRae eee ere CE cr ee Da ee ae ee eee | ae Be Ee Lay [tee | Eee aeee Cre DEE re Savstere es Miaae eSATA eter eae eS || ee 2? x x Xx x x POO crete ore eat es bois tate ass ava co Mateo eters cheered eater cote lt peteuaoll cre cima oe Diag |B are || rai 3 OR) EST Sah as SSeS ci-icl | Ace pean | sean ae x Re isto a seal ee eee | oo eee ON OB DR SO: Sar cemppeet ta || ee ee le eh el ea Xa Ko ieee aaliouacme os JRTUYAG Se 8 aS AY oe iy Sercncee 2 | RBA SII ee Ral Pe Sr x x x OT lhe ae EE eee ae ae i ic Sl tei cata | eS ate beer a | Sad eT a x x x x STOVE SHES eH Ce a SeR eo ae Spain| eeaone asl bee mallal Snceraryey eee eee x ieee ae x DO ee ele Mec eo stele eae eee ee eet | Rae ere connote ce ce | Memreceme x x Kol Aig ee eee (SKEN Ot Ua Se crete a Nr erica iene econ ioe rol fe eee KA Se Pe | RS, 2 x xe BV RAIN o ere oe Ene eetet ete fe Reel etetenetterg | ents lice oe teallnsceemee x x x Sep RA OS Tore cia: cistehoge shateoel ete ll ne nrere atelier etal tases oe Ki yl asec Case eee eee toeraea pecisenee SB z arareie in eis aes alare cola cole tore Sete eva oie See | ete aie erate hase wieieiearel| owisie qj re ill icra teroneiovet| fetes Sreeorenes I remo teeters oS Be See SSSR EE EER SOB RG Sod SEs Oboes IEE Ca nGiEh a see eeel AEE me mts Cee fee oes x x TL Se 27s Se ee er paella aisesl | Sha eee Mille ec mee | Cea eee x Suites el oS ae bcalizeomemes OY CC Ree is Sere Ere Econ o6u Se snenedl (GBSee cee GoSnenen Cmeteeea | Basodcadlssocomaodlesstucos x Eee) ALM e rn ies 4) teil SAA een (ER Spell hee coe S ee a See x (OXOU Ss OAR ote See Re OCIS SE LO [ees erates] eserta eit Ise any learn | x x OC rece Redeem Qi ee sae ae ore LR Reman aricept [[eh rare | aps SI oy ee x x Xx x Te SAR e eRe RR as ome | (ik, ONE at 0G See ee een) aneeet eer Xx x x x PH OS Sac Aint Stato ne Sata Pk NA a XK Vi eseeteuersos| Ete acters | claeerebralletolurs ee Ue eS he Pen ea Alf oe ee (ee ea A eee eS > ail errr x x NOT fei Ba ON a 2 RR a Sa Frc Ne TEE a | Wr i Dr a Pl eseatees Ki, (lasses ES SAG ie MALS ERIS FSR es" a | me Pee Ded x x x x BE AER OU eae Nee ets yy) eat een (epee el Meenas Spall 2 Aas ee ee x x x x BINS Le ae SO SS id papa el | eam ee oe eo ile Seek al Ded lee x x SO eee ae eet ee nog | Se ar Sateen | eee cee Reems A ealaeaceces x x OU rea patnt 5 ae SE Oe toll Koen doe Mone aeCe eee ea meinen x x Xn | eee es EGS es cd ee pe ee | a eee ee Tn a Bo x x SER ae Ae The species will probably be found to occur in every county of the State. We have observed it or had it reported from the following: Stephenson, Ogle, DeKalb, Rock Island, Kendall, LaSalle, Putnam, Stark, Livingston, Warren, Peoria, McLean, Tazewell, Mason, Me- nard, Champaign, Morgan, Jersey, Fayette, Effingham, Marion, White, Madison, Union, and Pulaski. PARASITES AND PREDACEOUS INSECTS AFFECTING THE CORN LOUSE. A most efficient check on the further increase of the corn louse exists in a small four-winged fly, belonging to the genus Adialytus, which deposits its eggs within the bodies of the lice and in its larva state feeds upon their tissues. The greater part of a colony of the lice is sometimes thus infested, the lee contaiing the grubs which hatch from the eggs being known by their brown swollen bodies, or at an earlier stage by a slightly yellowish color. The adult Adialytus is a slender, active ichneumon fly, about .06 inch in length. Its feelers and legs are long and slender and the abdo- men is very flexible so that it can easily be bent upon itself. ‘The Ou general color is black, with yellow mouth-parts and legs. The wings are transparent and beautifully iridescent under the magni- fying glass. The male closely resembles the female, but has two more articles in each of its antenne and has the tip of its abdomen blunt instead of sharp pointed. The following more detailed des- cription will serve to distinguish the species from those which in- fest other plant lice. Adialytus maidaphidis, noy. sp. Head and thorax black, shining, smooth. Abdomen reddish brown, darkest on the middle of the segments, with a few short whitish hairs. Front with whitish hairs. Antenne dull black. Mouth-parts pale honey yellow. Cox of an- terior and middle legs, trochanters of all the legs, anterior and middle femora, anterior tibiz and tips of middle and hind tibiz honey-yellow. Posterior femora mostly biack. Limbs clothed with appressed silky white pubescence, thickest on the tibize and tarsi. Hind cox black. Tarsi dusky. Wings transparent, iridescent, with some yellow at base anda basal half of costa. Stigma smoky brown, with a touch of yellow at its inner angle. Nerves black. Head subspherical. Eyes large and prominent. ‘Three ocelli conspicuous. Antenne of 13 articles in the female; with 15 in the male. Two proximal articles equal in length, shorter than the others, about as long as wide. The succeeding articles about equal in length, about twice as long as wide. Distal article in female longer than the others; in the male it is about equal to them. The articles are longitudinally, finely carimate. Thorax ob- ovate, elevated anteriorly, impunctured. Abdomen spindle shaped, depressed, pointed in the female, blunt in the male. Legs long and slender; femora spindle-shaped, about three-fourths the length of the tibiz. Tibizw slender at base, gradually enlarging to their ex- tremities. First article of tarsi long and uniform in diameter; about as long as the three succeeding together. Second article a little larger than the following ones and slightly swollen. Three distal articles subequal. Length, 2 mm. During the summer and autumn these little flies may be seen running rapidly about on the corn which is infested with lice, and if watched will be seen now and then to approach a plant louse, tap it gently with the antenne, and if the louse seems to be satis- factory, the abdomen of the parasite is suddenly bent downwards and then forwards between the legs, the victim is stabbed by the short, sharp pointed ovipositor and an egg is inserted at the same time in its body. The parasitized louse continues to feed after the ege has been deposited as if nothing had occurred to discommode it, and if young may continue to grow until the natural size is reached. All this time the great grub hatched from the egg is feeding upon its tissues and growing rapidly so that by the time it gets its growth the body of its host is swollen out greatly beyond the usual proportions. The grub seems to avoid the vital organs of its host until the last so that the louse does not entirely succumb until the grub is ready to become a pupa, at which time it seems to devour all the remaining tissues or crowd them aside to make room for itself. The body of the louse has by this time become brown and dry, and though outwardly looking like a very plump plant louse is really only a skin enclosing a parasite. By some means, not ascertained, the swollen body becomes glued to the leaves 32 and there remains until the parasite emerges. The grub of the Adialytus is yellowish white, thick-bodied and short. It les bent upon itself and when removed is perfectly helpless. The pupz lies in the same position, is also white, with the large eyes showing conspicuously at the sides of the head. The adult emerges within the dried skin of the louse it has inhabited and at once gnaws a round piece out of the back of the latter, generally near the pos- terior end of the body, and pushing this piece out emerges through the opening made. Often these pieces which are gnawed out adhere at one side, so that after the parasite has emerged they fall back in place and the empty skin looks much as before. The parasites emerge in great numbers in the fall of the year at the time the winged females become most abundant, and I believe many of them hibernate as adults. An examination of a great number of swollen plant lice in midwinter, however, reveals a few with living grubs. Lice that are infested with this parasite seem never to produce young, their whole existence being given up to bringing the unwel- come guests to maturity. ‘The wingless females seem to suffer most from its attacks, by far the greater “number of swollen bodies repre- senting this form, but a good many pupe and winged females also become infested. The greater immunity of the winged louse is prob- ably due to its greater activity; when disturbed, in warm weather, it takes wing readily. Syrphus Fly Larve.—Next to the small hymenopterous insect just described, the larve of small dipterous insects known everywhere as syrphus flies are most destructive of the lice. These larve are con- siderably larger than their prey, and spend their time creeping about among the herds of lice on the corn ears and tassels. They seize the plant lice in their mouths, and in a few minutes have sucked out all their juices. Great numbers of lice are destroyed by a singie larva in the course of a day, as they are very active and voracious. They occur throughout the summer months, and are sometimes found as late as November. Their empty pupa skins are sometimes found with a round hole in the posterior part, from which some parasite, has emerged. The Syrphus fly larva is elongate cylindrical, transversely wrinkled with a blunt posterior end, tapering more nearly to a point anter- iorly. The head is not much different from the other body seg- ments. On each side of the mouth is a black, hard, toothed jaw, which serves to hold the lice. ‘There are no eyes. The color is pale green when the alimentary canal is filled with the juices of plant lice; at other times it is yellowish brown. Its length is about three- tenths of an inch, The adult is a handsome two-winged fly, with large reddish brown eyes, transparent iridescent wings, shining, greenish black thorax, and with the abdomen alternately striped transversely with black and yellow. The head is chiefly yellow, with a frontal tuft of short, dark pubescence. and a wide black band extending down the front to near the base of the antenne, with silvery pubescence behind the eyes. The three basal articles of the antenne are orange yellow; the bristle is black. A wide yellow stripe extends from the anterior margin of the thorax on each side to the bases of the wings, where 33 they terminate abruptly. Legs pale yellow. Interior surface of abdomen also pale yellow. Larve of this fly kept in confinement, pupated during the first part of August, and the flies emerged between the fifteenth and twenty-fifth of September. During this period the larve were ob- served among the lice in the fields, a fact which indicates several broods during the summer. The only flies obtained were accident- ally destroyed, and their species can not therefore be definitely de- termined. The larve creep like leeches, and when they have seized a plant louse, raise the anterior part of their bodies so as to pre- vent the struggles of the prey freeing it from their grasp. A Euro- pean species is said to devour as many as one hundred plant lice i an hour. I have watched our species on several occasions, and even when hungry they did not finish one louse in less than five minutes, and three or four lice at one time seemed to satisfy them. Generally but one or two larve occur in a colony of lice. THe SmatiteR Two-Sporrep Lapy Bue (Hyperaspis signata, Oliv.)— This lady bug has a reputation as a destroyer of the destructive bark louse of the maple trees. It occasionally occurs also among the herds of corn plant lice in the corn fields. Tae Puain Lapy Bua (Cycloneda sanguinea, Linn.)—The adult of this lady bug is also found among colonies of lice. It is less com- mon as a rule than the following species, but in some fields in the south part of the State which we visited, it was the more abundant of the two. THe Speorrep Lapy Bue (Megilla maculata, DeG.)—This lady bug is common in all its stages upon corn and destroys great numbers of lice. In the autumn and winter great numbers of the adults, some- times thousands in a heap, may be found under boards at the edges of the corn fields. Two other lady bugs, Hippodamia glacialis and Coccinella 9-notata have been observed in the fields but neither occur in sufficient numbers to be of any great service. THe Lace-wincep Fry (Chrysopa sp.)—The larve of one or more species of these flies are frequently seen devouring the aphides, and occasionally are locally abundant in the fields. ARTIFICIAL REMEDIES. Of artificial remedies but little can be said. The corn fields are so large that an application of any of the insecticides which can be used successfully for smaller crops would be impracticable. The parasites and predaceous insects may be depended upon to prevent any general increase in the numbers, and where local outbreaks occur, more than one season’s serious damage can probably be avoided by burning off old fields in the fall as soon as the corn is husked, and to some extent also by planting on ground which has not been in corn. For garden corn the use of a solution of kerosene emulsion thrown upon the corn from a garden engine carried on a cart would be sufficient to destroy the lice. oO d4 ARTICLE II.—NOTES ON INSECTS INJURLOUS TO WHEAT. 1. THe Larcer WuHeat Straw Worm. (Isosoma grande, Riley.) Order HymenopTErA. Family CHALcIDIDm. In May of this year, Mr. Garman collected from wheat fields in Clark county, in Eastern Illinois, and sent to the Laboratory (where they were received May 21,) straws containing a larva similar to that of Isosoma tritici, but larger, and evidently differing from that in life history. These were imbedded in the center of the stalk, just above the lowest joint, where they caused a bulbous enlarge- ment of the stem, the plants containing the imsects being dwarfed or killed in every case noticed. The fact that the inner surface of the stem containing the larve had been eaten and torn was plainly perceptible. On the 6th of June, the living, winged adults emerged from these examples, and all the remaining straws contained at this time pup in the pupal envelope. The straws had been kept too dry, however, and the insects had died within them. On the 24th of May, adults of this species were found not uncommon in wheat fields at West Union, and on the 27th at Mount Carmel, in Wabash county, where a few stalks of wheat which had been evidently inhabited by the worm were likewise noticed. At Carmi, in the same county, on the 30th, stalks which had been injured by them were again observed, although none contained the larve; but several imagos were taken within “them, as also at Hldorado on the day following. At Villa Ridge, on the 3d of June, many dwarfed stalks of wheat were found in the fields from which this species had apparently emerged, but no specimens were taken here by sweeping. No further observations were made upon this species throughout the year, but I learned from Mr. F. M. Webster, an assistant to the Entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, that he found it after- wards in wheat fields in Indiana, near the Illinois line. (From the last Report of the United States Entomologist (1884),* *Page 385. 315) received since the above was written, I learn that Mr. Webster found this larva at Normal on the 29th of May. Some of the specimens obtained by Mr. Webster, were described by Mr. Riley under the name of Jsosoma grandis in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society for December 1884, pages 111 ae 112, with the remark that they were reared from wheat stems in June. DESCRIPTION. The following description is in part compiled from that of Mr. Riley and in part drawn from specimens bred and collected by us. Length of body from 4.2 to 4.8 mm.; expanse 7.6 mm.; antennz slender, little clavate, but about half the length of the thorax, the latter smooth except the mesonotum, which is decidedly rugulose. Wings large, yellowish in color, less hyaline than those of Jsosoma tritici, the veins reaching the outer third, the sub-marginal four times as long as the marginal. All the specimens observed were winged females. Abdomen equal to or longer than the thorax, some- what stouter than in Jsosoma tritici, ovate-acuminate in form. The head is tawny, with a narrow black shade down the middle, and another beneath the eye, the posterior surface black. The scape of the antenne and first joint of flagellum yellow, the remainder black. The pronotum is large, and a brighter yellow than that of tritici. There are two tawny spots upon the back, and the propectus is yel- low in front. There is also a large tawny spot upon the pleura, above the middle coxe. The abdomen is shining black throughout, (except the tips of the anal appendages, which are yellow), and is very sparsely covered with pale hair averaging about one-half the length of the segments to which they are attached. The tarsi are yellow, as are also the anterior tibiew in front and within, the other tibis being tawny and more or less shaded with dusky. The anterior cox are yellow in front, the posterior yellow externally. The femora have each a definitely limited suboval yellowish spot below, near the tip, extending two-fifths the length of the femur on the front pair, smaller on middle pair, and shorter and less definite on the posterior. | From Isosoma tritici, to which this species is most nearly allied, it may be distinguished by its larger size and especially by the far ereater amount of tawny and yellow colors. The larva is about 6 mm. in length, of a greenish yellow color, distinguished from that of tritict only by its larger size. The pupa, from 4.5 to 5 mm. long, varies in color from white in its earlier stages, to the colors of the adult when prepared to emerge. It is distinguished from that of tritici by its larger size and in all our specimens by the presence of wing pads folded around the posterior legs. LIFE HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION. Although this species has been observed over so short a period, the facts specified are such as strongly to indicate that it is single- 36 brooded; that the eggs are laid by the adult upon the young wheat in autumn; that the larve hatch and hibernate within the stem, pupating in May and emerging late in that month and early in June. They leave the stem, in fact, at about the time the young Isosoma tritici commences its attack upon the wheat, and consequently these two species, although specifically clearly distinguished, nevertheless alternate like two broods of the same form. Concerning the distribution of this species, it can, at present, only be said that it occurs in Western and Southern Illinois and in parts of Indiana adjacent. As this insect inhabits the wheat only during the period of the growth of the plant, escaping before the grain is harvested, and passing the interval as a free imago, it is difficult to see how its injuries may be prevented, unless, indeed, late sow- ing, as practiced for the Hessian fly, may be found to affect this straw-worm also. 2. Tar Lesser WuHeEat-Straw Worm. (Isosoma tritici, Riley.) Order Hymenoprera. Family CHancipipm. (Plate I, Fig. 5.) Observations made during the present season add one or two points of interest to the life history of this destructive species. The period when it begins its injuries has heretofore been a matter of inference, but it was this summer found by Mr. Garman at work in the wheat as early as June 5, many of the larve being at this time only a millimetre in length, and evidently but recently hatched. The exact character of the injury prcduced by these young larve is well illustrated by the accompanying figure, exhibiting the cavity from which a very small straw worm was removed. The parasitism of Hupelmus allynit upon this species and Isosoma hordei has been placed beyond question by recent observations of Prof. French, reported in the Canadian Entomologist for July, 1884, pages 123 and 124. As evidence on this point, he says: “A single joint of rye containing several galls formed by Isosoma hordei was put into a bottle and corked up, so that no insects could get out or in. In due course of time a specimen of EF. allynii was found in the bottle, and the hole from which it had gnawed its way out of one of the galls was plainly to be seen. Afterward the other galls gave forth J. hordei. In this case there could be no question but that the specimen of EH. allynii came from the gall made by I. hordei. If no hordet had hatched from the other galls, this would have been evident, for the galis*made by this species are too char- acteristic to be mistaken by any one at all familiar with their work. I have bred quite a number of this species from the inside of the stems of wheat; and in all cases they came from the cavities in- side the stalk that had been gnawed by Isosoma tritici. Though this species of Isosoma makes no gall, its manner of eating the BT tissue around the inside cavity is rather characteristic, so much as to be readily recognized after a little observation. I have found a species of grass worked in by another species of an allied insect, but the manner of work is so different as to be unmistakable. Isosoma elymi makes a cavity on the inside of Hlymus canadensis that is more nearly like that made by J. tritici in the wheat, but they differ somewhat. In the fields I have found specimens of EH. allynii emerged from the pupa skin, but still inside the cavity of the stem; others with the hole by which they expected to emerge gnawed so that they could almost get out, and they still there with the body protruding, and others when they had gone, the clean-cut hole indicating where they had obtained their freedom. I have bred many specimens from the straws after they had been collected, and the conditions were the same as those in the field, the inside of the stems in all cases being examined before putting them into the breeding jar. From these facts I do not see how I could avoid the conclusion that Hupelmus allynit was a parasite on the two species of Isosoma.”’ As no description of this important parasite has yet appeared in the reports of this office, the original specific description of Prof. French, published in the Canadian Entomologist for January, 1883, is here appended, accompanied by an original figure. Hupelmus allyni, French. Order Hymenoprera. Family Cyatcipipm. (Plate I. Fig. 6.) ~ DESCRIPTION. Female.—Average length, .10 of an inch. Color of body and an- tenne uniform black, the first with a slight greenish luster. Head about .025 of an inch wide, about two thirds as long; the antenne a little enlarged at the ends, hairy; microscopic hairs moderately scattered over the head and thorax. Thorax, as well as head, punctured; wings hyaline, dotted over with microscopic hairs, the thorax in its widest part about the width of the head. Abdomen gradually tapering from near the base, the ovipositor slightly ex- serted. The color of the legs vary slightly; in five specimens the anterior - and posterior legs have the femur fuscous except at the ends; the tibiz with basal half fuscous, the rest yellow; the middle pair of legs are yellow throughout, except the terminal tarsi. Two speci- mens have all the femurs fuscous, yellow at the ends. One speci- men has all the femurs pale red, and the tibize fuscous, but this is probably a change from yellow by the poison bottle used in killing. One is marked like the first five, with the yellow replaced by pale red; another is like the first five,*except that the middle tibie are a little clouded at base. Male.—In this sex the body, wings and antenne are colored like the females, but the antenne are a little more slender at their ends. The head and thorax have about the same measurements, but the 38 abdomen is a little shorter, the whole insect being from .06 to .07 of an inch. The legs have all the femurs yellow, front tibize yellow, middle and hind tibie fuscous, except at the apices, which are yellow; feet as in the females. 83. CoNnTRIBUTIONS TO A KNOWLEDGE OF THE Lire HIsToRY AND THE PaRASITES OF THE Hessian Fy. (Cecidomyia destructor, Say.) Order Diptera. Family Crecrpomyipa. (Plates IT and III.) Notwithstanding the enormous losses inflicted upon agriculture in Illinois by this most destructive enemy of one of our important staple crops, the details of its life history, upon which strictly depend the value of measures for the prevention or control of the injuries, have not been fully or accurately made out for any part of the Mississippi Valley, the statements current on this subject appearing in agricultural papers and in the writings of our local ae being mostly derived from the statements of Herrick, Fitch, Harris, and other observers, who have studied the species in the North Eastern States. It is, beyond question, chiefly to its parasitic enemies that we owe such immunity from the Hessian fly as we now enjoy, these clearly constituting the principal natural check upon its continued existence in destructive abundance; but our ignorance of its para- sites is even greater than that of its lfe history, for almost noth- ing definite has been learned concerning them since the observa- tions of Herrick, of Connecticut, made in 18382; Certainly, therefore, time and labor spent in acquiring more definite knowledge of the details of the life history of the Hessian fly, and the number, kinds, seasons and habits of the parasites will be well employed, even if it should serve only to shake the confidence of our agricul- tural community in such remedial measures as may have been heretofore recommended. As soon after entering upon the duties of State Entomologist as time and opportunity offered, I began observations upon this insect with the view and hope of constructing a complete account of its life history in the southern half of [linois,—the only region lately affected by it, since winter wheat culture, although now rising to importance in the northern part of the State, has been too lately revived there to expose the fields to danger from the Hessian fly. The results here presented fall something short of a complete account of the life history of this insect throughout the year, but they nevertheless throw unexpected light upon the matter, and are deemed worthy of report as a statement of the present condition of the investigation. 39 Our observations were directed almost wholly to the midsummer history of the insect, the facts respecting its autumnal injuries and its hibernation being sufficiently well settled. As a fair example of the current view of the summer history, we may take the following account from Packard’s “Guide to the Study of Insects”: “The flies appear just as the wheat is coming up; they lay their eggs for a period of three weeks, and then entirely disappear. The maggots hatched from these eggs take the flaxseed form in June and July, and are thus found in the harvest time, most of them remaining on the stubble. Most of the flies appear in the autumn, but others remain in the puparium until the following spring. By burning the stubble in the fall, their attacks may best be prevented.” It will be seen, however, from the observations here reported, that the above history is inaccurate for Southern Illinois, and that the remedy mentioned by the author is, as a consequence, to a great extent inapplicable.* In following the life history of the fly through the season by means of breeding experiments and field observations and collections, the principal embarrassment has arisen from the immense prevalence of parasitism in the summer brood, so that breeding cages contain- ing hordes of the larve and flaxseeds would yield scarcely a single fly, and fields in which they had destroyed the crop would send forth so few of the adult insects that the most diligent sweeping at the season of their emergence would not obtain a single specimen. LIFE H:iSTORY. 1883. Our observations for 1883 began at Centralia, April 10, at the time when the Hessian fly was abundant in the pupa state, and was also rapidly emerging in the winged form. From a large num- ber of wheat plants containing the flaxseeds sent to Normal at this time, flies continued to emerge until the 20th of the month, after which no more appeared. These imagos laid their eggs in the breeding cages almost from the first. On the 5th of May young larve of the spring brood were collected at DuQuoin, some of them scarcely more than hatched, and others full grown. These were placed in a closed fruit jar in a room ad- joining the office at Normal, and kept under cover at the ordinary temperature of the out-door air; and to my surprise, on the 28th of May, two imagos appeared in the jar. Upon June 4, four more pureed, three males and one female, and others at intervals until une 15. On the 17th of May, examples of both free larve and flaxseeds were received from Odin, in Marion county. On the 24th, we col- lected larve only, from wheat fields in Decatur, in Macon county, _ *Itis but fair to state that in his later papers Dr. Packard revokes the recommenda- tion quoted above, for the burning of stubble in fall, and describes it on the contrary as a measure likely to be productive of the greatest harm; but not on the ground that the flaxseeds, which it is intended to destroy, have most of them given exit to the fly, but rather on ground which seems to me wholly untenable, viz: thatthe harm done by the destruction of the parasites must far overbalance the benefit done by burning the flaxseeds in the field. 40 and on the 8d of June, flaxseeds were sent me from Macoupin county. June 12th, flaxseeds occurred in rye near Granville, Put- nam county, and on the 26th they were found upon the bases of fallen stalks of wheat in fields near Warsaw, in Hancock county. On the 29th and 380th flaxseeds still unhatched, containing living larve, occurred in fields at Godfrey, in Madison county, and near Jerseyville; and on-the 4th of July they were found in the ripened fields of wheat and in stubble at DuQuoin, in Perry county. Careful sweeping of the infested fields at Warsaw, Jerseyville and DuQuoin. yielded no adults. At Effingham, on the 7th, great num- bers of the flaxseeds, some of which were demonstrated to contain living larve, were found on the stubble, and also upon the stand- ine grain where harvesting was in progress. In badly infested fields they collected upon the platforms of the harvesters in surprising numbers. At Anna, in Union county, on the 9th, the flaxseeds were also noticed in the stubble, and at Villa Ridge, still further southward, specimens were obtained at the same date, which after- ward yielded the adult insect in our breeding cages. On the 20th July I made an examination of flaxseeds collected at DuQuoin on the 4th of that month, and found the larve in them still living, and not yet pupated. Some of these living larve were dissected, and it is certain that they had not been parasitized. On the second of August, at Anna, careful and long continued sweeping of the fields failed to procure any of the imagos. On the 5th August flaxseeds were again obtained frora fields in DuQuoin, and on the 7th of that month others were sent me from the same locality which contained living larve, although many of them were empty shells, from which parasites had already escaped. On the 6th September I received from an assistant in the field about fifty flaxseeds collected at Centralia, which I carefully exam- ined. All but six of these were empty shells, and only one con- tained a demonstrably living and active larva. ‘Three at least of the other five were dead, while the other two were soft and possi- bly living, but if so, dormant. In sweepings sent from wheat stubble near DuQuoin, which had been previously infested by the fly, the adult insect was at this time found very sparingly indeed. Our next observations in this year were made Dec. 9, at Anna, where larve and flaxseeds were abund- ant, and on the 27th of that month their occurrence at Albion, in ~ White county, was noted by a correspondent of the office. 1884. Commencing April 9 of the present year the occurrence of flaxseeds was reported from Marshall county by a correspondent of the office, and on the 19th of May young larve, some of which were but a few hours hatched, were found by Mr. John Marten, a former assistant of my predecessor, Dr. Thomas. On the 21st of this month, larve were collected at Marshall by an assistant, which, kept in breeding cages at the ordinary temperature of the air, yrelded adult flies on the 20th of June. On the 25th of May both larve and flax- seeds were obtained at Robinson, Crawford county, and on the 27th at Mount Carmel. Flaxseeds were found at Carmi and Eldorado 41 a few days later, and both free larve and flaxseeds were received from a correspondent at Robinson on the 2d of June. On the following day flaxseeds were received from West Union in Clark county, which, placed in open fruit jars and moistened regularly, being otherwise exposed to conditions as exactly similar to those prevailing in the fields as I was able to supply in the Labo- ratory, yelded adults from the 22d to the 2Sih June, while flaxseeds obtained at the same date from Villa Ridge, in extreme Southern Illinois, gave the wmago from the 17th to the 20th of that month. Flaxseeds obtained on the 4th at Anna, in Union county, yielded the adult on the 22d. Flaxseeds occurred again on the 6th and 7th at DuQuoin, and stalks received from Robinson on the 14th contained a number of them and a single partly grown, naked larva. Flaxseeds were collected at Robinson on the 17th, at Anna on the following day, at Robinson on the 20th, and at Anna on the 24th. - Specimens of flaxseeds received from Robinson on this date yielded the adult fly in our breeding cages four days later. In Mar- shall on the 25th, and at Robinson on the 27th and 30th, flaxseeds were collected. One of those from the place last mentioned was found, when opened, to contain a living larva; but others were evi- dently dried up, and several had already yielded parasites when collected. Those obtained from Marshall on the 25th were found in the same condition, several containing living larvée and others being dried up or parasitized. On the 28th imagos were noted pairing in the breeding cages, nav- ing just emerged from the flaxseeds obtained June 3 at West Union. At Anna, on the 1st July, a most thorough and long continued search in previously infested fields was made for the adult fly, the stubble and still standing grain being carefully swept by us and the shocks of grain being examined at great length. Situations adjacent to the wheat fields hkely to yield the fly were also carefully gone over; but while numbers of other species of Cecidomyide were collected, not a single adult Hessian fly resulted from this search. Flax seeds still contmued to come in from Kastern [linois,—some empty shells and others containing healthy larve being received on the 1st and 5th July from Marshall, on the 7th from Villa Ridge, and on the 12th from Anna. On the 5th of this month a most extended and careful search was made again in wheat fields near Anna by Mr. C. W. Butler, with the same negative results as those of July 1, and my faithful cor- respondents, KH. C. Madison, of Marshall. and Thomas S. Moore, of Robinson, both reported that they were unable to find the imago. Unopened flaxseeds still occurred at Anna on the 12th, and on the 14th of that month my assistant, Mr. W. H. Garman, carefully, and for several hours, searched the straws and stubble with the view of testing the possibility of the occurrence of a second brood of flaxseeds in the upper part of the straw,—the descendants of the flies emerging in May and June. None occurred in the upper joints, however, although they were still abundant at the bases of the straws. 42 On the 20th October of this year, the work of this fly was again evident at Robinson, larve occurring in three fields out of ten ex- amined by my friend Mr. Moore. As confirming the evidence from our breeding cages of the early hatching of a considerable percentage of the flaxseeds of the spring brood, I quote from a private letter from Mr. John Marten.* He says, "«T have found but few of the spring brood of larve, as I wrote you in my last, and no flaxseeds; but on June 8, I found an adult female sticking in the oil on my lamp in my room. During the subsequent week I found four others on lamps. I was not well enough at the time to go to the fields, or I might possibly be able to report something more interesting now.” I append a tabular exhibit of the observations reported above in order to bring the details more clearly under the eye. * Mr. Marten was foralong time assistant of Dr. Cyrus Thomas, my predecessor in the office of State Entomologist, and is in every way an intelligent and competent ob- server, thoroughly acquainted with the Hessian fly,in whose midst he has lived for years. CALENDAR. 1883. 5 A Date. Larve. Flaxseeds. Imagos. Remarks. ifort ABA eeo opcccsace aca ouod CeIn Soe o5on Centraliat esses: Breeding Cage....... PAI wink 14.. .|Centralia.......... Centralia......... Breeding Cage....... 3 May Se | Aegis i7 \Odinweeeeecees a: Beene 24. 3 ; @) 8% DRIES ec. ene Re Maen Ral srein' ey DuQuoinvaeccceeee Bred from No.3 ...... 7 June 3 Maecoupin Co. ... Sie 12. Granville 2-2. 7 ON es nc bea) Ue (PR en eet eS | Le eee DuQwoineseeeseee Bred from No.3 ...... Olea DOES ie a semen eee eer IMG Chamero ices os Oy) 99 DOIN Seta Seon ree podttey, 5a lee Sie eee AR eA Seria cia rseyville ....... 13| July rN sige negi oe Lot ANN ae {DuQuoin 14, ManllWesecece cate ease Effingham 15) ees Oe. (accms souecseuenemcr Villa Ridge | : 16 #0 20 Ea Mocca eee netent ere DuQuoin | ivinglanvcos =encese 17 Aug EAH SSE GR oR mere racerin ‘DuQuoin 18 fee pee oe A et 5 a DuQuoin ivingilarvcee-ceseseer i Sept. (Ee es aes See ee Centralia Living larv@...5-2222: PAV OE Gicilieger diwreesedeneecween eeamreratielsictte oe (elejcmracre 21 Dee ——sulltaoe SES omen eee Kansas 22s 9; WANME S.J cocsiccseee Anna Dh ae 77 een eas aha Sati Albion | | 1884. 24|Apr. OES oper Marshallics..2. Jas) ceceeee eee eos 25 May 19: WAIDIOMN soos see eealeee aoewena a cinwessccu|osoce reer cet eemees Just hatched ......... 26 |e ORG oes teens slocrenee eee Marshallese tee Ry oe 25../Robinson......... RobINSONE j.c.ssee Sigs s 26../Robinson......... Robpinsonzeesssee. | i emeed 27..|Mt. Carmel. .|Mt. paomel a ae Ole BAlse Waaniguasreonccidaoo ca Carmi.. eee Sli OL covebec cn ceoe coerce Bldorado......--- 32\ June 2..| Robinson. o222.5-. Robinson e552. 33 Meek Baallsmomen css exe atone West Union ...... yan BAe ee eee Wallahidieseeecce Soll. 2 BSS SeiccasonGoanuacs AMIN ecsece sceeee oe 43 Calendar—Continued. Zi Date. Larva. Flaxseeds. Imago. Remarks. oi 1 | | 36| June Gua LE Sactcnec nomena e eee DWT@Q WOM ee an seees | yi oe H (etes [leet at a Du@iwowmy se. 222 a ears 14../Robinson...../.. |Robinson......... | YOUN Hae eee sed one 30 |i ee ene eee eeeees | MODINSONcn eet '| AO ee lpn asocoosbdascoece be Villa Ridge....... Bred from No. 34..... Aili 18.. AT es ane: oe ee 42) ‘* QU sal eee eee ee een ee S. ene eee ene see Villa Ridge. ...... Bred from No. 34..... a8 ie OL 20... ROpINSOn es eee: 44, <* PAU ie a hae Rc A eee ae Oat ne a Marshallese: .2.csn. Bred from No. 26..... Cae 28s Javea he ee eM foe TAIT chs eee Soe Bred from No, 35 ..... 46) ‘* 22. secre iseeenee See eoee West Unionseess: Bred from No. 33 ..... 47| *s 24... Robinson: -22...2: \Robinson...-...-. 48] ‘s 24... Ta aE: ee eae ee | AG oe 25. Marshall... ac||GeeenceeeeodagcAccee Contained liv’g larvee EA pat Wi hae ..|Robinson, eee a RE 2 OE | EA) 2 DS Fer ere a AE a 7 oy ean | ee ne Se Soll &Xo Ot AISKON OG eee oee Bred from No. 47...-. linea es rd ie ee a a Se oe - .--|West Union...... Bred from No.33. In- ? sects in copulo...... Seo O(a liaeieso saa clsc sien Cutoce MObINSONessesses Se et es eet Living larve.......... 54| Jtily Thea GOB SeE CES R OP ASdaaaS Marsinalles. 2.222: 55] ‘* One| Sacioniamsice csemteistieee Miampicieullleren sce 56] <* al Sere tet eesetctee Wall ART esses |nacseaccet cae cece. Living larvee Paaascnece Dales Te Rs eee oes eee es PACT TV aes ers oak 58/Oct, 20Et Robinsonesss see if Although on a subject as difficult and important as that of the midsummer history of the Hessian fly it is probably best to await additional data before attempting to establish a final conclusion, it must be admitted that the facts above stated strongly suggest the hypothesis of a normal completion, before harvest, of the transfor- mations of a considerable part of the destructive spring brood of the larve. It is with a sense of disappointment that I make this statement, as this condition of things greatly diminishes the value of mid- summer measures for the protection of our wheat fields, if it does not indeed render them almost wholly useless. While undoubtedly the burning of the stubble in the summer and other measures of the sort must destroy a considerable number of larve and pupe, it seems possible that enough adult flies will have escaped before har- vest to continue the species in searcely diminished numbers. It may be objected that the earliest imagos that escape from the spring brood of larve may immediately lay eggs, and thus give origin to an intercalated brood of larve which form flaxseeds before harvest,—perhaps in immature and stunted plants; but it was to this point above all others that our attention was especially given this year; plants of all ages, from infested fields, being examined by hundreds at a time, with almost microscopic thoroughness and care with the express purpose (and I may add the lively hope) of discovering such young larve. The results of all this labor were, however, absolutely negative. Not a single larva was found which it seemed at all possible to suppose could have descended from flies of later origin than those escaping from the flaxseeds which had spent the winter in the fields. 44 PARASITES. Surprisingly little of a definite and accurate character has been published on the parasites of this interesting and important insect, and nearly all the facts now current have been derived from almost the first competent observer of the flyin America. The only species carefully described is Semiotellus destructor, first noticed by Say, and studied, as to its habits and life history, with some care by him, and especially by Prof. Herrick, of Yale College in 1838. One other parasite, Platygaster error, nas been described by Fitch, but its life history has been only imperfectly worked out and inaccurately stated. A few other forms have been mentioned, without names or full descriptions, by Herrick, Fitch and Cook. The data herein presented are in themselves very incomplete, but are as full and definite as I have been able to make them, with two years study, in respect to the life histories of the parasitic species found to affect the Hessian fly in [llinois in any important way. The common Semiotellus destructor is here redescribed in detail and descriptions are given of three new species bred from infested wheat, and mention is made of two others not fully studied,—and for a these species I have given full abstract of our breeding cage records. It is proper to say that, as my studies were made with principal reference to the life history of the Hessian fly itself, [ was especially solicitous to depart as little as might be from the natural condi- tions of the species, and hence did not. remove the flaxseeds from the straws, as would have been desirable for the breeding of the parasites only. From this it results that some of the parasitic species may have infested other wheat insects than the Hessian fly. Indeed, as Hupelmus allyni appeared quite frequently in these breed- ing cages, and as this species has been supposed to be parasitic on the wheat straw worm only, it is not impossible that some of our straws were inhabited by this last species also, and that some of the new parasites herein mentioned belong to Isosoma.* Semiotellus destructor, Say. Order Hymenoprera. Family CHancipipm. This is far the commonest of the parasites of the Hessian fly in Illinois, 85 per cent. of those appearing in our breeding cages (ex- cluding EKupelmus) belonging to this species, It has been repeatedly described by Say, Fitch and Packard, but so imperfectly or inac- curately that I have not found it easy to identify the species posi- tively.’ Not doubting, however, that our most abundant form belongs here, I give a fresh description of both sexes, carefully drawn from alcoholic specimens. 4 *Prof. Riley writes me that he has repeatedly bred Eupelmus allyni from the Hessian y. . 45 DESCRIPTION. Male.—A minute black bronzed insect, 1.9 mm. long, with the abdomen blotched with white at base. Head bronzed greenish black, thickly coarsely punctured on all the exposed surfaces, convex before without frontal grooves, concave behind, .64 mm. wide by .68 mm. in vertical depth; eyes and ocelli dull red, the former oval in outline, the posterior margin more convex than the anterior, broadest above the middle, .<7 mm. in vertical diameter, .15 mm. in antero-posterior: ocelli in a triangle on the vertex, lateral ones a little nearer to the eye than to each other. Antenne inserted below the middle of the front, 1.4 mm. long, 13-jointed, counting the minute third and fourth joints and not including a minutely rudimentary apical one; four basal joints yellow, remainder black, joints from the fifth to the tip densely clothed with erect black hairs, each segment with a ring of a few long appressed yellow hairs ; the scape or first joint is about .38 mm. in length, second joint one-third that length, third and fourth minute, measuring together about .03 mm., visible only under a high power, the fifth measuring .11 mm. in leneth. The joints from the fifth to the tenth are shghtly compressed, and gradually decrease in length; the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth joints are more closely united, forming a cylindrical club with a pointed tip, the thirteenth joint being conical. The first joint of the club is about equal to the joint preceding. The minute apical process is about .06 mm. in length. The thorax is .9 mm. in length, about half as wide in front as long, widest between bases of front wings, where it measures .€3 mm. Color bronzed greenish black on all surfaces, densely coarsely punctured everywhere, like the head, and provided, as is the head, with scattered minute yellowish hairs. Thoracic ‘sutures are deeply impressed. Prothorax with hind margin deeply concave, and sides with deep obliquely vertical grooves. Mesothorax with straight transverse sutures in front of the scutellum; parapsidal grooves extending half way to this transverse suture. Sides of mesothorax widely excavated obliquely forward and upward from the coxe. Scutellum somewhat vaulted, narrowed forwards, post- _ seutellum narrow. Mesonotum declivous, convex from side to side, dorsal outline nearly straight. Wings coarsely hairy throughout; front wings 1.4 mm. long, .64 mm. wide at widest part, hind wings .1 mm. in length; stigmal branch of fore wing nearly as long as costal vein, expanded at tip; postcostal vein vanishing insensibly towards tip of wing. Very slight traces of median and submedian veins may be made out by close examination. Legs slender, posterior pair longest, ends of tibie nearly attain- ing the tip of the abdomen; spurs of middle tibie stout, curved at tip, nearly as long as first joint of tarsi. ‘Tarsi all similar, spinous beneath, first joint longest, others shortening to the fourth, the fifth about as long as the second. Tibiew all white, tarsi white except 46 the last joint, which is dusky. All the femora more or less dusky, pale at each extremity; trochanters pale, the coxe bronzed like the thorax. Abdomen shining, impunctured, about 1.2 mm. long by .45 mm. wide, oval in outline, narrowing toward either extremity; seven dis- tinctly visible seements, the first about as long as the two following, second short, seventh conical. General color of the abdomen piceous or bronzed black, first segment bronzed green at the extreme base with a quadrate yellow patch above, which sometimes extends on to the second. A similar but paler patch beneath, covers the first three or four ventral segments. All the segments are sparsely hairy upon the posterior half. Female.—The female is extremely similar to the male, but may be distinguished at once by the abdomen and the antennex, the former being more broadly ovate, more acutely pointed, and bearing a sting- like ovipositor beneath, usually indeed exserted at the tip. ‘The color © of the abdomen is darker, the pale area at the base being smaller, less definite and of a chestnut tint. The antenne are pale through- out, somewhat shorter than those of the male, with the joints less hairy and more distinct. The club is pointed ovate, shorter than that of the male, and not distinguishable into separate joints, so that the recognizable segments in the female antennz are eleven in number instead of thirteen, as in the male. The club is equal in length to the two joints preceding, the tip acuminate and slightly recurved. LIFE HISTORY. Our earliest* specimens of this species were obtained June 3 from Hessian fly larve, collected on that date at Villa Ridge, in extreme Southern Illinois. The earliest collection from which this parasite emerged was made on the 27th May at Mt. Carmel, the adult Semio- tellus appearing on the 22d of the following month. The latest ex- amples of this species to appear in our breeding cages emerged July 26, from flaxseeds collected on the 24th June at Anna, Illinois. Further details respecting the periods of this species will be found in the table at the end of this paper. It is worthy of note that although our breeding cages containing straw and stubble infested by the Hessian fly were all reserved for more than a year, no examples of this parasite occurred therein in spring, although by Herrick it is reported to emerge at that time. Pteromalus pallipes, n. s. (Plate IV. Fig. 1.) A short thick species with the head broader than the thorax, the abdomen ovate and obtuse. Head and thorax bronzed black, * Although it has been heretofore supposed that the winter brood of the larve of the Hessian fly was never parasitized, I find among our breeding cage notes an entry to the effect that six living chalcid parasites were taken on the lth May, 1883, from a cage in which multitudes of Hessian flies had been bred, the wheat containing them having been collected April 10, at Centralia, Ill.,—a date so early that only the winter brood of larvee could possibly have occurred in it. I greatly regret that, owing to a removal of my office, I can not get access at this writing to the specimens on which this statement was based. 47 thickly set everywhere with punctures of medium size. The occiput and the dorsum of the thorax with a few scattered appressed hairs. The front of the head is vertically grooved for the long first joints of the antenne. Eyes pale red, mouth parts brown. The antenne are about as long as the head and the thorax, thirteen-jointed, the first joint pale ‘yellow, second joint dusky, the remaining joints black. The first joint is about equal in length to the four. follow- ing, the third short, that and fourth together shorter than the second and about equal to the fifth, the joints widening from the first to the fifth, (except the third which is not wider than the second), the following joints to the eleventh of about equal diameter, thence tapering rapidly, the last three not being clearly distin- euished. The first joint is nearly smooth, the second somewhat hairy, all the others black-pubescent, each with a transverse ring of long appressed yellow bristles. The meso-seutellum is broadly rounded behind, the sides with an irregular excavation, the meta-scutellum with an elevated margin and an evident median cara. The sides of the metathorax are densely clothed with long black hairs. Wings transparent, veins dusky yellowish, the post-costal and stigmal of equal length, about two-thirds as long as the costal. Wing membrane sparsely pubescent, the veins with a row of stiff, erect black hairs. Patagia dusky yellowish. The legs are pale yellow throughout, except the coxz, which are of the body color. The abdomen is smooth and shining except the under sides of the three posterior segments which are pubescent. It is black above and piceous beneath, the edges of the segments being somewhat tinged with brown. Length, 2.5 mm.; head, .95 mm. wide; thorax, .7 mm. by 1.06 mm. long ; amare 1.25 mm.; wing, 1.9 mm. The specimens from which the above description was drawn, were all winged and were bred June 5, 1884, from flaxseeds and larve of the Hessian fly, obtained at DuQuoin, in Perry county, July 4 1883. The breeding cage from which these specimens emerged yielded no other parasites, but, when examined, were found to contain empty pupa cases punctured as if for the escape of parasitic in- sects, together with a few containing dried up larve. Pteromalus ? fulvipes, n. 8. (Plate lV. Fig. 2.) Under this head I describe, with some hesitancy, several speci- mens whose generic relations it is difficult to make out, owing to the fact that all the examples obtained were wingless. The essential resemblance to Pteromalus leads me, however, to place the species under that genus. The head and thorax a dark bronzed green, and the abdomen above, dark steel-blue. The head is not grooved in front for the first joint of the antenne, but is, like the thorax, thickly punctured 48 throughout, somewhat more coarsely so than in P. pallipes. The dorsal outline of the metascutellum is concave, the metathorax being nearly truncate posteriorly, owing to a tuberosity projecting from its upper posterior part. Metascutellum not margined or carinate. Antenne eleven (thirteen) jointed, joints distinct except the third and the last three. In the female the first joint is pale yel- low, the second dark fuscous, and the remaining joints black. All but the first thickly black pubescent, those beyond the second having each a circlet of long appressed hairs. In the male the antenne are pale yellow throughout, similar in appearance to those of the female, but with the last two joints closely united, forming a compact ovate club. In both séxes two minute sub- joints occur between tle second and third joints. Wings in all the specimens seen rudimentary, legs pale, the coxe, femora and upper half of the tibiz, tawny yellow, the remainder of the leg being pale yellow, except ‘the tip of the tarsus, which is dusky. bdewen smooth, blue black above, lightening into piceous beneath, pele acute, in the female ; smaller, obtuse, and more nearly oval in the male. Total length 2.12 mm.; head, .7 mm. wide; thorax, .45 mm. ; abdo- : men of female, .62 mm. by 1.05 mm.; antenne, .62 mm. This species appeared in our breeding cages of the Hessian fly during the months of June, July and August, in 1883 and 1884. Flaxseeds collected August 7, 1883, at DuQuoin, from stubble in the field, yielded the parasite August 17; parasites emerged June 21 from flaxseeds collected at Marshall on the 21st of May; those obtained at Robinson, in Clark county, May 25, emerged from the flaxseed June 20; and others obtained at Robinson, June 14, gave the parasites July 10. Tetrastichus carinatus, n. 8. A slender, smooth, dark steel-blue species, 2 mm. in length, with pale legs, four-jointed tarsi and eight-jointed antenne. The head is very short, not wider than the somewhat slender thorax, impunctured, as are also the thorax and abdomen. Hyes large, dark red, broadly elliptical, occupying the whole longitudinal diameter of the head and even encroaching upon its posterior sur- face. Front broadly bisuleate for the reception of the scapes of the antenne. Antenne short, eight-jointed, joints very distinct, except those: of the ovate club, (three in number), which are very closely compacted. Second joint shorter than the third, which is longer than fourth and fifth, these being subequal. I'irst and second joints of the club nearly equal, thicker than the preceding. Flagellum ‘of the antenne pale, provided with a few erect black hairs, and long appressed yellow ones. Prothorax is very short; the mesoscutum very long, narrowing ~ posteriorly, when it is broadly truncate against the scutellum, regu- larly convex, minutely carinate longitudinally on the middle line; parapsidal grooves complete. Scutellum vaulted, with two longitud- inal carme. Abdomen of female pointed ovate, broadest in front of the middle, somewhat flattened above. 49 Legs rather long, pale yellow; fore tarsi dusky, middle and hind tarsi dusky at tip; all the tarsi four-jointed, first joint of front and middle tarsi shorter or no longer than the second, that of hind tarsi longest of all. The entire surface is very sparsely provided with coarse yellowish hairs, longest and most numerous at the tip of the abdomen. Costal vein very stout, provided with unusually long hairs; stig- mal vein short; postcostal nearly obsolete; no trace of median or submedian. This species was bred with the preceding in our breeding cages from the collections made at Anna June 24. As a summary exhibit of the facts concerning the life histories of the species above described, I append a table showing in detail the dates of collection and emergence for each, including also, for con- venience sake, Hupelmus allyni, from the same breeding cages. CALENDAR. SEMIOTELLUS DESTRUCTOR. Cata- logue Place of Collection. Date OE One e Date of Emergence. 0. : DiS | EVODINISON tse c acccicceecccosee eee Misivar 26; 18846522) SUNG 22h 1884 seen aee a5 eel Mira anim lioscn cons cc cic sesemmemeeetes Sra DP d Rotel: Pane ipo Mnr-P-rel hate! Weer teten aie Ura RY OS HIMEAIWVIES HUNTON sl asesccecsce tence aeeeee UNS MSHI SS4s wea et QRETR SAN eee oe ee ee 14ers Vila EGO Oem ccs ead octets eee cee a Sosa a uly: | 3c 1884 see eee Re ae ADH OMe So WA ASRIDGO= st ooo. lececssceuseceneee eee SHIS84 545. SUNes 3: 1SB4aeeete an saen ae ase ae 2S Aura el eee ies sees | ot Se coarsely eee oy 4,1884....|June 13—July 18, 1884...... cae rd OR em PACIAIN areas cree tarcte ate: oie) a cicie)e\sisle eisysioimenetetetae see 6,1884....|June 22—July 10, 1884.........-.. 2269 Sse DMO WO lines ee scan ccdas ascednenecene ME LSB 4s, os | DUNS; 20: [BSdiee settee on ee eee ASS RoE ANN ce eae se seem oes cocsinomseecle pee ate pod Sedeeea uly 10-26 )1BRdee eee eee era ee DET | LO DING ONG oncsemcoatccoccee eee eeeeee Peat leSs sre SUMOH ATs SOdiaemee eu cecceneneceeee ASA OM VOMIT SO Meee een sect ee eee mma TOU DT Sea luan| Mulivy NORTSS4 i ee mieten s mece ase cream ASG Pee MaAT: Glial leecnyes Mee cei occls ce tees eee OIL Vem il OS4s eas OuUliy 1751 S84 ten Sete eee Sea eres PTEROMALUS PALLIPES. PAA Nees 8) DRO RT Va NTA ee ee a ee rsce el dilly CRIBS AA sinless Sepatse eee Gee cee PTEROMALUS FULVIPES. DLO wees Marsa Memes senile sensceere aa Vga OS4. es UNG) 21; 1S84 0222 cies elecieelle sans DOO ee RODINSONeae on ccs casos bencoeeaebore May 25- 6, 1S ede. | Runio: 201s Seda nae ce ee ASD eee LO DUN SON ee seen entisccisaccncan cece eee June 14, 1884... avs LO SSSI SS eee ee eee A5 663 aaa Mars hall teen see ce cose oeissicters DUNG mops Soden. | MU 2651 S84ecns en mar meseoneesemes Sit oaaat DOK Aon hay ESNet oe eee araeoanoene ANUIEE = “PGT ean Yb Foca Weal toto eae eae Saree V'ETRASTICHUS CARINATUS. ASD 8 eee PAC) Tenet saint tets an sicjedisfeciaienciman semis eee yune 24,1884. --|July; 10-26, 1884... 2-2 ck soe. 50 Calendar—Continued. EKUPELMUS ALLYNI. Cata- ; logue Place of Collection. Date CEC lets Date of Emergence. Oo. PAVE AINAMO EY ARSIOKEG) 8 dep ob ecooncesdodee chances June 3,1884....|June 13—July 1,1884............ DISS MELAMINE per Poe nt aia weirs ckisleicics ca Cemeoetes rs 4, neice Ho 13 —— © SO! I SERRA eee eee 934900 e= Amalie ty (epge lott: WOON IIR neers emestenn sd (I foto: Gaerne Ste 2269....|DuQuoin ‘a Weilest ae) lie S2UsTS84: 4358....|Anna . (oe 24 S84 aes 3 4566....|Marshall - Peon aBd 4349....;|Robinson .. * 30, 1884.... 4356....|Marshall.... sul is ee 7, 1884. 3806....;DuQuoin... Aug. 7, 1883. BP) Feaneed Weel tales eae Bene SE eSae sac As a general result ‘of these observations, we may say that, with the single exception of Pteromalus pallipes, ‘all the parasites bred by us from wheat containing the Hessian fly emerged before the August following the laying of the eggs from which they hatched, and that the former species survived the winter in the flaxseeds of the flies, not emerging until the succeeding summer. TXT. 4, Nove on THE WuHeat Minas. (Cecidomyia tritict, Kirby.) Order Diptera. Family Crecipomyipm. (Plate IV. Fig. 3.) This frightfully destructive enemy of wheat appeared during the ‘last summer in extreme Northern Illinois in numbers and under ceir- cumstances to demand the attention of the economic entomologist ; and although its life history and habits bave long been well known, its occurrence in the West in numbers sufficient to attract attention has been so rare, that very little is known of it by the farmers of our State. It consequently seems best to give here a brief report of the observations made this summer in the wheat fields of Mc- Henry county, together with a synopsis of its life history and such recommendations of remedial measures as are warranted by our present knowledge of the insect. My attention was first called to its prevalence in that region by a letter, dated July 25, from Mr. R. W. Lane, of Chicago, who transmitted heads of wheat from Genesee Depot, Wisconsin, which I found to be seriously infested by the midge. Thinking it possi- ble that the same insect was at work in adjacent parts of Illinois, I visited the fields of the Fox River valley from Elgin northward, on the 30th and 31st of that month. In every field but one which I entered in the vicinity of McHenry and Ringwood, where spring wheat only was raised, I found the midge larva upon the heads of wheat, usually in only here and there a blackened head. In some 51 fields, however, these damaged and shriveled heads were so numer- ous as to have apparently reduced the crop from ten to twenty-five per cent.; an injury which the farmers had noticed, but which none had been able to account for to their satisfaction, the presence of the midge having entirely escaped them. The heads upon which it occurred were those which had filled imperfectly--sometimes con- taining no plump: kernels, and sometimes fairly well filled except at the tip of the ear. From the account of its hfe history, given later, it will be seen that the midge was now near the end of its hfe above ground, and no doubt by far the greater part of those which had previously in- fested the wheat had already entered the earth. The wet weather of the preceding week had in fact supplied the conditions most fav- orable to this migration of the larve. There were not, on an average, more than three or four midge larve to a head, and these were commonly found on the outside of the glume, only occasionally on the kernel within. The observa- tions here given should at least serve to put the farmers of the northern part of the State on their watchful guard against this in- sect,—the most dreaded and destructive foe of spring wheat known to agriculture; and in the hope of making them personally ac- quainted with this enemy of their harvests, I append here a suffi- cient description and figures to enable the reader to recognize the insect in its various stages, and such an account of its life history as will justify the recommendations made for the limitation of its increase. DESCRIPTION. Figg.—The eggs, as laid upon the wheat, are scarcely more than a hundredth of an inch in length, about one-sixth as thick as long, of a long oval form, very nearly cylindrical, with rounded ends. Their surface is smooth and shining, and they are almost colorless- watery, with a faint tinge of pale red. When several are together, in a mass, they appear of a deeper reddish yellow color. Larva.—The larve are, at first, less than a hundredth of an inch long, resembling the egg closely, from which, however, they may be certainly distinguished by the fine transverse lines separating the segments. When under examination the larva is usually quiescent unless placed in water, when it immediately awakes from its seem- ing sleep. When wet and in motion (alternate contraction and _ elongation) several parts of its structure not perceptible before are plainly visible. The quiescent larva is about three times as long as broad, meas- uring .08 in. by .03 in., and is oval, thickest in the middle and slightly tapering in each direction, the ends being rounded or but faintly angular-pointed. It is slightly depressed and on the under side very perceptibly flattened, but with no indications of feet. Its surface is minutely granular, like that of the common earth worm of our gar- dens, and also appears to be slightly coated over with a glutinous secretion, whereby it adheres to a needle which touches it, and often when two or more worms are placed in contact they in dying be- come glued to each other. Its joints are indicated by very fine im- 52 pressed transverse lines, whereby it is divided into ten or twelve segments of equal length, except at the ends where it is difficult to definitely distinguish them. It is of a rich yellow color varying in different individuals from lemon to orange-yellow, and usually a small greenish or blackish cloud is seen placed lengthwise in the middle of the body on its under side, which is evidently caused by internal alimentary matter. The moving larva is of a more elongated and elliptic form, taper- ing to an acute point at its fore end and much more blunt behind. Thirteen segments are now plainly to be seen. Of these the three first and the last have a smooth surface and are whitish and semi- transparent, only the nine intervening ones being yellow and with their surface granulated. Each segment is fringed at its end with a row of small hairs like eyelashes, which are continued along the whole length of the edge. The head is conical, longer than broad, tapering to an acute point in front, and has a depression on each side near the middle where is inserted a short thread-like pro- cess, forming with its fellow a pair of horns, which are articulated at their bases. The last segment is cut off transversely in a straight line; but as the worm crawls, when it draws the hind part of its body forward with each step it takes, this hind end becomes strongly concave. When the worm is dry and endeavoring to crawl on a dry surface, this end of its body becomes wholly different. It is then strongly concave, its angles acute and tooth-like, with two similar teeth between them which may be of the same size or retracted, showing their points only. On each side of this last segment a rounded tubercle is sometimes protruded from beneath, bearing a conical point and+resembling a proleg. Under the same circum- stances the head is wholly retracted, leaving only the ends of its horns visible. Puna.—The cocoons in which the larve enclose themselves resemble little round grains smaller than a mustard seed. When coated with dirt, as they usually are, it is almost impossible to discover these cocoons even with the aid of a magnifying glass. The naked larve that are sometimes found in the earth in the spring are doubtless those which remained in the wheat after its harvesting. Imago.—The following remarks condensed from Fitch’s Report will constitute a sufficient description of the imago to enable the intelligent observer to recognize it, especially when taken in con- nection with the figures, copied on a larger scale from Fitch’s plate. The individuals of this species differ so widely as to color, size, and perfection of organs and members, that no study of these points will enable one to distinguish this fly from other species when specimens are gathered in other situations than on ‘wheat. We can then recognize it only when it shows the following essential characters : The body nearly one-tenth of an inch long, bright orange or lemon-yellow, and tarnished or slightly smoky on the back, forward of the wings; the wings clear and glassy and having a small cross vein near their base; the antenne about as long as the body and composed of twelve oblong joints which are narrower in their middles and separated by short pedicels. 53 We are assured a midge-fly is this species when it possesses all these characters. But many flies also pertain to this species which do not fully possess them, some departing from the standard in one, others in another particular, whereby it happens that no one of these characters is constant and found in all the members of this species. All the bright yellow midges which occur in our wheat fields during the latter half of June may be regarded as the wheat midge. LIFE HISTORY. The fly or perfect insect makes its appearance in ordinary seasons a little before the middle of June, in the latitude of New York, but its hatching varies with the latitude and the progress of vegetation. A warm” season hastens, a cold season retards insects and vegeta- tion alike. Under ordinary circumstances this fly lives about three weeks, but if the season be wet and the fly numerous it is seen abroad much longer, sometimes until the middle of August. Mois- ture is its life, dryness smothers and suffoeates it, consequently it cannot remain upon the wheat heads during the heat of the day, but rests upon the lower part of the stalks until the sun begins to decline, when it returns to its operations upon the heads. On damp cloudy ‘days the insect is as active in the day as at night, and spots shaded by trees, or wheat on low lands, are the most “severely injured. If at the time the fly is abroad, depositing its eggs, the weather be extremely dry, the crop escapes; if unusually wet weather prevails, the grain will be severely injured. In the deposition of its eggs the only aim of the fly seems to be to place them in some crevice of the headlet where they will be comparatively secure from enemies, and sheltered from the sun and air, which would shrivel them. From the form and character of the ovipositor it is evident that the fly is restricted to crevices for the deposit of its eggs. They are, perhaps, most commonly placed in the little orifice ‘at the summit of the outermost chaff, but may be found in any narrow opening upon the headlets which the fly is able to discover. Sometimes a single egg is found, but they are usually in clusters of from two to ten. The young larvee appear in about a week after the egg is laid. In whatever situation hatched, they must find their way at once to the germ or kernel from which they derive sustenance. Attaching themselves first at the base of the kernel they afterwards, as they increase in size, usually with- draw farther up the side. The larve mature in about three weeks and may often be seen descending to the ground as early as July 11, while some of the parent flies are still depositing their eggs. Some of the larve throw themselves to the earth with a skip from the beards; others crawl down enveloped in a pellicle of water; and still others crawl in a serpentine track till the globule of water in which the larva is moving becomes so large that it is upon the point of running down the straw, when the larva lets go its hold, and is carried to the earth. It is a mistake to suppose that only the larve which go into the ground before harvest live and produce the flies of the following year. Experiments indicate that few if any of the larve would be 54 dead at the end of even six months. Their vitality is astonishing. No extremity of hunger or thirst seems to kill them and water does not drown them. They are perfectly amphibious. INJURIES TO GRAIN. This insect effects its injury by sucking the milky juice from the young kernel, without any apparent gnawing of the surface, thus causing the grain to shrivel and blight, the heads remaining sub- stantially unfilled. Not unfrequently the crop is utterly ruined, and the loss in whole states, like New York and Ohio, has occasionally reached a total of two-thirds or three-fourths the entire average yield. REMEDIES. No application of remedial or preventive measures has hitherto arrested the ravages of the midge, although it is not impossi- ble that they have somewhat mitigated the gravity of its attack. The only ones hitherto suggested which even promise usefulness are those of destroying the screenings of the mill when the wheat is threshed and cleaned immediately after harvest; or, for the pur- pose of getting rid of the midge larve remaining ‘on the grain, that of deep plowing of the old fields of wheat with the hope that the larve remaining in the ground may thus be buried beyond the hope of resurrection, when their transformations are completed the follow- ing year. Besides these, we have the heroic remedy of refraining from the cultivation of wheat where the success of the crop is threatened by the previous appearance of the midge,—doubtless the most effective measure provided it be generally adopted. 5. Tur WuHeEat Buis Worm. (Meromyza americana, Fitch.) Order Diptera. Family Oscinrp™. (Plate LV. Figs. 4-9.) Since the outbreak of this insect in Fulton county, described in my report for last year, it seems to have entirely disappeared from that locality, not a single field, this year, having given the slightest evidence of its presence; a fact doubtless due to the destruction’ effected by the parasite ‘described by me in the article above men- tioned. Indeed, in all our observations and collections made in different parts of the State during the past season, no evidence was seen of anything more than trivial injury by this insect until late in October, when Mr. N. 8S. King, of Normal, called my attention to a field of rye which had been mysteriously ‘checked in its srowth and seemed likely to be entirely ruined. An examination of this field made on 5d the 81st October showed that the outer stalks of nearly every stool were dead, although, owing to the recent rains, new leaves were being sent up from the center of the stool. The stand was light upon the ground, but the owner reported that it had been ex- cellent at first. On examination, the greater part of the dead stalks were found to harbor the larve of Meromyza about half grown. When taken from the stalks these larve traveled with considerable activity, using their mouthhooks to draw themselves forward. This field of rye was sown unusually early (July 9) for pasture, a fact entirely consistent with respect to the conditions favorable to injury by this pest. Late sowing remains the only preventive measure against it. 6. Tae Grass Worm or Fatt Army Worm. (Laphygma frugiperda, Guen.)’ Order LepipoprErRA. Family Noctuipm. (Plate V. Figs.1 and 2.) An abundant southern insect well known in fields of cotton and corn in the Southern States, but rarely noted in Illinois, has twice appeared in this latitude in numbers so extraordinary as to attract general attention and to do very considerable mischief in fields of young winter wheat in autumn, and once in corn fields in midsum- mer. It first appeared here fifteen years ago, and has since been seen only by entomological collectors, until the autumn of the pres- ent year. Its occurrence was first announced to me on the 2d Octo- ber by Mr. H. C. McIntire, of Topeka, Tazewell county, who wrote: “[ have this day mailed you a box containing specimens of a worm that is devastating wheat fields in this part of our county. They hatch on land that was in oats this last year, and they are eating the wheat clean. Hundred of acres in this part of the county are as clean at it is possible for land to be, not a green thing left. From land that was in oats, they go to wheat that was in wheat last, eating it clean as they go.” Two days later, Mr. I’. E. Buckley, of Tremont, wrote me: “There is a worm working in the winter wheat in this section, which is causing much consternation among the farmers. Many eall it the army worm. In a field of wheat of twenty acres, visited by the writer this morning, this pest could be seen working in large numbers. Throughout the entire field there were probably on an average, from a dozen to a dozen and a half worms to the square foot; worms from one-fourth to one-half inch in length to full grown ones. A full grown one is about one and a half inches in length. They seemed to have entered my wheat from an adjoining corn field on the north, and are working towards the south. In many places the oats is quite thick, as the wheat was sown upon oats stubble. But the worms do not touch the oats. They cut the wheat off close to the ground and eat it up clean, or else climb the spears and eat it down.” 56 On the 9th I visited Tremont, and saw the species at work in the wheat fields, although it had at this time nearly closed its career for the season, by far the greater part of the brood having entered the earth for pupation. On the 10th and 11th, an assistant, Mr. C. A. Hart, made a trip through the fields of Tazewell and Mason counties, carefully observing the insect in the field and col- lecting specimens for the breeding cages. LITERATURE. This species was first described by Smith and Abbott, in their ‘Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia,” in 1797, under the name of Phalena frugiperda. Its character as an injurious agricultural insect was first observed in the Southern States. In a description of the imago and larve by Guenée, in his work on Noctuelites, Vol. I, p. 159, published at Paris in 1852, the gen- eral distribution of the moth of the grass worm is given, as known at that time. In the Patent Office Report for 1855, is an article by Townend Glover on Cotton Insects, containing a somewhat extended account of this species under the title of ‘‘grass worm” or ‘‘grass caterpil- lar,” but without scientific name. A description of the larva and moth are given, and figures of these and also of the chrysalis. A valuable account of the habits of the larve in Georgia, of their in- juries to vegetation, and of their destruction by ants is also given in this article. The earliest notice of the occurrence of this species in the Valley of the Mississippi with which 1 am acquainted, is contained in the first report of Mr. C. V. Riley, as State Entomologist of Missouri (1868}. On page 87 of this report he mentions the injuries to wheat due to this insect, (especially to wheat sown upon oat stubble), and makes some suggestions of preventive measures against its attacks in future. The farmers of this region, however, reported to him that the same insect had been known to attack the wheat in the fall, for many years previous. Mr. Riley uses no technical name in this article, but calls the larva the ‘‘wheat cutworm.” The earliest mention of its occurrence as an injurious species in Illinois, was made by Walsh and Riley, who in a paper on the boll worm or corn worm (Heliothis armigera), published in the American Entomologist for November, 1869 (Vol. II, p. 42) report having received our species from Tuscola, in Central Illinois. Not. recognizing it, they regarded it as a new species of Prodenia, and - proposed for it the name Prodenia daggyi. They reported it as feed- ing externally upon the leaves of corn, and likewise eating into the heart of the young plant. On page 328 of the same volume, Riley reports the receipt from many parts of Missouri and Iliinois of the ‘‘fall army worm,” its injuries being most marked in the northeastern part of Missouri. He here distinguishes the species from the true army worm, adds several plants to its dietary, and doubtfully identifies it with the species previously called by him the ‘‘wheat cutworm.” 57 Following this, on page 363, in the number for December, 1870, occurs a long article upon this insect, which is there called the ‘‘fall army worm,” and described and discussed as Prodenia autumnalis n. 8. The moth and larva are figured and very fully described, a brief description being also given of the pupa. ‘Two varieties of the imago are distinguished and described as fulvosa and obscura; the occurrence of the worm in destructive numbers during that season in many parts of Kansas, Illinois and Missouri is noted; compari- son of its characters and habits with those of the common army worm is made at length, the probable number of its broods and other points in its life history are discussed, and an account is given of its habits of oviposition, and a description of the egg. In Riley’s second report, page 41, this species is referred to as Laphygma frugiperda of Smith and Abbott, but evidently not identified by the writer with the ‘‘wheat cutworm” of his previous report. In his third report, that for 1870, Riley again recurs to the subject, treating the grass worm at length, but now under the name of Pro- denia autumnalis. This article is substantially the same as that already mentioned, published in the Entomologist and Botanist for December 1870, but with some additional details with respect to its injuries to vegetation in Missouri and also concerning its life his- tory and parasites. These observations of Riley are referred to next in the report of the United States Department of Agriculture for 1871, but no addi- tional particulars are there given; and in the report for 1872 of this series the occurrence is recorded of the “grass army worm,” as it is called, in Georgia, in destructive numbers, devouring corn, grass, and pea crops. In the Eighth Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Missouri page 48, Mr. Riley again refers to it in an article on the true army worm, and in a foot note concedes the identity of the species with the Phalena frugiperda of Smith and Abbott and the Laphygma Srugiperda of Gueneée. The ‘‘grass army worm” is first mentioned in the Illinois Reports in the seventh of the series, pages 97 and 219, in a brief article by Prof. Thomas, compiled chiefly from previously published notices, but containing some additional particulars respecting its life history in that part of Central Illinois where it was first observed. Mention of its carnivorous habit under peculiar circumstances as reported by Mr. Glover in the Report of the Department of Agri- cultural for 1855, (p. 100) is made in Prof. Comstock’s elaborate report upon Cotton Insects published by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture in 1879. I have also seen a brief notice of its occurrence in cotton fields, in Bulletin No. 3, of the United States Entomological Commission, where its is barely mentioned as sometimes very abundant in cot- ton fields and likely to be mistaken for the true cotton worm (Aletia.) In the American Entomologist for January, 1880, advanced sheets of the above article were printed containing the same notice. 58 In the Tenth Report from this office, a brief paragraph contain- ing no new information is devoted to this species. In the Report of the Entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture printed in the Report of the Department for 1881 and 1882, Mr. Riley speaks of this species while discussing insect injuries to grow- ing rice, noting its occasional injury to that plant, and making sug- gestions for the arrest of its ravages when they become serious. In Mr. J. A. Lintner’s First Report as State Entomologist of New York (1882), the grass worm is simply included in a lst of species in- jurious to the apple. NOMENCLATURE. This insect, as already remarked, was first described under the name of Phalena frugiperda, and has since received the scientitic names of Prodenia daggyt, Riley; Prodenia autumnalis, Riley; and Laphygma frugiperda, usually incorrectly printed Laphrygma in the articles of Walsh and Riley.) Its common names have been equally numerous. The prevalent one in the Southern States is, apparently, the ‘‘grass worm” or “orass caterpillar,’ while to the northward it has been, perhaps more generally, called the ‘‘fall army worm.” Riley first gave to it the name of wheat cutworm, and by many it is erroneously styled the ‘‘army worm,” on the supposition that it is the fall brood of that far more common and destructive pest. In order to avoid this erroneous association of our species with the common army worm, it seems to me decidedly best that the name of fall army worm oat be dropped and that of grass worm be commonly used in- stead. DESCRIPTION. Imago.—Front wings narrow, apex broadly rounded. General col- or brownish grey, varied with bluish white, dusky and fulvous. A bluish white patch at the apex of the wing, usually containing a few black points. Subterminal line arcuate, of the same color, con- tinuous with this patch in front, sometimes obsolete at the terminal angle of the wing, but sometimes complete. Before the subtermi- nal line and within the apical patch is a dark blotch upon the middle of the wing, which sometimes contains one or two triangular black points. ‘Transverse anterior and transverse posterior lines sometimes obsolete, when present, double, zigzag. Base of wing slightly paler, with a longitudinal black blotch in the middle. Orbicular spot obliquely oval, pale testaceous, with an oblique mark of same color immediately without. Reniform spot obscure, distin- guished in front and behind by small whitish blotches, the posterior linear, often shaped like the letter e, the anterior variable. Upon the costal margin, a series of whitish dashes, four of them between the reniform spot and the apex, and as many more, obsolete, between that and the base. Terminal line pale, subterminal space dark, divided into quadrate blotches by the nervures. Fringe paler gray, the scales tipped with black between the nervures. Under surface 59 smoky but paler anteriorly and terminally and ftlvous along the costa. Posterior wings translucent, nearly white in some lghts, roseate in others, dusky on anterior margin and on anterior half of outer margin. Head, thorax, and abdomen, nearly uniform gray ; thorax with a V-shaped black mark in front. Larva.—The larve collected this autumn were dark, the general effect being that of a nearly black insect with a broad buff band below the stigmata, and a narrow yellow subdorsal line. The dor- sum is black or a very dark brown with a yellow median line, and irregular white lineations along the border of the dorsal space. The subdorsal band is also black, slightly mottled along the lower margin, bordered above by a yellow line which is itself bordered above and below by a shade of deeper black. The stigmatal band is drab, mottled with pale brown; the stigmata black, partly within the sub- stigmatal band and partly within the subdorsal band. In one specimen, the dorsum is pale chocolate brown with scarcely a trace of the median line. ‘The heads in all are jet black ex- cept on the sides, behind the eyes, where they are somewhat mottled with whitish. The Y-shaped mark upon the front is white and deeply impressed. The cervical shield is black, with the median line and subdorsal yellow lines continued upon it. Upon the caudal shield the median line widens to a more or less triangular blotch. The labrum is brown, the basal joint of the antenne is wholly white, the second joint white with a black ring at the base, and the third joint brown. The venter is greenish brown beneath the buff lateral band, becoming nearly yellow towards the bases of the pro- legs. Each of the latter has a glossy black patch upon its outer surface. Between these legs the surface is a brownish green. « The whole ventral area is finely mottled with yellow.* DISTRIBUTION. By Guenée, this species is reported to occur in North and South America, and likewise to have been received by him from Tasmania. _ *The following is the description of the larva and pupa of this species given by Mr. Riley, on page 117 of his Third Report as State Entomologist of Missouri: Larva.— Ground eolor very variable, generally dark and pitechy black when young, but varying after the last moult from pale brown to pale dirty green, with more or less pink or yellow admixed—all the markings produced by fine, more or less intense, brown, crim- son,and yellow mottlings. Dorsum brownish with a narrow line down the middle, ren- dered conspicuous by a darker shade each side of it. A dark, subdorsal band one-third as wide as each joint is long; darkest at its upper edge, where it is bordered and _ dis- tinctly separated from dorsum by a yellow line which, except on joint 11, where it deflects a little upwards, is quite straight; paler in the middle of each joint. A pale, either buff or flesh colored substigmatal band, »ordered above and below by a narrow, yellow and wavy line. Venter pale. Head pale yellowish brown, with sometimes a tinge of green or pink; the triangular piece yellowish, the Y-mark distinct and white, the cheeks with four more or less distinct lateral brown lines and with dark brown mottlings and nettings, which become confluent and form a dark curved mark at the submargin behind the prongs and each side of the stem of the Y. Stigmata large, brown, with a pale annula- tion, and just within the lower edge of the dark subdorsal band. Legs either light or dark. Cervical shield darker than body with the narrow dorsal and subdorsal lines ex- tending conspicuously through it; anal plate also dark, narrow and margined by the pale subdorsal lines—both plates furnishing stiff hairs, but without tubercles. Piliferous tubercles on joints 2 and 3, arranged in a transverse row, and quite large, especially on joint 2; on joints 4-10 the superior eight are arranged as follows: 4 in a trapezoid in dor- sal space, the posterior two as far again from each other as the anterior two, and two near the stigmata, one above and one behind; on joint 11 the dorsal 4 are in a square, and on joint 12 in a trapezoid, with the posterior and not the anterior ones nearest together; the thoracic joints have each a large subventral tubercle just above the legs. Length 1.10-1.50ineh. Described from numerous specimens. Pupa.—Formed in the ground, without cocoon; of norma! form, bright mahogany- brown, and with a distinct forked point at extremity. 60 It seems to be abundant throughout the Southern States, but I do not know of its occurrence north of the latitude of Central Illinois. The destructive outbreaks which I have encountered in my reading on this species, occurred as follows: Im 1845 and 1854, in Georgia; 1868, in Central Illinois and Northeastern Missouri; 1870, Kansas, Illinois and Missouri; 1872, Central Georgia; 1873, Washington county, Illinois; and 1881, in Georgia. In Illinois, this autumn, we found it generally distributed in de- structive numbers throughout the eastern two-thirds of Tazewell county and all of Mason county. From D. 8. Harris, of Cuba, in Fulton county, and from Dr. R. Boyer, at Lewiston, I heard that it had generally prevailed in that county. Letters from Menard, Mason, Macon and Madison counties to the east and south, and from Stark on the north, reported no occurrence of the worm in those regions, and fixed the limit of the outbreak in those directions; but to the west it extended to the Mississippi river, having been reported by correspondents in both Pike and Hancock counties. The area infested was therefore a triangular one, the apex of the triangle being near eastern McLean county, and the base extending along the Mississippi from Pike to Hancock. LIFE HISTORY. In i854, the caterpillars were abundant in Georgia during the last days of September and the beginning of October. ‘‘When about to change,” says Glover, “they formed cocoons of silk under stones or in the ground near the surface, interwoven with particles of earth, and came out perfect moths from the 24th to the 80th of October ; and, as these specimens were kept in a room without arti- ficial heat, I ‘conjectured that those in the open field would appear about the same time.” They were also believed to have injured the rice in that State in June of the same year. In Missouri, in 1868, the larve were received by Riley on the 10th of October. They came to their growth the latter part of October and entered the earth, where Riley beleved that they would pass the winter in the chrysalis state. In 1869, Walsh and Riley received specimens from Central Illinois in July, and the moths made their appearance towards the end of the same month. In 1870, Riley expressed the opinion that there are at least two broods, and probably three or four in a year. “Those worms which appeared,” he says, “in such multitudes in August and the fore part of September, in due time produced moths, and these gave birth to a new generation of worms, which began to make their presence manifest towards the end of October. And it will be remembered that, as stated in our last number, we bred the moth as early as July, in 1868, from worms received from Mr. Daggy.” In the above year they were noted in Central Missouri on the 26th of August. In°1881 they occurred on the rice in Georgia, in May, going into the ground for their transformation in the first and second weeks in June; and a later brood occurred in August. During the present autumn they were first noticed by our corres- pondents during the third or fourth week of September, at which time 61 most seemed about half grown; but by October 10 the greater part of them were already in the ground, where most of them still con- tinue. Few pup occurred at this time, most being in the short- ened, prepupal stage. From the larve bred in the laboratory, col- lected from wheat fields October 11 and kept in a room without artificial heat, three moths emerged November 3, three more Novem- ber 12, and another between that date and the 28th. The remain- der are still alive in the earth as pupex, at the present writing (December). The pup in the field were usually buried from one to two inches beneath the surface, erect or inclined, in smooth-walled earthen cells. Not a few had only partly hidden themselves before the necessities of metamorphosis overtook them. From the above data it is not easy to construct any consistent calendar of this species, the statement made by Riley in the Ento- mologist and Botanist for December 1870, seeming to conflict with the other observations reported. The larve occurring that year in “August and the fore part of September” in Missouri, if they really gave origin to a second brood, which ‘‘began to make their presence manifest towards the end of October,’ must have produced the imagos late in September and early in October,—that is at the very period when the brood of larve observed by us this fall were com- pleting their growth and entering the ground for pupation, not to emerge until spring. In fact, the statement above quoted seems in- consistent with Riley’s own report of his observations for 1868, when larve received October 10, entered the ground later in the month, and were believed to hibernate as pup, pupation in 1868 thus being made synchronous with the occurrence of growing larve of a later brood in 1870. As Riley rests the above cited report for 1870 on no precise data, but makes it only as a general statement, it is perhaps not impossible that it involves an error of inference. More probably, however, it represents exceptional conditions. If we thus exclude it either as irreconcilable with observed facts, or as an un- usual occurrence, we have left self-consistent proof of three broods at the South and of at least two, and possibly three, as far to the north as Central Illinois. The larve of the first of these appears in May and June, pupating in the latter month and in July, and giving the imago late in this month. A second brood of worms oc- curs in the South in August, and a third late in September and early in October. The last corresponds to the observations in Illh- nois this autumn, and probably hibernates as pup, with scattering escapes of autumnal imagos, such as have occurred in our own breeding cages this year. CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF INJURIES TO VEGETATION. As far back as 1845, this species was reported to attack corn, sugar cane, and upland rice. In Georgia, in 1854, the grass worms devoured grass, young grain, and almost every green thing which came in their path. ‘Instances have been known,” says Mr. Glover, ‘‘in which, urged as they were by necessity and starvation, they actually devoured stacks of odder that were stored away for winter consumption. 62 Deep ditches cut in the earth to stop them were immediately filled up by the multitudes which fell in and perished, while eager mil- lions still rushed over the trembling and half-living bridge, formed by the bodies of their late companions, bent on their mission of destruction and devastation. a * * i When pressed by necessity, however, as has already been stated, they will feed upon cotton leaves. I raised about thirty of them upon this food alone, merely as an ex- periment, and they grew and perfected their transformations, al- though appearing to prefer a grass diet if it could be obtained.” In Missouri, in 1868, they destroyed much young wheat sowed on oats ground, but did not trouble wheat sowed in the same fields on wheat stubble. They were here found to feed with equal relish on the young plants of both oats and wheat, and a variety of grasses. In Illinois, in 1870, they fed in July upon the young corn, de- vouring the leaves, eating into the heart of the young plant, and, later, ‘boring large holes. through the ears, burrowing them in all directions. They were also reported to Mr. Riley to feed upon the leaves of the peach and apple, upon the under sides of which the imagos laid their eggs. If these were deposited upon other trees, hke the sycamore, the larve, when they hatched, instead of eating the leaves, descended from the trees to feed upon more succulent herbage below. According to the observations in wheat fields reported for 1863, wheat which had been completely eaten up was not necessarily ruined, some that had thus been cut off in the fall making a good stand the next spring, in one instance, at least, being even better than that which had not been touched. [On the other hand, Mr. F. E. Buckley, of Tremont, who was the first to report the occurrence of these larve to me this fall, writes me this spring that the wheat eaten off was almost invariably destroyed: and did not rally again. “On my piece containing twenty acres,” he says, “one-third of the ground was bare. Wherever the worms worked, the wheat is killed and did not come up again; and in other instances I know of in this vicinity, the result was the same. One piece of about ten acres sown on very rich ground (oat stubble, of course,) which was oe aes destroyed, does not show half an acre of living grain.’ In Missouri, the worms have also been reported to destroy turnips, and buckwheat as it was just coming into bloom; while meadows were so ravaged that nineteen-twentieths of the grass was considered entirely killed. Oats and timothy were among the crops destroyed by them, the former being devoured when it had reached a height of six inches. Corn silks and soft corn were likewise eaten. Corn fodder, tomatoes, rye, potatoes, and cucumbers have been destroyed by them in various parts of Missouri, and in some vineyards they did great damage by gnawing around the stems and causing the bunches to drop off. In corn fields, they were said by a correspondent of Mr. Riley’s, not only to devour greedily the leaves and stems, but to bore large holes through the ears, burrowing them in all directions. In Geor- gia, in 1872, besides devouring corn and grass, they destroyed the 63 pea crop in some localities. The following year they made havoc with the winter wheat in Washington county, Illinois, in September, devouring the plants when they were two or three inches high; and some small damage was also done to corn. In Mr. Riley’s report for 1881 and 1 82, the first and second generations are said to lay their eggs on the growing stalks of rice. The worms, hatching, “rag” the plants badly, and when in great numbers eat them to the ground. Grass, cabbage, strawberries, and beans were among the plants injured in Georgia during this year by a later brood. In Central Lllinois, this fall, the injuries were confined, as far as our observation extended, to old oats ground, with the exception of a field or two formerly in wheat, on which volunteer grain had sprung up in extraordinary quantity. We could hear of no damage noticed in the fields of oats early in the season on ground after- wards visited by the grass worm when cropped in wheat. In very many cases the loss was total, and many thousand acres of winter wheat were entirely killed by the worms in the area infested this year. Most of the fields were plowed and resown, but occasionally one was left. The destruction of a whole field was rarely complete, the bare area being usually in bands and patches, in the center of which the plants were eaten to the ground, while around the mar- gins the damage was less severe. Where the wheat was early sown and had reached a height of five or six inches, stubs of an inch or more were left by the worms, and from these the plant partly revived. The number of worms in a field, as indicated by the pupe dis- coverable in the ground, was about six to ten to a square foot; although some farmers asserted that a handful could have been gathered, earlier, in their fields by a single sweep of the hand. From Mr. Harris, of Cuba, I have received the following detailed account of the method and amount of the injury done in a field under his observation : Wheat (-aryared) 64 “T gend you a rough sketch of a field infested by the grass worm last fall. I visited this field five times after the worms made their appearance, the first visit being about October 1, and the last one about December 6. Upon my first visit to this field I found the worms actively at work in the spots marked 1, 2, 3, 4, they having seemingly begun at the center of the spaces and worked in all directions. Upon my second visit, the worms had eaten every green thing in space 1, over an area of six or seven acres, and many of them had entered the ground to pupate. In space 2 and 3 they had eaten about one half of the wheat, making it look ragged and thin on the ground. (The spaces indicated as 2 and 3 were about one half acre each.) In space 4, they had destroyed all the wheat at the center, but had not extended their ravages so far as in No. 1, probably not more than half an acre being entirely eaten off, while about three acres was partially eaten, less damage being done as the boundary was approached. At this time (second visit), I found more worms at work in No. 4 than in No. 1, but they were scattered over a relatively larger space. When I returned on my third visit, about Nov. 7, I found No. 1 had been resown with the drill without plowing, while the other in- fested spaces had not been resown. These parts of the field presented a yellowish, sickly appearance, and did not recover at all before cold weather. The leaves began to turn brown at the tips and dry up, while there was very little if any growth from the center. Even where the wheat was but little eaten by the worms, it presented a stunted appearance. The worms climbed upon the blades of the wheat and ate them, instead of cutting off the plant at the ground, so there was but little dam- aged except that actually consumed. But the ravages of this worm are greater than can be accounted for by the actual amount of the herbage eaten. They seem to produce an effect similar to that pro- duced by a too free use of fertilizers upon growing plants. This field of wheat was sown upon oats stubble plowed under without burning.” NATURAL ENEMIES. In the Southern States where the common species of ants seem to be much more predaceous and ferocious in their habits than with us, they apparently interpose a notable check on the multiplication of the grass worm. “At a plantation in the vicinity of Columbus,” in Georgia, says Glover, ‘‘where the caterpillars were very numerous, and had already devoured all the grass on one side of a field which was divided into two equal parts by a broad and sandy carriage road passing through the center of it, the grass on the other side having been untouched, it was interesting to observe the operations of numerous colonies of ants that had formed their holes or nests in the road, and were lying in wait for any unfortunate grass worm, the natural desire of 65 which for a fresh supply of food, should tempt it to cross this dangerous path. First one ant more vigilant than the rest would rush to the attack; then another, and another, until the poor cater- pillar, entirely covered by its pigmy foes, and completely exhaust- ed in strength by its unavailable efforts to escape, was finally obliged to succumb to superior numbers and die as quietly as pos- sible, when the carcass was immediately carried otf by the captors to their nests, or, when too heavy to be dragged away at once, they fed upon it as it lay in the road. This warfare was carried on every day as long as the grass worms prevailed, and no doubt their numbers were diminished in this way to a considerable extent.” By Riley the occurrence of considerable numbers of a Tachina parasite was noted in 1870; and we, ourselves, noticed the eggs of such a parasite this fall on at least fifty per cent. of the worms col- lected by us, most commonly fastened near the head. ‘The imago of one of these parasites emerged in a breeding cage on the 28th Novem- ber, and believing it new, I sent it to Dr. Williston, of New Haven, Connecticut, who, at my request, kindly furnished me the following description : Exorista infesta, sp. n., Williston. ‘Female. Palpi reddish yellow at the tip; third joint of the antenne about thrice as long as the second; a single row of bristles extends from the front a little ways on the sides of the face above; the bristles of the face below do not reach the middle; legs black; scutellum yellowish, the tip of the abdomen reddish yellow. Length 6-7 mm. Black. Face grayish white; on each side of the lower part of the face in front there are but three or four minute bristles above the — large marginal bristle. Antenne black, the third joint about three times as long as the second, of nearly equal width, straight on its front margin. Front light ochraceous on the sides, in the middle with a rather broad,. parallel, opaque black stripe, reaching from the ocelli to the base of the antenne; on the lower part there is a single row of not very stout bristles on each side, extending but a little ways on the-face. Palpi black, the distal end reddish yellow. Thorax light grayish pollinose, the dorsum showing four rather narrow, black stripes, indistinct behind. Scutellum obscure yellow, or reddish yellow, narrowly black at the base. Tegule yellowish white. Abdomen black, the second and third segments very indis- stinctly reddish on the sides, the fifth segment almost wholly red- dish yellow; second segment opaque; third and fourth shining, broadly whitish pollinose in front, but variable in different reflections. Legs wholly black. Wings hyaline; last section of fourth vein moderately curved inwards, posterior cross vein gently sinuous. Male. Front narrow above, the median black stripe narrower than in the female, and gently widened in front. Palpi black at the base. The sides of the third and fourth abdominal segment broadly reddish. Otherwise as in the female. Three specimens: one female (No. 5422), bred by Professor Forbes from Laphygma frugiperda, and a male and a female, collected by Mr. Eugene Keen in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia. The females — 66 agree closely throughout; the male differs in the broad red sides of the abdomen, but I have scarcely a doubt of its identity.” No other enemies of this pest have been noted except its own fellows, but its cannibalistic habit is quite pronounced and remark- able. Glover says, in the report already cited, ‘The grass cater- pillars, when in confinement, very often kill and devour each other ; and when one is maimed in the least, it stands a very poor chance for its life. Several intelligent planters state that, when the grass and weeds are entirely devoured, and no other vegetable food is to be found, they will attack each other and feed upon the still living and writhing bodies of their former companions. One grass cater- pillar, which was kept in confinement, although furnished with an abundance of green food, actually appeared to prefer to feed upon other caterpillars, no matter of what kind, so long as their bodies were not defended by long, bristling hairs, or spines.’ That this is not a practice to which the worms are impelled by confinement, is shown by the fact that the older worms have been seen to destroy the younger by hundreds when a plenty of other food was available,—a fact mentioned by Mr. Howard in the Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for 1881 and 1881. Beyond an occasional dead worm in the fields in October, pre- senting the post mortem appearance of schlajfsucht, I saw no eyi- dence of contagious disease among these larve, and presume that the Tachina parasite above mentioned will be found the principal enemy they have to fear. In the past this imsect has not been decidedly injurious in the same locality in the Northern States for more than one year at a time, and in the prevalence of parasitism we probably have the ex- planation of this fact. There is, therefore, little reason to fear a recurrence of the insect in any considerable numbers next year, in the region devastated by it this fall. PREVENTION AND REMEDY. The female moths, when searching for a proper place of deposit for their eggs, are evidently attracted to the ground upon which the larve do their damage by the presence of an abundance of green food for the latter,—a fact which immediately suggests early plow- ing of ground intended for winter wheat, as a preventive measure. Doubtless except for the allurement of growing vegetation, the eggs of the imago would be planted elsewhere, or so widely scattered as to effect no appreciable damage. _ Certainly in that region where the grass worm prevailed last year it would be prudent to plow early after oats when it is intended to plant wheat. If, however, this precaution has been neglected and hordes of the larve appear in the wheat fields, it will doubtless prove dif- ficult to arrest their ravages. No opportunities for experiment have as yet offered, notice ‘of. the appearance of the larve in the Wheat having been received too late to permit trial of remedial measures; but it may be worth while to suggest heavy rolling as a measure likely to be practicable and efficient in some in- ae 67 stances. This has occasionally been found useful for the destruction of the true army worm. One farmer in Mason county, who noticed that the grass worms were extending their ravages rapidly from the central area in which he first noticed them, beheved that he de- stroyel the brood and prevented further injury by plowing under the infested area and rolling it heavily immediately thereafter. If a disposition to migration, like that of the army worm, is apparent, the march of the host may be arrested by measures which have been found more or less efficient in the case of the last named in- sect; that is, a furrow may be plowed across the line of their march, when the worms collecting therein may be destroyed by dragging a log along the furrow. If their appearance is easily de- tected while they are still small, it might not be unprofitable to destroy them with Paris green or other form of insect poison, but in most instances it will doubtless be less expensive to resow the ground than to attempt the somewhat doubtful remedies here pro- posed. : 7. Tue Grain Lear-Hoppers. Order Hemiprera. Family Jassip®. A great number of species of minute leaf-hoppers are found upon erowing grain, usually inflicting only insignificant or temporary damage, even if their effect is finally appreciable; but a few species were found by us last summer abundant enough in fields of growing wheat, in May and June, to constitute a menace to the crop where the conditions were not otherwise entirely favorable to its growth. Two of these, confined to the cereal crops as far as our observations show, were new to science; while a third, wide spread, occurring in many situations and upon a considerable variety of plants, is a common species, described originally by Say under the name of Jassus wrroratus. The first two are closely allied to Jassus inimicus, Say, described in 1831,* the deseriber of that species adding the remark that it is said to depredate, in the larva state, on the roots of wheat in Vir- ginia. Cicadula nigrifrons, n. s.+ (Plate V. Fig. 3.) A moderately slender, yellowish green species, with four black points at the anterior margin of the vertex. The head is sublunate, obtusely rounded in the middle, its antero-posterior diameter next the eyes being about three-fourths its median diameter. Its color is pale yellow, irregularly mottled with white, with an are of four irregular black points at its anterior margin, the outer of these just * *Complete writings, Vol. II, p. 382. + Although this species differs by characters commonly esteemed generic from the following and from any other genus known to me, yet in the present state of the generic classification of our American Homoptera I have not thought it best to multiply descrip- tions of genera, but content myself with indicating the distinctive characters in the figures accompanying. . 68 above and within the ocelli. There is a slenderimpressed median line, black or dark brown; and a depressed spot upon each side appears midway between this and the eye. Front, bluish black, with a few yellow median points and a row of transverse yellow lines interrupted across the middle. Cheeks black above, yellow behind; basal joint of the antenne blackish be- neath; clypeus black in the middle and at the margins, yellow at the sides. Lores yellow, bordered with black. Pronotum longer than the head, but shghtly narrower, strongly arcuate in front, base nearly straight, yellow anteriorly (where it is also mottled with white), shading to dark green posteriorly, owing to the black tint in the mesonotum showing through the transparent pronotal shield. A few faint dusky blotches just behind the eyes. Scutellum yellow somewhat mottled with white except two deeper yellow blotches just within the lateral angles. A very slender black impressed line. Hemelytra yellowish hyaline, veins yellowish green ; the costal margin broadly thickened, punctulate. Tergum black, posterior margins of the segments yellow. Thorax bluish black beneath, except the outer margins of the lateral plates of the mesothorax, which are yellow. Abdominal segments blue- black, bordered with yellow posteriorly, the two or three last seg- ments largely yellow-black, or dusky only in front. The hypopygium nearly all yellow, connexivum chiefly yellow irregularly mottled with blue-black. Valvules of the female yellow beneath and behind, black above and in front, spinose with long yellow bristles. Coxe all blue-black; anterior and middle femora with about two rings of black, tibize irregularly and variably specked or ringed with black, legs otherwise pale, except the points of attachment of the larger spines, which are black. Total length .14 inch; length of head .001 inch; of thorax .013 inch; of scutellum 013 inch; width of head .088 inch; width of scutellum .025. This species was collected by Mr. Garman at Mount Carmel on the 28th of May, 1884, where it was abundant in growing oats; at DuQuoin on the 7th June, where he found it common in young wheat and again on the dth July, when it was obtained by sweeping in wheat stubble. At Anna, July 14, it was very common on young corn, and occasionally occurred upon musk melons, August 2. Cicadula quadrilineatus, n. s.* (Plate V. Fig. 4.) Similar in general appearance to Cicadula nigrifrons, but differing in wing veins and color markings. Head with two round black spots upon either side of the middle of the base, about equidistant from the median impressed line and from the eyes. In front of these a transverse black line extending from eye to eye but inter- *Differs from the preceding and from typical European species of Cicadula by some structural charavters; but the above generic assignment expresses its true relations. a ae 69 rupted at the middle of the vertex, followed by a second heavier line sometimes interrupted and sometimes not, the two being nearly joined by a bar at the ends of the first. Face much as in nigrifrons, but yellow, with a median black stripe, and black transverse lines interrupted in the middle. Cheeks with less black than in the other species. Pronotum about as in nigrifrons, but the dark tint extending farther forward, leaving only a narrow margin of definite yellow, which is sometimes blotched with black in front. Scutellum with black impressed line much broader, usually somewhat lobed posteriorly, and with two round black dots in front of it upon the middle of the scutellum. ‘The black of the mesonotum extends farther back than in the other species, reaching sometimes to the middle of the scutellum, which is then marked in front by an irregular band of black, sending two ree triangular processes backwards, with a smaller process between them. Coxe green. Upper margins of the thoracic plates much washed with yellow. Thighs striped with black rather than banded. Ros- trum black. Fourth ventral segment almost entirely yellow, the second and third with a median yellow stripe. Hypopygium of the female dark, connexivum yellow, slightly blotched with blackish. Valvules of the female chiefly yellow, somewhat dusky above. Tergum* black, the penultimate segment broadly edged posteriorly with yellow. This species was first brought to our notice as an injurious insect ' May 23, 1824, when it was collected by Mr. Garman in fields of poor young wheat near Decatur, in such numbers as to suggest the probability of its injurious influence. It was this spring collected in large numbers from young wheat at Marshall, May 22, and at West Union on the 24th, where it seems to have been very abun- dant. At DuQuoin, on the 7th of June, it was found associated with the previous species in wheat, and August 4, a few specimens were collected from sorghum at Champaign. It has occurred rarely also in young corn. 70 ARTICLE IIJ.—BRIEF NOTES ON SORGHUM INSECTS. My last report contained a paper on such insects as infest the sorghum plant as were then known to me, and to these I now add a few notes on one of the species therein treated, together with a description of a second species occurring upon the roots, first observed this year. 1. Tue Yettow Soreuum Puant Louse. (Chaitophorus flavus, Forbes.) Order Hemrprera. Family ApHipipm. ; (Plate NER Figs. 1-4.) This species, discovered last year, was first observed July 25, and the facts of its earlier life history were of course unknown, but our observations of the present season carry the record a month farther back. On the 2-th of June, in fields of sorghum at Champaign which had been replanted, when the plant was only three or four inches high and showed but three or four of the leaves, one of these was occasionally reddened with a small cluster of the above plant lice beneath it. Hach of these consisted of a single full-grown female (winged in all cases but one) surrounded by a group of wingless young, sometimes evidently but just born. One of these winged females was dead in the center of a eroup of still living young. These fields were among those worst infested by this louse last year. I searched carefully and extensively for root lice, but in vain. Every stalk seen which showed any signs of ill condition was dug up and examined, but no root lice of any sort were found. It seems probable, consequently, that the Chaitophorus emerged from the ground in spring, crawled up to the lower leaves of the young plant, and there commenced at once to multiply; and it seems unlikely that any root form of this species will be found. This year, as last, I noticed that the ants paid no attention to this plant louse, although Laswus flavus and other species were not uncommon in the fields at the time. « 4 - ‘i » te ee ee aay Gk ere te ee ia 2. THe SorcHum Bark Lovse. (Coccus sorghiellus, vn. Ss.) Order Hemiptera. Family Coccipm. Among our collections from the sorghum plant made at Cham- paign this year, was a single vial of specimens bearing a close resemblance to the species of Rhizobius, but evidently belonging to the Coccide, a family not hitherto found upon the sorghum plant. The body is oval, distinctly segmented, .07 of an inch long by .027 of an inch wide, and .024 of an inch deep. ‘The surface was coy- ered by a bluish. bloom, and in one alcoholic specimen examined, a waxy mass, including a cluster of long hairs, adhered to the anal extremity. The antenne are short, reaching to the cox of the first pair of legs, distinctly eight- jointed, the first two joints thick and about equal in length, the third as long as the second, but more narrowed, the fourth the shortest of all, about as wide as long. Each of the three following joints is slightly larger and longer than the preceding, and the eighth is as wide as the second, cylindrical, very nearly as long as the sixth and seventh together. The rostrum is very short, conical, projecting from between the bases of the first pair of legs, not as long as the femur, and its width about half its length. The maxillary filaments are four in number and attain the abdomen. The eyes, placed upon the sides of the head at a distance behind the bases of the antennze about equal to the first joint of the latter, are black and simple, each consisting of a single ocellus. The tarsi are all one-jointed, two-thirds as long as the tibie and tapering regularly to the single claw, which is strongly curved, with a pair of slender capitate hairs, longer than the claw, springing from. its base. Tibie and femora of about equal length; antenne and legs slightly hairy, and scattered hairs occur upon the surface of ‘the body and tip of the abdomen. The only form seen was the wingless female, and belonged appar- ently to the genus Coccus, as defined by Signoret.* It was collected August 4, ° * Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, trimestre de 1869, p. 102. ARTICLE IV.—ON SOME CLOVER INSECTS. 1. Cymatophora crepuscularia, Tr. Order LeprpopTErRA. Family PaHaLmnip™. (Plate VI. Fig. 5.) Larve from which the above was bred were taken on white clover at Normal, June 21, the imagos emerging July 10. The larve were an inch long, slender, with only four prolegs. ‘The head is widely bilobed and reddish brown above, yellowish varied with reddish brown in front, with two small approximate black spots on the mid- dle of the front. The body is green, thickly covered with white granulations, with some black ones intermixed, and has an obscure reddish dorsal stripe. The posterior margins of the middle seoments are narrowly bordered with yellow. On the penultimate seoment is a large transverse blackish spot, with two small kidney-shaped yel- low spots near its middle, approaching each other posteriorly. The legs are pale brown, blackish at base; prolegs pale brown, blackish at base; prolegs black without, pale within; spiracles brown. The same larva occurred in our collections on the rose and the common locust; taken from the former June 20, and from the latter July 4. We also collected it July 25, from the box elder (Negundo aceroides), the specimen pupating August 4, and emerging August 13. 2. Tue Cirover Barx Louse. (Coccus trifoli, n. 8.) Order Hemretera. Family Coccip™. (Plate VI. Fig. 6.) On the 3d of May, at Normal, there occurred on the roots of. white clover examples of a root coccid, resembling Rhizobius in gen- eral appearance, but differmg from it in the antenne, and especially in the tarsi and tarsal claw. They were protected by a small yel- low ant, Lasius flavus, in whose nests they occurred, and were carried away by them like plant lice, when the nest was exposed. 73 DESCRIPTION. The body is elliptical, broadly and equally rounded at both ends, nearly circular in transverse vertical section, distinctly segmented ; surface covered with a waxy bloom, smooth ‘except for a few small hairs at the anal extremity. Feet, eyes, and antenne minute. The body is .11 of an inch long, a little more than half as wide, and a little less than half as deep; the abdomen decidedly shorter than the head and thorax; the antenne .003 of an inch long, their length less than the distance between their bases, obscurely seven-jointed ; the first joint as wide as long; the second a little shorter and much narrower than the first; the third and fourth a little smaller than the second and not distinctly divided; the fifth and sixth distinct, equal in length, and about equal to "the first; the seventh long, cylindrical, equal to the two preceding, obtusely pointed at tip. Entire antenna minutely sparsely hairy under a high power. Eyes simple, consisting of a single ocellus and a black speck on the side of the head, directly behind the antenna, the third joint of which will about reach them. Legs .01 of an inch in length, each reaching about one half way to ite fellow of the opposite side. Tarsus one-jointed, as long as the tibia, tapering regularly, terminating in a single stout curved claw; tibia and femur of about equal length ; trochanter as long as the coxa. Legs very minutely sparsely hairy throughout. Rostrum very minute, in the form of a thick tubercle projecting downwards in front of the bases of the anterior legs, scarcely longer than wide, about half the length of the femur. 3. CrovER M.tTEs. At Normal, early in May, the general occurrence ofa large and conspicuous ‘brownish red mite was noticed upon clover and blue grass, the former of these plants, especially, sometimes suffering severely from the pest. The leaves of the clover turned yellow and their growth was arrested where the mite was abundant. ‘The effect upon the blue grass was similar. The species, which proved to be new, is here described by my first assistant, Mr. H. Garman. Bryobia pratensis, n. s., H. Garman. (Plate VI. Fig. 7.) Body oval in outline as seen from above or below; but_ little elongated. Outline as seen from the side also oval, increasing in depth towards the posterior extremity where it is abruptly truncated. Strongly convex above, much less so below. Entire surface rugose - with more or less parallel, waved striz. Strie of dorsal surface of abdomen coarser and more regular than those of the ventral surface and of the cephalothorax. With scattered, curved, finely denticulate, scale-like appendages attached to the dorsum and at the margins. ‘These scales expand uniformly from their bases to their tips, where they are widest and have slightly rounded denticulate margins. The four conical promi- hences which extend forward over the mouth parts at the anterior extremity of the cephalothorax, each bears one of these scales. The 74 two median prominences are longest, and are united at their bases. ‘Palpi very stout, the basal articles with a few long hairs; inner ramus of foreeps thumb-like and with spinose hairs; outer ramus a strongly curved hook. Legs with strong, plumose, spine-like hairs on their basal articles, which hairs grow less and less stout towards the distal extremity of the limbs until upon the distal articles they form long, slender sete. Anterior legs equal to the body in length, tapering but slightly to the distal extremity. Two basal articles about equal, the proximal shiehtly the stronger. Third article longest, twice the length of the sixth. Fourth article nearly as long as the sixth, about half the leneth of the fifth. Adhesive hairs fewer and more slender than those of the other legs. Legs of the three posterior pairs much shorter than the anterior, and with less difference in the lengths of the articles composing them. The eyes consist of two approximated ocelli on each side of the cephalothorax. Adults in life marked with red and black. The pattern has been destroyed by alcohol. The majority of those ex- amined have large anal protuberances. Length of body .038 inch; width of same .025 inch. With the above, another mite, similar, but paler and smaller, was frequently taken in meadows. It is thus described by Mr. Garman: Bryobia pallida, n. s., H. Garman. A small, pale species agreeing with B. pratensis in general form. Anterior legs slightly longer than the body, with the fourth article markedly shorter than the sixth. Scale-like appendages somewhat wider and shorter proportionally. Two outer of the frontal processes wider at their tips than those of B. pratensis. Median pair of pro- cesses more slender than the outer and united for half their length. Color whitish. Length of body .024 inch; width of same .015 inch. Occurs with the preceding on grasses in “meadows. The anal pro- tuberance is conspicuous in most of the examples seen. 4, Muisceiuaneous Notes. The larva of Hematopis grataria, Fabr., was seen at Effingham, August 21, abundant upon white clover. Dichelia sulphureana, Clemens, was repeatedly bred from clover leaf rollers during the season. From small ‘green leaf rollers collected on clover May 14, imagos of Cacecia rosaceana, Harris, and of Tortrix pallorana, Robs., (Plate VI, Figs. 8 and 9) were bred, the imagos emerging during the middle of June. The latter species was also bred from the common ragweed, (Ambrosia trifida), specimens collected May 16, pupating June 12, and emerging six days later. Another example coilected on Erigeron canadense, May 17, pupated in a fold of the leaf May 30, and completed its transformations on the 7th June. From other clover leaf rollers taken May 28, examples of HTypena scabra, Fabr., emerged. > Le Ts. Contributions to Horticultural Entomology, f (i! ARTICLE I.—ON NEW AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN STRAW- BERRY INSECTS. 1. Nove on tHE Lire Histcry oF THE STRAWBERRY Suva. (Emphutus maculatus, Norton.) Order HymenopTerRA. Famtiy TENTHREDINIDA. (Plate VII. Fig. 1.) In my article on strawberry insects. published in my report for 1883, I found myself obliged to leave in doubt an important point in the life history of this insect owing to the conflict of observa- tions as reported by previous writers on this species. In the fullest and most authoritative article upon it, that by Mr. Riley in his Ninth Report as State Entomologist of Missouri, the statement is made that it is double brooded, the adult flies of the first brood appearing by the end of June and the beginning of July. “Under the influence of July weather,” he says, “the whole process of egg depositing, etc., is rapidly repeated, and the second brood of worms descend into the earth during the fore part of August, and form their cocoons, in which they remain in the caterpillar state through the fall, winter, and early spring months, till the middle of April following, when they become pupz and flies again as related.” On the other hand the observations of Mr. Saunders, made in London, Ontario,* those of Mr. Galusha and Miss Smith, in Central Ilhnois, as reported in the Transactions of the State Horticultural Society, and the statements of Prof. French, in Southern Illinois, published in the same ‘Transactions; together with those of Miss Alice B. Walton, relating to the life history of this species in the latitude of Muscatine, Iowa;—all report the absence of a second brood, or report their failure to detect it, the dates given by Mr. Saunders being, in fact, inconsistent with it.t The point thus left in uncertainty is practically the most important in the life history of this insect, since if two broods occur (the second appearing after the fruit is gathered), the multiplication of the species may be easily and cheaply arrested by the application of *Fourth Report of the Ontario Entomological Society, page 18. + For these references see my report for 1883, p. 71. 78 hellebore or arsenical poisons to the vines in July; but* if, on the other hand, the spring brood is the only one, it must be combatted, if at all, while the fruit is on the vines, when no poisonous appli- cation would be permissible. To determine this point for Central filinois, careful observations were made throughout the season, and a large number of individuals were reared. On the 12th May, in Normal, McLean County, newly hatched larve of this species, were observed upon strawberry leaves, and numerous eggs with the partially developed larve within them. These eggs, some of which were kept for identification until the larvee emerged, were not placed in the petiole, as observed by Riley, but were thrust beneath the epidermis on the upper side of the leaf, a crescentic slit having first been made by the ovipositor of the female. Attempts were made to carry these newly hatched larve through their transformations, and a few of them survived until June 5, at which date they were about half grown. Several young Pentatomide, apparently HEuschistus, appeared in the cage at this time, and to their predaceous habit ‘the disappearance of the larv was attributed. On the 13th of June, strawberry slugs of this brood were found upon the leaves in the field, and on the 21st about 150 specimens were collected and placed in a breeding cage. These were fully grown, and began at once. to enter the earth, nearly all having disappeared by June 24. On the 19th of July, those in the earth were examined, and found much shortened up for pupation but not yet transformed. At this time strawberry fields where they had been previously abundant, averaging as many as two or three to each leaf, were swept carefully and extensively with an insect net, but not a single strawberry slug was found. On the 1st September, the larve in the earth were examined but found still untransformed, most of them enclosed in small cocoons. On November 24, these conditions were practically unchanged; one of the larve was dead, although yet fresh, but the others examined were living and in perfect condition. [Delay of publication permits me to add that the above saw-flies were emerging May 14, 1885, from the lot secured for breeding June 21, of the year before. The above experiment shows conclusively that in the latitude of Central Illinois, and during ordinary years, the strawberry slug or false worm has but a single brood, and that this is matured before the strawberry harvest is completed, a fact which so modifies the possibilities of effective attack upon the species that we are practi- cally limited to the application of pyrethrum or other harmless in- secticides for the purpose of destroying the larve, and to the use of the insect net for the collection of the adult flies as they appear upon the vines in May for the deposit of their eggs, and later for the capture of the larve. These last are detached from the leaves at a touch, and I doubt not may be collected without great trouble or expense by sweeping with an insect net. From this they could be shaken at intervals into a bucket of water covered with a film © of kerosene. 79 2. THe Lesser STRAWBERRY Puant Louse. (Siphonophora minor, Forbes.) Order Hemiptera. Family Apuiprpm. This species, first described last year from strawberry plants at Normal, has been, observed during the last season, throughout the central and southern part of the State, from Bloomington and Champaign to Alton and Centralia. It was first noticed this year, April 17, on strawberry plants at Normal, only the wingless form occurring at that time. It was collected at Centralia, August 6, and at Alton as late as September 25, at which time it still occurred only upon the under sides of the leaves. It has not thus far done any appreciable injury as far as known. 3. Toe TarRnisHeD Puant Bua. (Lygus lineolaris, Beauv.) Order Hemiptera. Family Capsipa. (Plate VII, Fig. 2; and Plate VIII.) This species, treated as a strawberry insect at considerable length in my last year’s report, has been carefully observed this season,’to determine some unsettled pomts respecting its life history and its injuries to the strawberry. Our notes began April 1, when Mr. Webster was sent to Southern Illinois to collect the facts relating to the life history of this species in spring. At this time he found the adult abundant among the young and tender leaves of mullein, both in strawberry fields and elsewhere,—not down among the older, lower leaves, where they would naturally have resorted if in search of warmth and protection only. That they were feeding upon the plant was shown by the abundance of greenish fluid with which their bodies were distended. Very few specimens were found except those upon these plants. On the 4th April a pair were taken in copula, and on the 7th I dissected eggs from the ovary of the female, seemingly fully de- veloped. On the 2d, large numbers of the adults from Southern Illinois were fed with strawberry plants and mullein in a breeding cage at the Laboratory, in the hope of obtaining their eggs and de- termining their breeding habits. They resorted chiefly to the mul- lein, but soon commenced to die from some cause not determinable, both males and females perishing rapidly. On the 17th a pair of these were seen in coitu, and on the 18th the plants contained in the cage were thoroughly searched for eggs, but without success. On the 22d I saw and watched for some time a specimen on the under side of a half-open strawberry leaf, with its beak inserted in the midrib, evidently feeding upon the plant, and this observation was repeated next day, the plant bug now piercing the petiole of a fully-expanded leaf. Description of Egg.—On the 26th Apyil, careful search was again made of the strawberry plants in the cage, and a single egg was 80 found on the petiole of a dead leaf, so loosely placed among the hairs that it fell off on handling the plant. This ege was unmis- takably that of Lygus, as was shown by comparison with those ob- tained from the female by dissection. It was slender, cylindrical, slightly curved, round at one end, truncate and compressed at the other, the longer diameter of this truncate end being three times that of the shorter. The angle nearest the concave side of the egg was produced so as to make this outline somewhat sinuate. The egg was smooth, shining, pale watery yellow, .92 mm. long and 25 mm. in diameter at its widest part. The greatest diameter of the truncate end was .22 mm., and the shortest .O77 mm. The adults were found coupling in the field April 23, on flowers of the common cowslip (Caltha palustris), upon which they were now very abundant. They were not noticeably numerous in strawberry fields until late in April, when a few were observed in Union county, seemingly attracted by the opening blossoms. At this time they were also extremely common upon blooming currant bushes at Normal. The young of the year first appeared about the middle of April, upon strawberry plants at Anna, and were abundant there by the 3d May. At Normal the species was not found in strawberry fields until the 12th May, and these were all adults of the preceding year. In pursuance of my recommendation, Mr. F. 8. Karle, of Anna, made some field experiments upon this species with pyrethrum, ap- plying it quite thoroughly on one or two of the worst affected areas in his strawberry plantation. The pyrethrum used was purchased in the market, and was understood to have been effective upon other species of insects. It was diluted with from one to three parts of flour and applied with a sulphur bellows, first to about half an acre of Bidwell plants, when they were a little past their fullest bloom, and the application repeated in two or three days over about half the area. In each case enough was used to dust the plant quite thorough- ly. It was also dusted on nearly an acre of Duchess plants, after the bloom had mostly fallen. Mr. Earle reported that a day or two after the application, he made as careful an estimate as possible of the number of plant bugs remaining on the rows which had been dusted and on those which had not, and concluded that there were from one-half to one-third less on the dusted rows. As this result hardly seemed to justify the trouble‘and expense of application, nothing further was attempted. I am not able to account for the unsatisfactory results of this ex- periment as compared with laboratory experiments made the preced- ing year at Normal and described in my last year’s report, but incline to suspect the quality of the pyrethrum. The fact that the adults are very generally’attracted in great num- bers to turnips, cabbage, mullein, and other succulent plants in fall and spring, makes it possible that the number of the following brood in any limited area might be considerably diminished by bordering the field with a row of some of these plants as an attraction to the adult plant bugs. Those lured in this way might then be destroyed with pyrethrum in spring. 81 3. Lophoderus velutinanus, Walk. This species, already mentioned as occurring in corn, was likewise bred from the strawberry this year, a leaf roller collected July 20 pupating on the 25th, and emerging at a date unknown as the imago . of this species. 4, SuppLEMENTARY NOTE ON THE STRAWBERRY Root Worms. Order ConmopTerA. Family CurysomELipm. In my report for last year appeared an elaborate article on these insects, (pp. 150-177), containing an account of the curious correla- tion of the life histories of the species included under this head, by reason of which they attack their food plant successively, the three species jointly occupying the ground as larve throughout the year. With a view to verifying this account, all opportunities have been improved for further observation, and the data thus collected are here given, together with additional economic notes. Paria aterrima, Oliv. On the 9th May this species was seen near Normal in copula, on raspberry leaves, upon which the beetles were feeding, during May and the first part of June. in response to an urgent letter of inquiry from Mr. Wm. Jackson, at Godfrey, respecting the complete destruction by insects of some fields of strawberries in his neighborhood, I sent an assistant thither September 25, with directions to ascertain the cause of the injury. Three fields were visited at Upper Alton and Godfrey. In two of them the greater part of the leaves had been riddled and killed, only a few in the center of each stool remaining green. ‘The third was so far gone, from the same cause, that it had been recently plowed up by its owner. Careful search of these fields revealed no insect capable of doing this mischief except Paria aterrima, and this was so abundant as to give good ground for the suspicion that it was the author of the damage,—a suspicion fully confirmed by the fact that in the recently plowed field, the young leaves occasionally put forth had been freshly gnawed in the manner characteristic of the work of this species. It is possible that the extensive damage to these plants was largely due to the earlier work of the larve in the roots. Scelodonta nebulosus, Lec. and Scelodonta pubescens, Mels. 3 (Plate IX. Fig. 1-3.) The collections of this season and the results of breeding cage experiments all serve to confirm our former account of the hfe his- tory of S. nebulosus and yield the further interesting fact of the occurrence, beside, of another very similar species, which feeds only on the evening primrose (CHnothera), and whose life history is very different from that of the first. The strawberry species was bred by us June 9 to 28, from larve collected in Southern Illinois from April 6 to 9. Two larve obtained April 7, seemingly only half grown, yielded small adults June 15. —b6 82 The primrose species (pubescens) was first noticed by us in Southern Illinois, April 4, on the primrose along the borders of strawberry fields, where it was found in copula at that date, and also on the 16th and 1th of the same month. Specimens transferred to breed- ing cages at Normal were also seen -Copulating as late as May 13 and 20. Confined in the breeding cage, these beetles ate freely of the leaves of the primrose, soon killing one of the plants exposed to them, but refused to touch the strawberry, those plants placed with them on the 19th April having been uninjured May 25. No eggs were found in our breeding cages, nor did any larve develop in the jars of earth contaiing the plants on which the adults were feeding. The primrose species certainly hibernates as an adult, laying its eggs in spring, the old imagos living at least until midsummer ; but the further life history is unknown. As its occurrence in strawberry fields may sometimes needlessly alarm the strawberry grower, the distinguishing characters of the species are worthy of mention. In nebulosus (from the strawberry) the form is thicker, the thorax more convex dorsally and less rugose at the sides, and the elytra much more closely punctured. Counting from the sutures to the humeral tuberosity there are seven or eight more or less distinct rows of punctures in nebulosus, and about fifteen such rows in pubescens. ee 83 ARTICLE II.—ON A FEW GRAPE INSECTS. 1. Petrophora diversilineata, Hubn. This insect, well known as injurious to the grape, has here- tofore been considered single brooded (except possibly in extreme southern latitudes) and supposed to winter in the larval stage, but an observation made last year indicates that it is double brooded in Southern Illinois. Larve collected on the grape in Union county, September 13, 1884, were found in the imago stage in the breeding cage February 7, 1885, although the date of their appearance is not known. In Dr. Packard’s Monograph of the Phalenide of North America, the occurrence of the imago is recorded in New York and Massachusetts from July 3 to August 17, and our autumnal larve must conse- quently have been the descendants of that brood. 2. The VineE-Lovine Fruit Fry. (Drosophila ampelophila, Loew.) Order Diprzra. Family Drosopnmips. (Plate IX. Figs. 1-3.) From Mr. A. Williams, of Moline, Illinois, I received, October 10, a bunch of grapes containing great numbers of a white footless maggot by which most of the berries had been hollowed out, with ° the information that this insect was making havoc with most of the grapes in his vicinity. These specimens were bred and yielded great numbers of the above common pomace fly—one of the most abun- dant species in orchards in autumn, when the fallen fruit is rotting upon the ground. This fly likewise swarms around cider mills, the larve breeding in vast numbers in the pomace. In a later note Mr. Williams remarks: “This maggot has nearly ruined the entire crop in this locality. It began on the vines about four years ago.” This species, first described in 1862 by Loew, has been sey- eral times noticed by economic entomogists,—chiefly by Lintner and Comstock, the former of whom published an article upon it in his first report as State Entomologist of New 84 York (1882), and the latter, an illustrated article in the Report of the Entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture for the same year. By Lintner the species was treated chiefly on account of its injuries to preserved fruits, and was by him given the name of the pickled-fruit fly. Prof. Comstock describes and illustrates the species fully, less with reference to its own injuries than for the purpose of enabling the fruit grower to distinguish it clearly from the apple maggot—-a very much more destructive insect. The fly is of wide distribution, occurring throughout Middle and. Southern Europe and Southern Africa, as well as over Hastern North America. It is, in August, September, and October, one of the most numerous of species, wherever an abundant fruit supply is accessible, as it multiplies rapidly by many successive generations. By Prof. Comstock, each of the three preliminary stages—egg, larva, and pupa—is reported to continue from three to five days, and in some cases the fly begins to deposit its eggs when not more than two days old, the entire generation thus completing its cycle within less than a fortnight. By both Lintner and Comstock the fact of its injury to grapes is mentioned upon the authority of correspondents, the first remarking in a foot note, that examples of the fly had been received by him from the Rev. Samuel Lockwood, of Freehold, New Jersey, with the statement that the larve had infested his ripe grapes during the autumn of 1881. Prof. Comstock’s information of this habit was obtained from a.correspondent in New York, who reported the larve to eat out completely the inside of the grapes ‘‘which while hanging on the vines, have first been picked open by birds. The decaying juices running out on the other berries of the cluster, spread decay and thus give more foothold for the larve. Indeed, the larve bore from one grape to another, while the imagos are constantly, by eggs, putting in new colonies until the cluster is nearly or quite destroyed, nothing remaining but the empty grape skins.” By Prof. Lintner, the same species was bred from jars of pickled plums to which the adults had doubtless got access while depositing their eggs. No natural enemies of this species are thus far known, and it is not easy to suggest feasible remedies for its injuries in the vine- - yards. Unquestionably the practice of enclosing the clusters in paper bags, as is customary for protecting grapes from rot and birds, would be effective against these insects also; and it will doubtless be decidedly to the interest of the vine erower to prevent the accumulation of decaying and fermenting fruit about his prem- ises where the larve may breed. Tor Grape Lear Mire. (Phytoptus vitis, Landois.) Order Acartna. Family Payroprip™. The occurrence in the vineyards of Europe of a microscopic leaf mite, first described by Landois under the above name, has been known for a number of years, the injury resulting. being conspicuous 85 and serious, and amounting in fact to one of the established and recognized diseases of the vine; but in this country nothing of the sort has hitherto been reported. On the 15th May, in a vineyard near Normal, belonging to the Phcenix nursery, I observed two grape vines of the variety known as “Taylor’s Bullet,” the leaves of which were curiously curled and crumpled, on some of the vines scarcely a leaf remaining unaffected. A careful examination of the injured surfaces under a microscope, demonstrated the existence on the under surface of the leaves, of considerable numbers of a minute Phytoptus having the general appearance of that described from European vineyards; and a further search in this vineyard showed a large number of other vines more or less seriously affected, some rows of young Clintons being in fact so extensively diseased that hardly a leaf could be found which did not give evidence of the presence of the mite. Upon Concords immediately adjoining, and other thick-leaved and woolly varieties, there seemed to be neither trace of the injury nor ‘of the Phytoptus.. It is possible, however, that the mites were actually present on these leaves, but that these varieties were not susceptible to injury by them. Owing to the thick felt of hairs upon the leaf surface, it would have been extremely difficult to demonstrate the mites even if they had been present in considerable numbers. The injury presents the form of peculiar warty elevations upon the upper surface of the leaf, and corresponding depressions on the under surface, these varying in size from one-twentieth to one-tenth of an inch in diameter, although adjacent elevations are frequently fused into irregular patches of much greater size. The larger veins of the leaf did not share in this deformity, and the effect was a distortion such as might result from a shortening of these veins and the consequent folding and crumpling of the leaf. The diseased leaves were much smaller than natural, and were fre- quently more or less folded together lengthwise, and the edges were also sometimes considerably incurved. On the older foliage, where the injury was of longer standing, the elevations on the upper sur- face were more or less browned or reddened, but when fresh they were still the natural green of the plant. Many elevated spots upon these leaves were pale, sometimes almost transparent, owing to the defective formation of the chlorophyll—a complete demonstration of the interference with the function of the leaf and the consequent effect upon the vigor of the plant, produced by these parasites. The European writers describe and figure a peculiar development of abnormal hairs (technically called an erineum) upon the concave surfaces of the diseased patches on the leaves, but in the Clintons and Taylors nothing of this sort occurred, the inner surfaces of the cecidii (as these morbid elevations are called) being entirely smooth and destitute of pubescence of every kind. It is possible that the absence of an erineum was due to the early period at which the injury was observed, but I think it more likely that it is to be ac- counted for either as due to the difference in species of the Ameri- ean and the European grapes and the consequent difference in the reaction of the leaf from the injuries inflicted, or else that the species of Phytoptus occurring here is not actually identical with 86 the European leaf mite—a supposition in favor of which I shall adduce some further proof. It is worthy of remark that upon even the worst infested plants at Normal the youngest or smallest leaves were usually quite uninjured. This same mite was subsequently found by my assistant, Mr. Garman, upon wild grapes in Southern Illinois, producing upon the leaves there an identical deformity. It seems extremely improbable that the European species could have been conveyed to this coun- try and have become so wide spread as to reach the wild vines in forests without having hitherto attracted attention in vineyards; and I am consequently inclined to believe that the vineyard mite of America has spread in the reverse direction—that it is a native species probably belonging to our wild vines, and has from them entered our vineyards. Indeed microscopic study of the mite itself discovers some minor points in which it disagrees with the figures and descriptions of the Kuropean Phytoptus vitis. ‘The body is less strictly cylindrical, and the lateral branches of the tarsal plume are less numerous. The descriptions of the European forms by Landois and Briosi are however so inconsistent with each other (the original description of Landois giving, for example, one hundred and twenty as the num- ber of abdominal rings, and that of Briosi from sixty to sixty-six)’ that it is impossible to make an intelligent comparison of our form with theirs without authentic specimens. I have consequently treated our species under the old specific name. The specimens examined by me varied in length from .45 to .64 of an inch, and in greatest diameter from .014 to .019 of an inch. The body is broadest immediately behind the legs and thence tapers. regularly, as seen from above, to the posterior extremity. The rings number about sixty-five; the tarsal plume has certainly but four lateral filaments, and not ‘five, as reported for Phytoptus vitis by both Briosi and Landois. Plant diseases due to Phytopti have hitherto been controlled only by the use of sulphur, the ‘method being described in my First Re- port, page 142. As such applications are already in use for fungus affections of the grape leaf, they will doubtless be found conveniently applicable for Phytopti 1 the vineyard. 87 ARTICLE IJI.—ON NEW INSECT ENEMIES OF THE BLACK- BERRY AND RASPBERRY. - 1. THe Buacksperry Lear MINER. (Metallus rubi, gen. et sp. nov.) Order Hymenoptera. Family TrenrHrepinip™. (Plate IX. Fig. 7.) On the 12th August, at Normal, Mr. Garman found mining the leaves of cultivated blackberries, small white larve with brown heads, which transformed early in September to small saw flies, one spec- imen emerging on the 9th and another on the 10th of that month. The transformations occurred in the earth, the larve having deserted the leaves as early as September 6. DESCRIPTION OF GENUS. Anterior tibiz with a single spine, other tibiwe with two; antenne nine-jointed, third joint longer than the fourth, but not twice as long. Head short, about as wide as the thorax; the latter subglobular; anterior wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells, the basal marginal the smaller, the first submarginal curved, longer than the second, the third largest of all; lanceolate cells petiolate. \ DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Imago. —Head, thorax, and abdomen shining black, clothed with short. yellowish pubescence ; antennee sparingly pubescent, strongly compressed, third joint about five and a half times the length of the fourth, fourth and fifth equal, sixth, seventh, and eighth successively a little shorter, the ninth longer than the eighth ; legs pale, all the femora and the posterior tibize fuscous ; wings smoky, almost black, wing veins black, but slightly tinged with fulvous. Length, 3.5 mm. expanse, 8.5 mm. Described from two specimens bred from blackberry leaves. Larva.—The larva is 8.5 mm. in length by 1.25 mm. in _ breadth, cylindrical, skin minutely roughened. The second and third thoracic segments and the first abdominal are much thickened vertically, giving a convex dorsal outline to this region. From the second 88 thoracic segment the outline slopes rapidly downward to the front, the head being wedge shaped, viewed laterally, and only about half the depth of the second segment. The head is flat beneath, slightly rounded above, about two-thirds as wide as the thorax; antennze and mouth parts very short; eyes wanting. The color is brown both above and beneath. First thoracic segment trapezoidal, viewed laterally ; a large brown chitinous prosternal area extending forward to the mouth parts and laterally to the legs; a brown patch upon the dorsum of this segment. Small brown chitinous sternal areas to the two succeeding thoracic segments, and a still smaller one on the first abdominal. Legs very short, not longer than their respective segments; pro- legs fourteen in number, (counting the two anals), having the form of low, flattened tubercles, each with a brown chitinous patch upon the outer part. The pair of anal prolegs are nearly encircled by ‘two dark brown chitinous arcs. Segments of the body deeply separated; sides with two lateral rows of obscure tubercles; spiracles brown, minute, except the first on the middle of the first thoracic segment, which is larger and is surrounded by a small brown chitinous patch. Described from a single specimen taken from the blackberry leaf. 2. Lophoderus velutinanus, Walk. From leaf rollers of the blackberry, collected at Normal, June 30, specimens of this species were obtained July 10 to 18. ‘The food plants heretofore recorded for it are oak, balsam fir, and maple. 3. Pyrrhia umbra, Hubn. Order Leripoptera, Family Noctums. (Plate X. Hig: 1. Late in May and early in June we found repeatedly, feeding upon leaves of blackberry at Normal, large whitish larve, with a lemon- yellow band upon tie sides, and numerous conspicuous small black — tubercles upon each segment. Numbers of specimens were bred, re- sulting in orange- brown moths of the above species. LITERATURE. This species, common to this country and to EKurope, has been repeatedly noticed in American entomological publications, most of the references to it, however, being of a purely technical sort. Under the name of Heliothis exprimens, it is mentioned by Grote and Robinson in their descriptions of American Lepidoptera,* with some remarks on its distribution and synonomy. In 1878, the authors catalogued it as Chariclea exprimens.t * Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. ITI, p. 180. + Transactions American Entomological Society, Vol. 1V, page 432. 89 In the Seventh Report of the State Entomologist of [linois, that for 1878, the occurrence of the species at Carbondale is noted by Prof. French, brief descriptions of larva and imago are given, and mention is made of its injuries to the rose. A description of a larva of an allied species, Pyrrhia angulata, (according to some authors identical. with this), was given by Mr. Coquillet in the first volume of Papilio (1881). In Volume X of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1883), Mr. J. B. Smith figures the fore wing of both these species, (considering angulata a variety of umbra), and quotes Mr. Coquillet’s description of the larva of the former. By Smith the species is placed under the genus Chariclea. On page 259 of the same volume, Mr. A. R. Grote objects to this generic assignment and insists upon Pyrrhia as the proper generic name for the species, not considering Chariclea a homogeneous group, as defined by its author. He- also insists upon the specific distinctness of angulata. In the third volume of Papilio, pages 135-86, Messrs. Edwards and Elliot give descriptions of the full-grown larva and pupa of this species under the name of Pyrrhia exprimens, and mention Desmodiwm as a food plant. DESCRIPTION.» Larva.—The full-grown larva is 1.86 inches in length, pale bluish white above and greenish beneath, with a bright lemon-yellow stripe along the side, including the stigmata, and above this a pale bluish stripe of about the same width heavily bordered with black above and beneath. The dorsal and sub-dorsal regions are pinkish bluish white, marked with irregular specks and lines having a tendency to arrange themselves in five black stripes most conspicuous on the second and third thoracic segments. The head is pale chestnut, inclined to orange; cervical shield nearly covered by eight large square black blotches in two rows of four each, the middle blotches of the posterior row being much the largest of all; abdominal segments each with four large conspicuous piliferous black tubercles upon the dorsum, one in front of the spiracle, one just below the edge of the yellow stripe, and another above the base of the proleg. The jointed legs are all black, prolegs shining black without and dusky at the tip. The anal segment is widely bordered with black posteriorly, and a broad black patch extends forward from the middle of this arc. On the two segments preced- ing this, the dorsal piiferous tubucles are much more conspicuous than elsewhere. Spiracles black. Pupa.—The pupa is three-fourths of an inch in length, shining, dark brown, the spiracles slightly darker, surface smooth except for some large punctures on the abdominal segments; abdomen termi- nating in two slender, slightly hooked spines. Imago.—The front wings and thorax of the imago are brownish orange, varied with yellowish, hind wings pale yellow at base, brown- ish red on posterior half. KExamined with a glass the brown color of the front wings is seen to be irrorate with reddish scales. Trans- verse anterior line red, zigzag with three angulations; orbicular well marked, of the ground color of the wing ringed with red. Middle 90 transverse line distinct, obtusely angulated opposite the reniform spot, the posterior boundary of which it reaches, thus running obli- quely to the posterior margin. At the angle of this line is an ob- secure reddish shade which invades the reniform spot. Posterior transverse line broader than the others, oblique, nearly black. Between this and the subterminal line is a purple shade, heaviest inward. The latter line is irregularly scalloped, being den- tate on the veins. A slender terminal line; fringes purple whitish at base, costa with two oblique white marks in the vicinity of the transverse line or between that and the subterminal. Fringe of posterior wings white, slightly tinged with purplish; under surface of both wings pale yellow, with purple shades corres- ponding to those of the upper surface, and a purple spot representing the reniform. DISTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY. This species has been reported from Canada to Pennsylvania and Illinois, occurring in the last throughout the whole State. Speci- mens found upon blackberries, May 28, pupated about June 15 and commenced to emerge on the 5th July, the last of this lot appear- ing August 21. Another specimen entered the earth July 10, and emerged on the 18th August. With Prof. French of Carbondale, larve obtained early in June had all entered the earth on the 19th, and emerged from August 5 to 31. On the other hand, larve of Pyrrhia angulata (not impossibly identical with this) obtained by Coquillet from smartweed (Polygonum pennsylvanicum) September 15, entered the earth on the 27th and disclosed the imagos on the 22d May of the following year, and a few days thereafter. It is conse- quently possible that this species is two brooded. INJURIES TO VEGETATION. The injuries to vegetation noted thus far, are confined to the worthless plants Desmodium and Polygonum, and to the rose and the blackberry. By Prof. French, in Jackson county, the young larve, when about half an inch in length, were noticed eating and disfiguring roses, feeding within the flower rather than on the out- side, and seeming to prefer the bases of the petals. At Normal, as already mentioned, the larve were found only upon the blackberry, devouring’ the leaves. The damage was occasionally decidedly serious, in some cases nearly every cane bearing one or more of the larve. These were feeding upon the tender leaves near the ends of the stalks, in company with Oxyptilus delavaricus. 91 4. Tue Raspperry Puume Mors. (Oxyptilus delavaricus, Zeller.) Order Lepipoprera. Family PreropHorip™. (Plate X. Fig. 2.) Late in May we found occasionally at Normal, feeding upon the leaves of the blackberry, a very peculiar, small green larva, having a general resemblance to the raspberry slug, (Selandria rubi), but belonging to the Lepidoptera. This larva, new to us when first observed, was determined by breeding to be that of the plume moth, Oxyptilus delavaricus, of the family Pterophoride. This insect has already been noticed in Saunders’ Insects In- jurious to Fruits (pp. 314 and 315), where figures af the larva and imago are given, and all these stages are briefly described, but the species is not there identified. For the determination of the speci- mens bred by me | am indebted to Prof. Fernald, of Orono, Maine. The larva, when full grown, is about .4 of an inch long, of a pale ereen color, sometimes slightly streaked with. pale yellow; with a single transverse row of six large tubercles to each segment, each tubercle bearing a spreading cluster of stiff spines which are slightly emarginate at their tips. The dorsal rows of tubercles are larger than those upon the sides, and the spines upon the former (six or eight in number) are likewise the longest of all. Scattered spines also occur elsewhere on the body. The prolegs of this larva are of very unusual form. They arise from thick wart-lhke bases, and extend downward a distance equal to two-thirds the depth of the body, as smooth, straight, slender, tapering appendages, which expand suddenly at their tips. The posterior pair of these prolegs, however, thicker than the others, are beset with spines. The tarsal joints of the articulated legs are similarly slender, tapering, and elongate, and each terminates with a movable claw capable of shutting back against the tip of the extremity. The head is yellowish, smooth, with a few long bristles in front, mouth parts dusky, thoracic legs nearly black, the abdominal pro- legs pale at base, but rapidly darkening and becoming black on the distal half. The pupa is green when fresh, angular, margined on each side with a whitish ridge, and with a double row of clusters of stout branched spines along the back. The abdomen is slender and acute ; the wing pads extend three-fourths the length of the body, the head and thorax being decurved so as to give the front of the pupa an obliquely truncate outline. The back of the thorax is beset with rather slender simple spines; wing pads and under surface of the body smooth except for a thick transverse tuft of hairs upon the middle of the under side of the abdomen, a short distance behind the tip of the wing pads. Leneth 8 mm. 92 General color of the imago, chocolate brown; antenne black, specked with white internally; thorax brown, with a white collar and a curious metallic purple reflection. The abdomen is brown, white at the base, and variously white-specked above, almost wholly white beneath. The fore wings are of the general color, minutely specked with bluish white, especially along the costa, and crossed by two trans- verse white bands beyond the origin of the fissure, the inner of which is the wider, although both are frequentiy reduced to narrow lines, or occasionally obsolete. The fringe of each lobe of this wing is black, with a large cream-colored patch at the apex, except that that of the posterior lobe is white on the proximal half. The slender posterior lobe of the hind wing is brown at the base, white in the middle, and black on the terminal third, except for a cream- colored patch upon the fringe of the apex. The markings beneath repeat substantially those of the upper surface. Specimens obtained May 28, pupated on the leaves from June 2 to 11. They commenced to emerge on the 13th, and had completed their transformations by the 18th of that month. = 93 ARTICLE IV. ON THE SPECKLED CUTWORM AS A CABBAGE WORM. (Agrotis c-nigrum L.) Order Leprpoptera. Family Nocruipm. (Plate X. Fig. 3.) Several times during the last. three years, my attention has been called to a large brownish gray caterpillar, marked with oblique black dashes upon the posterior part of the back, found in June and July boring the heads of early cabbage. The character of the injury inflicted was much more serious than that done by the com- mon cabbage worm, (Pieris rape), not only because of the larger size of the caterpillars but especially because of their habit of im- mediately penetrating the head and mining in all directions, a single larva thus destroying the head more completely and in less time than would scores of the ordinary cabbage worm. This caterpillar was by us determined as the larva of Agrotis c-nigrum, a common noctuid moth, a determination verified later, several times, by breed- ing. This is one of the common cutworms, feeding habitually upon grass and upon a great variety of vegetables, but whose injuries to cabbages have been hitherto unnoticed by economic entomologists, as far as I am aware, except those done to the young plants by a brood of the larve preceding that which attacks the full-grown cab- bage. Our observations on the injury noted have been confined to the vicinity of Normal, with the exception of a single report from Dr. E. R. Boardman, of Stark county, accompanied by specimens of the cutworms which he found eating holes in the heads of his cabbages and causing them to rot. He reported them in July of the present year as quite common on his heads of cabbage and on those of his neighbors. DESCRIPTION. The typical full-grown larva has the following characters : It is 1.2 inches in length by 0.2 inch in width at the widest part of the body, and is much narrowed anteriorly, the first segment be- ing less than half the width of those at the middle of the body. Posteriorly, the diameter hardly lessens, so that the body is obliquely truncate behind. 94 The general color varies from greenish to fawn, freshly moulted specimens being bright green. In a mature specimen the fawn color is plainly mottled with black and white. ‘here is a delicate obscure dorsa! line of white, more or less evidently bordered by a darker shade, deepest upon the incisions, producing an appearance of obseure black points. From these points oblique lines pass for- ward and outward across the dorsal space to the subdorsal line, these lines being paler than the ground color and bordered anteriorly with black. These black dashes become more conspicuous on the posterior segments than the accompanying pale lines, and are there converted into oblique triangular blotches. In some examples these blotches are evident the whole length of the body. The subdorsal space is more densely varied with black than the dorsal, giving the sides a darker tint, but the ground color is the same. The lower part of the subdorsal space is more distinctly eray than the upper. A narrowish white stigmatal line margins the sub-stigmatic space above; this latter being a reddish drab, variegated with whitish. The venter and prolegs are slightly paler and reddish. The head is reddish brown, with two pale brown longitudinal lines. The stigmata are white, ringed with black. The cervical shield is in- conspicuous and colored like the body. The piliferous tubercles are small, and the hairs short. In some specimens the lower border of the subdorsal space is marked by a row of longitudinal black dashes. The subdorsal space itself is decidedly darker, and the sub-stigmatic space is a yellowish tint. The pupa is seven-eighths inch long by two-eighths inch in great- est diameter, reddish brown, fote part opaque, segments of abdo- men roughened at articulations, otherwise smooth and _ shining. Abdomen terminating in two slender spines, with two minute spi- nules at their bases, one on each side. LIFE HISTORY. Our data indicate at least two broods of the species, and there is possibly a later one also. The larve have appeared in our collec- tions from April 24 to May 6, and again in the middle of. July. Those taken in April pupated from the 26th of that month to the 6th May, the imagos emerging from the 10th May to the tm - te , = 4 ae - + * : 7 ar D e At oe 2 = - a + S *. > + < ie. z t eae hs = ats > = + « é , - . . £ " x ec = Pa »: ‘ , . — = xi : > CONTENTS. PAGE NERO UGC HOM eee eariosiee oinieials «awe merci seta taceen ice etess coccivwislecicewwine ome cetesoaesculeee ae emeees Vi Systemati ciistiolispocies: 2. cu. 1- sass see cmeeciis visee cic sec eee ale os suncsncncesisisis eechaleisiee see etacier IX GoenerallinG@exctOnNsectsn-co.cs seccot amare eecateas osiseevc on cecscecloctce cs aussecnaeeriaccoeen meee I Generaliindexstowtoodsplantst.cecsscaece ees naeck oroe ce icacc cs saseuinid: aaccusdtenteaeecesceeceeeoree 69 General indexto remedies; naturalvandcantifictal-s-scscsc.ccsccececceenseceecesenea eee eneeee 95 EN Cer. al / 7 ath Ling? a Ve et ar * iat ; ls ne vi as Milter, i = a ys da IN ODUCRON The office of State Entomologist of Illinois was established by an act of the Legislature, approved and in force March 9, 1867, by which the Governor was authorized to appoint ‘“‘by and with the consent of the Senate some competent scientific person as State Entomologist, who shall hold the appointment for two years and until his successor shall be appointed.” This officer was required to investigate the entomology of Illinois, and particularly to study “the history of the insects injurious to the products of the horticul- turists and agriculturists of the State;” and was directed to ‘collect and preserve a cabinet of insects to be deposited at the Illinois In- dustrial University.” He was required to ‘‘prepare a report of his researches and discoveries in entomology for publication by the State annually ;’ and his salary was fixed at the sum of $2000 per annum. The first appointee under this law was Benjamin Dane Walsh, of Rock Island, nominated by Governor Oglesby, June 11, 1867, at an extra session of the Legislature. The Senate, however, declined to act on the Governor’s nominations at this special session, adopting, June 13, a resolution postponing such action until the next regular, meeting of the General Assembly, and Mr. Walsh's appointment was therefore not completed. He nevertheless entered at once on the duties of the office, and prepared a report for the year 1867 as ‘‘Acting State Ento- mologist,” which he submitted, not to the Governor, but to the State Horticultural Society. This report was published in 1858 as an appendix to Volume I of the new series of the Transactions of the Society (for 1867), and an unknown number of copies were also issued separately, in pamphlet form, with a slightly different title page. At the next regular session of the Legislature, an act was passed “for the relief of the State Entomologist” (in force March <5, 1&69) which recoonized Mr. Walsh’s appointment ‘‘and the faithful dis- charge of his full duties from the date of his nomination,” directed “that he should receive the compensation provided by the statute under which he was appointed, as full compensation for his services sap and after June 11, 1867, and until otherwise provided ‘by aw.” On the 12th November, 1869, Mr. Walsh died from the effects of a railway accident, without presenting any other report than that for 1867, already mentioned. VI INTRODUCTION. His successor was William LeBaron, of Geneva, Kane Co., ap- pointed April 2, 1870. LeBaron’s First Annual Report, the second of the series, counting that of Walsh as the first, was for the year 1870, and was published in August, i871 as a separate pamphlet, the first edition, printed in February, having been destroyed by fire before publication. I have not been able to as certain that it was published in any other form. Le Baron’s Second Report, number three of the series, covered the year 1871, and was published in 1872 in Vol. III. of the Reports made to the General Assembly at its 'wenty-seventh Session, con- vened January 4, 1871; and also as an appendix to the Transactions of the Illinois Horticultural Society for the year 1871. His Third Report (the fourth from the office), for the year 1872, was published during the following year in the Reports made to the General Assembly for the session of 18/3. It consisted of two parts, the first devoted to injurious insects simply, and the second, paged separately, consisting of an introduction to general and economic entomology, intended to prepare the way for a series of systematic repcrts on the several orders of insects. The Fourth (and last) Report of Dr. Le Baron, cited in the fol- lowing index as the fifth of the series, consisted of a reprint of Part II, of the preceding Report, followed by a systematic treatise on the order Coleoptera, paged continuously with the foregoing, the whole being issued as the Report for 1873. It was printed in the appendix to the Transactions of the State Horticultural Society for that year, and was also issued separately as an independent volume, copy- righted by the author. Although Dr. Le Baron continued in office until the expiration of his term, April 9, 1875, no report seems to have been presented for the year 1874. His successor, Cyrus Thomas, was appointed April 138, 1875. In the meantime the Legislature had, by an act ‘‘to change the fiscal year,” approved March 29, 1875, and in force July 1 of that year, directed that the reports cf a number of State officers, includ- ing the State Entomologist, should be rendered to the Governor on or before the first day of November in the year 1876, and biennially thereafter, closing with the fiscal year preceding each regular session of the General Assembly; and had further directed that no other annual or biennial report should be made by any of the officers mentioned. Dr. Thomas’s First Report (the Sixth of the State Ento- mologist) was rendered, in accordance with this law, towards the close of the year 1876, and related to that year and the preceding. It 18 styled the “Sixth Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois. oP hirst Biennial Report, by Cyrus Thomas, Ph. D., State aicmaslopiat of {lhnois.” This Report was published in the 'Trans- actions of the State Department of Agriculture for 1876 (Vol. 14). Notwithstanding the direction above cited with respect to the period to be covered by the successive reports of the Entomologist, the Legislature passed, during the session of 1877, an act, approved and in force May 25 of that year, authorizing the State Board of Agriculture to append to and publish with their Annual Report the INTRODUCTION. Vil Annual Report of the State Entomologist,* and repealing all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with that in which the above authoriza- tion is given, 80 far as the same related to the State Board of Agri- culture. This law was interpreted by Dr. Thomas to make it the duty of the State Entomologist to report annually instead of bien- nially, and his Second Report (the seventh in all) was consequently rendered in 1877, and related to the work of that year. It was printed, as authorized by the above law, as an appendix to the Report of the State Department of Agriculture, and two hundred copies are understood to have been issued separately in pamphlet form. The succeeding Reports, from the Eighth to the Eleventh, (from the third to the sixth of Thomas), have a similar history, all being annually published as appendices to the Agricultural Report of the corresponding year, and issued separately to the number of two hundred copies. These appendices are all paged separately, and are not mentioned upon the title page of the Report of the Depart- ment nor in the lettering upon the back of the volume. The Eleventh Report (for 2881) was the last by Dr. Thomas, as he tendered his resignation early in 1882, to take effect June 30, of that year. The present incumbent, Stephen Alfred Forbes, was appointed July 3, 1882, and his first Report, the ‘Twelfth of the office and the last here indexed, although made as for the entire year then current, actually related only to the latter half of it. To complete the record of the office to the date of writing, it may be added that the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Reports, for the years 1883 and 1884, were printed, like the preceding, as appendices to the Transactions of the State Department of Agriculture for the corresponding years, and that the usual editions of two hundred copies each were issued separately. No office accommodations have ever been furnished the State Entomologist by the State, and the location of the office has con- sequently varied with the personal residence of the Kntomologist,— that. of Mr. Walsh at Rock Island, of Dr. LeBaron at Geneva, of Dr. Thomas at Carbondale, and that of Prof. Forbes, at first at the State Normal University, at Normal, but transferred to the Illinois Industrial University, at Champaign, at the beginning of the current year. The first legislative appropriation to the State Entomologist for any expenses other than those of salary and the bare publication of his reports, was made at the session of 1873, when $700 was appropriated for the illustration of the reports of Dr. LeBaron for the years 1872 and 1873, and for the necessary stationery and postage stamps to be used in the performance of his- official duties. Dr. LeBaron had received, however, previous to this time, from the contingent fund of the Governor, the sum of $2,685, *This provision was reiterated in 1883, in the amended law relating to the State Board of Agriculture. VIII INTRODUCTION. $2,500 of which was intended and used for the purchase of the Walsh Collection of Insects, afterwards destroyed in the Chicago fire. The next special appropriation to the office was made as an item in the appropriation bill for the State Laboratory of Natural His- tory at Normal for the years 1888 and 1884, by which $500 per annum was assigned to the office and incidental expenses of the State Entomologist. No provision has ever been made for a library for the Entomolo- gist, or for a collection of the insects of the State for his use other than that required by law to be deposited with the State Industrial University. The incidental association of the office of State Entomologist with that of Director of the State Laboratory of Natural History, brought about by the appointment of the latter officer to the former office in 1882, has, however, given to the State Entomologist command of the resources of the State Laboratory of Natural History, including its entomological collections and library, and has enabled him, since the above date, to draw upon the corps of assistants of this establishment for a large amount of important service. The scope and variety of the fourteen reports of this office are sufficiently indicated by the voluminous lists and indexes necessary to give convenient access to their contents. In volume they far exceed the literature of the economic entomology of any other State, amounting in all to 2,°58 pages, of which 104 have been contri- buted by Walsh, 419 by LeBaron, 1,187 by Thomas, and 648 by Forbes. They may broadly be said to contain four classes of mat- ter,—(1) original contributions to entomology, chiefly prepared with reference to economic applications, characteristic especially of the first four and the last three reports; (2) treatises on the classifica- tion of single orders of insects, as in the 5th and 6th Reports (Coleoptera), the 7th and 10th (Lepidoptera), the 8th (Homoptera especially Aphides), and the 9th (Orthoptera) ; (8) full summaries of existing knowledge respecting the most important injurious insects, as the Hessian fly and the army worm; and (4) monographs of all the insect enemies of a single crop, as of the insects affecting the strawberry, in the 18th report. Probably no one conversant with the facts can doubt that the State Entomologists of Illinois have devoted themselves faithfully and with distinguished success (far, in fact, beyond their rather meager opportunities) to the ‘‘investigation of the Entomology of Illinois, and particularly to the history of the insects injurious to ue wr ogucts of the agriculturists and the horticulturists of the ate. CuHampaten, Inu., June 30, 1885. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIKS, ARTHROPODA. INSECTA. (iv, 203; vi, 65, appendix.) HYMENOPTERA. (iv, 25; v,25; vi, 71; x, 63.) ScoLIADm. Tiphia inornata, Say, vi, 100. ICHNEUMONID®. Ichneumon suturalis, Say,x, 41. Pezomaehus minimus, Walsh, x, 40. Ophion purgatus. Say, x,4l. Puniseus geminatus, Say. vii, 218. Mesoehorus vitreus, Walsh, x,39. Pimpla conquisitor, Say, vii, 119. BRACONIDS. Microdes earinodes, Cres , xi. 18. Microgaster glomeratus, Linn., ix, 20. militaris, Walsh. x.38. Aphidius avenaphis. Fitch, viil, 176. laetueaphis, Fiteh, viii, 175. polygonanphis, Fiteh, viii, 175. viburnaphis, Fitch, viii, 175. Trioxys eerasaphis, Fiteh, viii, 176. populaphis, Fitch, viii, 176. saliecaphis, Fiteh viii, 176. Toxares tritigaphis, Fitch, viii, 176. PROCTOTRUPIDE. Platygaster leeanii, Smith, vii, 129. CHALCIDIDS. Chaleis albifrons, Walsh. x. 40. Haltichella perpulehra, Walsh, x,39 (Hock- eria perpulehra). ‘ *The names nsed in the following list, are those now enrrent. Eupelmus allyni, French,xi,73 (Isosoma allynii. Aphelinus mvtilaspidis, LeB., ii, 34. Glyphe virideseens, Walsh, x, 39. Pteromalus gelechiw, Webster, xii, 151. TENTHREDINIDZ. (x, 63.) Cimbex americana, Leach. var. laportei, Lepel, x, 65 (). laportei). Abia eaprifoliam. Norton, x, 66. eerasi, Fitch, x, 66. Pristiphora identidem, Norton, x, 69. grossulariz, Walsh, x, 69. rufipes, St. Farg., x, 70. Enura orbitalis, Norton, x, 69. salieis-ovum, Walsh, x, 69. saliecis-gemma, Walsh, x, 69. salieicola, Smith, x. 69. Nematus ventricosus, Klug, x, 68; xi, 46. ventralis, Say, x, 68. 1 salicis-pisum, Walsh, x. 68. SS trilineatus, Norton, x. 68. salieis-pomum, Walsh, x, 68. Emphytus maculatus, Norton, vii, 111; x,68. Dolerus arvensis, Sav, x, 67. Selandria rubi, Harr., vi, 61: x, 67. tilia. Norton. x, 67. cerasi, Peck, x, 67: xii, 98. rose. Harr.. ii. 79; x. 66. carye, Norton, x, 66. juglandis, Fi'ch, x, 67. Lophyrus abbotti, Leach, x,70. UROCERIDE. (x, 70.) Uroverus albicornis, Fabr., x, 71. abdominalis, Harr., x,71. Tremex columba, Linn., vi,4!; x,71. Where these differ from these nsed in the reports, the latter have been repeated in parenthesis,afler the page references. x LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. LEPIDOPTERA. (iv, 25; v,25; vi, 71; vii, 269; x, 72, 145.) Rhopaloceres. (vii, 269.) PAPILIONIDA. (vii, 135,269; x, 73.) Papilio ajax, Linn.., vii. 135; x.74. philenor, Linn., v i, 136; x, 73, 164. asterias, Fabr , vii, 1387; x, 74,173. troilus, Linn., vii. 188; x, 74. turnus, Linn., vii, 139; x, 74,173. ecresphontes, Cram., vii, 139; x, 75. Pierine, x. 76. Pieris monuste, Linn., ix. 32. beckeri, Edw., ix,28; 33 (P. protodice, var. beckerii). sisymbrii, Bd., ix, 28 34. oceidentalis, Reak., ix, 28, 34; ix, 29 (P. ealyee). protodice, Bd.-Le C., vii, 141; ix, 25, 28, 33; x, 76, 178. napi, Esper, vii, 143 (P. oleracea); ix, 28, 3h; ix, 26.28,29 (P. oleracea); ix. 28 (P. frigida); ix, 28,32 (P. venosa); x, 77 (P. oleracea). virginiensis, Edw., ix, 29. rape, Linn., vii, 144; ix, 8, 31; ix, 29(P. yreka); ix.29(P. rape, var. novanglie): ix,32(P. venosa, var. marginalis); x,77, 179; xi, 82; xii, 92. brassice, Linn., ix, 35. Callidrya= eubule, Linn., vii, 147; x, 78. Colias cxsonia, Stoll, x. 78. eurytheme, Bd., vii, 147; x, 78. philodice, Godt., vii, 147; x, 78. Terias nicippe, Cram., vii. 148; x, 79. lisa, Bd.-LeC., vii, 148; x, 79. NYMPHALID#. (vii, 148, 269.) Danais archippus, Fabr., vii, 149; x,79, 161. Nymphaline, x, 80. Agraulis vanilla, Linn., x, 80. Argynnis idalia, Dr., vii, 149; x, 81, 162. diana, Cram., vii. 119; x, 81. cybele, Fabr., vii. 150; x, 81. aphrodite, Fabr., vii. 150; x, 81. alcestis, Edw.., vii, 150; x, 82. atlantis, Edw., x, 82. egleis, Bd., x, 164. Mmyrina, Cram., x, 82,161. bellona, Fabr., x, 83, 183. Euptoieta claudia, Cram., vii, 150; x, 80. Melita pheton, Dr., x,83. baroni, H. Edw., x, 163. Phyciodes nyeteis, Doubl.-Hew,, x, 83 (Mel- ite#a nyecteis); x, 162 (P. harrisii); x, 165, tharos, Dr., vii, 151; x, 83 (Melitzea tharos); x, 163. Eresia texana, Edw., x, 164. Grapta interr: gationis, Fabr., vii, 151; x, 84, 164, comma, Harr., Vii, 152; x, 84, 163. fuunus, Edw., vii, 152; x, 84. gracilis, Gr., vii, 152. progne, Cram., ii,59 (Vanessa progne); x, 85. j-album, Bd.-LeC., x, 85. Vanessa antiopa, Linn., vii. 153; x, 85, 163. milberti, Godt., x,85 (Grapta milberti); x, 164, Pyrameis atalanta, Linn., vii, 153; x, 86. huntera, Dr., vii. 153; x, 6, 153. eardui, Linn., vii, 154; x, 87, 153. Junonia coenia, Hub., vii, 154 (J. lavinia); x, 87 (J. lavinia). Limenitis ursula, Fabr., vii, 154; x, 87, 162. arthemis, Dr., x, 88. disippus, Godt., vii, 154; x, 88, 162. Apatura celtis, Bd.-LeC., vii, 155;x, 88. elyton, Bd.-LeC., vii, 155; x, 89. Paphiatroglodyta, Fabr., vii, 156 (P. andria); x, 89(P. glyecerium). Debis portlandia, Fabr., x, 92. Neonympha eanthus, Bd.-LeC., x, 91. gemma, Hub., x,91. eurytris, Fabr., vii, 156; x. 90, 184. sosybius, Fabr., x, 91. Satyrine, x. 90 (Libythea wrongly ineluded.) Satyrus alope, Fabr., vii,156; vii,156 (S. nephele); x, 92; x, 92,180 (S. nephele). Libythea bachmanni. Kirtl., vii. 157; x, 90. Theela m-album, Bd.-LeC., x, 92. humuli, How., vii, 157; x, 92. acadiea, Edw., x. 93. ealanus, Hub., x, 93. strigosa, How., vil, 157; x, 92. smilacis, Bd.-LeC., x, 93. poeas, Hub., x, 93. irus, Godt.. x, 94. niphon, Hub., x, 94. titus, Fabr., x, 94. Chrysophonus thoe, Bd.-LeC., vii, 158; x, 95. hypophyieas, Bd., vii, 158/C. americana); x, 95 (C. americana.) LYCENIDR. (vii, 157, 270.) Lycena seudderi, Edw., x, 95. pseudaryiolus, Bd.-LeC., vii,158; x,95; x, 96 (L. neglecta). comyntas, Godt., vii, 158: x, 95. HESPERID®. (vii, 159, 270.) Aneyloxypha numitor, Fabr., x, 96. Pamphila zabulon, Bd.-LeC., x, 197 (Atry- tone hobomok.) sassacus, Seudd., vii, 159; x, 97. huron, Edw., vii, 159. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. XI Pamphila phylewus, Dr., x.96,176. otho, Sm.-Abb., vii, 160. peckius, Kirby, vii, 160; x, 178. mystic, Seudd., x, 97. cernes, Bd.-LeC., vii, 160. manataaqua, Seudd., vii, 160. metacomet, Harr., vii, 161. maculata, Edw., x, 176. palatka, Edw., x, 153. delaware, Edw., x, 96, 174. Ambliyscirtes vialis, Edw.. vii, 161. Pyrgus tessellata, Seudd.. vii, 161. Nisoniades lucilius, Lintn., vii, 161 (Thanaos lucilius); x, 97. juvenalis, Fabr., vii, 162 (Thanaos juve- nalis); x, 97. Pholisora eatullus, Fabr., vii, 162; x, 98. Eudamus pylades, Scudd.,x.98 (E.bathyllus.) bathyllus, Sm.-Abb., vii, 162. lycidas, Sm.-Abb., vii, 162. tityrus, Fabr., vii, 163; x, 98, 153. proteus, Linn., x, 184. Heteroceres. (vii, 269.) SPHINGID”. (vii, 163, 270; x, 99.) Hemaris tenuis, Gr., x. 159 (Sesia tenuis). diffinis, Boisd., vii,163 (Sesia diffinis); x, 99, 160, (S. diffinis). thysbe, Fab., vii,164 (Sesia thysbe); x, 98 (S. thysbe). Thyreus abboti. Swains., vii, 164; x, 100. Deilephila chameenerii, Harr., x, 159. lineata, Fabr., vii, 164; x, 100,159. Philampelus pandorus, Hubn., vii, 165; x, 101,175. achemon, Dr., vii, 165; x, 101, 182. Chceroecampa tersa, Linn., x, 159. Everyx myron, Cram., vii.166 (Darapsa Myron); x, 103 (Chcerocampa pampina- trix). Ampelophaga versicolor, Harr., x, 158 (Darapsa versicolor). Paonias exce:atus, Abb.-Sm., vii, 167 (Smerinthus exewcatus). Triptogon modesta, Harr., x.159 (Smerin- thus modestus). Cressonia juglandis, Sm.-Abb., vii, 167 (Smerinthus juglandis.) Ceratomia amyntor, Hub., vii 167; x, 102. Daremma undulosa, Walk., x, 102 (D. Bron- tes) 159 catalpew, Boisd., x.104 (Sphinx catalpe@.) Diludia jasminearum, Bd-L. C., x, 103. Phlegethontius carolina, Linn., vii, 168, (Ma- erosila Carolina); x, 103, 158. celeus, Hubn., vii, 169 (Ma@rosila5-macu- lata); x, 104 (M. 5-maculata.) cingulata, Fabr., x, 104, 158, (Macrosila eingulata.) Sphinx drupiferarum, Abb.-Sm., x, 104. Kalmie, Abb.-Sm., x, 104. chersis, Hubn., x, 105. gordius, Cram., x, 105 (Lethia gordius.) Ellema coniferarum, Abh.-Sm., x, 105. (Sphinx coniferarum.) bombyecoides, Walk., x, 105 (Sphinx har- risii.) pineum, Lintn., x. 105 (Sphinx pineum.) JEGERID &. (vii, 169, 270; x, 106.) Melittia ceto, Westw., vi, 41(igeria eucurbi- te); vii, 173 (ZK. cucurbite); x, 107 (A. cu- curbite.) Aleathoe caudatum, Harris, vii, 172 (geria eaudata); x, 108 (4. caudata.) Bembecia marginata, Harr.. vi, 40 (Hgeria rubi); vii, 175 (2X. rubi); x, 108 (2. rnbi.) Sciapteron polistiformis, Harr.,i,24 (4 geria polistiformis); vii, 171 (4k. polistiformis); x, 108 (2. polistiformis.) anthracipennis, Boisd., x, 109 (#geria anthracipennis.) Fatua denudata, Harr., x. 109 (#geria asili- pennis.) Podosesia syringe. Harr., vii, 174 (Aigeria syringe); x. 109 (AL. syringe.) Sannina exitiosa, say, vi, 38 (#igeria exiti- OSa); vii, 169; (4a. exitiosa); x, 107 (A. exiti- osa). /Egeria pictipes, G. & R., x. 109. pyri, Harr., vi, 40; vii, 170; x, 107. acerni, Clem., vi, 40; vii, 173: x, 108, tipuliformis, Linn., vi, 39; vii, 172; x, 107, 151. tiliz, Harr., x, 109. ZYGRNIDE. (vii, 176, 270; x, 110.) Alypia octomaculata, Fabr., vii. 176; x, 110, 172. Psvchomorpha epimenis, Dr., vii, 177; x, LT, 172: Endryas unio, Hubn.. vii 178; x, 111,173. grata. Fabr., vii. 179; x, 111,173. Seepsis fulvieollis, Hubn., vii, 179 (Ctenucha fulvicollis); x, 171. Ctenueha virginica, Chap., x, 170. Acoloithus falsarius, Clem., x, 112, Harrisina americana, Harr., vii, 179(Acoloi- thus americana); x, 112 (A. americana.) BOMBYCIDE. (vii, 179, 271; x, 1138.) Hypoprepia fucosa, Hubn., x, 184. Utetheisa bella, Linn.. vii, 180; x, 113, Callimorpha interrupto-marginuta, De B. vii 181. lecontei, Boisd., ii, 47(C.lecontei, var.ful- vicosta) vii, 180 C fulvicosta); vii, 181; x, 113; (C. fulvicosta); x, 114. XII Arctia nais, Dr., vii, 181 (A. phalerata); x, 115, 371 (A. phalerata). arge, Dr., vii, 182; x, 115.170. Pyrrharetia isabella, Abb -Sm., vii, 182; x, 115 (Aretia isabella); x, 169. Lenearctia vera, Sm., vil, 79, 183; x, 115 (Are- tia acre@a); x, 170. Spilosoma virginica, Fabr., vii, 80, 183; x, 116, 176. Hyphantria textor, Harr., ii, 18; vii, 111, 185; x. 116. Euchetes collaris, Fiteh, x, 169. Eepantheria seribonia, Stell, vii, 184; x, 116. Hualesidota tessellata, Abb.-Sm., vii, 185; x, 116, 168. carve. Harr., x, 168. Orgyia leucosigma, Abb.-Sm.., ii, 18; vii, 185; X, 166; xii. 100. Parorgyia ¢lintonii, G. and R., x, 165, parallela, G. and R., x, 166. Empretia stimulea, Clem.. vii, 187; x,117. Limacodes fasciola, H.-S.. vii, 187 (L. lati- elavia); x, 117 (L. latielavia) Thyridopteryx ephemereformis, Steph., vii. AS7s x, LISs xa LOL: Peropbora melsheimerii, Harr., x, 156. Datana ministra, Dr., iv, 156; vii, 159; x, 119, J67. perspicua, G. & R., x, 119. Edema albifrons, Abb.-Sm., vii, 191; x, 120. (demasia concinna, Abb.-Sm., vii, 190 (Notodonta eoneinna); x, 119(N. concinna). Coelodasys unicornis, Abb.-Sm., vii, 191 (Notodonta uniecornis); x, 120 (N. unicor- nis); X, 47; x, 181 (N. unicornis). Actias Juna, Linn., vii, 192; x, 124, 178, Telea polyphemus, Linn., vii, 191; x, 124 (Attacus polyphemus); x, 176. Philosamia cynthia, Dr., vii, 194 (Samia eynthia); x, 125 (Attacus eynthia). Callos: mia promethea, Dr. vii, 193; x, 125 (Attacus promethea); x, 176. Platysamia ceecropia, Linn., vii, 193 (Samiza cecropia); x, 126 (Attacus cecroyzia); x, 177 (Samia cecropia). eolumbia, Smith, x, 177 (Samia colum- bia). Hemileuca maia, Dr., vii, 195 (Kucronia maia); x. 127, 163, (H. maia). Hyperchiria io, Fabr., vii, 195; x, 127, 169. Eacles imperialis, Dr., vii, 196; x, 121, Citheronia regalis, Fabr., vii, 195; x. 122, 162. Anisota stigma, Fabr., x, 120 (Dryocampa stigma). senatoria, Abb.-Sm., vii, 196 (Dryoecampa senatoria); x, 120,161, (D. senatoria). virginiensis, Dr., x, 121 (Dryocampa pellucida). Dryocampa rubicunda, Fabr., vii, 196; x, 121. Clisiocampa americana, Harr., vii, 110,197; X, 122, 155. disstria, Hubn., vii, 198 (C. sylvatica); x, 123 (O. sylvatica). Gastropacha americana,jHarr., x, 166. _— LIST OF GENERA AND SPHCIES. Tolype velleda, Stoll., vii,197 (Gastropacha velleda); x, 166, Cossus centerensis, Lintn., x. 151. Prionoxystus robinie, Peck, vi. 42 (Xyleutes robiniz); vii, 198 (X. robiniae); x, 152 (X. robinie). Nocruipz. (vii, 199,271; x, 129.) Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides, Guen., x, 129. Platycerura furcilla, Pack., x, 168. Apatela occidentalis, G. & R., x 129. le pusenlina, Guen., vii, 201 (Acronyeta lepuseulina); x, 130, americana, Harr., vii, 2:0 (Acronyeta americana); x, 130. rubricoma, Guen., x, 132. superans, Guen.,1i,51 (Acronycta super- ans; x, 131. hamamelis, Guen., x, 131. oblinita, Abb.->m., vii, 201 (Acronycta oblinita); x, ISL, 170, Arsilonche albovenosa, Gr., x, 171 (A. hen- rici). Agrotis e-nigrum, Linn., vii, 89, 202; x, 132,184. bicarnea, Guen., vii, 204. subgothica, Haw., vii, 89, 294; ix, 141; x, 1382. tricosa, Lintn., vii, 205; x, 132. herilis, Grote, vii, 90, 205;x, 133, cupida, Gr., x, 135. elandestina, Harr., vii, 95, 213; x, 135. messoria, Harr., vii. 92,209; x, 134. scandens, Riley, vii, 208; x, 133. tessellata, Harr.. vii, 91, 206; x, 133. annexa, TY., X, 186; xii, 103. ypsilon, Rott., vii, 93. 210; ix, 141; x, 134, sauecia, Hub., vii, 94.211; x, 134. lubricans, Guen., x, 135. Mamesira adjuncta, Boisd., x, 136. picta, Harr., vi,60 (‘eramiea picta); vii, 226 (C. picta); ix,51 (C. picta); x, 185; xii, 103. subjuneta, G. & R., vii, 214; x, 136. distineta, Hubn., x, 136. renigera, Steph., vii, 215; x, 137. Hadena devastatrix, Brace, vii, 96,216; x, 137. aretica, Boisd., vii, 96,217; x, 137. Laphygma frugiperda, Abb.- Sm., vii, 97, 219. (Prodenia frugiperda); x, 138. Prodenia commeline, Abb.-Sm., vii, 219; x, 138. lineatella, Harr., x, 139. Nephelodes ;minians, Guen., vii, 99, 220, (N. violans); x, 189 (N. violans). Gortyna cataphracta, Gr., vii, 221. nitela, Guen., iii, 141; vii, 100, 112, 221; vii, 999 (G. nebris); ix, 142; x, 151; xii, 103. Achatodes zee, Harr., vii, 100, 222. Heliophila albilinea, Hubn., vil,228 (Leuca- nia harveyi); x, 186 (L. harveyi). LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Heliophila phragmitidicola, Guen., vii, 224 (Leucania phragmitidicola); x, 186 (L. phragmitidicola. pseudargyria, Guen., x,139 (Leucania pseudargyria). unipunecta, Haw., vi,56 (Leueania uni- puneta); vii, 101,224 (L. unipuneta); x,5 (L. unipuneta); xi,49 (L. unipuncta); xii, 102 (L. unipuncta). Pyrophila pyramidoides, Guen., ii,56 (Am- phipyra pyramidoides); vii, 225;x, 180. Sceoliopteryx libatrix, Linn., vii, 227. Lithophane antennata, Walk., vii, 227 (Xy- lina cinerea. laticinerea, Gr., vii, 227. Crambodes talidiformis, Guen., x, 180. Adisophanes miscellus, Gr., x, 180, Aletia argillacea, Hubn., vii, 228 (Anomis ar- gillacea). Calpe canadensis, Beth., x, 187,172. Telesilla einereola, Guen., x, 180. Plusia aerea, Guen., ix. 45. aereoides, Gr., ix. 45. balluea, Gey., vii, 228; x, 45. contexta, Gr., 1x, 46. putnami, Gr., ix, 49. biloba, Steph.. vii, 229; ix, 46. verruca, Fab., ix, 48. dyaus, Gr., ix, 47. preeationis. Guen., vii, 229; ix, 47; x, 148. ou, Guen., ix, 48. ni, Hubn., vii, 229 (P. brassice): ix, 40 (P. brassice); x. 140 (P. brassice). oxygramma, Gey. ix, 49. simplex, Guen., ix, $8; xi, 38. Heliothis armiger, Hubn., vii, 102, 231; x, 150; xi, 82. Pyrrhia exprimens, Walk., vii, 233 (Heliothis exprimens). Hy pena evanidalis, Rob., x, 148. seabra, Fabr., vii,245 (H. humuli); x, 148. Drasteria erechtea, Hub., vii, 233; x, 148. Catoeala, vii, 234. desperata, Guen., vii, 234. amatrix, Hubn., vii, 235. eara, Guen., vii, 235. ultronia, Hubn., vii, 235. neogama, Abb.-Sm., vii, 286. grynea, Cram., x, 183. amica, Hubn., x, 182 (C. lineella). Pseudaglossa lubricali-, Gey., x, 138, 182. Chytolita morbidalis, Guen., x, 138, 182. Philometra serraticornis, Gr., vii, 246. PHALZENIDZ. (vii, 236, 272.) Cheerodes transversata Dr., vii, 244 (Eutra- pela transversata.) Caberodes. confusaria, Hubn., vii, 244. Eudalimia subsignuria, Hubn., vii, 243 (Eu- gonia subsignaria.) Endropia bilinearia, Pack., vii, 248, Angerona crocataria, Fab., vii, 243. XIII Nematocampa filamentaria, Guen., vii, 242; x, 148. Synehlora rubivoraria, Riley, vii, 238. Dyspteris abortivaria, H-S., vii, 238. Eufitebia ribeavia, Fitch, vii, 237. Hibernia tiliaria, Hurr., x. 149; xi, 25. Phigalia stigataria, Minot, vii, 241. cinetaria, French, vii. 241. Anisopteryx vernata, Harr., iii, 99; vi, 16, vii, 110, 239. autumnata, Pack., vii, 238; x, 148 (A. pometaria.) Petrophora diversilineata, Hubn., vii, 237. Eupithecia interrupto-fasciata, Pack., xi, 23. PYRALID, (vii, 245, 272.) Aglossa domalis, Guen., vii, 248 guinalis.) Asopia farinalis, Linn., vii, 247 (Pyralis fari- nalis); x, 157. eostalis, Fabr., 247. Botis penitalis, Gr., x, 154. flavidalis, Guen , vil, 218. Mesographe rimosalis, (iuen., ix. 37 (Pionea rimosalis); xii, 104 (Orobena rimosalis.) Eudioptis nitidalis, Cram., vii, 251 (Phacel- lura nitidalis.) Desmia maculalis, Westw., vii, 248. Phyecis indiginellu, Zell, i, 34 (Phyeita nebulo); iii, 117 (BP. nebule); iii, 117 (P. juglandis); vii, 250 (P. juglandis); x, 157. (Acrobasis nebulo.) Pempelia hammondi, Riley, vii, 252. Galleria cereana, Fabr., vii, 253. (A. pin- TORTRICID A. (vii, 254, 273.) Teras cinderella, Riley, vii, 255 (Tortrix cinderella). malivorana, LeB., ii.20 (Tortrix malivo- rana); iii. 159 (eras malivorana); vii, 254 (Toririx malivorana). Cacecia rosaceana, Harr., vii,256 (Loxo- tenia rosaceana); x, 153 (L. rosaceana); xi, 10 (L. rosaceana). rileyana, Grote, vii. 256 (Tortrix rileyana). Tortrix quercifoliana, Fiteh, vii, 114, 257, (Argyrolepia querifoliana); ix, 142. Conehylis rutilana, Hub., x, 1a3 (Dapsilia rutilana). Eudemis botrana, Schiff., vii, 257 (Penthina vitivorana). Eecopsis malana, Fern., xi, 16. Penthina nimbatana, Clem., x, 153. Sericorisinstrutana, Clem., x, 153 (Exartema fasciatana?). Phoxopteris nubeculana, Clem., x 153. comptana, Frol., vii,258 (Anchylopera fragariez). Grapholitha prunivora, Walsh,i,78 (Semasia prunivora). XIV Carpoecapsa pomonella, Linn., i,27; iv, 167; | vii, 260; x, 151; xi, 19. TINEID®. (vii, 262,273.) Tinea dorsistrigella, Clem., vii, 262. tapetzella, Linn., vii, 264. rusticella, Hub., vii, 264. pellionella, Linn., vii, 265. biseliella, Hum.. vii, 265. granella, Linn., vii, 265. Gelechia flavocostella, Clem., x, 153. cerealella, Linn., vii, 266; xii, 144. Anarsia lineatella, Zell., xii, 76. Coleophora malivorella, Riley, x, 156. Plutella cruciferarum, Zell., vii. 266; ix, 52. Dakruma convolutella, Hubn., vii, 251 (Myelois convolutella). PTEROPHORIDA. (vii, 267, 273.) Pterophorus periscelidactylus, Fitch, vii, 268. DIPTERA. (iv, 25; v.25; vi, 73.) CECIDOMYID2&. Cecidomyia destructor, Say, x, 193. CHSTRIDE. (strus ovis, Linn., ix, 60. TACHINID. Nemorea leucanie, Kirk., x, 36. Exorista flavicauda, Riley, x, 37. phycite, LeB., iii, 123 (Tacbina phycite). TRYPETID#. Trypeta pomonella, Walsh, i, 29. HIPPOBOSCID#. Melophagus ovinus, Linn., ix, 63. COLEOPTERA. (iv, 25,26; v, [Entire Report devoted to this order]; vi [Pt. ii devoted to this order]; xii, 105). CICINDELIDZ. (vi, 87.) Cicindela 6-guttata, Fabr., vi, 88. vulgaris. Say, vi, 88. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. CARABIDZ. (xi, 88; vii, 107, 113.) Calosoma, xii, 108. serutator, Fabr., vi, 88. ealidum, Fabr., vi, 89. Pasimachus elongatus, Lece., vi, 89. Searites, xii, 108. Aspidoglossa subangulata, Chd., vi, 89. Galerita, xii, 108. Loxopeza, xii, 109. Lebia grandis, Hentz, vi, 90. Calathus, xii, 109. Platynus, xii, 109. Evarthrus, xii, 109. Pterostichus, xii, 110. Amara, xii, 110. Diczlus, xii, 110. Chlenius, xii, 111. Geopinus inerassatus, DeG., vii, 218. Agonoderus, xii, 111. Anisodactylus, xii. 111. Amphasia, xii, 112. Bradycellus, xii, 112. Harpalus, xii, 112. ealiginosus, Say, vi, 90. pennsylvanicus, DeG., vi, 90. Patrobus, xii. 113. CecCcINELLID. (vi, 172; xii, 116, 118.) Megilla maculata, DeG., vi, 173 (Hippoda- mia maculata); viii, 173 (H. maculata.) Hippodamia, xii, 117. glacialis, Fab., vi, 173; viii, 174. convergens, Guer., vi. 173; viii, 173. Hippodamia 13-punetata, Linn., vi, 173; viii, 174. Coecinella, xii, 118. 9-notata, Hb., vi, 173; viii, 174. Cyeloneda, xii, 118. sanguinea, Linn., vi, 173 (Coecinella munda): viii, 174 (C. munda.) Harmonia picta, Rand., vi, 174 (Coccinella picta.) Anatis 15-punetata, Oliv., vi, 174; vii, 128; viii, 174. Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls, vi, 174; vii, 128; vill, 174. Hyperaspis signata, Oliv., vii, 128. DERMESTID®. (vi, 92.) Dermestes lardarius, Linn., vi, 92. Attagenus pellio, Linn., vi, 92. Anthrenus muszorum, Linn., vi, 93. NITIDULID &. (vi, 19.) Ips fasciatus, Oliv., vi, 91 (Ips 4-signatus.) LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. XV TROGOSITID®. Tenebrioides mauritanieca, Linn., vi, 93. ELATERID. (vi, 19,115; vii, 19.) Adelocera impressicollis, Say, vii, 27. discoida, Web., vii, 27. Alaus oculatus, Linn., vi, 116: vii 25. Cryptohypnus abbreviatus, Say, vii, 27. Liater nigricollis, Herbst., vii, 28. linteus, Say, vii, 27. hepaticus, Mels., viii, 28. sanguinipennis, Say, vii, 27. obliquus, Say, vii, 28. Monocrepidius lividus, DeG., vi, 118; vii, 28. Ludius attenuatus, Say, vi, 119; vii, 29. Orthostethus infuseatus, Germ.. vi, 117; vii, 27. Agriotes mancus, Say, vi, 118. Melanotus incertus, LeC.. vii, 29, depressus, Mels., vii, 29. flssilis, Say, vi, 117; vii, 30. communis, Schon., vi, 118; vii, 30. Limonius griseus, Beauv., vii, 30. Melanactes morio, Fabr., vi, 118. BUPRESTID ®. (vi 169.) Chaleophora virginiensis, Dr., vi, 112. Dicerea divaricata, Say, vi. 112. obseura, Fabr., var. lurida, Fabr., vi, 113 (D. lurida). Chrysobothris femorata, Fabr., vi, 110. Agrilus ruficollis, Fabr., vi, 114. granulatus, Say, xii, 121. lateralis, Say, vi, 114. PTINIDZ. (vi, 120.) Ptinus fur. Linn., vi, 121. brunneus, Duftseh, vi, 122. Sitodrepa panicea, Linn., vi, 122 (Ano bium paniceum), Sinoxylon basilare, Say, vi, 124 (Bostrychus basilaris). Amphicerus biecaudatus, Say, vi, 123 (Bos- | trychus bicaudatus). LUCANID®. (vi, 93.) Lucapus elaphus, Fabr., vi, 94. dama, Fabr., vi, 95. Platycerus querecus, Web., vi, 95. SCARABAID MH, Melolonthine, vi, 97. Serica vespertina, Knoch, vi, 202. sericea, IIl., vi, 102. Macrodactylus subspinosus, Fabr., i, 24; vi, 103; vii, 34. Lachnosterna fusea, Frohl., vi, 97 (Phyllo- phaga fusea); viii, 33 (P. fusca). fraterna, Harr., vi, 101 (Phyllophaga fra- terna). tristis, Fapr., vi, 100(Phyllophaga pilosi- eollis). Rutelini, vi, 104. Anomala varians, Fabr., vi, 105. binotata, Gyll., vi, 105. lucicola, Fabr., ii, 54; vi, 105. Pelidnota punctata, Linn., vi, 106. Dynastes tityus, Linn., vi, 96. Cetoniini, vi, 107. Euphoria melancholiea, Gory, vi, 108 (Eury- omia melancholica). inda, Linn., vi, 108 (Euryomia inda). Allorhina nitida, Linn., vi, 107 (Gymnetis nitida). CERAMBYCID &. (vi, 146.) Prioning, vi, 147. Prionus laticollis, Dr., vi, 147. imbricornis, Linn., vi, 148. Cerambycine, vi, 148. Phymatodes amcenus, Say, vi, 148 (Callidium am@num). Chion einetus, Dr., vi, 149. Eburia quadrigeminata, Say, vi, 149. Elaphidion villosum, Fabr., vi, 150. parallelum, Newm., vi, 150. Cyllene robiniz, Forst., vi 151 (Clytus rob- ini). Glyecobius speciosus, Say, vi, 151 .Clytus speciosus). Neoclytus Gapraa, Say, vi, 151 (Clytus caprea), Lamiine, vi, 152. Saperda candida, Fabr., vi, 152. vestitu, Say, vi, 156. tridentata, Oliv., vi, 155. CHRYSOMELID&. (vi, 157.) Lema trilineata, Oliv., vi, 158. Crioceris asparagi, Linn., vi, 158. Fidia viticida, Walsh, vi, 160. Chrysochus auratus, Fabr., vi, 164. Colaspis brunnea, Fabr., var. flavida, Say, vi, 164 (C. flavida). Doryphora decemlineata, Say, ii, 63; iii, 162; vi, 160. Gastroidea polygoni, Linn., vi,171 (Gastro- physa polygoni). Diabrotica 12-punctata, Fabr., vi, 166. vittata, Fab., vi, J65. longicornis, Say, x, 44; xi,65; xii, 10. Graptodera chalybea, IIl., vi,170 (Haltica chalybea). Phyllotreta vittata, Fabr., vi,168 (Haltica vittata.) XVI Crepidodera helxines, Linn., iii, 137 (Haltica hel xines). cucumeris, Harr., vi,167 (Haltica cu- ecumeris). Psylliodes punctulata, Mels., vi, 168 (Haltica punctulata). Blepharida rhois, Forst., vi, 167. Cassidini, vi. 171. Cassida nigripes, Oliv., vi, 172. bivittata, Say, vi, 172. Coptoeyela aurichalcea, (Cassida aurichalcea). guttata, Oliv., vi, 172 (Cassida guttata). alprsmavinwelees BRUCHID®. (vi, 127.) Bruchus pisi, Linn., vi, 127. obsoletus, Say, vi, 128. granarius, Linn., vi, 129 MELOIDS. (vi, 125). Macrobasis unicolor. Kirby, vi, 126. Epicauta vittata, Fabr., vi, 125. cinerea, Forst., vi, 126. OTIORHYNC ID. Epicerus imbricatus, Say, vi, 131. Pandeletejus hilaris, Hbst., vi, 132. CURCULIONIDA. (vi, 129.) Ithyeerus novehoracen is, Forst., vi, 130. Hylobius pales, Hbst., vi, 133. Pissodes strobi, Peck., vi, 138. Magdalis armicollis, Say, vi, 132. Coceotorus seutellaris, LeC., i, 72 (Anthono- mus prunicida); vi, 136 (A. prunicida). Anthonomus quadrizibbus, Say, vi. 185, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Herbst., i, 64; vi, Sx erategi, Walsh, vi, 141. Tyloderma fragarie, Riley. xii. 64. Craponius inequalis, Say, i, 13 (Coeliodes ingqualis); vi, 142 (C. ineequalis). Trichobaris trinotata, Say, vi, 142 (Baridius trinotatus). Balaninus nasicus, Say, vi, 134. CALANDRIDZ. Sphenophorns seulptilis, Uhler, vi, 144 (S. zee); vii, df (3. zee). SCOLYTID®. (vi, 144.) Seolytus quadrispinosus, Say, vi, 145. Phloosinus dentatus, Say, vi, 146 (Hylurgus dentatus). Dendroectonus terebrans, (Aylurgus terebrans). Oliv., vi, 146 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. HEMIPTERA. (vi, 72; viii, 9, 11.) Heteroptera. (iv, 25; v,25; vi, 72; viii, 9, 12). CYDNID#, Murgantia histrionica, Hahn, vi, 59. Podisus spinosus., Dall., vii, 218. LYGHIDE. Blissus leucopterus, Say, iii, 142 (Micropus leucopterus); vii,40; xii, 32. PHYTOCORIDZ. Pecilacapsus vittatus, ii, 61 (Capsus quadri- vittatus). Homoptera. (iv, 25; v, 25; vi, 72; viii, 9, 11.) CICADID. Cicada septendecim, Linn.., ili, 124. PSYLLIDZ. (viii, 10, 12, 33, 211.) Diraphia, viii, 13. vernalis, Fitch, viii, 14. femoralis, Fitch. viii 14. ealamorum, Fiteh, vii, 14. maculipennis, Fiteh, viii, 14. Psylla, viii. 15. pyri. Sebmidt, iii, 134; viii, 16. rubi, W. & f., viii, 17. tripunetata, Fitch, viii. 18. quadrilineata, Fitch, viii, 18. earpini. Fiteh, viii. 1%. annulata. Fiteh., viii, 18. urticecolens, Fitch, viii, 18. quadrisignate, —, viii, 18. APHIDID®. (viii, 5, 10, 19-211 |Report devoted chiefly to the family].) Aphidine, viii, 44. Siphonophorini, viii, 46. Siphonophora, viii, 46. rudbeeckia, Fiteh, viii, 19.190. ambrosiz. Thomas viii, 50. rose, Reanm., viii, 50. avene. Fabr., viii, 51. vitieola, Thos., vili. 55. setaria, Thos., viii, 56, 192. euphorbie, Thos., viii, 56. euphorbieola, Thos., viii, 57. aselepiadis. Fiteh. vill, 58. erigeronensis, lhos.. viii, 58. coreopsidis, Lhos., viii, 59. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Siphonophora lactuce, Linn., viii, 60. polygoni, Walk., viii, 62. salicicola, Thos., viii, 68, 192. verbene, Thos., viii, 63. rubi, Kalt., viii, 64. pisi, Kalt., viii, 64. d gerardia, Thos., vili, 65. heuvhere, Thos., viii, 66. cucurbite, Thos., viii, 67. tanaceti, Linn., viii, 68. fragariz, Koch., viii, 68. menthe, Buckton, viii, 68. absinthii, Linn., viii, 69. achyrantes, Monell, viii, 187. ealendulew, Monell, viii, 190. ealendulella, Monell, viii, 188. erategi, Monell, viii, 189. fragariw, Koeh, var. immaeulata, Riley, viii, 191. liriodendri, Monell, viii, 189. sonchi, Linn., viii, 189. tulipz, Monell, viii, 188. Phorodon, viii, 69. humuli, Schrank, var. mahaleb, Fonse., viii.72. secrophularie, Thos., viii, 72. Myzus, viii, 74. eerasi, Fabr., viii, 75. persice, Sulzer, viii, 76. ~ ribis, Linn., viii, 76. Drepanosiphum, viii, 78. acerina, Walk., viii, 78. quereifolii, Walsh, viii, 79. acerifolii, Thos., viii, 47 (Siphonophora acerifoliz); viii, 47. tilie, Koch, viii, 188. Megoura, viii, 73. solani, Thos., viii, 73. Rhopalosiphum, viii, 79. dianthi, Sehr., viii, 80. tulip@, Thos., viii, 80. berberidis, Kalt., viii, 81. rhois, Monell, viii, 194. salicis, Monell, viii, 194. Aphidini, viii, 83. Siphoecoryne, viii, 83. pastinace, Linn., viii, 84. Aphis, viii, 84. mali, Fabr., viii, 85. malifoliz, Fitch, viii, 86. pruni, Koch, viii, 87. rumicis. Linn., viii, 88. eirczzandis, Fitch, viii, 89. maidis, Fitch, vii, 75, brassicae, finn, viii, 91. cerasofolie, Fitch, viii, 93. apocyni, Koch, viii, 94. neriji, Fonse., vili, 95. diospyri, Thos., viii, 95. viburni, Scop., viii, 96. vernonie, Thos., viii, 97. eephalanthi, Thos., viii, 97, 192. impatientis, Thos., viii, 98. symphoricarpi, Thos., viii, 99. —ll1 Aphis middletonii, Thos. viii, 99. zarduella, Walsh, viii, 100. sambuei, Liun., viii, 100. ecornifoliz, Fitch, viii, 101, 193. crategifoli, Fitch, viii, 101. medicaginis, Koch, viii, 101, 192. amyegdali, Blanch., viii, 102. populifolizw, Fitch, viii, 102, pinicolens, Fitch, viii, 102. atriplicis, Linn., viii, 193. cucumeris, Forbes, xii, 83. helianthi, Monell, viii, 194. hyperici, Monell, viii, 193. lutescens, Monell, viii, 191. earyella, Fitch, viii, 170. fumipenella, Fiteh, viii, 171. maculella, Fitch, viii, 171. marginellus, Fiteh, viii.171. punectatella, Fitch, viii, 171. Hyalopterus, viii, 82. pruni, Fabr., viii, 82. aquilegia, Koch, viii, 83. Chaitophorus, viii, 193, 200. negundinis, Thos., viii, 103. populicola, Thos., viii, 103. lonicera, Monell, viii, 104. viminalis, Monell, viii, 105, 200, salicicola, Monell, viii, 105. eandicans (?), viii, 105, quereicola, Monell, viii, 201. smithiw, Monell, viii, 200. Myzoeallis,. viii, 105, bella, Walsh, viii, 106. hyperici, Thos., viii, 108. Lachnini, viii, 114. | Laehnus, viii, 115. salicicola, Uhler, viii, 115. dentatus, LeB., iii, 138; viii, 116. carye, Harr., viii, 116. strobi, Fitch, viii, 117. laricifex, Fitch, viii, 117. abietis, Fitch, viii, 117. alnifoliw, Fitch, viii, 118. quereifolizw, Fitch, viii, 1118. salicelis, Fitch, viii, 119. ulmi, Linn., viii, 119. populi, Linn., viii, 119. longistigma, Monell, viii, 119.. Phyllaphis, viii, 120. fagi, Linn., viii, 120. Sipha, viii, 120. rubifolii, Thos., viii, 121. maydis, Pass., viii, 122. Callipterus, viii, 109, 195. betulzcolens, Monell, viii, 198. ulmicola, Thos., viii, 111. querceifolii, Thos., viii, 112. eastanee, Fitch, viii, 114. asclepiadis, Monell, viii, 197. bella, Walsh, 197. cary, Monell, viii, 199. discolor, Monell, viii, 198. hyalinus, Monell, viii, 198. punctata, Monell, viii, 198. XVII XVIII Callipterus quereicola, Monell, viii, 199. walshi, Monell, viii, 196. ulmifolii, Monell, viii, 196. mucidus, Fitch, viii, 172. Pemphigine, viii, 122, Schizoneurini, viii, 125. Schizoneura, viii, 125, lanigera, Hausmann, i, 55 (Pemphigus pyri); viii, 126. rileyi, Thos., viii, 136. pinicola, Thos., viii, 137. panicola, Thos., viii, 138. querei, Fitch, viii, 139. tessellata, Fitch, viii, 189. imbricator, Fitch, viii, 139. fagi, Linn., viii, 140. strobi, Fitch, viii, 140. ulmi, Linn., viii, 140. fungicola, Walsb, viii, 141. carye, Fitch, viii, 141. cornicola, Walsh, viii, 141. americana, Riley, viii, 202. Pemphigini, viii, 145. Pemphigus, viii, 146. fraxinifolii, Riley, viii, 146, 210. rubi, viii, 147. populicaulis, Fitch, iv, 193: viii, 149. formicarius, Walsh, viii, 150. formicetorum, Walsh, viii, 150. pseudobyrsa, Walsh, viii, 151. vagabundus, Walsh, viii, 151. rhois, Fitch, viii, 152. ulmi-fusus, Walsh, viii, 153.3 popularia, Fitch, viii, 153. populi-globuli, Fitch, viii, 153. populi-vene, Fitch, viii, 154. acerifolii, Riley, viii, 209. populi-monilis, Riley, viii, 205. populi-ramulorum, Riley, viii, 209. populi-transversus, Riley, viii, 208. Hormaphis spinosus, Shimer, viii, 206. Glyphina, viii. 142. ulmicola, Fitch, viii, 142, 204. eragrostidis, Middleton, viii. 144. Vacuna, viii, 145. Chermesine, viii, 155. Chermes, viii, 155. pinifoliz, Fitch, viii, 156. laricifolia, Fiteh, viii, 156. Adelges abieticolens, Thos., viii, 156 (Cher- mes abieticolens). Phylloxera, viii, 157. vastatrix, Planchon, i, 21 sphera vitifolia:); viii, 158 (Phylloxera vitifolie). earyecaulis, Fitch, viii, 160. cary efoliz, Fitch, viii, 161. caryevene, Fitch, viii, 162. cary«x-globosa, Shimer, viii, 163. rileyi, Licht., viii, 163. carye@-semen, Walsh, i, 23 sphera carya@-semen). earye-globuli, Walsh, viii, 164. spinosa, Shimer, viii, 164. (Dactylo- (Daectylo- | LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES, Phylloxera cary septa, Shimer, viii, 164. foreata, Shimer, viii, 164. depressa, Shimer, viii, 164. cornica, Shimer, viii, 164. cary#-gummosa, Riley, viii, 164. cary e-ren, Riley, viii, 164. ecarye-fallax, Walsh, viii, 164. castanee, Hald., viii, 164. Tychea, viii, 167. erigeronensis, Thos., viii, 168. panici, Thos., viii, 169. Rhizobiine, viii, 164. Rhizobius, viii, 165. lactuece, Fitch, viii, 165. poe, Thos., viii.166. CoccIp®. Chionaspis furfureus, Fitch,i, 53 (Aspidiotus harrisii). pinifolizw, Fiteh, ii,83 (Mytilaspis pini- foliz); iii, 161 (M. pinifoliz). salicis, Linn., i, 40 (Aspidiotus salicis- nigre). - Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, i,34 (Aspi- diotus conchiformis); ii,24 (Mytilaspis conchiformis); iii, 159 (M. conehiformis). Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv.. vii, 120 (Lecanium acericola). ORTHOPTERA. (iv, 25; v, 25; vi, 70.) ACRIDID. (ix, 73-140, [Illinois species; synopsis. syno- nymy, deseriptions, ete.) Mermiria bivittata, Serv., ix, 97. Truxalis brevicornis, Linn., ix, 97. Chlcealtis viridis, Seudd., ix, 99. conspersa, Harr., ix, 99. Syrbula admirabilis, Uhl., ix, 100. Stenobothrus maculipennis, Scudd., ix, 102. eurtipennis, Harr., ix, 104. Stetheophyma lineata, Scudd., ix. 104, Tragocephala viriuifasciata, Harr., ix, 105. Tomonotus sulphureus, Fabr., ix, 107. sordida, Burm., ix, 107. nietanus, Sauss., ix, 108. (Edipoda equalis, Say, ix, 109. collaris, Seudd , ix,110. , earolina, Linn., ix, 111- belfragii, Stal., ix,11i. Trimerotropis verruculata, Seudd., ix, 12. maratima, Harr., ix, 113. Mestobregma cincta, Thos., ix, 113. Hippiseus neglectus, Thos., ix, 114. eorallipes, var. rugosus, Scudd., ix, 115. discoideus, Serv., ix, 116. phoenicopterus, Burm., ix, 117. Camnula pellucida, Scudd., ix, 118. Pezotettix unicolor, Thos., ix, 118. minutipennis, Thos., ix, 119. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Pezotettix viola, Thos., ix, 120. seudderi, Uhler, ix, 121. spretus, Thomas, i,*82 (Caloptenus spretus); vi,44 (C. spretus); vii, 36 (C. spretus); ix, 121 (C. spretus). atlanis, Riley, vii, 38 (Caloptenus atlanis); ix, 124 (C. atlanis). femur-rubrum, DeG., i, 99 (Caloptenus femur-rubrum); vii, 38 (C. femur-rub- rum); ix, 124 (C. femur-rubrum). bivittatus, Say, ix, 126 (Caloptenus bivit- tatus). differentialis, Thos., ix, 127 (Caloptenus differentialis). Acridium rubiginosum, Harr., ix, 128. emarginatum, Uhler, ix, 128. americanum, Dr., ix, 129. NEUROPTERA. (iv, 253 Vv, 25.) HEMEROBINA. Chrysopa oculata, Say, vili, 177. illepida, Fitch, viii, 178. ehlorophana, Burm., viii, 178. plorabunda, Fitch, viii, 178. pseudographa, Fitch, viii, 178. XIX ARAOHNIDA. (iv, 1.) TROMBIDID®, Trombidium gryllaria, LeB., iii, 157 (Atoma gryllaria); ix,136 (Trombidium locusta- rum). GAMASID&, Uropoda americana, Riley, vii, 218. se TYROGLYPHIDE, Heteropus ventricosus, Newport, xii, 150. SARCOPTIDA. Psoroptes equi, Gerv., ix, 64. PHYTOPTIDZ, (xii, 123.) Phytoptus abnormis, H. Garman, xii, 134, acericola, H. Garman, xii, 135, fraxini, H. Garman, xii, 136. pyri, Scheuten, xii, 141. quadripes, Shimer, xii, 135. querci, H. Garman, xii, 138. salicicola, H. Garman, xii, 138. thuje, H. Garman ,xii, 138. ulmi, H. Garman, xii, 137. MYRIAPODA. , (iv, 1.) Julus impressus, Say, xi, 44. VERMES. PLATYHELMINTHES. TREMATODA. Fasciola hepatica, Linn., ix, 67 (Distoma hepaticum). CESTODES. Tenia ccenurus, Kuch, ix, 69 (Coenurus cer- ebralis). GENERAL INDEX TO INSECTS. A abbreviatus, Cryptohypnus, vii, 27. abbotti, Lophyrus, x, 65, 70. Thyreus, vii, 164, 280,283; x, 100, Abbott’s Saw-fly, Lophyrus abbotti, x, 65,70. Abbott’s Sphinx, Thyreus abbotti, vii, 164, 280, 283; x. 100. abdominalis, Urocerus, x, 71. Aberrant Wood-beetles, iv, 37; v, 37,92, 93, 101; vi. 82. Abia caprifolii, x, 65, 66. cerasi, x, 64, 65, 66. abieticolus, Chermes, viii, 156. abietis, Chermes, viii, 157. Lachnus, viii, 117. Lophyrus, x, 65,70. abnormis, Phytoptus, xii, 134. abortiva, Chloéaltis, ix, 92. abortivaria, Dyspteris, vii, 238, 280. Abraxas ribearia, vii, 237. absinthii, Aphis, viii, 69. Siphonophora, viii, 69. acadica, Theela, x, 93. Aealles, v, 143. Acanthocephala, ix, 59. Acanthoderes, v, 158. Acari. (See Mites.) Acaride, ix, 65. Acarina, ix, 59,64,65. (See Mites.) aearoides, Aphis, viii, 211. Acarus, 1, 35,44: it, 32,33,353 iv, 1; v, 1,653 vi, 19; xii, 124. (See Mites.) seabiei, i, 44. accentifera, Plusia, ix, 43. acericola, Lecanium, vii, 5,108,109, 120,278, 281. Phytoptus, xii, 135. acericorticis, Lecanium, vii, 121, 281. acerifoliz, Siphonophora, viii, 47,78, 195. acerifolii, Drepanosiphum, viii, 195, Pemphigus, viii, 209. acerina, Aphis, viii, 78. Drepanosiphum, viii, 78. aceris, Aphis, viii. 49. Drepanosipaum, viii, 78. acerni, Aigeria, vi, 40, 44, pp, iii, iv; vii, 173, 281; x, 106, 108. acetosa, Aphis, viii, 88. Achatodes, vii, 272. Zeex, Vil, 100, 222, 278. achemon, Philampelus, vii, 165,280,283; x, 101, 182. Achemon Sphinx, Philampelus achemon, Vii, 165, 280,283; x, 101, 182. achyrantes, Siphonophora, viii, 187. Acilius, v, 51. Acmeodera, v, 95,96. pulchella, v. 96. tubulus, v, 96. Acmzops, Vv, 156. Acoloithus, vii, 271. americanus, vii, 179,280,283; x, 112. falsarius, x, 112. Acorn Weevils (See Nut Weevils). acrea, Arctia, x, 115: xi, 62. F Leucarctia, Vii, 79, 183, 278, 280; x, 170. Acrida brevicornis, ix, 92. Acridide, vi, 70; ix, 73, 80, 82, 86. 87, 92,131. (See Locusts.) Acridine, ix, 80, 81, 83, 87. Acridini, ix, 83, 86, 90. Acridium, ix, 86. alutaceum, ix, 128. ambiguum, ix, 96. americanum, vi, 45; ix, 81, 91,96, 129, 131, 133,135. (See American Locust.) var. ambiguum, ix, 91, 96, 130, 133. americanum, ix, 91. bivittatum, ix, 96. carolinianum, ix, 94. earolinum, ix, 94. damnificum, ix, 96. differentiale, ix, 96. emarginatum, ix, 91, 96, 128, 134. ensicornu, ix, 92. femorale, ix, 95. femur-rubrum, ix, 95. flavovittatum, ix, 96. hemipterum, ix, 93. laterale, ix, 96. marginatum, ix, 93. ornatum, ix, 96. peregrinum, ix, 130, 133. phcenicopterum, ix, 95. rubiginosum, ix, 91,96, 128. rusticum, ix, 96. sanguinipes, ix, 96. bo sordidum, ix, 93. sulphureum, ix, 94. tuberculatum, ix, 95. verruculatum, ix, 95. virginianum, ix, 93. viridifasciatum, ix, 93. xanthopterum, ix, 94. Acrobasis juglandis, vii, 250; xi, 14. nebulo, vii, 249; x, 157. (See Apple Leaf- erumpler.) Acronyecta, ii, 151; vii, 271. americana, vii, 200, 278, lepuseulina, vii, 201, 279. oblinita, vii, 201, 279, 282; x, 151, 170. populi, vii, 201, 279. prunivora, ii, 53. superans, li, 51. Actias, vii, 271. luna, vii, 192; x, 124,178. aculeatus, Hylesinus, v. 147. aculiferus, Leptostylus, v, 159. Adela, v, 10. Adelges, viii, 34. laricis, viii, 34. of the spruce, viii, 156. Adelocera, v, 98. diseoidea, vii, 27. impressicollis, vii, 27. Adephaga, iv, 19; v, 19. Adetus, v, 158. Adipsophanes miscellus, x, 180. adjuncta, Mamestra, x. 136. admirabilis, Stenobothrus, ix, 93, 102. Syrbula, ix, 88, 93, 100. /Hgeria, vi, 37,39; vii, 270, 277; x, 110. acerni, vi, 40,, 44, pp. iii, iv; vii, x, 106, 108. anthracipennis, x, 106, 109. asilipennis, x, 106,109. caudata, vii, 172,279, 282; x, 106, 108. cucurbite, vi, 41, 44, p. iv; vii, 173, ¢ 280; x, 106, 107. exitiosa, i, 24,80; vi, 33, 34, 38, 44, pp. vii, 169,281; x, 106, 107, 108. pictipes, x, 106, 109. polistiformis, i, 24: vii, 171, 280; x, 106, 108. 279, 281. Chermes abieticolens (?) 173, 281; 277, 279, ne Tang | pyri, vi, 40, 44, p. ili; vii, 170; x, 106, 107. rubi, vi, 40,44; pp, 1, iii; vii, 175,282; x, 106 108. Syringe, vii, 174,281; x, 106, 109. tiliae, x, 106,109. tipuliformis, vi, x, 106, 107, 151. /Egeria, Pear-tree (See Pear-tree Borers). /Egerian, Maple (See Maple Aigerian). /Egerians, Aigerid&, vi, 34,36, 72; vii, 169, 269, 270; x, 106. Megeriide, vi, 34,36, 72; vii, wnea, Arthromacra, v, 118. T.agria, v, 113. zquale, Spharagemon, ix, 94. 39,44, p. li; vii, 172,279: 169, 269, 270; x, 106. INSECT INDEX. equalis, Gryllus, ix, 94. Locusta, ix, 94. (Edipoda, ix, 90, 94, 109, 112. Stenobothrus, ix, 93. Trimerotropis, ix, 94. erea, Dibolia, v, 173. Plusia, ix, 43, 44,45. — ewroides, Plusia, ix, 44,45. erosa, Brachys, vy, 96. affinis, Oryssus, x, 71. Agabus, v, 51. Agathidiide, v, 63. Agathidiides, v, 63. Agathidium, v, 63,75. Aglossa, vii, 272. pinguinalis, vii, 248, 280. Agonoderus, v, 48; xii, 111,115. comma, xii, 27, 43,56, 111. pallipes, v, 49. Agraphus, v. 137. Agraulis vanille, x, 80. Agrilus, v, 95, 96. granulatus, xii, 121. lateralis, vi, 37, 43, 114. ruficollis, V, 94,96; vi, 35, 37,48, 114: pp. i, iii. Agrion, i, 61. Agriotes, v, 99. maneus, Vi, 29. obseuris, vi, 24. ‘ pubescens, vii, 29. Agrotis, vi, 11. 90; vii, 83,84, 97,99, 202,271; x, 136. (See Cutworms.) annexa, X, 136; xii, 103,110. bicarnea, vii, 204, elandestina, vii, 95, 213, 278; x, 135. e-nigrum, Vii. 89, 202, 278; x, 132, 184; xi, 51. cochrani, vii, 92, 209. cupida, x, 135. herilis, vii, 90, 204, 205,278; x, 133. inermis, vii, 211. jaculifera, vii, 206. lubricans, x, 135. messoria, Vii, 92, 209, 278; x, 134. nigricans, var. maizi, vii, 91, 207. ortoni, vii, 211. repentis, vii, 92, 209. saucia, Vii, 94,211,278; x,{134. scandens, vii, 208; x, 133. 23,124, 25,27, 118: ps Lvs) wil, 26; subgothiea, vii, 89, 204, 205, 206,278; ix, 141; x, 1382. suffusa, vii, 210. telifera, vii, 84, 210. tesselata, vil, 91, 206,278; x, 133. tricosa, vii, 205,206; x, 132, ypsilon, vii, 93,210,278; ix. 141; x, 134. ahaton, Pamphila, vii, 160. Ailanthus Silkworm Moth, Samia (Attacus) cynthia, vii, 194, 277; x, 125. Ajax Butterfly, Panilio ajax, vii, 135,279,281; > Ce 5 ajax, Papilio, vii, 135,279, 281; x, +4. INSECT INDEX. , 3 alabame, Chrysobothris, vi, 111. Alaus, v, 98. oculatus, v,99; vi, 25,116, pp. i, ii; vii, 26. albicornis, Urocerus, x, 71. Xiphidra, x, 71. albifrons, Chalcis, x, 40. Edema, vii, 191; x, 120. alcestis, Argynnis, vii, 150; x, 82. Alder Blight, Schizoneura tesselata, viii, 139 Alder-leaf Lachnus, Lachnus alnifolie, viii, 118. Aleochara, v, 67,73. Aleocharides, v, 68,70, 72,74. Aletia, xi, 82, 92,99. argillacea., vii, 228, 279. aletiw, Tachina, xi, 97. Aleurodide, vii, 72; viii, 10,11, 26,33. Alexia, v, 182. Allecula, v. 119. Allorhina nitida, v, 89; vi, 107. allyni, Eupelmus, xi, 81. Isosoma. xi, 73. Almond Aphis, Aphis amygdalli, viii, 102. alnifoliw#, Lachnus, viii, 118. Alope Butterfly, Satyrus alope, vii, 156; x, 92. alope, Satyrus, vii, 156; x, 92. alticola, Plusia, ix, 44. Aluceita, iv, 183; vii, 273. alutaceum, Acridium, ix. 128. Alypia, vii, 270; x, 110. octomaculata, vii, 176,280; x, 110,172. Amara, V, 39, 47,48, 49; xii, 110,115. angustata, x, 41; xii, 110. carinata, xii, 110. impuncticollis, xii, 110. amatrix, Catoecala, vii, 235, 279. ambiguum, Acridium, ix, 96. Amblyscirtes, vii, 270. Vialis, vii, 161. ambrosia, Aphis, viii, 211. ambrosie, Siphonophora, viii, 50. American Copper Butterfly, Chrysophanus americana, vii, 158,282; x, 95. Lackey Moth. Caterpillar.) Locust, Acridium americanum, vi, 45, Description, ix, 91, 129. Eggs, ix. 131. Figure, ix, 81. Habits, ix, 133, 135. Injuries by, ix, 135. Synonymy, ix, 96. Yellow variety, Acridium america- num, var ambiguum, ix, 91,96, 130, ea Mapie Moth, Apatela (Acronycta) ameri- cana, vii, 200, 278, 279, 281; x, 130. Procris, Acoloithus americanus, vii, 179, 280, 283; x, 112. Tent Caterpillar. (See Apple-tree Tent Caterpilbar.) (See Apple-tree ‘lent Vine-chafer, Light-loving Vine-chafer, Anomala lucicola, ii, 54; v, 89; vi, 105, p. ii. americana, Acronyeta, vii, 200, 278, 279, 281. Apatela, vii, 200; x, 130. Chrysophanus, vii, 158, 282; x, 95. Clisiocampa, vii, 110, 119, 197, 277, 279; x, 122, 123, 155. (See Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar.) Ctenucha, vii, 179. Cyrtacanthacris, ix, 96. Gastropacha, x, 166. Schistocerea, ix, 96. Schizoneura, viii, 202,211. Silpha, v, 58. Uropoda, vii. 218. americanum, Acridium, vi, 45; ix, 81, 91,96, 129, 131, 133,135. (See American Locust.) Platydema, v, 125. var. ambiguum, Acridium, ix, 91,96, 130, 135. americanum, Acridium, ix, 91. americanus, Acoloithus, vii, 179, 280,283; x, Hz. Gryllus, ix, 96. Necrophorus, v. 58. Proeris, vii, 179. amcenum, Callidium, vi, 38, 43,148, pp. il, iii. Amphalocera, xi, 83. Amphasia, xii, 112, 115. interstitialis, xii, 112. Amphicerus bicaudatus, vi, 38, 43, 123, pp. i, Amphionycha, v. 158. Amphipyra pyramidoides, ii, 56; vii, 225. Amphorophora, viii, 42. ampla, Plusia, ix, 44. Amputating Brocade Moth. headed Cutworm.) amputatrix, Hadena, vii, 217. Amyela, viii, 35. amygdali, Aphis, viii, 102. amyntor, Ceratomia, vii, 167,279; x, 102. Anabrus simplex, vi, 54. Analcis, v, 135, 142, 143. fragariz, v, 143; vi, 38, 44, 83,85; p. iv; xii, 65. anargyra, Plusia, ix, 50. Anarsia lineaté]la. xii. 76. pruinella, xii, 77. Anaspis, Vv, 114. Anatis 15-punctata, vi, 174; vii, 128; viii, 174; db PLE Anchylochira, v, 96. Anchylopera, vii, 273. fragarie, vii, 108, 258, 282. Ancyloxypha numitor, x, 96. andria, Paphia, vii, 156, 279, 280. Angerona, Vii, 272. erocataria, vii, 243, 279. Angoumois Grain Mcth, Fly Weevil. Gele- chia cerealella, vii, 266,280,283; xii, 8, 144. (See Yellow- 4 INSECT INDEX. angulata, ASpidoglossa, v, 43. Photinus, v, 147. Searites, v, 43. angulum, Piusia, ix, 50. anguslacollis, Melos, v, 115. angustata, Amara, x, 41; xii, 110. angustatus, Macrodactylus, v,87. angusticornis, Truxalis, ix, 92. Anisodactylus, v, 47, 48,49; xii, 111, 113, 115, 116. baltimorensis, v, 48; xii, 112. discoideus, xii, 112. harrisi, xii, 112. opaculus, xii, 112. rusticus, xii, 112. sericeus, xii, 112. Anisophleba, viii, 35. Anisoplia, xii, 55. austriaca, xii, 54. Anisopteryx, vii, 241, 272. autumnata, Vii, 238, 277, 278, 279, 281; xi, 26, bl. pometaria, vii, 238, 277, 279, 281: x, 148. (See Spring Canker-worm.) vernata, iii, 99; vi, 16,89; p. i; vii 107, 110, 119, 238, 239, 277, 278, 279: xi, 25, 26, 29, 31. (See Spring Canker-worm.) Anisota senatoria, vii, 196. Anisotoma, v, 63. Anisotomide, v, 36, 56, 63. Annelida, ix, 58. annexa, Agrotis, x, 136; xii, 103,110. annulata, Brochimena, Ii, 62. Psylla, viii, 18. Annulated Psylla, Psylla annulata, viii, 18. annulipes, Aphis, viii, 211. = Anobium, v, 102. paniceum, v, 101; vi, 122; p. i. tenuistriatum, v, 102. Ancecia, vili, 35. Anomala, v, 83,88, 89; vi, 107. binotata, vi, 105; p. ii. lucicola, ii, 54; v, 89; vi, 105; p. ii. varians, ii, 54; v, 89; vi, 105; pp. i. ii. vitis, ii, 54. Anomis, Vii, 272. argillacea, vii, 228, 279. xylina, vii, 228. Anoma, V, 169. laticlavia, v, 169. anonyma, Tachina, xi, 97. Anoplitis, v, 174. Anorthosia punetipennella, i, 79. Ant, Yellow (See Yellow Ant). Anthaxia, v, 95,96. Anthicide, v, 34, 112,113,116. Anthieus, vy, 116. Anthobium, Vv, 75, protectum, V, 75. Anthocoris, iv, 197. insidiosus, xii, 43 musculosus, iv, 197. Anthomyia brassice, v, 67. Anthonomides, v, 135, 140, 141. Anthonomus, Vy, 152,141. pomorum, V, 141. prunicida, i, 15,66, 72; ii, 94; v, 141; vi, 136, 143, p. iii. pyri, v. 141. quadrigibbus, i, 77; v, 132,140,141; vi, 83, 85.135, pp. i, ii, iii. Anthophagus, v, 75. Antbophora retusa, xii, 150. anthracipennis, Aigeria, x, 106, 109. Anthrenus, v, 60,61. castanee, vi, 93. muszeorum. vi, 93. p. ili. Anthribide, v, 127, 128, 129. Anthribus, v, 129. Antiopa Butterfly, Vanessa antiopa. vii, 153, 279, 282, 283; x, 85, 163. antiopa, Vanessa, vii, 153, 279, 282, 283; x, 85, 163. Ants, Formicide, i, 60; iv, 6; v, 6; vi, 71; xii, 43, 44, 110, 111, 112, 114. Apanteles orobene, xii, 104. aparines, Aphis, viii, 88. Apatela, americana, Vii, 200; x, 130. hamamelis, x, 131. lepusculina, vii, 201; x, 130. oblinita, vii, 201; x, 181. occidentalis, x, 129. rubricoma, x, 132. superans, x, 131. Apatura, vii, 270. celtis, vii, 155,279, 280; x, 88,89. elyton, vii, 155; x, 89. herse, x, 89. Aphalara, viii, 212. Aphanobius sordidus, vi, 117. Aphelinus mytilaspidis, ii, 34; iv, 200. Aphide, vi, 72; vii, 6,71,278; viii, 19. Plant Lice.) Aphiden, viii, 34. Aphides. (See Plant Lice.) Aphides, Gall-making. (See Gall-making Aphides.) aphidicola, Formica, i, 61; viii, 150. Aphidide, viii, 6,10, 11,19,33,35. (See Plant Lice.) Aphidiides, viii, 175. Aphidina, viii, 19. ’ Aphidine, vii, 74; viii, 19, 29, 35, 36, 58, 39, 42, 44, 134,182,195. (See Plant Lice.) Aphidini, viii, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 83, 114. Aphidiphaga, v, 178, 182. Aphidius, viii, 55; xii, 90. avenaphis, vili, 176. lactueaphis, viii, 175. polygonaphis, viii, 175. viburnaphis, viii, 175. Aphidius, Cherry-louse. (See Cherry-louse Aphidius.) Cranberry-louse. (See Cranberry-louse Aphidius.) Grain-louse. dius.) (See (See Grain-louse Aphi- Aphis, viii, 79, 122. Aphis absinthii, viii. 69. INSECT INDEX. 5 Knotweed-louse. (See Knotweed-louse Aphidius.) Lettuce - louse. (See Aphidius.) Poplar-louse. dius.) Wheat-louse. dius). Willow-louse. dius.) Lettuce-louse (See Poplar-louse Aphi- (See Wheat-louse Aphi- (See Willow-louse Aphi- Characters, i, 56; viii, 34,36, 37, 38, 40, 84. Classification, viii, 33, 34, 36, 37,38. 40, 44, 80. Compared with Calaphis betulella, viii, 111. . I Hyalopterus, viii, 82. Lachnus, ili, 139. Myzus, viii, 74. Phorodon, viii, 69. Rhopalosiphum, viii, 79. Sipha, viii, 120. Food plants. i, 60; viii, 16, 27, 28, 38. Habits, viii, 38, 85. Nomenelature, viii, 16. Reproduction, viii, 29, 30. Typical species, viii, 42. acaroides, viii, 211. acerina, Vili, 78. aceris, viii, 49. acetosa, viii, 88, ambrosia, viii, 211. amyegdali, viii, 102. annulipes, viii, 211. aparines, viii, 88. apoeyni, viii, 94. armata, viil, 88. asclepiadis, viii, 191. var. lutescens, viii, 19}. atriplicis. vili, 88, 193. avene, viii, 51,176. beccabunge, viii, 97. bella, i, 60; viii, 106, 107, 197. berberidis, viii, 81. betula, viii, 110. betulacolens, viii, 110, 198, 199. bicolor, viii, 211. brassice, viii, 91. bursaria, viii, 34. capree, viii, 84. earduella, viii, 100. carye, Vili, 116. earyella, viii, 170. var., Vili, 171. eostalis, viii, 171. cephalanthi, viii, 97, 192. cerasi, viii, 42.93. eerasifolia, viii, 42,93. cerealis, viii, 51. chenopodii, viii, 88. eirceezandis, viii, 89. coreopsidis, viii, 193. eorni, viii, 101. | eornifolia, viii, 101, 198. coryli, viii, 106. eracce, Viil, 88. crategi, viii, 101. crategifolie, viii, 101. eucumeris, xii, 83. eucurbite, xii, 84. dahlig, viii, 88. daucei, viii, 181. diospyri, viii, 95. diplepha, viii, 211. discolor, viii, 211. euonymi, Viii, 88. euphorbie, viii, 57. fabe, viii, 88. fagi, viii, 43, 120. fraxini, viii, 147. fumipennella, viii, 171. furcipes, viii, 211. galliscabri, viii, 88. genist&, viii, 88. gibbosa, viii. 211. granaria, viii, 51,181. helianthi, viii, 194. hordei, viii, 51. hortensis, viii, 88. i humuli, viii, 42.87. hyperici, viii, 193. impatiens, viii, 98. laburni, viii, 88. lactuce, viii, 61. lanigera, viii, 43, 126, 183. (See Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree.) lathyri, viii, 64. lutesecens, viii, 191. maculella, viii, 171. mahaleb, viii, 70, 72. maidis, vii, 71, 75, 278; villi, 31, 89; xi, 67; xii, 41, 44. mali, vii, 73; viii, 23,25, 42,85. 86,89, 94, 121, 130; xi,9. (See Apple-tree Plant Louse.) malifoliz, viii, 86. marginella, viii, 171. marginipennis, Viil. 211. medicaginis, vili, 101,192. middletoni, viii, 99. nerii, viii, 95. onobrychis, viii, 64. oreaster, viii, 211. papaveris, viii, 88. pastinace, viii, 84. persice, viii, 42. pilosa, viii, 211. pinicolens, viii, 102. pisi. viii, 64. popnuili, viii, 105. populifoliz, viii, 102,15). pruni, viii. 42, 72, 82, 87. prunifolia, viii, 87. punetatella, viii, 171. pyri, viii, 101. quercifolix, viii, 79. quereus, viii, 108. rhodryas, viii, 211. ribicola, viii, 76. ribis, i, 60; viii, 76. ribis-nigri, viii, 61. roboris, viii, 34. rose, viii, 34, 42. rubecula. viii, 211. rumicis, viii, 88. var. atriplicis, viii, 193. salicicola, viii, 192. salieti, viii, 115. sambuci. viii, 100. sambucifoliz, vili, 100. setariz, viii. 192. solidaginis, viii, 49. sonchi, viii, 60. symphoriearpi, viii, 99. thlaspeas, viii, 8%. tulipee, viii, 81,188. ulmarie, vili, 64. ulmi, viii, 43, 119, 156. vernonie, viii, 97. verticolor, viii, 211. viburni, viii, 96. vice, viii, 88. vitis, villi, 55. xanthelis, viii, 211. Aphis. (See Plant louse.) Almond. (See Almond Aphis.) Apple leaf. (See Apple leaf Aphis.) Apple-tree. (See Apple-treejplant-louse.) Bean. (See Bean Aphis.) Beech. (See Beech Aphis). Bireh. (See Birch Aphis). Bottle-grass. (See Bottle-grass Aphis). Cherry-tree. (See Cherry-tree Aphis). Dogwood-leaf. (See Dogwood - leaf Aphis). Elder. (See Elder Aphis). Elm-leaf. (See Elm-leaf Aphis). found on the Willow, Siphonophora salicola, viii, 63, 192. Grain. (See Grain Plant-louse). Grape-inhabiting. (See Grape Louse). Hickory gall. (See Hickory gall Aphis). Hop. (See Hop Aphis.) Tronweed. (See Ironweed Aphis). Knotweed. (See Knotweed Aphis). Maize or Corn. (See Corn Plant-louse). Margived Spurge. (See Margined Spurge Aphis). Melon or Cucumber. louse). Milkweed. (See Milkweed Aphis). Mouldy. (See Mouldy Aphis). Oat. (See Grain Plant-louse). of the Apple-tree, Woolly. (See Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree). of the Canada Flea-bane, Siphonophora erigeronensis, Vili, 38. of the Elm-leaf Cockscomb Gail, Gly- phina (Byrsoerypta, Colopha) ulmi- cola, vii, 76; viii, 43,89, 142, 204. of the Elm-tree, Woolly. (See Woolly Aphis of the Elm-tree.) ofthe Oak, Woolly. (See Woolly Aphis of the Oak). (See Melon Plant- INSECT INDEX. of the Spanish Needle, Siphonophora coreopsidis, viii, 59. Peach-tree. (See Peach-tree Aphis). Pine-inhabiting. (See Pine-inhabiting Aphis). Plum, Plum-leaf or Plum-tree. Plum Aphis). Poplar-leaf. (See Poplar-leaf Aphis). Rose. (See Rose Aphis). Snowball. (See Snowball Aphis.) Snowberry. (See Snowberry Aphis). Spotted-spurge. (See Spotted-spurge Aphis). Spotted Willow. (See Spotted Willow Aphis). — Strawberry. (See Strawberry Aphis). Tamarack. (See Tamarack Aphis). Tansy. (See Tansy Aphis). Thorn-leaf. (See Thorn-leaf Aphis). Touch-me-not. (See Touch-me-not Aphis). Verbena. (See Verbena Aphis). Aphodiide, v, 37,79, 70,81; vi, 70,80, 82. Aphodius, vy, 81, fimetarius, y, 81. oblongus, v, 81. terminalis, v, 81. serval, v, 8l. aphrodite, Argynnis, vii, 150; x, 81. Aphrodite Butterfly, Argynnis aphrodite, Ayiltt, WEDS Si, telll apiarius, Trichodes, v, 109. apicalis, Philonthus, y, 68. apicatus, Elater, v, 100. apiculata, Locusta, ix, 95. Apide, vi, 71. Apion, v, 142. Apionides, v, 135, 142. Apis, v. 2. apivorus, Promachus, ii, 64; vi, 162, 165. Aploneura, viii, 37, 41, 42, 43. apocyni, Aphis, vili, 94. Apomerides, v, 133, 135, 142. Apotasimerides, v 133, 142. Apple-bud Worm, Eccopsis malana, xi, 16. Cureulio, Four humped Cureulio, Antho- nomus quadrigibbus, i, 77; v, 132,140, . 141; vi, 83, 85,1385, pp. i, il, iii. -leaf Aphis, Aphis malifolia, viii, 86. Apple Leaf-crumpler, Rascal Leaf-crump- ler, Leaf-crumpler, Phycita (Acrobasis) nebulo, i, 34; iii, 104,106,117; vi, 18. Compared with apple-bud worm, xi, 17. Figure of crumpled leaves containing larvee, iii, 117; vii, 249. imago, iii, 117; vii, 249. larva, anterior part, iii, 117; vii, 249. larva in ease, iii, 117; vii, 249. wings, iii, 119; vii, 250; x, 157. wings of individual bred on ecrab- apple, iii, 119; vii, 250; x, 157. Food-plants, i, 34; vii, 250, 279. Imago, iii, 118,128; vii, 249, 250. (See INSECT INDEX. Insect enemies, i, 34; iii, 121,123; xi, 13. Larva, iii, 118; vii, 249; x, 157. Life history, i, 34; iii, 118; vii, 249. Name, iii, 118. Quails feeding on, iii, 121. Range, i, 34. Remedies, i,34; ii, 15; iii, 106,121; vi, 11, 18; Vii, 250. Specific identity with Phycitau jglandis, iii, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123; iv, 188; vii, 251. Apple-leaf Folder, Lesser. (See Lesser Apple-leaf Folder.) Skeletonizer, Pempelia hammondi, vii, 252, 277. Tyer, Green. Tyer.) Apple Maggot-fly, Trypeta pomonella, i, 29. Midge, Sciara (Molobrus) mali, i, 19, 31, 32. -root Plant-louse. (See Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree.) Apple-tree Bark-louse. Bark-louse.) Borer, Flat-nheaded. (See Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer.) Round-headed. (See Round-headed Apple-tree Borer.) Caterpillar, Unicorn. Prominent.) Apple-tree Plant-louse or Aphis, Apple Plant Louse, Apple Louse, Aphis mali. Climatic influences, xi, 9. Color of thorax, viii, 23. Compared with other species, viii, 86.94, 121, 130. Description, viii, 85. Eggs, time of deposit, viii, 32. Example of group, viii, 45. Figure of head and antennae, viii, 89. of insect, vili, 85. of wing, vii, 73; viii, 25,85. Hibernation, viii, 32. Occurrence in 1881], xi, 9. Remedy, xi, 9. Type of genus, viii, 42. Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar, American Tent Caterpillar of - the Orchard, American Lackey Moth, Clisiogcampa americana, ii, 18; vii, 110. Hees; vi, 12; vii, 197; x, 123: compared with those of forest tent caterpillar, x, 123. Figure of eggs, x, 122,155. of larva, x, 122,155. of pupa, x, 122, 155. Food plants, vii, 197, 277,279; x, 128, 155. Habits and mode of life, vii, 111; x, 122, 155. Hibernation, vii, 197. Insect enemies, vii, 119. Larva, Vii. 197,198; x, 122,155. Moth, vii, 198. Occurrence in 1877, vii, 107, 110. Remedies, vi, 12, 13; vii, 197. Web, x, 122. Apple Weevil. Anthonomus pomorum, v,141. Apple-leaf (See Green (See Oyster-shell (See Unicorn | | 4 Worm. (See Codling Moth.) aquilegie, Hyalopterus, viii, 83. Arachnida, v, 1; ix, 58,65; xii, 114,115. Araneina, ix, 59. arboricola, Strigoderma, Vv, 89. Archippus Butterfly, Danais archippus, vii, 149, 281; x, 79,161. archippus, Danais, vii, 149,281; x, 79,161. Aretiay vil, 2a oxy 102 acra, xX, 115; xi, 62. arge, Vil, 182, 278,281; x, 115, 170. isabella, ix, 53; x, 115,169. phalerata, vii, 181,280; x, 115, 171. arctica, Hadena, vii, 96, 217,278; x, 137. Arctiidae, iv, 188. Areyptera lineata, ix, 93. arge, Arctia, vil, 182, 278,281; x, 115,170. Arge Tiger Moth, Arctia arge, vii, 182, 278, 28lis xx, LISS 170: argentifera, Plusia, ix, 50. argillacea, Aletia, vii, 228, 279. Anomis, vii, 228, 279. argus, Chelymorpha, vy, 176. Argynnis, Vii, 270. alcestis, vii, 150, x, 82. aphrouite, vii, 150; x, 81. atlantis, x, 82. bellona, x, 83,183. eybele, vii, 150; x, 81. diana, vii, 149, 282; x, 81. egleis, x, 164. idalia, vii, 149,282; x, 81, 162. myrina, xX, 82,161. . Argyrolepia, vii, 275. quercifoliana, vii, 4,114, 257,279, 281; 142. ariadne, Odontota, v, 175. Arma spinosa, ii, 64, 66; iii, 162; iv, 184; vi. 162, 163. armata, Aphis, viii, 88. Armed Heliothis. (See Corn worm.) Armed Soldier-bug, Spined Soldier-bug, Soldier-bug, Podisus (Arma) spinosus, ii, 64,66; iii, 162; iv, 184; vi, 162,163; vii, 119, 218. armicollis, Magdalis, v, 139; vi, 38, 43, 182, p. ii. armigera, Heliothis, vii, 4, 102, 231, 278,279; x, 150; xi, 5,82. (See Corn Worm.) armus, Limonius, v, 100; vi. 25. Army-worm, Black-worm, Leucania (Heliophila) unipuncta, vii, 33,98; x, 2,5; Xii, 120. Alternation of increase and decrease, xii, 120. Birds feeding on, vi, 57; xi, 15. Broods, vii, 224; x. 5,27; xi, 57. Chronological history, x, 6. Climatic influencés, Vi, 56,57,59; vii, 224; X, 33, 48,56; xi, 58. Cutworm habits, vi, 57,58; vii, 81,101; x. 5, 17,55: Eggs, vi, 58: x, 9. Figure of parasite, vii, 225; x, 38. of larva, vii, 101; x, 5; xii, 102. of moth, vii, 101; x, 5. rb. 8 INSECT. Figure of pupa, vii, 101; x, 5; xii, 102. Food plants, vi, 56,58, pp. ii,iii,iv; vii, 101, 278. 280, 283; x, 15,16; xi, 8,49,50; xii, 102. Habits and mode of life, vi, 57,58; vii, vii, 101, 224; x, 102; xi, 49,64. Hibernation, vi. 59; vii, 224; x, 27. Injuries, vi, 56,75; x, 15; xi, 49. Insect enemies, vii, 119,225; x, 36; xi, 52, 53, 63; xii, 102,120. Larva, vi, 75; vii, 102, 225; x, 8,12: xi, 49,56. notices of, x, 23; 12, 102. Life history, x, 5. Literature, x, 2,5, 6. Migrations, vi, 57,58; vii, 101; x. 16,55; xi, 61. Moth, vii, 102,225; x, 18. dates of captures of, x, 21; xi, 54,55; Xii, 102. Natural history, x, 7. Oecurrence in 1875, vi, 3,56. in 1880, x, 2. in 1881, xi, 4,8. in 1882, xii, 5, 102. Proper home of the species, x, 33; xi, 51. Pupa, x, 18. Remedies, vi, 59; vii, 101,225; x, 36, 42. Terms of life, x, 20. Army-worm, Fall. (See Fall Army-worm.) Wheat head. (See Wheat-head Army- worm.) Arphia sanguinaria, ix, 94. sulphurea, ix, 94. panthoptera, ix, 94. Arrhenodes, v, 181. septentrionalis, v, 151. septentrionis, v, 131. Arsilonche henrici, x, 171. arthemis, Limenitis, x, 88. Arthromacra nea, Vv, 113. Arthropoda, ix.58. > ’ Articulata, v, 1; ix, 57. arvensis, Dolerus, x, 64, 65, 67. Arytena, viii, 212. Arzama, Vii, 84. Asearis lumbricoides, ix, 70. asclepiadifolii, Siphonophora, viii, 58. asclepiadis, Aphis, viii, 191. Callipterus, viii, 196, 197, 198. Siphonophora, viii, 58,191. var. lutescens, Aphis, viii, 191. Siphonophora, viii, 191. Asemini, v, 153. Asemum, v, 153. Ash-gray Blister-beetle, Macrobasis uni- color (Lytta cinerea), ii, 64, 66; vi, 126, pp. i, ii. Pinion, Lithophane (Xylina) cinerea, Vii, 227, 277, 279, 280, 282. Ash-tree borer, Neoeclytus (Clytus) caprea, v, 154; vi, 38, 44, 151, p. i. Asida, v, 123. Asilid, iv, 20; v,20; vi, 73; ix, 61. INDEX. asilipennis, /Ageria, x, 106, 109. Asilus Flies, ix, 136. Asiphum, viii, 35, 200. Asopia, vii, 272. costalis, vii, 247, 278. farinalis, x, 157. asparagi, Crioceris, v, 165; vi, 158,165, p. i. Asparagus beetle, Crioéeris asparagi, ii, 6; V, 165; vi, 158, 165, p. i. Aspidiotus, i, 38,39; ii, 45. conchiformis, i, 34,54; ii, 87. (See Oys- ter-shell Bark-louse.) harrisi, i, 53; vii, 108, 277. pinifoliz, i, 39. salicis-nigre, i, 40. Aspidoglossa angulata, v, 43. subangulata, vi, 89, 140. ; Asterias Butterfly, Parsnip worm, Carrot worm, Papilio asterias, vii, 137, 188, 280, 281; x, 74,173. asterias, Papilio, vii, 137, 138, 280,281; x, 74, 175. asteris, Trypeta, i, 33. Astoma, ili, 158. gryllaria, vi, 56. atalanta Butterfly, Pyrameis atalanta, vii, 153, 281; xX, 86. atalanta, Pyrameis, vii, 153,281; x, 86. Ataxia, v, 158. Atemeles, v, 73. Cava, V, 73. | ater, Oeypus, v, 69. Aterpides, v, 134. Atheroides, viii, 34. serrulatus, viii, 34. Athous, v, 99,100; vi, 25. atlantis, Argynnis, x, 82. Caloptenus, vi, 45; vii, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40; ix, 92, 96, 122, 124, 125, 131.132, 1384. (See Lesser Locust.) Atoma, iii, 158. gryllaria, ili, 157; ix. 136. atra, Lucidota, v, 106. atrata, Pimpla, vi, 42. atriplicis, Aphis, viii, 88, 193. atriventris, Loxopeza, xii, 109,115. atrox, Gidipoda, 1x, 95. Atrytone hobomok, x, 97. Attacus cecropia, x, 126. cynthia, x, 125. polyphemus, iv, 23; v, 23; x, 124; xi, 54. promethea, x, 125. Attagenus, Vv, 60. pellio, v, 60; vi, 92, p. iv. Attelabides, v, 135, 141. Attelabus, v, 141, 142. attenuatus, Ludius, vi, 25,119; vii, 29. Aulenium, v, 66. auratus, Chrysochus, v, 168; vi, 164, p. ii. aurichalcea, Cassida, vi, 172, p iv. Coptoeyela, v. 177; vi, 172. aurifera, Plusia, ix, 42,50. austriaca, Anisoplia, xii, 54. autodice, ix, 27,28. INSECT INDEX. 9 autumnalis, Prodenia, vii, 98, 219. var. fulvosa, Prodenia, vii, 219. var. obscura, Prodenia, vii, 219. autumnata, Anisopteryx, Vii, 238, 277, 278, 279, 281° xi, 26,31. avene, Aphis, vili, 51,176. Siphonophora, viii, 29, 51. avenaphis, Aphidius, viii, 176. Praon, viii, 176. ; Azure-blue Butterfly, Lycwna pseudargi- olus, vii, 158; x, 95. B Babia, v, 129, 169, 170. biguttata, v, 170. bachmanni, Libythea, vii, 157; x, 90. Badister, v, 46, 47. Bag-worm, Basket-worm, Cedar-worm, Thyridopteryx ephemereformis, vii, 187; xii, 101. Description of moth, vii, 1838. of pupa, vii. 187. Egg, place of deposit, ii, 86. Figure of eggs, x, 118; xii, 101. of larva, x, 118; xii, 101. of moth, x, 118; xii, 101. of pupa, x, 118; xii, 101. Food-plants, vii, 188; xii, 101. Habits, vii, 188; x, 118; xii, 101. Life history, vii, 188; x, 118. Oceurrence, Vii, 188; xii, 101. Prevention and remedies, vi, 13; vii, 188; e xii, 101. Bagous, v, 140. bajulus, Hylotrupes, v, 154. Balaninides, v, 135,140; vi, 85. Balaninus, v, 132, 140. nasicus, vi, 83, 154, p. ii. balluca, Plusia, vii, 228, 280; ix, 44, 45, 50. Balm of Gilead Plant-louse, Chaitophorus eandieans, viii, 105. baltimorensis, Anisodactylus, v, 48; xii, 112. oarbita, Magdailis, vi, 132. Baridiides, v, 135, 144. Baridius, v, 144. trinotatus, vi, 142, p. iii. Bark beetles, Heteromerous (See Hetero- merous Bark beetles). Borer, Hickory (See Hickory Bark Borer). Bark Lice, Coccides, Coccide, classifica- tions, vii, 120; viii, 11,33: ix, 60. Eggs distinguished from larve of mites i, 46. Food plants, i, 23. Galls, i, 44. Habits and mode of life, ii, 87. Insect enemies, vy, 129,183; xii, 116. Larve distinguished from larve of mites, i, 42,46. Males and females compared, i, 40. Prevention and remedies, i, 46,47; vi, 10, ls Proboscis, ii, 29. Two-winged form, iv, 13; v, 13. Bark-louse, Apple or Apple-tree Ovster-shell Bark-louse). Black-willow (See Black-willow Bark- louse). Harris’s (See Harris’s Bark-louse). Maple-tree or Maple (See Maple Bark- louse). Oyster-shell (Ses louse). Bark-miner and Borer, Elm-tree Cureculio). Hickory (‘See Hickory Bark Borer). of the Pine-tree (See Pales Weevil). Bark Miners (See Short-horned Wood- borers). baroni, Melita, x, 163. basilare, Sinoxylon, v, 103; vi, 38,43, 124, pp. i, ii, iii, iv. basilaris, Bostrichus, v, 103; vi, 124. Basket-worm (See Bag-worm). bathyllus, Eudamus, vii, 162,277,280, 283; x, 98. Bathyllus Skipper, Eudamus bathyllus, vii, 162, 277, 280, 283; x, 98. Batracbedra salicipomonella, i, 79. Batrachidea, ix, 86. Batyle suturalis, v, 155. Bdellide, ix, 65. Bean Aphis, Aphis rumicis, viii, 88, 181, 183. Weevil, Bruchus obsoletus=B. fabe, v, 129; vi, 128,p. i. (See Pea and Bean Weevils.) Beautiful Wood-nymph, Blue Caterpillar of the Vine, Eudryas grata, vii, 176, 178, 280, 283; X, 111, 112, 173. beceabunge, Aphis, viii, 97. beckeri, Pieris, ix, 27,28. Bed-bugs, Cimicide, vi, 73: ix, 59,60. Bee-killer, Nebraska. (See Nebraska Bee- killer.) lice, Braulina, ix, 61. Moth, Wax Worm, Galleria cereana, vii, 253, 277, 288. (See Clear Wing: see Thysbe Clear Wing.) Beech Aphis, Phyllaphis (Aphis) fagi, viii, 43, 120. Blight, Schizoneura fagi, viii, 140. -tree Blight, Schizoneura imbricator, Vili, 139. Bees, Apis, Apida, iv, 2,17; v, 2,17,117; vi, lets OO! Beetle-mites, Oribatide, ix, 65. Beetles, Coleoptera, iv, 24; v, 24; vi, 68, 79; ix, 60. Borers, vi, 37. Cavturing and preserving, iv, 14; v, 14. Characteristics, iv, 25,26; v, 25,26; vi, 79. Classification, iv, 25,35; v, 25,32. remarks on, iv, 29; v, 29. suggestions to aid in, iv, 32; v, 32. Description, iv, 26; v, 26; vi, 79. (See Oyster-shell Bark- Elm-tree (See 10 INSECT Families, vi, 70, 86. Figure of typical beetle, iv, 27; v, 27; ix, 78. antenne, iv, 28; v, 28. Food, iv, 19,29; v, 19,29. Larve, iv, 8,29; v, 8,29; vi, 77,79; x, 61. Nomenclature of parts, iv, 26; v, 26. Parasitic species, v, 112. Pupe, iv, 29; v, 29; vi, 80. Structure, iv, 9,11, 12, 13,26; v, 9,11, 12,13, 26; vi, 79. Synopsis of tribes, v, p. xvi. Synoptical table of families, vi, 86. Beetles, Aberrant Wood (See Aberrant Wood beetles). Darkling (See Darkling Beetles). Heteromerous Bark (See Heteromerous Bark beetles). Fungus (See Heteromerous Fungus beetles). Ground (See Heteromerous Ground beetles). Lamellicorn Dung (See Lamellicorn Dung beetles). fLland Seavenger (See Land Seavenger beetles). Long-horned (See Long-horned Wood- borers). Parasitic (See Parasitic Beetles). Predaceous (See Predaceous Beetles). Ground (See Predaceous Ground beetles). Plant-louse (See Lady-bugs). Saw-horned Wood (See Saw-horned Wood beetles). Short-winged Scavenger (See Short- winged Seavenger beetles). Snout (See Snout Beetles). Soft-winged Predaceous (See winged Predaceous beetles). Stag (See Stag Beetles). Tetramerous Plant (See Tetramerous Plant beefles). Tiger (See Tiger Beetles). Trimerous Fungus (See Trimerous Fun- gus beetles). Water Scavenger (See Water Scavenger beetles). belfragii, Mermiria, ix, 92. (Edipoda, ix, 90, 94,111. blanda, Systena, v, 173. bella, Aphis, i,60; viii, 106,107,197. Callipterus, Viiig 196, 197. Deiopeia, vii, 180. Myzoeallis, viii, 106. Utetheisa, vii, 180; x, 113. bellona, Argynnis, x, 83, 183. Bembecide, vi, 71. Bembediides, v, 41, 49. berberidis, Aphis, viii, 81. Rhopalosiphum, viii, 81. Berosus, v, 54. betula, Aphis, viii, 110. Callipterus, viii, 110. Soft- INDEX. Glyphina, viii, 142. betulzeecolens, Aphis, viii, 110, 198,199. Callipterus, viii, 196, 198. | betulella, Calaphis, viii, 110,111, 199. biearnea, Agrotis, vii, 204. bicaudatus, Amphicerus, vi, 38,43, 128, pp. i, N ii, iii. Bostrichus, v, 102; vi, 123. bicolor, Aphis, viii, 211. Languria, v. 181. Notoxus, v, 116. Odontota, v. 175. bicornis, Hoplocephala, v, 125. biguttata, Babia, v, 170. biguttatus, Endomychus, y, 182. bilinearia, Endropia, vii, 248, 279, 281. bilineatus, Stenobothrus, ix, 103. biloba, Plusia, vii, 229; ix, 43, 44, 46, 47. bimaculata, Plusia, ix, 44,50. binotata, Anomala, 6, 105, p. ii. Bipartiti, v, 43. bipustulata, Nitidula, v, 60. Birch Aphis, Callipterus betule, viii, 110. biseliella, Tinea, vii, 265, 278, 280. bivittata, Cas-ida, v,.175, 177; vi, 172, p. iv. Mermiria, ix, 87, 92,97. Opomola, ix, 92. Opsomola, ix, 92. Saperda, v, 157; vi, 38, 84, 152. (See Round- — headed Apple-tree Borer.) bivittatum, Acridium, ix, 96. bivittatus, Caloptenus, vi, 56; ix, 90, 91, 96, 120, 126, 183, 134, 135. Gryllus, ix, 96. ~ bivulnerus, Chilocorus, ii, 93; v, 184; vi, 174; vii, 128; viii, 174. Blackberry Flea-louse, Psylla rubi, viii, 17. Blaeck-C Rustie (See spotted cutworm). Currant Borer, #geria caudata, vii, 172, 279, 282; x, 106, 108. Cutworm (See Greasy Cutworm). Fly, Dolphin, Collier, viii, 183. Gnats, Simulide, vi, 78; ix, 59. -legged Diraphia, Diraphia femoralis, viii, 14. Tortoise-beetle, Wamlidicewalenliviee -wiilow Bark-louse, Aspidiotus salicis- nigre, i, 40. worm (See Army worm). Blaps, vi, 128. Blapstinus, v, 123. Blatta, v, 129. Blattide, vi, 70; ix, 73, 80, 82. \ Blechrus lineatus, xii, 27. Bledius, v, 71. ; Blepharida, v, 166,171, 172, 176. rhois, v, 172; vi, 167, p. iv. Blight, Alder, (See Alder Blight). Beech (See Beech Blight). -tree (See Beech-tree Blight). Hickory (See Hickory Blight). Oak (See Woolly Aphis of the Oak). Pine-tree (See Pine-tree Blight). Cassida nigripes, INSECT INDEX. Blind-eyed Sphinx, Smerinthus excxcatus, Vii, 167, 277, 282. Blissus leucopterus, vii, 15, 40,278,283; xi, 6; xii, 32, (See-Chinch-bug). var. albivenosus, vii, 56. basalis, vii, 56. dimidiatus, vii, 56. femoratus, vii, 56. fulvivenosus, vil, 56. immarginatus, vii, 56. );melanosus, vii, 57. nigricornis, vii, 56. opterus, vii, 56. rufipedes, vii, 56. Blister-beetle, Ash-gray, (See Ash-gray Blister-beetle). Margined beetle). Beetles, Canitharides, Blistering Beetles, Meloide, iv, 20; v, 20,110, 112, 113, 114, 119; vi, 80, 83, 86, 125. Blow-flies, vi, 74. Blue-bottle Flies (See House Flies). Blue Caterpillar of the Vine (See Beauti- ful Wood-nymph). (See Eight-spotted Forester). (See Grape-vine Epimenis). (See Pearly Wood-nymph). boisduvali, Cypherotylus, v. 180,181. Bolbocerus, v, 81, 82. farctus, v, 82. filicornis, v, 82. lazarus, Vv, 82. Boletobius, v. 74,75. Bolitophaga, vy, 178. Bolitophagus, v, 125. eornutus, v, 125. Boll worm (See Corn worm). Bombycide, iv, 172; vi. 72; vii, 176,178, 269, PAIS 6: 106% Borer and Bark-miner, Elm-tree, (See Elm- tree Curculio). Apple-tree, Flat-headed, headed Apple-tree Borer). Round-headed (See Round-headed Apple-tree Borer). Ash-tree (See Ash-tree Borer). Black Currant (See Black Currant Borer). Cherry-tree (See Cherry-tree Borer). Currant (See Currant Borer). Elm-tree (See Elm-tree Borer). Flat-headed (See Flat-headed Apple- tree Bore). Grape Root (See Grape Root Borer). (See Broad-necked Prionus). Hickory Bark (See Hickory Bark Borer). -tree (See Hickory-tree Borer). -trunk (See Hickory-truok Borer). Honey-locust (See Honey-locust Borer). Legged Maple (See Maple 4gerian). (See Margined Blister- (See Flat- | 11 Lilae (See Lilac Borer). Locust (See Locust Borer; see Locust tree Carpenter Moth.) Lombardy Poplar (See Lombardy Pop- lar Borer). Peach-root (See Peach Borer). -tree (See Peach Borer). twig (See Strawberry Crown Miner). Pear-tree (See Pear-tree Borer). Pine-tree (See Pine-tree Borer). Raspberry (See Raspberry Cane Borer). Round-headed Apple-tree (See Round- headed Apple-tree Borer). Shagbark Hickory-tree (See Shagbark Hickory-tree Borer). Squash-vine (See Squash Borer). Stalk (See Stalk Borer). Sugar-maple (See Sugar-maple Borer). Twig (See Parallel Longhorn). and Axil (See Twig and Axil Borer). Borers, vi, 9, 11, 32,77, 113. (See Bark-borers; Root-borers; Stalk- Borers.) Long-horned (See Long - horned Borers). Short-horned (See Short-horned Wood Borers). Boring Hylurgus, Hylurgus terebrans, y, 146; vi, 38, 43, 146, p. iii. Bostrichides, v, 101. Bostrichus, v, 101, 10g. bicaudatus, v, 102; vi, 123. basilaris, v, 103; vi, 124. Bot Flies, Breeze Flies, stride, vi, 73, 74; ix, 59, 60,61. -fly, Horse (See Horse Bot-fly). Ox (See Ox Bot-fly). Sheep (See Sheep Bot-fly). -ticks. Nycteribide, ix, 61. | Botis, penitalis, x, 154. Bottle-grass Aphis, Siphonophora setariz, Vill, 56, 192. Botys, vii, 272. flavidalis, vii, 248. bovis, Hypoderma, ix, 61. Brachelytra, v, 33,36, 66. | Brachinides, v, 41, 44, 46. Brachinus, v, 44. fumans, V, 44. Brachyacantha, v. 184. Brachybamus, v, 140. Brachycera. i, 32. Brachyderides, v, 134, 137. | Brachyides, v, 94. Brachys, v, 95, 96. zerosa, v, 96. ovata, v, 96. terminans, v, 96. | Braechystylus, vy, 134. Brachytarsus, v, 129. Bracon charus, vi, 110. bractea, Plusia, ix, 42, 44,50. 119 INSECT INDEX. Bradycellus, v, 48,49; xii, 112. dichrous, xii, 112. brassica, Anthomyia, v, 67. Aphis, viil, 91. Papilio, v, 3. Pieris, ix, 14,19, 35. Plusia, vii. 229,278; 47,50; x, 140; xi, 38. Theridion, ix, 21. brassicella, Cerostoma, ix, 52. Brassy Dibolia, Dibolia wrea, v, 173. Braulina, ix, 61. Breeze Flies (See Bot Flies). Brenthian, Northern (See Northern Bren- thus). Brenthide, v, 127, 128, 180. Brenthus, v, 181. minutus, v, 131. septentrionis, v, 181. septentrionalis, v, 131. brevicollis, Cratonychus, vi, 117; vii, 30. brevicornis, Acrida, ix, 92. Gryllus, ix, 92. Ludius, vi, 23; vii, 21. Prionus, v, 152. Pyrgomorpha, ix, 92. Truxalis. ix, 87,92. 97, 133. brevipennis, Opsomala, ix, 92. Brevirostres, v, 132, 133, 136; vi, 83,130. Broad-necked Prionus, Grape Root Borer, Prionus laticollis, v, 151; vi, 36,38, 43, 147; p. i, ii, iii. Brochimena annulata, ii, 62. ' Brontes, v, 65, 66. planatus, v, 65. brontes, Daremma, x, 102. Bruchide, v, 35, 127,128, 129; vi, 70,81, 83, 85, 86, 127. Bruchus, v, 129. fabe, vi, 128. granarius, ii, 6; v, 129: vi, 129; pp. i, iii. obsoletus, v, 129; vi, 128; p.i. pisi, v, 129; vi, 127; p. iii. Bruchus, Grain (See Grain Bruchus). brunnea, Colaspis, xii, 104. Parandra, v, 152. brunneus, Ptinus, vy, Bryoporus, vy, 75. Buck Moth, Maia Moth, Saturnia (Hucronia) maia, vii, 195, 279, 281; x, 127, 163. Bud Mites (See Plant Mites). worm (See Corn worm). Buffalo Gnats, i, 32. Bugs, Hemiptera, 10, 60. Capturing and preserving, iv, 14; v, 14. Characters, vi, 69, 76, viii, 9; iv, 75. Classification, iv, 24,25; v, 24,25; vi, 68, 69, 72; viii, 9,11; iv, 60. Habits, iv,32; v, 82. Key to order, viii. 11. Larve, vi, 76; x, 60. Metamorphosis, iv,8; v, 8. Mouth parts, iv,12; v,12. ix, 14, 19, 25, 40, 43, 44, 101,102; vi, 122; pp. i, ii. Preyed upon by predaceous ground beetles, xii, 114, 115. Pupe, vi, 76. Sounds, iv,7; v,7; - Sub-orders, vi, 69,76; viii, 9, 11. bulbipes, Trombidium, viii, 108. bumelix, Prociphilus, viii, 147, Buprestide, iv, 28,30,37; v,28,30,37, 92,93, 94, 97; vi, 35,37, 70, 77, 80, 82, 84, 86, 87,109; »ii,150. (See Saw-horned Wood-borers.) Buprestis, v, 94.95, 96. ocellata, v, 106. bursaria, Aphis, viii, 34. Butterflies and Moths, Caterpillars, Lepi- doptera, vi, 71; x, 62.72; xii, 114. Analytical classification of families and genera, vii, 269. Classification, iv, 25; v,25; vi,68; vii, 269; ix, 60. Description, vi, 69. Eggs, place of deposit, vi, 74. Families, vi, 71. Food of larve,i,79; x, 72. Habits, vi,79; x, 72. Injuries, iv,30; v,30; vi, 75. Inseet enemies, vi, 74; xii, 150. Larve, vi. 75,77; x, 72. of Mgeride, x, 106. Bombycide, x, 113. Butterflies, x.73. Lepidoptera, x, 142, 145. Noctuide, x, 128. Sphingide, x, 99. Zygenide, x, 110. Metamorphosis, iv,8; v,8. Structure, iv, 1, 2, 6, 12, 13,14; v,1, 2,6, 12,13, Avi orexOl. Byrrhide, iv, 36; v,36, 56, 62. - Byrrhus, v, 62,119. pilula, v, 62. Byrsoerypta, Vili, 34,38. pseudobyrsa, Vili, 151. ulmicola, viii, 43, 142, 204. vagabundus, iv, 194; viii, 151. vitifoliae, viii, 158. Byrsopsides, v, 134. Cc Cabbage bug, Harlequin Cabbage bug). (See Harlequin Butterfly, European (See European Cabbage worm). Southern (See Southern Cabbage Butterfly). Cutworm, Agrotis annexa, x, 136; xii, 103, 110. Flea-beetle (See Striped Flea-beetle). Flies, i, 32. -garden Pebble Moth, Pionea forficalis, ix, 40. Pionea, Purple Cabbage worm, Orobena (Pionea) rimosalis, ix, 2, 21 Xi, Ssoos Rll, 104. INSECT INDEX. Plant-louse, Aphis brassice, viii, 45,91. ! Plusia, Plusia brassice, vil, 229,278; ix, 14, 19, 35, 40, 43, 44, 47,50; x, 140; xi, 38. Spider, Theridion brassice, ix, 21. Tinea, European Cabbage Web Moth, Plutella cruciferarum, vii, 266,278, 280, OPA Tib:ey [a worm, Imported bage worm). Purple (See Cabbage Pionea). worms, Pieris, xii, 7. Caberodes, confusaria, vii, 244, 272. Caddis flies, Phryganea, i, 62. Ceenia, v, 105. exruleipennis, Chrysomela, v, 168. eeruleus, Encyclops, v, 156. ezsonia, Colias, x, 78. calamorum, Diraphia, viii, 14. Calamus Diraphia, Diraphia calamorum, viii, 14. Calandra, iv: 183; v, 64,144. ealandre, Pteromalus, xii, 151. Calandrides, v, 135, 144. ealanus, Thecla, x, 93. Calaphis., viii, 37,38, 110, 199. betulella, viii, 110, 111,199. Calathus, v, 44,48, 49: xii, 109,115. gregarius, v, 49; xii, 109. ealendule, Siphounophora, viii, 190. ealendulella, Siphonophora, viii, 188. calidum, Calosoma, ii, 64; v, 42; vi, 89,162, 163; vii, 118,119,218; x, 41; xi, 27; xii, 108. ealiginosus, Harpalus, ii, 64; iv, p. vii, 10, 26, 27; v, 10,26,27; vi, 90,162,163; ix, 78; x, 41; xii, 112. Calleida, v, 44, 45. eallidice, Pieris, ix, 28. Callidiini, v, 158,154. Callidium, vy, 154. (See European Cab- sp., vi, 149. Callidryas, vii, 269. eubule, vii, 147,278; x, 78. Calligrapha, v, 166, 167. Callimome puparum, ix, 18. Callimorpha, vii, 271. fulvicosta, ii, 49; vii, 180; x, 113. interrupto-marginata, vii, 181. lecontei, ii, 6,47; vii, 181; x, 114. var. fulvicosta, ii, 47; vii, 181. militaris, ii, 49. vestalis, ii, 49. _ Callimorpha Pear Caterpillar, Pear Cater- pillar, Solitary Caterpillar, Callimorpha lecontei, and C. fulvicosta or C. lecontei, var. fulvicosta, ii, 6,47; vii, 180,181; x, 113, 114. Callipteriden, viii, 35. Callipterus, viii, 35,37,38,39, 41, 42, 43, 82, 104, 106, 108, 109, 114, 118, 120, 170, 187’, 192, 195, 199. asclepiadis, viii, 196, 197, 198. bella, viii, 196, 197. betula, viii, 110. 13 betulzcolens, viii, 196, 198. carye, Vili, 196, 199. earyellus, viii, 170. var, Viii, 171. costalis, viii, 171. castanee, viii, 114. discolor, viii, 196, 198. fumipennellus, viii, 171. hyalinus, viii, 196, 198. juglandis, viii, 113. maculellus, viii, 171. marginellus, viii, 171. mucidus, viii, 172. punctata, viii, 196, 198. punetatellus, viii, 171. quercicola, viii, 196, 199. quercifolii, viii, 48, 112. quereus, vili, 108, 113, 196. ulmicola, viii, 111. ulmifolii, viii, 195, 196. walshi, viii, 195, 196. Callosamia, vii, 271. promethea, vii, 193, 277, 279,281; x, 176. ealmariensis, Galeruca, Vv, 171. Caloptenus, ix, 86, 106, 132, 184. atlantis, vi, 45; vii, 35,36, 38, 39,40; ix, 92, 96, 122, 124, 125, 131, 132,134. (See Lesser Locust.) bivittatus, vi, 56; ix, 90, 91,96, 120, 126, 133, 134, 135. differentialis, vi, 44, 45; ix, 91,96, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134. femoratus, ix, 96. femur-rubrum, i, 99; iii,158; vi, 45,56; vii, $5, 36, 37, 38; ix, 86,91, 95, 96, 121, 122, 123, 124, 131, 133, 134,135. (See Red-legged Lo- cust.) italicus, ix, 132. spretus, i, 82; iii, 158; vi, 44, pp. ii, iii, iv; Vii, 35, 36,38, 39, 40; ix, 74, 76, 92, 96, 121, 124, 125, 126, 131, 183,135; xii, 47. (See Rocky Mountain Locust.) Caloptenus, Lubberly (See Lubberly Ca- - loptenus). Striped (See Striped Caloptenug), Calopteron, v, 105. dimidiatum, v, 105. reticulatum, v, 105. seapulare, v, 105. terminale, v, 10. Calosoma, V. 42,43; xii, 108, 116. ealidum, ii, 64; v, 42; vi, 89,162,163; vii,” 118,119,218; x, 41; xi, 27; xii, 108. externum, x, 4l. serutator, vi, 88; vii, 118; x, 41; xi, 27; xii, 108. wilcoxi, x, 41. Calpe canadensis, x, 187,172. ealyce, Pieris, ix, 27, 29. Camnula, ix, 84. pellucida, ix, 88, 95, 118. tricarinata, ix, 95. campestris, Cicindela, iv, 4; v, 4. 14 INSECT INDEX. eanadensis, Calpe, x, 187,172. Dendroides, v, 117. eandelaria, Fulgora, v, 106. eandicans, Chaitophorus, viii, 105. candida. Saperda, vi, 35,38, 44, 83, 84, 152, pp. i,ii,iii, (See Round-headed Apple-tree Borer.) Canker-worm, Fall (See Fall Canker- worm). Spring (See Spring Canker-worm). Yellow (See Yellow Canker-worm). Canker-worms, Anisopteryx, Insect ene- mies, xii, 108,109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119. (See Spring Canker-worm.) Cantharides (See Blister Beetles). Cantharis, v, 116. Canthon, v, 81. laevis, v, 80. eanthus, Neonympha, x, 91. capistratum, Choeridium, v, 80. capre, Clytus, v, 154; vi, 38, 44, 151, p. i. Neoclytus, vi, 36,88, 151. capree, Aphis, viii, 84. Siphocoryne. viii, 84. eaprifolii, Abia, x. 65, 66. Capside, ii, 66; vi, 73; viii, 12. Cupsus, ii, 62. linearis, ii, 62, 65, 60. quadrivittatus, ii, 61. eara, Catoeala, vii, 235, 279. Carabide, iv, 14, 24,34, 36; v, 14, 24, 34, 36, 38, 39, 92, 111,119, 121; vi, 70,80, 81, 87, 88; xii, 7,106, 107, 108, 119. (See Predaceous Ground- beetles.) Carabides, v, 41, 42, 46. caraboides, Trogosita, iv, 183. Carabus, v, 89, 40, 42, 43. Cardiophorus, v, 98. earduella, Aphis, viii. 100. eardui, Pyrameis, vii, 154, 278, 282; x, 87, 153. earinata, Amara, xii, 110. (Edipoda, ix, 94. earinatus, Tomonotus, ix, 94. earinoides. Microdes, xi, 18. Carmonia picta, vi, 174. ecarnifex, Copris, v, 81. Phanzus, v, 81. Carnivora aquatica, v, 36,50. mollipennata, v, 37, 104. terrestria, v, 36,37. earolina, Copris, v, 80. Locusta, ix, 94. Maerosila, vii, 168, 280,281,282; x, 105,158. (Hdipoda, ix, 88,94, 111, 134. Carolina Locust, Gidipoda carolina, ix, 88, 94,111, 134. Sphinx (See Tobacco Worm Moth). earoliniana, Locusta, ix, 94. carolinianum, Acridium, ix, 94. earolinum, Acridium, ix, %4. earolinus, Gryllus, ix, 94. Carpenter Moth, Locust-tree. (See Locust- tree Carpenter Moth.) earpenteri, Ceraphron, viii, 54. Carpet Moth, Tinea tapetzella, vii, 264,278. earpini, Psylla, viii, 18. Carpocapsa, vii, 273. pomonella, i, 19, 27,30, 31, 32, 67,81; iv, 167; v, 64: vii, 260,277; x, 151; xi, 19,31. (See Codling Moth.) Carpophaga, iv, 19; v. 19,128. Carpophilides, v, 59. Carpopbilus, v, 59. Carrion Fy, v, 6. Carrot Plant-louse, Aphis dauei, viii, 181. worm (See Asterias Butterfly). carye, Aphis, viii, 116. Callipterus, viii, 196,199. Eriosoma, viii, 141. Halesidota, x, 168. Lachnus, viii, 116. Schizoneura, viii, 141. Scolytus, v, 146,148; vi, 145. Selandria, x, 64, 65, 66. caryecaulis, Pemphigus, viii, 160. Phylloxera, viii, 160. ecarye-fallax, Phylloxera, viii, 164. ecaryefoliw, Phylloxera, viii, 161,164. earye-globosa, Phylloxera, viii, 163. earye-globuli, Phylloxera, viii, 164. carye-gummosa, Phylloxera, viii, 164. eary@e-ren, Phylloxera, viii, 164. earyw-semen, Dactylosphera, i, 28. Phylloxera, viii, 163, 164. ecaryevene, Pemphigus, vili, 162. Phylloxera, viii, 162. cary@-septa, Phylloxera, vi, 164. earyella, Aphis, viii, 170. var., Aphis, viii, 171. costalis, Aphis, viii, 171. caryellus, Callipterus, viii, 170. var., Callipterus, viii, 171. eostalis, Callipterus, viii, 171. Case Bearer (See Walnut Leaf-crumpler). easci, Piophila, i, 32. Casnonia, Vv, 44. pennsylvaniea, v, 45. Cassida, v, 42, 162, 175, 176,177; vi, 83, 171. aurichalecea, vi, 172, p. iv. bivittata, v, 175,177; vi, 172, p. iv. eyanea, Vv, 176. guttata. vi, 172, p. iv. nigripes, V, 177; vi, 172. pallida, v, 177. thoracica, V, 177. Cassidarie, v, 162. cassidea, Chelymorpha, v, 176. Cassidide, v, 162; vi, 85. Cassidides, v, 127, 161, 163, 175. Cassidine, vi, 157,171, p. ili. ie casta, Pieris, ix, 27. var. cruciferarum, Pieris, ix, 27. eastanea, Trogosita,.iv, 182, 183. eastaneew, Anthrenus, vi, 93. Callipterus, viii,114- Chermes, Viii, 164. Phylloxera, viii, 164. Castnia, x, 110. INSECT eastoria, Pieris, ix, 27. ° var. resede, Pieris, ix, 27. eatalpe, Sphinx, x, 104. eataphracta, Gortyna, Vii, 221. Caterpillar Hunter, Green-spotted. Rummaging Beetle.) Red-spotted. beetle.) Caterpillars. (See Butterflies.) Catoceala, vii, 199, 234, 272. amatrix, Vii, 235, 279. Gara, Vii, 235,279. desperata, Vii, 234, 279. grynea, x, 183. lireella, x, 182. neogama, Vii, 236, 279. ultronia, Vii, 235, 279. Catogenus, V, 65, 66. rufus, Vv, 66. Catops, v, 55, 57. eatullus, Pholisora, vii, 162, 281; x, 98. eaudata, Ageria, vii, 172, 279, 282; x, 106, 108. Silpha, v, 58. cava, Atemeles, v, 73. Cebrionide, v, 37, 92, 93. Cecidomyia, i, 19, 61, 62, 65, 79. destructor, i, 18; ix, 3,5; X, 200; xi, 7,29. leguminicola, x, 201. tritici, i, 7,18. Cecidomyide, vi, 73; x, 200. eecropia, Attacus, x, 126. Samia, vii, 193, 277, 279, 281; x, 126, 177. Cecropia Moth. Cecropia Silk Worm, Atta- eus (Samia) cecropia, vii, 193,277,279, 281; x, 126,177. Cedar worm. (See Bag worm.) Celery worm, Silver-marked Moth, Plusia simplex, ix, 43, 44,48, 50; xi, 8,38, 58. cellaris, Cryptophagus, Vv, 62. celtis, Apatura, Vii, 155, 279, 280; x, 88,89. eenterensis, Cossus, x, 151. Centipede, Flattened. (See Flattened Cen- tipede.) Centipedes, iv, 58. Centrinus, v, 144. eephalanthi, Aphis, viii, 97, 192. Cerambycide, vy, 9,30, 34, 127, 150, 160; vi, 35,70, 77, 81, 83, 86, 146, 150). Cerambycides, v, 148, 150, 152, 155, 157; vi, 36. Cerambycine, vi, 83, 84, 148, 152. Cerambycini, v, 153, 154. Cerambyx, v, 150. Cersmicea, Vii, 271. exusta, ix, 52. picta, vi, 60; p. iii; vii, 226, 280, 281,282; ix, Osx Sos Ceraphron carpenteri, vili, 54. cerasaphis, Trioxys, viii, 176. eerasi, Abia, x, 64, 65, 66, Aphis, viii, 42, 93. Myzus, viii, 75. Selandria, x, 64, 65,67; xii, 98. Try peta, i, 33. (See (See Fiery ground- INDEX. ‘ 15 cerasifolizw, Aphis, viii, 93. Myzus, viii, 93. Ceratomegilla, v, 184. Ceratomia, vii, 270. amyntor, vil, 167, 279; quadricornis, vii, 167. Ceratopogon, i, 19. Cercopide, vi, 72; viii, 11. cerealella, Gelechia, vii, 266, 280,283; xii, 144, cerealis, Aphis, viii, 51. cereana, Galleria, vii. 253, 277, 283. cerebralis, Coenurus, ix, 69. eernes, Pamphila, vii, 160. Cernes Skipper, Pamphila cernes, vii, 160. Cerophytum, vy, 98. Cerostoma, ix, 54. brassicella, ix, 52. porrectella, ix, 54. Ceruchus, v, 78. piceus, v.78. cervicalis, Secymnus, viii, 182. Cerylon, v, 66. histeroides, v, 66. Cestoidea, ix, 59. .Cetonia, iv, 26; v, 26,90, 91. inda, ii, 56. Cetonian, Indian (See Indian Cetonian). Melancholy (See Melancholy?Cetonian). Cetoniide, v,37,79, 83, 84,89; vi, 70, 80, 82, 84, 86, 87, 107. Ceutorhynehides, v, 135, 143. Ceutorhynchus, i, 17,20; v, 143. eurtus, i, 16. inwquailis, i, 16. Cherocampa pampinatrix, x, 108. tersa, x, 159. Cheetochilus, ix, 54. Chetocnema, v, 172,173. Chafers (See Leaf Chafers). Vine (See Vine Chafers). Chaitophorus, viii, 34, 36, 40, 42, 102, 103, 105, 195, 200. eandicans, viii, 105. lonicera, vili, 104. negundinis, viii, 193. ononedis, viii, 106. populi, viii, 119. populicola, viii, 42, 102, 103, 119, 201. quercicola, viii, 201. salicicola, villi, 105. smithie, viii, 200. viminalis, viii, 105, 200. Chaleid Four- winged Fly, Semiotellus des- tructor, x, 210, 212, 231. Chaleides. (‘See Chalcis Flies.) Chalcidide, ii, 32,92; vi,71,110; viii. 54; ix, 17; x, 212. Chaleis albifrons, x, 40. mytilaspidis, iv, 200. Chaleis Flies, Chaleides, Chalecidide, i, 20; li, 15, 32.92; iii,121; vi,71, 74,110; vii, 129, 130; viii, 54: ix,17; x, 212; xi, 28. fly of the Apple or Oyster-shell Bark- louse, Chaleis of the Bark-louse, x, 102. 16 INSECT Aphelinus (Chaleis) mytilaspidis, ii, 32; iv, 21,200; v, 21. chaleites, Plusia, ix, 42. Chaleophora, v, 95. virginiensis, v,95; vi, 112; p. iii. chalybea, Graptodera, v, 172,173; vi, 170. Haltiea, v, 172,173; vi, 170, p. 1. chameenerii, Deilephila, x, 159. eharus, Bracon, vi, 110. Chauliognathus, vi, 107, 115. marginatus, vy, 108. pennsylvanicus, v, 108. Cheekered Rustic (See Corn Cutworm). Tussock Moth, (Halesidota tessellaris), Vii, 185,279; x, 116, 168. Cheese Fly, Piophila casei, i, 32. Mites, Tyroglyphine, ix, 65. Chelymorpvha, v, 176. argus, Vv, 176. cassidea, v, 176. eribraria, v, 176. ehenopodii, Aphis, viii, 88. Chermes, Viii, 25, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 155. abieticolens, viii, 156. abietis, viii, 157. eastanee, Vili, 164. laricifoliae. viii, 156. laricis, vil, 74; viii, 155. pinifoliz, viii, 43, 156. pyri, ili, 134. Chermesin®, vii, 74; viii, 36,37, 39, 41, 123, 134, 155. Chermiden, viii, 35. Cherry Abia, Abia cerasi, x, 64, 65, 66, -leaf Plant-louse, Aphis cerasifolie, viii, 93. -louse Aphidius, Trioxys cerasaphis, yiii, 176. Slug, Pear Slug, Selandria cerasi, x, 64, 65,67; xii, 6,98. -tree Aphis, Myzus cerasi, viii, 75. Borer, Dicerea divaricata, v, 95; vi, 34, 43; 112, 113; 114, pp. 1, 11, 111. chersis, Sphinx, x, 105. Chestnut Gay Louse, Callipterus castanee, viii. 114. Chilocorus, v, 184. bivulnerus, ii, 93; v, 184; vi, 174; vii, 128; Viii, 174. tripustulatus, v. 184. Chinch bug, Chintz bug, Biissus (Micro- pus) leucopterus, ii, 61; vii, 40; viii, 6; ix, 60; xii, 7,9. Beak, vii, 44. Birds feeding on, vii, 54; xii, 48. Broods, vii, 50,51, 52,53, 54, 57. 58. Climati¢ influences. iii, 155; vii, 5, 43,50, 51,54,55; xX, 3,43, 48, 50,51,52, 53,54, 55, 56; 50h UR 5-c0 lb; Description, vii, 41. Kgg, vii, 55. Figure of beak. vii, 55; xii, 32. ehinch bug, vii, 41,55; xii, 32. egg, vii, 55; xii, 32. INDEX. larva, vii, 55; xii, 32. leg, vil, 55; xii, 32. pupa, vii, 55; xii. 32. tarsus, Vii, 55; xii, 32. Frogs feeding on, vii, 54. Habits and mode of life, vii, 44, 54,55. Hibernation, vii, 43,55, 57. History, vii, 41,57. Increase and decrease, ii, 6.39; vii, 54. Injuries, iii, 142, 143,155: vii, 5,15, 40, 48, 49, 51, 52, 278, 283; xi, 6; xii. 28,32. Insect enemies, iii, 145,155; vii, 60; viii, 178; xii, 39, 56,111, 114, 116, 117, 118, 126. Larval stages, vii, 56. : Life history, xii, 33. Migration. vii, 51, 53, 59. Occurrence in 1870, ii, 6. 1871, iii, 142. 1874, vii, 5, 14. 1877, vii, 5,107. 1879, ix, 3. 1881, xi, 3, 6. 1882, xii, 5. Parasitic diseases, xii, 45, 56. Pupa, vii, 56. Range, iii, 142, 143,156; vii, 48. Remedies, iii, 144; iv. 21; v, 21; vii, 5,46, 49, 51,52, 53,61; x, 43; xi, 6; xii, 57. Varieties, vii, 56. Chion, v, 154. ecinetus. v, 154; vi, 38, 43,149, p. il. garganicus, v, 154; vi, 38, 149. Chleeniides, v, 41,45, 47. Chleenius, v, 45,46; xii, 111,115, 116. diffinis, xii, 111. nemoralis, xii, 111. pennsylvanicus, v, 46. sericeus, v, 46. tomentosus, xii, 111. Chlamys. v, 169. dispar, v, 170. plicata, v, 169. Chloéaltis, ix, 84, 87. abortiva, ix, 92. conspersa, Ix, 92,99. eurtipennis, ix, 93. viridis, ix, 92,99. echloridice, Pieris, ix, 27, 28. var. beckeri, Pieris, ix, 27. Chloroneura malefica, i, 69. chlorophana, Chrysopa, viii, 178. Chlorops, Xi, 73. Choeridium, v, 81. eapistratum, v, 80. ehrysites, Plusia, ix, 50. Chrysobothris, v, 95. alabame, vi, 111. fastidiosa, vi, 111. femorata, v, 94,95; vi, 12,13,35,37, 43, 84, 110, 143, 152, pp. i, ii, iii, iv. (See Flat- headed Apple-tree Borer.) lesueuri, vi, 111. obseura, vi, 111. INSECT INDEX. Ih Chrysobothris 4-impressa, vi, 111. semisculpta, vi, 111. Chrysochraon, ix, 99. conspersum, ix, 92,99. viridis, ix, 92,99. Chrysochus, v, 166, 168. auratus, v, 168; vi, 164, p. ii. cobaltinus, v, 168. Chrysomela, v, 162, 165, 166, 167. cwruleipennis, v, 168. conjuneta, v, 167. 10-lineata, vi, 160 (See Colorado Potato- beetle). elegans, Vv, 167. exclamationis, v, 167. juneta, v, 165. pulehra, v, 167. similis, v, 167. ehrysomela, Locusta, ix, 93. Chrysomelide, v, 29, 31,34, 127, 128, 161,177,178; | vi, 70, 81, 83, 85, 86, 157. Chrysomelides, v, 126, 127, 163, 165, 170. Chrysomeline, v, 162; vi, 157. Chrysomelini, v, 165, 166. ehrysomelus, Gryllus, ix, 93. Chrysopa, i, 62; vi. 140; vii, 60,129,253; viii, | Dostliditen Xlile acy chlorophana, viii, 178. eriosoma, Vili, 136. illepida, viii, 178. oculata, vili, 177. var. chlorophana, viii, 178. illepida, viii, 178. plorabunda, viii, 178; xii, 42. pseudographa, viii, 178. Chrysophanus, vii, 270. americana, Vii, 158, 282; x, 95. thoe, vii, 158, 279, 282; x, 95. Chytolita morbidalis, x, 138,182. Cicada, iv, 2,7; v, 2,7; ix, 60,75. septendecim, ili, 124; vi, 75. Cicadide, vi, 72; viii, 11. Cicindela, i, 72; v, 38,39, 42,43; vi, 70. campestris, iv, 4; v, 4. repanda, x, 41. sexguttata, v, 39; vi, 88. vulgaris, vi, 88. Cicindelide, v, 24,36, 38,39, 92; vi, 80,81, 87. Cimbex laportei, x, 64, 65. Cimicide, vi, 73. Cinara, viii, 34. eincta, Mestobregma, ix, 90,95, 113, (£idipoda, ix, 95. einctaria, Phigalia, vii, 241,277. einctus, Chion, v, 154; vi, 38,43, 149, p. ii. Harpactor, ii, 23,64; vi, 162,163; vii, 60; xii, 43, 56. cinderella, Tortrix, vii, 255, 277. cinerea, Cupes, v, 103. Epicauta, vi, 126,162,163, p. iii; xii, 104. Lytta, ii, 64, 66. Lithophane, vii, 227, 277, 279. Xylina, vii, 227, 277, 279, 280, 282. einereola, Telesilla, x, 180. —2 cinereus, Melanotus, v, 100; vi, 117; vii, 30. cingulata, Macrosila, x, 104, 158. Trypeta, i, 33. cingulatus, Leistotrophus, v, 69. Oncideres, v, 159; vi, 83. cinnamopterus, Staphylinus, v, 69. Cionus, v, 128. circeezandis, Aphis, viii, 89. circumeinctus, Perillus, vi, 162. Cistela, v, 119. Cistelide, iv, 34; v 34,118, 119. Citheronia regalis, vii, 195, 278, 279, 230, 281, 282,:283; x, 122, 162. Cladobius, Viii, 35, 36, 42, 201. clardestina, Agrotis, vii, 95,218,278; x, 135. Clandestine Owlet Moth (See W-marked Cutworm). claudia, Euptoieta, vii, 150; x, 80. clavata, Coptocyela, v, 177. Clavicornes, iv, 32,36; v, 33,36, 52,55, 177, 178, 179; vi, 87. Clavipalpi, v, 178. clavipes, Cucujus, v, 65, 66. Clear Wing Bee Moth, Sesiadiffinis, vii, 163; x, 99, 160. Thysbe (See Thysbe Clear Wing). Cleonides, v, 1383, 136. Cleonus, v, 136. punctiventris, xii, 55. Cleride, v, 33,37, 93, 104, 108; vi, 70, 80, 82. Clerus, v, 109. dubius, v, 109. nigrifrons, v, 109. nigripes, v, 109. sanguineus, v, 109. Click beetles (See Wire worms). Climbing Cutworm. Climbing Rustie, Agrotis scandens, vii, 208: x, 133. elintonis, Parorgyia, x, 165. Clisiocampa, vii, 185,271. americana, vii, 110,119,197, 277,279: x, 122, 128,155. (See Apple-tree Tent Cater- pillar.) sylvatica, vi, 89; vil, 198, 277, 279, 281; x, 1238. Clivina, v, 43. Clothes Moth, Tinea dorsistrigella, vii, 262. Tinea rusticella, vii, 264, 278. Clover Drasteria, Drasteria erechtea, vii, 233,278; x, 148. -hay Worm, Asopia costalis, vii, 247, 278. Clytini, v, 158, 154, 155. elyton, Apatura, vii, 155; x, 89. Clytus, v. 154. capre, v, 154; vi, 38, 44, 151, p. i. robinie, v, 149, 154; vi, 36, 38, 44, 83, 84, 151, De Lik speciosus, v,154; vi, 38, 44, 83, 151, pp. iii, iv. e-nigrum, Agrotis, vii, 89, 202,278; x, 132,184; a5 ills cobaltinus, Chrysochus, v, 168. Coccide, ii, 29,88; iv,13; v.13; vi,72; viii,11, 33. (See Bark Lice.) coccinatus, Eros, v, 105. Coccinella, ii, 35; v, 42, 183, 184; xii, 118. 18 INSECT INDEX. Coccinella munda, vi, 178; vii, 60,119; viii, 147; xii, 40. 9-notata, li, 64; vi, 162, 173; vili,174; xii,41,118. picta, vi, 174. 15-punctata, v, 183; xii, 116. 5-notata, xii, 118. Coccinellide, ii, 93; iv, 201; v, 30, 31, 35, 178, 182; vi, 70, 81, 84, 172; viii,54; xii, 7, 23, 40, 56, 90, 106, 115, 116,119,120. (See Lady-bugs.) coceineus, Endomychus, y, 182. Coceus, V, 184. mali, viii, 126. Coceus of the Pine (See Pine-leaf Seale- insect). Cochineal Inseet, Coccus, v, 184. Cochran Rustic (See Dark-sided Cut- worm), eochrani, Agrotis, vii, 92, 209. Cockechafer, English (See English Cock- chafer). Cockroach, Blatta, v, 129. Cockroaches, Blattide, v,117; ix, 60, 73, 80, 82. Codling Moth, Codling worm, Apple worm, Carpocapsa pomonella, i, 27,81; iv, 167. Birds feeding on, iv, 181. Broods, i, 27,32; iv, 172. Cocoon. vil, 260. Compared with other worms found in apple, xi, 19. plum eureulio, i, 67. Figure of apple occupied by codling worm, iv, 167; vii, 260; x, 151. cocoon, iv, 167; vii, 260; x, 151. larva, iv, 167; vii, 260; x, 157. head of. iv, 167; vii, 260; x, 151. moth, iv, 167; vii, 260; x, 157. pupa, iv, 167; vii, 269; x, 157. Food plants, i, 29; vii, 261,277; x, 151. Fungus on, iv, 184. Habits and mode of life, 1,28; x, 151; xi, i9. Injurieg, vi, 45; vii, 260; xi, 19. Insect enemies, iv, 181; v, 60. Larva, x, 151; xi, 19. Life history, iv, 167; vii, 260. Moth, vii, 260, 262. Occurrence in 1866, i, 30. Pupa, vii, 260. Range, iv, 167. Relations to other insects, i,9,31. Remedies, i,29; iv, 172,184; vi,13,14; vii, 261; xi, 20. Tongue, iv, 171. Coeliodes, i, 17; v, 143; eurtus, i, 16. ine qualis, i, 13; vi, 142, p. ii. Cceliodides, v, 145. Ccelodasys unicornis, vii, 191; x, 147. Coelogaster, v, 143. Coenurus cerebralis, ix, 69. Colaspis, v, 166, 168. brunnea, vii, 104. flavida, vi, 164, pp. ii, iv. vi, 70, 74, 76; Coleophora malivorella, x, 156. Coleoptera, v, p.'xvi, 8, 9,11, 12, 13, 19, 24, 25, 26, 112; vi, 37, 68, 70, 77, 79, 86,172; ix, -60; xii, 114, 115. (See Beetles.) Colias, vii, 269; ix, 26. cesonia, x, 78. eurytheme, vii. 147,278, 281; x, 78. philodice, vii, 147, 278, 281; x, 78. eollare, Spharangemon, ix, 94. collaris, Disonycha, v, 173. Euchetes, x, 169. (idipoda, ix, 99,94, 110. Stenispa, v, 174. Collier. (See Black Fly.) Colon, v, 57. colon, Omosita, v, 60. Stenus, v, 72. Colopha, vii, 74; viii, 142. eragrostidis, viii, 144. ulmicola, vii, 76; viii, 142, 144, 204. Colorado Potato-beetle, {Ten-lined Potato- beetle, Colorado Potato-bug,i Doryphora (Chrysomela, Myocorina)‘10-lineata, i, 8; ii, 6,63; iii, 162; vi, 125,160. Beetle, vi, 161. Chickens feeding on, ii, 67. Classification, vi, 83. Climatic influences, ii, 64; vii, 107. Compared with D. juneta, vi, 161. Eggs, vi, 74. Figure of beetle, ii, 63. eggs, li, 63. larva, li, 63. leg, ii, 03. pupa, li, 63. wing-case, li, 63. Food plants, i, 58;ii, 71; vi, 161, 162, pp. ii, ili; vii, 280,282. Habits, xi, 7. Hibernation, vi, 162. Insect enemies, ii, 64, 65, 67; ili, 162; iv, 184; vi, 89, 91, 162. Larva, vi, 161. 1 compared with larva of lady-bug, vi, Ds Life history, vi, 162. Oceurrenée in 1870, ii, 64. 1871, iii, 162, 163. 1877, vii, 107. T8815 xd 7 Range, i, §, 82, 102; iii, 163; xi, 82. Remedies, ii, 68; ili, 162, 164; iv, 21; v, 21; WA BR ab: 35-al5 716 Skunk feeding on, ii, 66. » Synonyms, vi, 160, Time of first appearaneetin Illinois, ii, 63, eolossus, Evarthrus, xii, 109. columba, Tremex, Vi, 34, 41, 44:_pp. i, ii, iii, iv; > columbia, Samia, x, 177. Colydiide, v, 36, 56, 66. Colydiides, v, 66. Colydium, v, 179. Colymbetes, vy, 51. INSECT INDEX. comma, Agonoderus, xii, 27, 43, 56, 111. Grapta, vii, 152, 279, 281; x, 84, 163. Comma Butterfly, Grapta comma, vii, 152, 79,281; x, 84, 163. commelinz, Prodenia, vii, 219; x, 188. communis, Melanotus, v, 100; vi, 25,118; vii, 28, 30. complanatus, Polydesmus, xi, 45. compositus, Platypus, v, 146. compressa, Schizoneura, viii, 138. Comyntas Butterfly, Lycwna comyntas, Vii, 158, 278, 279, 282; x, 95. comyntas, Lycena, vii, 158, 278,279,282; x, 95. eonchiformis, Aspidiotus, i, 34,54: ii,87. (See Oyster-shell Bark-louse.) Mytilaspis, ii, 24, 46, 87, 89,94; iii, 159. Oyster-shell Bark-louse.) corecinna, Notodonta, vii, 190; x, 119. (£idemasia, vii. 190. eonfusaria, Caberodes, vii, 244. Coniatus, v, 128. coniea, Flata, xii, 104. coniferarum, Sphinx, x, 105. - conjuncta, Chrysomela, v, 167. Zygogramma, V, 167. Conosoma, x, 74. Conotrachelides, v. 135, 142. conotracheli, Porizon, vi, 139. (See nenuphar, i, 15,64; v,132, 142; vi, 83,85, 90, 137,143; pp. i, ii, iii. (See Plum Cur- culio.) conquisitor, Cryptus, vii, 119. Pimpla, vii, 119. econspersa, Chloealtis, ix, 92, 99. conspersum, Chrysochraon, ix, 92,99. contexta, Plusia, ix, 48, 44, 46. convergens. Hippodamia, ii, 64; v, 184; vi, 162, 163, 173; viii, 173,174; xii, 41, 117. Convergent Lady-bird. Hippodamia con- vergens, ii, 64; v,184; vi, 162, 163,173; viii, 178,174; xii, 41,117. eonvolutella, Myelois, vii, 251, 279, 280. Copper Underwing (See Green Cream-spot- ted Grape-worm.) Copride, v,37.79, 80; vi, 70, 80, 82, Copris, v, 81. carnifex, v, 81. carolina, v, 80. marginatus, v, 80. Coprophaga, iv, 19; v,19. Coproporus, v,75. Coptocyela, v,177; vi, 171. aurichalcea, v,177; vi, 172. clavata, v, 177. guttata, v,177; vi, 172. purpurata, v,177. Copturus, i,17. eorallina, Locusta, ix, 95. (£idipoda, ix, 95, corallipes, Gidipoda, ix. 114. var. rugosus, Hipnpiscus, ix, 89, 95,115. Coreide, viii, 12. coreopsidis, Aphis, viii, 193. Siphonophora, viii, 59, ug | Coreus tristis, ii,61; iv,6; v,6; vi, 162. Coriside, vi, 73. Corn Curculio, Sphenophorus zee, vi, 144, p. ii; vii. 34, 278. Cutworm, Striped Cutworm, Check- ered Rustic, Agrotis tessellata, vii, 91, 206, 278; x, 133. } Myriapod, [ulus impressus, xi, 44. Plant-louse. Maize or Corn Aphis, Aphis maidis, vii, 5,71, 75,278, viii, 28, BIESO hike 2 exd Ov elle oral Os Root-worm, Diabrotica longicornis, x, 44; xi, 65; xii, 6,7, 10. *Sipha, Maize Sipha, Sipha maydis, viii, 122. Corn worm, Boll worm, Tomato worm, Bud worm, Armed Heliothis, Heliothis armi- gera, vii, 102. as a Boll worm, xi, 83. Corn worm, xi, 85. Tomato worm, xi, 89. Classification, xi, 83. Climatic influences, xi, 98. Egg, x. 50; xi, 90. Figure of eggs, x, 150. larva, x, 150. moth, x, 150. pupa, 3, 150. Food-plants, vii, 102, 231,278,279; x, 150: xi, 82, 90. | Habits and mode of life, vii, xi, 83. Injuries. vii, 102,103,231; xi, 90. Larva, vii. 103, 231,232: x, 150; xi, 91. Life history, vii, 103. Moth, vii, 104,232; x, 50; xi. 96. Names, Vii, 102, 231. Occurrence in 1877, vii, 4: in 1881, xi, 5. Parasites, vii, 104; xi, 97,192. Pupa, vii, 232; x, 50; xi, 93. Range, vii, 102; xi, 82. Remedies, vii, 104, 232; xi, 97, 100. corni, Aphis, viii, 101. ecorni¢a, Phylloxera, viii, 164. ecernicola, Eriosoma, viii, 141. Schizoneura, viii, 141. ecornifoliz, Aphis, viii, 101, 193. cornu, Hamamelistes, i, 22. cornutus, Bolitophagus, x, 125. Passalus, v, 78. corticalis, Trogosita, iv, 182; v, 64. Corydalis, iv, 2; v, 2. eoryli, Aphis, viii, 106. Corymbetes., v, 99,100. hamatus, v, 100; vi, 25. hieroglyphicus, v, 100; vi, 25. Corynetes rufipes, v, 110. Coscinoptera, v, 129, 169.170. dominicana, v, 169,170. vittigera, v, 170. Cosmia trapezina, i, 79. Cosside, vi, 34. Cossonides. v, 135, 144. Cossonus, v, 145. 231; x, 150; 20 INSECT INDEX. Cossus, vi, 42. eenterensis, x, 151. ligniperda, V, 5. robinie, vi, 42. eostalis, Asopia, vii, 247,278. Cotalpa, v, 89. lanigera, v, 89. Cottonwood Dagger, Apatela (Acronycta) lepusculina, vii, 201,279; x, 130. Cotton-worm Moth, Aletia (Anomis) argil- lacea, vii, 228, 279. Counterfeit Golden-eye, Chrysopa pseudo- grapha, viii, 178. Crabrionide, vi, 71. eracee, Aphis, viii, 88. Crambodes talidiformis, x, 180. Cranberry-louse Aphidius, (Praon) viburnaphis, viii, 175. Crane-flies, ix, 60. erategi, Aphis, viii, 101. Aphidius Siphonophora, viii, 189. erategifoliz, Aphis, viii, 101. Cratonychus brevicollis, vi, 117; vii, 30. Cratoparis, v, 129. Cream-spotted Grape-worm, Green. (See Green Cream-spotted Grape-worm.) Cremastochilus, vy, 90,91. Crepidodera, V, 172,173. helxines, v, 173. Creophilus, v, 69. villosus, v, 69. Cresphontes Butterfly, Thoas Butterfly, Papilio cresphontes, vii, 189,279, 281,282; Dy TE } eresphontes, Papilio, vii, 139, 279, 281,282; x,. | do. Cressonia juglandis, vii, 167. eribraria, Chelymorpha, v, 176. Crickets, Gryllide, iv, 8; v, 8; vi, 70,76; ix, 60, 73, 82. Wingless (See Katydids). erinitus, Cryptophagus, v, 62. Criocephalus, v, 153. Crioceride, v, 162. Criocerides, v, 127, 163, 164, 170. Criocerine, Vi. 157. Crioceris, v, 162, 164, 165, 176. asparagi, v, 165; vi, 158, 165, p. i. trilineata, v, 164; vi, 158. Croeallis elinguaria, i, 79. crocataria, Angerona, Vii, 243, 279. Crown-borer, Strawberry. (See Strawberry Crown-borer.) Miner, Strawberry. Crown Miner.) eruciferarum, Plutella, vii, 266, 278, 280, 282; ix, 52. erucigerus, Panageus, Vv, 46. Cryptobium, v, 70, 71, 72. pusillum, v, 71. Cryptocephalides, v, 127, 163, 168. Cryptocephaline, vi, 157. Cryptocephalus, v, 162, 168, 169, 170. (See Strawberry Cryptohypnus, v, 99. abbreviatus, vii, 27. Cryptophagide, v, 35,56, 62,178. Cryptophagus ecellaris, v, 62. erinitus, v, 62. Cryptoplides, v, 140. Cryptorhynchides, v. 135, 142, 143. Cryptorhynehus. vy, 143. Cryptosiphum, viii, 42. Cryptus conquisitor, vii, 119. grallator, vi, 110. Ctenucha, vii, 179,271; x, 110. americana, vii, 179. fulvicollis, vii, 179. virginica, x, 170. Cucujide, v, 36,56, 65, 178. Cueujus, v, 65, 66. clavipes, v, 65, 66. testaceus, Vv, 65. Cucumber Aphis (See Melon Plant-louse). Beetle (See Striped Cucumber-beetle.) Flea-beetle, Hairy Flea-beetle, Epitrix (Haltica) cueumeris, v, 173; vi, 167, pp. cucumeris, Aphis, xii, 83. Epitrix, vi, 167. cucurbite, Ageria, vi, 41,44, p. iv; vii, 173, 277,279, 280; x, 106, 107. Aphis, xii, 84. Melittia, vii, 173. Siphonophora, viii, 67. Culicide, vi, 73. eulinaris, Uloma, v, 124. Culprit Leaf-hopper, Chloroneura- male- fica, i, 69. Cupes cinerea, v, 103. Cupeside, v, 37, 92, 93, 101, 103; vi, 70, 80. eupida, Agrotis, x, 135. Curculio, Apple or Four-humped (See Four- humped Cureulio). Corn (See Corn Cureulio). Elm-tree (See Elm-tree Cureulio). Grape (See Grape Cureulio). Gray-sided (See Gray-sided Cureulio). Parasite, Sigalphus curculionis, i, 70,80; vi, 139. Plum (See Plum Cureulio). Quince (See Quince Cureulio). Curculionide, v, 29, 34, 35, 119, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 145, 146, 161; vi, 35, 37, 70, 77, 81, 83, 85, 86, 129. (See Snout-beetles.) eureculionis, Sigalphus, i, 70; vi, 139. Curculios (See Snout-beetles). Short-snouted (See Short-snouted Cur- eulios). Currant Borer, #geria tipuliformis, vi, 39, 44, p. ji; vii, 172,279; x, 106, 107, 151. Caterpillar, Spinous. (See Spinous Cur- rant Caterpillar.) Fruit-worm, Eupithecia interrupto-fas- ciata, Xi, 6, 23. Plant-louse, Myzus (Aphis) ribis, i, 60; viii, 76. INSECT INDEX. 8 Currant Saw-fly, ii,6; iy,21; v,21. -worm, Imported. (See Imported Cnr- rant-worm.) Cursoria, ix, 80,82. eurtipennis, Chloéaltis, ix, 93. Locusta, ix, $3. Stenobothrus, ix, 88, 93, 104. eurtus, Ceutorhynchus, i, 16. Coeliodes. i, 16. Cuterebra, ix, 61. Cutworm, Black, (See Greasy Cutworm). Cabbage (See Cabbage Cutworm). Climbing (See Climbing Cutworm). Corn (See Corn Cutworm). Dark-sided (See Dark-sided Cutworm). Dingy (See Dingy Cutworm). Glassy (See Glassy Cutworm). Greasy (See Greasy Cutworm). Speckled (See Speckled Cutworm),. Spotted (See Spotted Cutworm). Striped (See Corn Cutworm). Variegated (See Variegated Cutworm). Western Striped (See Western Striped Cutworm). Wheat (See Wheat Cutworm). W-marked (See W-marked Cutworm). Yellow-headed (See ¥ellow-headed Cut- worm). Cutworm Lion (See Fiery Ground-beetle). Cutworms, Agrotis, Hadena and Mames- tra, Vii, 31, 97, 99, 202. Birds feeding on, vii, 88. Classification, vii, 27]. Climatic influences, vii, 89; x, 55. Deseription, vii, 82. Food plants, vii, 280. Habits, vii, 81,82; x, 17,136; xi, 61, 62. History, vii, 82. Injuries, vii, 81. Insect enemies, vi, 90; vii, 217; xi, 64; xii, 111, Moths, vii, 82. Names, vii, 81. Remedies, vi, 11; vii, 82, 83, 202, 218, eyanea, Cassida, v, 176. Microrhopala, vy, 175. ecyanipennis, Gaurotes, v, 156. cybele, Argynnis, vii, 150; x.81. Cybele Butterfly, Argynnis cybele, vii, 150. x, 81. Cybister, v,51. Cychramus, v, 59. Cychrus, v, 42, 43. Cyelica, v. 162. Cyclocephala, v, 85. Cycloneda, v,184; xii, 118. sanguinea, xii, 42, 118. Cyclopthalmes, v, 137. eylindrieum, Orthosoma, v, 152. Cylindrorhinides, v, 134, 137. Cyllene robinie, vi, 38, 44, 151. Cymatodera, v, 109. eymautophoroides, Pseudothyatira, x, 129. Cymindis, v, 44, 45. Cynipide, vi,71; x, 63. Cynips, i, 638,79; x, 210. nubilipennis. i, 78. quereus-sculpta, i,78, 79. eynthia, Attacus, x, 125. Samia, vii, 194,277; x, 125. cyparissiz, Siphonophora, viii, 57. Cypherotylus, v. 181. boisduvaili, v, 180, 181. Cyrtacanthacris americana, ix, 96. differentialis, ix, 96. Cyrtotriplax, v, 181. Cyst-worms, ix, 58. Daene, vy, 180,181. fasciata, v, 181. heros, v, 181. 4-maculata, v, 181. Dactylosphera, i, 21. cary@#-semen, i, 23. globosa, i, 21; viii, 163. vitifolie, i, 21,22; viii, 158. Daddy-long-legs, Phalangium, ii, 64, 65, daggyi, Prodenia, vii, 97,219. Daggy’s Corn-worm.(See Fall Army- worm.) dahliz, Aphis, viii, 88. dama, Lucanus, v, 77,78; vi, 95, pp. i, ii, iv. damnificum, Acridium, ix, 96. Danaide, x, 79. Danais, vii, 269. archippus, vii, 149,281; x, 79,161. Danewort Butterfiy, Callidryas eubule, vii, 147,278; x, 78. daplidice, Pieris, ix, 28. Dapsilia rutilana, x, 153. Darapsa, vii, 270. myron, vii, 166, 280. versicolor, x, 158. Daremma brontes, x, 102. undulosa, x, 159. Darkling Beetles, Tenebrionids, Tenebri- onides, iv, 34; v, 34,111, 113, 121, 122, 123, 124, 130; vi, 80, 83, 86. Dark May-beetle, White Grub, May-beetle, Lachnosterna (Phyllophaga) fuseca=L. quercina, i, 16; v, 85,87; vi, 89, 97,101,102, Pp. 1, ii, iii, iv; vii, 33. Dark-sided Cutworm, Reaping Rustic, Cochran Rustic, Agrotis messoria, vii, 92, 209,209,278; x, 134. Dart, Devastating (See Glassy Cutworm). Gothic (See Dingy Cutworm). Master (See Western Striped Cut- worm). Perplexing (See Perplexing Dart). Dascyllide, v, 93. Dasytes, v, 108. Datana, iv, 189; vii, 271. mayor, iv, 190. ministra, iv, 186; vii, 189; x, 119, 167. perspicua, iv, 190; x, 119. dauci, Aphis, viii, 181. 22, INSECT INDEX. Debis portlandia, x, 92. decemlineata, Chrysomela, vi, 160. Colorado Potato-beetle.) Doryphora, i, 8,58,82; ii, 63; iii, 162; v, (See 282; ix, 4; xi, 7. (See Colorade Potato- beetle.) Myocoryna,vi,160. (See Colorado Potato- beetle.) Polygramma, vi, 160. decorus, Platynus, xii, 109. Deilephila, vii, 270. chameenerii, x, 159. lineata, vil, 164,277, 280, 281, 282, 283; x, 100, 159. Deiopeia bella, vii, 180. delaware, Pamphila, x, 96,174. Dendroides, v, 117. canadensis, v, 117. Dendroptus, xii, 141. dentatus, Hylurgus, v, 147; vi, 38, 43,146, pp. Lachnus, iii, 188; viii, 115, 116. depressa, Phylloxera, viii, 164. depressus, Melanotus, vii, 29. Dermatodectes ovis, ix, 66. Dermestes, V, 60. lardarius, v. 60; vi, 92, pp. i, iv. Dermestide, iv, 36; Vv, 36,54,56,60; vi, 70,81, 86, 87, 92. Derebrachus, vy, 151, 152. Desmia, vii, 272. maculalis, vii, 248, 280. Desmiphora, v, 158. Desmocerus, V, 156. palliatus, v, 156. desperata, Catocala, vii, 234, 279. Semiotellus, x, 210, 211, 212, 231. destructor, Cecidomyia, i, 18; ix, 3,5; x, 200; scihy 2) . Devastating Dart, (See Glassy Cutworm). devastatrix, Hadena, vii, 96,216,278; x, 137. . Rhyparochromus, vii, 41. Devil's Horses, Soothsayers, Mantide, vi, 70; ix, 73, 80, 82. Diabrotiea, v, 171,172. 12-guttata, xii, 104. 12-punctata, vi, 166, pp. ii, iii, iv. longicornis, x, 44; xi,65; xii, 6,10. 4-vittata, 1,52; ii,77; v,170,171,172; vi,83, 165,169, pp. ii, iii, iv; x, 44; xi, 66,69, 70: XoliTepl ite diana, Argynnis, vii, 149, 282; x, 81. Diana Butterfly, Argynnis diana. vii, 149, 282; x, 81. dianthi, Rhopalosiphum, viii, 80. Diaperide, v, 34, 121, 124, 125, 180. Diaperides, v, 125. Diaperis, v, 125: hydni, v.125. rufipes, v, 125. diasema, Plusia, ix, 44. Dibolia, v, 172,173. eerea, Vv, 173. / Dicelus, v,46; xii, 110. elongatus, xii, 110. Dieerea, v,95. divaricata, v,95; vi,37, 48, 112,113,114; pp. i, il, iii. lurida, 5,95; vi, 37, 43,113; p. ii. Dichelonycha, vy, 86. elongata, v, 86. linearis, v, 86. dichrous, Bradyeellus, xii, 112. Dicrepidius, v, 99. Dictyopterus, v, 105. differentiale, Acridium, ix, 96. differentialis, Caloptenus. vi, 44,45; ix, 91,96, 127, 131, 182, 133, 134. Cyrtacanthacris, ix, 96. diffinis, Chleenius, xii, 111, Hemaris, vii, 163. Sesia, vii, 163; x, 99, 160. Diludia jasminearum, x, 103. Dimera, viii, 10. dimidiatum, Calopteron, v, 105. Dingy Cutworm, Gothic Dart, Agrotis subgothiea, vii, 89, 204, 205, 206, 278; ix, 141; x, 182. : diospyri, Aphis, viii, 95. dlplepha, Aphis, viii, 211. Diplocheila, v, 46. Diplodonia marginepunctella, i, 79. Diplodus luridus, vii, 119. Diplosis tritici, x, 202, 213, 217. Diplotaxis, v, 86, 88. sordida, v, 88. Diptera, i,32; iv, 8, 12, 13, 14, 24, 25; v,8, 12, 13, 14, 24,25; vi, 68, 69, 73,77; vii,217; viii, 172; ix, 60, 136; xii, 114,115. (See Flies.) nemocera, i, 16. Diraphia, viii, 13. calamorum, viii, 14. femoralis, viii, 14. maculipennis, viii, 14, vernalis, viii, 14. Diraphia, Black-legged. (See Black legged Diraphia.) Calamus. (See Calamus Diraphia.) Spotted-winged. (See Spotted-winged Diraphia.) Vernal. (See Jumping Plant-louse.) dirhoda, Siphonophora, viii, 67. Disagreeable Golden-eye, Chrysopa ille- pida, viii, 178. discoidea, Adelocera, vii, 27. (idipoda, ix, 95. discoideus, Anisodactylus, xii, 112. Hippiscus, ix, 89, 95, 116. discolor. Aphis, viii, 211. Callipterus, xiii, 196, 198. Disippus Butterfly, Limenitis (Nymphalis) disippus, ii,95; vii, 154; x, 88, 162. disippus, Limenitis, vii, 154; 10,88, 162. Nymphalis, ii, 95. Disonycha, v,171, 172. eollaris, v, 173. triangularis, v,173. INSECT dispar, Chlamys, v.170. distinecta, Mamestra, x, 136, Distoma hepaticum, ix, 67. militare, ix, 67. Ditoma, v, 66. divaricata, Diceréa, v, 95; vi, 37, 43, 112, 118, 114, DOS Taal divergens, Piusia, ix, 44.) diversilineata, Petrophora, vii, 237, 280. Dog-wood Leaf Aphis, Aphis cornifolie, viii, 101. 193. Dolerus arvensis, x, 64, 65, 67. Dolphin. (See Black Fly.) domestica, Musea, i, 55. dominicana, Coscinoptera, v, 169, 170. Donacia, v. 160, 161, 162, 163. Donaciides, v, 163. Donacine, vi, 157. Dor-beetle. (See English Cock-chafer.) Dorchaschema, vy, 158. Doreus. v,77, 78. parallelus, v, 78. dorsistrigella, Tinea, vii, 262. Doryphora 10-lineata, i, 8,58, 82; ii, 63; ili, 162; ix,4; xi,7. (See Colorado Potato beetle.) juncta, x.167; vi, 161. doryphore, Lydella, ii, 64,67; vi, 162, 163. Dotted-legged Plant-bug, Euschistus punectipes, xi, 27. Dragon-flies, Mosquito-hawks, Libellulide 1.61; vi,71; ix, 60. Drasteria, vii, 272. erechtea, Vii, 233, 278; x, 148. Drepanosiphiden, viii, 34. Drepanosiphum, viii, 34, 40, 42, 73, 78, 80. acerifolii, viii, 195. acerina, viii, 78. aceris, viii, 78. quereifolii, viii, 79. tilive, vill, 188. Dromius, v, 44, 45, 49. Drop worms. (See Measuring worms.) drupiferarum, Sphinx, x, 104,105. Dryobius, viii, 35, 42. Dryocampa, Vii, 271. pellucida, x, 121. rubicunda, vii, 196,279. 281; x, 121. senatoria, vii, 196, 279, 281; x, 120, 161. stigma, x, 120. Dryocampa, Senatorial. Dryocampa.) Dryopthorus, v, 145. dubius, Clerus, v, 109. Dularias, v, 154. Dung beetles. beetles.) duodecimguttata, Diabrotiea, xii, 104. duodecimpuncetata, Diabrotica, vi, 166, pp. ii, jii, iv. Dusky Locust, Tragocephala viridifasciata, var. infuseata, ix, 88, 93, 106, 134. dyaus, Plusia, ix, 43, 44, 47, 50. Dynastes tityus, v.84; vi, 96, p. ii. | (See Senatorial (See Lamellicorn Dung INDEX. 23 Dynastide, iv, 37; v.37, 79, 83, 84; vi, 70, 80, 82, 87,96. Dyschirius, v, 43. Dyspteris, vii, 272. abortivaria, vii, 238; 280. Dytiscide, iv, 36; v,36,50,53,92; vi, 70,80, 81. Dytiscus, v, 50,51. fasciventris, v, 50. marginalis, v,50. E Eacles, vii, 271. imperialis, vii, 196; x, 121. Earth-louse, Lettuce. (See Lettuce Eurth- louse.) worms, xii, 111, 113, 114, 115, Earwigs, Forficulide, Forficula, iv, 14; v,14; ix, 73, 80, 82. Eastern Locust, (@idipoda migratoria, vi, 46, 48. Eburia, v, 154. quadrigeminata, v, 154; vi, 36, 38, 43, 149, Deel: Eccopsis malana, xi, 16. Eepantheria, vii, 271. seribonia, vii, 184, 279, 281, 282, 283; x, 116. Edema, vii, 271. albifrons, vii, 191; x, 120. egleis, Argynnis, x. 164. Hight-spotted Forester, Blue Caterpillar of the Vine, Alypia octomaculata, vii, 176, 280; x, 110,172. Elaphidion, v, 154,159. : parallelum, v, 152; vi, 36,38, 44,83, 150, p. i. villosum, vi, 38, 43, 150, i, iii, iv. Elaphrus, v, 42, 43. rusearius, v, 42: x, 4. Elasmocerus, v, 109. Elater, v, 99. apicatus, v, 100. hepaticus, vii, 28. linteus, v, 100; vi, 25; vii, 28. nigricollis, v, 100; vi, 25; vii, 28. noctilucus, v, 66. obliquus, vii, 28. oculatus, v, 99. rubricollis, v, 100; vi, 25. sanguinipennis, v, 100; vi, 25; vii, 27,28. seapularis, v, 100; vi, 25. Elateride, iv, 28,34,37: v, 28,34,37, 92, 98, 96, 106,121; vi, 21,70, 80, 82, 85, 86,87,115,119, pp. li, iii,iv; vii, 19, 278. (See Wire-worms.) Elaterides, v, 98. Elaters. (See Wire-worms.) Elder Aphis, Aphis sambuci, viii, 100. elegans, Chrysomela, vy, 167. Eleodes, v, 123. elinguaria, Crocallis, i, 79. ellipticum, Platydema, y, 126. Elm-leaf Aphis, Schizoneura ulmi, viii, 119, 124, 140, 204, 211. 94 INSECT Elm Sphinx, Four-horned Ceratomia, Cera- tomia amyntor, vii, 167,279; x, 102. -tree Borer, Pigeon Tremex, Tremex columba, vi, 34,41, 44, pp. i, ii, iii, iv. Cureculio, Elm-tree Bark-miner and Borer, Magdalis armicollis, v, 139; Vi, 38, 43, 132, p. ii. Saperda. (See Three-toothed Sa- perda.) Elmis, v, 52. elongata, Dichelonycha, v, 86. elongatus, Diczlus, xii, 110. Pasimachus, ii, 64; v, 43; vi, 89, 90, 162, 163; x) 415 elymi, Isosoma, xi, 81. Emarginate Locust, Acridium emargin- atum, ix, 91, 96, 128, 134. emarginatum, Acridium, ix, 91,96, 128, 134. Emperor, Eyed (See Eyed Emperor}. Tawny (See Tawny Emperor). Emphytus, maculatus, vii, 108,111,282; x, 64, 65, 68. j Empretia, vii, 271. stimulea, vii, 187,278, 282; x, 117. Enecoptolophus sordidus, ix, 94. Encyelops, v, 156. ceruleus, v, 156. Endalus, v, 140. Endeis, viii, 35, 42. Endomychide, v, 178, 180,181. Endomychus, v, 179, 181, 182. biguttatus, v, 182. coceineus, V, 182. Endropia, vii, 272. bilinearia, vii, 243, 279, 281. Engide, v,178. English Cockechafer, Dor-beetle, Melolon- tha vulgaris, v,3. Enoplium, v, 109. ensicornu, Acridium, ix, 92. Entozoa, ix, 58,59. Ephedrus plagiator, viii, 54. Ephemera, fv, 13; v, 13. ephermereformis, Thyridopteryx. ii, 86; vii, 187; x,118; xii,101. (See Bag Worm.) Ephemeride, vi, 71. Epicerus, v, 137. imbricatus, vi, 131, pp. i,ii; xii, 104. Epicauta. v,116; ix, 136. cinerea, Vi, 126, 162,163, p. iii; xii, 104. pennsylvaniea, xii, 104. vittata, vi, 125, 162,163, p. ili; ix, 4; xii, 104. epigeea, Plusia, ix, 44. Epimenis, Grape-vine. Epimenis.) Epitrix, v. 173. cucumeris, vi, 167. equi, Gastrophilus, ix, 6l. Psoroptes, ix, 64. eragrostides, Colopha, viii, 144. Glyphina, viii, 144. epimenis, Psychomorpha, vii, 177,178, 280; x, 111, 172. erechtea, Drasteria, vii, 233, 278; x, 148. (See Grape-vine INDEX, eremicola, Osmoderma, v,91. Eresia texana, x, 164, Ergates, v, 151, 152. erigeronensis, Siphonophora, viii, 58. Tychea, viii, 100, 168. erinaceus, Panscopus, V, 136. Eriophilus mali, viii, 131. Eriosoma, i, 8,56; iv, 199; viii, 34, 38, 153. carye, Vili, 141, eornicola, vili, 141. fungicola, viii, 141. lanigera, i1,8,55; viii, 126, 128, 136. Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree.) mali, viii, 126. pyri, iv,198; viii, 128,136. Aphis of the Apple-tree.) ulmi, viii, 136. | eriosoma, Chrysopa, viii, 136. Erirhinides, v, 134, 139. Erirhinus, v, 140. | Eros, v, 105. coecinatus, y, 105. Erotylide, v, 35, 177, 178, 180. Erotylus, v, 180. error, Platygaster, x. 212. erythroptera, Locusta, ix, 95. erythropterus, Gryllus, ix, 93. eubule, Callidryas, vii, 147,278; x,78. Eucerata, v. 127, 148. | Eucheetes collaris, x, 169. Eucnemides, v, 98. Eucnemis, v, 98. Eueronia, vii, 271. maia, vii, 195, 279, 281; x, 127, 163. Eudamus, vii, 270. bathyllus, vii, 162, 277, 280, 283; x, 98, lycidas, vii, 162. proteus, x, 184. tityrus, vii, 163, 277,281; x, 98, 153. Eudocimus, v, 139. Eudryas, vii, 270; x, 110. grata, vii, 178, 280, 283; x, 111, 112, 173. unio, vii, 178, 279, 280; x, 111, 173. Eufitchia, vii, 272. ribearia, vii, 237, 280. (See (See Woolly | Kugnamptus, v, 142. Eugonia, vii, 272. subsignaria, vii, 243, 277, 279. Eumetopona ministra, iv, 186. Eumolpides, v, 127, 163. Eumolpini, v, 165. euonymi, Aphis, viii, 88. Eupelmus allyni, xi, 81. euphorbie, Aphis, viii, 57. Siphonophora, viii, 56. euphorbicola, Siphonophora, viii, 57, Hupithecia interrupto-fasciata, xi, 6, 23. Eupoda, v, 162. Eupogonius, v. 158. Eupsalis minuta, v, 130, 131. Euptoieta, vii, 270. elaudia, vii, 150: x, 80. Eurema lisa, ix, 32. EEE SS INSECT European Cabbage Web Moth. (See Cab- bage Tinea. European Cabbage worm or Butterfly, Im- ported Cabbage worm, Rape Butterfly, Pieris Rape, ix, 8, 25, 27, 29, 31, 34; xi, 32. Broods, number of, ix, 17; x, 78. Chronological history, vii, 144; ix, 9. Eggs, 1x, 11,14. Figure of larva, x, 77,179; xii, 92. male and female butterflies, x, 77,179; xii, 92. Food plants, vii, 144, 145, 278, 280; x,78; xi, ode Habits and mode of life, vii, 145; ix, 9, 12, 14,39; x, 179. Imago, vii, 145, 146; ix, 10. Insect enemies, Vii, 146; ix,2,17; xi, 35, 63. Larva, Vii, 145; ix, 13, 14,35; x, 77,179; xi, 32. Life history, ix, 1]. Occurrence in 1879, ix, 37. 1881, xi, 7. Pupa, vii, 145; ix, 16, 35. Range, vii, 144; ix,2; xi, 82. Remedies, vii, 145; ix, 21; xi, 32; x1i, 92. Euryomia, v, 90. fulgida, v, 90. inda, v,91: vi, 108, pp. i, ii. melancholica, v,91; vi, 108, p. i. vestita, vi, 108. Eurytheme Butterfly, Colias eurytheme, Vii, 147, 278, 281; x, 78. eurytheme, Colias, vii, 147,278,281; x, 78. Eurytris Butterfly, Neonympha eurytris, vii, 156,280; x, 90, 184. eurytris, Neonympha, vii, 156,180; x, 90,184. Euschistus punctipes, xi, 27. Eustrophus, v, 120. Eutrapela, vii, 272. transversata, vii, 244, 280, 281, 282. Euura orbitalis, x, 64, 65, 69. salicicola, x, 64, 65, 69. salicis-gemma, x. 65, 69. salicis-ovum, x, 65, 69. evanidalis, Hypena, x, 148. Evarthrus, xii, 109, 115. colossus, xii, 109. sodalis, xii, 110. Evening Silky Leaf-chafer, Serica vespert- ina, v, 88; vi, 102, p. iv. Exartema fascianatum, x, 153. exceecatus, Paonias, vii, 167. Smerinthus, vii, 167, 277, 282. excavata, Microrhopala, v,175. excavatum, Platydema, v, 126. exclamationis, Chrysomela, v, 167. Zygogramma, v, 167. excrementi, Geotrupes, v, 82. Geotrypes, V, &2. Excrementivora, v,79. Jamellicornia, v, 37,80. Exema, v, 170. exesus, Tomicus, v, 147. exitiosa, #geria, i, 24,80,281; vi,33, 34, 38, 44. pp. 1, iii; vii, 169; x, 106, 107, 108. INDEX. OD Exochomus, v, 184. tripustulatus, v, 184. Exorista, iii, 124. flavicauda, x, 37. leucanie, x.37; xi, 53, 63, osten-sackeni, x, 37. phycitae, iii, 123. exprimens, Heliothis, vii, 233, 282. Pyrrhia, vii, 233, 282. externum, Calosoma, x,4l. extranea, Leucania, x, 9, 19. exusta, Ceramiea, ix, 52. Eyed Emperor, Apatura celtis, vii, 155, 279, 280; x, 88, 89. Eye-marked Golden eye, Chrysopa oculata, viii, 177. fab, Aphis, viii, 88. Bruchus, vi, 128. fagi, Aphis, viii, 43, 120. Phyllaphis, vii, 120. Schizoneura, viii, 140. falacer, Thecla, i, 70 Falagria, v, 73. Fall Army-worm, Daggy’s Corn-worm, Laphygma (Prodenia). frugiperda, vii, 97, 219, 278; x, 138. Canker-worm, Anisopteryx autumnata, Vii, 238, 277, 278, 279, 281; xi, 26, 27,31. Web-worm. Hyphantria (Spilosoma) textor, ii, 18; vi, 13; vii, 107, 111, 185, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283; x, 116, 154. falsarius, Acoloithus, x, 112. farectus, Bolbocerus, v, 82, farinalis, Asopia, x, 157. Pyralis, vii, 247, 278, 282. fascianatum, Exartema, x, 153. fasciata, Daene, v, 181. fasciatus, Ips, v,60; vi, 91. Panageus, Vv, 46. fascicularis, Hemirhipis, v, 97. fasciventris, Dytiscus, v, 50. fastidiosa, Chrysobothris, vi, 111. faunus, Grapta,£vii, 152, 280; x, 84. feisthamelii, Plusia, ix, 50. temorale, Acridium, ix, 95. femoralis. Diraphia, viii, 14. Oxyporus, Vv, 70. femorata, Chrysobothris, v, 94, 95; vi, 12,13, Sr Odo S410) 11S) 1525 pplel il ent Live (See Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer.) femoratus, Caloptenus. ix, 96. femur-rubrum, Acridium, ix, 95. Caloptenus, i, 99; iii, 158; vi, 45, 56; vii, 35, 36, 37, 38; ix, 86, 91, 95, 96, 121, 122, 123, 124, 131 133,134,135. (See Red-legged Locust.) Melanoplus, ix, 96. Feronia, v, 48. ferruginea, Lycoperdina, v, 182. fervidana, Tortrix, x, 154. festuce, Plusia, ix, 46,50. 26 INSECT Fickle Midge, Sciara (Molobrus) inconstans, i, 19. ficus, Psylla, viii, 16. Fidia, v, 166, 168. iongipes, v, 168, viticola, v, 168. Fiery Ground-beetle, Red-spotted Cater- pillar Hunter, Cutworm Lion, Calosoma calidum, ii, 64; v,42; vi, 89, 162, 163; vii, 118, 119,218; x,41; xi,27; xii, 108. Fifteen-spotted Lady-bird, Anatis (Cocci- nella) 15-punctata, v, 183; vi, 174; vii, 128; Vili, 174; xi,27; xii, 116. Figure 8 Minor Moth, Mamestra renigera, VAI OLS exo te filamentaria, Nematocampa, X1i, 242,279; x, 148. Filicornes, iv, 36; v,36,37,92; vi, 87. filicornis, Bolbocerus, y, 82. Odontus, v, 82. fimbriatus, Stiretrus, ii, 64; vi, 162. fimetarius, Aphodius, v, 81. Fire- fly, Lightning-beetle,Photinus pyralis, v, 106, 107. Fir-tree Saw-fly, Lophyrus abietis, x, 65, 70. fissilis, Melanotus, v, 100; vi, 25,117,118; vii, 30. Five-spotted Sphinx. (See Tomato worm.) flabellata, Pyrochrea, vy, 117. Flata coniea, xii, 104. Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, Flat-headed Borer, Chrysobothris femorata, v, 95; vi, 37, 152. Beetle, vi, 110,111. classification, v, 95. Eggs, vi, 110. Example of family, vi, 84. Figure of beetle, v, 94; vi, 110. head of larva, v, 94; vi, 110. larva, V, 94; vi, 110. pupa, v, 94; vi, 110. Insect enemies, vi, 110. Larva, vi. 35, 110. injuries done by, vi, 75. Life History, vi, 110. Plants injured by, vi, 43, 110, pp. i, ii, iii, iv. Remedies, vi, 12, 13, 111. Varieties, vi, 111. Flattened Centipede, planatus, xi, 45. flavicauda, Exorista, x, 37. flavida, Colaspis, vi, 164, pp. ii, iv. flavidalis, Botys, vil, 248. flavifrontella, Tinea, vii, 262, 278. flavipes, Platydema, v, 126. flavocostella, Gelechia, x, 153. flavovittatum, Acridium, ix, 96. flavus, Lasius, xii, 43,111. Flea-beetle, Cabbage (See Striped Flea- beetle). Cucumber or Flea-beetle). Polydesmus com- Hairy (See Cucumber INDEX. Flea-beetle, Grape-vine (See Grape-vine Flea-beetle). Punetulated (See Punctulated Flea- beetle). Small Bronze (See Small Bronze Flea- beetle). Striped (See Striped Flea-beetle}. Turnip (See Turnip Flea-beetle). Flea-louse, Blackberry (See Blackberry Flea-louse). Pear (See Pear Flea-louse). Fleas, Pulicide, vi, 73; ix, 59,61. Flesh Flies (See House Flies). fiexuosus, Mycetophagus, Vv, 61. Flies, Blue-bottle (See House Flies). Flesh (See House Flies), Forest (See Forest Flies). Gall (See Gall Flies). Horse (See Horse Flies). House (See House Flies). Robber (See Robber Flies). Flies, Two-winged Flies, Diptera. Classification, i, 32; iv, 24,25; v. 24,25; vi, 68,69; ix, 60. Distinguishing characteristics, iv, 25; V; 253 Vi, 67,77 é Families, vi, 73. Larve, Vi, 77. Metamorphoses, iv. 8; Vv, 8. Name, iv, 13, 24; v, 13, 24. Parasitie, vii, 217; viii, 172; ix, 136. Structure, iv, 12,13, 14; v, 12, 13,14. Flower-bug, Insidious (See Insidious Flower-bug). Fluke, Liver (See Liver Fluke). Flukes, ix, 58,59. Fly Weevil (See Angoumois Grain Moth). Folded Tape-worm, !nia plicata, ix, 70. foreata, Phylloxera, viii, 164. ’ Forda, Viii, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43. Forest Flies, Horse ticks and Sheep ticks, Hippobosecide, vi, 73,76; ix, 61, 64. Lackey Moth. (See Tent Caterpillar of the Forest.) Tent Caterpillar. of the Forest.) forfiealis, Pionea, ix, 40. Forficula, iv, 14; v,14. Forficulide, ix, 73, 80, 82. Formiea, x, 40. aphidicola, i, 61: viii, 150. formicarius, Pemphigus, viii, 150. formicetorum, Pemphigus, viii, 150, Formicidé, vi,71. formosa, Plusia, ix, 44. Fornax, V, 98. Four-horned Ceratomia. (See Elm Sphinx.) -humped Cureulio. (See Apple Curculio.) -lined Psylla, Psylla quadrilineata, viii, 18. -striped Plant-bug. Capsus (Phytocoris) quadrivittatus, ii, 61. (See Tent Caterpillar ae » INSECT INDEX. OT Fox-colored Staphylinus, Staphylinus vul- pinus, v, 69. fragarie, Analeis, v, 143; vi, 38, 43, 83, 85. p. iv; xii, 65. Anchylopera, vii, 108, 258, 282. Siphonophora, viii, 68. Tyloderma, xii, 64. var. immaculata, Siphonophora, viii, 68, 191. fratella, Plusia, ix, 44. fraterna, Phyllophaga, vi, 99, 100,101, pp. i, ii, iii. fraxini, Aphis, viii, 147. Pemphigus, viii, 211. Phytoptus, xii, 136. fraxinifolii, Pemphigus, viii, 146, 210. frigida, Pieris, ix, 27. frontalis, Ptinus, vi, 122. Frucetivora rostrata, v, 126, 127. frugiperda, Laphygma, Vii, 97,219,278; x, 138. Prodenia,. vii, 219. Fruit-worm, Currant (See Currant Fruit- worm.) fucosa, Hypropepia, x, 184. ’ fulgida, Euryomia, v, 90. Fulgora candelaria, v, 106. lanternaria, v, 106. Fulgoride, vi,72; viii, 11. fulvicollis, Ctenucha, vii, 179. Scepsis, x, 171. fulvicosta, Callimorpha, ii, 49; vii, 180; x, 113. fumans, Brauchinus, v, 44. fumipennella, Aphis, viii, 171. fumipennellus, Callipterus, viii, 171. funebrana, Opadia, i, 81. fungicola, Eriosoma, viii, 141. Schizoneura, viii, 141, 197. var., Schizoneura, viii, 141. Fungus beetles, Heteromerous. (See Heter- omerous Fungus beetles.) Trimerous. (See Trimerous beetles.) Fur Moth, Tinea pellionella, vii, 265, 279. fur, Ptinus, v, 102; vi, 121, 122. furcilla, Platyeerura, x, 168. furcipes, Aphis, viii, 211. fusea, Lachnosterna, v,85, 87; vii,33. Phyllophaga, v, 85, 87; vi, 89, 97, 101, 102, PD. 1, ii, iii, iv; vil, 33. Fungus G Galerita, v, 44; xii, 108. janus, v, 44; xi,63; xii, 108. lecontei, xi, 63. Galeruea, v, 170,171, 172. ealmariensis, vy, 171. vittata, v,170; xi, 165, p. iii. Galerucide, v, 162. Galerucides, v, 127, 163, 170. Galerucine, vi, 157,165. Galerucini, v, 171. Galerucit, v, 162. Galgulide, viii, 12. Gall Flies, Gall Gnats, Cecidomyide, vi, 73: x, 200. (See Gall Makers.) Lice. (See Gall-making Aphides.) Gall-louse, Grape-leaf. (See Grape Phyllo- xera.) : Hickory-vein. (See Hickory-vein Gall- louse.) Poplar. (See Poplar Gall-louse.) -bullet. (See Poplar-bullet Gall- louse.) -leaf. (See Poplar-leaf Gall-louse.) -vein. (See Poplar-vein Gall-louse.) Red Elm. (See Red Elm Gall-louse.) Vagabond. (See Vagabond Gall-louse.) Gall Makers, Gall Flies, Cynipide, i, 79; vi, sxe 1632 -making Aphides, Gall Lice, iv, 193, 198. Mites. (See Plant Mites.) Plant-louse. Sumach. (See Sumach Gall Plant-louse.) gallegenitella, Gelechia. i, 79. Galleria, vii, 273. cereana, Vii, 253, 277, 283. galliseabri, Aphis, viii, 88. Gamaside, ix, 65. gamma, Plusia. ix, 41, 42, 43, 44,50. garganicus, Chion, v, 154; vi, 38, 149. Gastropacha, vii, 271. americana, x, 166. velleda, vii, 197, 277. Gastrophilus equi, ix, 61. Gastrophysa, v, 166, 167. polygoni, v, 167; vi, 6, 171. p. ii. Gaurotes, v. 156. cyanipennis, v, 156. Gay-louse, Chestnut. louse.) gei, Siphonophora, viii, 65. Gelechia, vii, 273. cerealella, vii, 266,280,283; xii, 144. fiavocostella, x, 153. gallegenitella, i, 79. gelechiz, Pteromalus, xii, 151. geminata, Stelidota, i, 18. geminatus, Paniscus, vii, 218. gemma, Neonympha, x, 91. genista, Aphis, viii, 88. Geodephaga, iv, 36; v, 36,37. Geometer, Raspberry. (See Raspberry Geometer.) Strawberry. (See Strawberry Geometer.) Geometridae, Vi. 72. Geometrids. (see Measuring worms.) Geophilide, ix, 73. Geophilus, xii, 111,115. Geopinus, v, 48. inerassatus, v, 49; vii, 218. georgicana, Lachnosterna, v, 87. Phyliophaga, v, 87. Geotrupes, v, 81, 82. excrementi, v, 82. opacus, V, 82. splendidus, v, 82. Geotrupide, iv, 36; v, 37,79, 80,81; vi, 70,80. Geotrypes, V. 81, 82. (See Chestnut Gay- 28 INSECT INDEX. Geotrypes excrementi, v, 82. opacus, V, 82. splendidus, vy, 82. gerardix, Siphonophora, viii, 65, gibbosa, Aphis, viii, 211. gibbosus, Ligyrus, vi, 98. giganteus, Goliathus, v, 90. glacialis, Hippodamia, vi, 174; xii, 41,117. Glassy Cutworm, Devastating Dart, Ha- dena devastatrix, vii, 96,216,278; x, 137. glauconome, Pieris, ix, 28. globosa, Dactylospheera, i, 21; viii, 163. glomeratus, Microgaster, ix, 20. Glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluea, v, 106. glycerium, Paphia, x, 89. Glycobius speciosus, vi, 38, 44, 151. Glypha, xi, 13. Glyphe viridescens, x, 39. Glyphina, viii, 35, 41, 43, 142, 145, 204. betulee, viii, 142. eragrostidis, viii, 144. ulmicola, viii, 89, 142, 204. Gnats, xii, 110. (See Mosquitoes.) Black (See Black Gnats). Buffalo (See Buffalo Gnats). “Long-legged (See Long-legged Gnats). Goathead Locusts, Tragocephala, ix, 85, 134. Goat-weed Butterfly, Paphia andria, vii, 156, 279, 280. Goerius olens, v, 68. Golden Chrysochus, Chrysochus auratus, v, 168; vi, 164, p. ii. Golden-eye, Counterfeit (See Counterfeit Golden-eye). 162, 168,173; viii, Disagreeable (See Disagreeable Golden- eye). Eye-marked (See Eye-marked Golden- eye). Weeping (See Weeping Golden-eye). Yellow-headed (See Yellow-headed Golden-eye). Golden-eyes (See Lace-winged Flies). Golden Tortoise-beetle. Coptocyela (Cas- sida) aurichaleea, v, 177; vi, 172, p. iv, Goldsmith Beetle, Cotalpa lanigera, v, 89. Goliathus giganteus, v, 90. Gomphocerus infuseatus, ix, 93. radiatus, ix, 93. viridifasciatus, ix, 93. Gooseberry Span-worm Moth, Eufitehia ribearia, Vii, 237, 280. worm, Myelois convolutella=Pempelia grossularia, vii, 251; xi, 6,23. Gordius, ix, 137. gordius, Lethia, x, 105. Gortyna, vii, 222, 223, 272; xi, 83. cataphraeta, vii. 221. nebris, vii, 100, 114, 222. nitela, iii, 141; vii, 4,7,81,99, 100, 108, 112, 221, 278, 280,283; ix, 142; x, 151; xii, 103. (See Stalk Borer.) Zee, lil, 141. Gothie Dart (See Dingy Cutworm). gracilis, Grapta, vii, 152. Grain Beetles, Calandra (Sitophilus), iv, 183; v, 64, 144. Bruchus, Grain Bruchus of Europe, Bruchus granarius, ii, 6; v, 129; vi, 129, PD. 1 lil: -louse Aphidius, Aphidius (Pradn) aven- aphis, viii, 176. Moth (See Wolf Moth). Angoumois (See Angoumois Grain Moth). Moths, Alucita and Tinea, iv, 183; v, 64; vii, 273. Plant-louse, Wheat Plant-louse, Oat or Grain Aphis, Siphonophora (Aphis) avenze=—Siphonophora (Aphis) grana- rie, vii, 5; viii, 6, 29, 45, 51,176,181; ix, 3; Sails grallator, Cryptus, vi, 110. granariz, Aphis, viii, 51,181. Siphonophora, viii, 6,54. granarius, Bruchus, ii.6; v,129; vi, 129, pp. Te rbtily Sitophilus, i,7. | grande, Lathrobium, v,71. Grandipalpi, v, 42. | grandis, Lebia, ii,64; v,45; vi, 90, 162. | granella, Tinea, iv, 183; vii, 265, 280, 283. granulatus, Agrilus, xii,121. Grape berry Moth, Penthina vitivorana, Vii, 257, 280. Curculio, Coeliodes ine qualis, i, 13; vi, 142, p. ii. -inhabiting Aphis. (See Grape Louse.) Leaf-folder, Desmia maculalis, vii, 248, 280. -leaf Gall-louse. (SeeGrapePhylloxera.) Louse, Grape-inhabiting Aphis, Siph- onophora viticola, viii,55; xii, 6. Phylloxera, Grape-leaf Gall - louse, Phylloxera (Dactylosphera) vitifoliz, i, 21,22; iv. 198,199; vii, 76; viii, 5, 28,31, 43, 89, 133, 158, 163, 182. Root Borer, A{geria polistiformis, i, 24; vii, 171, 280; x, 106, 108. (See Broad- necked Prionus.) -vine Colaspis, Colaspis flavida, xi, 164, pp. ii,iv. Epimenis, Blue Caterpillar of the Vine, Psychomorpha epimenis, vii, 176, 177, 178, 280; x, 111, 172. Fidia, Fidia viticida, v, 168; vi, 160, pp. ii, iii. Flea-beetle, Steel-blue Flea-beetle of the Grape- vine, Graptodera (Haltica) chalybea, v, 161, 172, 173; vi.170, p. i. Plume, Pterophorus periscelidacty- lus, vii, 268, 280. -worm, Green Cream-spotted. (See Green Cream-Spotted Grape-worm.) | Graphisurus, v, 158. Grapta, vii, 270. comma, Vii, 152,279,281; x, 84, 163. aeeepenaiaiedts INSECT Grapta faunus, vii, 152,280; x, 84. gracilis, vii, 152. interrogationis, vii, 151, 277,279,280; x, 84, 164. j-album, x, 85. milberti, x,85. progne, ii,59; x, 85. Graptodera, v,171,172. chalybea, v,172,173; vi, 170. Grasshopper, Hateful. (See Rocky Mount- ain Locust.) Parasite, Locust Mite, Trombidium lo- custarum=Atoma gryllaria, iii, 157; ix, 136. Red-legged. (See Red-legged Locust.) Grasshoppers. (See Katydids; see Locusts.) grata, Eudryas, vii, 178, 280, 283; x, 111, 112,173 Gray-sided Cureulio, Pandeleteius hilaris, vi, 38, 43, 182. pp. iii, iv. Greasy Cutworm, Black Cutworm. Lance Rustic, Agrotis ypsilon=A. telifera, vii, 84, 93, 210, 278; ix, 141; x, 134. Greater Leaf-roller, Oblique-banded Leaf- roller, Loxotenia (Lozot«nia)rosaceana, Vii. 256, 277, 282; x, 153; xi, 10. Great Leopard Moth, Large Black Bear, Eepantheria scribonia, vii, 184, 279, 281, 282, 283; x, 116. Green Apple-leaf Tyer, Tortrix cinderella, Vii, 255, 277. ; Chestnut-backed Plum Caterpillar, Apatela (Acronycta) superans, ii, 51; ole Cream-spotted Grape-worm, Copper Underwing, Pyrophila (Amphipyra) pyramidoides, ii,56; vii, 225, 279, 280, 281, 282; x, 180. Dolphin, Siphonophora pisi, viii, 64, -spotted Caterpillar Hunter. (See Rum- maging Beetle.) striped Locust, Tragocephala viridi- fasciata, var. virginiana, ix, 88,93, 105, 106, 134. Maple worm, Rosy Dryocampa, Dry- ocampa rubicunda, vii, 196,279, 281; Sale gregarius, Calathus, v, 49: xii, 109. griseus, Limonius, vii, 30. grossularie, Pempelia, vii, 251; Xi, 6, 23. Pristiphora, x, 64, 65, 69, Ground-beetle, Fiery. (See Fiery Ground beetle). Janus. (See Janus Ground beetle.) Ground beetles. (See Predaceous Ground beetles.) Heteromerous. (See Ground beetles.) Grub worms. (See White Grubs.) gryllaria, Astoma, vi, 56. Atoma, iii, 157; ix, 136. Gryllide, vi, 70; ix, 73,82. Gryllus wqualis, ix, 94. americanus, ix, 6, Heteromerous INDEX. 29 Gryllus bivittatus, ix, 96. brevicornis, ix, 92. earolinus, ix, 94. chrysomelus, ix, 93. erythropterus, ix, 95. serialis, ix, 96. suecinetus, ix, 96. sulphureus, ix, 94, virginianus, ix, 93. viridifasciatus, ix, 93. grynea, Catocala, x, 183. guttata, Cassida, vi, 172, p. iv. Coptocyela, v, 177; vi, 172. Gymnetis, v, 90. nitida, v, 89,90; vi, 107. Gynandropus, v, 48, 49. Gyrinide, iv, 36; v, 36,50,51,53; vi, 70,80, 81. Gyrinus, iv, 10; yv, 10,51. Gyrophena, v, 73,75. H Hadena, vii, 202,271. (See Cut-worms.) amputatrix, vii, 217. arctica, vii, 96,217,278; x, 137. devastatrix, vii, 96,216,278; x, 137, Hemorrhagia thysbe, vii. 164. hemorrhoidalis, Oryssus, x, 71. Hair Moth, Tinea biseliella, vii, 265, 278, 280, -worms, Gordius sp., ix, 137. ; -worms, ix, 58,59. Hairy Flea-beetle. beetle.) May-beetle, White Grub, Lachnosterna (Phyllophaga) pilosicollis, v, 87; vi, 100, pp. i, ii, iii. Saperda, Saperda vestita, vi, 156, p. ii. Halacaride, ix, 65. Halesidota, vii, 271. carye, x, 168. tessellaris, vii, 185,279; x, 116, 168. Haliplus, v,51. Hallomenus, v, 120. Haltica, i, 52; v, 141, 162, 171,172; vi, 83, 157. chalybea, v, 172.173; vi, 170, p. i. (See Cucumber Flea- helxines, ili, 137; v,171. nemorum, vi, 169. pubescens, vi, 167. punctulata, vi, 168, p. ii. vittata, vi, 168, pp. ii, iii, iv. Halticine, vi, 165. Halticini, v,171. hamamelidis, Hormaphis, i, 22. hamamelis, Apatela, x, 151. Hamamelistes, i, 22. cornu, i, 22. spinosus, viii, 206. hamatus, Corymbetes, v, 100; vi, 25. Hammer-headed Wood-borers. (See Saw- horned Wood-borers.) hammondi, Pempelia, Vii, 252, 277. 30 INSECT INDEX’ Hand-maid Moth. Apple-tree Caterpillar.) | Handsome Plant-louse, Callipterus (Aphis, | Myzoeallis) bella, i, 60; viii, 106, 196, 197. Harlequin Cabbage bug, Murgantia histri- | Onica, vi, 59, p. ii; ix,7. Harnessed Moth, Arctia phalerata, vii, 181, | 280s x, 115. 171. Harpactor cinetus, ii, 23,64; vi, 162,163; vii, 60; xii, 43, 56. Harpalides, v, 41, 46, 47. Harpalus, iv, 28; v, 28, 47, 48,49,150; xii, 112, DNS caliginosus, ii, 64; iv, p. vii, 10, 26,27; v, 10, 26,27; vi, 90,162,163; ix, 78; x,41; xii, 112. herbivagus, 12,112. pennsylvanicus, v, 47; vi, 90, 140; x, 41; xii, 112. harrisi, Anisodactylus, xii, 112, Aspidiotus, i, 53: vii, 108, 277. Odontota, v.175. Phyciodes, x, 162. Sphinx, x, 105. Tragosoma, V, 152. Harris’s Bark-louse, Aspidiotus harrisi, i, 36, 37,39, 40, 45,53; vii, 5, 108, 277. Harvest Mites, Trombidiine, ix, 65. Snouted. (See Snouted Harvest Mites.) harveyi, Heliophila, vii, 223. Leucania, vii, 223; x,186; xi,8. Hateful Grasshopper. (See Rocky Moun- tain Locust.) Haustellata, iv,25; v, 25. Hawk Moths, Humming-bird Moths, Sphinx Moths, Sphinges, Sphingide, iv, 6; v,6;- 72; Vii, 163,269,270; x,99. Heart worm. (See Stalk Borer.) Hedgehog Caterpillar, Isabella Tiger Moth, Pyrrharetia (Arctia) isabella, vii, 182, 278, 279, 280, 281; ix,53; x, 115,169; xi, 60. Heilipus, v, 139. helianthi, Aphis, viii, 194. Heliophila harveyi, vii, 223. phragmitidicola, vii, 224. unipuncta, vii, 101, 224, 278, 280, 283. (See Army Worm.) Heliothis, vii, 272. armigera, vii, 4, 102, 281,278,279; x, 150; xi, 5,82. (See Corn Worm.) exprimens, vii, 233, 282. phloxiphagus, vii, 230. Helluomorpha, v, 44, 45. Helmintha, ix, 58. Helophorus, v, 54. Helopides, v, 122. Helops, v, 122, 128. helxines, Crepidodera, v, 173. Haltica, iii, 137; v, 171. Hemaris diffinis, vii, 163. Hemerobiide, vi, 71. Yellow-necked | (See Hemiptera, iv, 7,8, 12, 14, 15, 24,82; v, 7,8, 12,14, 15, 24,32; vi, 68, 69, 72,76; viii, 9,11; ix, 60,75; X, 60; xii, 114,115. (See Bugs.) hemipterum, Acridium, ix, 93. Hemirhipis fascicularis, v, 97. henrici, Arsilonche, x, 171. hepaticum, Distoma. ix, 67. hepaticus, Elater, vii, 28. Hepialide, vi, 34. 42. herbivagus, Harpalus, xii, 112. Herbivora, v, 79. lamellicornia, v, 37,83. tetramera, Vv, 127, 160. herilis, Agrotis, vii, 90, 204, 205,278; x, 133. heros, Daecne. v, 181. herricki, Platygaster, x, 213. herse, Apatura, x, 89. Hesperide, vii, 159, 269, 270. Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor, i, 18; IN) PIG M5 PALM (e yaulle (5. ab ZINDEX TO Burning vines for Aphis cucumeris, Melon Plant Louse, xii, 89. Baridius trinotatus, Weevil, vi, 142. webs of Datana ministra, Hand-maid Moth, vii, 190. Hyphantria textor, Fall Web Worm, Vii, 111, 185. Potato-Stalk woodlands for Blissus leucopterus, Chinech Bug, vii, 55. Cc Camphor for Aphides, Plant Lice. viii, 182. Bruehus pisi, Pea Weevil, vi, 128. Tinea biseliella, Hair Moth, vii. 265, dorsistrigella, Clothes Moth, vii, 263. pellionella, Fur Moth, vii, 265. rusticella, vii, 264. tapetzella, Carpet Moth, vii, 264. Capturing with net Mgeria polistiformis, Grape-root Borer, i, 27. Pieris oleracea, Turnip Butterfly, vii, 144. protodice, Southern Cabbage But- terfiy, vii, 142. rape, Rape or European Cabbage Butterfly, vii, 146; ix, 21, 22. Carbolie acid as an inseeticide, ii, 81. diluted with lime water for Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 24. for Moths, vii, 264. Pieris rapx, European Cabbage But- terfly, 1x, 22. Psoroptes equi, Seab Mite, ix, 66. Selandria pyri, Pear Slug, ii, 81. Selandria rose. Rose Slug, ii, 81. Carbon, bisulphide of.for Aphis cucumeris, Melon Plant Louse, xii, 89. Phylloxera vitifolie, Grape Phylloxera, villi, 159. Pieris rape, European Cabbuge Worm, xii, 95. Care of soil, vi, 12. Castor bean crop Worms, vi,30. Caustic potash for Apple Root Louse, vi,9. Chinch Bug trap, vii, 52. Chip traps for Alypiaoctomaculata, Eight- spotted Forester, vii, 177. opouacnelus nenuphar, Plum Cureculio, vi, 141. Eudryas grata, Beautiful Wood Nymph, vii, 179. ude yas unio, Pearly Wood Nymph. vii, 1d. for Elateride, Wire Psychomorpha epimenis, Grape-vine Epimenis, vii, 177. Cinders around trees for Borers, vi, 39. Clean culture for Diabrotica longicornis, x, ES sale 72 SAN SIUE Cleaning the traes, vi, 13. up rubbish, vi, 9. for Saperda candida, Round-head- ed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 155. Climatie influences, effect on Acridida, Locusts, ix, 132, 133, 135.140. - —T REMEDIES. C7 | Climatic, influences, effect Cutworms, vii, 85, 89; x, 55. Anisopteryx autumnata, Fall Canker Worm, vii, 23). on Agrotis, vernata, Canker Worm, vi, 16, 21. | Aphides. Plant Lice, x, 55. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, vii, 50, 54,55,58,61; x,3,48,50,51,54,55; xi, 98; X1i, 5. 33, 34, 35. 36, 38, 39, 46, 47. 56. Caloptenus differentialis, vi, 45. femur-rubrum, Red-legged Grass- hopper, vi, 45. spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 45. Diabrotica longicornis, Worm, xii, 6, 22, 27, 28, 31. Elateride, Wire Worms, vii, 32. Gelechia cerealella, Angoumois Grain‘ Moth, xii, 148, 149. Heliothis armigera, Armed Heliothis, vii, 232; xi, 87.88, 96, 98. Hessian Fly, x, 48. 55, 199, 209, 225. Hibernia tiliaria, Yellow Canker Worm, | xie26: insect development, x, 47, 48: xii, 6. Isosoma allyni, Wheat Straw Worm, xi, 81. Leaf-lice, iv, 197. Leucania (Heliophila) unipuneta, Army Worm Moth, vi. 57;\ vil, 224: x,/15, 32; 33, 34. 35, 43, 48, 56; xi, 57, 58, 59. Locusts, x, 55. Micropus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, iii 155. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 52. Myzus cerasi,Cherry-tree Aphis, viii, 76. Phytopti, Mites, xii, 143. Phorodon humuli, Hop Aphis, viii, 71; xiAgs Pieris beckeri, ix, 28. protodice, Southern Cabbage Butterfly, Corn Root ix, 28. rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, | 15, 16. Plant Lice, viii, 182, 183. Plutella cruciferarum, Cabbage Tinea, ib, Bi), Root Lice, viii, 1&2. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of Apple-tree, viii, 131. Siphonophora avene, Grain Aphis, viii, Da Oos Coal oi]. (See kerosene.) tar for Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, iii, 146. Chrysobothris femorata, Flat-head- ed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cureulio, i, 72. Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 32. Concentrated Ive for Mytilaspis conchifor- mis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 48. Plum 98 INDEX TO Concussion to destroy eggs and larva of Gelechia cerealella, Angoumois Grain Moth, xii, 154. Co-operation for extermination of Anisop- teryx vernata, Canker Worm, vi, 20. in burning stubble for Isosoma allyni, Wheat Straw Worm, xi, 80. Copperas for Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, SL Svalii, OPA, ORY BAS. Corrosive sublimate for Moths, vii, 264. Cuckoo, American. (See American Cuckoo.) Cultivating tall varieties of corn for Helio- this armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, sl Oe Cultivation, effect on Mytilaspis conchifor- mis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 53. Cureculio cateher, Dr. Hull’s, vi, 140. Cutting Grain close to ground for Hes- sian Fly, x, 224. and feeding corn stalks infested with Achatodes zew, Spindle Worm Moth, Vii, 100. out and burning canes infested with Agrilus ruficollis, Raspberry Borer, VAMOS borers, vi, 13, Chrysobothris femorata, Flat-head- ed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. D Destroying by hand #geria cureurbite, Squash Vine Borer, vi, 41. Blissus leucopterus, Chineh Bug, vii, 52. Plusia brassice, Cabbage Plusia, Vii, 230. erumpled leaves for Desmia maculalis, Grape Leaf-folder. vii, 249. ‘Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf-crump- ler, vii, 250. Psylla rubi, Blackberry Flea-louse, viii, 18. Tortrix malivyorana, Lesser Apple Leaf Folder, vii, 255. Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 52,53. Carpocapsa pomonella, Codling Moth, iv, 173. eucumbers, melons, or squashes that contain Phacellura nitidalis, Pickle Worm, vii, 252. Doryphora 10-lineata, Colorado Potato Beetle, apparatus for, ili, 164. eggs and larve of Orgyia leucostigma, White-marked Tussock Moth, vii, 186; xii, 101. eggs of Anisopteryx autumnata, Fall Canker Worm, Vii, 239. Gortyna nitela, Stalk Borer, vii, 114. injured fruit, vi, 9. leaves infested with Plant Lice, viii, 180, 183, REMEDIES. Destroying Notodonta concinna, Trim Prominent, vii, 190. old trees and planting anew to extermi- nate Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cureulio, vi, 141. plums for Anthonomus prunicida, Plum Gouger, i,77. vines attacked by M®geria cucurbite, Squash Vine Borer, vi, 41. wild and seedling plants to prevent breeding of Anarsia lineatella, Straw- berry Crown Miner, xii, 81. with scissors Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 22, 23. Digging about roots, vi,9. and picking out Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 28. or plowing in winter to expose Mazro- daetylus subspinosus, Rose Bug, vi, 104. out and burning roots infested by /Egeria rubi. Raspberry Root Borer, vi, 40. up and destroying larve and cocoons of Ageria polistiformis, Grape-root Borer, i, 27. Ditching against Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 54, 55. Heliophila unipuneta, Army Worm, Vii, 102; x, 42. Laphygma frugiperda, Fall Army Worm, vii, 98. Leucania unipuncta, Army Worm Moth, vii, 102, 225. and dragging heavy logs for Blissus leucopterus, Clinch Bug, vil, 52, 53. Draining land for Agrotis, Cutworms, vii, 84. Drenching with water for Aphis mali, Apple Plant Louse, xi, 9. : Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, vii, 62; xii, 39. Phytopti, Mites, xii, 142. Plutella cruciferarum, Cabbage Tinea, ix, 56. Driving into traps Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 55. windrows of hay or straw and burn- ing Macrobasis unicolor, Ash- gray Blister Beetle, vi, 127. off Epicauta vittata, Old-fashioned Potato Beetle, ix, 4. Dust for Aphis cucumeris, Melon Plant Louse, \ii, 89, 91. Selandria cerasi, Cherry Slug or Pear Slug, xii, 99. E Early planting for Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, vii, 104, 232; xi, 100. Elder leaves, infusion of for Diabrotica vit- tata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. English Sparrow as an insect eater, ix, 137. win Spare ly lla a INDEX TO 13 Fall plowing, vi, 9, 20. for Agrotis, Cutworms. Vii, 83, 85, 86, 218 Anisopteryx vernata, Canker Worm, pupe of, iii, 116; vi,9,19, vii, 240. Elateride, Wire Worms, Vii, 25, Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, vii, 105; xi, 94, 102. phloxiphagus, Phlox Heliothis, vii, 231. Leuecania harveyi, Wheat - head Army-worm Moth, v_ i.:44. Fats for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 46, 50. Fertilizers as measure against Diabrotica longicornis, Corn Root- Worm, xii, 29,31. Hessian Fly, x, 218, 221. Fish brine for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i,35; ii, 42. Mytilaspis pinifolii, Pine-leaf Seale Insect, ii, 91. Fluids, as insecticides, i, 53. Folding oxen and sheep in spring for Ela- teride, Wire Worms, vii, 32. Friction with stiff brush for Mytilaspis con- chiformis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 47,52. Frogs preying upon Blissus leucopterus, Chineh Bug, vii, 54, 60. Fumigating Plant-lice, viii, 183. apparatus for, viii, 184. Fungus destroying Blissus Chineh Bug, xii, 47, 53, 54. remedy for Pieris rap. European Cab- bage Butterfly, ix, 23 su0- leucopterus, G Gas-lime for Elaterid&, Wire Worms, vi, 29. tar for Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cureulio,i,71; vi, 140. Gathering and destroying fruit infested with Anthonomus quadrigibbus, Apple Cureulio, vi, 135. Pelidnota punctata, Chafer, vi, 107. apples infested with Carpocapsa pomo- nella, Codling Moth, iv, 173. by hand, vi, 9. Gauze or netting inclosure to protect trees from Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- euho, vi, 141, Glauber salts for Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cucumber beetle, vi, 166. Gopher, Common Striped, preying upon Leucania unipuneta, Army Worm. xi, 63. Grafting for #geria polistiformis, Grape- root Borer, i, 27; vii, 171. Granaries, cleaned thoroughly, to prevent ravages of Tinea granella, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii, 266. Grease, as an insecticide, i, 52. effect on plants, i, 52. Spotted Vine REMED-ES. 99 Guano for Elaterid#, Wire Worms, vi,29, 120, Sphenophorus zex,Corn Cureulio,vi,144. Gypsum for Hessian Fly, x, 219. H Hair Worm, Gordius, as parasite of Locusts, Exlsie Hand picking for Anchylopera fragarie, Strawberry Leaf Roller, vii, 259. Callimorpha lecontei, Callimorpha Pear Caterpillar, il, 50. Doryphora 10-lineata, Colorado Potato Beetle, ii, 68, 75; vi, 168; ix, 4. Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 27. Grapta interrogationis, Semicolon But- terfly, vii, 152. Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, xi, 103. phloxiphagus, Phlox Heliothis, vii, 231. Leucarctia acrea, Salt Marsh Moth, vii, 80,185. Lozotenia rosaceana, Vii, 256. Macrodactylus subspinosus, Rose Bug, vi, 104, Macrosila carolina, Carolina Sphinx or Tobacco-worm Moth, vii, 168. 5-maculata, Five-Spotted Sphinx or Tomato-worm Moth, vii, 169. Murgantia histrionica, Harlequin Cab- bage Bug, vi, 60. Papilio asterias, Asterias Butterfly, vii, 138. philenor, vii, 137. Pempelia hammondi, Apple Leaf Skele- tonizer, vii, 253. Philampelus achemon, Achemon Sphinx, vii, 160. pandorus, Satellite Sphinx, vii, 165. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf crumpler, i, 34; ii, 121. Phytoptus pyri, xii, 141. Pieris protodice, Southern Cabbage Butterfly, vii, 142. rape, European Cabbage Butterfly iba VAl Pionea forficalis. Pebble Moth, ix, 40. Plutella cruciferarum, European Cab- bage Web Moth, vii, 267. Pterophorus periscelidactylus, Grape Vine Plume,v ii, 268. Pyrophila pyramidoides, Green Cream- spotted Grape Worm or Copper Un- derwing. ii, 58; vii, 226. Samia eecropia, Cecropia Moth, vii, 194. Spilosoma virginica, Virginia Ermine Moth, vii, 181, 184. Tortrix malivorana, Lesser Apple Leaf- folder, ii, 23. Hanging-bird. (See Baltimore Oriole.) Philenor’s Swallow-tail, 100 Harrowing for Elateridw#, Wire Worms, vii, 32. Hay rope, for trapping Anisopteryx ver- nata, Spring Canker-worm. iii, 104, 105. Carpoeapsa pomonella, Codling Moth, 1,29. Heating beans or peas to destroy Bruchus granarius, Grain Bruchus of Europe, vi, 129. , grain for Gelechia cerealella, Angou- mois Grain Moth, xii, 152. Hellebore, white, for Currant Worm, ix, 15. Diabrotiea vittata, vi, 166. Emphytus maculatus, Slug vii, 112. Eufitchia ribearia, Gooseberry Span- worm Moth, vii, 287. Eupithecia interrupto-fasciata, Currant Fruit Worm, xi, 24. Hypena humuli, Hop-vine Moth, vii, 246. Lecanium acericola, Maple-tree Bark- louse, vii, 13. Nematus ventricosus, Gooseberry Saw- fly, vi, 6l. Pempelia hammondi, Apple Leaf Skele- tonizer, vii, 255. Strawberry INDEX TO Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butter- | fly, ix, 15, 21. saw-fly larve, ix, 15, Selandria cerasi, Cherry Slug or Pear Slug, xii. 100. rubi, Raspberry Slug, vi, 61. Hogs and sheep in orchards, vi,9. for destruction of Anisopteryx vernata, Canker-worm, iii, 100, 116; vi, 16, 20. Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Moun-:° tain Locust, vi, 55. Carpocapsa pomonella, Moth, xi, 20. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- eulio, vi, 141. Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 32. Lachnosterna quercina, May Beetle, vi, 9S. Leucania unipuneta, Army Worm, XA Hot air for Gelechia cerealella, Angoumois | Grain Moth, vii, 266. water around roots for Borers, ii, 39. effect on plants, i, 63. for M@geria exitiosa, Borer, vii, 179. pyri, Pear-tree Borer, vii, 171. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug. xii, 58. Bruchus pisi, Pea Weevil, vi, 128. Carpocapsa pomonella, Codling Moth, vii, 261; xi, 20. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly. ix, 22,24; xi,33; xii, 93. Saperda candida, Round-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 155. Peach-tree Codling | REMEDIES. Hot waterfor Schizoneuralanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, i, 63; viii, 132, 133. Verbena Mite, xii, 142. I Infusion of Alder for Pieris rape, Euro- pean Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 22. cayenne pepper and Smartweed for Pieris rape, ix, 24. Dog-fennel for Pieris rape, Euro- pean Cabbage Butterfly. ix, 22. Knotweed for Pieris rap@e, Euro- pean Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 22. Injection of insecticides into burrows of Chrysobothris femorata, Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. Saperda candida, Round-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi. 155. “Tnsect Mills” for Gelechia cerealella, An- goumois Grain Moth, vii, 266;. xii, 153. Insect powder. (See pyrethrum.) Inseeticides, apparatus for application of, to Plant Lice, viii, 181. for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark Louse, ii, 40. pinifolii, Pine-leaf Scale Insect, li, 89, 92. Selandria rose, Rose slug, ii, 80. Tortrix malivorana, Lesser Apple Leaf-folder. ii, 22.23. part of tree to which to apply, ii, 7. time of day for applying, ii, 7. time of year for applying, ii, 7, 23. Irrigation for Blissus leuecopterus, Chinch Bug, vii, 61. to destroy eggs of Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust. vi, 52. J Jarring, vi, 9. off and destroying Anisopteryx vernata, Spring Canker worm, iii, 116; vi, 19; vii, 240. Anomala binotata, Two-spotted Vine Chafer, vi, 106. lucicola, American Vine Chafer,ii, 56. Anthonomius prunicida, Plum Gouger, i, 77: vi, 137. Blepharida rhois, Jumping Sumach Beetle, vi, 167. Callimorpha lecontei, Callimorpha Pear Caterpillar, ii, 50. Capsus quadrivittatus, Four-striped Plant Bug, ii, 62. Ceeliodes inzequalis, Grape Cureulio, i, 20; vi, 1438. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- eulio, i, 77; vi, 140. Grapta progne, Spinous Caterpillar, ii, 61. Hypena humuli, vii, 246. Currant a INDEX TO Jarring off and destroying Lachnosterna quercina, May Beetle, vi, 99. Macrodactylus subspinosus, Rose Bug, i, 24; vi, 104. Orgyia leucostigma, White-marked Tussoek Moth, larva of, ii, 15. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf Crump- Jerse: Pyrophila pyramidoides, Green Cream-spotted Grape-worm, ii, 58. Selandria cerasi, Cherry Slug or Pear Slug, xii, 100. : Jimson weed (Datura), poisoned for Mac- rosila carolina, Carolina Sphinx or To- bacco-worm Moth, vii, 168. Macrosila 5-maculata, Five- spotted Sphinx or Tomato- worm Moth, vii, 169. K Kerosene as an insecticide, i, 52. effect on plants, i, 51,52. emulsion, apparatus for application of, xii, 63. comparative efficiency of diluents of, xii, 61, 63. for Aphis ecucumeris. Melon Plant Louse, xii, 89, 90, 91. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, xil, 58. Verbena Mite, xii, 142. method of preparing, xii, 58. strengths and composition of, xii, 59. /Egeria acerni, Maple Porer, vii, 174. Anisopteryx vernata, Canker worm, eges of, ili, 116; vi, 14,19. Blissus leucopterus, Chineh Bug, iii, 146. Chrysobothris femorata, Flat-head- ed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- eulio, 1,51; vi. 140. Diabrotiea vittata, Striped Cucum- ber Beetle, i,52. Elateridz, Wire Worms, vii, 25. Haltica, Flea beetles, i, 51. Melophagus ovinus, Sheep Tick, ix, 64. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 46,50,51,53; iii, 160. = Pieris rape, Huropean Cabbage But- terfly, ix, 24; xii, 96. Plant Lice, viii, 182. Psylla pyri, Jumping Plant Louse of Pear-tree, viii, 17. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 132, 135. Tinea granella, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii, 266. Knocking off and destroying Doryphora 10-lineata. Colorado Potato-beetle, ii, 69. fo Le) REMEDIES. 101 L Lard and coal oil as an inseeticide, i,52. Lard for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i,50,51; iii, 160. Late planting for Agrotis, Cutworms, vii, $3, 85, 86. Lead trough filled with oil for trapping Anisopteryx vernata, Spring Canker Worm, iii, 108. Legislation to protect insectivorous birds, vi, 54. Lettuce as bait for Elaterid#, Wire Worms, vi, 27. Lime as an insecticide, ii,7,15; vi,9. chloride of, for Aphis granarie, Grain Plant Louse, viii, 181. FBlateride, Wire Worms, vii, 23. for Anomala binotata, Two-spotted Vine Chafer, vi, 106. Anomala lucicola, American Vine chafer, 11,55, 56. Blissus leucopterus, iii, 155. Carpoeapsa pomonella, Moth, iv, 185; vi, 13, 14. Bark Lice, vi, 13, 14. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- eulio, i,71. Elateridw, Wire Worms, Vi, 28, 119, 120; Vii, 24, 31, 32. Eupithecia interrupto-fasciata, Cur- rant-Fruit Worm, xi, 24. Gelechia cerealella, Angoumois Grain Moth, xii, 154. Grapta progne. ‘Spinous Currant Caterpillar. ii, 61. Haltica helxines, Small Bronze Flea Beetle, iii, 137. Haltica vittata, Striped Flea Beetle, vi, 169, Hessian Fly, x, 217, 228, 224. Hyphantria textor, Fall Web Worm, ij. 20. Loxotenia rosneeana, vii, 256. Murgantia histrionica, Harlequin Cabbage Bug, vi.60. Mytilaspis econechiformis, shell Bark-louse, i, 35. Mytilaspis pinifolii, Pine Leaf Scale Insect, ii, 92. Orgyia leucostigma, White-marked Tussoeck Moth, larva of, ii, 15. Pempelia hammondi, Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, vii, 253, Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf-crump- ler ii,15; iti, 121. Pieris rape, European Cabbage But- Terily, ix, 15,225 xii, 97: Pionea rimosalis, Cabbage Tinea, ix, 39. Plant Lice, vi, 13,14; vii, 180. Psylla pyri, Jumping Plant Louse of the Peur tree, viii, 17. Codling Oyster- 102 INDEX TO Lime for Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 132. Selandria rubi, Raspberry Slug, vi, 61. Sphenophorus zee, Corn Cureulio, vi, 144. Tortrix malivorana, Lesser Apple Leaf-folder, ii, 23. (sulphuret) and soap, mixture of for Phytopti, Mites, xii, 143. Linseed oil for Mytilaspis conchiformis. Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i,50; iii, 160. London purple and road dust. mixture of, for Pieris rape, Imported Cabbage!Worm, xi, 34. for Carpocapsa Moth, xi, 21,30. Diabrotica longicornis, Corn Root- Worm, xii, 30. Hibernia tiliaria, Yellow Canker- Worm, xi, 30. Leucania unipuneta, Army Worm, x, 42. Loxotenia rosaceana, Greater Leaf Roller, xi, 15. Orgyia leucostigma, White-marked Tussock Caterpillar, xii, 101. Pieris rap«#, Imported Cabbage Worm, Xi, 35. Tyloderma fragarie, Crown Borer, xii,74. Laring with artificial lights Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, xi, 104, Tinea granella, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii, 266. : Lye for Capsus quadrivittatus, Four-striped Plant Bug, ii, 62. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butter- fly, ix. 22. Pionearimosalis, Cabbage Pionea, ix, 39. Plant Lice, viii, 180. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 133. pomonella, Codling Strawberry M Manure for Diabrotica longicornis, Corn Root Worm, xil, 31. Hessian fly, x, 219. hog, for Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 29. Matting or paper on base of trunk for Borers, vi, 39. Mercurial ointment for Melophagus ovinus, Sheep Tick, ix, 64. Psoroptes equi, Scab Mite, ix, 66. Methods of Culture, vi.8, 10, 11. as affecting species, viii, 15. as protection against Acridida, - Locusts, ix, 189. Alypia octomaculata, LEight- spotted Forester, vii, 176. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, Wil, 51. REMEDIES. Methods of Culture as protection against Chrysobothis femorata, Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi,111. Crioceris asparagi, Beetle, vi, 158. Elateridze, Wire Worms, vi, 120; vii, 32. Hessian Fly, x, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 23. : Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly ” Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 133, 154. to exterminate Diabrotica longicor- nis, x, 42. _Phylloxera vitifolize, Grape Phyl- loxera, viii. 160. for protection against Bruchus pisi, Pea Weevil, vi, 128, of putting on tin and rope bands, vi, 20. Mortar collar for Borers, vi, 39. Mounding for Aigeria exitiosa, Peach-tree Borer, vii, 170. /igeria pyri, Pear-tree Borer, viii,171. Borers, vi, 39. Mulching, vi, 12. Asparagus N Narcotic washes forgMytilaspis conchifor- mis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, ii, 40. Nitre for Elateride, Wire Worms, vii, 24. oO Oil, effect on plants, i, 51,52. for Anisopteryx vernata, Canker Worm, iii, 108; vi, 21. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 46, 50, 51,53; ii, 41. Plant Lice, viii, 182. P Packing furs and fabrics, method of, to secure against Tinea dorsistrigella, Clothes Moth, vii, 263. Parasite of Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, artificial multiplication of, x1i, 57. Hessian Fly, artificial multiplication of, M253 Phorodon humuli, Hop Aphis, artificial multiplication of, viii, 72. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf-crumpler, preservation of, iii, 121; vii, 250. Pieris rape, Kuropean Cabbage Butter- fly, preservation of, ix, 21, 24. Parasitic bacteria, artificial cultivation of, from Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, xii, 51, 54. species, rearing and transportation of, iv, 201; vi. 9. — Bn, oo INDEX OF Paris green and road dust, mixture of, for Pieris rape, Imported Cabbage Worm,xi, 34. as an insecticide, ii, 76, 78. for Agrotis annexa, Cabbage Cutworm, xii, 103. Anechylopera fragarie, Leaf Roller, vii, 259. Anisopteryx vernata, Spring Canker Worm, iii, 116; vi, 19; vii, 240. Anomis (Aletia) argillacea, Cotton- worm Moth, vii, 228. Carpocapsa pomonella, Moth, xi, 21. Diabrotica longicornis, Corn Root Worm, xii, 30. : Diabrotiea vittata. Striped Cucum- ber Beetle, ii, 77. Doryphora 10-lineata, Colorado Po- tato-beetle, ii, 69. 72, 73, 75,77; ili, 164, 166; vi, 163; ix, 4. Foliage-eating inseets, il, 76, 77. Haltica vittata, vi, 169. Heliothis phloxiphagus, Phlox Heli- othis, vii, 231. Hibernia tiliaria, Yellow Canker Worm, xi, 30. Hyphantria textor, Fall Web Worm, 1i, 20. Leucania unipuncta, Army Worm, x, 42, Loxotenia rosaceana, Greater Leaf Roller, xi 15. Lytte, Blister Beetles, ii, 77. Murgantia histrionica, Harlequin Cabbage Bug, Vi, 60. Orgyia leucostigma, White-marked Tussock Caterpillar, xii, 101. Pempelia hammondi, Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, vii. 253. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf-crump- ler, iii, 121. Pieris rape, Worm, xi, 35. Selandria cerasi, Cherry Slug or Pear Slug, xii, 100. Strawberry Codling Imported Cahbage Thyridopteryx epbemereformis, Bag Worm, xii, 101. Tyloderma fragarize, Strawberry Crown Borer, xii, 74. Pasturing for Hessian Fly, x, 219, 220, 221. Elaterid&, Wire Worms, vii, 32. Pepper for Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 22, 23, 24. Tinea biseliella, Hair Moth, vii, 265. dorsistrigella, vii, 264. pellionella, Fur Moth, vii, 265. rusticella, vii, 264. tapetzella, Carpet Moth, vii, 264. Petroleum for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 46,51. Plaster of Paris for Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. REMEDIES. 108 Plowiny deep for Hessian Fly, x, 223. grass under for Army Worm, vi, 59. Laphygma frugiperda, Fall Army Worm, vii, 98. infested fields for Anchyloperafragarie, Strawberry Leaf Roller, vii, 259. in June for Anisopteryx vernata, Can- ker Worm, vi, 21. late in fall for Elatevide, Wire Worms, vi, 120. Lachnosterna Beetle, vi, 99. soon after fruit harvest for Tyloderma fragarie, Strawberry Crown Borer, Xi, 74. ; to prevent migration of Blissus leucop- terus, Chinch Bug, vii, 50; xii, 57. up vines to destroy Emphytus macula- tus, Strawberry Worm, vii, 108. under larve and pup& of Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 50, 54. Plugging burrows with eamphor for Chry- sobothrus femorata, Flat-headed Apple- tree Borer, vi, 111.) mortar for #geria acerni, Manle Borer, vii, 174. Poisons for Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll worm, xi, 103. Penthina vitivorana, Moth, vii, 258. Potash for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oys- ter-shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 48. Potassium, sulpho-carbonate of, for Phyl- loxera vitifoliz, Grape Phylloxera, viii, 159. Poultry for Acrididz, Locusts, ix, 188. Agrotis, Cutworms, vii, 218. Anisopteryx vernata, Canker Worm, vi, 20. Army Worm, vi, 57; x, 41. Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 53, 54. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cureu- lio, vi, 141. Doryphora 10-lineata, Colorado Potato Beetle, ii, 67. Elateridz, Wire Worms, vi, 32: vii, 32. Fidia viticida, Grape-vine Fidia, vi, 160. Heliothis phloxiphagus, Phlox Helio- this, vii, 231. Lachnosterna quercina, May Beetle, vi, quereina, May Grape-berry 98, 99. Macrodactylus subspinosus, Rose Bug, vi, i(4. Pieris oleracea, Turnip Butterfly, vii, 143. Pieris protodice, Southern Cabbage Butterfly, vii, 142. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butter- fly, ix, 21. Pionea rimosalis, Cabbage Pionea, ix, 40, 104 Poultry for Plusia brassicae, Cabbage Plu- Sia, Vii, 230); ix, 43. Powders as insecticides for Plant-lice, viii, 182. Prairie chickens for Blissus Jeucopterus, Chiuch Bug, xii, 44. Pruning, vi, 12. for Hgeria tipuliformis Currant Borer, vi, 40). Pyretbrum for Aphis cucumeris, Plant Louse, xii, 89, 91. Eupithecia interrupto-fasciata, Currant Fruit Worm, xi, 24. Pieris rapxw, Imported Cabbage Worm, XI, 32° xii; 93. Melon Q Quails preying upon Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, vii, 60. Aecridide, Locusts, ix, 137. Biissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, xii, 44, Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf Crump- ler, iii, 121. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 47. Quassia water and soapsuds, mixture of, for Phytopti, Mites, xii, 142. R ‘Raccoon preying upon Lachnosterna quer- cina, May Beetle, vi, 98. Rainfall, effect on Blissus leucopterus, Chineh Bug, x, 50,51. Rape-eake for Elaterida. Wire Worms, vi, 29. Remedies for Blissus leucopterus, Chineh Bug, vii, 70. Conotrachelus crategi, Quince Cureu- lio, vi, 142. Lema trilineata, Beetle, vi, 159. Remedies, general discussion of, vi, 8. Removing nests of Apple Leaf-crumpler, for Anisopteryx vernata, Canker Worm, eggs of, iii, 106. Hyphantria textor, Fall Web Worm, ii, 20. : webs or leaves containing Datana min- istra, Yellow-necked Apple-tree Cat- erpillar, iv, 192. Orgyia leucostigma, White - marked Tussoek Moth, ii, 15. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf- erumpler. ii, 15. Resin and fish oil, mixture of, for Schizo- neura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Ap- ple-tree, viii, 132. Ridging or hilling up plants for Tyloderma fragarie, Strawberry Crown Borer, xii, 75. Rolling tor Anchylopera fragariz, Straw- berry Leaf Roller, vii, 259. Three-lined Potato INDEX TO REMEDIES. Rolling for Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Loeust, vi, 54. Elateride, Wire Worms, vi, 29. Hessian Fly, x 21,223, 22 Leucanbia ubipuneta, Army Worm, x, 42. Rope bands for trapping Anisopleryx ver- nata, Canker-worm, iii, 104; vi, 13,19; vii. 110. Rotation of crops, vi, 8. for Aphis cuenumeris, Melon Plant Louse, xii, +9. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, Jit, 151,154; vii, 68. Diabrotiea Jongicornis, x, 45; xi, 67, 72; X11, 28, 30,31. Ela‘eride, Wire Worms, vi, 29. Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, xi, 104. Hessian Fly, x, 218. Tyloderma fragarie, Strawberry Crown Borer, xii, 74. Rubbing leaves to destroy Phorodon hum- uli, Hop Aphis, viii, 72. Russia leather, shavings, for Moths, vii, 264. S Saleratus. (See Soda.) Salt for Aphis cuecumeris, Melon Plant Louse, xii, 89, 90. Asopia costalis, Clover-hay Worm, vii, 248. Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, iii, 155. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cureu- lio, vi, 141. Gelechia cerealella, Angoumois Grain Moth, xii, 154. Hessian Fiy, x, 219, 221, 223. Elateridw, Wire Worms, vi, 28, 29, 119, 120; vil, 22: Lachnosterna quercina, vi, 99. Murgantia histrionica, Harlequin Cab- bage Bug, vi, 69. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butter- filly, i1x,.22° Pionearimosalis, Cabbage Pionea, ix, 39. Tinea granella, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii, 266. Saltpeter and Salt, dilution of, for Pieris rape, Imported Cabbage Worm, xi, 32; xii, 96. for Elateride, Wire Worms, vii, 22. Sand for Selandria cerasi, Cherry Siug or Pear Slug, xii, 99, 100. Sealding corn stalks for Blissus leucopter- us, Chinch Bug, vii, 52. Seraping and brushing bark to destroy Borers, vi, 113. : general treatment of trees for Schiz- Oneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 132. rubbing for Bark Lice, vi, 9. May Beetle, INDEX TO REMEDIES. Seraping bark for Anisopteryx vernata. Spring Canker worn, iii, 1/7, 116; vi, i8, 19. Mytilaspis econehiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 47,52; ii, 41. Saperda candida, Round-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, l54. Searching roots for and destroying Prio- nus imbriecornis, Tile-horned Prionus, vi, 148. Selection of plants, vi, 10, 11. site of orchard vi, 10. Sheep and hogs in orchards, vi.9. Situation, change of, to prevent attack of Melophagus ovinus, Sheep Tick, ix, 64. (strus ovis, Sheep Bot Fly, ix,63. Skunk, preying upon Doryphora 10-lineata, Colorado Potato Beetle, ii, 66. Lachnosterna quereina, May Beetle, vi, 98. Sneezing, artificial, to remove larva of /Estrus ovis, Sheep Bot Fly, ix. 63. Snuff for Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cu- ecumber Beetle, vi, 166. Soap and flour of sulphur for Psylla pyri, Jumping Plant Louse of the Pear-tree, viii, 17. sulphur, dilution of, for Phytopti, Mites, xii, 142. as an insecticide, ii,7. eresylic, for Hypena humuli, Hop-vine Moth, vii, 246. Pieris rape, Eurcpean Cabbage But- terfly, ix, 22. Plusia brassiew, Cabbage Plusia, Vii, 230. Sehizoneura rileyi, Woolly Aphis of the Elm-tree, viii, 136. for Aphides, Root Lice, iv, 198. Aphis cucumeris, Melon Plant Louse, xii, 89, maidis, Corn Aphis, vii. 78. Borers, vi, 9, 113. Capsus quadrivittatus, Four-striped Plant Bug, ii, 62. Chrysobothris femorata, Flat- headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. Hypena humuli, Hop-vine Moth, vii, 246 Mytilaspis conchiformis, Ovyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 46, 48, 50,51, 53; 11.7, 40, 41. pinifolii, Pine-leaf Seale Inseet. ii, 91. Phycita nebulo, Apple Leaf-crump- ler, iii, 121. Plant Lice, viii, 180, 183. Plutella ecruciferarum, European Cabbage Web Moth, vii, 267. Psylla pyri, Jumping Plant Louse of the Pear-tree, viii, 17. root insects, V1,8. Saperda candida, Round-headed Apple-tree Borer, ii,7; vi, 155. Sehizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, i, 63; viii, 132, 133. 105 . Soap for Tortrix malivorana, Lesser Apple Leaf-folder, ii, 25. Xyleutes robiniz, Locust-tree Cat- erpillar, vii, 199. whale oil, for #geria acerni, Maple Borer, vii, 174. Anisopteryx vernata, Canker worm, ili, 116; vi, 19. Anomala lucicola, American Vine- chafer, ii, 56. Haltica helxines, Small Bronze Flea Beetle, iii, 137. Hypena humuli, Hop-vine Moth, vii, 246. Mytilaspis pinifolii, Pine-leaf Scale Insect, ii, 92. Psylla pyri, Jumping Plant Louse of the Pear-tree, viii, 17. Selandria rose, Rose Slug, ii, 81. sulphur and lime solution for Cono- trachelus nenuphar, Plum Cureulio, vi, 140. Soda for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 47. Sodium, sulpho-carbonate of, for Phyl- loxera vitifolie@, Grape Phylloxera, viii, 159. : Soot as an insecticide, xi,71. ashes, and plaster, mixture of, for Dia- brotica’ vittata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. Elaterids, Wire Worms, vi, 28. Hessian Fly, x, 223. Sowing clover with wheat for Blissus leu- eopterus, Chinch Bug, xi, 6. early for Blissus leucopterus, Chinech Bug, iii, 145; vii, 63. Hessian Fly, x, 217, 218. Wheat Midge, x, 215, 217. late for Hessian Fly, x, 199, 213, 214, 216, 218, 220, 223. Sprinkling wheat fields for Blissus leucop- terus, Chinch bug, iii, 154. Starvation for Army Worm, vi, 99. Chineb Bug, vi, 99. Doryphora 1)-lineata, Colorado Potato- Beetle, ii, 70.71. Hlateride, Wire Worms, vi, 30, 99, 120; Wil re le Lachnosterna quercina, May Beetle, vi, 99. Stock in orehards for Carpocapsa pomo- nelia, Codling Moth, vii, 261. Storing hay in clean mows to prevent ravages of Asopia costalis, Clover-hay Worm, vii, 248. Sulpho-carbonate of barium for Phylloxera vitifoliwe, Grape Phylloxera, viii, 159. potassium for Phylloxéra vitifolie, Grape Phylloxera, viii, 159. sodium for Phylloxera vitifoliz, Grape Phylloxera, viii, 159. Sulpho-carbonates for Phylloxera vitifolia, Grape Phyloxera, viii, 159. 106 Sulphur for Aphis maidis, Corn Aphis, vii, dds Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. Moths, vii, 264. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Bark-louse, i, 35. Phytopti, Mites, xii, 142, 143. Pieris rapx, European Cabbage Worm, sally Yby Plant Lice, viii, 182. Tinea granella, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii. 266. Summary of measures against Caloptenus spretus, Rocky Mountain Locust, vi, 55, 56. | Summer fallow for Elateride, Wire Worms, Vii, 32. Sun-burning for Doryphora 10-lineata, Colo- | rado Potato-Beetle, ii, 69. Superphosphate (slush acid), earbolic pow- der, and unslaked lime for Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 24. Superphosphates for Hessian Fly, x, 219. Swallows as ‘‘fly eatchers,” xi, 15. T Tanners’ oil, effect on plants, i, 51. Tansy around trees for Borers, vi, 39. Tar for Anisopteryx vernata, Canker Worm, | vi, 21. Elateride, Wire Worms, vii, 24. Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster- shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 50. Pieris rapzx, European Cabbage Worm, xii, 97. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis. of the Apple-tree, viii, 132. spirits of, for Elateride, Wire Worms, Vi, 29. use of, for Oestrus ovis, Sheep Bot-fly, ix, 63. Tarred boards as barrier to Blissus leucop- terus, Chinch Bug, xii, 57. Leucania unipunecta, Army Worm, x, 42. paper bands for Hibernia tiliaria, Yel- low Canker Worm, xi, 29. saw-dust for Blissus Chinch Bug, iii, 155. seed corn for Elateridze, Wire Worms, Vil, 23; Tobacco and soap solution for Lecanium acericola, Maple-tree Bark-louse, vii, 130. | as an insecticide, ii, 7. erop for Elateridw, Wire Worms,vi, 30. Tobacco for Anchylopera fragarie, Straw- berry Leaf Roller, vii, 259. Anomala lucicola, American Vine- chafer, ii, 56. Aphides, Plant Lice, iv,198; viii, 180,182. Aphis cucumeris, Melon Plant Louse, Oyster-shell leucopterus, xii, 89, 90, 91. | dauci, Carrot Plant Louse, viii, 181. maidis, Corn Aphis, vii, 77. INDEX TO REMEDIES. Tobacco for Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cu- cumber Beetle, vi, 166. Melophagus ovinus, Sheep Tick, ix, 64, Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, i, 35, 46, 47. Phorodon humuli, Hop Aphis, viii, 72. Pieris rave, European Cabbage Worm, xii, 95. Psoroptes equi, Scab Mite, ix, 66. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, i, 63. Tinea biseliella, Hair Moth, vii. 265. dorsistrigella, Clothes Moth, vii, 263. pellionella, Fur Moth, vii, 265. rusticella, vii, 264. tapetzella, Carpet Moth, vii, 264. soap, and sulphur, solution of, for Plant Lice, viii, 180. | Topical applications, ix,4; x,3; xii, 57. for Blissus leucopterus, Chinch Bug, aS ain Diabrotica longicornis, Corn Root Worm, xii, 29. Leucania unipuneta, Army Worm, x, 42. Phylloxera vitifoli#, Grape Phyl- loxera, Vili, 160. Pieris rape, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 22, 23. Plant Lice, viii, 183. Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 132. Topping Corn for Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, vii, 105; xi, 101. cotton for Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, xi, 103. Torches among vines for Diabrotiea vit- tata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. Training trees low for Saperda and Bupres- tis, vi, 155. Transportation of Chalcis mytilaspidis, parasite of Oyster-sheJl Bark-louse, iv, 200. Traps, board, on ground, vi, 9. for Agrotis, Cutworms, vil, 219. Anisopteryx autumnata, Fall Can- ker Worm, vii, 239. Anisopteryx vernata, Spring Canker Worm, iii, 110, 111. Carpocapsa pomonella, Moth, iv, 177,180; vii, 261. Galleria cereana, Bee Moth, vii, 254. Heliothis armigera, Corn Worm or Boll Worm, xi, 104. Pieris rane, Rape or European Cab- bage Butterfly, vii, 145; ix, 21, 22,24. oleracea,. Turnip Butterfly, vii, 144. Trepanning skull to remove larva of Gistrus ovis, Sheep Bot Fly, ix, 63. Trimming affected branches, vi,9. Turpentine for Pieris rape, European Cab- bage Butterfly, ix, 24. Codling ee a ee — oT PO — INDEX TO REMEDIES. Turpentine for Schizoneura lanigera, Woolly Aphis of the Apple-tree, viii, 132. Tinea biseliella, Hair Moth, vii, 265. dorsistrigella, Clothes Moth, vii, 264. pellionella, Fur Moth, vii, 265. rusticella, Vii, 264. tapetzella, vii, 264. Ww Walnut leaves, infusion of, for Diabrotica vittata, Striped Cucumber Beetle, vi, 166. Warblers preying upon Mytilaspis conchi- formis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, ii, 35. Washes for Mytilaspis conchiformis, Oys- ter-shel) Bark-louse, ii, 42. Water, cold, for Plusia simplex, Celery Worm, xi, 43. -hot. (See hot water). White mustard crop for Elateridz, Wire Worms, vi. 30, 120. Whitewashing for Mgeria acerni, Maple Borer, vi, 40; vii, 174. Chrysobothris femorata, Flat-head- ed Apple-tree Borer, vi,111. 107 Whitewashing for Tinea graneita, Wolf or Grain Moth, vii, 266. Wire in burrows for Chrysobothris femora- ta, Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 111. Woodpeckers preying upon Saperda can- dida, Round-headed Apple-tree Borer, vi, 156. Carpoeapsa Moth, iv, 181. Hylobius pales, Pales Weevil, vi, 133, Wrens preying upon Mytilaspis conchifor- mis, Oyster-shell Bark-louse, ii, 35. Windfalls destroyed to kill Anthonomus prunicida, Plum Gouger, i,77. Carpocapsa pomonella, Moth, i, 29; iv,174. Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum Cur- eulio, 1,69; vi, 141. Winds as affecting migration of Blissus leucopterus, Chinch bug, vii, 53. pomonella, Codling Codling ¥ Yeast remedy for Pieris rapze, European Cabbage Butterfly, ix, 23. 108 INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT, A Abbott. (See Smith and Abbott.) Acer dasycarpum, 104,109,111. on some insect enemies of, 103-111. aceris, Aleurodes, description, 110. aceroides, Negundo, 72. Acridide in corn, 22, 23. Acridium americanum in corn, 23. aeris, Ranunculus, food plant of Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Adialytus maidaphidis, 30,31, 32. deseription, 30, 31. parasite of Corn Plant Louse, habits, 31. Agricultural entomology, contributions to, 9-74. Agrotis e-nigrum, 93. albopicta, Empoa, 117. Aletia, 57. Aleurodes aceris, deseription, 110. aleurodis, Elaptus, 110. allyni, Eupelmus, 36,37, 44,50. Ambrosia trifida, 74. American Elm, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Entomological Society, Transactions, cited. (See under Transactions.) Entomologist, cited, 21,56, 57. Naturalist. cited, 105. americana, Meromyza, 54. Ulmus, 104,112. americanum, Acridium, 23. ampelophila, Drosophila, 83. angulata, Pyrrhia, 89,90. Ants, 70. attending Corn Plant Louse, 23, 24, 29. preying upon Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 64. Apatela oblinita. 117. Aphides, method of reproduction, 26, 29. Aphis, 98. maidis, 23-33. mali, 98. malifolie, 98. Apple and pear, notes on insects injurious to the, 95-102. Apple, injuries to, by Apple Leaf Roller, 97. Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, 97. Biston ypsilon, %5, Apple injuries to, by Crepidodera helxines, 98. ~> Cucumber flea beetle, 98. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 97. Leaf Hopper, Green, 117. Leaf-Roller, 97. Lesser, 7,97. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Leaf Skeletonizer, 7,97. Maggot, 84. Plant Louse, 98. armicollis, Magdalis, 112. Army Worm, 5,58. Fall, 3,6, 55-67. Grass, 57. Arsenieal poisons for Apple Leaf Skele- tonizer, 98. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 98. Strawberry Slug, 78. arvensis, Dolerus, 100-102, Ash, Green, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Ashmead, Wm. H.. on Trioza diospyri, 99. aterrima, Paria, 81. atlanis, Pezotettix, 23. aureopectus, Nematus, 116. autumnalis, Prodenia, 57,58. B Balm of Gilead, injuries to, by Crepidodera helxines, 117. Balsam fir, food plant of Lophoderus velu- tinanus, 88. Bark Louse, Clover, 72. deseription, 73. Soft Maple, 3,7,103,115. (See Maple Bark Louse, Soft.) Elm, 115. Sorghum, 71. bassiana, Botrytis, 7. Bass-wood, food plant of Soft Maple Bark louse, 104. Bean, injuries to, by Red-banded Leaf — Roller, 21. INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Beauvois, Palisot de,on Dolerus bicolor, 101. bicolor, Dolerus, 100-102. Biders frondosa, injuries to, by Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Bird Grasshopper, 23. Biston ypsilon, 95-97. description, 95-97. bivittatus, Nematus, 116. Blackberry and Raspberry, on new insect | enemies of, 87-92. injuries to, by Lophoderus velutinanus, 88. Oxyptilus delavaricus, 90,91. Pyrrhia umbra, 89,90. Leaf Miner, 87. description of genus, 87. of species, 87. Black Locust, food plant of Nematus robinia, 116. of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Blue Grass, injuries to, by Clover Mites, 73, 74, Boardman, Dr. E. R., on Corn Plant Louse, 24, on Speckled Cutworm, 93. Borer, Elm, 112-114. Boston Society of Natural History, Pro- ceedings. (See under Proceedings.) Box Elder, injuries to, by Cymatophora erepuseularia, 72. by Soft Maple Bark Louse, 163. Botrytis bassiana, 7. Boyer, D. R.,on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm. 60. Brassy Flea Beetle, 22. Brief miscellaneous notes. 116-118. notes on Sorghum insects, 70,71. Briosi on Phytoptus vitis, European, 86. Broom Corn, injuries to, by Corn Plant Louse, 24. Buckley, F. E., on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 55, 62. Bryobia pallida, description, 74. pratensis, deseriptien, 73, 74. Buckwheat, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Bulb Worm, Wheat, 6,54. Bulletin of the Brookiyn Entomological Society, cited, 35. Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, cited, 23. U.S. Entomologicai Commission, cited, bye Brooklyn Entomological Society Bulletin, cited. (See under Bulletin.) : Burdock, food Roller, 20, Burning corn stubble to destroy Corn Plant Louse, 33. rubbish to destroy Apple Leaf Skele- tonizer, 98. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 98. stubble for Hessian Fly, 39, 43. plant of Sulphur Leaf 103 Burrills tse 6: Butler, C. W., 41. Cc Cabbage as lure for Tarnished Plant-Bug, 80. injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Ar- my Worm, 63. Importea Cabbage:Worm, 6. Speckled Cutworm, 93. Worm, Imported, 6, 93. Cace@cia rosaceana, 74, 97, 109. triferana, 20. Calendar, Entomological, 3. Caloptenus differentialis, 23. Caltha palustris, 80. canadense, Erigeron, 20, 74. canadensis, Elymus, 37. Canadian Entomologist, 36, 37. Capside, 111. Capsuns invitus, 111. Capturing by hand, Root Web Worm, 17. with insect net, Strawberry Slug, 78. Carbolie aeid for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. earinatus, Tetrastichus, 48, 49. Caterpillar, Grass, 56,58. Caustic soda for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Cecidomyia destructor, 38-50. parasites, 3,38, 39, 44-50. tritici, 50-54. (See Wheat Midge.) cerasi, Selandria, 7, 117. Cheetocnema pulicaria, 22. Chaitophorus flavus, 70. Chariclea, 89. exprimens, 88. Cherry, injuries to, by Cherry Slug, 7, 117. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104, Slug, 7,117. Wild, injuries to, by Willow Slug, 117. Chinch Bug, contribution to life history, 4. Chrysomitris tristis, 105. Chrysopa gp.,33. Cicadula nigrifrons, 22 description, 67. food plants, 68. quadrilineatus, 22. description, 68. food plants, 69. Clemens, Dr. B., on Dichelia sulphureana, ide on Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 20, 21. Climatic influences, effect of,on Corn Root Worm,5. on Lasius flavus, 29. on Strawberry Slug, 77. on Wheat Midge, 51, 54, Clover Bark Louse, 72. deseription, 73. food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. injuries to, by Clover mites, 73. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. insects, article on some, 72-74. 110 INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Clover leaf roller, 74. mites, 73, 74. Red, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 19, 20. White, injuries to, by Clover Bark Louse, 72. Hematopis grataria, 74. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 19. e-nigrum, Agrotis, 93. Coceide, 71. Coccinella 9-notata, 24,33. Coccophagus leeanii, parasite of Soft Ma- ple Bark Louse, 105. Coceus, 71. trifolii, deseription, 72. sorghiellus, deseription, 71. Common Jumping Pear Louse, 98. Lady Bug, 21. Comstock, J. H., on Dichelia sulphureana, 17, 19, 20. on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 57. on Vine-loving Fruit Fly, 83, 84. Report upon Cotton Insects cited, 57. Contagious disease of Silk Worm, 7. Forest Tent Caterpillar, 7. Imported Cabbage Worm, 7. contracta, Datana, 95. Contribution to the Life History of the Corn Plant Louse, 23-33. to a knowledge of the life history and parasites of the Hessian Fly, 38-50. Contributions to agricultural entomology, 9-74, to horticultural entomology, 75-118. convergens, Hippodamia, 24. Cook, A. J., on parasites of the Hessian!Fly, 44, Coquillet, D. W., on Dichelia sulphureana, 18, 19, 20. on Pyrrhia angulata, 89. Corn, injuries to, by Acridium america- num, 23, Brassy Flea Beetle, 22. Caloptenus differentialis, 23. Chinch Bug, 5. Cicadula nigrifrons, 68. quadrilineatus, 69. Common Lady Bug, 22. Corn Plant Louse, 23. Corn Root Worm, 5,6. Grasshoppers, 22. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 55,56, 57, 61, 62 Leaf Hoppers, 22. Orchelimum vulgare, 23. Red Legged Grasshoppers, 2s. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 20, 21. Root Web Worm, 6, 12, 13. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 17, 19. insects, article on, 11-33. Corn Plant Louse. 23-33. aerial form, 23, 24. ants attending, 29. artificial remedies, 33. Corn Plant Louse, contribution to the life history of the, 23-33. ‘ description, 25, 26. distribution, 30. enemies, 24, 30-33. food plants, 24. injuries to broom corn, 24. corn, extent of, 24,25. sorghum, 24. life history and habits, 26-30. nomenclature, 25. parasites and predaceous inseets, 24.30, 33. preyed upon by Lady Bugs, 24,33. relation of root and aérial forms, 29. Corn Root Worm, 5. Cotton, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20, Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 55, 62. Worm, 57. Cowslip, 80. Crambus zeellus, 12-17. Worm.) Cranberry, injuries to, by Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 20,21. Crepidodera cucumeris, 98, 117, helxines, 98, 117. erepuseularia, Cymatophora, 72. Croesia fulvoroseana, 17. gallivorana, 17. sulfureana, 17. virginiana, 17. Crown Borer, Strawberry, 8. Cryptides, 94. (See Root Web - Cucumber Flea Beetle, 98,117. Cucumber, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Wild, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. eucumeris, Crepidodera, 98. Currant, injuries to, by Eecopsis exoletum, 117. Green Apple Leaf Hopper, 117. Typhloeyba tricineta, 115. Cutworm, Speckled, as a cabbage worm, 93. deseription, 93, 94. life history, 94. parasites, hymenopterous, 94. Wheat, 56, 58. Cutworms, 16. Cyclonida sanguinea, 33. Cymatophora crepuscularia, description, 72. D daggyi, Prodenia, 56,58. dasyearpum, Acer, 104, 109, 111. on some insect enemies of, 103. Datana contracta, 95. Dayenport Academy of Sciences, Proceed- ings, cited. (See under Proceedings.) Deep plowing as measure fagainst Wheat Midge, 54. pd mat INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. delavaricus, Oxyptilus, 90,91. Desmodium as food plant of Pyrrhia ex- primens, 89,90. Destroying sereenings as measure against Wheat Midge, 54. trees aS measure against Elm Borer, 114. destructor, Cecidomyia, 38-50. Semiotellus, 44-46, 49. Diabrotiea longicornis, 5. Dichelia sulphureana, 17-20, 21, 74. differentialis, Caloptenus, 23. diospyri, Trioza, 99. Diseases due to Phytopti, treatment for, 86. of Forest Tent Caterpillar, 7. of Grape, 8. of Imported Cabbage Worm, 6,7. of Silk Worm,’7. diversilineata, Petrophora, 83. Dolerus arvensis, 100-102. description, 101. fungous parasites of, 10]. bieolor, 100-102. deseription, 101. fungous parasites of, 101. Drosophila ampelophila, 83. E Earle, F. 8., experiments upon Tarnished Plant Bug with pyrethrum, 80. Early plowing aS measure against Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 66. Eecopsis exoletum, 117,118. deseription, 117.118. Edwards and Elliott on Pyrrhia ex»rimens, 89. Egg plant, injuries to, cucumeris, 117. ‘ Elaptus, 110. aleurodis, 110. Elliot, 89. (See Edwards and Elliot.) Elm Bark Louse, 115. ’ Borer, 112-114. deseription, 113. parasites, 115. injuries to, by Elm Plant Louse, 114. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. insects injurious to, 112-115. Plant Louse, 114. White, injuries to, by Elm Bark Louse, 1135}. Elm Borer, 112,113,114. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. elymi, Isosoma, 37. Elymus canadensis, injuries to, by Isosoma elymi, 37. Emphytus maculatus, 77. Empoa albopicta, 117. by Crepidodera Emulsion, kerosene, for Apple Leaf Skele- \ tonizer, 97. Cherry Slug, 117. Corn Plant Louse, 33. Lesser Apvle Leaf Roller, 97. lil Emulsion, kerosene, for Red Spider, 117. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, Proceedings, cited. (See under Proceed- ings.) Entomologist and Botanist, cited, 57,61. Erigeron canadense, food plant of Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Tortrix pallorana, 74. error, Platygaster, 44. Eupelmus allyni, 37, 44. calendar, 50. deseription, 37. parasite of Isosoma hordei, 36. of Isosoma tritici, Lesser Wheat Straw Worm, 36. European Grape Leaf Mite, 86. Euschistus, 78. Evening Primrose, food plant of Scelodon- ta pubescens, 81,82. exoletum, Eceopsis, 117,118. Exorista infesta, description, 65, parasite of Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 65. exprimens, Chariclea, 88. Heliothis, 88. Pyrrhia, 89. F Fall Army Worm or Grass Worm, 3, 6, 55-67, (See Grass Worm.) femur-rubrum, Pezotettix, 23. Fernald, C. H., Deseription of Crambus zeellus, 15. determination of Eecopsis exoletum, 118. List of North American Tortricide, cited, 18,21. on Dichelia sulphureana, 18. on Root Web Worm, 14. fistulosa, Monarda, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Fiteh, Dr. Asa, 38. on Aphis malifoliz, 98. on Corn Plant Louse, 25. on Platygaster error and other parasites of Hessian Fly, 44. on Platygaster lecanii, 105. On Proctotrupide, 105. on Semiotellus destructor, 44. on Typhlocyba tricineta, 115. flavus, Chaitophorus, 70. Lasius, 24, 29, 70, 72. Flea Beetle, Brassy, 22. Cucumber, 98, 117. Forbes, 8. A., 65. on lady bugs, as enemies of Corn Plant Louse, 24. on nomenclature of Corn Plant Louse, Dos Forest Tent Caterpillar, contagious disease, ~ Mis French, G. H., on Empelmus allyni, des- eription, parasitism, 36, 37. 12: INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. French, G. H.,on Pyrrhia umbra, 89, 90. on Strawberry Slug, 77. Maple Bark Louss, 104. Fruit Fly, Vine- Loving, 7, 83. Fruits, preserved, injuries to, by Vine- loving Fruit Fly, 84. frugiperda, Laphygma, 3, 6, 55-67. Phaleena, 56.57.58. fulvipes, Pteromal|us, 47, 49. fulvoroseana, Croesia, 17. Fungi, parasitie, 101. on Dolerus arvensis, 101. bicolor, 101. Fungus diseases of grape leaf, sulphur for: 86. Furrow plowed to check migration of Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 67. G gallivorana, Croesia 17. Galusha, O. B., on Strawberry Slug, 77. Garman, H., 34,36. 41, 68, 69, 86, 87. contribution to the life history of the Corn Plant Louse, 23-33. deseripticn of Bryobia pallida, 74, of Bryobia pratensis, 73. en Soft Maple Bark Louse, 105. Gastman, E. A., 12. Geological and Geographical Survey of Colorado and Adjacent Territory, Reports of U.S., cited. (See under Reports.) Gilead, Balm of, injuries to, by Crepidodera | helxines, 117. glacialis, Hippodamia, 24, 33. Glover, Townend, on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 56,57, 60, 61, 64, 66. Gooseberry, injuries to, by Ececopsis exole- | tum, 118. Green App!e Leaf Hopner, 117. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Gnaphalium polycephalum, injuries to, by Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21, Goding, F. W., on Red-Legged Grass- hoppers and Katydids, 23. Gruin, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 61. Leaf-Hoppers, 67-69. grande, Isosoma, 6,34-36, grandis, Isosoma, 35. Grape, diseases of, 85. injuries 10, by Grape Phylloxera, 7. Grape Pomaes Fly, 7. Grape Phytoptus, 7. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. | Petrophora diversilineata, 83. Phytoptus vitis, 84. | Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. | Typhloeyba tricineta, 115. | Vine Loving fruit Fly, 84. | frondosa, Bidens, injuries to, by Soft | insects, article on a few, 83-86. Leaf Mite, 7. 84-86. Grape Phylloxera, 7. Phytoptus, 7, 84-86. Pomace Fly, 7,83. Gra-s Army Worm, 57. Caterpillar, 56,58. Blue, injuries to, by clover mites, 73, 74. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm,57, 61, 62, 63. Sulphur Leaf Roller,-20. Worm or Fall Army Worm, 3, 6, 55-67. character and extent of injuries to vegetation, 61. description, 58. distribution, 59. lite history, 60. literature, 56-58, natural enemies, 64. nomenelature, 58, parasite, 65. prevention and remedy, 66. Grasses, food plants of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Grasshopper, Bird, 23. Grasshoppers in corn, 22, 23. Red-legged, 23. grataria, Hematopis, 74. Greater Wheat Straw Worm, 6. Green Apple Leaf Hopper, 117. Ash, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Grote, A. R., on Pyrrhia umbra, 89. Grote and Robinson,Descriptions of Ameri- can Lepidoptera, cited, 88. on Datana contracta, 95. Guenéa, Noctuelites, cited, 56. on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm,56, 59. ' Hematopis grataria, 74. hammondi, Pempelia, 7, 97. Harris, D. 8., on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 60, 63. Harriss Drs aWerssealldle on Elm Borer, 113. Hart, C. A..56. hastata, Verbena, food plant of Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Heliothis experimens, 88. Hellebore for Cherry Slug, 117. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Strawberry Slug, 78. helxines, Crepidodera, 98, 117. Herbaceous plants as food for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Herrick, E. C., on parasites of Hessian Fly, 38, 44. on Semiotellus destructor, 46. Hessian Fly, calendar, 42. contributions toa knowledge of the life history and parasites of the, 38-50. midsummer measures against, 43. parasites, 3,38, 39, 44-50. INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Hippodamia convergens, 24. glacialis, 24, 33. maculata. 21, 24, 33. Homoptera, 67. Honey Locust, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. hordei, lsosoma, 36. Horticultural entomology, contributions to, 77-118. Howard, L. O.,on Grass Worm or Fall Ar- my Worm, 66. Hymenoptera, parasitic, 94,105,110. Hypena seabra, 74. Hyperaspis signata, 33. preying upon Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104, 105. I Ichneumonide parasitic on Corn Plant Louse, 24. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Illinois State Agricultural Society, Trans- actions, cited. (See under Transactions.) State Entom“logist, Reports, cited. (See under Reports.) State Horticultural Society, Transac- tions, cited. (See under Reports.) State Laboratory of Natural History, Bulletin, cited. (See under Bulietin.) Imported Cabbage Worm, 67,93. diseases, 6,7. incertana, Tortrix, 20. infesta, Exorista, 65. inimicus,.Jassus, 22, 67. innumerabilis, Pulvinaria, 3, 7, 33, 103, 109, 115. Insect enemies of the Blackberry and Rasp- berry, article on new, 87-92. of the Soft Maple, on some, 193-111. Insecticides, arsenical poisons as, 78, 98. earbolie acid, 108. caustic soda, 108. emulsion, Kerosene, 3%, 97, 100, 105, 108, 117. for Corn Plant Louse. 33. for jumping plant-lice, 100. hellebore, 78, 108, 117. kerosene, 17,78. emulsion, 33, 97, 100, 105, 108, 117. laundry soap, 108. lime, 97. London purple, 98, 101. Paris green, 17, 67,98. poisons, arsenical, 78. 98. pyrethrum, 78, 80, 97, 102, 108, 115, 117. soap, laundry, 108. whale oil, 107, 108. soda, caustie, 108. sulphur, 86. tobacco water, 108. whale oil soap, 107, 108. Insects, corn, new and little known, 11-33. injurious to the apple and pear, notes on, 95-102. Elm, 112-115, Hg 118 invitus, Capsus, 111. Lygus, 110. irroratus, Jassus, 66, Isosoma elymi, 37. grande, 6,34-36. Worm, Larger.) grandis, 35. hordei parasitized by Eupelmus allyni, 36. tritici, 6,35, 36,37. Worm, Lesser.) parasitized by Eupelmus allyni, 36,37. (See Wheat Straw (See Wheat Straw J Jackson, Wm.., 81. Jassus inimicus, 22, 67. irroratus. 67. Jasside, 22. Jumping Pear Louse, Common, 98. Yellow, 98-100. deseription, 99. life history, 100. remedies, 100. K Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Re- ports, cited. (See under Reports.) Katydids, 23. Keen, Eugene, 65. Kellicott, Dr., on Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Kerosene emulsion for Apple Leaf Skele- tonizer, 97. Cherry Slug, 117. Corn Plant Louse, 33. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 97. Red Spider, 117. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 105, 108. Yellow Jumping Pear Louse, 100. Root Web Worm, 17. Strawberry Slug, 78. King, N.S., 54. L Lace- Winged Fly, larva, preying upon Corn Flant Louse, 33. Lady Bug, Common, 21. Plain, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 24. Smaller Two-Spotted, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 33. Maple Bark Louse, 33. Spotted, preying upon Corn Louse, 33. lamprosana, Pandemis, 109. Landois, on Phytoptus vitis, 84, 86. ‘Lane, R. W., on Wheat Midge, 50. Laphygma frugiperda, 3, 6, 55-67, Lappa major, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. lapponica, Plagiodera, 117. Plant 114 Larch, injuries to, by Red Spider, 117. Larger Wheat Straw Worm, 34-36. Wheat Straw Worm, Larger.) Lasius flavus, 24, 29, 70, 72. Late sowing to prevent injury from Larger Wheat Straw Worm, 36. Laundry soap for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Leaf Hopper, Three-Banded, 115. Green apple, 117. Hoppers, 22. Grain, 67-69. Miner, Blackberry, 87. deseription of genus, 87. of species, 87. Mite, Grape, 7, 84-86. Roller, Apple, 97. Lesser Apple, 7,97. Oblique-Banded, 109. Red-Banded, 20. Sulphur, 17-20. Roller.) rollers, clover, 74. Skeletonizer, Apple, 7,97. lecanii, Coecophagus, parasite of Soft Ma- ple Bark Louse, 105. Platygaster, 105. Lecanium, 115. quercitronis, 105. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 7,97. Strawberry Plant Louse, 79. leucostigma, Orgyvia, 117. Lime for Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, 97. lineolaris, Lygus, 79. Lintner, J. A., on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 58. on Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. on Vine-Loving Fruit Fly, 83, 84. Lockwood, Rey. Samuel, on Vine-Loving Fruit Fly, 84. Locust, Black, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. injuries to, by Nematus robinie, 116. injuries to, by Cymatophora crepuscula- ria, 72. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Locusts, Egyptian, 23. Grass, 23. Loew on Vine-Loving Fruit Fly, 83. Lombardy Poplar, injuries to, by Crepido- dera he)xines, 117. London purple for Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, 98. Dolerus arvensis, 10]. bicolor, 101. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 98. longicornis, Diabrotiea, 5. Lophoderus triferanus, 20. velutinanus, 81, 88. Luring Tarnished Plant Bug by rows of Turnips, Cabbage, Mullein, ete, 80. Lygus invitus, 110. deseription, 111. lineolaris, 79. (See (See Sulphur Leaf INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. M McIntire, H. C., on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 55. Macropsis ncbilis, 22. maculata, Hippodamia, 21, 24, 33. Megilla, 21, 24,33. maculatus, Emphytus, 77. Madison, E. C,, on Hessian Fly, 41. Magdatis armicollis, 112, 113. Maggot, Apple, 84. maidaphidis, Adialytus, 30, 31, 32. maidis, Aphis, 23-33, major, Lappa, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. mali, Aphis, 98. malifolie, Aphis, 98. malivorana, Teras, 7, 97. Maple Bark Louse, Soft, 3,7, 33, 103-109, 115. experiments, 105-109. earbolie acid, 108. caustic soda, 108, hellebore, 108. kerosene emulsion, 105, 108. laundry soap, 108. pyrethrum, 108. soda, caustic, 108. tobacco water, 108. washing off females and egg masses with water, 108. whale oil soap, 107, 108. insect snemies, 104. injuries to, by Aleurodes aceris, 110. Lophoderus velutinanus, 83. Lygus invitus, 111. Pandemis lamprosana, 109. Oblique-Banded Leaf Roller, 109. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 3, 7, 103. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Soft, on some insect enemies of the, 103, Marten, John, on Hessian Fly, 40, 42. Massachusetts State Board of Agricultural Reports, cited. (See under Reports.) Megilla maculata, 21, 24,33. Melon, Musk, injuries to, by Cicadulanigri- frons, 68. Meromyza americana, 54. Midge, Wheat, 6,50-54. (See under Wheat Midge.) . Mills, RK. H., on Root Web Worm, 13.14, minor, Siphonophora, 79. Missouri State Entomologist, Report, cited. (See under Reports.) Miscellaneous notes, brief, 116-118. Mites, European Grape Leaf, 86. Grape Leaf, 84-86. Mites. clover, 73. preying upon pupe of Root Web Worm, Moore, Thomas 8., on Hessian Fly, 41. Monarda fistulosa, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Mullein, food plant of Tarnished Plant Bug, 79, 80. INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Murtfeldt, M. E., on Red-Banded Leaf Rol- ler, 21. Musceardine, 7. x Musk Melon, injuries to, by Cicadula nigri- frons, 68. Mustard as food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. N nebulosus, Secelodonta, 81. Negundo aceroides, food plant of Cyma- tophora crepuseularia, 72. Nematus aureopectus, 116. bivittatus, 116. robinie, deseription, 116. ventralis, 117. New York Agricultural Society, cited. (See uncer Reports.) State Entomologist, Report cited. under Reports.) nigrifrons, Cicadula, 22, 67. nobilis, Mucropsis, 22. Note on life history of the Strawberry Slug, is Report (See on Wheat Midge, 50-54. (See Wheat Midge.) supplementary, on Strawberry Root Worms, 81. Notes, brief miscellaneous, 116, 118. brief, of sorghum insects, 70, 71. on inseets injurious to the apple and pear, 95-102. wheat, 34-69. novemnotata, Coccinella, 24,33. oO Oak, injuries to, by Lophoderus velutina- nus, 88. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Cieadula nigrifrons, 68. Oats, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62, 63. oblinita, Apatela, 117. Oblique-Banded Leaf- Roller, 109. (nothera, food plant of Scelodonta nebu- losus and 8. pubescens, 81, 82. Onion, injuries to, by Spilosoma virginica, 116. Ontario Entomological Society, cited. (See under Reports.) Orang®9, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20: Osage, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, i04. Orchelimum vulgare, 23. Orgyia leucostigma, 117. Osage Orange, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Oxyptilus delavaricus, 90, 91. description, 91. Report 115 P Packard, Dr. A. 8., Guide to the Study of Insects, 39. Monograph of the Phalenide of North America, cited, 83. on Dichelia sulphureana, 18, 19, 20. on Hessian Fly, 39. on Petrophora diversilineata, 83. on Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. on Semiotellus destructor, 44. pallipes, Pteromalus, 46, 49, 50. pallorana, Tortrix, 74. palustris, Caltha, 80. Pandemis lumprosana, 109. panicola, Schizoneura, 28, 29. Panicum, as food plant for Corn Plant Louse, 24. Papilio, cited, 18, 89. Parasites and predaceous insects affecting Corn Plant Louse, 30-33. of Aleurodes aceris, 110, of Corn Plant Louse, 24, 30-33. of Dolerus arvensis, 101, bicolor, 101. of Elm Borer, 113. of Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 65, 66. of Hessian Fly, 3,38, 39, 44-50. of lsosoma hordei, 36. tritici, Lesser Wheat Straw Worm, 36, 37. of Speckled Cutworm, 94. of Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. of Wheat Bulb Worm, 54. Parasitic Hymenoptera, 3, 20, 24, 30-33, 36, 38, 39, 44-50, 94, 110. Paria aterrima, 81. Paris green for Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, 98. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 67. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 98. Root Web Worm, 17. Wire Worms, 17. Patent Office Report, cited, 56. Pawpaw, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. Peach, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Pea, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 57,63, Pear, 100,101. injuries to, by Common Jumping Pear Louse, 98. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. Trioza diospyri, 100. Yellow Jumping Pear Louse, 99. Louse, Common Jumping, 98. Louse, Yellow Jumping, 98-100. notes on insects injurious to the apple and, 95-102. Pempelia hammondi, 7,97. pennsylvanicum, Polygonum, food plant of Pyrrhia angulata, 90. 116 Pentatomida, 78. Persimmon, injuries to, by Trioza diospyri, 99, Petrophora diversilineata 83. Pezotettix atlanis injuring corn, femur-rubrum injuring corn, Phalena frugiperda, 56, 57,58. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Proceedings, cited. (See under Proceed- ings ) Phylloxera, Grape, 7. Phytoptus, 85. European, 8&6. Grape, 7, 84-86, vitis, 84-86. Pickled-fruit Fly, 84. Pieris rap®&, 0, vJ. Pine. injuries to, by Sulpnur Leaf Roller, 20. Plagiodera lapponicea, 117. Plain Lady Bug, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 33. Plantain, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Plant Bug, Tarnished, 8,79, 111. lice, ants attending, 23, 24. preyed upen by Common Lady Bug, 22. Louse, Apple, 98. Corn, 23-33. Elm, 114. Lesser Strawberry, 79. Yellow Sorghum, 70. Plants, herbaceous, as food for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Platygaster error, 44. lecanii, 105. Plum, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Plume Moth, Raspberry, 91. Poisons. (See under insecticides.) arsenical, for Apple Leaf Skeletonizer, 98. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 98. Strawberry Slug, 78. polycephalum, Gnaphalium, injuries to, by Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Polygonum, food plant of Pyrrhia umbra, 90. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. pennsylvanicum, food plant of Pyrrhia angulata, 90. Pomace Fly, Grape, 7,83. Popenoe, E. A., on Corn Plant Louse, 24. Poplar, Lombardy, injuries to, by Crepido- dera helxines, 117. | Potato, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. pratensis, Bryobia, 73, 74. Preserved Fruit, injuries to. by Vine-loving Fruit Fly, 84. Primrose, Evening, food plant of Scelo- donta pubescens, 81, 82. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, cited, 111. | INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Proceedings of the Dayenport Academy of Sciences, cited, 105. Entomological Society of Philadelphia, cited, 20, 23, 95. Philadelphia Adademy of Sciences, cited, 17. Proctotrupide, 105. Prodenia autumnalis, 57,58. var. fulvosa, 57. var. obseura, 57. daggyi, 56,58. pseudacacia, Robinia, 116. Psylla pyri, 98, 100. Pteromalus fulvipes, calendar, 49. deseription, 47. parasite of Hessian Fly, 48. pallipes, calendar, 49. deseription, 46. parasite of Hessian Fly, 47,50. Pterostichus sayi, 16. pubescens, Scelodonta, 81. pulicaria, Chetocnema, 22. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 3, 7,33, 103-109, 115, (See Maple Bark Louse, Soft.) Putnam, J. Duncan, article on Pulvinaria innumerabilis, cited, 105. on Cocophagus lecanii, 105. on Platygaster lecanii. 105. Pyrethrum for Cherry Slug, 117. Dolerus arvensis, 102. bicolor, 10%. Elm Plant Louse, 115. Lesser Apple Leaf Roller, 97. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Strawberry Slug, 78. Tarnished Plant Bug, 80. Natural -pyri, Psylla, 98, 100. pyrifoliz, Trioza, 98-100. Pyrrhia, 89. angulata, 89,90. exprimens, 89. umbra, 88-99. description, 89. distribution and life history, 90. injuries to vegetation, 90. literature, 88. Q quadrilineatus, Cicadula, 22, 68. quercitronis, Lecanium, 105. R Ragweed, food plant of Tortrix pallorana, 74, Ranunculus aeris, food plant of Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. rape, Pieris, 6,93. Raspberry and blackberry, on new insect enemies of, 87-92. injuries to, by Paria aterrima, $1 Typhloeyha tricineta, 115. INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Raspberry Plume Moth, 91. lug, 91. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 20. food plants, 21. -legged Grasshoppers in corn, 23. Spider, 117. Remedies and preventives for insect depredations, arsenical poisons, 78, 98. burning rubbish, 98. stubble, 33,39, 43. eapturing by hand, 17. with insect net, 78. carbolie acid, 108. caustic soda, 108. lowing, 54. destroying screenings, 54. trees, 114. early plowing, 66. emulsion, kerosene, 33,[97, 100, 105, 108, 117. furrow plowed to check:migration, 67. hellebore, 78, 108, 117. kerosene, 17,78. emulsion, 33, 97, 100, 105, 108, 117. late sowing, 36. laundry soap, 108. lime, 97. London purple, 98,101. luring with succulent vegetables, 80. paper bags, enclosing grapes in, 84. Paris green, 17, 67, 98. plowing deep, 54. early, 66. poisons, arsenieal, 78, 98. pyrethrum, 78, 80, 97, 102, 108, 115, 117. rolling, 66. rotation of crops, 33, 54. soap, laundry, 108. whale oil, 107, 108. soda, caustie, 108. sulphur, 86. tobaceo water, 100. washing off with water, 108. whale oil soap, 107, 108. Report upon Cotton Insects, J. H. Com- stoek, cited, 57. Reports Illinois State Entomologist, cited, 24, 57,58, 77,81, 89, 98, 99. Kansas State Board of Agriculture, cited, 24. Massachusetts State Board of Agricul- ture, cited, 21. Missouri State Entomologist, cited, 56, 57,59, 77. New York Agricultural Society, cited, 21. State Entomologist, cited, 23,58, 83, 105, 115. Ontario Entomological Society, cited, 77. Patent Office, cited, 56. U. $8. Commissioner cited, 66. Department of 17, 34, 84, 57, 58. of Agriculture, Agriculture, cited, | 117 Reports U. 8. Geological and Geographical Survey of Colorado and Adjacent Ter- ritory, cited, 21. Rhizobius, 71, 72. Rice, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 60, 63. Upland. injuries to. by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 61. Riley, Dr. C. V., 56,58, 60. Riley. on Eupelmus allyni, 44. on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63. On parasite of Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 65. on Larger Wheat Straw Worm, 35. on Strawberry Slug, 77. rileyi, Schizoneura, 114. Robinia pseudaecacia, food plant of Nema- tus robinie, 116. robinie, Nematus, 116. Robinson, Coleman T., 88. Robinson.) on Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. on Sulphur Leaf Roller, 17. Rolling heavy, as measure against Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 66. Root Web Worm, 6, 12-17. artiicial remedies, 16. description, 14. distribution, 16. life history, 16. natural enemies, 16. Worm, Corn, 5. Strawberry, 8, Worms, Strawberry, note on, 81. rosaceana, Caccecia, 74, 97,109. Rose, injuries to, by Cymatophora cre- puscularia, 72. Pyrrhia umbra, 90. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Rotation of crops, to destroy corn, as measure against Corn Plant Louse, 33. Wheat Midge, 54. rubi, Selandria, 91. Rye, injuries to, by Chinch Bug, 5. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Wheat Bulb Worm, 6,54. See Walsh and (See Grote and supplementary Ss sanguinea, Cycloneda, 33. Saperda tridentata, 112-114. Saunders, Wm. A., on Strawberry Slug, 77. Saw Flies, Willow, 100-102. Say, Thomas, 67. on Capsus invitus, 111. on Dolerus arvensis, 101. on Semiotellus destructor, 44. sayi, Pterostichus, 16. secabra, Hypena, 74. 118 INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. Scelodonta nebulosus, 81. pubescens, $1. Schizoneura panicola, 28, 29. rileyi. 114. Schlaffsucht, 66. Selandria cerasi, 7, 117. rubi, 91. Semiotellus destructor, calendar, 49. description, 45. life history, 46. parasite of Hessian Fly, 44. signata, Hyperaspis, 33, 104, 105. Signoret, Annales de la Société Entomo- logique de France, cited, 71. Silk Worm, contagious disease, 7. Siphonophora minor, 79. Slug, Cherry, 7, 117. Raspberry, 91. Strawberry, note on life history of, 77. Willow, 117. Smaller Two-spotted Lady Bug, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 33. Maple Bark Louse, 33. Smartweed, food plant of Pyrrhia umbra, 90. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Smith and Abbott, 57. on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 56. Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia, eited, 56. Smith, Emily A., on Coccophagus leeanii, 105. on Strawberry Slug, 77. Smith, J. B., on Pyrrhia angulata and P. umbra, 89. Soap, laundry, for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. whale oil, for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 107, 108. Soda, caustic, for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. 7 Sot Maple Bark Louse, 3, 7, 38, 103-109, 115. (See Maple Bark Louse, Soft.) injuries to, by Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. on some insect enemies of the, 103-111. sorghiellus, Coceus, deseription, 71. Sorghum Bark Louse, 71. injuries to, by Cicadula quadrilineatus, 69. Corn Plant Louse, 24. Sorghum Bark Louse, 71. Yellow Sorghum Plant Louse, 70. insects, brief notes on, 70,71. Plant Louse, Yellow, 70. Speckled Cutworm as a Cabbage worm, 93, 94, Spider, Red, 117. Spilosoma virginica, 116. Spotted Lady Bug preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 33. Straw Worm, Larger Wheat, 6, 34-386. (See Wheat Straw Worm, Larger.) Lesser Wheat, 6,35, 36, 37. Straw Worm, Wheat, 6. Strawberry Crown Borer, 8. injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 63. Lesser Strawberry Plant Louse, 79. Lophoderus velutinanus, 81. Paria aterrima, 81. Red-Banded Leaf Roller, 21. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104, Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Tarnished Plant Bug, 8,79. insects, article on new and imperfectly known, 77-82. Plant Louse, Lesser, 79. Root Worm, 8. Worms, supplementary note on, 81. Slug, note on life history of, 77. Sugar cane, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 61. sulfureana, Croesia, 17. Sulphur for fungus diseases of grape, 86. plant diseases due to Phytopti, 86. Leaf Roller, 17-20. description, 18. hymenopterous parasites of, 20. injuries to vegetation, 17,19. life history, 19. literature, 17. sulphureana, Dichelia, 17-20, 21,74. | Syrphus fly, larva, description, 32. preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 24, 32. oT Tachina parasite of Grass Worm or Fall . Army Worm, 65,66, Tarnished Plant Bug, 8,79, 111. description of egg, 79. telarius, Tetranychus, 117. Tent Caterpillar, Forest, contagious dis- ease, 7. Teras malivorana, 7,97. Tetranychus telarius, 117. Tetrastichus carinatus, calendar, 49. deseription, 48. parasite of Hessian Fly, 49. Thomas, Dr. Cyrus, on Aphis mali and A. malifoliz, 98, on Common Jumping Plant Lane. 99. on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 57. List of the Plant Lice of the United States, 23. Three-Banded Leaf Hopper, 115. Tobacco water for Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Tomato, injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Tomlinson, D. C., 18 Tortrix incertana, 20. pallorana, 74. Transactions of American Entomological Society, cited, 17,21, 88, 89. Illinois State Agricultural Society, 23. Ilinois State Horticultural Society, 771 ——— INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPORT. 119 tricincta, Typhloeyba, 115, tridentata, Saperda, 112-114. triferana, Cacoecia, 20. triferanus, Lophoderus, 20. trifida, Ambrosia, 74, trifolii, Cocecus, 72. Trioza, 99. diospyri, 99. pyrifoliz, 98-100. tristis, Chrysomitris, 105. tritici, Cecidomyia, 50-54. Tsosoma, 6, 35.36, 37. Turnip as lure for Tarnished Plant Bug, 80. injuries to, by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 62. Two-Spotted Lady Bug, Smaller, preying upon Corn Plant Louse, 33. Maple Bark Louse, 33. Typhloecyba tricincta, 115. U Uhler, P. R., Notes on the Heteroptera, cited, 111. on Lygus invitus, 111. Ulmus americana, 104, 112. umbra, Pyrrhia, 88-90. U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture, Report, cited. (See under Reports.) Department of Agriculture, Reports, eited. (See under Reports.) Entomological Commission, Bulletin, cited. (See under Bulletin.) Entomologist, Reports, cited. (See un- der Reports.) Geological and Geographical Survey of Colorado and Adjacent Territory, cited. (See under Reports.) Upland rice, injuries to by Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 6l. urticifolia, Verbena, injuries to, by Sul- phur Leaf Roller, 20, V velutinanus, Lophoderus, 8], 88. ventralis, Nematus, 117. Verbena hastata, food plant of Sulphur Lear Roller, 20, urticifolia, injuries to, by Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Vine-Loving Fruit-F ly, 7, 83. virginiana, Croesia, 17. virginica, Spilosoma, 116. vitis, Phytoptus, 84-86. vulgare, Orchelimum, 23. Ww Walker on Red-Banded’ Leaf Roller, 20. Walnut, injuries to, by Soft Maple Bark Louse, 103. Walsh and Riley, on Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 56,58, 60. Walsh, B. D., on Corn Plant Louse, 23. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Walton, Alice B., on Strawberry Slug, 77. Washing off females and egg masses to de- stroy Soft Maple Bark Louse, 108. Web Worm, Root,6,12. (See Root Web Worm.) ; Webster, F. M., 12,79, 112. on Larger Wheat Straw Worm, 34, 35. Western Rural, on the Willow Saw Flies, 100. Whale oil soap, forSoft Maple Bark Louse, 107, 108. Wheat Bulb Worm, 6,54. injuries to rye, 6,54. late sowing as measure against, parasite of, 54. Cutworm, 56,58. injuries to, by Cicadula nigrifrons, 68. C. quadrilineatus, 69. Grass Worm or Fall Army Worm, 6, 55, 56, 62, 63. Larger Wheat Straw Worm, 6,34. Lesser Wheat Straw Worm, 6,36. Wheat Midge, 6,51, 54. Midge, 6, 50-54. description, 51. injuries to grain, 54. life history, 53. remedies, 54. Notes on insects injurious to, 34-69. Straw Worm, 6. Larger, 6, 34-36. deseription, 35, life history and distribution, 35. Lesser. 6,35, 36. parasitized by Eupelmus allyni, 36, 37. White Clover, injuries to, by Clover Bark Louse, 72. Hematopis grataria, 74. Elim, injuries to, by Elm Bark Louse, 115. Elm Borer, 112, 113, 114. Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Wild Cherry, injuries to, by Willow Slug,117. Cucumber, food plant of Soft Maple Bark Louse, 104. Williams, A.,on Vine-Loving Fruit Fly, 83. Williston, Dr. 8S. W., description of Exorista infesta, 65. 120 INDEX TO FOURTEENTH REPCRT. Willow, injuries to, by Apatela oblinita, 117. Crepidodera helxines, 117. Dolerus arvensis, 100, 101. bicolor, 100. Orgyia leucostigma, 117. Plagiodera lapponiea, 117. Sulphur Leaf Roller, 20. Saw Flies, 100-102. Slug, 117. Wire Worms in corn, remedies, 17. Yj Yellow Jumping Pear Louse, 98-100. Sorghum Plant Louse, 70. ypsilon, Biston, 95-97. deseription, 95-97. Z zeellus, Crambus, 12-17. fot pin batt wer ns faye i F ar vt M of by ih ea " v Vy _ Li on . ; Saha poe a : Ne 1 A yy ’ ong J os ye r ; miy Aen ny AA Sn ae RNR e pe if ; mn SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR - | | . Hit Th