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SUPERINTENDENT

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JANUARY 1. 1861.

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BE. A. CALKINS & CO., STATE PRINTERS.

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* REPORT |

OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT

OF THE

GHOLOGICAL SURVEY,

EXHIBITING THE PROGRESS OF THE WORK.

JANUARY 1, 1861.
7

MADISON:

B, A. CALKINS & CO., STATE PRIMBPRS.

1861.

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GEOLOGICAL REPORT.

, ALBANY, December 24th, 1860.
To His ExceLLency, ALEXANDER W. RANDALL:

Sir :—In accordance with the law authorizing a Geological
Survey of the State of Wisconsin, I herewith submit a state-
ment of the condition of the work under my direction :

I have personally continued my field explorations, with a
view to the determination of the general geological structure
of the State, and have made good progress in these investiga-
tions. | |

Among the results of general interest, I may mention that
in carrying on my observations to the northwestward of the
westerly bend of the Wisconsin River, among the isolated
masses of sienitic rocks which have been regarded as of igne-
ous origin, I have found many of them to be essentially quartz
rocks of peculiar character. These rocks I find on more care-
ful examination in several ‘localities, to have been originally
a regularly stratified sandstone, which has undergone subse-
quent metamorphism, so far, that on fresh fracture the rock
betrays no lines of lamination. When viewed as a whole, or
in the massive outcrops, the lines of nearly vertical jointing
are conspicuous ; but lines of bedding or stratification, are not
at once recognized. In certain localities in favorable condi-

tions, and particularly on Spirit Lake, we find the weathered -

surfaces showing distinct lines of lamination; and not only
the direct lines are visible, but lines of diagonal lamination at:
various angles, and the coarser and finer materials are as dis-
cernable as in modern sandstones.

Not only, therefore, haye we. this unmistakable evidence of
the stratified character of these rocks, but we have the means
of showing that the direction of the foldings or axes (which
through the denudation of the more recent formations, has
brought these rocks to view,) lie in a nearly east and west di-
rection, and therefore belong to an entirely different system
from those which have affected the superincumbent strata.

4

After determining, by the more minute and detailed exam-
inations, the stratified nature of these rocks, we are able to
discover in the larger masses, and the hill escarpments the
direction and dip of the strata, which are extremely obscure,
and rendered more difficult of observation by the numerous
joints. Besides these determinations, I have in two or three
localities been able to trace these quartzites upward till the
beds become conglomeritic; the pebbles consisting of the
crystalline quartz, (usually of a brown color,) which vary from
the size of peas to a foot or more in diameter. The darker
materials gradually become mixed with a lighter colored sand,
and sometimes a notable proportion of argillaceous matter ;
the mass loses its metamorphic aspect, and we find ourselves
almost imperceptibly investigating the base of the Potsdam
sandstone. ae

It must not be understood, however, that there is any pass-
age from the one to the other that would indicate a synehron-
ism of the two formations. On the other hand, the quartzite
had been deposited as a coarse and find sand, (with sometimes
pebbles, had become metamorphosed and the mass raised in
low axes before the commencement ofthe Potsdam era. The
breaking up of this’ mass gave the pebbles of quartz, etc.,
which lie at the base of the Potsdam sandstone; and these
pebbles,) with an accumulation of ‘sand from the breaking up
of the mass continue the color and aspect of the rock below,
till the influx of lighter colored sand changes the character
and color of the whole. :

Tregard this discovery of the nature of these underlying
masses to be a matter of considerable interest ; and since the
areas. occupied by such rocks are limited, and it is nearly im-
possible to trace a connection between any two of them, it
becomes important to collect material from numerous localities,
for the purpose of comparison with the more extended areas
of older metamorphic rocks. |
_ These metamorphic masses are, in all probability, extensions
of the Huronian formations of Canada; and though not fa-
miliar with the latter in its typical localities, [am inclined to
refer them to that period, since they do not correspond with
the Laurentian rocks known to me through investigations in
northern New York. | :

I have considered these facts of sufficient interest to the
science of Geology and to the survey to communicate them in
the present report. I shall continue this investigation, and
hope to be able hereafter [to show the relations of all these
metamorphic massés to formations of known geological age.

5

In addition to these observations, I have pursued my inves-
tigations upon the Potsdam sandstone and the succeeding for-
mations; which, with the previous researches will be fully
detailed in the final report.

The investigations upon the rocks of the Niagara group
and associated strata, have likewise been continued, and I have
arrived at certain results fortified by the occurrence of numer-
ous fossils which lead me to conclude that the Racine lime-
stone, mentioned in a former report, is the upper member of
the Niagara group, while the heavy bedded mass below is but
the expansion: of the limestones of the Clinton group. This
opinion in regard to the last named rock I advanced some
years since, but having until this time no satisfactory evidence
of the occurrence of the higher member of the Niagara group,
I had been forced to admit that the whole had merged in one
great calcareous mass. This part of the subject will be more
fully discussed in my next report.

I have had an assistant, Mr. T. J. Hale, in the field from
the beginning of July to the end of the season. His labors
have been directed to tracing in detail the outcrops of the for-
mations on the east of the central axis, and in collecting fos-
sils. He has also collected economic materials and soils for
the other departments of the survey. During the latter part
of the season Mr. Hale has been employed in the lead region
to complete the collection of fossils necessary for the palaeon-
tology of that report, which is now being prepared.

Under the supplementary law of last session, relating to the
geology of the State, I was directed to make a contract with
Prof. J. D. Whitney. for the completion of the map and report
of the lead region; and with Col. Charles Whittlesey for the
continuation of his work in the Lake Superior region. In ac-
cordance with this law, and with the approval of your Excel-
lency, these contracts were made, and the work continued.
Since that time Mr. Whitney has completed his report and
maps, which, by the terms of the act referred to, have been
placed in the engravers hands, and I hope to send finished
copies of one of them with this report. The other map will
require yet some time for its campletion. I have also made
arrangements for, and progress in, the work pertaining to
other illustrations for this report. The report of Mr. Whittle-
sey will soon be completed and placed in my hands, and will
be subject to your direction.

Mr. Hale will communicate to me a detailed report upon his
local examinations, which may be IRRPT ORR in my final
report.

| 6

While the general work of my department of the survey has
been progressing in these investigations, the collecting of fos-
sils from the various rocks, etc., I have been giving more
especial attention to the preparation of the report upon the
lead region. According to the plan heretoforé proposed, my
report will embrace a general sketch of the geology of the
State, showing the relations of the lead bearing roék to the
other formations of the State, and the whole in relation to
the geology of the adjacent country, so far as now known.
This will be followed by the special report of Mr. Whitney on
the geology, mineralogy, mining, etc., of the Lead Region
with illustrations and diagrams, besides two large maps.
The concluding part of the report will be the descriptions of
fossils, or the palaeontology of the Lead Region, which will
make the work complete for that part of the State.

The maps for this report, with some other of the illustra-
tions, will be engrayed from money derived from the surplus
of the previously unappropriated fund, directed by the law of
the Jast Legislature to this object, after completing the con-
tract with Messrs. Whitney and Whittlesey. I have, however,
made no arrangement for the printing of any definite number
of these maps or illustrations, beyond what may be necessary
ag examples of the work. |
In order, therefore, to accomplish the printing of these, I

require further means and authority.

The entire report on the lead region will be sufficient to
make a large octavo volume of 600 or 700 pages, with several
maps, and at least thirty or more plates of fossils. The
work of engraving may be so far completed that the text of
this volume will be ready for the press by the beginning of
April next. Imention this time because nothing would be
gained by commencing the printing sooner, since the engray-
ing and printing of the plates and maps could not be ready
sooner than in time for the letter press, if begun at that date.

_T have spoken and written to your Excellency upon the sub-
ject of the printing, which I hope may be done in a better
style than the ordinary documents. The report will be a final
one upon that portion of the State, and a volume of much
value and importance. I hope the Executive and Legislature
of Wisconsin will not be satisfied with anything below the
standard of the Iowa Report. I may, perhaps, be permitted
to mention here, that the style and size of the lowa report
has been adopted in the Illinois survey, as IL am informed by
the State Geologist, and that the forthcoming report will be
printed in that form.

fi

_ In addition to the report on the lead region, I shall have in
my hands the reports of Col. Whittlesey for 1858 and 1860 ;
these, however, are to be considered as reports of progress
upon work yet unfinished, and to complete in detail the inves-
tigations in the Lake Superior region, will require much more
‘time and means.

I append herewith the descriptions of some new species of
fossils from the rocks of the lead region, which I am desirous
of having printed in advance of the final report upon that
part of the State. There are also some species from rocks of
the age of the Niagara group in the eastern part of the State,
which I wish to have printed as early as practicable.

I shall be able to render an account of expenditures in the
survey, as soon as I shall receive the report and final account
of Mr. Whittlesey, and the account of Mr. Hale.

Mr. Whitney has already been paid the full amount of his
contract, $2,500. Mr. Whittlesey hes received $1,000. I

‘have drawn on account of engraving maps, etc., $500. These
sums have been drawn from the unexpended or undrawn ap-
propriation for the Geological Survey, the expenditure of
which was directed at the last session of the Legislature.

In everything pertaining to the completion of the work in

‘ my charge, I have used my utmost endeavors to make the

most efficient progress that the limited means at my disposal

will permit, and to bring out the results in a satisfactory man-

. ner.

I have the honor to be

Very respectfully,
Your ob’t servant, :
JAMES HALL,
State Geologist.

et
resteng t |

me Pea eo ee ‘

pea TON Nae auld
APR OG AINE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WISCONSIN ;

DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS;

FROM
THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SURVEY;

To accompany the Report of Progress made to His Excellen-
cy, ALEXANDER W. RANDALL, on the 24th |
day of December, 1860.

BY JAMES HALL,

STATE GEOLOGIST AND PALMONTOLOGIST.

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11

OBSERVATIONS UPON THE GENUS RECHPTACU-
LITES, Du France; with notices of some new species:

A characteristic fossil of the Lead bearing beds, was refer-
red by Dr. D. D. Owen in his Report on the Mineral Region
of the Northwest, in 1844, page 40, to Coscinopara sulcata, of
Goldfuss, and he gives a figure of the same, pl. 7, fig. 5. It
is subsequently cited in his reports, and in the catalogue of
fossils accompanying the “Geology of Wisconsin, Lowa and
Minnesota,” (his last report upon that region,) the name is con-
tinued. This fossil however is clearly a RECEPTACULITES, and
must be referred to that genus, I propose for it the name
of Receptaculites Owent.

In the report first mentioned (of 1844,) Dr. Owen figures on
pl. 18, fig. 7, a fossil under the name of Orbitolites, reticu-
lata. ‘This name is not continued in the final list; but from
similar specimens, I am constrained to refer this also to the
genus RECEPTACULITES. In the report on the Geology of
Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, 1852, page 586, Dr. Owen
describes, under Foraminifera, a new genus SELENOIDES, which
he says he at first supposed would be found to belong to the
genus OrpituLiIna. The following is the generic description
given page 586;

SELENOIDES (a. g.)

Generic character. “It was supposed at first that this singu-
lar fossil from limestones of Lower Silurian date of Iowa,
would fall into the genus OrpiruLIna. But as D’Orbigny re-
gards this genus as an unequal-sided Orbitolites, in which one
side is conyex, incrusted, and showing numerous cells in ob-
lique lines around the sides, it can hardly be grouped with it,
as the Iowa fossil is umbilicated on one side, and the cellular,
ring-shaped surface instead of being concave, is so convex as
to form nearly a coiled cylinder. The other side being partly
defaced in splitting it out of the rock, it is difficult to say
whether it had a cellular surface similar to that shown of fig.
13, Tab. I. B., or concentric lines ; what portion of it is visi-
ble rather indicates that the fossil was unequal-sided, not being
umbilicated on the other surface; probably cellular, and not
without concentric lines. There are no cup-shaped cells open-
ing round the periphery, as in ORBITOLITES, which are said to
be equal-sided ORBITULINAS.”’

12

‘For the above reasons, I think it will constitute a new ge-
nus, peculiar to the Lower Palzozoic rocks. ‘The horizontal
section seems to present an internal arrangement of cells sim-
ilar to those of Orbitoides.”

Under this genus is described as follows, page 587 :

“‘ SeLenorpEes Iowensis, #1. II B, fig. 13.
“ Specific Character—One side flatly dome shaped, the

other ring shaped, enclosing an umbilicus or central depres-
sion. Small rhomboidal cells opening on the surface in curved
rows, intersecting in arches; the cells gradually increasing in
size from the inner margin to the periphery.”

Having examined specimens of this fossil from the same
locality as that figured by Dr. Owen, I am constrained to be-
lieve that this also is a species of RecePTacuLiTEs of different
form from the prevailing one, and varying little if at all specif-
ically from that figured under the name of Orbitolites reticulata,
in 1844, before referred to. :

In Palaeontology of New York, 1847, Vol. 1, p.—,1 described
a species of RECEPTACULITES, referring it with doubt to the
it. Neptunt of De France. The specimen is solid, partly
weathered on one side, and furnishes only unsatisfactory
means of comparison and determination. More recently, Mr.
Salter has stydied a collection of specimens from Canada,
which he regards as identical with the one figured by me, but
differing from the European &. Neptuni, and proposes the
name Jt. occtdentatis for the Ameriman species.* _ In the vol-
ume referred to I also noticed and figured a fossil of discoid
form with depressed centre; the weathered surface showing a
reticulate texture; but the interior so entirely solid as to re-
veal no structure ; and it could not be satisfactorily referred
to any known genus at that time. Since knowing the western
forms, I have become satisfied that this is generically and per-
haps specifically identical with the fossil described by Dr.
Owen as Selenoides Iowensis, which, when the surface is entire,
has a similar reticulated structure. Its diameter is greater,
than any of the western specimens ; but its condition does not
admit of structural comparison. |

In the study of the specimens collected in the lead region,
I recognize four principal and prevailing forms of this genus ;
the most common and largest of which is the one originally
referred to Coscinopora sulcata, si

Figares and descriptions 0‘ Canadian Organie Remains. Decade I, page 47-49, pl. 10.

13
GENUS RECEPTACULITES—De France. (as emended.)

Generic Characters.—Body consisting of an infundibuliform
spreading disc, more or less concave at the centre, depressed-
orbicular, and globose. The spreading discoid forms consist of
a range of vertical cells in single series; the orbicular discoid
forms have raidiated curving cells which are directed from the
center or axis towards the margin, their length and curvature
depending on the size and form of the mass; the foramina or cells
in all the forms become larger as they recede from the centre
to the periphery, and again become smaller, on the lower
side, in the globose forms. Cells cylindrical, contracted
below the aperture, and thickened or expanded above, with
rhomboidal openings at each extremity. On one side the
openings sometimes shows obsolescent rays; the interior walls
of the cells are often striated as if preserving the remains of
transverse septa.

In all these bodies the cells are arranged on curving lines
which diverge from the center in a constantly enlarging circle;
these are crossed by similar lines in an opposite direction,
which thus leave quadrangular or rhomboidal spaces, “like the
engine turned ornament of a watch.”* The form of these
apertures depend upon the degree of curvature, or upon the
form of the mass to which the curvature of the cell lines will
conform. In all cases, however, the cell is cylindrical beneath
the exterior.

Since the cells vary in size at different distances from the
center, the size of the cells in separate fragments, affords no
means, alone, for specific determination.

Regarding the form and mode of growth, I have recognized
the following species in the Galena limestone of the lead re-

gion. V4

RECEPTACULITES OWENI—Hatz.

s

Coscinopora suleata, (Goldfuss.) Owen, loc. cit., page 40.

Description.— Body consisting of a broad expanded disc,
from four to twelve inches in width, and from one quarter to
half an inch in thickness (rarely a little thicker). Surface undu.
lating with an abrupt funnel shaped depression in the center
of the upper side, from which the cell rows radiate in curved
Nines.) > |

*Salter, loc. cit. p.

14

The thickness in the center is not more than one-eighth of
an inch, and at a distance of three or four inches from the
center is less than half an inch: cells cylindrical in the mid-
dle and contracted both above and below, the walls of the
cavities, often showing transverse striae, which appear like
the remains of septa. The distance of the cells from each other
is variable, those near the center being closer together, though,
in receding from the center, there are at intervals intercalated
rows of cells, which take the same direction, and give the cells a
closer arrangement towards the margin than in the interme-
diate space before the intercalation of the additional rows.
The apertures both above and below are essentially rhomboidal ;
but in well preserved surfaces there are remains of rays, which,
however, are rarely observed ;* and I have not seen them on
opposite sides of the same specimen.

The various stages of decomposition, and degrees of pres-
ervation, present a great variety of surface aspect. In some
conditions, there is visible a distinct groove, extending along
the surface from one cell to the next, across the curving inter-
spaces. I have not observed in any of these specimens eyi-
dences of the connecting stolous shown by Mr. Salter, (loc.
cit.
‘seologioal Formation and Locality.—In the Galena limestone
of Wisconsin, Northern Illinois, and the eastern part of Lowa,
this fossil is everywhere present, and is the most marked and
characteristic form in the rock. It likewise occurs sometimes
in positions where the Galena limestone is extremely thin, or
not recognized as @ distinct member of the group. |

In the study of this species, which will be fully illustrated
in the forthcoming report, I have been furnished with speci-
mens by Messrs. I. A. Lapham, of Milwaukee, and J. H. Ad-
ams, of Lancaster; Prof. Nason, of Beloit, Wisconsin, and
Mr. T. D. Robertson, of Rockford, Illinois.

RECEPTACULITES (Selenoides) IOWENE.

Selenoides Iowensis, Owen, Report on the Geology of Wis-
conwin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 587, pl. 2, fig. 18.

Description.—Body discoid, convex below with a broad cen-
tral attachment; upper side depressed in the centre, with an
elevated and rounded border; cells arranged in radiating
curved lines from the centre to the preiphery, and which con-
tinue on the sides and lower surface; the cells are cylindrical

*This feature is very clearly set forth in a specimen from the collection of I. A. Lapham,"Esq

15

within and contracted below the aperture. Surface reticulate
in appearance, the cell openings communicating by a groove
across the division, and between these are elevated interrupted,
both ridges and grooves arranged in concentric lines crossing
the cell divisions. The outline of the aperture or cell is rhom-
boidal, and in the centre of the bottom is a circular opening
communicating with the cylindrical tube below.

When the surface is worn, it presents a series of round
perforations, which are proportionally larger than they appear
in unworn specimens simply from showing the diameter of the
cell below the contraction. Transverse diameter three-fourths.
of an inch to two inches, and greatest vertical diameter rarely
aninch. This species is far less common than R. Oweni.

Geological Formation and Locality.—It occurs in the Galena
limestone, at Platteville, Wisconsin, Dubuque, Iowa, Galena
and Rockford, Illinois.

RECEPTACULITES FUNGOSUM—Hatt.

Deseripijon.—Body very broadly subturbinate or fungiform ;
rounded and very convex below, except the broad base of at-
tachment ; upper surface deeply concave in the center, convex
towards the margin, and curving abruptly at the sides. Cells
small, cylindrical, little contracted at the aperture, arranged in
radiating curved lines from the center to the center to the
periphery and continuing over the sides and base in the same
direction. The central cells are vertical, but on approaching
the periphery they are curved upwards and inwards ; the lat-
eral cells are directed horizontally and gradually turning down-
wards are again vertical, opening in the opposite direction
from those of the center above. )

Surface appearing reticulate from the concentric grooves
which connect the cells upon the surface, and the parallel con-
centric ridges; while these are crossed below by the double
series of diverging curved lines.

To conceive of the form of this species, one may fancy an
expanded form of R. Owent to be bent abruptly over at an
inch or two from the center, and the margins drawn together
below, forming a base of attachment.

The greatest diameter of this species, in the specimens ex-
amined, is about three inches; and the greatest elevation
from the center of the base to the summit, is one and three-
fourths to two inches; the depth of the central, cavity below
the plane of the summit being about half an inch. _ The length
of the cells in the thickest lateral portions of the body, is about.
three-fourths of an inch. )

16

This species is less common than either the #. Owen or
R. Lowensis. I have received, through Prof. Whitney from
Capt. Beebe, of Galena, a very fine specimen for illustration,

and others from Mr. Robertson, of Rockford, Illinois. =

RECEPTACULITES GLOBULARE—Ham. .-

Deseription.—Body globose or sub-globose, with an irregu-
lar base of attachment; transverse diameter usually greater
than the, vertical diameter; summit a little depressed; cells
arranged in radiating curved lines, the apertures rhomboidal
and transversely elongated ; the concentric groove and raised
ridges between, strongly marked. cade

This species is readily distinguished by its small globose
form, which is usually not more than three-fourths of an inch
in diameter. It is more rare than either of the others, though
I am informed by Prof. Daniels, that more than twenty speci-
mens were obtained at a single locality in Wisconsin. About
twenty years since, I received a specimen of this species from
Mr. Thorp, of Mount Morris, Illinois, and have seam others in
Galena, and in the collection of Prof. Daniels.

Geological Formation and Locality.In the Galena limestone
of the lead region of Wisconsin, lowa and Illinois.

RECEPTACULITES INFUNDIBULUM—Hatn.

Description.—Entire form of body unknown. The centre
is a influndibuliform cavity, haying a depth of one and a half
inches with the same diameter of the summit; cells arranged
in radiating curved lines; the lines of cell wall in one direc-
tion apparently curving very little, while the other seems to
have a greater curve; cell apparatus quadrangular and near-
ly square within the central area, beyond this they are
undetermined. .

This species 1s described from some fragments in the lime-
stone of Racine, from the collection of T. J. Hale. The geo-
logical horizon is that of the Niagara group, of New York.

RECEPTACULITES HEMISPHERICUM—Hatxz.

Description—Body hemispheric, convex above, the centre
not depressed. Cells arranged in radiating curved lines, which
cross each other as in the other species of the genus. Cell
apertures sharply defined, rhomboidal, opening by a round
contracted orifice into the cylindrical tubes below.

v

V7

The,.organic, centre from which the cells, radiate (in two
specimens) is elevated, and does not quite, correspond with the .
centre of the mass, |The,central cells.are very minute, those
near| the margin having a diameter five or six times as great...

This species has nearly the same diameter as. R. iowensis,—
but the cells are proportionally large, and the rhomboidal, ap-
ertures more sharply defined, while the centre is not broadly
depressed as: in thatjone; but widely and sometimes almost ,
hemispherically convex, with a slight depression on one side
of the organic centre, nif:

Geological formation and locality. In, the limestone of Ra-.
cine.of the horizon of the Niagara limestone of New York.

Collector. TT. J. Hale.

GRAPTOLITIDED of the Lower Silurian rocks of Wisconsin.
GRAPTOLITHUS (Diplograptus) prosta, Hau.

Description. Stipe (simple ?) robust, rounded on the surface,
with:section broad-oval; very gradually widening from base,
having a width of about eight hundredths of an inch: cellules
narrow-elongate, about twenty-six in the space of an inch;
length about three and a half times the width of the cell, the
free portion being about one-third the length; inclined to the
axis) at an angle of about 35°; extremities of the cells trun-
cate, the apertures somewhat quadrangular and rounded on the
sides. Cell partitions strong and well defined, reaching near-
ly to. the centre of the stipe in its lower part, leaving a very
narrow space for the common body, which becomes wider above.
Surface transversely striated or wrinkled.

Geological formation and locality. In the shales of the Hud-
son River group in Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.

DICTYONEMA wneenan, Hat.

Description. Frond spreading, infundibuliform, reticulate,
the radiating branches slender, direct, a very little undulating,
the transverse connecting filaments more slender than the
branches; reticulations quadrangular or oval, the length from
one and a half to twice the width; from six to seven and a
half in the space of half an inch, and transversely from twelve
to fourteen in the same distance. Serrations or cellules not
determined. | ;

This species is deeply funnel shaped, the branches but slight-
ly diverging and the intercalated or implanted branches at dis-
tant intervals. The matrix is a compact granular limestone,

2aR |

18

a substance unfavorable to the preservation of the cellules or
of the finer markings of the surface.

In the form and proportions of the cellules and the greate
proportional width of the connecting filaments, this species
differs from any of those described. |

Geological formation and locality. In the Trenton limestone
of the Fox river, near Appleton, Wisconsin. Iam indebted
to Prof. R. Z. Mason, of the Appleton University, for the
specimen.

Near the base of the Trenton limestone at Platteville and
other localities, there are some slaty layers completely charged
with fragments of organic bodies which have the appearance,
color and texture of the Graptolitide. In 1860 I collected
from this locality numerous specimens of these shales, and I
am also indebted to Mr. J. D. Whitney (lately of the Wis-
consin Survey, and now Geologist of California) for a piece
of limestone from the same neighborhood, containing some
of these forms in a more complete condition. Since that
period, large numbers of specimens have been collected, show-
ing an abundance of these fragments, quite unprecedented in
any locality of Graptolites, which I have examined. Many of
these fragments are long and slender, and have evidently been
floated and macerated before being imbedded. Some of them
are twisted together, either from their natural relations, or,
what appears more probable, by the action of the waves before
these forms were finally thrown down upon the muddy bottom.
A few fragments of Trilobites and shells, with valves of Lep-
erditia, occur in the same association.

‘Notwithstanding this abundance of fragments, I have thus
far been unable to make out more than a single form ina
condition to be satisfactorily described. This form is gene-
rally distinct from any heretofore described, so far as I am
aware. It consists of a long principal or central stipe, with
diverging branches, closely arranged and often recurved. The
stipes, so far as observed, are simple and linear, and the
branches are simple and linear, terminating in a thickened
lanceolate extremity. The main stipe is distinctly marked by
round or oval spots, representing the cellules; the branches
are striated, and with sometimes some obscure marks of ¢el-
lules. For this form I propose the Generic name of Butho-

graptus.
GENUS BUTHOGRAPTUS, (nov. gen.)

Generic character. Frond consisting of a central stipe with
closely arranged lateral branches, which are fiexuous or re-

&

19

carved, (or perhaps sometimes rigid) proceeding rectangularly
from the main stipe: which is celluliferous on one side (per-
haps on both sides.) Branches plain and linear, celluliferous?
Substance corneous brown or black in the shale and limestone.

The cellules on the central stipe are round or oval, and
there are some obscure indications of cellules on the branches,
but their determination is very unsatisfactory.

BUTHOGRAPTUS axus, (n. 8.)

Description. Frond slender, lax and flexuous, midrib or
stipe linear, with oval spots marking the form and place of
the cellules. Branches coming off at right angles to the stipe,
slightly recurved in the middle, and sometimes bent abruptly
backwards. Some obscure markings upon the surface of the
branches may indicate the place of cellules: branches with
lanceolate terminations. Surface striated.

Geological Formation and Locality. In dark-colored shaly
fimestone of the age of the Trenton limestone; at Platteville
and vicinity, Wisconsin.

MELOCRINITES noposus, (n. 8.)

Description. Body pyriform, base truncate, gradually ex-
panding to the top of the radial plates; dome rounded and
more or less convex. Basal plates four, strongly nodose, ex-
tended laterally, and one half or more of the entire width
occupied by the articulating facet of the column, which is
deeply inserted. Radial plates three; the first largest and
heptagonal; the second smaller and hexagonal; the third hep-
tagonal. Interradial plates in series of one, two, and three:
the first hexagonal and as large as the second radial; the
second hexagonal and a little smaller than the third radials;
the third smaller and somewhat irregular. The oval side is
not usually distinguishable from the others, unless it be some-
times in a series of two larger plates above the second range
in the interradial area. The dome consists of numerous small
polygonal plates with a central or sub-central aperture or
proboscis.

The third radial is a bifurcating plate, and upon the upper
sloping sides rest brachial plates; of which there are two or
three ranges below the free arms. Arms two from each ray,
the structure unknown. The surface is marked by strong
rounded tubercles, a single one on each plate, which, at its
base, occupies the greater part of the area of the plate. These
nodes are sometimes much elongated and smoothly rounded at

20

the summit (and rarely, a little contracted below). The dome
plates:are slightly modose, often a little: pointed, but in this
respect variable. ) | t

This is a well marked species; and the specimens: vary! i
hight. from less than half an’ inch, to an ineéhi and three-
eighths without important differences. When well preserved;
the projecting arm-bases give a somewhat pentalobate aspect
when viewed from tho summit.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the drift about Mil-
waukee, supposed. to be from rocks.of Devonian age. I am
indebted to Mr. I. A. Lapham for specimens from this locality.
I. have also received) from Rev. W. H. Barris,'of Burlington;
Towa, a specimen of the’ same species from Lowa City, and
presumed to come from the rocks in that neighborhood, whiely
are of Devonian age. Specimens collected by Dr. P. Ri Hoy
T. J. Hale and James Hail.

- GENUS: EUCALYPTOCRINUS, Gorpruss: »
EUCALYPTOCRINUS ornatus, (n. s.)

Description. Body below the arms sub-hemispherical, some-
what: flattened at the base, with a narrow, deep, pentagonal
basal cavity, formed entirely of the basal plates; which are
long and gradually expanding towards their outer ends. First
radial plates separated from the basal cavity by a deeply chan-
neled suture, their’ width once and a half their height, and
widest a liitle above the midde, upper margins concave. Second
radials quadrangular, much wider than high; third radials
hexagonal, larger than the second, widest near the base.
Hirst supra-radials but little smaller than the third radials.
Socond supra-radials much smaller than the first, pentagonal;
supporting on each upper sloping side a small brachial
plate upon which rest the arm plate. The first interradial
plate is the largest plate in the body, irregularly ten sided,
height and width equal; supporting the second plates side by
side on its upper edge. Intersupra-radial plates one in each
series, proportionally small. Arms and interbrachial plates
unknown.

Surface marked by moderately strong, irregularly radiating,
interrupted lines with deep pits: sutures of plates rather widely
channelled. % | |

This. species differs from H. celatus (Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, pl.
47, fig. 4,) in the more nearly hemispherical cup, while. the
surface ornaments are lines more properly than granules, and

21

arranged in different forms, while the sutures are broad and
deep channels instead of indistinct lines.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
‘of the Niagara group, Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. R. Hoy,
I. J. Hale, James Hall. | =

GENUS GLYPTOCRINUS, Hatt.
GLYPTOCRINUS nosiis, (n. 8.)

Description. Body large, robust, from base to the. first
bifurcation of the ray, sub-hemispherical; arm bases above
this prominent, giving a strongly lobed form;, dome highly
elevated, the distance from the base of the free arms to the
base of the proboscis being once and a-half as great as
the distance below. Proboscis strong, sub-central, entire
length unknown. Basal plates of moderate size, spreading
almost horizontally from the column. First radial plates
large, second radials hexagonal, much wider than high;
third radials broadly pentangular, supporting on each upper
sloping side a series of four supra-radials; the upper one of
which is a bifurcating plate, and supports on the upper oblong
sloping edges a series of arm plates; giving eight arms to
each ray, so far as determined.

First interradial plate large, six or seven sided, with two
smaller plates in the second range, three in the third, and
several small polygonal plates above filling the interbrachial
spaces, and connecting with the dome plates. Anal series
unknown. Dome composed, near the base, of small polygonal
plates, gradually increasing in size towards the proboscis; the
dome is strongly lobed, and the depressions correspond with
the interbrachial spaces. Surface of calyx plates marked by a
single set of strong radiating ridges, which connect at the
sutures with those of the adjoining plates; the interspaces
occupied by one or more small round nodes, which are some-
times confluent. The ridge along the radial series is much
the strongest, and forms a node on the centre of each plate.
The dome plates are marked by similar, but less distinct lines,
and a small round node on the center of each plate.

This species differs from G. decadactylus (Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2)
in the larger size; the shortness of the base; the very large
dome, and strong proboscis; as well as in the surface marking
and greater number of arms.

inte dake formation and locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara Group, Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. R. Hoy,
James Hall. |

22

GLYPTOCRINUS sirgonatvs, (né 8.)

Description. Body, large, broadly obovate, the greatest
width being above the origin of the arms; calyx narrow below,
spreading gradually to the bases of the arms; dome inflated on
the anterior(?) side. Arms rising from the body in pairs with
_ deep constrictions between; arrangement and forms of plates
of calyx not fully determined; those of the dome are small
and polygonal.

The above description is drawn from internal casts. This
species differs from G. nobilis in the much greater length of
calyx which is not contracted in the lower part; while in that
species it is broad and spreading. It appears not to have had
a proboscis; but in the casts there is the filling of a cavity
which has passed from the summit of the dome between the
postero-lateral arms, where it turns outwardly, as if it had
opened on the exterior surface in the form of an oval opening.

Geological Formation and Locality. In rock of the age of
the Niagara group; Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. R. Hoy, T. J.
Hale, James Hall.

GENUS BALANOCRINUS, Troost.
BALANOCRINUS INFLATUS, (n. 8.)

Description. Body below the arms subturbinate, with sides
somewhat inflated in the lower part; arm bases prominent,
leaving deep interbrachial spaces; dome low, strongly inflated on
the oval side, surmounted by a slender sub-central proboscis.
Basal plates small, pentagonal. Sub-radial plates proportionally
large, hexagonal. First radials heptagonal, a little larger than
the sub-radials; the form of the second and third radials un-
determined; the second are as large as the sub-radials; the
third very small.

Interradial plates, six; the first hexagonal, as large as the
second radials, with two in the second range, and three in the
third range, uniting with the dome plates. Anal plates numer-
ous, form and arrangement unknown. |

The above descriptions have been drawn from the internal
casts of several specimens, which exhibit the divisions of the

lates.
: This species differs from B. sculptus, Troost; Lampterocrinus
tennesseensis, Roemer ‘Silurian Fauna of Western Tennessee,”
in being more distinctly turbinate or obconical; in the deeper
interbrachial spaces; and the inflation of the dome on the aa-
al side. ates

23

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
ef the Niagara Group, Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. BR. Hoy,
f. J. Hale, James Hall. | ) ae

GENUS CARYOCYSTITES, Von Bucu.
CARYOCYSTITES cytinpricum, (n. s.)

Description. Body elongate-obovate, or sub-cylindrical;
rounded at top and abruptly contracted at base near the junction
with the column; basal plates undetermined. ‘The first range
above the basal series consists of eight elongate hexagonal plates,
their length once and a half the greatest width, gradually ex-
panding in width from below upwards. These are succeeded by
a second, third, fourth and fifth range of. eight plates in each, all
somewhat regularly hexagonal, their length a little greater
than the width. Of these, the fourth range is usually. the
widest, situated at a little more than one third the length of
the body from the summit, and at the point of greatest diameter.
The sixth range above the basal plates are much smaller than
the others, and narrowest at their upper ends. Alternating
with the last there is a seventh range of smaller plates, sur-
rounding those of the summit) and enclosing the summit open-
ings. Column small, round, rapidly tapering below the point
of attachment. Surface characters unknown.

The above description is drawn from specimens which are
casts. The divisions of the smaller plates are seen, and one
of the apertures of the summit is well marked on several indi-
viduals; but the ovarian aperture (which is described as being
on the side towards the lower part of the body in Caryocys-
TITES,) has not been satisfactorily determined. The surface
appears to have been coarsely granulose.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group at Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. R. Hoy,
James Hall. Grafton, Wis., Edward Daniels.

CARYOCYSTITES ALTeRNATUM, (n, 8.)

Description. Body extremely elongate, sub-cylindrical, the
greatest diameter near the apex, extremity with irregular
constrictions near the middle in some specimens. Summit
irregularly rounded, flattened, or depressed on the side of
the aperture; base gradually tapering to the summit of the
column. The body is composed of several (twelve) ranges
of plates, varying in size and shape; in some of the ranges
they are large, mostly octagonal, eight in number, in a range ;

24

in others they are much smaller, pentagonal or hexagonal, and
about twice as many as in the ranges of larger plates’; ‘these
ranges alternate with each other. Near the summit, between
what appears to be the eleventh and twelfth ranges of plates
from the base, there Is'a distinct lateral opening, with another
somewhat smaller opening more nearly on the summit, corres-
| pening with the mouth and anal opening as described by
Von Buch; but the lower lateral aperture (ovarian sperture)
has not been recognized; most of the specimens being broken
“near the base, and weathered on one side. Surface characters
“unknown. OTE Gf
The specimen, like those of the last species, are casts, but

‘the characters given above are distinctly seen in severalvindi-
viduals. The structure of the body does not very well corres-
pend with the generic characters of Caryocystites, and it*may

e necessary, when more perfect specimens are discovered, to
designate it by another name.
Geological formation and locality. In limestone of therage

of the Niagara Group.
Collector. UT. J. Hale.

BRACHIOPODA.

LINGULA porta, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell small, short ovate, the greatest width near
the front, which is broadly rounded; beaks obtusely rounded;
valves moderately convex, with prominent umbones. Surface
‘glabrous, or marked by very fine concentric lines of growth.

The interior of the ventral valve shows a distinct spatulate
muscular impression in the centre, with raised margins, and
fainter impressions at the sides. There is an obtuse dental
process on each side of the rostral cavity.

This species differs from L. prima in the prominence of the
of the umbones, and in being destitute of lamellose concentric
lines of growth. The shell was referred by Dr. D. D. Owen
to OxoLus, but 1 am unable to find satisfactory evidences of
the features of Obdolus; neither do the characters correspond
with true Lingula. :

Geological formation and locality. In Potsdam ‘sandstone,
‘in beds below those containing Conocephalus and Arionellus,
"at Trempeleau, Wisconsin. Ldward Daniels, James Hall.

c “EINGULA aurora, (n.'s.) aang
~~ Description. Shell of moderate size, broadly subovate Beak
“appressed, obtusely pointed; cardinal borders strongly diverging,

-vinciosing an angle ohbout 80°, and extending a little more than
roncore| the lengthf the shell; sides sub-parallel fora short
‘odistance; front rouled; valves. very slightly convex. ‘Sur-
- face marked by ratlr strong concentric lines) of: rhurhiees Lomnfl
‘a few strie on partily exfoliated specimens.
» This species vari from the last in being five or six ‘tind esone
ane, measuring nirly three-fourths of an inch inlength»by
_.a little more than Hf jan in¢gh in width. The form is distinct
from every other sjries described from rocks of the same age.
Geological Forman and Locality. In rocks of the age of
the Potsdam sandste, Trempeleau, Wisconsin. James Hall.

sm IFER arpBosus, (n. 8.)

~ Description. Sh sears below the medium size, gibbous,
beaks slightly inc woh area less than the width of the. shell
~ below ; about eet mes as wide as high; cardinal extremities
. rounded ; foramen rge, higher than wide; valves marked by
about four simple rmded plications on each side of the mesial
elevation. Dorsalilve extremely gibbous on the umbo, regu-
larly arcuate transysely ; mesial elevation broad, flattened on
top; plications nopxtending to the beak, which is a little
“Gneurved. Ventrakalve deeper than the dorsal, but less
arcuate; mesial depssion broad and deep, rounded at bottom.
Surface of both vas (in well preserved specimens) show evi-
dence of fine radiatp striz.
This species reables S. crispus of the Niagara group in
~ New York, but is rch larger, frequently more than twice as
“Wide as that specie the mesial elevation is wider and not go
high. The specims described are all internal casts, so that
the external surfaccharacters cannot be fully given.
Geological Formon and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara gip, Racine, Wisconsin. Dr. P. ‘RK. Hoy,
TT J. Hale, James fall.

RIFER eEvpora, (n. s.)

Description. of moderate size, transversely sub-ovate,
length and vidth hree to four, valves extremely gibbous;
hinge line less thi the width of the shell below; cardinal
extremities roundedrea moderately high; foramen triangular,
rw little higher thayide. Valves marked by three to’ four
“simple; ‘strong, angy plications on each side of the mesial fold
» ‘andsinus. Dorsal |ve regularly arcuate; beak somewhat in-
vsearved; mesial folof moderate width, flattened above and
“slightly depressed isthe lower part, Ventral valve most prom-
iment near the umb(back strongly incurved over the area;

|
|
|

|

26

mesial sinus broad and deep. The minute surface characters
are unknown. : The specimens are casts.

This species bears some resemblance to: S. macropleura of
the: Lower Helderberg group, of New Y ork, but’ it is propor-
tionally more gibbous, the front more regularly rounded, the
area higher, and the ipa: not direcited so obliquely out-
wards from the beak.

Geologieal Formation and Locality. la Lienert of the age
of the Niagara group, Racine, Wisconsin. 7. J. Hale.

SPIRIFER rnconstans, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell transversely elliptical, the length a hitthe
more than half as great as the width; hinge line two-thirds as
long as the greatest width of the shell ; cardinal extremities
rounded; both valves moderately convex, marked by strong,
angular, ‘dichotomizing plications. Dorsal valve most prominent
on the umbones; mesial fold broad and simple on some speci-
meng, and on others divided into two, three, or more plications in
front; beak produced and moderately incurved. Ventral valve
larger than the dorsal; beak prominent, but little incurved;
area high; deltidium large, hight andl width nearly equal;
sinus broad and deep, simple or with two or more plications.
Entire surface marked by strong, distinct, radiating strie.
The specimens are casts of the interior and exterior,

This species may be readily distinguished from others by the
strong, angular, bifurcating plications, the number of which
vary in different individuals; some being: nearly simple, having
but four or five on each side of the mesial fold, while others
have nearly double that number on the front margin. The
number of plications on the mesial fold and sinus are subject
to the same variation.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, Racine, Wiscomsin. Dr. Hoy, 7. J.
Hale, James Hall.

TELLINOMYA InFuaTa, (an. 8.)

Description. Shell of medium size, extremely gibbous, and
inflated at the middle of the sides, abrujptly attenuate towards
the posterior end; the length a little greater than the breadth,
and the thickness a little less; the hinge line, from a little
anterior to the beak to the posterior end of the shell, is nearly
straight, the anterior end obliquely trumcate above the. middle,
the basal margin strongly and regularly rounded from the aate-

27

riortruncation to the posterior extremity of the hinge line—the
meeting of the curved lower and straight upper margin giving
@.sub-nasute extremity... Umbones prominent, very full,and
rounded, the beaks closely incurved, the apices minute. BSur-
face marked by concentric ridges, of growth parallel to the
margin of the shell. | Ty

This species has some resemblance to 7’. ventricosa, in its
form and general outline; but it is much broader in proportion
to the length, less attenuate posteriorly, the beaks are nearest
to the anterior, and the basal margin is destitute of the sinus
which exists in that species,

Length nearly. seventh-eights of aninch, hight three-fourths
of an inch. )

Geological Formation and Locality.. In limestone of the age
of the Trenton limestone; at Mineral Point, Wisconsin.

TELLINOMYA aura, (n. a.)

Deseription. Shell small, sub-triangular, with rounded basal
margin; valves depressed-convex. ‘The anterior and posterior
portions of the hinge line are nearly straight from between the
beaks to beyond the muscular impression, and stand nearly at
right angles to each other. The distance from the beaks to the
base of the shell is usually equal or nearly equal to the length.

The muscular impressions are large and moderately distinct;
the posterior one elevated on the dorsal side with a broad, low
ridge (depression on the cast) passing from near the beak to
the scar. The hinge plate is marked by from twenty to twen-
ty-five very small curved teeth on the posterior side, and from
ten to fifteen on the anterior side.

This species differs from TZ. astarteformis, (Ctenodonta?
astarteeformis, Salter, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade I,
page 27,) in the more erect beaks and in the different form of
the posterior basal margin.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Trenton limestone; Dodyeville, Wisconsin. 7. J. Hale.

TELLINOMYA VENTRICOSA, (a. s.)

Deseréption. Shell sub-rhomboidal, extremely ventricose, with
strong incurved beaks, the anterior dorsal and ventral marging
sub-parallel, the posterior and obliquely truncate, the anterior
end broadly rounded, and continuing into the basal margin;
posterior umbonal slope somewhat angular, with a slight sulcus
just anterior to it, which passes from near the beak of the
base. Surface marked by obscure concentric strie of growth.

28

Tho interior is marked’ by large, double, profoundly ‘deep
mrascular impressions; ‘the principal sedrs ‘are’ abruptly de-
pressed on the inner ‘margins, the minor ‘scars faintly marked
except on old individuals. The hinge plates are of ‘meditite
width and contain about eight or ten slightly curved teeth on
the anterior side of the beak, and from twelve to fourteen “on
the posterior side; beaks (in the cast) rather distant: “The
internal cavity of the shell is deep. Jenbe

“This species somewhat resembles 7’. contracta (Otenodonta
eontracta, Salter, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade J, pl. 8;
fig. 4 and 5); but differs in the greater proportional length,
greater breadth of the anterior end, and greater obliquity of
the posterior elope. The shell is more ventricose, the beaks
nearest to the posterior end (instead: of the anterior) andthe
muscular impressions more deeply marked. :

Geological Formation and Locality. In rocks of the age of
the Trenton limestone. group; the buff limestone, at Beloit,
Janesville and Mineral Point, Wisconsin; at Dubuque, lowa,
the Falls of St. Anthony, .and other places. |

‘Collectors. Prof. Nason, BE. Hobart. and. James Hall.
_. ,TELLINOMYA.OVATA, (nes.)

Description. Shell ventricose, sub-ovate; cardinal line straight
or ‘very little curved; anterior and. broad, obliquely truncate;
posterior end short, narrow; basal margin broad rounded, a line »
drawn from its junction with the anterior and posterior slopes
passes across the middle of the shell; beaks small, not promi-
nent, curved, directed towards the anterior end. Valves gibbous
at the anterior and attenuate at the. posterior end; the length,
breadth.and thickness of the valves when compared are seven,
six.and five. Surface of shell smooth. or marked: by a few con-
centric lines of growth of moderate strength.

This species resembles 7’. nasuta; but the beaks. are more
nearly central, and the posterior end is not produced in
the same manner. The basal line is regularly curved and does
not show the contraction on the posterior side of the middle of
the base which is observed in that species. ext’:

Geological Formation and Locality. In the' Trenton group,
(Buff limestone,) ‘Beloit, Wisconsin. ihe if:

‘Collector. Edward Daniels. : a eee

29

GENUS ‘CYPRIGARDITES, Conran; CYRTODON np:
_ .WANUXEMIA, Bruuxes; PALAZSARCA, Haun

OYPRICARDITES ROTUNDATA. (a. 8.)

Deseription, Shell sub-globose, hight and widthnearly equa!
avid thickness about four-fifths as great as the hight from beak
to’ base; beaks: slightly incurved, cardinal line curved,- front
rounded, surface smooth or marked by obscure concentric
lines of growth. The interior of the hinge plates marked by
two lateral teeth and about four oblique cardinal teeth, Ante-
rior muscular impression of moderate size, distinct; posterior
impression obscure, pallial impression very: distinct on: the
antefior end. |

Length three-fourths to one inch; greatest hight a. little
more than the length. .

Geological’ Formation and Locality. Trenton group, (Buff
limestone), Beloit; Wisconsin.

Prof. Nason, Mr. EH. Hobart, T. J. Hale, James Hall.

CYPRICARDITES NIOTA. (n. 8.)

Description. Shell broadly sub-ovate, broadest at the poste-
rior end; umbones very gibbous; beaks incurved, little elevated,
situated about one-fourth of the length of the shell from the
anterior end. Cardinal line straight or little curved; anterior,
posterior and basal margins rounded.

- Anterior muscular impression situated near to the cardinal
- line, well defined ; posterior imprint obscure. Surface of the
shell marked by concentric lines of growth.

This species differs from C. rotundata in being more oblique,
in, the straighter cardinal line, and less ventricose form. It is
intermediate between that species and (. ventricosa, from
which it differs in the less obliquity and the greater length
from beak to base.

. Length one inch and a quarter, hight one inch.

Geological. Formation and Locality. In Trenton limestone,
(Buff limestone), Beloit and Chaupierre, Wisconsin.

Prof. Nason, Mr. Hobart, T. J. Hale, Jas. Hall.

CYPRICARDITES RECTIROSTRA, (a. s.)

Description. Shell somewhat elongate-ovate, gibbous in old
specimens, young individuals moderately convex; beaks elevated,
distant, scarcely incurved; hinge line but little curved; anterior
end short, posterior end forming the greatest length of the shell;
basal margin margin making nearly a semicircular curve. In-

30
terior (as shown in casts,) with strongly marked musetlar
imprints; the anterior one having its cardinal margin exeavated
out of the hinge plate, not deeply seated, somewhat reniform;
the posterior imprint situated at near half its diameter below,
extremities of the lateral teeth irregularly oval; pallial imptes-
sions usually distinctly marked, sometimes bounded by an
elevated ridge, in casts, showing a depression in the shell,
Lateral teeth situated obliquely to the hinge line; four in num-
ber, cardinal teeth several, the precise number not determined.
cavity of the beaks deep. External surface of shell unknown.
Length from one and a quarter. inches to two inches, height
from summit of beaks to base greater than the length,

This species differs conspicuously from all others except P.
rotundata in the highly elevated and nearly straight beaks;
and from that species in the proportionally greater. distance
from the beaks to the base of the shell, and the less rounded
outline. The beaks of that species are much more curved
than in this. | ‘ :

Geological Formation and Locality. Trenton limestone group,
Sree limestone); at Janesville, Wisconsin, and near Dubuque,

owa.

Collectors Dr. Thomas Scott, T. J. Hale, James Hall.

GENUS MODIOLOPSIS, Haxz. fat oue

MODIOLOPSIS puanus, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell, small compressed, the length a little

ater than the breadth, wider posteriorly. Cardinal line
straight trom the beaks to the posterior end, having a stb-alate
appearance; somewhat narrowly rounded anteriorly, the basal
margin straight, or but little curved, except at the anterior end.
Posterior end obliquely truncate. Beaks small, but little or
not at all incurved; umbonal slope moderately prominent, and
sub-angular. In the casts, the anterior muscular impression ig
distinctly double, and well marked, the upper one situated
close to the cardinal border; the posterior impression is larger
and double, but less distinct, situated about two-thirds the dis-
tance from the beaks to the posterior margin; pallial line
entire and somewhat distinctiy marked. |

Surface marked by strong concentric lines of growth.
Length about three-fourths of an.inch. 7 |

This species resembles the MZ. subspatulatus more than any
other species known to me, but is much more oblique, has a
proportionally longer hinge line, is more alate, and the um-
bonal slope continues to the junction of the basal and posterior

Fs

margins. The truncation of the posterior end is a feature
which will at once distingsuish it from that species. ote

Geological Formation amd Ijocality. In the Trenton lime
stone group (Buff limestone); at Beloit, Wisconsin. fh

MODIOLOPSIS

Description. Shell larg;e elongate, sub-elliptical in outline ;
cardinal line very slightly curving throughout its entire length,
and reaching no more than half the distance from the beaks to
the posterior extremity of thle shell. The posterior margin
from its junction with the hinge line, is but little curved till
near the extremity of the shell, where it is abruptly rounded to
the base line, which is gently arcuate throughout its entire
length except a slight sinuositly caused by a gentle depression
extending obliquely frova the anterior side of the beaks to the
to the basal margin a little behind the beaks, anterior and nar-
row and abruptly rounded. Eseaks moderately elevated, gently
incurved and approximute, aueas about one-sixth of the en-
tire length of the shell from the anterior end; a strong rounded
or sub-angular umbonal ridge/ extends from the beaks to the
postero-basal extremity of the shell, becoming more gently
rounded as it recedes from the beaks.

Surface marked by strong opncentric undulations, parallel to
the lines of growth.

This is a large and fine species, equalling the M. modiolaris
in size, but possessing some peculiurities which makes the pro-
priety of its reference to the genus doubtful.

‘Geological Formation and Lecality. In limestone of the age
of the ‘Trenton limestone (Buff limestone), Beloit, Wisconsin.

SUPERBUS, (Nn. 8.)

GENUS AMBONYCHIA, Hanz.
AMBONYCHIA canceLtosa, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell obliquely sub-ovate in outline, with
ventricose valves, becoming compressed and attenuate towards
the extremity of the hinge line. Beaks slender, pointed and
directed forwards. Hinge line straight, a little less than the
greatest width of the shell. Anterior margin rather deeply
impressed in the upper part, and in some specimens showing
shallow sinus, making what appears to have been a byssal
opening, the lower part is regularly rounded into the basal
margin. The posterior end is somewhat squarly truncate from
the extremity of the hinge line: and gradually curving below.

Burface marked by numerous strong concentric flattened

Vee

lamellose ridges, without visible radiati
exfoliated shell. : :
On casts, the large muscular :mpresion is of a circular form,
and is situated on the posterior side of the shell at about half.
its diameter below the hinge line, leaymg a distinct depression
reaching nearly to the beak, fron its 4dvaneing with the growth
of the shell,
_ This species is easily distinguished from any other known to
mé, by its form and lamellose jurfaci, which is not strongly
ridged as in the A. undata of the Trmton limestone in New
9 ana | | os
Geological Lormation and Locasity: the Trenton limestone
group at Mineral Point, and oppesite to|Dubuque, in Wisconsin.
Collector. T. J. Hale, James Hall. | |

striz in the partially

—

AMBONYCHIA pranisrrnra, (0. s:)

_Deseription. Shell obliquely sub-ojate, with moderately.
convex valves, most.conyex a litile: antetior to the centre; the
anterior, side full and rounded, less tentricose posteriorly.
Hinge line straight, less than the greatst width of the sheil,
Anterior and posterior margins brotdly rounded.. Beaks
strong, projecting above the hinge and dightly incurved.

Surface marked by distant concentri: undulations, and by
moderately fine radiating strim, which ae flattened and have
very narrow interspaces. ?

This species differs from the preceding in the less obliquity,
of, the valves. in the shorter hinge line) and in the radiating
strize.. It/is:more nearly related to A. wbicularis, of the New.
York rocks, but is a little more oblique,less extended anteri-
orly, not so ventricose, and the radiating strive are stronger.

Geological Lormation and Locality. limestone of the age.
of the Trenton limestone of New York, at Mineral Point and
Beloit, Wisconsin.

Collector. Prof. Daniels, T. J. Hale. |
AMBONYCHIA spectra, (n. 8.) :

Description. Shell sub-quadrangular in outline with convex’
valves, hinge line straight, as long as the greatest width of the’
shell, forming a little less than a right angle with the anterior
border. Posterior slope nearly parallel with the anterior:
Basil margin strongly rounded. Beaks in the casts, smadl,
abruptly attenuate, projecting little above the hinge line.

Surface (as indicated in casts,) marked by concéentric undu-
lations only. |

This species differs from the preceding in the more quadran-
gular form and erect position of the beaks.

Geological Formation and Locality. In rocks of the age of
the Trenton limestone of New York, at Beloit, Wisconsin.

AMBONYCHIA arrenvata, (n. s.)

Description. Sheil elongate-ovate, widest below the middle;
width a little more than two-thirds the length; attenuate at
the beaks; ventricose in the middle, regularly arcuate from the
beak to the base; hinge line straight, a little more than one-
third as long as the greatest length of the shell, and very
oblique to the axis. Beaks elevated and directed forward,
obtusely pointed and incurved at their extremity. Surface
character unknown, except a few undefined concentric undu-
lations upon the casts.

This species, in form, is somewhat like A. bellastriata of the
Trenton limestone in New York; but the shell is proportion-
ately more elongated, the anterior side straighter and the um-
bones and beaks less curved forward.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the Buff limestone,
age of ‘Trenton limestone of New York, at Beloit, Wisconsin.
Collector. T. J. Hale.

GASTEROPODA.
GENUS PLEUROTOMARIA, Dz Franc.
PLEUROTOMARIA nuova, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell large, broadly sub-conical, the diameter
through the last volution equal to about four-fifths of the hight,
consisting of six volutions, which are flattened on the periphe-
ry, with a very slightly concave space upon the upper side,
extending to the suture; lower side rounded into the mode-
rately large umbilicus. the last volution large and ventricose.

Surface character unknown, except a few undefined undula-
tions near the extremity of the last volution, which are more
distinct below than above.

This species is intermediate in form, between P. subconica
and P. bicincta; resembles the first very closely in general
outline, except that the volutions are a little too convex above
the centre, and the flattening of the periphery is much great-
er than the ce carina of the species; and in casts there:

GR

o4

is @ more distinct suture line. From the latter it differs in its
much greater size, in its greater breadth in proportion to its
elevation, and in the volution being less angular above the cen-
tre, and in having a wide flattened space on the peripery, in-
stead of the narrow carina of that species.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the Buff limestone,
of the age of the Trenton limestone group of New York.

PLEUROTOMARIA nasont, (a. 8.)

Description. Shell very depressed conical, the elevation of ,
‘the spire being little more than half as great as the breadth
across the base, consisting of four or five volutions, which in-
crease very gradually from the apex. ‘The upper side of the
inner volutions somewhat rounded, becoming more flattened in
the outer ones, with a distinct depression near the outer angle
which in some specimens extends a little more than half way
from the edge of the suture. Under side obtusely rounded in-
to the umbilicus, which (Gn casts) is large and shows about
one-third the width of each of the preceding volutions.

Surface characters unknown. |

This species is somewhat related to P. lenticularis of the
Trenton limestone of New York, but the spire is much more
elevated, the volutions more distinct and more elevated one
above the other, and the lower side is more ventricose, giving
a wider periphery. .

reological Formation and Locality. Inthe “ Buff limestone”
of the age of the Trenton limestone of New York, at Beloit,
Wisconsin.

Collectors. Prof. Nason, and Mr. Hobart of Beloit, and
James Hall.

PLEUROTOMARIA waxzr, (n. 5.)

Description. Shell depressed, orbicular, the spire moderate-
ly ascending, the hight equal to a little more than two-thirds
the greatest diameter, consisting of three or four volutions,
which are somewhat rounded on the top, and expanding some-
what rapidly in size, the last one quite ventricose, and in the
cast is sub-angular on the periphery. The under side of. the
last volution is rounded from the edge into the rather large
umbilicus. Phi a weep . ib

The surface, as preserved in a mould of the exterior in the
stone, is marked on the upper side of the volution by ten or

3D.

twelve moderately strong revolving ridges, which are smaller
and more closely arranged towards the suture (where there is
a slightly depressed or flattened space.) These are crossed by
numerous less strong, closely arranged transverse striz, which
bend backwards from the suture and have a strong retial curve
on the narrow concave band of the peripery.:. | ond

Surface characters of the under side undetermined. |

This species is so entirely distinct in its form snd surface
characters from any other species yet known in our Silurian
rocks, that it can be readily distinguished. It is more nearly
allied with forms in the upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups
of New York. .

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group of New York, at Racine, Wisconsin.

Collector. T. J. Hale.

PLEUROTOMARIA 11, (n.s.)

Description. Shell depressed orbicular, moderately convex
above, and broadly umbilicate beneath, with about four volu-
tions, which are moderately convex above and gradually in-
crease in size from the apex, the outer half of the last one be-
ing more ventricose and regularly rounded on the periphery,
and into the broad umbilicus; aperture or section of volution
near it broadly ovate.

Surface characters unknown.

This species differs from the last in being less elevated, in
its more gradually increasing volutions, broader umbilicus and
absence of angularity on the periphery.

Geological Formation and Locality. in limestone, of the
age of the Niagara group, at Racine, Wisconsin.
Collector. T.J. Hale.

PLEUROTOMARIA. Hoyt, (a. s.)

Description. Shell broadly sub-conical, the spire moderate-
ly elevated, consisting of about four volutions, which are grad-
ually enlarged from the apex, the last one becoming somewhat
ventricose towards the aperture. Volutions flattened upon the
upper side, and the entire hight of each one showing above
the other; periphery somewhat flattened with a depressed band
truncating the upper angle. Lower side of volution flattened,
except the outer half of the last one, which is rounded towards
the aperture, and abruptly descending into the moderately wide
ambilicus. : | i

36

Surface finely striated on the lower side of the volution,
with a deep retial curve on the band, where the strie are
somewhat fasciculate.

This species resembles P. wmbilicata of the Trenton lime-.
stone, but the volutions are more elevated above each other,
and the upper surface is wide and flat.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the Ni-
agara group, at Racine, Wisconsin.

Collector. TT. J. Hale.

PLEUROTOMARIA srMuxg, (n. s.)

Description. Shell sub-conical; spire ascending; hight and
breadth nearly equal, consisting of four or five rounded or
sub-angular volutions, the last one ventricose, sub-angular on
the periphery, recularly rounded below with the small umbili-
cus. Aperture round.

Surface marked by a sub-angular carina a little below the
suture, and on the periphery by a moderately broad revolving
band, sharply elevated at the margins and concave in the
middle. Entire surface marked by. sharp, elevated, closely
arranged, concentric striz, which. are curved abruptly back-
wards from the suture to the revolving band, on which they
make a shallow retral curve, and below the band, have a gentle
forward curvature in passing downward to the umbilicus.
Hight a little more than one inch; width three-fourths of an
inch,

This species differs from any other known in rocks of the
lower Silurian rocks, in the form of the volutions and surface
markings.

It may be that this is a MURCHISONIA, the elevation of the
spire being greater than the width of the shell; but bse aper-
ture is too imperfect to determine it.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the shales dire the
Galena limestone, at Makoqueta creek.

GENUS MURCHISONIA, Putmrips.
MURCHISONIA Lapnami, (n. s.)

Description. Shell turritiform, robust; volutions seven or
eight, gradually increasing from the apex, rather ventricose
on the exterior, with close sutures; the upper half of the
volution. very slightly flattened, giving a scarcely perceptible.
angularity in the region of the revolving band. Section’ of
volution broadly ovate, the breadth equal to four-fifths of the
hight, and the greatest diameter on the lower third.

[? Yord

ob

Surface marked near the middle of the volution by a some-
what broad band, the margins of which are prominent; the
upper part of the volutions are marked by fine transverse
striz, which are directed gently backwards from the suture to
the revolving band. .

This species very closely resembles specimens of the JM.
Logani of the Galt limestone of Canada West, but the volu-
tions of that species are more ventricose, and the spire more
rapidly ascending. —

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, at Racine, Wisconsin.

Collector. T. J. Hale.

Dedicated to Mr. I. A. Lapham, of Milwaukee.

GENUS MACLUREA, LesEvevr.
MACLUREA BiesByl, (a. 8.)

Description. Shell thin, of medium size, discoid, consisting
of about four voliftions, with the umbilical (flat) side very
slightly depressed in the middle, and having the outer margin
of each volution slightly elevated above the inner or umbilical
margin, which, although attached to the preceding one a little
below the angle, gives a depression to the centre of the plane
by reason of the greater breadth of the outer volution. Upper
side very convex, giving an almost hemispherical outline to
this side, with a rather broad umbilical cavity, the upper mar-
gins of which are rounded.

Surface marked on the periphery by strong revolving striz,
and on the convex side by strong, closely arranged and but
little elevated striz. Diameter one to two inches.

This species differs from the M. magna, of the Chazy lime-
_ stone, in its greater depth and the more ventricose volutions.
From M. Logani, of Salter Canadian Organic Remains, Dec.
I, yol. 1, it differs in the less rapidly increasing volutions.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the
Trenton limestone group, (Buff limestone), at Mineral Point,
Fulton and Janesville, Wisconsin.

Collector. UT. J. Hale, James Hail.

GENUS ECCULIOMPHALUS, Porrnocx.
ECCULIOMPHALUS unpuratus, (n. s.)

Description. Shell consisting of one or two volutions, spi-
rally coiled, but distantly separated from each other, rapidly
inereasing in size from the apex, and of a sub-triangular or

38

ovato- triangular form, the upper side being convex and curving
to the ventral margin; the dorsum is somewhat flattened, and
the lower side sloping with'a gentle curve from the lower late-
ral angle to the ventral side, which is narrow and sharply
rounded. Along the ventral side and a little below the centre
there is a narrow, abruptly depressed groove, which extends
the entire length of the shell.

Surface of the shell marked by obscure undulations, which
are most distinct on the lower lateral angle, also on the lower
side by two or three revolving ridges. Fine transverse lines
of growth parallel to the margin of the aperture, are visible
over the greater part of the surface of the specimen, which is
essentially a cast of the interior.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the Buff limestone
of the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit, Wisconsin.

CHPHALOPODA.
GENUS. LITUITES, Brown.

LITUITES tunparvs, von occIDENTALIS, (n. s.)

In the “Buff limestone,” of Wisconsin, there occurs a
large Lituites, which has usually been referred to the
Laiuites undatas of the Black River limestone of New York.
On comparing specimens of the two together, I find several
important, differences, which could scarcely be expeeted to
happen in so well marked a species as the L.. undaia, as it oc-
curs in the New York rocks. In specimens of about the same
size, the volution of the Western one are much wider in pro-
portion from the ventral to the dorsal side, they are more flat-
tened on the sides and the back is. squarely truncated; the
New York specimens being rounded on the sides and moder-
ately flattened on the back.’ The volutions in the latter have
apparently a greater proportional jJateral diameter, and the
septa are more distant. : |

In consideration of these differences, [ have proposed to in-
dicate it as a distinct variety, which hereafter may prove to be
specifically distinct. ;

Geological Formation and Locality. In the lower part of the
“Buff limestone,” at Beloit and elsewhere, in Wisconsin.

LITUITHS roperrsont, (n. s.)

- Description. Shell discoid, consisting of three or four volu-
tions. Volutions ventricose, very slightly embracing, rounded
on the sides and somewhat flattened on the middle of the

39

back, the ventral sides being slightly concave, giving a very
obtusely quadrangular section to the volution, the lateral di-
ameter of which is a little greater than the dorso-ventral di-
ameter. |

Septa concave, numerous, these being on the back, about six
in the space equal to the lateral diameter at the same point.
Siphuncle small, situated on the back of the volution, outer
chamber very gradually expanding.

Surface marked by obscure undulating folds, which com-
mence upon the vertical side of the volution, and arching back-
wards unite with those from the opposite side in low ridges
which are bent backwards in a broad sinus upon the dorsum.
Lines of growth parallel to the undulations cover the entire
surface.

This spezies differs conspicuously from ZL. wrdatus of the
Trenton limestone of New York in the much more closely ar-
ranged septa, those of that species being less than half the
number in the same space where the diameter of the volution
is the same.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the “ Buff limestone”
of the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit, Wisconsin, and
Rockford Illinois.

PF The species is dedicated to T. D. Robertson, Esq., of Rock-
ord.

GENUS CYRTOCERAS, aoipruss.
CYRTOCERAS wuitneyt, (n. s.)

Description. Shell robust, elongate arcuate, somewhat rap-
idly tapering, laterally compressed, giving an eliptical section,
the lateral diameter being equal to three-fourths the ventral
diameter, outer chamber short, septa numerous, but little con-
cave, and exteriorly are directed forward on the dorsum, more
closely arranged towards the apex and generally becoming more
distant as the shell expands towards the aperture. On one
specimen at a point where the dorso-ventral diameter measures
three-fourths of an inch there are twelve septa in the length
of one inch on the dorsum, while in the outer part where the
diameter is less than one inch and one-fourth, there are but six
septa in the length of one inch. |

The surface of the shell is exfoliated, but there are distinc?
traces of longitudinal ridges which are situated at about three
times their diameter from each other. In another speimen
preserving a portion of the shell, fine concentric lines of growth
with more closely arranged longitudal ridges are visible.

4()

Geological Formation and Locality. In the shales above
the Galena limestone, on Makoqueta creek in Iowa, and
also on the east side of the Mississippi River, the particular
locality unknown. |

Collector. Dr. Thomas Scott, of Dubuque, Towa.

Dedicated to Prof. J. D. Whitney. |

CYRTOCERAS neLevum, {n. s.)

Description. Shell of small or medium size, very gradually
expanding from the apex and strongly curved, transverse sec-
tion circular, or sub-circular, very obtusely sub-angular on the
back in gasts, most ventricose on the ventro-lateral region.
Septa closely but not evenly arranged, averaging about nine
in a space equal to the transverse diameter of the shell, cur-
ving forward on the dersal side, their margins undulated es-
pecially towards the outer chamber where they become crowd-
ed. On the ventral side the septa have a broad advancing
curve. The exposed surface of the septa show the greatest
concavity a little on the ventral side of the centre. Siphun-
cle dorsal, comparatively large.

Surface marked by transverse, slightly undulating annula-
tions, which are strongly and abruptly curved backwards on
the dorsum. Diameter of large specimens five-eights of an
inch.

This species differs from C. lamellosum, Hall, 1847 —C.
Halleanus, D’Orbigny, 1850—C. Billingsi, Salter, 1859, (Can-
adian Organic Remains, Decade I.), not C. lamellosum of De
Verneuil, 1842, in the more gradual and equal curvature, the
much less rapid expansion, (the expansion being only one
sixteenth of an inch in a length of one inch and a quarter),
and in the position of the Siphuncle which is situated close
to the dorsal side. | ,

Geological Formation and Locality. In the “Buff limestone”
at Beloit, and forty feet above the base of the Trenton limestone
group, Platteville.

Collectors. T. J. Hale and James Hail.

CYRTOCERAS EUaIUM, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell of medium size, strongly curved and
very gradually expanding from the apex. Section oblate, very
obtusely sub-angular on the back, rounded on the sides, and
depressed convex on the ventral side, giving the form of see-
tion described, the transverse diameter of which is greater
than the dorso-ventral diameter. Septa moderately convex,

4]

gently curved forward on the dorsum, and nearly straight on
the ventrum; the greatest concavity being a little on the ven-
tral side of the centre. Seven septa measured on the back,
oceupy a space equal to the IADAKATSS diameter. Siphuncle
small, dorsal.

Surface marked by concentric lines of growth.

This species is remarkable for the oblate, obtusely triangular
section, and its very gradual depression towards the aperture,
the amount of increase in a length of one and a half inches .
being scarcely more than one-tenth of an inch. In two speci-
mens examined the septa are more distant and are not crowded
towards the aperture as in the preceding species, nor are they
bent forward on the ventral side. ‘The siphuncle is propor-
tionally smaller, and the specimens preserve no markings be-
yond the striz of growth.

The specimens are casts and imperfect, the largest one hav-
ing a diameter of three-fourths of an inch.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the “Buff limestone”
of the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit, Wisconsin.
Collectors. T. J. Hale, James Hall.

CYRTOCERAS Frosteri, (n. s.)

Description. Shell elongate arcuate, making less than a
volution, gradually tapering to the apex, sharply rounded on
the dorsum, and less abruptly on the ventral side, compressed
laterally, giving an elliptical section. Septa closely arranged,
somewhat deeply concave, strongly arched forward on the dor-
sum; the space occupied by fine septa on the back of the shell
scarcely equalling the transverse diameter at the same point.
Siphuncle near the dorsal margin.

Surface characters unknown.

There are sixteen septa in the space of an inch and a half
from the outer chamber, the last one being a little more ap-
proximate. The transverse diameter near the outer chamber
is three-fourths of an inch, and the outer chamber, which ig
preserved for the length of less than an inch, continues to have
the same gradual expansion as the septate portion.

This species differs from the C. Whatneyi in. its, more
gradual increase in size, in being less compressed laterally,
and in having the septa more regularly arranged or not in-
creasing in distance with the age of the shell. The septa are
likewise much more arched forward upon the back than in that
species. There are no evidences of longitudinal striee;on the

.

42

cast or upon the enclosing matrix as in that one, and it is only
in the general form that the two approach each other.
Dedicated to J. W. Foster, Hsq.
Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, near Chicago, Ill. Received from J.
W. Foster, Esq.

CYRTOCERAS nocuLosum, (n. s.)

Descriptian. Shell robust, somewhat rapidly increasing in
size and strongly curved, abruptly rounded on the dorsal and
ventral sides and much compressed laterally, becoming dis-
tingtly bilobate towards the outer chamber from the deep
rounded channel on each side, which is a little on the dorsal
side of the middle.

In three specimens examined, the dorso-ventral diameter is
nearly or quite twice as great as the transverse diameter in
the outer portions of the shell, while on the older parts the
the diameters are more nearly equal, and the depressions upon
the sides scarcely marked. Septa moderately concave, numer-
ous, and sometimes very muck crowded, strongly undulated
across the depressions on the sides; strongly arched forward
and produced on the back, the number ranging from sixteen to
twenty-four in the space of an inch upon the back, while on
the ventral side they are sometimes barely separated.

Position of the siphuncle and surface characters of the shell
unknown. |

This species is quite distinct. from any other known to me,
in the numerous crowded septa, and the strong depressions
along the sides, which occur in three specimens in the same
relative position. The specimens are casts in magnesian lime-
stone, and no remains of the surface markings are preserved.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Trenton group of New York, at Madison, Wisconsin.
Collector, 1. J. Hale.

CYRTOCERAS orcas, (an. s.)

Description. Shell robust, moderately curved, rapidly ex-
panding from the apex to the beginning of the outer chamber,
beyond which it is gently contracted towards the aperture.
One imperfect specimen of this species increases in its trans-
verse diameter from seven-eighths of an inch to one inch and
seven-eights in a length of two inches. The section is trans-
versely oval, the diameter being as ten to eleven and a half.
Septa moderately concave, distant, from five to six in a space

43

equal to the transverse diameter of the specimen at the same
point; having a broad, shallow, retral undulation on the dorsal
side: Siphuncle dorsal small where it passes through the
septa, and enlarging within the chambers. . x

Surface longitudinally striated. |

This species is readily recognized, and distinguished from
any others in the same association by its great expansion, and
by its distant septa, as well as in having the transverse diam-
ter greater than the dorso-ventral diameter. Length from
four to six inches or more.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, Racine, and at Waukesha, Wisconsin.
(

CYRTOCERAS parpanvm, (n. 8.)

Description Shell robust, strongly curved, moderately ex-
panding from the apex, and slightly contracting near the
aperture; transverse section broadly elliptical, the greater
diameter in a dorso-ventral diameter. Dorsal and ventral —
sides equally rounded. Septa distant, measuring ®nly four in
a ‘distance equal to their transverse diameter, deeply concave, —
and strongly arched forward on the dorsum. The siphunele of
moderate size, dorsal.

Surface apparently smooth or with only lines of growth, the
small remains of the shell showing no markings. The length
of entire individuals has been from six to eight inches.

The specimens examined are casts of imperfect individuals,
but they are so well marked as to be easily recognized.

Geological formation and locality. In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, at Waukesha, Wisconsin. }
*

GENUS ONCOCERAS, watt.

In the first volume of the Palalontology of New York, I
have proposed a separation of the forms like Cyrtoceras, when
the aperture is abruptly constricted, and the apex more ab-
ruptly tapering from the middle of the shell. Some of the
forms ‘are much like curved Gomphoceras, with a more extended
apex.’ The section is usually broadly elliptical and the
siphuncle dorsal, or on the outer side of the curve. |

The contraction towards the aperture is often extreme, and
in all individuals which I have seen, this feature is strongly
marked. The genus is at least convenient for the reference of
species of this peculiar type. ,

44
ONCOCERAS asBruptum, (n. s.)

Description. Shell small, gradually expanding from the
outer chamber, and contracted again at the aperture. Very
little curved, transversely round-oval, the greatest diameter
being in a dorso-ventral direction, the two diameters being as
seven and eight. Septa but little concave, not very distant,
there being nine in the length of three-fourths of an inch from
the outer chamber, counting on the side. Siphuncle dorsal.

Surface marked by longitudinal ridges, the remains of which
‘are preserved on the cast.

This description is drawn from two fragments, one of which
is nearly an inch and a half long, retaining eleven of the septa
and a portion of the outer chamber; but the abrupt expansion
of the shell, together with other characters, are sufficient to
distinguish it from any described species. The transverse
diameter of one fragment, where broken off, at the smaller end
is seven-sixteenths of an inch, and at a distance of three-
fourths of an inch it has increased to a diameter of seven-
eights of an inch.

From the O. constrictum, of the Trenton limestone of New
York, it differs in its more closely arranged septa, which are
- not arched forward on the dorsum as in that species, and also
in its greater proportional transverse diameter. i

Geological Formation and Locality. In the Trenton limestone
group, at Platteville, and in the same position at Beloit, Wis-
‘consin.

ONCOCERAS PLEBEIUM, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell of medium size, rapidly expanding in the
apical half, less rapidly in the middle, and again contracting
near the aperture. Transverse section ovate, the diameter as
seven to eight and a half, the longest diameter in the dorsv-
ventral direction, narrowest at the dorsum. Septa at medium
distance, there being six in a space equal to their lateral diam-
eter, little arched forward on the back, and but. moderately
concave. Siphuncle dorsal, of medium size, expanded in the
‘chambers. |

Surface unknown. |

This, species is subject to some variation in its curvature at
different stages of growth, and also in the transverse diameter,
some specimens being more compressed than others. It re-
sembles O. constrictum, of the Trenton limestone of New York,
in the unequal expansion, and in the flatness.of the septa; but
the expansion is not so’abrupt, and the transverse section, is
proportionally much narrower.

45

Geological Formation and Locality. In the Buff limestone
of the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit.
Collectors. Prof. Nason, H. Hobart T. J. Hale.

ONCOCERAS panpion, (n. s.)

Description Shell robust, strongly curved, very rapidly-
expanding to near the outer chamber, which gently decreases:
in size for nearly two-thirds of its length, and then becomes.
suddenly constricted to nearly half its former dimensions ;
broadly ovate or sub-circular, the diameter in the dorso- ventral
direction. Septa moderately distant, strongly curved forwards
on the dorsal side, the greatest concavity on the ventral side.
of the centre. Siphuncle large, dorsal.

Surface unknown.

This species most nearly resembles in form the 0. const ictum
of any species yet found in Wisconsin. ‘The differences con-
sisting in the greater proportional transverse diameter, the ab-
sence of a prominent or ventricose space on the vental side at
the point of greatest diameter, the greater concavity of the
septa, and the more sudden contraction of the aperture.

Geological Formation and Locality. In “ Buff limestone” of
the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit, Wisconsin.

ONCOCERAS rycum, (n. s.)

Shell somewhat gently curving, gradually expanding from
the middle to the outer chamber, which is marked by a broad,
deep constriction just posterior to the aperture, the margin of
which is expanded or sub-reflex. Transverse section very
broadly ovate, the diameters as nine and ten, the longest being
in the dorso-ventral direction; very obtusely snb-angular on
the back. Septa slightly concave, about a line apart, one or
two of the outer ones a little more approximate. Siphuncle
of medium size, expanded within the chambers, placed at
about its own diameter within the dorsal margin. Length of
fragments one to two inches. Entire length of larger speci-
mens, three or four inches. |

This species bears some resemblance to O. pandion in the
form of the transverse section, and the constriction near the
aperture, flut differs in the curvature of the shell, and in hav-
ing less concave septa and position of the siphuncle. |

Geological Formation and Locality. In the “Buff limestone”
of the Trenton limestone group.

46

ONCOCERAS, aLcuum, (n.s.)

Description. . Shell robust, pearly straight or but slightly
arcuate, rapidly expanding from the middle of the shell and
and swelling out more abruptly at the distance of an inch
below the outer chamber, which gradually diminishes towards
the aperture and constricted behind the margin. ‘Transverse
section elliptical, the longest diameter being as nine to twelve
and a half.. Septa about seven or eight in‘ the space of an
inch, very slightly concave. Siphuncle large, slightly inflated
between the chambers, dorso-lateral or dorsal, being on the
margin, half way between the line of the transverse and lJon-
gitudinal diameters. ,

Some remains of strong lamellose strie of growth are pre-
served on the outer chamber. Length preserved, two and a
half, inches; the greatest diameter a little more than one and
@ quarter inches.

This species is remarkable for the straightness of the shell,
and the elongate-elliptical form of the section. The position
of the siphuncle may be considered as dorsal, it being upon
the outside of the curve, the inner side of the curve and great-
est attenuation of the septa being opposite. At first sight the
position of the siphuncle appears to be due to distortion, but
the relations of the parts have not suffered, and it does not
seem possible that it could have been moved by pressure with-
out distorting the form and proportions of the parts.

Geological Formation and Locality. Inthe “Buff limestone”
of the Trenton limestone group, at Beloit, Wisconsin.

ORTHOCERAS crecarium, (n. s.)

Description. Shell of medium size, gradually expanding
from the apex; transverse section circular. Septa deeply
concave, not very distant, varying from six to nine in the
space of an inch, according to age. Siphuncle central in
young specimens, often becoming sub-central or quite excentric
im old individuals.

Surface smooth except fine concentric lines of growth.

This species somwhat resembles some specimens of O. pro-
iesforme of the Trenton limestone of New York; but it differs
in the uniformly smaller size, greater concavity of septa, and
more central siphuncle; while in that species the siphuncle is
sub-marginal.

Geological Formation and Locality. Abundant in the lower
part of the shales above the Galena limestone; at Makoqueta

47

creek, in Iowa; at Scales Mound, in Illinois; and, more rarely,
in. the beds of which this group have been penetrated, in the
mining district of Wisconsin. | |

ORTHOCERAS pLaNoconvexuM, (n..8.) |

Description. Shell of medium size, gradually expanding from
the apex towards the outer chamber, plano-convex; transverse
section semi-circular or sub-triangular, the diameters as five to
nine. The convex side is a little depressed on each side of
the middle, the opposite side nearly flat, the edges abruptly
rounded. Septa moderately concave, arching upwards on the
sides, somewhat closely arranged, about five in half an inch.
Siphuncle small, central. A specimen of the outer chamber,
apparently of this species, is a little more than two and a half
inches in length, and one inch and an eighth in width, the
short diameter being half an inch; the septa are about. one-
tenth of an inch distant.

Surface unknown.

Geological Lormation and Locality. In the Buff limestone
of the Trenton limestone group, at Mineral Point and Beloit,
Wisconsin.

GONIOCERAS occIDENTALES, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell elongate, very compressed, extremely
expanded laterally, the upper part with curved outline, beyond
the middle the edges are more nearly parallel; the length
(when entire,) having been a little less than twice the greatest
diameter. Upper and lower surfaces convex, the one twice as
convex as the other; the two diameters as one to seven; late-
ral expansions very thin. Septa deeply concave, numerous,
closely arranged, twelve to the inch in the central lobe; archin
forwards on the sides with a sharp retral curve a little within the
margin, and running backwards in a narrow extension to the
edge at a point opposite or below their junction with the
siphuncle in the central lobe. Siphuncle oblate, of medium
size where passing through the septa, expanding in the cham-
bers to more than one half the smaller diameter of the shell,
somewhat bilobate from a constriction above and below.

pou apparently smooth, or with only concentric lines of
growth.

This species differs from G. anceps, of the New York rocks,
in the less rapid and irregular lateral expansion from the apex,
in being thinner in proportion to the breadth, in the more reg-

48

larly convex sides, and in'the form of the septa, which ure
more deeply concave in the middle lobe; this part being nar-
rower in proportion to the entire breadth. In the lateral ex-
pansions or outer lobes the septa are recurved towards the
apex, and gradually approach each other towards the margin;
while in the G. anceps they make a gentle backward curve and
terminate on the edge at nearly their full width.

Geological Formation and Locality. In limestone of the age
of the Trenton group, at Platteville, Wisconsin.

GENUS THECA, Sow.
THECA PRIMORDIALIS, (n. 8.)

Description. Shell elongate, gradually tapering to.the some-
what obtusely pointed apex. Transverse section sub-trian-
gular or plano-convex, the diameters about as two to one;
length of shell about three anda half times as great as the
width of the aperture; one side very slightly convex or nearly
flat, the opposite side often regularly rounded, sometimes a
little angular along the centre. Aperture transverse, the
margin on the flat side extended and forming a semi-circular
lip; that of the convex side transverse to the axis of the shell
with sometimes a slight emargination near the middle.

Surface marked by fine lines of growth parallel to the mar-
gin of the aperture, and also on the flat side by numerous
strong undulations following the lines of growth. The shell,
where. preserved, is apparently phosphoric, having the same
texture and appearance as the Lingulee, with which it is asso-
ciated; but it is more readily decomposed. It sometimes
attains a length of one inch and a quarter.

Geological Formation and Locality, Potsdam sandstone,
Trempeleau, Wisconsin, and Chippewa River.

GENUS SERPULITES, McLnay.
SERPULITES murcwisonia, (n. s.)_

Description. Body elongate, extremely compressed, ‘very
gradually tapering to the acutely pointed apex, gently curved
throughout its entire length. Both sides (as they are im-
bedded in the sandstone,) very depressed convex, with the
aperture prolonged on the inner side of the curve, 3

Surface of both sides marked by fine transverse lines of
erowth, and by numerous strong somewhat equidistant undula-
tions, parallel to the margin of the aperture. Length of a

49

large individual two and a half inches, with a transverse diam-
eter at the aperture of three-tenths of an inch. |

The specimens of this species may have been circular when
living, as the prolongation ‘of ‘the margin of the aperture would
indicate, this not always having the same'relative position, and
the greatest extension being sometimes half way between the
inner and outer angle.’ In these specimens the curvature is
not quite as great as In those where it is marginal, which
would indicate a tubular shell flattened in a diréc¢tion oblique to
the plane of the curvature. |

Coto soi Formation and Loeality. In some dolomitic layers
of the Potsdam sandstone, at LaGrange mountain, Minnesota.

GENUS ILLAANUS, Daman.
TILLAINUS Imperator, (n. s.)

I have fragments of a large Illenus,iaf the age of the Ni-
Koay group, distinguished chiefly by, its broad, flattened candal
shield.

Description. Caudal, shield very broad, nearly flat for the
anterior half of its length; the middle lobe rising less than an
eighth of an inch above the lateral lobes: dorsal furroy, form-
ing a shallow depression which expands about one-third of the
length of the pygidium. Middle lobe of the thorax broadly
rounded and very moderately convex; lateral lobes flattened
for a space equal to half the width of the central lobe, and
thence bending backwards at an angle of about thirty degrees.

A single imperfect specimen measures across the pygidium
four and a half inches, with a length (on the curve), of three
inches. The middle lobe of the thorax is one inch and three-
fourths in width near the posterior end, and the four posterior
segments measure one inch along the middle of the axis.

Geological Formation and Locality... In limestone of the age
of the Niagara group, at Racine, Wisconsin.

Collector. T. J. Hale.

ILLAGNUS taurus, (n. s.)

Description. Ovate, distinctly trilobed; the central lobe
fully once and a half as wide as the lateral lobes. Head large,
gibbous, extremely arched; the dorsal furrows continued but
little more than one-fourth its length, distant from each other
a little more than one-third the entire width of the head; an-
terior margin straight to a point a little beyond the suture line
on each side; cheeks making a little less than one-sixth of the

4GR

50

entire width of the head, measured on the curve, the anterior
margin slightly sinuous near the suture. Eyes close to the
posterior margin, large, conical, the palpebral lobe projecting
laterally at right angles to the axis; genal angles rounded.

The thorax has ten segments, the axis regularly and moder-
ately convex, its sides gradually converging to the pygidium;
the lateral lobes have a flat space outside of the dorsal furrow,
reaching to the fulcra of the pleura, which is equal to one-third
the width of the axis; at this point the pleura bend abruptly
downwards. ‘he pygidium has less than half the area of the
head, broadly rounded on the posterior side and broadly trun-
cated laterally, almost at right angles to its anterior margin.

A single entire specimen only has been seen; and this gives
the following measurements: |

Entire length of a rolled specimen, measured on the curve,
four and a quarter inches: of this the head measures more
than two inches; its direct length being one inch and three-
eighths. The thoraxijand pygidium measure two and a half
inches; the width of the head to the extremities of the eyes,
measures two and a quarter inches.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the “Buff limestone”
of Beloit, and at Mineral Point, Wisconsin. J have also seen
the same species from Rockford, Illinois.

IT am indebted to Rev. John Murrish, of Linden, for a very
fine specimen.

GENUS CALYMENE, Darmay.

CALYMENE MamMinata, (n. s.)

Description. Form of the entire body unknown. Cephalic
shield broadly semi-elliptical, the posterior margin nearly
straight, the anterior border extended in front of the glabella
in a broadly rounded, thickened projection, which is abruptly
recurved at the margin, and marked on each side by a mam-
miliform tubercle about half way between the antero-lateral
angle of the glabella and the edge of the border. The glabella
is proportionally small, broad at base, rounded in front, lobed
at the sides by three pairs of transverse furrows; the posterior
lobes extend about one-third across the glabella, and are di-
rected backwards, forming two rather large tubercles; the two
anterior pairs are small, and extend but a short distance from
the margin of the glabella. The centre of the glabella is
prominent, the sides nearly parallel to the anterior angles,
which are slightly extended laterally ; occipital furrow distinct,
bent forward in the middle. Cheeks very prominent, giving

ol

great depth to the furrows which divide them from the glabella;-
the lateral borders thickened with a rounded margin. On the.
inside of the projecting border, in front of the glabella, there
are two large rounded tubercles, which form a conspicuous
feature.

Pygidium semi-elliptical, the central lobe or axis not very
prominent, marked by seven annulations besides the terminal
one, which is nearly as long (wide) as the three preceding,
obtusely rounded posteriorly: the lateral lobes are broad,
nearly twice the width of the central lobe at its junction with
the last thoracic segment; marked by six broad flattened ribs,
which become obsolete before reaching the margin; the ante-
rior five are divided in the middle or on the outer half of their
length, by a narrow sulcus.

Surface of the whole crust of the body, so far as seen,
covered with fine rounded papillee.

This species somewhat resembles C. diademata, Barr., but
the glabella is much narrower in front, the two anterior pairs
of lobes in the sides are much smaller, the cheeks more prom-
inent, and the projection in front of the head much more
extended; also, the two rounded tubercles, characteristic of
this species, are not possessed by that one. The pygidium is
narrower, and has one annulation more than C. diadementa.

Geological Formation and Locality. In the shales above the
Galena limestone, Makoqueta creek, twelve miles west of Du-
buque, Iowa.

Colletor. T. J. Hale. :

GENUS DALMANITES, Emerick,
DALMANITES vicinans, (n. s.)

Description. General form of body not determined. Ce-
phalic shield convex, semi-elliptical, the breadth about twice as
great as the length, (exclusive of the frontal projecttion,) the
border extended in front into a triangular flattened process,
the base of which is little less than one-half as wide as the
width of the anterior portion of the glabella. In older indi-
viduals this projection becomes more obtuse and sometimes
rounded, the lateral borders are broad, flattened, separated,
from the cheeks by a distinct groove, extended posteriorly into
spines which are equal in length to the glabela.

Glabella large depressed convex, widening in front to twice
the width of the posterior margin; divided into lobes by three
pairs of transverse furrows exclusive of the occipital furrow,
which is distinet and continuous: the two posterior furrows

a2
are distinct at the sides, but do not extend entirely. across the”
glabella except in very faint depressions; the anterior furrows -
are deep, very distinct, situated a little anterior to the eyes,
extending each about one-third across the glabella, and giving
to the frontal lobe a transver sely elliptical outline.

‘The occipital ring is narrow, ornamented on the middle b
a single, short, sharp spine, Eyes very prominent; short
reniform, containing about thirty-five vertical ranges of Tenses,
the middle ones of which have nine cach. Checks’ small,
prominent on the anterior portion; marked near the posterior
margin by a deep groove, the ‘continuation of the occipital
furrow. ‘Thoracic segments unknown. |

Pygidium somewhat elongate triangular, extended posteriorly
‘into an accute spine; central lobe or axis marked by ten or
twelve narrow rings; the lateral lobes less prominent, marked
by ten flattened ribs, which terminate in a narrow, flattened
margin; eight of these ribs are double throughout their entire
length; the posterior ones are directed obliquely backwards.

This species somewhat resembles D. limuluris, (Phacops
limuluris, Pal. N. Y., Pl. 67, fig. 1); but differs in the propor-
tionally lar ver slabella, the ‘larger and more prominent eyes,
and the extension of the anterior border; the pygidium is less
rounded on the anterior margin, the spine is more obtuse, the ©
flattened margin outside of the ribs is narrower, and the num-
ber of ribs on the lateral lobes is greater.

Geological Fyrmation and Locality. In Niagara limestone,
at Waukesha.

Collectors. I. A. Lapham, T. J. Hale, James W. Hall.

Errata.—tin this report, particularly in the first sixteen pages, will be
found many typographical and other errors, which have occurred through F
the want of a competent proof reader.

3 2044 118 667 286

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