DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. F. V. HAYDEN, Geologist-in-Charge. ACRIDIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA. BY CYRUS THOIVTAS, P»li. D. I ^ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. RKFORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE TERRITORIES F. V. HAYDEN, UXITKD 8TATKS GEOLOGIST-IN-CHAIiOE. IN FIVE VOLUMES. WASni^StGTON: GOVEKNMENT PRINTING OFFICK. 1873. VOLUME V ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. PREFATORY NOTE The present memoir, entitled "A Synopsis of the Acrididse of North America," by Professor Thomas, is offered for publication at this time with the belief that it is a substantial contribution to Natural History. It is one of the results of the author's connection with the Survey for the past four years. It forms the first part of Vol. V, which is intended to include only special papers on subjects connected with the recent Zoology and Botany of the Survey. The catalogues, with brief descriptions of the new species that are collected from year to year, will appear in the annual reports, while the more elaborate descriptions, with the illustrations of the new or little-known species, will be included in this volume. The Fishes and Reptiles will be elaborated by Professor Cope, the Botany by Professor Porter, Hemiptera by P. R. Uhler, Coleoptera by Dr. Horn, Birds by Dr. Coues, and Mammals by Professor Gill. We trust that this array of names of men so eminent in these special departments will be a sufficient guarantee for the value of this work. I beg to extend to all these gentlemen my cordial thanks for their kind co-operation. F. V. HAYDEN, United States Geologist. Office U. S. Geological Survey of Teuritories, January 10, 1873. I> ^ R T I SYNOPSIS ACRIDIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA. CYRUS THOIM^S, Ph. D, T^33LE OF CONTENTS. Page. Prefatory note by Dr. F. V. Haydon v Lotter to the geologist-in-charge 1 List of authorities 3 Pakt I. — The Acridid^s; op thk United States 7 Introduction 9 External structure and terminology 10 luternal structure ii2 Explanation of wood-cuts 27 Classification .- 29 Classification of North American genera 41 Geographical distribution of the genera and species of North American xVcridida; 42 Notes on some United States species 4C> Sj'noptical table of the United States genera 49 Descriptions of the genera and species of the United States r)3 Sub-Fam. I. — Acridiaai 5r> Divis. I. — Conocephalidcs 5G Sec. 1. — Microcerides 56 Group 1. — Proseopini 56 Sec. 2. — Macroceridos 5G Group 2. — Trjxaliul .''ifi Gen. Tryxalis 57 Gen. Mesops 59 Gen. Opomala 62 Gen. Pyrgomorpha 6() Group 3. — Trigonopterygini 70 Divis. II. — Orthocerides , 70 Gronp 4. — ffidipodiui 70 Section 1 72 Gen. Oxycoryphus 72 Gen. Chrysochraon 74 Gen. Acroloiihitus 77 Gen. Pedioscertetes 79 Gen. Stenobothrus 80 Gen. Gomphocerus 95 Section II 97 Gen. Stetheoi)hyma 98 Gen. Tragocephala 100 Gen. Tomonotus - 104 Gen. Oedipoda 108 Gen. Tropidolophus 138 Gen. Stauronotus 139 Gen. Boopedon 140 Gen. Brachypepliis 142 Group 5. — Acridini 143 Gen. Peisotettix 145 Gen. Platyphyma 154 Gen. Ommatolamiiis - 156 Gen. Caloi)tenU3 157 Gen. Chromacris 167 Gen. Acridium 168 2780 1 Page. Descriptions of tbo genera and species of the United States— Continued : Gen. Tropidacris 176 Divis. III. — Xiplioceridcs 178 Group 6.— Xipliocerini 178 Gen. Rbomalea 178 Group7.— Pliymatini 181 Sub-Fain. II.— TcttigiuiB 181 Gen. Tettis 182 Gen. Tettigidea 186 Geu. Batracbidea 189 TaKT II.— ACKIDIDJ3 OF NORTU AMERICA NOT FOUND IN THE UnITP.D STATES 192 Tiyxallni 195 Gen.Trysalis 195 Geu. Opomala 195 Gen. Icbtbydion 198 Gen. Pegasidiou 198 Gen. Spbeiruium 199 aCdipodini -• 200 Geu. Hippiscus 200 Gen. Macbajrocera 201 Gen. Osycorypbus 201 Geu. Stouobotbrus - -• 205 Gen. Stetbeopbyma ; 210 Geu. Tomouotus 211 Gen. (Edipoda 2l;i Geu. Hippopeden 218 Geu. Lei^rus 219 Acridiui 219 Geu. Dactylotum 219 Gen. Poepedetes . . . - 220 Geu. Pedies 221 Geu. Pezotettix 222 Geu. Platypbyma 223 Geu. Ommatolampis 224 Geu. Calopteuus 224 Geu. Calacris 227 Geu. Acridium 228 Geu. Lopbacris 2;i7 Geu. Monacbidium 238 Xipboceriui ■ 239 Gen. Rbomalea 239 Geu. Xipbocera 241 Tettigina; 243 Geu. Tettix ,' 243 Gen. Batracbidea 244 Gen. Cboripbyllum 244 \ddcuda and errata 247 Description o.f tbc plate 251 Glossary 253 Index 259 LETTER TO THE GEOLOGIST IN CHARGE. Washington, D. C, January 1, 1873. Dear Sir : During my connection, for the past four years, with the Geo- logical Survey of the Territories conducted under your charge, I have been enabled to collect a large number of specimens of Orthoptera, especially of Acrididge ; and having made the study of this family a specialty for several years past, I conceived the idea of preparing a monograph or synopsis of the species thereof found in the United States. Having mentioned this idea to you, I am happy to say that you heartily approved of it, and gave me all the encouragement and aid therein consistent with the other and more practical duties of the Survey. By this encouragement and aid, and the use of the name of the Survey, I have succeeded in collecting together a large number of specimens, representing not only almost all the previously-described spe- cies, but also a jiumber of new ones, most of which have been described and reported, from time to time, for publication in your annual reports; a few are herein noticed for the first time. I herewith present the result of my labors in this direction, trusting that it may prove acceptable, and that it may con- tribute something, be it ever so small, to the advancement of scientific knowl- edge. It is possible that a delay of another year would have enabled me to render it more complete and satisfactory ; but I have concludeelievc this is the most natural arrangement of the genuine Orthoptera that can be adopted, I do not consider the series as continuous throughout, but look upon the Locustidse and Gryllidte as parallel to each other, some genera of the former standing higher in the series than any of the latter, while other genera reach, perhaps, a lower point in the scale. The arrangement of the subdivisions of the Acrididse, although differing considerably in the worlds of the various authors, yet, in regard to the relative position of the groups, has been subject to much less variation. I give below some examples illustrating the method which has been adopted in reference to these subdivisions. • Linnaeus, in the 13th edition (12th reformed) of his " Systema Naturae,'' divides this family into three groups : * Head conical, longer than the thorax ; antennae ensiform AcrUJa. ** Thorax cariuated ; autennaj shorter than the thorax ; filiform Bulla. •** Tail simple ; antennae filiform Locusta. The first of these corresponds to Truxalides, the second to Acrydia, and the third to Grylli of Fabricius. Serville's arrangement is as follows : I. A pulvillus more or less distinct between the claws of the tarsi ; mouth not covered. SpoiifjiphorL A. Antennae sub-conic, not more than 8 joints, shorter than the . head, which is pyramidal or horizontal : body always apterous. . Proscopides. B. Antenme as long or longer than the head, and prothorax united, multi-articulate : a. Face more or less oblique ; antennae ensiform ; head pyr- amidal or prolonged in front Truxalides. 36 b. Face vertical : * Antennfe rarely ensiforni ; their joints distinct; ver- tex flat, triangular ; front advanced between the antenn£E in a blunt cone Conophori. ** Antenu£E filiform or setaceous ; articles indistinct ; front convex. Acridites. =. Prosternuni spined Mucronati. = =. Prosternuni unarmed Mutici. II. Pulvilli absent; mouth covered; pronotum extending over the ab- domen Tetricidites. Burmeister's arrangement cannot be shown without inserting his entire Hst of genera ; but as it is that upon which Mr. Scudder's is based, I give the entire synoptical table : I. Hind legs saltatorial ; femora enlarged at the base : A. Anterior margin of the presternum not elevated, truncate : a. Antenn;e G-7-jointed ; each sex apterous Proscopia. h. Antennae more than 8-jointed : 1. Antennaj distinctly acuminate: a. Joints of the antenn® triquetrous Truxalis. aa. Joiutsoftheantennreflat; marginsacute; presternum armed: b. Pronotum cylindrical ; median carina slightly elevated Copiocera. bb. Pronotum cristate : c. Each margin acute; each sex winged ; antennfe ensiform Xrphocera. cc. Each margin rounded ; male, winged ; female, apterous or sub-apterous ; antenna} moniliform at the apex Pampliagus. bbb. Pronotum flat ; median carina elevated Ehomalea. aaa. Joints of the antennae terete, globose, or claviform Pwcilocera. 2. Antennae not acuminate toward the apex; either filiform or clavate. 'a. Prosternum spined; mandibles and maxillae acutely dentate: b. Median carina of the pronotum much elevated ; the lateral margins rounded : c. Median carina cristate behind Monachidnim. cc. JNIedian carina cristate in front or equally elevated Acridium. bb. Median carina scarcely elevated : c. Margins of the pronotum acute : d. Face oblique Oxi/a. dd. Face vertical : Caloptenus. cc. Margins of the pronotum rounded ; no median carina Ommatolampis aa. Prosternum not spined ; mandibles not dentate ; maxillae obtusely dentate ; b. Head obtuse, perpendicular (Edijmda. bb. Head sub-acute ; face deflexed Oompliocerus. AA. Anterior margin of the prosternum elevated ; mouth covered : a. Each sex winged : b. Pulvilli between the claws of the tarsi , Ommcxeclia. bb. Pulvilli absent Tetrix. aa. Each sex apterous Batrachotetrix TI. Posterior legs scarcely saltatorial ; femora not enlarged at the base . . Pncumora. 37 The following are the larger sections of Fischer's synoptical arrangement of the European Acridii in his " Orthoptera Europasa :" I. Anterior margin of the prosternum truncate, not elevated : A. Antenna; triquetrous near the base, acute toward the apex, rarely filiform; elytra and wings present. (This includes Tryxalis, Pyrgomorpha and Opomala.) B. Anteunse depressed or sub-filiform (rarely clavate or sub-clavate at the apex) : a. Prosternum unarmed. (This includes Ghrysochraon, Oxycory- phits, Paracinema, Stenobothrus, Epaeromia, Stauronotiis, (Edipoda, SpJiinctonohts, PacJiytylus, Thrincus.) b. Prosternum with an equally elevated protuberance, not standing out free. (Includes Stetheopliymn, Pampleurus.) c. Prosternum distinctly spined. (Includes Portlietis, CucuIU- gera, Acridhim, Caloptenus, Pezotettix, and Platyphyma.) II. Anterior margin of the prosternum elevated; the mouth inclosed by ample folds as with a muffler; meso- and meta-sternum transverse, arcuate : A. Each sex winged ; pulvilli wanting •- Tettix. Mr. Scudder indicates the following arrangement of the subdivisions in the tables at the end of his " Catalogue of the Orthoptera of North America:" I , ProscopidiE. II ■ Truxalidae. ni» Conophori | Xiphocerid^- IV ( ( Pceciloceridse. V Mucronati. VI Mutici. VII -Tetricides. All of these sub-families, except the first, are represented in the North American fauna, and all, except the first and fourth, in the United States. Walker's arrangement of the Acrididas in his " Catalogue of the Der- maptera Saltatoria," is not complete ; but as it is the most extensive that has been published, I insert it, so far as it refers to the larger subdivisions which he terms " limited families :" A. Claws of the tarsi furnished with pulvilli Spongiphori. a. Antennaj C-8jointe*l Fam. 1.— Proscopidse. flfl. Antenme multi articulate : b. Head produced ; face very oblique : c. Elytra narrow Earn. L'.— Tryxalidse. cc. Elytra broad - Fam. 3.— Trigouopterygidse. bb. Face sub-oblique or erect : e. Autenn;e acuminate: d. Joints of the anteunie fiat: e. Antenna' ensiform; females winged. Pam. 4. — Xiphoceridaj. cc. Antenna- moniliform near the apex. Fam. 5. — Pamphagidae. dd. Joints of the antennae terete Fam. 0.— Phymatidae. 38 ee. AuteuiuE filiform ; joints iudistiuct : d. Prosteruum spiued Fam. 7. — Acrididie. dd. Prosternuiu unarmed Fam. 8. — CEdipodidse. B. Claws of the tarsi without pnl villi Fam. 9. — Tettigidre. Brii liner de Wattenwyl's plan, of which I have seen but a short abstract,* appears to vary considerably from all the foregoing. It may be indicated by stating that the North American genera, so far as named, would stand as follows ; the first approaching the Phasmidse and the last the Locustidse : Tryxalis, Oxycoryphus, Chrysochraon, Stenobothrus, Gomphocerus, Stau- ronotus, Stetheophyma, CEdipoda, Pyrgomorptia, Tettix, Acridium, Pezotettix, Caloptenus, Platyphyma. Why Pyrgomorpha is taken away from the vicinity of Tryxalis, and placed after Qi^dipoda, and near to Tettix, I cannot possibly imagine, and am inclined to think that Walker has made some error in his list. An examination of these different arrangements of the leading divisions of the famil}' will show us that the authors agree in selecting the same lead- ing characters by which to distinguish the principal groups. The first and most prominent of these is the strongly-marked difference between the Tettigi and the rest of the flimily. The extended pronotum, the elevated prosternuin, covered mouth, and absence of pulvilli at once mark this as a separate group in the eyes even of an unscientific observer, each of these characters being peculiar to it, and any one of them sufficient to distinguish it from the rest of the family. This, therefore, will require us to divide the family into two chief divisions, which may very ]n"opcrly be termed suh- families^ Acridin^ and Tettigin^. In the Acridinas, which is much the larger portion of the family, the prolongation of the head in front in the form of a cone or pyramid and the usually accompanying oblique face, form the chief characteristics of a large group, and as these reach the maximum in the Proscopini, and are accom- panied by a slender l>ody bearing a strong resemblance to the Phasmidse, they are therefore very properly considered as forming the connecting link with that family. So far we experience but little difficulty in our attempts to classify; but as we recede from the Phasmidte in the direction of the Locustidas, the head decreases in length, losing gradually its conical form, the face approaches the vertical position, and one after another of the accompanying characters fades * Walk. Cat. Dermap. Salt., V, Supp., 114. 39 away, while others appear so gradually that it is difficult to tix the boundaries of the groups. The connection between the Proscopini and Tryxalini is sufficiently marked to bring them into conjunction in a continuous series; but passing downward from the latter, the question arises, shall we be guided by the sub-conic front, oblique face, and slender body, or shall we select, as * ruling characters, the acuminate antennae and prosternal spine? In the former case the QCdipodini must necessarily follow Tryxalini, and then we would scarcely be justified in thrusting a group between the ffidipodini and Acri- dini ; yet Xipliocerini appears misplaced if located below either of these groups. Another difficulty, in arranging a single series, is experienced in forming the connection with the Locustidse — not that we fail to find genera in the t^YO which are sufficiently assimilated for this purpose — but, to do this the Tettigi must be tlu'own back into the middle of the family, as Walker indicates Brunner de Wattenwyl has done. Yet, any one who has studied this order must have noticed the strong resemblance between the Tettigi and Tridactyli ; and the anatomical researches of L(^on Dufour show this external similarity to be more than fancied, for he remarks, "The genus Tetrix (Tettix), founded by Latreille, appears to have been created by nature to serve as the connecting link between the Tridactyli and Acridii." It is evident, then, if we are guided by these prominent characters, we must place the Tettigi as near as possible to the Grryllidge, and that Tettiginae as a sub-family must stand below (according to the descending series I have adopted) Acridinse as a sub-family. ' . ♦ i have not had an opportunity of studying either the Trigouopterygi or Xiphocerides, and therefore hesitate to suggest an arrangement including these groups ; nevertheless, I propose the following as perhaps approximating a natural aj.-rangement of the various groups of Acridinas : I._Sub-fam. ACRIDIN^. Divis. 1. CONOCEPHALIDES. ■ Group 1. — Proscopini. Group 2. — Tryxalini. Groiq) 3. — Trigonoiiterygini. Divis. 2. — Okthocerides. Divis. 3. — Xiphocerides. Group 4. — CEdipodini. Group 6. — Xipliocerini Group 5. — Acridini. Group 1{\). — Fhymatini[\). 40 II.— Siib-fam. TETTIGINiE. Group 8. — Tettlgini. By this arrangement the second and third divisions are considered as parallel, the former connecting with the first division by the form of the head, while the latter also connects with the first division by the form of the antennae. As a matter of course, these characters are not the only affinities. By this plan the transition from Tryxcdis, through Opomala, Pt^rsomorpha, Oxycoryphus, Stenobothrus, &c., to the typical CEdipodce, is natural and gradual ; whether the same thing is true in regard to the other branch, I am unable to say. As it is necessary in a synopsis or catiilogue to form one continuous series, I shall place the groups in the order that they are numbered. As will be seen, I use the termination idee to designate the families ; irne to designate the sub-families ; and iiii for the next lower division ; this appear- ing to conform to modern usage in other departments of zoology. By adopt- ing this method, the comparative importance of the group is at once known by the termination of its name. The relations of the sub-families and groups to each other may be seen by the following somewhat artificial synoptical table : I. Anterior margin of the prosteruum truncate, not elevated; claws of the tarsi furnisbed with pulvilli ; prouotum shorter than the abdomen Sub-fam. 1. — AcridirKe. A. Antennae C-8-joiuted ; not longer than the head Group 1. — Proscopini. A A. Antenna; multi-articulate ; longer than the head: a. Head produced in front in the form of a cone or pyramid ; face very oblique ; antennaj ensiform, triquetrous : b. Elytra narrow Group 2. — Tnjxalini. lb. Elytra very broad Group 3. — Trigonopterygini. aa. Face sub-oblique or vertical : b. Antennas filiform, sub-depressed or clavate; joints in- distinct : c. Prosternum unarmed Group 4. — (Ediiwdim. ce. Prosternum spined Group 5.—Acridiiii. bb. Antenna; acuminate ; joints distinct ; front more or less advanced between the antenna^ in the form of a blunt cone : c. Joints of the a^ntennae flat _ Group G. — Xiphocerim. cc. Joints of the antenme terrete Group 7. — Plujmatini. II. Anterior margin of the prosternum elevated; claws of the tarsi without pulvilli ; prouotum extending to tip of the abdo- men Sub-fam. 2.—Tcttkfmw. A. Prosternum unarmed Group 8. — Tettlgini, 41 In this arrangement the two groups, Xiphoceridse and Panipliagidte, given by some authors are included in Xiplioccriui, as the differences between the t^^•o do not appear "sufficient to raise them to the dignity of groups ; but I confess my hack of acquaintance witli the generic forms belonging to these divisions. All of these groups, except the first, third, and seventh, have representa- tives in North America, and also in the more limited Orthopteral fauna of the United States, as will be seen hy reference to the following synoptical table of genera: Classification of North American Genera* I. — Sub-fam. AcRiDiNiE. Group 1. — Proscopini. Has no representatives iu Noitb Aiuerica. Group 2. — Tryxalini. Genera: Tryxalis, Acburuiu, 21csnps, Opomala, Ichtbydion, Pegasidiou, Spbena- rium, Pyrgoinorplia. Group 3. — Trigonopterygini. Has no representatives in Xortb America. Group 4. — CEdipodini. Genera : Hippiscus, Macbrerocera, Oxijconjplius, Chrysochraon, Acrolophltm, Pedi- osccrtetes, Stcnolothrus, Qomphocerus, Stetlieophi/ma, Tragocephala, Tomonotus, (Edipoda, Tropidolnphus, Hippopedon, Stauronotus^ Leprus, Boopedon, Bracliypeplus. Group 5. — Acridiiii. Genera: Dactylotum, Pezotettioo, Plafyphyma, Ommatolampis, Calopfenus, Pcepedetes, Pedies, Calacris, Chromacris, Acridiicm, Tropidacris, Lopbacris, Monacbidium. Group 6. — Xiphocerini. Genera : Bhomalea, Xipbocera. Group 7. — rhymatini (/). Has no representatives in Nortb America (?). II. — Sub-fam. Tettiginje. Group 8. — Tettigini. Genera : Tcttix, Tittigidea, Batrachidea, Cboripbyllum. I do not feel any great confidence in regard to the position of the follow- ing genera, named by Mr. Saussnre, as I have seen neither figure nor speci- Tbe genera in italics are represented in tbe United States fauna. 6 A 42 men of them : Achurum, Ichthydion, Hippopedon, Hippiscus, Leprus, Poepe- dates. Pcdies, Pegasidion, and Macliserocera — they are Mexican. I think, from Charpentier's figure and description of Dactylotum, that it belongs near Pezotettix, and, therefore, have placed it there. The transition from Acridini to Xipliocerini, by Lophacris and Rhomalea, would be gradual, but for the intervention of Monachidiuni; I am not acquainted with this genus, and have given it the present position at a venture. The passage to the Tettigi is abrupt, and. unless the gap is filled by newly-discovered forms, must neces- sarily remain so. GEOGEAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMER- ICAN ACRIDID^. It is somewhat difficult to determine the boundary-lines of the different North American Orthopteral districts, but the most natural appears to be- the division into seven districts, as follows : 1. British America ; 2. Eastern United States (from the west line of Missouri, or eastern border of the Great Plains, to the Atlantic coast) ; 3. The Rocky Mountain district ; 4. The Pacific coast ; • 5. Mexico ; 6. West Indies ; 7. Central America. I will, therefore, adopt this division, distinguishing between the northern and southern portions of Nos. 2 and .S l)y the letters n and s in decided cases. Distribution of the genera. Tryxalis 2s Aclinriim 5 Mesops 2,3 Opouiala 2,3,5,0,7 Ichthydiou 5 Pegasidion 5 Spbeuarium 5.G Pyrgomorpha 2s Hippiscus 5 Machffirocera 5 Oxycoryphus 3,5 Chrysochraon 1>2,3 Acrolopliitus 3 Pedioscertetes 3s Stenobotbrus 1,2,3,5,6,7 Gomphocerus 2 Stetheophyma 1,2« Tragocephala 2,3,4 Tomonotiis 3,5 Tropidolo2)biis 3 Hippopedon 5 Stnuroiiotus 3 CEdipoda 1,2,3,4,5,0,7 Leprus 5 Boupedou 3 Bracbype])lus 3,5 43 Distribution of the genera — Continued. Dactylotum 5 Fezotettix 1,2,3,4,5 Platyphyma - 3m,5 Omiiiatolaiui)is 3,5 Caloptcnus 1,2,3,4,5 Pceiiedetes 5 Pedies 5 Tettigidea Calacris 5 Batracbidea Cbromacris 2s Ohoripbyllum Acridium , . . . . 2,3,5,0,7 Total number of genera, 45. Tropidacris 2s,5,7 Lophacris 5 Monachidiuni 7 Rhoiualea 2s,5 Xipbocera 5 Tettix 1,2,3,5,6 2 2,5 6 Distiibution of species. Tryxalis brevipennis, Thos Arburum sumicbrasti, Sauss Mesops wyomingensis, Tbos cblorizans, Tbos Opoinala cariData, Tbos aptera, Scudd bracbyptera, Scudd puiictipeuuis, Serv bivittata, Serv neo-mexicana, Tbos varipes, Serv marginicollis, Serv crassipes, Walk mexicana, Sauss stenobotbroides. Walk... Ichtbydion uiexicanum, Sauss Pegasidion volitans, Sauss Spbenarium purpurascens, Cbarp . . mexicanum, Sauss, . . . Pyrgomorpba brevicoriiis. Walk . . . puuctipenuis, Tbos. . Hippiscus ocelote, Sauss Macbaerocera mexicana, Sauss Oxycorypbus obscurus, Tbos toltecus, Sauss burkbartiauus, Sauss. mexlcanus, Sauss aztecus, Sauss totonacus, Sauss zapotecus, Sauss montezuma, Sauss... tibialis, Walk Chrysocbraon viridis, Tbos conspersum, Tbos. . . •J.S 5 3 2s,5{?) 2 2rt 2(i,3tt 2s 2s,3 3s 2s 2s 5 5 7 5 5 5,G 5 2s 2s 5 ■ 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 . 2 1,2 Cbrysocbraon punctnlatum, Thos. . abdoniinalis, Tbos. . . Acrolopbitus-bii'tipes, Thos Pedioscertetes nevadensis, Tbos.. . Stenobotbrus occipitalis, Tbos coloradus, Tbos tricariuatus, Tbos . . . . admirabilis, Ubl subconspersus, Walk. speciosus, Scudd maculipenai'i, Scudd. iEqualis, Scudd biliueatus, Scudd propinquans, Scudd . . curtipeunis, Scudd.. . clavatus, Tbos occideutalis, Sauss. . . brunneus, Tlios quadriinaculatus,Tbos gracilis, Scudd pelidnus, Thos mysticus, Sauss viatoiius, Sauss gregartus, Sauss. . . . tepanecus, Sauss mexu;anus, Walk decisus, Walk arctatus. Walk viridissimus, Walk . . . nobilis, Walk Gompbocerus simplex, Scudd Stetbeopbyma liueata, Scudd gracilis, Scudd. . . platyptera, Scudd. 3» 3 3s 3 3 3 2,3 2s 2« 2,3 2» 2n 2n 2,3 3 2s 3 3 2^ 2n 5 5 6 5 5 6 7 7 5 2n 2n -[,2,1 2n 44 Distribution of species — Continued. Tragocepbala obiona, Thos liaciflca, Thos iufuscata, Harr viridifasciata, Harr. Tomonotus sulpliureus, Sauss xantliopterus, Thos . . . carinatns, Thos tcuebrosus, Thos mexicanus, Sauss nietanus, Sauss otomitus, Sauss Tropidolophus formosus, Thos Hippopedon saltator, Sauss Staurouotus elliotti, Thos OEdipoda venusta, Stal . . marmorata, Ubl costalis, Scudd wyoiningiana, Thos collaris, Scudd sequaUs, Ubl yerruculata, Scudd sordida, Burm longipeBuiSjTlios caroHua, Serv. . : . fenestrabs, Serv eup.erata, Uhl haydenii, Thos gracibs, Tbos kiowa, Tbos ciucta, Thos .... pbittei, Thos luaritima, Uhl ,. uudulata, Thos. carliugiana, Thos trifasciata, Wabc boffmanuii, Thos iicglecta, Tbos moutana, Thos . coralbpes, Hald baklemaunii, Scudd paradosa, Thos. . . rugosa, Scudd .' 2 discoidea, Serv pbcenicoptera, Germ . parviceps, Wabc atrox, Scudd pebucida, Scudd haiteusis, Sauss 3 4 2 2 2,3 o 2n 2»,3 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 2« 2s 3 3 2 l,2n 2,3 3s 2s 2rt 3 3 *> o 3 3 2« 3 3 o o 3s 2,3 3n 3 3 3 ,3,4(?) 2 2,3 4 3«,4 2« 6 CEdipoda pardaliua, Sauss suniichrasti, Sauss mexicana, Sauss tolteca, Sauss tentatrix, Walk speciosa. Walk transtrigata. Walk . . . pabidipenuis,Burm. . . Leprus elephas, Sauss Boopedou uubiluiu, Thos flavofasciatum, Thos. Bracbypeplus magnus, Girard. . virescens, Charp . Dactylotuin bicolor, Charp . . , . . Pezotettix obesa, Tbos picta, Thos glaciabs, Scudd manca, Smith borckii, Stal zimmermauuii, Sauss. . . lougicornis, Sauss nebrascensis, Thos uuicolor, Thos , edax, Sauss scudderi, UJiI borealis, Scudd dodgei, Thos septeutrioualis, Sauss. . mexicana, Sauss samichrasti, Sauss Platypbyma moutana, Thos azteca, Sauss mexicaua, Bruuii Omniatolampis vh-idis, Thos mexicaua, Sauss. . Caloptenus turubullii, Thos repletus, Walk scriptus, Walk ... bilituratus. Walk fasciatus. Walk occiden talis, Tbos. . . . punctulatus, Uhl femur-rubrum, Burm . I, spretus, Uhl grisous, Thos bivittatus, Uhl differentiabs, Thos extremus, Walk 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 3s 3 5 5 3n 3s l,2n 2w 4 2s 2s »> o 2 2s 2 l,2;i 3s 1 5 5 3m 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 2n 2,3,4(1) 1,2,3 2n '>, ^ 45 Distribution of species — Continued. Caloptenus arcticus, Walk selectus, Walk mexicauus, Walk. borealis, Fieb. .- . Pcepedetcs corallimis, Sauss. . Peilies viresceiis, Sauss Calacris pudica, Walk Chromacris colorata, Walk Acridium frontalis, Thos uniliueatum, Walk . . rubiftiuosum, Harr.. alutaceum, HaiT emarginatiim, TJhl . . ameiicauum, Dru . . . ambignum, Thos . . . - obscurum, Burin shosboue, Thos inscriptum, Thos pectoralis, Thos concoloi', Thos simulatrix, Thos . . . . diversiferuin, Thos . . cubense, Sauss toltecum, Sauss picifrons, Walk. ... vitticeps, Walk scutellare, Walk . . . . vicarium, Walk. . . . strenum, Walk varipes, Walk luridescens, Walk. . . proprium, Wallc pautherinum, Walk. o 1 5 o 5 2s 3 2» 2s 2n 2,3 2s 2s 2s 3s 6 G 5 G (?) 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 G 7 5 Acridiuin olivaceum, Serv 6 Tropidacris dux, Scudd 2s,5,7 Lopbacris velasquezii, Scudd 5 Monacbidium superbum, Stai 7 Ebomalea ceuturio, Burm 2s marci, Serv 2s eques, Barm 5 pedes, Sauss 5 pecticoruis. Walk 5 auricornis, Walk 5 Xiphocera pygmea, Sauss ... 5 inclarata. Walk 5 Tettix grauulata, Wliite l,2n ornata, Harr 2 arenosa, Burm • 2 cucullata, Burm 2 femorata, Scudd 2 triangularis, Scudd 2» rugosa, Scudd 2s oxycf pbala, Burm 2s barrissii, Pack 2re mexicana, Sauss 5 chlchimeca, Sauss 5 azteca, Sauss 5 puri)urascens, Serv G Tettigidea lateralis, Scudd 2 polymorjiba, Scudd 2 Batracbidea cristata, Scudd 2n ■ carinata, Scudd 2n tolteca, Thos 5 Choripbyllum rbombeum. Walk G plagiatum. Walk. .. 6 Total number of soecies, 227. NOTES ON SOME UNITED STATES SPECIES. It is possible that Tryxalisbrevipennis does not belong here; but, being found in a l)oftle of insects collected in Florida by Professor Glover, I have ventured to place it in our fauna. Mesops chlorizans is an extreme southern form, Florida being the only place at which it has been found in the United States It is quite probable that it is identical with Opomala mexlcana, Sauss. O. aptera, Scudd , and O. hrachyptera, Scudd., are the only northern species of the latter genus, which, as a whole, is southern. It is also worthy of notice that the northern species have the organs of flight much abbreviated or partially wanting. The species of Pyrgomorpha are southern, Tennessee being the most northern and western locality at which they have been found. Chrysocliraon extends from Canada into the Southern States and as far west as the Rocky Mountains, but C ahdominalis, Thos., is the only species that has been observed west of the plains. The genus, as a whole, appears to be northern. Acrolophilus and Pcdloscertetes are western forms, the former being con- fined chiefly to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains from the southern border of Colorado to Central Wyoming ; the latter has been found only in the southeast part of Nevada. Stenobotkrus is represented throughout the greater portion of North America; S. curt'ipcnnis, Scudd,, appears to be more widely distributed than any other species, extending from New England in the east, and Red River of the North in the central portion, south into the Southern States, and west to the Rocky Mountains. S. admirahUis, Uhl., is confined chiefly to a middle belt running west from Eastern Maryland to and even upon the plains of Kansas; it is possible* it is found in the Southern States. Stetheophyma has been observed only in the northeast and at the Red River settlements of British America. Tragocephala is not a well-defined genei;ic form ; standing between the two chief divisions of the CEdipodmii it partakes somewhat of the characters 47 of both. It extends east and west from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but its northern and southern range is not known. T. viridifasciata is common from Maine to Mississippi and from Florida to Nebraska. Tomonotus, although given here as a distinct genus, is by no means a well-defined group, some of the species approaching so near some CEdipodce that there are no generic characters by which to separate them. It is repre- sented throughout* the United States and in Mexico. The specimens of T. sulphureus, from the south (Tennessee especially), which I have examined, appear to have tlie crest of the pronotum slightly more elevated than those from more northern and western sections. T. xanthopterus and T. carinatus are probably only varieties of T. sulphureus. T. teucbrosus is widely distributed over the west, from the western line of Minnesota south to Indian Territory, west to the Rocky Mountains, along which it ranges from New Mexico to Southern Montana. The only species of Stauronotus found in the United States appears to be confined to the higher plains and plateaus of the Rocky Mountain regions. Tropidolophus is represented by the single species T. formosus, first dis- covered and named by Mr. Say. It is confined to the plains along the east base of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. CEdipoda, even as at present generically restricted, is the widest spread genus of the entire family, and to it belong the earliest geological remains of the flimily. It contains some of the most destructive species of the eastern continent ; but in North America only one species [CE atrox) is known to be migratorjp, and this is confined, in its migrations, to California. CE. Carolina, the most common and perhaps the best known species, is found everywhere throughout the United States, unless it be California; and I presume it is found there, but, so far, I have no positive evidence of it. Throughout this broad extent of comitry and the widely differing climates, it varies very little from its eastefn type, not enough to constitute a variety. If CE. corallipes, haldemannii, paradoxa, rugosa, and discoidea be con- sidered as varieties of but one species (discoidea), SiS future investigations may prove to be the case,* then it will have to be counted as one of the very com- mon and generally distributed species of this ubiquitous genus. CE. rugosa is found from New England to Dakota and south to the Potomac and Ohio ; CE. . corallipes and kaldemarinii, from Eastern Nebraska to Utah ; CE. * See my discussion of tbis question in Hayden's Geol. Surv. Territories, 1872, p. 720. 48 discoidea, throughout the Southern States ; and CE. imradoxa, from Utah norlli lo Montana. ]}oi,pedon is confined to the plains east of the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming south. Brachypeplu,<< is found from Southern Dakota to Mexico. Pezotettix obesa lias been found only at high points, 7-10,000 feet above the sea, in Southern Montana and near Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming ; P. picta, along the east base of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado south to New Mexico ; P. glacialis and manca are confined to the extreme northeast ; P. borchii to California. Platypliyma is scarcely generically distinct from Pezotettix, and should be merged into that genus. P. montana^ found at high altitudes in Southern Montana, is the only species known in the United States, but other species have been obtained in Mexico. Ommatolampis viridis, our only species of this genus, ranges from South- east Nebraska to Southern Colorado. Caloptenus is another genus that is represented in all portions of the earth. _ Although found on the great ^ilains of the West, it appears, as a general rule, to seek points of rankest vegetation. To this genus belongs our destruc- tive migratory species of the West, C. spretus, which does more injury to farmers' crops than all the rest of the tixmily combined. I have traced it north and south from Lake Winnipeg to Texas, and east and west from the. borders of Missouri and Iowa to Nevada. It does not appear to pass west of the Sierra Nevada range, l)ut more evidence on this point is needed before it can be positively stated. I am inclined to think it is not abundant in Ai'izona or New Mexico, but am not positive on this point. I have met with some stray specimens in Southern Illinois. C. femur-rubrmn is one of the most common grasshoppers in the States; is found from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and Walker says it is met with on the Pacific coast ; but I very much question the correctness of this statement; in fact, I have some doubt whether the Rocky Mountain variety belongs to this species. C. bivittatus, I believe, inhabits all parts of the United States except California ; and, although preserving the marks of identity, varies greatly in size and general color. Acridium, as a generic form, which, though well marked, is difficult to describe, appears to be southern, though represented in the North. I am not 49 acquainted with A. unilineafum, Walk. A. rubigimsum, though found in New England and as far west as Illinois, appears to be most numerous in the oak- lands from Maryland to Tennessee. A. alutaceum is a New England species, and in the West (Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska) appears to be replaced by A. emarginatum, the two being very closely allied. A. americanum is a southern species, extending as far north as Maryland and lUinois. Tropidacris dux, the giant of the family (for Scudder's T. rex is but a variety of this species), belongs to the tropics, and is included in our fauna upon the authority of Mr. Scudder that he possessed a specimen from Texas. Rho77ialea centurio {R. marci is probably but a variety of this species) is a southern form extending north in the Atlantic States to North Carolina (possibly to Virginia), and in the Mississippi Valley to Missouri. Walker's R. gigantea from Missouri is evidently R. centurio. I add here a table for the purpose of aiding in the determination of the United States genera. It is made as simple and concise as possible, and will require but little study even on the part of the youngest entomologist to un- derstand it. It is artificial, and, as a matter of course, no attempt is made in it to retain the genera in their natural order. I have endeavored in it to seize upon the most prominent distinguishing characters of the genera. Synoptical table of the United States genera. ' I. Pronotum not extending back to the tip of the abdomen ; pulvilli present between the claws of the tarsi : A. Piosternum spined: a. Pronotain strongly crested ; crest notched ; insects very large, more than three inches long T Tropidacris, aa. Pronotum not cristate; species of various sizes, but none three inches long : h. Auteuna;. acuminate ; joints distinct : c. Head produced in front ; face very oblique : d. Pronotum cylindrical ; without lateral carinas ; joints of the antenna} flat or triquetrous Mesops. dd. Pronotum somewhat compressed on the sides ; lateral carina; more or less distinct ; joints of the antenna', flat or triquetrous Opomala. cc. Head not produced; face sub-vertical; joints of the an- tenna; sub-cylindrical Bhomalea. hh. AntenniB filiform ; joints indistinct : c. Front border of the pronotum notched Ghromacris. cc. Front border of the pronotum not notched : d. Wings as long or longer than the abdomen : 7 A 50 e. Median carina of the pronotnm somewliat prominent; lateral cariniT3 absent; eyes elongate ; extremity of male abdomen not swollen AcriMum. ee. Median carina of the pronotum not prominent; lateral carinte present, distinct or obtusely rounded ; eyes not elongate ; extremity of male abdomen swollen : /. Eyes closely approximate above ; vertex sub-liexagonal ; pronotum sub-cylindrical Ommatolampis. ff. Eyes not closely approxim ate above ; vertex longitudinally channeled J lateral carinte of the pronotum sub-distinct more or less obtusely rounded Galoptenus. dd. Wings abortive or wanting : e. Prosterual spine truncated at the tip Platyphyma. ee. Prosterual spine not truncated at the tip Pezotettix. AA. Prosternum notspined; smooth or but slightly tuberculate: a. Prosternum smooth, not tuberculate : - j_^' Antennas enlarged at the base ; joints flat and distinct. ■ c. Head produced in front into an elongate cone, ascending ; face very oblique - Tryxalis. CO. Head sub-conical, not or but slightly ascending; face oblique : d. Face slightly curving inward below the vertex ; antennae distinctly ensiform, about twice the length of the head ; elytra longer than the abdomen Pi/rgomorpha. dd. Face straight; antennae somewhat ensiform, a little longer than the head ; elytra shorter th^n the abdomen . Oxycoryplms. bb. Antennae filiform or clavate; joints indistinct: c. Antennae clavate (a flat club at the tip) Gomphocerus. cc. Antennae not clavate: d. Median carina of the pronotum, whole length of the pro- notum, raised into a high, arched, and slightly denticu- late crest Tropidolophus. dd. Median carina wanting, slight, distinct, sub-cristate or cristate only on the posterior lobe : c. Vertex ascending obliquely in front of the eyes in the form of a short triangular pyramid : /. Median carina of the pronotum cristate on the posterior lobe AcrolopMtus. ff. Median carina of the pronotum slight throughout Pedioscertetes. ec. Vertex not ascending in front of the eyes : /. Posterior mai-gin of the pronotum truncate Chrysochraon. ff'. Posterior margin of the pronotum rounded or angular : fl. Elytra in the form of ovate scales ; species large, in- capable of flight Brachypeplus. gg. Elytra of the usual form : h. Vertex acuminate in front of the eyes ; head narrow : j. Face somewhat oblique, straight ; lateral foveolie of ver- tex when present linear Stenobothrus. jj. Face slightly oblique, somewhat rounded ; lateral fovejaliu . of the vertex triangular or obsolete Tragoceohnla. 51 hh. Vertex not acuminate in front of tbo eyes ; head globose : j. Vertex obtusely rounded without lateral foveolai; pro- notum sub-cylindrical Boopedon. jj. Vertex more or less obtuse, foveolate ; pronotum more or less distinctly tricarinate : Jc. Vertex very obtuse ; lateral foveolte short quadrate ; disk of the pronotum marked with a white cross Stauronotus. Tck. Vertex more or less obtuse, varied ; lateral foveolas tri- angular : I. Median carinaof the pronotum sub-cristate, slightly arcuate • on top, or straight ; not denticulate, continuous ; frontal costa, above the ocellus, slightly bi-sulcate Tomonotus. ' II. Median carina of the i)ronotum various but not sub-cris tate, generally more or less notched or interrupted ; frontal costa not bi-sulcate above the ocellus QSdipoda. aa. Prosternum obtusely tuberculate Stetheophjma. II. Pronotum extending backward to the extremity of the abdomen: A. Pronotum arched roundly Batrackidea. AA. Pronotum nearly or quite horizontal : a. Antenna} 13-14-iointed Tettix. aa. AnteuniB 22-jointed TetUgidea. ACRIDIDAE. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES, ARRANGED IN THE DESCENDING ORDER PROPOSED IN THE PRECEDING INTRODUCTION. Fam. ACRIDID^, Walk. Gryllus Bulla, Acrlda^ nniS. Locusta, Linn.; Grt/llus,Yah.; Gr i/ llkles, Zettest.: Locustidce, LeacI;.; Acrydii, Latr. ; Acrlditcs, Serv. ; Acridiodea, Burm. Anterior and middle legs equal or nearly equal in length, iiMich shorter than the posterior pair; posterior legs elongate, fitted for leaping; the femora enlarged near the base. The tarsi three-jointed; the first joint, which is usually the longest of the three, and much longer than the second, has the under side marked by two cross impressions, which give it the appearance, when seen on this side, of being composted of three pieces; the terminal or third joint is furnished with two strong claws. The elytra and wings, when in repose, rest partly horizontal on the back of the abdomen, and partly deflexed against the sides. The aniennse are shorter than the body, seldom exceeding half its length, and composed of from six to twenty-four joints; they are either filiform, flattened, or ensiform, rarely clavate. The ovipos- itor consists of four short corneous pieces, two curving upward and two curv- ing downward. Most of the species possess wings ; but in a few the«e organs are wanting. SuB-FAM. I -ACRIDIN^. Spongiphori, Serv.; Chceradotrachelia, Fieb. The anterior margin of the prosternum truncate, not elevated; the mouth free and uncovered; the face either vertical or more or less oblique (sloped under and backward toward the breast) ; the posterior extremity of the pro- notum is either truncate, rounded, or angular, and extends backward, at farth- est, but a short distance upon the base of the elytra; the tarsi are furnished with pulvilli, or little pads, between the claws. The species vary in length from half an inch to four inches. This sub-family admits three divisions, as follows: A. Head produced in front into a cone or pyramid ; face quite oblique ; antenna} triquetrous ConoccphaUdcii. A A. Head obtuse or sub-conic ; face vertical or sub oblique ; auteuuai not triquetrous : . a. Antenna- filiform or clavate OrtJioccridcs. aa. Antenn;u acuminate Xiphoccrides. 56 Divis. l.-CONOCEPHALIDES. The head produced in front in the form of a cone or pyramid; face quite oblique, generally straight; antennae enlarged near the base, and acuminate toward the apex; joints flattened or triquetrous, and distinct; the body gener- ally slender; and the posterior femora but moderately or slightly enlarged near the base. This division may be subdivided into two sections, distinguished from each other by the length of the antennae and number of joints contained:* A. Aiitenuaj shorter than the bead ; Microcerides. AA. Autennaj longer tbau the head Macrocerides. Sec. 1.— microcerides Head elongatcTConical; face very oblique, nearly horizontal; antennae conic, shorter than the head, consisting of not more than six or eight joints; contains but one group, Proscop'ini. Group l.-PROSCOPINI. Proscopldes, Serv.; Proscopidce, Scudd. There are no representatives of this group found in the United States; and up to this time none have been discovered in North America. Sec. 2.— macrocerides. Antennte longer than the head, niultiarticulate. This section contains two groups, Tri/xala/i and 2\lgonopter>jgini: A. Elytra narrow Tnj.mlini. AA. Elytra broad Trigonoptcrygini. Group 2.-TRYXAL1NI. Gryllus acrida, Linn.; Truxalides, Serv.; TruxalidcB, Scudd ; Tnjxalidce, Walk. The head produced in front in the form of a cone or pyramid; tlie face quite oblique but not horizontal; the anteunse enlarged near the base, their * The entire subfamily misht be separated into two divisions by these characters, as all except the single group I'foscDpiui have the anteinue longer than the head. s 57 joints prismatic or tlatteued, witii the lateral margins acute, distinct. The body is comparatively slender and graceful, l)ut not so linear and phasma-forin as in the preceding group; the posterior femora are not so much enlarged at the base as in the remaining portion of the sub-family, although slightly more so than in the preceding. Those who reverse the arrangement adopted here, and consider tlu' passage from the Phasinidce to the Acrldldce as ascending, find in this group some strong arguments in favor of that view, as in some respects, althougli well defined, it is more generalized than any of the following groups. Here we find the cylindrical form and elongate conical head approaching the Pro- scojj'ice, but these two characters are no longer united, at least the maximum of each is not found in any one species. Here, too, we find what might be claimed as the initial point, or point of divergence, of the two great branches of the remainder of the sub-family, the (Edipodiform and the Acridiform; starting with the smooth presternum, we continue with it through Pyrgo-. morpha, Oxycoryphus, Stenobothrus, &c., to the typical ffidipodas; on the other hand, starting at the same point with the tuberculiform prosternal spine in the Opomala, we pass through the Xiphoceridse, to the typical Acridii. This, group is represented in the United States by four genera, Tryxalis, Mesops, Opomala, and Pyrgomorpha. Synoptical table of the genera. A. Prosternum smooth, not spined : a. Head elongate-couical, ascending Tryxalis. aa. Head shorter than the pronotum, sub-pyramidal, horizontal above, or but slightly ascending. _ . ryrgomorplui. AA. Prosternum armed with a spine or tubercle : a. Pronotum cylindrical ; eyes not prominent Mesops. aa. Eyes somewhat prominent ; pronotum usnally distinctly tricarinate. Opomala. TRYXA1.IS, Chaa'p. Gryllus Acrida, Linn. ; Truxalis, Fabr. ; Troxallis, Fisch. d. W. Body elongate, slender. Head ascending obliquely in the form of an elongate cone ; face very oblique ; eyes elongate oval, very oblique, and placed well forward ; vertex elongate, broad, and more or less tricostate, the margins expanding over the antennal foveola?. Antennae as long or little longer than tile head. In-oad near the base, acuminate at the apex, triquetrous. Pro- notum short, tricarinate; sides parallel or nearly s(j ; posterior margin angled 8 A 58 or truncate. Elytra and wings usually as long as the alxlomen, sometimes abbreviated. Abdomen long and slender. Anterior legs very short and slender ; posterior legs long and slender, the femora but slightly enlarged at the base. Prosternum without spine or tubercle, narrow. Section. — Head ascending. Pronotum with the sides parallel ; anterior border sub-truncate ; posterior border truncate. Elytra and wings abbi'evi- ated. Posterior femora shorter than the abdomen. Tr. brevipennas, sp. nov. Female. — Top of the head longer than the pronotum; median carina not very distinct, obtuse, a slight sulcus along each side. Vertex broad, that in advance of the eyes abont equal to the eyes in length ; the median carina dis- tinct on this portion, slightly sulcate; each side of the margins expanding horizontally, and but slightly curved up. The entire head is elongate conical; the four carinse of the face minute and obscure. The antennae scarcely longer than the head, ensiform, triquetrous. Eyes elongate ovate, equal in length to one-third the top of the head ; rather prominent, almost horizontal. Prono- tum short, t'ricarinate, the three carinse equal ; front border obtusely rounded, and advanced somewhat upon the back part of the head; hind border trun- cate ; the anterior lateral margins as they ascend slope obliquely forward ; the posterior lateral margins curve inward, leaving a somewhat acute angle below. Elytra very short, not extending beyond the insertion of the posterior legs; naiTow, lanceolate; longitudinal nerves prominent ; not meeting above. Wings minute. Abdomen very long, sub-cylindrical, slightly carinated above; ovipositor moderately long; super-anal plate longitudinally indented or grooved. Posterior femora considerably shorter than the abdomen, slender. Color (alcoholic). — Almost uniform pale greenish-yellow — doubtless green when living — immaculate ; the antennae, vertex, and posterior femora pale rufous. Dimensions. — Length, 1.7 inches; top of the head, 0.28 inch; elytra, 0.25 inch; hind femora, 0.76 inch; hind tibiee, 0.74 inch. Florida (from Professor Glover's collection).* PI., Fig. 12. * I find this somewhat anomalous species in a bottle of Ortboptera collected by Professor T. Glover at Pilatka, Florida. Its occurrence there was certainly unexpected to me ; but he says he made the collection there in person, and most of the other speci- mens in the same bottle are well-kiiowu types of the United States fauna. The speci- mens may not be fully developed, but, judging from the ovipositor, they must be very nearly perfect. The short wiugs and short femora may require tlie formation of a new genus. f)!) iTIES©P.*!>, Sew. Body small, slender, cylindrical. Head elongate, produced in front into a cone or pyramid ; vertex generally flat and horizontal in front of the eyes ; face very oblique. Eyes not very prominent, sometimes transverse, and placed midway between the antennae and pronotum ; but in the United States spe- cies these are oblique and placed well forward. Antennae ensiform, prismatic or flattened, about as long as the head and thorax. Pronotum short, cylindri- cal ; lateral carinse obsolete ; median carina feeble. Anterior and middle legs quite short ; posterior legs long and slender, the femora but slightly en- larged at the base and slightly bent. Prosternum spined. Mesosternum and metasternum usually more or less channeled. Elytra (when present) straight, narrow, and usually shorter than the abdomen ; wings as long as the elytra. Abdomen long and cylindrical. Sub-anal plate of the male elongate and lanceolate. I have slightly modified Serville's generic description, which is controlled too much by the position of the eyes. The short anterior and middle legs, slender cylindrical body, and lanceolate sub-anal plate of the male should separate such species from Opomala. By the slight modification here made, this genus can receive those species which agree in every other respect save the position of the eyes, and thus prevent the necessity of forming several genera. M. wyomiu^en!i)i!!i, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1871. Syn., Opomala wyomingensis, Thos., Geol. Siirv. Ter. 1871, 41G. Small, slender, and cylindrical ; elytra reaching the fifth abdominal seg- ment; sub-anal plate of the male prolonged, lanceolate. Pale green, some- times tinged with red, unspotted. Female. — Frontal cone elongate, pointed, flat above, scarcely margined ; a shallow foveola each side under the lateral margin. Face very oblique, quadricarinate ; carin^e sharp, divergent, reaching the clypeus. Eyes oblong- ovate, situated near the antennae. Antennae ensiform, triquetrous. Pronotum about as long as the head, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly, cylindrical. Elytra narrow, lanceolate, reaching the fifth segment ; wings small, pellucid. Abdomen cylindrical, elongate, sliglitly enlarged toward the ap^x ; upper cor- niculi of the ovipositor scarcely exserted. Prosternal spine quite short and blunt. Mesosternum slightly furrowed longitudinally on each side. 60 Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Pale greenish-yellow, immaculate ; a bright pea-green when living. Male. — Differs from the female as follows : Much smaller and slenderer. Vertex more pointed ; slightly margined. Abdomen turned up at the apex, terminating with a sharp lanceolate extension of the last ventral segment. Antenna?, face, vertex, occiput, pronotum, posterior femora, and abdominal appendages pale carneous ; a whitish stripe extends from the lower border of the eye to the base of the middle legs. Intermediate varieties arc common. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.05 inches ; elytra, 0.52 inch ; posterior femora, 0 5 inch. $ Length, 0 78 inch. Wyoming Territory (Thomas). Figured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PI. xi, Fig. 8. M. chBoi'izans. Syn., Stenacris chlorizans, Walk., Oijt. Dermap. Salt., IV, 652. Opomala mexicana (?), Sauss., Eev. et Mag. Zool., XIII, 1861, 156. 3Iale. — Very similar in form and size to Opomala fasciculata, Charp. Vertex very narrow between the eyes ; suddenly expanding in advance of these, triangular in front, the part in advance of the eyes is horizontal and slightly rugulose, the part between the eyes roundly deflexed, thus forming a kind of transverse indentation between the two . parts. The face very oblique ; the frontal costa prominent between the antenna?, but below this deeply sulcate, forming two slender but not prominent carinse ; lateral carinse minute. Antennis slightly enlarged near the base, not much flattened, minutely and thickly punctate throughout — but a moderate magnifier is required to see these distinctly — about as long as the head and thorax. Pro- notum cylindrical, without carinse, thickly punctate ; the three transverse impressions somewhat distinct, the second is situated about the middle of the pronotum ; posterior lobe obtusely rounded ; sides of the mesothorax and metathorax thickly punctured. Elytra very narrow, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen, slightly curved up at the apex ; wings a little shorter than the elytra. Posterior femora much shorter than the elytra, and a little shorter than the abdomen ; the disk convex ; the pinnae and median sulcus almost obliterated; terminal joint of the posterior tarsi very long and slender. Super-anal plate subquadrate, with a Hat, blunt tooth at the apex; sub-anal plate ver}' long, with a j^mall tootli each si(l(' at ll)e ap(;x, and tlie middle prolongation soniewliat spatulale in form, with the sides curved or rolled upward. Pectus concave. Color (alcoholic) — Uniform pale greenish-yellow; doubtless green when living. Tips of the antennae fuscous ; tips of the spines of the posterior tibia? piceous. Dimensions. — Length, 1.1 inches ; elytra, 0.9 inch ; posterior femora, 0.5 inch. Florida (Glover). ' Saint John's Blufl', E. Florida (Walker). Walker (/. c.) places this in " Group 2 " of his genus Sfenacris, whicii he locates— probably on account of the form of the autenuse — among the Acri- didre proper. The following are the characters given of this group : " Body very slender, nearly cylindrical. Head smooth, elongate ; ti]i of the vertex flat, prominent, conical ; front (face) much retracted ; keels slight; inner keels converging near the face ; outer keels diverging. Eyes elliptical, oblique, not prominent. Antennae slender, slightly flattened, a little longer than the head and prothorax together. Prothorax finely scabrous, hardly widening hindward ; keel hardly perceptible ; transverse impressed lines very slight ; fore border and hind part of each side sliglitly rounded ; hind border more rounded. Prosternal spine slender, slightly compressed and oblique, rounded at the tip. Legs long, slender ; spines of the hind tibiae short. Fore wings very narrow, as long as the body." His specific description is as follows : "Male. — Testaceous green. Head and prothorax with a whitish-green stripe on each side. Eyes livid. Antennae tawny. Wings pellucid. Fore wings with green veins. Veins of the hind wings black, glaucous toward the base and along the interior border. Length of the body, 10 (?) lines ; expansion of the fore wings, 24 lines.'' Notwithstanding, the slight differences between the specimen I have described and this description, I am satisfied it belongs to Walker's species. It is also quite possible that they belong to Opuniala mexicana, Sauss. (Rev. et Mag. Zool., XHI, 1861, 156), as they agree very closely with that species; but it appears rather strange that Saussure should have overlooked the pecu- liarity of the vertex and anal plates, unless his specimens were females ; if they were, this may account for the diflference in size, my specimen, and Walker's also, being mu,ch smaller than the "measurement he has given. 62 OPOTflAIiA, Erichs. Opsomala, Serv.; XijMcera, Perty. Head pyramidal ; face very oblique, with four carinee more or less dis- tinct. Antennae reaching the apex of the pronotum, more or . less enlai'ged near the base ; the joints prismatic. Eyes somewhat prominent, oblique, placed near the front and close to the antennae. Pronotum usually tricarinate, sometimes sub-cylindrical and the carinae sub-obliterated ; sides straight, par- allel or nearly so, truncate in front, truncate or obtusely rounded behind; transverse impressions generally indistinct. Elytra straight, lanceolate, some- times reaching to tip of the abdomen, sometimes abbreviated Prosternum furnished with a short, obtuse spine. Anterior and middle legs short; pos- terior generally long and slender. Synoptical table of the species. A. Apterous carinata. A A. Elytra present : a. Elytra much shorter than the abdomen : 1). Wings wanting - aptera. hh. Wings jiresent, but minute hrachypfera. aa. Elytra as long or very nearly as long as the abdomen : b. Elytra marked with spots punctipennis. hh. Elytra without spots : c. Pronotum and head with a brown stripe each side : d. Vertex short, obtuse; lateral carinae of the pronotum in- distinct hivittata. dd. Vertex long, somewhat pointed; lateral carinae of the pro- notum distinct -. neo-niexicana. cc. Stripes on the sides yellow or absent : d. Elytra opaque, uniform green ; cone of the vertex long, pointed - - varipes. dd. Elytra semitransparent, grayish-green ; cone obtuse tnarginicollis. O. carinata. " Syn., Mesops carinatus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 501. Female. — Piceous, apterous. Head and pronotum with three carinae. Head longer than the thorax ; the part in front of the eyes shorter than that behind them, rounded and not attenuated on the fore border ; front with two carina3, which diverge toward the face. Eyes fusiform, flat, hardly oblique Antennas lanceolate, slightly dilated, nearly as long as the head and thorax. Pronotum longitudinally and very slightly rugulose, truncate in front and at 63 the apex. Prosternum furnished with a transverse ridge. Sheaths of the oviduct lanceolate. Legs slender. • . Dimensions. — Length, 1.4 inclies. United States (Walker). Walker places this species with doubt in Mesops, but the tricarinate pronotuni certainly forbids it a place in that genus, notwithstanding the other characters. I have, therefore, ventured to remove it to Opomala, although I have seen no specimens. ©. aptera, Scudd., Proc. Am. Ent. Soc, iP 305. Female. — Prolongation of the vertex equals the lengtli of the eye; sides parallel; front rounded. Carinse of the pronotuni distinct, rather sharp. Elytra slender, lanceolate, nearly abortive. Wings wanting. Color. — Head streaked with reddish testaceous and dull yellowish; ujiper edge of the clypeus bordered with vvhitish; labrum and clypeus dotted with fuscous; joints of the palpi blackish at base; antennae brown. Pro- notuni, abdomen, and appendages brownish. Ditnensions. — Length, 1.4 inches ; antennse, 0.3 inch; posterior femora, 0.6 inch; elytra, 0.25 inch. Pennsylvania (Scudder). O. bra€hys»tera, '■ Scudd., Best. Jour. Nat. His., VII, 454. Vertex triangular; margins elevated ; a median carina. Face, with the four caiinse distinct, divergent below, reaching the clypeus. Antennse scarcely reaching the apex of the pronotuni. Sides and carinse of the pronotuni parallel; posterior transverse impression distinct. Elytra about half as long as the abdomen; wings very short. Abdomen slender, slightly keeled above. Prosternal spine only a blunt protuberance. Color. — Brown; dotted faintly above with black. A faint dark stripe extending from the lower border of each eye along the side of the pronotum. Hind femora with a row of black dots on the upper edge; terminal lobe * This specific nfline has been used some two or three times in this genus. Acri- (Uum brachi/pter^m, Haan (Ve.rz. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Ind. Bez. Ins., 1.50), has been trans- ferred by Walker to this genus with this name, but Scudder's name, being the oldest, talses precedence. I think Schaurn (?) has described a species from Madagascar under this name, but I have no means of reference at present at hand to confirm this opinion or ascertain the date. See also Gerst. Arch. Naturg., XXXV, 21G. 64 dark. Spines tijjped with black. The female is more uniformly brown than the male, with numerous minute dusky dots; the elytra and wings shorter than in the male. Dimensions. — Length, 9 1.15 inches; ^1.05 inches; hind femora, 0.52 inch. Massachusetts (Scudder); Eastern Wyoming (Thomas). €>• punctlpeianli^i, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 590. Syn., Aeridium piinctipenne (?), De Haan, Bijdr. Kcnu. Ortbop., 144. Female. — Cone of the vertex short; sides margined ; round and obtuse at the point; occiput flat. Disk af the pronotum flat, feebly tricarinate. Elytra and wings as long as the abdomen. Color. — Yellowish-green. Head green; on each side of the occiput a longitudinal yellow stripe. Elytra opaque at base, remainder semi-transpa- rent; internal margin grayish; there is a series of unequal fuscous dots along the disk, those near the apex becoming paler. Wings transparent with a yellowish tinge. Legs yellowish green. Dimensions.— \iQ,\\^i\\ 1.25 inches. North America (Serville) ; Carolina (De Haan). O. MrittaSa, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 589. Syn., Aeridium hivittatum (?), De Haan,. Bijdr. Kenu. Orthop., 143. Female. — Face tricarinate; carinse prominent; the median sulcate but scarcely double. Vertex rather short, round, and slightly margined in front, scarcely as long as broad. Pronotum slightly contracted in the middle; lateral carinse indistinct, median distinct. Prosternal point short, tuberculi- form. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen. Color. — Yellowish-green; often tinged with reddish-brown. Behind each eye starts a dark-brown or black stripe, which reaches the posterior border of the pronotum. Elytra opaque from the base to the middle, trans- parent beyond, tinged with brown; the tirst half of the internal margin has a longitudinal greenish stripe, and a similar stripe near the anterior margin, but not reaching quite half the length of the elytra. Wings transparent; nerves and nervules of the apical half dark. Legs greenish; the femora striped above with reddish-brown. 65 Dimensions. — Length to tip of elytra, 1.50 to 1.65 inches; posterior femora, 1 inch; posterior tibise, 0.95 inch; elytra, 1.08 inch. Carolina (De Haan); North America (Serville) ; Florida (Walker); Nebraska (Sciidder in Hayden's Report); 'Kansas (Dodge); Nebraska and Kansas (Thomas). Figured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PL vi. Fig. 24; PL xi, Fig. 7. ®. neo-iuexicana, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1870, 77. Female. — Vertex elongate, semi-elliptical, slightly margined. Face more oblique than in O. hnnttata, and head longer; tricarinate ; the frontal costa sulcate. Antennae ensiform, triquetrous, reaching tip of the pronotum. Pro- notum distinctly tricarinate; carina equal, straight, parallel. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen. Prosternal spine short and very obtuse. Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Face yellow, dotted with red, paler below; a broad, roseate stripe on the occiput bordered with yellow. A reddish-brown stripe on each side from the eye to the posterior margin of the pronotum; median carina, same color; rest of the pronotum yellow. Elytra semi-pellucid; base and stripe along the dorsal sub-margin roseate. Wings transparent ; nerves mostly ochreous, a few near the apex dusky. Legs pale rufous ; femora reddish above, yellow beneath ; spines tipped with black. Male. — Much smaller; last ventral segment elongate, pyramidal, entire; the opening on the upper surface. Median stripe of the dorsum broader than in the female. This species is much like O. bivittata, possibly a variety. Dimensions. — Length, 9 1.62 inches; to tip of elytra, 1.50 inches; posterior femora, 0.88 inch. Length, $ 1.25 inches. Northeastern New Mexico, Wyoming (Thomas). ©. varipes, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 588. Syn., Acridium varipes (?), De Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orthop., 144. Cone of the vertex long and pointed ; face carined. Pronotum cha- grined, tricarinate ; four distinct transverse impressions. Prosternal point large. Antennae ensiform. Color. — Head greenisb ; lateral carinas of the face yellow. Pronotum greenish, margined with yellow. Prosternal point yellowish. Elytra opaque, 9 A 6o a uniform green ; nerves prominent ; wings transparent, somewhat clouded. Abdomen of a yellowish green. Anterior and middle legs green ; the femora yellowish beneath ; posterior femora green, yellow beneath ; posterior tibia3 reddish at base and apex, yellowish in the middle, the spines corre- sponding in color with the parts; first two joints of the posterior tarsi reddish, last green. Dimensions. — Length, 2.25 inches. North America (Serville); Carolina (De Haan). ©. inar^iiiicollis, Serv , Hist. Orthop., 591. Syn., Acridiwn marginicolle (?), De Haau, Bijdr. K«nu. Orthop., 143. Female. — -Cone of th"e vertex o1)tuse ; eyes oblong, straight. Disk of the pronotum punctured ; carinse indistinct. Elytra straight, lanceolate; apex pointed, long as the abdomen. Wings as long as the elytra. Antennse somewhat ensiform. Color. — Head and Ijody of a grayish-green. A yellow stripe extends from the lower border of the eye across the sides of the pronotum to its posterior extremity. Elytra semi-transparent, grayish ; wings pellucid. Legs the color of the body. Male. — Much smaller than the female. Dimensions. — Length, 2 L25 inches; ,j 1 inch. North America (Serville); Tennessee (De Haan). PYR«OI?IOKFIIA, Fisch. Head rather short, sub-conic ; occiput short ; vertex slightly produced in front of the eyes, carinated each side. Eyes oljlong, usually equally removed from the tip of the vertex and the pronotum, oblitpie. The fixce seen from the side curves slightly inward below the vertex ; frontal costa narrow to the ocellus, wider and sulcate below ; lateral caringe sinuate or curved. Antennse about twice the length of the head, 18-20 joints, from the third to the ninth sub- triquetrous. Pronctum tricarinate or sub-tricarinate ; sides straight or slightly converging anteriorly ; the transverse incisions more or less distinct ; truncate ill front ; apex rounded or olituse-anglcd ; longer than the dorsum of the head. Prostcrnum tiansverse, unarmed ; pectus as Ijiond as the head. Elytra and wings present. The four anterior tibite shorter than the femora, sub- 67 silicate ill front. " Posterior femora not longer Uiaii the abdomen ; but slightly pinnafe; moderately dilated at the base; attenuate toward the apex. This genus ^vas first given by Serville as a sub-genus of Tryxalis, who separated it by the following characters : "Head slightly elevated; eyes approach the anterior border of the pronotum. Antennas not so long; their joints slightly enlarged. Pronotuin without prominent carinre. Species of small size." P. brevicornis, Walk., Cat. Dcrniap. Salt., Ill, 500. Syn., Gryllus (Acrida) brericornis, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., II, G92. — Cent. Ins. Ear., 15. — Amceu. Acad., VI, 398. Truxalis brevicornis, Fabr., Eut. Syst., II, 27. — Thuub. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 264.— IS^ov. Act. Upsal., IX, 84. viriduhin,* Pal. Beauv. Ins. Ortb., 81, PI. 3, Fig. 4. notoclorns, Pal. Beauv. Ins. Ortb., 80, PI. 3, Pig. 3. Acridium cnslcorne (!), De Geer, Ins., 3, ]i. 400, No. 16, PI. 42, Fig. 7. As I have seen no specimen of this species, and only the figures of Palisot. Beauv., and a figure in Professor Glover's plates, supposed to be of this .species, I have concluded to give the short descriptions of the older authors, no description having been published by any recent authority : Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., ed. Gmelin, torn. 1, pars IV, No. 205G) describes it thus, under the following division : " Antennae ensiform ; head conical, longer than the thorax." "Acridae or Truxalides, Fabric! us." " G. hrevicornis. — Green ; head somewhat prominent ; antennae com- pressed, longer than the thorax. America meridionali." In Aiuoen. Acad., VI, 398, the Ibllowing is added : "Similar to iiJMro/;as/.s. Head sub-conic in front, but not prominent." Thunberg, M(^m. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 264 : ' Truxalis brevicornis, green, unspotted ; thorax convex, very sliglitly costate; on each side a crenate line along the head and thorax. Antennae depressed, linear. Hemelytra passing the abdomen one-third their length ; wings hyaline, scarcely an inch long. Habitat, East and West Indies. T. brevicornis, Fabr., Ent. Syst, 2, p. •27." In Nov. Act. Upsal., IX, 84, the description is the same ; l:»ut her(! he gives the following synonyms: " Gryllus brev'xorms, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 8, p. 692. * Walker's quotation of De Geer under tbis name is an error. 68 "Jcridiu/)i emicorne, De Geer, lus., toin. 3, p. 499, Tab.'42, Fig. 7. " TruxaUs brevicornis, Fabr, Syst. Ent., p. 279; Ent. Syst., II, p. 27;'' and adds as habitats, "America meridionali and Africa." De Geer (Ins., 3, p. 499, No. 16) gives the following, description : " Acrydium (ensicornu). Green ; head conic ; antennae compressed ; wings hyaline. " Gryllus acrida {brevicornis). Head prominent, green ; antennae com- pressed, long as the thorax, Linn., Syst., ed. 12, p. 692, No. 2. Received from Pennsylvania by M. Acrelius. It is of medium size, about sixteen lines in length ; the elytra a little longer than the abdomen. The head is elongate and conical above. Hat in front, in an oblique plane, so that the mouth appears as though hid under the prothorax. The eyes and the antennae are placed at the highest point of the conic part of the head. Tlie antennae, which are as long as the head and thorax, are flat and enlarged at the base, but acuminate at the apex; the eyes large, oval. The dorsum of the pronotum forms a continuous plane with the head; has three slightly elevated carinee. The elytra are straight ; and the posterior femora are of the same length as the abdomen.'' Pal. Beauvois, Ins. Orth., 80, PI. iii. Fig. 3 : ''TruxaUs notochlorus. — Fuscous; head conical; antennae longer than the thorax ; head, thorax, elytra, and the wings above green ; wings below pale yellowish; posterior femora longer than the abdomen. Saint Domingo, in the humid savannas. This species is remarkable for the color of the back, which is entirely green." " TruxaUs viridulus (p. 81, PI. iii. Fig. 4). — Head conic ; elytra green above ; sides spotted with fuscous ; head and thorax pale green ; wings yel- lowish ; antennae shorter than the thorax ; posterior femora a little longer than the abdomen. Same country as the former. It is possible that this species is the female of the preceding."* P. punctipenuis, sp. nov. Female. — Vertex slightly ascending, nearly in the same plane as the dorsum of the pronotum, rounded in front; margins slightly raised; no lateral foveolae ; the advance in front of the eyes not quite equal to the length of the eye ; a very slight median carina. Face quite oblique ; seen from the side, curves slightly inward Ix-lnw the vertex; regularly widening from Ihe apex of the eyes ' The tiguies appear to couflrm this opiniou. 69 downward, rounded transversely; the caringe generally slight and o1)(hsc, bnt sometimes slightly prominent; frontal costa slightly prominent between the antennae, but not prominent below, gradually expanding below, more or less sul- cate ; lateral carinae more or less distinct, nearly straight, reaching the corners of the face. Antennse about as long as the head and pronotum, enlarged and flattened at the base, acuminate at the apex, triquetrous. Eyes oblong ovate, oblique, and placed w^ell forward near the antennse. Pi'onotum a little longer than the head, truncate in front; hind border very obtusely angled; sides flat, perpendicular, straight and very near or quite parallel; tricarinate, the three car- inse about equal, distinct, but not pi-ominent, straight, paj-allel ; posterior trans- verse incision situated a little behind the middle, bends forward in the middle, and cuts the median carina; the two anterior incisions sub-obsolete; the poste- rior margin of the side somewhat regularly though slightly curved inward, tlie lower posterior angle being sub-acute. Elytra and wings pass the posterior femora, and are about as long as the abdomen ; the former are narrow and obliquely truncate at the apex. Abdomen sub-cylindrical, elongate, slightly enlarged at the apex ; the upper valves of the ovipositor unusually long and exserted. Posterior femora shorter than the abdomen, not reaching the ex- tremity of the elytra, slender, being but slightly enlarged at the base. Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Some specimens pale greenish-yel- low, evidently green when living ; others with a rufous tinge or shade per- vading the whole surface and almost obliterating the green ; the latter variety is generally a little smaller and the head and vertex slightly more ascending than in the other variety. The lateral carinse of the pronotum and a narrow stripe immediately below them brown. Antennse, anterior legs (sometimes the middle ones also), the inside and upper portion of the posterior femora, and posterior tibiae rufous. The face, sides of the thorax, and posterior legs are all bright rufous. Elytra semi-transparent, with fuscous dots along the disk, forming a single row along the basal third, but scattered over the apical portion. Wings pellucid, tinged with yellowish at the base; nerves of the anterior portion roseate in the green variety, somewhat dusky in red variety. Dimensions. — Length, l.T.'i inches; elytra, 1.25 inches; hind femora, 0.75 inch ; hind tibiae 0.7 inch. East Tennessee (Thomas). Remark. — This appears to be a distinct species, although it approaches some of the descriptions of P. hrevicornis, especially the Tr. mridulus, Pal. Beauv 70 Group 3.-TRIGONOPTERYGINI. Trigonopterygidce,, Walk. This group is distinguished from the preceding by its broad elytra, ll has no representatives in North America. Divis. II.-ORTHOCERIDES. In this division tlie head is obtuse or sub-conic ; where it approaches the conical or ])yramidal form it is generally less distinct than in the prece- ding division, and such species are separated from that division l)y the form of the antennae. The face is sub-oblique or vertical ; therefore, the term "oblique," when applied to species or genera of this division, is to be under- stood as limited, and as compai'ed with the vertical face. The antennae are generally filiform, the joints cylindrical, or slightly flattened and indistinct ; in a few species they are slightly enlarged near the base ; and in a few instances clavate. In the United States Acrididae the genus Oxycoryplms appears to form the connecting link between (his and the previous division, the shape of the head and form of the antennae making it somewhat difhcult to determine in which it should be placed. This division is distinguished from the Xiphocer'ules chiefly by the form of the antennae. It embraces that portion of the family included by Serville under "■' Acrid'ites propric dicti;" and contains but two groups, CEdipodini and Acridini A. Prosteniuiu smooth or but slightly tuberculate (Edipodini. AA. Prosternum' armed with a spine Acridini. Group 4.-CEDIP0DINI. Mutici, Serv., Scudd ; CEd'qwdidce, Walk. This group is distinguished by the vertical or sub-vertical face ; filiform antennae with indistinct joints ; and absence of a prosternal spine, the presternum being either smooth or (in one genus only — Stetlieophyma) slightly tuberculate. Tiiere are some apparent variations from these characters, which 71 render it somewhat difficult to locate some of the genera; /or example, Oxijcoryphus, Clinj.toc]t}Xion,anA most of the species of Stenohollirus have the face somewhat oblique, and in general appearance approach Opomala and Pyrgomorpha; but tVoni the former they are at once distinguished by the absence of the prosternal spine, and from the latter by the less oblique and straight or sub-convex face and by Ihe form of the antennae; Ijut in regard to the last character, the distinction between Pyrgomorpha and Oxycoryphiis is slight. In the slo]>e and shape of the head and form of the thorax, Cliryso- cJraon makes the nearest approach (of the United States genera) to Pyrgomorplia; the Stenohothri in general appearance approach Opomala. The following are the United States genera belonging to this group, placed in what I conceive to be their natural order, considered as descending. It will be observed that I take the diminishing obliquity of the face and increasing convexity of the vertex as my chief guides in this arrangement: Oxycoryphus, Chrysochraon. Acrolophitus, Pedioscertetes, Stenobothnis, Gomphocerus, Stetheophyma, Tragocephala, Tomonotus, ffidipoda, Tropido- lophus, Staurouotus, Boiipedon, Brachypeplus. This group admits of two tolerably well-marked sections, depending chiefly upon the direction of the face and form of the pronotum. In order to aid, as far as possible, in locating species in the genera to which they belong, I add the following table of the genera of this group, which gives the charactei's a little more fully than in the general table which • stands at the commencement of the family, and which is somewhat differ- ently arranged : Synoptical table of the genera. A. Prosternuin smootli, uot tubereulate : a. Vertex asceudiug iu front of the eyes iu the form of a coue or triaDgular pyramid, pointing obliquely forward and upward : h. Median carina of tbe pronotum minute on the anterior and mid- dle lobes, but elevated into au arcuate crest on the posterior lobe Acrolophitus. hh. Median carina of the pronotum minute throughout ; no part elevated Pedioscertetes. an. Vertex horizontal or deflexed : h. Face oblique, straight : c. Hind border of the pronotum truncated . Chrysochraon. cc. Hind border of the pronotum produced into an obtuse or acute angle : d. Anteiuitx? very short, scarcely longer than the head, somewhat enlarged and flattened near the base O-njeoryphus. o (1(1 Anteuuie tilironn or clavate, medium Iciigtb ; vertex generally (but not always) with lateral foveolte, wLicL are linear : e. Auteunas clavate (a Hat club at the apex) Gomphocerm ee. Antennae filiform, not clubbed at the apex Stenubothrus. bb. Face vertical, or nearly so : c. Head and body compressed on the sides, narrow ; vertex acumi- nate in front; lateral foveohe sub-distinct or obsolete; face some- what oblique or curved Trayocephala. cc. Head globose, not comijressed ; vertex not acuminate in front ; face vertical : d. Median carina of the prouotum elevated into a high arcuate and slightly denticulate crest ; no lateral carince TropuMoijlius. dd. Median carina of the pronotum sub-cristate, slightly arcuate or nearly straight, not denticulate ; lateral carina; wanting on the anterior, and acute or sub-acute on the posterior, lobe Tomonotus. ddd. Median carina of the pronotum only a raised line, or but slightly elevated : e. Vertex without lateral foveolae : / Pronotum sub-cylindrical, without lateral cariute ; elytra shorter than the abdomen, but not in the form of scales Boopedon. ff. Pronotum with the disk flat, distinctly tricarinate ; carinae entire ; elytra in the form of scales ; insects unable to fly Brachypcplus. ee. Vertex with lateral foveolae : /. Lateral foveolae of the vertex triangular (Edipoda. ff. Lateral foveolae of the vertex quadrilateral Stauronotus. A A. Prosternum slightly tuberculate Stetheophyma. Section I. — Face somewhat oblique, straight; sides of the pronotum and head flat and generally perpendicular; disk of the pronotum usually flat, forming nearly a right angle with the sides ; the median carina (except in Acrolophitus hirtipes) minute. Vertex somewhat advanced in front of the eyes. The pronotum approaches the sub-cylindrical form in some of the Stenobothri. The posterior femora are less enlarged near the base than in the following section ; and the upper and lower carinas are not prominent. The following genera belong to this section: Oxycoryjjhus, Chryso- chraon, Acrolophitus, Pedioscertetes, Stenobothrus, Gomj^hocerus. I am not acquainted with Stetheophyma, but give it a place in the next section pi'ovisionally. OXYCORYPMIIS, FiwcSu Body medium size. Head somewhat pyramitlal ; face oblique; occiput and vertex ascending; the vertex produced in front of tlie eyes, triangular, blunt or sub-acute at the apex; its upper margiji acute, with a lateral ])ranch to cucli ocellus, inclufUng on each side a triangular foveola. The extremity of 73 the vertex continuous with the frontal costa, which is slightly sulcata or flat; tlie margins acute ; the lateral carinje slightly divergent. Antenna; but little longer than the head, with about twenty joints; from the third joint tiattened sub-triquetrous, acuminate at the apex. Eyes oval or sub-reniforni, oblique. Pronotum truncate in front, angulate posteriorly, constricted behind the anterior margin or parallel, tricarinate; tlie carinae distinct but not elevated, the lateral inwardly angulate near the front, divergent posteriorly or parallel. Prosternum unarmed, tumid in the middle. Elytra and wings present, gener- ally as long as the abdomen, but sometimes shorter. Legs slender; the lour anterior femora sub-compressed; the posterior femora much compressed, dilate near the base. Division I (Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII, 1861, 314).— Tip of the vertex sub-acute. Pronotum not constricted ; the posterior extremity obtuse- angled ; the transverse sulcus situated behind the middle ; lateral carinas acute, equal throughout, and in our only species parallel. ©5. olb^cairiis, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, 466. Female. — Head conical; occiput ascending; the vertex ascending in the same line with it, convex, with a slight median carina, most distinct in front ; margins of the vertex slightly elevated, obtuse, and terminating behind at the upper canthus of the eyes ; the vertex sub-conical; tip glabrous. Face quite oblique, nearly straight ; frontal costa sulcate, parallel to the ocellus, below which it gradually and regularly expands; lateral cariuse distinct, sharp, curving slightly forward at the top in front of the eyes, nearly straight and rapidly diverging below. Antennae somewhat ensiform, flattened, a little longer than the head ; joints short. Eyes elongate, pyriform, acuminate above, oblique. Pronotum a little longer than the head, tricarinate ; the cariuai equal, distinct, and parallel ; sides compressed, perpendicular ; sul)- truncate in front ; posteiior margin obtuse-angled ; transverse incision behind the middle ; posterior lobe thickly covered with shallow punctures ; the posterior lateral angle is a right angle. The elytra narrow, about three- fourths the length of the abdomen. Wings nearly as long as the elytra. Abdomen carined ; valves of the ovipositor obtuse, hairy on the margins, the upper ones strongly curved. The legs slender; the femora compressed; posterior femora nearly as long as the abdomen. Color (dried after long immersion in alcohol). — Pale rufous. Elytra 10 a 74 semi-transparent toward the apex. Wings pellucid, with pale rufous nerves. Dimensions. — Length, 0.U3 inch; elytra, 0 5 inch; posterior femora, 0.5" inch; posterior tibiae, 0.42 inch. Wyoming Territory (Thomas). Figured, Glover., Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PL xiii. Fig. 13. €IIUYS®ClHR.AO]¥, Fascli. PoJiswm, Heyer; Gomj)hocerus, F'lsch , olim ; Chorthippus, Fieb.; ChloinUis, Harr., Scudd. Shape much like Opomala and Pyrgomorpha, to which it is closely allied. Eyes rather short, somewhat acuminate at the apex, placed near the vertex, oblique, and rather distant from each other. The back of the pronotum and head in one plane, horizontal. Head jjroduced in front between the antennae in the form of a sliort Ijlunt ])yramid. Vertex rather broad between the eyes, triangular in front, slightly convex, without foveolffi, sub-emarginate. Frontal costa broad, either sulcate or partially sulcate, expanding and fliding below: lateral carinse distinct, somewhat divergent; face oblique and straight. Antennae short, filiform, sub-depressed, and joints sub-distinct. Clypeus and labrum narrow. Pronotum short; compressed at the sides, which are flat, straight, and parallel or very nearly so; tricari- nate, the three carinse distinct but not elevated; transverse incisions slight ; truncate in front, and truncate or sub-truncate behind. Elytra abbreviated, shorter than the abdomen, except in Ch. punctidatum, where they are about equal to it in length ; ovate-lanceolate. Middle legs longer than the anterior pair. Prosternum unarmed, but slightly swollen. Synoptical table of the species. A. Elytra less than half the length of the abdomen in the female ahdominalis. AA. Elytra half as loag, or more than half the length of the abdomen . . a. Female green or pale brown ; male green above vlrUlis. i; sp. nov. Female. — Large size ; body elongate ; elytra very short. Vertex blunt, short, not expanding in front of the eyes, convex; margins not elevated, obtuse. Face moderately obhqtie ; frontal costa flat, not sulcate, sometimes 75 convex above tlie ocellus ; lateral carinaj slight. Pronotum slightly con- stricted in the mitldle ; lateral carinte slightly curved inward a little in advance of the middle, expanding somewhat posteriorly ; posterior lol:)c densely punctured on the disk and sides; the transverse impressed line distinct, curved, situated a little behind the middle ; hind border obtusely rounded ; the sides have each two shallow broad indentures, rendering tliem a little uneven. Elytra short, not reaching the tip of the third abdominal segment; wings shorter. Abdomen elongate, somewhat compressed, slightly carined above. Posterior femora slender, shorter than the abdomen. An- tennae slightly enlarged and flattened near the base; joints unusually distinct, almost moniliform. Color (after long immersion in alcohol). — Almost uniform dull bi-ownish or ash-yellow. Antennse rufous, dusky at the tips. Palpi, anterior and middle legs, and posterior femora rufous ; spines of the posterior tibiae yellow at base, tips black. Dimensions. — Length, 1.15 inches; elytra, 0.25 inch; posterior femora, 0.60 inch. Montana (Thomas). Remark. — As will be seen by the above description, this species varies somewhat from the typical form of the genus in the slightly curved lateral carina} of the pronotum and in the antennaj ; yet a single glance is sufficient to convince any Orthopterologist that it belongs here. CSs. VBi'Mis, Thos. Syu., ChloeaUis viridis, Sciuld., Best. Jour. Nat. His., 1SG2, vol. VII, 455. Vertex broad, slightly expanding in front of the eyes, beyond which the sides converge so as to form a right angle, rounded at the apex ; the edge more or less upturned, so as to form a lunar or semicircular de- pression behind it; frontal costa scarcely sulcate above the ocellus in the female, sub-sulcate in the male. Pronotum with the sides compressed, vertical, parallel ; the three carinas distinct, equal, parallel ; the transverse impressions indistinct, the posterior much behind the middle. Elytra ovate lanceolate, about half as long as the abdomen in the female, three-fourths its length in the male. Sub-anal plate of the male turned' up, sowewhat pointed, entire at the tip. Posterior femora in the female about as long as the abdomen. Color. — Of the male, whole of the upper surface green; sides a dirty 76 brown, somelinies with a l)lack streak extending back from the eye. Front of the head yellowisli-brown or yellow. Front and middle legs greenish, tinged with reddish-brown; posterior femora greenish-yellow; tibise fuscous, spines tipped with black. Female varies in color from almost entire pale- green to dark-brown, with a dark stripe running back from each eye along the upper margin of the sides of the pronotum ; disk of the elytra marked with two or three fuscous dots; hind tibiae reddish-brown. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1 inch; pronotum, 0.21 inch; hind femora, 0.6 inch; elytra, 0.42 inch. 3 Length, 0.6 inch; pronotum, 0.14 inch; hind femora, 0.4 inch ; elytra, 0.3 inch. Connecticut (Scudder), Southern Illinois, Nebraska (Thomas). Fig- ured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PL x. Fig. f). CIb. coBisperssaiii, Thos. Syn., Ghloi'altis connpersa, Harr. Report, 184. ahortiva, Harr. Eeport, 184. O" Stenohothrus melanojyleurus, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. vii, 456. Vertex broad, expanded to a blunt point on each side in front of the eyes, from which the sides converge so as to form little less than a right angle, blunt at the tip ; edges a little upturned ; a very slight median carina ; frontal costa with a shallow sulcus two-thirds its length. Eyes not large or prominent, slightly elongated. Antennae slender, slightly flattened, reaching to the middle of the elytra in the male. Pronotum with the sides nearly straight, or slightly converging in the middle ; median carina sharp, rather more distinct than the lateral ; front and posterior margins straight. Elytra in the male reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, obovate, lanceolate, suddenly swollen on the costal border about two-thirds of the way from the apex to the base, internal border full and curved evenly from the base to the tip ; in the female the elytra reach about the middle of the abdomen. Color. — Male : head above, dorsum of the pronotum, sides of the meso- and meta-thorax, the face and sides of the head below the eyes, and the elytra light lilac-brown, varying in intensity in different specimens ; sides of the head behind the eyes shaded with black. AntenucB dark-brown, darkest at the tips. Sides of the pronotum and of the first two or three abdominal segments shining black. Abdomen light-brown al)ove, banded with black; light-yellow beneath; sides, except on the first tv>o or three segments, dark reddish-brown. Fore and middle legs brown ; liind femoi-a light yellowish- 77 bi'own above, with one or two broad dark-brown bands, light-yellow below; apex black ; hind tibife yellowish-red, black at the base and tips. The female differs from the male in being darker, and in wanting most of the black on the sides of the pronotum. Head, dorsnm of the j^ronotum, and elytra freqnently mottled or even blotched with dark-brown ; sides of the pronotum like the dorsum, except a small patch of black on the upper posterior angle. Dimensions. — $ Length, 0.8 to 0.9 inch; elytra, 0.30 to 0.37 incli ; hind femora, 0.50 to 0.55 inch, s Length, 0.65 to 0.70 inch ; elytra, 0.35 to 0.40 inch; hind femora, 0.40 to 0.45 inch. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, easter-n shore of Lake Winnipeg, British America (Scudder) ; Maine (Smith). Figured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth, PI. vi. Fig. 11, and PI. x, Fig. 12. Ch. i»MiactiiIatsBiBi, Thos. Syn., Ghlomltis punetulata, Scutkl., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 455. Vertex broad, much as in Ch. viridis, but slightly more prominent. Sides of the pronotum very nearly parallel, slightly divergent posteriorly ; lateral and median carinae distinct, sharp. Elytra and wings reach the tip of the abdomen. Coh): — Vertex edged with reddish-brown ; a narrow reddish-brown band extends along the lateral carinas of the pronotum to the eye, edged below with black; it extends also slightly upon the base of the elytra. The abdomen, sternum, fore legs, and parts of the mouth (except the black man- dibles), reddish-brown. Hind tibiae yellowish-brown, their spines tipped with black ; all the tarsi darker. Elytra green with scattered small brownish spots. Dimcnsiojis. — 2 Length, 0.95 inch; pronotum, 0.19 inch; hind femora, 0.54 inch ; elytra, 0.70 inch. Connecticut (Scudder). ACROLOPHITUS, Thos, Head pyramidal, short; the dorsum ascending anteriorly; the vertex as- cending obliquely between the antennfe in the form of a short pyramid. Eyes ovate, placed high and well forward. Face long, narrow, slightly ol)lique, and straight; carina? distinct. Antcnnai stout, passing the thorax, filiform or slightly llattened ; the joints near the base sub-elongate. Maxillary palpi of medium 78 length ; terminal joints sub-eqnal, rather short ; labial palpi proportionally longer ; ultimate joint longest. Pronotum short, but longer than the head, compressed at the sides ; sides of the anterior lobes sub-parallel ; posterior lobe diverging ; the median carina on the anterior lobes indistinct and obtuse; on the posterior lobe it is elevated into a sharp crest, regularly curved on the top ; lateral carinae sub-distinct on the posterior lobe, obliterated on the anterior lobes ; the three transverse incisions distinct, the posterior one is bent abruptly forward in the middle, around the front point of .the crest; anterior margin obtusely rounded ; posterior margin acute-angled in the male, right-angled in the female. Elytra narrow, extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen ; wings nearly^ as long as the elytra. Legs long ; the femora slender ; the tibiae stout, pilose. The prosternum not spined ; the anterior portion somewhat transversely tumid ; pectus narrow. A. Iiii-tipes, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 278. S.yn., Oryllus liirtipes, Say, Amer. Eut., Ill, PI. xxxiv. — Le Conte's eel., I, 78, PI. xxxiv, Fig. 1. The vertex extends oHiquely upward in front of the eyes, about equal to the length of the latter, acute-angled at the apex; a slight transverse impression between the upper angles of the eyes ; not margined, and without foveolse. Frontal costa rather narrow, slightly expanding below, more or less distinctly sulcate from the apex downward; .lateral carinae somewhat distinct, nearly straight, slightly diverging ; the face is gradually widened from the eyes to the clypeus. The pronotum as described in the generic description. Posterior femoi'a slender, but slightly enlarged at the base, equaling or passing the ab- domen ; all the legs are covered with minute hairs. Color. — Pale-green, without any distinct spots. Head and elytra green, the former sometimes with lighter and darker shades. The pronotum varies in color from a greenish-yellow to a pale-brown, the abdomen generally cor- responding. The elytra are generally of a uniform pale-green, though some- times they are marked with indistinct spots of darker green. Wings pale greenish-yellow on the basal third ; the apical third pellucid ; the middle third occupied by a broad, transverse, fuscous band, diminished and curving inward on the posterior border. Antennae red. Dimensions. — 2 Length, 1.3 inches; elytra, 1.12 inches; hind femora, 0.75 inch; hind tibijis, 0.75 inch. ^J Length, 1 inch. Colorado, Wyoming (Thomas). 79 PEDIOSCERTETES, Titos. Back of the head ascending ; vertex rises obliquely in front of the e^^es in the form of a triangular pyramid; frontal costa distinct above the ocellus, fading below; liice sub-oblique. Pronotuni regularly exjianding postex'iorly, subtricarinate, the front lobes being rounded, so that the lateral carinae are indis- tinct; median absent or but a minute line; front margin truncate; hind mar gin rounded; the three transverse impressions distinct. Elytra and wings ex- tending beyond the abdomen. Posterior femora slender, a little shorter than the abdomen in the female ; tirst joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the other two. Metasternum broad ; the pi'osternum narrow, unspined, the transverse groove distinct. This insect, seen from above, tapers considerably from the metathorax to the liead, which is quite narrow^, but elongate perpen- dicularly. Resembles, in general appearance, Acrolophitus, to which it is closely allied, but from which it diifers in wanting the crest on the pronotum, and in the posterior margin thereof being rounded. P. uevaciensis, Thos., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873. The tip of the vertex separated from the portion between the eyes by a curved sulcus, which runs from the upper cantiius of one eye to that of the other; this portion of the vertex obliquely ascending and triangular; no median or lateral foveola. Frontal costa prominent and narrow between the eyes, and slightly sulcate ; the portion below the ocellus indistinct, a little l)roader than that above, expanding below and slightly sulcate ; lateral carinas indistinct, parallel; face somewhat oblique, narrow. Eyes oljlong, ovate, oblique. Antennae extending about one-fourth their length beyond the pro- notum, robust, very slightly depressed, and apparently enlarged toward the apex. Front lobes of the pronotum rounded, sub-cylindrical; lateral carinse obsolete on the front lobes, obtuse on the posterior lobe; median carina is but an indistinct line ; three transverse incisions distinct, but not profound, the posterior one situated a little behind the middle ; the posterior border is regularly rounded, nearly semi-circular ; the posterior lateral margin curves inward at the humerus, but makes no angle ; the posterior lobe is distinctly broader than the head. Elytra of moderate width ; wings rather narrow; both extend slightly beyond the abdomen. The abdomen comparatively, enlarged and deep at the base; the valves of the ovipositor slender and acute. The posterior femora are quite slender, being but slightly enlarged at base ; 80 posterior tibiae cylindrical. The body and legs more or less covered with • small hairs. Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Dull greenish-yellow, showing the original color to have been green — probably light pea-green — which is almost entirely uniform on the head, thorax, elytra, and legs, without spots. The antennae are dusky at the tips. There is a slight rufous tinge on the poste- rior lobe of the pronotum and base of the elytra ; the apical portion of the latter is translucent. Wings pale-yellow at base — probably greenish-yellow in the living individual — with a moderately broad fuscous band across the disk ; apex transparent, with dark nerves. Spines of the posterior tibise yel- lowish, very slightly or not at all tipped with Ijlack. Dimensions. — 5 Length, 1.25 inches ; elytra, 0.80 inch ; posterior femora, 0.60 inch ; posterior tibiae, 0.65 inch ; pronotum, 0.25 inch. Nevada (from Lieutenant Wheeler's collection.) Acridiuin, De Geer, Oliv. ; CEdipoda (in part), Serv. ; Gompliocerus, Thunb. Burm., Fiscli. (c/i/K); C/^/ora/^is (in part), Harr. ; Podlsma, l^?itv.\ Chor- thippus, Fieb. Body medium size or small, elongate. Head sub-conic in front; face more or less sloped obliquely backward and under toward the breast ; vertex in front of the eyes somewhat prominent, horizontal ; the lateral foveolae (when present) are linear ; when they are absent the margins of the vertex are obtuse. The frontal costa is generally sulcate throughout, or from the middle ocellus downward ; lateral carinas distinct. Eyes gub-rotund or sub- angulate. . The antennae generally exceed the head and pronotum in length, and are sub-compressed or sub-cylindrical, clavate in the male of one species. The pronotum has the disk more or less flattened, seldom gibbous; the sides somewhat compressed; the front margin truncate; the hind margin obtuse- angled or obtusely rounded ; the three carinas usually distinct, but not elevated — the median straight entire, the lateral straiglit or curved inward at or in advance of the middle. Elytra and wings sometimes abbreviated, sometimes as long or longer than the abdomen, generally narrow. Legs slender; the posterior femora somewhat elongate, and but moderately enlarged at the base. Prosternum unarnied ; narrow. 81 Synoptical table of the species. A. Vertex witliout lateral foveoke : a. Median cariufe of the prouotum sub-cristiform occidentalis. aa. Median carime of the prouotum linear : h. Top of the head miuutely tricarinate tricarinatus. hh. Top of the head smooth : c. Lateral carina; of the pronotum parallel coloradus. cc. Lateral carinre of the prouotum more or less approximate in the middle : d. Face nearly vertical ■ - . quadrimaculatus. dd. Face oblique : c. Green, with fuscous serratures along the elytra; large size. . . admirabilis. ee. Chief color brown, or striped with brown ; small size : /. Head ascending ; antennae, somewhat acuminate occipitalis. Jf. .Head horizontal ; auteunne filiform speciosus. AA. Vertex with lateral foveolte or tlat spaces representing them : a. Elytra unspotted curtipennis. aa. Elytra spotted : % b. Lateral carinte of the pronotum parallel suh-conspersus. hh. Lateral carinae of the pronotum approximate in the middle : c. Elytra extending beyond the tip of the abdomen : d. Elytra chiefly green : maculipennis. dd. Elytra brownish propinquans. cc. Elytra equal to or shorter than the abdomen : (Z. Face nearly vertical, curved below hrunncus. dd. Face oblique, straight or nearly so : e. Edges of the vertex raised (cqualis. ee. Edges of the vertex not raised hilineatus. I cannot locate pelidnus, but it would appear to belong with ?naculipenms and propinquans ; gracilis, Scudd., is omitted from the table for the same reason, though evidently closely allied to maculipennis. Division I. — Face oblique ; head sub-conical. Sub-division 1. — Antennge slightly enlarged near the base, somewhat acuminate at the apex, and slightly flattened or sul)-triquetrous. This sub-division includes but one species, St. occipitalis, Thos., which possibly future investigations may show to be generically distinct. St. occipitalis, sp. nov. Head ascending, pyramidal; occiput elongate, convex; vertex short, not expanding in front of the eyes, sub-hexagonal, margins raised ; no regular lateral foveolas, but on each side, under the projecting front, there is often a shallow, triangular depression. Face quite ol)lique, straight; frontal costa 11 A 82 distinct and narrow above the ocellus, fading, and diverging below it, upper iiortion sharply sulcate ; lateral carinas distinct, curving outward. Antennae about as long as the head and thorax, slightly enlarged near the base, and acuminate at the apex, sub-triquetrous or slightly flattened. Pronotum about as long as the head, slightly constricted in the middle; median carinse slight; lateral carinse nearly obliterated, especially on the anterior lobes, slightly approximating in the middle, nearly parallel thence to the front, diverging posteriorly ; hind border sub-truncate. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen. Hind femora reach the extremity of the abdomen. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — A broad, brown stripe on each side extends from the upper corner of the eye, widening on the head, extending along the upper part of the side of the pronotum, and reaching to the hind mai-gin, a small portion passing over the diverging part of the lateral carinse; usually a brownish stripe extends from the vertex along the back of the head to the pronotum. Elytra pale-brown, with a row of fuscous dots along the disk. Dimensions. — $• Length, 0.78 inch; elytra, 0.6 inch. $ Length, 0.62 inch. Colorado, "Wyoming, and Southeast Idaho (Thomas). From the description the generic position of this species appears doubt- ful, but the general appearance to the eye is evidently that of Stenobothrus, therefore I place it here, though it is possible it belongs to Epacromia. Subdivision 2. — Antennse filiform, or slightly flattened, especially toward the apex. Section 1. — Lateral carinse of the pronotum straight, or very nearly so. parallel or very slightly approximate in the middle, and but slightly elevated. St. coloratlMisi, Thos.* Syn., St. hicolor, Thos., Geo!. Surv. Terr., 1871, 4G5. Lateral foveolse wanting. Two broad, brown stripes reaching from the vertex to the tip of the elytra. Vertex scarcely expanding in front of the eyes ; margins scarcely raised, obtuse ; a slight, indistinct median carinse ; the tip obtusely rounded. Face *It appear.s that Walker (Cat. Deriuap. Salt., V, Supp., 78) has restored the hicolor of Oharp., as distinct from biguttulus, Burm.; therefore, as this part of his catalogue was published a short time in advance of my description, it becomes necessary for me to cliauge the uame of my species. 83 quite oblique, arcuate ; frontal costa broad, expanding below, not sulcate, but slightly depressed at the ocellus; lateral carinse distinct, diverging rapidly ; eacli side of the frontal costa there is a curved impression. Eyes ovate, oblique, acuminate above. Pronotum same length as the head, trun- cate, in front, and obtusely rounded behind, sub-cylindrical, sub-tricarinate, the three carinas being very slight, close together, and parallel ; the pos- terior transverse sulcus a little behind the middle, it alone cuts the median carina. Antennae somewhat flattened, not longer than the head and thorax. Elytra narrow, a little longer than the abdomen ; wings nearly same length Abdominal appendages of the female very short, the upper valves not passing the last abdominal segment; sub-anal plate of the male triangular, entire at the tip. The lateral carinse of the pronotum in the male are very indistinct and farther apart than in the female ; in each sex these are but mere threads, not aifecting the sub-cylindrical shape of the protho- rax. Posterior femora about as long as the abdomen. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Parts of the mouth, venter, and sternum pale-yellow ; face dull-yellow ; eyes brown. Two very regular brown stripes, starting from the tip of the vertex (one from each side near the upper angle of the eye), gradually enlai'ging, run along the sides of the head and pronotum, and along the central part of the elytra to the tip. The intermediate stripe along the dorsum and the space on the sides below the brown stripes are dull-yellow. An obscure, brownish band extends obliquely downward and backward from each eye, and a more distinct stripe of the same color marks the lower part of the sides of the pronotum, generally bordered by narrow but distinct yellow lines. Wings pellucid, the nervules near the apex dusky, the rest ocherous. Posterior femora with three dark bands. When living the posterior tibiae are blue, but after long immersion in alcohol they change to a dull-yellow; spines black at the tips. Anterior legs pale-brown. The brown markings are often tinged with a lilac shade. Dimensions. — s Length, 0.81 to 0.90 inch; elytra, 0.65 inch; posterior femora, 0.52 inch. 3 Length, 0.62 inch; elytra, 0.60 inch. Var. unicolor — The median or dorsal space brownish, which, uniting with the brownish stripes, gives the entire back a brownish color. Hab. — Colorado and Wyoming (Thomas). Var. unicolor found near Fort Fetterman, Wyoming Territory. Remark — This species approaches very near to EjMcromia, and is closely allied to St. ejmcromoides, Walk 84 St. iricarinatus, sp. nov. Female. — The top of the head tricarinate ; three distinct but minute parallel and approximate carinse running from the front border of the pro- notum to the vertex, the median continuous to the tip, the lateral bend suddenly outward opposite the upper canthus of the eyes, and from thence forward are continuous with the raised margins of the vertex. The vertex not expanding in front of the eyes ; no lateral foveolse. Face oblique, nearly straight; frontal costa rather broad, narrowest above, regularly and gradually expanding below, flat; margins square. Eyes oblique, acuminate above. Antennae not reaching tlie tip of the pronotum, large, flattened, enlarged almost into a club at the apex; joints quite short and sub-distinct. Prono- tum very slightly contracted in the middle, expanding slightly hindward; the three carinoe about equal, the lateral somewhat approximate, a little in advance of the middle ; very shghtly divergent from this point forward, a little more divergent posteriorly ; hind border obtusely rounded. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen ; posterior femora about same length. Color (dried after long immersion in alcohol). — Face dull-yellow; top of the head and pronotum sometimes dark-brown, sometimes ash-brown. Upper half of the sides of the pronotum usually liglit-brown, yellowish below. Elytra pale-brown, translucent at the apex; a row of oblong, dark spots along the middle field, some four or five, often running together and forming a stripe. Wings transparent at base (probably slightly colored when living) ; apex somewhat fuliginous, with black nerves. Posterior femora sometimes striped along the disk with brown. Dimensions. — Length, 0.87 inch; elytra, 0.56 inch; posterior femora, 0.5 inch. Wyoming (Thomas) $^t. admiraMIi!^, Uhlcr, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1864, 553. Large size; lateral foveolse of the vertex wanting; elytra and wings as long as the abdomen ; general color green, striped with fuscous and carneous. Vertex prominent, not expanding in front of the eyes ; margins slightly elevated, obtuse ; no middle foveola, but a slight depression each side within the margins, which are separated by a dim median carina, that extends back across the occiput. Face straight, very oblique, quadricarinate ; the carinae straight, diverging below and reaching the clypeus. Eyes pyriform. 85 oblique, poiuted at the apex. Antennae somewhat flattened and often shghtly enlarged near the base. Pronotum about as long as the head, contracted slightly in the middle ; the three carinse distinct, cut a little behind the middle by a cross incision, the lateral curving inward slightly on the anterior lobe. Elytra, wings, and posterior femora passing the abdomen. Color. — Face and sides of the head green ; antennae and palpi carneous ; eyes brownish ; a pale reddish-brown or carneous stripe reaches from the vertex to the hind border of the pronotum, bordered each side by a dark fuscous stripe. Sides of the pronotum green, with a fuscous stripe along the middle; the posterior lobe punctured on the sides. Middle field and upper margin of the elytra green ; the green of the middle field serrated above by the notches of the fuscous portion, which occupies the upper (posterioi") half; lower (anterior) margin fuscous. Wings transparent, tinged with greenish- yellow at the base ; nerves dusky ; apex slightly fuliginous. The upper half of the disk of the posterior femora green, lower half yellowish or reddish; posterior tibiae pale at base, apical portion dusky ; spines yellowish, tipped with black. Alcohol changes the green and carneous to a pale dull-yellow ; otherwise the markings remain unchanged, except that they are somewhat faded. Male — The following, discovered the present season, I take to be the male of this species, though the evidence on this point is not positive: Head above slightly ascei^ling to the vertex, giving the whole head an upward bend ; front conical ; face much sloped. Vertex without lateral foveolae, margins slightly raised, with two inclosed depressions separated by a slight median ridge, which runs foi'ward to the fastigium. Frontal costa quite broad and flat, very slightly sulcate below the ocellus, margins angled; lateral carinae distinct; the face is sloped backward toward the breast so much that the angle it forms with the upper surface is less than forty-five degrees. The pronotum is short, scarcely exceeding the length of the head; sides compressed, nearly parallel, expanding very slightly posteriorly; tricarinate ; the carinae aljout equal, being simply raised lines, very nearly parallel, severed once by the minute posterior sulcus a little behind the middle ; front margin sub-truncate ; posterior margin sub-truncate, rounded ; the lateral margins descending almost straight to the lower angle. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen slightly ; narrow. The sub-anal plate is prolonged in the form of a short, Ijlunt ovipositor. Antennae somewhat 86 clavate, the club commencing with the twelfth or thirteenth joint. Eyes very oblique, elongate-ovate, pointed above. Color. — Yellowish and brown in stripes. Face yellowish, the corners of the mouth piceous. A narrow, yellow sti-ipe runs back from each eye to the pronotum, bordered on each side witli light-brown, the upper fixding on the upper edge to yellowish ; a pale-brownish stripe along the middle of the occiput. Antennse pale at base ; club black on one side and pale on the other. Carinse of the pronotum yellow, the interspaces of the disk brown- ish ; posterior lobe on the sides marked with lilack punctures and minute angular yellow raised lines ; some yellow stripes on the sides. Elytra trans- parent, somewhat fuliginous, with a dusky spot or two on the disk near the base. Wings transparent and almost uniformly fuliginous, though not clouded. Posterior femora yellowish, with two or three oblique dusky bands on the upper portion of the exterior face ; apex black. Posterior tibiee with knee black ; a broad white ring just below the knee ; rest dusky, but the upper (posterior) side shows minute abl>reviated alternate rings of black and white; the base of the spines white, tips black. Tarsi a dusky yellow. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.3 inches ; pronotum, 0 23 inch ; elytra, 1 inch; posterior femora, 0.86 inch; posterior tibia?, 0.77 inch, ^j Length, 1 inch; elytra, 0.75 inch ; posterior femora, 0.65 inch ; posterior tibiaj, 0.62 inch ; pronotum, 0.13 inch. Hab. — $ Baltimore, Maryland (Uhler) ; Northern Illinois (Walsh) ; Southern Illinois, District of Columbia, Kansas (Thomas). $ Southern Illinois (Thomas). 9 Figured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PI iv. Fig. 13. St. siibcomspersus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., iv, 755. Male. — ^Tawny, paler beneath. Head and pronotum with several parallel indistinct brownish lines. Head with a pale testaceous line on each side, which is continued on the fore part of each lateral carina of the pronotum ; front (face) punctured, with four distinct carinse, the outer pair more divergent toward the margins of the face than the inner pair ; the foveolre of the vertex distinct, linear. Antenna; nearly cylindrical, testaceous toward the base. Pronotum with three slight carinse, the lateral pair straight, parallel to the middle one; hind border rounded. Abdomen testaceous, with a short, broad, brown streak on each side proceeding from the base. Hind femora 87 red beneath, and on the inner side, except toward the tips. Hind tibiae toward the tips and liind tarsi dark-brown. Elytra cinereous, a httle shorter than the body, with many indistinct, minute, pale-brownish marks. Wings pale-cinereous, brown toward the tips ; veins black, mostly whitish on the basal half. Dimensions. — Length, 0.75 to 0.77 inch ; expansion of the elytra, 1.4 to 1.5 inches. Florida (Walker). Section 2. — Lateral carinsB of the pronotum curving or bending inward at or near the middle. St. i^peciosus, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 458. Vertex of the head quite broad, not expanding at the sides ; apex not rounded; the sides of the angle straight; edges upturned considerably; a slight median groove; no lateral foveolse. Sides of the pronotum approximate, constricted in the middle ; lateral carinse not so prominent and sharp as the median. Wings as long as the elytra, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen. v Color. — Brown above, pale-yellow beneath. Face yellowish-brown ; parts of the mouth pale-yellow. Antennae reddish-brown. A narrow, curved streak on the top of the head from the inner edge of the eye to the lateral carinse ; a narrow, straight, white streak from the eye to the lateral carinse ; the upper Waif _(]f' the sides of the pronotum brownish, darkest above. Legs yellowish-brown ; spines of the tibias tipped with black. Elytra brownish at base; apical half pellucid, with rosaceous nerves, immaculate; wings pellucid, with rosaceous nervures; costa with a dark streak beyond the middle. Dimensions. — j Length, 0.55 inch; antennae, 0.23 inch; hind femora, 0..34 inch ; expanse of the elytra, 1 inch. Minnesota (Scudder). St. iuactiliiK'iiai!«, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 458. Vertex with the margins raised, the sides very slightly expanded in front of the eyes ; apex blunt ; lateral foveolaj, when present, very shallow and broader toward the eyes than at the apex, but these are often obliterated by the absence of their lower margin. Face oblique, nearly straight; frontal 88 costa somewhat jirominent, sides parallel, or nearly so, until near the cljpeus, where it expands and fades, sometimes sulcata, at others scarcely sulcate ; lateral carinse distinct. Pronotum slightly constricted about the' middle ; the three carinse rather slight, the lateral converging at the middle, nearly parallel on front lobe, divergent on the posterior lobe ; hind border obtusely rounded. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen. Color. — Head and disk of the ju-onotiun green (in some individuals brown) ; a reddish-brown, broad band ijehiud the eyes reaches to the hind edge of the pronotum, limited above by the lateral carinas, which are white, but partially crossing these near the. hind border; sides of the pronotum below the band brownish or dull-yellowish. Elytra green, with a median band of equidistant, square black spots along its whole extent, besides a few irregularly-scattered smaller black spots ; sometimes the inner halves of the elytra are entirely of a rust-red color. Legs yellowish-brown ; the hind femora sometimes streaked with red or brown ; hind tibiae plumbeous Antennaj reddish at base, rest brown or fuscous. The western specimens, as will be seen from following description, vary somewhat from the eastern type. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.75 incl) ; antennae, 0.26 to 0.35 inch; hind femora, 0.45 inch; elytra, 0.7 inch, j^ Length, 0.45 to 0.55 inch. Massachusetts (Scudder) ; Wyoming, Minnesota (Thomas). Figured, Glover, Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PI. x. Fig. 14. Remark. — The following independent description of living specimens procured at Omaha, Nebraska, is inserted that it may be used as a means of comparison with specimens from other localities, as there is much difficulty in distinguishing some of Mr. Scudder's closely-allied species, if in flict they are distinct, which is a matter of some doubt: Female. — Face dull, rusty -y ello w ; cheeks and sides of the head brown, darkest immediately back of the upper part of the eye, where it forms an ill-defined stripe which runs back to the pronotum. Occiput and disk of the pronotum pale-brown. The black or dark-brown stripe running back from the eye continues along the upper portion of the side of the pronotum, jiassing over the lateral caringe upon the disk of the posterior lobe ; the lateral carinas yellowish. The elytra have a pale stripe along the lower (or anterior) field, near the margin ; a narrow stripe along the middle field is marked with lilack or 89 dark fuscous spots, four or five in number; the portion al)ove this and the apical tliird semi-transparent, distinctly tinged with reddish-purple. Wings transparent but tinged, especially the front and apical portions, with reddish- purple ; the nerves and nervules of the front i)ortion dusky. Posterior femora pale yellow ; a narrow dusky stripe along the upper carina (or rib) of the disk; two pale dusky spots on the inside of the upper carina. The posterior tibia has the lower two-thirds of the under surface dusky, the rest pale-yellow ; spines white at the immediate base, rest black. Antennae pale rufous. The pronotum expands but moderately on the posterior lo])c, the- lateral caringe curving regularly inward (though moderately), the closest approxima- tion being in advance of the middle ; posterior margin ol)tusely rounded ; no entering angle on the posterior lateral margin, though it slightly (very slightly) curves inward 1)etween the humerus and lower angle. The sub-anal plate of the male is slightly elongate, fleshy, entire, and rounded at the tip. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.75 inch; elytra, O.GO inch; posterior femora, 0.46 inch; posterior tibitp, 0.38 inch ; pronotum, 0,13 inch. roi»DB>(]iiaii!i), Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 461 Very similar to St. Uliiieatus, but of larger size, and has proportionally longer wings. It is also closely allied to St. maculij)enni^. Vertex Inroad, 91 expanding but slightly at the anterior border of the eyes; the angle rounded ; the apex blunt ; edges scarcely, if at all, raised ; foveolse as in St. macuUpen- nis, but shallower. Lateral carinse of the pronotum some'wliat convergent in the middle, of equal prominence and sharpness as the median ; hind border of the pronotum somewhat rounded. Elytra and wings a little longer than the abdomen. Color. — Brown. A stripe behind the eye quite broad ; lateral carinse yellowish ; a faint, curved, dark stripe from the inner border of the eyes to the lateral carinse. Antennse yellowish-brown. Elytra brownish at the base, transjjarent at the apex, with a middle line of brown spots extending two- thirds of the distance toward the tip. Legs yellowish-brown ; hind tibiae plumljeous, with a broad, pale annulation at the base. Dimensions. — (j Length, 0.6 inch; antennje, 0.26 inch; hind femora, 0.38 inch; elytra, 0 55 inch. 9 Length, 0.75 inch; antennse, 0.23 inch; hind femora, 0.48 inch ; elytra, 0.68 inch. Connecticut, Minnesota (Scudder). This is probably but a variety of St. macuUpennis, but the description is given here for the reason stated elsewhere. St. ciu'tipeuni!^, Scudd, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 456. Syn., Stenobothrus longipennis, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. VII, 457. Locusta curtipennis, Hiirr., Cat. Ins. Mass., 56. Chloealtis curtipennis, Ban-., Eep., 3d ed., 184, PL 3, Fig. 1. Vertex expanding on each side, immediately in front of the eyes, into an angular point a little more obtuse than a right angle ; margins raised, obtuse, converging in front to a right angle ; apex blunt ; lateial foveolse distinct, linear. Face oblique, that of the male more so than that of the female, slightly arcuate ; frontal costa very prominent, sides nearly parallel, flat or sub-convex above the ocellus, rest sulcate ; lateral carinse curving regularly from the inner margin of the eyes to the corners of the face. Antennse passing the thorax, especially in the male; thick, somewhat flattened, and slightlj' enlarged toward the apex ; joints more contracted in the female than in the male. Sides of the pronotum somewhat compressed, especially on the lower posterior portion, giving to this part the appearance of being slightly indented and contracted, nearly parallel, but slightly widest in front; the three carinae distinct, equal, the lateral approximating in advance of the middle,- about one-third the distance from the anterior border ; slightly 92 divergent from this point to the front border, more divergent posteriorly; the three are cut by the posterior incision a little behind the middle; posterior extremity obtusely rounded. Elytra and wings narrow, sometimes shorter than, and sometimes passing, the abdomen. Valves of the ovipositor rather longer and more exserted than usual. Color. — Head and thorax brown ; a broad, shining black stripe on the side behind the eye, extending to the posterior extremity of the pronotum, along the upper margin, a portion of it extending above the lateral carina at the hind extremity ; sometimes there is a longitudinal dark streak on the top of the head. Antennae yellowish-brown at tlie base, the rest brown or l)lack. Elyti-a uniform pale reddish-brown ; wings pellucid. Hind femora pale-brown or yellowish, except the apex, which is black; hind tibige black at the base, rest pale-red or yellow. Under side dull-yellow. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.75 to 0.84 inch ; antennre, 0.27 to 0.30 inch; elytra, 0.36 to 0.G6 inch; hind femora, 0 47 to 0.60 inch. 3 Length, 0.55 to 0.65 inch ; antennae, 0.35 to 0.37 inch ; elytra, 0.40 to 0.60 inch ; hind femora, 0.42 to 0.44 inch. Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Red River Settlements in British America (Scudder); Southern Illinois, Colorado, Wyoming, Pennsylvania (Thomas). I agree v^^ith Mr. Smith (Proc. Port. Soc. Nat. Hist , 1868, 147) in con- sidering St. curlipennis and St. longipennis as varieties of the same species. Subdivision 3. — Median carina of the pronotum sub-cristiform; uosterior femora inflated at the base. St. ©ccidentalis, Sauss., Rev. et. Mag. Zool., 1861, XIII, 317. Very similar to St. mysticus, but a little less, and the body more compressed. Rostrum of the vertex shorter, sub-deflexed ; carina? of the pronotum straight, or nearly so, acute, the median sub-cristiform. Posterior femora inflated, slender only at the apex, passing the abdomen. Antennae filiform. Dimensions. — Length, 0.80 inch. Tennessee (Saussure). A desci'iption of St. mysticus, Sauss., a Mexican species, will be found in the second part of this Synopsis. Division 2. — Face sub-vertical ; head sliorl, obtuse. 93 St. brtinne(i)«, Tlios., Geol. Siirv. Terr., 1870, 280. Female. — Vertex l)roa(l, part in front of the eyes short and not expanding at the sides, margins hut sHghtl}' raised; lateral fovcola^ very shallow, elon- gate ohlong ; the top of the head convex. Face less ohliqiic than usual, slightly arcuate below ; frontal costa broad, flat, and not sulcate, margins punctured, obsolete below. Pronotum short, scarcely longer than the head, slightly constricted in the middle ; the three carina? about equal, the lateral rather distant, converging in front, diverging posteriorly, slightly curved; transverse incision distinct, sinuous, situated about the middle ; hind border obtusely rounded. Elytra and wings nearly or quite as long as the abdomen. Antennas reach the tip of the pronotum, filiform, sliglitly flattened. Upper valves of the ovipositor scarcely, if at all, exserted. Color (dried after long immersion in alcohol). — Keddish-Iirown with yellow. A yellow stripe of moderate width extends from the tip of the vertex along the middle of the pronotum and upon the upper margins of the elytra. Lateral carinte of the pronotum yellow ; interspaces of the disk black. Elytra brownish at base, transparent at the apex, the entire middle field marked with brownish spots, a few smaller ones also in the lower field ; upper margin yellow. Posterior femora crossed externally by three quite oblique brown bands, which extend over upon the upper portion of the inside. Male much smaller ; face more arcuate. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1 inch; elytra, 0.70 inch; hind femora, 0.52 inch. (J Length, 0.65 inch ; hind femora, 0.40 inch. Colorado, Wyoming (Thomas). Remark. — This and the next species have been place^ in this genus with much doubt, as they appear to approach CEdipoda in several respects. St. qtiadi-iBBuactaEatus, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 280. Vertex of moderate width, deflexed, margins slightly elevated, no lateral foveolpe. Face sub-oblique or nearly vertical ; frontal costa slightly promi- nent, margins square, nearly parallel, slightly expanding l)elow, Hat or very .slightly sulcate ; lateral carinae sub-distinct, moderately divergent below. Pronotum short, depth greater than the length, slightly constricted in the middle, tricarinale ; the three carinse about equal, distinct, the lateral ap- proximate a little in advance of the middle, slightly diverging in front, more divergent posteriorly, cut l)y tlie posterior sinuate sulcus a little behind the 94 middle; posterior extremily obtuse-angled. Elytra and wings narrow and shorter than the abdomen ; the former not dilated on the costal margin. Male less than half the size of the female. Antennae filiform, slightly flat- tened; joints sub-distinct, those of the female about as long as the head and thorax, of the male more than half the length of the body. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Yellowish with brownish spots and stripes. Face yellow ; cheeks yellow and fuscous ; in some indi- viduals there is a slight fuscous stripe along the occiput ; there is usually a dark stripe behind the eye, extending along the side-of the pronotum, but this is very variable and sometimes entirely wanting. Pronotum with alternating dashes of yellow and brown ; lateral carinse yellow ; corners of the disk of the posterior lobe dark-brown. Elytra pale reddish-brown, fading toward the apex ; four triangular brown spots in a row along the middle field, and a few dots of the same along the I'ower field. Wings pellucid ; nerves mostly white. Alidomen with rings of yellow and brown Posterior femora with three oblique brown bands more or less distinct. Antennse yellowish at base, dusky toward the apex. Under surface yellow. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.88 inch ; elytra, 0.4 to 0.5 inch ; posterior femora, 0.5 inch. $ Length, 0.54 inch ; elytra, 0.31 inch. Colorado, Wyoming (Thom.as). Remark — The living insect is a pale pea-green, where the dry is yellow. Var. a. — Face nearly vertical ; frontal costa more prominent and some- what sulcate ; latei'al carinas not so much curved and less divergent. Lateral carinae of the pronotum less approximate. The yellow spaces, especially on the elytra, broader and paler; the brown more restricted. Size same as the other variety ; locality the same. Position uncertain. Si. §-r»cilBS, Scudd., U. S. Geol. Surv. Nek, Final Rep., 250. Vertex of the head broad, swollen, with elevated anterior border; foveolge extremely shallow, long, triangular, with the base toward the eye. Lateral carinse of the pronotum rather prominent, regularly curved, approximate in the middle; median carina slight; hind border of the pronotum a little angu- lated ; middle of the lower border produced into a rounded projection. Color — Slightly mottled, pale reddish-brown; a stripe of the deeper tint just behind the eyes, bordered above by the yellowish lateral carinpe of the pronotum. Elytra nearly uniform in color, but with two or three small spots )u the central field. 95 Diinensions. — $ Length from the vertex to the tip of the elytra, 0.65 inch. Nebraska (Scudder). Remark. — It is possible that Ihis is the male of that which I have described as St. maculipennis from Omaha, but Mr. Scudder's description is too brief to determine this witli certainty. It probably belongs in Section 2, with St. maculipennis. • " St. peliduiii^, Thos. Syu., Gomphocerus pelidnus, Burm., Haudb. Eutom., 11, 2, 050. The lateral foveote at the margins of the vertex distinct. The frontal costa prominent, straiglit, reaching to the clypeus ; very narrow between the antennas ; the lateral carinfe of the face distinct. The antennae distinctly flat- tened near the base. The elytra in both sexes somewhat longer than the abdomen. Color. — Testaceous, often fuscous above ; the posterior femora banded or fasciate ; tibiae pale, fuscous at the base, where also there is a whitish band or ring. Dimensions. — Length, O.-'iO to 0.G2 inch. Pennsylvania (Burmeister). Remark. — I have not met with this species — at least, I have not recog- nized it among the numerous collections I have examined ; in fact, Burmeis- ter's description is so meager that it is doubtful whether it will ever be recog- nized with satisfactory certainty ; but it evidently belongs to Stenobothrus. GOilIPHOCERlIN, Tliiinb. Stenobothrus (in part), Fisch. Face almost vertical or sub-oblique. Antennae long, multiarticulate, filiform for three-fourths of the distance from the base, the remaining joints forming a compressed expanded mass, not so large in the female as the male, terminating in a point. Ocelli slightly visible. Eyes oval, slightly promi- nent. Pronotum short; its disk flat, tricarinate ; the lateral caringe sinuous, curving inward or forming an entering angle near the middle ; the poste- rior border rounded. Elytra and wings as long or a liltle longer than the abdomen. Abdomen somewhat compressed ; sub-anal plate of the male usually convex below, almost triangular. Prosternum unspined, smooth. Legs Wl i' 96 of inediiun length, and posterior femora of the usual form. G. clavatus varies slightly from these generic characters, which are taken chiefly from Serville. The North American sjiecies of this genus approach very near to Ste- nohothrus, and might well be placed under that genus, as Fischer has done with most of the European species. I have retained it for the pnrjiose ot including Mr. Scudder's species, which I have not seen, and a species discov- ered in Kansas by Mr. Charles R. Dodge. Cr. clnrnfiiN, sp. nov. Male. — Small size ; antennae clavate ; elytra without spots. Vertex scarcely expanding in front of the eyes ; the margins obtuse, elevated, meet- ing in front in an angle a little less than a right-angle; apex obtuse; lateral foveolaj distinct, linear. Face oblique and slightly rounded ; frontal costa very prominent, not sulcate at any point, gradually expanding below, it and the entire face densely punctured ; the lateral carinas distinct ; the sulcus that extends from the eye downward sharp and distinct. Antennae passing the thorax ; the joints in the middle portion somewhat distinct ; the apex formed into a flattened club, very distinct; the cylindrical, basal portion con- sists of about seventeen joints, usual form; tlie club of about seven joints, much shortened. Pronotum broadest and slightly swollen near the front, somewhat contracted posteriorly ; the three carinse about equally distinct, approximate, the lateral curve inwardly, making the nearest approach to each other a little in advance of the middle; sub-truncate in front, very obtusely . rounded behind. Elytra and wings nearly as long as the abdomen ; the nervules of the disk and Ibwer field of the former scalariform. Sub-anal jjlate elongate, prow-shaped, keeled, entire at the tip, which is sub-acute. Venter and pectus densely jMjnctured. Anterior tibias grooved externally/and broad toward the apex. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Face and cheeks mottled with testaceous and brown; back of the head reddish-brown. Disk of the onotum reddish-brown, with a brassy luster ; sides with the upper portion rown, the lower margin testaceous. Elytra pale-brownish, without spots. The abdominal segments marked on each side with a black spot, those on the basal segment largest, decreasing in size toward the apex, where they are almost obliterated. Ventral portion pale-yellow. Anterior legs carneous; posterior femoia with the upper portion of the external face rufous, yellow 97 beneatli ; internal face black near the base; tibife pale reddish-yellow, spines black. Club of the antennae dusky, rest yellow. Dimensions. — Length, 0.56 inch ; elytra, 0.37 inch ; posterior femora, 0.38 inch; posterior tibia.', 0.32 inch. Kansas (Dodge). CJ. jitimplex, Scudd., Proc. Am. Ent. Soc, II, 305. Front of the head dark brownish-yello^v, spotted with fuscous; median carina on the summit of the head and approximate lateral carinas slight, but distinct, testaceous ; between the two, brownish-fuscous ; a broad, blackish- fuscous streak from the upper edge of the eye backward, bounded above by a black line lying next the lateral carinse; another broad, dull, blackish-fuscous stripe running backward from the lower edge of the eye. Antennae testaceous, fuscous at the base, blackish-fuscous at the tip ; the terminal eight or nine joints depressed, forming an elongated club. Median carina of the prono- tum slight, testaceous ; lateral carinas rather prominent, yellow, bordered on each side, but especially anteriorly, with black ; top of the pronotum brownish-fuscous, deepening in tint toward the lateral carinas ; sides of the pronotum brownish-yellow, clouded with fuscous. Elytra testaceous, diaph- anous toward the apex ; wings pellucid, slightly clouded along the costal border. Hind legs brownish-testaceous ; the superior carina of the femora interrupted with black; spines of the hind tibiae tipped with black. Dimensions. — $ Length, 0.68 inch ; antennae, 0.25 incli ; elytra, 0.5 incli ; hind femora, 0.4 inch. Delaware (Scudder). Section II. — Face vertical or nearly so, in some geneia being some- what curved under at the lower part. The sides of the head generally more or less convex. The sides of the pronotum sometimes compressed, but usually more or less constricted, and transversely ridged, waved, or rugose ; disk seldom regularly flat, as in the previous section ; median carina more or less prominent, and generally interrupted or uneven ; lateral carina3 absent, interrupted, irregular, or slightly prominent, but seldom right-angled, as in the greater number of the genera in the previous section. The remaining genera of CEdipodini belong to this section; yet Boujiedon and Brachypeplus vary so far from the type that it is doubtful whetlier they should be admitted here; the latter genus, and also CE. phoRnicoptera, CE. atrox, and CE. pcUudda approach the previous section in the form of the pronotum. 13 A 98 STETMEOPHYMA, FiisiCh. Arcyptera, Serv., Sciidd. ; Mecostathus, Y'leh. {ex parte); Gomphocerus, Burm., Borck. Head large, gross ; the face somewhat oblique. Vertex obtuse or sub- obtuse; the lateral foveolse triangular or oblong-quadrangular; but these are sometimes indistinct and at others entirely obliterated even in the same species ; frontal costa rather broad. Eyes sub-depressed. Antennae of medium length, filiform. Pronotum flattened above, tricarinate; the median carina somewhat acute, and tlie lateral rather obtuse, sub-parallel, or slightly divergent postei'iorly ; the three transverse furrows undulate, the posterior only cutting the median carina ; the sides marked more or less with im- pressed lines. The prosternum furnished with an obtuse tubercle. Elytra and wings perfect in both sexes, or slightly abbreviated in the female. Legs of the usual structure; the posterior femora moderately dilated. This genus includes the Arcyptera of Serville, the name adopted by Scudder; but as that genus depends upon the expansion of the costal borders of the elytra as its chief characteristic, I prefer Fischer's name. S. lineata, Thos. Syu., Arcyptera lineata, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 1862, VII, 4G2, Vertex of the head broad, slightly swollen at the front border of the eyes; apex docked; edge raised to a ridge, with a medial ridge extending over the whole top of the head ; foveolse small, shallow, triangular. Pronotum rugose ; lateral carinae parallel on the anterior half, somewhat divergent be- hind, not so high as the median, and much broken. Elytra long and slender, with no swollen curves; the costal border not so prominent near the base as is usual in this genlis Color. — Dark-brown. A narrow, curved, dark line extends from the upper border of the eyes to the lateral carina; of the pronotum, and is the inner limit of a broad, brownish-yellow band, which extends from the eye to the lateral carina", whence it continues backward along the carinas ; below this, upon the upper border of tiie side, extends another broad, black band from the eye to the hind edge of the pronotum ; the median carina is black. The elytra have the costal edge dark, beneath which is a yellow streak ex- tending from the base to the costal border at about two-thirds the distance to the apex ; beneath this is a band, narrow and black at ])ase, broadening 99 lill it occupies the whole width of the elytra, becoming brown toward the tip, while the inner border is yellowish-brown. The wings dusky, the internal half with a yellowish tinge. Legs dark-brown ; liind femora black on the outer and inner surfaces, reddish-brown above, coral-red below, with a white spot near the apex; tip black. Hind tibiae yellow, with black spines; the base and tips black, and a dusky annulation below the knee. Dimensions. — $ Length, 1 inch. 9 Length, 1.4 inches; elytra, 1.12 inches ; hind femora, 0.72 inch. Massachusetts (Scudder). S. gracilis, Thos. Syn., Arcyptera gracilis, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Ili.st., 1SG2, VII, 463. Vertex of the head as in S. lineata, except that it is more pointed, nar- rower, and more rounded at the tip ; foveolae long and narrow, triangular, and rather deep. Pronotum as in S. lineata. Elytra as in 8. "platyptera, though the costal border is not so much swollen. Color. — Dark-brown. Markings of the head and pronotum much as in S. lineata, though not so distinct. The band on the upper border of the sides of the pronotum behind the eye is narrow instead of broad. Elytra uniform dusky -brown. Wings as in *S. lineata. Posterior femora reddish ; tips black. Hind tibiae as in tS. lineata, with the markings rather more distinct. Dimensions. — ^ Length, 0.85 inch; elytra, 0.78 inch; hind femora, 0.52 inch. Maine (Packard); Red River Settlements in British America (Scudder.) I am unacquainted with these species, yet I feel waiTanted, from the descriptions alone, in expressing the opinion that this and the following are but varieties of S. lineata. S. platyptera, Thos. Syn., Arcyptera platyptera, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., 18G2, VII, 403. Vertex of the head much as in S. lineata, with the apex more rounded . and the edge scarcely prominent ; foveolse only discernible as faint depres- sions, slightly longer than in S. lineata. Sides of the pronotum regularly but slightly divergent posteriorly ; median carina more prominent ; pronotum 100 rugose, as in the other species. Elytra short and broad ; costal border con- siderably swollen near the base ; the internal border full. Color. — Dark reddish-brown ; marked on the head and pronotum as in S. lineata, but with the colors much supjiressed. Elytra uniform pale- brownish, transparent. Wings transparent, colorless, with the nervures of the anterior half black. Dimensions. — 2 Length, 1.2 inches; elytra, 0.83 inch; hind femora, 0.G8 inch. New England (Scudder). TKA«®CEFHA£.A, Marr. Body compressed on the sides, narrow. Head narrow, acuminate in front ; the part in front of the eyes about equal to the portion behind them. Vertex elongate-triangular ; the front angle generally acute, especially in the males ; slightly deflexed ; the margins more or less raised ; lateral foveolse, when present, triangular, but when obsolete they are represented by flat, tri- angular spaces. Eyes sub-globose, rather prominent. Antennae short, sel- dom reaching the tip of the pronotum in the female, thick, somewhat flat- tened, and slightly enlarged toward the tip ; joints very short. Frontal costa very prominent above, generally sulcate ; face sub-oblique and somewhat curved under toward the breast. Pronotum compressed, slightly constricted near the anterior border ; narrowed in front and expanding posteriorly ; slightly angled in front, posterior extremity generally acute-angled ; median carina somewhat prominent, straight, or very slightly arcuate, usually entire; lateral carinas sometimes obsolete or indistinct, especially in the females, often distinct throughout in the males ; sides of the disk sloping upward to the median carinae. Elytra and wings rather narrow, passing the abdomen. Middle legs longer than the anterior pair ; posterior femora moderately in- flated, generally longer than the abdomen. Presternum unarmed. Species of medium size. T. obioita. Syn., Stoiobothrus obionus, Tiios., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 279. Vertex narrow, somewhat deflexed ; margins raised, acute, sub-parallel, acutely rounded at the apex. Face sub-vertical, the lower part curved under toward t he breast ; frontal costa prominent, expanding slightly below, flat or 101 slightly silicate. Proiiodim moderately compressed on tlic sides, sliglitlv constricted in the middle ; the three carinre distinct, the lateral converjjinff in front, diverging posteriorly ; the median stnaiglit on top, rather prominent, cut by a cross incision a little in advance of the middle; the interspaces of the disk slightly ascending toward the median carina; the angle of the front border very obtuse, scarcely apparent ; the posterior extremity about right- angled or slightly obtuse. Antennfe short, thick, somewhat flattened, and slightly enlarged towai'd the apex ; joints short. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen. Cerci of the male rather longer than usual. ^ Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Testaceous-brown, varied with olive or purplish. Face pale-olive or purplish, varied with light and dark shades ; cheeks and vertex brown ; a very narrow yellow line runs from the hind border of the eye to the lateral carinas of the pronotum. Pronotum testaceous, the anterior lobes being darkest; sides brown on anterior half, rest olive or pale-purple ; disk of the male dark-brown ; in the female the mar- gins are striped with paler brown or ash. Elytra pale reddish-brown ; apex translucent ; the middle field marked with large fuscous or brown spots ; some two or i-hree are also on the lower field. Posterior femora with three oblique brown bands. Dimensions. — 5 Length, 0.8 to 1 inch; elytra, 0.66 inch; hind femora, 0 52 inch. <5 Length, 0.65 inch ; hind femora, 0.4 inch. Colorado (Thomas). Remark — This species varies somewhat from the typical form of this genus, approaching very near to CE. atroz and CE. iJellucida in general form and appearance; but in the form of the vertex and antennae approaches nearer to Tragocephala than any other genus. T. paciUca, sp. nov. Male. — Very narrow, much compressed. Vertex much prolonged in front, the portion in front of the eyes equal one-half the length of the head ; margins much elevated, sharp, inclosing a lanceolate fpveola, which has a short median carina in the hind portion of it ; lateral foveolte sub-distinct, triangular. Face slightly oblique, nearly straight, the lower part being a httle curved ; frontal costa very prominent, very narrow at the apex, gradu- ally expanding from there to the base ; a sharp, distinct sulcus commences opposite the antennae and continues to the clypeus ; lateral carinoe distinct. 102 but not prominent. Antennae short, not reaching the iip of (he pronotnm, broad and flattened, and slightly enlarged toward tlie apex; tip acuminate. Pronotum narrow, compressed-at the sides, somewhat constricted in advance of the middle, and diverging from this point posteriorly ; median carina sharp, somewhat elevated, nearly straight on top, continuous ; lateral carinas distinct but not elevated, somewhat acute and nearly parallel on the front lobe, diverging from thence to the hind border; front margin obtuse-angled; hind margin acute-angled. Elytra and wings extend beyond the extremity of the abdomen about one-fourth their length ; the nervules in the apical portion of the elytra rather prominent. Posterior femora extend beyond the apex of the abdomen ; upper carina very prominent and sharp. Color (dried). — Dark ash-brown, with some lighter shades, unspotted. Posterior femora generally dull-yellowish, with a few oblique darker streaks, especially on the upper carina ; posterior tibiae dusky. Wings transparent, with a faint greenish-yellow tinge at the base ; apex and anterior portion slightly fuliginous ; nerves black, and an opaque, black stripe along the anteri(jr margin. Dimensions. — Length, 0.r)4 inch; elytra, 0.44 inch; hind femora, 0.87 inch. California (Thomas). T. iniu^cata, Harr., Rep., 3d ed., 181. Syu., Gompliocerus infuscata, Uhler, Id Harr. Eep., 3d ed., 181. Male. — Head and thorax narrow^, and compressed at the sides. Vertex strongly advanced in front of the eyes, acnte-angled ; margins elevated, sharp ; lateral foveolaj. almost obsolete. Frontal costa very prominent, nar- row ; the portion above the ocellus arcuate, solid ; slightly bent in at the ocellus, and sulcate. Antennas rather short, flattened, and slightly enlarged near the apex; the joints much shortened and somewhat distinct. Median carina of the pronotum somewhat prominent, sharp, straight on top, entire; lateral carina?, sub-acute, but not elevated. Color (Ijoth sexes). — Dusky-brown. Elytra faintly spotted with brown. Wings transparent, pale greenish-yellow at the base, with a large dusky cloud near the middle of the hind (outer) border, and an opaque black line on the front margin. Posterior femora pale, with two large black spots on the inside; posterior tibia? lirown, with darker spines. 103 Dimensions. — Length, 0.65 to 0.8 inch ; elytra, 0.G2 to 0 TT) inch. Massachnsetts, Maine, Now Hampshire, Connecticut (Scudder); Illinois Nebraska, Colorado (Thomas). This is very closely allied to T. pacjfica, and, if it were not for the widely-separated localities in which they are found, they might be considered as varieties of one species. T. Tiridifasciata, Harr., Rep., 3d ed., 182, PL iii, Fig. 2. Syu., Gryllus viridifasciatus, Geoze., Ent. Beitr., II, 115. inrginianus, Fabr., Syst. Eutoui., 291. {Locusta) chrysomclas, Gmelin, Liuu., Syst. Nat., IV, 2086. virginia)ius, Goeze., Eiit. Beitr., II, 106. Locufsia viridifasciata, Harr., Ilitcb., Eep., 583. Acrydium viridifasciatum, De Geer (Geoze.), Ins., Ill, 325, Tab. xlii, Fig. 6. marfiinaiiim, Oliv., Eiic. iiK^tbod., VI, 229. vh-ginianum, Oliv., Ene. metbod., VI, 225. liemipierwn, Pal. Beanv., Ins., 145, PI. iv. Fig. 3. Gomphocerus viricUfasciattis, Uliler, in Harr., Rep., 3d ed., 182, note. (Edipoda virginiana, Burni., Haudb. Ent., II, 045. Vertex triangular, acuminate, blunt at the tip, not deflexed ; margins slightly elevated ; lateral foveolse very shallow or obsolete, triangular, the apex forward. Frontal costa prominent; sides nearly parallel; solid, and slightly arcuate above the ocellus, punctured ; sulcate below it in the males, and slightly sulcate in the females; the margins obtuse; lateral carinse slightly prominent, arcuate. Median carina of the pronotum prominent, continuous, and slightly arcuate in the female ; a dim, transverse incision in front of the middle is visible in some specimens ; lateral carinae obliterated in front, slightly ajiparent on the posterior lobe ; front margin extending on the occiput in an obtuse angle; posterior extremity acute-angled. Elytra and wings pass the abdomen, obliquely sub-truncate at the apex. Upper carina of the posterior femora somewhat elevated near the base ; jiostcrior tibiae deeply channeled exteriorly. Antenna3 short, robust, enlarged, and flattened near the apex. Sub-anal plate of the male tumid, ending in a l)!unt point, entire, hairy ; cerci prominent, somewhat flattened, longer than tiic triangular super-anal plate. Color. — Head, thorax, exterior face of the posterior femora, and a broad stripe along the lower margin of the elytra grass-green. Parts of the mouth, antennae entire under surface, and the four anterior legs a shining reddish- brown. The upper or posterior half of the elytra asli-ljrown, witii a narrow 104 stripe of the same color along the anterior margin ; the green of the elytra iiudclenly decreases a little beyond the middle, the apical third licing cliielly brownish. Wings transparent yellow at the base ; the apical two-thirds fuliginous; paler at the apex. Posterior tibiaB with a white ring near the base, rest pale vermilion or blue ; tarsi reddish. .9 Figured, Harr., Rep., 3d ed., PL iii, Fig. 2. Var. radiata. Syu., T. radiata, Harr., Eep., 3d ecL, 183. Head and thorax ash-brown, streaked and dotted with black and dark- brown. Elytra dark- brown where in the other variety they are green; anterior margin near the base pale, with a black spot at the angular expansion. Exterior face of the posterior femora cinereous ; posterior tibiae dark-blue below the pale ring. The notch in the median carina is more apparent in this variety than the other. Males much smaller, and darker. Dimensions. — 2 Length, 1.1 to 1.25 inches ; elytra, 0.9 inch ; posterior femora, 0.6 inch; posterior tibise, 0.5 inch, ^j Length, 0.84 inch; elytra, 0.62 inch; posterior femora, 0.45 inch; posterior tibise, 0.42 inch. Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut (Scudder) ; Maryland (Uhler) ; Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Florida, Mississippi (Thomas). TOMOWfOTIJS, Sauss. The body compressed on the sides. Antennse flattened or tiliform, rather short. Face vertical, more or less curved below. The vertex horizontally produced or sub-deflexed, triangular in front ; the median foveola flat or transversely indented, the front part horizontal or slightly elevated, a slight median carina, truncate, and closed in front ; margins raised ; lateral foveolse triangular, the inner margin arcuate. The face somewhat compressed, and' more or less prismatic ; the frontal costa very prominent, its sides parallel, more or less sulcate, and generally bisulcate above the ocellus. The prono- tum obtuse-angled in front; hind margin acute-angled; median carina cristate or sub-cristate, continuous ; no lateral carinas on the anterior lobes, obtuse or sub-acute on the posterior lobe. Elytra and wings usually extending beyond the apex of the abdomen. Posterior femora compressed and dilated. Pro- sternum unarmed. This genus has much the appearance of Tropeonotus, but differs in having the face vertical, and the crest of the pronotum is generally less prominent; the femora are dilated and tlie prosteruum unarmed. It also appioaches Pachytilus. 105 T. sulphm-eus, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XTII, 1861, 321. Syii., (Edipoda snlphurea, Burin., Handb. Ent., II, 643. Gryllus sulphureus, Fabr., Syst. Ent., II, 59, {Lomsta) sulphureus, Gmel., Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 2079. Acridium stdpliureum, Oliv., Enc. Metb., VI, 227. Locusta sulplmrea, Harr., Eep., 177, PI. i, Fig. 6. Foveola of the vertex in the female slightly transverse, divided by a median carina, triangular in front, the margins connecting in front or approaching near to each other in a right angle ; in the male somewhat elongate ; the frontal costa prominent, sub-tricarinate above the ocellus, very -slightly sulcate below it; face, seen from the side, slightly arcuate. Median carina of the pronotum prominent, sub-cristate, entire, very slightly arcuate ; front margin obtuse-angled, slightly advanced upon the occiput ; apex about right-angled ; lateral carinse obsolete ; surface rugulose. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen. Posterior femora passing the abdomen. Antennse in the female scarcely reaching the tip of the pronotum ; proportionally longer in the male. Color. — Dusky-brown, varying from an ashen to a dark hue. Elytra rather j^aler than the head and thorax, more or less distinctly spotted with brown. Wings deep-yellow at the base and on the basal half of the front margin, bounded externally by a dusky-brown band beyond the middle, which curves and is prolonged on the hind margin, but does not reach the anal angle; a sub-marginal ray of the dark, extending two-thirds the distance to the base, separates the yellow of the margin from that of the disk ; apex translucent, dusky. Posterior femora black inside, with two white bands; posterior tibiae dusky, with a pale ring near the base ; middle sometimes bluish. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.10 inches ; elytra, 0.95 inch ; posterior femora, 0.6 inch ; posterior tibise, 0.54 inch, s Length, 0.75 to 0.85 inch. Maine (Packard) ; Connecticut (Smith); Massachusetts (Harris); Colo- rado, Southern Illinois, Tennessee, Missouri, Nebraska (Thomas); Florida, Eocky Mountains, Vancouver's Island (Walker). T. xaiafilaopteffus, Thos. Syn., (Edipoda xanilioptera, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 643. Acridium xantliopterum, De Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Oitliop., 143. This is very closely allied to and possibly only a variety of CE. sulplmrea; but there are some differences which appear to be permanent, and to consti- 14 A 106 . lute il a separate species. These differences, which will sufficiently describe it, arc as follows : The margins of the vertex do not connect so closely in front. The median carina of the pronotum is higher and more rounded on top, the southern specimens having it more elevated than the northern ; the angle of the anterior margin less obtuse and advanced farther upon the occiput ; tlie posterior angle decidedly acute, and somewhat prolonged. Color. — Thorax generally, though not always, darker than in the former species ; in some specimens there are two yellow dots on the middle of the sides of the pronotum, one above the other, and the front and hind margins are dotted with olive, but these markings are not uniform. The dark ray of the wings, near the front margin, is not more than half as long as in the former species, extending but one-third the distance to the base ; this is remarkably uniform. The posterior femora generally have two oblique dull- yellowish bands on the exterior face, and also a paler and more distinct ring near the apex. Dimensions. — Not very uniform. 9 Length, 1.12 to 1.25 inches; elytra, 1 to 1.05 inches ; 3 Length, 1 to 1.12 inches. Massachusetts, Missouri (Scudder) ; Carolina (Burmeister) ; Tennessee (De Haan, Thomas); Connecticut (Smith); Missouri (Thomas). CE. carinata, Scudd., is very closely allied to this ; and although I have described it as a distinct species on the authority of Dr. Scudder, yet I do not think they are different. T. caraeialu!!!, Thos. Syn., CEdipoda carinata, Scudd., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, II, 306. Closely allied to and scarcely distinct from CE. xanthoptera, Burm. Face, seen from the side, slightly arcuate ; frontal costa but slightly sulcate on lower half; sides parallel. Median carina cristate, sharp, arcuate, entire; lateral carinte nearly obsolete ; anterior margin at the middle jirojecting slightly on the occiput; apex acute-angled. Elytra and wings passing the al)domen. Posterior femora passing the abdomen in the male. Color. — Head blackish, profusely streaked, and spotted with dull bluish- white ; frontal costa and upper half of the clypeiis edged with whitish ; palpi blackish, the joints tipped with luteous. Pronotum dull dark-brown with a short pale streak extending from the lower edge of the eye. Basal third of the elytra dark-brownish fuscous; rest an ashy-brown, profusely and 107 rather regularly sprinkled with small brownish spots. Basal half of the wings pale diill-orange, bordered by a broad fuscous Ijand, occupying the rest of the wing excepting the apex, and encroaching on the orange near the front margin, as in GE. xanthoptera ; apex semi-pellucid, a little fuliginous, darkest at the extreme tip. Hind femora dull-hoary outside, black, with three white bands, inside ; tibiae blackish-brown, with black spines, and a broad pale band near the base. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.2 inches; elytra, 1.2 inches; i">ostcnor tibia", 0.58 inch. 3 Length, 1.1 inches; elytra, 1.14 inches; posterior femora, 0.G5 inch; posterior tibiae, 0.61 inch. Iowa (Dodge, Scudder) ; Missouri (Thomas). T. tenebrosiis, Thos. Syn., (Edipoda tenehrosa, Scudd., U. S. Geo!. Surv. Neb., 251. Tomonotus pseudo-nietanus (rar), Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1870, 82. Closely allied to CE. sulphurea, Burm. Upper part of the head regu- larly convex; central foveola of the vertex sub-elongate, divided by a median carina into two sub-pyriform parts, generally truncate and closed in front; upper part of the frontal costa dimly sub-tricarinate, rest flat, slightly impressed at the ocellus, prominent. Face, seen from the side, arcuate below. Antennae somewhat flattened and enlarged toward the apex. Me- dian carina of the pronotum distinct, somewhat prominent, nearly straight on top, cut near the middle, but not notched ; anterior margin obtusely rounded ; apical angle a little more than a right angle ; lateral carinas sub-distinct ; disk of the posterior lobe nearly flat. Elytra and wings pass the abdomen. Color. — Nearly uniform dark -fuscous, males often quite black ; front of head with somewhat pale markings. Pronotum above, dull dirty-yellow, with dots and streaks of fuliginous ; hind femora banded, with yellow near the apex ; hind tibiae with a dull-reddish band next the base, followed by a darker band. Eljtra almost uniformly mottled with fuscous, the outer half inter- spersed with paler spots. Wings pale-red at the base, the whole outer border obscured by a broad, dark, fuliginous band, slightly paler at the extreme tip, projecting sharply inward almost to the base of the wing near the costal margin. Antennae fuscous, basal third j^aler. Dimensions (according to Scudder). — 5 Length to tip of elytra, 1.8 inches. '-"^(^<^»'(^nnu. i coralliiyes. ce. Inside of the i)osterior femora yellow, crossed by three black bands rugosa. cc. Thorax not very broad ; vertex of moderate width ; disk of the pronotum uot tuberculate J median carina more or less promi- nent : d. Elytra marked with groups of fuscous spots, forming about three irregular bands : e. General color ash-gray, mottled with dusky-brown and white. . . wqualis. ce. General color dark reddish-brown ... - collaris. dd. Elytra in no way banded : c. Elytra marbled with large whitish and black spots marmorata. ce. Elytra ash-yellow, with a broad stripe of fuscous dots and small spots along the middle wyommgiana. aa. Median carina of the prouotum eut by two transverse incisions : h. Elytra crossed by three distinct, well-defined, dark bands* trifasciata. hi). Elytra not thus distinctly three-banded : c. Antenna} very long, especially in the male eucerata. cc. Antennae of medium length : d. Wings with distinct dark or fuscous bands across them : e. Back of the head very convex, elevated plattei. ce. Back of the head of the usual form : /. Elytra having on the lower field two sub-quadrate black spots, separated by an oblong whitish space cincta. ff. Elytra otherwise marked : g. Elytra marked with dark spots, which run together at the base and form an irregular band across the middle verruculata. gg. Elytra sprinkled with minute brown dots chiefly along the mid- dle and lower half maritima. dd. Wings without distinct dark or fuscous bands across them : e. Apical half of the wings dusky or clouded ; border not regularly undulated gracilis. ee. Apical half of the wings cloudy or semi-transparent ; border regularly undulated undulata. AA. Wings pellucid : a. Median carina of the pronotum equal, or nearly so, throughout ; not much interrupted : h. Wings slightly clouded at the outer and along the costal border, costalis. bb. Wings not clouded : c. Median carina of the pronotum solid, not severed atrox. cc. Median carina of the pronotum cut by a cross incision pellucida. aa. Median carina of the prouotum not equal throughout; much interrupted : b. Back of the head elevated ; clay-yellow, with fuscous spots and dots Moica. bb. Back of the head as usual ; testaceous parviceps. * (E. hoffmaiuiii, Thos., is closely allietl to (E. Irifasciaia ; l)ut the only speeiuieu seen is too imperfect to give the species a place iu the table with suffioiout certainly. Ill Division 1. — The head somewhat narrowed above, the back of it not elevated ; the vertex somewhat narrow or of but moderate width, slightly advanced in front of the eyes. Eyes more or less ovate. Median carina of the pronotura somewhat elevated, more or less notched; sides of the disk somewhat sloping; lateral carinae sub- obsolete or indistinct and obtuse on the anterior lobes; in a few cases they re-apjiear near the front margin in a sub-acufe form. Posterior femora broad at the base, but less so than in the third division of the genus, the maximum of this division being found in CE. Carolina and CE coUaris. This division, in the form of the head and thorax, is closely allied to Tomonotus. , one along each lateral carina.. Wings pale transparent-yellow next the base (possibly pale-red when living) ; apical half dusky, the inner portion darkest, and forming a rather narrow, irregular band, whicli curves but slightly on the lateral margin, approaching but very little toward the anal angle ; the rest of the apical portion clouded ; the intermediate portion between the band and apex somewhat transparent. Lower channel and inside of the posterior femora black ; a pale ring near the apex. Antennae fuscous, with yellow annulations. Dimensions. — Length, 0.85 inch ; elytra, a little longer than the body, 0.9 to 0. '5 inch ; hind femora, 0.46 inch; posterior tibige, 0.4 inch. Colorado, Wyoming (Thomas). I have specimens which are probably females of this species, but am in doubt in regard to them. €E. kiovra, Thos., Geol. Surv, Terr., 1871, 461. Size small, and the top of the head convex and elevated, as in CE. lon- gipes, Charp. Vertex broad ; central foveola quadrate or sub-hexagonal, with a channel in front, connecting with the sulcus of the frontal costa; lateral foveolse distinct ; frontal costa rather narrow, distinctly sulcate throughout. Eyes very prominent, slightly oblong. Pronotum more than usually con- tracted a little in advance of the middle, tricarinate ; the median carina dis- tinct, but not very prominent, twice notched, the posterior notch about the middle ; lateral carinse distinct on the posterior lobe, indistinct on the front portion ; disk somewhat rugose ; angle of the hind border a little larger than a right angle. Elytra and wings rather narrow, passing the abdomen. 16 A 122 Color. — Parts of the mouth, pectus, and venter pale-yellow. Face ash- brow n ; cheeks dusky; from the upper edge of the eyes a pale stripe runs back to the pronotum ; the occiput fades backward from brown to yellow. Pronotum dusky, with paler spots. A narrow, yellow stripe along the angles of the elytra; the upper field dusky; three fuscous bands across them, the one nearest the apex generally more or less obliterated by the transparency of this part. Wings pellucid, with a few dusky dots near the apex; nerves of the apex dusky. Posterior femora, with three oblique, indistinct, brown bands, black inside at base; tibiae blue ; tarsi yellow. Dimensions. — 5 Length, 0.87 inch ; elytra, 0.86 inch ; hind femora, 0.52 inch. Colorado, Nebraska (Thomas). €E. cincta, Thos., Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 80.— Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 275. Female. — The liead, seen from the side, shows the crown somewhat elevated, the eyes also standing high. Vertex deflexed, broad, sub-hexagonal; the front portion prolonged; the margins continuous with the sides of the frontal costa. Frontal costa narrow above, gradually expanding below, and sulcate throughout. Pronotum short, the length not exceeding the depth, strongly contracted a little in advance of the middle ; the disk somewhat rugose, that of the posterior lobe nearly flat ; the median carina slightly elevated on the front lobes, twice distinctly notched, the middle portion shortest and rounded; the whole of the disk, especially the posterior lobe, more or less covered with small tubercles; lateral cariniB obsolete on the anterior lobes, and obtuse and indistinct on the posterior lobe; the posterior angle a little larger than a right angle. Elytra and wings extend beyond the apex of the abdomen. Posterior femora rather short, not reaching the tip of the abdomen in the female; broad at base, with a sharp, elevated npper carina, which suddenly decreases about one-third the length from the apex; the lower edge generally hairy. Antennae longer than the head and prono- tmn, filifc)rm. Color. — Fuscous and pale yellowish-brown or ash, about equally distrib- uted ih stripes and spots, the ash or yellowish-brown portions more or less mot- tled with fuscous dots and points. The dark on the head as follows: two stripes running back from each eye, one IVoni the upper, the other from tiie lower 123 corner; the lower portion of the cheeks and the lower margin of the face; and some dots on the margins of the frontal costa. On the pnmotum a broad, pale stripe runs along each lateral carina, converging in front of the middle; the margins of the posterior lobe are pale, joined interiorly by a black stripe; the central space pale ; the sides marked with alternate stripes of pale and fuscous. Elytra fuscous at the base, becoming transparent a little beyond the middle, where the netted nervules suddenly cease ; a narrow, whitish line along the angle: the lower tield has two sub-quadrate black spots separated by an elongate, whitish spot. Wings transparent ; base greenish-yellow ; a narrow, fuscous band across, the middle; apex pellucid, with a few fuscous dots at the tip. Posterior femora ash-colored, with three black spots on the upper margin of the outer face; base and a band on the inside black. Posterior tibite with a broad, white ring near the base, rest blue ; tarsi yellow. ' Venter and pectus white. Dimensions. — Length, 1 inch; elytra, 0.92 inch; posterior femora, 0.56 inch; posterior tibiae, 0.48 inch. Colorado, Wyoming, Southern Illinois (Thomas). ©Ii©FIItr(^, laov. gen. Medium size, slender. Head short, depth about twice the length; width about equal the length, sides parallel ; front straight, nearly vertical ; occiput rounded; eyes eUiptical ; antennae robust, passing the thorax, about 22-jointed. Pronotum compressed, slightly converging in front; the dor- sum elevated into a strong arcuate crest, equaling one-third the entire depth of the pronotum; the front advanced in an angle upon the occiput, the pos- terior extremity extending in an acute angle upon the base of the elytra; no lateral carinse ; no transverse sutures crossing the crest ; the posterior lateral margins regularly rounded inwardly fiom the lower angle to the apex. Elytra and wings ample, rather narrow. Abdomen slender; apex of the male sub-conical, with a minute, rounded notch at the tip. Legs long and slender; posterior femora slender, but slightly enlarged at the base; poste- rior tibiae spined almost their entire length ; first joint of the posterior tarsi elongate, nearly twice the length of the ultimate joint, Prosternum smooth, not spined. Syn., Gryllus formosus, Say, Am. Eutoin., Lc Conte'.s ed., vol. I, 78, PI. xxxiv, Fig. 2. Occiput elevated, convex ; vertex much deflexed, margins elevated and continuous with the sides of the frontal costa; no lateral foveolse. Face straight ; frontal costa deeply sulcate ; sides parallel ; lateral carinae distinct, rather prominent. Antennae longer than the head and pronotum, sub- cylindrical. Sides of the pronotum marked with irregular impressed lines ; sides of the crest minutely tuberculate; the posterior half of the top den- ticulate ; anterior and posterior margins acute-angled. Elytra and wings extend about one-fourth their length beyond the abdomen. Color. — Pale-green. Antennae yellowish. Head ashy-yellow; the lower sides of the pronotum pale-green or cinereous; the crest green, with two 139 yellow radii each side, and the anterior and posterior margins yellow. Elytra pale-green, with about six large brown Spots on each, which are paler in the center than near the circumference. Wings pellucid, with a pale greenish- yellow tinge on the basal portion. Hind tibiaj carneous. Dimensions. — ,? Length, 1.1 inches; elytra, 1.1 inches; hind femora, 0.76 inch ; hind tibiae, 0.75 inch. Upper Arkansas (Say) ; Colorado, Wyoming (Thomas). STAUROIVOTIIS, Fisch. Body smaller medium size. Head large, globose; face high, slightly deflexed ; vertex very obtuse ; lateral foveolse broad and short, almost contig- uous in front, usually quadrilateral ; from these, on each side between the eyes, little, short carinte run backward. The frontal costa is obliterated near the clypeus ; the lateral carinte distinct ; the cheek carinas abbreviated above. Eyes oblong, somewhat globose. Antennae sub-cylindrical or sub-compressed. Pronotum sub-truncate in front; posterior angle obtuse or sub-acute; distinctly constricted before the middle ; median carina distinct, entire ; lateral carinae only distinct posteriorly (the humeral angles tumid), sub-converging near the middle ; on the anterior portion there is often a pale cross in the form of an X; the transverse sulcus in front of the middle. The prosternum sub-tumid in the middle. Elytra and wings full-sized. Legs pilose, of the usual form. Abdomen sub-carinate above. HippoiJedon, Sauss., approaches rather too near this genus to l)c distin- guished as a sepai'ate group. St. elllotti, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1870, p. 82, and Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr, 1870, p. 277. Male and female. — Head large, widest below ; face sul5-vertical ; vertex slightly deflexed ; foveolae shallow, the central one broad, the lateral sub-tri- angular, the points of the three meeting in a sharp angle midway between the upper angle of the eye and the base of the antennae; frontal costa not sulcate, narrowed above ; lateral carinas distinct, strongly divergent. Eyes medium size, ovate. Pronotum short, sub-truncate in front; posterior angle obtuse and rounded ; the three transverse incisions distinct and closely approximate, first shortest, second and third connected at their termini on the sides by an oblique impression ; the inedian carina distinct, not elevated ; lateral carinae distinct on the posterior lobe, and sub-distinct on the front of tlie anterior lol)e ; the 140 spaces on the anterior lobe between the median and lateral carina; depressed like shallow basins. Elj'tra and wings abont as long as the abdomen. Pos- terior femora inflated near the base, attenuate near the tips. Pectus not broader than the head. AntennsB filiform, as long as the head and pronotum. Anal appendages of the female very short and blunt. Color (siccus). — Yellow, varied with brown. Head yellow ; occiput dotted with brown, sometimes forming imperfect, waved lines; antennae pale at the base, the remainder brown. Pronotum with a pale-yellow cross on the back ; beginning at the posterior lateral angles of the disk, the stripes converge anteriorly, and, crossing about the middle, fade on the anterior lobe; there is a triangular brown spot between these stripes on the posterior lobe; sides brownish, fading below. Elytra brown ; a yellow stripe along the inner margin ; lower half dotted with dark-brown. Wings transparent; veins white, except at the apex, where they are dusky (it is possible these are slightly tinged with blue when living). Posterior femora yellow, with two or three oblique brownish sjDots near the upper edge, which cross and become distinct bands on the inside ; knee brown ; tibiae dusky above and at the tips, rest yellow (bluish in living specimens). Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.07 inches; to tip of elytra, 1.10 inches; to end of pronotum, 0 34 inch; posterior femora, 0.62 inch. $ Length, 0.88 inch ; posterior femora, O.'GO inch. Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana (Thomas). IlS>©PEI>®lf, Thos. Head large, exceeding the thorax in width, widest below; seen from the side presents a somewhat semicircular outline; deflexed below ; occiput large, convex ; vertex sloping, broad, sometimes exhibiting a shallow foveola or de- pression, usually iTiomboidal, with a slight median carina ; frontal costa prom- inent, not sulcate, margins obtuse, and nearly parallel. Antennae nearly as long as the head and thorax, filiform, inserted in deep oblong foveolae. Pro- notum of medium length; sides parallel; sub-truncate in front; posterior margin obtusely rounded; three transverse incisions sub-distinct, the posterior about the middle, cutting the median carina; median carina distinct, lateral obsolete. Elytra shorter than the abdomen in the female, about the length of the abdomen in the male; inflated near the base, narrowed at the apex; two longitudinal nerves dividing the entire surtiice into three nearly equal fields. Posterior femora stout, passing the abdomen ; tibiae enlarged at the 141 1i[). Ultimate joint of the maxillary palpi enlarged at the tip, truncate. Pro- sternuin unarmed ; anterior half tumid. Anal appendages of the female short and obtuse; sub-anal plate of the male keeled, trigonal, and tunied up. B. nubiluiu, Thos., Hay den's Geol. Surv. Ter., 1870, 272. Syn., Oryllus nuMlus, Say, Ent. N. Am. Ed'n Lee, II, 237. Boopedon nigrum, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 83. Medium size ; female much larger than the male. Female. — Occiput smooth, a few punctures on the vertex, a laint median line visible: eyes about midway between the front and back margins of the head ; frontal costa convex, with a very slight indeutation at the ocellus, ])unctured on the margins, reaching nearly to the clypeus, suddenly expand- ing below ; lateral carinse distinct, obtuse, sinuate, and divergent ; a deep sulcus below each eye. Pronotum nearly as broad as the head ; median carina distinct; posterior lobe punctate ; central portions of the sides levi- gate ; cross incisions one and two not reaching the median carina. Elytra nari'ow, about two-thirds the length of the abdomen, lanceolate ; the two longitudinal veins strong, approaching each other, at the apex, along the external margin ; the nervules coarse. Wings shorter than the elytra. Color (dried after immersion). — Dark, shining, almost uniform ferrugi- nous; lower angles of the face and sides of the labrum black; tips of the elytra black ; apex of the wings dusky, rest transparent ; two reddish spots inside the posterior femora; tibiae a transparent-red. When living the color is the same, except that the disk of the wings is a greenish-blue'; in one variety there is a white ring around the posterior femora near the apex. Male. — Similar only darker. Elytra black, somewhat paler at the base; wings transparent, tinged with blue, clouded at the apex. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.5 inches; pronotum, 0.35 inch ; elytra, 0.55 inch; hind femora, 0.95 inch; hiiui tibiae, 0.80. $ Length, 0.87 inch; pro- notum, 0.25 inch; elytra, 0.55 inch ; hind femora, 0.62 inch ; hind tibiae, 0.56 inch. Near the Rocky Mountains (Say); Southeastern Colorado, Northern New Mexico, and Western Kansas (Thomas). B. flavo-fesciatuiM, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 84. — Hay- den's Geol. Surv. Ter., 1870, 27.3. Female. — Carving and figure much the same as the female of B. nuUlum, 142 differing only in this, tliat the anterior transverse incision is less distinct, and the impressed line on the side of the pronotum near the front is more dis- tinct; foveoia of the vertex very shallow, divided into two parts by a slight median carina ; frontal ridge convex, sparsely punctured. Color (dried after immersion).— Yellow, varied with brown. Head yellow; lower angles of the face black; a very distinct yellow line, starting from the upper corner of each eye, extends back to the posterior margin of the pronotum, bowing inward near the middle, bordered on each side by an irregular, dark-brown line ; a dark line borders each eye posteriorly. Median carina of the pronotum dark-brown or piceous; the transverse incisions blackish ; rest of the pronotum brownish, palest on the sides. Elytra formed as in B. 7iubUum, brown, a pale-yellow stripe near the upper and lower mar- gins of each, the upper one having a notch on its lower margin ; three oblong yellow spots in a row along the middle, and a few smaller spots of the sanje near the apex ; they reach the tliird abdominal segment. Wings transparent, dusky at the apex. A brown stripe along each side of the abdomen, near the dorsum ; a yellow spot in it on each segment, near the upper border. Ven- ter yellow. Male unknown. Dimensions. — Length, 1.5 inches; pronotum, 0.38 inch; elytra, 0.5 inch; hind femora, 0.85 inch ; hind tibia?, 0.70 inch. Southeastern Colorado, Northern New Mexico (Thomas). BRACHYPEPHS, Charp. Body very robust, acridoid. Occiput broad, convex, smooth ; vertex margined ; frontal costa broad, short, slightly sulcate, expanding below ; lateral carinse distinct, with a sulcus beliind them ; antennal foveolae deep, oblong ; cheeks prominent. Pronotum large, elongate ; tricarinate ; carinae equally distinct, slightly elevated, continuous ; widest below and expanding posteriorly; sides straight, flat; disk shagreened; sides glabrous; no transverse incisions on the disk; anterior margin rounded, extending slightly on t'^'' occiput; jjosterior margin i-ound. Elytra and wings rudimentary (in 1 known species). Legs very robust ; posterior femora as long as the abdomc swollen ; tibiae strongly spined nearly their entire length. Antennae filiform joints distinct ; long as the head and thorax. Sub-anal plate of the mal tumid, entire; cerci very short; female appendages stout, broad. Palpi short, joints all enlarged at the tip ; the three outer joints of the maxillary 143 palpi nearly equal, the ultimate a little the longest. Prosternum neither spined nor tuberculate. Abdomen somewhat compressed, carinated above. B niagniiix, Girard, Marcy's Expl. Red Riv. La., 260, PI. xv.. Figs. 1-4. Occiput very slightly irregular, an indistinct line running along the middle to the vertex, a few minute shallow punctures visible ; the elevated margins of the vertex meet in about a right angle at the front ; the frontal costa, although narrowest above and gradually expanding as it descends, is not narrowed opposite the antennre; margins distinct, obtuse; sulcus shallow, expanding and fading below, punctui-ed. Disk of the pronotum strongly shagreened. Elytra squamasform, ovate, reaching the tliird al^dominal segment; nerves longitudinal, slightly branching near the apex; wings minute. Posterior femora very thick. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol, yet varying but slightly from the living insect). — Yellow, spotted with brovvi]. Carinas of the pronotum glabrous, sometimes piceous, at others paler, even to yellowish-white ; tlie disk sometimes pale-brownish, with a paler broad stripe each side ; at others, yellowish, and often with an aeneous luster; sides purplish at the upper margin, yellowish below. Elytra light-brown, spotted with black ; wings yellow. Abdomen with a brown spot each side of each segment; each segment is also margined with a ring of whitish dots. Antennje dull purplish-brown. Posterior femora somewhat variable from yellowish to pale-brown, some specimens exhibiting tolerably distinct stripes. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 2 inches; pronotimi, 0.55 inch; elytra, 03 inch; posterior femora, 1.25 inches. Males about one-fourth less. Eastern Wyoming, Eastern Colorado, Nebraska, Texas (Thomas) ; Kan- sas (Dodge) ; near Wachita Mountains (Grirard). * Group 5.-ACRIDINI. Mucronati, Serv., Scudd. ; Acrididce, Walk. This group is distinguished by the vertical face, filiform antenna;, and the spine, which protrudes from the middle of the prosternum. It contains some of the largest species belonging to the family, as Well as some of the most destructive. It is in this group that we find the gigantic species of * There are two varieties of this 'species — I do not think they are distinct — one a dall-green, the other an orange-brown when living. 144 tropical America; and to this group also belong the injurious species of the Eastern States {Caloptenus fe?nu7--rubrum), and the destructive, migratory species of the West {Caloptenus spretus). Most of the species possess ample wings, yet there are many which have them aborted, and some are wholly without wings or elytra. It is represented in the United States by but seven genera, which I have arranged in the following order : Pezotettix, Platyphyma, Ommatolampis, Caloptenus, Chromacris, Acri- dium, Tropidacris. It is true that an examination of the species will satisfy any one that here I have not maintained my descending series ; but I have been com- pelled, in one sense, to vary my plan, in order to bring as near together as possible the closely-allied forms. In fact, the order in which I place the genera in this group may be considered ascending, and the relations may be represented thus (Tryxalini at the head and Tettiginse at the foot) : CEdipoda, &c., to Boopedon, Oxycoryjihus, Brachypeplus, dp' — Pezotettix, Tryxalini. % Platyphyma, Ommatolampis, Caloptenus, Xiphocerini^ Acridium, &c., to Locustini. As a matter of course, this applies only to the genera found in the United States ; if the exotic genera w^ere introduced, the transition would probably be more apparciit, yet the difficulty in arranging the Tcttiginas would not be entirely overcome. Synoptical table of the genera. A. Front border of the pronotum notched Chromacris, A A. Front border of the pronotum entire : a. The dorsum of the pronotum more or less arched from the sides ; no lateral carina; ; extremity of the male abdomen not swollen : h. Pronotum crested, species very large Tropidacris. bh. Median carina of the pronotum not crested Acridium. 145 aa. The dorsum of the prouotuia tlat or obtusely rouuded ; median cariua of the prouotum slight ; lateral carinte somewhat dis- tinct, though obtusely rounded ; abdomen of the male swollen at the extremity : t b. Wings usually as loug or longer than the abdomen : c. Eyes closely approximate above ; vertex sub-hexagonal ; pro- uotum sub-cylindrical Ommatolampis. cc. Byes less approximate above; vertex longitudinally channeled ; lateral carinas sub-distinct Caloptenus. bb. Wings absent or aborted : c. Pi'osternal spine truncate at the apex ; lower border of the sides of the prouotum ungulate Platijplmma. cc. Prostenial spine acute or rounded at the apex ; lower border of the sides of the prouotum straight or obtusely rounded Pezotettix, PESOTETTIX, Beirm. Fodisma, Latr. Fieb. De Borck. ; Acridium {Podisma), Serv. Body medium size ; female narrow posteriorly. Head large ; face per- pendicular, or nearly so ; occiput short, convex ; vertex between the eyes narrow, in front of these short, somewhat deflexed, concave, no lateral foveoloa; frontal costa, lateral carinse, and cheek carinse distinct ; the frontal costa gen- erally convex al)ove the ocellus ; eyes sub-ovate or sub-globose ; aiitennre cylindrical, reaching the tip of the pronotum ; joints somewhat distinct. Pronotum sub-cylindrical, the humeral angles rather more rounded and less distinct than in Caloptenus ; disk sub-convex ; median carina generally oblit- erated on the anterior lobes, more or less distinct on the posterior lobe, sub- truncate in front, truncate or rounded behind, sometimes obtuse-angled, but in the latter instances the posterior lateral margin ascends from the lateral angle to the apex without any entering angle at the humerus ; the three transverse impressions distinct, cutting the median carina; the intermediate one sub- bisinuate ; posterior lobe punctui'ed. Prosternal spine rather short, obtuse ;. pectus broad as the head. Elytra and wings wantiug or abbreviated. Four anterior legs short ; in the male the middle femora much swollen ; posterior femora moderately dilated at the base. Extremity of the male abdomen somewhat swollen and turned up ; cerci generally slender. This genus is sometimes divided into sub-generic groups. SynoiJtical table of the species. A. Without elytra or wings : a. Body slender ; lateral carimc obsolete ; median carina very mi- nute ijlaciaUs. 19 A 146 aa. Body obese ; tboiax broad aud fleshy ; lateral cariua; subdis- tiuct ; median carina distinct ohesa. A A. Elytra present': a. Elytra more than half tUe length of the abdomen : h. Prosterual, spine large, acute, bent on the meso-sternum ; elytra grayish-yellow eiax. bb. Elytra dirty yellowish-brown ; spotted irregularly with darker brown borealis, aa. Elytra not more than half the length of the abdomen : b. Prouotum cylindrical, without cariuaj ; elytra squamieform picta. bb. Pronotum more or less carinated : c. Antenna} very long, equal to the hind femora ; disk of the pro- notum flat, margins acute longicornis. cc. Antennae of ordinary length : d. Wings entirely absent manca. dd. Wings present, though sometimes minute : e. Sides of the pronotum parallel : /. Three carinse equal, distinct ; head not large unicolor. ff. Lateral carin* obtusely rounded ; head large and unusually long behind the eyes, the cranium i^rominent nebrascensis. ee. Sides of the pronotum more or less divergent : /. Anterior border of the pronotum rounded ; posterior border trun- cate zitnniermanni. ff. Anterior border of the prouotum sub-truncate 5 hiud border rounded or augulate : g. Elytra squamous, rotundate, broader than long borckii. gg. Elytra oblong-ovate : h. Posterior femora with three white bands dodgii. hh. Posterior femora as in C. femur-rtibmm scuddcri. P. obesa, Thos., Greol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 454. Prosternal spine very short and obtuse ; body of the female fleshy; elytra and wings absent. Vertex broadly sulcate ; margins prominent, slightly angulate in front of the eyes, and continuous with the margins of the frontal costa; frontal costa broad, flat, slightly sulcate at the ocellus, not reaching the clypeus ; lateral carinas distinct, but not prominent. Pronotum short, expanding slightly pos- teriorly; tricarinatc; median carina distinct, continuous; lateral carinse more distinct on the front lobes ; transverse-impressed lines indistinct ; truncate in front and behind ; posterior lateral margin straight ; not covering the meso- notum. Prosternal spine shortened to a simple tubercle. Posterior femora short. Antennas short, sub-moniliform ; joints very short. Colo?- (of the living insect, taken from notes in tlie field). — General color dull ulive-brown. Disk and sides of the pronotum and abdomen olive. A 147 black line on the occiput ; lateral carinas of the lace and margins of the frontal costa black. Female appendages tipped with red. Posterior legs are colored as follows : Femora dark olive-green to black, a pale-yellowish stripe along the lower exterior margin, the lower, outer carina olive-red, channel black, inner portion yellow, with two oblique, black bands ; tibije black at the base, patella red, upper part of the exterior dark-blue, changing downward to pur- plish, vermilion at the apex, inside yellow ; spines yellowish at base, tipped with black ; tarsi red above, whitish beneath. The other tibiae colored as the posterior one. Dried specimens, after immersion in alcohol, are about as follows : Dor- sum dark reddish-brown ; head and face paler, black markings of the carinse remaining. Lower portions of the sides of the pronotum a shining, yellowish color. A pale line along the median carina of the abdomen. Disk of the posterior femora dark-brown ; upper and lower exterior margins yellow ; channel beneath black ; upper carina black ; two bands and spot at the base and apex internally, black. Patella (or tubercle at base of the tibiee) yellow, and a na"rrow, black band just below this; remainder of the tibiae brownish- purple. Beneath dull-yellow. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.05 to 1.12 inches; posterior femora, 0.5 inch; posterior'tibise, 0.43 inch. $ Length, 0.76 inch. Found on the dividing range of the Rocky Mountains between Idaho and Southern Montana, and a ridge 8,000 feet above the level of the sea, about forty miles southwest of Virginia City, Montana (Thomas). It appears to be closely allied to Dactylotum, Charp., but that author has not given the generic characters with sufficient accuracy for me to decide the point. I have given the characters somewhat iully to enable those who have not specimens to judge as to its proper generic position. P. pacta, Thos., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1870, 78.— Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 270. Medium size; body elongate, sub-cylindrical. Vertex deflexed, flat, and narrow between the eyes, suddenly expanding in front of them, this advanced portion transverse and triangular; the frontal costa somewhat convex, with a very slight depression at the ocellus. Eyes somewhat large, prominent, and oval. Antennas filiform, nearly as long as the head and thorax. Pronotum sub-cylindrical, dorsal portion cylindrical, without cariiiic ; sides parallel 148 in the male, slightly divergent posteriorly in the female ; posterior margins of the sides sloped, but not sinuous; apex rounded; transverse incisions distinct, crossing the dorsum in the female, the posterior only crossing in the male ; anterior margin and posterior lobe densely punctate, remainder smoother and sparsely punctate. Elytra very small, oblong- ovate, reaching the tip of the second segment, not meeting on the back; nerves reticulate, prominent. Wings minute. Posterior femora stout, short, not reaching the extremity of tlie abdomen. Sub-anal plate of the male curved upward, tuberculiform ; upper plate triangular ; cerci small, rather slender. Prosternal spine stout, conical. Abdomen of the female elongate. Colo?- (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Alternating rings of dark- purple and white. The dark stripes are placed as follows : Down the frontal costa ; on the occiput ; down each cheek ; two interrupted broad stripes running obliquely upward and backward from the anterior margin of the sides of the pronotum ; four spots on the base of each abdominal, and two on each ventral, segment (sometimes uniting into a continuous ring); posterior femora crossed by three broad bands. Nerves of the elytra white ; spaces black. Colors of the male and female the same. When living the white stripes are partly or entirely bright-red, and the dark-purple a shining black. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.3 inches ; posterior femora, 0.6 inch ; prono- tum, 0.28 inch, s Length, 0.95 to 1 inch; posterior femora, 0.5 inch; pro- notum, 0.26 inch. Eastern Colorado (Thomas) ; Kansas (Dodge). F. s'laciaEi!^, Scudd., Best. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 630. Head not large; vertex sulcate; frontal costa witji a deep sulcation and depression at the ocellus ; eyes not prominent, not elongate, docked anteriorly and very slightly above. Pronotum a little widest posteriorly ; anterior and posterior margins truncate; lateral carinse almost obliterated, obtusely rounded; median very slight. Prosternal spine rather short and I^lunt, compressed laterally. Apterous, having neither elytra nor wings. Color. — Female. Vertex, disk of the pronotum, and abdomen olivaceous- green ; a broad, black band behind the eye, crossing the sides of the pronotum to the tip, extending upon the abdomen in the form of transverse streaks; pronotum, l)elow this, greenish-yellow, with a medial l)lack spot. Vertex and pectus greenish-yellow; prosternuni dusky. Front and sides of the head 149 yellowish-green, with a greenish stripe down the niirldle of the frontal ridge. Sulcus and interior carina of the under side of the hind femora coral-red ; remainder yellowish-green, with two broad bands of dark-green across the outside; apex black; tibias green. Male diifers as follows: meso-notum and meta-notum bright-green; whole dorsal surface black, with a dorsal row of yellowish-green spots, and a triangular spot of the same color between the middle and posterior coxse ; a lateral row of greenish-yellow spots on 1-8 abdominal segments. Dimensions. — 5 Length, 0.82 inch. $ Length, 0.G5 inch. White Mountains, New Hampshire (Scudder). P. manca, Smith, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., 1868, 149. Vertex sulcate, narrow between the eyes, expanding in front ; frontal ridge sulcate and depressed at the ocellus; eyes but little elongated, not very prominent; antennae not passing the thorax. Pronotum slightly divergent behind, front truncate, apex slightly rounded ; lateral carinas indis- tinct, median small but distinct; posterior lateral margins very oblique. Prosternal spine prominent, blunt. Elytra very small, oval, not crossing the first abdominal segment, and not meeting on the back ; wings wanting. Ab- domen carinate. Color (siccus). — Occiput, disk of pronotum, and elytra brown. Sides of the pronotum smooth and shining in front of the last transverse impression; behind it thickly punctate ; a broad, black band extending from the eyes over the upper half of the pronotum, and continued upon the other thoracic segments and along the side of the abdomen, inclosing on the thorax an oblique whitish spot, which extends from the base of elytra to the posterior coxae. Hind femora brown, yellow below, banded with black above; tibiae bright-red. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.81 inch ; elytra, 0.17 inch ; posterior femora, 0.42 inch. 3 Length, 0.65 inch ; elytra, 0.16 inch ; posterior femora, 0.35 inch. Speckled Mountain, Maine (S. I. Smith). P. borckii, Thos. Syn., Aeridium (Podisma) borclcii, St&l, Eugen. Kesa., SO. Dark-testaceous ; antennae and posterior femora paler, the latter with two shining, fuscous spots on the internal face and disk of external face. 150 Pronotuiii tUstinctly carinate throughout ; tlie transverse impressions distinct. Elytra abl^reviated, a little broader than long, rotundate, densely reticulate, contiguous at tlie liasc. Vertex of the head sub-convex,»sub-impressed, antl slightly produced in front of the eyes; face somewhat oblique, punctate; frontal costa broad, obtuse ; lateral carinas very obtuse, or obsolete, sub- evanescent near the apex, divergent. Antennae not reaching the tip of the pronotum, filiform, pale. Pronotum narrowed in front; anterior border sub- truncate ; hind border obtusely rounded, sub-angulate ; the disk slightly con- vex ; before the third transverse sulcus spai-sely punctate, behind it densely punctate ; median carina distinct throughout, behind the middle acute. Elytra abbreviated, contiguous at the base, rounded at the apex, somewhat broader than long, scarcely longer than half the pronotum, densely and retic- ulately veined. Prosternal spine obtuse, conical. Pectus on each side above the posterior coxae fusco-olivaceous, with a pale-yellow oblique stripe. Pos- terior femora testaceous-yellow above, rufous beneath; one of the dark spots at the base, the other interior in front of the middle, and the dorsal carina behind the middle fuscous ; spines of tibiee pale at base, apex fuscous. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.95 inch ; width, 0.28 inch. San Francisco California (Stal). P. ziiniiieriiianiii, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 2d sen, XIII (1861), 159. Female. — Face broad, vertical, quadricarinate; carinas distinct; front above somewhat prominent. Vertex not inflated ; foveola in front deflexed and sliglitly emarginate; eyes globose, distant. Pronotum compressed, broad, carinate, gibbous in front of the middle ; posterior lobe flat ; lateral carinas acute, densely punctate; anterior margin arcuate, produced npon the occiput; posterior margin truncate, sub-arcuate; posterior transverse impres- sion situated behind the middle as in P. alpina. Prosternal spine pyramidal, acute. Elytra rudimentary. Legs very slender. Dimensions. — Length, 1 inch. Carolina (Saussure). P. longicorni<^, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 2(1 ser., XIII (1861), 159. Male. — Size small. Antennas very long, the length of the posterior femora. Vertex not prominent, carinate ; foveola narrow, elongate ; eyes large, inflated, approximate at the vertex. Pronotum compressed, disk flat, 151 margins acute, especially in the anterior part, parallel ; anterior margin siib- emarginate; posterior margin sub-angulate. Posterior transverse impression situated behind the middle, and a little less than in P. zimmcnnanni. Sides of the pronotum shining ; a posterior punctate band. Elytra short, reaching the second abdominal segment. Prosternal spine pyramidal. Four anterior femora inflated ; posterior femora scarcely passing the abdomen. Dimensions. — Length, 0.64 inch. Carolina (Saussure). P. nebrasceu!>iis, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 455. Female. — Occiput and head behind the eyes unusually long; upper, con- vex portion of the frontal costa very prominent ; tiie frontal costa suddenly expands in width immediately above the ocellus, and is slightly sulcate from this point to the lower exti'emity near the clypeus ; face slightly oblique, curving under toward the breast; eyes slightly elongate, somewhat oblique, and nearly straight in front. Pronotum sul)-tricariiiate ; median carina dis- tinct ; lateral carinas obtusely rounded, nearly obliterated ; sides parallel ; narrower than the head ; rounded at the apex ; posterior lateral margin with- out any notch or inward curve at the humerus. Elytra ovate-lanceolate, nearly half the length of the abdomen. Abdomen carined ; posterior femora not extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen. Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Reddish-brown. Face testaceous- brown ; occiput ])rown, with a yellowish stripe each side ; a glabrous, black spot behind each eye, extending along the side of the pronotum to the poste- rior incision. Disk of the pronotum brown ; a pale-testaceous spot on the sides below the black stripe. Elytra brown and unspotted, though in a few specimens dusky dots can be seen. Posterior tibias rufous. Dimensions. — Length, 0.94 inch; elytra, 0.25 inch; hind femora, 0 50 inch ; hind tibite, 0.45 inch. Nebraska (Dodge). P. iinicolor, sp. nov. Female. — Occiput short; vertex rather broad, elongate, channeled, the slightly-elevated margins continuous with the margins of the frontal costa ; frontal costa prominent, slightly sulcate, and somewhat expanding at the ocel- lus; lateral carinse distinct, Ijut not very prominent; eyes sub-elongate, acu- 152 miiiatc at the apex, i^ronotuiii regulaily angled ; sides parallel ; tricarinate ; cariiite equally distinct ; sides flat, compressed ; the two sides of the disk flat, but slightly ascending to the median carina; posterior sulcus situated behind the middle, distinct; the first and second indistinct; all somewhat distantly separated. Elytra about half as long as the abdome-n, oblong-ovate ; wings minute. Abdomen compressed, pisciform. Posterior femora passing the abdomen slightly. Prosternal spine of moderate length, very broadly trans- verse, the width nearly equaling the length, blunt and rounded at the apex. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Reddish-brown throughout, varying slightly in depth of color. Elytra unspotted. The hind femora have the spaces between the ribs of the disk marked with minute, elongate, red spots, which are surrounded by testaceous rings (these can be seen distinctly only with a magnifier). The posterior lobe of the pronotum and a ring round the front sub-margin rather coarsely punctured ; the sides glabrous. Dimemions. — Length, 0.88 inch ; elytra, 0.26 inch ; posterior femora, 0.55 inch ; posterior tibias, 0.46 inch. Jackson County, Illinois (Thomas). P. edax, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. de ZooL, 2d ser., XIII (1861), 161. Medium size; body elongate, crassate, but not deep; in the female de- pressed. Head broad ; frontal costa flat in the middle, sulcate at the ocellus; eyes large, short, broad, equally convex, sub-reniform, acuminate above, some- what distant. Vertex sub-carinate ; foveola in the female obsolete. Prono- tum with the disk flat ; carinate ; margins acute, straight ; posterior margin obtuse-angled ; posterior sulcus situated in the middle, cutting the median carina; posterior lobe densely and minutely punctate. Prosternal spine large, acute, bent upon the meso-sternum. Elytra grayish-yellow, long as the poste- rior femora. Sub-anal plate of the male tuberculiform ; the disk of the pre- anal segment coarsely punctured ; cerci lamelliform, curved only at the apex. Color of the body in dried specimens testaceous, variegated with rosace- ous ; two testaceous fasciae above, (sometimes fuscous, and variegated with divers colors) (?). Dimensions. — Length, 1.3 inches. Carolina (Saussnre). P. scuddei'i, Uhlcr, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., II, 555. Ferrugineo-fuscous ; form and general appearance of Caloptenus femur- 153 ruhruvi. The cranium is, however, less prominent, the thorax slightly broader, and in the female the black spot on the sides, just below the dorsal surface, is much narrower, sometimes entirely obsolete ; the whitish spots upon the m'iddle of the sides are indistinct, and sometimes entirely obsolete. The elytra do not reach beyond the apex of the second abdominal segment. The under side of the posterior femur is yellow, and the tibia3 have a black dot upon the knee, and a l)lack ring just below it. The tip of the last ven- tral segment of the male is more narrowed, acute, and conically produced than in C. femur-ruhrum. In its other characters it agrees with that species. Dimensions. — $ Ltngth, 0.88 to 0.90 inch. $ 0.64 to 0.66 inch. About Baltimore, Maryland (Uhler) ; Rock Island, Illinois (Walsh). P. BioB-ealis, Scudd , Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 464. Vertex of the heac with a broad, longitudinal furrow in advance of the middle of the eyes. Sides of the pronotum very nearly parallel, slightly wider at the hind border, which is arcuate; median carina slightly higher than the lateral, not prominent. Elytra longer than the wings, not quite reaching the extremity of the abdomen. Color. — Dark-brovvn, darkest above. A broad, black band liehind the eye, extending over the upper portion of the sides of the pronotum to the hind border. Face dark yellowish-brown. Hind femora streaked with black, with the tip black ; hind tibiae reddish, with a faint, paler annulation near the base ; the spines tipped with black. Elytra dirty yellowish-brown, spotted irregularly with darker brown. AVings pellucid, a little dusky at the costal border. Dimensions. — Length, 0.65 inch ; elytra, 0.4 inch ; posterior femora, 0.4 inch. Minnesota (Scudder). F. dod^ei, Thos. Syn., Caloptenus dodgcl, Thos., Cauad. Entom., 1871, 1G8.— Geol. Snrv. Terr., 1871, 451, PI. ii. Figs. 1, 5, 9. Alale. — Small size. Vertex elongate, distinctly channeled ; frontal costa broad, Hafc^nd squarely margined above the ocellus ; margins punctured. Ant,enna3 thick, passing the pronotum ; joints distinct, and somewhat obconic. Transverse incisions of the pronotum distinct; posterior lateral margins very 20 A 154 slightly incurved at the humerus ; median carina distinct only on the anterior and posterior lobes. Elytra about half the length of the abdomen, oblong- ovate. Posterior femora about as long as the abdomen. Prosternal spine thick, obtuse, and transverse. Cerci slender; sub-anal plate somewhat pointed ; the apical margin entire. Color. — Brown, varied with white. Face cinereous. Occiput and disk of tlie pronotum dark-brown, mottled with light and dark shades, except the posterior lobe, which is brown. Elytra brown ; lower half very dark. Each side there is a dark spot or broad line reaching from the eye to the third incision of the pronotum ; an oblique, white spot above the posterior coxas. Posterior femora with three white bands, the one nearest the apex much tlie smallest; the middle dark band bends abruptly forward in the middle of the disk. Abdomen pale, mottled with brown. Antennae pale at base, rest rufous. Female. — Pronotum uniform dark-brown, except the spot on the side. Elytra extend over but two segments. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.85 inch; elytra, 0.20 inch; hind femora, 0.40 inch; hind tibias, 0.32 inch. $ Length, 0 56 inch; elytra, 0.18 inch; hind femora, 0.37 inch. Pike's Peak, Colorado (Dodge). PL,AT\PMYMA, Fii^ch. Body small. Head short, slightly oblique; vertex narrow between the eyes, carinated, sub-deflexed in front, sub-foveolate, margins obtuse; frontal costa and lateral carinas distinct. Eyes large, sub-ovate. Antennge short, not equaling the head and pronotum. Pronotum longer than wide, sub-truncate in front, hind border rounded ; median carina sub-distinct ; lateral carinas sub-distinct, obtusely rounded; the three transverse impressed lines distinct in the male, undulate ; lateral lobes suddenly deflexed, inferior margin obtuse- angled in the middle ; besides the two impressed lines, which descend to the side, there is another near the anterior margin. The prosternal spine singu- larly broad, cuneiform, truncate or sub-truncate at the apex; tlie pectus broader than the head. Elytra abbreviated ; wings none or minute. The four anterior femora swollen; posterior femora short, much enlarged near the base ; pulvilli large. Abdomen carinated above. 155 PI. niontana, sp. nov. Has much the appearance of Caloptcmis spretus, with abbreviated wings. In the female the foveola of the vertex is sHghtly elongate and sub- hexagonal ; more elongate and narrow in the male ; median carina, through it, minute; detlexetl. Face somewhat curved under toward the breast; frontal costa broad, sides parallel, not sulcate, punctured ; lateral carinas obtuse. Cljpeus very short, and from it to the labrum there is a very distinct offset, the lip standing farther in ; the middle quadrate piece of the lip has a very distinct perpendicular sulcus across it. Antennae of the female not reaching the tip of the pronotum ; of the male longer. Pronotum slightly expanding posteriorly in tlie female; nearly parallel in the male ; median carina distinct thronghout in the female, obliterated on the middle lobes in the male ; lateral carinae distinct, but obtusely rounded ; the three transverse-impressed lines distinct in the male, the posterior only in the female, which is situated behind the middle; the posterior lateral margins ascend obliquely to the obtusely- roimded apex, without any entering angle. Elytra cross the third segment in the male, the second in the female ; not meeting on the back at the base. Abdomen elongate ; apex of the male somewhat enlarged, turned up; cerci acuminate; tip of the sub-anal plate entire. Prosternal spine broadly trans- verse, distinctly truncate in the male, obtusely rounded at the apex in the female. Color (after immersion in alcohol). — Fuscous and rufous. Front and lower portions of the sides of the head and pronotum in the male olive, in the female rufous; a broad, shining, blackish or brownish stripe runs from the eyes along the upper margin of the sides of the pronotum. Disk of the pronotum reddish or dark-brown. Elytra obscure dark-brown, unspotted. Posterior femora bright-red, with indistinct oblique l^ands of light and darker shades ; a yellow annulation above the knee ; knee black ; tibise yellow, probably plumbeous when living ; anterior legs rufous. Dimensions. — 9 Length,! inch; elytra, 0,14 inch; hind femora, 0.5'2 inch. 3 Length, 0.75 inch; elytra, 0.18 inch ; bind femora, 0.42 inch. Montana (Ilayden). 156 OITHflATOl-AlMPIS, Biirm. This small genus, which belongs apparently to the western hemisphere only, is at once easily distinguished by its semi-globose eyes, which are quite prominent, and have a metallic luster. They extend fixr into the vertex* (top of the head), and are situated so close together that only a small strip of the vertex runs between them from the occiput to the short rhomboidal top (vertex in front of the eyes) of the head, which has on it a longitudinal-im- pressed line. The antennae are situated immediately adjoining the vertex ; and the facial carina} are wanting here, which leaves the forehead tolerably smooth. The antennas are filiform, rather long, and consist of 20-24 joints, somewhat flattened, especially *near the base. The pronotum is cyl- indrical, without distinct carinse ; the transverse impressions distinct, the posterior situated near the hind margin ; the posterior margin nearly straight, very obtusely angled. Elytra narrow, generally opaque, closely netted, some- times abbreviated, or altogether wanting in the female. Hind femora robust, generally longer than the abdomen. The sexual organs of the male large ; the terminal segment of the abdomen slightly enlarged. The prosternal spine short, conical, pointed. O. viriflis, Thos. Syu., Galoptenus viridis, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 450, PI. ii. Fig. 3. Vertex sUghtly expanding in front of the eyes, channeled (in dried speci- mens); when living, the part between the eyes presents a dim, hexagonal outline, with a slight central depression ; frontal costa sulcate, and narrowed below the ocellus, sides punctured; lateral carinas but slightly divergent- Eyes elongate, large, acuminate above, and approaching unusually near to each other. Pronotum sub-cylindrical ; lateral carinse obliterated ; median carina scarcely perceptible ; slightly divergent posteriorly ; posterior margin obtusely angled ; posterior lateral margins ascend somewhat obliquely, with a very slight inward curve at the humerus ; the posterior transverse incision is much behind the middle. Cerci of the male regularly acuminate ; sub-anal plate with the margin entire, sub-truncate at the apex ; super-anal plate with two sub-median convergent carinse. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen. Posterior femora reach the tip of the abdomen. * Burmeister applies this term to the top of the head, and not to the front part between the eyes, as I have usually done. 157 Color. — Bright pea-green, except the following markings : Antennae rufous, except the basal joint, which is green ; a small spot between the eyes dusky ; a dark spot beneath each eye bounded in front by a white stripe. A narrow, white stripe runs along the upper margin of each eye, and extends backward along the lateral carinaj of the pronotum. A median, dusky stripe runs along the disk of the pronotum ; this stripe is sometimes pale, almost white, especially the middle portion; a black stripe on the sides of the ante- rior lobes bordered by white ; the lateral margins have a minute, white line running along them occasionally. Elytra semi-transparent, almost uniform green, sometimes a pale, ash-brown shade on the upper portion. Wings pel- lucid, front portion tinged with pale bluish-green, hind part tinged with red. The four anterior femora either banded with or entirely pale-rufous. The posterior femora are green, except a rufous ring above the knee, and a thread- like, white line along the margin of the disk. Posterior tibia3 green; spines tipped with black ; tarsi green ; pulvilli rufous. Cross-incisions of the pro- notum are black only in the dried specimens. Dimensions. — $ Length, 0.85 to 1 inch; elytra, 0.62 to 0.76 inch; hiud femora, 0.5 to 0.63 inch ; hind tilnte, 0.58 inch, s Length, 0.62 inch. Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska (Thomas); Kansas (Dodge). CAI-OFTEMUS, Bin>m. Calliptamus, Serv , Fisch. de W. Body medium size. Head large; face vertical or nearly so; occiput quite short, convex, triangular ; vertex narrow between the eyes, deflexed, and somewhat channeled ; frontal costa not sulcate above the ocellus, more or less sulcate below ; eyes large, oval, somewhat prominent, perpendicular, nearly straight in front, much rounded behind; antennas of medium length, cylin- drical ; palpi short. Pronotum of medium length, sub-cylindrical or sub- quadrate ; somewhat tricarinate, the lateral carinEe consisting only of the obtuse humeral angles, the median simply aline; the three transverse im- pressions generally distinct, placed close together on the second fourth of the pronotum ; the last, which is situated a little l)ehind the middle, cutting the median carina ; dorsum flat or nearly so ; the front margin truncate ; posterior margin rounded ; the deflexed lateral lobes sub-quadrate. Elytra and wings generally as long or longer than the abdomen, Init sometimes aborted. 158 Prosternal spine stout, straight or slightly bent backward, obtuse ; pectus broad as the head. Legs of but moderate length ; the posterior femora con- siderably swollen next the base ; the disk convex. The male abdomen much swollen at the apex, which is turned up; the cerci long, flat, moderately broad, curved upward, and bent more or less over on the top. The group to which this genus and the preceding two belong needs revision, but I have not the materials to do this properly. Some of the spe- cies of this genus are given as distinct with, considerable doubt. Synoptical table of the species. A. Elytra unspotted, as long as the abdomen : a. A broad yellow stripe each side bivittatus. aa. Without stripes differcntialls. AA. Elytra wit'.i spots more or less distinct : a. Elytra longer than the abdomen : h. Elytra much longer than the abdomen; last ventral segment of the male notched at the tip spretus. bb. Elytra a little longer than the abdomen ; last ventral segment of the male entire at the tip : c. Spots of elytra small and confined to median line along the disk, femur-rubrum. cc. Spots somewhat larger, and equally distributed over the elytra, griseus. aa. Elytra about as long as the abdomen : b. General color pale-yellow : c. Hind femora with two oblique streaks outside. - . biUturatus. cc. Hind femora with three black patches outside - - scriptus. bb. General color other than pale-yellow : c. Hind femora with three straight black bauds ; lower valves of the ovipositor nearly straight at the apex ptcnctulatus. cc. Hind femora with oblique brown bands ; lower valves of the ovipositor bent at the apex occidentalis. aaa. Elytra shorter than the abdomen : b. A pale stripe along each angle of the pronotum ; color pale olive- green, spots indistinct iurnbtdlii. bb. Head and thorax with two broad, black stripes ; color tawny. . rcpletus. C. tKi-ufosaMai, Thos., Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 452. Pale olive-green, with a white stripe along each side of the dorsum. Elytra and wings shorter than the abdomen. Closely allied to Ommatolampis viridis, Th-os. Vertex with a broad, shallow sulcus, into which a minute carina (not always apparent) enters from the rear; frontal costa flat, shghtly depressed at the ocellus. Sides of the pronotum shghtly divergent on the posterior lobe ; lateral carinse obtuse, somewhat more distinct than in viridis. Elytra and wings a little shorter 159 than tlie abdomen. Cerci of the male flat, narrow, tapering ; last ventral segment with a blunt tubercle below the margin. Posterior femora rather more than usually enlarged near the base, about as long as the abdomen. Prostenial spine somewhat quadrate, tapering rapidly. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Dull-yellow or testaceous. A broad, yellow stripe on each side from the upper angle of the eye to the tip of the pronotum; inclosed space of the disk pale-brown ; median carina yellowish; below the yellow stripe is a broad, irregular, brownish stripe, reaching from the eye to the tip of the pronotum. A bright-yellow stripe runs from the base of the elytra to the posterior coxse. Elytra pale ashy-brown ; an irreg- ular row of rather small, dim, brown spots along the disk, one or two some- times distinguishable above and below ; nervules mostly yellow. Wings pellucid, with some dark nerves near the apex. Posterior femora crossed by three oblique, dim, brown bands. Tibiae bluish. When living, is pea-green ; the stripes along the sides whitish ; hind tibiae blue. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 0.76 inch ; elytra, 0.43 inch ; posterior femora, 0.43 inch, s Length, 0.56 to 0.60 inch. There is a strongly-marked variety, which I have included in this species, but which may be distinct. Var. a. — Paler throughout ; space between the stripes almost uniform in color with the stripes ; lateral brown stripes often narrow or obliterated. Elytra narrower and longer, reaching nearly or quite to the extremity of the abdomen. The males appear to be uniformly longer and larger. Between Red Buttes and Independence Rock, Wyoming (Thomas) C. repIefHs, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 678. Female. — Tawny, rather slender. Head and pronotum with two broad, black stripes (which include a few tawny dots), and with two intermediate black lines. Head smooth, moderately long; tip of the vertex depressed, sub-elhptical; carinas slight, inner carinas converging toward the face, outer diverging. Eyes very much rounded on the hind side. Antennae piceous toward the tips. Pronotum finely punctured, widening slightly hindward ; disk nearly tlat, with three slight carinse; transverse-impressed lines distinct; fore border nearly straight; sides rounded; hind border much rounded, slightly elongated, occasionally marked with black lines. Prosternal spine 160 pale-testaceous, stout, elongate-conical. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, whitish, and with two rows of black streaks on the outer side, with a black stripe on the inner side, reddish beneath ; hind tibisB red, a little shorter than the hind femora ; spines black. Elytra cinereous, rather shorter than the body, with an abbreviated, discoidal stripe, composed of black dots. Wings pellucid ; veins white, black along the costa and at the tips. Dimensions. — Length, 0.92 inch; expansion of the wings, 1.84 inches. United States, Vancouver's Island (Walker). C. scrlptws. Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 680. Female. — Pale-yellow, rather slender. Head and pronotum with two broad, black stripes, which, on the latter, are much excavated, and do not extend beyond the fourth transverse-impressed line. Head smooth, rather short, partly tinged with red; tip of the vertex flat, elliptical; front with four slight carina3, which diverge slightly toward the face. Eyes ferruginous, sub-elliptical, straight on the fore side, much rounded on the hind side. An- tennae tawny, slender. Pronotum very finely scabrous ; disk flat, with three very slight carinse ; transverse-impressed lines well defined ; fore border nearly straight ; sides slightly rounded ; hind border slightly elongated, hardly angular. Prosternal spine stout, elongate-conical, a little broader than thick. Four anterior legs tawny above. Hind femora as long as the abdo- men, with three blackish patches above, and with three on the outer side, which is mostly tinged with red ; hind tibiae red, a little shorter than the hind femora, their spines tipped with black. Wings pellucid, extending to the tip of the abdomen. Elytra with many black spots and dots, most of the spots forming a discoidal stripe ; veins tawny. Wings with black veins. Difnensions. — Length, 1 inch; expansion of the elytra, 1.67 inches. Vancouver's Island (Walker). €. foiastsara^ais, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 679. Female. — Pale-yellow, rather slender, sometimes tinged with red. Head and pronotum with two broad, irregular, black stripes, which extend from the eyes to the fourth transverse line of the pronotum. Head smooth ; tip of the vertex depressed, sub-fusiform ; front with four distinct carinae, inner parallel, outer divergiug toward the lace. Eyes ferruginous, straight in front, much rounded on (he hind side. I'alpi with black tijis. Pronotum short, sub- Kil sellate, finely punctured, widening hindward ; disk flat, with three slight carinas ; transverse-impressed lines distinct ; fore border nearly straight ; sides slightly rounded; hind border much rounded. Prosternal spine stout, conical, hardly broader than thick. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, with two oblique, interrupted, black streaks on the outer side ; hind tibia3 a little shorter than the hind femora; spines black. Elytra pale- cinereous, as long as the body, with several irregular spots in the disk ; veins mostly whitish. Dimensions. — Length, 0.84 inch ; expansion of the elytra, 1.84 inches. Vancouver's Island (Walker). C. occidentaSis, Thos., Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 453, PI. ii, Fig. 2. Much like C. femur-ruhnun ; male cerci very broad, flat. Hind femora banded ; tibiae blue. Frontal costa generally flat above the ocellus and sul- cate below, but sometimes sulcate above ; lateral carinJB sharp, divergent. Median carina distinct on the posterior lobe of the pronotum, barely visible in front; transverse impressions very distinct. Elytra and wings as long as the abdomen. Anterior and middle femora rather small and slender ; pos- terior femora in the female a little shorter than the abdomen. Valves of the ovipositor, especially the upper ones, long, deeply excavated. The cerci of the male are unusually broad and flat, enlarged at the base and suddenly decreas- ing in width near the middle ; the last ventral segment apparently terminates at. the tip with a broad, blunt tooth. Prosternal spine broad at base, blunt, transverse. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Much like C. fcmur-rubrum but more of a pale, ashy hue. Face dull, brownish-yellow ; a triangular, dusky spot on the occiput, apex forward ; margins round the back part of the eyes dotted with black. Dark stripe behind the eye as usual. Pronotum pale reddish-brown above. Elytra ashy-brown ; disk with a row of small brown spots, nearly two-thirds their length, to the point where the nervules grow suddenly less distinct; here they are fainter; a few dots of the same color are found above and below. Wings transparent, nerves yellowish, except at the apex, where they are dusky. Posterior femora crossed by three oblique brownish bands ; inside yellowish, apex dusky ; tibise a bluish-yello\y ; when living, blue. Dimensions. — $ Length, 0.88 inch; elytra, 0.6 inch; posterior femora, 0.47 inch. $ Length, 0.69 inch. 21 A 162 Eastern Wyoming, from Laramie River to Red Buttes, Minnesota (Thomas). Remark. — In the Minnesota portion of Red River Valley, at Glyndon, on the Northern Pacific road, and near Morris, on the Saint Paul and Pacific road, I found a small variety of this genus quite abundant, which, though differing slightly from occidentalis, appears to belong to that species. Foveola of the vertex elongate, rounded in front; frontal costa solid above the ocellus and slightly sulcata below it, with a row of punctures each side. The pronotura has the lateral carinse tolerably well-defined and almost right-angled, especially in the male. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen in the female. Posterior femora reach the tip of the abdo- men. Antennae extend to the posterior extremity of the pronotum. Pros- ternal spine broadly transverse at the base. The cerci of the male are short and tapering, turning up very shghtly ; the tip of the sub-anal plate is entire, not notched. Coloi- of the living insect. — The face is sometimes almost milk-white, with a few luteous or purplish dots sprinkled over it; the cheeks are pale, but a black stripe, quite narrow, runs down the sulcus below the eye ; the usual black stripe behind the eye, extending upon the pronotum, is present, but is very variable. The lateral and posterior margins of the pronotum are bordered by a broad, pale, purplish band; a very narrow white stripe extends down the side of the thorax from the base of the elytra to the insertion of the posterior legs. The elyti-a are almost uniform in color; sometimes a few dim dots can be seen along the middle field, yet many specimens appear to have them unspotted ; the general color is a dark ash-brown, wings trans- parent, tinged with blue ; this bluish cast is very evanescent, almost wholly disappearing from a specimen kept for ten hours, though not immersed in any liquid. The external face of the posterior femora is crossed by three oblique dark and two intermediate white bands; the dark bands cross over to the upper margin of the inner face ; inner face and under side yellow. The pos- terior tibiae pale greenish-blue, generally with a dark ring near the base ; spines black. Tarsi dark above, white beneath. Abdomen dark, mottled above; the posterior margins of the segments bluish-white ; venter yellowish- white. Length about 0.8 or 0.9 of an inch. July 5-11. 163 C. piincfnlatn^, Uhler, in Scudd. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vii, 465. This species is very closely allied to C. femur-ruhrum, from which it is to be distinguished by the greater prominence of the front; by the greater globosity of the eyes ; by the markings of the elytra and hind legs, and the scidptiire of the female abdominal appendages. The elytra are the same color as in C. femur-ruhrum^ with the square, dark spots not limited to a medial band, but found equally above and below this, extending nearly to the tip. The hind femora have, on the outside, alternate, straight bands of black and brownish-yellow, three of each in number: hind tibiae brownish-red, with black spines, a narrow black annulation at the base, followed by a wider yellowish one. The upper corniculi of ovipositor not curved so deeply upon their upper surface, nor so upturned and pointed at their tip as in the C. femur-ruh-um ; the lower corniculi much straighter, scarcely bent down at the tip; and the lateral tooth, so apparent in C. femur-rubrum, is here almost obsolete. Possibly a variety of tlie latter species. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.1 inches; elytra, 0.6d; posterior femora, 0.48 inch. Maine (Packard). C. femiir-rnbruiu, Burm., Handb. Ent, II, 638. Syu., Acridiutn femur-rubrum, Deg., Ins., Ill, PI. 42, Fig. 5, p. 498. fcmorale, Oliv., Encyc. Metli., 121 (lus. VI), 228. Gryllus {Locusta) crythropus, Gmel., Linn. Syst. Nat., I, iv, 2086. ''Grrizzled with dirty olive and brown; a black spot extending from the eyes along the sides of the thorax ; an oblique yellow line on each side of the body beneath the wings; a row of dusky, brown spots along the middle of the wing-covers; and the hindmost shanks and feet blood-red, with black spines. The wings are transparent, with a very pale greenish-yellow tint next to the body, and are netted with brown lines. The hindmost thighs have two large spots on the upper side, and the extremity black ; but are red below, and yellow on the inside. The appendages at the tip of the body in the male are of a long triangular form. Length from 0.75 to 1 inch ; expan- sion of wings 1.25 to 1.75 inches." As this species, which is so common, varies considerably, I have con- cluded to give Dr. Harris's description without change, adding the following: Vertex but slightly depressed, with a minute angular expansion in front of 164 the eyes; frontal costa usually but slightly sulcale; sides parallel. Eyes large and rather prominent. Elytra and wings generally a little longer than the abdomen. The cerci of the male rather broad and flat ; apex of last ventral segment is entire and truncate. The yellow stripes on the side extend from the base of the wing to the insertion of the jjosterior femora. The ground color varies with localities and age, and most of the specimens from one or two sections appear to have unspotted elytra; sometimes a reddish- brown tint prevails ; at others a dark-olive ; at others a dark purplish-brown ; yet the markings generally remain the same. Localities. — Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsyl- vania, Maryland, Tennessee, Illinois, Minnesota, Ohio, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Vancouver's Island C?), west coast of America (?). C. sps'etHS, Uhler, MSS. Syn., Acridiurri spretum, Thos., Trans. 111. St. Ag. Soc, V, 450. Very much like C.'femur-rubru?n, Burm., the principal difference being in the length of the elytra and wings ; a notch at the tip of the last ventral segment. Posterior lobe of the pronotum slightly expanding ; median some- what distinct. Elytra and wings pass the abdomen about one-third their length. The last ventral segment, which is turned up almost vertically, is somewhat tapering, and is notched at the apex, which distinguishes it from the femur-ruhrum ; the notch is small, but is distinct. Prosternal spine robust, sub-cylindrical, transverse. Migratory. Color. — Scarcely distinct from the C. femur-ruhrum. The occiput and disk of the pronotum generally reddish-brown ; the posterior lobe somewhat paler than the anterior and middle. Spots, as in femur-ruhrum, arranged in a Hne along the middle of the elytra ; these are a little larger and more abundant toward the apex. The head and thorax are sometimes a very dark olive- brown ; at others, reddish-brown, and even brownish-yellow, the color deepening with age. The wings are pellucid, nerves dusky toward the apex ; when flying high and against the sun, their wings look like large snow-flakes. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1 to 1.2 inches; elytra, as long as the body; posterior femora, 0.55 inch ; posterior tibiae, 0.5 inch. ^ Length, 0.85 to 1 inch; elytra, 0.9 to 1.05 inches. Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, LTfah, Idaho, Nevada, Moid ana, ]\Iiiinesota, and Dakota (Thomas, l)y examination and 165 collections in person) ; Minnesota, Wisconsin, Dakota (Sciukler) ; Texas, Arizona, British America (Thomas). Remark. — I have traced this species from Texas northward to the north shore of Lake Winnipeg, in British America, and from the Mississippi River westward to the Sierra Nevada range. It does not apj^ear to be found in California, and but a short distance southward in Arizona. I am half-way inclined to the opinion that future investigations will show that this is really the destructive species in California, and not QLdipoda atrox, for it would seem impossible for the latter to sustain itself during a lengthened flight with its short wings. C. griseus, Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 454. Head quite large ; occiput elevated. Dark-gray, with fuscous and yel- lowish spots. Female. — Occiput unusually convex and prominent ; seen from the side, the top of the head rises considerably above the disk of the jJi'onotum ; lateral carinse of the face but slightly divergent. Posterior lobe of the pro- notum densely punctured. Elytra passing the abdomen one-fourth their length. Upper and lower valves of the ovipositor slender, without any lateral angulations, not much excavated. Posterior femora passing the abdomen. Prosternal spine short, obtuse, and slightly transverse. Color. — Face lurid, with numerous small, black spots. Occiput and pro- notum gray, with a brassy tinge, irregularly spotted with black ; behind each eye, reaching to the last transverse incision of the pronotum, is an interrupted broad piceous stripe ; the sides of the pronotum below this somewhat lurid. Elytra dark-gray; nervules whitish ; marked somewhat regularly with sub- quadrate, black, or fuscous spots, not confined to the disk, but extending equally above and below, becoming dimmer toward the apex, but distinct. Wings (not spread in only specimen seen) appear to be dusky toward the apex. Posterior femora with three yellowish bands ; rest of the disk black, sulcus and interior carina beneath bright- red ; tibiae purplish-red beneath, with a paler ring near the base; spines black ; legs hairy. Venter yellowish Dimensions. — Length to tip of elytra, 1.08 inches; elytra, 0.76 inch; posterior femora, 0.62 inch ; posterior tibiae, 0.45 inch. Ohio (Dodge). 16G C. biviltatiis, Uliler, Say's Ent., ed. Lee. II, 288; Harr. Rep., 3d ed.. 174. Syn., Oryllm birittatus, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 308; Eut., ed. Lee, II, 237. Locusta leucostoma, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. lus., 250. Acridium sanguinipes, Harr., Hitch., Eep., 583 ; Cat., 56. flavovittatum, Harr., Treat., ed. 1802, 173. hivittatum, Thos., Trans. III. Agl. Soc, V, 449. Jeucostomum (?), De Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Ortbop., 143. fenioratum (?), De Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orthop., 144. Caloptenus femoratus, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 308. Vertex of the female convex or but slightly depressed, and the frontal costa not sulcate ; frontal costa of the male salcate. Elytra and wings but little longer than the abdomen. The last ventral segment of the male has the apical margin entire, circular. Pronotum with the sides straight, slightly converging anteriorly ; posterior cross-incision distinct. Posterior femora equal to or passing the abdomen. Color. — Dull-green or olive-brown, with a yellowish stripe along each lateral angle from the upper angle of the eye to the extremity of the elytra. Mouth pale; face varies from yellowish to olive-brown; the disk of the pro- notum from pale reddish-brown to dark olive-brown ; as also do the elytra. The elytra sometimes have a few small, dusky spots on the disk, but gener- ally they are unspotted. Wings transparent, tinged with green ; nerves greenish-brown or blackish. Hind femora generally with a dark stripe along the upper edge of the disk, yellow below ; upper edge with two pale spots ; posterior tibiae red. Dimensions. — Varies much in size. 9 Length, 1 to 1.62 inches; elytra, 0.76 to 1.20 inches; hind femora, 0.62 to 0.90 inch. Male a little smaller. It has been found in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Carolina, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, and Montana. C. differentialis, Thos., Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., 1871. Syn., Acridium differentiale, Uhler, MSS., Thos., Trans. 111.- St. Agl. Soc, V, 450. Cyrtacanthacris differentialis, Walk., Gat. Denuap. Salt„ IV, 010. Large size, robust; elytra passing the abdomen, unspotted; olive-browu above, yellow beneath. Vertex elongate, depressed, broadly sulcate, closed in front ; frontal costa 167 broad, flat, or slightly sulcate; sides parallel; lateral carinse distinct, slightly divergent. Antenna; of the males half as long as the body. Pronotum quad- rate; sides perpendicular, parallel; lateral carinse or humeral angles obtusely rounded ; median carina distinct, except on the post-median lobe of the female; third transverse incision very distinct and deeply indented, others distinct. Posterior femora much enlarged near the base, the disk convex, about as long as the abdomen ; posterior tibiffi enlarged toward the apex, hairy. Pro- sternal spine cylindrical, bent slightly backwurd. Snb-anal plate of the male triangular; apex blunt, entire; cerci with basal half broad, an obtuse tooth about the middle of the posterior margin, above this bent and tapering. Color. — Male. Head and anterior lobes of the pi'onotum reddish or olive-brown ; sides paler, with from one to three oblique, black lines ; trans- verse incisions dark on the sides. Elytra unspotted, olive-brown, reddish at the base, semi-transparent. Wings pellucid ; nerves »f the apical and front portions dark, rest yellowish. Posterior femora j'ellow ; three black spots on the upi^er edge ; interspaces of the disk black, ribs pale-yellow ; tibia? yellow, spines black. Abdomen yellow, with small, black spots and stripes. Venter and pectus yellow. Female. — Head and thorax olive ; legs and venter a brighter yellow than the male. Colors after immersion in alcohol are only duller and darker. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.5 to 1.7 inches; elytra, 1.25 inches; posterior femora, 0.92 inch; posterior tibiie, 0.81 inch. $ Length, 1.2 inches; elytra, 1 inch. Southern Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska (Thomas); Kansas, Iowa (Dodge). ReTnark. — There is a dark variety of this species found in Kansas and Nebraska ; the general color is quite dark (almost black), tlie hind femora are crossed by broad, black bands ; the lighter color is bright-yellow. CHROMACKIS, Walk. Body rather .slender, nearly cylindrical. Head smooth ; tip of the vertex conical, depressed, with two converging keels, which are continued in the abbreviated inner keels of the front; front (face) roughly punctured; outer keels slightly diverging toward the corners of the lace. Eyes elliptical, slightly prominent. Antennae filiform, long, slender. Pronotum sub-sellatc ; 168 front portion nearly smooth ; hind part scabrous, wider, and witli a well- defined carina ; transverse-impressed lines very strongly marked ; front border slightly notched in the middle; sides rounded; hind border much rounded. Prosternal spine long, slender, slightly acute and oblique. Hind femora generally longer than the abdomen ; hind tibia? a little shorter than the hind femora. Elytra generally as long as the body. C. eolorala, Walk, Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 644. Syu., Acridium coloratum, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 674. Male. — Body of an olive-green ; the head of this color. Prouotum notched at the middle of the anterior border; the transverse impressions very distinct upon the dorsum, which has a small spot of yellow on each side ; the posterior lobe with a median carina ; posterior border margined with yellow. Elytra much longer than the abdomen, almost linear, of a somber- green, nerves yellow. Wings nearly as long as the elytra ; base to the middle rosaceous, rest fuscous ; at the anterior border near the extremity, there is a rosaceous sj^ot. Legs the color of the body ; posterior femora with a yellow ring near the middle and a small spot of the same on the disk. Antennae long, their two first joints greenish; the eight or ten following yellowish; the others black. Dimensions. — Length, 1 inch. South Carolina (Serville). ACRIDIUITI, Geom Gryllus, Linn., Fabr. ; Locusta, Leach. Body elongate, sub-cylindrical, or somewhat compressed. Occiput short convex ; vertex depressed, somewhat hexagonal ; face nearly vertical, tricari- nate; the carinas reaching the clypeus, the middle one broad, sometimes deeply sulcate, appearing as two carinte ; eyes oblong-oval, prominent; antennae fili- form ; the penultimate joint of the palpi shorter than the ultimate. Pronotum of medium length, sides somewhat compressed on the anterior lobes, the posterior expanding more or less ; lateral carina? obliterated, the dorsum ascending to the rather prominent median carina ; the three transverse incisions not always distinct; a fourth sometimes present, near the anterior margin ; front sub-truncate; apex terminating in a rounded angle. Elytra and wings equal to or longer than the abdomen. Extremity of the male 169 abdomen not inflated ; sub-genital plate somewhat elongate; cerci flat. Sul)- genital plate of the female has a tringular tooth at the middle of the apex. Legs rather robust; posterior long, the femora reaching to or passing the apex of the abdomen. Prosternal spine stout, prominent, straight or curved backward. Synoptical table of the species. A. Elytra longer than the abdomen : a. Elytra with spots : h. General color bright reddish browQ ; wings with dark nerves. .. americanum. hh. General color light yellowish-brown : c. Spots on the elytra large and distinct amhigiium. cc. Spots on the elytra small and indistinct alutaceum. aa. Elytra without spots: J). General color green : c. A yellow strii^e along the dorsum ohscurmn. CO. Without any stripe along the dorsum shoshone. hh. General color yellowish-brown ; a yellow dorsal strij)e emarginatum. AA. Elytra about as long as the abdomen : a. Uniform light rust-red ; dim spots sometimes visible on the elytra, generally without them rubiginosum. aa. Small size; elytra greenish, unspotted: b. Piceous patches on the sides of the prouotum ; wings cinereous . . unilineata. bb. Sides of the prouotum green with glabrous spots ; wings transparent frontalis. A. fromSalis, Thos., Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 448, PI. ii, Fig. 1. Vertex sub-conical. Small size. Elytra and wings not passing the abdomen. General color green. Closely allied to A. unilineatmn, "Walk. ; caloptenoid in general appear- ance. Vertex regularly hexagonal, standing out in the form of a very short, truncated cone, the tip depressed in the center ; face slightly oblique, straight, quadricarinate ; carinas nearly parallel, middle pair approach each other im- mediately below the ocellus. Eyes elongate, oblique, straight in front. Pro- notum scarcely enlarged behind ; anterior lobes reticulately, and posterior lobe longitudinally, rugulose ; median carina very distinct. Elytra and wings narrow, rather shorter than the abdomen. Valves of the ovipositor promi- nent, lower pair much slenderer than the upper pair, and much exserted. Male cerci slender, tapering, and turned up ; sub-anal plate narrow, tapering, sub-truncate at the apex, entire. Prosternal spine sub-quadrate, pointed, and 22 A 170 straight. AnteniiEe passing the proiiotum slightly. Posterior femora passing the abdomen. Color (dried after immersion in alcohol). — Nearly uniform greenish-yel- low. Face and pronotum sprinkled with dusky dots. The elevated lines of the pronotum pale-yellow ; depressed portions in the alcoholic sj^ecimens testaceous-green, bat in the living insect may be colored quite differently; some specimens have the middle carina and portions of the pronotum tinged with red ; posterior femora pale-reddish along the upper edge. Elytra a transparent green ; wings pellucid. Dimensions. — $ Length, 1.06 inches; elytra, 0.63 inch; posterior femora, 0.72 inch; posterior tibisB, 0.66 inch. $ Length, 0.82 inch; elytra, 0.5 inch. Kansas (Dodge). A. iinilincatniu, Thos. Syn., Cyrtacanthacris unilineata, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, Oil. Male. — Dull-green, rather slender. Head and pronotum with a slender, yellow stripe. Head smooth, short ; vertex piceous, tip depressed, hexagonal ; face tawny, coarsely punctured ; caringe well defined, the frontal pair (the frontal costa sulcate, and counted as two carin?e) nearly parallel, slightly curved inward in the middle, the lateral diverging. Eyes lurid, fusiform. Antennae tawny, rather stout. Pronotum scabrous, with a well-defined median carina, five or six fuscous patches on each side ; transverse-impressed lines distinctly marked ; front border and sides very slightly rounded ; hind border much rounded. Prostemal spine pale-yellowish, stout, oblique, ex- tending to the meso-sternum. Legs tawny ; hind femora longer than the abdomen, whitish, with testaceous ridges on the outer side ; hind tibios almost as long as the hind femora ; spines whitish, with black tips. Wings cinereous, a little shoi'ter than the body ; veins piceous. Dimensions. — Length, 0.84 inch ; elytra, 0.75 inch. Indiana (Walker). A. riibi^inoi^uiu, Harr., MSS. (Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 467). Syu., A. damnificim (?), Sauss., Eev. et Mag. Zool., L\l ser., XIII (1861), 104. Facial carinse prominent, diverging but slightly; frontal costa sulcate its entire length, thickly punctured. Pronotum with a prominent median carina, continuous and slightly arched ; scarcely expanding posteriorly ; transverse 171 impressions dim. Elytra and wings about as long as the abdomen ; posterior femora of the female a little shorter. Eyes very long, straight in front. Color. — Light rust-red, somewhat uniform. Elytra opaque, rather paler on the over-lapping portion, without spots, or sprinkled over with dim, small, dusky spots. Wings transparent, slightly reddish toward the tip ; veins blackish. Posterior femora reddish ; the flat disk whitish, with a row of black dots above and below ; apex with a lunate, black spot on the side. Spines of the tibiae whitish, tipped with black. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.4 to 1.6 inches. Male much smaller. South Carolina (Harris); Cape Cod, Connecticut, Southern States, and Alabama (Scudder); Southern Illinois, Tennessee, Maryland (Thomas). A. alutacetiui, Harr., Rep., 3d ed., 173. Syn., A. torvum, Say, MSS. (Scudd., Bost. Jour, Nat. Hist., VII, 466). rusticum, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 633. FeTOffl/e.— Frontal costa and fastigium thickly punctured. -Lobes of the pronotum equally and roughly punctured ; median carina somewhat promi- nent. Elytra and wings much longer than the abdomen ; posterior femora shorter. Cerci short, of moderate width, narrowed toward the tips. Pectus punctured. Prosternal spine large, slightly flattened laterally, straight Color. — Dirty brownish-yellow ; a paler stripe on the top of the head and thorax. Elytra semi-transparent, with irregular, pale-brownish spots; the sutural margin pale-yellow. Wings transparent-yellowish ; nerves and nervules pale-brown or dirty-yellow. Posterior margin of each abdominal segment with a ring of black dots. Posterior femora whitish within and without ; the disk margined above and below by a row of distant, black dots, and crossed herring-bone fashion by numerous brown lines. Posterior tibise reddish ; spines yellowish-white, tipped with black. Male. — Cerci nearly as broad as long, obtusely and roundly notched at the tip. Sub-anal plate hairy ; notch broad, and not so deep as in A. ameri- canum. Spots on the elytra more obscure than in the female ; dorsal stripe and stripe on the upper margin of the elytra sometimes wanting. Dimensions. — $ Length, 1.75 to 2 inches; elytra, 16 inches ; posterior femora, 1.05 inches ; posterior tibise, 1 inch. $ Length, 1.25 inches ; elytra, 1.10 inches. Martha's Vineyard (Harr.) ; Connecticut (S. I. Smith) ; Massachusetts (Erichson) ; Carolina (De Haan) ; Florida (Walker). 172 A. emarjfHsn^tun, Ulilcr, in Scudd. Notes Geol. Siirv. Neb., 250. Closely allied to A. alutaceum, Harr., which it rcsciiihles very much. Frontal costa sparsely punctured ; lateral carince of the face slightly divergent. Pronotuni densely, and on the anterior lobes coarsely, punctured; posterior lobe expanding moderately. Elytra passing the abdomen one-fourth their length ; nervules prominent. Posterior femora about as long as the abdomen. Prosternal point stout, cylindrical, obtuse, slightly bent backward. Cerci very broad, somewhat notched at the apex ; sub-anal plate with a broad, square notch at the apex. Pulvilli remarkably large, oblong-ovate. Color. — A pale reddish-brown, tinged with green. A distinct, yellow stripe reaches from tlie vertex to the tip of the pronotum, and extends upon the suture of the elytra. A row of distant, black punctures on each margin of the frontal costa, and a row across the upper part of the clypeus. Palpi and antennas yellow. Sides of the pronotum sparsely sprinkled with yellow dots. Elytra translucent, pale red dish- brown; nerves darkest. Wings trans- parent, tinged with greenish-yellow at the base; nerves and nervules dull- yellow, darkest near the middle of the outer border, slightly tinged with red near the anterior border. Anterior and middle legs greenish externally, striped with black internally. Posterior femora pale-green ; upper margin of the disk marked with a row of black dots. Posterior tibiae with the inner face black ; outer face greenish-purple. Posterior margin of each abdominal segment marked with a i-ing of l)lack dots. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 1.5 inches; elytra, 1.3 inches; hind femora, 0.8 inch. 5 Length to tip of elytra, 1 .4 inches. Colorado, Nebraska, Dakota (Thomas). A. aiuericaiinin, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 466. — Thos., Trans. • 111. St. Ag. Soc, V, 448, 452. Syu., Orylhis americanus, Drury, 111. II, App. Descr., and Fig. 1, 128, PI. 49, Fig 2 (ed. 1773). Locusta tartarica, West, in Drury 111., I, 121, PI. 49, Fig. 2 (ed. 1837). ■ Acridiwn rustiemn, Prof. Glover's Fig. 15, PI. I. lu Drury, 111. Xat. Hist., ed. 1770, 128 ; it is described and figured (PI. 49, Fig. 2), with- out name. Female. — Large size. Vertex hexagonal, with a central depression ; frontal costa solid and somewhat prominent above the ocellus, sulcate at the ocellus, sides nearly parallel. Eyes elongate-oval, rounded behind, straight 173 in front. Pronotum expanding at the posterior lobe ; median carina but slightly prominent; humeral angles sub-distinct on the posterior lobe, ob- tusely rounded ; anterior and middle lobes marked with minute, shallow cells, each having a very minute tubercle in the center ; posterior lobe densely punctured; posterior margin about right-angled ; apex rounded. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen one-third their length. Posterior femora reach- ing the apex of the abdomen. Prosternal spine large, curved backward, hairy. Color. — Reddish-Ijrown, with a slight vermilion-tint. A yellow stripe extends from the vertex along the middle of the head and pronotum, and also upon the suture of the clased elytra as far as the tip of the abdomen. A dai'k-brown line down the cheeks below the eyes. On the sides of the pro- notum is a yellow stripe extending from the sub-marginal to the last cross- incision, directed a little obliquely downward ; below this is a brown stripe ; then a narrow yellow stripe directed obliquely upward ; lower margin yellow. Elytra opaque and reddish at base, rest semi-transparent ; a narrow, white stripe on the lower margin, next the base; the disk and apical half marked with large, cellular, fuscous spots. Wings transparent ; nerves at the base and inner portion yellowisii-white, of the other portions black. Legs bright vermilion-red. Posterior femora have a row of black dots along the upper and lower margins of the disk, and one through the middle ; spines of pos- terior tibias yellow, tipped with black. Each segment of the abdomen has a ring of dusky dots on its posterior margin. Male. — *Much smaller. Sub-anal plate prolonged, deeply notched at the apex ; cerci very broad, straight, and truncate at the apex. Dimensions. — ? Length, 2 inches; elytra, 2.1 inches ; posterior femora, 1.16 inches; posterior tibiae, 1.05 inches. $ Length, 1.7 inches; elytra, 1.65 inches ; posterior femora, 1 inch ; posterior tibijB, 0.9 inch. North Carolina, Southern States, Florida, Alabama, Texas (Scudder) ; Illinois, Tennessee, Mississippi, District of Columbia (Thomas) ; Virginia, New York (?) (Drury). A. aiubig;iium,'' Thos., Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 447. Male atid female. — Very similar in size, markings, and carvings to A. * There has been much confusion in regard to the A. americanum, with which this has doubtless been confounded, notwithstanding its large size, distinct markings, and the very full description given by Drury as early as 1770. The markings and carvings 174 americanum, with which it has long been confounded, and from which it differs chiefly and ahnost exclusively in the general color. The former {americanum) is more deeply and closely punctured about the head than the latter. In the former the frontal costa, besides the smaller punctures, has, along each margin, a row of regularly-spaced, large, black punctures, which are wanting or less distinct in the latter. The spots of the latter are scarcely as large and paler than in the fotmer. Color. — Yellow or brownish-yellow. Face yellow ; occiput pale-brown. Dorsum of the pronotum light-brown; the dorsal stripe dim, and sometimes, especially in the male, absent. Sides of the pronotum yellow; a dusky spot in the middle, with a yellow stripe through it. Wings transparent-yellow at the base ; veins of the apex and of tiie anterior portions black. Abdomen greenish-yellow. Legs bright-yellow ; femora reddish above. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 2 inches; elytra, 1.95 inches. $ Length, 1.6 inches; elytra, 1.74 inches; posterior femora, 1 inch; posterior tibiae, 0.9 inch. Southern Illinois, Kansas, Tennessee (Thomas). A. ob!!iCuruui, Burm., Handb. Ent, II, 632. Syn., Oryllus obscurus, Fabr., Eut. Syst., suppl., 191. — Figd. Glov. Ills. Ent. Orth., PI. V, Fig. 12. Female. — Body large, robust. Vertex hexagonal, bordered behind by a transverse line running from the upper canthus of one eye to that of the are nearly exactly alike, but the general or ground color is different; and a close liersoual observation of the two in Illiuois, for several years, inclines me to consider them as distinct species. One always appears in the spring, April or May; the other never earlier than the middle of July. And from specimens received from Tennessee and Kansas, I am satisfied the same thing is true there, and it is, as I know from personal observation, true in the District of Columbia. The two species also difl'er in appear- ance when on the wing ; the A. americanum having the appearance and bright silvery wings of the Calopteims spretus, while the other has not. De Geer (Mem. Ins., Ill, PL 40, Fig. 8) figures probably a specimen of my ambiguum, which he names A. flavo-faticiatum ; but Serville's descrii)tion applies to another species. Olivier's A. vittatum, which he makes synonymous with De Geer's species, is also a difit'ereut insect (Encyc. Method. Ins. VI, 221). De Haau (Bijdr. Kenn. Orthop., 113), who received specimens from Tennessee, undoubtedly of my ambiffuum, says that A. carneii)es, Serv., is but a \'ariety of A. flavo-fasciaticin. Westwood, in his edition of Drury, gives the name Locusta tartaricus to his figure, thus identifying it with Grylhis tartaricun, Linn., one of the destructive oriental species. In this state of confusion, I have concluded to give a name to the yellow species, us it does not clearly appear to have been distinguished from the A. americanum. 175 other; almost horizontal; center depressed and sinooth. Frontal costa moderately broad, sides parallel or nearly so ; margins somewhat acute ; flat, with a slight depression at the ocellus; lateral cariuse distinct, acute. Pro- notum but slightly expanded posteriorly ; median carina somewhat distinct ; densel}^ punctate, posterior lobe shagreened. Prosternal spine cylindrical, slightly bent bachward. Elytra and wings extend beyond the extremity of the abdomen about one-fifth their length. Posterior femora scarcely reach- ing the tip of the abdomen ; the upper carina minutely serrate. Color. — Olive-green, with fuscous dots. An irregular stripe of fuscous dots extends from the eye down the cheek ; antenna^ yellow. A yellow stripe extends along the occiput and median carina of the pronotum, bordered each side with fuscous ; a yellowish stripe also along the humerus of the pronotum, not always present. Elytra fuscous, the upper margin pale-yellow, forming a sutural stripe when closed. Wings transparent, yellowish. A yellow stripe reaches from the base of the wings to the middle coxa. Legs olive-green or blackish ; anterior pair palest; the posterior femora have short, oblique, fuscous lines on the disk, the inferior lobes of the apex yellow ; posterior tibiae blackish, spines yellow, tipped with black. Posterior margins of the abdominal segments tipped with yellow, and marked with a ring of regularly-placed fus- cous dots. Dimenswns. — 9 Length, 2 inches; elytra, 1.75 inches; hind femora, 1.15 inches; hind tibiae, 1.08 inches. $ Length, 1.35 inches. South Carohna (Burmeister) ; Carolina (De Haan) ; North America (Gu^rin-Mdneville) ; Texas (Scudder) ; Florida (Glover). A. ^hof^hone, Thos., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, p. 296, Large size ; green, without dorsal stripe. Female. — Vertex nearly horizontal, distinctly hexagonal ; sides angularly expanding in front of the eyes ; flat. Frontal costa prominent ; sides par- allel; sulcate from the ocellus downward, above this somewhat gibbous and punctured ; lateral carinse very prominent, parallel. Pronotum slightly expanding posteriorly, coarsely and reticulately punctured ; median carina distinct, severed by the three transverse incisions. Elytra and wings passing the abdomen. Ceixi very short, broad at base, narrowed and rounded at the tip. Posterior femora much enlarged at the base , posterior tibiae consider- aljly enlarged at the apex. Prosternal spine robust, cylindrical, and nearly 176 straight. Pectus punctured. Abdomen of the male somewhat elongate; cerci very broad and flat, very slightly and obtusely notched at the apex, which is bent upward and over the last segment ; sub-anal plate elongate, turned upward, with a deep, square notch at the apex. Color. — Dark-green. Ocelli bright, transparent-amber ; eyes brown ; cheeks yellowish, with a dark-green stripe extending downward from the eyes. The pronotum has some pale spots on the sides, and sometimes the posterior lobe is tinged with brown. Elytra uniform green, semi-transparent toward the apex, and sometimes faintly tinged with brown. Wings hyaline ; nerves and nervules dark-brown. Posterior femora greenish above and below ; pinnee of the disk alternately white and green, the white occupying the flat interspaces ; inner face greenish-yellow. Posterior tibiae bright- vermilion, the under surface being striped with yellow ; spines yellow at the base, tipped with black. Venter and pectus dark-green, sometimes varied with dark-brown. Dimensions,- — 9 Length, 2 to 2.5 inches; elytra, 1.7 to 2 inches; poste- rior femora, 1.25 inches; posterior tibiae, 1.2 inches. $ Length, 1.6 to 1.75 inches. Arizona (Thomas). This fine, large species in some I'esjiects is closely allied to A. ohscurum.. Barm., in others to A. emarginatum, Uhler, but appears to be distinct. It differs from both in wanting the stripe on the pronotum and the dark dots or strijjes on the hind femora. TROPIDACRIS, 8cu(Ifl. Species very large. Head large, compressed ; space between the eyes equal to the shorter diameter of the eye ; median frontal ridge broader than the length of the first joint of the antennae ; the breadth of the labrum is equal to the distance from the upper edge of the clypeus to the upper limit of the frontal costa ; the lateral carinas of the front are distinct, divergent. Pronotum tapers moderately, anterior width to the posterior as 1 to 1.20 ; posterior angle a right angle or less ; median carina cristate, more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly, sometimes obsolete behind. Prosternal spine rather slender, slightly compressed laterally, slightly curved backward. Elytra fully five and one-half times longer than broad ; nervules prominent. Wings long and broad, largely spotted with dusky colors. Abdomen comparatively 177 slender. Outer surfkce of the hind femora flat or l)arely convex. Terminal segment of the male nearly as narrow at the base as at the tip, greatly pro- duced and tapering, compressed into a dull carina along the lower edge. T. dux, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 347. Syn., Gryllus dtu; Drury, lus., II, PI. 40. {ex parte), Fab., Sp. Ins., I, 3G3. (Locnsta) dux, Stoll, Saiit. et Grill., PI. Ih, Fig. 1. Acridium dux, Oliv., Enc. Metb.. VI, 215, PI. 12«, Fig. 21. Locusta dux, Duncan., Intr. Ent., 257, PI. 15, Fig. 2. (EuUdoderes) dux, "West, ed. Drury, II, 92, PI. 44. Gryllus eristatus, Thunb., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 224; IX, 402. Acridhm latrcillei, Fitch, Trans. N. T. St. Ag. Soc, XVI, 507 ; Third Eep., 172, Pis. 3, 4. Crest of the pronotum tipped with black ; first and second lobes as dis- tinct as the others ; on the posterior half of the pronotum the crest anteriorly is elevated considerably, more than in the allied species. Elytra greenish- griseous ; the veins luteous and luteo-fulvous, variegated with pale blotches, small and frequent on the basal half, confluent about the middle and apically, forming very irregular, rather broad, and distant, zigzag bands parallel with the outer border. Wings brick-red, rather broadly bordered with black at the hind margin, and furnished with multitudinous black spots over the whole wing ; these spots are ordinarily quadrate, transverse, but near the middle of the outer border they Ijecome confluent, forming wavy bands along the longi- tudinal veins, and toward the hind border they form confluent or broken bands sub-parallel to the hind border ; these spots are less frequent and often very indistinct in the male. Hind femora marked externally with a double row of roundish spots, merging into one toward the apex ; spines of the hind tiljiai greenish-black ; claws tipped with black. Dimensions. — Expansion of the elytra, 2 9 inches ; ^ 5.2 inches. Length of the female about 4 inches. Texas (Scudder). 23 a 178 Divis. TII.-XIPHOCERIDES. Conophori, Serv. and Scudd. Antennae acuminate ; joints distinct. The face vertical or sub-oblique ; the front advanced between the antennae in the form of a short, blunt cone or pyramid, but not prolonged as in ConocephaUdes. It contains, according to the present arrangement, but two groups, Xiphocerini and Phymatini, and corresponds exactly with the Conophori of Serville and Scudder. A. Joiuts of the autcnuse more or less flattened Xipliocerini. A A. Joints of the autenufe terrete Phymatini. Group 6.-XIPH0CERINI. Xiplioceridce and Pamphagida. Scudd., Walk. Antenna3 acuminate; the joints distinct and more or less flattened. The vertex flat, triangular; front advanced between the antennae in the form of a short, triangular pyramid. It is represented in the United States by but one genus, Rhomalea, which is by no means a true type of the group, but ap- proaches in several respects the gigantic AcridiL RHOMALiEAl Biirm. Romalea, Serv. ; Dictyophorus, BruU^ ; Rutioderes, Westw. Large size. Vertex pyramidal, slightly produced in front of the eyes ; margins raised. Face sub-vertical; frontal costa prominent, sulcate, not reaching the clypeus ; lateral carinas obtuse, sinuous. Maxillary palpi short ; ultimate joint longest, slightly obconic, obliquely truncate. Pronot'im long; median carina very prominent; lateral carinas obliterated on the front lobes, obtuse, but distinct on the posterior ; the three cross-incisions distinct, cutting the median carina ; a fourth near the front margin on the sides ; sub-truncate in front; posterior extremity prolonged, angled. Elytra and wings shorter than the abdomen ; the former with two strong nerves dividing each into three nearly equal fields. Abdomen carinated ; anal appendages of the female large; sub-anal plate of the male triangular. Posterior femora but moderately enlarged at the base, reaching the apex of the abdomen. An- 179 tennse acuminate somewhat flattened, joints distinct, third and sixth longest. Prosternal spine prominent, large at base. R. centnrio, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 620. Syn., Locmtu (liutiodcres) centurio, Drury, 111. Exot. Ent., II, 88, PI. 41, Fig. 3, Gryllus centurio, Drury, App., II.— Stoll, Eep. d. Spect., 15, PI. vi b. Fig. 19. Acridium centurio, De Ilaau, Bijr. Kenn. Ortliop., 144. (Bhomalea) micropterwn, DeHaan., Verz. Nat. Gescli. Ned. lud. Bez. Ins., 151. micropterum. Pal. Beauv., Ins. Afr., 146. Bomalea microptera, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 022 ; Cbarp., Orthop., Tab. 49. Gryllii.s (Locusta) ptmctatus, Stoll, Saut. et. Grill., PI. 10, Fig. 34. Dictyophonis guttatus, Blanch., Hist. Nat. Ins., Ill, 40. Female. — Head testaceous; middle part of the labrum black; occiput varied with black lines and irregular dots. Pi-onotum shagreened on the posterior lobe, testaceous; disk varied with fuscous. Elytra much shorter than the abdomen, ovate, pale rufo-testaceous, covered with small black spots and dots. Wings long as elytra, base and disk red ; external border black ; the nervules run obliquely from one nerve to another, forming narrow quadrangular cells. Abdomen black; carina and junctions of the segments testaceous. Venter testaceous ; the segments have an oval black spot each side at the base. Anterior and middle legs .testaceous ; posterior femora with numerous black dots on the margins of the disk. 3Iale. — Smaller ; occiput blackish, with a median line, testaceous. Dimensions. — 9 Length, 2.25 inches. ^ 2 inches. North America, Carolina (Serville) ; Florida (Thomas). Figd., Glov., Ills. Am. Ent. Orth., PL III, Fig. 4. 2ie?}iarks. — The following description is from living specimens : Female. — Vertex broad between the eyes ; advanced and forming a right angle in front of the eyes ; surface flat and nearly horizontal ; margins slightly elevated. Frontal costa narrow, slightly expanding below, extending only about two-thirds the distance toward the clypeus ; slightly sulcate. Antenrial foveolfe profound. Antennse but slightly enlarged near the base, slightly flattened ; joints very disthict, somewhat obconic ; third and sixth longest. Pronotum slightly widening hindward, median carina distinct and somewhat prominent; lateral carinse obliterated on the front and middle lobes, distinct, but obtuse on the posterior lobe ; anterior lobes sub-cylindrical, rounded up- 180 ward .regularly to the median ridge, the posterior lobe with the disk flat; an- terior margin truncate, posterior margin prolonged, a little less than a right- angle, but obtusely rounded at the tip ; posterior lateral margins much sloped, "very slightly curving inward, but not angulate. Elytra ovate-lanceolate with two very strong longitudinal nerves dividing them into three sub-equal fields ; nervules prominent and reticulate; extend about two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Posterior femora quite thick near the base, shorter than the ab- domen; tibiae enlarged at the apex; first joint of the tarsi very long, second very short. Color. — Yellow and black. Head is bright-yellow, except as follows: eyes black ; two stripes on the occiput reaching as far forward as the eyes, a semicircular dotted stripe behind each eye, the margins of the vertex, and inside of the antennal foveoLe, black. Palpi, base of the mandibles and lateral margins of the clypeus, frosty-white. Pronotum yellow-olive, with an interrupted black stripe along the lateral carinse and a black stripe along the middle, which is divided into two parts or stripes by the olive-colored median carina. Elytra dull olive-yellow on the prominent reticulate nervules; the two longitudinal nerves and cellular spaces black ; the middle field is tinged with red. Wings with the base and disk a bright crimson-red, with the outer margin black. Abdomen bright-yellow, each segmeut with a large, black spot on each side; these are' less on the basal than the apical segments. Ventei* and sternum almost entirely pale-yellow. Posterior femora dull orange-yellow, marked with black, as follows : A narrow stripe each side of the upper carina, alternate rays or pinnae of the disk, with corresponding marks on the inner face, black. Tibise bright-yellow, inferior and external face marked with a narrow black stripe at the apex. Tarsi yellow above ; joints, claws, and pulvilli black. Antennae yellow, striped with black on the under side. R. .marci, Serv., Hist. Orthop., 623. Syn., AcrUUum {Romalca) giganteum, De Haan, Bijdr. Keim. Orthop., 143. Khomulea gigantca, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, C19. Dictyophorus rcticulatus, Thuub., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 259. Female. — Body black, varied with yelloiv. Face olive; labrum tipped with black ; clypeus fuscous ; lateral carinse yellow. Occiput and vertex black, a yellow line reaching from the vertex to the pronotum ; a yellow spot 181 each side near the hind margin, and a yellowish spot behind the eyes. Pro- uotum slightly arched, the three cross-incisions cutting the median carina ; a fourth incision each side near the front mai-gin ; posterior lobe thickly punc- tured, transversely slightly rugnlose. Median carina yellow, bordered each side by black ; central portions of the sides yellow ; posterior lobe yellow on the outer portions of the disk, lateral margin yellow. Carina of the abdomen, sutures, and lower lateral margins of the segments yellow. Elytra reaching the fifth segment, the two chief nerves brown ; rest yellowish, thickly dotted with brown. Wings a little shorter than the elytra; base and disk red, bordered externally with a black band. Venter yellow; an oval black spot on each side of each segment at the base. Posterior and middle legs yellow beneath, darker above; middle femora striped with black; postferior femora with a ])lack stripe above, disk varied with black. Dimensions. — Length, 2.5 inches ; elytra, 1 inch ; posterior femora, 1.25 inches; posterior tibiae, 1.25 inches. Tennessee (De Haan) ; Western America (Thunberg) ; South Carolina (Serville, Burraeister) ; Southern States (Thomas) ; Missouri (?) (Walker). Remark. — I think it very probable that this is but a variety of R. centurio. Group 7.-PHYMATINI.(?) There are no representatives of this group found in North America. (?) SuB-FAM. II.-TEITIGIN^. Peritrachelia, Fieb. ; Tetricidites, Serv.; Tetricides, Scudd.; Tettigidce, Walk. This sub-family is distinguished from the preceding by the following prominent characters : The pronotum extends back over the abdomen to or beyond its extremity. The elytra are rudimentary, in the form of scales, and placed on the sides of the body. Without any pulvilli between the claws of the tarsi. The prosternum not truncate, but advanced and inclosing the mouth in the form of a mutHer. The United States species of this sub-family have been arranged in three genera by Mr. Scudder as follows : Teitix, Tettigidea, Batracliidea. 182 Synoptical table of the genera. A. Proiiotum arched rouudly BatracMdea. AA. Pi'onotum nearly or quite horizontal : a. Antennae 13 or 14 jointed Tettix. aa. Antennae 22joiuted Tettigidea. Remark. — I have not studied the species of this sub-family with suf- ficient care to determine their relations, and therefore will not attempt to arrange them with more accuracy than what is -indicated by the short descriptions found in the writings of the entomologists by whom they have been described. I have placed in Tettix those species in which there is no mention of characters which indicate that they belong to other genera. TETTIX, Fis€h. tie T^^ GnjUus bulla, Linn.; Tetrix, Latr. ; Peritrachelia, Fieb. (Ent. Mon.); Platy- paryphen, Fieb. (Kelch., Orth. Obeschl). Head generally small ; face more or less unicarinate; eyes globular, some- what prominent ; palpi short, filiform. Antenna? filiform, consisting of thir- teen or fourteen joints, slightly distinct. Pronotum more or less horizontal, extending back over the abdomen to or beyond its extremity ; the lower an- terior angle of the sides angulated and bent inward ; the lateral carinas some- what prominent, and convergent near the front border. Elytra short, squam- ous, in the form of oval scales. Wings well developed, usually as long or longer than the abdomen and slightly curving upward at the extremity. Pronotum without any spine or tubercle. Species small. T. graiaiieata, Scudd., Can. Nat., VII. 288.' Syn., Acrydium granulatwn, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. Ins., 251. Tetrix ornata, Harr., Kep., 3d ed., 186. (Not Acrydium ornatwm, Say.) Cinereous, obscurely clouded with black, with the whole body granu- lated with very minute, elevated, whitish points. Pronotum longer than the abdomen, tricarinate. Tibias reddish, obscurely banded with white. Body black, sprinkled with numberless very minute, elevated points or granules. Pronotum cinereous, clouded obscurely with black ; the middle carina straight, and the lateral ones curved at the base. The rudiments of the elytra cinereous, ridged, punctured wilh excavated punctures; nerves of 183 the wings black, those of the costal area white. The four anterior tibias are reddish, obscurely banded, or, rather, annulated, with white. Length, 5 lines. Arctic America (Kirby). Dark ash-colored ; a large, white pa,tch between four black spots on the top of the pronotum. A white spot on the top of the hind femora. Prono- tum nearly or quite as long as the wings ; sometimes varies in wanting the white spot on the top of the pronotum. Length, 0.55 to 0.6 inch. Massachusetts (Harris). It is distinguished from T. ornnta by its longer pronotum and greater size, and also by the prominence of the vertex, which advances considerably in front of the eyes, having the front border granulated ; this latter feature also distinguishes it from T. cucullata and T. rugosa. The males are much narrower than the females. (Scudder.) Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Minnesota (Scudder) ; Arctic America, Hudson's Bay, Lake Huron (Walker). T. orisatn, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 474. Syu., Acrydixnn ornatum, Say, Am. Ent., Le Conte ed., I, 10, PI. v, Fig. 1. Tetrix arenosa, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 659. dorsalis, Harr., Eep., 3d ed., 186. quadrimaculata, Harr., Eep., 3d ed., 186. biUneata, Harr., Eep., 3d ed., 186. sordida, Harr., Eep., 3d ed., 187. (Not T. ornata, Harr.) This species is smaller than T. granulata ; has the vertex but little thrust forward in advance of the eyes, and the front border nearly straight instead of angulated. The pronotum is shorter than in Ihe preceding, and the wings are smaller. Both this and the preceding species have almost every conceivable variation of ornamentation, upon which, almost exclusively, Harris established his specific differences ; but, as Uhler has remarked, " Color and style of marking are of very little value in separating the species of Tettix." (Scudder.) Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, Missouri (Scudder) ; Southern Illinois (Thomas). I give herewith the descriptions of the various synonyms : Acrydium ornatum. Say. Whitish; fuscous beneath.' Pronotum nearly as long as the wings. 184 spotted with black. Head blackish ; vertex with au elevated longitudinal line, which extends down over the frgnt, where it is grooved, but this groove- does not reach the acute ridge which divides the vertex from the front. Thorax (pronotum) flattened, somewhat granulated and whitish, laterally pro- jecting a little over the origin of the elytra; a slightly elevated,' longitudinal, central line, and two oblique, abbreviated, elevated lines near the bead. A velvet-black spot each side over the tip of the elytra. Pleura, elytra, and pectus black-brown. Length to tbe tip of the wings, half au inch. Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Say). T. arenosa, Burm. Vertex broad at the front border, somewhat truncated ; margins sharp, broader through the middle, though not so prominent as at the eyes. Fuscous, sometimes variegated with paler. Head elongate; eyes promi- nent, and placed at the apex of the front. Length, 3.7 to 5 lines. South Carolina (Burmeister). T. dorsalis, Harr. Rusty-black, with ocher-yellow spots on the sides and legs, and a large, rusty-red spot on the top of the thorax. Wings extending beyond the apex of the thorax. Length, half an inch. Massachusetts (Harris) ; New York (Fitch). T. quadri?naculata, Harr. Ash-colored, with dark-gray above, variegated with black ; four velvet- black spots on the top of the thorax. Wings projecting beyond the extremity of the thorax. Length, 0.4 to 0.5 inch. Massachusetts (Harris). T. hilineata, Harr. Ash-colored ; thorax paler, with a narrow, angular, whitish line on each side, extending from the head beyond the middle, the angular portion includ- ing a long, blackish patch on each side. Wings in the male rather shorter than the thorax (pronotum) ; in the female longer. Length, 0.35 to 0.45 inch. Massachusetts (Harris). T. sordida, Harr. Yellowish ash-colored ; thorax with minuf-e, elevated, black points. Wings in both sexes rather longer than the thorax (pronotum). 185 Length, 0.45 to 0.5 inch. Massachusetts (Harris). All these are placed by Harris under the following division : Antennae 14-jointed. Eyes very prominent, with a projecting ridge between them, formed by a horizontal extension of the flat top of the head. Thorax (pronotum) prolonged beyond the extremity of the body. T. ciiciillnta, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 475. Syn., Tetrix ciicullata, Burm., Handb. Ent., II, 658. Vertex at the front border smaller than across the middle of the promi- nent eyes. Testaceous-fuscous, granulose. Pronotum dilated in front, ad- vanced upon the head to the eyes. 9 4 to 5.5 lines. • South Carolina (Bur- meister). Differs from T. granulata, which it most resembles, in having the vertex very narrow, slightly less than the diameter of the much-inflated eyes, the front cut off square and slightly hollowed, not projecting outward so far as the eyes. The pi'onotum is broader and more compact over the thorax, more suddenly sloped off* "behind, and extending backward nearly twice the length of the abdomen, the wings overreaching slightly. The punctures upon the elytra are of the same size, but not so deep, as in T. granulata. Length of pronotum, 9 0.5 inch ; 3 0.4 inch. Massachusetts, Missouri (Scudder). T. femorata, Scudd., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, II, 305. Vertex but little broader than one of the eyes, barely projecting in advance of them; the front scarcely rounded. Pronotum reaching to the tip of the abdomen, not including the ovipositor; median carina very prominent, slightly arched ; surface arenose. Elytra small, well rounded, with shallow punctures. Wings not longer than the elytra. Hind femora very broad and stout. 9 Length, 9.5 miUimeters ; pronotum, 8 millimeters; elytra, 1.6 milli- meters ; hind femora, 5.2 millimeters. Maryland (Scudder). T. triaiagularis, Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, 475. Allied to T. ornata, and agreeing with it in ornamentation, in the char- acter of the vertex and prominence of the eyes, but differing in the length of 24 A 186 the pronotum and wings. As in both of the preceding species, the pronotura and wings are of equal length, but in this the pronotum is scarcely longer than the body, and is not produced backward into such a slender point, the sides being straighten The breadth is contained three times in the length. It is a smaller species than the preceding. Length of pronotum, 0.17 inch. Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire (Scudder). T. rug:o!cli. Saussure places under the following division and subdivisions the four following North American species of this genus : Division I. — Antenna filiform or sub-filiform — Rhammatocerus, Fisch.: 1. Lateral carince of the pronotmn straight or nearly straight : St. niy!!iteciis, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 317. Medium size, green or testaceous-bay. Head large, conical, punctate; vertex much produced in front of the eyes^rounded, and destitute of foveolae; the rostrum convex above, in no way excavated. Face much deflexed, but scarcely arcuate, rugulose ; costa moderately prominent, punctate, marginate with parallel carinse, these evanescent above. Pronotum punctate throughout, but slightly angulate posteriorly; posterior sulcus situated considerably behind the middle ; lateral carinse straight, parallel, obsolete behind the pos- terior sulcus, cut by the penultimate sulcus a little in front of the middle, and produced in front, indistinctly upon the head, to the eyes. Posterior legs slender. Elytra a little shorter than the abdomen. Antennae filiform. Length, 1.12 inches; elytra, 0.68 inches. Mexico (Saussure). 2. Lateral carince of the pronotum arcuate or broken, and more or less approximate before the middle : a. Rostrum of the Vertex obtuse, apex rounded : 206 St. viatoriii!^, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 317. Large, green (when dried, fuliginous), varied with fuscous ; body much compressed, a green fascia above. Head narrow; vertex horizontal; a}3ex furnished with a sub-cycloidal foveola ; lateral foveolse obliterated ; face de- flexed, convex, and mottled ; no intermediate carinas ; costa strongly arcuate, somewhat prominent above, but not below, convex, not sulcate even at the ocellus. Disk of the pronotum fuscous ; posterior margin angulate ; lateral carinae slender, indicated by a green fascia, before the middle angulate, somewhat approximate, and then obsolete. Posterior femora much inflated at the base. Elytra elongate, gray ; marked on the posterior margin with green ; anterior margin near the base enlarged ; spotted or fasciate with green or pellucid, the discal field marked with fuscous spots. Wings hyaline, greenish; veins fuscous toward the apex, often clouded at the apex. Posterior tibiae yellow; apex blue. Posterior femora bluish or yellowish internally, trifasciate with fuscous. Antennae as long as the head and pronotum together. Length of the body, 1.50 inches. Occurs in all Mexico, abundant in the fields, and injurious (Saussure). St. ^re^arius, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 318. Closely allied to St. viaiorius, but less ; body more compressed. Head narrow, seen from the side trigonal or conical ; face much deflexed, scarcely arcuate ; frontal costa very prominent, punctate, not channeled, narrow above, obsolete below, but in the male reaches to the clypeus"; cheek-carinae distinct throughout; vertex strongly produced in front of the eyes, narrow; apex trigonal, foveolate ; lateral foveolse obsolete ; eyes large, elongate, sub-oblique, acuminate above. Antennae filiform, flattened. Pronotum as in St. viatorius, but narrower. Anterior femora less inflated. Externo-median vein of the elytra reti-orse, sub-arcuate. Color as in St. viatorius. Tibiae red, blue at the apex. Wings hyaline. Length, $ 1 inch. 9 1.25 inches. Islands of Saint Thomas and Hayti (Saussure). h. Rostrum of the vertex trigotial, angulate, distinctly foveolate: St. tepanecus, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 319. Rather small, testaceous ; two fuscous fascia on the sides. Head tri- gonal; face much deflexed, not arcuate; an acute fronto-vertical girdle; facial 207 costa narrow, sulcate ; carinae straight, approximate above, slightly divergent below. Rostrum of the vertex trigonal, foveolate ; margins acutely carinate, distinctly angulate (as in Toinonotus) ; lateral foveola almost linear, situated under the margin of the rostrum somewhat in front. Pronotum compressed, posterior extremity obtuse-angled ; lateral carina3 slightly arcuate, somewhat distant; transverse furrows sinuous, the posterior deeply impressed, situated a little behind the middle ; posterior lobe slightly punctate. Posterior femora sub-inflated. Elytra much longer than the abdomen. Wings fuscous. Length to tip of elytra, 0.96 inch. Mexico (Saussure). St. luexicaiiii!^, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 756. Male. — Grass-green. Head and pronotum marked on each side with a whitish, brown-bordered line, which extends from the eye to the base of the elytra. Head elongate; tip of the vertex concave, nearly triangular; the furrow (foveola) on each side linear; front (face) oblique, with four distinct keels, which diverge toward the face, the inner pair connected at their junc- tion with the tip of the vertex. Pronotum with three very slight keels; lateral keels occupied by the two lines, parallel from the fore border to the first transverse furrow, very slightly diverging from thence to the hind border, which is rounded. Abdomen testaceous, a little shorter than the hind femora. Hind femora with a brown stripe beneath ; hind tibiae with a paler band near the base. Elytra nearly pellucid, with a grass-green, lanceolate stripe on the costa and another on the hind border ; a row of pale-brown dots between the stripes, and three very irregular rows of very pale-brown dots in the exterior part. Wings slightly cinereous, brownish about the apical part of the exterior border; a brown streak along the exterior part of the costa; veins black, testaceous at the base and along the interior border. ^ Length of the body, 0.79 inch; expansion of elytra, 1.25 inches. Oajaca (Walker). Remark (Walker). — The structure of the tip of the vertex will distin- guish it from St. viatorius, and the slight transverse furrows of the pronotum from St. tepanecus. The lateral keels of St. mystecus are parallel. SI. decif^Hs, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 757. Male. — Pale-testaceous. Head and pronotum have on each side a black stripe, which is concise on the inner side and diffuse on the outer side, and 208 is on the outside of the lateral keel, except near the hind border of the pro- notum, where it appears also on the inner side. Tip of the vertex flat, con- ical, with slight elevated border ; furrow on each side nearly obsolete ; front (face) punctured, very oblique, the four keels diverging toward the face, the two inner keels connected between the sockets of the antennte, where they form a ridge. Antennae slender, nearly cyhndrical, rather longer than the head and the pronotum together. Pronotum with three very slight keels ; lateral keels slightly converging from the fore border to the first transverse furrow, where they are slightly angular, and whence they diverge slightly to the hind border, which is rounded ; the two transverse furrows approach each other on the disk. Abdomen somewhat shorter than the hind femora. Hind femora with an irregular and interrupted blackish stripe on the outer side, with an entire blackish stripe beneath, and with a blackish spot on the disk of the inner side; hind tibias and hind tarsi whitish, the former with an irregular, blackish band near the base. Elytra with a blackish costal stripe. Wings pellucid. Length of the body, 0.55 inch. San Domingo (Walker). Remark (Walker). — The wings of the specimen described are only slightly developed. The color and markings distinguish it from St. viatorius. St. arcfaUis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 761. Grass-green, testaceous beneath. Head and pronotum with a broad, blackish stripe on each side, which is partly on the inner side of the stripes (?) (carinse) of the pronotum, toward the hind border. Tip of the vertex flat, elongate-conical ; furrow on each side nearly linear ; front very oblique, with four slight, diverging keels ; inner keels connected and forming a ridge be- tween the sockets of the antennae. Antennae slender, filiform. Pronotum with three very slight keels ; lateral keels white, slightly converging from the fore border to the first transverse farrow, diverging from thence to the hind border, which is rounded. Legs testaceous ; hind femora with a paler band near the tips, which are blackish ; hind tibiae blackish toward the base, near which there is a pale-yellow band. Elytra brown, with a grass-green, lanceolate stripe along the hind border ; exterior part of the latter cinereous. Wings cinereous, brownish about the tips, with a black costal streak ; veins black, testaceous at the base and along the interior border. 209 Length of the body (supposed), 0.67 inch; expansion of elytra, 1.25 inches. The abdomen of the specimen described was mutilated. The converg- ing lateral keels of the pronotum distinguish it from St. concinnulus and rugu- losus (South American species). Honduras (Walker). . St.'viridissimus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 761. Female. — Vivid grass-green. Head and pronotum on each side with a whitish, shghtly browu-hordered line. Head with a linear and very narrow furrow on each side of the tip of the vertex; front with four slight, diverging keels, the inner pair nearly contiguous where they join the tip of the vertex. Pronotum with three very slight keels, the lateral pair very slightly curved inward, bearing the lines before mentioned ; hind border rounder. Abdo- men pale-testaceous, a little shorter than the hind femora. Hind tibife shorter than the abdomen, their spines with black tijjs. Elytra pale rose-color, this hue diminishing toward the tip ; costa rounded near the base. Wings pel- lucid; veins black. Length of body, 0.75 inch; expansion of elytra, 1.17 inches. Honduras (Walker). St. mobilis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt , V, suppl., 79. Male. — Pale-green. Head and pronotum with two irregular brown, more or less interrupted stripes, which widen hindward. Head conical ; tip of the vertex nearly round, with a curved transverse furrow ; front (face) thinly punctured, with four very slight diverging keels. Eyes tawny, pear- sliaped. Antennte brown, testaceous toward the base. Pronotum with a well-defined middle keel, and with two slight lateral keels, which are angular and diverge hindward ; fore border and sides nearly straight ; hind border much rounded. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, with a black patch on the inner side near the base; under side red. Hind tibiae red, nearly as long as the hind femora, pale-yellow on each side at the base ; blackish on each side at the tips ; spines black, except at the base. Elytra nearly pellucid, with a discal stripe of spots and patches, which are formed by brown or l)lackish veins ; a sub-costal line of transversely-elongated brown 27 A 210 or blackish points. Wings pellucid ; veins l>lack, pale-yellow at the base and along the interior border. Length of body, 1.33 inches ; expansion of elytra, 2.76 ioches. Oajaca, Mexico (Walker). S. variegata, Fisch., Orth. Europ., 358, PI. 16, Fig. 2. Syu., , Stoll., Saut. et Grill., PI. 106, Fig. 36. Gryllus, variegatus, Sulz., Abgek. Gesch., 84, PI. 9, Fig. 4. cothurnatus, Creutzer, Ent. Versuch., 139, PI. 3, Fig. 32. Gompliocerzis cothurnatus, Biirm., Haudb. Ent., II, 047. (Etlixmda (Arcyptera) eothurnata, Serv., Hist. Ortbop., 743. Arcyptera eothurnata, Fisch. de W., Ortb. Ross., 333, PI. 22, Figs. 1 aud 2. CaUiptamus morio, Serv., Eev. Metb., 94. Body greenish-yellow ; the head of this color, smooth, shining, thick, especially in the female ; antennal foveoljB profound ; the four carinse of the face somewhat obliterated. Proiiotum of a blackish-brown, a little downy or velvety ; the disk much contracted anteriorly ; the three carinas greenish, the median reaching from the front to the posterior border ; the sides compressed, spotted with greenish. The prosternum has, in the middle, a slight swelling. Elytra much longer than the abdomen ; rounded at the apex, contracted at the base ; anterior margin dilated in both sexes, but much more so in the male than in the female ; transparent in the center ; the two parts strongly reticulated, forming a peculiar net-work ; the base and extremity less trans- parent, of the same brown color as the wings; nervules of the ordinary form; internal border of a greenish-yellow. Wings as long as the elytra, trans- parent, of a clear brown throughout, with a violet reflection. Legs the color of the body ; the inner face of the posterior femora and some large spots on the external face black ; lower sulcus of a coral-red ; the lower border of the inner face also of the same color. Posterior tibiae of a shining black at the base, immediately below which there is a broad, yellow annulation ; the rest of a coral-red ; the tips of the spines black. Sub-anal plate of the male long and pointed. Length, $ 1.2 to 1.25 inches ; s 0.92 to 1 inch. Walker (Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 781) gives North America as the locality from which a number of his specimens were obtained. It is a European s^^ecies, and I therefore consider it doubtful whether he is correct, 211 but would rather suppose he is mistaken as to the locality of his specimens, or in identification. But that this may be tested hereafter, I have added a description of the species from Serville. TO]fI©]¥OTlfS, Sauss- I give here Saussure's generic description, that his divisions may be better understood. Body compressed. Antennse dilated or filiform. Head vertical ; vertex horizontally produced, trigonal in front ; plane of the foveola elevated, emar- ginate, frequently transversely sulcate ; front elevated ; face much compressed, prismatic; lateral carinee antrorsely arcuate, produced to the clypeus; costa very prominent, its sides vertical, obliquely truncate. Pronotum in front and behind angulate, cristate ; no lateral carinse in front, acute on the posterior part. Elytra full size. Posterior femora compressed, dilated. Much like the genus Tropeonotus {Tropinotus, Serv.), but differs in the head, being ver- tical ; femora dilated and the prosternum unarmed. Somewhat similar to Pachytylus, Init the fronto-vertical angle is straight, and differs also in the foveolse of the vertex and the prominent facial costa being narrow above. {OEdipoda sulphurea, Burm., agrees accurately with this genus.) Division 1. — Fastigium of the vertex not detlexed, sometimes sub-ascend- ing, terminating in a V-form trigonal angle, margins acutely elevated (head like Tropeonotus) : a. AutenntE slender, T. sulphureus, Burm. b. Antenn£e flattened, T. zimmermanni, Sauss. Division 2. — Apex of the vertex flat, furnished with a more or less dis- tinct foveola, sub-deflexed, truncate : a. Face much elongated, prismatic; costa straight; lateral foveolse of the vertex conspicuous; dorsal carina elevated into a strong crest (pronotum like Tropeonotus). T. niexicaiius, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 321. Fuscous or bay, granulose-scabrous, and punctato-pilose. Foveola of the vertex not deflexed, rugose ; the margins carinated ; of the female broad, sub-pyriform, flat ; of the male excavated, narrower, tri-lobed ; median lobe elongate, reaching to the frontal costa ; lateral foveolse very distinct. Face somewhat deflexed, prismatic ; the costa very prominent, coarsely punctate. flat, silicate below the ocellus. Pronotiim compressed, anteriorly and poste- riorly acute-angled ; carina much elevated, cristate, arcuate, produced, and slightly parted by the sulcus a little in front of the middle. Antennae flat- tened, dilate, acuminate. Elytra longer than the abdomen, grayish, each with fuscous points sprinkled over it, and two fascia of the same color ; apex ob- liquely truncate, with a pellucid spot. Posterior femora mucli inflated, inflated below, only cristate above, the crest abbreviated ; posterior tibiae fasciate, with fuscous and testaceous. Length of body, 1.08 inches. Mexico temperata (Saussure). b. Head somewhat rounded ; face arcuate; fastigium rounded ; face com- pressed (approaches Pachytyhis) : T. nietauus Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 321. Fuscous-gray, or a brownish-fuscous, tesselated with blackish. Body much compressed. Vertex narrow, rugose, carinate through its whole length, trigonal, and projecting in front; foveola scarcely deflexed, flat, sub-pyriform ; margins elevated, partitioned by a profound, transverse sulcus. Face per- pendicular, strongly quadricarinate, and punctate ; costa elevated, sub-sulcate, narrow, and tricarinate above ; lateral foveolge conspicuous, flat, quadrate, car- inated in the middle ; eyes flattened. Pronotum flat and granulated above, sub-excavated and somewhat rugose; carina cristate, equal throughout, divided into two parts by the posterior sulcus a little in front of the middle ; lateral carinas acute. Elytra slightly passing the abdomen, sparsely punctate. Wings scarlet; margin and a sub-costal fascia fuscous. Tibiae pale-red. Length, 1.2 inches. Mexico (Saussure). Division 3. — Antennte crassate; head convex, as in Stejwhotlirus, arcuate; pronotum strongly carinated longitudinally : T. otomituf^, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 322. Male. — Small, fuscous or bay. Head convex ; face deflexed, arcuate, quadricarinate ; vertex convex, carinated, advanced in front of the eyes in an acute rostrum, but only slightly deflexed, with a deep, narrow foveola, cari- nate-margined ; apex acuminate; lateral foveoise distinct, short, triangulai 213 AntennfB elongate, filiform, crassate, flattened, and somewhat enlarged near the apex. Pronotum narrow and flat above, tricarinate ; median carina snb- elevated, distinctly severed by the posterior sulcus before the middle ; even the lateral cariujB are cut by the posterior sulcus. Posterior femora rather broad, not slender behind the middle. Elytra bay ; apex pellucid, trifasciate, with fuscous. Wings pellucid ; nerves black ; veinlets scalariform, trans- versely reticulate ; an elongate, black stigma on the anterior border. Length, 0.74 inch. Mexico (Saussure). CEDSPODA, L.atr. Sub-genus I. — SjMngonotus, Fieb. . bicolor, Charp., Orthop., Tab. 52. Yellow, with black markings, and greenish elytra. The head, pronotum, legs, and abdomen orange-yellow, marked with l)lack and brown, as follows : Antennal foveolse, a stripe on the cheeks, and two spots on the occiput dark-brown. A black line on the anterior margin of each side of the pronotum ; the transverse furrows dark-brown ; the disk is more or less marked with brown ; the slight median carina on the poste- rior lobe yellow. Each abdominal segment has a sm.all, brown spot each side of the base. The posterior femora with alternate pimife of yellow and dark-brown ; they are equal in length to the abdomen in the female, a little longer proportionally in the male. The elytra not quite half the length of the abdomen, oblong-ovate, of a greenish olive-color ; veins prominent, yel- lowish ; the cells blackish ; they do not meet on the back. 3 Length, 1 inch. 2 Length, 1.2 inches. Mexico (Charpentier). Remai-k. — I have seen no specimen of this species, my generic and specific descriptions being made up from Charpentier's description and figures I think it probable it should be placed in Pezotettix, {PocUsma), unless all the species of that genus which have a cylindrical pronotum are separated into a distinct genus. PIEPEDETES, Naiiss. Antennse elongate, flattened. Plead vertical, convex ; vertex not ros- trate;' front deflexed ; face bi-carinate; a vertical sulcus under the eyes; 221 eyes distant, convex. Pronotum scarcely produced i)osteriorly ; transverse furrows large and very deep, the posterior one situated considerably behind the middle; posterior part flat above, carinate; anterior part cylindrical above. Anal appendages of the female short, stout; sub-anal plate of the male infun- dibuliform, acuminate. Posterior femora compressed, short, with margins cristato-carinate. Elytra very short. Closely allied to Onwiatolampis, but differs from that genus in having the vertex not rostrate, head and eyes convex. Remark. — In my introduction I have placed this and the following genus after Caloptenus; but further examination of Saussure's descriptions appeal's to indicate this as their proper position. (Thomas.) P. corallinus, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1«61), 158. Medium size, somewhat graceful. Body black. Vertex with a trans- verse sulcus or two punctate impressions between the eyes. Posterior part of the pronotum densely punctate ; posterior angle veiy obtuse, in the male sub-emarginate. Posterior femora half as long as the body, moderately dilated, but not narrowed at the apex, bi-fasciate, with scarlet. Elytra very short, crossing the first abdominal segment, reticulate, with olivaceous. Head and pronotum with an arcuate, scarlet fascia above, and various scarlet spots. Length of body, 1.67 inches. Mexico temperata (Saussure). PEDIE«§i, i^auss. Presternum furnished with a, wedge-shaped, compressed spine. Head convex ; face strongly deflexed and convex ; frontal costa smooth, compressed, sub-bicarinate ; cheeks convex ; top of the head conoid-arcuate ; vertex de- flexed, without foveolae ; eyes scarcely convex, broad, short. Pronotum tri- carinate above ; front and apex truncate, emarginate. Legs short. Abdo- men acuminate at the apex ; cerci of the male arcuate, obtuse at the apex. Elytra rudimentary. This genus may possibly form but a sub-genus of Pcepedetes. P. Tirescens, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 157. Of an obscure-green. First and second tibiae and femora yellow beneath. Abdomen of the male yellow beneath. Posterior femora green exteriorly, 222 yellow beneath, and red interiorly. Anus of the male above and posterior tibiae red. Facial carina; of the cheeks distinct. Posterior area of the pro- notum punctate ; sides and carinse smooth, shining ; the posterior sulcus only cuts the dorsal carina. Sub-anal plate of the male acute ; supra-arial lamina trigonal, bi-carinate. Elytra not passing the first abdominal segment. Length, 1 inch. Mexico (Saussure). FEKOTETTIX, Burm. Division 1 (Sauss). — Body short, robust. Face slightly deflexed. Eyes large, rather short. Pronotum coarctate in front, short ; lateral carinee, and sometimes even the middle one, evanescent. Antennae short. Abdomen of the male convex beneath ; cerci very short. {Pezotettix proprie dicta.) 1. Wings and elytra more or less obliterated. P. septentrionalis, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. ZooL, XIII (1861), 159. Fuscous-red; punctate. Foveola of the vertex small, deflexed; eyes large, elongate, acuminate above and below ; anterior margin truncate. Pro- notum carinate, interrupted in the middle by the posterior sulcus ; lateral margins acute (?); posterior margin obtuse-angled. Elytra shorter than the abdomen ; front margin dilated near the base ; apex attenuate, fuscous, tinged with roseate. Wings pellucid, sub-roseate. Posterior femora with two yellow fasciae; in the female shorter than the abdomen. Tibiae red; spines black. Length, 1.12 inches. Labrador (Saussui-e). 2. Wings and elytra complete; equal to or longer than the abdomen. P. mexicaiia, Sauss., Rev. et Mag Zool., XIII (1861), 160. Of small size, fuscous and gray. Prosternal spine conoid, acuminate. Occiput convex ; eyes large, broad ; anterior margin straight ; foveola of the vertex ovate, deflexed, with raised margins. Pronotum flat above, carinate throughout ; carina interrupted only by the posterior sulcus ; posterior por- tion of the sides punctate ; anterior portion polished, with a fuscous spot running nearly to the eye. Elytra a little longer than the abdomen, gray and fuscous, a row of fuscous dots along the disk. Wings hyaline, l:)luish at the 223 base. Sides of" the body and posterior femora with two yellow fasciae. Pos- terior femora beneath, tibiie, and tarsi red ; tibial spines black at the apex. Pronotum of the male less distinctly carinate. Posterior tibiae of both sexes sometimes blue. Length of the body, 1 inch. Mexico temperata (Saussure). Division 2. — Body slender, elongate. Antennae very long. Lateral carinae of the pronotum distinct only on the anterior portion. Foveola of the vertex slightly deflexed. Abdomen of the male at the end very much in- flated ; apex recurved ; sub-anal lamina very broad and very convex ; cerci lamelliform. . Elytra passing the abdomen."^ 1. Body compressed. Face deflexed. The posterior sulcus of the prono- tum situated behind the middle. P. suinichrai^ti, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 160. Of medium size, obscure olive-color. Frontal costa bi-carinate ; foveola of the vertex narrow ; margins raised. Pronotum elongate, compressed ; margins acute, carinate throughout, punctate ; sides fuscous above, with a brassy luster ; carinae interrupted by three profound, transverse furrows, the posterior one situated behind the middle. The anterior and middle femora much swollen. Antennae very long, yellow, obscure at the apex. Elytra gray. Wings greenish at the base. Posterior femora with a horizontal, yellow fascia. Tibiae below the middle red; above the middle black, with a yellow ring; spines black. Tarsi obscure ; pulvilli black. Length of the body, 1.08 inches; antennae, 0.67 inch. Mexico (Saussure). PtATYPHYMA, Fisch. 1. Pronotum xvith the hind border truncate ; wings abbreviated. 2. Pronotum loith the hind border ungulate ; elytra full size, equal to or longer than the abdomen. (Saussure.) P. aztecuiu, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII, 161. About equal in size to P. mexicana, and very similar to it, yet different. * This divisiou of Saussure appears to me to belong more properly to Caloptenus than to Pczoietth: As he expands Fischer's generic distinctions, it is impossible to say what are bis boundaries for this genus. 224 Prosternal spine enlarged at the apex, transversely compressed, lamelliform. Frontal costa flat, punctured, not sulcate. Foveola of the vertex scarcely dis- tinct ; margins somewhat elevated or carined ; and occiput sub-carinate. Pronotum flat above, everyw^here punctate, without any white, glabrous spot on the side ; posterior margin yellow, with black points. On each side of the thorax there are two oblique, yellow stripes. Tibiae blue, yellow at the base, spotted with black. Sub-anal lamina of the male not eniarginate. Length, 0.75 inch. Mexico temperata (Saussure). P. uiexieana, Brunn., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ver. "Wien, XI, 224. Female. — Fuscous-brown. Carinse of the face obtuse. Pronotum eniar- ginate posteriorly ; the three carinse distinct ; the third transverse sulcus situated a little behind the middle ; a median, indistinct, yellow spot on the sides. Posterior femora beneath and posterior tibise red. Length, 1 inch ; elytra, 0.2 inch ; hind femora, 0.48 inch. Mexico (Brunner de.Wattenwyl). OMMATOLAMPIS, Bni-iu. 1. Thorax selliform, more or'less excavated; body slender. Elytra as long as the abdomen ; male abdomen armed with a forceps. {Proctolahrus), (Sauss.) O. luexicana, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XI, 393. Male. — Obscure olive-color. Face spotted with testaceous; pronotum with a longitudinal testaceous stripe ; meso- and meta-notum with white spots on the sides. Posterior femora with a white interruption on the upper mar- gin. Abdomen crimson, varied with black. Elytra as long as the abdomen, reddish-green ; wings roseate. Length, 1.15 inches. Toluca, Mexico (Saussure). CAI.,OPTE]VUS, Btiriu. C. fasciatiis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 680. Syn., Acridium fasciatum, Barnston, MSS. Male and female. — Piceous, moderately stout, tawny beneath. Head and pronotum with two broad )>lackish stripes ; exterior part tawny. Head short, 225 smooth ; tip of the vertex depressed, fusiform ; front tawny, thinly punctured, with four well-defined keels; inner keels parallel; outer keels diverging toward the face. Eyes livid, much rounded on the hind side. Antennre tawny, piceous toward the tips ; longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum very finely scabrous, slightly widening hindward ; disk nearly flat, with three slight keels; transverse-impressed lines distinct; fore border straight; sides slightly rounded; hind border more rounded. Prosternal spine conical, thick, broader, and more obtuse in the female than in the male. Legs tawny ; hind femora as long as the abdomen, with three irregular piceous bands, red beneath ; hind tibiae red, shorter than the hind femora ; spines black ; hind tarsi red. Elytra tawny, shorter than the abdomen, with some small indistinct piceous spots ; veins piceous. Wings pellucid-cinereous ; veins whitish, black along the costa and toward the tips. In the male, the pronotum has a testaceous oblique streak on each side in front. Length of body, 0.75 to 0.93 inch; expansion of elytra, 0.83 to 1.17 inches. Saint Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay (Walker). C exfreiMiis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 681. Female. — Tawny, moderately stout, testaceous beneath. Head and pro- notum with a broad, blackish stripe on each side. Head short, smooth ; tip of the vertex depressed, elliptical ; front (face) thinly punctured, with four well- defined keels; inner keels parallel; outer keels diverging toward the face. Eyes very much rounded on the hind side. Antennae piceous at the tips, Pronotum very finely scabrous, slightly widening hindward ; disk nearly flat, with three slight keels ; transverse-impressed lines well defined ; fore border nearly straight; sides slightly rounded; hind border more rounded. Pro- sternal spine whitish, stout, conical, shghtly transverse. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, with two irregular, piceous bands ; hind tibise testaceous, shorter than the hind femora, their spines black toward the tips. Elytra cinereous, a little .shorter than the abdomen ; veins ferruginous. Wings pale-cinereous ; veins black, white toward the base and along the anterior border. Length of body, 0.83 inch ; expansion of elytra, 1.25 inches. Arctic America (Walker). 29 A 226 C. arcticus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 681. Female. — Tavviiy, slender, testaceous beneath. Head and pronotum with a broad, black stripe on each side. Head short, smooth ; tip of the vertex depressed, sub-elliptical ; front punctured, with four distinct keels ; inner keels parallel ; outer keels diverging toward the face. Eyes sub-ellip- tical, much rounded on the hind side. Pronotum short, very finely scabrous, the stripe on each side extending to the fourth* transverse line ; disk flat, with three slight keels ; transverse-impressed lines well defined ; fore border nearly straight ; sides slightly rounded ; hind border much rounded. Pro- sternal spine conical, rather long, much broader than thick. Hind femora as long as the abdomen ; hind tibia3 rather shorter than the hind femora, their spines tipped with black. Elytra and wings cinereous, nearly as long as the body. Elytra with tawny veins. Wings with black veins. Length of body, 0.87 inch; expansion of elytra, 1.67 inches. Arctic America (Walker). C. selectus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 682. Female. — Tawny, slender. Head and pronotum with a blackish stripe on each side. Head smooth, slightly elongate ; vertex with a broad, blackish stripe; tip depressed, elliptical; front with four keels, which are less distinct toward the face ; iimer keels nearly parallel ; outer keels diverging slightly. Eyes sul:)-elliptical, much rounded on the hind side. Antennas slender, pice- ous toward the tips. Pronotum very finely scabrous ; disk flat, with three distinct keels ; transverse lines well defined ; stripe on each side limited by the fourth line ; fore border nearly straight ; sides slightly rounded ; hind border slightly elongated, hardly angular. Prosternal spine stout, elongate- conical, rather long. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, partly tinged with green on the outer side, with three blackish patches above, bright-red beneath ; hind tibiaj glaucous-green, a little shorter than the hind femora, their spines black toward the tips. Elytra pale-cinereous, a little shorter than the body, with a row of black dots in the disk, and with a broad, interrupted, piceous stripe along the costa. Wings with black veins. Length of body, 0.84 inch ; expansion of elytra, 1.67 inches. Oajaca (Walker). * Walker counts the transverse incision, which is near the front margin, as one ; but t':iis is usually, when present, called the submarginal incision or sulcus. J 227 C. mexicanus, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 682. Male. — Greenish, slender, yellow beneath. Head smooth, slightly elon- gated ; verte.x with two curved, brown lines, which are approximate in front ; tip flat, fusiform ; front slightly oblique, with four slight keels ; inner keels nearly parallel ; outer keels diverging toward the face ; an oblique, brown ^ streak between each eye and the face. Eyes testaceous, straight in front, very much rounded on the hind side. Antennae piceous, tawny at the base. Pronotum very finely scabrous, partly brown ; disk flat, with three distinct keels ; transverse-impressed lines very slight ; fore border, sides, and hind border slightly rounded. Prosternal spine stout, conical, moderately long, about twice as broad as thick. Legs ferruginous, yellowish beneath ; hind femora as long as the abdomen ; hind tiliite much shorter than the hind femora, their spines with black tips. Length of body, 0.75 inch. Orizaba, Mexico (Walker). Remark (Walker). — Wings of the specimen described are rudimentary, it not being fully developed. C. borealis, Fieb., Verhandl. zool.-bot. Vereins Wien, XI, 1861, 22.3. Female. — Olivaceous-red ; a black vitta running from the eyes to the third transverse sulcus of the pronotum. Pronotum has the posterior ex- tremity somewhat produced and angulate, convex in front of the third sulcus; lateral carinee conspicuous on the posterior portion. Elytra and wings fus- cous, a little shorter than the abdomen. Posterior femora yellow internally, marked with two black -vittse; laminse of the knees black; lower channel red ; base and apex yellow. Tibise red. Length of body, 0.97 inch; elytra, 0.67 inch; pronotum, 0.20 inch; posterior femora, 0.52 inch. Labrador (Fieber). CAL.ACRIS, Walker. Body slender, nearly cylindrical. Head and prothorax with a slight keel. Head smooth ; tip of the vertex depressed, widening toward the antennfe ; space between the eyes narrow ; front with four distinct keels nearly parallel, slightly approximating in the middle; outer keels slightly diverging toward the face. Eyes elliptical, rather prominent. Antennae filiform, long, slender. 228 Prothorax scabrous, slightly widening hindvvard; transverse-impressed lines strongly marked ; borders slightly rounded. Prosternal spine long, slender, acute. Hind femora longer than the abdomen ; hind tibise rather shorter than the hind femora. Elytra a little shorter than the body. C. inulica, Walk. Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 641. Male. — Black. Head thinly punctured ; tip of the vertex flat, hexagonal, with a green stripe ; front with an oblique green streak on each side, pro- ceeding from the socket of the antenna; four slight keels; inner keels con- verging slightly toward the face ; outer keels slightly diverging ; clypeus green. Eyes tawny, elliptical, oblique, prominent. Antennae black, slender, much longer than the head and prothorax together, green at the base. Pro- thorax short, thickly punctured, slightly widening hindward ; hind part green, with a red longitudinal streak on each side ; keel extremely slight; transverse- impressed "lines distinct; fore border and sides slightly rounded ; hind border more rounded. Prosteinial spine green, thick, rounded at the tip. Abdomen piceous. Legs dark-green, pilose; hind femora shorter than the abdomen; hind tibiae a little shorter than the hind femora; spines red, with black tips; hind tarsi red. Elytra reddish, a little shorter than the body, with a piceous costal streak and a pale testaceous streak near the hind border. Wings red, purplish toward the tips ; veins black, red toward the base and along the in- terior border. Length of body, 1.16 inches ; expansion of elyti-a, 1.92 inches. Mexico (Walker) ACRIDIUiTI, «eofi: A. inscriitttiin. Syn., Gyrtacanthacris inscripta, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 550, Female. — Tawny, rather slender. Head smooth, with two lines of black dots converging from the hind border to the hexagonal, depressed compart- ment in front of the eyes ; front almost perpendicular, with four keels, of which the outer pair diverge toward the face (comers), and the inner pair are almost parallel. Eyes oblique, elongate-oval. Antennae piceous, slender, filiform, tawny at the base. Pronotum minutely scabrous, with six black stripes, the inner pair much interrujited, the two outer pair much abbrevi- ated; dorsal ridge slight, most distinct toward the hind border; four trans- 229 • verse lines, the front (submarginal) one interrupted in the middle ; the breadth increasing backward from the posterior line ; sides almost straight ; hind border slightly conical. Prosternal spine lanceolate, slightly curved, extending to the fore border of the mesosternum. Abdomen slightly compressed and ridged ; supra-anal lamina short; cerci and sub-genital lamina with black tips, the former curved upward, the latter curved downward. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, with black points on both sides, and with two black streaks on the inner side; first streak very broad, second very small. Hind tibiee as long as the hind femora. Spines with black tips, those on the inner margin longer than those on the outer. Elytra cinereous, rather longer than the wings ; veins testaceous ; a discoidal, interrupted stripe, emitting four broad branches in front, formed by blackish veins, and most apparent toward the base, the areolets being there smaller ; two dots in the interrupted part of the stripe and some sub-costal dots also formed by blackish veins. Wings pale-cinereous, brownish about the tips ; veins black, whitish at the base. Length of the body, 1.5 inches ; expansion of elytra, 3.1 inches. Jamaica (Walker). Walker adds : " The shorter tibise of this species and C. suh-spurcafa distinguish them from C. americanum.^' I have given his lengthy description of this species, but must confess that it contains but few distinguishing characters. A. pectorali§. Syn., Gyrtacanthacris peetoralis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 551. Female. — Testaceous, slender. Head smooth, with two slender black stripes, which are abbreviated toward the mouth ; vertex convex, depressed in front of the eyes and with six angles, of which the four anterior are rounded; front obhque, thinly and minutely punctured, with four slight keels, the inner keels diverging a little toward the face (corners), the outer bordered with black ; two blackish stripes proceeding obliquely from the eyes to the mouth. Eyes red, fusiform, obhque. Antennae yellow, slender, filiform, luteous toward the tips. Pronotum finely scabrous, with two broad ferruginous stripes, which include some black pustules ; dorsal keel very slight ; four transverse-impressed lines, the front one widely interrupted in the middle j front border rounded; hind border much rounded. Prosternal spine pale- 230 yellowish, elongate-conical, very slightly curved, extending to the meso- sternum, which is piceous. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, with three rows of black points above. Ilind tibia? as long as the hind femora; spines white, with black tips, those of the inner row longer than those of the outer row. Elytra pale-cinereous, rather longer than the wings ; veins white, here and there black, and thus forming a discoidal stripe, which is com- posed of streaks and patches. Wings pellucid, longer than the abdomen ; veins white, black toward the tips. Length of body, 2 inches; expansion of the elytra, 4.1 inches. San Domingo (Walker). A. coiacolor. Syn., Cyrtacanthacris concolor, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 610. Female. — Tawny, rather slender. Head short, smooth ; tip of the vertex flat, sub-hexagonal; front thickly punctured; the four keels well defined, diverging toward (the corners of) the face. Eyes elongate-elliptical. Antennae slender, cylindrical. Pronotum finely scabrous, reddish toward the hind border, with a slight keel, and with four well-defined transverse lines ; fore border and sides slightly rounded; hind border elongated, angular. Prosternal spine thick, oblique, rounded at the tip, extending to the meso-sternum. Hind femora as long as the abdomen ; hind tibia? red, rather shorter than the hind femora ; spines pale-yellow with black tips. Elytra and wings cinereous, as long as the body ; the veins of the elytra tawny red toward the base. Length of the body 2 inches ; expansion of the elytra, 4.3 inches. Mexico (Walker). A. siiieulati'ix. Syn., Cyrtacanthacris simulatrix, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 010. Alale. — Tawny, slender. Head and pronotum with two slender inter- rupted black stripes. Head smooth ; , fore part of the vertex depressed, hexa- gonal ; front largely punctured, with four well-defined keels, which diverge slightly toward the face. Eyes ferruginous, elliptical. Pronotum finely scabrous, with a slight keel, and with two much-abbreviated black stripes in addition to the inner pair before mentioned ; keel not rounded, interrupted by the transverse-impressed lines, which are distinctly marked ; frcfnt border and sides' slightly rounded ; hind border mucli rounded. Prosternal spine oblirpir. i 231 rather slender, slightly bent, extending nearly to the front border of the meso- sternura. Hind femora as long as the abdomen; hind tibiae red, a little shorter than the hind femora ; spines whitish, with black tips. Elytra pel- lucid (?), as long as the body ; markings blackish ; a row of dots along the costa ; some large patches in the disk and some spots toward the tips ; veins whitish, black in the markings. Wings pellucid; veins black, tawny toward the base. Length of the body. 1.33 inches ; expansion of elytra, 2.95 inches. Saint Domingo (Walker). A., divea'siferuiu. Syn., Cyrtacanthacris divcrsifera, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 611. Female. — Testaceous, rather stout. Head red, smooth, paler in front; fore part of the vertex depressed, elongate-quadrate; front thinly punctured, with four distinct keels ; inner keels very slightly converging from the mid- dle to each end; outer pair diverging toward the face. Eyes piceous, irregu- larly oval, tessellated with testaceous. Pronotum finely scabrous, red between the fore border and the fourth transverse-impressed line, with a slight keel, which is slightly interrupted by the distinct transverse-impressed lines; keel not rounded ; three black spots forming a short stripe on each side ; fore border hardly roundecl ; sides slightly rounded ; hind border much rounded. Prosternal spine stout, curved, oblique, extending to the fore border of the meso-sternum, which has a blackish spot on each side. Borders of the pec- toral segments black. Abdomen with various black marks. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, with angular black bands, and with lower black spots on the outer side ; hind tibise rather shorter than the hind femora, their spines black. Elytra cinereous, shorter than the body; veins tawny, reddish toward the base. Wings pale-cinereous; veins black. Length, 1.56 inches; expansion of elytra, 2.83 inches. North America (Walker). Mr. Walker, from whom the preceding descriptions of species of Acri- dium have been copied, remarks that the last species, like Cyrt. munda, repre- sents a transition from the Acrldlum ty|ie to the Caloptenus type. The anterior vertex is between a hexagonal and an elliptical form, and the upper part of the front is not excavated. 232 A. ciJbense, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. ZooL, XIII (1861), 163. Closely allied to A. Jlavo-fasciatum, but a little smaller. Prosternal point acuminate, oblique, bent backward nearly to the meso-sternum. Cuba (SaOssure). A. toltecum, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 163. Slender, grayish-brown, a pale oblique fascia on the sides. Antennae of medium length, yellow, obscure- at the apex. Elytra with numerous gray spots ; wings hyaline, somewhat greenish at the base. Posterior femora fuscous, a longitudinal yellow fascia on the outside ; ferruginous above. Pos- terior tibiae yellowish ; spines black. Body much compressed ; the face form- ing an angle with the vertex. Eyes ovate, sub-elongate, almost contiguous at the vertex. Fastigium of the vertex without any foveola ; an elevated line in front, broken, passing to the margin. Pronotum much narrower than the head, very slenderly carinated ; punctate margins not acute; four brassy spots on the upper portion of the sides ; posterior impressed lines situated in the middle. Prosternal point spiniform. Sub-anal plate canaliculate at the base; the pre-anal segment produced at the apex, not emarginate. Length, 0.'J6 inch ; antennae, 0.3 inch. Mexico temperata (Saussure). The last two species are placed by Saussure under the following division and subdivision of this genus : Division II. — Prosternal point straight or oblique. Pronotum in the an- terior portion volutiform or tectiform ; the posterior part more or less flattened above ; cariiiate the entire length. Eyes elongate. Subdivision 1. — Pronotum before the middle slightly constricted, behind the middle moderately dilated ; carina slender. Elytra longer than the abdomen. A. piceifrons, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 578. Male. — Luteous. Head and pronotum with two ferruginous black- bordered stripes. Head smooth ; front of the vertex depressed, sub-hexag- onal ; a blackish lanceolate streak extending from each eye to the mouth ; front and face mostly piceous, thinly punctured; front with four well-defined keels, the inner pair most approximate in the middle, the outer pair diverging toward the face. Eyes elliptical. Prothorax finely scabrous, with an ex- 233 tremely slight dorsal keel and with the four usual transverse-impressed lines; a large blackish patch on each side, including an irregular spot of the ground hue ; fore border and sides slightly rounded ; hind border elongated, rounded. Prosternal spine pale-yellow, rather slender. Legs red. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, longer than the hind tibia3 ; spines of the latter white, with black tips. Elytra cinereous, longer than the body, with many darker black-veined spots ; veins elsewhere whitish. Wings pale-ciuereous ; veins black. Length of body, 1.83 inches ; expansion of elytra, 4 inches. Orizaba (Walker). •A. vitticeps, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 579. Female. — Tawny. Head smooth ; vertex with a broad, pale-yellow stripe, its fore part depressed and hexagonal ; front with four well-detiiied keels, which diverge toward the face, the inner pair partly black. Eyes elongate- elliptical. Prothorax scabrous, with a slight dorsal keel, with transverse-im- pressed lines, with an incomplete pale-yellow stripe, which is most apparent near the fore border, and with some yellow marks on each side ; some slight indications of black stripes ; fore border slightly rounded ; sides nearly straight ; hind border slightly rounded. Prosternal spine moderately stout, rather long. Hind femora a little shorter than the abdomen, longer than the hind tibise, with some black marks. Hind tibias red; spines white, with black tips. Elytra cinereous, almost as long as the body, with many indistinct spots, which are formed by brownish veins. Wings pale-cinereous; veins black, pale toward the base and toward the interior border. Length of the body, 1.92 inches ; expansion of elytra, 3.83 inches. Oajaca (Walker). A. scutellare, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 579. Female. — Testaceous, rather slender. Head smooth ; front of the vertex depressed, hexagonal; front punctured, with four strongly-marked keels slightly divergent. Eyes fusiform. Pronotum scabrous, with a slight dorsal keel, and with the usual four impressed transverse lines ; hind part red ; front and sides shghtly rounded; hind border ^niuch elongated, hardly rugulose. Prosternal spine stout, slightly oblique. Hind femora a little longer than the abdomen, and than tlie tibia) ; hind tibiae and hind tarsi red ; spines black at 30 A 234 the tips. Elytra rather longer than the body, with several indistinct dots, which are formed by the brown-clouded, transverse sectors ; veins elsewhere reddish or testaceous. Wings pellucid ; veins testaceous. Length of body, 1.75 inches; expansion of elytra, 3.75 inches. Mexico (Walker). A. vicaritim, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 580. Female. — Testaceous, rather slender. Head smooth, with two yellow streaks each side between the eye and mouth ; front of the vertex flat, hexa- gonal ; front punctured, with four keels, the inner pair most approximate in the middle, the outer pair diverging toward the face. Eyes fusiform. An- tennae tawny. Pronotum finely scabrous, hardly keeled, with the usual four transverse-impressed lines ; fore border and sides very slightly rounded ; hind border elongated, much rounded ; disk partly reddish ; a pale-brownish patch on each side, including a yellow streak. Prosternal spine whitish, rather slender. Hind femora shorter than the abdomen, longer than the hind tibiae ; sjnnes of the latter whitish, with black tips. Elytra cinereous, longer tlian the body, with numerous cinereous, black-veined spots ; veins elsewhere l)ale. Wings pellucid ; veins black, pale toward the base. Length of body, L75 to 1.9 inches; expansion of elytra, 4 to 4.2 inches. Orizaba (Walker). . Var. /?. — Head with a ferruginous, lanceolate streak from each eye to the mouth. Pronotum with four piceous, slender, parallel, abbreviated lines. Oajaca (Walker). A. streniiin. Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 580. Female. — Testaceous, rather stout. Head smooth ; front of the vertex flat, hexagonal ; front with four well-defined keels, the inner pair hardly diverging, the outer pair much diverging toward the face. Eyes tawny, elongate-elliptical. Antennae tawny. Pronotum finely scabrous, with a dis- tinct dorsal keel, and with transverse-impressed lines ; fore border slightly rounded ; sides nearly straight ; hind border rounded. Prosternal spine stout. Hind femora stout, as long as the abdomen, a little longer than the hind tibiae, the latter reddish ; spines black at tlie tips. Elytra cinereous, very nearly as long as the body ; veins tawny. Wings pellucid ; veins black, pale toward the base and toward the interior border. 235 Length of body, 1.92 inches; expansion of elytra, 4 inches. Oajaca (Walkci-). The dorsal i-idge of this species is higher than that of A. scutellare, and is notched by the transverse-impressed lines. A. varipes, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 581. Female. — Tawny. Head smooth; vertex v^^ith a brown, oblique streak on each side, front part hexagonal ; front with four well-defined keels, the inner pair parallel, the outer pair slightly diverging. Eyes piceous, elongate- elliptical. Pronotum scabrous, with three paler, abbreviated stripes, with a slight dorsal keel, and with the usual transverse-impressed lines ; front border slightly rounded ; sides nearly straight ; hind border rounded. Prosternal spine testaceous, stout, straight, slightly oblique. Hind femora with some black marks on each side, as long as the abdomen, a little longer than the hind tibise. Hind tibias reddish ; spines whitish, with black tips. Elytra a little shorter than the body, pellucid, with several sub-costal dots and dis- coidal spots or incomplete bands, which are distinguished by black veins; veins elsewhere pale-testaceous. Wings pellucid ; veins black. Length of body, 1.96 inches; expansion of elytra, 3.67 inches. San Domingo (Walker). A. iMi'idesceiis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 583. Male and female. — Tawny. Head smooth, with two iiTcgular, black stripes ; fore part of the vertex flat, hexagonal ; front j^unctured, mostly black, with four keels, the inner pair hardly diverging, the outer pair slightly diverg- ing. Eyes livid, fusiform. Antennae piceous. Pronotum scabrous, with a very slight dorsal keel, and with, the usual four transverse-impressed lines; fore border rounded ; sides slightly rounded ; hind border hardly angular. Prosternal spine stout, straight, hardly oblique. Hind femora with very indistinct, blackish lines, as long as the abdomen, longer than the tibiaj. Spines of the tibiae white, with black tips. Elytra cinereous, almost as long as the body, with numerous spots, which are formed by black veins, and which are very slight toward the tips ; veins elsewhere pale. Wings lurid ; veins black, tawny toward the base. Length of body, 1.41 -to 2.25 inches; expansion of elytra, 3.16 to 4.5 inches. Honduras (Walker). 236 A. proprinin, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 621. Male. — Ferruginoug, slender, testaceous beneath. Head and pronotum with a testaceous stripe, which is broadest and blackish-bordered on the head, and there extends to the tip of the vertex. Head smooth ; tip of the vertex flat, hexagonal ; front thinly punctured, with four strongly-marked keels, which diverge slightly toward the face. Eyes lurid, elliptical. Antennas testaceous. Pronotum finely scabrous, slightly widening hindward; keel very slight, interrupted by the distinct, transverse-impressed lines ; fore border and sides slightly rounded ; hind border slightly elongated and angu- lar. Prosternal spine slender and slightly acute. Abdomen whitish-testa- ceous, with a narrow, ferruginous band on the hind border of each segment. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, with whitish, angular bands on each side ; hind tibiae a little shorter than the hind femora, their spines white, with black tips. Elytra cinereous, as long as the body ; veins ferruginous. Wings pellucid, pale-yellow toward the base and along the interior border. Length of body, 1.2 to 1.25 inches; expansion of elytra, 2.67 to 2.83 inches. Oajaca (Walker). A. pantlicrinum, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV, 623. Luteous, slender. Head smooth ; tip of the vertex hexagonal, bordered with black; front with six well-defined black-dotted keels, the four inner keels diverging toward the face. Eyes testaceous, elliptical. Pronotum slightly scabrous, irregularly black-dotted, hardly wider hindward ; keel not apparent ; transverse-impressed lines well defined ; fore border and sides almost straight ; hind border much rounded. Prosternal spine slender, acute. Legs pale-green. Femora luteous, black-dotted ; hind femora as long as the abdomen ; four anterior tibiae with black bands ; spines of the hind tibiae with black tips. Wings pellucid ; veins pale-green or pale-testaceous. Elytra a little shorter than the body. Length of body, 1.1 inches; expansion, 2 inches. Mexico (Walker). A. olivaceum, Serv., Hist. Orthop., QQQ. Female. — Head and body of an olive-brown, except the abdomen, which is smooth and shining. Head smooth, with a greenish-yellow longitudinal ray in the middle, reaching from the extreme front to the pronotum ; carinae 237 • of the face prominent. Pronotum shagreened, the transverse furrows shght; dorsal carina very feeble, covei'ed by a ray following suit to that of the head, and of the same color. Elytra straight, opaque at the base ; rest transparent, of a uniform olive-brown, bordered posteriorly by a yellowish band, largest at the base. Wings transparent, uncolored, tinged with clear greenish at the base ; nervules brownish. Dorsal plates of the abdomen of a clear shade posteriorly, frequently with spots of black in this part ; terminal pieces short. Legs of the color of the body ; the posterior femora having their external face between the two carinte whitish, intersected by pinnate green nerves, a black arc on the laminae of the knees, with the center part ocher-yellow. Posterior tibiee bluish above; spines whitish at base, black at the tips. Antennae greenish. Length, 2.5 inches (and 1.25 inches) (?). Cuba (ServiUe). Remark (ServiUe). — Two other females, marked as from North America hy Lati'eille, differ only in being not more than half the size of the one de- scribed. I am inchned to think this is but a variety of ^. alutaceum, Harr. (Thomas). LiOPHACISIS, Sctidd. Head large, full ; space between the eyes equal to or surpassing the shorter diameter of the eyes ; median frontal ridge broader than the length of the first joint of the antennae ; breadth of the labrum equal to the dis- tance from the edge of the clypeus to the upper limit of the median frontal ridge, or one and a half times the longer diameter of the eye, or broader than long ; lateral angles (carinas) of the front (face) not very distinct, barely divergent. Pronotum tapering but little, the anterior breadth being to the posterior as 1 to 1.13 ; angle of the posterior border a right angle ; median crest forming a regular curve from the front to the hind edge, but rather more prominent anteriorly ; prosternal spine stout, straight, blunt, rather short, and not compressed laterally. Elytra a httle more than four times as long as broad; costal edge narrow; outer border not so obliquely docked as in Tropida- cris and Titanacris ; secondary veins indistinct. Wings short and broad, im- maculate. Abdomen heavy ; terminal segment of the male somewhat pro- duced, broad, swollen beneath at the base ; much broader at the base than at the tip ; compressed on the apical half into a dull carina. Outer surface of the hind femora swoUen. 238 •I., velasqweaiii, Scucld., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 354. Syu., Acridium velasqnesii, Nieto, Eev. et Mag. Zool., 1857, 300.— Nouv. Orth. de Mex., 2. ol/ersii, Sanss., Rev. et Mag. Zool, XIII, 1G2.— Ortb. Nov. Amer., II, 13. Head small, green, strongly punctate ; thorax (pronotum) green, granu- late ; median carina cristate, much compressed, somewhat rufous. Elytra and wings narrower than in Acridium Jlavicorne (with which this has some- times been confounded); the former green, the latter translucent, roseate,. the external margin greenish. Abdomen compressed, slightly carinate, greenish- yellow. Legs greenish ; the postei'ior femora with two lines of white spots ; tiljise roseate above, greenish below. The pronotum is large, very rough ; the median carina, which is much more elevated than in A. jlavicorne, is arcuate, deeply lobed, that part in advance of the last transverse furrow hav- ing four distinct lobes ; that behind this furrow is serrated, but not lobed. The first ten joints of the antennae are a clear-green, rest pale-green. The denticulation of the crest of the pronotum rufous. .Elytra nearly of the same width throughout, green, with pale nerves. Disk of the wings roseate, with a violet tinge ; the nerves of the apical portion dark. The sternum punc- tured, greenish-yellow. The legs have the femora green, and the tibire. and tarsi rufous ; the spines of the posterior tibiae are greenish at the base, and black at the tips. Length, 70 to 75 millimeters (2.8 to 3 inches); expansion of elytra, 135 to 145 millimeters (5.4 to 5.8 inches). State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (Nieto). IHOIVAClIIDIlIilI, Serv. Face vertical, quadricarinate ; the middle pair approach each other only at the middle. Eyes large, oval. Palpi of ordinary form. Antennae filiform, slender, almost twice the length of head and thorax. Pronotum without transverse impressions ; posterior extremity triangular, sloped obliquely to the sides ; the apex sharp at the point, and a little advanced upon the elytra ; the central portion much elevated and compressed, the upper edge of the crest trenchant and arcuate, reaching to the extreme posterior point. Elytra ample, passing the abdomen, round at the apex. Wings ample, about as broad as long. Legs long and smooth ; spines of the posterior tibise small ; 239 terminal article oi the. tarsi longer than the other two united. Presternum armed with a slender spine. Abdomen long ; cerci short ; pieces of tlie ovipositor long and triangular ; sub-anal plate of the male triangular, termi- nating in a point. M. superbum, Stal, Ofv. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1855, p. 352. Feinale. — A dull testaceous-yellow. Head and antennae yellowish ; the first article of the antennas above and the three last articles of the palpi dark- fuscous. Vertex with a slender, longitudinal carina at the base ; front be- tween the antennae produced, the produced part sulcate ; each side below the antennje longitudinally carinated. Pronotum produced in the form of an obtuse angle in front, strongly cristate ; the crest strongly emarginate in the middle, so that two crests stand out, of which the anterior is twice slightly emarginate ; behind the middle each side is crenulato-carinate ; the posterior extremity extends upon the elytra. Elytra yellow, marked with a few black spots ; the apex bordered with black. Wings white and dusky in pale- roseate ; anterior and posterior margins bordered with fuscous ; the veins, except in the basal area, fuscous. The abdominal sutures black. Femora and tibiae more or less marked with black. Length, 2.5 inches; width, 0.55 inch. Honduras (Stal). XIPHOCERINI. RHOITIALiEA, Biirm. Section 1. — Pronotum carinated in front, ungulate : a. Posteriorly strongly cristate ; elytra short. b. Posteriorly carinated^ but equally elevated throughout : R. eques, Burm., Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XI (1859), 392. Grreen, testaceous, or somewhat fuscous. Pronotum punctate, strongly carinated (the front part of the carina in the female more elevated and arcu- ate, in the male equal). Thorax, abdomen, and legs varied with black. Elytra black, with numerous testaceous-green nerves ; as long as the abdo- men (frequently shorter in the female and longer in the male). Wings cochineal-red, with a black border, the median area, pellucid. Length, 1.6 to 2.4 inches. Mexico calida (Saussure) ; Honduras (Walker). 240 Section 2. — Pronotum rounded in front, e?narginate, posteriorly carinated : R. pedes, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. ZooL, XI (1859), 392. Grreen. Antennae black, yellow at the base. The vertex and front of the head with two yellow stripes. Pronotum with two spots, and the margins yellow. Legs banded with yellow. Elytra slender at the apex, and tessel- lated with black. Wings black ; posterior portion roseate ; margin black, and two roseate fasciae or spots at the apex. Length, 1.75 inches. Mexico calida (Saussure). I am of the opinion that this is the Locusta {Rutioderes) miles, Drury, 111. Exot. Ent., II, p. 89, PI. 42, Fig. 2 ; but not the Romalea miles, Burmeis- ter, which is a South American species. I therefore add the description of Drury, with the probable synonyms : Gryllus {Locusta) miles, Drury, 111. Nat. Hist., II, 79, PL 42, Fig. 2. Goeze, Ent. Beytr., II, 102. Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., I, iv, 2082. Locusta {Rutioderes) miles, Westw., Drury, 111. Exot. Ent., II, p. 89, PL 42, Fig. 2. " Head green. Face striped on each side with yellow. Antennae black. Thorax dark-green ; the posterior edges yellow. Abdomen black, but when the insect is living probably green. Tegmina (elytra) entirely reddish-brown. Wings black, with a scarlet patch near the tips, running from the anterior almost to the posterior edges ; another considerable part of the wings is like- wise scarlet, running from the body to the middle, and from thence to the abdominal corners, the posterior and anterior edges being black. Legs dark- green, almost black, and various-ly spotted with yellow, the fore and middle ones having a spot on each femur and tibia, the hinder ones having three on each femur and two on each tibia." The size, from the figure, appears to be about 1.75 inches in length ; the expansion of the wings is given at 3.75 inches. The elytra and wings as long as the abdomen. Antennae filiform. Bay of Honduras (Drury). R. pecticornis, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 538. Male and female. — Deep-green. Head minutely punctured, with two keels, which converge between the antennae, and are approximate and parallel 241 on the front. Eyes piceous, elliptical, prominent. Antennse liright-red or yellow, black at the base and toward the tips ; joints with black tips. Pro- thorax thickly punctured, with a distinct testaceous keel and a prolonged and testaceous hind border. Abdomen black; under side and pectus greenish. Hind tibiae with two equal rows of spines. Fore wings pale-green, with numerous black dots and points of various size. * Hind wings black, more or less bright-red toward' the interior border, this hue extending to a patch in the disk near the tip. Length of the body, 1,5 to 2 inches; expansion of the elytra, 3.1 to 3.25 inches. Most nearly allied to R. miles (Burm.), which may be distinguished from it by the spots on the prothorax. Mexico, Oajaca (Walker). R. aiiricornif^, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, 538. 3Iale and female. — Luteous. Head thinly punctured, occasionally with a brown patch on each side. Eyes piceous, elliptical, prominent. Antennae bright-yellow, black toward the tips, Prothorax (pronotum) thickly punc- tured, more or less tinged with brown on each side ; in structure like that of eques; the keel with three notches, of which the hinder one is broad and deep. Abdomen with two broad black bands, and with exterior black spots. Femora and tibife black on the inner side ; the four anterior with a row of black spots on the outer side ; hind femora with two rows of black spots on the outer side ; hind tibiae with black spines ; tarsi black toward the tips. Elytra with numerous black dots of various size ; extending nearly to the lip of the abdomen in the male, rather shorter in the female. Wings crimson, tessellated with black along the black border; a cinereous stripe in the disk. Length of the body, 1.5 to 1.83 inches; expansion of the elytra, 2.3 to 2.4 inches. Oajaca, Vera Cruz (Walker). XIPeOCERA, Biiriu. •Head, with the vertex advanced in the form of an obtuse cone ; vertex flat and triangular ; face vertical, middle costa single or double. Antennae long, setaceous, ensiform, consistin'g of 20 or more joints. Pronotum shagreened or rugose ; tour transverse-impressed lines more or less apparent ; the posterior 31 A 242 half usually triangular; sides sloped obliquely; apex pointed, advanced upon the elytra, tricarinate, more or less denticulate. Elytra usually longer than the abdomen ; wings same length. Sub-anal plate of the male large, convex, unicarinate in the middle, terminated in a point. The posterior legs long; femora but moderately swollen ; the posterior tibiae have the external row of spines much smaller than the internal row. The tarsi have the terminal joint as long or longer than the other two united. Prbsternum armed with a straight and sharp point. This genus has two divisions: Division 1. — The j}ronoiU7n with three distinct carincE^ denticulate, and the apex pointed a'nd advanced upon the elytra. Division 2. — Pronotum ivlthout apparent carincK ; apex not adr^anced upon the elytra. (Saussure). X. py^iura, Sauss, Rev. et Mag. Zool., XIII (1861), 156. Small, fuscous, much compressed. Face deflexed, quadricarinate; inter- mediate pair parallel, coarctate in the middle. Rostrum of the vertex sub- elongate, rounded at the tip, sub-bicarinate, and carinated on the margin. Antennee iiliform, prismatic, long as the head and pronotum. Eyes inflated, approaching at the vertex. Pi-onotum carinated, margins parallel, not acute, rugose; carinse thrice interrupted; posterior margin abbreviated, rounded. Elytra longer than the abdomen, rounded at the apex ; fuscous-brown, punc- tate, pale on the posterior margins; wings fuscous, yellowish at the base. Body fuscous, with a yellow fascia on the sides. Posterior femora fasciate; internal surface red ; tibiae red. Length of the body, 0.68 inch. Mexico (Saussure). X, iBiclaa-af a, Walk , Cat. Dermap. Salt., Ill, .523. Male. — Ferruginous, thinly pilose. Head and pronotum with two blackish stripes. Head in front of the eyes elongate-conical, slightly acute; under side slightly tuberculate, with two approximate keels. Eyes elongate- elliptical, transverse, prominent. Antenna piceous, flat, tapering, slightly dilated, longer than the pronotum. Thorax and hind iemora with black tubercles. Pronotum with an indistinct oblique keel on each side, and a slight crest ; crest yellow, with three notches, forked on the fore border ; hind border elongated and rounded. Prosternuni with an acute and erect spine. Hind iemora diintatc Ijeneath along the inner keel ; outer side with angular 243 transverse ridges. Hind tiliise with tawny black-tipped spines, those on the inner side twice longer than those on the outer side. Wings truncated at the tips. Elytra with a greenish-yellow stripe, tapering along the hind border from the base for half the length. Wings black, a little shorter than the elytra, with some luteous spots along the costa. Length of body, 1.2 to 2 inches ; expansion of clyt-a, 2.5 to 3.5 inches. Orizaba (Saussure). TETTIGINtE. TETTIX, Fflsch. ui'a§cen«!i, Serv., Ann. Sci. Nat, XXII, 291. Syn., Acridium imrpurascens^ Oliv., Enc. Meth., VI, 234. It is a little narrower and a little longer than Acrid, subulatum (5 lines). Antennae minute. Pronotum carinated, twice as long as the abdomen, and terminated in a point. Wings reach to the lip of the pronotum, and are tinged with purple. Island of Trinidad (Serville). BATRACHIDEA, Serv. B. tolteca. Syn., Tettix tolteca, Sauss., Eev. et Mag. Zool., XIII, 401. Small, robust, dark-gray, legs annulate. Vertex- narrow, truncate, cari- nate. • Pronotum terrose, granulose, sub-constricted in front; the furrows con- spicuous; anterior margin truncate, reaching or slightly passing the tip of the ab- domen; in the female sub-arcuate; in the male flat ; median carina sub-cristate, equal throughout, but in the male somewhat arcuate between the cross fur- rows ; the margins of the posterior process deflexed, narrow, broader in the male than in the female, obUquely truncate at the apex. Elytra distinct ; wings shorter than the pronotum. Length, 0.3 inch. Mexico calida (Saussure). €HORIPHYIiL,U]?I, Serv. Rho)]ihea, Felt.; Hymenotes, West. Body entirely hid by a membraneous expansion, elevated, foliaceous and very mu(;h compressed, which forms the pronotum, and extends beyontl the 245 head in advance, and passes the extremity ot" the abdomen in the rear, bear- ing a strong resemblance to some of the species of Homoptera. Apparently without elytra or wings. Legs short; the four anterior angular. Tarsi short; without pulvilli. The head very small, scarcely visible ; eyes prominent. Antennso small, filiform, of medium length. Prosternum not truncate, but advanced upon the mouth. C I'lioiubeniu, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., V, 845. Sjn., Bhombea cicada, Felt., Phil. Trans., LIV, 55, Fig. 6. Cicada rhomhea, Linn., Syst. Nat. I, 2, 704. Acridium compressum, Thunb., Nov. Act. Upsal., 1815, 162. (Hymenotes) rhombeu7)i, Haan, Verz. Gesch. Ned. lud. Bez. Ins., 165. Hymenotes rhomhea, West., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, 130. Choriphyllum sagrai, Serv., Hist. Ortbop., 755, PI. 8, Fig. 5. It is entirely of an earthy gray ; the foliaceous portion of the pronotum is elevated about four lines above the body; each lateral face presents some six or seven prominent transverse nerves, which are equally spaced ; this membrane is the color of a brown dead leaf, the first third transparent ; the rest opaque, its upper edge arcuate ; the part which borders the head ends in an acute point ; the posterior part, which passes the abdomen, is squarely truncate at its extremity. Antennae and feet of the color of the body. The posterior femora inflated ; the posterior tibiae spined. Length, 0.67 inch. Cuba (Serville). C. pla^iatum, Walk., Cat. Dermap. Salt., V, 845. Female. — Testaceous or dead-leaf color, wingless. Antennae very long and slender. Crest of the pronotum foliaceous, extending much beyond the head and the tip of the abdomen, adorned with various black spots of dif- ferent size and shape ; its edge slightly undulating, forming, a little behind the middle, a rounded angle. Legs slender; four anterior femora bidentate beneath ; hind tibiae with very short spines. Length of body, 0.46 inch. Jamaica (Walker). ADDENDA AND ERRATA. Since the first part of the foregoing work was in type, I have received the following works on Orthoptera : Skandinaviens. Rutvingade Insecters Natural-hisioria. By J. B. v. Borck. Lund., 1848. Orthoptera SvecicB ; deposita et descripta. By Joh. Wilh. Zetterstedt. Lundaj, 1821. ■ These contain some items in regard to the classification of Orthoptera which I deem of sufficient interest to be inserted here As they relate only to the Swedish Orthoptera, the Phasmidce and Mantidte, which are not rep- resented in the Scandinavian fauna, are omitted. Zetterstedt arranges the femilies as follows : Sec'iIon I. Hemelytra and wings horizontal. Body flattened ; femora simple: Division 1. Trimera. Tarsi triarticulate : Fam. 1 ForJicularicE. Division 2. Pentamera. Tarsi 6-jointed : Fam. -2 Blattarice. Section II. Hemelytra and wings vertical. Body sub-cylindrical. Posterior femora incrassated, fitted for leaping : Division 1. Trimera. Tarsi triarticulate : Antennae setaceous. Pectus without laminae. Wings subulate : Fam. 3 " Achetarice. Antennae usually filiform, rarely clavate. Wings simply plicate : Fam. 5 Gryllides. Division 2. Tetramera. Tarsi 4-jointed : Fam. 4 "... Locustarice. His family Gryllides, which is synonymous with our Acrididce, he sub- divides and arranges as follows : I. Gryllus. — Antennae inserted in foveolae between the eyes. Eyes ovate, not prominent. Thorax (pronotum) rounded posteriorly, or slightly pro- 248 diiced. Hemelytra often ample. Pulvilli between the claws of the tarsi. (Corresponds with my Acridince.) Sec. 1. Hemelytra as long or longer than the abdomen : A. Antennae in each sex filiform : a. Thorax unicarinate : b. Thorax tricarinate : * Lateral carinae straight or nearly straight. . ** Lateral carinse curved or angular. B. Antennae of the males clavate. Sec. 2. Hemelytra very short. IL AcRiDiUM. — Antennae inserted under the eyes, sulj-approximate in front. Eyes globose, somewhat prominent. Thorax (pronotum) prolonged pos- teriorly. Hemelytra rudimentary. Pulvilli absent. (My TettigiruR.) Sec. 1. AiitenniE 14-jointed. Sec. 2. Antennae 12-jointed. Borck's arrangement is as follows : 1. Ciu-soriae: a. Tarsi 3-jointed : Fam. I Forjiculina. b Tarsi 5-jointed : Fam. II Blattina. m 2. Saltatoriae: * Tarsi not uniform ; the first joint of the posterior pair being unlike the others : Fam. Ill Gryllodea. ** All the tarsi normal ; similar in form : ff. Tarsi 4-jointed : Fam. IV Locustina. b. Tarsi 3-jointed: Fam. V . - t Acridiodea. He considers the variations in the tarsi of more importance in classifica- tion than the difference in the genital organs, and therefore places the Gryl- lidcB and Locustidce in different sections. As his work contains but few species of AcrididcB, his subdivision of this family is simple, and scarcely indicates what it would have been had the num- ber been greater and the forms more varied. It is as follows : 249 1. Pronotmn extending back only on the base of the elytra: a. Prosternura armed with a strong spine. Elytra and wings rudimen- tary: Gen. 1 — - Podisma. h. Prosternum unarmed : * Face vertical; pronotum unicarinate : Gren. 2 - '. ? . . . (Edipoda. ** Face deflexed ; pronotum tricarinate : Gen. 3 . . - - Gomphocerus. 2. Pronotum extending to the tip of the abdomen : Gen. 4 Tetrix. Remark. — I have not examined these works sufficiently to ascertain whether the authors consider their arrangements as ascending or descending. I may as well remark here that, wliile I let my view as to the relative position in the scale of being have wha*" I consider its dtie weight in my arrangement of the groups, yet while so much uncertainty exists in regard to it, I consider it of subordinate importance in classitication. I am satisfied that the Acri- didcp- should connect with the PhasmidcB through Froscopia. I am also satis- fied that the saltatorial families must remain together, consequently my arrange- ment, or exactly the reverse — that of Burmeister and Scudder — must be adopted ; and in either case the arrangement of the subdivisions of the Acri- dice should be the same. It is my intention, if life and health are granted me, to supplement the foregoing synopsis with a discussion of the generic forms of the North American Acrididce, especially with reference to their relations to exotic forms. EPHIPPIGERA (?), Hald. I have omitted this genus from the list, and have assigned it no regular place in my synopsis, for the following reasons: I am wholly unacquainted with it; there is a genus of this name belonging to the Locustidce, but I know of no such genus in Acrididce; and because I am well satisfied, from an inspection of the figure given by Haldeman, that his insect is but the pupa of some species of (Edipoda, and, I am strongly inclined to believe, of CE. coralUpes or one of the closely-allied species found in Mexico. Yet, in order to make my work as complete as possible, I insert Haldeman's description. 32 A 250 E. tscliivavensis, Hald., Stansb. Rep. Salt Lake, 371, PI. x, Fig. 3. Robust, dull-brown, beneath yellowish; head rough; antennse deep set, filiform, shorter than the pronotum, inserted opposite the lower canthus of the eyes, upon each side of a double vertical frontal carina ; labrum transverse, and with the palpi flavous. Pronotum ample, coarsely scabrous, blackish, changing to yellowish posteriorly. Elytra and wings rudimentary, the former gray, mottled with black. Inside of the posterior femora and tibiae black, the former interrupted near the apex. The posterior tibiae have a row of spines upon each side above. 9 Length, 1.25 inche.s; antennae, 0.5 inch ; pronotum, 0.58 inch; elytra, 0.33 inch; posterior femora, 0.58 inch; posterior tibiae, 0.58 inch. Chihuahua (Plaldeman). Remarks. — The shape of the pronotum is that common to the pupae of that subdivision of Q^dipoda to which CE. corallipes belongs; the color as de- scribed is also very much the same ; the inside of the posterior femora, it is true, is black, but this is not rare ; at least, the pupae, in this respect, seldom correspond with the perfect insects. Haldeman's figure shows his specimen was an immature female; the posterior femora show plainly the Qildipodoid type. Note to O. PUNCTiPENNis, 'page 64. — My Opsomala punctipennis, (Trans. 111. State Agl. Soc, vol. 5, p. 447), I am now satisfied, is a misnomer. I have no specimens remaining, all having been destroyed several years ago; but, from my description and memory, I am now inclined to believe they belonged to Pyrgomorpha punctipennis, Thos. Page lb. — Add as a synonym to C. viridis the following: Opsomala brevipennis, Thos., Trans. 111. State Agl. Soc, vol. 5, p. 451. Pages 195-196. — O. varipes, O. puncfijMnnis, and O. marginicoUis have been inadvertently inserted here as well as in Part I (see pages 64, 65 and 66) ; they are given as belonging to the United States fauna on the authority of De Haan, which I consider as doubtful. Page 200. — Hippiscus ought probably to be placed in the vicinity of Stauronotus. Bracliypeplii!!! viresceiis, Charp., Orthop., PL 51. Has been uninteuti'onally omitted. It is very similar to B. magmis, a little smaller and uniform green. Mexico (Charpentier).. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE. The accompanying plate is intended to show, so far as can be done by simple outline-figures, the distinguishing characteristics of a few of the genera mentioned in this work, esiiecially those not so generally known, those pecu- liar to the United States, or those but recently ascertained to belong to its fauna : 1. Tropidoloplms formostis, Thos. 9 From nature. 2. Ehomalea centurio, Burm. From nature. 3. Tragoce2)hala viridifasciata, Harr. 9 After the figure in Flint's edition of Harr. Een. 7. Same. Var. infuscata. From nature. Given to show the prominent frontal costa and vertex, but the lower part of the face should be as in Fig. 3. 4. Brachypeplus magmis, Girard. From nature. 5. Galoptenus differentialis, Thos. 9 From nature. The Calopteni are generally considerably smaller than this, as this represents our largest species. 6. Oxycoryphus coinpressicorms, Latr. (Eiu-oijean.) From Fischer's Orth. Em-op. 8. Pectus of Acridium amcrichnum, showing the prosternal spine, sp. 9. Stenobothrus. Given to show the lateral foveola3 of the vertex. From Fischer's Orth. Europ. 10. Pyrgomorplia punctipennis, Thos. From nature. 11. Boopedon nubilum, Thos. From nature. 12. Tryxalis brevipennis, Thos. From nature. 13. AcrolopMtus Mrtipes, Thos. From nature ; but the vertex is not as prominent as it should be. It should round upward from the occiput, so as to be about half the length of the eye higher at the tip than is shown in the figure. 14. Tcttix . Copied from Fischer's Orthop. Burop., to show the general form. 252 15. Pezotcttix . Copied from Fischer's Orthop. Burop., to show the general form, but is almost an exact figure of the smaller specimens of P. picta, Thos. 16. Opomala . This was taken from a male specimen of 0. bivittata, in which the lateral cariuse of the pronotum were unusually rounded ; hence do not appear as prominent as they should. 17. Head of Stauronotus, from Fischer's Orthop. Europ. a. The lateral foveolae of the vertex ; b. the clypeus ; c. the labrum. 4 GLOSSARY AbbreTiated. When applied to the elytra and wings signifies thatthey are shorter than the abdomen. Abdomen. Posterior part of the body. (See page 20.) Abdominal appendaares. The ovipositor and cerci. Acuminate. Tapering gradually to a point. Adulf . The fully-matured state of an insect. Anal. At or pertaining to the anus. Anal ang'le. The posterior inner corner of the wing. Ang'ulate. Angled ; presenting an angular margin or surface. Annulated. Einged ; furnished with ring-like bands. Antennae. Twojointed, thread-like appendages on the front of the head. (SeepagolS.) Anterior. Before ; toward the front. Apex. The extremity opposite the base. (See page 18, note.) Apical. At or pertaining to the apex. Approximate. Close together ; placed near. Arcuate. Curved like a bow. Article or Articulation. A joint or segment. Basal. At or pertaining to the base. Baf^e. The foundation ; the part which connects with the thorax, directly or indi- rectly; as, lifise of the abdomen, the part that joins the thorax; hose of the tibia, the part that joins the femur. (See page 18, note.) Bilobed. Furnished with or divided into two lobes. Bivittate. Marked with two longitudinal stripes. Blotch. An irregular spot. (See Spot.) Carina (plural Carinie). A keel or ridge ; this term is sometimes applied to minute slightly-raised lines, as well as to more distinct keels and ridges. Carinate. Furnished with a carina. Carneous. Flesh-colored. Caudal. At or pertaining to the end of the abdomen. Cephalic. Pertaining to the head. Cerci. The small appendages or processes issuing from the sides of the last abdomi- nal segment. (See page 21.) Chagrrined. (See Shagreened.) Cinereous. An ash-gi-ay color. Clavate. Having a thickened club-like extremity. Claviform. Somewhat clavate. Clypeus. The quadrate iiiece immediately below and connecting with the face. (See page 13.) Corneous. Horny, or a hard substance resembling horn. * This is only intended as an exx)lanation of the technical terms employed in the present work. The words in Italics will lie found explained in this Glossary. 254 Coi'iiiciili. Tho little boruy tips or pieces of tbe ovipositor. Costa. A rib ; in tbe preceding work it is usually applied to tbe median carina of tbe face (see Frontal costa) ; it is also occasionally applied to tbe front marginal nerve of tbe wings and eljtra. CO!!«tal. Pertaining to tbe costa. Costate. Eidged or carinate. Crenate. Indented, scolloped, or angularly bent. Cristate. Elevated in tbe form of a crest or bigh sbarp ridge. Cuneilbrin. Shaped like a wedge. ]>eJlexe(l. Sloped or bent downward ; wbeii applied to tbe vertex, it signifies tbat it slopes downward and forward ; wben applied to tbe face, it signifies tbat it slopes under and backward toward tbe breast. Dentate. Furnisbed witb a tootb or teetb. Denticulate. Furnisbed witb minute teetb. Depressed. Flattened. Dilated. Widened or expanded, Discoidai. Pertaining to tbe disk. Disk. Tbe middle surface; the disk of tbe elytra is tbe middle field (see page 20); tbe disk of tbe wing is the central portion (see page 20) ; tbe disk of tbe prouo- tum is tbe dorsal surface ; tbe disk of tbe femur is tbe external face contained be- tween tbe first upper and lower carinte or angles, and is usually jjmMrtte. DorsBBBsa. Tbe upper surface of tbe thorax, abdomen, «&c. (See page 10.) Dorsal. Pertaining to tbe dorsum or back. Hot. (See Spot.) Dotted. Furnished witb dots. Dusky. Pale /«sco2«s. Elliptical. Elongate-oval. . Elongate. Signifies tbat tbe part or area is longer than it is wide. , Elytra (singular Elytron). Tbe anterior or upper wings. (See page 19.) Euiars^'inate. Notched; but once or twice (page 74) it is improperly used for mar- gined, or having tbe margins swollen. Ensilbrm. Sharp on both edges and tapering to a point. Externo-Buedlan nerve. (See page 19.) Falcate. Sickle-shaped ; curved like a sickle. Fascia. A band or strijie broader than a line. FastigiuMS. Extreme point or front of tbe vertex. (See page 12.) Femora. Tbe thighs. FcBBBur. The thigh. Femig'SBBOBBs. Eust-colored. Filil'oB'BU. Slender and cylindrical like a thread ; uniform in size. FoB'e-wiaigs. The dytra. Foveoia (plural Foveolse). A cavity or cellular depression. FoveoHatc. Furnished with foveoke. Fii'OfiBt. Tbe face. (See page 12.) Fa'OBBtal. Pertaining to the face. FB'OBBtal costa. The carina extending down tbe middle of tbe face. (See page 12.) FBiligiBiOBis. Of tbe color of dark smoke. FibItous. Tawny, or light yellowish-brown. Ffliscoiis. Dark-brown, or sooty color. FBisil'oB'BBB. Spindle-shaped. 25r) ftJansMoBi (plural Crang'lgn). A nervous mass or enlargement. Cieni^ni org'aBis. Those organs tbat participate in the act of reproduction ; when used in the present work, generally refers to the parts of the ovipositor. Cribbou!^. Evenly and broadly convex. CJIabrows. Smooth or polished. Glancotis. A shining sea-green color. CrB'aniilated. Furnished with minute prominences like grains of sand. (See Rugose.) Ilnb. Abbreviation of habitat. Habitat. The place or region which an insect inhabits. ISt'DiBelytra. The upper wings ; the elytra. Hiiuaei'iiiii. The shoukler ; used in the present work to designate the lateral ridges or angles of the pronotum, especially when they cannot properly be designated as carina: Humeral. At or pertaining to the humerus. Hyaline. Transparent; the color of water ; having a faint greenish tinge, which dis- tinguishes it from pellucid, which has more of a whitish tinge, but the two are often used as synonymous. Iniag^o. The perfect insect, which has passed through the preparatory stages larva and pupa. Iiumaciilate. Unspotted ; marked with neither spots nor dots. Iinpres!>iion*!). Used as equivalent to incisions. Incif^ioii. A sharp linear indenture. luterno-nsedian nerve. (See page 19.) Interrupted. Suddenly stopped, or broken ; when used with reference to the car- inte of the pronotum it signifies that they are not continuous, notched, disappear- ing, or sub-obsolete at points. Kiabial. Pertaining to the lips. liabiuui. The lower lip. (See page 14.) I^abruHi. The upper lip. (See page 13.) Iianiinate. Provided with a thin plate-like expansion of the margin. Lianeeolate. Spear-shaped. liarva (plural I^arvae). The insect in its first stage after its exclusion from the egg. Iiateral. At or pertaining to the side. Liaf eral carlnae. Of the face (see page 13) ; of the pronotum (see page 15). I^ateral lobes. The lateral lobes of the pronotum are the deflexed portions that cover the sides of the thorax, extending from the lateral carince to the lower mar- gins. Ijaterally. Toward the side; sideways. Ijinear. Shaped like a line ; very narrow. l. (See page 14.) Median or Medial. Occupj'ing the middle. Mesonotuna. Tl>e upper or dorsal surface of the mesotliorax. (See page 15.) MesostersBEissa. The under surliice of the mcsoihorax. (See page 15.) 256 IWeJiiotliorax. The middle piece or part of the thorax to which the elytra and middle I^air of legs are attached. (See page 14.) inetaiiotiian. The upper or dorsal surface of the metathorax, (See page 15.) MetassterimBM. The under surface of the metathorax. (See page 15.) ITIefafliorax. The posterior part or piece of the thorax to which the wings and hind pair of legs are attached. (See page 15.) MonilifbrsBi. Distinct rounded joints resembling a string of beads. IWiiltiaB'tifiiJlate. Composed of many joints. Mutici. Unarmed; without a ^jrosfenm? spine. l^asal SBittire. The suture between the clypeus and face. (See page 13.) I\erves. The larger ribs or veins of the elytra and wings extending from the base toward the apex. ]¥erTHles. The smaller connecting veins of the elytra and wings. Oblique. When applied to the face, denotes that it slopes under and backward toward the breast. Obsolete. Indistinct, or almost lost to view. Occiput. The upper or back part of the head. (See page 11.) Ocelli (singular Ocellus). The three simple or little eyes. (See page 13.) ©clireoiis. Ocher-colored. Ociili (singular Ociilns). The eyes. (See page 13.) Ovate. More or less egg-shaped. Oviduct. The ovipositor. Ovipositor. The part used in depositing eggs, placed at the apex of the female abdomen ; it consists of four corneous pieces, two of which curve upward and two downward. (See page 22.) Palpi. The four jointed appendages attached to the mouth. (See page 14.) Papiiiofos'Ml. Having the form of a butterfly's wing. Pectus. The breast, or under surface of the thorax;; the same as sternum. PellMCltl. Transparent. Piceous. Color of pitch. Pinnae. The minute oblique ridges or rays of the external face of the posterior /emora. (See page IS.) Pinnate. Furnished .with pinnae. Planate. Flattened. Plications. The folds of the wings. Posterior and Posteriorly. Behind. (See page 10.) Posterior lateral niarg'ins. The posterior margins of the sides of the prono- tum extending downward from the tip to the lower posterior corners. Pre-anal. Above or before the anal opening; usually applied to the triangular piece or plate that rests on the upper surface of the last abdominal segment. (See page 22.) Process. A prolongation of the surface or margin ; as, a tooth, &c. Produced. Drawn out; applied to the head, it signifles that the upper part of the front extends forward. PronotuBBB. The shield which covers the front part of the thorax, extending down the sides nearly to the legs. (See page 15.) Pi'OsternBBDBB. The under surface of the prothorax. (See pages 15 and 16.) Pa*otliOB*ax. The anterior division of the thorax; the part with which the head is connected. (See page 15.) 257 Pulrilli (singular Piilvilliis). The little pads between the cli*\vs of the tarsi. (See page IS.) PuBicfate and Puaac'aBia'ed. Contaiuing numerous small poiut-like depressions or l)uucturos. PyE'ilorBaa. Pear-shaped. Qtsjtdlrate. Uaving four sides; somewhat resembling a square. QsBisds'Ecaa'flBaate. Having four cariuie or keels. (See page 13.) l£ecina*ve»»ea"a*ate«!. Uaving prominences like saw-teeth. Seta (plural Setae). A bristle-like appendage. Setaceous. Bristle-like ; resembling a bristle. SaBBiiate. Winding in and out; twice or more curved. SBBBOoSla. Without elevations or wrinkles; applied to the prosfernMW, signifies that it is unspined. Spatulate. Flattened, and broader at the apex than at the base. Spot. A colored mark. A minute rounded spot is termed a dot; a large spot with very irregular outlines is sometimes called a blotch. Spotted. Contaiuing or marked with spots or dots. SpiiB's. The strong spines at the apex of the tibiae. Stea'aaate. The ventral part of each abdominal segment. (See page 21.) Snb. Somewhat; under. Stfllt-aaaal plate. (See page 21.) Sssl»-troBBtaL Close to the front; immediately behind the front margin. StaSi-g'eiBital ianaaaia. Same as sub-anal i)late. Sule-aaaat'g'BBaal. Just behind or within the margin. SaiSeate. Channeled ; grooved ; having a sulctis. Stiieta!>>. A linear groove or channel. Siipea'-aaaal plate. (See page 22.) SsitiBB'e. A seam or impressed line ; generally used in reference to the junction of two pieces or plates. Taa-saas (plural Taa-sa). The jointed foot. (See page 17.) Te^aaaaBBa. The elytra. Tea*e*te. Sub-cylindrical ; straight, without enlargements. Tea'Site. The dorsal portion of each abdominal segment. (See page 21.) Tea'aaaiaaolog'y. An explanation of the peculiar terms and names employed. ThoB'acic. Eelating to the thorax. TlBoa'a\. The middle portion of the body to which the legs and wings are attached. (See page 14.) 33 A 258 Tibia (plural TiS»iac). The sLauk ; tlie part of t,ljc lug butwecu the tbigb and foot. (See page 17.) TigJ. Tbe apex or end opposite tbe base. Ta'aassSucent. Semi-transparent. Ta'auasverse. Signifies that the part or area is broader than it is long. Ta-auasversie iBSCisioms or iuBBpressions. Generally used with reference to the cross impressed lines of tbe pronoUim. TrScaB'SBBate. Having three keels or caritue. TB'ngouaal. Triangular; three-sided. TB'lqtieSB'OUS. Having three faces, with tbe margins or angles sharp. Trociiaaatej'. Tbe second piece of tbe leg. (See page 17.) TD-Binacate. Limited at tbe extremity-by a straight, exactly transverse line or sur- face ; cut off squarely. TTBltoeB'CBBlate. Covered with tubercles. T»al>ercBJlaf(»B"B»B. In the form of a tubercle. TyBaapaBBaBaaa. The opening ou each side of tbe basal segment of tbe abdomen. (See page 21.) llaaaa'aaaed. Without a spine ; uuspiued. llBa§:Bies. Tbe claws of the tarsi. Valves. Tbe corneous pieces of the ovijMsUor. Veaatea'. The under side of the abdomen. (See page 21.) Veaata-aL Pertaining to tbe venter. Vea'Sex. Tbe front portion of the upper surface of tbe bead between and in front of tbe eyes. (See page 12.) U, S OEOL.SITRV' or TER ^ SYNOPSIS ACBID W.H.Holmes. Th=.- SiiicUirA Son.iilh.ptiii IN^DEX Page. abdominalis 74 abortiva 76 Achurura 195 Acrididw 143 ACRIDIXiE 55 AcniDixi 143,219 Acridium 168,228 Acridium 80, 108 Acrolopliitus 77 admirabilis 84 ffiqualis 89, 114 alutaceum 171 ambigunm 173 ainericanum 1 172 americanus 172 apiculata 135 aptera 63 arctatus 208 arcticus 226 Arajptera 98 arenosa - 183, 184 ati'ox 136 auricoruis 241 azteca 215,243 aztecum 223 aztecus 203 Batrachidea 189,244 bicolor 220 hicolor Si hilincata 183,184 biliueatus 90 bilituratUB 160 bivittata 64 hi:Httatum 64, 166 bivittatus 166 Boijpedon 140 borckii 149 borealis 153, 227 Brachypeplus 142,250 brachypteia 63 brevicornis 67 brevipennis - 58,250 brunneiis 93 burkbartianus 202 Calacris 227 * The names of groups and higher divisions are in small with a small letter; synonyms are in italicE. Pago. CalViptamm 157 Caloptenus 157,224 carinata 62, 190 carinata , 106 cariuatus 106 caritiatus : 62 carlingiaua 12C Carolina 117 carolinknia 117 caroUnianum 117 caroUniim 117 caroliniis 117 centurio 179 cerineipennis Ill chichimeoa 244 Chlomltis 74,80 cblorizans 60 Chocradotrachelia 55 Cboripbyllum 244 Chorthippns 74,80 Chromacris - 167 Cbry socbraon 74 chri/someJas 103 cincta 122 clavatus 96 collaris 113 coloradus ,.. 82 colorata 168 coloratmn 168 'compresstim _ 245 concolor 230 CONOCEPHALIDES 56 Conojihori 178 conspersa 76 conspersum 70 corullina 135 corallinus 221 corallipes 130 costalis 112 cothuniata 210 cotlmriiatus 210 cras.sipes 198 cristata * 190 cristatus 177 cubense 232 capitals ; the names of genera begin with a capital ; of species, 2G() cncullata » 18;") cnrtipcnnia 91 Dautylotiim ; '. 2VJ dnmnificHm 170 dccisus ... 207 Dlcli/ophonis 178 difrrentiale 105 (lidureutialis ICfl discoiilea 133 diversifini 231 di vers! fern m 231 dodgei 153 dorsalis 183,184 dux 177 edax 152 elephas 219 elliotti -• 139 einaiginatnm ". 172 ensiconic 67 Ephij^pigera 249 equfs 239 cri/thro2>us , - 1C3 cuceiata 119 estreraus 225 fasciatam 224 fasciatus 224 femomle 103 feinorata 185 fcmoraUim 1C6 femoraliis 166 fcmiii-rubruiu : 163 feuestralis 118 flavofasciatnm 141 flavo-vittatum 106 formosus 138 frontalis 109 giijanlea 180 gigaiilcum 180 glacialis 148 Goiupliocerus *. 95 Gomphoccrus 74, 80, 98 gracilis 94,99,121 graunlata 182 graiiidatuin 182 grcgaiius .*. 206 griseus , -. 165 Gryllus 108,168 Gr!;llu8 Acrida 56 57 GrylUts Bulla 182 gultalus 179 haiteDsis 213 haldemannii 130 hanisii 180 liaydeuii 120 hcmipUriim t 103 Hippiseiis 200, 250 Hippupodon 218 biitipos 78 iH.fi'iiianii 127 PllgO. Ichthydion 198 inclarata 242 iufuscata 102 inscripta 228 iuscriptum 228 kiowa 121 luterale 187 lateralis 187 lateralis I,w8 latijiennis 115 latreilhi 177 Leprus 219 leucosioma KiG leucostomiitn 1G6 lineata 98 Locusia 108, 168 loiigicoruis 150 lougipennis 116 longipennia 91 Lopbacris 237 liiridescens 235 Machajrocera 201 Mackocekides 56 maculipeunis 87 magnus 143 manca 149 inarci 180 margiiiatujn 103 margimcolle 66 margiiiicollis 66,196,250 maritima 124 marmorata Ill Mccostatli us 98 melaiwplcurus 76 Mesops 59 inexicaua 197, 201, 214, 222, 224, 243 mexicana 60 mesicamim 198. 200 mexicanus 202, 207, 211, 227 MiCROCERIDES 56 microptera 179 micropterum 179 Monacbidium 238 montaua 129, 155 montezuma 204 morio 210 Miicronati 143 Mutici 70 mystecus 205 nebrascensis 151 iiebuloaa 116 ncglecta 128 neo-mexicana 65 uovadensis 79 iiietaiuis 212 nigrum 141 uobilis 209 iiotoclurus 67 inibihiiii HI 261 Page. iiiihiliis 141 (ibesa 146 oliioiKi 100 iihioiiiis , 100 obViterata j 135 obscurum 174 obscurus 73 obsciinis — . 174 occidentalis 92, 161 occijpitalis 81 ocelot c 200 CEdipoila 108, 213 CEdijHida 80,213 (Edqmlida- 70 CEdipodini 70,200 oJfersii 238 oli vaceum 236 Ommatolampis 156,224 Opomala 62, 195 Opsomala 62,250 oniat a 183 ornata 182 ornatiim 183 Oktiiocemdes 70 otomitus 212 os3'cephala 186 Oxycoryphus 72, 201 pacifica 101 |)allidipeiinis 218 Patnjiltagida; 178 [lauthei'iuum 236 paradosa -. 132 paradalina 213 parviceps 136 parvipcnnis 188, 189 pecticornis 240 pectoralls 229 pedes 240 Pedies 221 Pedioscertetes 79 Pegasidiou 198 peliduus 95 pellucida 137 periscelidis 116 Peritrachelia 181,182 Pezotettix 145,222 phceuicoptera 135 phwnicopterum 135 Phymatini 181 .piceifions 232 picta 147 plagiatum 245 plattei.. 123 Platypai'i/phea 182 Platypbyma 154,223 plat yptera 99 Podisma 74,80 Pa'pedetes 220 polyinorpba 188 Pago. Proctolabrus (sitb-gcn. ) 224 propinqiiana 90 propriuiii 236 Proscopidw 56 Froncopkles 56 Proscopini 56 prninosa 127 pseudo-nictanus 107 pudica 228 2}unctatus 179 2>iiiictq)eiiiic 64 puuctipeuuis 64, 68, 196,250 2)iutctuJata 77 piiuetulatum 77 puuctulatus 163 purpurascens 199,244 pygmea 242 Py rgoiuorpba 66 quadrimaculata 183, 184 quadrlmaciilatus 93 radiata 104 repletus 159 reticidatus 180 Ehomalea 178,239 rliomhea 245 rbombeum 245 Eomalea 178 rubiginosum 170 rngosa 132, 186 riislkum .' 171, 172 Biitioderes 178 eagrai 245 saltator 218 saiiguinipes 166 scriptus 160 scudderi 152 scutellare 233 eelectus 226 septentrionalis 222 shoshone 175 simplex 97 simulatrix 230 sordida 116 surdida 183,184 sordide 116 sordidum '. 116 speciosa 216 siJeciosus 87 Sphenarium •. 199 Spingouotus (sub-gen.) 213 Spongipliori 55 spretum 164 spretus 164 Staurouotus 139 Slenacris 60 stenobotbroides 197 Steuobotbrus 80,95,205 Stenobothrus 95 Stetheophyma 98,210 262 Page. strcnnm 234 subconspersus 86 sulplmrea 105 sulphureum 105 snlphureus 105 sumiclirasti 195,214,223 superbum 239 tarlarica - 172 tencirosa 107 tenebrosus 107 tentatrix 216 tepanecus 206 Tvtricides 181 Tttncidites 181 Tctrix 182 Tettigida; 181 Tettigidea 186 TETTIGINiE 181 Tettis 182 tibialis 204 tolteca 215,244 toltecum 232 toltecus 201 Tomonotus 104, 211 iorvum 171 totouacus 203 Tragocepbala 100 transtri gata 217 triangularis 185 tricarinatus - 84 trifasciata 127 trifascialits 127 Trigonojitevygidw 70 TlUGONOPTERYGINI 70 Tropidacris 176 Tropidolopbus 138 Troj-alis 57,67 TritmUda; 56 Triixalides 56 Truxalis 57 TnjKilida: 56 TrvXjM.ini 56, 195 Page. Tryxalis 57,195 tscivavensis 250 iuherculatum 133 turiibullii 158 undulata 125 unicolor 151 uniUncata 170 unillueatum 170 valesquezii 238 variegata 210 varicgatu8 ._. 210 varipes 65, 195, 235, 250 veuusta Ill verrueulata 115 verritculatum 115 viatorius 206 vicarium 234 virescens 221,250 virgiiiiana 103 vh-giiiianinn 103 rirginianus 103 viridifasciata 103 viridifasciatum 103 viridifasciatits 103 viridis 75,156 viridiasimus 209 viridulus 67 vitticeps 233 volitans 198 wyomingeusis 59 wyomingiaua 113 zapotecus 203 zimmermauui 150 xanihopiera 105 xanthoptenim 105 xantbojjterus 105 Xiphicera 62 Xiphocera 241 Xiphoceridw 178 XiPHOCERIDES 178 XiPHOCERINI 178, 239 ^ ^•^w V ( L"/*