4 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES UNITED STATES G K O L O G 1 S T-INC H A RG E. VOIUME XIII. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. BY SA^lViEUEL H. SCXJDDER. WASHINGTON: GOVERXJIENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1890. ISrOTE. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey. Washington, D. C, May 16, 1890. On the 27th of September, 1882, at the request of Dr. F. V. Hayden, the completion of the pubHcations of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, formerly under his charge, was committed to the charge of the Director of the Geological Survey by the following order from the honorable the Secretary of the Interior : Department of the Interior, Washington, September 27, 1882. Maj. J. W. Powell, Director U S. Geological Survey : Sir: The letter of Prof. F. V. Hayden, dated June 27, beai-ing your indorsement of July 20, relating to the ui:published reports of the survey formerly under his charge, is herewith I'eturned. You will please take charge of the publications referred to in the same, in accordance with the snggestions made by Professor Hayden. It is the desire of this office that these volumes shall be comjileted and published as early as practicable. Very respectfully, H. M. Teller, Secretary. Of the publications thus placed in charge of the Director of the United States Geological Survey the accompanying volume is the third to be issued, the preceding being " The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West," by Edward D. Cope, and "Contributions to the Fossil Flora of the Western Territories," by Leo Lesquereux. J. W. Powell, 5 Director. CONTENTS Page. Letter of transmittal 11 Introduction 13 Localities where Tertiary insects have been fonud in America 17 Myriapoda 43 Arachnides 45 Acarina 46 Araneides 48 Nenroptera 91 Thysannra 94 Termitina 103 Psocina 117 EpheraeridiP 118 Odonata 124 Planipennia 146 Triehoptera 176 Orthoptera 201 ForiiculariiB 202 Blattaria? 215 Phasmida 219 Acridii 220 Locustariic . . . 227 Gryllides 234 Hemiptera 238 Coccidte 241 Aphides 242 Psyllid* 275 Fulgorina 278 Jassides 302 Cercopida? . 315 CorixidsB 343 Notonectidaj 346 GalguIidiB 347 VeliidiB 348 Hydrobatidid 350 ReduviidiB 354 TingididsB 357 Acanthi ida3 360 Capsidaj 361 Physapoaes 371 Lygaeida) 374 CoreidiB 411 Pentatomid^ 435 27896 8 CONTENTS. Page. Coleoptera 465 Anthribidie ., 46r) Scolytidse .'. 468 CarculioaidsB 471 OtiorhynchidtB 475 RhynchitidiE 481 RhipiphoridiB 482 TenebrionidiB 483 Bruchidae 484 Chrysomelidje 485 Scarabicidie '487 Ptinidse 491 BiiprestidsB 493 ElateridiB 496 Byrrhidas 199 NitidulidiB , 499 Cry ptophagida! 501 CucujidiB 501 Erotylida>, 502 Staphylinid.-B 503 Hydropbilidie 510 DytiscidiB 517 Carabidse 517 Diptera , 539 LonchieidiB , . . 539 Ortalida; 540 Sciomyzidie 542 Helomy zidfe 547 Anthomy idee 548 Miiscid.TB 551 TachinidiB 554 Platy pezidfe 555 Conopidie , 555 SyrphidiB 557 DolicbopodidfB 562 Cyrtida? 563 Asilid* 563 StratiomyideB 566 TipulidiB 568 Chironomid.-B 578 Culicidae 582 BibionidiE 583 MycetophilidsB 586 Cecidomyidse 600 Lepidoptera 602 Tineida? 602 Hy meuoptera 604 Tentbredinidae 604 CbalcididiB 604 Braconidie 605 Icbneumonidie 608 Myrmicidse 615 Formicidaj 616 Spbegid* 620 Systematic list of species with their distribution, and comparison with other species, living and fossil 621 Plates 665 Index 723 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Map of Tertiary lake basiu at Florissant, Colorado Frontispiece. Plate I. Insects from bone caves and interglacial clays 1X7 II, III. Insects from tlie Tertiary deposits of British Columbia 669-672 IV. Insects from miscellaneous Tertiary deposits, including one species from the Lar- amie formation 673 V-X. Insects from the Tertiary deposits of Green River, Wyoming 675-686 XI. Araclmida from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant, Colorado 687 XII-XV. Neiiroptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 689-696 XVI, XVII. Orthoptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 697-700 XVIII-XXVIII. Hemiptera from the Tertiary deposits of Florissant 701-722 Figs. 1-3. Planocephalas aselloides 95 9 ERRATA. Page 15, eleventh line from bottom, /oi- specimen read individual. Page 28, line eighteen, /or specimens read species. Page 71, under Aranea colurabiie, for PI. 11 read PI. 9. Page 202. The two paragraphs immediately preceding Forficnlaria^ belong on page 203, immediately preceding Labiduromma. Page 203, line three, for cricket read crickets. Page 203, before Labidnromma, insert the two paragra)>bs on page 202, immediately preceding Forfi- culariiB. Page 225, line one, for interspaces read interspace ; line two, insert that before aV)ove. Page 244, in table, for 3. Geranchnm read 3. Gerancon; for 13. Amalanchum read 13 Amalancon; for 15. Anconotus read 15. Aucoiiatus. Page 245, under C. abseus, the third line should read; Fore wing nearly three tiuie.s ;is long as broad. First oblique vein nearly straight, etc. Page 248, in three headings, /or Geranchon read Gerancon. Page 249, in heading, /or Geraucbon read Gerancon. Page 256, line twenty, befjrc parts insert except at base. Page 31ti, lines 5 and 6, for possil)ly luminiferous read highly decorated. Page 343, line 4, for in the to-day read to-day in the. Page 3tj2, line 20, for referred read referable. Page 446, line 15, and in several places on succeeding pages, /or punctas read puncta. Page 610, lines 13 and 14, for abdomen read thorax. 10 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Geological Survey, Division of Fossil Insects, Cambridge, March 14, 1890. Sir: It is a source of great regret to me that tlie volume herewith trans- mitted could not have been published during Dr. Hayden's life. It con- tains the first fruits of an undertaking inspired by him and encouraged by his aid. The extent of the task he intrusted to me more than a dozen years ago has been, with the interference of other duties, the occasion of the delay in its execution. The material has grown beyond all expectation, far beyond anything that could liave been anticipated. As originally planned, when the Florissant beds were first carefully exploited, the fossil insects other than those from Florissant were first to be disposed of, and the latter were then to be taken up by orders. The plates were accordingly executed (before the completion of the text) with that plan in view, and the first ten plates herewith transmitted contain very nearly all the extra-Florissant insects known ten years ago. Since then their number has perhaps doubled. The succeeding plates contain the lower orders of Florissant arthropods, ending with the Hemiptera. The text has been made to conform in large measure to the same plan, except that the insects of different localities and of different horizons have been arranged in one systematic series. Descriptions of a considerable number of species have been introduced for completeness' sake which are not figured, but of every one of these drawings have been finished and will be given in some future publication. The early portion of the text was written many years ago — the Arachnida and Termitina in 1881, most of the Odonata in 1882, the Ephemeridse and Planipennia in 1883, and the Trichoptera and Orthoptera in 1884; and, as the general remarks prefixed to each group were written on the completion of the study of that group, and would now have to be modified in some slight particulars, I have thought best to let these remarks remain as written, and to append at the 11 12 LETTER OF TKANSMITTAL. end of each general paragraph the date of writing. To rewrite the whole would unnecessarily delay the appearance of the work, and the dates will explain otherwise unaccountable, though generally very slight, omissions of later material. The new portions of the Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera were mostly written a year ago, and during the past year the Hemiptera, much tlie most extensive group in the volume, have been elaborated. In the four later orders the general remarks and suumiaries attaclied to the genera, families, etc., of the earlier groups are omitted, because these orders will form the subject of future separate consideration, and the basis for generaliza- tion will then be greatly increased; the representation of these orders in the present volume is very meagei', including next to no species from Florissant. The publication of this volume will give the first o[)portunity for any. good comparisons between the long known Tertiar}^ insects of Europe and those of any other country; so far as the lov/er orders of insects are con- cerned— the only ones here at all fully elaborated — they show that the ma- terial already gathered within the last two decades in America is at least as rich as that of the well gleaned fields of Europe. The present volume con- tains descriptions of 1 species of Myriapoda, 34 of Arachnida, 66 of Neu- roptera, 30 of Ortlioptera, 266 of Hemiptera, 112 of Coleoptera, 79 of Dip- tera, 1 of Lepidoptera, and 23 of Hymenoptera, in all 61'2 species. For the lower orders, that is, those here fully treated, these numbers are already slightly in excess of those obtained from the European Tertiaries, if tlie ricli amber fauna of the Baltic is excluded; for the corresponding numbers for the European species from the rocks would be approximately as follows : Myriapoda, 1 ; Araclniida, 24 (recently, however, nearly doubled); Neu- roptera, 59; Ortlioptera, 36; and Hemiptera, 218; a total of 338 species against 397 for the American rocks. There is no doubt that this excess would be found even greater in the higher orders by the material already many years in hand ; and the extent of the insect-bearing rocks of the West, which as yet have been touched only here and there, is so immeas- urably greater than that of similar European strata that only the lack of students in this field of American paleontology can prevent our deposits from assuming a commanding position in the woi'ld. Very respectfully, yours, Samuel H. Scudder. Hon. J. W. Powell, Director U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. THE TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. By Samuel H. Scdddek. INTRODUCTION. That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing- seasons as to live, so to speak, but a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. "So fragile," says Quinet', " so easy to crush, you would readily beheve the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time ; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense ? Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wino^s of g-auze, ao-ainst the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth '? When the mountains themselves are overthrown and the seas u|)lifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them ? Is it it which will display most character in nature ? Yes ! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutive- ness, its nothingness." The pages and plates of the present volume bear testimony to the fact that our tertiary strata have preserved remnants of an ancient host, so varied in structure, so closely also resembling their brethren of to-day, that nearly or quite every prevalent family-group in the entire range of the insect-world has already been deircnstrated to have then existed. While often fragmentary and crushed, sometimes beyond recognition, a not in- significant number are sufficiently preserved for us to repopulate the past ; ' £. Quinet : La Creation, vol. 1, p. 197. 13 1 i INTRODUCTION. sometimes, too, are they preserved in such a wonderful manner that in tiny creatures with a spread of wings scarcely more than a couple of millimeters one may count under the microscope the hairs fringing the wings. In attempting thus to restore the past world of our insects, two or three general features have been forced upon my attention, which may well be mentioned here. One of them is the remarkable fact that in hardly a single instance has the same species been found at two distinct localities. These localities, it is true, are in some instances separated by hundreds or even thousands of miles, and analogy with the present distribution of insects would lead us to expect more or less profound changes in passing from one to another. But at other times the distance is not great, or at any rate not great enough to make this a satisfactory reason. It is more proba- ble that the beds in which they occur are not altogether synchronous ; and we are led to believe that in the separation of horizons insects will give more precise and definite distinctions than may be gained by the study of the plant remains of tlie same beds. The data at our disposal are not yet suffi- ciently varied to enable us to speak with any confidence, but when the other groups of Florissant insects, not considered in the present volume, are worked out, and the new material that is at hand from the other princi- pal localities has been fairly studied, it may be found that we are armed with a new weapon of attack in solving the immediate succession of the Tertiary series of the West in their finer subdivisions. Another point to wliich attention maybe drawn is the very considerable number and quite e.xtraordinary proportion of species which so far are repre- sented by a single specimen. Leaving out of consideration certain marvel- ously prevalent forms in the beds of Florissant, such as certain Formicidse, Alydina, etc., one working these beds, from which many thousands of insects have already been taken, may confidently expect that every third or fourth specimen will prove something new. A quite similar statement can be made of all, or all but one, of the other localities where insects have been found in our Tertiary deposits : it surely indicates that with all the rich results of the explorations so far undertaken we are only upon the threshold «. f our possible knowledge. We find a richness of fauna far exceeding any- thing before supposed possible. The interest of the Tertiary fauna is further enhanced by the discovery that no inconsiderable proportion of the species in this fauna must be re- INTRODUCTION. 15 ferred to genera not now extant. Granted tliat our knowledge of the sub- ti'opical forms of this continent (with which as a whole at least our Floris- sant fauna seems to be akin) is much too meager to be of great service ; granted also that in many cases we are forced to establish new genera upon what would be regarded among recent animals as too slender grounds : it is nevertheless true that an unexpectedly large number of forms can not be forced into modern genera already established ; in many cases, throughout whole groups, kindred differences from modern types are found which in- dicate considerable changes of structure in the intervening epochs along parallel lines. In illustration of this we would call special attention to the differences observed in the genera of plant-lice, and, in several places among other Hemiptera as well as among the Coleoptera, to the decided dif- ferences ill the relative lengtli of various members of the body. My own belief, which springs from the comparisons instituted in the study of this fauna, is that a much larger proportion of genera should really have been founded, and that, for every type which may turn up in Central American explorations of the near future identical with those now established upon the fossils alone, it will be necessary to separate from the familiar surround- ings in which 1 have placed it some other of the insects from the same beds. It should be stated that the larger part of the plates in this volume were engraved before the insects were studied, except in a cursory manner to separate the species; the insects are therefore not always properly grouped, and tlie legends upon the plates are in part inaccurate. In the enumeration of the specimens at the end of the specific descrip- tions the numbers of the obver.se and reverse of the same specimen are always connected by " and " without any intervening comma, and this typographical method is employed only for expressing this relation. In tlie study of these extinct insects much assistance has been received from friends, to whom my cordial thanks are due; for valuable suggestions from the late Dr. J. L. LeConte, from Baron R. von Osten Sacken, Edward Burgess, Esq., and Drs. G. H. Horn and H. A. Hagen; for tlie open collec- tions of the late G. D. Smith, Esq., and of Messrs. E. P. Austin and Samuel . . • .it' Henshaw; and for important aid in obtaining typical series of modern insects in various groups by Messrs. E. P. Austin, P. R. Uhler, E. P. Van Duzee, Edward Burgess, Dr. A. Forel, and most especially Mr. Samuel Henshaw. LOCALITIES WHERE TERTIARY INSECTS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN AMERICA. Florissant, Colorado. — The Tertiary lake basin at Florissant,' already famous for its proliiic beds of plants and insects, is situated in a narrow valley high up in the mountains at the southern extremity of the Front Range of Colorado, at no great distance from Pike's Peak. The basin is shown on Sheet 13 of the geological atlas of Colorado, published by Dr. Hayden's survey, and its outlines are marked with con- siderable accuracy, although upon a comparatively small scale. The ancient lake lies in the valley of the present South Fork of Twin Creek, and of the upper half of the main stream of the same after the South Fork has joined it. Following the old stage road from South Park to Colorado Springs, and leaving it just above the railway station at Florissant, and then taking tiae road which leads over the divide toward Canon City, we pass between the Platte River and the x\rkansas divide, through the entire length of the basin. This road crosses the South Platte a short distance, say a kilometer and a half, below the mouth of Twin Creek, climbs a long gradual slope on the east bank of the river to an open grassy glade about 2,500 meters above the sea, and then descends a little more than three kilo- meters from the river to join the valley of Twin Creek. One scarcely begins the descent before his attention is attracted by the outcropping of drab-colored shales, which continue until almost the very summit of the divide is reached and the descent toward the Arkansas besfun, a traveling distance of not far from 13 kilometers. The shales may indeed be seen for several kilometers on the farther side of this divide, but no organic remains have yet been found in them. By climbing a neighboring peak, thrice baptized as Crystal Mountain, Topaz Butte, and Cheops Pyramid, and known to the old miners as Slim Jim, we obtained an admirable bird's-eye view of the ancient lake and the ' This account of Florissaut is taken almost bodily from a paper by Prof. Arthur Lakes and myself (Bull. U. S. Geol. Siirv. Terr., vol. 6, 1881, pp. 279, seq.). 17 VOL XIII 2 18 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. surrounding region. To the southeast is Pike's Peak ; to the west South Park and tlie canon of the South Platte, shown by a depression ; to the extreme south the grand canon of the Arkansas ; wliile to tlie north a few sharp, ragged, granite peaks surmount the low wooded hills and ravines characteristic of the nearer region. Among these hills and ravines, and only a little broader than the rest of the latter, lies, to the south, the ancient Florissant Lake l^asin, marked by an irregular L-shaped grassy meadow, the southern half broader and more rolling than the northwestern, the latter more broken and with deeper inlets. Recalling its ancient condition it will appear that this elevated lake must have been a beautiful, thougli shallow,' sheet of water. Topaz Butte, and a nameless lower elevation lying eight kilometers to its southwest, which we may call Castello's Mountain, guarded the head of the lake upon one side and the other, rising 300 or 400 meters above its level. It was hemmed in on all sides by nearer granitic hills, whose wooded slopes came to the water's edge ; sometimes, especiall}' on the northern and eastern sides, rising abruptly, at others graduall}" sloping, so that reeds and flags grew in the shallow waters by the shore. The waters of the lake penetrated in deep inlets between the hills, giving it a varied and tortuous outline : although only about 16^ kilometers long and very narrow, its margin must have measured over 70 kilometers in extent. Still greater variety was gained b}'' steep promontories, 20 meters or more in height, which pro- jected abruptly into the lake from either side, nearly dividing it into a chain of three or four unequal and very irregular open ponds, running in a northwest-southeast direction, and a larger and less indented sheet, as large as the others combined, connected with the southwesternmost of the three by a narrow channel, and dotted with numerous long and narrow wooded islets just rising above the surface. The ancient outlet of the whole system was probably at the southern extremity; at least the marks of the lake deposits reach within a few meters of the ridge which now separates the waters of the Platte and Arkansas; the nature of the basin itself, and the much more rapid descent of the present surface on the southern side of this divide lead to this conclusion. At the last elevation of the Rocky Mountain chain the drainage flow of this imme- diate region was reversed ; the elevation coming from a southerly or south- ' The shallowness of the lake is indicated by the character of the fish, the sun cracking of some of the shales and the erect sequoia stumps. THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 19 easterly direction (perhaps from Pike's Peak), the lake, or series of lakes, was drained dry by emptying at tlie northwestern extremit}^ The drainage of the valley now flowed into a brook which followed the deeper part of its former floor, and the waters of the region have since emptied into the Platte and not the Arkansas, passing in their conrse between Topaz Butte and Castello's Mountain. The promontories projecting into the lake on either side are formed of trachyte or other volcanic lavas, apparently occurring in fissures directly athwart the general course of the northwestern or upper series of lakes, and masses of the same occur at many different points along the ancient shore, such as the western corner where the waters of the lake were finally discharged; in the neighborhood of the village; along the eastern wall of the lowermost of the chain of upper lakes, near where the present road divides; and at points along both eastern and western walls of the lower southern lake. In general the trachytic flows seem to be confined to the edges of the lacustrine basin, but some, if not all, of the mesas or ancient islands of the southern lake have trachytic flows over them ; and toward the southern extremity of the lake what was once a larger island now forms a rounded hill with steep northern walls, crowned by heavy beds of dark trachyte, and its slopes covered with quantities of vesicular scorife. The rough and . craggy knoll immediately overlooking the present village of Florissant, the reputed scene of Indian combats,^ is witness of hotter times than those; vertical cylindrical holes, with smooth walls, in which a man could hide from sight, funnels scored by heat, mark, perhaps, the presence of former geysers; the basaltic rocks themselves are deeply fissured by the breaking up of the planes of divisions between the cohunns, affording the best protection to the Ute and Arapahoe warriors. But the very shales of the lake itself, in which the myriad plants and insects are entombed, are wholly composed of volcanic sand and ash; 15 meters or more thick they lie, in alternating layers of coarser and finer material. About half of this, now lying beneath the general surface of the ground, consists of heavily- bedd.ed drab shales, with a conchoidal fracture, and is totally destitute of fossils. The upper half has been eroded and carried away, leaving, how- ever, the fragmentary remains of this great ash deposit clinging to the bor- ders of the basin and surrounding the islands ; a more convenient arrange- ' Their rude fortifications still crown the summit. 20 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ment for the present explorer could not have been devised. That the source of the volcanic ashes must have been close at hand seems abundantly proved by the difference in the deposits at the extreme ends of the lake as will be shown in the sections to be given. Not only does the thickness of the beds differ at the two points, but it is difficult to bring them into any- thing beyond the most general concordance. There are still other proofs of disturbance. Around one of the granitic islands in the southern lake basin the .shales mentioned were capped by from one and a half to two and a half meters of sedimentary^ material, reacliing nearly to the crown of the hill, tlie lowest bed of which, a little more than three decimeters thick, formed a regular horizontal stratum of small vol- canic pebbles and sand (A and B of Dr. Wadsworth's note, further on), while the part above is much coarser, resembling a breccia, and is very un- evenly bedded, pitching at every possible angle, seamed, jointed, and weather-worn, curved and twisted, and inclosing pockets of fine laminated shales, also of volcanic ash, in which a few fossils are found (C of Dr. Wads- worth's note). These beds cap the series of regular and evenly stratified shales (D of the same note), and are perhaps synchi'onous with the disturb- ance which tilted and emptied the basin. The uppermost evenly bedded shales then formed the hard floor of the lake, and these contorted beds the softer, but hardening, and therefore more or less tenacious, deposits on that floor. The excavation of the filled-up basin we must presume to be due to the ordinary agencies of atmospheric erosion. The islands in the lower lake take now as then the form of the granitic nucleus; nearly all are long and narrow, but their trend is in every direction both across and along the val- ley in which they rest. (Jreat masses of the shales still adhere equally on every side to the rocks against which they were deposited, proving that time alone and no rude agency has degraded the ancient floor of the lake. The shales in the southern basin dip to the north or northwest at an angle of about two degrees, and according to the contours of the Hayden Survey, the southern end of the ancient lake is now elevated nearly two hundred and fifty meters above the extreme nortliwestern point. The greater part of this present slope of the lake border will be found in the southern half, where it can not fail to at once strike the observant eye, the southernmost margin close to the summit of the divide being nearly two hundred meters higher than the margin next the liill l)y the forks of the road. THE FLORISSANT LAKE «ASIN. 21 Our examination of the deposits of this lacustrine basin was principally made in a small hill, from which perhaps the largest number of fossils have been taken, lying just south of the house of Mr. Adam Hill, now owned by Mr. Thompson, and upon his ranch. Like the other ancient islets of this upland lake, it now forms a mesa or flat-topped hill about ten or a dozen meters high, perhaps a hundred meters long and twenty-five broad. Around its eastern base are some of the famoiis petrified trees — huge, upright trunks, standing as they grew, which are reported to have been five or six meters high at the advent of the present residents of the region. Piecemeal they liave been destroyed by vandal tourists, until now not one of them rises more than a meter above the surface of the ground, and many of them are entirely leveled; but their huge size is attested by the relics, the largest of which can be seen to have been three or four meters in diameter. These gigantic trees appear to be Sequoias, as far as can be told from thin sections of the wood submitted to Dr. George L. Goodale. As is well known, re- luains of more than one species of Sequoia have been found in the shales at their base. At the opposite sloping end of this mesa a trench -was dug from top to bottom to determine the character of the different layers, and the section exposed was carefully measured and studied. In the work of digging this trench we received the very ready and welcome assistance of our com- panion, Mr. F. C. Bowditch, and of Mr. Hill. From what information we could gain about the wells in this neigh- borhood and from a shaft sunk obliquely in the side of a hill near the northwestern extremity, it would appear that the present bed of the ancient Florissant lake is entirely similar in composition for at least ten meters below the surface, consisting of heavily bedded non-fossiliferous shales, having a conchoidal fracture. Above these basal deposits, on the slope of the hill, we found the following series, from above downward, commencing with the evenly bedded strata : SECTION IN SOUTHERN LAKE. (By S. H. Sciidder and A. Lakes.) Centimeters. 1. Finely laminated, evenly bedded, light-gray shale; plants and insects scarce and poorly preserved .3.2 2. Light-brown, soft and pliable, finegrained sandstone; unfossiliferoiis .5 3. Coarser, ferruginous sandstone; uufossiliferous 3.8 4. Resembling No. 1; leaves and insect remains 21 5. Hard, compact, grayish-black shale, breaking with a conchoidal fracture, seamed in the middle with a narrow .strip of drab shale; fragments of plants 28 22 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 6. Ferruginous shale; unfossiliferous- 1.5 7. Resembling No. 5, but having no conchoidal fracture; stems of plants, insects, and a small bivalve niollusb 9 8. Very fine gray ocbreous shale; non-fossiliferoiis 0. 5 9. Drab shales, iuterlaminated with finely divided paper ishales of light-gray color; stems of plants, reeds, and insects 46 10. Crumbling ochreous shale; leaves abundant, insects rare 7.5 11. Drab shales; no fossils ^ 7.5 12. Coarse, ferruginous sandstone; uo fossils 3.8 13. Very hard drab shales, having a conchoidal fracture and filled vrith nodules; unfossilif- erous 63 14. Finely laminated yellon-ish or drab shales; leaves and fragments of plants, with a few insects 30 15. Alternating layers of darker and lighter gray aud brown ferruginous sandstone; no fossils.. 10 16. Drab shales; leaves, seeds, and other parts of plants, with insects, all in abundance 61 17. Ferruginous, porous, sandy shales; uo fossils 5.7 18. Dark gray aud yellow shales ; leaves aud other parts of plants 9 19. luterstratified shales, resembling 17 and 16; leaves aud other parts of plants, with insects.. 17. 8 20 Thickly bedded chocolate-colored shales; no fossils 41 21. Porous yellow shale, interstratitied with seams of very thin drab-colored shales; plints -. 7.5 22. Heavily bedded chocolate-colored shales; no fossils 30 23 Thinly bedded drab shales; perfect leaves, with perfect aud imperfect fragments of plants, and a few broken insects 20 24. Thinly bedded light-drab shale.<, weathering very light ; without fossils 20 25. Thick bedded drab shales, breaking with a conchoidal fracture; also destitute of fossils.. 18 26. Coarse arenaceous shale ; iiufossilifeious 9 27. Gray sandstone, containing decomposing fragments of some white mineral, perhaps calcite ; uo fossils 178 28 Coarse, ferruginous, friablje sandstone, with concretions of a softer material ; fragments of stems perhaps.. 60 29. Thinly bedded drab shales, having a conchoidal fracture, somewhat lignitic, with frag- ments of roots, etc . . -; 25 30. Dark-chocolate shales, containing yellowish concretions; filled with stems and roots of jilants .... ... 25 Total thickuess of evenly bedded shales ("D," of Dr. Wads worth's note) above floor deposits (Meters). . 6. 668 Tlie bed which has been most worked for insects and leaves, and in which thev are unquestionably tlie most abundant and best preserved, is the thick bed, No 16, lying- half- way up the hill, and composed of rapidly alternating beds of variously colored drab shales. Below this, insects were plentiful only in No. 19, and above it in Nos. 7 aud 1) ; in other beds they occurred only rarelv or in fragments. Plants were always abundant where insects were found, but also occurred in many strata where insects were either not discovered, such as Nos. 18 and 21 in the lower half and No. 6 in the upper half, or were rare, as in Nos. 10 and 14 above the middle and No. 23 below; the coarser lignites occurred only near the base. The thickest unfossiliferous beds, Nos. 20 and 27, were almost uniform in character throughout, and did not readily split into laminse, indicating an enormous shower of ashes or a mud flow at the time of their deposition; their character was similar to that of the floor-beds of the basin. THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 23 These beds of shale vary in color from yellow to dark brown. Above them all lay, as already stated, from fifteen to twenty-five decimeters of coarser, more granulated sediments, all but the lower bed broken up and greatly contorted. These reached almost to the summit of the mesa, which was strewn with granitic gravel and a few pebbles of lava. Specimens of these upper irregular beds, and also of the underlying- shales, were submitted to Dr. M. E. Wadsworth, of Cambridge, Massachu- setts, now of Houghton, Michigan, who caused thin sections- to be made from them and has furnished the following account of their microscopical structure : TUFA PEOM FLORISSANT. The method and scheme of classificatiou employed here is that briefly sketched in tlie Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoijlogy (vol. 5, pp. 275-287). By this system only do we think, that the inclosed fragments could be named, for they contain so few crystals that in most cases the base is the principal thing upon which the decision must rest. A. — The fisek deposit jl'st above the shales. A medium-grained gray tufa, containing crystals and fragments of feldspar, angite, etc., cemented by a tine earthy groundmass. In the thin section it is seen to be an epitome of the volcanic rocks of the Cordil- leras. The groundmass holds fragments of basalt, andesite, trachyte, and rhyolite, with detached minerals derived from them. The basaltic fragments have in part a dense globulitic base porphyritically hold- ing ledge formed plagioclase crystals and a few augite granules. Some of the basalt is quite coarsely crystallized, approaching the doleritic type. Olivine was observed in some of the fragments, but it is largely altered to a reddish-brown serpentine. Mag- netite is abundant. In mauy of the fragments the groundmass lias decomposed to a reddish-brown mass, which is untrauspareut and holds clear crystals of plagioclase. The basaltic fragments have suffered more from alteration and decomposition than any others in the tufa. Of andesite, both varieties pointed out by us (loc. cit., p. 280) occur in this tufa. The flrst, which is nearest the basalt in composition, has a brown glass as its base, filled with microlites. This base holds minute rectangular and oblong crystals of feldspar. Large microlites of augite and grains of magnetite were seen. Fragments of this are common, and are clear and unaltered. The second variety of andesite was seen to have a dense gray micro-felsitic base, holding ledge-formed feldspars and magnetite grains. Some contained the reddish-brown fibers of the destroyed hornblende. Frag- ments of this variety of andesite are quite abundant. The trachyte has a light gray, felty, and glassy base, some fragments showing be- sides this only faint traces of polarization caused by incipient feldspars. Other frag- ments show minute, well-formed crystals that appear to be saiiidiii. Grains of mag- netite occur scattered through the base. This is also quite abundant, and it, as well as the basalt and andesite, surpasses the rhyolite in amount. The rhyolite occurs in the form of a more or less clear glass, often cellular. The cells are often drawn ont in the direction of the original flow, forininga fibrous struct 24 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ure, which when of a grayish or reddish brown color resembles woody fiber. Some of the fragments contain ellipitical cells, and a few shards of water-clear glass free from inclusions were seen. Many crystals, entire or broken, are scattered throughout the groundmass of the tufa. These crystals belong to plagioclase, sanidin, olivine, magnetite, augite, and quartz. But little quartz was observed ; one crystal contained trichites and vapor cavities. The trichites are the same as those commonly seen in the quartz of granite, but this appears to have been derived from the lava. The feldspar contains inclu- sions of base, glass, and microlites, and through these the rock from which the feld- s^par was derived can often be told. The augites have the characters of andesitic augite. A little palagouite and one crystal of microline were seen. The groundmass of the tufa is composed of comminuted and decomposed material derived from the lavas before described. In the groundmass trachytic and rhyolitic material appears to predominate. This specimen was chosen for description, as it best represented the general char- acters of the tufas. B. — The coakser deposit .just above the .shales. This is more coarsely fragmental than any of the others, and is composed of a yel- lowish brown earthy groundmass, holding fragments of quartz, feldspar, basalt, etc. Some of the fragments appear to belong to the older rocks, but none of them were seen in the section. Under the microscope the tufa is similar to the first one described, but its fragments are larger and sometimes better marked. Some kaolinized feldspars and a little biotite were seen. The hornblende in the andesite is in the usual broken forms, with blackened edges. C. — A SPECIMEN' FROM FIXER PORTION OF THE UPPER CONTORTED BEDS. A yellowish earthy groundmass holding crystals and fragments of augite and feld- spar. On one side is a layer of fine detritus, composed of the same material as the groundmass of the more coarsely fragmental portion. Its microscopic characters aie similar to those of A, except that its materials are more decomposed and sanidin is more abundant. One kaolinized feldspar was observed. D. — Three specimens of the insect-shales. These are brownish and grayish brown shales, being simply the finer material of the tufas laid down in laminaj of varying thickness and coarseness. One is very thinly bedded. This volcanic material has evidently been worked over by water, but the conditions can of course best be told in the field. So far, however, as we can judge by micro- scopic examination, when the water commenced its work the material was in loose unconsolidated deposits. That it was thrown out as an ash, or rather deposited as a moya near its present location, is the most probable supposition. It seems then to have been taken up by the waves and spread out as it is now found. The reason for this opinion is that the fragments are not worn, as they would naturally be if they had been derived directly froui solid I'ock by water action, and the decomposition is not so great as we siiould expect. The deposition appears to have been gentle but compara- tively rapid, for there is no sign of violence or even of such decomposition as we should expect in slow deposition ; and showers of ashes falling on still water or a lake acting on an unconsolidated tufa bank answer best the conditions called for here, ft is THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 25 probable from the kaolinized feldspars and the macroscopic fragments of apparently older rocks that the latter are present in the tufa to some extent. This can best be explained by the supposition that it was deposited as a moya or nuulflow within reach of the waters that have worked it over and deposited it in its present position. As we said before, the field evidence must be relied upon mainly in deciding such questions as these. M, E. Wadsworth. Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 15, 1880. Another section, less cavefiilly measured and noted with less detail than the otlier, wah taken at the extremity of one of the promontories jutting in a southwesterly direction into the middle of the upper chain of lakes, alDOUt three kilometers west of the present post-office. The top of the hill was covered with granitic gravel and loose bowlders of dark scoriaceous trachyte; below this we found, passing, as before, from above downward, the following succession: SECTION IN THE NORTHWESTERN LAKE. {Bii S. II. Sciiddtr and A. Lakes.) Decimeters (estimated). 1. Finely laminated yellow-drab shales; no fossils 12 2. Coarse decomposing yellowish shales ; no fossils 12 3. Fine compact drab shales; perfect remains of plants and insects 15 4. Arenaceous shales; very lignitic 6 5. Heavily bedded, coarse-grained, crumbling sandstone, of a grayish-yellow and whitish color, be- coming ferruginous in places; partially lignitic 60 6. Chocolate and drab colored shales having a conchoidal fracture, passing below into whitish paper- like shales inclosed between coarse arenaceous lamino" ; plants and insects 45 Total thickness of shales above floor deposits. (Meters, estimated) 15 These measurements, being estimated, are undoubtedly too great. The composition of this bluff is coarser in character than that of fhe section in the southern extension of the lake. The lignitic beds, which have been used for quarrying purposes, contain numerous fragments of reeds and roots not well preserved. The lower portions of the section correspond better with the other than do the upper beds, where it is difficult to trace any correspondence ; No. 3 of the northwestern seems, however, to corre- spond to No. 16 of the southern series. The whitish paper shales lying at the base of this appear to be entirely absent from the southern section, and the distorted beds which crown the mesa are not apparent in the bluff, or, if present, are wholly regular. A more careful and detailed section of the bluff (for which we had not time), and particularly the tracing of the beds along the wall of the lake, would probably bring to light better correspond- ences. 26 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, Judging from the present physical condition of the basin, its age is marked as later than the movements which closed the Cretaceous epoch and earlier than the last upheaval in the Tertiary, which seems to have, taken place during or after Miocene times, but there are no physical data vet at hand to warrant definite conclusions on this head. , • The insects preserved in the Florissant basin are wonderfully numer- ous, this one locality having yielded in a singTe summer more than double the number of specimens which the famous localities at Oeningen, in Bava- ria, furnished Heer in thirty years. Having visited both places I can tes- tify to the greater prolificness of the Florissant beds. As a rule the Oen- ingen specimens are better preserved, but in the same amount of shale we still find at Florissant a much larger number of satisfactory specimens than at Oeningen, and the quarries are fifty times as extensive and far more easily worked. The examination of the immense series of specimens found at Floris- sant has not 3'et critically covered the whole field. It may, nevertheless, be interesting to make tlie single comparison with the Oeningen insect fauna which the number of individuals will furnish. This is indicated by the following table: Percentage of representation by — Hyoienoptera Lepidoptera . Diptera Coleoptera . . Hemiptera . . Neuroptera . . Orthoptera . . Arachnida At Flo- rissant. 40 0.04 30 13 11 5 0.25 0.25 99.54 At Oen- ingen. 14 0.1 7 48 12 17 3 0.5 101.6 It will be seen that in all the orders that are well represented the pro- portion of specimens of each is very different, with the sole exception of the Hemiptera, while the same groups (Orthoptera, Arachnida, and Lepi- doptera) are feebly represented in both. The greatest difference occurs in the Diptera, which are less than 7 per cent, of the whole at Oeningen and about 30 per cent, at Florissant; in the Hymenoptera, which have less than 14 per cent, at Oenino'en and 40 per cent, at Florissant, due largely to the THE FLOlllSSANT LAKE BASIN. 27 s/- procligious number of ants; while tlie case is reversed in Coleoptera, which A^ ' form nearly one-half the specimens found at Oeningen and only 13 i)er cent, at Florissant. We possess no count of the specimens found at Rado- boj, in Croatia, which is regrettable, since the fauna of Florissant appears to agree much better with it than with any other in one or two points, such as the comparatively minor part played by the Coleoptera and the great number of ants; these latter number fifty-seven species in Radoboj, and five hundred specimens have been found of one of them. Still the comparison can not be carried very closely into other departments; for instance, only one rhynchophorous coleopteron has been reported from Radoboj, while they are very numerous and rich in species at Florissant, and local causes must have had much to do with the fauna of each of these localities. It is hardly worth while to institute any inquiries into the proportion of the groups represented at Florissant and in amber, since the nature of the entombment is entirely difi'erent. Since so far as the Florissant in'sects are concerned only the lower orders are reported upon in the present volume, it may be worth while to present a rapid sketch of the higher orders, to complete in however imper- fect a way the partial view of the Florissant insect fauna which the volume aff'ords. About three-fifths of the Coleoptera belong to the normal series and two-fifths to the rhynchophorous division. There are eighty to ninety spec- imens of Carabidge, including, perhaps, twenty-five species; many of them are very fine and perfect, especially in the sculpturing of the elytra. Water- beetles are not so numerous as would be anticipated; indeed, there are very few specimens, with perhaps half a dozen species; there are no large species such as occur abundantly at Oeningen; the largest of our species, perhaps an Hydrophilus, not exceeding twelve millimeters in length. The Staphy- linidse are rather more numerous than tlie ground-beetles, with over thirty species, some of them tolerably large. There are half a dozen species of Nitidulidse.. Some sixty or more Scarabteidai show considerable variety, there being nearl}^ thirty species among them. Nearly as many Buprestidie have quite as great variety of form; a considerable number of them are large and nearly all fairly preserved, some remarkably perfect; one species, Chry- sobothris haydeni, has been described. Elateridae are more abundant, num- bering more than one hundred species, many of them in beautiful condi- 28 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. tion ; they are abundant in sjiecies, over fort}^ having been separated, and are mostly of a medium, none of a large, size. Considerabh' over one hundred specimens are to be referred to the Meloidpe, Mordellidce, and Mala- codermata, but the specimens do not appear to be very well preserved, although about forty species may be distinguished. The Cerambycidse are very beautiful, furnishing thirty or more specimens, representing more than half as many species ; one fine species of a new extinct genus, Parolamia rudis, has already been described, and there are others equally fine. There are a dozen or more species of Bruchidfe, one of which, Spermophagus vivi- ficatus, has been published. Chrysomelidse are not uncommon ; thus far I have recognized about two dozen species among the sixty or eighty speci- mens; one, Oryctoscirtetes protogfeus, belonging to a new genus, has already been published. Nearly twenty species of Tenebrionidpe have been separated, rarely represented by more than a single specimen each, and there are also a few (from two to ten species each) of Silphidiie, Histerid;!?, Dermestidae, Ptinidfe, and Coccinellidae, and a single sj^ecies each of Clerida? and TelephoridjTe, the latter already described under the name of Chauliog- nathus pristinus. Two specimens of Rhynchophora, Anthonomus defossus and Eurhinus occultus, have been described ; I have already mentioned the predominance of this type in opposition to the European Tertiaries ; the species are very numerous, nearl}' one hundred and twenty having been separated, with over five hundred specimens, and among them are a goodly number of large and fine species; but some of the minutest are most admi- rably preserved ; especially is this true of the sculpturing of the thorax and elytra; no attempt, however, has yet been made to do more than rudely separate the species, so that no details can now be given. Nearly a third of all the specimens I have seen from Florissant belong to the Diptera. Culicidte and ChironomidjE are abundant, but not gener- ally very perfect. Tipulidre are abundant and admirably preserved; of the larger forms alone there appear to be several hundred specimens, and apparently a considerable number of species ; the smaller Tipulida>, including the Limnobina, are also abundant and well preserved. Many beautiful Mycetophilidfe occur, probably twenty or thirty species. Bibi- onidffi are the prevailing type among the Diptera; there must be a thousand specimens belonging to this family, and on a cursory view there appears to be no great variety ; probably both here and in the ants, as in some gen- THE FLORISSANT LAKE liASIN. 29 em of" plants, it will appear that there are vast numbers of a sinj^le species ; a great many specimens are represented by bodies only, or these accom- panied by insignificant fragments of wings, but even putting all these aside there remain a goodly number with tolerably perfect wings, and some in which almost every part of the body is preserved ; taken as a whole, how- ever, they are perhaps less perfect than specimens of almost any other fam- ily. There are u dozen or more Stratiomyidjt , of two or three species, and several species of Midasida- or Hirmoneurida?, one admirable specimen of the latter family having been described as belonging to a new genus under the name of Palembolus florigerus. There are nearly half a hundred Asi- lidse and Therevidse, many of them exquisitely preserved, some of great size, and among them a fair variety of forms. Bombylidne are somewhat less abundant, but show some superb specimens of great size and in won- derful preservation ; there are certainly six or eight species. Syrphidse are more abundant than the last, nearly fifty specimens having been found in which the patterns of the abdominal colors are generally well marked, and among which we find a considerable variety; they liave been studied by one very familiar with that group. Dr. S. W. Williston, and the results of his examinations are given in his Synopsis of the North American Syrphidte (pp. 281-283), published by the U. S. National Museum. There is a vast host of Muscidas and allied groups, of Avhich no account has yet been taken, and with which no doubt many other forms are still commingled, but three or four species of very pretty Ortalidse may be mentioned with ten or a dozen specimens, and there are a large number of Empidae. A few Lepidoptera occur. The butterflies, seven in number, have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the present Geological Survey. They all represent distinct and extinct genera. Six of the seven belong to the Nymphalida?, the seventh to the Pierinse. Of the Nymphalidaj all but one are Vanessidi. The exception is of special interest, since it belongs to the Libytheinae, the family of living butterflies the most meager in numbers, though found in every quarter of the globe. To be able to add that still an eighth butterfly, found since the others were described, belongs to a second extinct genus of Libytheinjii (which I have called Barbarothea) is certainly marvelous. Besides these I have set aside about a dozen speci- mens of perhaps eight species of moths, but they are obscure, mostly of small size, perhaps Pyralidse or Tortricidse, and, excepting one described in 30 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. this work, have not been critically studied. A single caterpillar has been found, and the structure of its skin has been studied by Dr. C. S. Minot,^ but without any very satisfactory results. No Hymenoptera have yet been described. About a dozen specimens are referred to Apidse and Andrenidse ; several species are represented, but most of them are badly preserved ; the largest appears to be a Bombus. Of Vespida^ and other large wasp-like Hymenoptera about seventy or eighty specimens have been found, referable to about thirty species, one of which is a large Scolia or allied genus ; several are Sphegidae, including an Ammophila; one, which seems to be a Polistes, shows traces of a blue- green metallic tint; another', apparently one of the Pompilidfe, represents a species with a large subapical fuliginous spot on the wing; another, perhaps of the same family, has a circular clear spot in the center of the wing, sur- rounded with fuliginous. The ants are tlie most numerous of all insects at Fioi'issant, comprising, perhaps, a fourth of all the specimens; they form more than three-fourths, perhaps four-fifths, of all the Hymenoptera ; I have already about four tliousand specimens of perhaps fifty species (ver}- likely many more); they are mostly Formicida;, but there are not a few Myrmicida} and some Poneridpe. I have noticed no Mutillidfe. Ichneu- monida3 are very numerous ; of minuter forms, having an expanse of wing of less than a centimeter, there are nearly two hundred specimens, unusually well preserved; judging from a cursory examination they are exceedinglv numerous in species, perhaps eighty all told, and many genera are repre- sented; the larger forms, whose wings expand more than a centimeter, are even more numerous both in species and individuals, and most of them are very fine, including a great variety, among which are especially noticeable a good assortment of species of Pimpla and allied genera ; I have looked in vain for Pelecinus, or any long-tailed Rhyssse or Thalessae. The Bra- conida?, Chalcididre, Cynipida^, and Chrysidse, exceedingly few fossil spe- cies of which have ever been described, are very abundant, but have not been fairly separated from each otlier and from other small species; together they number nearly two hundred and fifty specimens and probably fifty species ; among others there is a Cln-ysis, showing metallic green reflections on the abdomen, and also more than half a dozen species of Chalcididse, with expanded femora, represented by over twenty specimens. ' Arch. f. mikr. Anat., vol. 28, pp. 46-47, 1886. THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 31 Finally, there are about sixty Tenthredinidge of fourteen or fifteen species and several genera, besides a single species of Uroceridse. Animal remains l^esides those of insects are rare at Florissant. The most abundant is a species of thin-shelled Planorbis, which is not uncom- mon, and always occurs in a more or less crushed condition; it is the only mollusk yet found there (excepting a Physa or allied form and a single small specimen of a bivalve, referred to above in the section from tlie south- ern lake), and according to Dr. C. A. White is probably undesci'ibed, al- though very similar to a species found in the Grreen River shales, diifering from it principally in its smaller size. Fishes rank next in numbers. Eight species have been found, belong- ing to four g'enera. Of Aniiidee we have Araia scutata and A. dictyocephala ; of Cyprinodonts, Trichophanes foliarum and T. cojjei; of Catostomida", Amyzon pandatum, A. commune, and A. fusiforme; and of Siluridae, Rhin- eastes pectinatus. All the species have been described by Cope, excepting T. copei, which was published by Osborn, Scott, and Speir. Several bird's feathers have been found in these beds, and a single tol- erably perfect passerine bird, with bones and feathers, has been described by Mr. J. A. Allen imder the name of Palpeospiza bella, and admirably illustrated by Blake. No other figure of a Florissant animal has yet been published. Besides these. Cope lias described a plover, Charedinus shep- jjardianus, and writes that a finch is also found in these beds. The plants, though less abundant than the insects, are exceedingly numerous, several thousand specimens having been studied by the late Mr. Leo Lesquereux. About one hundred and sixty species have been described or indicated, of which the apetalous plants show the larger number, sixty- eight species; the next most abundant group is the polypetalous division, forty species, the gamopetalous having twenty-five, the Coniferse eight, and the lower plants nineteen species. Among the exogenous plants the following polypetalous families are rep- resented : the Malvaceae by a rare species of Stereulia, besides some flowers with long stamens, which are referred, doubtfully, to the genus Bombax. Of Tiliacea^, a species of Tilia has been found. Of Rutacese, one species of Ailanthus and one of Xanthoxylon. No less than ten species of Rhus rep- resent the Anacardiacese, and two species each of Paliurus and Rhamnus the Rhamnacea?. The Celastracese show three species of Celastrus and one 32 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. of Celastrites, known only by a few leaves. The Sapindaceye are very numerous in individuals ; a species of Acer is represented by leaves, flowers, and fruits, but not yet described ; leaves of a Stapliylea occur with five species of Sapindus and one of Dodonsea. The flora has a large number of Leguminosae, eleven species occurring, of eight genera, Cytisus, Dal- bergia, Cercis, Podogonium, Cassia, Leguminosites, Acacia and Mimosites ; Lesquereux formerly referred some of them to Robinia and Colutea. The Rosacese show an Amygdalus, leaves of Rosa, and a species of Spirsea, with very finely preserved leaves of an Amelanchier, scarcely distinguish- able from some of the varieties of the living species. Numerous leaves of Weinmannia of three species represent the Saxifragacete, and, finally, a species of Aralia and another of Hedera, the Araliacese. Among the gamopetalous plants the Ericaceae are represented by what is probably Vaccinium reticulatum Al. Br., together with a species of An- dromeda; no less than six species of Ilex represent the Aquifoliacese; two of Diospyros, and one each of Bumelia and Macreiglitia, the Sapotacese; a sjiecies of Myrsine, so common in the European Tertiai-ies, but in our coun- try represented only by this single leaf, the Myrsinese. Convolvulaceae show two species of Porana, and the Apocynaceae a single species of Apo- cynophyllum.^ Oleacese have a flowering branch of Olea and eight species of Fraxinus, one regarded as identical with a European Tertiary plant. The apetalous angiosperms show a great variety of forms at Florissant, and among them many are referred to species from foreign Tertiaries. A species of Banksia and seven of Lomatia represent the Proteacese; a species of Pimelia the Th3-melacese ; one of Santalum the Santalacejie. Urticacese are the most numerous of all plants ; four species of Uhnus occur, one found also in the European Tertiaries; another formerly thought to be iden- tical with a second European species but now regarded as distinct, and two others, one of them found also in western Colorado ; of Celtis there is one species, whose leaves have a close affinity to the existing C. occidentalis and its Texan variety; two species of Ficus are identical with European species ; but the mass of specimens — nearly or quite one-half of all that have been brought from this locality — represent species of Planera; two species only occur, one identical with a European form; the other known only from Flo- rissant and the White River, and in the former very variable; Lesquereux ' In the text of bis last report Lesquereux refers this to Alkali, Wyomiug, but in his tabl'^ to Floris saut. THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 33 has seen at least two thousand specimens. The JuglandaeefP are repre- sented by single specimens of Pterocarya americana and Juglans thermalis, besides two other species of Juglans, one of them European, three of Carya, all European, and one Engelhardtia, also European. 1'he Cupuliferaeshow one species each of Ostrya and Castanea, three of Carpiuus, one of them European, and seven of Quercus, of which five are European species. The M3-ricacese are the next most abundant type after Planera, being represented by no less than fifteen species of Myrica, of wliich six are European. Of Betulacea? two species of Betula occur and two of Alnus, one of the latter European. Salicacesie are tolerably abundant; there are four species of Populus, all now regarded as European, though Lesquereux first looked on tliem as new ; and two peculiar species of Salix, besides four identical witli European species. Finally, there are one or two undetermined plants in this group represented by parts of flowers or seeds. Among the Coniferaj there is considerable variety, eight species occur- ring, of six genera, most of them represented in the European flora. There are, first, two species of Pinus, one European; a species of Widdringtonia; well preserved branches of a European Taxodium ; abundant remains of a European Glyptostrobus ; a couple of leaves of a European Podocarpus; as well as two species of Sequoia, one European, the other indigenous. The presence of the last-named genus is also well attested by their cones and by the remains of gigantic silicified trunks in an erect position. Finally, in the lower orders of plants the following have been found : Of the Palma?, a large specimen of a Sabal and a fruit referred to Palmo- carpon ; of tlie Aracete, a species of Acorns, first described from Spitzen- berg ; of the Typhacea?, finely preserved leaves of a Typha ; of the Naiad- acepe, two species of Potamogeton and one of Najadopsis; of the Lemna- cea?, a species of Lemna; of the Graminefe, fragments of leaves of Phrag- mites ; of Filices, numerous specimens of five genera, Sphenoiiteris, Adian- tites, Lastrpea, Pteris, and Diplazium, the last a European species; of Rhiz- ocarpa^, many specimens of two species of Salvinia ; of Musci, one species each of Fontinalis and Hj-pnum, and of Characeie, two specimens of a Chara. According to Mr. Lesquereaux, such an assemblage of [)lants indicates a climate like that of the northern shores of the Gulf of Mexico at our epoch. "The preponderance of conifers, of shrubs, ... of trees of small VOL XIII 3 34 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. size, . . . gives to the flora a general aspect which recalls that of the vegetation of uplands or valleys of mountains." Palms are almost entirely absent, only a single specimen of one species of Sabal having occurred, with a fruit of Palmocarpon. "The leaves of some species are extrenielv numer- ous, none of them crumpled, folded, or rolled, as if driven by currents, but flat, as if they had been embedded in the muddy surface of the bottom when falling from the trees or shrubs along the borders of a lake." It is remai'kable for the almost complete absence of hard fruits, and this, with the presence of flowers, of unripe carpels of elm and maple, and of well-preserved branches of Taxodium, which in the living species "are mostly detached and thrown upon the ground in winter time or early spring," led Mr Lesquereaux to believe that the deposition of tlie vegeta- ble materials took place in the spring time, and that the lake gradually dried during summer. To this we may add that the occurrence of Acorus, of Typha, and espe- cially of Potamogeton, leads to the conclusion that the water of the lake was fresh, and not saline or brackish, equally proved by the fish, according to Cope, and by the presence of larvae of Odonata and other insects whose earlier stages are passed only in fresh water. Neither the groups of fishes which have been found, nor the water-plants, nor the water-insects, nor the mollusks exclude Mr. Lesquereux's sugges- tion of the annual drying of the body of the lake ; moreover, certain thin layers are found overlying coarser deposits, which are sun-cracked through and through. But, on the other hand, the thickness of the paper shales, upon which most of the fossil remains are found, and which are composed of uniform layers of triturated flakes of volcanic products, being necessarily the result of tlie long-continued action of water, excludes this idea. The structure of the rocks rather indicates a quiet deposition of the materials in an unruffled lake tlirough long periods, inteiTupted at intervals by the influx of new lava-flows or the burying of the bottom sediments beneath heavy showers of volcanic ashes. The testimony of the few fishes to the climate of the time is not unlike that of the plants, suggesting a climate. Prof E. D. Cope informs me, like that at present found in latitude 3b° in the United States; while the insects, from which, when they are completely studied, we may certainly draw more definite conclusions, appear from their general ensemble to prove the same THE FLORISSANT LAKE BASIN. 35 or ii somewhat wamier climate. If" we inquire what testiuioii}' tlie lower orders of Florissant insects bear to the climate of that district in Tertiary times, there is only one answer to be given: the present distribution of their allies certainly points to a considerably warmer climate than now — a climate which may, perhaps, best be compared to the middle zone of our Southern States. The known living species of the genera to which they belong are in general credited to regions like Georgia in this country and the two shores of the Mediterranean in Elurope, or even more southern districts. Further remarks on this point will be found in the body of the volume. As noted above, the superabundance of specimens of single species of plants (Planera and Myrica) is repeated in the insects, where certain spe- cies of Formicidaj among Hymenoptera, of Bibionida? among Diptera, of Cercopida and of Alvdina among Hemiptera, are to be counted by fifties and hundreds. The only other general feature which may already be noted among the insects is an unexpected paucity of aquatic larvae or the imagos of water-insects. Hardly a dozen neuropterous larvge have come to hand, very few aquatic Hemiptera in any stage, and of HydrophilidjE and other water beetles no great number. The paucity of neuropterous larvae is the more remarkable from the abundance of Phryganida;, while not a single larva-case has been found. As to the age of these deposits, the opinions of Lesquereux, based on the study of .Tertiary plants, and of Cope, drawn from his knowledge of Tertiary fishes, are far more harmonious than one would expect from their known divergence of view concerning the testimony of the fossils to the age of other Tertiary beds in the West. Such disparity of ideas did hold at first, Mr. Lesquereux maintaining in his earlier notices of the flora the probability of its later Miocene age ; in the Tertiary Flora he placed it in the " Upper Green River" division T)f his "fourth group," together with the flora of P^lko, Nevada, the Green River beds being placed directly beneath them. In Hayden's report for 1876 he refers the Florissant deposits lo the u[)per Miocene. In his review of Saporta's Monde des Plantes,' while still considering this flora as Miocene, he points out certain important relations which it bears to the flora of Aix, in Provence, then considered as Eocene. ' Amer. Jour. Sci., sev. :!, vol. 17, l5i79, p. 2'9. 36 TEETIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, But later, after a more careful revision, drawn from more extended sources, he writes that while, by the presence of many genera, "there is an evident relation of the Florissant flora with that of the European Miocene, yet by the affinities and even identity of some of the species with those of the flora of the gypsum of Aix, which, according to Saporta, includes types related to those of the whole extent of the Tertiaries from the upper Cretaceous to the Oligocene and above, 1 should rather refer this group to the lower Mio- cene or Oligocene." Both Lesquereux and Cope agree in placing the Florissant beds at the same horizon as those of Elko, Nevada, and also those directly above the Fish-cut beds at Green River, Wyoming. Lesquereux has identical species also from White River, Colorado, among specimens communicated by Mr. Denton. Cope calls the Florissant and Elko deposits the Amyzon beds, from the prevalence of that type of fish, and refers them to the "later Eocene or early Miocene." Mr. Clarence King places the Green River deposits in the middle Eocene, but considers the Elko deposits of the same age. We may therefore provisionally conclude, from the evidence afforded by the plants and vertebrates, that the Florissant beds belong in or near the Oli- gocene. At present no geological conclusions can be drawn from what is known of the insects. So far as specific and generic determinations has proceeded, scarcely anything identical has been found in the Green River and Floris- sant beds, but some remarkable affinities have been noticed. To attempt, liowever, to draw any conclusion as to the age of either of these deposits, and especially of that of Florissant, before a closer examination is made \A'0uld be folly. Almost the entire series of fossil insects from the beds of Aix, Oeningen, and Radoboj requires a careful generic revision, and until this is done it will be difficult to make much use of the information given us in the works of European authors. This should not be considered as reflecting upon the character of these works, for ir must be remembered that they were nearly all completed thirty yeai's ago and could not be expected to meet present demands. It is, indeed, probal)le tiiat the richer American fields, the exploitation of which has only just begun, may 3"et he found the best basis for the study of the relationship of the Tertiary insect faunas of Europe. White River. — Fossil insects were first discovered on the lower White River in western Colorado and eastern Utah by Mr. William Denton during OTHEK TERTIARY INSECT LOCALITIES. ,37 his passage down the river on horseback in 1S65, and his brief and cursor\- account of the geological structure of the region is, I believe, the first ami only one until the parties of the Hayden Survey entered the region ten or more years later. Brief rej)orts of the geological and topographical character of the country were made by Drs. C A. White and F. M. Endlich, and Messrs. G. B Chittenden and G. R. Bechler. None of these, however, obtained any insects, excepting Dr. White, who in a single locality found a few poor specimens. On a visit to the place in the summer of 1889, how- ever, I was able to rediscover the beds in which they were found by Mr. Denton east of the Colorado-Utah line, and to greatly extend the stations at which they could be found. In the two localities on the lower White River where Denton found fossil insects, "Chagrin Valley" and "Fossil Canon," as he called them, the general topographical features were the same, bluffs or buttes of a thousand or more feet in thickness being composed of evenly bedded stratified deposits. "Chagrin Valley " must be identified with the valley of Douglas Creek, though it was not here but five or six miles lower down the White River that Denton really obtained his fossils, at a point where, to one traveling westward, Green River beds first appear in mass and are readily accessible, probably in the immediate vicinity of Canon Butte, where the old Indian trail on the south side of the river cuts off a siiarp bend- and passes directly over many favorable outcrops. It was in fact at pre- cisely this })lace that I obtained from the rocks collections agreeing most closely in general appearance and character with those secured by Denton This locality is in Colorado a few miles east of the Utah boundary. His other locality is represented by him to be fifty or sixty miles farther down the river, but still at some distance from its mouth. The distance is no doubt exaggerated, and the locality on the north side of the river, certainly in Utah, not improbably near the mouth of Red Bluff Wash. I made no •search for this place. It may in brief be said that the Green River beds in the bluffs on each side of the White River Canon near the boundary line between Utah and Colorado, but especiall}^ on the northern side, are filled for over a thousand feet with insect remains; the highest and the lowest beds respectively yielded me the best results, but hardly a level could be found where patient search did not reveal some relics, though perhaps of no value; the more prolific beds were oftentimes simply crammed with remains, frequently in 38 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. an exquisite state of preservation. Vegetable remains, excepting of a very fragmentary nature, were rare, and most of the insects, like those obtained by Denton, of a small size; excepting, indeed, dipterous larva?, which were found in quite incredible numbers, square rods of stone near the higher levels being absolutely covered with them in multitudes of places. The insects obtained by Mr. Denton and Dr. White at these localities are all included in the present volume, but no reference is made to those found by myself in 1889. The age of the deposit can hardly be said to be as yet determined, but the leaves found by Mr. Denton (presumably at "Fossil Canon") were regarded by Mr. Lesquereux as more certainly synchronous with those of Florissant than with those of the Green River beds, and in any event all three are of very nearly the same age. Green River, Wyoming. — All the insects described in this volume from Green River were obtained at a single spot, next what is known as the Fish- Cut, where the railway cuts througli the rocks, about three or four kilome- ters west of the crossing of Green River. Even here tliey have been found only within the compass of one or two square meters of ground, and by repeated visits this "pocket" has now been entirely chipped away. There is no doubt that other equally prolific pockets will he found in the same immediate vicinity, especially in the more favorable exposures east of the river, as one such was found during the summer of 1889. It is by no means improbable that the beds at this locality and those at White River may prove to belong to the floor of one and the same Tertiary lake to which King gave the name of Gosiute Lake. About one hundred and fift}' different insects have been found here, besides many others not yet described. They are most commonly Coleoptera, this order being represented by full}^ one-third of the species Hemiptera and Diptera come next with almost equal representation, or about twenty-three per cent each. Next come the Hymnoptera witli eight per cent. The other orders are about equally and meagerly represented, the Lepidoptera not at all. Fossil, Wyomiiif). — A few species of insects have been found in the l)luffs feeing the town of Fossil at the head of Twin Creek, a tributary of Bear River, bluffs which are famous for the immense number of fossil fish they have furnished. As a rule the insects are scarce, and, like the fish, belong to a very limited number of species, in this case mostly Coleoptera and Diptera. In the j)resent work only two or three are mentioned. OTHER TERTIARY INSECT LOCALITIES. 39 Horse Creek, Wyomhifj. — At a point three miles south of this creek, which empties into the Green River from the west near its source, and about two miles west of Green River, a thin, hard layer of Avhite limestone was found by Dr. A. C. Peale covered with petrified larval cases of caddis- flies, which are described below under the name of Indusia calculosa. Quesnel, British Columbia. — The discovery of the different localities for fossil insects in British Columbia by the Geological Survey of Canada has been due entirely to the investigations of Dr. George M. Dawson. On the left bank of th-e Fraser River, at the town of Quesnel, he discovered a series of clays, sands, and gravels, their upturned edges covered by the valley deposits, in one of which series (a stratum of fire-clay eight or nine inches thick) insects and plants were found, the beds being exposed on the river bank at a low stage of the water. Nearly twenty species of plants were met with, mostly of apetalous families in the neighborhood of the Cupuli- ferae, such as the beech, walnut, oak, birch, and ])oplar, and a considerable number of insects. Such of these as are included in the present report con- sist of twenty-five species, nearly all Hymenoptera and Diptera, and espe- cially the latter, and, what is very unusual, onl}? a single beetle. Sir Will- iam Dawson, who determined the plants, regarded them as to a great extent identical with those from the Miocene of Alaska, but adds : " Whether the age of these beds is Miocene or somewhat older may, how- ever, admit of doubt." Apart from an uncharacteristic egg-cocoon of a spider, none of the insect remains can be regarded as identical with any found elsewhere. Nicola, North Similkameen, and Nine Mile Creek, British Columhia. — The other localities at which remains of insects have been found, though in smaller numbers, lie at no great distance apart to the south of Quesnel and south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near our own border. One of these localities is upon the Nicola River, two miles above its junction with the Coldwater, at the base of a series of beds containing coal. Another is on the North Fork of the Similkameen River, three miles from its mottth; the beds here, on the bank of the river, "include a layer of lignite about a foot thick, which rests in black, rather earthy, carbonaceous clays, and is overlain by fifteen feet or more of very thinl}- bedded almost paper-like yel- low gray siliceous shales," which contain plants and insects. The third is on Nine Mile Creek, flowing into Whipsaw Creek, a tributary of the Similka- 40 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. meen, where a small section of hard laminated clays occurs witli layers of softer arenaceous clay. Seven species were obtained from the first-named localit}', five from the second, and four from the third. The Nicola localitv is remarkable for yielding only Coleoptera; from Nine Mile Creek come three species of Coleoptera and one of Hemiptera; while the Similkameen locality, like Quesnel, affords us Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera — three species of the last — but no Coleoptera. 'Jliere can be no doubt. Dr. Dawson informs me, "that the specimens from the North Similkameen and Nine IMile Creek represent deposits in different portions of a single lake. A silicifying spring, probably thermal, must, however, have entered the lake near the first-named place, as evidenced by the character of some of the beds, in which fragments of plants, with a few fresh-water shells, have been preserved." The insects of each locality are specifically distinct from those of any of the others As to their age, Dr. Dawson, the only geologist who has studied them, remarks that we shall "probably err little in continuing to call the Tertiary deposits of the interior as a whole Miocene, and in correllating them with the beds attributed to the same period to tlie south- ward in the basin lymg east of the Sierra Nevada." Scarhoro, Ontario. — In the vicinity of Toronto, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, Mr. George J. Hinde has discovered vegetable and animal remains in thin seams in clay beds which he regards as interglacial, lying as thev do upon a morainal till of a special character and overlain by till of another and (piite distinct kind. His account of the locality and the reasons for his conclusions have been given l)y him in full.' Among the material found by him wa.s a considerable number of the elytra and other parts of beetles, an assemblajre indeed larger than has ever before been found in such a deposit in any part of the world, and they are mostly in excellent condi- tion. Twenty-nine species have been obtained, some of them in consider- aljle numbers. Five families and fifteen genera are represented ; they are largely Carabidse, there being six or seven species each of Platynus and Pterostichus and species also of Patrobus, Bembidium, Loricera, and Elaph- rus. The next family in importance is the Staphylinidpe, of which there are five genera, Geodromicus, Arpedium, Bledius, Oxj^porus, and Lathro- bium, each with a single species. The Hydrophilidse are represented by Hydrochus and Helophorus, each with one species ; and the Chrysomelidse ' Cauadian Jour. Sci., new series, vol. 15, 1887, pp. 388-413. OTHER TERTIARY INSECT LOCALITIES. 41 by two species of Donacia. Finally, a species of Scolytidte must have made certain borings under the bark of juniper. Most of these are described and figured in the present volume. Looking at them as a whole and noting the distribution of the species to which they seem to be most nearly I'elated, they are plainly indigenous to the soil, but would perhaps be thought to have come from a somewhat more northern locality than that in whicli they were found ; not one of them can be referred to existing species, but the nearest allies of not a few of them are to be sought in the Lake Superior and Hudson Bay region, while the larger part are inhabitants of Canada and the northern United States, or the general district in which the deposit occurs. Li no single instance were any special affinities found with any characteristically simtliern forms, though several are most nearly allied to species found there as well as in the north. A few seem to be most nearly related to Pacific forms, such as the Elaphrus and one each of the species of Platynus and Pterostichu.s. On the whole, the fauna has a boreal aspect, though by no means so decidedly boreal as one would anticipate under the circumstances. Port Kennedy, PenmijJvtnud. — The only locality remaining to be noticed is Port Kennedy, in southeastern Pennsylvania, where the clays in the bone caves have furnished about a dozen species of Coleoptera, described bv Dr. G. H. Horn, in 1870, but now first figured. His descriptions are reprinted in the present Avork, with the results of my own study of the same material. DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Myi'iapoda from the Tertiary rocks are almost unknown, a single species a little larger than ours having been figured by Bertkau from Eott under the name of lulus antiquus Heydeii. Other species have been indicated. Serres, for instance, speaks of one found near Montpellier, allied to the living I. sabulosus, and this mention has been quoted by Meyer, Keferstein, and Geinitz. Hope also catalogues one from Aix, and Cotta mentions one, per- haps I. terrestris, from Tharand, Saxony, which is probably a recent inclosure, and is quoted by Brulld and Berendt. Besides these diplopods Hope catalogues a Scolopendra from Aix, and Keferstein, on the authority of Aldrovandi, mentions a Scolopendra from Glarus, in Switzerland. Tlie Baltic amber, however, contains a considerable number of species, twenty di]jlopods having been recorded and most of them described, belong- ing to the genera Craspedosoma (seven species), Polyxenus (five species), lulus (four species), and Euzonus, Lophonotus, Blaniulus, and Polydesmus (one species each). The chilopods have a less number of species, fifteen, representing the genera Lithobius (eight species), Geophilus (three species), and Cermatia and Scolopendra (two species each). All these genera excepting Euzonus are represented among living forms. The single species found in America belongs to the diplopods. (No- vember, 1881.) Order IDIPLOPOID^ Gervais. Family lULlD^E Leach. As in the case of the Rott species described by Bertkau, the form described below is only referred to the genus lulus in a broad sense, its preservation being very defective. It is smaller than the European species. 43 44 TEKTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. lULUS Linne'. lULUS TELLIJSTER. PI. 6. Pig. 15. Iiilus teUitsfer Sourtder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, 1878, p. 776. The single specimen is so frag-nientary tliat it can only be referred to lulus in a broad generic sense. The piece is composed of ten or twelve segments, probably from near the middle of the body, lying in a straight line and crushed, with no trace of any appendages. The segments appear to be composed of a short anterior and a larger posterior division, each independent])' and very slightly arched; the posterior division is about twice as long as the anterior, and each is transversely, regularly, and very finely striate, parallel to the anterior and posterior margins of the segments. The foramina can be detected on some of the segments, and by their aid the width of the body can ])e more accurately determined. As crushed, the body is 2.3""" broad, but its probable true width is l-.O""", while tlie segments are each about 0.8""" long; the fragment pre- served measures 8.5 "*"* long. Green River, Wyoming, one specimen, No. Ifii, F. 0. A. Richard.son. The object represented on PI. 12, Fig. 1, was at one time thought to be a myriapod and accordingly figured, but e.\amination proved it to be the broken section of the cone of Sequoia, not uncoramonl)^ found at Florissant. ARA^CHMIDES Latreille. Up to the present writing a little more than two hundred and Hfty species of Arachnides have been described as found in Tertiary deposits. ( )t these about one hundred and ninety are true spiders, while the reniaindei- are mostly Acarina (thirty-seven species), Opiliones (eleven species), or Cher- netidas (nine species). All but a single species, Aranea Columbia', described below, are from European beds, and nine-tenths of them are preserved to us in the Eocene amber. Were this means of restoring the ancient Tertiary fauna unknown to us, our information at the present day would be based upon twenty-four species, although in addition to these half a dozen more are indicated by simple reference to genera or families. This number is already exceeded by those described below from a single localit}-, Florissant alone having yielded more than thirty species. Whether we examine the Ameri- can or European species preserved in stratified deposits we find an almost total absence of any but true spiders or Araneides; in each (including the one herewith figured) a single species of Acarina has been described, though a number of others are credited without description to European strata. In Prussian amber, on the contrary, though Araneides are vastly in the majority, the other groups of Arachnides form 27 per cent of the entire number of species, distributed mainly in tlie three groups mentioned above. This greater proportion of true Araneides in Tertiary deposits, a pro- portion exaggerated at the present day, can scarcely be well compared to what we find in the older deposits, from the extreme paucity of their remains in the latter. Brodie has found only a single species (which he considers a true araneid) in the secondary strata of England, and the European Jura has furnished merely half a dozen arachnids (nominal species, perhaps reducible to four), of which only a single one is referable to tlie Araneides, Hasseltides, considered one of the Agalenides by Weyenbergh. In the paleozoic formations, again, a dozen species are known, all I)ut tln-ee of which have been considered scorpions, Phrynidae or Chernetidae, or else placed in their vicinity, while one of the other three has not been placed 45 46 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. by its describer among the true spiders, but named Arthrolycosa only from its somewliat marked araneid features. The remaining two are con- sidered by their describers as true araneides and seem to be the only true precursors of this group known to us from the paleozoic rocks; the propor- tion therefore of the Araneides to other Arachnides is reversed between Paleozoic and Cenozoic times. In the present volume we are able to more than double the number of Arachnides (apart from the amber inclosures) which are hitherto known from Tertiary strata, and, as we shall see further on, hnd some interesting points of comparison between the European and American spider fauna of Tertiary times. (February, 1881.) Since the above was written the number of known Paleozoic Arach- nides has greatly increased and a large proportion of theih have been placed in a distinct order, Anthracomarti Karsch, with eight or ten genera. (Octo- ber, 18H9.) In the classification of the remains of these animals, from the almost complete absence of such characteristic parts as the details of the structure of the ocelli and palpi, it has been impossible to do much more than to indi- cate the probable affinities of the species to living types by means of the general resemblances which the form of the cephalothorax and abdomen and the relative length of the legs furnish. In a few instances these can hardly fail to furnish us with sufficiently clear evidence, while in others the reference is plainly open to a greater or less degree of doubt, which it is hoped future material will eventually extinguish. Order J^CJ^TilNJ^ ISTitzsch. Acarina are by no means rare in Tertiary deposits, the group being better represented than any other Arachnides excei)ting the true spiders, and it is quite in keeping with this fact that the only arachnid yet discov- ered in the American strata not belonging to the Araneides should fall in this group. Yet the group is unrepresented even in Mesozoic strata, while the scorpions and their allies, nearly unknown in Tertiary beds, are pro- portionally abundant in earlier times. The amber of the Baltic is partic- ularly rich in Acarina, thirtv-five species being recorded therefrom, while apart from the Arant'idtis this group is almost if not (piite the only one rep- resented in the stratified deposits of Europe; feebly represented, indeed, ARACHNIDES— ACAEINA. 47 for we have only one species (referred to Limnochares) described by Hey- den from Rott; another from the same locaHty l)ased upon leaf-galls and called Phytoptus antiquus, and a third indicated merely (Aearus) by Heei-, as found at Oeningen. (November, 1881.) Gourret has latterly described among the arachnids of Tertiaiy Aix a couple of genera of Acarina with one species each which he regards as belonging to the Trombidid*. (October, 1889.) IXODES Latreille. No fossil species have before been refei'red to this genus or anywhere near it. The nearest is Aearus, which is only distantly related, belonging indeed to a distinct subfamily. The species of Ixodes, like other ticks, bury themselves in the flesh of animals to suck their blood. (November, 1881.) Ixodes tertiarius. PI. 6, Fig. 12. Ixodes tertiarius Scudder, Zittel, Handb. d. Palieont., I, ii, 733, Fig. 906 (1885). Although there are few definite salient points in the structure of the single specimen known, its general appearance and its size make it tolerably evident that it belongs to the Ixodidae or Ricini and probably to Ixodes proper. The body is of a very regular ol)ovate form, twice as long as broad, with a slight indication of a frontal shield of a triangular shape (not represented in the plate and perhaps illusory), formed by two sulcations meeting at right angles and terminating just within the front pair of legs on either side. The ro.sti-um is not preserved, but the right palpus (])Oorly given on the plate) is slender and 0.2""" long, or rather projects beyond the body to that amount. Nearly all the legs are present, but the hinder legs of the left side have been crowded out of place and appear on the right side below those which properly belong there, and which apparently are the upper four there seen. The legs are apparently complete, except the terminal appendages, as they all taper rather rapidly at the end, after the manner of ticks; they are stout, short, and of similar length, extending beyond the body by about the width of the latter. Length of body, 3.5"""; breadth of same, 1.75""". Fish-Cut, Green River, Wyoming. Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 258. 48 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Order ^^.R^NEIDES Latreille. As stated above, by far the larger part of the fossil Arachiiides known are true spiders, about one hundred and ninety species having been described from the Tertiary deposits of Europe, and more than thirty being- added to the total list in this volume. These last are distributed among; the larger groups as follows: SaltigradjB (all Attides), three; Citigrada?, none; Laterigrada?. (all true Thomisides), three; TerritelariiT?., none; Tubi- telaria^ (Agalenides, one; Drassides, five; Dysderides, two) — eight; Retlte- lariaj (all Theridides), four; Orbitelaria?. (all Epeirides), fourteen^ thirty- two. By this it appears that nearly half are Epeirides, and that after these the Drassides are best represented. A comparison of this result with the fossil spiders of Europe is shown by the following table, in which the per- centages of the groups represented are compared in each country with the total representation in each : Pirveiitaijes of ijronps of Tertiarij spiders in, Europe and in .-imerica. Suborders. SaltigradiB . Laterigradie TubitelariiB- Retitelaria) . Orbitelaria'.. Percentage. Europe. America. 8 9 16 9 36 24 29 12 8 ' 44 98 This shows that America is far the richer in Orbitelaria", and Europe much better represented in Retitelarije, less but still considerably better in Laterigradpe and Tubitelarise, while the Saltigradse have an almost equiv- alent re))resentation in the two countries. If, however, we eliminate from the inquiry the species entombed in amber, and compare only those recovered from the rocks in which they have been preserved, we shall reach perhaps a more just comparison, although the data will be far more meager, America with its thirty-two species being actually better represented than Europe with its twenty-two species, all belonging to the same five larger groups which are represented in America. AEACHNIDES— ARANEIDES. 49 Percentages of groups of Tertiary spiders in Europe and America, excluding those found in amber. Suborders. Percentage. Europe. America. 0..'-) 20 23 41 14 9 9 24 12 44 Tubilelari;c 98. .'■) 98 The excess of proportion in America of Orbitelarise is here nearly as great as is shown in the former table, but is not so great as the now height- ened proportion in Europe of Retitelarige, while the Tubitelariae are now the ones in which tlie proportion is similar in each, the Laterigradge the only one where the proportion remains nearly the same as before, and the Saltigradaj are nearly lost sight of in Europe, a single species being known. If now we carry the analysis a little further we shall find more inter- esting relations, as will appear from the following table, in which all the groups represented in Europe are introduced, and both the total fauna and the species from the strata tabulated : Number of species of Tertiary spiders found in Europe and in America, by families. Suborders. Families. In Europe, iucluding those in amber. In Europe, excluding those in amber. In America. Saltigrad® Attides ... .... 14 2 3 4 21 (> 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 n 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 5 1 0 0 0 4 Citigradie LycosoidiB Uncertain Theraphosoidai Dy.sderides Tubitelarite ..--. 14 I 0 38 2 12 3 3 ! 0 2 0 1 1 0 r)4 9 Retitelarise Uncertain Scytodoidae Orbitelariae Epeirides IG 3 ' 14 1 VOL Xllt- 50 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, Here it appears at a glance that exactly the same groups are represented in the stratified deposits of Europe and America in every instance, except- ing the Dysderides, which is unrepresented in Europe and has a single member in America. It also appears that only those groups which are represented abundantly in amber (and all of them) are also represented to some extent in the American fauna and (excepting, as before, the Dysder- ides) in the European rocks. Exception should perhaps be made for the European amber genus Archsea, the position of which in the Laterigradse is uncertain, and of which Thorell says: "This genus may ))erhaps for the present best be taken as the type of a separate family" of Laterigradse (European spiders, p. 232). Six species are known, and they are classed above as uncertain. The relation brouolit out in this table is ceiiainlv striking, but it should be noticed at the same time that the Drassides and Theridides, and especially the latter, are enormously represented in the Bal- tic amber, and in comparison with them (though not by any means to the same extent in comparison with the other groups) feebly represented in the stratified deposits of Europe and America. We may venture one further investigation, although little weight can be given to it from the meagerness of the data, viz, a comparison of the per- centage of representation of the diff'erent larger groups in the diff'erent horizons of Tertiary times in Europe with that of Florissant, where all the American sjiecies so far known have been found. Percentage of groups of Tertiary spiHera of Florissant, Colorado, compared with those of Europe, Suborders. Saltigradae .. Laterigradfe . TubitelarijE . Retitelaria; . . OrbitelarisB . . Florissant. 9 9 24 12 44 98 Amber and Aix; Ligu- rian (Oligo- cene). 9 1() 37 28 8 98 Rott ; Aquitanian (Lower Miijocene). 0 13 25 37 25 Oeningeu ; Tortonian (Upper Miocene). 0 30 30 30 10 100 100 As this table shows so great a difference between the percentage of representation in the Oligocene and Lower Miocene of Europe that it can scarcely prove very instructive, it still seems to indicate a greater difference between the Florissant deposits and those of Oeningen than between the AEACHNIDES— ARANEIDES. 51 former and either of the others ; and although the proportionate numbers of Tubitelariae and Orbitehxrije of Florissant and especially of the former group are more nearly like those of Rott, the representation of the groups in general allies Florissant on the whole with the Oli^ocene rather than with the Lower Miocene of Europe. Of extinct genera there have certainly been proposed a very large num- ber for the European Araneidiie, more than half the genera to which the species have been referred having been described as new and peculiar to Tertiary times; these genera include about two-fifths of the species. Among the genera are some remarkable forms, such as Archsea and Mizalla, each ot which is considered by Thorell and others as representing a distinct family.' Two only of the thirteen genera to which the American species are referred are described as new, and to them are referred seven of the thirty-two species. Other genera, not before recognized in a fossil state, but here recorded from American strata, are Titanoeca, Tetragnatha, and Nephila. To enter into details, seventy-one genera of Araneidte have been described from the Tertiaries, sixty-six from Europe, and thirteen (below) from America, eight being common to both. Of these seventy-one genera thirty- seven are accounted sxtinct, thirty-five from Europe, and two from America, none of these being found in both countries. The European genera are, as may be supposed, largely composed of amber species, no less than fifty- two, including thirty-two extinct genera, being confined to amber deposits, besides others which they possess in common with the stratified beds. If it be asked what indications the fossil spiders of Floris.sant give as to the climate of that district in Tertiary times, there is but one answer which can be given: that the present distribution of their allies certainly points to a considerably warmer climate than now, a climate which may perhaps best be compared to the middle zone of our Southern States. The known living species of the genera to which they belong are in general credited to regions like Georgia in this country and the two shores of the Mediterranean in Europe ; but our own species are so little known that nothing can be said very definitely upon their immediate relationship with exotic or indigenous forms. The presence of species of Theridium, Linyphia, Tethneus, and Epeira, including two-fifths of the species, has no special significance, but Thomisus, Segestria, Clubiona, Anyphsena, and Titanoeca, and especially ' A good critical review of the described fossil species of Araneides will be found in Thorell's Euro- pean Spiders, pp. 223-233. 52 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Parattus, Tetragnatha, and Nephila certainly present an ensemble the indi- cations of which can not be overlooked. (November, 1881.) Since the above was written a notable addition to our knowledge of" the Arachnides of Tertiary Europe has been made by Gourret in a paper on those of Aix, in which among others eighteen species of Araneides are described, including EresoidsE (two species), Lycosoidfe (two species), TheraphosoidiB (one species), Dysderides (one species), Hersilioidse (two species), Urocteoidse (two species), Enyoidaj (one species), none of which families had before been found in European rocks, and the last two not even in amber. (October, 1889.) In the measurements of legs in the Araneides the length of the femur is the distance of the apex of the femur beyond the margin of the cephalo- thorax, no account being taken of the coxa, unless it is specially mentioned; so too the first joint of the tarsus, which according to arachnologists is con- solidated with the tibia, is here regarded (in the measurements) as a part of the tibia, and the second and third joints of the tarsi are alone measured as tarsi, except when, as in Tethneus hentzii and Thomisus defossus, separate account is taken of them. Suborder SALTIGRAD^ Latreille. As in the north temperate zone to-day, so in Tertiary times, the two families of Saltigradf^, Attides and Eresoida^, are very unequally represented in species, only two fossil species of the latter family being known against seventeen of the former. The two Eresoidse are amber species; of the Attides, thirteen are known from amber, one from Aix in Provence, and three from Florissant, Colorado, described below. (November, 1881.) Since this was written Gourret has described one species of each of these t\Vo families from Aix. Family ATTIDES Koch. The fossil species of this family of jumping spiders hitherto recorded are all confined to the Prussian amber excepting one, a species referred to a new genus, Attoides, described by Brongniart from Aix. The amber species are referred to four genera, Euophrys (one), Gorgopis (five). Pro- petes (five), and Steneattus (one), besides an undescribed species referred by Menge to Salticus. The species of Gorgopis were formerly referred to Phidippus, a genus richly represented to-day in North America, and it ARACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— SALTIGRAPJ3. 53- is tlierefore interestiiio- to notice that the three species described below and referred to a new and aberrant genus of the family, Parattus, are more nearly related to Gorgopis than apparently to any other known, and that the amber genus contains nearly one-half of the species of this family pre- served in Europe from Oligocene times. The species of this family are spread all over the world, both in tropical and temperate regions, but seem to be comparatively rare in Africa south of the desert. (Novembei*, 1881.) Gourret has added another species from Aix, referred to an extinct genus, Attopsis. PARATTUS, gen. nov. {yrdpo?, arroo). The three species here referred to the Attoidse seem to belong to a dis- tinct genus allied to Gorgopis of the Prussian amber, in that the posterior eyes are placed far behind the others, but differing markedly from that, as from all members of the family, so far as I know, in two points: (1) The exterior eyes of the first row are placed a little in advance of the median pair of the same row, and (2), more particularly, they are as large as or scarcely smaller than these median eyes. The anterior I'ow, therefore, is formed of four very large, nearly equal and nearly equidistant eyes, arranged in a gentle curve opening forwai'd; the eyes of the second row, so far as known, are minute and situated within and behind and in close proximity to the median eyes of the anterior row, while those of the third row, so far as known, are of medium size, placed at a greater or less dis- tance apart in the middle of the cephalothorax, as in the American genus Phidippus and the amber Gorgopis. The American genus Phidippus is confined to the warmer ^^arts of the continent and to a large extent to the tropics, so that the presence of this somewhat allied genus indicates, so far as such analogy indicates anything, a warmer climate in early times for Florissant. Table cf the species of Parattus. Cephalothorax and ahdoraen well rouuded, with convex sides 1. P. resiirrertiis. Cephalothorax quadrate, with nearly straight sides. Small species; cephalothorax less than twice as long as broad ; abdomen quadrate. .2. P.evocatits. Large species; cephalothorax more than twice as long as broad; abdomen round ...3. P. latitatiis. 1. Parattus resurrectus. PI. 11, Fig. 26 ( 9 ?). Cephalothorax broad oval, subquadrate, the sides gently convex, the two ends broadly rounded; front regularly semicircular; the two middle eyes of the anterior row very large, circular, situated just behind the front edge; the lateral eyes of the same row nearly or quite as large, cii'cular, 54 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. forming with these a very slightly curved row, opening forwards, of equi- distant eyes. Eyes of second row from one-eighth to one-tenth the size of those of the first row, situated behind and within the middle anterior pair, so that lines drawn througli the middle of the large and small ones would meet in a right angle behind the small ones and leave them distant from each other by about their own diameter; the outer edge of either of the small ones is behind the inner edge of one of the large ones; the eyes of the third row are not discernible on either of the specimens, and on one the lateral eyes, on the other the eyes of the second row, can not be seen. Palpi of the male with the tip very large, conchiform, as if made of three whoi'ls, the middle twice as large as the other two together and sub- globose, the terminal small and globular. Only one palpus is exposed, but the other may partially be seen through the cephalothorax. Abdomen shoil ovate, somewhat larger than the cephalothorax, being somewhat longer and slightly broader, suhacuminate at tip, with a pair of short styles darkest in a broad mediodorsal band. Legs moderately long and slender, subequal, not greatly tapering, furnished throughout and rather abundantly with generally alternate, divergent, long, and tapering spines, fully as long as the width of the joint from which they rise. Length of body, ^HS-"™; cephalothorax, 2"" ; abdomen, 2.85""°; width of cephalothorax, LG™"; abdomen, 1.7"™; longer axis of middle section of palpal swelling, 0.8""; length of whole sweUing, 1.45."°"; length of first pair of legs, 5.5""°; second pair, 5.5""; third pair, 4"" (?) ; fourth pair, 4.75"". Excepting in the palp the measurements are those of the female. One of the specimens is a male; the other, the palpi of which are not preserved, is judged to be a female merely from its variation from the other in its larger abdomen. The species is readily distinguished from the others by the rounded outline of the cephalothorax both on the sides and on the strongly convex front. Florissant. One of palpi beyond corselet, 3.5""; length of first pair of legs, 10"'"; its femora, 3""; tibife, 1.5""; tarsi, 5.5""; second pair, 9.5""; femora and tibije, 3.75""; tarsi, 5.75"""; third pair, fi.6""; femora and tibia, 2.6""; tarsi, 4""; fourth pair, 10.2""; femora, 2.4""; tibiae, 2""; tarsi, 5.8"". Florissant. Two 2, Nos. 205, and 1.806 and 1.818 of the Princeton col lections. Family DRASSIDES Sundevall. This family is richly represented in Tertiary species ; indeed, except- ing Tiieridides, more richly than any other family of Araneides, being repre- sented in Europe by the genera Anatone (three species), Clnbiona (eight species), Macaria (five species), Melanophora (five species), Pythonissa (ten species), and Sosybius (two species), as well as by one species each of Anyphgena, Drassus, Erithus, Heteromma, and Idmonia. Every one of these are amber species, excepting one Clubiona and one Macaria from Oeningen. Our own fauna has besides this yielded four species of Clubiona and one of Anyphfcna, both genera represented in amber, and one also at Oeningen. Tiie present distribution of the species of this family is over the whole world, but the borders of the Mediterranean, eastern Europe, and western South America appear to be far the most richly represented. Some of the genera are confined to one or the other of these regions and nearly all to warm temperate regions. (November, 1881.) CLUBIONA Latreille. A number of species appear to fall here, although it is difficult to tell whether they should not rather be referred to the lycosoid genus Dolo- medes or its vicinity, so uncertain are the clews we have to their real posi- tion; until more satisfactory specimens can be obtained they may be placed here, the more so as the species all bear some resemblance to the amber spiders referred to the same genus, C. evei'sa to C. tomentosa, C. arcana to C. sericea and C. lanata, C. latebrosa to C. attenuata, and C. ostentata to C. microphthalma. The Oeningen species seems to be very diff"erent, with its rounded abdomen. Very few genera of spiders are so richly endcfwed with fossil species as this, Theridium indeed being the only one which surpasses it, and next to it comes Pythonissa, a genus of the same family as this. The genus is widely spread in modern times. A few species are common throughout the greater part of Eui-ope, others are confined to the Mediter- ARACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— TUBITELAEI^. 63 ranean region, a very few are found in the East Indies, and a very large number are i-eported from Chili; the genus is therefore mostly confined to warm temperate regions. (November, 1881.) Table of the species of Clubiona. Cephalothorax oblong oval, nearly "r more thau one-half longer than broad. Last palpal joint of raalo large ; abdooieu about equally rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, half as long again as the cephalothorax 1. C. eversa. Last palpal joint of male small ; abdomen tapering posteriorly and bu t little longer than the cepha- lothorax :5. C. latebrosa. Cephalothorax roundish oval, only one-fourth or one-third longer than broad. More than five millimeters long; abdomen much larger and longer than cephalothorax .2. C. arcana. Less thau five millimeters long; abdomen scarcely larger and but little longer than cephalotho- rax 4. C. ostentata. 1. Clubiona eversa. PI. 11, Fig. 22 (S). Male. — Cephalothorax obovate, equally rounded at the two ends, more than half as long ag-ain as broad ; the cephalic and thoracic portions not separable ; front bluntly rounded, the eyes too poorly preserved to allow any statement concerning them. Palpi nearly as long as the cephalothorax, the last joint very large, ovate, subacuminate at tip, the longer diameter almost equaling the breadth of the cephalothorax. Abdomen ovate, half as long again and nearly half as broad again as the corselet, almost equally rounded at the two ends, but largest near the base and tapering slightly more behind than in front. Whole body of a nearly uniform brown, but in one specimen the swollen palpal joint blackish. Legs moderately long, not very unequal, tapering, abundantly furnished with dark divergent spines, about as long as the width of the tibia3. Lengthof body, 5.2"™; cephalothorax, 2.1"'" ; abdomen, 3.1""°; width of cephalothorax, 1.65™™; abdomen, 2™™; extension of palpi beyond corselet, 1.7""" ; longer diameter of last joint of same, 0.7'"™ ; length of first pair of legs, 6.75™'"; its femora, 2.25™"'; tibia?., 2-"™; tarsi, 2.5™™; second pair, 6.75™™ ; its femora, 2.3™™ ; tibiae, 2.2™™ ; tarsi, 2.25™™ ; third pair, 5.1™™ ; its femora, 1.6™™; tibiaj, 1.5'"™; tarsi, 2™™; fourth pair, Q.Q'"'" ; its femora, 2.1™™; tibise, 2.2™™ ; tarsi, 2.3™™. This species is not very far removed from the amber species, C. tomen- tosa, but is slightly larger than it and has a less tapering cephalothorax. Florissant. Two S, Nos. 5944, 8551. 64 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. Clubiona arcaka. PI. 11, Fig. 4 ( 9 1 lO 3 4 •» 2 15 17 0 0 17 2 0 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 15 Ameri- 18 10 10 2 la 5 5 lO 2 15 17 2 1 3 H 0 2 1 1 4 2 2 16 5 4 3 8 Europeau. Excl. Incl. amber, amber. •2 0 ti 10 0 0 I 0 II 1 0 1 11 12 25 63 34 59 •iS 16 1 l:i 11 39 19 40 174 * This number is largely made up of larvjp, which may be the same as some of the imagos. t Including larval cases. NEUROi'TEKA. 93 This table brings to light some carious discordances when the species from the American and European rocks are compared. This indeed is marked in every instance where the numbers are considerable on either side, excepting in the Termitina, where we have six AmerictiU to ten European species. Europe shows a decided superiority in the Odonata, where thirty- four species are offset by only eleven species in America ; and it is not a little curious (though not unexpected, considering the nature of the deposit) that it is here only that the amber fivuna adds scarcely at all to the European preponderance. The American Thysanura find no counterpart in the European rocks, though the amber fauna counts no less than twenty- eight species, while the American representatives of the Ephemerina (six species), the Planipennia (twelve species), and the Trichoptera (twenty-five species) far outweigh the European examples, Ephemerina (one species), Planipennia (six species), Trichoptera (seven species). This American preponderance is in every instance counterbalanced when the total Tertiary yield of Europe is brought to view, the Ephemerina showing seven species, the Planipennia nineteen species, and the Trichoptera forty species. If the smaller groups are considered, there are some closer corresj^ond- ences,as when we find eight species of American Agrionina to ten in the Euro- pean rocks, two American to one European Hemerobida; and Panoi'pida?, two American to two European Limnoj^hilidas, and four American to five Euro- pean Phryganidae. The discrepancies, however, are not less marked, for we find of groups unrepresented in European rocks four species each of Raphidiidse and Chrysopidfe, seventeen of Hydropsychidse, and two of Leptoceridte in American strata, which in the first two instances are hardly or not at all represented in amber. On the other hand, the European rocks show species of Calopterygidas (one), Gomphidae (three), Cordulidiu (two), Sialidpe (one), Ascalaphina (two), and Myrmeleontidse (one), where the American rocks are whollv destitute. On the whole, the European rocks, as compared with the American, are rich in Odonata and poor in Elphemerina, Planipennia, and Trichoptera. While, if the entire Tertiaiy yield of Europe is considered, America nowhere shows a considerable pre- ponderance of forms excepting in the small planipennian groups of Raphi- diida? and Chrysopida^, while Europe has a very striking prejionderance in Thysanura, Psocina, Perlina, ^schnina, Libellulina, and Hemerobida?, having in none of these cases less than four times as many species as America. (February, 1884.) 94 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERIOA. Order THYS^NXJH^ Latreille. All we have hitherto known of fossil Thysanura has been derived from inclusions in amber,^ of which about eig'hteen species of six or seven genera of Lepismatidfe and ten species of four genera of Poduridfe are known ; among them are some very remarkable forms. Florissant has yielded two species of this group, the first that have been found in rock deposits, and one of them in considerable numbers, representing a species of exceptional interest. Suborder BALLOSTOMA Scudder. For characters see under the single species, at the end. PLANOCEPHALUS Scudder. Planocephalus aselloides. (See figures iu text below.) Planocephalus aselloides ScHdd., Mem. Nat. Acad. Sciences, III, 85-90 Figs. (1885); in Zittel, Handb. Palajont., I, ii, 772, Fig. 972 (1885) ; Bertk., Sitzungsb. niederrh. Gesellsch. Natur. n. Heilk., IS'-S, 298 (1885). Among the remains of animals in my hands found in the ancient lake basin of Florissant are about forty specimens of an onisciform arthropod, about a centimeter in length, whose affinities have proved very perplexing. This does not result from poorness of preservation, for among the numerous specimens apparently all the prominent external features are found com- pletely preserved, and even the course of some of the internal organs may occasionalh' be traced ; but it presents such anomalies of structure that we are at a loss where to look for its nearest kin. It appears to be an aquatic animal. Its body consists of three large subequal thoracic joints, and an abdomen about half as large again as any one of them, with occasional indications of a feeble division into four seg- ments. These are the only jointed divisions that can be found in the body, there being no distinct head. The thoracic segments are so considered because each bears a pair of legs, which occur nowhere else. Their dorsal plates are large, flat longitudinally, and arched transversely, smooth, and deeply and narrowly notched in the middle of the front margin. The first plate, in which the median notch is more conspicuous and open than in the ' Since tbis was written Bri)ngniart has described a speoics from the Carboniferons deposits of ('(iiiimeutrv, France. NEUEOPTERA— THYSANURA— BALLOSTOMA. 95 others, also narrows and becomes more arched in front, so as to form a sort of hood. The legs are very broad and compressed, and adapted to swim- ming, which was apparently their use, as there would be no need of such compression to crawl into chinks when the body is so mach arched. The}' consist of a femur, tibia, and two tarsal joints, terminated by a single curved claw. The femur is very large, subovate, inserted (presumably by a coxa) in large cavities, those of opposite sides separated by their own width, and situated a little behind the middle of each segment. The tibia is also very large and subovate, but more elongated and squarer at the ends, being about twice as long as broad, and fringed on the anterior edge by a row of delicate hairs as long as the width of the joint. Of the two tarsal joints, the Fig. 1, dorsal view; Fiff. 2. lateral view: Fig. 3. transverse sectittnal view of Piano cephalus aselloiiies from the Oligocene of Florissant, Colorado, reslored, and magnified about sis diameters. Fig. 1. basal is a little the larger, being both longer and stouter. Each is. armed at the tip internally with a tolerably stout spine of moderate length, and together they ai-e a little longer than the tibia, much slenderer, and quad- rate in form. The terminal claw is about half as long as the terminal joint. The hind legs are somewhat stouter and the middle pair a little shorter than the others ; but otherwise they closely resemble each other. The different segments of the thorax, as stated, are protected above by the development of distinct chitinous plates, the lower edges of which are clearly marked, and extend downward to the concealment, on a side view, of the lower part of the body. The abdomen, however, seems to have no such specialization of the integument of the upper surface. It is stout, apparently well rounded transversely, and tapers to a produced but blunt tip, which is armed with a pair of slightly recurved stout claws, two or 96 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. three times as long as the leg-claws, arranged as if to drag the Ijody back- ward. The abdomen is faintly divided into four segments, often entirely obscured. Of these the terminal usually appears shorter than the others, which are subequal. These divisions of the body are all that appear to have belonged to the animal; and it is the most remarkable fact in its organization that it cer- tainly had no distinct chitinous head. This is the more surprising from the clearness with which the thoracic segments are marked. All that one can find preserved is what appears to be a ring of buccal plates terminating anteriorly the alimentary canal, and which was evidently capable of being thrust forward a long distance beyond the body. If it were not for the unusual preservation of the alimentary canal we should be forced to con- sider the head as lost from all the specimens, notwithstanding the nearly perfect preservation of the other parts ; but in several s-pecimens the ali- mentary tul)e can be traced with ease half th.ough the body, terminating in front in these more or less clearly preserved chitinous plates, arranged to form a circle a little smaller than the coxal cavities. What is most remark- able is the extension of this alimentary tube and accompanying buccal plates like a ])roboseis far beyond the limits of the body; sometimes forward (apparently through the anterior notch) to a distance in front of the first segment equal to half the length of tlie latter ; more often directed down- ward as well as outward, perhaps between the front legs, and occasionally extending beyond the body to nearh' or quite the entire length of the same. It seems to leave its direct course within the body at about the middle of the firs't thoracic segment, directly in front of which position the buccal plates appear in one or two specimens, apparently in the position of repose. The various positions in which these buccal plates are found outside the body, both -when their connection with the tube is traceable and when it is obscure or fails, shows how perfectly movable a proboscis the creature pos- sessed. The external parts of the head, then, may be said to have been probably composed entirely of a flexible, extensible membrane capable of protrusion as a fleshy proboscis, separated by no line of demarkation from the first thoracic segment, and bearing as a2:)pendages only a series of buccal plates for mouth-parts, and beyond this nothing — neither cranium, eyes, antennae, nor palpi. In the absence of eyes, one would natiu'ally look for the development of tactile organs of some sort; but nothing of the kind is NEUROPTBRA— THYSANURA— BALLOSTOMA. 97 discoverable on the most careful special search, unless such an office may be performed bv long delicate hairs which seem, in some few instances, to be scattered distantly over the projected mouth-tube. A special study of the buccal plates in the twenty-four or twenty-five specimens which best show them gives no very satisfactory explanation of their form and relations. They have been said to form a ring, because in a considerable number they are so arranged ; but it may be doubted whether this appearance is not due to the flaking of the chitinous part.s. Like the lips of the notches of the thoracic segments, the buccal apparatus was evi- dently more dense and thicker than other tegumentary parts, for these are darker colored than the other parts and often carbonaceous. In this con- dition the central portions seem liable to flake away and leave the thinner edges with ragged fi-agments of the carbonaceous inner portions attached, thus frequently forming a sort of irregular ring of dark chitine. On the other hand, it is just as common for fragments to become chipped out from the edges, or for rounded bits to fall out here and there, producing thereby an almost endless variety of present appearances. Among these it is diffi- .cu-lt to trace the clew to the original arrangement and form of the plates. One might anticipate that these would have occurred around the central orifice of a proboscis ; and if anything of this sort was present it would appear the most probable (though extremely doubtful) that there were four subtriangular plates of pretty large size, the lateral the larger, nearly meet- ing by their tips at the center. From specimens, however, which are least broken, it would seem quite as probable that the apparatus consisted of two attingent or overlapping circular plates, placed transversely, densest cen- trally, which by their consolidation form an oval rounded mass. How such a pair of plates, or compound plates, could have subserved any pur- pose in the procuring of food I can not understand, but that such is their not unfrequent appearance, especially when seen through and pi'otected by the thoracic shield of the first segment, is nevertheless the fact. It is to be hoped that other specimens may set this matter at rest. Those at hand allow no more definite statement than has been made. About three-fourths of the specimens of this species show the buccal plates more or less distinctly. In all but three they lie outside the body, usually at a distance from it of about half the length of the first thoracic segment. In a fourth specimen they lie half protruding at the front edge of the body. VOL XIII 7 98 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA. These buccal plates, as already stated, are the only hard parts of the head, and the only appendages. Indeed, the only claim this portion of the body has to be called the head at all is that it is certainly the anterior ex- tremity of the digestive canal. On account of this peculiarity of the organi- zation of the head, the creature, which is certainly widely different from anything known, may be called Planocephalus (^TrXavccGo, uegjaXt^), and on account of its onisciform body, Planocephalus aselloides. The first impression the sight of this strange headless creature conveys is that of an isopod crustacean. But the limited number of legs at once puts its reference to the Crustacea out of question, since no abdominal legs at all are present. Even in the parasitic Crustacea, where some of the legs are aborted, the same is the case with the segments themselves and witli the joints of the legs which remain. Tiie clear distinction which obtains between the thoracic and abdominal regions, and the limitation of the jointed legs to a single pair on each thoracic segment seems to lead one strongly to tlie conviction that these important elements of its construction place it among insects. The structure of the legs and the small tapering abdomen furnished with small anal appendages tend to the same conclusion. Where among insects it should be placed is more questionable. Think- ing it possibly a larval form, careful search has been made among all the groups into which it could by any possibility be presumed to fall, viz, among the Neuroptera and Coleoptera, but nothing in the slightest degree seeming to be related to it could be found, and its conspicuous size rendered it the less probable that a kindred form would be overlooked On account, how- ever, of its apterous chai'acter, and the discovery in recent years of certain curious types of animals (all of them, however, very minute), whose affini- ties have provoked more than usual discussion, my attention was early drawn toward certain resemblances which Planocephalus bears to the Pau- ropida among Myriapods and to the Tliysanura, and here, if anywhere, its affinities seem likely to be found. Its passing resemblance to the obtected forms of Pauropoda whicli Ryder has published under the name of Eurypauropodidfe is certainly very considerable, especially when it is remembered that the young of Pauropoda bear only three pairs of legs. The position of the more mobile part of the head of Eurypaui-opus beneath the cephalic shield is the same that the head of Planocephalus bears to the first thoracic shield ; and the mouth parts in NEUEOPTERA— THYSANURA— BALLOSTOMA. 99 both are confined to a somewhat similar circuhir area ; there are no eyes in either, and the legs terminate in a single curved claw. On the other hand, not only are antennae of a highly organized character developed in Pauropoda, but the upper portion of the head carries a cephalic shield as large and conspicuous as the others ; two pairs of legs are de- veloped in the adult on every or nearly every segment of the body, and always on the abdominal to the same extent as on the thoracic segments, no abdomen being distinct from a thorax as in Planocephalus, but all the joints of the body entirely similar ; the legs of the Pauropoda are formed on the myriapodal type, consisting of cylindrical undifferentiated joints, while those of Planocephalus are hexapodal in character, having a clearly defined femur and tibia, and a two-jointed tarsus conspicuously smaller and shorter than the preceding joints, of different form and apically spined. The closer, therefore, we compare these two types the less important seem the points of resemblance and the more important the points of diverg- ence between them ; foi- in the clear distinction of the thorax and abdomen, the absence of abdominal legs, and the structure of the legs themselves — fundamental features of its organization — Planocephalus clearly belongs to the true hexapod type of insects. Its probable reference to the Thysanura may be defended on both negative and positive grounds. There is no other group of hexapods to which it could be considered as more likely to belong, and there are some special thysanuran features in its structure, anomalous as it is. Since Packard has shown the reasonableness of placing the Symphyla (=Scolo- pendrella) of Ryder in the Thysanura, with the Collembola and Cinura as coordinate groups, the range of the Thysanura has been extended, and as a group of equivalent taxonomic value to the larger divisions of winged insects it has seemed itself to gain a better ratio vivendi. It is not necessary, therefore, in considering the relations of Planocephalus to Thysanura as a whole, to limit ourselves to points of comparison which it may have to one or another of its subordinate groups, but consider any points of resemblance we may find to any of these groups indifferently. The thoracic segments remind us not a little of some Cinura, while the abdomen as a whole recalls many of the Collembola, its approximated pair of specialized anal append- ages being also like the variously developed organs of all Thysanura, and unlike anything we can recall in any myriapod. The legs, in the develop- 100 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ment of the basal joints and in the smaller double-jointed tarsus, are closely related to those of some Cinura — built indeed upon the same general pattern, excepting that in Planocephalus they are specially developed for swimming. In the claw of our fossil genus we have something decidedly thysanuriform. We have heretofore spoken of the two tarsal joints as each armed apically with an interior spine, but that of the final joint arises from the base of the curving claw, and takes on more or less its direction, though only half as long as it, causing it to resemble very closely the smaller digit of the claw of both Collembola and Cinura, which is always inferior to the larger, and not infrequentl}', as in Lepidocyrtus, etc., straight instead of curved Of course, the rudimentar}' character of the head and the entire obliter- ation of the ceplialic plates render our fossil very distinct from any known type of Thysanura. But these features separate it quite as widely from any other group that may be suggested for it, and, taking into account the con- siderable development of the thoracic poitions, we must look upon Plano- cephalus as in some sense a lowly form, descended from a type in wliicli the head was developed at least to some extent, and this renders it more probable that we have here found its proper place. Moreover when we ex- amine the mouth-parts of Podui-a, we find them partially withdrawn within the head, reduced in external presentation to a small circle at the end of a conical protrusion of the under sde of tlie head. Take away the cephalic plates, withdraw the mouth- parts to the same protection of the first thoracic segment which they now enjoy under the cephalic dome, imagine fur- ther that the mouth-parts could be protruded to theii- original position when covered by a cephalic shield, and we have about the same condition of things we find in Planocephalus ; indeed the extensibility of the mouth- parts beyond the thoracic shield seems quite what one might expect after the loss of the hard parts of the head ; and the mouth-parts of Planocepha- lus bear much the same relative position to the first thoracic shield which those of Podura bear to the cephalic shield. Assuming, then, that Planocephalus is a true hexapod, its general rela- tions are certainly with the Thysanura rather than with any other grovip ; while the character of the legs, the half developed double claw, and the anal appendages specialized to peculiar use are characters which are posi- tively thysanui'an. Add to this that we find in Podura something in a remote degree analogous to the extraordinary mouth-parts of Planocephalus, NKUROPTERA— THYSANURA— BALLOSTOMA. 101 which we should in vain seek elsewhere, and the ])roljability that we find here its nearest allies is rendered very strong, and the more so from the diversity of form and type in this group since the addition to it of Scolo- pendrella. The discovery of a coUophbre or something homologous to it would, we conceive, be decisive on the point ; but the lateral preservation of nearly all the specimens of this fossil, and the obscurity of the base of the abdomen in nearly all, not only forbid its determination in those yet found, but render it doubtful if it will ever be discovered. The position of this group among the Thysanura must be an independ- ent one between the Cinura and the Symphyla and of an equivalent value to them. For such a group the name of Ballostoma is proposed, in reference to the remarkable power possessed of thrusting forward the gullet and mouth- parts. It would be characterized by the peculiarity named, by the lack of any chitinous frame-work of the head, the equal development of three thoracic segments developed dorsally as shields, and all separated from a cylindrical abdomen, which is armed at tip with a pair of hooks for crawl- ing ; legs largely developed and with expanded and flattened femora and tibiae, the tarsi two-jointed. The principal points towai'd which attention should be directed for the more perfect elucidation of its structure are the buccal plates and a possible collophore. Bertkau compares Planocephalus with an insect from the brown coal of Rott, Rhenish Prussia, described by Heyden as a mite under the name Limnochares antiquus. This Bertkau regards as a larval Galgulid, one of the Hemiptera, and he believes Planocephalus something similar ; but he does not seem to me to justify this latter view, and the abundance of Pla- nocephalus with the absence of mature Galgulida; at Florissant seem an obstacle not easily thrown aside. Ordinary length when extended, 7-8™'" ; breadth, 2.5-3""° ; diameter, of mouth-parts, 0.5"'". Florissant. Sixty-six specimens, of which the best are Nos. 302, 574, 3508, 5229, 6933, 7907, 9782, 9896, 10551, 12807. 102 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Suborder CINURA Packard. Family LEPISMATID.^ Burmeister. This group has heretofore been found fossil only in amber, where eighteen species of six or seven genera are known ; but a single species has been found in the shales of Florissant, Colorado. LEPISMA Linnd The species provisionally placed here seems to differ decidedly from known types in the structural characters of the legs, but tlie single speci- men preserved being very imperfect, it is not at present generically distin- guished. In the equality of the caudal setae it is nearest Lepisma, but the legs are very different. The femora resemble closely the broad coxaj of some species of Lepisma, and would have been taken as coxae but for the slender, elongated joint which follows ; one of the legs, too, more perfectly preserved than the others, shows the short tarsus following the tibi&e, and leaves no room for doubt that the broadly expanded ovate disks on either side of the body represent tlie femora, to which succeed a slender, rod-like tibia of equal length and of uniform slenderness. The abdomen consists of ten joints, tapering very gently, but at the extremity more rapidly. Two amber species were referred to this genus by Koch and Berendt, one of wliich was thought to be almost identical with Lepisma saccharina, but Menge pointed out that, notwithstanding the resemblance between the two, they differ at almost every point. The group is cosmopolitan. Lepisma platymera. PI. 12, Fig. 18. A single specimen in which the head, if preserved, is separated from the bod}', and the greater part of the thorax is lost, but the whole of the abdomen with the caudal setae, some of the lateral bristles, and most of the legs are fairly preserved ; the latter do not appear in the figure. The abdomen is slender and only slightly tapering, excepting on the last three segments, which narrow more rapidly, so that the tip of the abdomen is about half as broad as its base. The legs are very remarkable for the size and great expansion of the femora and the contrasted linear tibiae ; the NEUROPTERA— TERMITINA. 103 femora are ovate flattened disks, distally subacuminate, more than twice as long as broad, as long as (fore and middle femora), or even longer tluvn (hind femora), the width of the base of the abdomen ; the tibijie are as long as the femora and scarcely stouter than the caudal setae, while the tarsi are scarcely if any slenderer than the tibise and less than half their length ; a few lateral bristles nearly as long as the width of the abdomen can be seen, indicating that one such projected from either side of each abdominal seg- ment, that borne by the last segment being somewhat longer than the others. The caudal setae are of nearly equal length, the central slightly longer than the lateral which divaricate gently, and are nearly if not quite as long as the body. Nothing can be made of the detached head extremity more than its slenderness, it being about half the width of the base of the abdomen. Probably the body was fusiform in outline, slender, tapering from the middle of the thorax more rapidly forward than backward. The last abdominal segment is somewhat abruptly truncate. Length of abdomen, 5.5°"" ; breadth at base, 2""" ; at tip, O.S""" ; proba- ble length of fore and middle femora, 2"™ ; their breadth, 0.8""™ ; probable length of hind femora, 3™"'; their breadth, 0.9"""; length of tibiae, 1.75""; of tarsi, 0.75"°' (perhaps incomplete); length of outer caudal setae, 8°""; of middle caudal seta, 8.5""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1693. Family TERMITINA Stephens. It has generally been supposed that the white ants were present and tolerably well represented in paleozoic rocks, but most of the species which have been referred to this family have been shown by recent researches to belong to the Protophasmida, and the others to various neuropteroid Palae- odictyoptera. At least half a dozen species are known from the mesozoic rocks, however, most of them coming from the Lias of England, Germany, and Switzerland, the most common type being the extinct genus Clathro- termes Heer, peculiar for its numerous, transverse, gently oblique cross- veins in the costal field and for the dark, quadrate spots which usually ac- company these and other cross-veins. If we are to follow E. Geinitz, the species must have been exceedingly variable. Two white ants also occur in the oolite of Bavaria, which Hagen refers to Termes proper. (1885.) 104 TEliTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. The family of Teniiitina is represented in the Tertiaries of Europe by twenty -nine nominal species. Hagen, however, asserts that several of those purporting to come from amber are in reality copal species, and this, with synonyms and species merely nominal, reduces the actual number to sev- enteen. It is doubtful if one of these, T. peccanse Massal., is a Termes at all, and if it is, its position can not be further defined The number may therefore be considered sixteen; besides this, a species has been indicated without name from the English Tertiaries. Of these sixteen, six come from amber, belonging to three genera (Calotermes two species, Termopsis three, and Termes one); six from Radoboj, also of three genera (Hodotermes two species, Termes two, and Eutermes two); and three from Oeningen, of two g-enera (Hodotermes two species, Termes one — the same as found at Radoboj). Besides these there is a Calotermes from Rott, and a Hodotermes from Schossnitz The section comprising the genera having a branched scapular vein is therefore represented by eleven species (Calotermes three, Termopsis three — from amber only, Hodotermes live), while the section with simple scapular has only five species (Termes three, Eutermes two). The nominal and doubtful species (and, it might be added, most of the synonyms) fall into the latter section, and should doubtless increase it somewhat. As it stands the first section has two-thirds of the fossil species. Thirteen of these sixteen species are entered in Hagen's Monographic der Termiten; the others have since been published; and it is noteworthy that of the eighty-four modern species contained in this monograph fifty- five, or nearly two-thirds, belong to the second section; in other words, only 31 per cent of the Tertiary, but 65 per cent of the i-ecent species, be- long to the second section. The additions to the Tertiary Termite-fauna here made are in entire keeping with these statistics; six species are described, of which four be- long to the first, and two to the second, section, raising the number of Ter- tiary species to twenty-two, or about one-fourth the number of recent species. Of these six species, three belong to a new extinct genus, apparently peculiar to America, but possibly including some of the species from the European Tertiaries; another is refeiTed doubtfully, from want of sufficient data, to Hodotermes, which has yielded species from Radoboj, Oeningen, NEUEOPTEBA— TERMITINA. 105 and Schossnitz, as well as among modern types; while the other two prob- ably fall into Eutermes, and are allied to, but considerably smaller than, the species from Radoboj placed with many modern types in the same genus. They are perhaps more nearly allied to, as they certainly agree better in size with, the two species of Termes found living in the neighbor- ing valley of the Fontaine qui Bouille. Calotermes, which has furnished species from amber and the Rhenish basin, Terraopsis, which has more fos- sil (amber) species than recent, and Termes proper, which is represented at Oeningen and Radoboj and in amber and the Rhenish basin, all seem to be wanting in the American Tertiaries. The composition of the white-ant fauna of the ancient Florissant, to which locality the known American fossils are confined, differs considerably from that of the localities known in the Eu- ropean Tertiaries, but resembles that of Radoboj more closely than it does any other, as will appear from the following table of representation: First division. Florissant. Radoboj. Parotermes insignia. Parotermes bagenii. Parotermes fodin*. Hodotermes ? coloradensis. Hodotermes haidiugeri. Hodoterruea procerus. Second dmsloii. Eutermes fossarum. Eutermes lucadii. Termes pri^tinus. Eutermes obscurns. Eutermes croaticus. Out of one hundred and iifty-three specimens of amber white ants ex- amined by Hagen only a single larva, and no soldier, was found ; all other fossil individuals have also been winged specimens; but it is worthy of special remark that in the collection of twenty-six individuals from Floris- sant one is a larva. The scarcity of such forms, whether in amber or lacustrine deposits, is easily explained by the habit of life of these creatures. The very presence of so considerable a number of Termitina (twenty- six specimens, six species') in the Florissant beds is indicative of a much ' According to Hagen (Linn. Eiit., vol. Vi, p. 244) no locality in the world has yielded more than nine species of living types; they so rarely number more than four, that he had formerly indicated this as the limit, so far as known. 106 TERTIARY INSECTS OF JTORTH AMERICA. warmer climate formerly than the locality now enjoys. Only three species of white ants, and of these only one belonging to the section with branched scapular vein, have been recorded from the United States north of the Gulf margin, excepting on the Pacific coast, where one or two more extend as far north as San Francisco. Yet seventeen species in all are recorded from North America by Hagen in 1861, and some have since been added to the list; while his South American list (nearly all from Brazil) includes thirty- one species, of which five are repeated from the North American list. Floi*- issant is situated in 39° north latitude, and Hagen says that the family only rarely (wenig), and that only in the northern hemisphere, extends be- yond the fortieth degree of latitude. One species occurs as far north as Manitoba. (September, 1881.) Table of the genera of Termitina. Scapular vein branched. Subiuarginal vein present 1. Parotermes. Submarginal vein absent 2. Hodotirnie". Scapular vein unbranched 3. Eutermes. 1. PAROTERMES Scudder. Parotermes Scndd., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., XIX, 135 (1883). Head rather large, short-oval in form, almost as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, well rounded behind; eyes small, ocelli wanting; antennse- longer than the head, but shorter than the head and prothorax, slender, per- haps slightly broader in the middle than at either end, composed of about twenty equal joints, shorter than broad. Prothorax from a half to a third as long as the head, narrower than or only as broad as it, broader in front than behind, subquadrate, with the hinder angles rounded off. Wings slender and straight, subequal, less than half as long again as the body, four times as long as broad ; basal scale obscure in most specimens examined, moderately large, as long as the prothorax, its costal margin convex ; costal margin of wing straight nearly to the tip, which tapers to a well-rounded point; marginal and mediastinal veins both present, the latter distinct and reaching nearly to the middle (sometimes only to the end of the basal tliird) of the costal border; scapular vein running parallel to the costal margin to the tip of the wing and emitting from five to seven very oblique gently curving superior branches at pretty regular intervals, the second arising before the middle of the vein ; it also emits a couple of inferior branches NEUROPTEKA— TERMITINA. 107 from opposite the base of two of the latei' branches which strike the apex of the wing, diverging from the main vein no more than the superior branches. Externomeclian vein also running parallel to the costal margin throughout the greater part of the wing, and not so far removed from the scapular as the latter is from the costal margin ; it has four or five simple or forked branches, mostly arising in the basal third of the wing, and with these branches takes a remarkably longitudinal course obliquely toward the hind margin and parallel to the inferior apical branches of the scapular vein ; it therefore occupies the greater part of the wing. The internomedian vein is reduced to a very contracted area, consisting appai*ently of only a single forked vein or two in the narrowing basal part of the wing. The feeble char- acter of tlie externomedian and internomedian veins, as well as of the inferior branches of the scapular vein, prevents their preservation on most of the fossils, and it is only in a few specimens that the whole or nearly the whole can be made out. There is apparently no net-work or reticulation anywhere on the membrane of the wing. The abdomen is large and ovate, generally broader than the rest of the body. This genus, which is most nearly allied to Termopsis and Calotermes, differs from each of them in points whei'ein they differ from each other, and has some peculiarities of its own. It differs from Calotermes in its shorter wings (relative to the length of the body), which lack any fine reticulation, and in its want of ocelli. From Termopsis it differs in its slenderer but yet shorter wings, without reticulation, its uniform scapular vein running par- allel to the costa throughout and provided with fewer and straight branches. From both it differs in the presence of distinct inferior branches to the scapular vein, but especially in the slight development of the internomedian vein, the excessive area of the externomedian vein, and the course of the lat- ter, which is approximated much more closely than usual to the scapular vein and emits branches having an unusually longitudinal course. These last peculiarities also separate this genus still more widely from Hodotermes, with which it agrees pretty closely in many points, and in which Hagen places most of the larger Termitina described by Heer from the European Tertiaries, although they do not appear to agree with the characteristics of the genus as given by him, and certainly approach in some of their features the peculiarities of the present genus. It is, however, impossible from Heer's figures alone to judge whether they are really more closely allied 108 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTE AMERICA. to Hoidotermes or Paroternies ; a nearer examination of the types them- selves would perhaps decide; but at present Paroternies must be con- sidered peculiar to the American Tertiaries. The species are all of pretty large size. They may be separated as follows : Table of the species of Parotermea. Abdomen considerably broader than the thorax. Wing.s produced at the apex; sul)iuarginal vein short: branches of the externomedian vein and inferior l>ranches of scapnl.ar more oblique than the snperior scapular branches 1. P. insigiiis. Wings rounded at fhe apex; submarginal vein long; branches of the submedian vein au34 (1878). This new type of Agrionina belongs to the legion Podagrion as defined by Selys-Longchamps, having a normal jiterostigma, much longer than broad, the median sector arising from the principal vein near the nodus, the subuodal a little further out, and many interposed supplementary sectors. NEUROPTEE A— ODOJJ ATA— AGRIONINA. 1 29 It differs somewhat remarkably, however, from any of the genera given in that author's Syno})sis des Agrionines (18G2) in several points, as will be seen on reviewing the following characteristics. The median sector arises from the principal vein more than one-third the distance from the nodus to the arculus ; the subnodal arises from an extension of the nodus, which in passing below the principal is directed somewhat innutrd instead of outward, a somewhat extraordinary feature ; the nodal arises from the principal only as far beyond the nodus as the me- dian originates before it, or scarcely more than one-fifth way to the ptero- stigma. The reticulation of the upper half of the wing is mostly tetragonal, and in the discoidal area very open, while in the lower half of the wing it is mostly pentagonal, and dense apically ; this results in part from the great number of interposed supplementary sectors, of which there are several between the ultranodal and nodal sectors, and several between each of the following sectors as far as the upper sector of the triangle ; the upper of these curve somewhat downward as they approach the apical border. The postcostal area has at first two rows of cellules, but it exjDands rapidly below the nodus, and then has three and afterwards even four rows. The nodus is situated at an unusual distance outward, indeed not very far before the middle of the wing (rather more than one-third the distance from the base), and at a third of the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma. The petiole terminates at some distance before the arculus and is very slen- der. The wing is rather full in the middle, and the apical half of the pos- terior border is very full, the apex falling considerably above the middle of the wing. These characters show the nearest alliance to Philogenia, but the genus differs strikingly from that in the position of the nodus, its retreat below the principal sector, the character of the postcostal ai-ea, and in the great number of the supplementary sectors, as well as in less important charac- ters, such as the density of the reticulation. It seems indeed to be a verv aberrant member of the legion. As the members of this group are all tropical, and those to which this is most nearly allied (as indeed two-thirds of the species) are from the New World, this is an additional instance of neotropical alliances in the insect-fauna of onr Tertiaries. It is upon the wing that I would establish this genus. Yet fragments of other parts of the body occur with the wings, showing that the legs were VOL XIII 9 130 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. probably long and slender, furnished with spine-like hairs as long as the breadth of the femora. The abdomen was moderately slender, rather longer than the wings ; its ninth and tenth segments a little enlarged in the 2, the tenth half (?), or three-quarters (S), as long as the ninth, and the eighth half as long again (?), or twice as long (t?), as the ninth, and a little more than half as long as the seventh. The anal appendages were as long as the tenth segment, rounded triangular (?) or quadrate (s). The species of Dysagrion found at Green River may be separated by the characters dx'awn from the neuration of the wing in the following table : Table of the species of Dysagrion. Pterostigma at least four times as long as broad ; quadrilateral louger than broad ; middle of the area occupied by supplementary veins between the principal and subuodal sectors tilled with quad- rilateral cells. Pterostigma surniountiug four cells; quadrilateral nearly as broad at base as at apex. D. fredericii. Pterostigma surmounting three cells ; quadrilateral nearly twice as broad at apex as at base. 2. D. lakeaii. Pterostigma only three times as long as broad ; quadrilateral slightly broader than long ; middle of the area between the principal and subuodal sectors filled with pentagonal cells.. .3. D. packardii. 1. Dysagrion feedericii. PI. 6, Figs. 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 17. Dysagrion fredericii Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 534-537, 775 (1878). Several specimens of various parts of the body with wings were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditch and myself in the Green River shales, in a railway cutting by the river bank beyond Green River station. The most important are a nearly perfect wing and its reverse, which preserve all the important points of the neuration. A single antecnbital appears to be present, nearer the nodus than the arculus ; the principal sector, like the short sector (sec- tor brevis), bends slightly upward just as it reaches the arculus; the cel- lules in the discoidal area are half as broad again as long, yet the breadth of the wing is such that the broadest part of the postcostal space, between the nodus and the middle of the wing, is more than half as broad as the rest of the wing at that point. The quadrilateral is subquadrate, about half as long again as broad, its upper and lower margins subparallel and its lower outer angle about sixty degrees; pterostigma four times as long as broad, a little dilated, oblique both within and without, but especially pointed above on the outer side, touching the costal margin throughout. The wing is wholly hyaline, excepting the infumated pterostigma, which is bordered by NEUKOPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 131' thickened black veins, and surmounts four cellules at its lower margin ; the veins of the wing generally are testaceous; there are twenty postcubitals. Length of the wing, 36""°; length of part beyond peduncle, 34"""; breadth, 'J'""'; distance from nodus to tip of wing, 23"""; from arculus to nodus, 8"""; from nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 17"'"'; length of pterostigma, 3.5""". Another wing from the same beds with its reverse (Nos. 4165, 4166) is very fragmentary, showing little besides the border of the apical half of the wing with the pterostigma, and most of the postcubital nervules. I have here considered it the hind wing of the same species, from its similar size, the exact resemblance of the pterostigma, which also surmounts four cel- lules, and the indication of a similar profusion of intercalated supplementary nervules. It seems, however, not improbable that it may prove to be a second species of the same genus, from the great difference in form. The two borders of the outer half of the wing are nearly parallel, and the apex falls a little below the middle. This diff'erence, however, really concerns only the posterior curve of the wing below the apex. The nodus is not preserved. Greatest breadth, 7.5™"'. Considering the fragments of heads, etc., referred to under the genus as belonging to this species, we have to add Nos. 4179, 4180, and 4182 (besides No. 62 of Mr. Richardson's collection) as representing heads; Nos. 418J, 4184, the united head, thorax, and ba.se of wings; and Nos. 4170, 4173, 4174, 4177, 4178, as parts of the abdomen. The abdomen shows a slender, dorsal, pale stripe, distinct and moderately broad on the sixth to the eighth segments, scarcely reaching either border, and posteriorly ex- panding into a small, round spot ; and a faint dorsal line on the fourth and fifth segments, interrupted just before the tip. The appendages are simple. Length of head (according to the mode of preservation), 4.0-4.5°""; breadth of same, 5.5°"°; length of thorax, 5™™; of pedicel of wing, 5*°"; of abdomen (probably 1°"" should be added for a break at the base), 39"™; length of segments 8 to 10, 6"""; breadth of ninth segment, 2.75""; of fifth segment, 2.1""; estimated length of whole body, 55"". Named for my friend and fellow collector of Green River fossils, Mr. P>ederick C. Bowditch, of Boston. Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 4165 and 4166, 4167 and 4168, 15244, besides the parts of the body mentioned. 132 TERTIARY IlsrSBCTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. Dysagrion lakesii. A nearly perfect wing and its reverse represent another species of this genus, which is more nearly allied to D. packardii than to D. fredericii, differing from the former principally in the form of the quadrilateral and the shape of tlie pterostigma, which, although as long as there, surmounts only three cellules. There are two antecubitals, one at, the other a little hefore, the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight, the cellules in the discoidal area are much as in D. fredericii, the quadri- lateral is twice as long as its mean breadth, its basal margin half as long as its apical, and the vein forming the lower margin bent at a similar angle with the inferior vein of the triangle as in D. fredericii; the nodus is placed at one-third tlie distance from the arculus to the pterostigma. The wing is hyaline, excepting the fuliginous pterostigma, Avhich is four times as long as broad, surmounts three cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins; its outer margin is much more oblique than its inner ; there are nineteen postcubitals. Probable length of wing, 35""° ; length of part beyond peduncle, 33™"; breadth, 8""°; distance from arculus to nodus, 8°""; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.5""°; from nodus to inner corner of pterostigma, 15.5°"°; length of pterostigma, 3.75"°'. Named for Prof Arthur Lakes, of Colorado, my companion in explor- ing the fossil insect beds of the West. Green River. One specimen. Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 259 and 260. 3. Dysagrion packardii. PI. 6, Figs. 1, 3, 11. Dysagrion packardii Scndd., Zittel, Handb. d. Palyeont., I, ii, 776, Fig. 979 (188.'j). Another species of this genus is represented by a nearly complete front wing, a fragment of a wing and its reverse, and by a tolerably per- fect body presumably belonging to it. The wing agrees with that of D. fredericii in form and size, but differs in the following j^articulars: No ante- cubitals exist, except in the neighborhood of the arculus, one being present nearly half-way from it to the base and another may exist in the broken part of the wing just beyond the arculus ; the base of the principal and short sectors is straight ; the cellules in the discoidal area are, if anything, NEUROl'TEEA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 1 33 slenderer than in that species ; the quadrilateral is of about equal lengtn and breadth, its basal only a little more than half the length of its apical margin and the vein forming its lower margin bent at a much greater angle with the inferior vein of the triangle than in the preceding species ; the nodus is placed slightly beyond one third the distance from the arculus to the pterostigma, while in the preceding species it is placed, if anything, at less than one-third that distance ; the wing is hyaline, excepting the dusky pterostigma, which is about three times as long as broad, surmounts four cellules, and is bordered by thickened black veins ; there are nineteen postcubitals. The bod}^ is slender, the legs slender, but not very long, armed with long hairs, and the abdomen, which is considerably longer than the front wing, is viewed partly from the side and partly from above ; the superior male appendages are shorter than the tenth segment, quadrate, apparently of equal length and breadth, with a slightly projecting tooth at the inner tip directed inwards. Length of entire body, 49""' ; head, 3°"° ; thorax, 8.5°"" ; fore femora, 4.25°"" ; middle femora, 5°'°' ; hind femora, 6"™ ; abdomen, 36°'"' ; second joint, 3.5"'"' ; third, 5'""' ; fourth to sixth, each 6"'"' ; seventh, 4.5"'™ ; eighth, 2.5"'"'; ninth, 1.5°""; tenth, 1.1"'°'; appendages, 0.6""" ; breadth of heVid, 4.5™™ ; second to fifth abdominal segments (side view), 2.75™™ ; sixth and seventh abdominal segments (top view), 1.75™™ ; eighth, 3"™ ; ninth, 2'""' ; tenth, 1.75™™ ; appendages, 0.6™™ ; length of wing, 36.5™" ; of part beyond peduncle, 34..5™™ ; breadth, 8.6 ; distance from arculus to nodus, D™™ ; from nodus to tip of wing, 22.75™™; fi'om nodus to inner angle of pterostigma, 16.75"'™; length of pterostigma, 3™™. Named for the world-known American entomologist. Dr. A. S. Pack- ard, of Brown University. Green River. Three specimens. Dr. A. S. Packard, Nos. 146, 147, 252 and 253. 2. PODAGRION de Selys. Tropical South America claims the half dozen known living species of this genus, most of which have been found in Colombia and Venezuela. The single species we refer here is somewhat imperfect but apparently be- longs here, and can certainly not be far removed from it, for it agrees with it in the character of the pterostigma and the supplementary sectors. Ex- cept this no fossil species have been found. 134 TERTIARY IXSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PODAGRION ABORTIVUM. PI. 6, Figs. 7, S. Podagrion abortivum Scudtl., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 775-776 (1878). The specimen represents the apical part of a wing with fragments of the middle portion. The pterostigma is a little more than twice as long as broad, and, although less oblique on the inner than on the outer side, yet lies at an angle of forty-five degrees with the costal edge, and is therefore more oblique than usual in Podagrion ; its outer side is arcuate as well as very oblique, but in its entire extent the pterostigma scarcely surmounts two cellules ; the outer side is much thicker than the inner, and thickens below as it passes gradually into the lower border, which, like the costal, is much thickened, and appears the more so from being independent of, although in conjunction with, tlie median nervure. Beyond the pterostigma the ultra- nodal approaches the principal nervure very closely, so that they are only half as far apart at the margin as below the pterostigma ; there are two sup- plementary sectors, one between the ultranodal and the nodal, arising below the outer half of the ptei'ostigma, the other between the nodal and subnodal, arising slightly farther back ; both of these supplementary sectors are straight, but the nodal is slightly undulated after the origin of the supple- mentary sectors ; all the other veins, excepting the extreme tip of the prin- cipal, are straight, and the reticulation tetragonal. The wing appears to be hyaline throughout, the pterostigma very slightly infumated, the nervures fusco-castaneous, those about the pterostigma deepening nearly to black. Apically the wing is well rounded, its apex falling in the middle and not at all produced. A species is indicated of about the size of P. raacropus Sel. Length of pterostigma along costal edge, 1.5™™; of same from inner lower angle to outer upper angle, 2.1™™; breadth of pterostigma, 0.65™™; of wing in middle of apical half, 5.5™™. Green River. One specimen, No. 4169. 3. LITHAGRION gen. nov. {XWo?, Agrion). Subnodal sector originating from the nodus, the median a little more than one cellule previous to it, the nodal at a little less than one-third the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma ; the latter is stout, dilated, sur- mounts about five cellules, it^ inner border a little oblique, its outer sliglitly NEDROPTERA— ODOXATA— AGRIONINA. 135 oblique in tlie same sense. Reticulation dense, mostly tetragonal except- ing in the region of the supplementary sectors of which there are two be- tween each pair of sectors from the ultranodal to the short sector, excepting in the interspace between the subnodal and the median ; none excepting the upper ones are curved, and there is also a single very brief one between the short sector and the superior sector of the triangle Postcostal space simple or nearly so, the inferior sector forming it extending beyond the mid- dle of the wing but not reaching the border. Wings enlarging considerably towards the middle, strongly petiolate nearly to the base of the quadrilateral; this is several times longer than broad, enlarging slightly away from the base, the lower side from a fourth to a third longer than the upper. Nodus situated about one-third the distance from the base to the pterostigma. This genus is closely allied to Philogenia and Podagrion, the subnodal and median sectors having a similar origin, but it is clearly distinct from either; it differs from the former in the structure of the pterostigma, which nowhere departs from the costal margin, in the straightness of the supple- mentary sectors, the obliquity of the apex of the quadrilateral, the greater distance of the nodus from the base of the wing and the less petiolated and more bi'oadly expanded form of the wing. In the number and position of the supplementary sectors, however, it closely resembles it. From Pod- agrion it differs in the earlier departure of the nodal from the principal vein, the larger number of cellules below the pterostigma, the much greater nuniber of supplementary sectors, and the more broadly expanded wing ; it resembles it rather than Philogenia in the structure of the pterostigma, the petiolation of the wing, and the position of the nodus. It differs even more from Dysagrion, which I have placed in the same groixp, than from either of these two recent genera. Two species have been discovered, both from Florissant. Table of the species of Litliagrioii. Wings clear; postcubitals few 1 L. hiialinum. Wings clouded except at base and apex; postcubitals numerous 2. L. iimhraliim 1. LiTHAGRION HYALINUM. PI. 13, Fig. 4. A pair of wings, barely overlapping at the postcostal margin and with the tips broken beyond the middle of the pterostigma, but otherwise in admirable preservation, represent this species; they appear to be upper wings. 136 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. The wings are hyaline and are petiolated up to the base of the quad- rilateral or some distance beyond the first postcostal nervule. intranodal sector originating from a cross vein midway between the nodus and the pterostigma, its course regular and not zigzag throughout its extent ; inferior sector of the triangle straight to near its tip, where it bends a little upward, running parallel to the margin and terminating in a cross vein, a little irregular near the tip. Pterostigma dark chocolate brown,' the bordering veins thickened and black ; being broken its form can not be positively stated, but it appears to be nearly four times as long as its median width and considerably expanded on the under surface, probably surmounting four or five cellules ; quadrilateral more than four times its breadth at base, its lower side half as long again as the upper, the outer side very oblique. Nodus rather more than one-third the distance from the base to the ptero- stigma ; sixteen postcubitals. Wings rather slenderer than in L. umbratum. Probable length of wing, 33°"" ; breadth, 6.G"" ; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 17°""; from nodus to base. 11.5°""; breadth of wing in middle of petiolated portion, 1.3°'™. Florissant. One specimen. No. 8619. 2. LiTHAGRION UMBRATUM. PI. 13, Figs. 12, 14. Two specimens, one a complete wing, the other lacking only the extreme base and an insignificant fraction of the apical margin, represent this species. Both appear to be upper wings. The wings are hyaline at base and tip, faintly or distinctly clouded on the disk, the clouded portion having distinct lines of separation from the hyaline area ; the inner line is straight and transverse, crossing the wing from the second postcubital veinlet ; the outer line is bent or curved some- what, subparallel to the apical margin, and runs from the middle of the pterostigma to a little beyond the apex of the short sector, bending on the nodal sector. The wings are petiolated very nearly up to the first postcostal nervule, which is placed shortly before the base of the quadrilateral. Ultra- nodal sector originating from a cross vein a little distance beyond the nodal and shortly before a point midway between the nodus and pterostigma ; its course is more or less zigzag at its origin and again in the middle, but is mostly simple ; inferior sector of the triangle straight in its basal half. NEUEOPTERA— ODONATA-AGRIONINA. 137 beyond more or less irregular, increasingly so towards its apex, where it bends upward so as more gradually to approach the border, and finally ends close to the superior sector of the triangle in a cross vein ; many of the cellules in the apical half of the postcostal space are broken by cross veins forming a broken supplementary sector here, and the same thing occurs feebly in the interspace above. Pterostigma scarcely more infumated than the disk of the wing, expanding slightly in the middle, about four times as long as broad, surmounting five to six cellules. Quadrilateral very slender, five or six times as long as its basal breadth, its lower about one-fourth longer than its upper side, its outer side oblique. Nodus rather more than one-thu-d way from tlie base to the pterostigma ; twenty-seven postcubitals. Wings rather stouter than in L. hyalinum. Length of wing, 34.5"" ; breadth in middle, 8.5""" ; in middle of petiole, 1.5"""; distance from nodus to pterostigma, 18""; from nodus to base, 10.5"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6927, 8163. Legion AGRION de Selys. All the fossil species of this group, both in Europe and America, have been referred to the genus Agrion, which is by far the richest of its mem- bers at the present day. AGRION Fabricius. This genus, in recent times one of the largest and most cosmopolitan of the legion to which it belongs, is represented in the rocks by a single species in Europe, A. aglaope Heer from Oeningen, and the two species from America here described. Besides these a single immature species has been found in Europe (Oeningen) and another in x\nierica (Florissant), which are placed in this group as typical of the Agrionina. The genus is, as stated, cosmopolitan, but its richest representation is in the tropics, and in the northern hemisphere at least it is more richly de- veloped in the New World. The two species here described from wings are not sufficiently perfect to decide into what subgenus they will fall, but they are certainly closely related to each other and appear to be most nearly allied to Amphiagrion or else to Pyrrhosoma or Erythromma, 138 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. The American fossil species of Agrion which are represented by their wings may be separated as follows : Table of the species of Agrion. Four anteuodal cellules below the short sector; auteuodal portion of the costa scarcely arched. 1. A. mascescens. Three antenodal cellules below the short sector ; anteuodal portiou of the costa noticeably arched. 'i. A. exsitlaris. 1. Agrion mascescens. PI. 13, Figs. 8, 9. This species is represented by a pretty well preserved specimen and its reverse showing most of the body, a part of the legs and the wings, but the latter confused by the overlying of those of one side upon those of the other. Tlie head is preserved only enough to show its form, which has nothing peculiar, and the same may be said of the thorax. Seven joints of the slender abdomen are pi-eserved, the second of which indicates that the specimen is a male. The head and thorax with the legs are black, but the abdomen is colorless; the legs are doubled up, the femora about as long as the breadth of the head, and the tibial spines, of which there are seven or eight in a row, are a little shorter than the interspaces between adjacent ones The wings are scarcely depressed at the nodus, the antenodal por- tion of the costal margin almost straight, hyaline with black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, alike on both wings, the only difference being in a slightly greater obliquity of the outer and inner margins (and especially of the outer) and the slightly shorter lower margin in the front wing ; very pale fuliginous, fading out towards the margins, margined with heavy blackish veins, surmounting a single cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates far before the basal postcostal nervule, which is situated slightly nearer the second than the first antecubital nervule. The arculus is directly beneath the second antecubital nervule. There are apparently eleven postcubitals on the fore wing and there are ten on the hind wing. Quadrilateral of the fore wings with the inner and upper side of similar length and half as long as the lower side ; on the hind wings the inner side is considerably shorter than the upper, and the latter nearly three-fifths the length of the lower ; four antenodal cellules below the short sector ; the petiolation begins unusually near the base of the wing or considerably before the first antecubital nervure. The nodal orig- NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGEIONINA. 1 39 inates rather less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostigma ; the sub- nodal terminates quite beyond the extreme tip of the pterostigma, the median below its tip, the short sector, which ends in a zigzag course, before the pterostigma and below the origin of the ultranodal ; the superior sector of the triangle, which is straight to the tip, midway between the origin of the nodal and the pterostigma ; and the inferior sector of the triangle, which becomes zigzag a little beyond the nodus, terminates a little before the last. Length of wings, 21.3"""'; breadth, 4!6™"'; distance from nodus to base, 7.25"""; toarculus, 3 4"™; to center of pterostigma, 12.5"'"'; breadth of head, 3.5"""; diameter of eyes, 1.25™"; length of thorax, 5"'™; of femora, 3"™ ; of tibial spines, 0.25"'™; of abdomen (seven joints), 24.5°'™; of first joint, 0.6"""; second, 1.8™™; third, 4.4™™; fourth, 5™™; fifth, 4.6"™; sixth, 4.6™™; seventh, 3.4"™; width of last, 1.2™'". While the venation of the wing proves that this insect belongs in the legion Agrion, the unusually short petiolation of the wing shows that it can not be referred to Telebasis, and the short spines of the tibiae that it can not be an Argia. To which of the numerous subgenera of Agrion it should be referred can not be determined at present, but from the apparent want of postocular spots and the early origin of the inferior sector of the triangle it would appear to be most nearly allied to Amphiagrion or else to Pyrrho- soma or Erythromma. If to the former its affinities are with tropical American forms ; if to the latter with temperate forms of either hemisphere Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6824, 7158. 2. Agrion exsulaeis. PI. 13, Fip. 6. A single nearly perfect wing differs so slightly from A. mascescens that it would appear to belong to the same restricted genus, although from our ignorance of the length of its tibial spines it might be considered an Argia. The wing, which is apparently an upper one, is a little depressed at the nodus, the antenodal portion of the costal margin being somewhat arched, hyaline Avith black veins, the pterostigma normal, rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, the outer and inner margins considerably oblique, the outer perhaps the more so, fuliginous, margined, especially witliin, with heavy black veins, surmounting rather more than one cellule. The inferior sector of the triangle originates before the basal postcostal nerv- 140 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, ule or just beneatli the tirst antecubital ; the petiolatioii therefore begins at this point; the basal postcostal lies midway between the two antecubitals; the arculus is directly beneath the second antecubital nervule ; there are eleven postcubitals ; quadrilateral with its inner side scarcely shorter than its upper, the latter half as long as the lower side ; three antenodal cellules below the short sector. The ultranodal originates only two cellules before the pterostigma ; the nodal at scarcely less than half-way from the nodus to the pterostigma ; the subnodal terminates just below the tip of the ptero- stigma, the median below its middle ; the short sector, which has a zigzag course in the outer fourth of the wing, terminates apparently below the base of the pterostigma or scarcely short of it. Length of wing, 21.65""" (the extreme base is not represented in the plate, although part of it is preserved) ; breadth, 4.35°"" ; distance from nodus to base, 7.65°"" ; to arculus, 3.5°^" ; to center of pterostigma, 12.5'"°'. This species differs from the preceding principally in the longer petio- lation of the wing, the arching of the base of the costa, the number of ante- nodal cellules beyond the quadrilateral, and the more apical termination of the upper sectors. Florissant. One specimen. No. 8146. Agrion telluris. PI. 13, Fig. 10. Two nymphs, evidently belonging to the same species, have been found, and, considering the impossibility of determining to which, if any, of the species of Agrionina found in the perfect state they belong, they are treated as distinct, following the precedent set by Heer, and followed by others. The head is full, well rounded in front, squarely truncate and a little angu- lated behind, about half as broad again as long, scarcely broader than the thorax ; the antennae, or such parts as are preserved, are very slender, a little shorter than the head, the basal joint twice as stout, about twice as long as broad. The legs are very long and slender, especially the hinder pair, Avhich would reach to the base of the antepenultimate abdominal joint ; the femora are narrowly and equidistantly four times barred with dark bands, the extreme bands at base and apex ; the tibiae are less than half as broad as the femora and have a broader median dusky band. The dark wing pads are long and slender, twice as long as the widtli of the abdomen, and less NEUEOPTERA— ODOXATA— .ESCHNINA. 141 than half as broad, nearly reaching the extremity of the third abdominal segment. The abdomen is equal, scarcely tapering apieally, the joints twice as broad as long, entire, not excepting the last. The caudal flaps or tracheal pads are considerably more tlian half as long as the abdomen, tlie middle one, showing on the left in Fig. 1 0, long, slender, fusiform, pointed apieally, largest a little beyond the middle ; the lateral pair are much larger and asymmetrical, the inner flange, or the portion of the tracheal pad lying within the median rod, being subequal, but broadest just before the tip, as broad throug'hout as the broadest part of one flange of the median flap ; the outer flange gradually expanding with a slight convexity from the base to a little beyond the middle, where it is twice as broad as the opposite flange, and then tapering rapidly, regularly, and with a scarcely perceptible con- cavity, to the tip of the median rod ; the edges of the pads are delicately denticulate, distantly on the expanding basal portions, more densely on the apical tapering parts and especially on the outer edges of the lateral pads, the denticulations, like the median ribs, being black. Length of body (excluding terminal flaps), 21""™; of front femora, 3.25""" ; middle femora, 3.25'""' ; hind femora, 5"'" ; hind tibiae, 6.25°'" ; hind tarsi, 2 25"" ; wing pads, 6.5"'™ ; breadth of head, 3.5"" ; thorax, 3"" ; base of abdomen, 2.65""; tip of same, 2.P""; length of terminal flaps, 7.5™"; breadth of lateral flaps, 2™". In the present state of our knowledge of the larvfe of Agrionidte it is impossible to indicate with any certainty the position of this nymph. The absence of any sign of the mask, too, will remain a difficulty when we are more familiar with the living forms, but the small size of the head and the shape of the antennse and caudal flaps will afford good points for comparison. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 13525, 14174. Tribe ^^SCHNINA Hagen. This group of larger Odonata seems to have been less richly endowed with species and genera than the other families both in past times and at present. The most recent study of the group by de Selys, which has just appeared, divides the iEschnida" proper into five genera and twenty-three subgenera, of which ^schna, with more than half the subgenera, embraces more than half the one hundred and fifty known recent species and is cos- mopolitan. It also embraces all the known fossils from the Tertiaries, 142 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. excepting one from Radoboj, an Anax, first described as ^schna metis by Heer. Four fossil species are known from the Old World and two are here described from the New. Of the Old World types one is merely mentioned by Hagen as found in amber and is represented only by the tip of a wing. A second, from Bornemouth in England, has been figured by Goss without a name. It appears to belong to the subgenus Basiyeschna, but, as it is cer- tainly incori-ectly drawn in some particulars, it may be in those, such as the simplicity of the subnodal sector, upon which this suggestion is based. The other two, yEschua polydore and jE. tyclie from Oeningen, were described nearly thirty -five years ago by Heer, and are certainly very closely allied, though distinct, as Heer pointed out. They seem to belong pretty cer- tainly to ^schna s. s., and are apparently not far removed from the European JEi. mixta Latr., as I judge from direct comparisons with the entire series referred by de Selys to iEschna s. s., which I have had the opportunity of studying in the Cambridge Museum through the favor of Dr. Hagen. Heer also directly compares the former to that species, as I subsequently noted. Our independently formed opinions have therefore completely coin- cided. These two species are also very nearly allied to one of the Ameri- can forms, which, however, more closely resembles a common American species, JE. consti'icta Say. The other American fossil belongs to Basite- schna. The resemblance of the Tertiary aeschnid fauna of Europe and America appears therefore to have been tolerably close. (September, 1883.) ^SCHNA Fabricius, All the fossil ^Eschnina known, excepting one (an Anax), belong to ^schna, two European and one American to ^Eschna projDer, and one from eacii country to Basia'schna. ^ The species of ^Eschna from Florissant known by their wings may be separated thus : Tabic of the subgenera of Mschna. Subnodal .sectur forked, its upper fork separated froui the nodal by a single row of cells; pterostigma hardly more than three times as long as broad and only one-fourth as long as the space between it and the nodus .1. JEschna s. s. Subnodal sector simple, separated from the nodal by three rows of cells; pterostignia four or five times as long as broad, more than one-third as long as the space between it and the nodus. 2. Baaiwschna. ' Vide supra. NEUROrTBRA— ODONATA— .ESCHNINA. 143 1. Subgenus ^schna Selys. This group of the genus ^Eschua is a cosmopolitan one, and includes a larger proportion of the species than any other. I'o it belong two European and one American fossil species, all closely allied, but the European more nearly related to an existing European species, JE. mixta, the American to an existing American species, ^E. constricta, than to any others. ^SCHNA (^SCHNA) SOLIDA, PI. 13, Fig. 1. A remarkably well preserved front wing, the extreme base only lost Wing of rather small size and rather slender, the middle line of the basal half bent at a slight angle with that of the apical half; tip of the wing uni- formly rounded ; nodulus above the principal sector strongly and rather regularly curved, much nearer the pterostigma than the base ; nodal sector curved rather gently upward in the middle portion of its course but termi- nating some distance below the apex of the wing ; subnodal sector forked widely a little before the pterostigma, the upper fork turning abruptly upward at its origin ; the intercalated sector between the subnodal and median forked below the base of the pterostigma, its upper fork also curved upward and separated at tip from the lower fork of the subnodal by only a single row of cells, as usual ; median and short sectors separated in the apical half (or less) by a double row of cells in the discoidal field below the triangle, first two, then three, and afterwards four or five rows of cells irreg- ularly disposed. Pterostigma scarcely four times as long as broad, the inner and outer margins very oblique and parallel ; color blackish castane- ous, the bordering veins black. Antecubitals more than twenty-two (prob- ably about twenty-five), postcubitals fifteen. Length of wing more than 4 1""" (probably 44""°); breadth, 10.5""°; dis tance from nodulus to base of pterostigma, 15""° ; length of pterostigma, 4""°. This species plainly belongs to the subgenus ^Eschna. By favor of Dr. Hagen I have compared it directly with all the species referred by Selys to that group, excepting a couple of rare forms, and unquestionably it is most closely allied to JE. constricta, though closely resembling JE. mai'chali. Indeed, the resemblance to JE. constricta is closer than I have yet found between any well preserved Florissant insect and any living 144 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. type ; it agrees better with it than JE. constricta does with any other hving- form. The nodal sector of JE. sohda is not so strongly curved as in JE. constricta, and the pterostigma of the fossil is slightly longer ; these are the most important distinctions that were noted. Florissant. One specimen, No. 8347. 2. Subgenus Basijsschna Selys. As was stated in tlie general remarks under ^Eschnina, Goss's unnamed ^Eschnid from Bornemoutli, England, probably belongs to this group ; an interesting fact since, so far as I know, it is exclusively an American group, and one of our own fossils falls therein. It is the only subgenus of ^schna besides ^Eschna proper which is known in a fossil state. tEschna (Basi.eschna) separata. PI. 13, Fig. 15. A complete front wing and its reverse broken near the course of the median sector and the part below crowded up against the upper portion, so as to confuse the parts next the line of fracture. The wing is of I'ather small size, rather slender and straiglit ; the tip is slightly angulated rather below the middle of the wing ; nodulus placed at almost two-thirds the distance from the base to the pterostigma, scarcely directed backward above the subcostal, below that straiglit, directed some- what forward and reaching the subnodal ; nodal sector curved rather strongly and somewhat rapidly upward in the middle part of its course, terminating a little distance below the tip of the wing; subnodal sector simple and beyond the base of the pterostigma subparallel to the nodal ; the intercalated sector between the subnodal and the median simple, but curved in the course of what would be the superior fork if it were branched, and even more strongly curved than in .^schna solida ; median and short sectors separated apically by a double row of cells, but to how far from the margin can not be seen ; in the discoidal field below tlie tri- angle there are at first two, then three, and afterwards four or five rows of cells, the last arranged in somewhat obscure oblique series. Pterostigma five times as long as broad, botli outer and inner margin very oblique, but the outer much more so than the inner ; the color uniform pale clay brown, but the thickened bordering veins black. Antecubitals twenty-three, post- cubitals thirteen. NEUEOPTEKA— ODONATA— LIBELLULINA. 145 Length of wing, 44™"'; breadtli, lO.-J™"'; distance from base to nodulus, 21.5"""; from nodulns to base of pterostigma, 13.2""'; length of ptero- stigma, ;")"'"'. This species ditfers from JR. solida in its more pointed tip, straighter form, simple subnodal sector, which is separated from the nodal by three rows instead of one row of cells, and by the greater ajjproximatiori of the nodnlus to the pterostigma as well as by the greater length of the latter. It is very closely related to ^Eschna janata Say, which Selys makes the type of his Basiteschna. The nodal sector has precisely the same curve just before the pterostigma, and it differs mainly in tlie more arcuate tip of the principal nervule intercalated between the subnodal and median sectors. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8164 and 11693. ./"ESCHNA LARVATA. ' PI. 13, Fig. 11. A single specimen of a larva has been found belonging to this genus and not improbably belonging to one of the species descriljed : l)ut as this can not from the nature of the case be detei'mined it will be best to eive it a distinct name for ready reference. The front half of the body is rather oljscui'e, but the outline shows the form with sufficient distinctness. The body is largest in the middle of the abdomen, .scarcely decreasing in size anteriorly, but posteriorly narrowing somewhat rapidly beyond tlie fourth abdominal segment ; the outer edges of the posterior borders of the seg- ments are not produced ; the three anal valves are distinctly seen, are very slender and finely pointed : one of the legs is preserved, showing that it is slender and of the usual form. Length of body, 34.5°""; breadth in middle of abdomen, 7.5"""; at base of abdomen, 6"'"': at base of anal valves, 2.5™"'; length of latter, 3 25"'"'; of femur of hind ('i) leg, 6'""'; of tibia, 4.5'"'"; of tarsi, 4.25'"'". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1816. Tribe LIBELLULINA Hagen, A small number of species of this tribe occur in the European Ter- tiaries. VOL XIII 10 146 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. LiBELLULA sp. PL 0, Figs, i, 16. (LiheUuHna) Sciuld., Bull., U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 775 (1878). Fragments of an abdomen in obverse and reverse are probably to be referred to Libellula only in the broadest possible sense, but they are insuffi- cient to give further determination. They evidently represent four or five of the terminal segments of the body, there being first three segments of equal breadth and a similar lengtli, a little longer than broad, with a sliglit median carina ; and then three others without a median carina and with continually decreasing length, the first of them (probably the eighth seg- ment) half as long as the preceding, but of the same width ; the next half as long as the one which precedes it, but narrower, and the last still narrower (but imperfect). Length of the fragment, 20"™; of its third (seventh? abdominal) seg- ment, ^S""; breadth of same, 3 5. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4175 and 4176. Suborder PLANIPENNIA Burmeister. The collections obtained at Florissant embrace eight genera and thir- teen species of ^^lanipennian Neuroptera. All of the species and four of the genera are new, and belong to four families. The Raphidiidfe are the most numerous, embracing Raphidia, with a single species, and Inocellia with four ; the species referred to Raphidia hardly belongs to it in a strict sense, since the costal vein is excessively short, there are no costal veinlets, and the sectors do not originate obliquely from the radius, but more indirectly by transverse veins ; all the species of Inocellia, which fall into two sections, differ from living types and also from the species found in ( Jligocene amber of the Baltic in having no transverse series of regular discoidal areoles be- low the pterostigma. A single species of Osmylus i-epresents the Heme- robida^, and differs from living forms, as does also the aml)er species, in the .simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the limited supply of cross-veins in the basal half of the wing, giving this region a very different appearance from its rather close reticulation in modem types. It may here be noticed that as a very general rule the neu- ration of the wing is nnicli closer in modern Planipennia than in their Ter- tiary representatives. NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA. 147 There are lour species of Chrysopidse, referable to two genera, each of them extinct; Chrysopida; have not before been recognized in Tertiary strata, the single species poorly figured by Andrii, and never carefully studied, being much more probably one of the Hemerobidrs. These two genera, called Pah)?ochrysa and Tribochrysa, are allied to the living Nothochrysa, but diifer from modern types in the zigzag course of the upper cubital vein, and in its direction, which is through the middle of the wing, as well as by the smaller number of sectors and the entire absence of any transverse series of gradate veiuiets ; Palseochrysa is represented by a single species, Tribochrysa by three, and the genera diifer from each other in the course of the upper cubital vein, which in Palpeochrysa is direct and bordered by comparatively uniform cells, while in Tribochrysa it is doubly bent in the middle, and is therefore bordered by very unequal cells. Two species of Panorpidje have been found, one of which is referable to a new genus, Hol- corpa, which differs from Panorpa in the entire absence of cross-veins, and is remarkable for the spots on the wings. All these have been discovered at Florissant only. No planipennian Neuroptera have been found in the Green River shales, but the Tertiarj^ beds of British Columbia have fur- nished a single species of Hemerobidse, belonging to an extinct genus allied to Micromus, and which I have called Bothromicromus ; and we have re- mains of one of the Sialida^ from beds of Laramie age in Colorado, which is introduced here. The number of species of Tertiary Planipennia is nearly doubled by the discoveries already made in the American Tertiaries, but the families, and es- pecially the genera, are very differently represented on the two continents ; thus the Raphidiidse have in Europe only one species of Inocellia, while, on the other hand, the Hemerobida? show one or more species each of Nymphes, Sisyra, Hemerobius, and Osmylus. The Chrysopidfe, as stated, are unrepresented, although two species are known from the Jura. The Panorpidpe have one species of Panorpa and three of Bittacus. while there are also two species of Ascalaphus and one each of Myrmeleon, Chau- liodes, and Coniopteryx, belonging to families not found fossil in this coun- try. (September, 1883.) 148 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family SIALINA Leach. This family is composed of two groups, each represented in our rocks. As they differ somewhat remarkably in history and distribution, such gen- eral remarks as can be made will appear in contrasting the statements which follow xinder each. Subfaixiily SIALIO^E Stephens. The Sialidse are evidently an expiring type. A considerable number of Paleozoic forms have been referred, with more or less reason, to it or its vicinity, and certainly the resemblance of its modern genera to the bulk of the ancient neuropteroid types is greater than can be affirmed of any otlier modern group. Yet aven in the Mesozoic period we know of comparatively few examples ; Hagen refers an undescribed species fi-om the Jura to Cory- dalus; Westwood figures a Sialium from the Purbecks, and the species given here, belonging to the disputed Laramie beds, is known only by its egg- masses ; I have also shown that the larval Mormolucoides articulatus Hitchc. from the Connecticut River sandstones is to be regarded as a sialid. In Tertiary times, where the number of insects known is vastly increased, we find no greater representation. One species only, Chauliodes prisca, from the amber, is well known ; Gravenhoi'st and Burmeister speak of a Semblis from amber, which may be the same as Hagen's, above mentioned ; and an insect's leg from Rott has been doubtfully referred here. No species of this group has been found in the American Tertiaries. So too we find the exist- ing species very meager as compared with other families of Nem-optera ; but that some existed in American Tertiaries can not be doubted by any who will compare oixr huge living Corydalus with the still more gigantic Corydalites from the Laramie beds. (September, 1883.) CORYDALITES Scudder. Corydalilea Scudder, Bull. V. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 537 (1878). The egg-masses thus named were described by me in 1878, but it was not until the publication of a figure of one of them in Zittel's Handbuch der Palfi?ontologie, in 1885, that their existence in beds of quite similar age in Europe was recognized. On this point I may quote from a letter written me by the Marquis de Saporta in May, 1886 ; KBUROrTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALTNA. 149 II m'a suffl de Jeter les yenx sur votre figure 981 pour reconnaitre l'i(lentit(5 par- faite de votre Corydalites fecuudaiu avec des corps fossiles, ayant inetne aspect et meine composition qui out cte recueillis en assez bon uombre et par/aitement cousevves dans notre terrains a lignites de Fuveau pies d'Aix, et justemeut ces lignites sont uiainte- nant rapportes uuiverselleuient au Garumnieu infthieur, et meme plus bas au Gaui- panien, c'est a dire, a I'borizon de la craie supdrieare. II est done tres int^ressant de constater la presence de ces uids ou reuuions d'oeufsde Corydalis, au luerae niveau, en Europe comuie en Amerique et probablemeut dans les ineines conditions de d6p6t. Les Corydalites fecunduni out etc recueillis a Trets pres de Fuveau dans les lits cbar- bonneux exploites, oil ils se trouvent associ6sades feuilles de Nehmibium. II est in^me visible que ces Nelumbium ont v6cu sur place et les Corydalites out du vivre c6te a cote et placer leurs ceufs dans des memes lieiix. Corydalites fecundum. PI. 4, Figs. 5-7, 13-16, 18-21, 23. CorydaUtes fecundum Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 537-540 (1878); in Zittel, Handb. Pala-ont., I, II, 776, Figs. 981a, b (1885); White, Rep. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., XI, 173-174 (1879). Under this name I have classed an insect which laid some remarkable egg-masses, obtained in numbers by Dr. C. A. White, at Crow Creek, fifteen miles northeast of Greeley, Colorado, in lignitic beds of the Laramie group. These egg'-masses are five centimeters in length by nearly two in breadth and one in height, nearly equal throughout, rounded and slightly pointed at the tips, and of a dirty yellowish brown. Tliey are estimated to contain each about two thousand eggs definitely arranged, and coated with a cov- ering of what was presumably albuminous matter, which also surrounds each egg. The close general resemblance of these eggs and of their clus- tering to that of the eggs referred by Mr. C. V. Riley to the neuropterous genus Corydalus^ leave little doubt concerning their probable affinities. Mr. Riley's description is as follows : Tbeegg-uiass of Corydalus cornutus is either broadly oval, circular, or (more excep- tionally) even pyrifonn in circumference, flat ou the attached side, and plano-convex [broadly convex is doubtless meant] on the exposed side. It averages 21">™ iu length, and is covered with a white or cream colored albaraiuoas secretion, which is gener- ally splashed around the mass on the leaf or other object of attacbment. It contains from two to three thousand eggs, each of which (PI. 4, Figs. 17, 22) is 1.3""™ long and about one third as wide [be figures them of a slenderer form], ellipsoidal, translucent, sordid white, with a delicate sbell, and surrounded and separated from the adjoining eggs by a tbin layer of the same wbite albuminous material which covers tbe whole. The outer layer forms a compact arch, with the anterior ends pointing inwards, aud ' It has been suggested that these may belong rather to Chauliodes, a closely allied genus of Neuroptera ; but Mr. Riley declares that they are identical with these found iu the body of Corydalus. 150 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. the posterior euds showing like faint dots through the white covering. Those of the margiDal row lie flat ou the attached surface ; the others gradually diverge outwardly, so that the central ones are at right angles with said object. Beneath this vaulted layer the rest lie on a plane with the leaf, those touching it in concentric rows, the rest packed in irregularly.' In the fossil ootheca the mass is much larger and more elongated, and possesses besides one characteristic in which it differs strikingly from that of Corydahis (and on which account particularly I have used a new generic appellation), viz, the division of its mass into two longitudinal and equal halves by an albuminous wall, or rather by double albuminous walls, which may be parted above, leaving as the only connection between the two halves their common albuminous floor. There are indeed a few specimens which show no sign of this division, Ijut a median furrow, or a deeper and more complete separation of the two halves, is so prevalent that this seems to be the only explanation te be offered for its appearance. Their absence in the few specimens is probably due to defect of preserva- tion. The common albuminous floor and the upper and outer albuminous coating are of remarkable thickness, varying from one to three milli- meters ; but the coating attenuates to a mere lamella as it passes down the median furrow, so that when the mass remained quiet in the position in which it was laid, the lateral halves pressing closely against each other, the combined thickness of the two albuminous walls would together no more than equal the ordinary thickness of the albuminous partition between any two contiguous eggs. That such a partition existed even in those which do not now show it seems probable from the regularity of the furrow in every instance of its occurrence and by its prevalence ; some specimens merely show a sharp groove along the middle, the halves remaining in complete juxtaposition;^ others again are so completely separated as to be curled over and meet beneath (Figs. 19, 23). This, together with the fact that the egg-mass is otherwise extremely regular (showing only so little plasticity as to allow one broad side to be straight, while the opposite is a little convex) and never exhibits the slightest tendency to coil longitudinally, leads me to believe that the egg-masses were laid in the water of shallow basins, upon the muddy floors, which 'Proo. Am. Assoc. Ad. Sci., vol. 25, pp. 277-278. 'These specimens are some from which weathering has removed their outer albuminous coating; perhaps, if this had remained, the furrow would have been concealed by the complete union of the attingeut albuminous walls. NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 151 could be reached by the abdomen of the insect while resting upon a stone or overhanging twig. In this medium the albuminous secretion would ex- pand to the utmost ; if the bunch of eggs remained undisturbed, it would present us with the more regular hirudiniform masses thai have been found ; if rolled about by the disturbance of the waters, the two halves would curl toward each other more or less closely, forming a subcylindrical mass, and inclose between their approaching walls more or less of the mud in which they are rolled. This is exactly the appearance of most of them now, inclosing the same substances as that within which they and the accompany- ing Bulimi and other fresh-water moUusks lie embedded.' These masses differ from those of Corydalus in the extraordinary amount of albuminous matter which surrounds both the entire mass (Fig. 16) and each individual egg (Fig. 7). This is perhaps to be explained by the medium in which they appear to have been laid, and will in part account for the vast size of the ootheca, which are much larger than any mass of insect eggs which I can find noticed. The size of the mass, however, is also due to the greater magnitude of the eggs themselves, which are twice as long as and proportionally larger than those of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 21), and lead to the conviction that we are to look in the rocks of the Laramie Group for an insect of great magnitude, closely allied to our Corydalus, itself the largest of all known Sialina. It can hardly be doubted that it must have been at least double the size of the living type. The number of eggs laid is about or nearly the same as in Corydalus, presuming, in either case, all to be laid at once. Compared with the eggs, the albuminous substance surrounding them is much softer, more or less friable, and easily removed, being everywhere composed of fibers running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg. The weathering of the specimens has been such that in sev- eral instances the whole albuminous cap has been removed, and in others a large part also of the interovular partitions, leaving the eggs standing erect, each separated from its neighbors by from one-third to one-half its own thickness. In many cases the eggs can be pulled from their cells ; and, al- though frequently flattened, they may be studied almost as well as if living. The eggs (Fig. 21) have an average length of 2.6""" and a central ' The deposit in which they occur is a fresh- water one; but Mr. Lesquereux informs me that brackieh- water forms are found both above and below them. For details concerning the age of the deposit and the fossils associated with Corydalites, see the article by Dr. C. A. White, quoted above. 152 TERTIARY INSE(JTS OP NORTH AMERICA. width of 0.6'""' ; they are nearl}- c} lindrical, but faintly arcuate, shghtly at- tenuated at the anterior extremity, and shghtly tumid on the po.sterior lialf, at the tip of which they taper rapidly, rounding- off to a rather broadly con- vex extremity, which is flattened or often sunken in a circular central space 0.1'"'" in diameter (Fig. 7), outside of which the surface is rather profusely filled with very shallow, obscure, circular pits, averaging 0.01""" in diameter. The anterior extremity (Fig.s. .5, 6) terminates in a slightly elevated, thin, subtuberculate rim, inclosing a terminal portion, whose surface gradually rises centrally to form a truncated cone, and is pitted with saucer-like depres- sions, gradually diminishing in size up the sides of the central extension ; the latter is about as long as the breadth of its tij) ; its extremity (Fig. 18), 0.04-0.055""" in diameter, is more or less sunken, with a central circular pit (the micropyle) O.Ol""" in diameter ; while the rounded margin of the ex- tension is made more or less irregular by the saucer-like depressions which surmount it, but have now become of extreme minuteness. This structure of the anterior extremity of the egg agrees with what was previously known of the egg of Sialis, but no mention of the elevated point was made in Mr. Riley's description of the egg of Corydalus. It oc- curs there, however, as I find by examination of eggs he has kindly sent me. These eggs of Corydalus (Figs. 17, 22) also show the sunken space at the pos- terior end, and the sides of the egg are marked nearly as in the fossil, the surface of the latter being broken up by scarcely elevated, slight ridges into obscure, transverse, hexagonal cells, one-tenth of a millimeter long (across the egg) and one-fifth as broad, those of adjoining rows interdigitating. In the disposition of the eggs also these masses differ from those ot Corydalus, for they are arranged in a radiating manner around the longi- tudinal axis of the ootheca. All of them partake of this arrangement even when, as rarely hapj^ens, there are two layers in place of one over parts of the mass ; in no case are any of the eggs packed in irregularly, as is the case with a portion of those of Corydalus, according to Riley. As in Corydalus, however, the posterior ends are those uliich are directed toward the upper albuminous coating, which in many cases shows very slight subhexagonal or circular depressions or elevations corresponding to the position of the extremity of the egg beneath, just as in Corydalus the posterior ends of the eggs show "like faint dots through the white cover- ing." The outer albuminous coating appears in the fossil to be made up of NEQEOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 153 as man}- parts as there are eggs, the interovuUir fibrous material extending to the surface of the ootheea, forming- walls to deep cells which contain eggs, and which are corked up, as it were, liy plugs of albuminous material. These plugs seem to be very similar to the cell-walls, having been com- posed apparently of viscous threads, also running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the egg ; but in some cases the cell-walls beyond the eggs have become blackened, while the plugs retain their normal color and separate readily from them. When the egg-mass was undisturbed, the outermost eggs lay horizon- tally, and those next the median furrow vertically (Fig. 15) ; the division walls of the cells were therefore thinnest below, and it appears probable that the young made their escape at the bottom of the median furrow, where the outer coating is also thinnest, though not so presented in the schematic figure. Where double layers occur, the eggs of the upper seem to be in a direct line with those of the lower layer, egg for egg, as if a cell of double length were stocked with two eggs, separated by an albuminous partition, and in this case the albuminous floor and covering are thinner than usual, so that the egg-mass is not greatly enlarged nor distorted. When two la3'ers were thus formed, the young larva^ of the upper layer must have escaped through the emptied cells of the lower. It only remains to add that with a single exception these masses differ comparatively little in size, most of them being nearly or quite five centi- meters long, although some scarcely exceed four centimeters. The single exception is of a mass only a little more than fifteen millimeters long, six millimeters Ijroad, and three millimeters high. It shows no fuxTOw, but may represent only one lateral half of an egg-mass, as the walls of one side are steeper than those of the other and look like the sides of a . median furrow. This mass is so small that only by presuming one-half to be gone and the albuminous covering to be thinner than usual can it be regarded as belonging to the same species with the others, although evidently of a similar nature. In case it belongs to the same species, it may be looked upon as probable that a female usually deposited all hei' eggs in a single bunch, but that in this case some accident preventing it, the remnant was subsequently laid in a mass of much smaller dimensions, one-half of which is preserved. This is the view I am disposed to adopt. Crow Creek, near Greeley, Colorado (Laramie group). Th: C. A. White. Many specimens. 154 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Subfamily HAPHIDIID.^. Stephens. Hitherto only one species of this gronp has been found in Tertiary beds, and its earher existence is unknown ; this single instance is Inoceilia erigena from amber. Now, however, we find them in the rocks themselves, as five species from Florissant are before us, one belonging probably to Raphidia, the others to Inoceilia. This is perhaps one of the most striking of the facts yet discovered in the American Tertiaries ; for the known species of this family not only are exclusively north temperate', but almost exclusively gerontogeic, the only form known from this country east of the Sierra Nevadas being a (probably introduced) European species ; several, however, are known from the west coast, whose insect fauna is well known to have very strong European, or at least gerontogeic, affinities. A point of additional interest is the fact that so many species of Inoceilia are found and only one of Raphidia (and that doubtful), when Raphidia is very rich and Inoceilia very poor in species at the present time. As already stated, the amber species is also an Inoceilia. (September, 1883.) 2'able of the genera of Eaplddiida!. Pterostigma crossed by veiulets and therefore composed of more tban oue cell ; wings three times as long as broad 1. Ra})hidia. Pterostigma composed of a single cell; wings more than three times as long as broad 2 Inoceilia. 1 RAPHIDIA Linne. The single species referred here differs considerably from modern forms in the brevity of the costal vein, the absence of costal transverse veinlets, and other features of the neuration which render its reference to Raphidia doubtful. It can not be referred to Inoceilia on account of the structure of the pterostigma, and it should perhaps be considered as belonging to a dis- tinct genus. If a true Raphidia it is the first one that has been found fossil. Raphidia (?) tranquilla. PI. 14, Fig. 2 ( ^ ). A single specimen in which the head is wanting and the four wings are overlapping ; the neuration is almost exactly similar in all the wings, and they are of equal size, but for the sake of clearness only one of them, an upper wing, has been drawn for the plate. ' It was by error that I alluded to these genera as indicative of a warmer climate for ancient Floris- sant in the Annual Report of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey for 1878, p. 292. NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA-SIALINA. 155 The wings are considerably longer than the al)donien, oval, rounded at the tip, with a gently convex inner margin and a nearly straight costal marofin. The neuration is distinct and Ijlack and in the front wino-s as fol- lows : The pterostigma is small, semi-oval, fuliginous, dee[>ening centrall}^, situated in the middle of the apical half of the wing at the costal margin, cut obliquely by a curving- transverse veinlet at its outer extremity. The costal margin is scarcely expanded at the base, and the costal vein is ex- ceedingly short, terminating in the margin before the end of the basal third of the wing; this feature, with others in the neuration and the total absence (as far as can be seen) of costal transverse veinlets, renders it doubtful whether it belongs to Raphidia in a strict sense. The subcostal vein therefore forms a considerable part of the costal border and is widely sep- arated from the radius and connected with it by a single transverse veinlet in the middle of the wing. The sectors do not arise obliquely from the radius, but are connected with it by straight transvei'se cross-veins, making two long and large pentagonal cells in the middle of the wing beneath the radius, equally broad at both ends. There are three long discoidal areolets, the uppermost narrow, the middle one shorter than the others, the outer limits of all of them nearer to the apical margin than to the inner limits, making the marginal areoles shorter than the discoidal ; all the areolets of tlie central portions of the wing are large, being few in number, and they approach rather near the margin, with which they are connected by few, seldom and then simply furcate, marginal veinlets. Lengthof thorax, 1.85'"'"; of abdomen, 5.2'°'"; of wing, 7.7.5'"'"; breadth of latter, 2.55'"'". Florissant. One specimen. No. 4383 (s). 2. INOCELLIA Schneider. The occurrence of a species of this genus in amber and its present existence only in the north temperate region of the Old World and of our extreme western coast, where the affinities of the fauna are decidedly Euro- pean, render the discovery of four species in our Colorado Tertiaries one of special interest. It is curious, however, that they differ not only from tlie modern forms, but also from the amber species, I. erigena Menge, in lacking the regular arrangement of the cells below the pterostigma to form a trans- verse uniform series of discoidal areoles. 156 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTB AMERICA. The species niav be separated thus : Table of the species of InocelUa. Central sector of the front wiug (or the sector which traverses tlie middle of the wing above the cu- bital cells) arising from a broken series of transverse veins connecting the radins and anal vein 1. /. reterana. Central sector of the front wiug arising in the angle of, and bisecting, the basal cell formed by the junction of the radius and its basal branch. Longitudinal row of cells below the radius of equal or subeqiial length. Front wing about two and a half times longer than broad ; cells just above the cubital cells no longer than they and sliorter than tho.se in the row just beneath the radius; pro- thorax strongly tapering 2. /. somnolenia. Front wing more than three times as long as broad ; cells just above the cubital cells much longer than they and as long as those in the row just beneath the radins; prothorax equal. 3. /. Iiimnlatu. Longitudinal row of cells next below the radius of very unequal length 4. /. eienia. 1. Inocellia veterana. PL 14, Fig. 1. A single specimen lias been found, in which the two front wings are preserved with an obscure body, lacking the head. This front wing is con- siderably longer than thorax and abdomen together, nearly four times as long as broad, the apical margin well rounded, not at all produced. The venation is distinct, dark castaneous ; the pterostigma is of considerable size, faint castaneous, about four times as long as broad, equal, terminated interiorly by a transverse, exteriorly by a very olilique nervule. The cos- tal margin is straight from the base to the pterostigma with no expansion whatever ; the figure of the right wing on the plate is incorrect in this par- ticular, a faint expanded vein being represented where none exists. The subcostal vein runs parallel with the costal vein in the basal half of the wing, and is connected with it by four or five transverse or oblique veinlets, then suddenly turns upward and joins it at some distance before the ptero- stigma. Tlie radius runs parallel to the costal vein throughout, and is con- nected with the subcostal by two or three transverse veinlets. The sectors, or longitudinal veins of the central portion of the wing, do not arise at intervals obliquely from the radius as they do in the other species, as well as in the amber I eogena and in modern types, but together form a broken transverse veinlet, curving around from beyond the middle of the basal half of the radius to the anal vein and at intervals from the upper sector. It seems, therefore, to form a somewhat distinct group of Inocellia. There are two sectors springing from the first sector, one in the middle, the other NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA, 157 ill the middle of the outer half, of the wing ; beyond the origin of the first sector, or the In-oken set of transverse veinlets of which its base forms the origin, there are four or five very long subhexagonal cells just below the i-adius, the third from the base reaching the middle of the pterostigma. The number of sectors is so large that, omitting the marginal cells, there are six radiating series of cells between the radius and the anal vein. The cells of the marginal series are of very varying size and shape, but the veins which form them are very rarely forked. Length of thorax and abdomen, 7.5"""; of wing, 9"""; breadth of same, 25'"". Florissant. One specimeri, No. 1.385, obtained by the Princeton Expe- dition. 2. Inocellia somnolenta. PI. 14, Fig. 12 ( 9 ). One specimen belonging here, witli its reverse, consists of a head and thorax with fragments of legs and wings, among the latter one nearly per- fect front wing overlying part of a hind wing. The head is slender and very long oval in shape ; the thorax stout with a greatly and regularly tapering prothorax forming anteriorly a very slender neck. Front wing well rounded, rather broad for its length, though its exact breadth can not be told from the broken edges. The neuration is distinct and black, the pterostigma faint, fuliginous, long, and equal, about four times as long as broad, squarely margined basally, obliquely margined distally. The costal mai'gin is nearly straight, gently and slightly expanded, the subcostal vein terminating upon it before it reaches the pterostigma by nearly the length of the latter. Beyond the basal cell, which is bisected by the last sector, and corresponds to the cell situated within the broken series of transverse veinlets in I. veterana, there are immediatel}' below the radius three very long subpentagonal cells, the second reaching beyond the middle of the pterostigma. Omitting the cells which border the margin, there are five radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cells are fairly large, varying much in shape but rarely more than twice as long as broad, the terminal veinlets next the margin frequently and widely forked. 158 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of head, 2""' ; breadth of same, 0.8 "" ; length of thorax, 4.5°""; breadth of same, 2.4"'°'; breadtli of neck, 0.3"""; probable length of pro- thorax, 2""; its breadth at base, 1.75"""; length of fore wing, 7"'"' ; its prob- able breadth, 2.5"°". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 9373 and 10389. Another specimen shows the apical half of two overlapping fore wings, which differ so little from the preceding that I place it here at least provis- ionally ; it differs principally in the point of immediate origin of one of the veins terminating in the apex, which in the specimen first described origi- nates in the distal, in this specimen in the proximal of the two cells imme- diately below the pterostigma. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2603. 3. Inocellia tumulata. PI. 14, Fig. 15 ( 3 ). The species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse in which the entire body and nearly the whole of the four wings are pre- served. The head is obscure and ill-defined in part, with no appendages preserved, obpyriform in shape, being broadest in the middle of the anterior half or about three-fourths the length, the front broadly rounded, behind tapering rapidly, so that the base is narrower than the narrow neck formed of the prothoracic segment. This is nearly four times longer than broad, less than half as broad as the head and apparently equal, though the imperfection of the part renders this doubtful. The raeso- and meta- thoracic mass is robust, nearly twice as broad as the head, while the abdo- men is only a little broader than the head, equal, and somewhat longer than the rest of the body. The legs, excepting the fragment of a hind femur, are not preserved. The wings, and especially the front pair, which is considerably longer than the hind pair, are longer than the thorax and abdomen together and more than three times as long as broad. One front wing is almost entirely preserved and separate from the others, so as to be easily studied ; the other front wing, of which only a fragment can be seen, overlies the over- lapping and reversed hind wings ; they do not so closely overlap as to confuse the neuration greatly, and hence nearly the whole can be deter- NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 159 mined, or as far as it is preserved. The front wing is long and rather slender, slightl}- enlarging apically, so as to l)e broadest at the inner half of the pterostigma, the apex well rounded, the costal margin straight, at base broken so that one may not say whether the wings were here expanded or not. The veins of the front wing are black, of the hind wings blackish brown. The pterostigma of the front wings is of moderate size, very dark fuliginous, its proximal margin transverse, its distal very oblique ; except- ing its tapering apical portion, it is nearly equal in breadth or slightly enlarg- ing in the middle and about twice as long as broad ; the figure is here not quite correct. The subcostal vein is straight and strikes the costa at a little more than the pterostigma's distance before the latter; the space between it and the oosta is broken by oblique cross-veins, of which only one remains near the middle of the wing. The radius runs close to the subcostal vein, and is connected with it by a single transverse vein at the middle of the wing. Beyond the basal cell, which is bisected obliquely by the last sectQi", there are, just below the radius, three moderately long pen- tagonal cells, the second reaching nearly to the middle of the pterostigma. Omitting the marginal cells, there are six radiating series of cells between the pterostigma and the anal vein ; the cubital cells are large and broad, being not more than twice as broad as long, while all the other large cells of the wing are exceedingly long and slender, often several times longer than broad, scarcely, if at all, broader in the middle than at the ends, the transverse veins being comparatively few ; the terminal veinlets of the apical half of the lower border are simply and widely forked. In the hind wings, the lower half only of which is preserved, all the terminal veinlets appear to be forked, and excepting at the upper part of the apex, the sectors, which are broadly sinuous, appear to be very rarely connected by transverse veinlets even near the border; at least almost none can be detected. Length of body, 11.8'"™ ; of head, 1.8°"" ; breadth of same, 1'"™ ; length of prothorax, 1.6°""; l)readth of same, 0.35'""; breadtli of thorax, 1.7""'"; length of abdomen, 5.75'"™ ; breadth of same, 0.85°"" ; length of fore wing, 9'°'" ; its l)readth, 2.7'"°'. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 956 and 4330 (<^). 160 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 4. Inocellia eventa. One specimen of this species is preserved in wliich all four wings closely overlapping one another are attached to a partly preserved body sufficiently preserved to judge by the extremity of the abdomen that it was proljably a male, and by its long slender and e(|ual prothorax that it did not differ in this respect from I. tunuilata. The base of the wings is too obscure for determination, but the course of the veins renders it probable that tlie central sector, of the hind wings at least, arises in the angle of the basal cell formed by the junction of the radius and its basal branch ; and in the table it has accordingly been placed in that division of the genus. The general features of the neuration show at all events that it is more closely allied to I. tumulata than to an}- of the others. 'In another specimen the wings are of equal length, the front pair very long and slender, being nearly four times as long as broad, the greatest breadth in the middle of the apical half, although the greater part of the apical half is subequal, the apex well rounded, but slightly produced, the costal margin straight beyond the (obscure) base. The veins of both wings are black. The pterostigma, apparently alike in both wings, is blackish fuliginous, of moderate size, its proximal margin transverse, its distal very oblique, forming a nearly continuous curve with its slightly convex lower margin, the whole a little more than twice as long as broad. The subcostal vein is gently curved and strikes the costa at the pterostigma's distance before the latter; the space between it and the costa is pretty broad and filled by nu- merous straight oblique veins. Below the radius the cell, whose distal extrem- ity lies just beneath the termination of the costo-subcostal interspace, is excep- tionally long, being nearly double the length of the cell beyond it, and the cells which lie beneath its distal extremity are bordered externally b}^ a com- mon line which lies beneath the proximal end of the pterostigma ; the lower of these two cells being the longer, there is formed an oblique series of large conspicuous areoles like those of modern species but more distant from the apex of the wing. The hind wing differs from the front wing principally in form, the apical half being less equal, and in the shortness of the long sub- radial cell of the front wings, which is no longer than the next outside of it; tlie series of cross-veins oi-iginating above at the middle of the pterostigma is more broken, l)ut falls wholly without the proximal end of tlie ptero- stigma, so that the three areoles form a vertical instead of an oblique series; NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— HEMEROBINA. 161 the cubital cells can not be determined in the front wing, but are apparently, as here, pretty large and broad and rarely if ever twice as long as broad, while nearly all the other large cells (especially in the front wings) are very long and slender as in I. tumulata, the transverse veins being few. The marginal veinlets of both wings are simply and widely forked on the lower, and sometimes on the apical, border. Length of wings, 10.5'""'; breadth, 2.7""". This species is evidently more nearly allied to I. tumulata tlian to any of the others, and differs from it, not only in the points brought out in the description, but also in the closer venation of the margin of the wing. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8319, 9391. Family HEMEROBINA Hagen. The two subfamilies Hemerobidae and Chrysopida; which form this group are oppositely represented in the Tertiaries of the Old and New Worlds. The former are well represented in Europe and poorly represented in this country ; the latter are well furnished with species in this country and are unrepresented in Europe. The figures stand as follows: Hemero- bidse, four genera, six species, Europe, vs. two genera, two species, America; Chrysopidae, none, Europe, vs. two genera, four species, America. Compare this with their present distribution as indicated by Hagen in his Synopsis synonymica (1866) : Hemerobidse, ten genera, forty species, Europe, vs. eight genera, thirty-one species, America; Chrysopidas, two genera, forty- one species, Europe, vs. one genus, thirty-one species, America. Here the relation between America and Europe is almost precisely the same in the two countries, a relation which finds no sort of explanation in the distribu- tion of the two groups in the Tertiaries. (September, 1S83.) Subfamily HEMEROBID.^ Stephens. Considering tlie abundance of American Tertiary Neuroptera and the considerable number of Hemerobidaj (four genera, six or more species) found in the Tertiary beds of Europe — mostly in amber — it is somewhat surprising to find only a couple of species in our American Tertiaries. One of these, Osmylus, .from Florissant, is also represented in amber and the two species agree together in certain features which distinguish them from VOL XIII 11 162 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. modern forms The other, an extinct genus, Bothromicromus, from British Columbia, is very different from any the European Tertiaries possess. OSMYLUS Latreille. The species we have placed here agrees somewhat closely with the species from amber, Osm. pictus, referred by Hagen to this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse coloring in the wings, as well as in some minor {Joints of the neuration, as in the distance of the outer series of gra- date veinlets from the outer border of the wing, their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the regularity of the inner series of gradate veinlets, as well as the stiaicture of the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree together, and disagree with living types in the simple character of the costal nervules, the much smaller num- ber of sectors, and the character of tlie basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces are regular and broken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of being so numerously supplied as to break up tlie field into an almost uniform and minute reticulation. The two fossil species would therefore appear to form a section apart. (September, 1883.) OSMYLUS REQUIETUS. PL 14, Figs. 3, 8. Three specimens, two of them with their counterparts, have been found, in which the wings are particularly well preserved, and in which something also can be made out of the body and the antennae. The body is of the usual form, the slender antennae just about the length of the body, composed of multitudinous cylindrical, smooth joints, a little longer than broad and perfectly equal. The wings are very large, the extremity of the abdomen reaching only as far as their middle when closed, and nearly three times as long as broad, broadest a little beyond the middle. They have the shape of those of Chrysopa, the costal margin being suddenl}^ curved downward just before the tip to meet the upturned curve of the inner margin, which is bent be- yond the middle of the wing and meets the costal margin below the middle of the tip of the wing, the latter barely angulated ; besides, however, the costal margin is a little expanded near the base ; the costal area, broad at the base and made a little more so by the slight deflection of the subcostal NEUEOPTERA— PLANIPBNNIA— HEMEROIUNA. 163 vein near the base and opposite the expansion of the costal margin, narrows very gradually towards the apex, and by tlie deflection of the subcostal vein next the tip is cai-ried to the very angulation at the apex, filled throughout with very numerous, oblique, straight, and simple cross-veins. The radius runs in exceedingly close proximity to the subcosta until the margin begins to curve decidedly downward, when it unites with it. I have not been able to detect certainly any basal or other cross-vein between the two, though there are in some specimens slight indications of what may be one near the origin of the main sector ; they certainly do not occur elsewhere. The main sector originates from the radius near the base of the wing, runs near to and parallel with it to the apex, and is connected with it by many (eight or nine) cross-veins ; from it arise eight or nine parallel, oblique, and nearly straight sectors, making in all about a dozen series of equal oblique interspaces in the wing, broken in the apical half of the wing by a couple of series of gradate veiidets, the outer not very far removed from the posterior margin and subparallel to it, finally merging in one of the basal branches of the radius, and from which spring the marginal veinlets whicli are usually deli- cately forked at the very border ; the inner row is parallel to the outer and about as far from it as it is from the margin. Within this the interspaces are broken by a dozen or more irregularly scattered rather distant cross- veins, much asinOsm. pictusof the Prussian amber, but very diff'erent in- deed from the living types of the genus, as already stated under the genus. The margins of the wings are sparsely furnished with delicate hairs, and similar hairs may be seen on some of the veins, especially near the margins, but at great distances, or farther apart tlian tlie length of the hairs. The hind wing does not differ essentiall}' from the front wing, excepting in the width of the costal area. Length of body, 9.75"""; of antenna?, 10"""; of front wing, 15.35°""; breadth of same, 5.35""". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8839, 13012 and 13537, 13538 and 14168. BOTHROMICROMUS Scudder. Bolhromicromus Scudd., Rep. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-77, 46-2 (1878). This genus agrees with Micromus in lacking the recurrent vein above the costal vein next the base of the front wing, and differs from it in the very wide expansion of the costal area at this point and in the possession of 164 TERTIARY INSECTS OF XORTB AMERICA. numerous sectors. In these respects it agrees with Drepanepteryx, but the wing is not falcate, and notwithstanding the wide expanse of the costal area the recurrent nervule is wanting, all the veinlets of this area arising next the base, as elsewhere, from the siibcosta. The wing is shaped much as in Megalomus, to which, indeed, it is closely allied, being broad at the base, very gradually increasing in width apicall}', the extremity rounded, with no abrupt emargination or falcation, but with the inner angle strongly ex- cised. At the base the costal area is nearly as broad as the remainder of the wing ; the costal veinlets are all furcate and apparently connected, much as in Drepanepteryx, by a single line of inosculating veinlets, dividing the area in two nearly equal longitudinal halves. The costa and subcosta run side by side in the closest proximity, but are apparently separated to the apex. Sectors extremely numerous, with a single complete series of gradate vein- lets in the middle of the wing, and another, apparently crossing only the lower half of the wing, more than half-way between this and the outer margin ; veins and margins very shortly ciliated. The genus also seems peculiar in the structure of the maxillary palpi, the basal joint of which is half as broad again as long ; the second and third joints subequal, moniliform ; the fourth a^Dparently only half as broad as the previous, but of equal length, and the terminal again slenderer, but twice as long, being conical, pointed, and unarmed, while the others are furnished on the apical half with scattered setse. Antennte submoniliform, the joints near the base of equal length and breadth, the basal joint double the width of the others ; no hairs can be seen upon the antennal joints. BOTHROMICEOMUS LACHLANI. PI. 2, Figs. 7-10. Bothromicromus lachlani Scudd., Rep. Geol. Surv. Cau., 1876-'77, 462-463 (1878). One front wing and a part of the head with its appendages are pre- served on No. 36, with a pale, brownish tint to the wing, while the reverse, on No. 37, is wholly colorless. The only parts of the head preserved are one eye and a portion of the other, indicated by a broad, black, annular ring; also a few of the basal joints of the antennae, and both maxillary palpi, crossing each other and detached from the head. The wing is strongly expanded at the extreme costal base ; beyond this the costal border is straight, with a scarcely perceptible emargination nearly to the tip. The NEUROrTEEA— PLANIPENNIA— HEMEROBINA. 165 inner margin is almost equally straight, but faintly convex. The extreme tip of the wing falls in the middle of the upper half; below it the wing is strongly excised, but well rounded at the tip and lower outer angle. The shape of the wing, therefore, resembles closely tliat of ]\I:cromus hirtus of Europe. The cubitals are, if anything, more numerous than the A'einlets of the costal area, and beyond the origin of the anterior cubital vein ten origi- nate from the subcosta itself in the basal half of the wing. The first and second of these fork and subdivide several times before reaching the mar- gin, or even long before reaching the first series of gradate veinlets, while the third to the ninth are simple, either quite or almost as far as the very margin. The tenth again forks close to its origin, and the outer sectors originate from its upper branch, which is connected with the costa by infre- quent cross-nervules. The wing is of a pale woodbrown color, the veins margined with a line of dull, pale yellow, and the darker brown of the inter- spaces broken frequently by a slightly paler tint, so as to give the wing a minutely blotched appearance, only visible under the lens. The two series of gradate veinlets are again accompanied by a slightly darker tint, giving the wing the appearance of being crossed by two oblique, dusky lines'. All the margins are minutely and sparingly ciliated, and similar black, rather distant hairs are scattered indisci'iminately over the wing, both upon the membrane and veins, but showing a certain tendency to follow the course of the latter. At the extreme lower base of the wing they are seen to have their origin from minute papillae, less than one hundredth of a millimeter in diameter, and averaging a twentieth of a millimeter apart Length of wing, 9.5"™ ; greatest breadth, 4.25"°" ; breadth at base, S™""; diameter of eye, 0.45"'" ; length of joints of antennae near base, 0.09"" ; of middle joints of maxillary palpi, 0.075""; length of maxillary palpi, 0.4"". Named for R. McLachlan, Esq , the distinguished English neuropter- ologist. Quesnel, British Columbia. Collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, Nos. 36 and 37 of the collection. Subfamily CHRYSOPID^E Brauer. Although species refeired to Chrysopa are mentioned by Andra from the rocks of Thalheim, and by Berendt in amber, the figure given by the former and the study by Hagen of the material in the hands of the latter 166 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. render it more than probable that no Chrysopidse are yet known from the European Tertiaries. It is therefore all the more interesting that we find at Florissant four species of this group referable to two genera hitherto un- known. (October, 1883.) The genera may be separated by the following table : Table of the genera of Chryaopid. i. tertiarium. Male forceps with equal parallel sides for some distance from base. Male forceps comparatively slender, with distinct and tolerably strong falcation. 6. L. gilberti, Male forceps broad beyond the base, with weak falcation 7. L. exsulatum. Species of much smaller size and generally still shorter forceps (the total length about 15°=™ or less). Male forceps stout at base, much smaller and equal beyond 8. i. Hthophilum. Male forceps slender and delicate throughout. Male forceps less than half as long as abdomen 10. i. inferniim. Male forceps fully half as long as abdomen 11- L. labens. 1. Labiduromma avia. PI. 16, Fig.s. 5, 22 ( 5 ), 3, 11, 23 ( 9 ). Head small, rounded triangular ; antennae in no case well preserved, the longest fragments scarcely reaching the tip of the tegmina, the basal joint not precisely determinable, but apparently about twice the diameter of the stalk and subglobular ; the proximal joints of the stalk are cylindrical and from two to three times as long as broad, so that if composed as usual in this genus the antennae could not have extended beyond the tip of the tegmina; palpi shorter than the diameter of the head, nearly as stout as the antennae, the joints half as long again as broad. Pronotum neax-ly circular but subquadrate, apparently longer than broad, and narrower than the head in the female (where it is better preserved than in the male specimens) and the opposite apparently in the male, where it seems to equal or surpass the head in breadth. Tegmina together considerably broader than the head, and square, of equal length and breadth ; folded wings protruding beyond the tesrmina to a distance of three-fourths the length of the latter. Legs moderately stout and not very short, the second joint of the tarsi apparently cordate. Abdomen equal with parallel sides. Forceps simple but of great 206 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTE AMERICA. length, in tlie male as long as the abdomen beyond the wing tips, somewhat depressed, with the basal third straight, its basal half with straight and parallel sides, its ajjical half narrowing on the inner side, the whole inner margin pinched and perhaps a little crenulated, but not toothed nor beaded; the distal two-thirds very gently and slightly arcuate, scarcely tapering, the curve increasing slightl}' toward the bluntlv rounded tip. In the female they are a little shorter, much slenderer and apparently cylindrical through- out, scarcely attingent at the base, with no pinching of the inner edge at the base, and very regularl)^ and gently tapering to a more delicate but still bluntly rounded point ; the arcuate curve is if anything a little stronger, and commences from the base, though the straight basal portion of the male is sometimes indicated by the origin of the arcuation (on the outer edge) at a little remove from the base. Pygidium of the male (not shown in the figures) triangular, longer than broad, half as long as the greatest breadth of the forceps, the apex broadly, bluntly rounded; in the female as long as broad and as the base of the forceps, more or less slightly truncate and rounded at apex. Length of body, excluding forceps, '°'"; breadth of overlapping tegmina at rest, S.S"""". Named for the distinguished entomologist. Dr. Henri de Saussure, of Geneva, Switzerland. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Dr. A. S. Packard, No. 137. ORTHOPTERA— BLATTARI^. 217 ZETOBORA Burmeister. This genus has not before been found fossil, and the species at hand in some particulars more nearly resembles a Blabera ; but its size accords so much better with the species of this genus that it would seem more properly- placed here. Both Zetobora and Blabera are American types and charac- teristic of the warmer regions. Zetobora brunneei. PI. 17, Fig. 12. A species is indicated about the size of Z. monastica Sauss. It differs from the ordinary forms of Zetobora in the regular form of its pronotum, which resembles that of a Blabera, and is scarcely broader behind than in front, very broadly rounded in front, rounded and not angulate laterally, and a little less than half as broad again as long ; it is narrowly and delicately marginate but nowhere distinctly reflexed, perfectly smooth, and completely covers the orbicular head ; it is light colored but edged narrowly with black. The tegmina are thin and provided with closely approximate multitudinous dark veins ; their exact length can not be determined. The legs are moder- ately slender and show a few signs of delicate spines in such a way as to indicate that others not seen existed, and therefore nothing can be said of them. Length of body, 17'"'"; of pronotum, 4.6'"'"; breadth of same, G""""; length of tegmina, 20"'°'?; of middle femora, S""". Named for the distinguished orthopterologist. Dr. Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl, of Vienna. Florissant. One specimen, No. 5122. HOMCEOGAMIA Burm. A single fossil species is referred here, and it is interesting to find that one of the few species described from the European Tertiaries has been re- ferred by Heer to Heterogamia, a name then used to include both Poly- phaga and Homoeogamia. The species of Homoeogamia are few in number and found only in the warmer parts of America. 218 TEETIAltY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA, HOMCEOGAMIA VENTEIOSA. PI. 17, Fig. 8. Homaogamia renlriosna Sciulil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., I, p. 447 (1876). The remains upon which this species is based consist of the apical por- tion of tlie ventral surface of an abdomen. Five segments are seen in nat- ural juxtaposition, showing that the apical portion of the abdomen was very regularly rounded, almost exactly semicircular, the terminal segment pre- senting no break in the regular continuity of the curve. This segment was ample, broader than long, and probably neither very tumid nor greatly keeled ; for in the present perfectly flattened condition of the fossil there is neither break nor folding of the integument; the two segments following this are very strongly arched (the penultimate being semicircular) and greatly contracted at the middle, so that this portion is not less than half as long as the lateral parts ; the anterior border of the antepenultimate segment is straight along the middle ; the segment anterior to this is also arched, though not strongly, is oppositely sinuate (as are to a less extent the seg- ments posterior to it), and also much contracted in the middle, so as to be less than half as long as at the sides ; while its predecessor is slightly arcu- ate in the opposite direction (probably exactly transverse in life), and equal or suijequal throughout. All the segments are uniforndy, rather abundantly, and very delicately granulate throughout. There is no trace of cerci, but the place where they should occur is too broken to assert that they did not exist externally ; still the conformation of this region would lead one to sup- pose that they must have been excessively minute, and perhaps altogether concealed within the segments, as in Cryptocercus Scudd. Length of fragment, 8'""; width of same, 12.25™"; length of terminal segment, 3.6""; width of same, 6.3""; length of antepenultimate segment in the middle, 0.6"'"; at the sides, 1.86"™. I have referred this species to Homoeogamia with some doubt ; on some accounts it would seem to be more nearly allied to Polyphaga ; but as the specimen is too fragmentary to allow of more exact determination I have preferred to place it in the New World genus rather than in its close ally, which is restricted to the Old World. Cockroaches of such large size are indigenous in warm climates only. Florissant. One specimen, Mr. T. L. Mead, No. 8. ORTHOPTEEA— PHASMIDA. 219 Family PHASMIDA Leach. Fossils of this fjimily are among- the great rarities. Yet they have been found even in carboniferous times, as lias lieen abundantly shown by Brongniart. In a collection of over three thousand amber insects possessed by Menge a dozen only belonged to this family and represented three different genera. But excepting in amber, they have never before been recovered from Tertiary deposits. The single specimen found at Florissant is not very far removed apparently from the curious amber genus Pseu- doperla, but is more nearly allied to forms peculiar to the warmer parts of America. (June, 1884.) AGATHEMERA Stal. This genus is composed of few and exclusively American species hav- ing a rather stout, compact, and brief form for Phasmida. All the genera in the inmiediate vicinity are also American, and none of them have befoi'e been found fossil. Agathemera reclusa. PI. 17, Fig. 11. The brevity of the legs, aborted condition of the organs of flight short mesothorax, and comparatively stout abdomen not tapering apically make it tolerably ceitain that the species here found fossil belongs to the group formerly classed in Anisomorpha, and is more nearly related to Agath- emera than any other known genus. The head is quadrate, stout, a little longer than broad ; the pronotum is composed of a larger quadrate piece, narrowing rapidly in front of the insertion of the legs, posterior to the con- traction about equally broad and long, but with It half as long again as broad ; mesothorax a little broader posteriorly than in front and twice as broad as the head, bearing tegmina with rounded tips just reaching its posterior marg'in, the segment of equal length and breadth and a little longer than the other segments of the thorax ; metathorax tapering apical!)^, nearly as long as its greatest breadth, but shorter than the mesothorax, and bearing small functionless wings, not surpassing its borders. A slight raised median line on the front half of the thorax. Abdomen stout, enlarg- ing a little in the posterior half, all the segments broader than long by about an equal amount. The last segment of the abdomen is not preserved, 220 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. but the specimen would appear to be a male. The legs are moderately stout, the hind femora reaching- to about the tip of the fourth abdominal segment. Length of body, 20""" ; of head, 1.5"'"' ; of pronotum, 2.75"'"'; of meso- notum, 3"'"'; of metanotum, 2.6°""; breadth of head, 1.25"""; of pronotum, 1.75°'"'; of mesonotum, 3"""; length of fore and middle femora, 3.25'""'; of hind femora, 4.75"'"' ; of hind tibia;, 5"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 5817. Family ACRIDII Serville. Only ten Acridii have been published as found in the European Ter- tiaries and most of these belong to the Q^^dipodidse or have been placed there. The exceptions are Qlldipoda nigrofasciolata Heer, Gomphocerus femoralis Heer and Acridium bai'thelemyi Hope vN^hich are probably Trux- alidne, and Tetrix gracilis Heer which is certainly a Tettigidea. The six species we have found in America are all Truxalida; and ffidipodidis, so that all but one of the^ known species belong to these two groups, the ffidi- podidse having half as many again as the Truxalida; in general, though the two groups are equall}^ represented in America. It is not a little remarkable that no Acrididtc proper have been found fossil. This group has a vast development in the United States, and together with Phyma- tidae and Pamphagida;, likewise totally unrepresented, is even richer in trop- ical regions. The subfamily best represented may be considered more than any other a denizen of the temperate regions. (July, 1884.) Subfamily TRIJXALTD^E Stal. Nearly a third of the known fossil Acridii belong to this group, and, as stated above, it contains one-half of the American species. The reference of Acridium barthelemyi Hope from Aix to this group is, however, somewhat doubtful, the species being imperfectly described. CEdipoda nigrofasciolata Heer from Radoboj seems to belong here rather than to the ffidipodida;, for the vena intercalata is wholly absent and its close resemblance to the large subtropical genus Scyllina Stal renders it probable that it belongs to that group ; a new resemblance is thereby discovered between the Radoboj fossils and types of the warmer parts of America. (July, 1884.) ORTHOPTERA— ACRIDII. 221 TYRBULA gen. nov. {Tvpftrj). Tin's name is proposed for a gronp of Truxalidae evidently falling in close proximity to Syrbnla Stal, having linear antenna?, enlarged apically, and hind tibiae well provided with spines. The antenna? are more distinctly c'lnl)bed than in Syrbnla, the clnb being abont twice the diameter of the stalk, composed of seven or eight joints of which the last two are very small, forming a rapidly tapering tip. The head is less prominent than in Syrbula and the eyes considerably smaller, being considerably shorter than the in- fraocular parts of the cheeks ; otherwise the general aspect of the insect is the same. The genicular lobes are as in Syrbula. The hind tibiae are abun- dantly spined, in one species even much more abundantly than in Syrbula. TiMe of the species of Ti/rbula. Spines of bind tibije exceedingly numerous, their basal half hardly tapering 1. T. muUispinosa. Spines of hind tibiae less numerous, tapering uniformly throughout 2. T. russelli. 1. Tyebula multispinosa. PI. 17, Fig. 13. This species is represented mainly by fragments of hind wings and hind legs. Of the former nothing more can be said than that they appear to have had a faint smoky tinge with numerous black, delicate veins, and that when closed they extended a very little beyond the tip of the abdomen. The hind legs are long, moderately slender, the tibia? armed with exceptionally numerous spines which are blackish, of uniform width to beyond the middle, and then tapering, mainly by the excision of the under edge, giving them a slightly upturned appearance, five or six times longer than their breadth at the middle, and so closely set that the interspaces and the spines are of equal breadth ; they decrease in length very regularly toward the base of the tibia and to a slight extent toward the apex ; but just how many there are or how far they extend toward the base the imperfect nature of the only specimen preserving the tibia forbids determining ; it seems probable, how- ever, that the number exceeds twenty-five. The specimen from Florissant, preserving the femur, is placed here because its size agrees perfectly with the other specimens and its form indicates the relationship. If it is correctly placed, the femur is stouter and less delicately attenuated than in the next species. 222 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of lemur, 1 7.5""" ; breadth of same, 3.5™"' ; length of hind wings, 23.5""" ; of longest tibial .spines, 0.8""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 138 and 140, Dr. A. S. Packard; No. 51, Prof. L A. Lee. Florissant, Colorado. One specimen, No. 14720, collected by Miss C. H. Blatchford. 2. Tyebula eusselli. PI. 17, Figs. 1-4. A couple of excellently preserved specimens, exhibiting a side view, show most of the body, the antennae, closed tegmina with underlying wings, front and hind legs, and part of the middle legs. The head is not very prominent, with rounded vertex, moderately full retreating front, ej^es rather small, superior, oval, considerably .shorter than the distance from their lower edge to the base of the mandibles; the antenn;ie are nearly half as long as the body, straight, very slender, the apical fifth expanding to a club of twice the diameter of the stalk, the middle joints of which (Fig. 1) are nearly twice as broad as long and microscopically densely punctate. The prono- tum is twice as long as the head, the posterior lobe not projecting very far; the tegmina are slender, broadly rounded apically, reaching when closed the tip of the abdomen. The legs are all very slender and delicate, the front femora not much stouter than the tibife, the fore and middle tibias with a double row of delicate, short, rather frequent spines. The hind femora scarcely reach so far as the closed tegmina, but are slender and graceful, with the middle external field well defined by superior and inferior cariniE or angles, with indications of having been twice annulate with narrow, dusky bands in the distal half, the outer annulus midway between the inner and the apex ; hind tibiaj fully as long as the femora, very slender, armed with a large number (about eighteen to twenty) of delicate tapering spines, considerably longer than the width of the tibi.-v, but more distant (Fig. 4) than in the preceding species ; they are much broken in the specimens. Tarsi with delicate crowded spines. • Length of body, 23""" ; of pronotum, 4.5™"' ; of antenna;, lO"'"'; width of club, 0.4™™; length of tegmina, 18™"'; Avidth of same, 2.7™™; length of fore femora, .5.5™™ ; fore tibiffi, 5.25™™ ; hind femora, 14.5™™; width of hind femora, 2™™; length of longest tibial spine, 0.5™™. • ORTHOrTERA— ACRIDII. 223 Florissant. Two specimens, both apparently females, No. 141 75, ami the one figured, the latter obtained by Mr. Israel C. Russell, of the U. S. Geological Survey, for whom the species is named. GOMPHOCERUS Thunberg. Heer describes a species of this genus from Oeningen. It is of small size, like most of those of temperate America and Europe, while the species here provisionally referred to it is very much larger. I have also seen a species from Aix, labeled as a Gomphocerus by Heer, which may, perhaps, be more nearly allied to Leptysma or Arnilia. Gomphocerus and its nearer allies are rather characteristic of, or at least are at present better known from, temperate regions, and are found around the entire globe. (July, 1884.) Gomphocerus abstrusus. PI. 17, Fig. G. This species is placed here because of its general affinities as indicated by the front half of the body, which, as seen on a side view, is all that is preserved. It does not seem, on several accounts, to belong in the genus, but it plainly comes near it. The head is large and protuberant, with a prominent vertex, sharply angled as seen on a side view, with a rounded, retreating face. Antenuiie slender, very slightly enlarged to a fixint elon- gated club at the apex, nearly reaching to the tip of the pronotum. The latter short, with quadrate deflected lobes, the inferior margin straight. Tegmina lai'ge, dusky, with the interspaces between the longitudinal veins broken at base by straight cross-veins into pretty regular squai'e or sub- quadrate cells. Length of fragment, 21"'°; of head, 4.5"""; length of face, 5.5""; length of antennae, 8°""; of pronotum, 5'"™; height of same, 4°"". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 635 and 11736. Subfamily CEDIPODID^^ Stai. To this subfamily belong most of the fossil Acridii and half of the American species. Heer in his Tertiiirgebilde and his [Jrwelt der Schweiz describes half a dozen species from Oeningen and Radoboj, referring them all to the old genus ffidipoda. Serres mentions a species from Aix which 224 . TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. he compares to Q^^dipoda coerulescens, and I have seen an undescribed form from Aix in the hands of M. Oustalet which is apparently allied closely to Chiuiarocephala. Of the Radoboj species described by Heer, 0. nigrofas- ciolata, as stated above, is probably a Scyllina and not an wdipodid. O. melanosticta is perhai)s an Hippiscus, and 0. haidingeri a Dissosteira, or certainly very close to it. Of the Oeningen species which Heer describes, O. fisclierl looks somewhat like a Chimarocephala, and 0.' germari (not described) is said by Heer to belong near Pachytylus. O. oeningensis is too obscure to say that it belongs in this family. The larger part of the European species would therefore seem to have decided American affinities, Chimarocephala, Dissosteira, and Hippiscus being distinctively American. Of the American species, one is referred to (Edipoda only in a general sense ; the two others belong to new genera, one near the end, the other next the end of the series, in the vicinity of Chimarocephala and Encopto- lophus, American genera. The family finds its greatest development in the north temperate • regions of the world, and is remarkably abundant in forms in North Amer- ica, and particularly in the warmer and more arid parts of the United States. (July, 1884.) NANTHACIA gen. nov. (Nanthace + grasshopper, Otoe). This nauie is proposed for a genus of CEdipodidaj which is allied to Encoptolophus, but in which the upper ulnar vein of the preanal area of the hind wings does not extend nearly to the margin of the wing but ter- minates before the middle, as it does in the tegmina, in a fork which extends above to the radial and below to the lower ulnar vein. Nanthacia torpida. A single specimen of this has been recovered, showing a hind wing only, in which the anal area is closed and the preanal almost fully exposed. The principal radial vein runs in close proximity to the costal margin, and it is connected Avith the veins above by very short cross-veins, and near the tip of the wing by a stigma, as in Encoptolophus. It has two principal ob- lique foi-ks, tlie irmer arising only a little within the middle of the wing and terminating on the ulnar a little before the outer margin, the other arising rather less than a third of the way from the former to the apex and ter- ORTHOl'TKKA— ACKIDII. 225 miiiating In the middle of the apical margin ; the interspaces above the lat- ter fork, above the base of the former and the postradial area, are filled with frequent stout and straight cross- veins, while the interspace betwee.i the radial branches is filled by more distant, often oblique, straight veins, form- ing squarish cells. The membrane appears to have been hyaline and the veins and ci'oss-veins distinct and black. Length of wings, 22'"'"; breadth of preanal area, 2.35""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 9100. CEDIPODA Latreille. A number of European species have been referred to this genus, but only in a broad sense, and, as I have stated above under the family, may most of them be more definitely placed. Here, however, must fall both O. oeningensis Heer and the American species described below, as belonging to the genus in its widest sense, and the Aix species mentioned by Serres may also probably find a place here, as Serres compares it to the type of the genus. In its most limited sense the genus is confined to the Old World. (July, 1884.) ffiDIPODA PK.EFOCATA. PI. 17, Fig. 5, The single specimen found represents the liasal half of a hind wing overlying a similar part of an obscure front wing. By the venation and markings it appears to belong to the (Edipodidee, but it is too imperfect to judge more closely of its affinities. The wing- was a large one, fuliginous, with at least three parallel and equidistant curving rows of paler (or brighter) markings in the form of rather narrow bands, the unddle one apparently in the middle of the wing the broadest and discontinuous, cross- ing most of the wing ; the inner one, midway between this and the base, narrower and crossing the upper half or less of the wing. In the anal area the intercalary veins run far in toward the base of the wing, and in the oviter half become broken into two or even more, so that several rows of cells lie between the anal rays next the outer portion of the wing. Length of fragment, 23™"* ; probable length of wing, 30"'"' ; its proba- ble breadth, IS""' ; breadth of tegmina, 4""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7389. VOL XIII 15 226 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. TAPHACRIS gen. iiov. (edTrru), dup/?). This peculiar genus appeai-s to fall in the Eremobida; or near this group of Q^dipodichr, the intercalary vein of the tegmina being absent, but it does not agree with any of the known genera of that tribe. The head is large and well rounded, smooth ; the vertex of moderate width, the eyes large, not prominent ; antennae cylindrical, uniform, slender, not reaching the extremity of the short pronotum. Pronotum stout, rather short, very slightly and regularly exjianding from in front backward, the lobes of equal length, the anterior divided in the middle by a second transverse incision, the very slight median carina not extending to its anteinor half, which is produced and angulate ; tip of pronotum obtusely angulate. Tegmina longer than abdomen, the costal area broad at base but not convex ; the simple subexternomedian arises in the middle of the wing and the exter- nomedian vein has five branches beyond it, with simple cross-veins in the interspaces and no reticulation ; there is no intercalary vein ; the interno- median vein terminates just before the origin of the subexternomedian in a large, triangular cell (surrounded by irregular reticulation), from the lower angle of which springs a broad fork, the inner branch of which terminates at the end of the short anal vein far within the middle of the wing. The wings are as long as the tegmina, the preanal portions repeating closely, especially in the branches of the externomedian vein, the characteristics of the tegmina. Taphackis reliquata. PI. 12, Figs. 8, ly. The vertex is a little less than half the width of one of the eyes, as seen from above. Antennae composed of about thirty-two joints, each about twice as long as broad, the whole reaching close to the tip of the pronotum. Pronotum slightly longer than its greatest breadth. Tegmina slender and nearly equal, the scapular vein closely approaching the costal margin at about three-fifths the distance from the base, the mediastinal terminating at about two-fifths the distance, the area above it forming a regular triangle broad at base and gradually narrowing, filled with oblique, but toward the base rather irregular, veins. Tlie tegmina appear to have been more or less obscurely testaceous, and jjerhaps more or less blotched, but tiie veins are OKTHOPTERA— LOCUSTAKLK. 227 distinctly marked ; the wings are also testaceous along tlie costal-margin, but elsewhere hyaline witli blackish veins and no sign of intercalary veins between the anal rays. Length of body, 33.5""" ; of head, 2.5"'"' ; of antemuv, 9'""' ; of pronotum, 7.5'™'; of tegmina, 30.5"""; breadth of head, 4.5'""'; of pronotum in front, S'"-"; behind, (i.75'"'"; of middle of tegmina, 4'°"'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 404 and 4643 (?), 7507. Family LOCUSTARI.E Latreille. Like the Acridii, this family of Orthoptera is not well represented in the Tertiary rocks; no specimens of either have been found in amber, ex- cepting a few larvfB of this family. Yet almost all of the larger subfamilies are present both in Eui'ope and America. The Conocephalidje, however, which are represented in America by two species, have none in Europe, and per contra, the Decticidse, which have three species in Europe, do not occur in America. Two of the European species can not be placed, Locustites maculata Heer from Parschlug and Decticus exstinctus Germ., from the Rhenish coal. Ten species, including two referred to only by generic names, have been found in the European Tertiaries, and five in America, besides indications of others. Unlike the Acridii, the ?]uropean and Ameri- can species show few points in common, the species wliich are referred to the same subfamilies being widely separated. (July, 1884). Subfamily PHYLLOPHORIO.E St^l. The only European species of this group, which is best represented in warm, temperate, and tropical countries, is Phaneroptera vetusta Heer from Oening-en, and it is widely distinct from the single American species referred here. (July, 1884.) LITHYMNETES Scudder. Lithymnetts Scudfl., ISuU. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 532-533 (1878). A stout-bodied genus of Phyllophoridse, probably belonging near Steiro- don, but dilfering from tlie entire series into which Steirodon and its allies fall in the great length of its ovipositor, which is at least as long as the abdomen ; while in Steirodon and its allies, so far as I know them, it is seldom more than two or three times as long as broad ; it is also peculiar 228 TBRTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. in the disposition of the principal radial branch of the teguiina. The head is hirge, full, well rounded ; the eye small, almost circular, its longer diameter at right angles to the extremity of the vertex. The pronotum shows no sign of having its lateral borders cristate or even crenulate, but tliis ma}^be due to imperfect preservation of the single specimen at hand, on which it is impossible to determine the form of the lateral lobes. Teg- mina much longer than the body, densely reticulated, very ample, expand- ing at the very base, so as to be nearly equal before the extremity : this is destroyed, but is evidently formed somewhat, and perliaps exactly, as in the Steirodon series, since it tapers on either border, but more rapidly on the inner than on the costal margin, its curve indicating that the apex of the wing is above, and probably considerably above, the middle. The scapular vein, in the middle of the basal half of the wing, curves strongly toward the costal margin, nearly reaching it beyond the middle of the same, and thence following nearly parallel and in close proximity to it ; in the broader part of the costal area, beyond the subcostal vein (which acts in a similar man- ner), it emits three or four branches, the larger ones of which fork and, with the branches of the subcostal vein, strike the costal border at equal distances apart; all these branches are straight, and are connected by irregular, weaker cross-veins, while the interspaces are filled with a still weaker, dense mesh- work. The externomedian vein, parallel to and sepa- rated distinctly from the preceding, emits the principal branch where the scapular curves upward ; this branch continues the basal course of the main vein, is straight, forks at about the middle of the wing, each fork again branching at a little distance beyond, the branches of the upper fork strik- ing the border of the wing where it seems probable the apex falls ; all the branches of this fork curve a little, but only a little, downward ; the second branch of the externomedian vein is emitted shortly before the middle of the wing, and does not reach the margin, dying out shortly beyond the middle of the wing. The subexternomedian vein runs above the middle of the remaining portion of the discoidal area, and emits four inferior branches, at subequal distances, the first of which forks and the second oi'iginates opposite the principal branch of the externomedian vein. Apparently the anal area is pretty long. Wings apparently extending beyond thetegmina. Tlie legs are short, slender, the fore tibire apparently furnished with a moderately broad obovate foramen, the hind tibijv of equal size throughout. OKTIIOPTERA— LOCUSTARI^. 229 slightly longer than the hind femora, and the latter scarcely extending beyond the abdomen. Ovipositor long, broad, saber-shaped, a little up- curved. This is one of the largest Tei'tiary Locustaritc known, if not the largest. LlTHYMNETES GUTTATUS. PI. 17, Figs. 14, 15. Lithymnetcs gultatua Scudd.. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 533-534 (1878). This is the largest insect I have seen from the Tertiary shales of Flor- issant, and is remarkable for the markings of the tegmina, which are covered throughout (with the possible exception of the anal area and the extreme base of the wing, which are obscure) with minute, circular, equidistant, pale spots, situated between the nervules ; they have a mean diameter of half a millimeter, and a mean distance apart of one and a half millimeters. The head is full and regularly rounded on a side view, with no prominences. The antennae appear to have the usual structure, but the second joint is small, and the thickness of the joints above the front of the prothorax is 0.45°"", already diminishing to 0.3""" at the posterior border of the same; they are broken shortly beyond this point, so that their length can not be determined. The mean diameter of the eyes is scarcely more than one-third the shortest length of the genjie. The costal margin of the tegmina is gently convex, with a regular curve throughout, or until close to the tip ; the inner margin has a similar though slighter convexity ; the principal branch of the externomedian vein passes through the middle of the wing. The legs are all slender, the hind femoi'a very sliglit, but little incrassated toward the base, the hind tibite slender, equal throughout, armed at tip with a pair of small, moderately stout, black-tipped spars, the hind tarsi about two-fifths the length of the tibiie, the claw veiy slight. Ovipositor broad, gently curved, at least as long as the hind tibiae, of nearly equal size upon the part preserved. Length of body (excluding ovipositor), 37™™ ; depth of head, 12.5"™ ; larger diameter of eye, 1.85"""; shorter, 1.35""'; distance from lower edge of eye to upper edge of mandibles, 4™™ ; length of preserved part of tegmina, 45.5"'™ ; probable length of same, 55™™ ; distance from base of tegmina to front of head, 13™™ ; from same to base of principal branch of externomedian 230 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. vein, 14.5""" ; breadtli of tegmin;i in middle, 16"""; length of fore femora/ 9"""; middle femora\ 10"""; hind femora, lO*""'; fore tibite, 9..5"'"; middle tibi?p, lOir"' ; hind tibia^ 21"'" ; fore tarsi, 7""" ; hind tarsi, 8"" ; apical spm-s of hind tibise, 1.7.5"'"' ; claw of hind tarsi, O.II"'"' ; greatest breadth of hind femora, 3™"'; length of ovipositor (broken), Is"'"'; breadth at base, o™"' ; at a distance of 14™"' from base, 2.35'""'. The specimen is preserved on a side view, with the left (upper) tegmen and the ovipositor drooping, the other parts in a natural attitude, the legs drooping. Florissant. One specimen, No. 115.57 ($). Subfamily PSEUDOPHYLLID^gE Burmeister, The Tertiary species described by Heer from Greenland under the name of Locusta groenlandica falls probably in this family; but there is no close connection between it and the American species described below. The distribution of the family at the present day is in general similar to that of the last named. (July, 1884.) CYMATOMERA Schaum. This tropical or subtropical Old World genus does not jji-operly find a representative in the American rocks, but the species here described, too imperfect for separate diagnosis, appears to fall in its near vicinit}' and is consequently referred here provisionally. No fossil species is known. Cymatomera maculata. P1.17, Fig. 7. A couple of spotted fragments from near the base of the tegmina of a locustarian are placed here provisionally, because they agree better with the group represented by that genus than with any other, though they plainly can not belong to Cymatomei'a in any strict sense. Tlie better of the two fragments shows the base of a broad wing, with dark brownish, lon- gitudinal veins, spreading widely, and the spaces between them ov their branches broken by very frequent, long cross-veins into short but very deep quadrangular cells, while the whole surface, largely independent of the ' There is some doubt about these measnrements, the basal portions being obscure. ORTHOPTI'^RA— LOCUST ARI^F.. 231 cells and even of the veins, is heavily blotched with irregular spots of paler or deeper brown. The largest and deepest of the spots is central, following the here approximated radial and ulnar veins. Length of tlie fragment, 8.5""; breadth of the s?me (probably nearly the breadth of the base of the wing), 12.5"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1724, 2844. Subfamily CONOCEPHAI.ID.E StM. Although unknown in the European Tertiaries, this subfamily of locus- tarians, pretty well developed in the southern half of the United States, and far more so than in Europe, is represented by two forms from the Tertiaries of Florissant, not distantly allied to forms still existing in our country. (July, 1884.) ORCHELIMUM Ser^^lle. This genus, not before found fossil, and represented in North America by a considerable number of species, especiall}- in the warmer portions of the United States, is found in the shales of Florissant, a large species hav- ing been disinterred. In its broad sense the genus is widely distributed over the globe, but in a narrower one, in which our fossil will fall, it is, I believe, peculiar to America. (July, 1884.) Orchelimum placidum. PI. 17, Figs. 10 ( 9 ), 18, 10 ( 5 ). Though obscurely defined, especially in the very parts which are necessary to examine for close determination, the specimens at hand have so clearly the aspect of an Orchelimum that we may safely consider them as belonging to that modern genus, which Stal unites with Xiphidium. The species is a ver}^ large one, larger even than O. concinnum Scudd., which is the largest known to me, and has the angulated fastigium (seen on a side view) and retreating face characteristic of the genus. The folded tegmina and Avings extend some distance beyond the abdomen, and the ovi- positor, which is well preserved and permits one to see that the upper and lower blades are of equal length, is peculiar for its length and bluntness of tip. It is also much slenderer than in 0. concinnum and less curved, in which respects it approaches Xiphidium. 232 TEliTIARY INSECTS OF NORTfl AMERICA. Leng-th of body, S ;U""", ? 28'"""; of teg-niina, 2 29""": of hind femur, c?23"""; of ovipositor, 16"'"'; breadth of latter in middle, 1.1""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 13551 (jf), 7748 and 13550 (?). LOCUSTA Linne. This genus, which occurs in the Old and New Worlds alike, but in the New World only in the western portion of our countr}", has never before been found fossil, several species referred to Locusta belonging elsewhere. Locusta groenlandica, as stated, is probably one of the Pseudophyllidfe, and the Locusta mentioned by Serres as found at Aix is, to judge from his ref- erence, one of the Decticida\ A single form has been found at Florissant not unlike the living species. (July, 1884.) Locusta silens. PI. 17, Figs. 9, 10. A single specimen showing the base of the abdomen, with a side view of the folded wings and tegmina and a portion of the hind femur, indicates a species of true Locusta about as large as L. occidentalis Thorn, from Cali- fornia. The arrangement of the veins in the tegmina, thoiigh confused bv the overlapping of the wings, is nevertheless distinctly that of Locusta proper; this does not appear in the plate, where the mediastinal and internomedian nervules are not shown, and the scapular vein made to do duty as the costal margin. The wings were apparently obscurel}^ griseons and perhaps longi- tudinally streaked as in the recent species mentioned. The hind femora were slender just as in Locusta, but along tlie middle of the outer face in the thickest portion is a distinct though very delicate carina showing in some parts, as in Fig. 9, a very delicate spinulation. The modern species mentioned has no mid-lateral carina. Length of tegmina, 42""' ; width of same, 7'°™ ; probable length of hind femora, 32™"'; width of same, 3.5""'". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7544. Subfamily GRYLLACRIDID.^ Stal. This family has been supposed to have a great antiquity, but this may be doubted, since I have sliown elsewhere that several of the species from Carboniferous deposits referred here belong rather to the neuropteroid series. We find, liowever, several Tertiary species referred here, two from Radoboj, ORTHOPTERA— LOOUSTARI.E. 233 Gryllticris charpeutieri Heer and (I. uiigeri Heer, as well a,s a reference to the geuus by Cai^ellini of a species found in the Italian Tertiaries. A single American species has been found. (July, 1884.) GRYLLACRIS Serville. All the Tertiary members of the family have been referred loosely to this genus, and it is with the same looseness, necessary from its imperfect state, that tlie single Florissant species is also referred to it. Tlie presence of this form at Florissant is indicative of a much warmer climate than found at present in that latitude. (July, 1884.) Gryllacris cinkris. PI. 17, Fig. 17. Though no Grvllacris proper and differing considerably even from the fossil species which have been referred here, the only specimen is too obscure to speak very positively of its affinities. The insect is of very stout form, the head large, appressed. flattened beliind, convex in front, the eye tolerably large, twice as long as deep; the thorax stout, the abdomen very stout, full, tapering apically, the legs rather small, the tegmina and wings moderately ample, about as long as the body. Tegmina with a nearly straight costal margin, a prominent shoulder near the base, the tip well rounded and a little produced, the inner margin rather full ; the medi- astinal veins with their fan-like distribution occupy the basal third of the costal border ; the scapular vein terminates on the same margin a little before the tip, and emits equidistant, parallel, oljlique, superior Ijranches throughout its course; the externomedian runs parallel to the former ; in the latter half of the wing it emits inferior, longitudinal, parallel branches which occupy the whole tip of the wing, and from before the middle a sin- gle liranch with one or two superior nervules parallel to the others ; the nervules below this have also a longitudinal direction, but their attachments are obscure. The neuration of the hind wing is similar, but the mediastinal and scapular areas are excessively narrowed, while the lower areas are expanded as in most orthopterous hind wings. The plate is in error in making the terminal portion of the externomedian vein branch from the scapular vein. 234 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, Length of body, 25""" ; of head, 3""" ; depth of same, fi'='"' ; length of tegmina, 27"""; breadth of same, 8.5"""'; of wing, 11.5""". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 4499 and 4642. LOCUSTARI^ sp. Among the Orthoptera noticed in the Green River shales is a tibia and fragment of the attached femur of what is apparently the middle leg of a Lociistarian about the size of a Phylloptera. Green River, Wyoming. No. 15233. Family GRYLLIDES Latreille. Fossil species of this family are not numerous ; only a single species has been fully described from amber, and a second figured from Oeningen. At Aix, however, they appear to be tolerably abundant, for Serres men- tions no less than seven species, of which two are Gryllotalpa^ (Heer also mentions a Gryllotalpa from Oeningen), one a Xya, while he compares the four others to species of fficanthus, Gryllus, and Nemobius. Heer's Oen- ingen species is probably a Nemobius and the amber species one of the Trigonidii.' We have also seen a couple of species of Nemobius from Aix in the hands of M. Oustalet at Paris. Our own species, three in numbei-, all appear to belong in close proximity to one another and to the Gryllida3 pro])er, but require for their proper elucidation to be classed in a distinct genus. They all come, curiously, from the Green River beds. (June, 18S4.) PRONEMOBIUS gen. nov. (;rpo, Nemobius, nom. gen.). Having the facies of Nemobius, but with the hind femora entirely devoid of spines, or even serrulations. The species seem to differ considei'-ably in certain points, but as they Jill agree in this particular, which is unique, not only in this tribe, but among Gryllides generally, they are placed together. The species may be separated as follows : Table of Ihc xjiccies of Proncmohiiis. Hiud femora large, exceediug 10""" in length ]. P. iiidiiraliis. Hind femora small or medium sized, less than 8""" in length. Hind femora hairy 2. P. tci-tiarius. Hind femora smooth 3. P. sniitliii. ' The hiud tibiie must certainly he represented as shorter than they should he, as in other respects the representation appears to be that of a Cyrtoxiphns, in in-hich (as in all Trigonidii) the hind tibiis are very nearly as long as or longer than the hind femora. ORTHOPTERA— GRYLLIDES. 235 1. Pronemomus induratus. PI. 6, Fig. 18. This species, much the largest of tlie three here described, is repre- sented by two hind legs and a poi'tion of one of thetegmina, found in prox- imity to one of the legs. The wing, shown in the figure, has a portion of the costal field displayed on the left with three or four parallel veins curving toward the margin, one of them forked — an unusual circumstance ; and on the right the larger portion of the basal half of the dorsal field, where tlie simplicity and flowing course of the veins, in which no tympanum is constructed, indicates a female. The neuration, however, is very diff"er- ent from the prevailing simple type of the Gryllidae proper and much more closely resembles that of the llryllotalpida^. or of some Eneopteridae, the oblique veins of the middle of the wing, whose course is toward the lateral margin of the field, being offshoots of a couple of basal veins whose obliquity is toward the inner margin. The hind femora are rather slenderer than usual among Gryllidse, but not so slender as in the Eneopterid« and allied subfamilies, rather sparsely hairy above and with the outer face dusky, and marked by pale, oblique lines. The hind tibia is present in only one speci- men and a little incom25lete, so that one can not say whether it is longer or shorter than the femur ; it is uniformly and rather sparsely haired throughout. Length of fragment of wing, 7°"" ; of hind femur, 11-12'""' ; breadth of same, 3.25""° ; of fragment of hind tibia, 8.5""' ; breadth of same, 0.9""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 136, 139, Dr. A. S. Packard. 2. Pronemobius tertiarius. PI. 6, Figs. 1.?, 21, 23. Nemobhis tcrliariiis Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geo!. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 774 (1878). This species was first described from legs onl}-, by which it was judged that the insect must have been rather smaller than our coumion Nemobius vittatus (Harr.), its hind femur being 7"™ long, broad, and stout, especially near the base, where it measures 2.1"" ; its upper half is covered with ex- ceedingly delicate, recumbent hairs directed backward ; there are also a few hairs upon the slender hind tibia, which is broken just where it begins to enlarge, showing signs of the upper spines ; this portion is about three- 236 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. fourtlis tlie length of the femur. The front femur and tibia, wliich are each only 2.25""" long, also indicate a small species, and one that is unusually free from spines, no hairs even being discernible on this front leg. Since then other and more perfect specimens have come to hand, in- cluding some a little larger, showing its size to be about that of the recent species referred to. The body has the same general form. The head seems to be a little longer in proportion to its breadth, the eyes perhaps a little smaller, the basal joint of antennae the same. The pronotum is of the same form, but both head and pronotum are only spai'sely clothed with very short hairs. All the winged specimens ai'e females, and the tegmina are about three-quarters the length of the abdomen, much more delicately constructed than in Nemobius, the veins being more frequent and much slenderer ; on the costal field they run perfectly parallel at a slight angle from the lateral angle between the fields ; on the dorsal field they are less numerous, heavier, straight, and parallel, but more frequent and weaker than in Nemobius vit- tatus. The wings are fully half as long again as the aljdomen. The ovi- positor is short, not reaching to the wing tips, slender, and straight. The hind femora are shaped as in Nemobius, hairy, the hind tibijB shorter than the femora, enlarging a little toward the tip, and hairy, but without a trace of spines ; the hind tarsi are about half as long as the tibijie, the first joint longer than the others combined, all of them cylindrical. Length of body, 9.5""° ; tegmina, fj""" ; wings, 9.5™" ; ovipositor, 3.5""" ; hind femur, 5""" ; hind tibia, 4.5""" : hind tarsi, 2.5°"". Green River, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 18, 20 (collectetl by F. C. A. Richardson); 4188 (collected by S. H. Scudder) ; and Nos. 135, 141, 142 and 144, 143 (collected by Dr. A. S. Packard). 3. Pronemobius smithii. PI. G, Fig. 22. Two specimens of this species are preserved, one showing a side view of the whole body, the other a nearly A^entral view of the hinder half ; both appear to be females, but the liinder portion of the abdomen is lost with the ovipositor, the length of which can not be determined, unless some obscure marks behind one of the specimens are to be considered as indicating that it was short as in P. tertiarius. The head as seen on a side view is as long as the pronotum, like which it is very delicately, almost imperceptibly. OKTIJOl'TERA-GRYLLIDES. 237 scabrous and hairless ; the eyes are small, scarcely more than one-fourth the diameter of the head ; the tegmina less than twice as long as the pro- notum ; the wings very long, reaching twice as far as the tips of the hind femora ; the hind legs unusually slender and smooth, neither femora nor tibiw being even liair\- ; the tibia' are not enlarged at their extremity, and the hind tarsi are about half as stout as the tibia\ with a long basal joint. Length of body as preserved, 7""" ; probable entire length, 8.5""" ; length of pronotum, l.G"""; of hind wings, 8.5°""; of hind femora, 3.5™"' ; breadth of same, 1.1'""' ; length of hind til)i;e, 2.5'""' ; breadth of same, 0.2""". Named after Prof S. I. Smith, of Yale .College, who has contributed to our knowledge of the Orthoptera of New England. The species is smaller than the preceding, has proportionally much longer wings and a smoother integument. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 134, 145, Dr. A. S. Packard. AVitli this group we reacli the most important section of the present work, since it of all the lower orders of insects was far the most abmidant at Florissant. As, however, the group is divisible into two great suborders under which, separately, such general statements as seem appropriate regard- ing the relative representation of the families will be given, we reserve here only a brief remark or two upon the relation of the two suborders. I presume it can not be far wrong to state that the homopterous fauna of any given region of considerable extent in the north temperate zone is to the heteropterous fauna as about one to three, or, in other words, that about 25 i^er cent of the hemipterous fauna is homopterous. These figures are the result of the comparisons of several faunal lists. In Mr. Uhler's List of the Hemiptera of the United States west of the Mississippi (the geographical area of our present work), the Homoptera hold a still more insignificant place, forming scarcely more than 13 per cent of the Avhole. In tropical countries a ver}- different proportion obtains, the Homoptera holding, or nearly holding, their own beside the Heteroptera, and subtrojaical countries or those which feel the direct influence of their proximity show an inter- mediate position ; thus in Berg's Enumeration of the Argentine Hemiptera the proportion of the Homoptera to the whole is almost exactly 30 per cent Now, it is precisely this proportion, 40:93, or 30 per cent, which Heer found, the fossil Homoptera to hold in his first essay on the fossil Hemiptera of Oeningen and Eadoboj. A careful enumeration of the fossil Hemiptera of Europe to-day gives the Homoptera 34 per cent of the whole fauna ; but, if those from the amber (which greatl}' heighten the projiortion of Homoptera) be excluded and we reckon those of the rocks only, the Homoptera have 27 per cent. On the other hand, if we take only the fiiuna of the Oligocene of Europe, including the amber, the proportion of the Homoptera amounts to 41 per cent. This clearly indicates an approach to tropical relations. Our own Tertiary fauna is almost exclusively Oligocene, and has been found in a HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTEEA. 239 multitude of minor points to show distinct tropical relations, and it therefore becomes of peculiar interest to learn the numerical relation herein of the Homoptera to the Heteroptera. Now here, much as in the Oligocciue of Europe, we find the Homoptera claiming- 40 per cent of the whole hemip- terous fauna. The significance of these tig-ures can hardly be doubted. The number of Tertiary Hemiptera of the whole world is now to be reckoned at 5C9, of which 355 are Heteroptera and 214 Homoptera. The abundance of Hemiptera in our Western Tertiaries may perhaps fairly be pictured when we remember that Heer in his first elaboration of those found in the rocks of Europe enumerated 133, and that in the present work, the first elaboration of those of America, the number is almost exactly double, 2ii5. In studying- this group I have been greatly aided by many kind favors from my friends, Mr. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, and Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo. Order HOIVLOPTER^ LatreiHe. The variety of forms referable to the families of Homoptera that have been found in the American rocks is not a little surprising, and it includes some remarkable forms. All the families are represented excepting- the Stridulantia, and this exception is the more noticeable because the presence of this family has been signalized in several instances in the European Ter- tiary rocks, and species believed to belong here have even been found in the Mesozoic deposits. Yet two families, Coccidte and Psyllidii?, occur witli us, and have not yet been found in European rocks, though Coccidfe are known from the Baltic amber. In all we find represented six families, thir- teen subfamilies, fifty-five genera, and one hundred and twelve species in the four hundred specimens that have been examined. The families Coccidae and Psyllidaj, however, are very feebly repre- sented by a few examples only, the great bulk of the fossils both in Eu- rope and America belonging to the four families. Aphides, Fulgorina, Jassides, and Cercopidse ; in each of these, with the possible exception of the Jassides, the variety and abundance of forms is greater in America than in Europe, even including the types from amber, while a comparison of the rock deposits alone would show a vast preponderance on the American side. In individuals the Cercopidse easily hold the first rank, and this appears to be true in Europe as in America; next follow the Aphides, for which in variety of type and in interest America far excels. The Jassitles appear to 240 TERTIARY INSECTS OF JSTORTU AMERICA. present relatively the least interest, but the absence from American deposits of one whole division of that family, the Merabracida, is rather surprising in view of their presence (though rarely) in European deposits and their relative abundance in America to-day. The following tabular enumeration of the species and genera occurring in the European and American Tertiaries may serve to present in a clearer light the agreements and disparities between them. The American list is drawn from the descriptions in the present work, while the European is from miscellaneous sources, and includes all those genera and species which have been merely indicated as occurring in certain deposits, and so it miglit fairly be considerably reduced. It should not be overlooked, moreover, that it includes all the amber forms : Suvimari/ list of knowti fossil Homoptera. Faiiiilies. CoccidiE Aphides Psyllida; Fulgorina ... Jassides Cercopid.r- ... Stridulantia. Total America. Europe. Genera. Species. i Genera. Species. 1 1 6 9 15 32 4 20 2 2 0 0 16 29 7 18 11 21 9 24 lO 27 4 24 0 ' 0 1 7 55 112 31 :o2 If we exclude the amber forms and compare the fauna of the rocks only, we shall reach a very different result, as tlie following table shows : Table of fossil Homoptera from rock deposilx. Families. America. Europe. Genera. Species. Genera. Species. Coccidffi 1 1 15 32 2, 2 16 1 29 11 ! 21 10 27 U ^ 0 0 3 0 3 8 4 1 0 8 0 3 18 21 6 Aphides PsvIlidiH Fulgorina Jassides Cercopidu" Stridulantia Total 55 112 « 56 HEMIPTERA— HOafOPTERA— COCCID^. 241 This table shows clearly how poorly the Aphides and Fulgorina are preserved in the European as compared with the American rocks. It has been necessary to establish a large number of new generic groups to contain the American forms, which perhaps would not have been the case to the same extent had a really good selection of existing tropical American types been accessible ; for the affinities of nearly the whole homopterous fauna of our Tertiaries are plainly subtropical. It is curious to see how highl}- developed some apparently extinct types were in that day ; the family groups were quite as trenchant as now, and while we find in some, as in Aphides, marked departures from modern structure, it in no way appears to affect the family characters or to mark any approach toward the neighboring groups. Some genera now apparently extinct seem to have attained a high degree of differentiation, as witness Aphidopsis among the Aphides, Dia- plegma among the Fulgorina, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes among the Cercopidse ; of all of these there were several species, and more than occur in any other generic group excepting Agallia among the Jassides, which is equal to the least prolific of them. As a general rule it is also in just these genera that the individuals are the most abundant, notably among the Cercopidse, which as a family is almost twice as numerous as all the others together, though the least among these larger families well provided with generic distinctions ; for the three genera, Palecphora, Lithecphora, and Palaphrodes, with their fifteen species, not only outnumber in specific types the other seven genera of Cercopidse (twelve species), but they contain more than nine-tenths of the individuals of this family which have passed under my eyes. Family COCCI D^E. The only fossils of this group hitherto known are some that occur in amber. Three species referred to Monophlebus were described and figured by Grermar, and Menge has since added short descriptions of half a dozen species referred to Aleurodes, Coccus (2), Dorthesia, and the extinct genera Ochyrocoris and Polyclona. To these we are able to add a single species from Florissant. MONOPHLEBUS Leach. This is an Old World genus which has never been detected living in America. The species are largely from tropical regions, but a single one is recognized from Europe. On this account there is special interest in the VOL. XIII 16 242 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. occurrence of three species of this group in Prussian amber, described by Germar in Koch and Berendt's great work, and it is still more interesting to find a species apparently belonging to this genus from the shales of Flor- issant, Colorado. MONOPHLEBUS SIMPLEX. The single specimen referred to this genus agrees better with the fossil than with recent types. It is a fairly well preserved body, with the dorsal surface uppermost, but slightly turned to one side ; the wings partially expanded, and all the legs of one side showing excepting the tarsi ; unfortu- nately no a.ntenn8e are preserved. The head is small and subcircular ; the thorax large, subquadrate, tapering abruptly in front to the width of the head, which is hardly more than half the width of the thorax. Wings of the shape of those of M. pinnatus from amber, about three times as long as broad, well rounded, showing with distinctness only the subcostal vein which I'uns from near the base toward the costa, on approaching which it follows the thickened margin almost exactly parallel to it to the extreme tip of the wing, much as is seen to be the case in M. pinnatus, though here separated more widely from the shoulder of the wing at its base ; besides these there are only visible the base of the median vein from which the sub- costal takes its rise, running but an extremely short distance into the heart of the wing, and a mere spur of the lower vein which arises barely before the subcostal and runs into the heart of the wing a less distance than does the oblique basal part of the subcostal. The legs are subequal in lengtli ; the tibiae a little longer than the femora and scarcely slenderer ; all are slight. The abdomen is long oval, well rounded behind, and composed distinctly of nine joints, of which the penultimate is very slight but the pre- ceding ones subequal, with no signs of any lateral or terminal appendages. Length of body, 3.2.5°"" ; breadth of same, 1°""; length of wing, 2.5°"" ; breadth, 0.8""; length of hind femora, O.?""; hind tibiaj, CTS""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7561. Family APHIDES Leach. One would hardly suppose that objects of such extreme delicacy and minute size as plant lice would be found in a fossil state. Yet they are by no means infrequent, and have even been found in the Secondary deposits of England ; for in Brodie's work two objects which appear to be wingless HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTKRA— APHIDES, 243 forms are figui-ed, and besides these another winged plant louse of a diminu- tive size, showing the characteristic venation of the group. In the Ter- tiary rocks a considerable number of species have been found; most of these have been referred to Aphis (twelve species) and Lachnus (eight), and so belong, like the bulk of living species, to the subfamily Aphidinas ; but the Pemphiginse are represented by a Pemphigus fi'om Oeningen and the Schizoneurinaj by a Schizoneura from amber. Besides occurring in these localities they have also been found at Radoboj, Aix, and Ain, in Europe, and we can now add several localities in our own country. That they are not scarce in amber is shown by Menge's collection, which in 1856 included fifty-six specimens. But these are few compared with the number from Florissant, where more than one hundred specimens have been found, about seventy of them determinable, though in the other American localities — Green River and Quesnel, Bi-itish Columbia — only two or three specimens have occurred. Indeed, by the present publication the number of known fossil species is doubled. There are some remarkable features about the Florissant forms. The mass of them belong, as is the case with those from the European Tertiary rocks, to the Aphidinse proper. But both here and in the Schizoneurinse, to which the remainder appertain, we are met by two remarkable facts, one that the variation in the neuration of the wings is very much greater than occurs among the genera of living Aphidinae and Schizoneurinse, and greater also than occurs in the known Tertiary forms of Europe, requiring the establishment of a large number of genera to represent this variation ; and, second, that at the same time there is one feature of their neuration in which, without an exception, they uniformly agree, and differ not only from the modern types but from the European Tertiary insects. This fea- ture is the great length and slenderness of the stigmatic cell, due to the removal of the base of the stigmatic vein to the middle (or to before the middle, sometimes even to the base) of the long and slender stigma, and its slight curvature ; it is a fact of particular interest in this connection that in the only wing we know from the Secondary rocks precisely this feature occurs, as illustrated in Brodie's work (see PI. 4, Fig. 3). So, too, the cubital space is largely coriaceous, so that the postcostal vein may be considered as exceedingly broad and merging eventually, without the intervening lack of opacity, into the stigma proper. As a general rule the wings are also very long and narrow and the legs exceedingly long. In all these charac- 244 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. teristics the American plant lice appear as a rule to differ from forms so far described from the European Tertiaries. The single winged species figured by Berendt from amber, however, shows precisely this character as far as the length of the stigraatic cell is concerned, which is about two-fifths the length of the wing. These figures are incorrectly copied by Buckton, with the remark that the neuration is abnormal, which it certainly is in his figure. It will be interesting to know whether the other species of the Baltic amber will show a similar departure from the condition of the stigmatic cell in modern types. Not a single one of the Florissant forms can be referred to an existing- grenus. Table of the genera of Aphides. Cubital vein twice forked Aphidinse. Cubital vein arising at less than lialf the distance from the iirst oblique to the stigmatic vein. Stigmatic vein arising midway between the first and second forks of the cubital vein or dis- tinctly nearer the second fork. Origin of the stigmatic vein midway between the first and second forks of the cubital vein. Apex of cell about three times as broad as its base 1. Catanenra. Apex of cell about six times as broad as its base 2. Archilachnim. Origin of the stigmatic vein scarcely or not before that of the second fork of the cubital vein. Base of second oblique vein several times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein 3. Geranchmn. Base of the second oblique vein midway between the first oblique and the cubital vein 4. Shenaphis. The stigmatic vein ari.sing opposite the first fork of the cubital vein or distinctly nearer it than the second. First cubital branch nearly or quite four times as long as the basal stem of the cubital vein 5. Aphantaphu. First cubital branch at most three times as long as the basal stem of the cubital vein. First oblique vein parting from the main vein at an angle of less than 55°. 6. Siphoiiophoroides. First oblique vein parting from the main vein at an angle of more than 70°. 7. lAfhaphia. Cubital vein arising at half or more than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stig- matic vein. Main veins arising at nearly equal distances apart 8. Tephraphia. Main veius ari.sing at distinctly unequal distances apart. Second oblique vein at ba.se rarely so much as twice as near the first oblique as the cubital vein 9. Aphidopsis. Second oblique vein at base four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein. The first oblique vein straight, not two-thirds as long as the second oblique vein, and considerably divergent from it 10. Ori/ctaphu. First oblique vein curved outward, nearly as long as the second oblique vein, ami hardly divergent from it 11. Sj/chnobrovhiis. Cubital vein once forked Scllizonciirinae. Cubital vein arising at more than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic vein 12. Schizotieuroides. Cubital vein arising at less than half the distance from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic vein. Cubital vein forking beyond the base of the stigmatic vein 13. Amalanchum. Cubital vein forking before the base of the stigmatic vein. Base of second discoidal cell less than three times the width of that of the first. 14. Anconotua. Base of second discoidal cell more than five times the width of that of the first. 15. Pteroatigma, HEMIPTERA—^OMOPTEEA— APHIDES. 245 1. CATANEURA gen. nov. {nard, vsvpa). Head very small, apparently destitute of frontal tubercles. Antennae unknown. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time about as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. The second oblique vein arises a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a slightly less angle, the first discoidal cell between them about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora about half as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate, apparently with a short and stout cauda. Table of the species of Catanenra. First discoidal cell more transverse thau longitudinal; cubital vein very distant from the stigmatic, approaching the second oblique vein 1. C. absens. First discoidal cell as longitudinal as transverse; cubital vein approximating the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein 2. C. rilvyi. 1. Cataneura absens. The single specimen shows little beside the wings folded flatly over the back, but the head and thorax and one of the femora are also preserved. The fore wing is about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight and very long, parting at the postcostal at an angle of about thirty-five degrees ; second oblique vein slightly sinuous, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees ; the first discoidal cell between them very long considering that it is moi-e transverse than longi- tudinal, the base moderately narrow, the apex, as measured on the hind margin, about three times as broad as the base. Cubital vein taking an exceptionally low course, so as to be very distant from the stigmatic vein throughout, first forking half-way to the hind border, then bent outward. Stigmatic vein arcuate and divergent at base. Length of body, 4°"° ; of fore wing, 6.5°"°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 607. 2. Cataneura rileyi. The head with part of the antenna, the thorax with most of the legs and one wing, and, obscurely, the abdomen are preserved in the single example known. The fore wing is about three and a half times longer than 246 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. broad. The fii'st oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at scarcely more than forty five degrees, and the second oblique, which is also straight, at as little less, the first discoidal cell being, nevertheless, only moderately long and narrow, andmorethan three times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein broadly arcuate, occupying the middle of the space assigned to it, first forking at scarcely more than a third way to the hind margin and again at less than half-way to the tip. Stigmatic vein parting very narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very slender and nearly or quite a third the length of the wing. Length of body, 4™"^ ; of fore wing, 6°"°. Named for Dr. Charles Valentine Riley, whose researches on the grape root aphid. Phylloxera, to mention only this, are widely known. Florissant. One specimen, No. 2916. 2 ARCHTLACHNUS Buckton. ArcUlachnm Buckt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177 (1883). The head appears to be without frontal tubercles, and the antennae are slender, almost as long as the body (perhaps longer), with the basal joints as in Aphis. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stiffma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time as far beyond the origin of the stigmatic as it is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein arising a little nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, at an angle of about forty-five degrees with the post- costal, the first at a distinctly less angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about six times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout, the hind pair about as long as the fore wings. Abdomen broad ovate with a short and moderately stout cauda. The genus was not separately characterized by Buckton. I do not see any special relation to Lachnus. Table of the species of Archilachnus. Larfie and stout species. Culiital vein bent at its first furcation, otherwise straight.. -I. A. pennatns. Small and slender species. Cubital vein gently arcuate throughout the tirst two-thirds ot its course. 2. A. mudgei. HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 247 1. Archilachnus pennatds. PI. 18, Figs. 1, 15-17. Archilachnita peiinatiia Buckt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177, PI. 133, Fig. 3 (1883). As preserved, the head and thorax are uniform and considerably darker than the abdomen. The body is stout. Fore wing more than two and a half times longer than broad, with the postcostal vein thick, straight, and uniform, running into the very long and fusiform stigma, and separated by a narrow space from the margin, which is gently convex, and so a little more distant at base. First oblique vein arising at one-third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, straight, parting from the post- costal at an angle of about sixty degrees ; second oblique vein arising very close to the first, straight, or very slightly sinuate or arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees ; first discoidal cell much widened distally, being five or six times broader on the hind margin than at base. Cubital vein arising twice as far from the second as the second from the first oblique vein, with its first branch completely parallel to the second oblique vein, first forking at a trifle more than one-third the way out, and again about half-way from the first fork to the apex of the wing, varying in individuals, at the first fork bent slightly but beyond almost perfectly straight. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and parts sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is of variable slenderness, though always more than a third as long as the wing. Length of body, 4°"» ; of fore wing, 6.6°"° ; hind femora, 2.5°'°' ; hind tibiae, 3.75°"°. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 177, 4615, 6993, 9221, 12727. 2. Archilachnus mudgei. The single specimen is excellently preserved on a dorsal view, except that the overlapping fore wings are somewhat confused, lying upon the top of the back, and that one wing is doubled upon itself The body is rather slender, the head and thorax darker than the scarcely perceptible abdomen and apparently mottled. Fore wings with the postcostal vein and stigma as in A. pennatus, the first oblique vein arising at a little more than one- third the distance from the base of the wing to the stigmatic vein, but other- wise like the second oblique vein, as in A. pennatus ; the first discoidal cell 248 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. is much more open, but how much the condition of the specimen does not show. Cubital vein arising scarcely farther from the second oblique vein than the latter is from the first, forking much as in the preceding species, but passing in a gently arcuate course midway in the space allotted to it. The stigmatic vein parts gently with a considerable arcuation, but not very widely, from the stigma, the cell being apparently about one-third the length of the wing. Length of body, S-S"™; fore wing, 4.75""°: hind femora, 2.4"""; hind tibia and tarsi, 4.6""". In memory of Benjamin Franklin Mudge, the Kansas geologist and paleontologist. Florissant. One specimen, No. 13328. 3. GERANCHON gen. nov. (yspato?, dynoov). Wings only known. Fore wing with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal half of the space between the base of the first oblique and the stigmatic veins, the second time scarcely behind the base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising many times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein and close to the former, the first discoidal cell between them about ten times broader on the hind margin than at the base. Table vf the species of Geranchon. Cubital vein ruuniug considerably below the middle of its area, its branches straight 1. G. davisii. Cubital vein running through the middle of its area, its branches arcuate 2. G. petrorum. 1. GrERANCHON DAVISII. Onty the wing is preserved and the base is broken, but it may be judged to have been fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very broad and straight, merging into the slightly thickened fusiform stigma ; next the base it is rather far removed from the costal margin. The first oblique vein parts at an angle of about sixty degrees with the postcostal and is straight ; the second at an angle of forty-five degrees and is straight nearly to the tip, which is lost but appears to bend outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them, very narrow at base and broadening at tip, is ex- cessively different in width at its two extremities. Cubital vein faint at its HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTEKA— APHIDES. 249 origin, but apparently arising four times as far from the second oblique as the second from the first ; it forks at somewhat less than half-way to the hind border and runs by a series of bends at a long distance below the middle of its area, forking a second time nearly as far from the first as the first from its root. The stigmatic vein is arcuate and diverges rather widely from the stigma, but the length of the stigmatic cell can not be determined. Length of fragment, 3.5°""; probable length of wing 4.4""°; breadth, 1.4"™. Named for Prof William Morris Davis, of Harvard College. Florissant. One specimen, No. 14053. 2. GrERANCHON PKTRORUM. PI. 2, Fig. 6. Laehnus petrorum Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1675-'76, 279 (1877). A fragment of a wing is sufficiently preserved to show that it should be referred here, while the exact position of the veins is difierent from that of the other species. The wing is unusually slender ; the postcostal vein thick- ens apically as it merges in the stigma ; the first oblique vein is straight ; the second originates very close to the first, runs parallel to it only at the very base, and then bends pretty strongly outward, striking the margin of the wing nearly as far from the tip of the first oblique vein as half its own length ; the origin of the cubital vein is not clear, but it is apparently not far out, in which case it runs parallel with the second oblique vein until it branches in the middle of the wing ; the lower of these branches almost re- tains the course of the basal part of the veins, but diverges slightly from the second oblique vein, terminating very far from it on the border of the wing ; the main stem, diverging from the first branch rather widely at first, almost at once runs parallel to the lower branch, and when it has continued a less distance than the main vein before its furcation, divides, the two forks di- verging but slightly at base, and then very gradually converging until they are no farther apart than the bases of the first and second oblique veins, and the upper fork almost touches the stigmatic vein (probably by some dis- placement) ; together they diverge a little from the lower branch of the cubital vein ; the stigmatic vein is very conspicuous, passing by a broad sweep into the heart of the wing, diverging from the stigma at a greater 250 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. angle than does the second oblique ; unfortunately the tip of the wing is broken, and more than the apical half of the outer border is also wanting. Length of fragment, 4""°; estimated length of wing, 5°"°; width of same, 1.65""". Quesnel, British Columbia. Dr. G. M. Dawson. One specimen. No. 19. 4 SBENAPHIS gen. nov. (a/iavvv/ii, Aphis). Head without frontal tubercles, the front transverse. Antennae very slender, at least nearly as long as the body. Fore wings with the stig- matic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, which is at or a trifle outside the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time opposite or scarcely beyond the base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein but at varying relative distances, always close to the first oblique vein, the first discoidal cell between them being four or five times broader on the hind margin than at base. Legs slender, varying in length but shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen ovate. Some specimens seem to show a short stout Cauda, which others appear to lack, and occasionally short cornicles may be detected which are apparently of uniform diameter. Table of the species of Sbenaphis. Second oblique vein arising midway, or about midway, between tbe tirst obliqae and cubital veins. 1. S. qnesneli. Second oblique vein arising much nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein. Base of second discoidal cell twice as wide as that of the first; cubital vein running barely nearer the stigmatic than tbe second oblique vein 2. S. ithleri. Base of second discoidal cell nearly thrice as wide as that of the first; cubital vein running very much closer to the stigmatic than to the second oblique vein 3. S. lassa. Sbenaphis quesneli. PI. 2, Figs. 4, 5 ; PI. 18, Fig. 12. iacA««« gitesneJi Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-77, 461-462 (1878). The oi'iginal description, with certain omissions and changes to corre- spond with the phraseology here employed, was as follows: The remains which are preserved are a pair of overlapping front wings with torn edges, but with all the important parts of the neuration, and some of the veins of the hind wings. The body is completely crushed and all HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 251 Other members are absent. The parts which can be studied are thus very similar to those found in Geranchon petrorum, described above, from the same bed. Owing to the absence of the margin, the shape of tlie wing can not be determined The postcostal vein is thick througliout, but broadens apically ; the first and second oblique veins are both perfectly straight, originating scarcely farther apart than the width of the postcostal vein and diverging considerably. From the position in which the wings are preserved (one front wing almost exactly covering the other, and the two inclosing between them both hind wings, also almost exactly superimposed) the first and second discoidal veins of the two front wings and the two oblique veins of each hind wing form a medley of almost confluent lines, so that it is a little difficult to determine to which of the four wings and to what part of that wing each of the eight veins belongs ; regarding the veins of the hind wings there may, therefore, be some eiTor in the statement to be made, but there can be little doubt of the position and relation of the veins of the front wing, which appears to lie uppermost. The cubital vein originates at a dis- tance beyond the base of the second oblique barely greater than the distance at which the latter is placed from the first ; it makes an angle with the post- costal vein of less than forty-five degrees ; is nowhere in the least degree sinuous, but is bent very slightly forward at each forking, rather more at its first than at its second ; sends off its first branch at slightly less than a millimeter from its base ; forms with it an angle of twenty-five degrees, and at an equal distance farther on emits its second branch at a similar or slightly smaller angle; both the branches are j>erfectly straight, and the upper branch of the last fork lies midway between the lower brancli and the stigmatic vein ; the latter is similar to that of G. petrorum from the same beds, but is not so strongly curved; the first branch of the cubital vein also divides equally the space between the second oblique and the lower branch of the last fork of the cubital vein. The oblique veins of the hind wing originate at no greater distance apart than the first and second oblique veins of the front wings, are a little less divergent than they, and equally straight. Lengtli of fragment of wing, 5"""; its probable complete length, 6™™; breadth of same, 1.3.5°""; distance from base of front wing to the origin of the stigmatic vein, 4.1""°. To this may be added, from specimens obtained at Florissant, that the body is stout and plump and the hind femora as long as the breadth 252 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. of the thorax. In one specimen the abdomen is narrower than, in another broader than, in a third of the same width as, the thorax. The first oblique vein makes an angle with the postcostal of about fifty-five degrees and is straight ; the second one of forty -five degrees and is sometimes straight, sometimes arcuate, and the base of the first discoidal cell being very narrow it is about four or five times broader on the hind margin than there. Length of body, 2.75-4""° j of fore wing, S.S-S.S""", the last partly estimated. Quesnel, British Columbia. Dr. G. M. Dawson. One specimen. No. 34". Florissant, Colorado. Three specimens, Nos. 2234, 3577, 9269. 2. Sbenaphis uhleri. Body large, stout, the head and thorax darker than the abdomen, which is broader than they. Wings three times as long as broad, the postcostal straight, thickened uniformly, and running into the very long and consider- ably fusiform stigma. First oblique vein straight, set at an angle of fifty- five degrees with the postcostal ; the second oblique vein sinuous, placed at an angle of forty-five degrees with the postcostal ; the two veins moderately close only at base, so that the first discoidal cell is four or fi ve times broader on the hind margin. Cubital vein faint at base but originating about twice as far from the second ol)lique vein as that from the first, arcuate on its basal half, straight and longitudinal on its apical, occupying with its branches the middle of its allotted space, first forking at less than one-third the dis- tance to the hind margin, again opposite the base of the stigmatic vein and less than half-way from its own first fork to the apex of the wing; in its passage it approaches the stigmatic only a little more closely than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein parting very slightly and gradually from the stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is very narrow and about one-third the length of the wing. Length of body, 4.75°"° ; of fore wing, 6.75°'°' ; breadth of same, 2.25"". Dedicated to my good friend, Mr. Philip R. Uhler, without whose faithful and disinterested work the student of American Hemiptera would be sadly at a loss. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2327, 11202. HEMIPTEEA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 253 3. Sbenaphis lassa. This small species is represented by a single individual, with nearly all the legs preserved in an unusual manner, but the wings not so completely. The body is black throughout, the hind femora longer than the abdomen, the hind tibiae as long as the body. The wings have the postcostal vein and stigma precisely as in the last species. The first oblique vein is straight or at the tip slightly arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, the second oblique vein distinctly arcuate on its apical half, parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty -five degrees, and separated from the first by a slightly wider interval than in the other species described ; the first discoidal cell is about four times as bi'oad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein, arising nearly three times as far from the second oblique vein as the latter is from the first, takes a course above the middle of the area left to it, approaching very close to the stigmatic vein ; it forks first about quarter-way to the hind margin and again about opposite the stigmatic vein, which, with the stigmatic cell, is as in S. uhleri. Length of body, 3.25°"" ; fore wing, 5.5™" ; fore femora, 1.15""" ; fore tibiae, 1.7"""; middle femora, 1.4™"; middle tibiae, 2.3™™ ; hind femora, 2™™; hind tibiae, 3.25™™. Florissant. One specimen, No. 12994. 5. APHANTAPHIS gen. nov. (acpavro?, Aphis). Head without frontal tubercles, the antennae being inserted in sub- lateral pits ; they are longer than the fore wings, very slender indeed, the third joint very long. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of an exceedingly slender and tapering stigma, the stigmatic cell nearly half the length of the wing. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time at a very slight distance from its origin, which is scarcely before the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second time half way thence to the tip of the wing. Second oblique vein arising slightly nearer the cubital than the first oblique vein, the first so near the base of the wing as to be very short, and the first discoidal cell between them only about twice as wide at the hind margin as at base. Legs long and slender, the hind tibiae and tarsi nearly equaling the length of the wings. A single species is known. 254 TEETIARY INSECTS OF NOETH AMERICA. Aphantaphis exsuca. The fore wing, which is exceptionally preserved, is long oval, almost three times as long as broad ; the postcostal and all the space between it and the costal margin filled with pigment, so as to be exceptionally broad, taper- ing until it expands again into the long- fusiform stigma. First oblique vein very close to the base, short, straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of at least seventy degrees, not twice as long as the breadth of the base of the first discoidal cell ; second oblique vein arising far from the first at an angle of fifty degrees, straight until near the tip, where it bends considerably to meet the margin, so that the first discoidal cell is hardly more than twice as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein feeble, but uniform throughout ; hardly so far removed from the second oblique vein at its origin as that from the first, first forking hardly one-sixth way to the hind margin, again fully half-wa}" to the tip of the wing, running slightly nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising opposite a point about one-third the distance from the first to the second forking of the cubital vein or less, far before the middle of the stigma, having a broad sweep, so that the stigmatic cell, though not narrow, is four-ninths the length of the wing. Length of fore wing, 4 5°"" ; breadth of same, 1.6"" ; length of antennae, 6""°; hind tibiae. and tarsi, 4""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1215. 6. SIPHONOPHOROIDES Buckton. Siphonophoroides (pars) Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176 (1883). Antennae inserted on distinct and prominent frontal tubercles, the first two joints forming together a stout, subconical mass more than twice as long as broad ; the remainder of the antennae slender, filiform, much longer than tlie body, as long as the fore wings, all the joints and especially the third excessively long. Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the very long and slender fusiform stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time tolerably far from its origin, which is usually at about one-third the distance from the base of the first oblique to that of the stig- matic vein, the second time about as far again beyond the stigmatic vein as that is beyond the first fork of the cubital vein. Second oblique vein aris- HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 255 ing somewhat but not greatly neai-er the first oblique than the cubital vein, the first at a considerably wider angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is from three or four to six or eight times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Leu^s slender, the hind femora half as lonsr as the fore wing-s. Abdomen ovate, rather broad, well rounded apically, with very short and stout cornicles in at least one species, but no caudci. Buckton gave no characteristics of his genus apart from the specific description ; his supposition that the abdomen was pointed was due to his taking the faint signs of the first oblique veins as the sides of the abdomen in the figure which formed the basis of his determination. Table of the species of Sipltonophoroides. Second oblique vein partiug from tlie postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees 1. S. antiqua. Second oblique vein parting from the postcostal at an angle of thirty-five degrees. First branch of cubital vein distant from the second oblique veiu 2. S. rafinesqaei. First branch of cubital vein closely approximated to the second oblique vein 3. S. propinqua. SiPHONOPHOROIDES ANTIQUA. PI. 18, Figs. 3, 5, 7, 10. Siphonophoroidea antiqua Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176, PI. l:!3. Fig. 1 (1883). TIlis is far the most common of the Florissant Aphides, and many of the specimens are very fairly preserved. They are uniformly dark colored, or the abdomen may be a little paler or more obscure than the rest of the body. The wings are pretty slender, fully three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is moderately thick, uniform, and running without break into the very long fusiform stigma ; it is separated by a moderately wide and regularly decreasing space from the costal margin. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of full}^ sixty degrees ; the second oblique is straight in its basal half, arcuate or sinuate beyond, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about forty-five degrees at a moderate distance from the first oblique vein, the first discoidal cell between them being about four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising farther, generally about half as far again, sometimes almost twice as far, from the second oblique as that from the first oblique vein, very longitudinal in course, first forking at about two- fifths the distance to the hind margin and again at about half-way between the first forking and the tip of the wing, running about twice as near the stigmatic as the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising nearer the first 256 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. than the second fork of the cubital, sometimes to a considerable degree arcuate at base but beyond horizontal, so that the stigmatic cell is both long and slender, from a third to two-fifths the length of the wing. Hind legs about as long as the antennae. Length of body, 4'"'" ; fore wing, 5-6™™ ; breadth of same, 1.5-2™™ ; length of antennae, 5.5™™ ; legs of one individual as follows : fore femora 1.5™™; fore tibiae and tarsi, 2.25™™; middle femora, 1.25™™; middle tibia? and tarsi, 2.15™™; hind femora, 2. 25™™; hind tibia? and tarsi, 3™™. Florissant. Fifteen specimens, Nos. 1079, 1339, 1867, 2396, 2881, 3029, 5747, 7934, 8889, 9574, 10205, 11562, 13562, 14450, and, from the Princeton Collection, 1.986. Besides these, Nos. 1703, 3284, and 5491 from Florissant, should probably be referred here. 2. SiPHONOPHOROIDES KAFINESQUEI. The greater part of the creature, excepting the abdomen, is preserved in the single specimen obtained. The antennae are nearly as long as the hind legs and considerably longer than the wings. The wings are very slender, fully four times longer than broad. The postcostal except at base is straight, slender, and runs uninterruptedly into the exceptionally slender fusiform stigma. The first oblique vein is straight, or slightly arcuate, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of nearly sixty degrees ; the second oblique vein is also straight or slightly arcuate, is moderately distant at base from the first oblique, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of forty -five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein arises more than twice as far from the second oblique vein as that is from the first and only a little less than half-way fi'om the first oblique to the stigmatic vein, forks about two-fifths way to the hind margin, and with its first fork runs completely parallel to and distant from the second oblique vein ; it is bent at its fork and there- after runs longitudinally, forking again about half-way to the tip and run- ning close to the stigmatic vein. This last arises very much nearer the first than the second cubital fork, and except at base is but little arcuate and very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is exceptionally slender and nearly half as long as the wing. Legs very slender. Length of fore wing, 5.25™™; breadth of same, 1.25™™; length of antennae, 6.5™™; of hind femora, 2.5™™; hind tibite and tarsi, 3.75" UEMIPTERA— UOMOPTEKA— APniDES. 257 The eccentric Constantine Rafinesque-Sclimalz made the first attempt to classify American Aphides. Florissant. One specimen, No. 1G67. 3. SiPHONOPHOROIDES PKOPINQUA. The single specimen on wliicli this species is l:)ased is not so well pre- served as the last. The antennii? are broken in the middle, but were appar- ent!}' of a similar length. The wings are slender, fully three times longer than liroad. The postcostal is very broad, straight, and uninterrupted. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees ; the second is straight at base, beyond considerably arcuate, separated by a narrow distance from the first, and placed at an angle of scarcely forty degrees with the postcostal, so that the first discoidal cell between them is verv long and slender, and is about four times as broad on the liind margin as at the base. The cubital vein arises nearly twice as far from the second oblique as that from the first, forks at rather less than one-third way to the hind margin, and is very arcuate in course, so that though its first fork approaches exceptional!}' near the second oblique vein, the main stem readies only twice tlie distance from the stigmatic vein. Tliis last vein arises opposite a point on the culjita! vein one-tliird way from tlie first to tlie second fork, and, strongly arcuate, passes at once far into the wing, and then becomes longitudinal, the stigmatic cell being pretty large and long, about two-fifths the length of the wing. Legs very slender. Length of fore wing, 5.5"'"; breadth of same, 1.5"""; length of fore femora, 1.75"" ; fore tibia? and tarsi, 2.5""' ; hind femora. 2.25"" ; hind tibiae and tarsi, 4.2"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 3738. 7. LITHAPHIS gen. nov. {h'do?, Aphis.) Head rather small with short frontal tubercles on which the antenna? are seated in close proximit}-. The first two joints of the latter as in Siphonophoroides, the remainder also as there, but if anything even longer. Fore wing with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time vevv far from its origin (which is about a third way from the base of the first oblique to the stigmatic vein) VOL xiii 17 258 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA. and about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, tlie second time apparently about half-way to the tip of the wing. Second oblique vein arising slightly nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, at rather more than half a right angle with the postcostal; first oblique vein parting much more widely, about eighty degrees, so that the first discoidal cell between them, very narrow at base, is six or more times wider there than on the hind margin. Legs moderately slender, the hind femora shorter than the abdomen, which is no broader than the thorax, twice as long as l)road, and rounded. A single species is known. LiTHAPHIS DIRUTA. The body appears to have been pretty uniformly colored. The pro- portions of the wings can not be determined, but the insect was one of the smaller species. The postcostal is parallel witli the costa, moderately slen- der, especially just before the long and tapering stigma. The first oblique vein is very transverse, parting at an angle of about eighty degrees with the postcostal, and straight ; the second oljlique vein, arising rather close to the first, is slightly arcuate and parts from the postcostal at an angle of forty- five deo"rees, so that the first discoidal cell is man}- times broader on the hind margin than at the base. The cubital vein arises less than twice as far be- vond the second oblique vein as that beyond the first, is rather straight and stiff", first forks at less than a third way to the hind margin and again about half-way to the tip, approaching the stigmatic rather than the second oblique vein. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first furcation of the cubital, and, strongly arcuate at first, reaches widely into the wing, the stig- matic cell being large and long. Length of body, a™" ; antennae, 5.5""" ; wing (probable), 4.5"'"'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3785, 12112, 12476. A specimen from Green River, No. 82, Prof. L. A. Lee, may perhaps lielong here. 8. TEPHRAPHIS gen. nov. {T£cpp6ai, Aphis). Siphonophoroides (pars) Buckton, Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 176 (1883). Head apparently much as in Lithaphis, l)ut the front tubercles are uncertain. Antennae constructed basally as there, separated at base b}- their own width, much longer than the fore wing. Fore wing with the stigmatic vein arising rather before the middle of the unusually broad HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 259 stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time very near to its origin (which is about two-thirds the distance from the first obUque to the stig- matic vein), and about opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, the second time at varying distances from the first. Second oblique vein a little nearer the fir.st oblique than the stigmatic vein, unusually transverse, the first scarcely more longitudinal, so that the first discoidal cell between them, broad at base, is not more than twice as broad on the hind margin. Legs slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the rest of the leg about two-thirds the length of the fore wings. Abdomen short oval, well ronnded apically, no broader than the thorax. Both species are very small. Table of the species of J'ephraplds. First discoidal cell only half as broad again oa the hind margin as at base, the first and second oblique veins very nearly parallel 1. T. simplex. First discoidal cell twice as broad on the hind margin as at base, the first and second oblique veins distinctly divergent .. 2. T. ivahhii. 1. Tephraphis simplex. PI. 18, Fig. 4. Siphonopkoroides simplex Bncktoo, Monogr. Brif. Aphides, IV, 176-177, PI. 133, Fig. 2 (1883). This is one of the smallest of the Florissant species. The antennte, twice as long as the body, taper to a slender thread, scarcely visible on the stone. The body has the abdomen very pale and indistinct, but the rest much darker, and the legs are uniformly dark. The wings are slender, at least three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is very heavy and straight and the stigma, hardly broader, is very long. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; the second oblique is very distant from the first, parts from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty degrees, and, at first straight and there- fore almost parallel to the first oblique vein, is afterwards a little arcuate, so that the first discoidal cell is about half as broad again on the hind margin as at its base. The cubital vein, a little farther removed from the second oblique vein than the latter is from the first, runs with its first fork in a straight course, parallel to the second obliqu-e vein, forks at one-fourth the distance from the base, and is considerably angulated, running after- wards completely parallel to the stigmatic vein, and forking again about half-way to the tip of the wing. Stigmatic vein arising closely subsequent to the first forking of the cubital vein, parting abruptly and curving 260 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. strongly, passing a variable distance into the body of the wing, and then running longitudinally; it nowhere approaches closely the cubital vein, and the stigmatic cell is at the most scarcely one-third the length of the wing. Length of body, 2.4"""; antennae, 4.75'""': wings, 3.5-4°'°'; fore fem- ora, 1°'"'; fore tibia? and tarsi, 1.25°'°'; middle tibia? and tarsi, 1.5™°'; hind femora, 1.2°'™; hind tibia> and tarsi, 2""'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 519, 670", 2153. 2. Tephraphis walshii. PI. 18, Fig. 19. Little is preserved but the overlapping fore wings and these imperfectly. They show the insect to have been very small with slender wings, probably just about three times as long as broad. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second is also straight and parts at an angle of forty degrees, and the distance between the two being great, the first discoidal cell is wide, but on the hind margin twice as wide as at base. The cubital vein arises only a little farther from the second oblique vein than it is from the first, and at about two-thirds the dis- tance from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; with its first branch it is completely parallel to the second oblique vein and straight, forking first at about one-third of the distance to the hind margin ; it is not abruptly bent at this fork, but curves rather rapidly to gain a longitudinal course, and forks again a little less than half-way to the tip of the wing. The stigmatic vein arises scarcely beyond the first fork of the cubital and curves rapidly to a longitudinal course, but the relative length of the slender stigmatic cell can hardly be determined. Length of specimen, 4.25""" ; probable length of wing, S.S"". The late Benjamin D. Walsh was one of the first students of cm- Aphides. ■p'lorissant. One specimen. No. 8085, lying entangled with Ptero- stigma recurvum. 9. APHIDOPSIS gen. nov. (Aphis, 6jf>i?). Head provided with short, broad, and uniform frontal tubercles, between which, a space more than equaling the breadth of the antennse, the front is rounded and slightly advanced. First joint of antenna- distinctly nar- rower than the frontal tubercles, scarcely longer than broad, scarcely narrow- HEMIPTERA—IJOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 261 ing- apically, the second much smaller, subconical, the remainder very- slender, filiform, much longer than the fore wings, the third joint alone as long as tlie whole body. Fore wings with the stigmatic veiil more than usually longitudinal, arising from before the middle of the very, narrow and elongated stigma, so that the very narrow stigmatic cell is more tlian a third as long as the wing-. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time far from its origin (a third or half way to the extremity of the first branch), which is usually about nndway between the first oblique and cubital veins, but varies to some extent, and in any case only a little before the origin of the stigmatic vein, the second time not far from half-way from the first forking to the apex of the wing. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, sometimes only to a slight extent, sometimes twice as near it, generally very straight, the first oblique at such an angle with it that the first discoidal cell between them, pretty wide at base, is from three to six times as wide on the hind margin of the wing. Legs very slender, the hind femora fully reaching tlie tip of the abdomen, the rest of the hind legs only a little shorter than the fore wings. Abdomen rounded ovate, somewhat broader than the thorax, fullest behind, with an extremely short and rather stout cauda, and very short and remark- ably stout conical cornicles. Table of the species of Ajyliidopsis. Fore wings more than three millimeters long. Cubital vein arcuate throughout. First cubital branch much nearer to the second cubital branch than to the second oblique vein. Cubital vein approaching the stigmatic vein very closely ; fore legs louger than middle legs 1. A. subterna. Cubital vein not approaching the stigmatic vein very closely; fore legs shorter than mid- dle legs 2. A. hargcri. First cubital branch equidistant from second cubital branch and second oblique vein. :?. A. hitaria. Cubital vein angularly bent at furcations. Expanse of wiugs nine millimetersor less ; first discoidal cell normally divergent. 4. A. margarum. Expanse of wiugs eleven millimeters or more ; first discoidal cell not very divergent. 5. A. dain. Fore wings less than three millimeters long (j. A. emaciata. 1. Aphidopsis SUBTERNA. Head and thorax testaceous, slightly mottled with pallid. Antennfe as long as the fore wings. Wings slightly less than three times as long as broad, the postcostal moderately light, running uninterruptedly into the very slender elongated stigma. First transverse vein very slender, nearly 262 TEbTlAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. straight, but slightly arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of at least fifty degrees ; second oblique vein hardly heavier, very feebly arcuate, and parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees ; it is nioderatel}- distant at base from the first obliejue vein, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them is only about four times broader on the hind mar- gin than at the base. Cubital vein arising half as far again from the second oblique as it from the first oblique vein and only about one-third way from the latter to the stigmatic vein ; it forks about one-third way to the hind margin, and its first fork is completely parallel to and somewhat distant from the second oblique vein ; near its second fork it approaches twice as near the stigmatic vein as the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein not reach- ing far into the wing, arising from a quarter to a third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the cubital vein, so that the stigmatic cell is slender and about two-fifths the length of the wing. Femora pale, tibise and tarsi dark. Abdomen plump oval, of a pale color, mottled with large, roundish, dark spots arranged in mediodorsal and lateral rows on the posterior portion of the segments ; there are faint indications of a slender, slight, and rather short cauda, and distinct marks of cornicles in conical liillocks at the extreme outer sides of the here angulated abdomen. Length of body, 3.75"™; antennre, 5°""; fore wings, 5"""; fore femora, 1.3°""; fore tibia; and tarsi, 2.5""'; middle femora, 1.1'"™; middle tibise and tarsi, 2.4°"" ; hind femora, 2°"" ; hind tibia? and tarsi, S.S™"". Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 219, 740, 1307, 2151, 7426, 8896. 2. Apuidopsis hargeri. The single specimen which represents this species is preserved upon a side view, with the wings somewhat crumpled. Enough, however, can be seen to distinguish it from the preceding species in that the cubital vein runs at the ordinary distance from the stigmatic. though still distant from the second oblique vein, and thoug-h the stigmatic vein descends as deeply into the wing as in A. subterna. The origin of all the veins is the same, but the second oblique is more arcuate and its arcuation confined mostly to the apical half. But the principal difference is found in the relative length of the legs, which though stouter are also longer and have the middle pair slightly longer than the fore pair, instead of the reverse. The legs are remarkably preserved and show the single jointed tarsus and claws with great distinctness, showing them to be constructed much as iii Callipterus. HEMIPTEKA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 263 Length of bod}^ 3.5""'" ; wings (partly estimated), 4.75™" ; fore legs, 4.1"'"; femur, 1.45""; tibia, 2.25""; tarsus, 0.4""; middle legs, 4.55""; femur, 1.75""; tibia, 2.4""'; tarsus, 0.4""; hind legs, 6 5"" ; femur, 2"""; tibia, 4"" ; tarsus, 0.5"". To the memory of the faithful paleontologist. Dr. Oscar Harger, of New Haven. Florissant. One specimen, No. 11360. 3. Aphidopsis lutaria. Head and thorax rather darker than the abdomen, the femora rather lighter than the tibire. Antenn^B a little longer than the fore wings. Wings fully three times longer than broad, the postcostal vein stout and running with scarcely any diminution of size into the long and very slender stigma. First oblique vein straight or scarcely arcuate, parting from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; second oblique vein regularly arcuate, parting from the postcostal vein at an angle of forty-five degrees, and moderately distant from the first oblique at base, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. Tlie cubital vein is apparently about as far from the second oblique vein as it from the first oblique, first forks at about one-third way to the hind margin, and has throughout a gently arcuate curve by which it approaches pretty close to the stigmatic vein. This arises far back in the stigma, almost reaching the first cubital fork, is gently arcuate and has a very longitudinal course, so that the stigmatic cell is both slender and very long, not much less than half as long as the wing. Legs very slender indeed, the fore pair nearly as long as the wings and longer than the middle pair, the hind tibije and tarsi longer than the body. Length of body, 3.5-3.8"" ; antenna;, 5.75"" ; fore wings, 5.25"" ; fore legs, 4.8""; femur, 1.8"^"; tibia, 2.6""; tarsus, 0.4""; middle legs, 4.25"" ; femur, 1.6™" ; tibia, 2.25"" ; tarsus, 0.4"'" ; hind legs, G.G""" ; femur, 2.6"" ; tibia and tarsus, 4"". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 7433, 8773, and from the Princeton Collection, 1.834. 264 TEETIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 4. Aphidopsis margarum. PI. 18, Fig. 8. This small and slender species is very dark, almost black as preserved, and pretty uniform. The antennae so far as preserved are excessively slender and rather shorter than the wings. Wings about three times as long as broad, the postcostal vein heavy, uniform, and straight, merging into the stigma, which is twice as broad, bat very long and slenderly fusi- form. The first oblique vein is perfectly straight and parts from the post- costal at au angle of fully seventy-five degrees; the second oblique vein, also perfectly straight and rather distant from the first, parts from the post- costal at an angle of forty-five degrees, so that the first discoidal cell is about three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein very stiff" and angular, it and both its branches being rigidly straight ; at each furcation it is bent, forking first at rather more than a third wa}" to the hind margin and again about half-way to the apex of the wing, not ap])roaching closely to the stig-matic vein ; the vein originates at more than half-way from the first oblique vein to the stigmatic. The stigmatic vein arises far back, about midway between the forks of the cubital, and i§ very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is narrow, and exceeds a third the length of the wing. Legs very slender. Length of body, •2.5-3"'"; antenripe, 3.4'"'°; wings, 3.75-4"""; middle legs, 2.6'"'". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 5380, 12190, 12683. 5. Aphidgpsls dalli. The head and thorax darker than the tolerably uniform abdomen. Antennae at least half as long again as the body. Wings apparently about three times as long as broad, the postcostal slender, the stigma pretty large and very long. First oblique vein straight, or nearly straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about fifty-five degrees ; second oblique rather distant from it, parting at an angle of forty-five degrees, and likewise nearly straight, so that the first discoidal cell between them is little more than twice as broad on the hind maro'in as at the base. Cubital vein arisina; more than twice as far from the second oblique vein as that from the first, and about midway between the latter and the stigmatic vein, first forking when hardly HEMIl'TEKA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 2G5 less than half-way to tlie liind margin, bent at the first furcation, and passing exceedingly close to the stigmatic vein, the upper branch of the final fork in direct continuation of the main stem. Stigmatic vein arising at about one-third the distance from the first to the second furcation of the cubital vein, very longitudinal, so that the stigmatic cell is rather slender and very long, fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Legs slender, the femora tol- erably stout, the fore and middle legs of equal length in all parts. Length of body, S.S""" ; antennre, 0.5"™ ; wings, 5""" ; fore legs, 3. D-""'; femora, 14"""; tibise and tarsi, 2..5™'" ; middle legs, 3.9"'"^ femora, L4"'"' ; tibia; and tarsi, 2.5""'; hind legs, 5.1""': femora, 2.2.5'"'"; tiljic-ie and tarsi, 2.85'"'". Another specimen had a body 4.75""" long, with wings nearly 6.h""" and hind femora 2.5""" long. Li honor of Mr. William Healy Dall, the malacologist, well known also for his studies of fossil invertebrates. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9135, and from the Princeton Collec- tion 1.1091. 6. Aphidopsis emaciata. This diminutive species is represented by a single specimen with spread wings, without antennae or legs. It has an expanse of only six 'mil- limeters or less. Tlie head and thorax are uniforudy dark, the abdomen uniformly light colored. The wings are as long as the body and more than three times as long as broad. The postcostal vein is broad, but not darkly pigmented, as usual, and the stigma large and distinct* First oblique vein straight, parting from the postcostal at an angle of about seventy-five degrees ; the second oblique also straight, parting at an angle of about forty-five degrees, but thougli the wing is slender, the discoidal cell, narrow at base, is several times as broad on the hind margin as at base. Cubital vein arising about midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, and twice as far from the second oblique vein as this from the first; it first forks at some distance from the base, and is strongly arcuate, approach- ing much nearer the stigmatic than the second oblique vein. Stigmatic vein arising very far back, almost to the first furcation of the cubital vein, and, reaching down far into the wing at the start, it gives a very large stigmatic cell, almost half as long as the wing. Length of body, 2.5'"" ; fore wings, 2.5™". Florissant. One specimen, No. 6405. It comes from the uppermost layers. 26G TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOETU AMERICA. Aphidopsis sp. PI. 18, Fig. 11. A single specimen and its reverse is the only instance of an immature plant-louse among the numerous remains of this family at Florissant. This is excellently preserved, and agrees so well in the structure of the antennae and legs and in the form of the abdomen with the species of Aphidopsis, a 2)revailing type among the Florissant forms, that I venture to place it here; the more so as in the markings of the abdomen, well represented on the plate, it bears a striking resemblance to A. subterna, the most common species of Aphidopsis. Short conical markings on the outer sides of the fifth visible abdominal segment evidently mark the position of former cornicles. Length of body, 4™"' ; antennae, 4™"' ; fore legs, 3.7™'" ; femur, 1.6""" ; tibia and tarsus, 2.1"""; middle legs, 4"""; femur, 1.3"""; tibia and tarsus, 2.7"™; hind legs, 3.5 ?™"' ; femur, 1.25 f"""' ; tibia and tarsus, 2.25"". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 1044 and 4271. 10. ORYCTAPHIS gen. nov. {6pvHT,k, Aphis). Fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the exceed- ingly long and fusifoi'm but moderately broad stigma. Cubital vein (by analogy with the others) twice forked, the first time very far from its origin (which is nearlj' midway between the base of the first obhque and stigmatic veins) and rather before than behind the base of the stigmatic vein (the ])late is wrong in this respect), the second time uncertain, as the only speci- mens are not well preserved here. Second oblique vein arising many times nearer the first oblique than the cubital vein, so that the first discoidal cell narrow at base is several times wider on the hind margin. Legs moderately slender. Abdomen, as far as can be seen, relatively long and slender. Table of the species of Oryctaphis. Oblique vciu scarcely divergent iu basal b:ilf, afterwards distinctly divergent 1. <>. recoiidita. Oblique veins as divergent iu basal as in apical half 2. O. lesueiirii. 1. Oryctaphis eecondita. PL IS, Fig. 14. Head and thorax black, abdomen very light. Wings apparently rather more than three times as long as broad, the postcostal stout, and the stigma very elongated. First oblique vein straight and parting from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees ; so also does the second oblique vein, IIEMIPTEKA— HOMOPTEUA— APDIDKS. 2(37 which arises in close proximity and scarcely divej'ges from the other in the first third of its conrse and then bends outward, so that the first dis- coidal cell must lie three or four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. Cubital vein arising four times as far from the second oblique vein as it is from the first, and yet not quite half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; it first forks only a little less than half-way to the hind margin, and no second furcation can be seen, as the wing is broken. The stigmatic vein arises opposite the first furcation of the cubital vein and curves well down into the wing, so that the stigmatic cell is large, but its relative length can not be determined. Length of body, 5.5""" ; wing, 6.25""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 4475. 2. Oryctaphis lesueurii. Head and thorax black, abdomen exceedingly pale. Wings apparently about three times longer than broad, the postcostal vein very heavy, angu- lated in the slightest possible manner next the oblique veins, the stigma very long and slender. The first oblique vein parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty-five degrees, and is faintly sinuate ; the second, aris- ing close to it, is arcuate apically, but otherwise straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of forty-five degrees, so that the discoidal cell between them is about four times as broad along the hind border as at the base. Cubital vein indistinct at base, but apparently arising four times as far from the second oblique vein as this from the first, and about midway between the first oblique and the stigmatic vein ; it first forks at almost half-way to the hind border, and in passing to that its first fork graduall}' approaches the second oblique vein. The stigmatic vein appears to ai'ise about half-way between the two furcations of the cubital vein, but no more can be said of it from its imperfection on both wings. The fore legs are very slender. Length of body, 4.5""": wings, 5.5"^"" ; fore femora, l.l"""'; fore tibiae and tarsi, l.S"". In memory of the early American paleontologist, Charles Alexandre Lesueur. Florissant. One specimen. No. 9405. 268 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 11. SYCHNOBROCHUS gen. nov. (ovxv6?, ^p6xo?). The fore wings with the stigmatic vein arising from the middle of the stigma and very longitudinal. Cubital vein at least once forked, far from base, and opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, arising nearly midway between the first oblique and stigmatic veins ; beyond it is too poorly pre- served in the only specimen known to be certain whether it forks again or not. Second oblique vein arising four times as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, at an angle of less than forty-five degrees with the postcostal vein, the first oblique, which is nearly parallel to it. curving outward in the latter part of its course, so that the first discoidal cell between them is exces- sively long and arcuate. Abdomen long and narrow, narrower than the thorax, twice as long as l)road, and well rounded apioally. Sychnobrochus reviviscens. « P!. 18, Fig. G. One of the very smallest of the Aphides, unfortunately showing of the appendages only one wing. The head and prothorax are light colored, but darker than the abdomen, which shows darker transverse bands on the pos- terior halves of the segments. The wings are only slightly longer than the bodyf the abdomen being longer than usual), perhaps slightly more than three times as long as broad, the slender postcostal vein parallel throughout with the co.sta, the interspace more or less clouded with pigment, the stigma moderately broad and very long, reaching nearly or quite to the extreme tij) of the wing. The oblique veins are both remarkably long and of nearly (Hjual length, curving outward apically, and extending so far that even the first terminates Avell in the outer half of the wing ; they arise close together, the first at an angle of scarcely more, the second of scarcely less, than forty- five degrees with the postcostal, and are nearly i)arallel, the discoidal cell being therefore arcuate and about two or three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein is faint and obscure, apparently arising at a little less than half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein, and four or five times farther from the second oblique than it from the first oblique vein ; its first forking can not be satisfactorily determined, ))ut it appears to be far from the base and a ver}^ little in advance of the stigmatic vein ; it has the same sweep as the oblique veins. The stigmatic HEMIPTERA—nOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 269 vein arises tolerably early, and is considerably arcuate at base, afterwards longitudinal, the stigmatic cell being nearh or (juite a third the length of the wing. Length of body, 2..'')"""; fore wing, 2.7.')""". Florissant. One specimen. No. .''•I 4. Stibfaraily SCHIZONEURIN^E Passerini. 12. SCHIZONEUHOIDES Huckton. Schicoiieiiroides Buckt., Jlouogr. Brit. ApUiJes, I\', 178 (1883.) Fore wings with the postcostal vein distant from the margin and curved in an opposite sense. Stigmatic vein arising very early, near the proximal end of the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is fully two-fifths the length of the wing. Cubital vein once forked far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and at a long distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the outer half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, the second oblique vein arising twice as near the first as the cubital vein, but not very near the former, though somewhat nearer than repre- sented on the plate, diverging from it at a slight angle, so that the first dis- coidal cell between them is nearly or quite four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Abdomen long oval, no broader than the thorax, about twice as long as broad, and a little pointed apically. A single species is known. SCHIZONEUROIDES SCUUDERI. PI. 18, Fig. 2. Schizoneuroidea scudderi Buckt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178, PI. 133, Fig. 5 (1883) ; Scudd., Zittel, H.indl). d. Pala-ont., I, ii, 780, Fig. 988 (1885). The greater portion of a liody with the wings of one side represents this small species. The body is mottled and barred with dark brown. The wing is represented on the plate with altogether too full a hind margin, for the wing is really more than three times as long as broad. The middle of the base of the first discoidal cell is midway between the ])ase of the wing and the stigmatic vein. The first oblique vein is straight, and parts from the postcostal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second gently sinuate, at au 270 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. angle of forty-five degrees with the same; the discoidal cell about four times as broad on the hind margiii as at the base. The cubital vein forks about at its middle and tlien rather widel}-. Length of body, 1.8"'"'; of fore wing, 4""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 315. 13. AMALANCON gen. nov. (d/iia\o?, dxnccov). Head considerably narrower than the thorax, quadrate, with the front triangularly and roundly produced to a considerable degree ; no frontal tubercles. Antennae about two-thirds as long as the body, tapering, the third joint relatively stout, about as long and at base fully as stout as the fore tibiae, the first and second joints not one- half broader. Rostrum as long as the thoi'ax, very slender. Fore wings very narrow, with the stigmatic vein arising very far back in the long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is nearly half as long as the wing. Cubital vein once forked, far beyond the base of the stigmatic vein, and a long way from its own origin, which is at some distance before the middle of the space Ijetween the first oblique and the stigmatic veins ; second oblique vein arising somewhat nearer the first oblique than the stigmatic vein, diverging from the former slightly, so that the first discoidal cell between them is only two or three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. The name is given with reference to the weakness of the cubital vein, which it shares with Anconatus. A single species is known. Amalancon lutosus. PI. 18, Fig. 13. The dark head and thorax of an insect are all that remain of the body with a part of the legs and most of one fore wing. The thickened post- costal vein is very slightly sinuous and blends apically into the stigma. The first oblique vein is straight and at an angle of fifty degrees with the postcostal ; the second also straight and at an angle of forty-five degrees with the same, the first discoidal cell being two or three times broader on the hind margin than at the base, The cubital vein, exceedingly weak, has HEMIPTEKA—HOMOPTEHA— APHIDES. 271 a course midway in the space between the second obhque and stigraatic veins, and forks about half-way to the tip of tlie wing. Tlie stigmatic cell is long and slender. The wliole wing is very narrow, but its exact pro- portions are uncertain ; probably it is more than three times as long as broad. Length of fore wing, 2.75™™. Florissant. One specimen, No. 340. 14. ANCONATUS Buckton. Anconatua Buckt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177 (1883). Head rather small, subquadrate, broader than long, the front entire and straight. No frontal tubercles. Antennas apparently much shorter than the body, very slender, separated by twice the width of the basal joint, the first and second joints quadrate and successively smaller, the third half the width of the first. Wings narrow, the stigmatic vein arising at about the middle of a pretty large and long stigma, so that the stigmatic cell is generally about a third the length of the wing. Cubital vein very feeble, once forked before, generally considerably before, the stigmatic vein and at a moderate distance from its own origin, wliich is in the second fourth of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins. Second oblique vein arising about twice as near the first oblique as the cubital vein, diverg- ing considerably from the first oblique vein which is unusually transverse, but the first discoidal cell is only three or four times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Legs moderately stout but long, the middle femora being nearly as long as the width of the body, the hind femora as the length of the abdomen. Abdomen stout ovate, considerably broader than the thorax, broadest behind the middle, somewhat pointed apically, with no Cauda, and only short cornicles. Table of the 8j>ecit'x of Aiiconatus. Cubital vein forkiug a long way before the stigmatic vein, and arising only a little before the middle of the space between the first obliqne and stigmatic veins 1. A. dorsuoam. Cubital vein forkiug only a little before the stigmatic vein aiul very far from its origin, which is at p,bout the middle of the proximal half of the space between the first obliq[uo and stigmatic veins. 2. A. hucktoni. 272 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Anconatus dorsuosus. PI. 18, Fig. 9. Anconatus dorsuosus Buokt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 177-178, PI. 133, Fig. 4 (1883). Tlii.s large species is represented by several specimens, all tolerably complete with more or less spread wings. In all the body is uniformly dark, but in none is the form of the wing shown. The postcostal vein is more or less slender, and merges into the greatly elongated subfusiforni stigma, which fades out shortly before the tip of the wing. The first oblique vein is straight and parts from the postcostal at an angle of about seventy degrees, while the second is more or less arcuate after a short distance from the base and its general course is at an angle of forty-five degrees with the postcostal, though the first discoidal cell is apparently only a little more than three times as broad on the hind margin as at the base. Cubital vein arising scarcely before the middle of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins and, running midway between the second oblique and stigmatic veins, forking at some distance before the stigmatic vein (in which the figure is not quite correct) and at about the end of one-third of its course. Stigmatic cell very slender, the stigmatic vein being only gently arcuate, and the cell nearly a third the length of the wing. Length of body, 6""° ; of fore wing, 8™". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3228, 4827, 11175. 2. Anconatus bucktoni. The body is deep black, with pale blotches on the abdomen of one specimen, which may be only flaws in the carbonaceous matter. Excepting the wings and fragments of legs, no appendages are preserved, unless it be one of the cornicles, a slender, equal, not very long, black stem protruding on one side at the place of the cornicle, and less than one-fourth the width of the abdomen. The form of the wings can not be determined, but appar- ently they are very narrow. The postcostal vein and stigma are as in A. dorsuosus. The first oblique vein is straight, and diverges from the post- costal at an angle of fifty degrees ; the second, equall}" straight, as far as it can be seen (not over one-half its course), at an angle of forty degrees ; the stigmatic cell not wholly determinate but perhaps wider at base than in A. HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 273 dorsuosus and exceeding'ly long, Ijeing nearly half as long- as the wing. The cnbital vein arises at about the middle of the proximal half of the space between the first oblique and stigmatic veins, takes a course in the spaco open to it, a little below the middle, and forks only a little before the stigmatic vein, far from its base and very low down, the inferior branch being short. Length of body, 3.5"" ; of fore wing, 7.5™™. Named for my friend, George Bowdler Buckton, Esq., whose mono- graph of the British Aphides is a monument of patient work. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2067, 14289. 15. PTEROSTIGMA Buckton. Pterostigma Buckt., Mouogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178 (1883). Head and antennae precisely as in Anconatus, excepting that the basal antennal joints are slenderer, so that the frontal space between the antennae is several times their width.' Fore wings exceptionally narrow, with the straight postcostal vein distant from the convex margin, the stigmatic vein arising before the middle of the long, curving and tapering stigma, so that the cell is nearly two-fifths as long as the wing (it is shorter than would appear from the plate). Cubital vein very feeble, once forked well before the base of the stigmatic vein and at no very great distance from its own origin, which is near the middle of the space between the first oblique and the stigmatic veins. Second oblique vein arising close to the first and many times nearer it than the cubital vein, sinuous and diverging from the straighter first oblique vein at a considerable angle, so that the first discoidal cell between them is about four times broader on the hind margin than at the base. Legs very slender, but not very long. Abdomen pretty regu- larly oval, apically i-ounded. Table of the species of Pterostigma. Bases of tbesecond oblique and stigmatic veins hardly more distant than the extreme breadth of the wing r. P. reciirriim. Bases of the second oblique and stigmatic veins more than half as distant again as the extreme bread tli of the wiug 2. P. nigrum. ■ What Buckton took for a rostrum of three joints is a broken pare of the right antenna. VOL XIII IS 274 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Pterostigma recurvum. PI. 18, Fig. 18. Pterostigma recurvum Buckt., Monogr. Brit. Aphides, IV, 178, PI. 133, Fig. 6 (1885). A single specimen with expanded wings lies entangled with a species of Aphidinae (Tephraphis walshii). The basal joints of the antennse are preserved, and show the characteristics mentioned under the genus. The fore wings are nearly three times as long as broad, with scarcely any fullness along the hind margin, being exceptionally symmetrical. The thickened postcostal vein is almost straight, with the slightest possible curve from the margin, and in the middle of the wing blends into the exceedingly long, slender, and arcuate stigma, which curves around the tip of the wing nearly to the middle line ; the costal margin is considerably arcuate at base and distant from the postcostal vein. The oblique veins as far as preserved are nearly straight and considerably divergent, but the second is only preserved in its basal half or third ; it diverges from the postcostal about forty degrees, the first as much as fifty degrees. The cubital vein is very faint throughout, but arises about six times as far from the second oblique as that from the first, and at only a short distance less than half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; it has a very longitudinal course and forks narrowly, well before the base of the stigmatic vein and at from one-fourth to one-third the distance from its origin to the extremity of its lower branch. The stigmatic vein parts gently from the stigma and for most of its course is straight, the stigmatic cell being narrow, broadest apically, and nearly two-fifths as long as the wing. The openness of the first dis- coidal cell apically can not be determined, but seems to have been three or four times as broad here as at base. The abdomen seems to be oval, scarcely broader than the thorax, and shows no signs of cauda or cornicles. Length of body, 4.25"°' ; of fore wing, 5.75™". No part of the wing is displaced by pressure, as suggested as possibly the case by Buckton ; on the contrary it is exceptionally undisturbed ; but as drawn on the plate the extreme base of the stigmatic vein is not given (and is in reality very faint and only visible in certain lights), while the apparent short vein close to its base is foreign to the wing. The obscure cubital vein was overlooked when the drawing was made. Florissant One specimen, No. 8085. HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEKA— PSYLLlDiB. 275 2. Pterostigma nigrum. Only the body, somewhat distorted, and one fore wing are preserved, which do not permit so complete a description as of the preceding species. The wing appears to be about three times as long as broad, and with the same symmetrical form seen in the preceding species. The postcostal vein is thick and straight, blending into the considerably thickened stigma. The oblique veins are each very gently arcuate with the opening toward the stigma, unusually oblique and little divergent, the general course of the first being scarcely more than forty-five degrees with the postcostal, that of the second not above forty degrees ; the second is more sinuous and terminates fully as far out as opposite the base of the stigmatic vein, the first opposite the base of the cubital, so that the cell is at least four times as wide on the hind margin as at the base. The cubital vein is very faint, especially toward the base, but arises four or five times as far from the second oblique as the latter from the first oblique vein, and scarcely less than half-way from the first oblique to the stigmatic vein ; it has an exceed- ingly longitudinal course and forks very narrowly far before the base of the stigmatic vein, but just how far the single specimen does not permit deciding. The stigmatic vein parts rather rapidly from the stigma and is strongly arcuate at base, but the form of the stigmatic cell can not be made out. The body is very black and uniform throughout, the abdomen short ovate, and well rounded, with no sign of cauda or cornicles. Length of body, 3.5™°^ ; of wings, 5""". Florissant. One specimen. No. G090. Family PSYLLID^E Latreille. This little family of leaf fleas, closely allied to the Aphides, but always winged at maturity and showing some curious resemblances in neuration to the Psocidse among Neuroptera, seems to be best represented, like the Aphides, in temperate regions. Hitherto it has not been found fossil, but the shales of Florissant have now yielded remains of two species belonging to two diff"erent groups and representing extinct genera allied to Psylla, Pachypsylla, and Psyllopsis. Table of the genera of PsyUida. Stem of the cubital veiu before its fork as loiigasthe stem of the subcostal veiu 1. Necropsylla. Stem of the cubital veiu beforeits fork distinctly shorter than that of the subcostal vein. .2. Catopaylla. 276 TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. NECROPSYLLA gen. nov. (v£7road, ilark, median streak its entire length "2. T. priscotiiicfa. Median streak of tegrniua not extending beyond the basal fourth 3, T. priscovariegata. ,*, The fourth species, from its imperfection, is not here noted. 1. Tettigonia priscomarginata. PI. 7, Fig. 4. A single specimen and its reverse with partially expanded tegmina. A species is indicated of about the size of our Aulacipes irroratus Fabr. sp., and with a head of probablv the same form. The head is scarcely shorter than the transverse thorax, and the tegmina are fully three times as long as HEMirTERA— eOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 303 bi-oad. The neuration does not show clearly ; there is no diminution in breadth before the rapidly rounded apex ; the teg-mina appear to have been clear and light colored on the disk but broadly obscured at base, at the margins, and along the principal veins, and on the apical third broadly margined throughout witlr brownish fuliginous, fading gradually basally. Length of head and thorax, 3.5""" ; tegniina, 9""" ; breadth of latter, 2.75™"'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 34 and 35, Prof L. A Lee. 2. Tettigonia priscotincta. PI. 19, Fig. 9. Head, as viewed from above, rounded, subtriangular, the front strongly convex, the ocelli situated on the vertex, the surface of the head and thorax iniiform, the scutellum roundly angulated behind. Tegniina barely reach- ing the tip of the abdomen, pale with bold dark markings, as follows : A broad subequal stripe follows the outer edge of the sutura clavi to the mid- dle of the wing, where it unites faintly with a narrow stripe which has fol- lowed the commissural margin to the tip of the sutura clavi and distinctly and broadly with a small round spot on the middle of the costal margin ; the markings on the outer half of the wing are somewhat irregular, but may best be described as taking the form of a broad and rude X, one bar run- ning from the center of the wing, just out of contact with the basal mark- ings, to the lower apex of the wing where the margin is clouded with fulig- inous, the other crossing the whole wing obliquely and recurved on the costal margin. I do not find any existing species with markings at all sim- ilar, the nearest approach being that of T. bella Walker from Silhet. Length of body, 7.75""°' ; breadth of head, 2°^"' ; of abdomen, 2 5""" ; length of tegmina, 6™™ ; breadth, 2™™. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 7628, 12996. 3. Tettigonia pkiscovakiegata. A single specimen is preserved, of which only one of the tegmina may certainly be claimed for the species. This is very long and slender, three and a lialf times longer than broad, in the apical fifth tapering rapidly to the rounded tip which is in the middle of the inner half of the tegmina ; it is [)ale with blackish brown markings, which consist, first, of a narrow mar- 304 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. gin around the entire wing, broader on the costal than the inner margin, and, second, of a series of spots connected with the margin: a small quad- rangular spot longer than broad on the inner margin next the tip of the scutellar margin ; opposite it a corniform spot, its broad base seated on the outer margin, its curved apex directed baseward along the middle line ; across the middle of the wing and ba;ely reaching either margin, with a slight obliquity from within outward and apexward a deeply incised sub- reniform spot, the outer half the larger ; and midway between this and the apex a small elongate spot seated by its broad side upon the outer margin. Partially overlain by this wing, but in any case out of normal relation to it, is a broad oval abdomen, on the opposite side of which is a very stout rounded femur, and attached to it a strong, curving, apically enlarged tibia. Length of fragment of the tegmina, 6.. 5°"° ; probable complete length of same, 7""" ; breadth, 2°"^. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 127, Dr. A. S. Packard. 4. Tettigonia obtecta. PI. 5, Figs. 58, 59. Tetligonia ohteeta Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877). A single specimen, with the merest fragments of wings and no legs, but otherwise pretty perfect, belongs, with little doubt, to this family, although its generic affinities are decidedly uncertain. The head is not •quite so broad as the body, bluntly angulated in front (at an angle of about one hundred and thirty degrees) ; the eyes are rather small, the beak stout and about as long as the head. The abdomen is moderately stout but long, tapering to a blunt tip ; the segments, eight in number, growing longer apically, the seventh being twice as long as the second. Length of body, 7.6""°; breadth of same, 2"™; length of rostrum, O.G.o"™ ; diameter of eyes, 0.28"°'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. Denton. BYTHOSCOPUS Germar. The Miocene beds of Radoboj, Croatia, and the Oligocene strata of Aix in Provence, as well as the amber deposits of the same age in Prussia, have each furnished a species of Bythoscopus, to which we can add one from the presumably Oligocene shales of White River, Colorado. HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEKA— JASSIUES. 305 Bythoscopus lapidescens. PI . 5, Fig. 94. Butkoscopiis lapidescens Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877). A single specimen, broken at the edge of a stone, and so preserving only the abdomen and part of the wings. The abdomen is long and slen- der, composed of nine segments, the extremity indicating that it is a female. The wing (the tegmina appear to be entirely absent) reaches the tip of the abdomen, and the apical cells are from a third to nearly half as long as the wing, the upper the longer ; the apex is produced but rounded. Probable length of body, 5.5-""; length of fragment, S.S""-"; breadth of abdomen, LS"""". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, No. 44^ W. Denton. AGALLIA Curtis. To this srenus, now found in both worlds, and never before found fos- sil, I refer several of Florissant species with little doubt, except that most of them are of too large size. Table of the species of Agallia. Large species (body exceeding eight millimeters iu length) ; a cross-vein uniting the radial vein to the margin in the outer half of the wing. Tegmina more than three times as long as broad. Apical cells of tegmina twice as long as broad 1. A. lewisii. Apical cells of tegmina only half as long again as broad 2. A. flacdda. Tegmina less than three times as long as broad 3. A. instabilis. Small species (body less than five millimeters in length) ; no cross-vein uniting the radial vein to the margin 4. A. abatructa. 1. Agallia lewisii. PI. 19, Figs. 7, 21. Head relatively small, narr-ower than the thorax by reason of the for- ward narrowing of the latter, broadly rounded. The thorax is veiy finely wrinkled transversely. The tegmina are fully three times as long as broad, the costal margin broadly and pretty regularly convex but more rounded at the extremities than in the middle ; the ulnar vein forks (and is united to the radial) at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and the latter runs into the costal margin a little before the tip, sending a cross-vein to the margin at about the middle of the apical half of the wing, opposite which a VOL XIII 20 306 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. pair of elongated subapical cells are formed between the radial and upper ulnar veins by their union through a cross- vein shortly before the marginal cross-vein ; considerably more than half-way from this first-mentioned cross-vein to the apex of the wing cross-veins cut off the four apical cells. The hind wings show in their upper half two forked veins united by a cross- vein opposite the middle of the cells thus formed, and the lower, similarly, to the simple vein which follows it. The large size of the insect and its relatively small head make it some- what doubtful whether it should be retained in Agallia. Length of body, 8.5""" ; tegmina, 5.5"™ ; hind femora, 2°'" ; hind tibia;, 3.5°"". In memory of the late lamented and talented geologist, Henry Carville Lewis, of Pennsylvania. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 307, 8293 and 8725, 13582, and from the Princeton Collection, Nos. 1.801 and 1.805. 2. Agallia flaccida. PI. 19, Fig. 18. This species is closely allied to the last, differing principally in the denser structure of the tegmina, in which the neuration less plainly appears, and in the brevity and relative breadth of the apical cells. The shape of the tegmina is the same, being nearlv equal throughout with broad apex, in contrast to the more oval form of the succeeding species ; they are a lit- tle more than three times as long as broad, and the central apical cells are hardly half as long again as broad. Length of body, 7.25"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5'"°' ; length of tegmiira, 5.5°'"'; breadth, LGS"""; length of hind tibiae, 3"°'. Florissant, Colorado. Three specimens, Nos. 7858, 7979, 10168 3. Agallia instabilis. PI. 21, Fig. 1. This is a stouter species than those which have preceded, with rela- tively shorter tegmina. A single specimen is preserved, with one of the tegmina expanded. The extremity of the abdomen has disappeared, no that the length of the animal can not be determined, but its great breadth can be seen by comparison with the width of tlie tegmina. The legs are slender. HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 307 The costal margin of the tegmina is greatly thickened and regularly and considerably arcuate, giving an unusually ovate shape to the whole, which is increased by the somewhat pointed though rounded apex. The tegmina, which are less than three times as long as b'road, appear to be tenuous, and the veins, though not the sutura clavi, are very indistinct. The body is uniformly dark and parallel-sided. Breadth of body. 2.5"°'; length of tegmina, 5.75"""; breadth, 2""; length of hind tibiae, 3.25""". Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 78. 4. Agallia abstructa. PI. 19, Fig. 5. Head as broad as the uniformly broad thorax. Tegmina barely extend- ing to the tip of the abdomen, long oval, almost three and a half times as long as broad, the costal border regularly and very little arcuate, the apex strongly convex ; the ulnar vein forks at the end of the proximal third of the wing, and the upper brancli is immediately united by a recurrent cross- vein, longer than the pedicel of the upper ulnar, to the radial vein, the latter running into the margin not far before the tip but uniting with it by no cross-vein ; scarcely beyond the middle of the wing the radial and upper ulnar veins are united by a bent cross-vein, from the middle of which springs a veinlet, dividing the area between them, and at just about half-way to the tip all the veins are united by a transverse series of gradate cross-veins, beyond which the discontinuous longitudinal veins diverge, producing apical cells distinctly broader at the margin than at base Length of body, iS""""; tegmina, 3.7"""; breadth of bodj^, 1.5"""; teg- mina, l.!"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 2658. GYPONA Germar. The only reference of a fossil to this genus is in my first mention of the Homoptera collected by Denton on the White River, as belonging to genera "allied to Issus, Gypona, and Delphax." Since then these have been described under the genera Aphana, Delphax, Tettigonia, and Bythoscopus. The one now described below is referred here only in a general and vague sense, as it is too ill preserved to speak of it with confidence. 308 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Gypona cinercia. PL 19, Fig. 4. The head and thorax are decidedly darker than the abdomen, and the spread, but crumpled, elytra are scarcely visible as distinct from the color of the stone except for their slightly darker edges. The head is not more than half as broad as the thorax (which shows that it can not strictly fall into Grypona), with small and rather prominent eyes. The elytra are very slender, extending beyond the abdomen, with only slight and feeble traces of neuration, and apparently very tenuous. The wings are a little shorter but broader, and so more ample. Length of body, 8.5°"° ; tegmina, 8°"" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5°™. Florissant. One specimen, No. 14229. JASSUS Fabricius. Two species of this genus have been described from the Prussian amber and several others (compared with different existing forms from those with which the former were compared) have been indicated by Gravenhorst from the same source. It appears, however, not to have been recognized in the rocks, and the species here refeiTed to it is too imperfect to be sure of the correctness of the reference. JaSSUS? LATEBR.*. PI. 20, Fig. 19. The head has much the form of that of Jassus spinicornis from Prus- sian amber; the thorax is very faintly and not very finely nor closely punc- t;ite ; the tenuous and diaphanous tegmina extend a little way beyond the tip of the abdomen, and are apparently almost three times longer than broad ; tliey are traversed by rather distant longitudinal veins, of which five reach the apical margin ; the character of their furcation and anastomosis can not be determined with certainty, but wherever it can be traced appears to agree with the simpler types of Jassus. Length of body, 3.5°"°; breadth of same, 1.2"°'; length of tegmina, Qmm Florissant. One specimen, No. 6639. HEMIPTEUA— HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 309 THAMNOTETTIX Zetterstedt. No species of tliis genus have been hitherto recognized among fossil insects. The larger species here described certainly belong here or in the immediate vicinity, the neuration of both tegmina and hind wings closelv agreeing, as well as such other details of bodily structure as can be seen. The small species is placed here with more doubt, since it is too poorly pre- served to determine with any confidence. Table of the species of Thamnotettix, Larger species ; more thau three millimeters in length. Relatively stout bodied, with tegmina barel,v tliree times as long as broad 1. T. mittilata. Relatively slender bodied with tegmina considerably more than three times as long as broad. 2. T. gannetti. Smaller species; less than three millimeters in length 3. T. fundi. 1. Thamnotettix mutilata. PI. 7, Fig. 6. A single specimen is preserved, showing only a jjart of the head but the whole dorsal view of the rest of the body, with one of the tegmina partly expanded. The body is long ovoid, very regular in shape with full abdomen, hardly pinched posterioi'ly, but with full rounded curve. The thorax is transverse, and the scutellum large for this genus, being if any thing a little longer than the thorax The tegmina are barely three times as long as broad, with interrupted dusky maculae along the outer half of the costal margin, and slight signs of the same along the inner margin. The hind tibiae are obscurely seen through the body, and appear as if very densely spined with excessively minute and short spines, very different in character from those of living types. Length of body, 4.55°"°; breadth, 1.4°""; length of tegmina, 3.75°"°; breadth, 1.25°>°'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 73, Prof L. A. Lee. 2. Thamnotettix gannetti. PI. 6, Fig. 33 ; PI. 7, Fig. 5. Two specimens, differing a little in size, seem to belong together, both preserved in a similar manner, showing a dorsal view with spread tegmina, and wings, though in one case part was covered when the plate was drawn. The body is rather slender, the abdomen tolerably full, but pinched 310 TEHTIAEY INSECTS OF N iRTH AMERICA. apically, so that the last two segments are much narrower than the preced- ing. Tlie transverse thorax, as in the preceding species, is shghtly shorter than the unusually large scutellum. The tegmina are considerably more than three times as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins rather heavily marked ; there are four apical cells, which are more than twice as long as broad. The venation of the upper half of the hind wings (all that is pre- served) is precisely the same as that of T. simplex of Europe, excepting that the lower cross-vein is strongly oblique instead of transverse. Length of body, 3.3-4.1""' ; breadth of abdomen, 1.15-1.5°"°; length of tegmina, 3.1-3.5 (?)""" ; breadth, 0.85-0.85 (?)""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 116, 120, Dr. A. S. Packard. S^Thamnotettix fundi. PI. 19, Fig. 20. Head roundly angulate in front, the thorax small. Tegmina slender, elongate, surpassing a little the abdomen, about three and a half times longer than broad, the costal edge nearly straight, the longitudinal veins few, distant, and feint, the substance of the wing being slightl}^ coriaceous, or only partly diaphanous, as in our green and unicolorous living species. Length of body, 2.85"" ; tegmina, 2.65"" ; width of body, 0.85"" ; tegmina, 0.75™". Florissant. One specimen. No. 3412. CICADULA Zetterstedt No fossil species of Jassida have yet been referred to this genus, and the present reference of a somewhat obscure species is by no means definite. CiCADULA SAXOSA. PI. 6, Fig, 26. A species is indicated of about the size of our C sexnotata, but with more opaque tegmhia. Only the part of the head between the eyes is pi-e served, giving it a more distinct and quadrate appearance than would be otherwise the case ; the front is broadly rounded. The thorax is more than twice as broad as long and the posterior angle of the scutellum is slightly more than a right angle. The tegmina are opaque, showing scarcely any veins, and these only longitudinal, the suturaclavi terminating in the middle HEMlPTEliA— HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 31 1 of the apical half; they are considerably more than three times as long as broad, subequal tliroughout, with well rounded apex. The abdomen is long oval, largest about one-third way from base, tapering beyond to a bluntly pointed tip. Length of body, 2.75""; greatest breadth, 0.9""; length of tegmina, 2.5"" ; breadth, 0.75"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 114 and 126, Dr. A. S. Packard. ACOCEPHALUS German Heer has described two species of this genus from the Miocene beds of Radoboj, and two of our American fossils are referred dubiously to the same group, though they differ considerably from each other in the general form of the body. Heer's species, too, strictly interpreted, should be placed elsewhere, though they are certainly near Acocephalus. Table of the species of Acocephalus. Sleuder species; body more than three times as loug as broad 1. A. adw. Stout species; body less than three times as long as broad... 2. A. callosus. 1. Acocephalus ad.*;. PL 6, Fig. 29. Acocephalus adw Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geo!. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771 (1878). Two specimens represent the body of apparently a species of Acoceph- alus. The head projects forward in a triangular form, is rounded at the extreme apex, a little broader than long, and nearly twice as broad between the small eyes as its length in advance of them. The body is slender, the abdomen slightly tapering, rounded at the apex. The tegmina extend a short distance beyond the body with parallel longitudinal veins. Length of body, 5.25""; breadth of head, 1.4'""; of middle of abdo- men, 1.3"". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 72, 100, F. C. A. Rich- ardson. 2. Acocephalus callosus. PI. 19, Fig. 15. Although the figure seems to show a bluntly rounded head very uncharacteristic of Acocephalus, it evidently results from the mode of pres- ervation, the bod)' being crushed on a three-fourths view, obscuring the angularity of the front, which a careful examination of the specimen itself 312 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. seems to show. The eye is small, as there. The tegmina are hyaline, apparently reaching about to the tip of the abdomen (the whole of which is not preserved, but can be readily restored in the main), and has few lon- gitudinal veins connected, a little beyond the middle and again more than half-way to the tip, by series of cross-veins. The legs are rather short and moderately stout, the middle tibiae only half as long again as the tarsi. Presumed length of body, 6.5°"" ; breadth, 2.5'"'" ; length of tegmina, 5.5°""; middle tibia}, l.?""-"; tarsi, 1.2"'"'. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 11307 and 14386. JASSOPSIS gen. nov. (Jassus, nom. gen.). Allied to Thamnotettix. The thorax is rounded subquadrate, as long as broad, and the scutellum not more than half as long as the thorax. The veins of the tegmina are peculiar in that the radial parts from the costal vein and the ulnar vein from the sutura clavi at similar and very short dis- tances from the base ; there are but three apical cells. A single species is known. Jassopsis evidens. PL 19, Fig. 16. The single specimen is preserved so as to show a dorsal view with the tegmina unequally expanded. The head is lost but was relatively narrow, to judge by the anterior tapering of the thorax. The body is very dark and uniformly so, the posterior angle of the scutellum a right angle. The tegmina were semiopaque, with the veins heavily marked, the sutura clavi terminating in the middle of the wing ; they are three and a half times longer than broad, and the costal margin is strongly arcuate, especially dis- tally, so that the apex falls at about the middle of the lower half of the wing and is roundly pointed ; cross-veins unite the principal nervures where the radial vein forks at about three-fifths the distance from the base of the wing.. The abdomen is subconical, tapering pretty uniformly almost from the base, with pretty straight sides, the tip bluntly pointed. Length of body (without head), 3.2"""" ; breadth of abdomen near base, Li""""; length of tegmina, 3'"™; breadth, 0.85™°'. Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 5188 HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 313 CCELIDIA Germar. The only species of this group hitherto reported fossil is one described below from British Columbia. To this we now add another species from Wyoming. It is an American type l)est developed in the tropics, but not unknown in the southern United States. Table of the apedes of Cwlidia. Tegmiualess than three times as loag as broad 1. C. Columbiana. Tegmina more than three times as long as broad ...2. C. wyomingensis. 1. CcELIDIA COLUMBIANA. PI. 2, Fig. 13. Coelidia Columbiana Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 185B (1878). A pair of tegmina, in which most of the venation can be made out, with a crushed body and crumpled wings, represent a species of Coelidia or an allied genus, with rather broad tegmina. The veins of the tegmina are nearly parallel to the gently arcuate costal margin, are equidistant from one another, and are united by cross-veins near the middle of the apical half of the tegmina, the lower ulnar vein, which runs only a little below the mid- dle of the wing, forking at this point ; the upper of the apical areolets, how- ever, is considerably shorter than the others ; the two ulnar veins are united by a cross-vein in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, while not far from the middle of the tegmina the ulnar and radial veins are similarly united. The tegmina do not taper apically, the extremity is rounded and obliquely docked, and the sutura clavi is short. The hind wings are pro- vided with an unusual number of cross- veins. Length of tegmina, S""" ; breadth, 3.25°"°. Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 75, Geol. Surv. Canada, Dr. G. M. Dawson. 2. CCELIDIA WYOMINGENSIS. PI. 4, Fig. 8. A dark species appears to be indicated, the head and thorax being black and the veins of the tegmina heavily marked with dark fuliginous. The tegmina are well rounded, about three and a quarter times as long as broad, the costal margin regularly and pretty strongly convex ; the pedicel 314 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. of the upper ulnar branch is shghtly shorter than the cross-vein uniting it to the radial ; the radial is parallel to the costa throughout ; a second cross- vein unites the radial and upper ulnar where the former forks, as far from the first cross-vein as the width of tlie wing, and the apical series of cross- veins is half-way between this new cross-vein and the apex of the wing. Length of teguiina as preserved, 7.5™™; as restored, 8 5™™; breadth, 2.5™™. Twin Creek, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 6^, Dr. A. C. Peale. DOCIMUS gen. nov. (Schi/xo?). This name is proposed for an insect with somewhat remarkable neura- tion, which reminds us somewhat of that of Walker's East Indian genus Isaca. The sutura clavi is very long, reaching to the middle of the outer half of the wing, while the apical cells, the only wholly diaphanous part of the wing, are very long, occupying fully the apical third, and are very few in number, only three reaching the apical margin, and all being bounded away from the middle line of the wing by remarkably arcuate and divergent veins, giving somewhat the aspect of a Psylla to the wing. The body is very stout, with a full abdomen, well rounded behind, and in no way pointed. A single species is known, or possibly two. DOCIMUS PSYLLOIDES. PI. 19, Figs. 6, 17. The head is not preserved. The thorax is faintly punctate. The teg- mina are fully two and a half times longer than broad; the ulnar vein forks very close to the base, and where it is united by a cross-vein to the radinl these two are united by another ci'oss-vein in the middle of the wing, beyond which the space is separated into two longitudinal cells ; the radial ends near the apex in a strongly arcuate fork, which at first curves down- ward into the heai't of the wing and then turns upward, the cell opening on the costal border at the edge of the apical border ; opposite the origin of this fork the next and the last veins are abruptly but roundly bent and send cross-veins directed obliquely inwai'd to the intermediate vein from the angles, beyond which they divaricate. HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— CEKOOPID.E. 3 1 5 This description is based wholly upon the specimen illustrated in Fig. 17. That given in Fig. 6 and two others are too imperfect to determine that they certainly belong hero, but they may form a second species of the genus with less strongly curved veins. Length of body, 6.75°""; breadth, 3°"°; length of tegmina, 5.5""; breadth, 2"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4625, 4747, 9299, 10479. Family CERCOPID^C Leach. This was the prevailing type of Homoptera in Tertiary times, at least if the number of individuals be regarded. At Florissant they appear to form three-fourths of the whole bulk. As compared with Fulgorina they were there slightly less numerous in species and genera, but five times as as numerous in individuals. Most of the extinct forms have been referred by authors and especially by Grermar and Heer to the existing genera Cer- copis and Aphrophora, but, as we shall see, these references were so far incorrect that in several instances they belonged to the alternate subfamily and not to that to which they were referred.' So, too, one insect found in the Isle of Wight Tertiary is referred to an existing form, but probably without sufficient reason. As to our own species, some of them are gigantic, nearly all large, and by far the greater part of them allied to types now found only in the tropics of the New World, and yet I have been unable in any instance to refer them to existing genera, though doubtless some of them will be found so referable. The lack of sufficient tropical materials in the museums' of this neighborhood compel the description of several genera as new whicli may prove still extant. Subfamily CERCOPIDA St&l. The larger part of the fossil Cercopidse that have been described have been referred to this subfamily, but in several instances, as will be pointed out, the reference is incorrect. There remain, however, several species of Cer- copis, a Cercopidium, and a Triecphora (this latter regarded as an existing 'There is a mistake in Ileer's work on Oeningea insects in tlie references to tlie species of Cercopis on PI. 11. I'he plale is correctly marked, but tlio separate explanation of the plate ami the references in the text give a fignre to C. iingeri which does not exist, and make eleven figures to the plate when there are only ten. The references to C. pallida, oeningensis, fasciata, and rocteliuea, which are re- spectively 8, 9, 10, and 11, should be 7, 8, 9, and 10. 316 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. species by Woodward) from the European rocks and from amber, while in our own country by far the larger proportion of the Cercopidse belong to this subfamily, and, excepting three species regarded as belonging to Cer- copis, one each from British Columbia, Green River, and Florissant, all are referred to extinct generic types ; these include seventeen species and six genera, one of them, Petrolystra, with two species, gigantic and possibly luminiferous insects, which must have been one of the striking features of Florissant Oligocene entomology ; another, Palecphora, with six species, five of them from Florissant and one from Green River, was the prevailing homopterous type ; Cercopites is known only from Green River ; the remainder, with the exceptions noted, only from Florissant, and one of the prettiest, Prinecphora, was by no means rare. As a whole the aspect of the cercopid fauna was decidedly tropical. CERCOPITES gen. nov. (Cercopis, nom. gen.). Head relatively small, including the eyes hardly more than half as broad as the thorax, not appressed, but prominent. Thorax more or less hexagonal, much broader than long, the front border transverse or undate, the base truncate; scutellum equiangular. Tegmina large and well rounded, but little more than twice a,s long as broad, with convex costa, the tip slightly narrowed and sharply rounded, the radial and ulnar veins forking- once each with no apparent apical cells, the radial forking scarcely before the middle of the wing, and before forking running at no great distance from and parallel to the margin. Two species are known, both from the Wyoming Tertiaries. TaMe of the species of Cercopites. Smaller species, the wings expanding about eight millimeters ; front margin of thorax straight. 1. C. umiratilis. Larger species, the wings expanding about twenty millimeters; front margin of thorax uudate or biconcave ...2. C. calliscens. 1. Cercopites umbratilis. PI. 7, Fig. 9. The single specimen is rather obscurely preserved, showing an upper surface with spread wings. The bod}^ is stout, the abdomen full and rounded ; the front margin of the thorax is straight behind the head, but HEMIPTER A— HOMOPTERA— CERC OPID^, 3 1 7 retreats slightly at the sides, so as to give it a slightly convex aspect. The body is dark and uniform, the tegmina the same but sliglitly lighter over the disk ; the costa is very strongly convex. Length of body, 2.75°""; breadth, 1.1°"° ; length of tegmina as jjre- served, 3.5°'°' ; as restored, 3.8°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 108, Dr. A. S. Packard. 2. Cercopites calliscens. PI. 6, Fig. 32. Head suborbicular, with scarcely protruding eyes, a little broader only than long ; the ocelli are obscure, but what are apparently these are farther removed from each other than from the eyes. Thorax broadest in the middle of the anterior half, from which point it rapidly narrows both in front and behind ; base straight ; front margin broadly concave except for a slight and angular middle prominence, which breaks the curve in two. Body dai'k fuliginous. Tegmina pallid, but with a darker costal margin and a similar but broad apical band ; the veins show with tolerable di.s- tinctness, though they are generally very obscure in the wings, which show a neuration in all respects typical so far as visible. Length of body, including closed wings, 11°™; breadth, S.S"" ; length of tegmina, 8.5°'°'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 104 and 115, Dr. A. S. Packard. CERCOPIS Fabricius. A number of species have been referred to this genus from the Euro- pean Tertiaries, but, as mentioned below under that subfamily, they are mostly referable to the Aphrophorida. It is doubtful whether any of the species of true Cercopina should be classed generically with those here placed in this group, and which are known by their tegmina only ; the form of the wings, as well as their neuration, differs considerably, but until more of the structure can be determined it has seemed best to class them here. It mav be noted that the radial vein branches sooner than in Cer- copites. Tahle of the species of Cercopis. Tegmiua unicolorous. Larger species ; tbe tegmina measuring fifteen millimeters in length; radial vein before forking widely distant from margin. 1. C. seJirjini. Smaller species ; the tegmina measuring less than ten millimeters in length; radial vein betbrc forking only moderately distant from the margin 2. C. astricta. Tegmina transversely bauded 3. C. sufocata. 318 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Cergopis selwyni. PI. 2, Figs. 14, 15. Cercopis selwyni Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Cau., 1877-1878, 184B-18!>B (1879). A pair of nearly perfect tegniina, reverses of each other, represent a species aUied, but rather distantly, to the gigantic species of Cercopida described by Heer from Radoboj. It differs from them all in neuration, in the form of the costal border and of the apex. The portion of the wing below the straight sutura clavi is broken away. The basal half of the costal margin is strongly and rather uniformly arcuate, but more strongly close to the base; the apical half of the same is nearly straight; the apical margin is a little obliquely and roundly excised, gently convex, the tip roundly angulated. The costal vein parts from the common trunk close to the base and follows close to the margin, terminating at about one-third way to the tip ; the radial vein is directed toward the middle of the outer half of the costal border, until it forks, a little before the middle of the wing, when both straight branches run subparallel toward the tip ; the ulnar vein also forks once, half-way lietween the base and the fork of the radial vein, and its straight branches, with those of the radial vein, sul)di- vide the outer half of the wing subequally, all being evanescent toward the apical margin ; the sutura clavi reaches as far as these veins are visible. Length of wing, 16.5™'"; breadth of wing at tip of sutura clavi, S™"" ; length of sutura clavi, 14""". Nine Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 64 and 65, Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Surve}^ of Canada. 2. Cercopis asteicta. PI. 7, Fig. 15. Reverse and obverse of the greater part of one of the tegmina of a much smaller insect than the preceding represent this species ; no part of the clavus is preserved nor even quite up to the sutura clavi. The costal margin is very strongly convex, the curve being strongest in the middle so as to appear bent ; the apical area is equally full above and below, or only a trifle the fuller above, the maro^in stronolv convex. The costal vein can not be made out, and the radial is almost equidistant from the margin, and relatively only about half sis far as in the preceding species, before it HEMIPTEEA— HOMOPTERA— CERGOPID^. 3 1 9 forks, when, after reaching their widest, the two forks run exactly parallel to the costal margin, fading in the darker outer third of the wing; the bi-anches of the ulnar vein originate as in the last species, and are parallel to the radial branches, all being also equidistant. Length of tegniina, 9'""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 1 0 and 125, Dr. A. S. Packard. 3. Cercopis suffocata. PL 19, Figs. 2, 3. A single one of the tegmina of an insect with the clavus gone, but very different in its markings from anything known. Its simple neuration allies it directly with the other species referred here ; the radial, however, is dis- tant throughout from the margin. The costal margin is very regularly and considerabh* convex, and the apex very strongly rounded, produced, and almost pointed. A broad and uniform belt of dark color follows the costal mai-gin at the base for nearly two-fifths its course, in striking contrast to the generally pale color of the wing, and distally joins a similar transverse and slightly oblique bar crossing the wing as far as the sutura clavi ; all the base of the wing, dark or light, is finely and distantly punctuate, as shown in Fig. 2 ; a second transverse and similarly oblique dark band, slightly broader, crosses the wing just before the apex, its inner border just striking the tip of the sutura clavi. Length of tegmina, 8.5""" ; breadth at tip of sutura clavi, 3°"°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 262. PETROLYSTRA Scudder (Trsrpo?, Lystra, nom. gen.). Petrolysliu Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 530-531 (1878). One of the most striking instances of tropical affinities in the Tertiary shales of Florissant is found in the presence of two species of a genus of huge Homoptera, rivaling the famous lantern-fly of South America in size, but diff'ering in neuration and other features from any genus hitherto de- scribed. At first glance one would think that it belonged to the Fulgorida, a subfamily which, with Stridulantia, includes most of the larger forms of the suborder, and to be somewhat nearly allied to Paralystra; but it differs from this, and, so far as I can determine, from all Fulgorina, in the minute- 320 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ness of the scutellum,and must be referred instead to the Cercopida, although larger than any species of that group which I find noticed, while in compar- ison with the temperate forms of that subfamily it is gigantic, most of our own species not exceeding one-fourth its length. The name is not very well chosen. The body is robust, the head large, apparently flat above, about twice as broad as long, bvit considerably narrower than the thorax, the front regu- larly and very broadly convex ; clypeus about half as broad as the head, somewhat convex, coarsely carinate down the middle with distinct lateral transverse rugae ; ocelli indeterminate ; rostrum shorter than the breadth of the tegmina. Thorax broadening posteriorly, continuing the curve of the head ; the front margin rather deeply and very broadly excised, so that its middle is straight and the lateral angles are rather sharph^ angulate ; the hind margin with very oblique sides, so that these, if continued, would form less than a right angle with each other, but toward the middle line incurved, so that the thorax is rounded posteriorly and excised in the middle. Scu- tellum very small, scarcely more than half as long as the thorax and rather longer than broad, tapering more rapidly in the basal than in the apical half The fore tibiae apparently unarmed, and of the same length as the fore femora ; the apical tarsal joint of same legs tumid, longer than the other joints combined, of which the second is less than half as long as the basal joint, the whole leg only a little longer than the breadth of the tegmina; fore coxse apparently in close proximity. Tegmina large, nearly equal throughout, the inner base angularly excised next the posterior border of the thorax, the apex well rounded, a little produced anteriorly ; it was appar- ently coriaceous, with little mark of any excepting some of the principal veins, which are elevated. The base of the costal part of the wing is so expanded, to give equality to the wing, that the radial vein at its base is very near the middle of the tegmina, and continues so until it forks in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina ; its lower branch continues its course sub- parallel to the costal margin, while the upper branch curves upward and follows close to the costal margin until, like its fellow, it is lost in the mem- brane near the tip of the tegmina ; the sutura clavi runs straight to the pos- terior border beyond the middle of its outer half, and midway between the two the radial originates, forking almost immediately, the forks dividing the inner area equally between them, and in the middle of the outer half of the UEMIl'TEKA— HOMOPTEEA— CEKCOriD^. 32 1 tegmina united to each other by a cross- vein, to which they bend ; they too are lost before the tip. The wings are not sufficiently preserved to charac- terize, but appear to agree in general character with those of Triecphora. Abdomen more than twice as long as the rest of the body, topering regularly to a pointed extremity. Table of the sjjecies of Petrol ijslra. Pale bands of tegmina occupying hardly more space than tbe dark grouud 1. /'. ijiiiauliM. Pale bauds almo.st supplanting tbe normal dark ground of tegmina d. P. hcrox. 1. Petrolystra gigantea. PI. 20, Figs. 5-7. Peirohjstra gigavtea Sendd. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 531-532 (1878) : in Zittel, Haudb. d. Pala?ont., I, ii, 781, Fig. 902 (1885). Two nearly perfect specimens, reverses of each other, were picked up by a child just as I reached the quarries at Florissant, on my first visit to them, and another, a fragment of a wing, was afterward found in the same place. The head was apparently dark-colored, the thorax not so dark, delicately and softly shagreened, with a slight median carina The tegmina ai'e almost similarly rugulose ; the costa of the same is pretty strongly con- vex at base, very slightl}'^ convex beyond the middle of the basal half; the posterior border is slightly excised at the tif) of the clavus, and the outer margin is oblique, being angularly excised at the posterior angle, although rounded throughout. It is dark, darkest at base and gradually grows lighter, more fuliginous toward the tip (although all the specimens do not show this), and is traversed by four equidistant transverse pale bands, the basal one reduced to a spot in the middle of the extreme base, where it oc- cupies about one-third the width of the wing; and the apical one rather cloudy, half as broad as the breadth of the tip and as far from the tip as from either border, equal, two or three times as broad as long, sinuoue or lunate ; the other two are more distinct, with sharply defined borders and irregularly sinuous ; the outer of the two traverses the entire wing, touch- ing the costal border, however, by only the tip of the rounded extremity, while it expands upon the posterior border ; the inner of the two is rounded at either extremity, fails of reaching either border, and is constricted just beneath the radial vein ; both of these bands average in width the breadth of the interspaces. VOL XIII 21 322 TERTIA.RY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMERICA. The specimen given in Fig. 5 is presumed to be a hind wing belonging to this species, but is so folded that the course of the neuration can hardly be determined ; if it is correctly given the hind wing nuist have been banded like the fore wing. Length of body, 23.5°""; of head, 3.15""" ; of thorax, 4.5""" ; of abdo- men, 15.25°"°; width of head 7°"°; of clypeus, 3.8°"°; length of rostrum, 8.5°""; width of thorax behind, 8 5""" ; length of scutellum, o'°'°; its breadth at base, 2.5°'°': length of tegmina, 29.5'°"; width next base, 10.5™"; near tip, 8.5°"". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 62, 411 and 412, 11241. 2. Petrolystra herds. PI. 20, Fig. 8. Petrolystra heros Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 532 (1878). A single specimen shows one of the tegmina in a good state of preser- vation, together with both fore legs. It differs from P. gigantea in the broader bands of the tegmina and in the form of the latter, the posterior border being slightly fuller at the base, so as to make that part of the wing proportionally broader, while the posterior angle of the tip is not obliquely excised, making the extremity truncate rather than pointed. The bands have expanded so as to occupy the larger part of the wing ; the basal sjiot occu- pies the entire base from border to border (excepting the very root) as far as an oblique transverse line, subparallel to the inner basal edge of the wins', fi-nd distant from the root nearly half the width of the wing ; it also infringes upon that bordering line by a large semicircular excision in the middle ; the apical spot is very nearly as long as broad, and stops just short of the margin on all three sides of the apex, and in the middle of the wing breaks through the intervening dark stripe into the outer of the two middle bands ; these two middle bands are also much broader than in the other .species, but not to so great a degree as the extreme bands ; they reach from border to border, and are united to each other and to the basal spot along the sutura clavi ; the wing therefore has the appearance rather of being pale, with three transverse dark stripes, Avhich are bi'oad (and the outer two triangular) on the anterior half of the tegmina, narrow, sinuous, and broken on the posterior half IlKMIl'TKUA— IIOMOPTERA— CEKGOriD.li. 323 Lengtli of tegmina, 28.25™"; width at base, 10.8""='-; at tip, 7.2"""; length of fore femora, 4.,5"'"' ; fore tibia?, .5""' ; fore tarsi, 2.75"™ ; first tarsal joint, 0.8""" ; last tar.sal joint, 1.7""" ; claws, 0.5™". Florissant. One specimen, No. 11829. ■ LOORITES gen. nov. (Locris, nom. gen.). Body stout. Head large, protuberant, well rounded, not angulated in front, though subtriangular. Thorax transverse, nu)re than twice as broad as long, truncate both in front and behind. Scutelluni moderately large, equiangular, the angles sharp. Tegniina^ large, full, about two i\nd a half times longer than broad, with strongly curved costal margin, tapering con- siderably in their apical half, the apex roundly angulated ; the radial vein forking well before the middle of the wing and before that widely separated from the margin, midway between which and it the costal vein runs ; ulnar vein much as in the species here referred to Cercopis. Both middle and hind femora are about two-thirds as long as their respective tibire. Abdo- men stout, tapering conically in the apical half. To this genus evidently belongs Cercopis haidingeri Heer from Radoboj, Croatia, which is slightly larger than the larger of the two species from Florissant we place here. Table of the species of Locrites. Larger species; tegmina uniformly mottled in generally distributed blotches 1. L. copei. Smaller species; markings of tegmina confined to obscure transverse darker bands in the basal two- thirds of the wing 2. L. whiiei. 1. Locrites copei. PI. 21, Fig. 19. In one of the specimens referred here, the one figured, the dorsal sui*- face is shown, but with many of the ventral parts showing through. The tegmina, however, as in many of tlie insects from Florissant, appear as if bleached out, and the real markings lost: for these we have to go to the second specimen, preserved upon a side view, which shows a delicate mot- tling of dark, circular or transverse, minute spots, more or less clustered into larger but still small roundish blotches, pretty evenly distributed, but absent from the extreme tip ; the sutura clavi is ver}- distinct and heavy, 324 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. and the Avliole of tlie elavus obscure. The h.ead, thorax, and scuteUum appear to be uniformly and deeply sulcata (or carhiate, if No. 9374 is an obverse). Length of body, 15..'')"""; of tegraina, 14°""; breadth of thorax, 5.5"""; combined tegmina, 10""". Named for Prof E. D. Cope, of Philadelphia, the distinguished and versatile paleontologist and collaborator of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9374, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1.903. 2. LOCRITES WHITEI. PI. 21, Fig. 17. The single specimen and its reverse represent the dorsal surface of an insect with closed wings. The head is relatively broader than in the last species, with a similar though much slighter mediodorsal sulcation; the ocelli appear to be nearer together than to the eyes. The body is black, and the tegmina dark fuliginous, but permitting the black abdomen to be seen through them ; the distal half appears to be uniform, but the basal half to be transversely banded by broad darker bars, between which and between the basal bar and the base the tegmina are slightly lighter than the normal ground, accentuating the bands. Length of body, 13.25™"^; tegmina, 12"""^; breadth of thorax, 5"""; combined tegmina, 7™". Named for my colleague. Dr. C A. White, one of the paleontological collaborators of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8313 and 8314. PALECPPIORA gen. nov. (7ra\at6?, ijKpopd). Allied to Triecphora in neuration, but with a more slender habit and relatively far smaller clavas. Head suborbicular, about half as broad as the thorax, the front well rounded, in no sense angulate, with a slight longi- tudinal carina; ocelli posteriorly placed, much nearer together than to the eyes. Thorax rather broader than long, the front and posterior margins truncate, the sides angulate, so as to be as a whole transversely hexangular, but more or less rounded, so as often to appear suborbicular; marked indis- HEMIPTERA— eOMOPTEKA— CERCOPID^. 325 tinctly with a faint median sulcation and in the middle of the lateral halves, anteriorly, with posteriorly converging similar carinse, to be seen only in clear specimens. Scutellum moderately large, subequiangular, slightly broader than long, the sides faintly concave, continuons with the angles of the thorax, the base truncate, the tip sharply pointed. Tegmina long oval, the clavus occupying not more than a fifth of the whole, which is fiilly two and a half times as long as broad, tapering only at the extreme tip and roundly pointed slightly above the middle line, the costal margin pretty strongly convex ; the costal vein appears to be lacking; the radial with its outer fork runs in one continuous line parallel to the costal margin through- out and at a moderate distance from it ; its inner fork parts from it a very little beyond the middle of the wing, the ulnar forking considerably before the middle ; all these branches parallel and united by subcontinuous cross- veins parallel to the apical margin, from the middle of each of which the lon- gitudinal veins continue to the margin, one or two of the upper ones (and especially the second) usually widely forked, forming apical cells nearly a sixth the length of the wing; besides this, straight but rather strongly oblique cross- veins connect the upper radial branch to the margin ; all of this minor venation is sometimes obscured by the opacity of the membrane. Wings a little shorter than the tegmina, of the usual form, the marginal vein continuous; second and third longitudinal veins united by a straight cross- vein beyond the middle of the apical half of the wing, the second bent down to meet it ; third and fourth similarly united scarcel}^ beyond the middle of the wing, the fourth deeply forked, almost to the cross-vein, the lower branch abruptly curved at base. Legs short and slender, the fore and middle pair of nearly the same length, the hind pair a little longer ; all the femora and particularly the hind pair very short, not reaching the sides of the body, scarcely broader than the slightly enlarged apex of the tibiae ; tibise longer than the femora, in the hind pair twice as long and with two pairs of spines ; tarsi considerably shorter than the .tibiae, in the fore and middle legs shorter, in the hind legs longer, than the femora ; in the hind legs the first joint is slightly shorter than the third, nearly twice as long as the second, the first and second with short spines at the apex beneatli ; third joint at base half as wide as the second, enlarging in the apical half Abdo- men full, long ovate, bluntly pointed. 326 TERTfARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. This genus is the most abundantly representetl in individuals of any of the Homoptera of Florissant. It is also rich in species. In neuration it agrees very closely with Triecphora and Tomaspis, but is much slenderer than they, has a pattern of coloration (explained under the first species) peculiarly its own, while the hind tibia? have two pairs of spines, and the tarsi are apically spinous in a similar manner. The length of the terminal tarsal joint and the orbicular form of the head are also characteristic. Six species have been i-ecognized, which may be separated by the fol- lowing table : Tiibh: of the apecies of Palecphniri. Of lurge size. Fore wings more or less liistinctly spotted. Apical spots couiieeled )>y a baud horderiag the wliole apex. A distinct spot in the center of the basal half of the wing 1. P. maciilata. No spot in the center of the basal half of the wing 2. /'. palffmia. No band bordering the apes. Veins of the fore wings distinct, especially the cross-veins on the outer half of the costal bor- der; spots numerous and usually distinct 3. P. marinnei. Veins of the fore wing indistinct, the spots usually more or less obscure, only that near the end of the sutura clavi distinct. Most of the spots of the margins of the wing traceable but obscure, excepting as above. 4. P. commuuis. Most of the spots of the margiusof the wiug wholly obliterated, except as above, but the base of the costa usually infuscated 5. P. pri:n'a!en«. Of medium size. Fore wings uuicolorous 6. P. inornata. 1. Palecphoka maculata. PI. 20, Figs. 10, 17. This is the most profusely spotted of all the PalecphorjB. The head and body are uniformly dark, and the wings membranous and without markings, but the tegmina are generally very distinctly and always very abundantly marked with dark fuliginous, subequal spots on a pale ground. There is a heavy basal striga on the costal margin, thickening distally, all within the basal fifth of the wing, and accompanied by a triangular oppos- ing cloud on the scutellar margin, reaching the tip of the scutellum and leaving between it and the basal striga only a narrow, longitudinal strip of pale ground at the base of the veins ; next the opening of this, at the basal parting of the veins, is another longitudinally triangular spot ; at the middle of the wing, seated on the costal margin and on the sutura clavi but not invading the clavus, is a pair of further spots subquadrate or subtriangu- lar, their apices directed iilili(|n('h' inwnnl niid towards the apex; in the HEMIPTEIiA— HOMOPTERA— CEECOPID^. 327 same median region is another subquadrate spot in the chivus seated on the margin and generally limited interiorly by the anal vein, along which it mav send shoots in either direction ; at equal and not great distances from the apical margin is another pair of transverse subquadrangular spots close to but not fairly seated upon the costal margin and sutura clavi, which are sometimes connected by a narrow fringing band which hugs the apical margin, though this band is sometimes reduced to an apical cloud which barely reaches the spots on either side. The spots may thus be designated as basal, subbasal, median (costo-median, suturo-median, and clavo-median), subapical, and apical. The neuration of the tegmina can rarely be distin- guished except in the most general way as regards the main veins, but where the markings are most obscure, as in specimens which have some- what of a bleached appearance, the minor neuration of the apex of the wings can be discovered faintly. Length of body, ICr)-""'; of tegmina, 7.5""; breadth of thorax, 3.5"". Florissant. Ten specimens, Nos. 622, 3016, 3458, 3534, 3734, 5344, 11237, 13324, 13557, 16351. 2. Palecphora patefacta. PI. 7, Fig. 7. In this species, the only one yet found elsewhere than at Florissant, the markings of the tegmina are much the same as in P. maculata, but are somewhat reduced, and, what is more remarkable, the subbasal spot is ab- sent ; this point seems to be sufficiently clear, though the outspread teg- mina are preserved in a fragmentary manner, curiously most perfect just where the spots occur, as though the pigment bore some part in their pres- ervation No veins are visible. Length of body, 10""; of tegmina,8.5""; breadth of thorax, 3"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 1 and 143, Prof. Leslie A. Lee. 3. Palecphora marvinei. PI. 20, Figs. 11-13; PI. 21, Figs. 9, 12. This species is remarkable for the great distinctness with which ordi- narily (the considerable distinctness invariably) the complete neuration of the apical half of the wing is seen, as de.scnbed niidcr the genus. The 328 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. markings of the tegmina are usually very distinct, especially those of the inner margin, where the subapical spot is most conspicuous. Both basal spots are present, but the scutellar much reduced and often obscure ; the subbasal is always absent, as far as I have seen : of the median spots the costo-median is never present, and the suturo-median generally obscure, often removed away from the suture and frequently absent, while th<^ clavo-median is always present and generally distinct ; the subapical spot of the costal margin is never more than faintly indicated if present, and the apical marginal band invariably absent. Length of body, lO"""; of tegmina, 8"" ; breadth of thorax, 3.5°"". Named for the late Archibald Robertson Marvine, one of the active and acute geologists of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. 1683, 3090, 3801, 4256, 4431, 5761, 6484, 8743, 9158 and 9254, 12978, 13578. 4. Palecphora communis. PL 20, Figs. 3, 20, 21. This species is closely allied to the last, hardly differing from it except in the obscurity, not alwaj^s absolute, of the neuration of the tegmina, indicating a more coriaceous texture to the same. It is slightly smaller as a rule, though some specimens are as large as many of P. marvinei. The spots of the tegmina are also much the same as there, but though the lower subapical spot is sometimes the only one which is conspicuous it usually shares its distinction with all the others of the inner margin, while rarely are any of those of the costal margin seen at all, except the basal one, the costo-median being almost invariably absent and never conspicu- ous, being wrongly i-epresented as of much too deep a tint in Fig. 3 ; the subbasal spot and apical band are never present, and the suturo-median spot is never more than a faint cloud. Length of body, 9.25"""; of tegmina, 7.5°'"; breadth of thorax, 3°"°. Florissant. Thirty-four specimens, Nos. 159, 2087, 4476, 4759, 5189, 5720, 5862, 5911, 5950, 6524, 6636, 7496, 8037, 8098, 8894, 8937, 8969, 9218, 10681, 11009, 11767, 12468, 12471, 12984, 13000, 13568, 13570, 13577, 13580, 13581, 13584, 14187, and of the Princeton Collection 1.320, 1.826 and 1.830. HEMIPTEKA— HOMOPTEKA— GEKCOriD.E. 329 5, Palecphora pr^valens. PI. 20, Fig. 1 ; PI. 21, Fiff. 2. This species, by far the most coimnon of all the Homoptera of Floris- sant, is least heavily marked among- all those Palecphorge which show plainly the inferior subapical spot. This is usually present, and sometimes, though very rarely, distinct, while the other spots are almost wholly obscured or appear as clouds, except, indeed, the superior costal spot, which appears as a thickening of the base of the costa slightly enlarged distally, and is rarely absent, usually tolerably distinct, almost always slender, and the costa is sometimes a little thickened beyond the enlargement at the normal spot. The species is one of the largest in size, but only to a slight degree. Length of body, 10..5-11°""; of tegmina, 8™"; breadth of thorax, 3-3.5°'"\ Florissant. About seventy-five specimens, among which the best are Nos. 543, 829, 1364, 331.5, 5239, 6050, 6807, 7742, 8008 and 8081, 8035, 10383, 11236, 11762, 13.567, 13576, and from the Princeton Collection 1.710, 1.838. 6. Palecphora inornata. PL 20, Fig. 15. In striking contrast to the other species of Florissant Palecphorae, this species is repi'esented by a single specimen, which differs greatly from them. It is of considerably smaller size than the others (which are very uniform in this particular), and shows but the faintest trace of markings, while the whole of the tegmina is fuliginous instead of pallid, with scarcely percepti- bly darker tones at the extreme tip (not given in the figure), and at the position of the inferior subapical and eosto-median spots ; the sutura clavi is distinctly marked by a dark line. Length of body, 7.5°"" ; of tegmina, 6°"" ; breadth of thorax, 2""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 609. LTTHECPHORA gen. nov. (A/0oc, eucpopd). This genus is closely allied to Palecphora, having precisely the same neuration in the hind wings, but differing principally in the form and struct- ure of the tegmina. These are less ovate in form, the margins being almost or (piite parallel and tlie apical margin symmetrically rounded, instead of 330 TEHTIAKY INSECTS OF NUKTH AMEKICA. having the apex above the middle ; the costal margin also is much thickened, and in one species at least armed with short bristles ; though the substance of the togmina is tenuous, permitting the veins of the wings beneath them to be readily visible, at least in their lower half, the whole is minutely though feebly and distantl}' punctuate, more conspicuous on the basal than the apical half Table of the species of Lithecpkora. Costal margin of'tegmina distinctly thickened. Tegminawith the costal margin bristled and alarge pallid patchjnst beyond theuiiddle.l. L. setigera. Tegmiua with the costal margin thickened but not bristled and with no pallid patch.. a. L. diaphaiia. Costal margin of tegmina not distinctly thickened. Tegmina without costal markings 3. L.uiiicolor. Tegmina with costal markings 4. /,. miirntn, 1. LiTHECPHORA SETIGERA. PI. 20, Fig. 22. A single specimen is known, obtained by the Princeton College Expedi- tion. The wings of the right side are partly expanded, but the anterior extremit}- of the body is much broken ; the margins of the tegmina are remarkabh' parallel, the costal edge fringed with very short spinous bristles ; the apical margin is very regularly rounded, the apex falling in the middle. The body is black and the tegmina pale fuliginous, with a large roundish pallid patch on the costal margin, crossing about two-thirds of the wing, its inner boi'der at the middle of the wing. Length of body (partly estimated), 7.2.'^'"°' ; breadth of thorax, 2.75°"" ; length of tegmina, 6""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1.121, Princeton Collection. 2. LiTHECPHOEA DIAPHANA. PI. 21, Fig. 13. A single specimen is known, preserved on a dorsal view with the teg- mina and wings half expanded. The body is dai'k brown, the tegmina apparently diaphanous or almost so, at least in the lower half, for the veins of the wings show through them perfectly; the costal margin is nearly straight, but has a slight and constant convexity, so that the two margins are not quite parallel ; this same margin is much thickened, more so in the IIEMTPTEHA— HOMOPTERA— (JKK( OI'ID.E. 331 basal half than the other species, but there is lut sign ot spinous hairs, and the tegniina are more pointed at tip. Length of body, 8""" ; of tegniina, 7""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.75""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 30. 3. LiTHECPHORA UNICOLOR. PI. 21, Figs. 4, 5, 11, 14. This seems to be an abundant species, if all the specimens I have re- ferred to it belong here, but not a single one is well })i"eserved, and if cor- rectly placed it must have been an exceptionally delicate insect, 'llie most that can be said of it in distinction from the otlier species is that the tegmina are slender, fully three times as long as broad, with tolerably distinct veins throughout, the costal border slightly curved at extreme base and gradually falling to join the apical margin on the apical fourth of the wing, the apex slightly produced and perfectly symmetrical ; they show no signs of thick- ening of the costal margin and were evidently without markings. The hind tibiae appear to be longer than in the other species. Length of body, 7.25""" ; of tegmina,5"'"' ; lireadth of thorax, 2"""'. Florissant. About fifty specimens, of which the best are Nos. 1970, 5400, 11103, 12447, 13337, 14178. 4. LiTHECPHORA MURATA. PI. 21, Figs. 3, 8. This species is larger than the preceding, which it much resembles, dif- fering from it in imitating to a certain extent the markings characteristic of Palecphonie. The tegmina are slender, nearly three and a half times longer than broad, with the costal border strongly shouldered at base and scarcely declining at tip, the apex broadly and symmetrioalh' rounded and in no way produced: the venjition is very feeble and the markings, dark on a light ground, consist of a basal costal striga and two cloudy transverse streaks, only on the costa at all distinct and there obscure, dividing the wing into nearly equal thirds. All the specimens are poor. Length of body, S""'" ; of tegmina, 6.5™"" ; breadth of thorax, 2.9""". Floris.sant. Three specimens, Nos. 912, 11007, 12776. 332 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PRINECPHORA g-en. uov. {^piv, tucpopd). Allied to Palecphora, but of a still slenderer form, and in markings resembling Triecphora, than which it is far more slender. Head half as broad as the thorax, less than half as long as broad, very bluntly rounded, and in no sense angulate in front, the middle with an exceedingly slight longitudinal cai'ina. Thorax as in Palecphora, as also the scutellum, except- ing that it is equiangular. Tegmina slender, almost three times as long as broad, with nearly parallel sides, relatively straight costa and broadly rounded symmetrical apex ; clavus occupying about one-fourth of the wing, terminating in the middle of the outer half of the same ; neuration obscure but apparently with rather long apical cells Wings and neuration as in Palecphora, but the fourth longitudinal vein not quite so "deeply forked and the fork more symmetrical. Legs ver^^ imperfectly preserved in the specimens known, but apparently a little longer than in Palecphora. Abdo- men very full, tapering, the apical segments pinched. A single species is known, one of the prettiest of the Florissant Homop- tera. Prinecphora baltp:ata. PI. L'O, Fig. 14. Head and thorax finely granulated, the eyes apparently margined nar- rowly with black. Tegmina similarly but less conspicuousl}^ granulated, blackish fuliginous, deeper iu tint on the basal than on the apical half, marked with tvA'o l)road, pale, transverse bands, which are broadest on the costal margin ; the first occupies the base, crossing the entire wing, and is bounded outwardly by a curved line, angulate at the sutura clavi, which runs from about the end of the basal third of the costal margin inward ; the second, sometimes narrowly connected with the first along the costal edge, runs from the costal margin to the sutura clavi as the amalgamation of two spots : a circular one resting on the sutura, its inner edge at the center of the wing, and a triangular one, its base seated on the costal margin and its apex about the center of the circular spot. Length of body, 7.75'"""; of tegmina, 6"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5°"°. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 8886, 9198, 11774, and from the Princeton Collection, 1.604. HEMIPTEliA— HOMOPTERA— (JEliOOPlDJi;. 333 Subfamily APHROPHORIDA Stal. Very few fossils liave been referred to this group of Cercopidse, as com- pared with the other, althougli in temperate regions at the present day the Aphrophorida are in excess. Heer and others have described a number of species from th.e European Tertiaries, both in the rocks and in amber, and these have all been referred to the single genus Aphrophora. There are, however, a number of others regarded by Heer as species of Cercopis, which must certainly be referred to the Aphrophorida, if his figures are at all cor rect ; such are C. fasciata and C. pallida, probably also C. oeningensis and perhaps C. rectelinea. The same is true of Germar's C. melsena from amber. As already stated, the species from Florissant I formerly regarded as related to Ptyelus tuni out to be true Cercopida, but there nevertheless appear at this same station not only an obscure form temporarily referred to Aphro- phora, but two other forms of considerable interest, one of which appears to be a distinct type, which I have called Palaphrodes, with several species, most of them tolerably abundant; the other, a single specimen, which must be referred latitudinally to the highly specialized existing Clastoptera. PALAPHRODES gen. nov. {TraXank, a.cppa)Srf<;). Stout bodied, of oval form. Head well rounded in front, nearl}- twice as broad as long, reaching on either side posteriorly the more sloping por- tion of the front of the anteriorly angulate and rounded thorax and there- fore considerably narrower than it. Ocelli as far from each other as from the e5'es. Thorax hexangular, the lateral sides the shortest, and after that the central portion of the posterior border, which is slightly shorter than the oblique portions, the whole thorax half as broad again as long and not cari- nate. Scutellum rather small, equiangular, all the sides straight or the lateral slightly concave. Tegmina broad oval, but little more than twice as long as broad, the costal margin strongly arched, the apex rounded but more or less acuminate, the neuration much as in Aphrophora. Wings ample, well rounded, with no apical emargination, a little shorter than the tegmina; the second and third and also the fourth and fifth longitudinal veins united by straight transverse or oblique cross-veins at equal distances from the margin, at about the end of the middle third of the wing, the third and fourth by a similar vein at about the center of the wing. 334 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. This genus seeuis to tail sooiewhere oetweeu Cephisus and Averuus, but the structure of" the hind legs is not known. It was an abundant ty]>e in the Florissant basin, five species being already kuoAvn, most of them by a considerable number of examples. Tahle of the species of Pahiphrodes. Middle ol' the tegmina tniversed, at least on the costal edge, by a bhiek band ; no long baso-costal stripe. MiddU' stripe of tegmiua distinctly traversing the wing transversely withont change of breadth ; neiu'ation distinct 1. t'. cintto. Middle stripe of tegmiua not distinctly traversing the wing transversely witliont rbaugeof l)readtb: neuratiou indistinct. Middle stripe of tegmina conlioed to a spot on the costal edge and this usually somevrliat obscure 2. P. ohscnra. Middle stripe of tegmiua directed obliquely outward. Snbn.pical costal stripe of tegmiua moderately oblique and moderately broad, with irreguhir margins 'A. P. irregularis. Suhapical costal stripe of tegmiua veiy oblique, very slender, with sharply detiued straight margins 4. P. obliqua. Middle of the tegmina traversed by a pale band ; a long and broad baso-costal dark stripe. 5. P. transversa. 1. Palaphrodes cincta. PI. 20, Fig. 16; PI. 21, Fig. 15. Body uniformly dark colored, the incisures of the abdomen paler. The species is distinguished by the markings of the tegmina and the distinctness of the neuration, the latter due to its being traced in black throughout the apical half of the wing ; the ground of the tegmina is pale, perhaps diapha- nous ; the base is blackish, makfng here a large triangular patch with very irregular outer outline ; across tlie middle of the wing, separated from the basal patch by the length of the latter, is a broad, equal, straight, transverse, blackisli stripe or bar often deepest in color on the costal half or becoming fuliginous on the inner half ; its edges, and especiall}^ its upper, are tolerably straight. It is followed at an equal distance on the costal margin by a slender, oblique, black, and narrowing stripe just before the apical cells, generally running about half-way across the wing, parallel to the hind margin. Length of body, 9.5'""' ; breadth of tliorax, 3.3""" ; length of tegmina, X""" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, 5.5"". Florissant. Thirteen specimens, Nos. 208, 582, 6908, 11238, 12034, 13555, 13573, 14234, perhaps 1632, and of the Princeton Collection 1.505, 1.813 and 1.841, 1.815 and 1.839. HEMIPTEUA— UOMOPTERA— CEKOOPl D.K. 335 Specimen No. 208, tif^'iired on Piute 21, has been mislaid and was not examined at the time when this description was drawn up. 2. Palaphrodks obscura. PI. 21, Fig. 18. This species differs from the preceding, to which it is most nearly allied, mainly in the obscurity of its markings, which in general follow the position of those in P. cincta, Unfortunately the most deeply marked specimen was figured, and its color has been somewhat deepened on the plate, so that the diffei'ences do not there clearly appear ; ordinarily, however, besides the obscurity of the markings, the middle transverse stripe is also broadened, and so, as it were, diffused (not at all the case in the individual figured), and the subapical oblique stripe becomes a far broader, short, quadrate bar on the costal margin. It appears to be ordinarily a smaller species than the preceding, but one individual is nearly as large as the largest of that species. Length of body, 9.25'™' ; breadth of thorax, 3.2'"™ ; length of tegmina, T-S""*" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, 5""". Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 452, 4287, 4404, 11230, 13321, and of the Princeton Collection 1.816. 3. Palaphrodes irregularis. PI. 20, Figs. 2, 18 ; PI. 21, Figs. 0, 7. This species, with P. cincta the commonest of the genus, appears to differ from it very decidedly in the form, extent, and position of the darker markings beyond the basal ; they occupy, indeed, so much more room where they are well developed as to cover more space than the lighter j^arts, so that the tegmina might quite as well, or better, be regax'ded as dark with light markings ; the median belt occupies on the costal margin precisely the same position as in P. cincta, but in passing across the wing it immediately and considerably expands, rarely, however, without being moi-e or less broken and blotched with pale ; at the center of the wing its expansion tends to break it up into two forks, and the commissural portion is highly variable ; in general, however, the proximal fork is far more intense and distinct than the distal, leaving between it and the basal patch of the teg- mina an often well defined, constantly narrowing, transvei'se, white band, broad on the costal margin, reduced neai'ly to nothing on the inner, and 336 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. generally narrowing abruptly as the sutura clavi is crossed ; the distal fork is directed toward the tip of the sutura clavi, but is dissipated and broken into flecks before reaching it ; the subapical, slender, oblique, costal stripe is much as in P. cincta, but runs in the opposite direction and is more variable and almost always accompanied by an opposed, large, fuliginous, subquadrate, subapical cloud on the inner maigin. This appears to be one of the largest species, but is subject to consider- able variation, one of the specimens referred here being one of the smallest. Length of body, 11"""; breadth of thorax, "4""" ; length of tegmina, 8.8°"" ; breadth of closed tegmina together, 6°"". Florissant. Twelve specimens, Nos. 43, 854, 2101, 3864, 6058, 8233, 8536, 10364, 10689, 12090 and 12472, 14200, and of the Princeton Collec- tion 1.836. 4. PalAPHROBES OBLIQUA. PI. 21, Fig. 10. This species, which seems to be rare, is slenderer than the others, but related pretty closely to the last, though it has some peculiarities tending in another direction. The body is uniformly dark, and the ground of the tegmina dark with the same dark basal patch found in all the preceding species ; in this, however, the median band is not developed into two forks, as in the last species, with the proximal fork the stronger, but there is no sign of a proximal fork unless a slight general cloudiness in this direction may be looked on as a relic of the same ; the distal fork, however, is well developed, united, or almost united with, and in any case directed toward so as to involve, the subapical spot of the inner margin found also in the last species; in addition, as if in recognition of the superinduced obliquity of the median band, the subapical costal striga has become more oblique than in P. irregularis, and there is a slight, slender, transverse marginal cloud. Length of body, 10.5°""; of tegmina, 6.25"^"'; breadth of thorax, 3°"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8887, 9631. 5. Palaphrodes transversa. This species, represented by only a single specimen, differs much more widely from the others than they among themselves. It is broader oval than they, and the markings are quite differently located. The head and body are light instead of dark, with a straight, broad, transverse, dark belt HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTERA— CERCOPIDxE. 337 crossing the hinder margin of the thorax, but not involving- the pale scutellum. The tegmina are marked at base by two very broad, dark, longitudinal stripes, one following the costa for the basal two-fifths of the wing, and here bent inward half-way across the tegmina ; the other, most intense in color as soon as the scutellum is passed, and not extending so far out as the costal patch, occupies the base of the clavus ; the pale inner base of the coriuni is therefore nearly inclosed with dark Ijands; outside of these basal markings, which extend nearly to the middle of the wing, is a broad, transverse, equal, pretty sharply edged, subapical, dark band, most intense in tone on the costal half This insect differs so much from the others that I suspect it will be found necessary to separate it generically from them. Length of body, 10.5°"°; of tegmina, 7.5™°"; breadth of thorax, 3.5°"°; of closed tegmina together, 6°"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 4521. APHROPHORA Germar. Half a dozen species or more referred to this genus have been found fossil in amber, and at Oeningen, Aix, Radoboj, and at Greith, in the rocks; they have been mentioned or described by Berendt, Gravenhorst, Germar, Heer, and Giebel. The single one here added, very imperfectly known, is placed here only as the group giving its name to the subfamily. Aphrophora sp. PI. 19, Fig. 10. To Aphrophora as typical of the subfamily I refer some imperfect specimens which bear a certain general resemblance to Palecphora, but which have a rounded front to the thorax, showing that they should be brought in this division. None of them are perfect enough to enable one to draw from all a ):)roper description, for they appear to have been fragile insects. The structure of the legs appears to be as in Palecphora; the tegmina to have been delicate and semi-transparent, and to have had a large subapical costal cloud. Length of body, lO'""'; of tegmina, 8"""; breadth of thorax, 2.5""°. Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 1360, 3102, 3474, 4379, 11008, 14022. VOL xm 2'A 338 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. CLASTOPTERA Germar. It is not a little surprising to find in the Florissant shales a species of this highly specialized form. Apparently the tegmina were not so remarkably convex as in modern types, but the presence of this genus indicates once more how thoroughly the present general features of insect form and struct- ure were established even as early as in Oligocene times. It is the only fossil species known. The genus belongs to the New World, and especially to the tropics, but at least a couple of species are found on our southern Atlantic coast. Clastoptera comstocki. PI. 19, Fig. 22. The head was mostly concealed under a flake of stone when the drawing for the plate was made, since removed, showing- it to have had a front margin very regularly and very broadly convex, black like the very transverse thorax. The form of the dark, testaceous scutellum is not quite fairly given in the plate ; half as broad at base as the thorax, it is sharply and regularly triangular, almost or quite as long as tlie width of the thorax, and sharply pointed posteriorly. The tegmina are about twice as long as broad, appar- ently nearly flat (wholly flattened on the stone), less than the apical third diaphanous, the remainder semicoriaceous and testaceous, the neuration obscured and even the sutura clavi scarcely perceptible, the clavus appar- ently narrower and less broadly rounded at apex than in our living forms. Length to tip of tegmina, 2.8™"; breadth across closed tegmina, 2°"". Named for J. Henry Comstock, professor of entomology in Cornell University. Florissant, Colorado. One specimen. No. 6655.. Order HETEROPTERA. Latreille. Of the twenty families into wliieh fossil Heteroptera may be divided only five are remarkable for the abundance of their representation in the existing fauna. These ai-e the Reduviidse, Capsidfe, Lygjeidse, Coreidse, and Pentatomidaj ; and these same families are also well represented among the fossils, containino: togetlier about four-fifths of the total heteropterous fauna. Indeed, the only other family which can be regarded as at all abundant in Tertiary times is the Physapodes, the known species surpassing those of the HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA. 339 Reduviidaj. Of these six families the Lygasida^ were then the most abun- dant, containing- a httle more than 25 per cent of the whole, followed hard by the Pentatomidaj with a little less than 25 per cent; the Coreidaj come next with 15 per cent, followed at nearly similar distance by the Capsidaj with 9 per cent. The Physapodes have 7 per cent and the Rediiviidse only 4^ per cent, mainly because America is so strangely poor in this group, having indeed but a couple of species, the only groups at all common in America being the four with the highest percentages. Here the relative per- centages in the two worlds are very different, as will appear from the follow- ing table, the Lyg?eid;i3 having 33 per cent of the whole American fauna against 19 J per cent in Europe ; the Pentatomidse 24 per cent in America against 25^ per cent in Europe, these two striking contrasts combining to give the Lygseidse the total preponderance, hitherto enjoyed by the Penta- tomidse ; the Ooreidte 2'2 per cent in America against dh per cent in Europe, and the Capsidse 9 per cent in America against 10 per cent in Europe. Summary list of known fossil Heteropiera. Families. Cnrixidje Notoneotidic... NepidiB Belostomatid;e Naucoridaj Galgiilidio Saldida? Veliidai Hydrobatida) . . LimaobatidsB.. Redtiviida> Nabida) AradidsB Tingidida) Acantbiidse . . . Capsidaj Pbysapodes Lygaiidse Coreidai Pentatomida; . . North America. Genera. Species, 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 3 1 7 3 26 14 16 Total. 80 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 2 0 •0 3 1 13 3 51 34 37 154 Europe. Geuera. 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 7 2 1 4 0 13 4 6 12 14 77 Species 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 14 7 5 5 0 20 21 39 19 201 * What I formerly thought to be Aradidse tarned out to be Myodocbina. 340 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Of the other smallex' famiHes the only ones which surpass more than five known fossil species in all are the Nabiclse with seven species and the Tingididse with eight ; of these there have been found in America no Nabi- dee whatever and the smaller lialf of the Tingididaj. Other fixmilies not found in America are the Nepidte, Belostomatidse, Naucoridfe, Saldidse, Limnoba- tidae, and Aradidse, all but the Saldida^ having more than one species in Em'OjDe. On the other hand the only family found in x\inerica and not in Europe is the Acanthiidae with a single species. The remaining smaller famiHes represented on both continents vary in their numbers from one to three in America and from one to four in Europe. If, however, we omit from this enumeration tlie forms wliich have been found in amber, and thus compare those of the rocks only, as in the follow- ing table, we shall meet with somewhat different results. Table of fossil Beteroptera from rock deposits. Families. North America. Europe. Genera. Species. Genera Species. CorixidsB NotonectidaB 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 o '" 0 0 3 1 7 3 26 14 16 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 3 1 13 3 51 34 37 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 6 2 1 3 0 1 4 6 It 14 2 3 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 12 5 2 4 0 1 18 37 18 r.0 Nepidae Belostomatidse Naucoridse Hydrobatidse Limnobatidse Reduviidje Physapodes LygaeidsB Pentatomidse Total 80 154 58 162 HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEEA. 341 The principal change which may be noted here is the almost total extinction of the Capsidte in the European representation which shows but a single species ; the Saldida; and Hydrobatidaj do not appear and the Aradidse are notably reduced. The greatest contrasts between the Euro- pean and American rocks, with an almost equal total number of species,' is seen in the Capsidse, which have 8 per cent of the total fauna in America, 0.6 per cent in Europe, and the Coreidre with 22 per cent in America and 11 per cent in Europe ; these are the only cases of sti'iking contrast in wliich the American fauna is the richer; the others are the Reduviida^, 1.3 per cent for America, 7.4 per cent for Europe; the Nabidas, none for America, 3 per cent for Europe; and the Physapodes 2 per cent for America, 11 per cent for Europe. The contrasted balance of the Lygajidse and Pentatomidse is well seen, America having 33 per cent of Lyg^eidse and 24 per cent of Pentatomidse, Europe 23 per cent of the former and 31 per cent of the latter. Very little change appears in the smaller families (a relatively small number of which occur in amber) except in the entire absence of any repre- sentatives of Hydrobatidge and Saldida;, the former occurring in America. It is also surprising to see how little the larger families (with a single excep- tion) are affected by the new table, amber having but the meagerest possi- ble contribution to offer to the Pentatomidse, Coreidse, Lygseidae, and Physapodes, while the single exception noted above of the Capsidse is a startling one, amber furnishing nineteen of the twenty European Tertiary species. It may be worth while to extend some of these comparisons in a diflfer- ent direction, that of existing American faunas. There are, I believe, but three opportunities for such comparison. First, Mr. Uhler's Check-list of the North American Heteroptera (188G), wliich embraces all species known at the time, including the Mexican and West Indian ; second, the same writer's valuable List of the Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi (1876), wliich represents particularly the geographical region of our Tertiary fossil Heteroptera ; and, third, Mr. Distant's contribution to the Biologia Centi'ali Americana (1880-89), which has a decidedly more southern aspect than Uhler's general list. Distant's work has progressed only through the larger families (in reverse order to that followed here) and indeed at this writing the supplement to the first volume is not complete, and accordingly in what ' In the euuuieration of the Europeaa specie.s a considerable number of nndescribed species are intro- duced whoso presence has been merely indicated by statements qI' different naturalists. 342 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. follows I have omitted all consideration of that, to make the comparisons move equable. For the same reason, in order to use the last work at all, I liave instituted comparisons only between the families there elaborated, and have used the family groups in the same sense as there, except only that I have regarded his Pyrrhocoridre as a group of Lygseidee. These four families are indeed the very ones, and, as will be seen, the only ones which assume any importance in the American Tertiaries ; and a comparison of their interrelation as to numbers can be shown succinctly by the following table, which exhibits the relative percentage of representa- tion of each of these families in the different regions and times as represented in the published lists — the only available ones, and which may be supposed to represent, not the numbers, but the relations with tolerable accuracy : Families. American Tertiary. Uhler ; Western List. Uliler ; General List. Distant; C eutral America. 9.6 37.8 25 1 27.4 11.0 31.4 23.1 34.5 25.0 19.2 21.6 34.1 27.3 17.7 21.7 33.2 Coreidae Pentatomidse Total 99.9 100.0 99.9 99.9 The correspondence of the numbers in the last two columns is even less remarkable than the disturbance of the relative percentages of the Cap- sidse and Lygjeidaj of the western list wdien compared with those of the American and Central American forms ; the merest indication of such an overturn is shown in the comparison of the nearer American and the more distant Central American lists ; but the overturn is still more complete and in the same direction when we compare the existing and the fossil fauna of the West. The relative representation, then, of the four principal families of the Tertiary Heteroptera of the western half of our continent agrees con- spicuously better with the relative representation of the existing fauna of the same geographical region than with that of the other regions of the same world. Either the physical conditions of the region in question have remained since Oligocene times in the same relative contrast to those of the other regions under comparison, or the present Heteropterous fauna of the West shows a decided relation to that which existed on the same ground in Tertiary times, or both. HEMIPTERA— nETEROPTERA— (JORIXID.E. 343 As in the Homoptera, and for the same general reasons, it has been found imperative to estabhsh in the Heteroptera a hirge number of new generic groups to treat them on the same principles that guide the zoloogist. Characteristics of structure in antagonism to those prevalent to-day in the same groups run throughout large divisions, or even families, and must be taken into account if we are to do justice to the facts. Bringing these thus into prominence will serve the useful purpose of stimulating inquiry into their meaning and origin, which the data at present at hand seem inadequate to explain. That many of these extinct types attained a high degree of differentiation is readily seen by a glance at the tabular view at the end of the volume, where a large number of the genera will be found to have been represented by a half dozen or more species each, some of them at the time very abundant in individuals. Family CORIXID^^ Douglas and Scott. This family, which first appears in the Tertiaries,' is very poorly repre- sented there. Only two European species are known, one each from Oeningen and Stosschen. The latter species, very small and probably immature, is hardly recognizable except as a water-bug of some kind. That from Oeningen, referred like the other to the existing and wide-spread genus Corixa, is intermediate in character between the two species of Corixafrom Florissant we are able to add here. But the most interesting form which we give below is the strange insect from Florissant, unfortunately but imperfectly preserved, which seems to combine some of the cliaracters of Corixid;e and Notonectidtc, and to form the type of a new genus, probably most nearly allied to Sigara. PROSIGARA gen. nov. (Trpd, Sigara, nom. gen.). This is a very curious, robust, new form of Corixid*, which seems more nearly related to the gerontogeic Sigara tiian the almost cosmopolitan Corixa. It is, however, clearly distinguished from either in the great size of the head. [This is given, however, as much too large in the plate, where the femur of the left fore leg is confounded with it.] The head is even larger than in the 'Unless the poorly preserved insect from the white Jura of Bavaria, which Oppenheim has recently referred doubtfully to Corixa, is to be regarded as belonging here. 344 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Notonectidfe, subrotund, but eiubi-acing the thorax posteriorly as in Corixa.; it has a median sulcation. The thorax is remarkably large, broader than the head, only about twice as broad as long, well rounded, posteriorly truncate, separating off a large triangular scutellum (again like Notonecta) whose posterior sides are convex and the apex rounded ; it is only a little shorter tlian the thorax and about half as broad as it. The hemelytra are broad and well rounded, the clavus very broad, the membrane indistin- guishable from the corium, the apex well rounded, the tips of the opposite pairs overlapping as in Sigara ; the veins are numerous and divergent like the rays of a fan. The legs are long and slender, the middle pair nearly as long as the body, the tarsi biarticulate, thejoints subequal. A single species is known. Prosigara flabellum. PL 22, Fig. 12. A sinsrle specimen, showing a dorsal view. The whole body is dark gray and the hemelytra delicately mottled, through which the dusky veins, growing darker apically, make their way, and, radiating in the broader apical part of the corium, from which the membrane is indistinguishable, form the most conspicuous feature of the markings ; none of the last, however, appear in the clavus. The tarsus of the middle legs is not shown in the figure. Length of body, 6°""; breadth, 1.85"""; length of tegmina, 3.5°""; breadth, 1.4"" ; length of middle (?) leg beyond side of body, 5°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1098. CORIXA Geoffroy. As stated above, two European species of this widely distributed genus are known from the European Tertiaries, to which we are able to add two others from Florissant with well defined characteristic markings. Taile of the species of Corixa. Tegmina more than four times longer than broad ...1. C. vanduzeei Tegmina less than four times louger than broad ...2. C. immersa. 1. CORIXA VANDUZEEI. PI. 22, Fig. 17. A very pretty species of about tlie size and form of C alternata Say, but more nearly allied to C. interrupta Say, not only in markings but also HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEEA-COKIXID^. 345 in the form of the costal field. I have seen but few of our many species of this genus, but Mr. Uhler, who has seen only the figure of the present spe- cies, informs me that it shows most resemblance in markings to C. prseusta Fieb. of Europe. The thorax is dark and more or less mottled with pale, a mottling which appears to have a transverse disposition, but the condition of none of the specimens allows one to say whether it is as regularly dis- posed as on the hemelytra or not. On these the costal field is pallid with a dusky vein extending down the middle, and is very broad just beyond the base, being in the middle of the basal half equal to one-third the entire breadth of the hemelytra; beyond it narrows, and opposite the obhque termination of the corium is lightly marked with the faintly and delicately undulate narrow, dark, bands of the rest of the hemelytra ; these are some- what broader than the intervening pallid spaces, and traverse the corium and clavus alike with more or less but ordinarily not much interruption at the suture ; on the membrane these darker bands become shattered as if by a jar which has almost but not quite destroyed at once their transverse and their linear character. Length of body, 7.5""° ; of tegmina, G™" ; breadth of closed tegmina, Named for Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, a careful student of our native Hemiptera, whose assistance has been of great service in the study of the fossil forms. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 3219, 3409, 3GG5, 5178, 7269. 2. CORIXA IMMERSA. PI. 22, Fig. 16. A robust form with more obscure markings than the preceding but very similar in character. The head and thorax are dark and uniform, and the hemelytra may best be described as dark, traversed more or less distinctly, more distinctly distally than next the base, with pale, tremulous, continuous threads, which cross corium and clavus alike but are stopped by the costal field, which is slender and nearly equal throughout ; on the mem- brane the markings are shattered and present precisely the appearance they do in C. vanduzeei ; the markings bear much resemblance to those of C. hellensii Sahib, of Europe, as figured by Snellen. 346 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of body, 6""" ; of tegmina, 5™" ; breadth of closed tegmina, 2.85'"'°. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 1456, 2238, 6978. Family NOTONECTID^E Stephens. This family of water-bugs makes its first appearance in the Tertiaries, and then in very scanty numbers. But four species are known, all of them referred to the existing genus Notonecta, which has now a wide distribu- tion. The three known European fossil species have been reported respect- ively from Kutschlin, Rott, and Aix. The fourth is the species from Flor- issant, described below. ") NOTONECTA Linnd. A single small species of this genus has occurred at Florissant of a sim- ilar size as, but of a more robust form than, the species described by Deich- miiller from Kutschlin ; a second larger species has also been described by Heyden from Rott, and a third has been indicated by Hope from Aix. Existing species of the genus most abundant in temjierate regions are found nearly all over the world. Notonecta emeesoni. PI. 22, Fig. 11. A small species, of which possibly only immature individuals are at hand. The smaller showing the dorsal surface is certainly so, and the other showing the ventral surface is not clearly determinable in this respect. The description is taken mainly from the larger. It is of a very regular oval form and is apparently mature, since on one side is seen the edge of the hemelytra, or what can hardly be regarded otherwise. Fringes of combed hairs are directed obliquely backward on the sides of the abdomen, and the median forked line on its posterior portion seems to indicate the hemelytral suture of the upper surface seen through the body. The hind legs are of the usual type, terminating in a blunt point — blunter than appears in the figure, and are minutely fringed with delicate short spines. The femur, tibia, and first tarsal joint are subequal. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEEA— GALGULID^. 347 Length of body, 4.2"" ; breadth, 1.85""" ; length of hind legs, 5.35""°. The species is named for the Massachusetts geologist, Prof B. K. Emerson, of Amherst. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3857, 10729. Family GALGULID^E Westwood. The only fossil hitherto known as belonging to this family is an insect from the brown coal of Rott, described by Heyden as a mite under the name Limnochares antiquus, but shown by Bertkau to be a galgulid, and probably only a larval skin of one at that. Bertkau also regards the Flor- issant fossil, described above as a Thysanuran under the generic name Planocephalus, as a very similar creature and probably a larval galgulid, but in this I can not follow him ; nor are any other Galgulidte known among the mass of insects found at Florissant. In the similar beds at Green River, however, a single insect is preserved (all but the abdomen) which seems to present characters which show it to be the nearest related to Pelogonus, which, however, I know only from description and the figure of Dufour The present species is very remarkable for several points : the form of the head, the absence of any sign of eyes on the upper surface of the same (darker patches at the outer limits of the head probably indicate their exist- ence at this point beneath), the flattened body, and the long, rod-like legs, the front pair longer and larger than the others, but quite similar in char- acter (except for lacking a tarsal joint) and in no way raptorial. It shows certain resemblances to Aphelocheirus, but on the whole seems rather a member of this family than of the Naucoridse. NECYGONUS gen. nov. {vdnv?, yovrj). Body broad oval, apparently much flattened. Head subsemicircular, more than twice as broad as long, the front border strongly and uniformly rounded, hind border truncate, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes ap- parently wholly inferior, situated at the posterior outer angles. Rostrum long, lancet-shaped, not very sharply pointed, the last joint about a fourth of the total length. Antennas long and slender, considerably longer than the width of the body, the last joint nearly as long as the tarsi. "AH the legs long, slender, rod-like, similar, the femora nowhere swollen but twice 348 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. as broad as their tibise, which equal or surpass them in length, the fore femora considerably longer than tlie middle pair ; all the tarsi equal, but the fore tarsi two-jointed, the others three-jointed, the joints of each sub- equal. This genus differs markedly from Pelogonus, to which it appears to be the most nearly allied, in the great length of the fore legs, which seem to show a relationship to the Naucoridoe, though they are in no sense rajJtorial. It is also peculiar for the want of eyes upon the upper surface of the head. The legs are smooth. A single species is known. Necygonus rotundatus. PI. 7, Fig. 8. Although the abdomen is wanting, the form of the anterior part of the body, witli the anterior position of the legs, would indicate that the creature was of a short oval form, very likely twice as long as broad. The flat body, both head and thorax, are of a slightly granular texture, and of a dusky color, uniform for body and legs, except that the head is slightly darker than the rest. Breadth of body, 3.5"°"; head, 2.5°"°; length of head, l"""; rostrum, 2.6""; antennae (as far as preserved, detached from the body), 4™"'; fore femora, 3.25"™; tibiae, 3.75""; tarsi,!""; middle femora, 2.75""; tibiae, 2.65"" ; tarsi, 0.9"" ; hind tarsi, 1.2"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 107, Dr. A. S. Packard. Family VKL^WDJE Douglas and Scott. Westwood states that species allied to Velia occur in the Secondary rocks of England, but there is no figure of them, and this is the only men- tion of their occurrence before the Tertiaries. Similarly their only mention in the later series is by Serres, who says that at Aix a species of " Gerris' occurs which he compares to Velia currens. In our own Tertiaries two species have occurred, at Florissant, each ajjparently belonging to a dis- tinct and extinct genus ; these I have called Palaeovelia and Stenovelia. Table of the. genera of Veliidw. Hiud tibifB and first tarsal joint armed at tip with long spines 1. Palaovelia. Hind tibiiB and first tars.al joint not armed at tip with long spines - 2. Stenovelia. HEMIPTERA— I1ETEROPTERA-VELI1D.E. 349 1. PAL^OVELIA gen. nov. {TraXato?, Velia, nom. gen.). Head much as in Microvelia, small, subtriang-ular, with rounded angles, a little broader than long, plunged to the eyes in the roundly emarginate prothorax, and continuing the curve of its rapidly narrowing sides, the part in front of the eyes a little shorter than they. Thorax pentagonal, the sides subequal, the lateral faces straight, the front concave, the posterior faces still more concave but a little shorter than the others, the median posterior process not reaching far back, rather acute. Body widest at the posterior sides of the thorax, the abdomen tapering but little, in its posterior third roundly narrowing, terminating in a bifid plate, the posterior part of the abdomen bluntly conical, and the entire body having a long ovate shape. Hind legs very short, only reaching the tip of the abdomen, the femora and tibije of nearly equal length, the tarsi longer than either, the tibije and first tarsal joint both armed at the tip with prominent delicate spines, the tarsi three-jointed. A single species is known. Pal.s;ovelia spinosa. PI. 22, Fig. 13. The single specimen appears to be seen on the ventral surface only, showing a pale gray abdomen, while all the other parts are black; the thorax and base of abdomen are clothed not very densely with exceedingly fine, short, dark hairs directed laterally outward, while beyond, an obscure dottinsT on the abdomen would seem to indicate similar but erect hairs. The legs are pretty thickly beset with fine, stiff hairs, the apical spines of the tibia and first tarsal joint about as long as the width of the joint, the tibise also with an apical or preapical spur fully twice as long. Length of body, 3.65'""'; breadth, LSS-"-" ; length of hind femur, O.S-"-" ; tibia, 0.8""" ; tarsi, 1.2""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 13325. 2. STENOVELIA gen. nov. (gt£v6';,'^ Velia, nom. gen.) Body robust, blunt oval. Head narrow but not very small, rounded subquadrate, about half as large as the pronotum, but rather longer than it, the ' The name is given in allusion to the confined surroundings of this genus of Veliid», not to any slenderness of form . 350 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, moderately large eyes at the very base. Antennfe four-jointed, about reach- ing- to the base of the middle legs, the joints of nearly equal length, l>ut the first and fourth a little the longest and the second shortest, the first cylin- drical and moderately stout, the last oval, the others obovate and a little slenderer. Pronotum faintly set off from the rest of the thorax as a trans- verse piece more than twice as broad as long, the thorax as a whole pentag- onal, the posterior border being subangulate and the posterior sides of the pentagon only slightly oblique ; front margin straight and longer than any of the others, though the thorax narrows forward rather rapidly. Legs short and stout, the fore legs about half as long as the others, tlie hind pair the longest, though the luiddle and hind femora are subequal ; the hind tibiae longer than the middle tibiae or than the femora, while the femora and tibiae are equal in the fore and middle legs, or the tibia is only slightly longer than the femur in the middle legs ; tarsi three-jointed, the joints tolerably long, the last a little shorter than the others Abdomen oval, well rounded, the last two joints sometimes produced. No trace of wings. A single species is known. Stenovelia nigra. PI. 22, Figs. 8, 14. Whole body uniformly dead black; the pigment in some cases has broken in flakes from tlie legs, especially the middle and hinder jjairs, giving them a mottled appearance which is purely accidental. The whole body, including the legs, uniformly smooth, with no trace of hairs or spines. Length of body, S.TS-""; breadth, 1.65""™; length of antennse., LI™"; fore femora, 0.75™-"; tibijs, 0.75"""; tarsi, O.SS""""; middle femora, 1.2°""; tibiae, 1.3""""; tarsi, 0.8'°"'; hind femora, 1.2°^"; tibiae, 1.4°"°; tarsi, O.S""". Florissant. Twenty-three specimens, Nos. 875, 878, 1934, 2936, 3020, 3268, 3866, 6497, 7565, 9243, 9499, 9563, 9589, 10344, 10691, 10787, 10945, 12074, 12098, 12099, 12936, 14025, 14981. Family HYDROBATID.^ Stal. This family was perhaps known in Mesozoic times. Oppenheim, indeed, figures two species which he refers to ;\ new genus Halometra, sup- posed to belong here, but which E>eichmuller has shown should be referred to the Acridii, among Orthoptera. Perhaps here, however, belong unfigured and undescribed forms from the English rocks referred by Westwood to HEMIPTEEA— HETEEOPTERA— HTDROBATIDiE. 351 • Hydrometra In the European Tertiaries Germar figures two insects he regards as immature and as belonging to Hydrometra or Halobates, or both, and which also appear to belong to this famil3\ Burmeister further says that Serres mentions a "characteristic Hydrometra" from Aix, but as a comparison will show, he has evidently written Hydrometra for Ploiaria, and that is quite another insect. In our own country we have a couple of species from Wyoming and British Columbia belonging to an extinct genus, Telmatrechus, described below, related to Hygrotrechus, found in the North Temperate zone of both worlds ; and a species of Metrobates, a • genus peculiar to eastern North America. TELMATRECHUS gen. nov. {riXfia, rpt'xco). This genus is closely allied to Hygrotrechus Stal, and, combining as it does many of the features of this genus and Limnotrechus Stal, may well have been the lineal predecessor of both. The antenna? have the first joint only a little longer than the second. The eyes are not at all prominent. The thorax is relatively shorter than in Hygrotrechus. The legs are very long, the tibiffi of each pair of legs about as long as the femora of the same legs, an equality which I have not found in any other genera of Hydro- batidte ; in the fore legs the equality is perfect ; in the middle legs the tibise are slightly longer, in the hind legs slightly shorter, than the femora ; the hind femora are slightly longer than the middle pair ; so far as can be told from the imperfect remains the tarsi of the middle and hind legs are very much shorter than, not a half or probably a third the length of, their respective tibiae. The posterior lateral edges of the sixth abdominal seg- ment are produced to a tooth precisely as in Limnoti-echus. Two species are found in the western Tertiaries. Table of the species of Telmatrechus. Body stont, with almost regnlarly tapering abdomen 1. T. stali. Body slender, with nearly equal abdomen, tapering distinctly only at the extremity. ..2. T. parallelus. 1. Telmatrechus stall PI.- 2, Figs. 11, 12. Hygrotrechus stali Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 183-184B (1879). The thorax seems to be shorter than in Hygrotrechus, with the limits of the prosternum more visibly marked from above ; the eyes do not ap- pear to be so prominent, and the first antennal joint would seem, from the 352 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. • position of the others, to be shorter than in Hygrotrechus. The insect is of about the same size as our H. remigis (Say). The head, as seen on a side view, is small and rounded ; thorax minutely scabrous like the head, nar- rowing rather rapidly and uniformly, the posterior limit of the prosternum marked by a slight depression next the antei-ior coxae, the whole thorax con- siderably longer than broad. Abdomen tapering, the apical angles of the sixth segment produced to a sharp Init short spine, reaching the middle of the succeeding segment. Antenna^ nearly (perhaps quite) as long as the 'head and thorax together. Fore femora equal, stout, as long as the thorax; fore tibiaB of the same length ; middle and hind legs very slender ; middle femora considerably more than twice as long as the fore femora, the tibiaj nearly three times as long as the fore tibiae and of the same length as the hind femora ; hind tibiae a little more than twice as long as the fore femora ; first joint of hind tarsi about one-fifth the length of the hind tibia. On one of the specimens, preserved on a dorsal view, a line is seen proceeding from either side of the thorax, directly in front of the middle coxae, and passing toward and nearly to the middle of the hinder edge of the second abdom- inal segment with some distinctness, accompanied on the second and third segments by other lines which seem to indicate the veins of the tegmina, the first mentioned line being the sutura clavi ; but all trace of lines is lost beyond the third segment, as if the wings did not extend over more than half the abdomen ; on the specimen preserved on a side view, they appear to extend to the hind edge of the sixth abdominal segment. Attached to the posterior extremity of the abdomen is a pair of stout lappets, nearly straight, but curving slightly outward, equal, about twice as long as broad, rounded and very slightly produced at the tip. In a specimen (No. 70) which I have considered an immature indi- vidual of this species, but which may possibly be a Metrobates, the middle and third femora are of equal length. Length of body, 19.75™""; of. head, 1.5""°; of thorax, 5°"°; breadth of anterior extremity of thorax, 1 75'°" ; of posterior extremity, 3.5'"™ ; of sixth abdominal segment, 2""" ; length of fore femora, 5""" ; of fore tibiae, 5'""' ; of middle femora, 12.5""°; of middle tibiae, 14""°; of hind femora, 14""°; of hind tibiae, 11.5""'; of first joint hind tarsi, 2.3'°"; of abdominal lappets, 1.3"" ; breadth of hind femora, 0.35™" ; of hind tibia, 0.2"" ; of hind tarsi, 0.15"". HEMIPTERA— HETEEOPTERA— HYDROBATID^. 353 I name this interesting species after my lamented friend, Dr. C. Stal, of Stockholm, whose m irvelous industry and keen insight into the structure of Hemiptera is known to all entomologists. Three miles up the north fork of the Similkameen River, British Columbia. Three specimens, Nos. 70, 71 and 72, 73. Geological Survey of Canada, G. M. Daw^son, collector. 2. Telmatrechus parallelus. PI. 4, Fig. 1. Two specimens are at hand, neither of them quite perfect. The species diifers markedly from the preceding (with which it agrees in size) in the almost perfectly parallel sides of the abdomen, which is of the same width as the thorax ; it tapers only on the last two segments. The head as seen on a side view is perhaps shorter than in T. stali, and very much smaller than the thorax ; as there, both it and the thorax are minutely scabrous. The whole body is of a tolerably uniform dark testaceous color, and the segments of the middle of the abdomen are about equally long and broad, while in T. stali they are nearly twice as broad as long. Length of body, 20"""; breadth of thorax, 2.75"'™; of sixth abdominal segment, 2.25"'™ ; length of fore femora, .5-5.5™"' ; fore tibia?, 5-5.5™™ ; mid- dle femora, 11-13"'™; hind femora, 13-15™"'. Twin Creek, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 14601, 15076. METROBATES Uhler. A single species of this genus is known, inhabiting the eastern United States. A much larger and somewhat slenderer form appearing to belong here occurs in the Florissant beds. It was provisionally referred by me to Halobates before Metrobates was known to me autoptically. MeTROBATES yETERNALIS. PL 22, Fig. 15. Body considerably elongated, but solely by the prolongation of the mesonotum, which is about twice as long as broad, thus separating at con- siderable distance the fore an.d aftei' legs ; the abdomen is no longer than VOL XIII 23 354 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. the width of the thorax and tapers rapidly to a point ; the wings are slender, puprt'f'orni, ovate pads having a subbasal circular macula, a central, longi- tudinal costal striga, and just beyond it a strongly oblique, subtriangular, costal patch, all pallid on a blackish ground ; these do not cle;irly appear on all specimens. The head is not well preserved on ain- specimen. The legs are very delicately covered with short and exceedingl)' fine recumbent hairs, and fringed beneath with an almost equally delicate series of short distant spinules. Length of body, 7"""; breadth, 1.75°™; length of fore femora, 2"""; tibia?, 1.6"™; tarsi, 1.1"""; middle femora, 4.26-6'"'"; tibia?, 4 3"'"; tarsi, 2+-» ; hind femora, 3.5-5.5""' ; tibia^, 4"". Florissant. Three specimens, of which one is immature, Nos. 5525, 10723, 12782. Family REDUVIID^E Stephens. This family, to which so considerable a share of our north temperate bugs belongs, is represented in the European Tertiaries by a number of species and genera belonging to no less than five different subfamilies. All the genera are modern types. The Reduviina are the more common, Hai-pactor having six species at Oeningen and Radoboj, Evagoras one at Oeningen, while species of Reduvius (in a broad sense) are mentioned as occurring at Aix and in amber ; the Piratina are represented by a Pirates at Radoboj ; the Acanthaspidina by a Platymeris in amber ; the Stenopo- dina by two species of Stenopoda at Oeningen, and the Ploeariina by a Ploiaria said to occur at Aix. . Curiousl}' enough, the family is very meagerly displayed at present in the American Tertiaries. At my first examination many species were placed here provisionally which a closer study showed to belong elsewhere; and even the " Reduvius" described from the Green River beds belongs, as I have elsewhere shown, rather to the Corizida. There remain only a couple of forms at Florissant, each known only by a single specimen, to represent this great family. One belongs to the Acanthaspidina, but shows no affinity to the single member of this group known from amber, the other to the Saicina, and both must be referred to extinct genera, in direct and complete opposition to the European Tertiary Reduviida? as we know them to-day. IIEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— KEUUV^IID.E. 355 Subfamily ACANTHASPIDINA Stal. The only species liitlierto found fossil in this subfamily group is one desci'ibed many years ago as a Platymeris by Germar, and was found in Prussian amber. The one given below is the first from the rocks. EOTHES gen. nov. {7J(i9i). A genus of Acanthaspidina of unusually slender form. Head only a little longer than broad, the eyes of moderate size and prominent, the part in front of them about twice as long as the postocular part, the front truncate and slightly emarginate ; ocelli large, situated opposite the hinder edge of the eyes, separated only by their own diameter or slightly more than that. Antenna? apparently seated on small prominences somewhat in advance of the eyes, the prominences with a small exterior spine ; first joint longest, longer than the width of the thorax, second and thii-d joints subequal, and a little slenderer and shorter than the scarcely incrassated terminal joint, the whole nearly two-thirds as long as the body. Thorax as a whole cuneiform, tapering forward regularly but not strongly, the sides almost straight, the tapering portion scarcely shorter than its breadth, unarmed ; scutellum very tapering, pointed, but hardly produced into a spine. Legs long and slender, wholly unarmed, similar in form to tliose of Opsicoetus, the first hind tarsal joinr, nearly twice as long as the second and third together. Hemelytra slender, with no pi'ominent veins, the corium elon- gated externally, the membranal suture very oblique and sinuous. Apparently nearest to Opsicoetus King, this genus difi'ers from it in its nuich slenderer form, the want of a strongly constricted neck, and the stoutness of the terminal joints of the antennae ; the structure of the tarsi is also peculiar. A single species is known. EoTHES ELEGANS. PI. I'G, Fig. 5. The whole body is dark, but is marked laterally by a black stripe which follows the outer margin of the thorax viewed from above, from the base of the hemelytra forward, and appears to cross also the head, follow- ing the inner margin of the eye and terminating on the front, the whole tolerably straight and continuous, with a slight angle in passing from the 356 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. thorax to the head ; besides this the disk of the thorax is (hirker, leaving of a lighter color nearly the whole anterior lobe and the outer posterior angles within the black stripe, and the whole thorax is rather distantly and heavily punctate with black; the scutellum is also light colored, narrowly margined with blackish on all sides, but heavily in the lateral angles. The hemelytra have thecorium dusky and the membrane fuliginous, the former with the veins jjunctate in black. Legs pale and uniform, except that the tips of the tibije and the tarsi are dusk}-; these are also clothed with exces- sively fine hairs. Length of body, 10.15""°; breadth of thorax in front, 1.08"""; at great- est, 1.75™"; of abdomen, 2.25"""; length of antenna?, 5.6"™; their apical joint, 1.55""™; fore femora, 2.65™™; middle femora, 2.75™™; hind femora, 3.4™™; hind tibia;, 4.45™"; tarsi, 1.45™™; first tarsal joint, 0.9™™. Florissant. One specimen, No. 12469. Stibfamily SAICINA St^l. The species described below is the only one of this subfamily which has ever been recognized in a fossil state. TAGALODES gen. nov. (Tagalis, nom. gen.). Body elongated, of nearly uniform width. Head, including the eyes, considerably broader than long, advanced considerably and rather broadly in front of the eves ; no ocelli ; rostrum considerably longer than the head, the basal joint longer than the two subequal apical joints. Tliorax rapidly tapering in front, the head separated from it by a short constricted neck, broadest posteriorly and slightly broader than the abdomen, and here angu- late, the angle not produced laterally as a spine ; scutellum triangular, of about equal length and bi'eadth, the posterior angle more acute than the others b\' the slight emargination of the sides, but not produced into a spine nor even pointed. Legs long and slender, unarmed, the femora and tibipe of nearly equal length, those of the hind legs much longer than the others, all the tarsi very short, very slender, cylindrical, armed witli a pair of claws. A single species is known. Allied to Tagalis Stal, from which it differs in tlie relative brevity of the thorax and the absence of any median constriction, the simple angular posterior termination of the scutellum, the absence of spinulation on the fore HEMIPTKRA— HETEROPTBRA— TINGIDID-E. 357 femora, and the c}liiuli-ical cliaracter of the tarsal joints. Tagalis is known to me only by Stal's description. Tagalodes inermis. PI. 26, Fig. 15. A single specimen Is preserved, seen on a dorsal view with the wings of one side lost, of the other partially expanded. The head and thorax are very dark and uniform, the hemelytra with the corium, like the abdomen, dark testaceous, the membrane pale fuliginous ; the veins of the membrane show a pair of very elongated parallel loops running more than half way to the margin, the upper the broader and more distinct (tlie lower not shown on the plate). Lateral edges of the scutellum slightly marginate, the scutellum itself with faint transverse sulcations ; surface of the thorax slightly and broadly rugulose. Legs pale testaceous, the femora duskier toward the apex. Length of body, 11.75'"'"; breadth, 3.1™™; length of liemelytra, 7'"'"; middle femora, 4™'" ; tibias, 4""" ; tarsi, l'""' ; hind tibiae, 5.8™". Florissant. One specimen. No. 2696. Family TINGIDID^E Fieber. Nearly all the principal European Tertiary deposits have furnished a single, but only a single, species of this fixmily of delicate Hemi^jtera. That at Aix is only known as yet by Serres's reference to a species of Tingis, which he compares to T, cardui, now placed in Phyllontocheila. Novak figures a species of Monantliia from Krottensee, Heer a very obscure Tingis from Radoboj, and a species from Oeningen, well marked with long antennye, in one place as a Tingis, in another as a Monantliia, which is more correctly referable to the latter ; but what is of greater interest is an amber species referred to Tingis by Germar which belongs to the genus Eotingis estab- lished below for a Florissant species, with exceptionally long antennae. A species of Monanthia also occurs at Florissant, apparently nearly related to the Oeningen form but with stouter antenna3, and an obscure form from the same locality is probably referable to Piesma. PIESMA St. Fargeau and Serville. No fossils have heretofore been referred to this genus., which forms a group apart among the Tingidlde, and wliich is better known in the Old 358 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. World (Europe and Africa) than in the New, but a single specimen from Florissant seems to be referable here better than elsewhere. PlESMA? ROTUNDA. PI. 23, Fig. 6. A single insect, poorly preserved, and showing a dorsal view is dubi- ously referred here ; if correctly, then the extreme convexity of the costal area of the hemelytra is characteristic of the species, as I find no modern type with so rotund a form. The head projects considerably in front of the eyes in two parallel processes nearl}^ as long as the rest of the head ; the head is only a little narrower than the quadrangular thorax, which is nearly a third broader than long and tapers slightly foi'ward. The abdomen is subcircular. The legs and head appendages are not preserved, but the hemelytra slightly surpass the abdomen, and the membrane, whicli occu- pies about a third of them, is filled with very faint and very large cells, through the meshes of which three or four oblique veins pass to the margin ; the costal margin is followed inunediately by a slight vein connected with the costa by feeble cross-veins, making subquadrate cells. Length of bod}^ 3.5"'™ ; including hemelytra, 3.75™"'; breadth of thorax, l""'; abdomen, 1.65'"°'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 7617. MONANTHIA St. Fargeau and Serville. As stated under the family, two species of this genus have been found in the European Tertiaries, one at Oeningen and the other at Krottensee, and were so referred by their describers. They differ considerably from one another, and the species we add here differs as much from each as they from each other. The characteristic featuVes of the Oening-en soecies are the O J. long antenniB, which are as long as the width of the closed hemelytra, and tlie very narrow head; of the Krottensee species (which seems to ap- proach M. quadrimaculata Wolff sp. and M. wolffii Fieb.. both of Europe; see the figures by Snellen), the sinuous costal margin of the hemelytra and the sinuous nan-owing of the thorax ; and of the Florissant species the at first biseriate, afterwards triseriate, ari-angement of the reticulation of the costal area, and the tumid form of the regularly tapering thorax combined with the broad head. HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTEEA— TINGIDID.^. 359 MONANTHIA VETERNA. PI. 23, Figs. 5, 9. Body nnifornily dtirk, tlie liead and thorax witli much the same form as Eotingis, tlie tliorax being hirgest just in advance of the rounded base and tapering forward, the head included, giving it much the form of a Xya among Orthoptera ; as in Eotingis, there are no lateral vesicles ; the abdomen is ovate and broader than tlie thorax. Antennae nearly as long as the width of the abdomen, or slightly shorter than the head and thorax together ; first two joints similar and stout, the first a little longer than broad, the second of equal length and breadth, the third slender and elongated, nearl}- as long as the thorax, the fourth clavate, as long as the first two together, but not quite so stout as they and as naked as the rest of the antenna. Legs rather short and stout, the hind femora just reaching the edge of tlie hemelytra. These extend somewhat beyond the abdomen and are somewhat coarsely reticulate, biseriately arranged on the basal half of the costal area, triseri- ately beyond. Length of body, 2.7-3'""" ; breadth of thorax, 1"'"' ; abdomen, 1.2-1.4"""; length of antenna}, L15""". Florissant. Six specimens, Nos. 2349, 3881, 4387, 6787, 7819, 9672. EOTINGLS gen. nov. (vfo?, Tingis, nom. gen.). Head triangular, about equally long and broad ; antennju of excessive length, almost as long as the body and very slender, the great length largely due to the prolongation of the middle joints, the last joint very deli- cately enlarged so as to be faintly clavate, tlie club very long and slender. The pronotum is short, narrowest in front whei'e it equals the head, truncate botli at base and apex. Thorax tapering forward witli no vesicular enlarge- ments. Abdomen oval. Legs very long and slender, all tlie femora ot nearly equal length, the tibia^ of similar length, tlie whole leg nearly as long as the tegmina. These are broad and very long, extending well beyond the body, irregularly and more or less finely and uniformly reticulate thi-ough- out, the broad costal area as irregular as elsewhere. The genus perhaps falls in the neighborliood of Gargaphia Stal. Two species are known, one found in Prussian amber, E. (|uinquecari- nata Germ, sp., with carinate and regularly tapering pronotum and the cos- 360 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. tal area of the hemelytra of uniform width ; and the species described below from Florissant with smooth and tumid pronotum and the costal area of the hemelytra enlarging apically. They differ also in the length of the last antennal joint. EOTINGIS ANTENNATA. PI, 23, Pigs. 1, 3. Two specimens, both figured, were all that were seen of this species when it was described ; one shows a dorsal view, the other lies more upon its side ; of the former the median projection in front of the head, shown upon the plate, is a mistake, and the two appendages can not be regarded as antennae, a portion of one of which crosses the right fore femur ; the right- hand apparent appendage of the head is probably the rostrum, but its apparent distal half is a mere discoloration of the stone at a different level; the left hand one is probably the left fore femur, a broken fragment of which or of a tibia appears as if attached below to the pronotum. The color appears to be uniformly dark, the legs perhaps a little paler. The last antennal joint is as long as the elongated middle joints, but it enlarges grad- ually toward the tip, and then, at a distance from the tip of twice its breadth, suddenly diminishes and is rounded off. The prothorax is largest a little behind the middle, and tapers considerably in front, being tumid whether viewed laterally or from above, but especially the former ; it is well rounded posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, and smooth. The hemelytra extend far beyond the abdomen, and are filled with an entirely irregular reticulation, in which the meshes are approximately of the same size and of about the diameter of the antennal club ; the longitudinal vein delimiting the costal area runs parallel to and distant from the costal margin in the basal half of the hemelytra, and then diverges gradually from it in a graceful curve. Length of body, 3.65"""; including tegmina, 4.5'"""; of tegraina, 3.75°"°; breadth of thorax, 1.1°"°; length of antennae, 3.75"°' ; hind femora, 1.25"'°'. . Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2698, 4365, 5596, 10763. Family ACANTHIID^^ Leaeh. The only fossil that has ever been referred to this limited group is the one described below. HBMIPTEKA— HETEROPTERA-CAPSID.E. 361 LYCTOCORIS Hahn. This genus, found in tlie north temperate regions of both the Old and New Worlds, but more abundant in the latter, has not before been found fossil. The single species from the Green River beds which we place here was formerly referred, doubtfully, to Rhyparochromus. Lyctocoris terreus. PI. 7, Fig. 20. Rhyparochromus? terreus Sciidd., Bull. U. S. (leol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 770-771 (1878). A single poor specimen apparently belongs to this subfamily, but is too imperfect to locate witli any precision. The body is of nearly equal width, but with a full abdomen. The head is broken, but is as broad at base as the tip of the thorax, has a rounded-angular front, and its surface most minutel}^ punctulate. The thorax was broadest behind, the sides tapering slightly, and gently convex, the front border broadly and shallowly con- cave, the hind border straight, more tlian twice as broad as the median length, the surface, like that of the head, with faint distant punctures. Scutellum rather small, triangular, pointed, of equal length and breadth, about as long as the thorax, its surface like that of the thorax, but with more distinct punctures. Abdomen full, well rounded, and very regular. Teg- mina obscure (but perhaps extending only a little beyond the scutellum). Length of body, 4""'"; of head, 0.6™™; of thorax, 0.6"""°; of scutellum, 0.7"™; breadth of head, 1.1™'"; of thorax, 1.5™'"; of abdomen, 2.1™™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4192. Family C APSIDES Westwood. With the exception of a Miris, reported over half a century ago from Aix and never yet described, all the European fossils of this group known up to the present time are from amber. Thus Gravenhorst long- ago referred half a dozen species from amber to Miris and Capsus, and Germar later described as many as thirteen species of Phytocoris from the same deposits. These genera were then used in a far broader sense than now, and the figures of Germar show at once that several genera are to be found among 362 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. them. If we were to b.ase our judgment on the comparisons with the mod- ern species which Gravenhorst and Germar in nearly every case instituted, we should reach the conclusion that tlie Capsina alone had been found, and that no less than half the divisions which Reuter founded in this subfamily were present and a larye number of genera. Thus of the Plagiognatharia we have Harpocera ; of the Oncotylaria, Hoplomachus (two species) and Oncotylus ; of the Cyllocoraria, ^torhinus and Systellonotus ; of the Cap- saria, Capsus, Orthops, and Lygus ; of the Piiytocoraria, Homodemus, Dichrooscytus, and Phytocoris ; and of the Loparia, Lopus ; in all a dozen genera, and there is at least one other among those species figured by Ger- mar which were unaccompanied by comparisons with modern types. In America we have four of these divisions represented, viz : Cylloco- raria b}' Closterocoris ; Capsaria by Capsus (two species) and Poecilocap- sus (five species); Phytocoraria by Aporema; and Loparia by Hadronema; while Bryocoraria, not recognized in amber, is represented by two species of Carmelus and one of Fuscus. All of these come from Florissant. It thus appears that we may recognize among the fossils every one of the divisions instituted in the family by Reuter that have any considerable present development of species, excepting only the Miraria, and to covei- the possibilities of this also there are two species of Miris not referred to mod- ern genera, one mentioned by Gravenhorst from amber and one b^' Curtis at Aix. It may also be noticed that the assemblage of fossil forms shows as a whole a leaning toward American types, more noticeable, however, among the American than the European forms, the more striking being in the development of the Loparia and Bryocoraria. Not too much stress, however, should here be placed upon these considerations, as a reexamina- tion of the amber types is necessary before certain conclusions can be drawn, and the aflinities of several of the Florissant forms is vague at the best. CLOSTEROCORIS Uhler. ^ A single species exists in a living state in our western Territories, with which a single striking and not uncommon Florissant species agrees well in structure but from which it differs considerably in markings. The ter- minal joints of the fossil species appear to be relatively longer and the sec- ond joint relatively shorter than in the existing type. HEMirTERA— EETEKOPTERA— CAPSID^. 363 Closterocoris elegans. PI. 24, Fig. 7. Head siibqnadrate, light colored, with a black i)atch posteriorly next the eyes. Antenna'; with the first joint black, as long- as the thorax, stouter than the tibia?, the remaining joints blackish fuscous, the apical paler, sec- ond joint half as long as the hemelvtra, third a little longer than the fourth, and with it nearly as long as the first two, the whole as long as thorax and hemelytra combined. Thorax more tumid at the base than in our living C. ornatus, but otherwise of the same shape, the base slightly more than twice as broad as the apex, pale, witli a median and on each side a lateral, broad, deep black stripe, broadening posteriorly ; scutellum pale, except for a broad, duskv transverse band at base. Hemelytra pale, except a slen- der, deep black, costal stripe extending the whole length of the corium, and a dark fuscous belt which occupies the whole clavus and, as that of one side unites with the other, follows down the inner margin of the hemel3tra, fnding out on the more or less but generally slightly infumated membrane, the membranal suture sometimes heavily infumated or infuscated. Legs pale fuscous, the tips of the hind femora and to a less extent the bases of the hind tibia?, broadly and heavily obscured, as are also to a less depth all the tarsi and the tips of the tibife. Length of body and closed hemelytra, 7.25""" ; breadth of thorax at base, 2.4™™; length of antenna?, 9.7™"'; first joint, l.o™" ; second joint, 3.5™™; third joint, 2.5™™; fourth joint, 2.2™™; hemelytra, 6.75™™; hind femora, 3.65™™; tibia?, 4.85"™; tarsi, 1.15™™. Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2181, 2533, 4288 and 4369, 8864, 12979, 12981, 14202, 16419. CARMELUS Distant. The two species from Florissant described below agree so well in gen- eral featui-es with the two species of this genus from Panama figured jjy Distant, and especially with C. parvus, that I place them here, though they do not agree with his descriptions as regards the antenna', the second joint being relatively longer than he describes it, though no longer than given in both his figures. They are certainly not far removed from Phytocoris involutus Germ, from amber. Table of the species of Carmelus. Thorax tapering regularly with straight (>l)li(ine sides 1. C. gravatiiK Thorax more or less tumid, the tiiimriiig sides distinctly couves 2. C. sepositus. 364 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOKTH AMEKICA. 1. Carmelus gravatus. PI. 24, Fig. 10. Body ver)'- regularly oval, the hinder extremity the broader. Head triangularly but rather broadly produced in front of the eyes ; first joint of antennte a little shorter than the head, second about two and a half times as long as the first, the succeeding together as long as the second. Thorax uniform fuscous, darker or lighter in tone, the surface smooth, the base about two and a half times broader than the apex, the apex roundly and weakly emarginate, the base gently and regularly convex, the sides oblique and straight. Scutellum dark, tlie lateral edges transversely pectinate. Hemelytra uniformly dusky except for a deeper tint at the outer extremi- ties of the clavus and cuneus. Length, S""™ ; breadth, 2.25""°'. Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 3669, 5300, 6220, 10418, 11230, 12457, 12475, 14208. 2. Carmelus sepositus. PI. M, Fig. 6. Body ovate, larger at the anterior than at the posterior end or of equal size. Head scarcely advanced in front of the eyes, broadly rounded ; first joint of antennae about as long as the head, the second about two and a half times longer than the first, the succeeding together as long as the second. Thorax uniformly dark, the surface smooth, the base two and a half times as broad as the apex, the apex gently, regularly, and roundly emarginate, the base very gently convex, almost transverse, the oblique and narrowing sides distinctly, sometimes considerably, convex, giving a roundness to the front of the body. Scutellum dark. Hemelytra dark, slightly duskier at the outer extremities of the corium and cuneus, the membrane faintly fuliginous. Lengtli, 5 5"™ ; breadth, 2.2'"'". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8206, 11017 and 13558, 12103. FUSCUS Distant. To this genus, founded on a species from Guatemala, I refer with much hesitation a single form from Florissant, wliich bears a close general resem- blance to the species I have placed in Carmelus, but has much shorter and HEMIPTERA— HETEUOPTKUA— CAPSID.K. 365 ■ stouter hind legs. The first joint of the antennae of the fossil, however, is stouter than in Fuscus and the second joint not so distinctly incrassated at the apex. Fuscus? F^CATUS. PI. 22, Fig. 5. Head rather broadly angulate in front ; first joint of antennae distinctly shorter than the head, moderately stout and uniform; the second joint relatively slender, scarcely larger apically, about three times longer than the first. Rostrum reaching tlie coxae of middle legs. Thorax punctate, blackish fuscous, posteriorly two or two and a half times as broad as ante- riorly, both base and apex nearly truncate, the sides oblique, straight. Scutellum of the color of the tliorax. Hemelytra dark, the color intensified alouir the inner margin of the clavus and at the outer extremities of the coriuin and cuneus. Legs ilusky, the hind femora stout, twice as thick as the tibiffi and sliorter than they. Length, 6™'" ; breadth, 2.25"™. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 430, 4.563, 4741, 13308, 14201. PCECILOCAPSUS Renter. This genus, fairly rich in species in both the United States and Mexico, and peculiar to the New World, appears to be represented at Florissant by five tolerably closely allied species, which bear no close resemblance to any of the amber Capsida? The first antennal joint in all is of a similar, the second of a somewhat dissimilar, length. Table of Ihe species of PwcilorapuKS. Narrowiiij;- sides of thorax convex ; second joint of autenuic twice or a little more than twice as long as the first. Thorax smooth ; tegniina Iieavily marked; clavus obscure 1. P. fremoiitii- Thorax punctate ; tegmina faintly marked ; clavns clear 2. /'. veterandas. Narrowing sides of thorax straight ; second joint of anteunie much less or much more than twice as long as the first. Second joint of .antennse scarcely half as long again as the first 3. /'. vctenwxiis. Second joint of auteunai three times as long as the first. Thorax smooth ; scutellum sharply angled 4. I', tahidiix. Thorax punctate ; scutellum roundly angled 5. P. oslentiis. 1. P(ECILOCAPSUS FREMONTII. PI. 24, Fig. 3. An elegant and well marked species not distantly related to P. oina- tulus (Stal) of Mexico, but differing in the markings and in the uniform tliorax. 366 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. • Head iiniformh- dark, the sides of the frontal prominenee full ; l)asal joint of antenniB barely shorter than the head, rather slender, a little thickened apically ; second joint about two and a quarter times longer than the basal joint, scarcely incrassated apicalh^, the slender succeeding joints together about as long as the second. Thorax more than twice as broad at base as at apex, the apex emarginate, the base regularly arcuate, the tapering sides distinctly though not strongly "convex, the whole blackish infumate, and smooth, in no way punctate, winch is exceptional in Poecilocapsus. Scu- tellum pale with a black edging. Hemelytra pale or light colored, with the whole of the clavus black, a large, transverse, fuliginous cloud at the outer extremity of the corium crossing the interior half of tlie hemelytra as a narrow and vague stripe, and again enlarging, but more obscurely, at the inner termination of the corium, and accompanied by a nnich smaller infus- cation of the outer tij) of the cuneus. Length of body, b'.TS"" ; breadth of thorax, 'i"™ ; length of second antennal jdiiit, 1.7'"™. Named for one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Rocky Mount- ains, Gen. John C Fremont. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 8631, 9500, 12284, 13554, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.845. 2. POECILOCAPSUS VETERANDUS. PI. 24, Fig. 9. Head but slightly produced in front of the eyes, dark ; basal joint of antennae distinctly shorter than the head, a little incrassated apically ; sec- ond twice as long as the first, its greater size distally than proximally scarcely perceptible, the slender succeeding joints not fully preserved on either specimen ; rostrum nearly reaching the hind coxa?. Thorax fully two and a half times broader at base than at apex, but otherwise shaped exactly as in P. fremontii, the color blackisli fuliginous, the surface punctate with moderately distant minute black dots. Scutellum of the color of the thorax. Hemelytra pallid throug-liout but the inner edge infuscated, and slight infumated spots at the outer tip of the corium and cuneus. Length of body, 5.8""; breadth of thorax, 2.1"""; length of second antennal joint, 1.4.5°"". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 8648, 8849, 117H5 and 12076. HEMIPTERA— IIETEROPTERA— CAPSID.E. 367 3. PCECILOCAPSUS VKTERNOSTTS. This species closely resembles P. fremoiitii, but differs somewhat in markings and much in the form of tlie thorax and the length of the second antennal joint. The head, which is dark, is rather acutely produced in front of the eves ; basal joint of antenna^ almost as long as the liead and moderately stout, tlie second a little slenderer, slightly larger distally than proximally, exceptionally short, being scarcely half as long again as the first joint, the succeeding joints about equal and together as long as the second. Thorax fully two and a half times as broad at base as at apex, the apex roundly and shallowly eniarginate, the base regularly and gently con- vex, the sides oblique and straight, the surface a little irregular but impunc- tate as in P. fremontii, somewhat obscurely mottled, dark colors prevailing posteriorly, paler antei'iorly. Scutellum generally pale but with both extreme base and apex more or less infuscated, the sides transversely pec- tinate. Hemelytra marked as in P. fremontii, but much less heavily and in particular the clavus less obscure. Length of body, 5.8™"' ; breadth of thorax, 2.35°"" ; length of second antennal joint, l.l™™. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2107, 8113. 4. PCECILOCAPSUS TABIDUS. PI. 24, Fig. 8. A single specimen represents this species, not so well preserved as the others. The head is large, the part in front of the eyes exceptionallv large, well produced, and with a broad rounded apex ; first joint of antennae mod- erately slender, equal, a little shorter than the head; the second joint excep- tionally long, being almost or quite three times as long as the first, slender, and equal throughout ; third joint half as long as second. Thorax less than twice as broad at apex as at base, anteriorly truncate, postei'iorly genth' and regularly convex, the sides oblique and straight, the surface smooth, witliout punctures, more or less mottled and infuscated, as is also the scutellum, which, however, is more uniformly infuscated or infumate, and has a sharp, apical angle. Hemelytra nearly pallid, but with the clavus more or less obscure, and the outer apex of corium and cuneus each with a small, dis- tinct, triangular, fuscous spot. 368 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of body, 5™"; breadth of thorax, 2"" ; length of second antennal joint, 2°"". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 6968, 9730, 10592. 5. PCECILOCAPSUS OSTENTUS. PI. 24, Fig. 2. The head is short and rounded, but very little produced in front of the eyes; first joint of antennae, slender but short, no longer than ihe head, which it surpasses only a little ; second fully three times as long as the first, slender and equal ; third two-thirds as long as second. Thorax fully twice as broad at apex as at base, anteriorly emarginate, posteriorly scarcely con- vex, the sides very oljlitjue and straight ; it is as long as the scutellum, deli- cately punctate, and blackish. Scutellum of a similar color, its apical angle rounded. Hemelytra obscure and indistinct, but apparently darker at apex than at base. Length of body, 6.3""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.25"'"' ; length of second antennal joint, 1.3"'"'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 13560. No. 7911 niay also belong here, and if so the hemelytra are marked very much as in the preceding species. CAPSUS Fabricius. This genus (in an extended sense) has been recognized in amber by Berendt and Gravenhorst, but no fossil species have been described. The species described below are placed here dubious!}', at least as regards the sense in which the genus is now ordinarily restricted. Each has a very very short thorax, similarly formed. Table of Ihe apenes of Cai)su8. Less than tive millimeters in length. First antenuiil joint scarcely broiider than the seeonil. 1. C. obsolefactiis. More than six millimeters iu length. First antennal joint half as broad again as the second. '2. C. laois. 1. Capsus OBSOLEFACTUS. PI. 23, Fig. 13. Head small, considerably and triangularly produced in front of the eyes, where it is angulate ; first joint of antennae slender, of about the length of tlie head, the second fully twice as long as the first, slender, and HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTBRA— GAPSID.E. 369 nearly equal, the following subequal and together longer than the second. Thorax very faintly and distantly punctate, short, truncate in front and behind, or somewhat emarginate in front, the base more tiian twice the breadth of the apex, the sides oblique and nearly straight; scutellum mod- erately large. Legs slender but not very long. Hemelytra fuscous like the body, the membrane small and pale fuliginous. Length, 4.75'"'"; breadth, 2""". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 851, 3480, 4500. 2. Capsus lacus. PI. 22, Fig. 2. Head small, roundly and not veiy strong-ly produced in front of the eyes ; first joint of antennae rather stout, nearly or quite as long as the head, the second much slenderer, equal, as far as preserved nearly twice as long as the first. Thorax ver}' obscurely punctate, truncate at either extremity or a little and roundly emarginate in front, the base more than twice, probablv two and a half times, broader than the apex, the sides strongly oblique and straight. Legs rather stout and not long. Length, 6 5°"" ; breadth, 2.5""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 128. APOREMA gen. nov. {d7r< prj/ua). I am unable to decide upon the precise position of the insect here con- cerned, though it appears to belong in or near the Ph^-tocoraria. The head, which has been uncovered since the plate was engi-aved, is less than half as broad as the thorax, but more than twice as broad as long, and thus exceptionally small. The thorax, about twice as broad as long, is poste- riorly truncate, while the front narrows rapidl}' but with a rounded curve to the narrow neck ; it is not carinate. The scutellum is of large size, equiangular, with perfectly sti-aight sides. The tegmina are slender, with gently convex costa, the apical margin oblique, but the neuration can be made out in the single specimen known neither here nor in the wings. The hind legs are rather long and slender, the femora extending far beyond the sides of the body and apparently as long as the breadth of the base of the abdomen, the tibiae still longer with a row of very shoi-t ami inconspicuous VOL XIII 24 870 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. (lislaiit s|)iiius. Abdomen ovate, constricted at the base, rather broadly rounded, and not produced apically. A single species is known. Aporema pe^strictum. PI. 20, Fig. 4. The body is of a dark and tolerably uniform color. The surfaces of the thorax and scutellum are smooth, but the edges of the latter transversely wrinkled. The henielvtra are light colored or pallid, with more or less infumated costal edge, which expands into an infumated spot at the tip of the corium and of the cuneus, in the former case large, in the latter small ; the inner margin is scarcely infumated and the membrane clear. Legs blackish. Length, 6.5"'"; breadth of thorax, 2.65°""; abdomen, 2.85'"""; length of liind tibia;, 2.5'"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 9900. HADRONEMA Uhler. This genus so far as known is represented by a single species, found in the Rocky Mountain region and in Mexico. The larger species here added to it appears to agree better with it than with any other with which T have been able to compare it, though it is doubtful whether it really belongs here. Hadronema cinerescens. PI. 24, Fig. 12. Head small and rounded, scarcely at all advanced in front of the eyes, uniformly scabrous ; first joint of antenntB moderately stout, not more than half as long as the head, the second slender, slightly incrassated in the apical half or less, less than three times as long as the first joint, the third about two-thirds as long as the second. Thorax scabrous like the head, truncate at each extremity, less than twice as broad at base as at apex, the oblique sides gently arcuate, the color of the head and thorax uniform black. Hemelytra not well preserved, the legs moderately slender, stouter and shorter than in the modern II. militaris Uhl. Length, 6.6"""; breadth, 2""". Florissant, Two specimens, Nos, 2980, 1355^. HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTEEA— PHYSAPODES. 37 1 Family PHYSAPODES Dum^ril. These minute flower insects have been found in considerable numbers in Tertiary deposits. Aix, Oeningen, Rott, and aml)er have each yielded more than one species of Thrips, fifteen in all, of which nearly half come from Rott. Besides this Rott has furnished four species of Heliothrips and one of Phloeothrips, while an extinct genus Calothrips is represented at Aix by a single species. In our own country they have been detected only in the White River beds, where one species each of the genera Melanothrips, Lithadothrips, and Palseothrips have been found and are described below ; the last two of the genera are extinct. t5^ MELANOTHRIPS Haliday. The only species of this genus that has been found fossil is the one described below. So far as I know Melanothrips has not been observed this country among recent insects, but only in Europe ; but so little in attention has been paid to our native species of Physapodes that this is of little significance. . & Melanothrips extincta. PI. 5, Figs. 90, 91. Melanoihrip8 extincta Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., I, 2'21 (187.5). Head small, tapering ; the only appendages visible are the antennae ; these are only sufficiently preserved to recognize that they are very long and slender, longer than the thorax. The thorax is rather small, quadrate; wings nearly as long as the body, fringed on the costal border as in Palaeo- thrips fossilis. The abdomen is composed of only eight joints, but is very long and very tapering, fusiform, tlie last joint produced, as usual in the physapods ; the third joint is the broadest ; of the wings only the costal border and a part of one of the longitudinal veins can be seen ; there are no remains of legs. Length of body, 2.2'"™ ; of antenme, CS™"' ; of head, 0.14""" ; of thorax, 0.5°"" ; of abdomen, 1..56""" ; greatest breadth of abdomen, 0 5'""'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen, W. peiiton. 372 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. LITHADOTHUIPS Scudder {Xi9d?, 9piif>). Lithadothips Spiidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. T.rr., I, 2-21 (1875). Allied to Melanotlirips Haliday. The head is large, broad, globose ; the eyes exceedingly large, globose, each occupying on a superior view fully one-third of the head ; the antennse very slender, equal, as long as tlie thorax, the joints eight or nine in number, cylindrical, equal, scarcely en- larging toward their tips. The prothorax is no larger than the head, of equal breadth with it, the whole thorax shaped as in Pahieothrips. Only fragments of the wings remain, sufficient to render it probable that they agree well with the character of the group to which Melanothrips and ^Eolo- thrips belong. The legs resemble those of PaLieothrips, but are slender and appear to be rather profnsely su])plied with hairs. The abdomen differs considerably in the two specimens referred to this genus. In one it is veiy broadly fusiform, the tip a little produced, nine joints visible, the apical furnished with a few hairs, and bluntly rounded at the tip ; the other has the sides equal, the apex not at all produced, but very broadly rounded, only seven or eight joints vaguely definable. A single species is known. LiTHADOTHRIPS VETUSTA. PI. 5, Figs. 88, 89, 102, 103, Lithadothrips vetunta Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., I, 222 (1875). The specimens, both of which represent the upper surface of the body with fragments and vague impressions of the members, are too poorly pre- served to add anything to the above description of their generic features excepting the following measurements : First specimen : Length of body, 1.76™'" ; of antennae, 0.6""™ ; of thorax, O.G."""; of abdomen, 0 87™'"; breadth of head, 0.28™™; of thorax, 0.52™™; of abdomen, 0.5G™™ ; length of fore femora, 0.37™™?; breadth of same, O.U™™; length of hind femora, 0.42'"'"; breadth of same, 0.13™". Second specimen: Length of body, 1.96'"™; of antennae, 0.76™™; of thorax, 0.56'"™; of abdomen, 1.10™™; breadth of head, 0.3-.™™; of thorax, 0 59™™ ; of abdomen, 0.59™'". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. Two specimens, W. Denton. HEMll'TEUA— llETEKOPTERA— PIIYSAPODES. 37:3 Pal.eothrips Scudder (;raAa/('?, Gpi'i/'). f'ahrolliriiis iScmlil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Gcof;r. Siirv. Terr., I, 2>-2 (1875). This genus is allied to JSolotlirips llalida}-. The head is small, glo- bose ; eyes rounded, much smaller than in Lithadothrips ; antennfe slender, fully as long as the thorax, not more than seven-jointed, the joints cylin- drical, subequal. Prothorax considerably larger than the head, tlie tliorax as a whole very large, stout, and tumid ; fore femora ver}- stout, scarcely more than twice as long as broad ; fore tibire also stout, a little longer tiian the femora; the other legs are moderately stout, long, reaching beyond tiie tip of the abdomen, with a few scattered rather short spinous hairs ; the hind tarsi three-jointed, the last joint smaller than the others and all together two-sevenths the length of the tibiae. Fore wings unusually broad, broadest apically, where their breadth more than equals one-fourth of their entire length, provided with two longitudinal veins, dividing the disk into three nearly equal portions, connected in the middle by a cross-vein, and with either border b}' other cross-veins at about one-third and two-thirds the dis- tance from the base to the tip of the wing: the wing is heavily fringed, especially along the hind border. Hind wings veinless, nearly as long, and at the tip nearly as broad, as the fore wings. Abdomen nine-jointed, half as long again as the thorax, rather tumid, scarcely or not at all produced apically. Pal^othrips fossilis. PI. 5, Figs. 104, 105, 115. Palwothrips fossilis Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 117— name only (18(i7) ; Hull. U. S. Geol Geo|rr. Siirv. T°'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 4890. 7. COPHOCORIS gen. nov. (ncogjd?, xopi?). Head rounded, a little broader than long, a little broader than the apex of the thorax but not nearly so broad as its middle ; front roundly produced, almost angulate ; antennae only half as long as the body, the basal joints just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints slen- der, subequal, the last faintly incrassated. Thorax at least one-fourth broader than long, divided into anterior and posterior lobes of equal length, the posterior lobe with straight and nearly parallel sides, the anterior taper- ing forward, the sides oblique and straight. Legs apparently muoli as in the preceding genus, but perhaps sliglitly shorter. Abdomen wl-11 rounded, hardly ampliated latevall}^ A single species occurs at Florissant CoPHOCORIS TENEBRICO^US. Whole body almost uniformly dark, the abdomen, antennae, and legs much lighter. Head minutely punctate. Thorax distantly and rather coarsely punctate; scutellum the same. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, infuscated, the veins finely punc- tate ; membrane clear. Length of body, 5°°'; antennae, 2.4°'°'; breadth of thorax, l.G""; abdomen, 2°"°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 9742. 392 TERTFAHY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 8. EUCORITES gen. nov. (ev, uopi?). Head well rounded, with a slightly triangular form, the apex for- ward, of about equal length and breadth, slightly broader than the apex of the thorax; the front gently and roundly produced in front of the antennse ; eyes situated in advance of the middle, transverse, reniform ; antenna' slightly longer than the head and thorax together, the basal joint moder- ately stout, just surpassing the front of the head, the remaining joints sub- equal, the second slightly longer than the others, slender and equal, the third slightly shorter than the terminal, scarcely and gently enlarging in the apical half, the fourth incrassated so as to be almost throughout half as broad again as the middle of the second joint. Anterior lobe of the thorax trapezoidal, more than twice as broad as long, tapering regularly from base to apex, witli oblique sides, both base and apex truncate ; posterior lobe of unusual form, being twice as l)road in the middle as at the sides, the pos- terior margin being strongly, broadly angulate, with rounded apex, simu- lating a broad and short scutellum. Middle femora much shorter than the breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. Abdomen moderately long ovate. One species only is known. EUCORITES SERESCENS. Whole body black, the antennae with the basal joint black, the apical joint and apical third of the penultimate joint blackish fuscous, the remain- der testaceous. Head and thorax uniformly, coarsely, and rather distantly punctate. Coriimi of hemelytra coarsely punctate, mostly in longitudinal lines following the course of the veins, the punctas infuscated and the whole corium moi'e or less infuscated, but generally of a light color ; mem- brane faintly infumated, reaching just to the tip of the abdomen. Length of body, 5°"" ; antenn.ie, 2.6°"" ; breadth of thorax at the base, 2.25°""; abdomen, 2.5?"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 860. 9. PROCORIS gen. nov. (7rpc\ ndpz?). Head rounded, slightly longer than broad, with the eyes a little but distinctly broader tlian the apex of tlir* thorax, the front rounded, angulate 1 1 I;MI PTERA— HETRRX )PTBKA— LYG.EII)/E. 393 ill advance of the anteniifv ; eyes moderately large, situated just in advance of the base ; antennae as long as the head and thorax together, the basal joint clearly surpassing the front, the subsequent joints subequal, the second not longer than the others, slender, the fourth incrassate through- out, but largest in the middle, where it is twice as broad as the middle of the second joint. Thorax longer than broad, the posterior about two- thirds as long as the anterior lobe, of equal length throughout, with straight and parallel sides, the anterior lobe tapering from base to apex with oblique straight sides : posterior margin of the thorax truncate, anterior scarcelv emarginate. Legs moderately stout, middle femora not more than two- thirds as long as the breadth of the body at their insertion. Gorium of hemelytra reaching nearly or quite to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. Abdomen broad ovate. Two species are known, both of which occur only at Florissant. Table of the species of Procoria. Third joiut of anteun.T of nearly efiiial width throughout ; femora relatively slender. 1. P. sanctdjohumiin. Third joint of antenna; considerably enlarged apically ; femora relatively stout 2. P. bechleri. 1. Procoris sanct^johannis. Whole body uniform black or blackish fuscous ; antenna? of the same color as the head or perhaps not so dark, but in any case much infiis- cated, the third joint of nearly equal width throughout, scarcely enlarged at the apex. Head smooth or perhaps faintly and very finely punctate. Thorax and scutellum coarsely and rather distantly punctate, the puncta' on the hemelytra arranged linearly along the course of the veins. Femora only moderately stout, fully three times as long as broad. Abdomen rather full, with ampliated sides. Length, 6. l""" ; antennae, 2.25""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85'"™ ; abdomen, 2.5""". The name of the species is given in honor of Mr. Orestes St. John, geologist of the Hayden Survey, a pioneer of nuich work in the West. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3556, 4808, 7688, 10560. 2. Procoris bechleri. PI. 27, Fig. 4. Head faintly and rather coarsely punctate, and, like the whole body, black or blackish brown, the antennae a little lighter colored, the third joint 394 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. enlarging regularl}' from base to apex, where it is nearly twice as large as at the base. Thorax very coarsely and not very distantly punctate, as is also the scutellum. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous, coarsely punctate in serial rows along the course of the veins. The femora rather stout, the middle pair being but little more than twice as long as broad. Abdomen with the sides scarcely ampliated, and a premarginal pallid line. Length, 6.15"""; antenn;^, 2.25"°'; breadth of thorax, 1.85'"'": middle of abdomen, 2.15"'". Named for Mr. G. R. Bechler, topographer of the Hayden Survey during its work in Colorado and elseAvhere. Florissant. One specimen. No. 13664. 10. CTEREACORIS gen. nov. {uripea, m' pi?). Head broader than long, rounded subti'iangular, with the moderately large eyes broader than the apex of the prothorax ; the front prominent and rounded; antenna? considerably shorter than the head iind thorax together, the basal joint stout, surpassing the front of tiie head, the second and third joints about equal in length, slender, less than half the width of the basal joint, the apical joint slightly the longest, incrassate to the stoutness of the ba.sal joint. Thorax more than twice as broad as the head, the posterior decidedly shorter than the anterior lobe, with straight and parallel sides and truncate anterior and posterior margins ; the anterior lobe tapering rapidly with straight oblique sides, the anterior margin gently emarginate, the whole nearly three times as broad as long. Middle femora very much shorter than the breadth of the body at their insertion. Corium of heme- lytra barely surpassing the middle of the abdomen. Abdomen broad and rounded. A single species is known. Ctereacokis primigenus. Head, thorax, scutellum, and corium of hemelytra black, antenna; blackish fuscous, abdomen dark fusco-fuliginous. Head smooth, the antennae, especially the apical joint, a little roughened. Thorax and scu- tellum coarsely punctate. Corium of hemelytra the same, the punctse fol- lowing mostly the course of the veins ; membrane clear. Abdomen obscurely and coarsely punctate. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LY""" ; base of tho- rax, 2.15"""; abdomen, 2.75""". Florissant, Ont' sjiecinien. No. 2022. 11. TRAPEZONOTUS Fieber. This genus, abundantly represented in Europe, ratlier feel)ly in Amer- ica, where it is found in the United States, and at high elevations in Cen- tral America, seems to have lived at Florissant, a couple of species, one of them tolerably common being found there ; yet they certainly differ from modern types in the brevity of the antennae and blimtness of the head, and are considerably slenderer than any American species known U\ me. They may be placed here at least provisionally. Tnhle of III c Kpcciei of Tmpezoiioliis. Smaller species, hardly exceeding three millimeters iu length ; thorax with no median sulcation ; costal margi ii of corinm dark 1. T. exterminatus. Larger species, considerably exceeding four millimeters in length ; thorax with median snlcation : costal margin of corinm light '2. T. uti/ninlin. 1. Trapezonotus extkrminatus. PI. 22, Fig. 9; PI. 23, Fig-s. 11, 22. 25. Head triangular, rounded, slightly broader than long, the angulate front rounded; antennae slender, subequal, a little longer than head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassing the front of the head, the second joint longest, the succeeding joints successively shorter. Thorax with convex sides, the anterior about three-fourths the length of the poste- rior border, the former slightly concave, the latter as slightly convex, the surface faintl}' punctate, though this does not appear on all individuals Heuielytra with the corinm reaching the middle of the abdomen, strong]}- infuscated with pallid markings, consisting of a broad, pale su1)costal stripe which does not reach the membranal suture, and a median triangular patch seated on the same suture, besides which a pale, slender stripe follows the sutura clavi. Abdomen full and rounded. Length of body, 3.1°™; breadth, 1.2"""; length of antenna;, 1.4'"'°. Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 5801, 6366, 6550, 7609, 9674, 11757, 12060, 12459. 396 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. Trapezonotus stygialis. PI. 27, Fig. 11. Head roundly triangular, its sides continuing the course of the oblique sides of the thorax, a little broader than long, the front well rounded; antennre slender and equal, hardly so long as the head and thorax together, the first joint not surpassing the head. Thorax transverse, more than half as broad again as long, broadest in the middle of the posterior half, the sides strongly rounded, tapering forward so that the anterior margin is only two-thirds as long as the whole width of the thorax, the front margin slightly and roundly emarginate, the hind border gently convex. Heme- lytra just reaching the end of the abdomen, the corium extending hardly past the middle of the same, this latter rather pale testaceous, with the whole costal region pallid, besides longitudinal pallid streaks toward the .sutura clavi ; membrane clear. Abdomen full and rounded. Length of body, 4.3™"; breadth, 1.8"""; length of antennae, Lo""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 9302. 12. LINNtEA gen. nov. (Linn(i). A genus of Rhyparoclu-omaria closely allied to Gonatas Distant, but from which it is readily distinguished by the smaller head and shorter antenna?, the first joint of which barely surpasses the head. The head is not more, often less, than lialf as broad as the thorax, nearly as long as broad, and scarcely angulated in front ; the antennae are only as long as the head and thorax together, the second joint the longest, scarcely increas- ing in size apically, the third and fourth successively though but slightly shorter, the third shaped like the second, the fourth not incrassated, all smooth. Thorax very broad, broadest posteriorly, the sides full. Heme- lytra just surpassing the abdomen, the corium occupying about three-fifths of the whole. Legs, and especially the fore femora, stout. Probably the use of Linntea in botany has prevented its use in zoology, but the time is long past when such restrictions have any value. There is no conceivable way in which the use of the same term for a living Alpine flower and a Tertiary bug can cause confusion or be inconvenient. Several species occur in the North American Tertiaries, but only at Florissant; while but for their much longer antenuiB and slighter fore UEMIPTERA— HETERUPTEIIA— LYG.EID.E. 397 femora I should be inclined to place here two of the fossil species found at Aix ill Provence (Oligocene) and heretofore referred to Pachynierus, viz, P. fasciatus Heer and P. pulchellus Heer, which much resemble our first two species. Table of the species of Liniitm. Membrane of the hemelytra distinctly marked with broad, arcuate, loiigitudiDal stripes. Thi)rax very rapidly narrowing iu the anteriiir fourth 1. L. Iwlinesii. Thorax narrowing only a little in the anterior fourth 2. L. putnami. Membrane of the hemelytra clear. Corinm mostly obscure. Anterior outer angles of the thorax so rounded that the curve of the anterior half of the thorax is almost uniform 3. L. abolita. Anterior outer angles distinct though rounded 4. L. carcerata. Corium mostly clear. Cosral margin distinctly though rather narrowly testaceous ; rest of corium clear .5. L. evoluta. In addition to the thickening of the costal margin, testaceous blotches fringe the membranal suture and mark the outer tip of the corium 6. L. gravida. 1. LlNN^A HOLMESII. PI. 23, Fig. 10. Head slightly broader than long, well rounded, the front entirely without angulation. Thorax half as broad again as long, the sides strongly arcuate, the anterior margin only about half as long as the posterior (in which point it is wrongly represented ou the plate), which is slightly emarginate at the base of the scutellum, tlie surface smooth. Hemelytra with the corium very dark testaceous, de epening apically, with a pallid sutura clavi, and a subcostal streak, besides a small triangular spot on the membranal suture just without the sutura clavi ; membrane with four pale testaceons, equidis- tant, slightly arcuate, longitudinal streaks, the outer occupying, respectively, the costal and inner margins, originating at a little space beyond the mem- branal suture and running to the outer margin, the interspaces perfectly clear. Length of body, 3.35'"™; breadth, 1.1.5'"™; lengtli of antenufp., 1.4""". Named for Mr. W. H. Holmes, geologist, archeologist, and artjst of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. One specimen. No. 2320. 2. LiNN/EA HUTNAMI. PL 23, Fig. 4, This species closely resembles the preceding in general appearance, but differs frttm it in important details in those pai'ts which can be com- 398 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. pared. Unfortunately the head is not well preserved and the thorax is defective, but the latter can be seen to be nearly as broad in front as behind, with decided though rounded angles in front and with a faintly punctate surface. It is of a very dark color ; the corium, which is scarcely less dark than the body, shows only a slender pallid line at the sutura clavi and along the principal vein, which passes down the middle and forks in the middle of the outer half of the corium, much fainter after forking. The membrane is marked as in L. holmesii, but the stripe on the inner margin is very faint. Length of body, 3.35""" ; breadth, 1.25""'. Named for my fellow student in science, Prof F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge. Florissant. One specimen, No. 5.S73. 3. LlNN^A ABOLITA. Head exceptionally small and rounded, not more than a third as broad as the thorax, the front in no way angulate. Thorax with the posterior lobe distinctly separated from the anterior and rather less than half as long as it ; anterior lobe very rapidly narrowing with oblique but slightly arcu- ate sides, so that the front margin is scarcely more than a third as wide as the thorax, and the front half of the thorax has one nearly uniform curve ; the posterior lobe again narrows or is slightly constricted ; surface smooth. Hemelytra with the corium uniformly dark fuliginous, membrane clear. Abdomen very full and rounded. Length, 3.75""' ; breadth, 1.4""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1918. 4. LlNN^A CARCERATA. PI. 23, Fig. 2. Head small, less than half as broad as the thorax, almost as long as broad, tlie front well rounded; antenn;v shorter than the head and thorax. Thorax very i)road, twice as broad as long, the sides very strongly rounded and full, the anterior hardly shorter than the posterior margin, with no dis- tinct separation into anterior and posterior lobes, the surface smooth, with a slight median sulcation. Hemelytra pale testaceous, with large and irreg- ular pallid blotches covering nearly'ha.lf the corium but not invading the HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTERA— LYG.^IDJ<:. 399 apex; membrane clear. Abdomen narrower than the thorax, with parallel sides and broadly rounded apex, and half as long again as broad. Length of body, 3.55"™; breadth of thorax, 1.35°"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5793, 9692, 12096, 12464. 5. Linnyea evoluta. PI. 23, Fig. 21. Head much broader than long, the front broadly angled ; basal joint of antennse not surpassing the head, the last joint two-thirds the length of the second ; rostrum reaching the posterior extremity of the fore coxre. Thorax transversely striate, the posterior half with parallel sides, continuous with the equally broad abdomen, the anteiior half rapidly narrowing with oblique arcuate sides, so that the anterior border is about two-thirds as long- as the posterior and as long as the length of the thorax. Hemelytra with the corium clear, except for a faint cloudiness which is a little intensified in a costal margin, the veins marked with serial punctures; membrane clear. Abdomen parallel sided, broadly rounded apically, about half as long again as broad. Length, 3.6""" ; breadth, 1.4"'"'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5S40, 7233. 6. LlNN.EA GRAVIDA. PI. 23, Fig. 19. Head small, apparently rather less than half as broad as the thorax, shorter than broad, the front broadly angled ; antennae with the basal joint just attaining the front of the head, the whole scarcely longer than head and thorax. ' The latter smooth or scarcely punctate, half as broad again as long, the sides well rounded, tapering forward a little, the outer anterior angles well rounded off, the anterior margin about two-thirds the length of the posterior. Hemelytra with a pale testaceous costal stripe on the corium with the membranal edge marked irregularly with the same, as well as with a stripe following the outer side of the sutura clavi and another down the middle of the corium ; membrane clear. Abdomen full, about half as long again as broad. This species is slightly larger than any of the others. Length, 4.5'"'"; breadth, 1.75°"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2966, 4994, 10410, 10882. 4U0 TEKTIAHV INSECTS OF NOliTH AMERICA. IH. RHYPAROCHROMUS Curtis. A single fossil was formerly referred to this genus by me, which seems rather to belong to the Acanthiidfe. But another from Florissant may more rightly claim a place here, and is the only fossil species known. The genus is now feebly represented in Noi'tli America, a single species occurring in the United States and another in (Guatemala, while a number are recorded from Europe. Rhypakoghromu.s verrillii. PI. 23, Figs. 15, 30. Head narrower than tlie thorax, barely broader than long, rounded subtriangular ; antennse just about as long as head and thorax together. Thorax subquadrate, narrowing gently, the truncate anterior margin five- sixths the length of the posterior, the whole as long as its anterior breadtli, the anterior lobe three times as long as the posterior, tlie sides full and rounded, very feebly separated from the posterior lobe, the surface faintly punctate. Hemelytra with the corium reaching the middle of the hinder half of the abdomen, heavily infuscated, but the sutura clavi always marked by a pallid line, and sometimes the corium marked with pallid after the style of Trapezonotus exterminatus of the same beds. Length, 3.5'^"' ; breadth, 1.25°"". Named for the distinguished Yale zoologist, Prjf A E. Verrill. Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1511, 2027, 2050, 8160, 5270, 9884, 11210. 14. PACHYMERUS St. Fargeau and Serville. This group, as restricted by Stal, is composed wholly of Old World forms, and is closely related to Rhyparochrouius. To it have been referred a considerable number of fossil Heteroptera, fifteen species in alV but only two or three of them at the most can by any possibility be regarded as belonging to the genus iu its now restricted form ; these would be, Ijesides the one given below, a single species each at Aix and Oeningen and in amber. ' In my .Systematic review of fossil insects (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 31, p. 6:^), I have .said st-v- cutecu, having wrongly given credit to Kalohoj an I amber for one more species each than they have. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LYG^ID^. 401 Pachymerus petrensis. n. 5, Figs. 70, 71. Pachymerus petrensis Scudd.. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 761 (1877). A single specimen, of which most of the right half is destroyed, repre- sents this species, whicli is placed here provisionally, principally because it appears to be closely related to fossil sj^ecies put in this group by Heer. It seems to be a larva, and to belong to the Myodochina in the vicinit}- of Eremocoris. The outline of the head is vague and broken, but the front is apparently bent at a right angle. The antennfe are about half as long as the body, four-jointed ; the basal joint only about half as long again as broad, the others subequal, very slightly smaller at the base than at the apex, but otherwise equal, the second a ver^- little tlie longest, the last pointed at the tip. Thora.x and abdomen of about equal length, the former equally broad throughout (or nearly so) ; the fore and middle femora short and stout, about as long as their separation from each other. Abdomen expanding suddenly at the base, so that the second segment is broadest and apparently half as broad again as the thorax, beyond tapering ♦rather rap- idly to a rounded tip. Length of body, 3"™ ; antenna?, l.S""™ ; fore femora, 0.35™". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). 1.5. TIROMERUS gen. nov. (reipco, firjpo?). Head broadly triangular, as broad as front of thorax, the front angularly rounded, the eyes basal ; antennae much more than half as long as tlie body, tlie first joint distinctly surpassing the head, the second very slender and almost as long as the third and fourth togetlier, these subequal, the last slightly incrassated. Thoi'ax transverse, trapezoidal, tapering gently, the sides more cr less but not much ampliated, with no distinct division into anterior and posterior lobes. Hemelytra with the corium barely reaching the middle of the abdomen. The genus appears to be allied to Rhyparochromus, but the relative length of thj second joint of the antennji?, separates it from any existing genus with which it appeal's comparable. Two species are found at Flor- issant, which may perhaps be generically distinct, in which case T. torpefactus should be regarded as typical. Table of the species of Tiromeriis. Thorax much less thau twice as broad as long 1. T. torpefactus. Thorax fully twice as hroad as long 2. T. tal)i_fluus. VOL xni 26 402 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. TiROMERUS TOEPEFACTUS. Sides of body nearly straight and enlarging slightly from the head to the middle of the abdomen Head about twice as broad as long, the front roundly produced in fi-ont of the eyes. Antennae very slender, extending, if stretched along the body, beyond the commissura. Rostrum extending to the middle coxae. Thorax flat, gently tapering, with hardly any fullness, the length about two-thirds the breadth, its breadth at apex five-sixths that at base, the angles scarcely rounded, the front margin roundly, regularly, and slightly emarginate, the surface faintly wrinkled transversely. Heme- lytra with the corium reaching the middle of the abdomen, apparently almost clear, but for a costal thickening of a testaceous color. Length, 3""; breadth of base of thorax, 1.3""" ; length of antennae, 2°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 1214. 2. TiROMERUS TABIFLUUS. Whole body of a very regular oval shape, the largest end posterior. Head about half as broad again as long, the front angularly produced but with the extreme front well rounded ; rostrum reat'.hing at least the fore coxse, and apparently the middle pair ; only the basal part of the antenuiB preserved. Thorax- almost flat, distinctly and considerably tapering, but short, with full sides, a little more tlian twice as broad as long, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base, the front margin roundly, regu- larly, and not slightly emarginate, the surface faintly and finely punctate Hemelytra with the corium not extending beyond the middle of the abdomen or hardly reaching it, the membraual suture transversely oblique, the corium apparently clear. Length, 3.25°""; breadth in middle of body, LS""". Florissant. One specimen, No-. 2475. 16. LITHOCHROMUS gen. nov. {\{9o?, xpcs/xa). Head moderate, rounded subtriangular, of about equal length and breadth, the front distinctly angulate, the eyes small and globular, situated in the middle, away from the base ; antennae nearly or quite half as long as the body, the last joint scarcely or not incrassated ; the first joint just or barely surpasses the front, the second is long and slender, and with the first HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEKA— LYGiEID.E. 403 equal or almost equal to tlie last two together, these subequal. Thorax transverse, usually only half as broad ag-ain as long, broadest at the base or slightly before the base, narrowing in front so that the head is never more than half as broad as the thorax, often with a slight triangular depres- sion at apex, with no distinct posterior lobe. Legs, especially the femora, moderately stout. Hemelytra with the corium reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, but not far. Four species have been distinguished in the Florissant shales. Table of the species of Litliochromus. Thorax broadest at base ; first two joints of autenuiB together as long as the last two. Thorax iinpiiiictate or scarcely puuctate, longer than the wultU of the head ; cerium of hemelytra obscure 1. L. gardneri. Thorax punctate, only as long as the width of the head, corium of hemelytra clear. Thorax more than one-half as long again as the head 2. L. obstrictus. Thorax less than one-half as long again as the head 3. L. morluarius. Thorax broadest before the base; first two joints of antennae together slightly shorter than the last two 4. X. extraneus. 1. LiTHOCHROMUS GARDNERI. PL 26, Fig. 10 ; PI. 27, Fig. 8. Antennae as long as the head, thorax, and half of the scutellum. Thorax trapezoidal, longer than the width of the head, less than half as broad again as long, the sides scarcely convex, the apex nearly five-sixths the length of the base, the outer anterior angles a little rounded ; the front transverse or slightly emarginate ; a slight triangular depression broader than long occupies the whole front margin ; surface impunctate or scarcely punctate, as is also the scutellum. Corium of the hemelytra obscure dark fuscous, with pallid longitudinal strigae which scarcely affect the outer apex ; membrane showing faint, longitudinal, pale testaceous strigse. Length, 5°"° ; breadth, 2™'". Named for Mr. James T. Gardner," geographer of the Hayden Survey. Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 1092, 2677, 3947, 4717, i)837, 10076, 14204. 2. LiTHOCHROMUS OBSTRICTUS. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, only as long as the width of the head, more than half as long again as the head ; the sides pretty strongly oblique and slightly convex ; the apex about three-quarters the length of the base ; front margin regularly, broadly, and considerably 404 TERTIARY IXSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. emargiiiate ; a slight median sulcation, but scarcely any sign of a depres- sion at the apex. Surface nearly smooth, but coarsely, distantly, and faintly punctate. Corium of heraelytra clear. Length, 5 2.5™"; breadth, 2.1°"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 6390. 3. LiTHOCHKOMUS MORTUARIUS. PI. 26, Fig. 2. Antenna slightly longer than head and thorax together. Thorax sub- quadrangular, less than half as broad again as long, less than half as long again as the head, and only as long as the width of the head, broadest before the base, with rather strongly convex sides, tapering only in the apical half, but rapidly; the apex three-fourths the length of the base; a dis- tinct posterior lobe not one-fourth the length of the anterior; the front mar- gin transverse or very slightly emarginate, with a distinct triangular ante- rior depression, twice as broad as long, the apex broadly rounded ; surface indistinctly punctate. Corium of hemelytra blackish fuscous ; membrane with slight marks of longitudinal infuscation. Length, 4.6°"° ; breadth of base of thorax, 1.85"°" ; abdomen, 2.25"°'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 4644, 11220. 4. LiTHOCHROMUS EXTRANEUS. PI. 26, Fig. 6. The single specimen is preserved only upon a side view, and is on that account difficult to compare with the others absolutely. The head appears to be of unusual length, being apparently about five-sixtlis the length of the thorax, and is smooth ; the antennae are exceptionally stout and are some- what longer than the head and thorax together ; the first two joints together slightly shorter than the last two ; the first and second joints increase very slightly in size next the apex, and are truncate at tip ; the last joint scarcely enlarges toward the tip, which is rounded. Thorax apparently tapering from a little before the base, somewhat tumid, and punctate ; corium of hemelytra clear, or very slightly obscured, punctate throughout, but more densely along the principal veins ; membrane clear. Length, 5.5""; of corium of hemelytra, 2.75"°'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 13660. HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTERA— LYGiEID^. 405 17. COPTOCHROMUS gen. nov. (kotttc?, zpc^ju^x). Head rounded triangular, fully as long as broad, as broad as the apex of the thorax ; the eyes small, globular, median, the front between them advanced considerably, and roundly angulated ; antennae shorter than in the preceding genus, longer than in the succeeding genera, being longer than head and thorax together, but considerably less than half the length of the body ; first joint distinctly, though not considerably, surpassing the front, the first and second together shorter than the remainder of the antennae, the third and fourth subequal and not at all incrassated. Thorax transverse, considerably less than twice as broad as long, decidedly longer than the head, broadest at the base, the anterior lateral margins strongly rounded, the apex about three-fourths the width of the base ; no noticeable posterior lobe. Legs and hemelytra as in the preceding genus. A single species occurs at Florissant. CoPTOCHROMUS MANIUM. Antennse of nearly uniform diameter throughout. Thorax trapezoidal with the outer anterior angles strongly rounded ; the thorax tapering rapidly only at the extreme apex ; front margin gently emarginate, a very broad, rounded, subtriangular, anterior depression three or four times as broad as long occupying the whole apex ; a distinct median carina ; sur- face smooth. Corium of hemelytra varying from pale testaceous to fuscous, more heavily marked along the costal margin ; the whole surface faintly and uniformly punctate ; membrane clear. Length, 46°'"' ; breadth, a"*". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 5248, 6270, 6449, 9046. 18. PROLYG^US gen. nov. (7rp6, Lygseus, nom. gen.) Body of a very regularly oval form less than twice as long as broad. Head rather small, with the eyes rather narrower than the reduced front of the thorax, as long as broad, the eyes situated in the middle of the head, and the front produced in advance of them as a broad quadrate mass : antennae as long as the head and thorax, the first joint not surpassing, prob- ably just reaching, tho front, the last two longer than the first two joints, subequal and slightly incrassated. Thorax very transverse, neari\- three 406 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. times as broad as long, the posterior lobe more than one-third of the whole, tapering pretty regularly and very considerably from base to apex, which is not more than two-thirds as long as the base. Femora stout and large. Hemelytra with the coriuni extending a little beyond the middle of the abdomen. A single species is found at Florissant. Prolyg^us inundatus. PI. 27, Fig. 13. Head very faintly and finely punctate, oblique sides of the thorax gently convex, front margin of tliorax marginate and broadly and slightly emarginate ; surface distinctly, rather distantly and uniformly punctate. Corium of hemelytra rather heavily punctate in series which are more or less longitudinal. Length, 5.5"" ; breadth of thorax, 1.85°"" ; abdomen, 2.6°"". Florissant. One specimen. No. 6299. 19. NECROCHROMUS gen. nov. (venpo?, xpt^M^t). Body very regularly oval, the broader end posterior, the abdomen being very full, laterally expanded beyond the costal margins of the closed heme- lytra, the whole body less than twice as long as broad. Head with the moderately large eyes just as broad as the apex of the thorax, almost as long as broad, being strongly and angularly produced in front of the eyes, which are situated at or close to the base. Ocelli small, situated close to the e3'es on aline with their posterior margin; antennae as long as head, thorax, and scutellum, the first joint not or but slightly surpassing the front, the other joints subequal, the fourth slightly the longest, the third shortest, the last two gently incrassated. Thorax transverse, broadest at base, tapering rather or very rapidly, scarcely longer than the head, the sides convex, the obscure posterior lobe rather less than one-fourth of the whole. Legs, or at least the femora, pretty stout. Hemelytra with the corium surpassing the middle of the abdomen to a greater or less degree. Three species are known, all from Florissant. Table of the species of Necrochronma. Thorax about twice as broad as long. Apex of tliorax more than tlirre-fourths as long as base; corium of hemelytra short. 1. N. cockn'elH. Apex of rhorax hardly more tUiii liiilf as loug as b ise; coriuia of hemelytra long 2. N'. lahatiia. Thorax about half as broad again as long 3. X. aaxificua. HEMlPTERA— HETEKUPTERA— LYGiElDiE. 407 1. Necrochromus cockerelli. PI. 27, Fig. 10. Head smooth. Thorax fully twice as broad as long, the apex more than three-quarters the length of the base, gently tapering with arcuate sides, the front margin gently and broadly eniarginate with somewhat rounded lateral angles ; sides marginate and on either side near the margin a gently arcuate sulcus subparallel to the margin ; the posterior lobe sepa- rated only by a slight carination ; whole surface uniformly and distinctly punctate. Coi'ium of hemelytra relatively short, hardly surpassing the mid- dle of the abdomen, clear, excepting a broad, fusco-fuliginous band along the membranal suture and the fuscous punctate veins ; the whole of the corium is also distantly punctate ; membrane clear , abdomen fusco-fuligi- nous with a broad, submarginal, distinctly bordered, clear band not clearly observable in all specimens. Length, 6.15°"°; breadth of thorax, 2.15°"°; abdomen, 2.85"". Named for Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, the industrious entomologist of Colorado. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 2229, 8139 and 8234, 9086. 10135, 11231. 2. Necrochromus labatds. PI." 27, Fig. 14. Thorax nearly two and a half times as broad as long, only a little longer than the head ; apex only three-fifths the breadth of the base, transverse, the sides oblique, gently arcuate, the outer anterior angles scarcely rounded ; the surface uniform, heavily punctate. Corium of hemelytra relatively long, reaching the middle of the outer half of the abdomen, pale testaceous except- ing rather large fuscous spots along the inner half of the membranal suture ; the whole surface punctate ; the veins infuscated ; abdomen as in last species. Length, 5"°"; breadth of thorax, 2 1.5°"°; abdomen, 2.8°"°. Florissant. One specimen. No. 2871. 3. Necrochromus saxificus. Antennae as long as head, thorax, andscutellum, all but the apical joint dark ; the latter clear except for some slight blotches. Thorax trapezoidal, hardly half as broad again as long, tapering gently and regularly except 408 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. for the slight arcuation of the sides from the extreme base ; the apex fully three-fourths as long as base, the front margin gently emarginate, the outer angles hardly rounded ; surface punctate. Corium of hemelytra reaching almost to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, more or less obscure and punctate ; abdomen uniformly dark fuscous, differing from the other species in its relative narrowness, so that it is apparently not expanded laterally beyond the margin of the hemelytra. Length, 6"'"; breadth of thorax, l.S""" ; abdomen, 2.5°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 8927. 20. EXITELUS gen. nov. {sSittjXo?). The body is long oval, more than twice as long as broad. Head a little broader than long, as broad as the abruptly narrowed apex of the thorax, but hardly half so broad as the base of the thorax ; eyes rather small, situated in the middle of the head, the front between them strongly and roundly produced, with no angulation ; antennsB as long as head and thorax together, the first joint barely surpassing the front, the last a little incrassated and apparently the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, narrowing rap- idly from base forward, abruptly at the very apex, not much more than lialf as broad again as long, the sides a little convex. Femora stout. Corium of hemelytra extending beyond the middte of the abdomen_, which, though full, perhaps does not expand laterally beyond the closed hemelytra. A single species is known. ExiTELUS EXSANGUIS. PI. 27, Fig. 2. Head and thorax fusco-fuliginous, the latter with a median sulcation, botli smooth, though the scutellum is faintly punctate ; front margin of the thorax slightly emarginate. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, fuliginous with a centnil faint pallid spot, faintly punctate ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous with a premarginal, broad, clearly defined, pale belt which traverses the abdomen in equal breadth just beyond the scutellum. Length, 4.85"™; breadth of thorax, 1.9°""; abdomen, 2°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. efiJiK HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTEKA— LYG.EID^. 409 21. CRYPTOCHROMUS gen. nov. («py;rroc, xpf^/^a). Body of an oval shape, a very little more than twice as long as broad. Head large, distinctly broader than the apex of the thorax, fully half as broad again as long, the front but slightly advanced before the eyes, very broadly angulate. Eyes very large, half as long as the thorax, hemispher- ical, occupying the entire narrowed side of the head. Antenna? as long as head and thorax, the first joint scarcely surpassing the head, the other joints subequal in length, the second very slender, the fourth distinctly incrassate. Thorax trapezoidal, a little more than twice as broad as long, flattened, bi'oadest at base, narrowing gently in advance, the sides gently arcuate, the apex two-thirds as broad as the base. Corium of hemelytra reaching beyond the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. One species only is known, from Florissant. Cryptochromus letatus. Head, thorax, scutellum, and hemelytra, the latter perhaps to a less extent than the other parts, blackish fuscous, finely and uniformly punctate. Thorax about two and a quarter times as broad as long, the front margin roundly eniarginate, the hind margin transverse, the posterior considerably longer than the anterior lobe ; a slight median sulcation. Corium of heme- lytra strongly infuscated, very long, reaching to the last abdominal joint, the membranal suture very oblique ; abdomen fusco-fuliginous. Length, 4.15"™; breadth of thorax, 2'"'"; abdomen, 2. IS""". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 4487 and 11655. Subfamily PYRRHOCORINA Stal. This peculiar group, by many regarded as deserving family rank, has never before been found fossil. The Florissant beds, however, yield two species, which I have I'eferred to Dysdercus. DYSDERCUS Amyot and Serville. To this genus, found all over the world, but not so rich in species with us as in the Old World, an inhabitant mostly of warm climates, and repre- sented in the United States only in the southern portion, a couple of Flor- issant forms appear to belong. It lias not before been recognized in a fossil 4l0 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. state, but it is quite possible that some of the undescribed species in the European Tertiaries referred to Lygseus may be found on examination to belong here or to other Pyrrhocorina, since the two species found at Floris- sant closely resemble the species of Lygseus from the same beds, and until their want of ocelli was noted were placed next to them. Table of the species of Dysdtrcns. Middle of body belted with a light band 1. X). cinctus. Body aniform in color ...2. D. unicolor. 1. Dysdercus cinctus. PI. 24, Figs. 11, 13, 14. Head rounded, subtriangular, the front broadly rounded with a slight angulation (Fig. 13 is inaccurate, having been drawn before the stone was broken away from the head). Surface transversely and finely corrugated, otherwise smooth. Thorax coarsely, obscurely, and distantly punctate, as are also the femora. The scutellum appears to be nearly smooth. Heme- lytra finely punctate along impressed lines following the course of the prin- cipal veins. Whole body dark, but transversely banded with lighter color in a rather broad belt, which crosses the posterior half of the thorax and more distinctly traverses the body and closed hemelytra at the tip of the scutellum. Length of body, 8.65°"" ; antennse, 3.75°"" ; breadth of body, 3.5"™. Florissant. Nine specimens, Nos. 1426, 1745, 3199, 4248, 5865, 7161, 9890, 10303, 13561. One of the specimens figured. No. 5865, was mislaid at the time of desci'iption of the species, but undoubtedly belongs here. 2. Dysdercus unicolor. Body uniformly dark fuscous throughout, with no indication of any transverse lighter-colored bands. Head smooth, antennse concolorous. Thorax and scutellum very coarsely and distantly punctate. The abdomen similai'ly but more obscurely and still more distantly punctate, the closed hemelytra slightly surpassing its extremity. Length, including the closed hemelytra, 8.5°"° ; antennas, 3.5""" ; breadth, 3.5°'°'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 3230, 10340. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— OOEEID^. 41 1 Family COREID^e Stephens. The members of this large family do not appear to have been i-ecov- ered from the rocks in any great variety of forms, and from amber but a single S2)ecies is known. The Coreina and Alydinae appear to have been far the most abundant among the subfamilies, the former prevailing in Europe, the latter in America ; in America much the greater number of all the species, and genera as well, belong to the Alydinse, a somewhat remarkable fact in view of the relatively slight importance of this group to-day. The Corizida were next in importance, a few species being found both in Europe and America. The other subfamilies I'epresented are the Pseudophloeina, which occurs only in America and in a single genus, which appears, however, to have been very common ; and the Berytina, found only in Europe, and the only subfamily represented in amber. Excepting one Corizus, all the American species that have been found have occurred only at Florissant. Subfamily COREINA Stiil. This subfamily is better represented in the European Tertiaries than in our own, where it has so far been detected only at Florissant. In Europe we find a dozen species of half as many genera, of which one, Palseocoris Heer, with a single species from Radoboj, is regarded as extinct, and another, Coreites, witli tliree species from Oeningen and Radoboj, is used only as a magazine for imperfectly known forms. The other genera are Syromastes, with four species from Oeningen, Spartocera, with two from Radoboj, and single species of Hypselonotus at Oeningen, and Leptoscelis at Sieblos. Besides Serres states that two small species of Coreus (used in a general sense) occur at Aix. None of these at all resemble in any particular manner the forms we find at Florissant, where all the species but one have to be referred to extinct genera, and tlie one exception may require a similar reference when better known. There are, however, but four genera with nine species. In two of them, one containing four species, it is difficult to determine in wliat relation they stand to existing types on account of the peculiarities of the neuration of the hemelytra. A third, Piezocoris, with three species, is remarkable for its large head, but otlierwise does not greatly diff"er from 412 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Anasa, to which the remaining species is referred. In all the antennae are brief and have the joints beyond the basal of more than usual equality. Table of the genera of Coreina. Head not more thau half as long as the thorax 1. Anasa. Head more than half as long as the thorax. An oblique veiu ruuning from the upper apex of the central cell of the corinm to the costa, inclos- ing a large rUomboidal cell at the apex of the corium. Head and thorax of subequal length '2. Achrestocoris. Head much shorter than the tborax 3. Phthinocoris. No oblique vein nor rhomboidal cell at apex of corium ^ 4. Fiezocoria. 1. ANASA Amyot and Serville. This American genus, rich in species in tropical and subtropical regions and with at least twenty species in North America having a great variety of form and general appearance, is best known to the public by our com- mon odoriferous " squash-bug." The genus has never before been found fossil, but occurs in a single instance at Florissant, the species being some- what peculiar in the form of the anterior half of the thorax. Anasa peiscoputida. PI. 24, Fig. 4. Head rounded triangular, together with the eyes rather more than half the width of the front lobe of the thorax, of about equal length and breadth, the front strongly protruded in advance of the eyes. Antennae somewhat more than half as long as the body, the first joint but little stouter than the others, cylindrical, scarcely shorter than the head, the second and fourth subequal, the third smaller. Thorax fully double the length of the head, the anterior and posterior lobes very distinct in their form and struct- ure, the posterior occupying two-thirds of the length with rounded alations, which increase its breadth nearly one-third ; surface distantly and rather finely granulate, except along its anterior edge, where the granulations are larger and more crowded ; except for the alations the sides are straight ; anterior lobe very rapidly tapering in front, the sides strongly oblique and well rounded ; the front margin gently and broadly emarginate ; the surface smooth like the head, except for a few granulations along the anterior mar- gin and lateral edges. Scutellum large, triangular, granulate like the pos- terior lobe of the thorax. Corium and clavus of the hemelytra distantly HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— COREID^. 4 1 3 punctate in linear rows. Legs slender, the anterior femora lono-er than the breadth of the body. Abdomen long and rather narrow with straight sides tapering apically. Length of body, 7°""; breadth of posterior lobe of thorax, 2.8°"°; abdomen, 2.25™°' ; length of antenna;, 4"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 13314. 2. ACHRESTOCORIS gen. nov. {axprjaro?, uopt?). This genus and the following are remarkable for the neuration of the corium of the hemelytra, where an oblique vein runs from the upper apex of the central cell to the costa, in addition to the two other veins running from the extremity of the cell to the membrane, and so inclosing between itself and the upper of these two usual veins a large rhomboidal cell at the apex of the corium. In the present genus the thorax is exceptionally short, being no longer than, if as long as, the small head. The head is subquad- rate, sliffhtlv long^er than broad, less than half as wide as the base of the thorax, not much produced in front of the antennae. Antennae not preserved in any of the specimens. Eyes large and rather prominent, ocelli minute, circular, more than twice as near the eyes as each other, opposite the middle of the posterior half of the eyes. Thorax with truncate base, the sides tapering I'apidly to the narrow apex, the apical margin gently, regularly, and roundly emarginate, tlie whole more than twice as long as broad. Scutellam very large, triangular, broader than long. Corium of hemelytra large, reaching nearly to the tip of the abdomen, which the membrane appears to surpass slightly. Membranal margin straight, very oblique Abdomen large and rather full, half as long again as broad. A single species is known. ACHRESTOCOEIS CINERARIUS. PL 22, Fig. 1. Body robust, but little more than twice as long as broad. Head very finely granulate, intraocular space about half as wide as the length of the head; the color black. Thorax blackish fuscous with coarse and faint punctfe, not very close together; sides with very slight ampliations; rest of the body black or blackish fuscous. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous with dusky 414 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. veins ; a broad band crossing the base of the abdomen and including the hemelytra of a reddish fuscous color. Length of body, 8.5°""; breadth of thorax, 3°""; breadth of middle of abdomen, 3.6°"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 4480, 11223, 11234, 12085. 3. PHTHINOCORIS gen. nov. (^9zV®, ^cpt?). This genus agrees closely with the last except that the thorax is much longer, the head being distinctly shorter than it. It is of a similar robust form. The head is similarly shaped and well rounded ; the eyes are large, the ocelli small and circular, as near together as to the eyes and opposite the middle of the same. The antennae are scarcely half as long as the body, the basal joint moderately stout but short, not half so long as the head, the other joints subequal, but the fourth the smallest and scarcely incrassated. Thorax fully twice as broad as the head, tapering forward with i-ounded ampliated sides, more or less distinctly separated into an anterior and posterior lobe (the anterior very short) by a transverse slight sulcation, sometimes marked by a series of granules. Hemelytra with the same structure as to the venation as in Achrestocoi'is, the central cell remarkably short, its apex being scarcely beyond the center of the corium ; membrane slightly exceeding the abdomen ; this latter shaped as in Achrestocoris. Four species are known. Table of the species of Phthinocoris. Head much shorter than thorax ; species of medium size. Thorax almost twice as broad at base as long 1. P. colligatus. Thorax much less thiin twice as broad at base as long 2. P. lethargicus. Head and thorax of subequal length. Species of small size (measuring about C.S™"" in length); head not broader than long, delicately granulate 3. P. laiiijuidu^i. Species of large size (measuring about 9.5"™ in length); head broader than long, coarsely and obscurely granulate ..4. P.petrceus. 1. Phthinocoris COLLIGATOS. PL 22, Fig. 3. Head imperfectly preserved but plainly triangular, the surface nearly smooth, but beset with a fine granulation. Thorax nearly twice as long as the head, not quite twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight and HEMIPTERA— HETEEOPTEEA— COREID^. 415 regularly tapering; the surface black or blackish fuscous and fineh' granu- late, a row of granules marking the limitations of the two lobes. Scutellum finely granulate, black. Hemelytra fusco-fuliginous, the membrane fainter; the corium long, reaching almost to the extremity of the abdomen ; the sutura clavi marked by a pallid line ; the surface of the whole more or less finely punctate. Length of body, 8°"" ; breadth of thorax, 3°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 6371. 2. Phthinocoris lethargicus. PI. 26, Fig. 17 ; PI. 27, Fig. 17. Head blackish fuscous, nearly smooth, but with fine transverse corru- gations ; the antennae of the same color. Thorax reddish fuscous except along the posterior margin, which with the whole scutellum and the base of the hemelytra beside it is blackish, forming a broad, transverse belt across the body ; the sides of the thorax full, ampliated, the thorax tapering much more rapidly in the anterior than in the posterior half, the sepai-ation of the anterior and posterior lobes marked by a fine row of granules ; the surface otherwise nearly smooth but faintly and coarsely granulose. Scutellum finely corrugate. Hemelytra pale fusco-fuliginous, the membrane nearly pallid, the veins all marked with fuscous in series of punctures upon either side ; corium rather shorter than in the preceding species. Length of body, 8.65"'° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5°"° ; abdomen, 3.5°"° ; length of antennae, 3.5"". Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 6370, 8740, 9532. 3. Phthinocoris langdidus. PI. 27, Fig. 6. The smallest of the species. Head rounded, of about equal length and breadth, the eyes only moderately large, globular, the surface of the head finely granulate. Antennae slender but short, not half the length of the body, black like the head ; indeed the whole body is black. Thorax just about as long as the head, more coarsely granulate than it, more than twice as broad as long, the sides tapering but regularly rounded. Corium of 416 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. hemelytra rather heavily but not very deeply punctate, the punctse distrib- uted only in part in longitudinal series and not confined to the veins ; the corium about as long as in the preceding species, or rather shorter ; not so short as represented in the figure, but extending as far as the membrane is there represented. Legs short but slender. Length of body, 6.65°"° ; of antennse,2.25°"° ; breadth of thorax, 2 25°"° Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 9451 and 10961, 10613, 12256. 4. Phthinocoris petr.sus. This species is represented by specimens less well preserved than the others, but differs from them all in its much larger size and in the structure of the thorax. The head is distinctly broader than long, more than half as broad as the thorax, distantly and very finely granulate ; the basal joint of the antennae is pretty stout, but very short and but little surpasses the front of the head. The thorax is twice as broad as long, the sides tapering rapidly but full, the surface coarsely and very distantly granulate ; the whole body is black or blackish fuscous with faint signs, in some instances at least, of a broad belt of lighter color across the body including in its anterior half the scutellum. Corium of hemelytra marked by coarse distant granulations following the veins ; it extends to no great distance before the tip of the abdomen. Length of body, 9.5°'"; breadth of thorax, S.l"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 7769, 9999, 10366, 11766. 4. PIEZOCORIS, gen. nov. (Trta^co, x6pt?). A genus of Coreina peculiar for the large size of the head ; this is fully one-half, sometimes two-thirds, the width of the thorax, subtriangular in form and well rounded, rather broader than long, the front rectangular, produced in front of the eyes ; the latter are rounded, prominent, the intraocular space being as broad as half the length of the head. Antennae much as in Phthin- ocoris, the basal joint moderately stout, cylindrical, less than one-half as long as the head, the remaining joints subequal, the second and third slen- der, about half as broad as the basal, the last inci'assated, subfusiform, nearly as stout as the basal. Thorax fully as long as the head, tapering, the apical margin more than half as long as the basal. The hemelytra of the HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— COREID.E, 417 ordinary structure. The legs rather short, slender, the hind femora scarcely so long as the width of the abdomen. Three species ?re Ivnown. Table of the species of Piezocoris. No distinct dark spot near apex of coriiim ; eyes large. Apical luargiu of thorax more than half as long as the basal 1. P. perilus. Apical niarfjin of thorax less than half as long as the basal 2. F. compaclilis. A distinct dark spot near the apex of corium ; eyes small 3. P. peremptus. 1. Piezocoris peritus. PI. 25, Pig. 15. The wliole body fusco-fuliginous, tinged more or less with blackish fuscous. Head faintly granulate, excepting next the base, where it is more distinct. Thorax very coarsely and very distantly granulate, the sides nearly straight, the apical margin fointly and roundly emarginate and nearly two-thirds as long as the basal ; scutellum like the thorax. Corium of heme- lytra very coarsely punctate, especially next the base, reaching very near the extremity of the abdomen, which the membrane considerably surpasses. Legs short, the femora subequal, faintly punctate. Length of body, 7.5"""; breadth of thorax, 2.8°"": length of antennae, 4"""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 10956. - 2. Piezocoris compactilis. Whole body black. Head apparently smooth. First joint of antennae surpassing a little the front of the projecting snout ; second and third joints of the antennas a little pallid. Thorax coarsely but not prominently and rather distantly granulate, the apical margin broadly and roundly emargi- nate, a little more than half as long as the basal, the sides rapidly tapering with slight fullness. Abdomen rather slender and long. Length of body, T-S™""; breadth of thorax, 2.75°'"; lengthof antennse,4'"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 5731. 3. Piezocoris! peremptus. PI. 20, Fig. 14. Body blackish fuscous, mottled with pallid, especially upon the abdo- men. Head smooth excepting on its posterior border, where it is coarsely VOL xiii 27 418 TERTIAllY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. fi^rauulate ; eyes very small, globular. Thorax very coarsely and distantly granulate, perhaps a little longer than the head and certainly broader than long. Hemelytra scarcely showing any veins in tlie corium, which is pale fuliginous, edged with dark fuscous, and with a large round fuscous spot just before the middle of the membranal margin ; the membranal margin itself infuscated at its two extremities ; membrane more deeply fuscous, especially toward the base and on either side, with numerous veins arising from a transverse vein following the membranal margin ; the extremity of the corium is far before that of the abdomen, which is barely covered by the membrane. Length of body, 9.65"™ ; breadth, at least 3""°. This species, being preserved only upon a side view, can not be defi- nitely referred to this genus ; but as it agrees better with it than with any of the others and does not furnish character's sufficient for clear generic separation I have preferred to leave it in this place. Florissant. One specimen, No. 5633. Subfamily ALYDIN^E Distant. Although when compared to the other Coreidse, this subfamily is to-day but poorly represented in America, whether in temperate or tropical regions, this was not the case in Tertiary times, for it was fairly well furnished with genera and species, and as for numbers in individuals no group of Heter- optera could compare with it. Most of the eight genera are " extinct types and belong to the division of Micrelytraria in the immediate vicinity of Pro- tenor and Dai'mistus, with slender and unarmed hind femora, but also, as a general rule, with distinctly though delicately and profusely spined hind tibiae. One genus, Rhepocoris, contains the bulk of all, and of the four or five species belonging to it nearly all the specimens obtained belong to two closely allied forms, possibly to be regarded as only one. In Europe but three fossil Alj^dina? have Ijcen recognized, and these have all been referred to the division Alydaria. One from the brown coal of the Rhine is irrecog- nizable at present, but was referred by Germar to Alydus ; a second from Oeningen is a true Alydus ; and a third, also from Oeningen but unde- scribed, was compared by Heer to Alydus lateralis, now placed in the neighboring genus Camptopus. HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTEEA-COEEID.E. 419 Tahlc of the genera of fossil Alijdinw. Hind femora spined beneath 1. Cacalydm. Hind femora unarmed. Posterior lateral angles of thorax produced as a spine 2. Ci/damus. Posterior lateral angles of tborax not produced. Thorax scarcely narrower at apex tlian at base 3. Parodarmistus. Thorax distinctly tapering from base to apex. First joint of antenna3 no longer than the head. Head distinctly longer than the thorax ; first joint of antennie (at least in Protenor) as long as the head. Body slender; thorax tapering gently, of about equal length aud breadth. 4. Protenor. Body robust; thorax tapering rapidly, twice as broad as long 5. Tenor. Head and thorax suboqiial in length ; first joint of autenuio shorter than the head. Second joint of autennie much longer than either of the others 6. Elirocoris. Second, third, and fourth joints of anteuua) subequal 7. Bliepocoris. First joint of antenuie much longer than the head 8. Orthriocoriaa. 1. CACALYDUS gen. nov. {uaxo?, Alydus, nom. gen.). Nearly allied to Alydus but differing from it in the structure of the antennfe, which are distinctly shorter than the body; the first joint about as long as the head, the other three subequal, the terminal joint incrassated gently, but no longer or scarcely longer than the second and third. The head is more than half as broad as the thorax, subquadrate or subrotund, of about equal length and breadth; the eyes not very strongly prominent. The body is elongate, subequal, the thorax tapering forward to a greater or less degree. The legs moderately stout, the hind femora strongly incras- sated, and on the outer half of their inferior surface armed more or less dis- tinctly with spines. These, unfortunately, are not shown in the drawings of either of the species. Table of the species of Cacalydiis. Species of large size (more than eleven millimeters long); head scarcely constricted behind the eyes. 1. ('. lapsus. Species of moderate size (less than nine millimeters long); head strongly constricted behind the eyes. 2. C. exsiirpatus. 1. Cacalydus lapsus. PI. 25, Fig. 12. A large species, of which unfortunately but a single specimen is at hand. Intraocular space of the head scarcely equaling one-half the widtli of the head, the surface rather coarsely, faintly, and transversely corrugate, not constricted in the least behind the eyes, so that there is no neck at the junction of the head and thoi'ax. Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, tapering but gently, the surface nearly smooth. Fore 420 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. femora with a median longitudinal carina, not very prominent, middle and hind femora much enlarged, the hind pair with delicate spines on only the apical half of the inferior surface. Length, 12.4°""; breadth of thorax, 2.3""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 1.508 of the Princeton Collection. 2. Cacalydus exstirpatus. PI. 25, Fig. 3. Head subrotund, of about equal length and breadth, distinctly con- , stricted behind the eyes so as to form with the rapidly tapering thorax a distinct neck ; intraocular part of the head three-fourths the width of the whole ; the surface coarsely granulate. Thorax trapezoidal, fully one-third as broad again at base as at apex, not ver}^ coarsely granulose. Legs rather slender, the middle femora agreeing better with the fore femora than with the hind ; the hind femora much swollen, armed on the inferior sur- face at and a little beyond the middle with six or seven large, coarse, irregu- lar, flattened, spinous denticulations ; the basal third of the same femora lighter colored than the rest of the femur. Length of body, 7.25 "" ; breadth of thorax, 2"^". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 6628, 10709, 12102, 13311. 2. CYDAMUS Stal. This genus comprises, as far as known, only four or five tropical and subtropical American species. The one which we here add from Florissant can be placed here only provisionally, as it does not agree in many striking features with the modern forms. In particular the body is more robust, not slender and elongate, as in the modern types. With this exception, it has never been recog^nized in a fossil state. "O Cydamus robustus. PI. 26, Fig. 3. Head and thorax similarly, delicately, and equably granulate, unless the orranulations are coarser next the base of the thorax. Thorax a little shorter than broad, tapering rather rapidly to the apex, which is not so broad as the head, the eyes included, but broader than the intraocular part of the head; outer posterior angles produced to a long, tapering spine HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEEA— COEEID.E. 421 directed equally backward and outward, not pi-operly represented on the plate; the lunder margin slopes backward to aid In forming the spine, immediately the limits of the scutellum are past. On the scutellum the granulations become more or less transverse corrugations, especially toward the apex, but I can detect no scutellar spine. Hemelytra extending a little beyond the abdomen, with the corium and clavus dark brownish fuliginous, rather distantly punctate with white in linear rows ; membrane very pale fuliginous, pallid next the a})ex of the corium. Length of body, not including the hemelytra, 5.75"" ; hemelytra, 4.5""° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7856. 3. PARODARMISTUS gen. nov. (Trdpo?, Darmistus, nom. gen.). Related to Darmistus St8,l, but differing from it in the length of the last antennal joint, which is no longer than either of the two preceding ; the antennae are scarcely more than half as long as the body ; the basal joint is moderately stout, short, projecting but little beyond the front of the head, the remaining joints subequal, the last very gently and slightly incrassated, but not longer than the second, rarely longer than the third and then but slightly. Head and thorax of subequal length, the head rounded or subquadrate, of about equal length and breadth ; the thorax subquadrate, scarcely narrower at ai)ex than at base, yet never longer than broad. Hemelytra just reaching the end of the abdomen, the two principal veins of the membrane forming a median loop, its apex just before the center of the membrane, and from which radiate at tolerably regular dis- tances six or seven equal or subequal forks. Hind femora slender and smooth, hind tibias delicately spinous. Six species occur in the Tertiary shales of America, all from Floris- sant. Tabu of the species of Parodarmiatus. Thorax about equally granulate throughout. Hind femora twice as long as the width of the thoras 1. P. ahscissua. Hind feniora less than half as long again as the width of the thorax 2. P. cndiicus. Thorax with the posterior lobe very distinctly more coarsely granulate than the anterior. Thorax scarcely broader than long ...3. P. colliaus. Thorax considerably broader than long. Thorax about half as broad again as long. Eyes of moderate size, not prominent ; head and thorax subequal in length ..4. P. defectus. Eyes very large and prominent ; head considerably longer than the thorax. 6. P. exanimaiua. Thorax twice as broad again as long 6. P. inhibitua. 422 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Paeodakmistus abscissus. Body much elongated and slender. Head slightly longer than broad, broadest at the posterior margin of the eyes, behind which the head is somewhat strongly contracted ; eyes pretty large, not very prominent. Antennae a little more than half as long as the body, very slender ; surface of head not very coarsely but very considerably granulate, with a tend- ency toward a transverse disposition of the granules. Thorax subquad- rate, scarcely narrower apically than basally, at the. apex as broad as tlie head, including the eyes; the lateral angles of the front somewhat rounded ; surface like that of the head granulate, equally fine throughout, with no distinction between the anterior and posterior portions. Hind femora very long, gradually enlarging from base to apex, but scarcely stouter at the broadest than the middle femora, almost as long as the antennae. Head and thorax j^iceous, legs dusky fuliginous. Length of body, 7.25"'" ; Jiind femora, 3.25"'° ; breadth of thorax, 1.5°"° ; abdomen, 2.2'"'°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 12100. 2. Parodarmistus caducus. Body slender but not greatly elongated ; liead of about equal length and breadth, the front well rounded between the antennae, constricted behind the eyes, which are moderately large, not very prominent. Antennae about half as long as the body, or a little more than that, moderately slender, the second and third joints a little larger apically than at the base, the last joint gently incrassated and fusiform. Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long, like the head granulate equally throughout, with no distinction between the anterior and posterior portions. All the femora subequal, the hind femora very much shorter than the antennae. Head and thorax pice- ous, legs fusco-fuliginous. Length of body, 6"°™ ; breadth of thorax, l.e-""" ; abdomen, 1.75'°'° ; length of hind femora, 2.5"°". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1432, 3358. 3. Parodarmistus collisus. PI. 25, Fig. 13. Head quadrate, the front transverse, scarcely advanced between the antennae ; of nearly equal breadth throughout, not constricted behind the HEMIPTEIIA— UETEEOPTEEA— COKEID^. 423 eyes, which are moderately large and very prominent ; surface delicately granulate. Thorax scarcely broader than long, subquadrate, at the apex of the same width as the head, the lateral angles rectangular, the posterior lobe coarsely, the anterior lobe scarcely, granulate. Ilemelytra reaching the extremity of the abdomen ; corium and clavus blackish fuliginous, with the sutura clavi marked by a broad pallid stripe which broadens at the costal margin to a large triangular spot ; membrane pale fuliginous, the veins infuscated, a moderately large, trapezoidal, pallid spot next the apex of the corium. Legs dark fuliginous, uniform. Length of body, 7.5°""; breadth of thorax, 1.8°"°; abdomen, 2.7""'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 12778. 4. Parodaemistus defectus. Head subquadrangular, slightly longer than broad, about as long as the thorax, the sides straight, the front broadly angulate, surface delicately granulate, eyes rather small, not very prominent. Antennae rather more than half as long as the body, slender, the last joint delicately incrassated and fusiform. Thorax trapezoidal, tapering slightly from base to apex, the apex being about two-thirds as long as the base, the whole about half as broad again as long, the apex about as broad as the intraocular part of the head, the apical margin slightly and gently emarginate ; the surface of the anterior lobe nearly smooth, of the posterior coarsely granulate like the scutellum ; veins of the corium of the hemelytra coarsely granulate. Head and thorax blackish fuscous, the anterior lobe of the thorax a little lighter ; the legs fusco-fuliginous. Length of body, 7.5"°' ; breadth of thorax, 2'°"'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 5121, 9428, 9941. 5. Pakodaemistus exanimatus. Head rounded, except for the eyes broadest at the posterior edge of the eyes, behind which it is somewhat constricted, rather longer than broad, longer than the thorax, considerably and roundly produced in front of the eyes ; eyes large and prominent ; surface granulate ; antennae considerably more than half as long as the body. Thorax about half as bi'oad again as long, shorter than the head, coarsely granulate posteriorly, delicately granu- late anteriorly, the sides somewhat full ; scutellum coarsely granulate. 424 TERTIAEY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Coriuni of liemelytra distantly and coarsely punctate along the veins. Head and thorax blackish fuscous ; the legs very dark testaceous. Length of body, 5.7"°" ; breadth of thorax, 1.3'°°'. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 772, 4639, 5114, and perhaps 7926. 6. Parodarmistus inhibitus. Head very large, transverse, roundly, angulate in front, but neverthe- less distinctly longer than broad, not contracted behind the eyes, which are very large but not very prominent ; surface granulate throughout ;" the antennae considerably more tlian half as long as the body. Thorax quad- rangular, transvei'se, about twice as long as broad, scarcely tapering ante- riorly, both base and apex truncate, the whole surface granulate, but nuich more coarsely behind than in front. Head, thorax, and scutellum black ; abdomen blackish fuscous, together with most of the corium of the lieme- lytra ; the membrane fuliginous with a pallid area at the apex of the corium, the veins marked in fuscous ; legs blackish fuscous. Length of body, 6.S""" ; breadth of thorax, LS-"-". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5829, 8356. 4. PROTENOR Stai. This genus, of which only two species are known, one from the cen- tral Western States, the other from Central America, is represented at Flor- issant by a single species, which seems to agree tolerably well generically with these. It is to be noticed, however, that, as frequently seems to be the case with fossil forms, the antennaj are distinctly shorter than in the exist- ing types, and that the fossil species agrees better in the structure of the head and in general size with the Central American than with the Hlinois species; it is much smaller and stouter than the Illinois species. Protenor imbecillis. PI. 26, Fig. S. The head of the single specimen known is somewhat obscure, but is half as long again as broad, with straight and parallel sides and rather bluntly angulate front, the portion in front of the antennae being equian- gular; the whole considerably longer than the thorax, and not constricted HEMIPTERA— IIETEROPTEKA— COREID^. 425 posteriorly, being as broad at the base as the apex of the thorax ; antennae distinctly shorter than the body, the first joint nearly as long as the head, and scarcely, if at all, shorter than the second or third joint, the fourth joint gently incrassated, but scarcely broader than the others and slightly the longest. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely longer than broad, gently narrowing from base to apex, the apex being five-sixths the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate, especially posteriorly. Hemelytra faintly punctate in linear series. Legs long and very slender. Length, 8.25""; breadth of base of thorax, 1.5°""; length of hind femora, 3 5""°. Florissant. One specimen. No. 1039L 5. TENOR gen. nov. (rei'va)). Body robust ; head subrotund, of about equal length and breadth, th(? eyes centrally situated, small, globular, the front between them broadly rounded but much advanced, behind the eyes constricted. Thorax several times broader than long, not more than half as long as the head, strongly tapering, the apex as broad as the intraocular part of the head. Abdomen tolerably full. Hind femora remarkably slender, scarcely longer than the width of the bod}'-. A single species is known. Tenor spelunc^. Head uniform and coai-sely punctate. Thorax similar but even more coarse, uniform throughout ; behind the prothorax the body is nearly twice as broad as the head ; whole body blackish fuscous ; the legs testaceous. Unfortunately the antennae are not present, and the hemelytra are too obscure to say more than that thecorium and clavus are rather finely punc- tate linearly. Length of body, 7™" ; breadth of head, 1.5""° ; base of thorax, 2.6"°' ; abdomen, 2.8""°. Florissant. One specimen. No. 10227. 6. ETIROCORIS gen. nov. (re/poo, xopi?). Head narrow, long, and slender, the front between the antennae greatly prolonged, so as to reach beyond the apex of the first antennal joint ; the antennae form the most remarkable feature ; the first joint is moderately 426 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. stout, and does not attain the extremity of the head, but this is only on account of the great prolongation of the same ; the second joint is of extra- ordinary length, being about two and a half times longer than the basal joint, half as long again as the elongated head, and slightly longer than the remaining joints together ; these ai'e subequal, and all the joints are moder- ately slender, the last slightly incrassated if at all, and bluntly rounded at the apex. Thorax shorter than the head and rapidly tapering, so that the apex is only half as long as the base. Abdomen rather stout with {parallel sides. Legs unknown. A single species is known. Etirocoris infernalis. PI. 26, Fig. 16. The whole body blackish fuscous, including the antennae ; surface of the head punctate, like the thorax ; these two parts about equal in length. Veins of the corium punctate. Length of body, 7.25°"°; breadth of thorax, 3.1'°°' ; length of antennae, 6.3°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 9253. 7. RHEPOCORIS gen. nov. (peTrco, xdpi?). This is the commonest form of the Alydinae in Florissant, and is a genus of the Micrelytraria, with unarmed thorax and scutellum and tapering tho- rax, but is remarkable for its spinous hind tibiae, as well as for the characteris- tics of the antennae, by which it is clearly separated from any modern types. The head is well rounded, of about equal length and breadtli as viewed from above. The antennae have a stout basal joint not half so long as the head, the three succeeding joints subequal, slender, the last gently incrassated and fusiform, corresponding in this respect with the bulk of fossil Alydinae. The thorax is trapezoidal, perhaps a little longer than broad, and tapers with straight sides, not in the least full, to the head, forming a slight collar. The legs are moderately stout, the hind femora considerably longer than the others and scarcely stouter, the hind tibiae delicately but profusely spined throughout. Five species occur at Florissant. HEMIPTERA— nETEROPTERA— COREID.E. 427 Table of the species of Bhepocoris. Head longer than broad ; hind legs long and slender. Larger and stouter species, more than 8™™ long; thorax shorter than the head 1. B. pr(etectus. Smaller and slenderer species, less than 8""" long; thoras as long as the head 2. M. macrescens. Head broader than long ; hind legs less long. Largest species, usually about 8"™ long 3. R. prwvalens. Medium sized species, usually about 6™™ long 4. II. propinijuans. Smallest species, usually about 4.6°"" long 5. B. minima. 1. RhEPOCOEIS PR.STECTUS. Head one-fourth longer than broad, hardly constricted behind the eyes ; surface rather coarsely granulate with a tendency to a transverse arrange- ment. The thorax considerably shorter than the head and broader than long, the apical margin more than three-fourths as long as the basal margin ; the surface coarsely granulate. Hind legs exceptionally long, the femora being nearly half as long as the body. Length of body, 6 6"™; breadth of thorax, 1.4""°; length of hind femora, 3.2°"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 9756, 10645. 2. Rhepocoris macrescens. Head subpentagonal, broadest in advance of the middle except for the eyes, from this point tapering gently backward ; the front triangular, rounded ; surface rather finely granulate, the antennae scarcely more than half as long as the body. Thorax as long as the head and slightly broader than long, tapering regularly from base to ajDex, the apical margin being about two- thirds as long as the basal margin ; the surface finely granulate in front, coarsely behind. Whole body blackish, hemelytra blackish fuscous, the membrane infumated with a large triangular pallid patch at the apex of the corium. Legs blackish fuliginous. The hind femora less than half as long as the body. Length of body, 8.5""° ; breadth of thorax, 2.5"'"' ; length of hind femora, 3.4""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 2158. 3. Rhepocoris pr^sivalens. PI. 25, Figs. 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16; PI. 26, Fig. 11. Head rounded, scarcely longer than broad, uniformly and rather finely granulate, the granulations on the under surface of the head showing a tend- 428 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ency to a transverse arrangement into corrugations. Antennae more than half as long as the body, slender, and pale, the whole body being black or blackish fuscous. Thorax trapezoidal, broader than long, as long as the head, tapering regularly and considerably in front, the apical margin being about three-fourths the length of the base ; surface coarsely granulate. Hemely tra with the corium and clavus blackish fuliginous, the former just 'before the middle with a large triangular pallid spot on the costal margin sending from its apex a curved pallid shoot to the membranal margin ; membrane pale fuliginous with a large trapezoidal pallid spot next the apex of the corium oil the costal margin ; veins marked in fuscous. Legs dark fuliginous, tlie hind pair very slender, the hind femora nearly as long as the abdomen, the hind tibiae delicately and profusely spinous. Length, 6.5-8.5°"° ; average about S"". This is the commonest of the heteropterous insects of Florissant. Florissant. About one hundred and fifty specimens, of which some of the best are Nos. 2431, 3257, 5669, 7102, 8374, 9045, 9170, 11211, 11217, 12081, 12087, and of the Princeton collection, 1.335 and 1.712. 4. Rhepocoris propinquans. PI. 25, Fig. 1 ; PI. 26, Fig. 13. In studying the species of Rhepocoris I discovered that they were naturally subdivided into three groups according to their size, and that it was not often that there was any doubt into which of the three groups any given individual would fall. I have accordingly separated the present species from those on either side of it, though I can give no characters at all except those of size. In a few instances there may be doubt into which of the two species, this and the preceding, any given individual may fall, inasmuch as the range of form comes close together, and it may be that these two should be considered as one and the same species. But I have thought it best under the circumstances, and in the hope of being able by more careful study to separate the forms on other characteristics than that of mere size, to keep the two apart, at least provisionally. In each of these two forms the individuals may be separated as slenderer and stouter, which I regard as probably the two sexes, as they seem to differ in no other constant char- acter that can be seen in their state of preservation. HEMIPTEEA— HETBROPTBRA— COREIDyE. 429 111 the present species the length varies from 5.5 to 6.5""", the average being about G""". Florissant. About eighty specimens, of which some of the best pre- served are Nos. 5002, 6652, 6980, 8467, 9276, 9585, 10033, 10263, 11015, 11212, 13307. 6. Rhepocoris minima. See the proceeding sjiecies for some remarks on this. This small spe- cies appears to be also relatively rather stouter than the others, but other- wise it can hardly be said to differ in any characters which may be seized u^jon. It does not appear, however, that the liemelytra are so distinctly marked as appears to be ordinarily the case in the others, and this, when better specimens are found, may serve more readily to distinguish it from them. Length, 4.5-5.5™" ; the breadth can not be readily given as all the specimens are preserved upon their side. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3854, 6029, 11755, 11763. 8. ORTHRIOCORISA gen. nov. (SpOpw?, }c6pi?). An elegant genus of Micrelytraria, not far removed from Darmistus Stal and apparently near Acestra Dall, from which it differs totally in the form of the front of the head. It is long and slender in form. Head well rounded, a little elongate, the front scarcely produced in advance of the antennae, rounded, or perhaps a little angulate ; eyes moderately small, seated in the middle of the sides of the head ; antennae very long and slender, the first much longer than the head, nearly or quite as long as the thorax, slender on the basal half, gently incrassate and subfusiform on the apical half; the second and third joints are exceedingly slender, the third as long as the first and slightly enlarged at the extreme truncate tip, the second a little shorter ; unfortunately the fourth joint is not preserved ; if as long as the third joint the whole would be still considerably shorter than the body and a little shorter than the hind femora and tibise together. Thorax considerably longer than the head, tapering toward the apex with no lateral spines. Legs long and very slender, the hind femora scarcely incrassated and both they and the tibiae totally unarmed, the femora longer than the tibiae, the latter about as long as head and thorax together ; the length of the first tarsal joint about equals that of the other two together. A single species is known. 430 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. OkTHRIOCORISA L0N6IPES. PI. 26, Fig. 1. A single remarkably well preserved specimen lies upon its side on a very fragile sheet of shale. The general color is a dark, sometimes, and especially on the less solid parts, a light, testaceous. The head seems to be smooth except for here and there a small granule ; the rostrum shows only the central black needle which reaches the mesostethium. The thorax is rather heavily and pretty closely punctate, and the corium of the hemelytra similarly punctate in serial rows along the course of the veins. The state of preservation is poorer posteriorly, so that the length of the abdomen can not be accurately told, but it appears to extend beyond the reach of the hind femora. Length of body (partly estimated), 11™™ ; basal joint of antennse, 2°"° ; hind femora, 4.75°"". Florissant. One sijecimen. No. 8604. Subfamily PSEUDOPHLCEINA Stal. This rather limited subfamily is much better developed in the Old than the New World. In the United States but a couple of genera occur, each with a single species, and, in the Biologia Centrali Americana, Distant records but three genera, each with a single species. Yet, although never detected in the European rocks, Florissant yields an extinct genus allied to one found in Central America, and it is well represented there, as will be seen immediately below. HEERIA gen. nov. Allied to Arenocoris but with second and third antennal joints subequal. Of our native forms it approaches nearest to Scolopocerus Uhl., if the Mex- ican species described by Distant be included therein, but the structure of the antennae again is different. The body is of a more or less oval shape, the broader end posterior. Head moderately small, rounded, of about equal length and breadth, the front between the antennae never greatly, sometimes scarcely, advanced ; antennae not more than half as long as the body, the basal joint stout, cylindrical, about as long as the head, the second and third joints subequal, long, slender, and sometimes. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA-COREIDiE. 431 especially the third, enlarging apically where truncate ; last joint long oval, scarcely moie than one-third as long as the third, nearly or quite as stout as the basal. Thorax trapezoidal, the apical margin of the breadth of the head, the basal fully half as broad again, the sides more or less rounded. Hemelytra large, covering the abdomen, except possibly the sides in the broadest species, the corium reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen. All the species have heavily granulate thorax, the last joint of the antennaj more or less granulate, and the corium of hemelytra coarsely punctate. The genus is named in memory of Oswald Heer, of Switzerland, the principal student of fossil msects in the last generation. Three species are known, all from Florissant. TaMe of the species of Heeria. Head broadly rounded between the antenna. Body ample, much less than twice as long as broad 1. H. gulosa. Body less ample, twice as long as broad 'i. H. Japidosa. Head angularly produced between the antennie 3. B.fceda, 1. Heeria gulosa. PI. 27, Figs. 5, 12, 18 ; PL 28, Fig. 17. Whole body tolerably uniform blackish fuscous, the lateral incisures of the abdomen paler. Head, whole of first, apical extremity of second and third, and basal two-thirds of fourth joint of antennae finely granulate, these parts in the antennse blackish, the other parts of the middle joints of the antennas pale testaceous and faintly granulate, the apical third of the fourth joint smooth and blackish fuliginous ; front of head between the antenna} broadly rounded, scarcely advanced, not at all angulate. Thorax heavily granulate, almost twice as broad on the basal as on the apical margin, and fully twice as broad as long. Hemelytra with the corium heavily and irregularly punctate. Abdomen broad and full, about half as broad again as the base of the thorax. Length of body, 9.15"""' ; antennse, 4.8"™ ; breadth of base of thorax, S.SS"" ; middle of abdomen, 5™"". Florissant. Seven specimens, Nos. 789, 1977, 4269, 6151, 11773, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.560 and 1.802, 1.831. 432 TERTIAllY INSECTS OP NOKTH AMERICA. 2. Heeria lapidosa. ■ PI. 27, Fijis. 3, 19. In color this species entirely resembles the preceding both as to body and antenn?e. The head and fii-st joint of antennae are here as coarsely granulate as the thorax, while the other joints of the antennae resemble tliose of tlie last species ; the front of the head is as there. The thorax is perhaps a trifle longer than in H. gulosa and has straighter sides, but other- wise does not differ. The hemelytra are similarly punctate. The, main difference is to be found in the abdomen, wliich, though full, is not nearly so full as in the preceding species, the breadth being scarcely half the length of the body. Length of body, 8.5°"° ; antennae, 4.5°"° ; breadth at base of thorax, 3.25™™ ; at middle of abdomen, 4°'°'. Florissant. Eleven specimens, Nos. 1648, 1884, 3767, 4617, 5703, 5965, 8949, 12241, 14179 and 14197, and of the Princeton Collection, 1.804, 1.817. 3. Heeria fceda. In color like the other species. Head scarcely granulate, the front between the antennae advanced angularly by half the length of the first antennal joint to less than a right angle, the angle rounded. Antennae throiighout sl-enderer than in the other species, and shorter, scarcely in the least granulate anywhere. Thorax coarsely granulate, the base a third longer than the apex, less than twice as broad as long. Hemelytra rather distantly punctate. Abdomen much as in H. lapidosa. Length of body, 8°"° ; antennae, 3.25"°™ ; breadth at base of thorax, 2.7°"° ; at middle of abdomen, 4°'°'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. 3097, 7874, 7274, Subfamily CORIZIDA Mayr. A few fossil forms have been referred to this group, not very abundant in species at the present day. The most prolific genus in eitlier Old or New World is Corizus, to which all the four species from the American Tertiaries described below are referred. The only described European form is one from Oeningen referred by Heer to an extinct genus, Harmos- tites ; Corizus, however, is said to occur at Aix, but, as I shall point out below, its reference here is doubtful. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— COREIDJ;;. 433 CORIZUS Falle'n. Two fossil species have already been referred to this genus, both from Aix. One, however, as shown by Heer, belong-s rather with Pacliynierus, and the other is merely indicated as being half the size of Theraplia liyoscyami of Europe. In America the genus is best developed witliin the tropics, but has abundant representatives in the United States. Three of the Florissant Heteroptera appear to fall within its limits, and a Grreen River species, which I formerly took for a Reduvius, appears also to belong here. Table of the species of Corizus. Without an iuterrupted series of lateral spots. Smaller forms, not exceeding live millimeters in length 1. C. cetatiis. Larger forms, exceeding six millimeters in length. Body relatively stout, about three times as long as broad 2. C. ahijilinis. Body relatively slender, nearly four times as long as broad 3. C. somniirniis, Au interrupted series of lateral spots 4. C. giillaliis. 1. CORIZUS CELATUS. PI. 27, Fig. 15. Head a little broader than long, with the eyes a little broader than the apex of the thorax, subtriangular, the front angularly produced between the anteniiEE, the basal joint of which seems barely to surpass the apex of the front ; the remaining joints slender. Thorax half as broad again as long, tapering forward with slightly ampliated sides, the front margin gently and broadly emarginate, scarcely more than half as long as the base, the surface densel}" and sharply punctate, and a faint sign of a median sulcation. Corium of hemelytra reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen, clear excepting along the finely punctate principal veins and near the outer apex, which is wholly clouded. Abdomen dark, with broad premarginal pale lateral bands. Length, 5""" ; breadth of thorax, 1,9™"'. Florissant. Three specimens, Nos. IDo'J, C)36d, 14205. 2. CORIZUS ABDITIVUS. PI. 25, Fig. 5 ; PI. 26, Fig. 4. Body relatively stout, about tliree times as long as broad, the head rounded, hardly subtriangular, considerably broader than the apex of tlie thorax, the front roundly produced between the antennae, the basal joint of VOL XIII 28 434 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. which considerably surpasses the apex of the front ; the second and third joints of antennae of equal diameter and very slender, the last joint a little incrassated ; surface of head densely and finel}^ punctate. Thorax trape- zoidal, narrowing rapidly, punctate like the head. Hemelytra more coarsely punctate along the veins of the corium, which reaches barely beyond the middle of the abdomen and is infuscated, while the membrane is nearly clear. Abdomen oval, the sides slightly ampliated. The figure on Plate 26 poorly represents the species. Length, 7.3°"°; antenna?, 4.1°™; breadth of thorax, 2°""; abdomen, 2.65"'"\ Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 3247, 5715, 8544, 14207. 3. CoRIZUS SOMNURNUS. Body very slender, being nearly four times as long as broad, the sides parallel. Head rounded, subtriangular, scarcely broader than the apex of the thorax, fully as long as broad, the surface punctate. The antennae very long and slender, the first joint clearly surpassing the apex of the front. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, tapering gently, with scarcely ampliated sides, the front margin broadly, roundly, and deeply emarginate, the apex fully two-thirds as long as the base ; surface punctate. Hemelytra as in the preceding species, but the membrane distinctly infu- mated. Legs long and slender, the hind femora with a very slight posterior fringe of minute short denticulations, on which account one would be inclined to place it in Harmostes, but the denticulations do not take on the form of spines, but are more like serrations. Length, including the closed hemelytra, 5.5°™ ; antennae, 4"™ ; hind femora, 2.4°'°'; breadtli of body, 1.8°'°'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 14193. 4. CORIZUS GUTTATUS. PI. 7, Fig. 11. Reduvius? giiltiitiis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 771 (1878). Two specimens of this species have been found, one with reverse, by Mr. Richardson, the other by myself. Mr. Richardson's specimen is very obscure and distorted, and without the aid of the other could not have been determined. The insect probably belongs to Corizus, or at all events falls in its immediate vicinity. All parts are rather obscure, but the head evi- HEMIPTEKA— HETEliOPTEKA— PENTATOMID^. 435 dently tapers and is roundly pointed in front, the thorax narrows gently from behind forward, and is nearly as long as broad ; the scutellum is rather small, triangulai-, the apex bent at a right angle and rounded. The abdomen is ovate, twice as long as broad. The species is marked with i-ound, dark spots, about O.^""™ in diameter, on either side, one at the outer edge of the front of each abdominal segment, and one in the middle of either transverse half of the thorax, a little removed from the outer border ; the anterior ones half-way between the border and the middle line. The whole surface appears to be very minutely granulated. The tegmina can not be seen. Length of body, 5.5'""; breadth of thorax, 1.4"""; of abdomen, 1.65""". From its form I formerly referred the insect doubtfully to Reduvius, but its size alone would preclude such a reference. Green River, W}-oming. Two specimens, Nos. 9" and 96*" (F. C. A. Richardson), 4070 (S. H. Scudder). Family PENTATOMID^C Stephens. This family has always held the first place among Heteroptera in Ter- tiary deposits, but with the publication of this volume its place is disputed by the Lygjrida\ This is due not oidy, though principally, to the excep- tional abundance of the Lyg^eidaj at Florissant, but also to the rather meager proportion of the Pentatomida, as will appear below. In European deposits only a single species is known from amber, while fiftv liave been exhumed from the rock deposits. They represent onl}- four of the nine subfamilies, and the great majority belong to the two subfamilies Cydnida and Penta- tomida, the former with sixteen species referred to four genera, the latter with twenty-five species referred to six genera The other subfamilies rep- resented are the Scutellerina with five species of two genera, Pachycoris and Tet)'ra, both at Oeningen, and the Acanthosomina with four species of two genera, Acanthosoma and Phkx'ocoris, both at Radoboj. Besides these a Pentatoma is reported from Greenland and a Cydnus from New South Wales. The American forms here brought to notice represent only the sub- families Cydnida and Pentatomida, but in reverse proportion to what appears in Europe, the Cydnida l)eiug very well represented by twenty-four species of six genera, nearly all of them bv a number of individuals, and one by a great many, the Pentatomida on the contrary b}' only thirteen species of 436 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NOJtTH AMERICA. ten genera, and of each of these species more than a single example has rarely been fonnd. While therefore the prevalent subfamilies are the same on the two continents, one has scarcely half as many representatives in America as in Europe, while the other has half as many more. A very striking peculiarity is found in the American Pentatomidai' as a whole, whether Cydnida or Pentatomida. In living forms the vast majority have a long scutellum reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, and have the tip produced, forming a j)arallel-sided apical lobe. In tire Ameri- can Tertiary forms, so far as yet known, with only a single exception, no such apical lobe exists, but the scutellum ends with an angular apex, some- times a little rounded, but the sides perfectly straight and confluent at least in the apical half; besides which, or perhaps partly as a consequence, the scutellum does not reach tartlier than, sometimes does not attain, the middle of the abdomen. It has seemed necessary therefore to establish a consid- erable number of new generic groups to embrace tlie.se remarkable forms. To judge from the illustrations given by Heer the same thing would seem to be true of at least a few of the European Tertiary Pentatomida, espe- cially of those from Radoboj, and it would be very desirable to institute direct comparisons between specimens from the two continents. In our general remarks in the introduction to the Ileteroptera we called attention to the close relation which existed l)etween the proportional abundance (in the number of specific forms) of the four principal families of Heteroptera in Tertiary times, and the same in the existing fauna of the self-same region. A further illustration, but even more exaggerated, appears by using the same guides in comparing the relative numbers of the Cydnida and Pentatomida, the only two subfamilies of Pentatomida;' known to exist in our Tertiary deposits and so capable of comparison. In Distant's work the Cydnida number about one-sixth of the total number of Cydnida and Pentatomida; in Uhler's general list, one-seventh; in his western list, one- fourth ; the increasing number thus shown in the region where the fossils occur is vastly exaggerated in their relative representation in the rocks, this being two-thirds the whole. Subfamily CYDNIDA Stal. This subfamily is well represented in the European Tertiaries, and is indicated as occurring also in the Australian Tertiaries. All of the Euro- pean species are from the rocks (none from amber), and most have been HEMIPTEUA— HETEROPTERA— PENTATOMIDJi;. 437 referred to two distinct genera, Cydnopsis with eleven species from Oenin- gen, Radoboj, and Aix, and Neurocoris with two from Radoboj. Cydnus is represented by a species at Oeningen and another at Aix, and Brachy- pelta one at Krottensee. Neither of these extinct generic types occurs in our Tertiaries, where this subfamily is far more prolihc tlian in Europe and far surpasses the Pentatomida. With the exception of a couple of forms, represented each by a single specimen, and which are referred to modern types, Cyrtomenus and Discostoma, all the others are remarkable for differ- ing apparently from nearly all living types and also from the known fossils in the short and accurately triangular scutellum, agreeing in this respect with the Florissant Pentatomida, and, as there, necessitating the establishment of several new generic groups. These, however, are more prolific in species, and the species in individuals, than is the case with the Pentatomida. Tuhle of the i/tnera of Cydnida. Body less than 10 millimeters long. Scutellum triaugular, not produced at the apex, as broad as lon^. Head deeply sunk in the thorax, the depth of the emarginatiou of the thorax embracing it being nearly or quite half its width. Body more than twice as long as broad 1. Stetiopdla. Body less than twice as long as broad 2. I'roci/diiiiK. Head sunk but little in the thorax, almost wholly free. Anterior lateral angles of the thorax rounded, so that the head projects but little beyond the general curve of the body 3. Necrocijdniis. Anterior lateral augles of the thorax prominent, the head out of direct relation to the curve of the body 4. TliJibomenus. Scutellum produced into a lobe at apex, distinctly longer than broad .'). Ci/rlomeiiiis. Body more than 15 millimeters long 6. Uiscosloma. 1. STENOPELTA gen. nov. (gtevc'?, TriXrtj). Body more than twice as long as broad, the sides nearly parallel, with broadly rounded ends, the anterior curve broken by the head, one-half of which is advanced beyond its outline, the other half sunken in the thorax, which is deeply emarginate to receive it; the eyes, which are moderately large, globular, and central, are thus brought to the edge of the thorax ; in front of the eyes the head is rounded with a slight angulation, the whole nearly circular ; the ocelh are large and situated behind and within the eyes. Thorax subquadrangular, about twice as broad as long, the anterior lateral angles prominent Ijut rounded, the basal margin truncate. Scutellum moderate, triangular, with perfectly straight sides, nearly half as broad again as long, reaching less than a third way to the tip of the abdomtMi. 438 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. A single species is known, from Green River, fonnerly referred to Stilus. Stenopelta punctulata. PI. 7, Figs. 12, 13. ^thus punctulattis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 769-770 (1878). I repeat here the original description, although it contains many generic details : Body of nearly equal breadth througliout, the sides of the abdomen a little fuller. Head rounded, small, the part behind the eyes rounded, as deep as the portion in front of them ; front as seen from above, well rounded, well advanced, subangulate ; eyes moderately large ; ocelli large, situated close to, a little behind, and within the eyes, and about one-third their diameter ; surface of head minutely and obscurely granulate. Thorax nearly equal, slightly broadening posteriorly, the anterior angles well rounded, the front border very deeply and roundly excised, the hind border nearly straight ; the whole fully twice as broad as the head and twice as broad as long. Scutellum obscure, but apparently of about equal length and breadth, and regularly triangular. Abdomen well rounded, half as long again as broad. Tegmina obscure or lost in all the specimens seen. Thorax and scutellum minutely granulate, like the head. Posterior half, at least, of the abdomen profusely covered with shallow punctures. Length of body, 3.75™'"; of head, 0.6"""; of middle of thorax, 0.75"'"'; breadth of head, 0.8'""; of thorax, 1.7"'"; of abdomen, 1.85""". Green River, Wyoming. Five specimens, Nos. 19'', 67*', 74% 172 (F. C. A. Richardson), 4193 (S. H. Scudder). 2. PROCYDNUS gen. nov. {yrpo, Cydnus, nom. gen.). Body less tlian twice as long as broad, ovate, with extremities moi'e or less tapering, especially in front, by the more rapid narrowing of the thorax, the head sometimes completely sunken in the thorax, at other times half l^rojecting beyond the anterior curve of the body ; it is always broader than long, though sometimes nearly circular; the eyes are moderately large, not very prominent, subcentral, the ocelli large and situated Avell behind the produced anterior curve of the thorax in the deep emargination for the reception of the head. Thorax subtrapezoidal, more than twice, sometimes thrice, its middle lengtli, truncate at base, the sides more or less HEMIPTERA— HETEROrXEllA— PENTATOMID.^-:. 439 oblique, and arcuate, tlie front lateral angles always rounded, sometimes so much as to disappear. Scutellum usuall}' small, never large, triangular, with straight sides, of varying proportions but never longer than broad, reaching from less than a third to one-half way to the tip of the abdomen. A large number of species occm- in our Western Tertiaries, all found at Florissant and one also at Green River. Table of the species of Procydnus. Anterior balf of thorax iiDiforinly depresseil. Head so sunken in the prothorax that its front margin forms a regular curve with that of the thorax 1. P.pyoniiH. Head sensibly projecting lieyond front line of body. Head only a fourth the width of the thorax 2. P. devicliis. Head much less than half the width of the abdomen, at least a third the width of the thorax. Thorax scarcely more than twice as broad as its middle length. Larger species ; eniargination of apical margin of thorax relatively shallow. 3. P. divexm. Smaller species; emargination of apical margin of thorax relatively deep and abrupt. 4. P. quietus. Thorax nearly or quite three times as broad as its middle length. Larger species; head more than one-third as wide as the body 5. P. reliquus. Smaller species; head less than one third as wide as the body 6. P. eesptrus. Head half the width of the abdomen 7. P. eatoni. Anterior half of thorax with lateral bosses 8. P. mamillanua. 1. Procydnus pronus. PL 28, Fig. 5. Head rounded, broader than long, deeply sunken in the thorax, its broad anterior curve almost continuous with the I'ounded sloping lateral angles of the thorax, the eyes small and in advance of the middle. Thorax shaped much as in P. devictus, but with a broad and especially deep, rounded, almost angular emargination to receive the head, about a third the width of the thorax ; its basal margin is not indicated on the plate, but should unite the extreme bases of the hemelytra in a straight line ; the sur- face shows excessively shallow crowded punctuation. Scutellum very large, triangular, reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, broader than long. Hemelytra with the corium occupying the basal three-fifths, uni- formly coriaceous, with punctuation like the thorax, and an excessively delicate impressed submarginal line. Hind tibia; densely spined. Abdomen very broad and full, scarcely longer than broad. Whole body black, the corium of the hemelytra hardly less dark. ' Length of body, 5"""; breadth, S.l"""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 14426. 440 TERTIAKY INSECTS OF NUETII AMEEIGxi. 2. Pkocydnus devictus. PI. 28, Fig. 4. Head minute, subcirciilar, hardly a fourth as wide as the thorax, its posterior tliird sunken in the thorax, which is here narrowly 'hut rather deeply emarginate to receive it. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as long, tapering from the base and with the sides strongly arcuate, so that the whole is nearly semicircular but for the narrow rounded emargination (not shown on the plate) for the head ; basal margin truncate or scarcely con- vex ; surface perfectly smooth and regular, with an anterior, transverse, arcuate, impressed line opening forward, half as broad as and one third the depth of the thorax. Scutellum large, triangular, smooth, the base fully three-fourths the width of the thorax, nearly three-fourths as long as broad, and reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium reaching half-way to the tip, uniformly coriaceous, testaceous, with faint and shallow equidistant and rather distant punctse. Hind til)ia3 densely spiny. Abdomen very broad and full, of nearly equal length and breadth. Length of body, 5°""; breadth, 3.1"'°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 11225. 3. Procydnus divexus. Head imperfectly preserved in both the specimens at hand. Thorax shaped much as in the species which have preceded this, twice as long as its middle length, with a very deep rounded emargination in front, less than a third the width of the thorax and three times as broad as deep, the lobes beside it well advanced, the surface finely and closely but not very deeply punctate. Scutellum with similar sculpture, the apex scarcely less than rectangular, the base about two-thirds as wide as the thorax. Hemelvtra having the similarly punctate corium occupying fully the basal three-fifths, the full and well rounded abdomen of equal length and breadth and punc- tate. Hind tibiae very slender and rather feebly spined. Whole body uniformly blacki.sh brown. Length, 4.7""" ; breadth, 3""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 2132, 13154. HBMIPTEKrA— UETEKOPTERA— PENTATOMID^. 441 4. Procydnus quietus. Head nearly one-half as broad as the tliorax, well rounded, half as broad again as long. Thorax siibtrapezoidal, tapering from the base at first slightly, afterwards a little more rapidly, so that the sides are a little arcuate, and the rounded anterior lateral lobes rather prominent from the deep almost angular emargination of the front, whicli is hardly more than a third the width of thorax, and only a little more than twice as broad as deep ; surface apparently smooth, punctate along the lateral margin. Scutellum nearly two-thirds as broad as the thorax, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the apex nearly rectangular, the surface punctate, somewhat shorter than broad. Hemelytra with the coriaceous corium hardly occupy- ing more than half the wing, serially punctate, of a testaceous color, the membrane faintly infumated. Tibite densely spiny. Abdomen full, broadly rounded, a little longer than broad. Length, 4.1-4..')'"'"; breadth, 2.4-2.6'"'". Florissant. Eight specimens, Nos. 2060, 6812, 7652, 10092, 10174, 10531, 12771, 14186. 5. Procydnus reliquus. Head rounded, broader than long, nearly half as broad as the thorax. Thorax nearly three times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the base, the sides considerably arcuate, with scarcely any sign of an anterior lateral shoulder, the emargination of the anterior border half as broad as the base of the thorax, shallow and uniform, followed by a median arcuate sulcation half as broad as the emargination and equally deep ; the surface is apparently quite smooth, but there are signs of punctuation at the extreme lateral margins. Form of the scutellum not evident, but apparently exactly as in the last species. Corium of hemelytra reaching considerably beyond the middle. Abdomen full Ijut considerably longer than broad. Whole body uniformly dark, the corium of hemelytra dark testaceous. Length, 5.5'"'" ; breadth, 3""". Florissant. One specimen. No. 434. 442 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. 6. Procyjdnus vesperus. PI. 28, Fig. 15. Head tolerably large, rounded, Ijroader than long, together with the projecting eyes more than a third the width of the thorax. Thorax almost or quite three times as broad as the middle length, the shape very much as in the preceding species, with an equally broad but much deeper emargina- tion of the front, the surface very finely, faintly, and densely punctate. Scutellum less than two-thirds as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the jiointed angulate apex extending less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with a rather short punctate corium. Tibise heavily spined. Abdomen full and broadly rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of body blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium blackish fuliginous, the membrane faintly infumated. Length, 4.5"°"' ; breadth, 2 65.°"". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 70, 145, 2464, 5612. 7. Procydkus eatoni. A poorly preserved specimen represents this species, remarkable for its very large and nearly circular head, which is half as wide as the abdomen and scarcely broader than long, and is deeply embedded in the thoi'ax. The latter is shaped much as in the last two or three species, nearly two and a half times as broad as its median length, the front deeply and broadly emarginate to receive the head, the emargination very regular, considerably more than half as broad as the thorax, and a third as deep as broad. Scu- tellum broad and short, the angulate apex not at all less than a right angle, reaching much less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. The only signs of punctuation, line and dense, are on the broadly rounded abdomen, which is considerably longer than broad. Other parts not clear. The whole blackish brown. Length, 6.75°"" ; breadth, 3.6'"'°. Named for one of the pioneers in American geology, Amos Eaton. Florissant. One specimen. No. 3153. HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— PENTATOMlUiE, 443 8. Procydnus mamillanus PL 7, Fig. 19. Cydima? maniUlanuf! SciicM., Bull. 11. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 770 (1878). The body is broad and convex in front, with a rapidly tapering abdo- men, scarcely at all rounded, even at the tip. The head, as seen from above, is nearly circular, shaped much as in Stenopelta punctulata from the same beds, but more broadly and regularly rounded in front, with the cen- tral lobe broad, and defined by rather strongly impressed furrows ; the ocelli are large, situated just behind the anterior extension of the thoracic lobes ; the surface of the head is rugulose. Thorax more than twice as broad as the head, and more than half as long again ; the sides rounded, being broadest at the posterior border, narrowing in front and roundly excised at the anterior angles ; front border very deeply hollowed behind the head, leaving prominent front lobes on either side, nearly as large as the head and strongly mamillate ; hind border nearly straight The sur- face is minutely granulate, besides which there is a transverse belt of rather large and distant punctures midway between the mamillations and the hind border. The scutellum is very large, rounded-triangular, broader than long, and granulate like the thorax. Corium of tegmina, which occupies their greater portion, obscurely and distantly punctulate ; abdomen trian- gular, the apex bluntly pointed. Length of body, 4"'"' ; of head, 0 8°"" ; of either lateral half of thorax, 1.35"""'; breadth of head, 1""°; of thora.x, 2.4°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 39 (F. C. A Richardson). Florissant, Colorado. Two specimens, Nos. 1925, 11760. 3. NEGROCYDNUS gen. nov. {vexpo?, Cydnus, nom. gen.). The species of this have the same oval form as those of the preceding genus, and differ from them in little but the relation between the head and thorax, the latter very broadly and shallowly emarginate in front, and the former consequently embraced by the thorax to a much smaller degree. The head is rounded, always broader, generally much broader, than long, the eyes and ocelli as in Procydnus ; it is, however, sunken to some extent in the thorax, and its curves and those of the sides of the thorax are such as hardly to destroy the effect of a single parabolic curve to the front end of 444 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. the body. Tlie tliorax is g'enerally only twice as broad as the median length, but sometimes considerably more than that, tapering in a very variable degree, sometimes rapidly and regularly, but always with a rounded curve, sometimes so slowly as to leave the lateral angles of the front very prom- inent, and making the tliorax here twice as wide as the head ; the basal margin is truncate. Scutellum rather large and especially broad, triangular, with straight sides, always shorter than broad, and yet generally reaching nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A large number of species are known, as many as in the preceding genus, all Ijut one, which comes from Green River only, being found at Florissant, one of tliem very abundantly. Tahic of the species of Necrncydnus. Body more tban li,alf as long agaiu as broad. Thonix cousiderably more than twice as broad as the median length. Bo'dy relatively slender ; thorax tapering considerably, the breadth at the bottom of the apical emargiuation about three-fourths that of the basal uiargiu 1. 2s\ vulcanius. Body relatively stout; thorax tapering but little, the breadth, as above, about seven-eightH that of the bassl margin 2. N. gosiutensis. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length. Thorax tajiering considerably, the lateral angles of front not piouiiuent. Head broad, nearly or quite a third as broad as base of thorax. Smaller species; emargiuation of apical border of thorax deep, half as long as greatest breadth of thorax 3. N. terpens. Larger species; emargiuation of apical border of thorax .shallow, cousiderably less than half as long as greatest breadth of thorax 4. N. sfygius. Head relatively narrow, hardly more than a fourth the breadth of tne base of the thorax. 5. X, ami/zonus. Thorax tapering but little, the lateral angles of front promineut. Smaller species, hardly exceeding four millimeters in length, less than two-thirds as long again as broad ; abdomen full and rounded 6. jV. seiiiui-. Larger species, more than Bve millimeters long, and about three-fourths as long again as broad; abdomen tapering 7. N. soUdafiis. Body less than half as long agaiu as broad 8. N. revectiis. 1. Necrocydnus vulcanius. Head rounded triangular, broader than long, with the large eyes nearly half as broad as the base of the thorax. Tliorax considerably more than twice as broad as the median length, subtrapezoidal, the sides tapering so that the breadth near the front (at the bottom of the apical emargiuation ) is about three-fourths that of the basal margin, the lateral angles rounded somewhat, the apical emargiuation half as broad as the thorax, and a third as deep as broad, very regular, the surface uneven from the elevation of the sides in front to irregular bosses, and rather coarsely, faintly, and sparsely punctate. Scutellum small, not more than half as long as broad, regularly HEMIPTERA— BETEROPTEltA— PENTATOMID.^. 445 triang-ular, with straiglit sides, the apex scarcely reaching more than quarter way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra witli. the corium reaching to the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, only the costal edge, but that broadly, coriaceous, the remainder semidiaphanous and faintly infumate like the membrane. Length, 4,5""" ; breadth, 2.25°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7399. 2. Necrocydnus gosiutensis. PI. 7, Fig. 22. Head broad, rounded, nearly twice as broad as long and with the rather large and prominent eyes fully half as broad as the thorax. Thorax more than three times as broad as the median length, subquadrangular, the sides taper- ing only a little, the anterior lateral angles well rounded, the breadth near the front (next the bottom of the apical emargination) seven-eighths that of tlie basal margin, the apical emargination broad and shallow, rather more than half as broad as the base of the thorax, and hardly a tenth as deep as broad, very regular ; surfece even, but for a rapid slope close to the sides, and apparently smooth. Scutellum very large from its breadth, much shorter than broad, reaching nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Corium of hemelytra reaching the last abdominal segment, rather coarsely and very sparsel}' granulate. Length, 4.60'""' ; Ijreadth, 2.5"™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 13, Leslie A. Lee. This is the only species of Necrocydnus yet found within the limits of the ancient Closiute Lake. 3. Necrocydnus torpens. Head large, well rounded, nearly twice as broad as long, and nearly two-tiftlis as Ijroad as base of thorax ; the antennas about as lonsr as the tlu)rax. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering con- siderably, the lateral angles of the front not prominent, the emargination of tiie apical border half as long as the basal border, regular, and moderately deep ; surface very finely punctate, even. Scutellum large, broader tlian long, the apex not extending half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Heme- lytra with the corium serially [)unctate, reaching the penidtiniate abdominal 446 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. segment. Tibiae heavily spined. Whole body brownish fuscous, the cerium of henielytra fusco-castaneous, the membrane scarcely infumated. Length, 5.1""; breadth, 3°'"'. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 441, 12998. 4. Necrocydnus stygius. Head twice as broad as long, well rounded, two-fifths as broad as the base of the thorax, the eyes large. Thorax onl}' twice as broad as its median length, tapering considerably, the sides very regularly arcuate, the lateral angles of front not jjrominent, the emargination of the apical border somewhat less than half the length of the basal border, rtignlar, and very shallow ; surface even, a little roughened. Scutelluni scarcely more than half as wide as the thorax, almost equiangular, the sides perfectly straight, reaching less than half-way to tiie apex of the abdomen, the surface appar- ently punctate, but obscure. Corium of hemelytra reaching the middle of the antepenultimate abdominal segment, punctate, the punctse serial only near the sutura clavi. Tibiae heavily spined. Abdomen a little produced, so that the posterior curve of the body is scarcely so broad as the anterior. Length, 6™" ; breadth, 3.5°"". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6654, 9947. 5. Necrocydnus amyzonus. PI. 28, Fig. 16. Head rather small, I'ounded subtriangular, nearly or quite twice as broad as long, hardly more than a fourth as broad as the thorax. Thorax twice as broad as the median length, tapering considerably, with rather strongly arcuate oblique sides, the lateral angles of the front not ^^rominent, the apical emargination regular, considerable, rather deep, and very broad, tiie surface of the thorax even and very finely and closely punctate. Scu- tellum nearl}- as long as broad, fully two-thirds as broad as the thorax, tlie apex reaching about half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface like the thorax. Hemeh'tra with the corium reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, feebly punctate. Legs densely spined. Abdomen broadly rounded. Whole body uniformly blackish fuscous, the corium of hemelytra dark cas- taneous, the membrane clear. HEMIPTEKA— HETERUPTEEA— rBNTATOMIDzE. 447 Tliis is the commonest fossil cydnid known in tlie " Amyzon shales." Length, 4.25-5.1'"'"; breadth, 2.2-3.1°"". Florissant. Twenty-nine specimens, of which bome of the best are Nos. 1919, 2100, 4565. 46G3. 4851, 7543, 9583, 11226, 12068, 12987, 14221, 14224. 6. Neceocydnus senior. Head well rounded, transversely ovate, nearly a third as broad as the thorax, half as broad ag^ain as long. Thorax only twice as broad as the median length, tapering l)ut little, the lateral angles of the front prominent, the apical eniargination considerably and tolerably deep, the surface appar- ently finely punctate, with two posteriorly converging shallow and faint sulcations crossing the disk longitudinally from the outer edges of the eyes backward. Scutellum moderate, more than half as broad as the thorax, broader than long, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium punctate in serial rows, reaching the middle of the antepenultimate segment of the abdomen. Tibias heavily spined. Ab- domen full and rounded, hardly so long as broad. Color blackish brown, the hemelytra with the corium dark testaceous, the membrane clear. Length, 4""" ; breadth, 2.5'°'". Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 2732, 11566, 11793, 13155. 7. Necrocydnus solidatus. PI. 28, Pig. 13. A stout species, fuller in front than behind. Head transversely ovate, about twice as broad as long and about one-third as broad as the thorax. Thoi'ax hardly twice as broad as the median length, tapering but very little, the lateral angles of front ver}' prominent, tlie apical emai-gi nation very broad and only moderately deep ; surface even and distantly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, the angular apex not reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium apparently reaching the penultimate abdominal segment. Tibipe very heavily and coarsely spined. Abdomen subconical, pointed. Length, 5.6""" ; breadth, 3""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 6967, 8840. 448 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA, 8. Necrocydnus eevectus. A very broad, stout, and rounded species. Head rather small, well rounded, at least half as broad again as long and scarcely a fourth as wide as the thorax ; the antenna- about as long as the thorax. Thorax about twice as broad as the median length, with strongly arcuate, somewhat oblique sides, which curve rapidly on the anterior half to the ends of the apical emargination, ^vhich is hardly one-third as long as the basal margin, moderately shallow and very regular ; surface even, finely, uniformly, and densely jiunctate, as is every coriaceous part of the body. Scutellum nearly half as broad as the thorax, considerably broader than long, the scarcely less than rectangular apex not extending half-way to the apex of the abdomen. Hemelytra i-eaching as far as the tip of the abdomen, the membrane small. Abdomen very broadly rounded posteriorly, somewhat shorter than broad. Length, 4.5"™ ; breadth, 3.2""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 1581, 10844. 4. THLIBOMENUS gen. nov. {6X1^6 ixevo^). This genus is even more closely allied to Necrocydnus than the latter to Procydnus, and differs from it principally in the still greater prominence of the head, which is out of direct relation to the general anterior curve of the body, the anterior emargination of the thorax being slight or even absent. The head is nearly circular, generally a little, but only a little, broader than long, the eyes central, moderate in size and prominence, glob ular, the ocelli well behind them, pretty large, and as near each other as the neighboring eye. Thorax about twice as broad as long, subquadrate the sides very variable, but the tapering usually confined to the anterior half, or verv much stronger here than posteriorly, the front margin but slightly emarginate, usually also very broadly rounded or subtruncate, with a strongly arcuate anterior sulcation terminating next the sides of the head ; the basal margin truncate. Scutellum precisely as in Necrocydnus. The species are pretty' numerous, but are known only by one or two examples each. They are mostly of the smallest size, and all come from Florissant. Tahli- of the /species of Thiibomenas. Outer anterior augles of the thorax ])roniiueut, the length of the apical margin of the thoiax not greatly less than that of the basal. Tliorax fully twice as broad as lung 1. '/'. petreim. Thorax scarcely twice as broad as long 2. T. parvus. HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTBRA— PENTATOMID.^. 449 Outer anterior angles of the thorax well rounded, the sides considerably oblique, so that the apical is much shorter than the basal margin of the thorax. Head broader than long. Thorax less than twice as broad as long :!. T. pcrennatua. Thorax more than twice as broad as long 4. T. limomis. Head longer than broad 5. 2". macer. 1. Tjilibomenus PETREUS. Head moderately large, about a third as broad as the thorax. Tho- rax rather more than twice a.s broad as long, the lengtli of the apical not greatly less than the basal margin, since the sides do not greatly taper and the outer anterior angles are prominent : apical margin with a very gentle and very broad emargination ; the surface even and very tinely punctate. Scutellum moderate, sharply and regularly triangular, about two-thirds as broad as the thorax, broader than long, extending much less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, heavily punctate in serial rows. Tibiae strongly but not very densely spined. Al>domen very full and rounded, fully as broad as long. Color black, the corium of hemelytra very dark castaneous, the membrane infumated. Length, 4™™ ; breadth, 2.25"™. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5557, 6613. 2. Thlibomends parvus. PI. 19, Fig. 23. Head small, hardly more than a fourth as wide as the large thorax. The latter scarcely twice as broad as long, with nearly straight, scarcely oblique sides and prominent outer anterior angles, so that the thorax tapers but little, the length of the apical being but little less than that of the basal margin. There is a slight and short rounded emargination on the anterior border, and the surface is even and very shallowly punctate. Scutellum similarly punctate, very short, not nearly reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen, and hardly more than three-fifths as broad as the thorax. Hemelytra, with the corium. easily reaching the penultimate abdominal segment, more coarsely punctate. Abdomen very broad and rounded, not nearly so long as broad. Of a uniform, griseous color. The parts in front VOL XIII 29 450 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. of the head and followuio' the coriuQi of the hemeljtra on the plate are for- eign to the specunen, which is not well represented there. Length, 3 25'°" ; breadth, 2.25°"". Florissant. One specioaen. No. 4552. 3. Thlibomenus peeennatus. Head very regularly rounded, considerably broader than long, about a third the width of the thorax. The latter is a little less than twice as broad as long, with tapering arcuate sides, tJie outer anterior angles well rounded but tolerably prominent, the apical border gently emargiiiate for a distance about equal to a third of the base of the thorax. Scutellum rather small, hardly more than half as broad as the thorax, and shorter than broad, extending not nearly half-way to the tip of the abdomen, the surface and that of the thorax even, with the faintest and shallowest possible punctua- tion. Corium of the hemelytra hardly reaching the middle of the apical half of the abdomen, very sparsely and rather faintly punctate. Abdomen broadly semiovate, of equal length and breadth. Color a uniform testaceous where the pigment is not removed. Length, 4'°'° ; breadth, 2.25""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7841. 4. Thlibomenus limosds. PI. 28, Fig. 12. Head precisely as in the last species. Thorax trapezoidal, a »ittle more than twice as broad as long, with ratlier rapidly tapering sides, the apical about three-fourths the length of the basal margin, the former almost truncate, with the faintest possible arcuation throughout, the surface of the thorax even, ftiintly and finely rugulose. Scutellum obscure in the only specimens seen, but apparently large and triangular, and extending half- way to the tip of the abdomen. Corium occupying about three-fifths the hemelytra, serially and distinctly punctate. Abdomen well rounded, but distinctly longer than broad. Color blackish fuscous, the corium of heme- lytra fusco-testaceous. Length, 4.5°"" ; breadth, 2.6°"°. Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 5723, 13583. HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTEliA— PENTATOMID.E. 451 ;"). TlILIBOMENlIS MACER. Head scarcely longer than broad, small, not a quarter the width of the thorax. Thorax several times broader than long, the sides very oblique, so that it tapers rapidly forward and has tlie front broadly rounded, with scarcely any sign of emargination opposite the head, the surface even and apparently very coarsely granular. Scutellum similar, triangular, more than two-tliirds as broad as the thorax, jind shorter than broad, but reach- ing about half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium rather short, coarsely and obscurely punctate. Abdomen well rounded, scarcely longer than broad. Color of the body black, the corium fuscous, membrane infumated. Length, 4™" : breadth, 2.5""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 2455. 5. CYRTOMENUS Amyot and ServiUe. This tropical American type, with four or five species, one of them found in our Southern States, occurs also so far as the imperfect remains can determine in the Tertiary beds at Green River, where one species is found, remarkable for the great width of the head. It is the only fossil known. Cyrtomenus concinnus. PI. 7, Fig. 14. Cyrtomeniis concinnus Scudd., Bull. U. S. (ieol. Ueogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 7ti9 (1878). This species is represented by a single specimen, a little smaller than C. mirabilis (Perty), but closely resembling it in general form. It is broadly ovate ; the head large, prominent, well rounded, nearly half the eyes pro- truding beyond the margin, the ocelli nearly one-fourth the diameter of the eyes, and situated next the hind border, very nearly half-way between the inner margin of the eyes and tlie middle line of the head. Thorax twice as broad as the head exclusive of the projecting part of the eye, more than twice as broad as long, the front margin rather deeply and regularly con- cave, the sides considerably convex, especialh- on the front half, the hind mai-gin very broadly convex. Scutellum longer than the thorax, scarcely less tapering on the apical than on the basal half, the apex rounded, half as broad as the base, the wliole almut as long as the breadth at base. Teg- 452 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. niina ver}" faint, but the coriiim apparently terminating just before the tip of the scutellum. Extremity of the abdomen very broadly rounded. The whole surface of the head, thorax, scutellum, and probably of the corium uniformly, ver}^ profusely, and minutely punctulate, otherwise smooth, excepting that there are also faint traces of a slight, transverse, median depres- sion, and a similar longitudinal median depression on the thorax. Length of body, 5.25""" ; of head, 1.2'"" ; of thorax, 1.3"" ; of scu- tellum, 1.65°"" ; breadth of head, 2"" ; of thorax, 3.5"" ; diameter of eye, 0.25"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4190. 6. DISCOSTOMA nom. nov. {diojco^, aroixa). This name is proposed for Lobostoma Am.-Serv., preoccupied in mam- mals. The genus is composed of only two or three species found in Cen- tral America and Guiana. It has never been recognized in a fossil state, and the specimen from Florissant is referred to it only tentatively until better material is at hand. DiSCOSTOMA ? sp. PI. 22, Fig. 6. The ventral surface of an exceptionally large cydnid, showing the abdomen and a part of the legs and little more, is all that remains of the single specimen referred here. From its size one would naturally refer it to this genus or its neighbors, which contain the largest species of the group ; and besides, the hind tibijB are furnished exteriorly, as in existing species of Discostoma, with a single line of fine spinules, the only charac- teristic available; whether the tibiae are cylindrical or flattened can not be told. The abdomen is dark griseous, with a pale rounded semicircular spot seated on the outer margins of each segment, separated from its neigh- bors by the darker incisures, besides which the apical margin of the first segment shows a. narrow, blackish fuscous belt. Legs pale, the spines blackish ; only the basal part of the hind tibise seen Probable length of body, 18""; breadth of abdomen, 8""; length of hind femora, 5"". Florissant, One specimen, No. 234, HEMIPTERA— HETEUOPTERA— PENTATOMID.E. 4 53 Subfamily PENTATOMIDA Stal. This group is one of tlie most prevalent of the suofamilies of Heterop- tera in the European Tertiaries, twenty-six species being found there, which have been referred to six genera: ^Elia, one species, Eurydema, our, Eusarcoris two, and Halys two, all from Oeningen, besides Penta- toma, which has been accredited to Radoboj, Aix, Salzliausen, and amber, but especially to Oeningen, where nine species have been recorded. Besides these a species of Pentatoma has been described from Greenland. In our Western Tertiaries remarkably few examples of this group have been recovered, considering its abundance in the Old World, but nearly every specimen is generically distinct from every other, for we have but thirteen species, and in only two instances have these more than a single specimen each, yet so different are they that they must be separated into ten genera ; only one of these, imperfectly known by a very remarkable head, can be referred to an existing genus, for in all the scutellum is remarkably triangular and equiangular and destitute of the apical exten- sion common to living types. In this, as already stated, some of the Euro- pean species appear to agree with them ; it should, however, be noted that this agreement appears far more marked in Heer's direct illustrations of the fossils than in his restorations of the same species. Our species all come from Florissant, with a single exception. • Tahle of the genera of Pcntatomida. Intraocular part of head less tbau two aud a half times as long as broad. Apex of sciitelhini reaching distinctly less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Head in front of eyes quadrate, the tyluui and jnga of similar length 1. TrhoscliiKfiis. Head in front of eyes tapering, the tylum surpassing the jnga 2. Thntluschiatus. Apex of scutellum reaching half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Thorax jess than three times as broad as long. Body regularly ovate throughout 3. Poteschislns. Body with parallel or nearly parallel sides. Head sUorter than middle of the thorax and more than half its width. .4. Cacoackhtiis. Head longer than the middle of the thorax and slightly less than half as wide as the thorax 5, Matwoschistua. Thorax three or more than three times as broad as long. Body at least half as long again as the .width of the abdomen. Posterior lateral angles of thorax prominent. Sides of thorax lu front of lateral prominences concave 6. PoHonchMus. Sides ot thorax In frout of lateral prominences convex 7. Prnlatomitrs. Posterior lateral angles of thorax not prominent H Tiroschistua. Body less than half as long agaiu as the width of the al)douien 9. TliUmmouchislKS. Intraocular part of head two aud a half times as long as broad 10. Alecucephala. 454 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. 1. TELEOSCHISTUS gen. nov. {t£\eo?, oxigto?). Head of moderate size, nearly half as broad as the thorax, and dis- tinctly broader than long, scarcely longer than the intraocular width, the portion in front of the eyes subquadrate, with broadly rounded front, rounded angles, the tylum and juga of equal length. Rostrum reaching, as seen through the specimen, opposite a point a little beyond the base of the scutellum. The thorax is pentagonal, the base at least half as long again as the straight, oblique, posterior lateral margins, the nearly straight but slightly convex anterior lateral margins at right angles to the posterioi' and a little longer than they, the apical border emarginate for its whole length for the reception of the head, and less than half as long as the breadth of the widest part of the thorax and scarcely shorter than the middle length of the thorax. Scutellum triangular, vaulted, of nearly equal length and breadth, the tip angulate and not produced, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Mesosternum much longer than the metasternum, the coxal cavities of the two hinder pairs of legs contiguous, separated only by a common paries. Three species are known, one of them from British Columbia, the others from Florissant. Tahh of the species of Teleosehistus. Scutellum reaching very nearly half- nay to the tip of the alidonieu 1. T. antiquiis. Scutellum reaching barely two-tiftbs way to the tip of the abdomen. Punctuation of costal margin of corium clustered along the edge, leaving an open submarginal streak free of punctures 2. T. rigoratux. Panctuatiou of costal margin of corium uniform 3. T. pJacatiis. 1. Teleoschistus ANTIQUUS. PI. 2, Figs. 17-19. Eiischisius anHquus Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can.,187&-1877, 4.59-461 (1878). The principal specimen is unusually perfect, and appears to be a male. The head is slightl}- longer than broad, equal beyond the expanding base, broadly I'ounded and somewhat flattened in front ; the slight carina? marking the borders of the middle lobe are parallel throughout and extend to the front of the head. The thorax is so imperfectly preserved as to throw doubt upon the generic affinities of the insect, but it appears to have been more than twice as broad as long, with a median furrow, and its front margin very slightly concave behind the head ; probablv, also, it was considerably pro- J3EM1PTERA— HETEKOPTERA— PENTATOMIDJi. 455 duced at the hinder lateral angles, and had its lateral margin slightly den- ticulate anteriorly. The scutellum is large, a little narrower than the breadth of the base of the abdomen, of nearly equal length and breadth, pretty regu- larly triangular, but with a slight emargination of the sides on their basal half; the tip bluntly pointed and rounded off, extending a little way upon the middle of the strongly advanced fourth abdominal segment. The sur- face of the head, prothorax, and scutellum is covered pretty uniformly and abundantly with distinct round punctures, which are, however, deepest, most sharply defined, and so abundant as nearly to occupy the entire sur- face, on the front half of the head and next the margins of the prothorax. The corium of the tegmina includes more than half the wing, and is covered with punctures, deeply impressed, and much minuter and more frequent than on the scutellum ; there is also a distinct vein passing down the middle, a little to one side, and another separating the clavus from the corium, but distinct on the specimen only apically, where it is continuous with the inner margin of the membrane. The membrane is well rounded, but slightly pro- duced at the outer angle, and the space is occupied by nine nearly longi- tudinal veins, distributed in three sets of three each : the first set is composed of three obscure veins, pretty close together next the inner edge, originating from the same point, equidistant from one another, the innermost hugging the inner margin ; from apparently the same point originates the next cluster, starting in a single vein, which almost immediately forks, and sends its innermost branch parallel to those mentioned; the other branch diverges strongly from it and again forks, the two branches running parallel to the first ; while from opposite the point of origin of the last fork the third cluster takes its rise, starting as a shouldered vein, which forks at its shoulder into two slightly divergent veins which run subparallel to the previous veins; but the innermost of these again forks beyond its middle, crowding the veins together at this point. There is also a short, tenth, independent vein close to the outer extremity of the produced coriaceous field. The outer margin of the wing is delicately wrinkled with a simulation of veinlets. The abdomen is ovate, somewhat regularly tapering at its outer half; the apex obscure but apparently regularly rounded ; the pleurae, are punctured like the scu- tellum, while the dorsal surface is minutely and profusely but obscurely punctulate. Such portions of the chitine as remain are of an intense black. The specimen is apparently a male, but whether two small triangular pieces, 456 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. nearly equiangular, following the posterioi' edge of" the sixth abdominal segment laterally, are to be considered the anal cerci is doubtful. Directly beside this specimen, and, in fact, partly undei'lying it, ai*e the abdomen and part of the sternum of another insect, which, although much smaller, should doubtless be regarded as the female of the same species. This abdomen represents an under surface ; it is very rounded and ovate, the extremity well rounded, the sixth segment represented by a circular fissured plate. The sides of the alidomen are punctulate, as in the other specimen, but the punctulation dies out before reaching the middle of the abdomen. Little can be said of the other parts of the body, excepting that the rostrum appears to terminate at the front limit of the middle coxse, and the sternal parts of the thorax are coarsely punctate as above and more par- ticularly at the margins of the separate pieces. Length of the male, L'j™"' : of head, 2.9°"°; breadth of same beyond the base, 2.4""°; length of thorax, 3.25'"™; of tegmina, 11"""; breadth of same near tip, 4.35"°' ; length of scutellum, 4.2""' : Jjreadth of same, 4.5™"' ; greatest breadth of abdomen, S™™; breadth of its dorsal face at tip of scii- tellum, B™". Length of abdomen of female, measured beneath, 4°'™; breadth of same, S"™ ; width of fissured plate, 1.25°"°. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 38, Dr. Gr. M. Dawson. 2. Teleoschistus rigoratus. PI. 28, Fig. 14. Head punctate, the punctse moderately deep and rather sparse, absent from the extreme back of the head. Thorax irregulai'ly punctate, at the sides very deep and sharp, on the disk shallow and half obscured, ever}^- where irregularly distributed and rather distant, sliowing, however, a tend- ency to run in lines in various directions but never crossing one another and generally transverse ; a straight, transverse, slightly impressed, broad sul- cation free of punctuation a little in advance of the middle of the apical half of the thorax. Scutellum much more coai'sely and more bluntly punctate, reaching barely two-fifths way to the tip of the abdomen. Hemelytra with the corium punctate like the thorax, but distinct and sharp throughout, the punct?e along the costal margin clustered next the edge, leaving an open, narrow, submarginal sjjace free of punctuation. Whole body uniform srriseous. HBMIPTEKA— HETEliOl'TEKA— PENTATOMID.E. 457 Lengtli, 15.75'"'"; breadth across base of closed hemelytra, 7.5""". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8()66, 12()7"2. 3. TELEOSrHISTUS PLACATIIS. PI. 28, Fig. 3. Head not preserved on the sino-le specimen known. Thorax blnntly punctate throughout, mostly rather coarsely, besides which the surface is more or less roughened except just in advance of the scutellum, where it is smooth, and the punct* rather fine and a little sharper. Scutellum reach- ing barely two-fifths way to the tip of the al)donien, uniformly punctate throughout like the greater part of the thorax. Corium of hemelytra rather sharply, deeply, very uniformly and not very s])arseiy punctate, the punctse with a tendency to a longitudinal arrangement. Body griseons, corium of hemelytra griseo-castaneous, the clavus and costal field of corium darker, a pallid line following the sutura clavi, and, less distinctly, the lower edge of the principal costal vein and the outer margin of the broadly sinu- ous marginal suture ; membrane slightly infumated with a small but distinct dark triangular coriaceous spot at extreme inner base. Length (without head), 12.75""" ; breadth at base of hemelytr?, 6.75""'. Florissant. One specimen. No. 546 <>. 2. THNETOSCHISTUS gen. nov. {dvrfTo?, 6xigt6<;). Body moderately slender with nearly parallel sides. Head with prom- inent moderately large eyes, scarcely broader than long, less than half the width of the thorax, scarcely shorter than it, the portion in front of the eyes as long as the part behind them, tapering, subtriangular, bluntly pointed, the tylum distinctly surpassing the juga; antennas with the basal joint not attaining the front of the head, the second apparently just longer than the thorax. Thorax two and a half times broader than long, apparently witii a slight angulate prominence at the base of the sides, in front of which the sides taper very rapidly, forming one curve with the broadly rounded front, which has no eniargination for the reception of the head. Scutellum tri- angular with straight sides and bluntly angulate, not produced apex, con- siderably longer than the thorax, Init not reaching half-way to the apex of the rather elongated produced abdomen. A single species is known. 458 TEKTIARY INSECTS OF NORTQ AMERICA. Thnetoschistus revulsus. PI. 28, Fig. 6. Whole body griseous, the juga apparently lighter than the tylum, the membrane faintly infumated. Head faintly, shallowly, and coarsely punc- tate ; thorax distinctly, rather sparsely, and coarsely punctate ; scutellum still more coai'sely punctate, but otherwise similar ; corinin of hemelytra punctate like the thorax, but less coarsely and less sparsel}'. Length, 14.5°"" ; breadth of base of thorax, 6.5"". Plorissant. One specimen, No. 1.837, collected by the Princeton Expedition. ;5. POTESCHISTUS gen. nov. (ttots. oxiord?). Remarkable for the regularly ovate form of tlie l»ody. [Head unfortu- nately wanting.] Thorax more or less broken and crushed, so as to render its precise form indeterminable, but apparently it was uniformly vaulted, nearly twice as bi'oad as long, tapering from the very base with no lateral projections, the sides arcuate and tapering pretty regularly, the outer anterior angles well rounded, the apical margin less than half the width of the base, gently and regularly emarginate for the reception of the head. Scutellum triangular, as long as broad by reason of the arcuation at the base of the otherwise straight sides, the tip angulate, not in tlie least rounded or produced, reaching barely half-way to the tip of the somewhat conical abdomen, which the hemelytra surpass a little. A single species is known. POTESCHISTUS OBNUBILUS. PI. 28, Fig. 18. The thorax is smooth except for an exceedingly sparse, low, and incon- spicuous granulation. Scutellum, on the contrary, very coarsely granulate indeed and less sparsely ; the hemelytra midway between the two and tolerably dense ; membranal suture with a barely perceptible arcuation opening outward, and the otherwise clear but faintl} veined membrane coriaceous at its extreme inner base, between the membranal suture and the end of the claval suture. Whole body brownish griseous, the scutellum liglite)". Length, excluding head, 13.75'""; breadth, 7.5°"°. Florissant. One specimen, No. 1472. HEMIPTERA— HETEUOPTERA— PENTATOMIDJ-:. 459 4. CACOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (««;ro?, gxiOt6?). Closely related to MatjBOSchistus, from which it ditiers mainly in the structure of the head, which is broader, witli a less prominent front : it is more than half as broad as the thorax, the eyes very large, the portion in front of them scarcely tapering, not so long as the eyes, broadly rounded apically, the tylum and juga of equal length, the whole head but little longer than the intraocular space. "^I'horax in the middle considerably longer than the head, two and a half times as broad as its middle length, tapering from the very base, at first slightly, afterwards rapidly, with the outer anterior ang-les well rounded bv the arcuation of the sides and not at all prominent, and posteriorly with no lateral projection whatever, the apical border rather deeply emarginate for the reception of the head, the middle half of the emargination hardly arcuate. Scutellum triangular, with straight sides and an angulate, in no way produced apex, which barely reaches half- way to the tip of the abdomen, which thehemelytra surpass. Body rather slender (for this group) with parallel sides. A single species is known. Cacoschistus maceriatus. PI. 28, Fig. 2. The head appears to be smooth ; the thorax rather coarsely, veiy sparsely, and irregularly granulate ; the scutellum and corinm of hemelytra similarlj- but more closely and less irregularly granulate ; corium of hemelytra long, the membrane hardly occupying more than the apical fourth. Whole body blackish griseous. Length, including hemelytra, 14.75""" ; breadth, 6""°. Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 13318 and 13319. 5. MAT^OSCHISTUS gen. nov. (fxaraw?, axiCrS?). Of the general form of Euschistus but far more elongate, with parallel sides, probably not far removed from Mecocephala. Head broad at base, the eyes being large ; beyond tapering and prolonged, almost exactly as in the typical Mecocephala, the tip being, however, more broadly rounded, the whole head twice as long as its intraocular breadth ; tjdum appai-ently a little longer than the juga; first joint of antenna; not nearly attaining the 460 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. front of the head, the second slightly longer than the head. Thorax in mid- dle a little shorter than the head, about two and a half times as broad as the middle length, the posterior lialf of equal width, in front tapering rapidly by the oblique straight sides, the apical nearly half as broad as the basal mar- gin and roundl}^ emarginate to receive the head. Scutellum triangular, with straight sides and angulated apex in no way produced, reaching half- way to the ti]) of the abdomen. Hemelytra considerably surpassing the abdomen. A single species is known. MaT^OSCHISTUS LIMIGENUS. The whole body with the antennae and legs blackish or blackish gris- eous; the outer margins and sides of the head appear to be darker than the central portions, the corium of the hemelytra evident!}" testaceous and the membrane clear. The head appears to be smooth ; the thorax is coarsely, and the scutellum very coarsely, granulate, and the corium of the hemelytra faintly granulate on the basal portions like the thorax. Length, 14.5°"" ; breadtli of thorax, 6"'°'. Flori.ssant. One specimen, No. 1.1095, obtained by the Princeton Col- lege Expedition. 6. POLIOSCHISTUS gen. nov. (;roA/o?, aywr6<). Body with the general form of Euschistus. Head of moderate size, the part in front of the eyes subquadrate, a trifle broader than the intraoc- idar space, the tylum and juga of equal length, the outer angles of the lat- ter a little rounded. Thorax very short, nearly or quite four times as broad as the median length, the posterior part of the sides laterally produced to a blunt, stout knob, increasing the width of the thorax but little, the sides in front rapidly tapering with a concave curve. Scutellnm large, broad, triangular, with an angulate and in no way produced apex, reaching half- way or a little more than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. Two species are known, both from Florissant. Table of the species of PolioscMstus, Piiiictuatiou of corium relatively delicate, the punctae usually separated by nmcb more thau their own diameter; hemelytra le.ss than half as long as scutellum 1. P. liijahia. Punctuation of corium relatively coarse, the punctie usually separated by only so much as or very littlu more than their own diameter ; hemelytra more thau twice iis long as .scutellum. .2. P. laiiidariiiii. HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTERA— PENTATOMID.E. 461 1. POLIOSCHISTUS LIGATUS. PI. 28, Fig. 7. Head distinctly, rather densely, and not very coarsely punctate. Thorax much more coarsely g-ranulate. Scutellum feintly and rather coarsely punctate. Hemelytra less than twice as long- as the scutellum, the punctuation of the corium rather delicate, the puncta^ being usually sep- arated ■ by much more than their own diameter. Whole body uniformly blackish griseous, the membrane of hemelytra infumated. Length of body, ll"™; hemelytra, 7.5"""; scutellum, 4"""; breadth of thorax at base, 5.25"™ ; at prominences, 6.75""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 2856. 2. POLIOSCHISTUS LAPIDARIUS. PI. 28, Fig. 10. Of this species, evidently nearly related to the last, only the scutellum and one of the hemelytra are preserved. The scutellum is heavily and coarsely punctate, scarcely shorter than broad, apically angulate, with straight sides. The hemelytra are more than twice as long as the scutel- lum, the punctuation of the corium much less coarse but distinct and deep, the punctfe separated usually by only so much as or very little more than their own diameter. The scutellum is blackish griseous, the corium dark testaceous, the membrane distinctly infumated. It is a larger species than the last. Length of hemelytra, 10™™ ; scutellum, 4.6™"'. Florissant. One specimen, No. 1112. 7. PENTATOMITES gen. nov. (Pentatoma nom. gen.). This name is proposed for an obscure form of Pentatomidae, which can not be placed with any of the others, and which is too incomplete to char- acterize accurately. The head is nearly half as broad as the base of the thorax, with prominent eyes, but the front too broken to determine anything about it. Thorax slightly more than half as long as the basal margin, the sides produced into broad rounded lobes, which increase the width of the thorax by fully one-half ; in front of the widest expansion the sides are 462 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. arcuate, convex, merging- into the broadly rounded apical margin, which is narrowly and slighth" emarginate for the reception of the head. Scutelluni equiangular, with straight (and not, as given on the plate, convex) sides, longer than the thorax, the apex bluntly angular and in no way produced, reaching less than half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A single species is known. Pentatomites foliarum. PI. 28, Fig. 1. A single specimen with partly spread hemelytra, both extremities broken, is the only i-epresentative at hand of this species, which differs con- siderably from all others. The head is rather finely and very sparsely punctate. The thorax and scutellum, and especially the latter, are mucli more coarsely but quite as sparsely punctate, while the punctuation of the corium of the hemelytra is between the two but rather less sparse ; the membranal suture of the hemelytra is rigidly straight and marked by a dark line. The body is blackish griseous, much more conspicuous on the scutellum and disk of tliorax than elsewhere, the corium of hemelytra merely infuscated, the membrane faintly infumate. Length of fragment, 15""; probably length of body, 16.5""": breadth of thorax, 0""" : abdomen, 6.5°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 7929 8. TIROSCHISTUS gen. nov. {Telpco, axtard?). Head rounded, broader than long, with remarkably little projection in advance of the eyes ; antennas about twice as long as the head and thorax together, the first joint short, barely surpassing, if surpassing, tJie head, the second longest and about as long as the width of the head, the third and fourth equal and eacli about three-fourtlis the length of the second, all slender beyond the basal joint, the fifth unknown. Thorax transverse and semilunar, only slightly broader in advance of, than at, the base at the lateral angulation, wliich is not at all prominent. Scutellum large, triangu- lar, simple, slightly longer than broad, about as long as head and thorax together, but reaching only half-way to the tip of the abdomen. A single species is known. HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTEllA— PENTATOMID.E. 463 TiROSCHISTUS INDURESCENS. PI. 21, Figr. 4. Head finely and densely granulate ; antennae very minutely punctulate, with an exceedingly fine median carina on the upper surface. Thorax and scutellum more coarsely, less distinctly, and more spai'sel}" granulate, the corium of the hemelytra still more obscurely, so as not to be noticeable. Head, thorax, and scutellum blackish or black. Corium and clavus of hemelytra very light colored, almost colorless, with the base largely black- ish fuscous and the apex occupied next the costal margin with a very large roundish fusco-castaneous .spot, the sutura clavi infuscated and punctate, the membrane pallid at base but the whole apical two-fifths or more occu- pied by a fusco-castaneous cloud, densest basally, fading toward the edge. Length, 10.75"""; Iweadth of base of thorax, 4""". Florissant. One specimen, No. 11784. 9. THLIMMOSCHISTUS gen. nov. {eXilico, axiarot). Head moderately large, rounded, half as broad as the thorax, almost equally long and broad, the front rounded and not produced beyond the- rounded curve of the whole head ; antennte with the basal joint distinctly- surpassing the front, the remaining joints very slender, the second longest, the others subequal and each about two-thirds as long as the second, all together half as long as the body. Thorax fully three times as broad as the median length, j^et tapering from the base with no lateral prominences, the sides very oblique and straight, the apical margin deeply emarginate to receive the head. Scutellum large (not shown on plate, being very obscure), reaching fully two-thirds way to the tip of the short abdomen, but triangular with straight sides and an angulate and in no way produced apex. Abdo- men very broad and shoit, the extremity very broadly rounded, the whole body being less than half as long again as the width of the abdomen. A single species is known. THLIMMOSCHISTUS GKAVIDATUS. PI. 28, Figs. 11, 19. Wliole body uniformly rather obscurely and sparsely and not promi- nently granulate and blackish. Heiuelytra the same but only palo and 464 TERTIARY INSEUTS OF NORTH AMERICA. more or less infumated, the costal margin of tlie coriiim infuscated, and at the apex of the same a large, round, blackish, cloudy spot ; membrane infumated to the same degree as the corium, but the apical two-fifths over- lain by a similar black cloud, which fades a little next the margins of the wing. Length, 9"""; breadth of thorax, 5.5°""; abdomen, 6.25'"'". Florissant. Two specimens, Nos. 8471, 10405. 10. MECOCEPHALA Dallas. To this genus belongs a single living insect from Uruguay. It is the only genus that seems to have been published in which the head is pro- longed to an equal degree, which tapers throughout, and in which the mid- dle lobe is not surpassed by the lateral lobes. Quite similar in this respect is a fragment from Florissant, which unfortunately consists of the head only. Mecocephala sp. PI. 28, Fig. 8. The base of the head, including the large eyes but not the parts behind, is a little more than twice as broad as long, but in front tlie head is prolonged, so that the postocular pai't is as long as the entire breadth of the head. This portion tapers, at first rapidly until it has reached the intra- ocular width, then gradually to the apex, which is scarcely more than a third the intraocular width ; the tip is roundly truncate. At first appear- ance, and as given in the plate, tlie whole seems to be made up of the lat- eral lobes, the middle lobe being in fact very slender but enlarging a little at the apex. The whole is blackish fuscous and the surface of the liase coarsely, of the frontal projection finely, and in both shallowly and obscurely, punctate. Length of head, 5""'; breadth, including eyes, 3.5°""; tip of prolonga- tion, 0.65°"". Florissant. One specimen, No. 3007. COLEOPTERA^ Linne. In working ont these fossil Coleoptera I have been greatly indebted to my friends, Dr. George H. Horn, the late Dr. John L. LeConte, and espe- cially Mr. Samuel Henshaw, and have had free access to the collections of Mr. Henshaw, as well as to those of Mr. E. P. Austin while in Mr. Hen- shaw's keeping, and of the late Mr. George D. Smith, for all of which 1 wish to express my grateful thanks. For the remainder of this volume no genei'al comparisons are presented uud3r the different groups, as, with rare exceptions, none of the Florissant species are described, and until they are, the American fauna can not be fairly discussed. Family ANTHRIBIDvE AAAaterhouse. CHORAGUS Kirby. Chokagus fictilis. PI. 7-76S (1878). This species has the prothorax punctured as distinctly as the elytra, and the punctures on the elvtra show but a slig^ht tendencv to a lonfjitudi- nal arrangement. The punctures of the prothorax are long-itudinally obo- vate, a very little more frequent than on the elytra, equally distributed throughout ; on the elyti'a they are also equally distributed, but circular, about 0.04°"" in diameter, and average 0.1™™ in distance apart; they have but an obscure longitudinal arrangement into nineteen or twenty rows, and the successive punctures of each row are at about the same average distance apart as those of two contiguous rows. The species is of about the size of D. septentrionalis (Mann.), but has more of the markings of D. affaber (Mann.), although the punctuation of the elytra is not so distinctly separable into longitudinal series. Length of prothorax, 1.28°"° ; height of same, 1.44""" ; length of elytra, 2.8°"°"; breadth of same, 1.24°"°. Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 15218 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson), 4009, 4048, 4091 (Bowditch and Scudder). Dryoc^tes carbonarius. PI. 8, Fig. 6. Dryoca-tes carbonarius Scudd.. Bull. U S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 768 (1878). Another species, not very closely allied to the last, is represented by a single, rather mutilated specimen, which is pitchy-black, and consists of part of the head, thorax, and elytra. The head is rather long, faintly and not very closely punctured, the eye moderately large and circular. The thorax is proportionally longer than in the preceding species ; the front margin recedes a little on the sides, and the surface is subrugose by sub- confluent punctures, the walls of which form wavy ridges having a long!-, tudinal direction. The elytra are broken at the tip ; their outer anterior angle is obliquely excised, and the outer margin behind it straight, not sin- uate, as in the preceding species ; the surface is rather coarsely, but very COLEOPTERA— CURCULIONIDJi. 471 faintly granulate, more distinctly next the base, but even here very vaguely ; and tliere are faint indications of three or four distant, simple, lonofitudinal strife. Length of the fragment as curved, 4""'; of head, l.!"™?; of thorax, 1.3°""; probable length of elytra, S.iri™-" ; width of same, 1.5"™; diameter of eye, 0.35°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 3999. Family CURCULIONID^E Leach. CRYPTORHYNCHUS Illiger. Cryptorhynchus annosus PI. 8, Fig. 3. Cryptorhiinclius annosiis Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 86-S7 (1876). The fragmentary specimen is exposed on a side view, witli head, front of prothorax, and all the legs gone, and the elytra a little bi'oken. The pro- thorax is profusely and uniformly pitted with moderately shallow pits, averao-incT .Oil""" in diameter ; the elytra are traversed bv longitudinal costa?, five of which are much more prominent than the others, with .sharp, unbroken edges and equidistant from one another, the outer ones in close proximity to the sutural and outer edges ; the other costjB are obscure, slightly elevated, rounded, broken to a greater or less extent into raised points ; midway between the first and second prominent costse (count- ing from the outer margin) tliere is an exactly similar prominent costa on the basal third of the elytron ; the prominent costte are 0.2™°' apart. Length of the prothorax, 0.88™™; height of same, 1.04™™; length of elytron, 1.96™™ ; breadth of same, 1.08™™. Green River, "Wyoming. One specimen. No. 15223 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson). GYMNETRON Schonherr. Gymnetron lecontei. PI. 8. Fig. 26. Gymnetron lecontei Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 7G7 (1878). A single well preserved specimen, with its reverse, lies in such a po.si- tior. as to show a partly lateral and partly dorsal view ; the legs are also pre- 472 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. served, so that it is one of the most perfect of the Green River Coleoptera. The small head, long and slender, straight, and drooping snout, the tapering thorax, broad and short striate elytra, thickened femora, and long and slender tibise leave little doubt that it should be referred to Gymnetron or to its immediate vicinity. It is very nearly as large as G. teter Schonh., with which it closely agrees in almost every part. The third tarsal joint is simi- larly expanded. The real length of the rostrum can not be determined from the position of the insect, but it is apparently as long as the head and thorax together, is very nearly straight, slender, scarcely enlarged, and obliquely docked at the tip ; only a portion of tlie antennal scrobes can be seen ; this is in the middle of the beak, where the groove is narrow, deep, sharply defined, and inclined slightly downward toward the base of the beak. The thorax is subrugulose, and the surface of the elytra smooth, with distinct, but not deeply impressed, very faintly punctured striae. The whole speci- men is piceous. Length of body, S.IS""" ; of snout, !"■" (?) ; of head and thorax, 0.9""" ; of thorax, 0.75"™; of elytra, 2.25"™; of bind tibia?, 1.5"™; distance apart of elytral stria; 0.1"'°'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4030 and 4047. ANTHONOMUS Germar. Anthonomus sopokus. PI. 8, Fig. 16. A single elytron is preserved, in excellent condition. It is, however, completely flattened, bringing the apex, which is scarcely angulate, in the middle. There are nine equidistant, rather coarse, not greatly (?levated (perhaps partly flattened by pressure), coarsely beaded ridges (represent- ing, by reversal, strise) besides the sutural ridge, the third and fourth from the sutural being a little shorter than the others, which increase regularly in length from within outward. The smooth, flat interspaces are fully twice as broad as the strise. Length of elytron, 2"™ ; breadth, O.O""". The elytron difi'ers from that of A. defossus previously described from the Florissant Tertiaries in its greater size and apparently greater slender- COLEOPTEBA— CURCULION1U.E. 473 uess. Tlie specimoiis of A. defossus examined give, however, a lateral view and rendei comparison somewhat difficuU. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 48 (Prof. L. A. Lee). HYLOBIUS Germar. Hylobius provectus. PI. 8, Figs. 37, 41. Hylohius provectus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Gcol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 8G (1876); IV, 767 (1878). The single specimen first found is very poorly preserved, being not only fragmentarv but faintly impressed; the rostrum is broken, so that its length can not be determined, but the general facies of the insect resembles that of H. picivorus Germ, so closely that it must be referred to the same genus. The rostrum is rather stout ; the aritennal scrobes are slender, and commence not far beyond the eyes ; the eyes are very large, transverse obovate, with an interior clear space, as described in Epicferus saxatilis Scudd., with very small facets, scarcely 0.02°"" in diameter. The thorax is rather small, but apparently partially concealed by the way the specimen is crushed, not very tumid, and entirely smooth. The elytra are of much the same form as those of the species of Ejjiccierus just mentioned, provided with slender, shallow, imj)ressed lines, about 0.22""" apart ; the latter are rather delicately punctured, the punctures a little less distant from one another than are the rows; the number of rows can not be determined from this specimen. Length, exclusive of rostrum, .5'"" ; length of broken rostrum, 0.45""" ; of eyes, 0.9""" ; breadth of same, 0.44""™ ; length of elytra, 4"". Another specimen, taken by Mr. Bowditch at the same locality as tlie other, shows the character of the rostrum. The specimen is strangely pre- served, as there appears to be a second rostrum, a perfect counterpart of the first, attached to it at the tip; perhaps this belongs to another indi- vidual, of which the rostrum only is preserved. The rostrum is about as long as the thorax, scarcely tapering as viewed laterally, gently curved, with a median, lateral, longitudinal groove, directed toward tiie middle of the eye, just as in H. confusus Kirb., besides the antennal scrobes, which are directed obliquely toward its base. 474 TBETIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4051 (F. C. Bowditch), 15215 (F. C. A. Richardson). LISTRONOTUS Jekel. LiSTRONOTUS MURATDS. PI. 8, Fig. 23. A small species, represented by a single specimen showing a lateral view. The beak is a little longer than the thorax, tolerably stout (not tapering, as the figure would seem to represent it), the antennal groove reaching nearly to the tip, the eye moderately large, round. The whole body is rather slender, the thorax tapering slightly forward from just beyond its base, faintly and sparsely punctulate ; the fore femora increase prett}' uniformly in size from the base to near the tip, where they are twice as broad as near the base. Elytra with distant thin stria?. Length of body, not including rostrum, 4.75™"' ; of head and rostrum combined, 1.75°""; of pronotum, 1.2"'°'; of elytra, 3.25°"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 90 (Dr. A. S. Packard). ENTIMUS Germar. TIMUS PRIMORDIALIS PI. 5, Figs. 109, lOOffl. Entimus pHinordialia Scnild., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 84 (1876); in Zittel, Handb. d. Palajont., I, ii. 789, Fig. 1011 (1885). Besides a crushed elytron there are only some indeterminate fragments of the neighboring parts of the body. The form and sculpturing of the elytron resemble those of the Brazilian diamond- beetle so closely that I place the species provisionally in the same genus, or until further remains are obtained. The insect must have been rather small for an Entimus, is of about the usual size of the species of Otiorhynchus, and it is not at all improbable that it should be referred to the latter genus, some species of which have elytra with similar sculpturing and approximately the same form. The elytron is traversed by ten similar, stout and coarse, longitudi- nal costoe, most of which are broken up by transverse depressions into bead-like hemispherical prominences ; at the tip of the elytron, however, and on the apical half of the inner two costse this irregularity is nearly or COLEOPTERA— OTIOHHYNCHID.E. 475 quite lost sight of; the edges of the elytron for about the width of one of tiie costse is also smooth and depressed; the front border is sinuous, and the sutural margin appears the same on the stone, from the compression the elytron has undergone, whicli .was sufficient to split it down the. middle through half its length. Length of fragment, 8'"™ ; greatest breadth of unsplit portion, 4°"". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). Family OTIORHYNCHIDvE Shuekard. EUDIAGOGUS Schonherr. EUDIAGOGUS TERROSUS. PI. 8, Fig. 29. Eudiagogus terrosiis Soudil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 76G-767 (1878). This species, whicli seems more jjroperly referable to Eudiagogus than tlie others formerly so named by me, is represented by a single specimen and its reverse, preserved on a side view. The snout is short, as long as the eyes, scarcely so long as the head, and stout ; the eyes transverse, rather large, subreniform. The thorax appears to be smooth, like the head, deep and short, its front border extending forward on the sides toward the lower part of the eye. The elytra, the lower surface of which does not appear to be in view, are broad and long, rectangular at tip, furnished with more than eight rows of frequent, rounded, moderately large and shallow punct- ures, and between each pair of rows a similar row with smaller punctures. Length of body, 6""" ; of elytra, 4.55'"'" ; of eyes, O.S"""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4024 and 4078. TANYMECUS Germar. Tanymecus seculorum. PI. 8, Fig. 22. A single specimen preserved on a side view shows all the parts of the body tolerably well, but only a confused mass of appendages. Unfortu- nately the plate was engraved before the whole of the head, and especially the rostrum, was uncovered, and the eye-like spot there shown is wholly 476 TERTIAliY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. accidental, no such protuberance existing. The general appearance is very similar to that of our common species of Tanymecus. The head and beak combined are a little shorter than the thorax, and the eve is circular, removed by less than half its diameter from the middle of the front border of the prothorax and but little narrower than the tip of the rostrum. The head and rostrum appear to be nearly smooth, the prothorax to be coarsely and somewhat transversely rugulose, and the striae of the elytra to be coarse, with large and deep punctures, which grow smaller and shallower in the apical half All this is shown only in reverse, the single specimen being a reverse. Length, G.o"""; of head, including rostrum, 1.5°""; of pronotum, 1.6°"" ; of elytra, 4'""' ; breadth of thorax, 2'""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 91 (Dr. A. S. Packard). OTIORHYNCHUS Germar. Otiorhynchus perditus. PI. 8, Fig. 25. Oliorhynchus perditus Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 84 (1876); IV, 766 (1878). A single specimen, showing a side aspect, differs from the living species of Otiorhynchus, with which I have compared it, in not having the prothorax conspicuously smaller than the body behind it. The head is withdrawn into the prothorax, almost to the hinder edge of the eyes ; the snout is short, stout, slightly curved, bluntl}" rounded, and rather tapering than enlarged at the tip, not quite so long (measuring from the front edge of the eyes) as the length of the pronotum ; the eyes are rounded, subtriangular, with a diameter equal to half the width of the snout, the central facets with a diam- eter of 0 027™" ; the antennal scrobes are twice as long as broad, commenc- ing at the middle of the snout and extending two-thirds the distance thence to its tip. The jirothorax is equal, nearly as long as high, not tumid, rugu- lose. The elytra, which are not elervated at base above the prothorax, are simple, not very tumid, provided with about eight longitudinal slender rows, 0.3'"'" apart, of low, raised, rounded points, nearly as distant from one another as those of contiguous rows ; midway between each of these rows is a very inconspicuous dull ridge. Fragments of the legs remain, which agree as far as they can be made out with the same parts in Otiorhynchus. OOLEOPTERA— OTIORHTNCHID.E. 477 In the geaeral sculpturing' of the elytra this insect is not very unlike O. sulcatus (Fabr.). Length, 8""" ; of snout beyond front of eyes, 1.23'"'" ; width of same, 0.75""" ; length of antennal scrobes, 0.32°"" ; diameter of eyes, 0.46'""" ; length ofpronotum, 1.8'"'"; height of same, 2.28""'; length of elytra, 5.2"" ; width of same, 2.05""' ; length of fore femora, 1.8"". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4021 (Scudder), 15213 (Richardson). OtIORHYNCHUS TUMB.fi. PI. 8, Fig. 13. Oliorhynchiis di(bim Scudd., Hull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 76G (1878). A cast of an elytron resembles so closely the elytron of 0 perditus, excepting in size, that it is referred to the same genus. Only nine striaj can be counted, but all of those at the outer side may not be seen ; the inner stria is veiy close to the margin, and indeed is lost in it both above and below, but this may be due simply to the preservation. The stone in which they are preserved is coarser than usual, coming from beds about thirty meters directly below the shales which have furnished the other insect remains, and has a greater admixture of sand ; consequently the character of the surface of the elytra can not be determined, but the striae ai"e sharp and narrow, and filled with longitudinal punctures, which do not show in the engraving. Witli the exception of a couple of poor specimens of Epi- cserus effossus Scudd., this was the only recognizable insect found at this locality. Length of elytron, 4""; breadth of same, 1.5"". Dr. E. Bergroth having called my attention to the fact that there is a recent European species of Otiorhynchus bearing the specific name dubius, I have renamed the fossil as above. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4204. OPHRYASTES Schonherr. Ophkyastes compactus. PI. 8, Fig. 39. Ophryastes compactus Scudd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 765-766 (1878). A single specimen, preserved so as to show a lateral view of the insect, appears to indicate an Otiorhynchid allied to Ophryastes. The form of the 478 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. elytra, indeed, does not well correspond, since, in place of their abrupt pos- terior descent, as seen in 0. cinereus Schonh. from Mexico, with Avhich it agrees best in general features as also in size, they slope very gradually, and aj^pear to be tumid next the base. But the structure of the stout snout, enlarged apically, with very oblique descending antennal scrobes, the supe- rior transverse furrow at its base giving an increased convexity to the ver- tex of the head, ally it closely to Ophryastes. The ovate eye is longitudi- nal, the front border of the pronotuni nearly straight, with no advance of the sides, the prothorax itself faintly rugulose, the elytra coarsely striate, the striae with feeble, rather distant punctures (the reverse is shown on the stone) ; the tips of the elytra are right-angled or slightly produced at the extremity, as in recent species. Length of body, measured from base of rostrum, 7.5™'" ; height of same, 3.5"" ; length of elytra, 5.5™'" : of rostrum beyond front of eyes, 1.2'"™; breadth of rostrum at base, 0.9'"™ ; where largest, 1.05™™; length of eye, 0.5™™; breadth of same, 0.3'"™; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.35"™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4210. EPICURUS Schonherr. EpiCiERUS SAXATILIS. PI. 8, Figs. 33, 34, 36. Eudiagogus saxalUis Scutld., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 84-85 (1876). Epicwriis saxatiUs Scudd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 765 (1878). Twenty-seven specimens of this species have been found by Mr. Rich- ardson, Mr. Bovvditch, and myself. This and the two following species can not, as at first supposed, be referred to Eudiagogus on account of the length of the snout. Although very small for Epicaeri (especially the present species), they agree so well with Epicaerus griseus Schonh. from Mexico — one of the smallest of the group — that they would best be referred here, although thev differ from this genus in the brevity and stoutness of the femora, all of which are swollen apically. It is possible that all three of the forms mentioned here should be referred to a single species, as there is cer- tainly very little difference between them excepting- in size ; this is particu- larly the case with this and the next species. Together over one hundred COLEOPTERA— OTIOKHYNCHID^. 479 specimens of tliese species have been examined by me ; they are therefore the most abundant fossils of the insect beds of the Grreen River shales. In the present species the snout is shaped mu(;li as in Otiorhyncluis perditus Scudd., boinir short, stout, and, especially anteriorly, arched, the front border being faintly angulate about the middle ; the antennal scrobes can not be certainly defined ; the eyes are pretty large, transversely ovate, and in most of the specimens are indicated on the stone by an annulus of dark color, containing an interior narrow ovate pale spot 0.22™°' long b}- 0.12'"'" wide, while the eye itself is 0.4""" in its longer, and O.S"""" in its shorter, diameter ; the focets of the interior portion are very minute, being scarcely .01°"" in diameter. The prothorax is somewhat tumid, rather higher than long, very profusel}^ and delicately punctulate, the anterior and posterior walls between the pittings often less elevated than the lateral walls, so that the punctures often form broken longitudinal furrows ; tlie punctures are nearly uniform in size over the whole prothorax and average about 0.04'°"" in diameter. The elytra are simple, not tumid, sloping off gradually toward the tip, not elevated at base above the thorax, and provided with six equi- distant, very slender and slight, raised ridges, faintly broken into dashes by a series of minute, moderately distant punctures along the inner border of each ; these punctures are of the same size as those on the prothorax ; the ridges are about 0.16°'°' apart. The posterior coxaj have an incrassate pos- terior margin. Length of body, 4"°' ; of rostrum beyond the eye, 0.68'°'° ; width of same, 0.46'°°' ; length of prothorax, 1.2°"" ; height of same, 1.3°'°' ; length of tegmina, 2.8°'°' ; width of same, 0.9°'"'. Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. Epicurus exanimis. PI. 7, Fig. 31 ; PI. 8, Figs. 30, 31, 38, 42. Eudiagogus ejcanimh Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 58 (1876). Epicwrus exauimh Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv., Terr. IV, 765 (1878). Thirty-one specimens of this species have been examined since the first. All those first obtained (by Mr. Richardson) were fragmentary, and most of them rather obscure ; they consist mostly of side aspects of the creature, but several are single elytra. Still the characters drawn from them appear to be all that can be found in the more perfect examples since found. The 480 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. head is rather large at base, tapering with a short, broad snout, not so deep as broad, equal and at the tip broadly rounded, directed downward and for- ward, slightly bent along the front margin ; the antennal sorobes extend from the front edge of the eye nearly to the end of the rostrum, and are broadest next the eye, where they are half as broad as the eye itself, taper- ing regularly throughout and shallow ; tlie eyes are moderately large, broadly oval, transverse or a little oblique, the upper extremity thrown backward and the lower forward. The protliorax is short, only about half as long as deep, not tumid, rather cylindrical, its surface smooth. The elytra are not broader nor higher at their base tlian the surface of the prouotum, and they are simple and furnished with seven equidistant, equalh' and not deeply impressed, longitudinal stria?, O.IG"""" apart from one another, and the outer ones an equal distance from the adjacent border ; tliese strije are pro- vided with slightly longitudinal |)unctures at regular intervals of about 0.1™™, by which the strioe are carried to about double their usual depth Some of the specimens have lost tlie elytra, and on these tlie posterior edge of the hind coxa? have been impressed througli tlie abdomen, giving the insects the appearance of being furnished with elytra winch cover but half of the abdomen. The same thing may be noticed in other species. Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5.75™™: of rostrum beyond the eye, 0.02™™ ; breadtli of same, 0.5"'" ; depth of same, 0.44™™ ; length of eye, 0 36™™; widthof same, 0.24™™; lengthof prothorax, 0.72™™ ; height of same, 1.3™™; length of elytra, 3.05™™ ; Avidthof same, 1.2™™ ; lengthof fore femora, 0.72™™ ; width of same, 0.32™™ ; length of middle femova, 0.8™™ ; width of same, 0.32™™; length of hind femora, 1.1™™; width of same, 0.34™™. Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. EpiCiERUS EFFOSSUS. PL 8, Figs. 7, 35. Eudiagogus effossm Sciulil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 85-86 (1876). Epica-rus effossua Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 765 (1878). Nearly fifty specimens of this species are at hand, all found in Richard- son's shales by Mr. Richardson, Mr. Bowditcli, and myself, besides two I found in bods at the same spot, but about tliirtv meters lower ; these were the only Coleoptera found at the Intter spot, excepting a single specimen of Otiorhynchus tumbse Scudd., belonging to the same family. Most of the COLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^. 481 specimens are composed of fragments of elytra, and the only specimens which are preserved entire are such as give a dorsal or ventral aspect. These, however, are enough to show that the}'- belong to a species closely allied to but distiuct from the preceding, differing principally in its smaller size, its slender and more tapering rostrum, the smaller circular eyes, and in the slightly more distant and rather more deeply impressed striae of the elytra. The following measurements will give a better understanding of the degree of difference between them in certain points : Length of body exclusive of rostrum, 5"™ ; breadth of same, 2.1'°°' ; width of rostrum at base, 0.48'°°' ; diameter of eyes, 0.28°'°' ; distance apart of the elytral striae, 0.18-0.20°'°'; distance apart of punctures in the striae. 0.1 1"". Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens. Family RHYNCHITID^E LeConte. EUGNAMPTUS Schonherr. EUGNAMPTOS GRAND 3;VUS. PL 8, Fig. 20. Sitones grandcevm Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 83-84 (1876). A single specimen, very poorly preserved, was found by Mr. Richard- son on Green River, at the crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad, and at the first description of the species this was all that was at hand. Little could be seen in it except a vague outline of the form of the body, with a broken rostrum ; the eye was large, obovate, longitudinally disposed, 0.42""° long and 0.25°°' broad ; the elytra were furnished with a number o^ slight, slender, raised ridges, 0.3 t™" apart, probably the reverses of striae. Two more specimens obtained at the same spot by Profs. Packard and Lee, and in better condition, show that it probably belongs to Eugnamptus, though it differs from that genus in the extreme feebleness of the elytral striation which is barely perceptible ; no punctures are discernible, but instead the elytra are sparsely clothed with exceedingl}^ delicate short hairs. The beak is slender and from in front of the eye about as long as the thorax; it, as well as the rest of the head, faintly subscabrous, while the thorax is very delicately and shallowly punctulate, so as to appear almost smooth, with a short delicate hair from each depression. VOL XIII 31 482 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. The measurements of the best specimen are : Length of head and rostrum, 1.35""; of thorax, 0.9""' ; of elytra, 2.6""° ; breadth of thorax, 1"". Green River, Wyoming. Three specimens, Nos. 15234 (F. C. A. Richardson), 101 (Prof L. A. Lee), 76 (Dr. A. S. Packard). EUGNAMPTUS DECEMSATUS. PI. 8, Fig. 12. Bugnamptus decemsatus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 764-765 (1878). A single elytron with a broken base is all that remains of this species. But this is peculiar on account of the supplementary humeral stria, whicli seems to be common in the Rhynchitidse, and at least very rare in the allogastral Rhyncophora, to which one would at first glance refer this fragment. So far as the material at hand permits determination it appears to agree best with the genus to which it is referred, on account of the dis- position of the punctuation and the form of the tip of the elytron. It repre- sents, however, a very large species, and one whose punctuation is very delicate. The elytron is long and rather narrow, indicating an elongated form for the body, as in this genus, with parallel sides and a bluntly rounded tip. There are ten complete equidistant rows of delicate, lightly impressed punctufes, those of the same row less distant than the width of the inter- spaces ; the outer row lies close to the outer border and is seated in an impressed stria, as also is the apical half of the inner row ; but the other rows show no such connections between the punctures which compose them ; at the base the rows curve very slightly outward to make place for a very short humeral row of punctures, parallel to the inner complete row, and composed of only three or four punctures on the part preserved ; the interspaces are smooth. Length of fragment, 4.5""; width of elytron, 1.5""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4046. Family RHIPIPHORID.E Gerstaecker. RHIPIPHORUS Fabricius. Rhipiphorus geikiei. PI. 27, Fig. 1. A single specimen preserved upon a side view seems clearly referable to Rhipiphorus except for the well rounded tip of the elytra. The three lines COLEOPTERA— TENEBRIONID^. 483 radiating from the head ia the phxte do not belong to the specimen but he at a slightly higher level, except the proximal half of the one lying next the body, which is the basal joint of the antennae, and which before careful study was taken for a beak, and the insect therefore placed among the Hemiptera. The head and thorax have the form and attitude of the Rhipiphoridse ; the eye is oval, twice as long as broad ; the basal joint of the antennae enlarges slightly from base to apex and is nearly as long as the head ; an ineffectual attempt was made to uncover the parts beyond and reveal the structure of the remaining joints. Tlie head and thorax are delicately scabrous rather than punctate, or punctate with the punctures run together transversely in an irregular manner. Tlie elytra are almost as long as the body, three and a half times as long as their basal breadth, the sutural margin perfectly straight until the rounding of the extreme apex begins, the outer margin broadly sinuous, the elytra shortly beyond the base diminishing rather rapidly in widtli as far as the middle, then subequal to just before the tip, which is half as broad as the base, strongly rounded, almost equally on each side ; the tip has been uncovered since the plate was made, and is in no sense pointed, but the inner side is subrectangular though rounded ; the surface is punctured, not deejjl}', the punctures separated by considerably more than their own diameter ; the outer boi'der is finely marginate, at least in the basal half The wings are ample, exceeding when closed the length of the abdomen, and wlien expanded surpassing by one-fifth the elytra ; they show at least four principal veins radiating from the base, some of them distinctly forked, and none showing marks of a transverse fold. Length of body, 9.75"™ ; elytra, 6™". Named for Dr. Archibald Qeikie, Director of the Greological Survey of Great Britain. Florissant. One specimen, No. 367. Family TENEBRIONID.^e Leach. TENEBRIO Linnd TeNEBRIO PRIMIGENIUS. PI. 2, Fig. 32. Tenebrio primigenius Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 183B, (1879). A single, complete, and well-preserved elytron represents a species of Tenebrionidae, a little larger than, and somewhat resembling, Tenebrio 484 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. molitor (Linn.), the beetle of the common meal-worm. It has been flattened by pressure, so as to show but little sign of having been arched, while at the same time the shape is fairly preserved. Wherever it differs in color from ihe stone it is piceous. The margins are very nearly parallel, approaching each other rather gradually and very regularly toward the tip ; there are eight equidistant, pretty strongly impressed, rather coarse, longitudinal striae, besides others next the outer margin, whose number can not be deter- mined, and a short scutellar stria, about as long as in T. molitor, but quite as distinct as the others ; the surface between the striae appears to be very minutely subrugulose, and shows in favorable light a faint transverse cor- rugation. Length of elytron, 11""°; breadth, 4.4°"". Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One sj^ecimen. No. 63 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). Family BRUCHID^E Leaeh. BRUCHUS Geoffroy. Bruchus anilis. PI. 5, Fig. 125. Bruehus anilis Scudd., BuU. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv.Terr., II, 82 (1876). The single specimen consists of two elytra, in natural juxtaposition seen from above. They have a brown color, which is wanting in certain places, but in so irregular a manner that it is doubtless fortuitous ; they are furnished with striae, but these, as well as all color, are entirely obliterated in the middle of the wing ; this again is doubtless a defect of preservation, since the sutural edges of the el3'tra are similarly affected ; the striae are deep, sharpl)^ cut, straight, subequidistant, eight in number, fiiding out at the apex of the elytra, the space between them smooth and arched. Length of one elytron, 5°"" ; breadth of same, 1.9""° ; distance of striae apart, 0.4.5°'". Chagrin Valle}-, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton), COLEOPTERA— CHKTSOMELID^. 485 Family CHRYSOMELID.^ Leach. GALERUCELLA Crotch. Galeeucella picea. PI. 2. Fig. 31. Gallermella picea Soudd., Eep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182-1836 (1879). A pair of rather poorly preserved elytra, parted at the tip, and showing between and through them the outlines of the abdominal segments represents a species of Chrysomelidse, which appears to be most nearly allied to the genus in which I have placed it and to be about the form of, and a little smaller than, G. maritiraa LeC The elytra are uniformly piceous throughout, showing no marks of lighter-colored borders ; there are faint indications of one or two marginal impressed lines in their outer half, and the whole sur- face seems to have been very minutely punctate, more faintly and finely than in the existing species mentioned. The abdomen is very broadly and very regularly rounded, subovate, and at least five segments of similar length can be determined. Breadth of the pair of elytra at base, 3.7.5""™; length of elytra, 5.5°"° ; breadth of abdomen, 3.25°" ; length of penultimate segment, 0.4°°'. Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 62 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). CRYPTOCEPHALUS Geofi^roy. Ceyptocephalus vetustus. PL 7, Figs. 29, 37. Cryptocephalus vetustut Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 764 (1878). This species is fairly represented by a pair of .specimens with their reverses. One pair exhibits the front, and by the drooping of the abdo- men the under surface of the insect with expanded elytra (one of them curiously foreshortened), the other the under surface only. The insect is broadly oval, and, except in being much stouter, closely resembles C. ven- ustus Fabr., with which it agrees in size. The thorax, as seen on a front view, is arched, and the proportion of the head to the thorax is as in the recent species mentioned. The elytra, which are the parts best preserved. 486 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. are rounded at the extremity, and are furnished with ten slightly arcuate rows of g-entle punctures, arranged inconspicuously in pairs, besides a sutural, slightly oblique row on the basal third of the elytra, terminating in the margin. This disposition of the punctures and the character of the head, sunken, as it were, into the thoracic mass, leave little doubt that the insect should be referred to Cryptocephalus. The elytra are of a uniform light horn color, but the body is darker. The body is more oval than in the parallel-sided C. venustus. Length of body, 4-4.5"'"; breadth of same, 2.6-3.2"™; length of elytra, 4'°" ; breadth of one of them, 1 .8""". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4003 and 4004, 4039. and 4044. DONACIA Fabricius. DONACIA STIRIA. PL 1, Fig. 28. This is represented by the mere fragment of an elytron, but witb a distinct kind of sculpturing. It seems to come as near D. porosicollis Lac as any of our modern species I have seen. The tip is the part preserved ; it is of a deep blue-black color, with an excessively tine, microscopic, trans- verse rugulation, delicately impressed narrow striae, the striae minutely punctulate, the first and last striae moderately distant from the margins, deeply impressed, and less distinctly punctate. It is apparently a rather small species. Length of fragment, 3.2°""; breadth of same, 1.4°"". Interglacial clays of the neighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14558 (G. J. Hinde). DoNACIA POMPATICA. PI. 1, Figs. 33, 34. This species, of which there are several examples at hand, is most nearly allied to our living D. pubicollis Suffr., but is much smaller or about the size of D. emarginata Kirb. As to the sculpture of the surface of the elytra (the only part preserved in any specimen), it would be difficult to say in what respect it differed from the former species except in tlie obliteration of the COLEOPTERA— SCARAB^ID^. 487 markings at the tip of the elytra, whicli seems to be characteristic of the fossil. In color it varies extremely ; in one (No. 14582) it is bluish purple : in another (No. 14566) it is deep brilliant violet; still another (No. 14577) lias it dark metallic green. In all, the colors are as fresh as if living. The punctured striaj are rather deep and the whole surface of the elytra trans- versely wrinkled at the punctures. Length of elytron, 5""° ; breadth, 1.45"". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Five specimens, Nos. 14566, 14573, 14577, 14581, 14582 (G. J. Hinde). Family SCARAB.EDI.E Leach. TROX Fabricius. Teox oustaleti. PI. 2, Fig. 22. Trox oustaleti Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 179-180B (1879). A single elytron, well preserved, appears^ to represent a species of Trox of about the size of T. terrestris Say, but with rather slender elytra. The elytron is subequal, narrowing rapidly and regularly at the tip, well arched, and was apparently still more arched originally, the middle portion having a flattened appearance, as if from pressure, with a narrow flattened outer margin ; the surface is completely and uniformly covered with thirteen or fourteen equal equidistant rows of frequent dull tubercles, as distant from one another in the rows as each row from its neighbor, and obsolescent toward the apex and the base, especially towards the former. In certain places there is a very slight appearance of greater prominence to every fourth row, which would hardly be noticed if its resemblance to modern species of Trox did not lead one to look for it ; the extreme tip is broken. The color is dark-brown, approaching black, but the whole central portion of a faded brown, nearly resembling the natural color of the stone in which it is preserved. Length of elytron, 4.25""" ; breadth, 1.85""°. Named after M. Emile Oustalet, of the Jardin des Plantes, whose re- searches on the Tertiary insects of Auvergne and Aix are well known. • Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 61 (Dr. G. M Dawson). 488 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. APHODIUS Illiger. Aphodius precursor. PI. 1, Fig. 11. Aphodiua precursor Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 245 (1876). " Elytra smooth, shining, feebly striate, strise shallow but rather wide ; punctures distant, round near the apex, becoming transverse near the base, intervals flat, smooth. " A species is indicated of the size and nearly of the sculpture of ruricola. The scutellum is short. Length of elytra, .10 inch.; 2.5°""." Horn, loc. cit. Of this species three elytra lie side by side in the same mass ; the middle one shows only the impression of the striae, being the reverse of the left elytron, which has been removed from its original position ; this and the right elytron are black, the striae distinct and moderately deep, with punct- ures as described by Dr. Horn. The striae are ten in number, and in the middle of the elytra are 0 IT""" apart. The left elytron shows the upper, the others the under, surface. -There nmst be some mistake in Dr. Horn's measurements ; the best preserved elytron, the contours of which are perfectly preserved, is 3.5°"" long and 1.65™™ broad and the others agree perfectly with it in size. Upon the same stone occur the remains of a pair of elytra (PI. 1, Figs. 16, 17) not noticed by Dr. Horn in his paper, but considered by him as belonging to the same species. This view is tenable only on the supposition that the right elytron (in which the chitine is preserved and which shows the upper surface) is imperfect, for there are but eight striae. When first examined by me both margins appeared perfect; but as they have since been damaged I refrain from further remark beyond the description of the frag- ments and the expression of my belief that they can not be referred to Apho- dius. The elytra, which are shining black, appear to be considerably flat- tened, are consequently nearly as broad at base as in the middle, and have the apical half rounded rather rapidly and the apex nearly square ; they possess eight distinct striae, made more conspicuous b}- bearing frequent, moderately distinct, small, round, occasionally elongate punctures ; the in- terspaces between the striae are O.lo"™ wide, flat and smooth ; the eighth stria is confluent anteriorly, and perhaps posteriorly, with the margin; 'and the margin itself is not only slightly refl 3x3d but foinns by the reflection COLEOPTERA— SCARAB^ID^. 489 a groove very similar to the striae and bearing similar punctures ; there is also a short and exceedingly slight and faint scutellar stria crowded against the scutellum. Length of elytron, 3"°" ; breadth, 1.3°"°. Not improbably these should be looked upon as belonging to Carabidae Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. ^GIALIA Latreille. ^GIALIA KUPTA. PI. 8, Fig. 19. A single specimen and its reverse are preserved with partially expanded strongly arched elytra.- Body elongated obovate, two and a half times longer than broad. Head small, broadly rounded in front, the eyes (not shown in the plate) moderately L^rge, Oval, less than half as large as one of the pair of oval distinct marks in the middle of the head posteriorly, which are either some parts beneath showing through, or ridges or the bases of horns on the upper surface. Prothorax about twice as broad as long, taper- ing anteriorly from the posterior edge and with rounded sides, the whole front border broadly emarginate, the hind margin scarcely convex, the sur- face indistinctly granulate. Elytra rather heavily striate, the striae rather distantly punctate. Length of body, 3.4°"°; of middle of prothorax, O.S""; of elytra, 2""; breadth of prothorax in front, O.T"""; the same behind, LI"""; of middle of body, 1.35"°'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 80 and 81 (Dr. A. S. Packard j. PHAN^US MacLeay. Phan^us antiquus. PI. 1, Figs. 12-14. Phanceas antiquus Horn, Trans. Aiuer. Ent. Soc, V, 245 (1876). " Elytra with feeble striaj, intervals moderately convex, surface slightly rugulose. Abdomen smooth. Length, .40 inch ; 10'""'. , " A species is indicated somewliat larger than carnifex ; the elytral sculpture is, however, more nearly that of pluto, inasmuch as the intervals 490 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. are regularly convex, and the striae not suddenly impressed at base. The remains consist of an impression with a small portion of the substance of both elytra in position, slightly separated at base by pressure so that a deceptive appearance of an elongate scutellum is presented ; also the impression of the abdominal segments with a small portion of chitlnous substance. " There is also the substance remaining of the greater portion of an elytron which probably belongs to the same species, in which the intervals are moderately convex and with traces of a few punctures, the striae being moderately impressed and not punctured." Horn, loc. cit. The elytra have seven feeble and dull striae ; the surface of the single elytron, which agrees altogether in size with the pair, is black and smooth, but faintly wrinkled transversely. Four segments of the abdomen are shown Length of one of the pair of elytra, 11°"" ; breadth of same, 5°"". Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. CHCERIDIUM Lepelletier-Serville. Chceridium! ebeninum. PI. 1, Figs. 18-22. Chtxridlumf ebeninum Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 244-245 (1876). " The remains for which the above name is suggested, consist of the greater portion of the thorax, the two elytra in a fair state of preservation and a portion of the abdominal segments. These may be described as fol- lows : " Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides feebly arcuate, gradually converging anteriorly, surface sparsely and finely punctate, pleurag longi- tudinall}^ finely strigose. Elytra rather wider, conjointly, than long, sides moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, disk with seven mod- erately impressed striae, the outer rather distant from the margin ; stria? entire and nearly parallel and equidistant. Intervals coarsely but sparsely punctured. Epipleura? sparsely punctate. Abdomen with coarse punct- ures at the sides, smoother at middle. "Length of thorax, .07 inch; 1.75°"". " Length of elytra, .14 inch ; 3.5°"". COLEOPTEEA— PTINIDJE. 491 "I have been really at a loss to know to what genus to refer these remains. They were at one time considered to be Saprinus, but the num- ber of the striae and their character forbid such a reterence. The species seems to have been rather smaller than our Choeridium histeroides, but undoubtedly resembled it in form. I Avould have referred the remains to Canthon near perplexus, but the thorax is by no means that of the genus." Horn, loc cit. The thorax of the specimen appears to have been broken off before reaching me, as the description given by Dr. Horn is inapplicable to any of the fragments before me. The pleuraj are not only "longitudinally finely strigose," but also delicately striate in the same direction. Aside from the punctuation the upper surface of the thorax is smooth. The outer discal stria of the elytra is very widely separated at base from the submarginal stria which runs closely parallel to the outer border. Length of elytron, S.B"™; breadth of same, 2'"'". Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. Family PTINID^E Leach. ANOBIUM Fabricius. AnOBIUM 1 OVALE. PL 8, Fig. 1. Anoiiumt ovale Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 762-763 (1878). The insect evidently appertains to a distinct genus of Ptinidse, in which the sides of the body are not parallel, but the body tapers posteriorly much, though not to the same extent, as anteriorly. It is, however, most nearly allied to Anobium, in which it is provisionally placed. It is about as large as Endecatomus rugosus LeC. The prothorax, viewed from above,, is bluntly conical, tapering rapidly. The body is broadest just behind the base of the elytra, and tapers slightly at first, more rapidly afterward, and is rounded posteriorly ; thus the whole body has an ovate outline. Tlie pronotum is minutely and verj^ profusely punctulate in black, the punctures being slightly elongated longitudinally, and appears to have been covered profusely with slight asperities or a coarse pile (much perhaps as in Ende- catomus rugosus). The elytra, which are nearly three times as long as 492 TEETIAEY INSECTS OF NUETH AMEEICA. broad and taper regularly from near the base to near the tip, show no mark of such asperities, but are profusely punctate in black, made up of scattered punctse, about 0.03°"" in diameter, not altogether irregularly disposed, although at first sight having that appearance, but showing in many places, not uniformly, signs of a longitudinal distribution into from fourteen to sixteen rows. The elytra, indeed, resemble those of Bostrychus capucinus (Linn.), but I am not aware that similar markings occur on smaller PtinidoB. Length of body, 4.3°"° ; breadth of same, 2°"°; length of elytra, 3.15°"". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 97 (Dr. A. S. Packard) and 4038 (S. H. Scudder). AnOBIUM ? DECEPTUM. PI. 8, Fig. 18. Anoiium deceptum Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 763 (1878). Another specimen, representing an elytron only, evidently belongs to the same genus as the last, and at first sight appeared to be of the same species, as it belongs to an insect of the same size, and the punctures on the elytra are similarly disposed ; they are, however, if anything, more thickly crowded, so as to form about eighteen rows in the rather broader elytron ; and not only is the elytron broader and. shorter than in the preceding spe- cies, being less than two and a half times longer than broad, but it scarcely tapers at all in the basal three-fifths, and beyond that more rapidly than in the species last described. Length of el3'tron, 3°""; breadth of same, 1.25"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4086. Anobium lignitum. PI. 8, Fig. 24. Anobium Ugnitxim Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 763 (1878). A third species of this family, with irregularly punctate elytra, is rep- resented by a single specimen, giving a dorsal view of pronotum and elytra. It differs generically from the two preceding species, and agrees better with Anobium proper in having a more gibbous and less conical prothorax, and in having the sides of the elytra parallel through most of their extent. It is considerably smaller than either of the preceding species. The prothorax COLEOTPERA— BUPEESTID^. 493 is one-third the length of the body, minutely punctate and scabrous, taper- ing only a little in its basal and considerably in its anterior half, the fi'ont well rounded. The elytra are about two and a half times longer than broad, equal on the basal two-thirds, and then rounding rapidly inward, so that the posterior outline of the body is more broadly rounded than the anterior outline ; the elytra are profusely punctate with little pits, averag- ing scarcely more than 0.02""" in diameter, distributed at pretty regular intervals, but not forming anything like longitudinal series, and so near together as to be equivalent to about fourteen rows. The whole body is uniformly black. Length of body, 3.75°""; of elytra, 2.5"='"; width of body, Lg"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4082. SITODREPA Thomson. SiTODREPA DEFUNCTA. Sitodrepa defuncia Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 82 (1876). A single elytron, with its reverse, is very poorly preserved, more than twice and a half as long as broad, equal until near the tip, which is rounded off; it is traversed by eight or nine very slightly impressed and delicate punctate striae O.!""" apart. Length, 2.75""" ; breadth, LOe"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 191 and 15206 (F. C. A. Richardson). Family BUPRESTID.E Stephens. BUPRESTIS Unni. BUPRESTIS TERTIARIA. PI. 2, Fig. 23. BupresUs tertiaria Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 180-181B (1879). Three specimens were obtained of this species, all of them elytra. One shows the two elytra crossed at the base, and a reverse of this shows the cast of the upper surface ; the other two are single and perfect elytra, both exhibiting the upper surface, one in relief, the other as a cast, but they are not i-everses. This and the two following species classed under 494 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Buprestis agree closely together, but do not seem to be plainly referable to any recent American genus, although approaching nearest Buprestis or Ancylocheira. They seem to be nearly related also to the Tertiary species from Sieblos, described by Heyden under the name of B. senecta. For the present I place them in Buprestis. The elytra are very long and slender, nearly four times as long as broad, equal throughout the basal two-thirds, then gradually and very reg- ularly tapering by the sloping of the outer edge, the tip a little produced and rounded, and about one-fourth as broad as the middle of the elytron. The surface is ornamented by ten rows of very distinct striae with rather deeply impressed punctse ; these striae are a little sinuous near the base, and there is also a scutellar stria extending down nearly one-third of the elytron ; the outer stria unites with the margin in the middle of the outer half of the elytron ; the three inner and two other outer striae extend to the apex, while the four interior striae terminate : the inner pair a little beyond the termination of the outer stria, the outer pair still a little farther toward the apex, thus allowing for the narrowing of the elytra; the surface between the striae is much broken by sliglit transverse corrugations, giving, with the punctate striae, a rough appearance to the elytra. This species differs from the two following by the great slenderness of the elytra and the more delicate tapering of its tip. Length of elytron, 6.5"™; breadth, 1.7°"°. Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Three speci- mens, Nos. 48, 51 and 52, 54 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). Buprestis saxigena. PI. 2, Figs. 24, 25. Buprestis saxigena Scndd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879). This species is represented by several elytra or fragments of elytra, sometimes preserved by pairs in natural connection. It is very closely allied to the last, but differs from it in having the elytra less slender, the breadth being contained about three and a half times in the length, and in the rather greatef coarseness of the punctuation and transverse corrugation. The striae are the same in number, but are, perhaps, a little more sinuous, and the scutellar stria is shorter, hardly extending so much as a quarter-way down the inner margin ; the other striaj terminate in much the same way as COLEOPTERA— BUPRBSTIDiE. 495 in B. tertiaria, but the seventh stria (from the suture) frequently runs to, or very nearly to, tlie tip ; the extreme tip is formed precisely as in B. ter- tiaria, but the sides of the elytra, running' parallel throughout three-quar- ters of their length, taper toward the apex more abruptly than in the pre- ceding species, though with the same regularity. Tliis species stands mid- way between the other two here described in the form of the apical third of the elytra. Length, 6.2'"°' ; breadth, 1.7""". Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Five speci- mens, Nos. 47 and 54, 49, 50, 55, 56 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). BUPRESTIS SEPULTA. PI. 2, Fig. 26. Buprestis sepulta Scudd., Kep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879). A single specimen, showing the greater part of both elytra in natural conjunction, must be separated from the two preceding by its still broader elytra with more rapidly tapering apex. The elytra are slightly less than three and a half times longer than broad, with sides parallel throughout three-quarters of their length, then suddenly tapering, the extreme tip shaped as in the other species, only more produced, so as to form more dis- tinctly a kind of lobe, the outer margin being very slightly and roundly excised just before the produced tip. The surface is perhaps even rougher than in the other species, but the stride appear to be less sinuous; the scu- tellar stria is destroyed in both elytra of the single specimen before me ; the outer stria terminates as in B. tertiaria, but the inner pair of the middle series of striae is here the longer, extending barely to the tip of the outer stria, while the outer pair is a little shorter ; the produced tip of the elytra is a little shorter than in the preceding species, but similarly rounded apically. Length of elytron, 6.7"" ; breadth, 2"". Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men, No. 53 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). 496 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family ELATERID^E Leach. OXYGONUS LeConte. OXYGONUS MORTUUS. PI. 5, Figs. 110. 111. Oxygonus mortuus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 81 (1876). The single elytron and its reverse obtained is slender, the humeral angle well rounded, the outer edge apparently a little marginate ; it is almost equal until near the tip, when it tapers to a point. This peculiarity leads me to refer it to Oxygonus, although the ape.x; is not produced so much as in recent species of that group. It is furnished with eight equidistant, rather strongly impressed, but delicate striae, that nearest the suture almost incroaching upon the margin ; these striae are equidistant anteriorly and in the middle, but posteriorly they converge toward each other. Length of elytron, 4.55°"" ; breadth, 1.72""° ; distance of striae apart, 0.2"°. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). CORYMBITES Latreille. CORYMBITES VELATUS. CorymUtes velatits Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., II, 81 (1876). A single specimen, with its reverse, found. The head and prothorax are gone, but both upper and under surface of the rest of the body, includ- ing the elytra, may be seen in each impression with nearly equal dis- tinctness. The insect appears to have been about the size of C. mediauus (Germ.), but more closely allied in form to C. splendens (Ziegl.). The legs have been destroyed, but the middle and hind coxal cavities may be seen. Tiie elytra are of the length of the abdomen, acutely angled, almost pointed at tlie tip, and furnished near the outer edge with a broad and shallow fur- row, whose outer limit is abrupt and thus well marked. Besides this the elytra are faintly and distantly striate, with five or six rows of striae, and the mesosternum and metasternum are very delicately granulate. Length of fragment, 6""° ; breadth, 3""° ; distance between anterior edges of middle and hind coxae, 1.75°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. Nos. 137 and 15249 (F. C. A. Richai'dson). COLEOPTERA— ELATEKIDiE. 497 CRYPTOHYPNUS Eschscholtz. CrYPTOHYPNUS ? TEREESTEIS. PI. 2, Fig, 30, Cri/ptoliypnus ? terrestris Soudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Snrv. Can., 1877-1878, 181-182B (1879). A single, very nearly perfect, elytron, broken slightly at the base, which belongs, with little doubt, to the Elateridaj, is pi'ovisionally referred to this genus. The form of the elytron is as in C. planatus LeC, which is slightly larger than the fossil species. The surface is very minutely jiunc- tato-rugose, and the strite are sharp and clearly defined. In nearly all Elateridse the fourth stria from the suture unites with the third rather than with the fifth, although it often runs independently to the tip. In Crypto- hypnus there appears to be more latitude, nearly any of the striae uniting with either of their neighbors ; and in this species the fourtli unites with the fifth some distance before the tip, while the first three run to the ex- tremity of the elytron, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, following the curve of the outer margin, terminate near the tip of the third stria. Length of elytron, 5.5""™; breadth, l.TS"""^. Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One speci- men, No. 59 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). From the same locality were brought the remains of another insect, consisting of the metasternal plates, one side complete, the other broken, and plainly belonging to the Elateridse. The perfect side agrees so well with the same part in Cryptohypnus planatus LeC. that I refer it to the fossil species above described, which its size renders entirely admissible. It is, however, relatively longer than in C. planatus, the perfect half being about a third longer than broad, not including, of course, the side pieces* which are not preserved. The surface is densely and rather heavily punc- tate, more densely and perhaps less deeply next tlie coxal cavities; the median line (separating the two lateral halves of the whole metasternum) is very deeply impressed, but the furrow dies out anteriorly in the projec- tion between the coxae. Length of metasternum, 2.1°"°, VOL XIII '62 498 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. EPIPHANIS Eschscboltz. Epiphanis deletus. PI. 5, Figs. 113, 114. Epiphanis deletus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 80-81 (1876). On account of the structure of the antennae and general resemblance of this insect to Epiphanis cornutus Eschsch, I have placed it in the same genus ; but the form of the prothorax differs somewhat in the two species. The head is moderately large, subquadrate, the antennae moniliform, com- posed of twelve (preserved) equal joints. The thorax is nearly quadrate with straight sides, the front lateral angles rectangular, the front border straight or scarcely concave, the hind border slightly angulate ; the elytra are slender and taper from the middle backward ; they are too poorly pre- served to show the markings. Length, .5°"" ; breadth, 1.52""° ; length of head, 0.94°"" ; breadth of same, 0.96°"° ; length of prothorax, 1.12°'°'; breadth of same, 1.24"°' ; length of elytra, 2.8.5°'°'; breadth of same, O.TG"" ; length of antennae, l.e""; of sixth joint of same, O.IS"". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). Elateeid^ ? sp. PI. 2, Fig. 28. Elattridirf sp. Sciuld., Kep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Cau., 1877-11378, ISSB (1879). In the Collection of the Geological Survey of Canada there is an elytron with the base nearly destroyed which resembles in striation the Hydro- philidae, but is far too elongated to belong to that family, resembling rather the Elateridag. It is so imperfectly preserved that, perhaps, a nearer determi- nation is impossible at present. There are eight rather faintly impressed but distinct striae, the outermost a little more distinct, especially toward the tip. Width of elytron, 1.25°'°' ; its apparent length, 4.5°'°'. Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 60 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). COLEOPTERA— NITIDULID^E. 499 Family BYRRHID.E Leach. NOSODENDRON Latreille. NOSODENDRON TRITAVUM. PI. 7, Fig. 36. A single specimen is preserved, a little larger and a little stouter than our N. iinicolor, and which shows the under surface of tlie body with tlie head bent under and with the elytral markings showing thi'ougli to a certain extent. The head appears to be smooth ; four segments are shown behind the hind coxse, occupying about one-third of the abdomen, and, excepting for the slightly longer posterior segment, of equal length and all uniformly, profusely, and minutely punctate. The elytra show here and there signs of faintly impressed distant strife, which do not appear on the plate. Length of body, 5""° ; breadth, 3.6™™ ; distance apart of elytral strias, A 9 ram Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 86 (Dr. A. S. Packard). Family NITIDULID^E Leach. PHENOLIA Erichson. Phenolia incapax. PI. 7, Fig. 23. PhenoUa incapax Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 80 (1876). Represented only by a single specimen and its reverse, showing the under surface of the body, from which the appendages have been torn. It closely resembles in size, form, and the relation of the parts P. gi-ossa (Fabr.), but differs from it in the character of the under surface of the body, which in the fossil species is very minutely and very faintly punctulate, and the posterior edges of the segments are not I'aised. Length of fragment, 5:5™™ ; of abdomen, 2.3™™ ; breadth of same, 3™™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 133 and 15201 (F. C. A. Richardson). 500 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PROMETOPIA Erichson. Prometopia depilis. PI. 2, Fig:. 29. Prometopia depilis Sciidd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Siirv. Can., 1875-1876, 278-279 (French ed., 308-309) (1877). This beetle appears to belong to the Nitidulid.t?, but where it should be generically located is a matter of some doubt. It resembles most among our American forms the genus in which I have provisionally placed it, but so few really generic features remain that one can judge by little other than accessory characters. The head is wanting and the thorax is broken, and though exhibiting the under surface, the markings of the elytra can be readily seen, as is frequently the case in fossil beetles. The form of the elytra and scutellum is precisely that of Prometobia sexmaculata, excepting that the base oftlie elytra is more distinctly angulate ; beneath, the elytra are expanded just as there, and punctured in much the same irregular and minute manner, but equally so at the extreme border beneath, instead of being furnished at this point with transverse riigas ; the punctures are 0.028""" in diameter, and do not give origin to hairs; the elytra are dark castaneous, and have a dull ridge along the sutural margin. The thorax is black and proportionally shorter than in Prometopia, but otherwise it appears to have the same form, although the characteristic lat- eral j^rojections of the front border are broken off, only the slightest indica- tion of that on the left side appearing in a portion of the curve of the front border. The thorax is more minutely punctate than the elytra, and the punctse are connected by the slightest possible impressed lines, giving it somewhat of a corrugated appearance ; a few of the abdominal segments may be seen, the pygidium extending just beyond the elytra ; all these joints are black, smooth, and shining, without trace of hairs or punctures. Length of fragment, 5.5""" ; length of middle of thorax, 1.25""' ; breadth of same, 3.2""^; length of elytra, 3.75"'™; breadth of united elytra, 3.35'"'". Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 24 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). OOLEOPTERA— C'UCUJID^. 501 Family CRYPTOPHAGID.^ Kirby. ANTHEROPHAGUS Latreille. Antherophagus priscus. PI. 7, Figs. 24, 35. Antherophagus priacus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., II, 79-80 (1876) ; inZittel, Handb. d. PaljBont., I, ii, 799, Fig. 1051 (1885). Several specimens, representing either the upper or the under surface of the body, have been obtained. They resemble A. ochraceus Melsh. in general appearance. The head is nearly as broad as the thorax and well rounded ; the eyes are about circular, 0.11"™ in diameter; the mandibles are stout, about twice as long as their breadth at base, tapering but slightly ; the labium is narrow. The prothorax is about twice as broad as long, smooth, the front border slightly concave above, rather strongly concave below, the sides gently and regularly convex, the anterior angles rectangular, the pos- terior less prominent, the hind border broadly convex. The prosternum and the other sternal portions of the thorax seem to be delicately gran- ulose ; the middle coxae are about equidistant from the others, or perhaps slightly closer to the hind pair, and the fore coxae are more closely approx- imated to each other than the others, being- separated by less than their own width. The scutellum is small, scarcely longer than broad. The elytra are smooth, equal, tap3ring only near the tip, the extremity of each independently and roundly pointed. Length, 3.2™™ ; breadth, 1.65™" ; breadth of head, 1.05™™ ; of prothorax, 1.53™™; length of same, 0.75™™; of elytra, 2.1™™; breadth of same, 0.9™™. Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 4191, 15152 and 15143, 15202, 15252 (Richardson, Bowditch, Scudder). Family CUCUJID.E Stephens. PARANDRITA LeConte. Pakandrita vestita. PI. 7, Fig. 41. Body stout. Head quadrate, twice as broad as long, the posterior and lateral margins straight, the front margin between the bases of the antennae 502 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AJVIERICA. made of three uearl}' equal emarginations, one at the base of each mandi- ble, and one, slightly broader, the emargination of the labrum. These scarcely show on the plate, where the anterior edge wrongly appears, espe- cially on the left side, to be somewhat in advance of the front margin of the eyes. Mandibles large, stout, nearly as long as the head. Eyes small, circular, situated with the antennae at the anterior angles of the head, as distant as possible from the prothorax. Prothorax slightly broader than the head and of the same shape, excepting that the posterior angles are broadly rounded and so not closely connected with the elytra, the humeral angles of which are also rounded. These are slightly broader than the prothorax, somewhat longer than the rest of the body, entire, with parallel sides They are weakly and distantly striate, the strifR marked by sparsely arranged erect setre about as long as the interspaces. Similar setas are scattered sparsely over the head and prothorax and even the base of the mandibles. Length of body, 7°"" ; of head and mandibles, 1.75°"° ; of prothorax, 1.2°"°; of elytra, 4""°; breadth of head, 2"°'; of prothorax, 2.35'°°'; of ely- tra, 2.65"°°'. This species differs so much in its general aspect, and especially in its comparative breadth, the great breadth of the head, and the squareness of the prothorax, from P. cephalotes LeC, with which I have especially com- pared it, that I have hesitated somewhat to place it in the same genus. Casey does not recognize the generic distinction of Parandrita from Lfemo- phlseus, but if this fossil be considered a member of the group there can be little doubt of its value. Green River, Wyoming. Four specimens, Nos. 87 (Dr. A. S. Pack- ard) ; 83, 85, 95 (Prof L. A. Lee). Family EROTYLID^S Leach. MYCOTRETUS Chevrolat. MYCOTRETUS BINOTATUS. PI. 7, Fig. 30. Mycotretiis hinotata Scudd., Bull.U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 763-764 (1878); inZittel, Handb. d. PaliEont., I, ii, 800, Fig. 1053 (1885). A single specimen with its reverse represent the dorsal aspect of this species, which closely resembles M. sanguinipennis Lac. in shape. It is, COLEOPTEKA— STAPHYLINID^. 503 however, a little smaller, the thorax tapers less rapidly, and the elytra are not striate. The head is badly preserved, being crowded under the thorax ; it appears, however, to be very small, about half as broad as the thorax, with a broadly rounded front, large eyes, and a dark color. The thorax is about two and a half times broader than long, with slightly convex sides, regularly tapering toward the apex, but not so rapidly as would seem to be required for so proportionally narrow a head ; the front border broadly concave, the hind border very obtusely angulate, scarcely produced as a broad triangle in the middle ; the surface is of a light color, very minutely and profusely punctulate, the hind borders faintly marginate, the margin black and punctate. The elytra are more elongate than, and do not taper so rapidly as, in M. sanguinipennis ; they are of the color of the thorax, even more delicately punctulate than it, with two small, short, black, longi- tudinal, impressed dashes just outside the middle, and just before the end of the basal third ; the basal edge of the elytra is marked in black, much as the posterior border of the pronotum ; and the scutellum is small, owing to the encroachment of the median prolongation of the prothorax. Total length, 3.5""° ; length of thorax, 0.6°"» ; of elytra, 2.5""° ; breadth of head, 0.75"'" ; of thorax in front, 1.2°*"; behind, 1.45""; of elytra at the spots, 2.1"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3990 and 4015. Family STAPHYLINID^E Leach. OXYTELUS Gravenhorst. OXYTELUS PKISTINUS. PI. 5, Figs. 118-120. Oxyteluspiistinus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, *9 (1876). A single faii'ly preserved specimen, but of which none of the append- ages excepting the elytra are visible. Apart from the labral prolongation, which is as in other species of Oxytelus, the head is subquadrate, slightly broader than long, the eyes occupying the whole lateral outline and but little convex ; the sutural divisions of the under surface show through upon the upper surface (which is exposed to view), obscuring somewhat the parts above. The prothorax is somewhat injured, but was evidently subquadrate, a little broader than the head, nearly a third broader than long, the front 504 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. border slightly concave, the outer margin a little convex, the posterior angles and posterior border exactly as in Oxytelus rugosus (Grav.) ; the surface is delicately punctulate as in the species named, and there is a very slight, shallow, and broad median longitudinal sulcation, whose walls, how- ever, are not elevated into ridges, as usual in the species of Oxytelus. The right elytron is expanded, and is therefore in the most favorable position for examination; it is more than half as long again as broad, the humeral angle well rounded otf, the outer margin very gently convex, the apex squarely truncate but slightly convex ; the surface is covered rather pro- fusely and uniformly with shallow circular punctures resembling those of the prothorax, and averaging about 0.04"" in diameter. The abdomen is much as usual in Oxytelus, the sides slightly convex, and the tip of the abdomen bluntly and rather regularly rounded ; it was evidently furnished rather abundantly with very fine, short hairs. Length of body, 4.2""; of head, 0.78""; breadth of same, 8""; length of eyes, 0.54""; breadth of same, 0.18""; length of prothorax, 0.72"" ; breadth of same, 0.9"" ; length of elytra, 1.22"" ; breadth of same, 0.75"" ; breadth of abdomen, 1.16"". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. W. Denton. BLEDIUS Leach. Bledius adamus. P]. 8, Fig. 10. Bledius adamus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 762 (1878). A rather poorly preserved specimen shows the dorsal view of the body without the legs or anteimse. It is of about the size of B. annularis LeC, and resembles it in general appearance, but seems to have shorter teg- mina, although these are obscure ; it is also a rather slenderer species. The head is large, as broad as the thorax, with rather large eyes. The thorax is quadrate, and the elytra together quadrate, and of the same size as the thorax. The abdomen beyond the elytra is as long as the rest of the body; apically it expands somewhat, and the extremity is shaped as in the species mentioned. Length of body, 4.4"" ; breadth of thorax, 0.75"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4081. COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINIDiE. 505 Bledius glaciatus. PJ. 1, Fig. 35. Allied to B. brevidens LeC. A single elytron, about twice as long as broad, the sides almost parallel and straight, slightly broader than elsewhere just before the tip, the apical margin straight, not inclined, the outer poste- rior angle gently rounded, the outer border slightly, the inner scarcely, margined, the deflexed portion of the outer margin narrow, equal, termi- nating at the middle of the outer half Texture delicate, the surface slightly, irregularly, and not very closely punctate. A very small and rather broad scutellum is indicated by the shape of the inner basal angle, which is not quite accuratel}^ given on the plate. Length of elytron, 1.9™™; breadth, 1.1™". Interglacial clays of the neighborhood of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14540 (G. J. Hinde.) OXYPORUS Fabricius. OXYPORUS STIRIACUS. PI. 1, Fig. 36. A single elytron, less than twice as long as broad, somewhat broken at the base, with very straight and almost parallel sides, enlarging to the least possible degree apically. It is a rather small species, of delicate texture, with smooth, unsculptured surface, except for the slightly impressed lines wliich follow the sutural and outer margins, giving a thickened appearance to either edge. The outer margin is gently and regularly convex, the outer posterior angle gently rounded, and the deflexed portion of the outer mar- gin very narrow, equal, and reaching as far as the rounded apical part. Length of elytron, 1.8™"'; breadth, 1.12™™. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14552 (G. J. Hinde.) LATHROBIUM Gravenhorst. • Lathrobium abscessum. PI. 8, Figs. 15, 21, Lathrobium ahsceasum Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 791 (187G). Two fragmentary specimens were taken by Mr. Richardson near Green River Crossing, Wyoming. The head is smooth, subquadrate, broader 506 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AlVIERICA. than long, with shghtly convex sides and hind border, the eyes of medium size, obovate, a little in advance of the middle of the head. The prothorax is smooth, as broad as the head, shaped quite as in L. elongatum (Linn.), the sides straight, the anterior angles rounded off, the whole posterior border well rounded. The abdomen is also as in the species mentioned, with rounded, tapering tip, but the elytra are shorter, being barely as long as the prothorax, with rounded apices. Length of body, 6.25"™; of head, 0.96"""; of eyes, 0.25""; breadth of head, 1.02""; length of prothorax, 1.16"" ; of elytra, 1.05""; breadth of abdomen, 1.2"". The above is the original description of the species. Since then other specimens have been found by Dr. Packard and myself, some of which are better preserved. These show that the head is of about equal length and breadth, well rounded, and witli the surface slightly granular, as is also the prothorax ; the last is of a very short oval shape, with regularly rounded sides, scarcely more prominent anteriorly than posteriorly. Green River, Wyoming. Seven specimens, Nos. 5, 155** (F. C. A. Richardson); 84, 94 (Dr. A. S. Packard); 3987, 4049, 4088 (S. H. Scudder). Latiirobium interglaciale. PI. 1, Fig. 38. A single elytron indicates a species nearly as large as L. grande LeC, but with coarser sculpturing than is common in this genus and more as in Cryptobium ; but in the latter genus the posterior margin is outwardly pro- duced. The inner basal angle indicates a pretty large scutellum. The elytron is of nearly uniform width, with a nearly straight outer margin but gently rounded, the greatest width close to the tip ; the posterior outer angle is rounded off and the posterior margin straight. The deflexed portion of the outer margin is narrow, subequal, rapidly tapering just before its termi- nation, extending just beyond the middle of the apical half of the elytron ; inner margin simple, l^exture dense, the surface of elytron coarsely, rather shallowly, and not very closely, irregularlj- punctate, and marked besides by four or five short, shallow, irregular, longitudinal grooves just within and before the middle. Length of elytron, 2.5"" ; width of upper surface, 1.25°"". Interglacial clays near Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14555 (G. J. Hinde). OOLEOPTEKA— STAPHYLINIDJ3. 507 LEISTOTROPHUS Perty. Leistotkophus patriarchicus. PI. 5, Fig. 112. Leiatotrophus patriarchicus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geo}. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 78-79 (1876). A single greatly crushed and ill defined specimen. Above, the head is broader than long, the front very broadly and regularly rounded, the jaws projecting triangularly beyond it ; the eyes are large, nearly as long as the head and just as long as the width of the space between them ; the whole head is minutely and uniformly granulate. The collar, which is not granulate, is of the same width as the part of the head between the eyes, and about half as long as the head ; on one side of and in direct connection with this are some crushed fragments, apparently of one of the fore coxae and femora, which distort its appearance. The prothorax is of about the size of the head, quadrate, with rounded coi'ners and a slight elevated rim, without punctures or granulations. The elytra are very short, broader than long, quadrate, squarely truncate at the tip, leaving no signs of an exposed scutellum, faintly and distantly punctulate. The outline of the middle coxse is impressed through the remains of the insect, showing them to be shaped as in Creophilus and Leistotrophus. The abdomen is as broad as the thorax, not much longer than broad, broadly rounded apically, fur-^ nished with hairs on the ujiper surface and apical tufts as in Creojihilus villosus (Grav.) ; there are, however, no signs of punctulation. Length of fragment, 12°""; of head, 2.5°"°; breadth of same, 3.75"°"; length of eyes, 2"°'; breadth of same (as seen from above), 0.88°"°" ; length of tegmina, 1.75°""; breadth of same, 2°"°^; breadth of abdomen, 3.8°'°'; length of middle femora, 2.3°"°; breadth of same, 0.6.5™"; length of middle coxse, 2.5°""; breadth of same, l.l™"; length of hind femora, 2™™; of hind tibic^, 2.5°'°'. White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton). QUEDIUS Stephens. The two species described here from Florissant differ considerably from each other in general appearance, but appear to be structurally simi- lar. They differ, one more markedly than the other, from modern species 508 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. of the genus in the great brevity of the antennse and of their separate joints, as well as, so far as can be seen, in the shortness and stoutness of the legs. QUEDIUS CIIAMBERLINI. PI. 10, Fig. 8. Head moderately large, ovate, with a slightly constricted neck. Antennic considerably longer than the head, reaching about to the middle of the thorax, the third joint a little longer than the second, scarcely increasing in breadth apically, the last joint no broader than the penulti- mate and scarcely, if at all, longer than broad. Prothorax fully as long as the head and narrower than long, subequal, smooth, and black. Legs shorter and stouter than in our smaller species of Quedius, but otlierwise similar. Elytra longer than the prothorax, of the same color and densely, finely, and briefly pilose. Abdomen black, narrowing posteriorly, the part beyond the elytra longer than the rest of the body. Although longer than in the other species of Quedius here described, the antennse are still markedly shorter than in our living forms. Length, 7.25°"" ; breadth, 1.5""". The species was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named for the distinguished geologist. President Chamberlin, of the University of Wisconsin. Florissant. Four specimens, Nos. 1478, 6615 and 7083, 10627, 12057 and 12483. Quedius breweri. PI. IG, Fig. 4. Head large, ovate, apparently smooth, with distant punctures, the neck slightly constricted ; mandibles stout and not very long ; antennse but little longer than the head, increasing very slightly in size aj^ically, the third joint a little shorter than the second, the last subpyriform, a little longer tlian broad, while the penultimate is broader than long. Prothorax smooth like the head, not at all explanate, apparently of about equal length and breadth, narrowing a little anteriorly, furnished with a few distant, scattered, erect bristles. Legs apparently much as in Q. molochinus (Grav.), to wliich it appeai-s to be most nearly allied, though a slenderer insect. Elytra rather shorter and scarcely broader than the prothorax, COLEOPTEEA— STAPHYLINID^. 509 thinly clad with rather long hairs, which are darker than the also sparse hairs of the abdomen ; abdomen with parallel sides and rounded tip. The species is remarkable for its slenderness, the brevity of the antennjB, and the stoutness of the mandibles. Length, 8.5"""; breadth, l.S"'". The species was described from other specimens than the one figured. It is named after the Western explorer and botanist, Prof W. H. Brewer, of Yale College. Florissant. Five specimens, Nos. 3863, 5800, 8259, 13635 and 14161, besides 1.381 from the Princeton Collection. GYROPHtENA Mannerheim. Gyroph^na saxicola. PI. 5, Figs. 123, 124. Gyrophwiui saxicola Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Torr., II, 78 (1876). A single specimen of a species allied to G. vinula Er. has the head well rounded, witli large round eyes and a rounded labrum. The pro- thorax is but vaguely defined on the stone, and is apparently of about equal breadth with the head, and shorter than broad. The elytra are of equal length and breadth, each with a pair of longitudinal, straight, deli- cate, raised lines. There is no sculptming of the surface ; no wings can be seen, nor legs, and the indistinctly preserved abdomen is shaped as in G. vinula. Length of body, 1.84"'™. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). HOMALOTA Mannerheim. HOMALOTA RECISA. - PI. 8, Fig. 14. The head is tolerably large, produced and tapering anteriorly but well rounded at tip ; eyes globular, moderately large. Thorax a little broader than the head, subquadrate, broader than long (but this feature exaggerated in the figure), with gently rounded sides and profusely and rather delicately punctate surface. Elytra together considerably broader than the thorax, about as long as their united breadth, with scattered short hairs apparently 510 TERTIAKY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. arising from shallow punctse. Abdomen beyond the elytra of the width of the thorax, and retaining that width for four segments ; the four segments beyond that, and especially the longer penultimate and antepenultimate segments, tapering considerably, the last segment bluntly pointed, triangular. From indications in the clearer parts the abdomen would appear to have been faintly and rather distantly punctate. Length of body, 4.5°""; width at elytra, 1.1°"". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens. No. 78 (Dr. A. S. Packard), No. 3996 (S. H. Scudder). STAPHYLINITES gen. nov. (Staphylinus, nom. gen.). Staphylinites obsoletum. PI. S, Fig. 32. Staphi/Hnites obsoletum Scudd., Ball. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, 78 (1876). The single specimen obtained is too poorly preserved to determine until further material is obtained to what genus of Staphylinidse it should be referred. Following, therefore, the lead of Prof Oswald Heer in similar cases, it is referred to a provisional genus Staphylinites. The head, thorax, and abdomen are of equal breadth ; the eyes are round and rather large ; the posterior border of the pronotum is well rounded ; the elytra are simple, about twice as long as broad, truncate, and very broadly rounded, with a large, roundish, very dark spot occupying the whole of the tip. Length of fragment, 3.25°"°; breadth of same, 1.25°"°; diameter of eyes, 0.45""; length of elytra, 1.25°=". Grreen River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 15200 (Mr. F. C. A. Richardson). Family HYDROPHILID^E Leach. CERCYON Leach. CeRCYON I TERKIGENA. PI. 2, Fig. 21. Cercyon t ierrigena Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can , 1877-1878, 179B (1879). A single elytron with the base broken off appears to represent a species of Hydrophilidse, and perhaps is most nearly related to Cercyon, but of this COLEOPTERA— HTDROPHILIDiE. 511 tliere is mucli doubt. The elytron is pretty well arched, equal nearly to the tip, then rapidly rounded off, indicating an ovate beetle with the shape of a Hydrobius or a shorter insect, and of about the size oiHelophorus lineatus Say. Eight fixintly impressed unimpunctured striae are visible, the outer one, and to some extent the one next it, deeper ; these two xinite close to the tip, curving strongly apically ; the next two curve slightly near their ex- tremity, but ai"e much shorter, not reaching the fourth stria from the suture, which, like the remaining three, pursues a straight course to the seventh stria. The surface between the striae is nearly smooth, jjiceous. Length of fragment, 2.4""; breadth of elytron, 1.35""°; distance apart of the stria?., 0.15"™. Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 57 (Dr. G. M. Dawson). HYDROBIUS Leach. Hydkobius decineratus. PI. 8, Fig. 27. Hydrobim decineratus Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878). A single specimen exhibits the dorsal surface, but with part of the thorax gone. It represents a species a very little larger than H. fuscipes Curt, of California, and is apparently allied to it, though slenderer ; the head and eyes are as in that species; the thorax shorter and the elytra longer and more tapering at the tips, the extremities of which, however, are not pre- served ; they are furnished with eight delicate strias, in which the punctures are scarcely perceptible even when magnified ; the surface otherwise ap- pears to be smooth, but is not well preserved. The scutellum is as in the recent species mentioned. Length of body, 7.5"" ; of elytra, 4.75"" ; breadth of body, 3.6"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 4007. Hydrobius confixus. PI. 7, Fig. 25. A single elytron has been found, perfectly flat, with nearly parallel sides and a bluntly pointed apex. It shows place for a minute scutellum, the surface is smooth, but marked by nine parallel, equidistant, slightly 512 TERTIARY UsTSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. incised striae, which are apparently accompanied (not shown in the plate) by very faint and rather infrequent punctures ; all the striae can be traced almost to the very tip of the elytron, some of them uniting, or almost uniting, as shown in the plate. The outer edge is not very well preserved, and doubtless a tenth stria is concealed there. Length, 4"°'"; breadth, 1.7"". Green River, "Wyoming. One specimen, No. 79 (Dr. A. S. Packard). PHILHYDRUS Solier. Philhydkus prim^vus. PI. 8, Fig. 5. Philhydrus primwviis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., 11,78(1876). A single specimen, wanting head, thorax, and legs, but exhibiting at once the upper and under surface of the body (like specimens mounted after a potash bath), represents this species, which is poorly drawn on the plate, the strise being too far apart and only a portion of them shown. The elytra taper on the apical third, following the narrowing form of the abdomen, and are delicately pointed ; they are furnished each witli six straight, equidis- tant rows of distinct, longitudinal, punctate striae, 0.19°"" distant from one another. Length of elytra, 3.8""" ; breadth of same, l.SS"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No 15199 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson). Philhydeus spp. Two specimens (Nos. 4033, 4042) of species of Philhydrus were found by Mr. F. C. Bowditch and myself at , the same Green River locality, but neither of them is very perfect, representing little else than elytra, and these rather obscurely preserved. The larger species has smooth elytra ; the elytra of the other liave eight delicate striae, w^hich apparently are not punc- tured. Possibly one or both should be referred to Hydrobius. Length of elytra of larger species (No. 4033), 4"""; breadth of body, 3.2°"". Length of elytra of smaller species (No. 4042), 3.75""° ; breadth of body, 3"". Mention of these was made by me in the Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878). COLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILID^. 513 LACCOBIUS Erichson. Laccobius elongatus. PI. 7, Figs. 27, 28. Laccobius elongatus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 761 (1878). A single specimen and its reverse exhibit the elytron of a slender species of Laccobius. It is more than two and a half times longer tlian broad, and is furnished with thirteen equidistant, delicately punctured, faintly impi-essed strife, the punctures of which are more apparent on the basal than on the apical half ; the inner stria is as distant from the sutural border as from the neighboring stria, while the outer is scarcely separate from the outer margin. The species is very large, and also very slender, for a Laccobius, in which genus, however, I am inclined to place it, from the large number of punctured striae. The elytron has much the general appearance of that of a Lebia, but the number of striae, of course, forbids such a reference. Length of elytron, 2.9"""; breadth, l.l"""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 81* and 136^ (Mr. F. C. A. Richardson). BEROSUS Leach. Berosus sexstriatus. PI. 7, Fig. 40. Berosus sexstriatus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 760-761 (1878). A single well preserved elytron represents a species scarcely smaller than B. punctipennis Chevr. (undescr.^) from Mexico, with the elytra of which it also agrees in the character of the tip and in the shape of the whole,, unless in the fossil it tapers more toward the base ; the latter is also remark- able for the absence of the two lateral striae, the others retaining their nor- mal position ; and for the delicacy of the strife themselves, which are even more faintly impressed than in B. cuspidatus Chevr., and, unlike all Berosi I have seen, are nearly devoid of any sign of punctuation ; faint traces only can be seen when magnified twenty-five diameters. As not unfrequently happens in Hydrophilidae, although I have not noticed it in Berosus, a 'Seen in tlie collectii)u of tlie late Mr. George D. Smith. VOL. XIII 33 514 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. short supplementaiy stria originates near the base of the second stria, push- ino- it a Httle to one side, and runs into the first stria a short distance from the base of the elytra. Length of elytron, 4.5"'" ; breadth, 1.4°". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4079. Berosus tenuis. PI. 8, Fig. 8. Berosus tenuis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 760 (1878). The single specimen representing this species is preserved on a dorsal view, and is nnusally slender for a Berosus, but seems to fall here rather than in any other of the hydrophilid genera. It is of about the size of B. cuspidatus Chevr. from Mexico, and agrees generally in appearance witli it, but is slenderer, and the Up of the elytra is simple ; the punctured striae are exactly as in that species, as far as they can be made out. The head is large and well rounded, with large round eyes. The pronotum, the poste- rior edge of which is partly concealed by the overlapping base of the elytra, pushed a little out of place, is shorter than in B. cuspidatus, with rounded sides, broadly and shallovvly concave front, and apparently smooth surface. The elytra are long and slender, with entire, bluntly pointed tips, and very delicate, finely impunctured strise. The whole body is regularly obo- vate, broadest in the middle. Length of body, 5.65""; of elytra, 4.15""; breadth of body, 2.75"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4002. TROPLSTERNUS Solier. Tropisternus sculptilis. Tropisternus sculptilis Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., IV, 760 (1878). In a specimen and its reverse, of wliich only the abdomen and elytra are preserved, we have a well marked species of Tropisternus of about the size and shape of T. mexicanus Castln., but with rather frequent strife, mo-re distinct than in that species, and composed, not, as there, of rows of impressed points, but of continuous, faintly impressed lines ; the lines are apparently eight in number and uniform in delicacy and distance apart ; the base of the elytra, however, is poorly preserved ; tlie elytra are rather slenderer than in the recent species mentioned, and the extreme tip is COLEOPTEEA— HTDROPHILID^. 515 rounded and not acutely pointed. Distinct striation of the elytra is rare in Tropisternus, but it scarcely seems possible to refer this species elsewhere. Length of elytra, 6.5"™ ; breadth of combined elyira, 5""°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3989 and 4084. Tropisternus saxialis. PI. 8, Fig. 2. Tropisternus saxialis Soudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.. IV, 7f)9-760 (1878). One specimen and its reverse, found by me in the Green River shales, represents a species of Tropisternus nearly as large as T. binotatus Walk, from Mexico. The large size of the head and the shortness of the prothorax are doubtless due to the mode of preservation, the whole of the head, deflected in life, being shown, while the thorax is in some way foreshort- ened. In all other respects it agrees with the Hydrophilidge, and especially with Tropisternus, having the form of the species mentioned. The head is broad and well rounded, with small, lateral, posterior eyes. The thorax is much broader and much more than twice as broad as long, with rounded sides, tapering anteriorly, the front margin broadly and rather deeply con- cave, the hind border gently convex ; the scutellum is large, triangular, a little longer than broad. The surface of the thorax and elytra is appar- ently smooth ; at least no markings ar3 discoverable, excepting the line of the inner edge of the inferior margination of tlie sides of the elytra, which appears through the latter, as do also the abdominal incisures and the hind femora and tibiae. These legs are longer and slenderer than in T. bino- tatus, the femora extending beyond the sides of the abdomen, and the tibiae are armed beneath at tip with a pair of slender spines, which together with the tibia? are about as long as the femora. Length of body, G.65""° ; of elytra, 4.45'"" ; breadth of middle of body, 3.25°'"; length of hind femora, 2"""'; of hind tibite, L25'"'°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. t023 and 4027. HYDROCHUS Germar. Hydrochus amictus. PI. 1, Fig, 47. A single fragmentary elytron indicates a species of abont the size of H. subcupreus Rand., and in general resembling it. The figure does not 516 ' TERTIARY INSECTS OF JfORTH AMERICA. properly represent the prominent rounded humeral angle. It differs from the modern species mentioned in wanting the special prominence of the third and fifth interspaces over the intermediate ones, though the seventh and eighth are elevated ; the punctures are also a little less ])ronounced, and so the interspaces wider ; whence doubtless it liappens that the minute hairs which are confined to a single pretty regular row in the interspaces of the living species are scattered, irregular, and more numerous in the fossil. Length of fragment, 2.6""" ; probable length of elytron, 2.8™'" ; its breadth, 1"'"'. Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14504 (G. J. Hinde). Hydrochus relictus. PI. 8, Fig. 11. Head rather large, rounded, subtriangular, broader than long but prominent; eyes moderately large, globular, somewiiat projecting. Thorax cylindrical, broader than long, a little broader than the head, broadest in the middle and narrowing a little both in front and behind, the sides slightly and rather regularly rounded, front and hind border nearly straight, the surface apparently a little roughened and with very short, moderately stout, scattered hairs, or perhaps only the latter. Elytra together much broader than the thorax, with well rounded humeral angles and with ten longitudinal jjunctate striae (the innermost and outermost not shown in the plate) marked by short, moderately stout, scattered hairs, about half as long as the width of the interspaces. Length of body, 3"""; of thorax, 0.6""'; of elytra, 2'""'; breadth of thorax, O.D"""; of elytra, 1.3"°". The specimen is seen from above but with a partially lateral view; if it were wholly dorsal the width of the elytra would probably be L7""". Green River beds, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 88 (Dr. A. S. Packard). HELOPHORUS Illiger. Helophorus rigescens. PI. 1, Fig. 53. A single elytron with a broken tip represents this species, which does not seem to agree closely with any modern form, having less heavily punctate COLEOPTERA— CARABID^. 517 striae and flatter interspaces than any known to me. In general, in color and in texture, excepting in the very interruptedly elevated and gibbous interspaces, which are the chief characteristic of the elytra of H. tubercu- latus Gyll., it might be compared to that species, but it agrees better in size with H. scaber LeC. The prominent humeral angle is not properly shown in the plate, and the breadth is made to appear too great from the spreading of the declivous mai-gin Length of fragment, 2.1°""; probable length of elytron, 2.25°""; breadth in natural position, 0.7'""". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14505 (G. J. Hinde). Family DYTISCID^E MacLeay. LACCOPHILUS Leach. Laccophilus sp. PI. 5, Figs. 116, 117. Laccophilus sp. Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. SurT. Terr., II, 78 (1876), III, 759 (1877). A fragment of a leg found by Mr. Denton in Fossil Canon, White River, Utah, must be referred to this genus. It represents the hind femur and tibia of a species allied to L. maculosus Germ , but is so uncharacter- istic a fragment that it is not worthy of further mention. Family CARABID^C Leach. CHL^.NIUS Bonelli. ChL.(ENIUS punctulatus. PL 1, Fig. 7. Chlmnius punctulatus Horn, Traus. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1876). "One elytron of the size and very similar to that of C. laticollis, from which it differs in having the striae more finely impressed and the punctures rather closei', while those of the intervals are coarser and less numerous. Length, .40 inch; 10""". "There can be no doubt that the generic determination is correct in this instance." Horn, loc. cit. 518 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Besides a sliort humeral stria there are nine others, finely but sharply impressed, with frequent punctures at irregular distances as if they were only a part of those which cover profusely the whole surface. The inter- spaces are 0.375'""' broad in the middle of the elytra, nearly flat, and besides the abundant punctuation are very delicately and sharply rugulose, much as in Cymindis aurora from the same beds. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. CYMINDIS Latreille. Cymindis aurora. PI. 1, Fig. 6. Cymindis aurora Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 243 (1676). " Elytra Striae moderately deep, indistinctly punctui'ed, intervals irregularly, biseriately punctulate, and very finely alutaceous. Length, .30 inch; 7.5'"''\ "The greater portion of both elytra remain, somewhat distorted by pressure and retaining much of tlie chitinous substance A species is indi- cated closely related to C americana, but somewhat larger. The punctua- tion of the intervals and the arrangement of the striae near the tip, resemble so closely those of Cymindis, that I place the species in that genus." Horn, loc. cit. The striae, although very distinct, are really shallow, and are ver}^ indistinctly and somewhat irregularly punctured; the interspaces are 0.25""'" broad in the middle of the elytra, and the surface is very regularly and most delicately and sharply rugulose and furnished abundantly with irreg- ularly scattered, somewhat faint, circular punctures, which can scarcely be said to be arranged biseriately, although they are more frequent along lines which are slightly nearer the striae than the middle of the interspaces, and also to a less extent along the middle line of the interspaces. The length of the chitinous portion of the fragment is G.S"""". The breadth of the elytron and the number of striae can not be determined. Bone caves of Port. Kennedy, Pennsylvania. PLATYNUS Bonelli. The several species of Platynus here described from the interglacial clay beds belong to one type, somewhat distantly represented to-day by GOLEOPTEKA— CARABIDJ?: 519 P. crenistriatus LeC and P. rubripes Zimm., in which the strifE are coarse and punctured, the sutural stria insignificant or obsolescent, and the surface texture a very delicate transverse ribbing nowhere broken up into a reticulation. Platynus senex. PI. 7, Fig. 38. Platynus senei Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 759, (1878.) This species is represented by a single specimen and its reverse. The upper surface is shown with none of the slenderer appendages. The true form of the head can not be determined, as the edges are not preserved. The prothorax is unusually square for a carabid, resembling only certain forms of Bembidium and Platynus, and especially P. variolatus LeC. It is, however, still more quadrate than in that species, and differs from it in shape, being a little broader than long, broadest just behind the middle, tapering but little anteriorly, and scarcely more rapidly at the extreme apex; the elytra are together only about half as broad again at base as the thorax, and are furnished with eight very faint and feeble striae, appar- ently unpunctured, the one next the margin interrupted by four or five foveai on the posterior half of the elytra; the humeral region is too poorly preserved to determine the striae at that point ; the form of the elytra is as in P. variolatus. Length of body, G.l""°; breadth of thorax, L5°"" ; of base of elytra together, 2.3""; length of elytra, 4.1"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 3998 and 3992. Platynus casus. PI. 1, Fig. 42. A single elytron is preserved in the beds which have yielded so many Platyni, which seems to be better comparable with P. rubripes Zimtn. than with any other living form, but better still witli the fossil forms from the same beds, with which it agrees also better in size, though it is a trifle broader, with a considerably more rounded humeral angle, a more rounded outer margin, and the first stria closely approximated to the suture. Except in these particulars it agrees best with P. halli ; but, somewhat as in P. rub- ripes though with less regularity in size and distribution, tlie interspaces 520 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. are filled with irregular shallow punctures, which run more or less together so as to form interrupted, longitudinal, adventitious series between the strise. The intimate texture of" the surface is much as in P. halli, the fifth and sixth striae meet at a distance from the tip and the sut .ral stria is obsolescent and brief Length, 4 7°"°; breadth, 1.6°"". Interglacial clay beds, Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14523, (G. J. Hinde). Platynus hindei. PL 1, Fig. 54. A number of fragments occur of a species which seems to be allied to P. rubripes Zimni., but is much smaller than it and differs from it consid- erably. The shape of the elytron is much the same as there, but the humeral angle is more pronounced, the strife are rather coarser and perhaps a little more heavily punctate, while the interspaces, instead of being faintly and shallowly punctate,' ave not only very faintly and irregularly transversely corrugate, but the fine sharp reticulation of the living species seen under strong magnifying power is entirely absent from the piceous surface of the fossil, being replaced by a scarcely perceptible dull trans- verse ribbing. The fifth and sixth strise are also united only a little beyond the middle of the outer half of the elytron, and the sutural stria is very short indeed and generally inconspicuous. Length, 4.65°"°; breadth, 1.5°™. Clay beds of interglacial deposits, Scarboro, Ontario. Nine specimens, Nos. 14512, 14514, 14518, ',14528, 14533, 14544, 14546, 14554, 14562 (G. J. Hinde). I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. G. J. Hinde, to whose industry and zeal we are indebted for the interesting series of interglacial Coleoptera shown on Plate 1. Platynus halli. PI. 1, Fig. 41. Another species of Platynus, allied to P. crenistriatus LeC, is still more nearly related to P. hindei just described, and is of the same size, and therefore considerably smaller than the living species, to which it bears the COLEOPTERA— CARABID.E. 52 1 uearest resemblance. Its relations to P. hindei are very much the same as those of P rubripes to P. crenistriatus, the striae being deeper and coarser tlian in P. hindei and the punctures larger and heavier. Though the humoral angle is scarcely so prominent as in P. hindei, the texture of the surface is scarcely different, unless in being slightly more marked, while in P. crenistriatus there is no reticulation or cross ribbing whatever. The early union of the fifth and sixth striae again marks its affinity with P. hindei, and the sutural stria is of much the same character, though slightly variable. Length, 4.65"'"'; breadth, l.S""-". Clay beds of interglacial age, Scarboro, Ontario. Three specimens, Nos. 14520, 14524, 14525 (G. J. Hinde). Named in honor of the veteran New York paleontologist. Prof. James Hall. Platynus dissipatus. PI. 1, Fig. 37. This species, which is of the same size as P. halli and agrees with it in its general features and in the minute texture of the surface, is separated from it solely on account of the grosser sculpture of the elytra, since the striae, which are equally broad, are much shallower — a characteristic which applies as well to the punctures — and are less distinct on the sides than on the interior half Neither of the fragments is perfect, though one has all but a little of the tip and permits us to see that the fifth and sixth striae would unite early, as in those species, did they not fade out altogether before unit- ing. There is at least one puncture in the third interspace as far from the base as the width of the elytron. Breadth of elytron, 1.5'"'". Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14515, 14563 (G. J. Hinde). Platynus desuetus. PI. 1, Figs. 43, 51, 58. This, the largest of the species from the clay beds of the Canadian bordei', is more nearly allied to P. crenistriatus LeC. than to any other liv- 522 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ing- species, agreeing with it also in size, wliicii none of the other fossils do ; but in other particulars, including the intimate texture of the surface, it agrees better with its contemporaries. It is nearest perhaps to P. halli, but the strise and punctures are a little less pronounced, the insect is much larger, and the fifth and sixth strise meet at no great distance from the tip of the elytron, as in the modern species mentioned. There appear to be three punctures in the third interspace. Length of elytron, 5°""; breadth, 2°"". Clay beds of interglacial times, Scarboro, Ontario. Six specimens, Nos. 14477, 14478, 14486, 14516, 14526, 14538 (G. J. Hinde). Platynus haettii. PI. 1, Fig. 31. This species, represented by a couple of specimens only, is the smallest of those found in the interglacial deposits, and in its peculiarities, especially in the distant union of the fifth and sixth strife, is most nearly allied to the largest. Its outer margin is well rounded, scarcely marginate, the humeral angle tolerably prominent but well rounded; the strise are coarse and deep, with rather heavy but not very distinct punctures, scarcely broad- ening the striae, while the piceous surface is delicately and rather faintly cross-ribbed. The marginal stria is obsolescent. There are apparently two or three interspacial punctures. It is very small for a Platynus. Length of elytron, 3.6™'"; width of one, 1.35"". Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14475, 1-1480 (G. J. Hinde). Named in memory of my fellow-student. Prof C. F. Hartt, formerly director of the Geological Survey of Brazil. Platynus c^sus. PI. 7, Fig. 34. This species is represented by a couple of specimens, one showing the closed elytra, the other the whole body proper and the fragment of a leg. It appears to be a true Platynus. The head is obscure, but apparently longer than broad, with medium-sized circular eyes. The pronotum is broad sublyriform, the front margin scarcely concave, the anterior angles a COLEOPTBRA— CARABID.E. 523 little more than rectangular and well defined, the sides convex, the poste- rior angles very mucli rounded off, the hind margin otherwise gently con- vex ; it is broadest slightly behind the middle, strongly margined at tlie sides, followed by a distinct neck, which is half tlie width of the pronotum. The elytra are oval, strongly margined, the humeral angles almost as strongly rounded as the hinder margin, the stviie coarse, with no indication of punctures. Length of body, 6"""; of pronotum, 1.4""""; of elytra, 3.25°""; second specimen, 3..^°"" ; width of pronotum, 1 75""° ; of elytra, 2.2 (2.25)°"°. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 83, 85 (Dr. A. S. Packard). DIPLOCHILA Brulle. In this genus I place provisionally a fine but headless specimen from Florissant, rather imperfectly preserved as regards the elytra, and which was accidentally placed witli the Heteroptera from appearing to have a large scutellum, due to the impress of underlying parts. There seems to be nothing nearer among our native Coleoptei'a. No fossil form has previously been recognized in tliis genus, wliich is a widelv distributed one in various parts of the globe. DjPLOCHILA f HENSHAWI. PL 28, Fig. 9. A species is indicated of the size and general appearance of D. major, but it differs so much that it is very doubtful if it belongs to tlie genus. The finding of fresh material will probably determine this. Tlie head is jacking. The form of the thorax is somewhat similar so far as can be told; much has been worked out from the stone since the drawing was made, but tlie front part is imperfect by the removal of an angular fragment following an angulate sulcation not uncommon in Carabidae, but here excessively deep ; the thorax narrows more rapidly and considerably than in D. major, with angulate ratlier than sinuate sides, so that the thorax is one-half wider at base and two-thirds wider at the widest than at apex. The ovate form of the abdomen with the closed elytra is ratlier more like that of Carabus than of Diplochila, the elytra apparently furnished with distant slightly impunctate strige. The legs are constructed on the carabid type; tlie middle and hind 524 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. femora are of equal size, the liiiid tibiae considerably longer than the femora, furnished with a superior sharp carination ; they expand slightly at the tip, and are armed with a pair of long, unequal s})urs ; hind tarsi a little longer than the tibioe, the first two joints are subequal, very long, each almost as long as the third to the fifth together; these subequal, the last apically sub- bullate and armed with a pair of rather short claws. Apparently the whole body was uniformly black. Length of fragment, 14"""; breadth across middle of thorax, 6.5°""; across closed elytra, 9.2"""; length of hind tibia, 6.4"""; tarsus, 7.1"""; first tarsal joint, 2.75°'°'. Named for my excellent friend, the well known American entomologist, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Cambridge. Florissant. One specimen, No. 8201. DIC.ELUS Bonelli. DlC^LUS ALUTACEUS. PI. 1, Fig.s. 8-10. Diccelus alutaceus Horu, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1876). " Two elytra much flattened, retaining their proper position in relation to each other, remain, with but little of their actual substance enough how- ever to indicate the surface sculpture. "A species is indicated bearing a close relationship to dilatatus, but with the intervals somewhat more convex and the surface more distinctly alutaceous. The humeral carina appears to have been extremely fine and rather less elevated than in dilatatus. " Elytra.— Length, .70 inch, 17.5"". Width, .40 inch, lO"". "The measurement includes also the portion of the elytra covered by the base of the thorax. With proper allowance being made for flattening a species is indicated of as large size as our largest purpuratus but relatively narrower." Horn, loc. cit. The striae are seven in number, besides the humeral stria, and are 0.65"" apart in the middle of the elytra. The length of the largest fragment is 17""°; the breadth of one elytron, 4.9°'°'. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. COLEOPTEKA— CARABID^. 525 DlC^LUS sp. PI. 1, Fig. 15. Diccelus ap. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 244 (1876). " Another species of much smaller size than the i)receding [U. alutaceus Horn] is indicated by an impression of the greater part of l)Oth elytra and a very small fragment of one elytron, resembling D. elongatus. The carina appears to be of similar length and the interv^als moderately convex, equal and smooth. "No measurements can be given as I have not sufficient material on which to base them and I must also leave the species nameless." Horn, loc cit. I have seen only the specimen figured. The surface sculpturing is the same as in D. alutaceus, but the species being smaller the striaj are of course closer ; but in addition to this there are more of them, as there are nine in all ; their average distance apart in the middle of the elytron is 0.4°"". The width of the two elytra together is 7°"". The fragment is too imperfect to require a name at present. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. PTEROSTICHUS Bonelll. Pterostichus abrogatus. PI. 1, Fig. 39. A fragment of an elytron indicates a species closely allied to F. hercu- laneus Mann, in elytral structure and of probably about the same size. The sutural stria is similar ; there are the same broad and deep, simple striae, onl}' they are, if anything, broader and d'eeper in the fossil. The interspaces are, however, flatter than in the recent species, and the intimate texture of the surface, instead of showing a very distinct reticulation of minute imbi'icated cells with sharply defined walls, is almost entirely smooth, the faintest sign only of such tracery being visible with strong magnifica- tion. The first stria is also at an unusual distance from the margin. The color is piceous. Length of fragment, 5""" ; width of same, 2°"" ; presumed length of elytron, 7.5"™. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14560, (G. J. Hinde). 526 TERTIARY INSEUTS OP NORTH AMERICA. Pterostichus dormitans. PI. ], Figs. 49, 55. This species, represented by two opposite ends of elytra, is very close indeed in size and general character to P. laetulus LeC It may be sliglitly smaller, but not enough to be worth specifying. The color is different, being testaceous instead of a dull metallic green. There are tlie same delicately traced, indistinctly, distantly, and delicately punctate strife ; a sutural stria of the same character, and similarly flattened interspaces. The intimate surface structure of tlie interspaces is similar, but the cells of the present species are a little smaller than in P. laetulus, with coarser and less prominent walls, and therefore giving a much less delicate reticulation. The third interspace is not well enougl\ preserved to tell anything about the piinctures. Length of largest fragment, 4.5°""; breadth of elytron, 2™™. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14503, 14508 (G. J. Hinde). Pterostichus destitutus. PI. 1, Fig. 44. This species is represented by a single elytron of a mahogany color, which seems to be nearly related to P. sayi Brulle and of the same shape, though a considerably smaller species. The character of the stria? in depth and i)unctiuition is quite as in P sayi, but tlie interspaces are flatter, and the delicate transverse reticulate striation, finely traced in P. sayi, is liere inconspicuous and dull and more irregular. The present species has a similar sutural stria, but apparently no puncta in the third or any other interspace, though it is jiossible that one exists in the place occupied by the posterior one in P. sayi. One peculiarity of the present species is the early union of the fifth and sixth stria;, well in advance of the interruption of the marginal curve. Length of elytron, 6"™; breadth, 2.5"'". Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14522, (G.J. Hinde). COLEOPTERA- CAEABID.E. 527 Pterostichus fractus. ri. 1, Figs. 29, 30. Closely allied to P. destitutus, with the same early union of the fifth and sixth striae., not shown in the figure, but still smaller and with less dis- tinct strlal punctuation, this being indeed very inconspicuous. A single elytron is preserved, with the extreme apex broken. There is a distinct punctum in the third interspace opposite the union of the fiftji and sixth stripe, which is just before the break. The interspaces are flattened, as in P. destitutus, and the intimate structure of their surface is exactly as there, except in showing scarcely any sign of reticulation. Length of fragment, 4.5'"""; breadth, 2""'. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14532 (G. J. Hinde). Pterostichus desteuctus. PI. 1, Fig. 46. A couple of elytra, from each of which the entire apex is broken, closely resemble P. patruelis Dej in shape and sculpture, but represent a species a little larger than it. The sutural stria is exactly as in that species, and the striae are finely impressed and without punctures ; the interspaces would appear to be flatter than in P. patruelis, and the third interspace does not appear to have the three punctures found in that species, but only the central one. The color is blackish castaneous. Length of one fragment, ;5.5"" ; probable length of elytron, 4.75""' ; width of same, L5°"". Length of another fragment, 3.8°"°; width, 1.45°"°. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14519, 14549 (G. J. Hinde). Pterostichus gelidus. PI. 1, Figs. 52, 59-61. Loxandrm gelidas Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surr. Terr., Ill, 763-764 (1877). The following fragments of this species have been examined : A very nearly perfect elytron, but badly cracked and pressed apart ; the greater part of another; parts of three united segments of the abdomen ; the pro- thorax slightly cracked ; and a portion of one of the mandibles. A species 528 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. is indicated of about the sauie size as P. hudsonicus LeC. and closely resembling- it. The elytra are piceous, with a metallic-blue reflection; there are nine distinctly and rather deeply and equally impressed striae, rather faintly and not ver_y profusely punctate ; the interspaces appear as if minutely cracked, and with a simulation of excessively faint and small fovese throughout, ^vhile the tliird has a more distinct, though still rather shallow and rather large fovea considerably behind the middle of the apical half of the elytra ; a second fovea appears in the third interspace, as far from the apical fovea as that is from the apex, but it is situated laterally, encroaching on the stria next its inner side. It is perhaps due only to an excess of the simulating fovese that there is apparently a row of approximated punctures, quite like those of the neighboring stripe, for a ver}^ short distance between the base of the sixth and seventh striae. The first stria turns outward next the base, to make room for a scutellar stria. The obliqueh' cut marginal foveae agree with those of P. hudsonicus. The prothorax is quadrate, the front margin very slightly angled, the sides broadly rounded, fullest ante- riorl}', with an exceedingly slight median sulcus (indicated by a slender crack), and more distinct posterior sublateral sulci (indicated by wider cracks), and between which the hind boi'der is scarcely convex. The sur- face of the prothorax is smooth ; the abdomen is also smooth. The part of the mandible remaining is only the basal " molar" portion, armed with six or seven mammilate conical teeth, or rather transverse ridges. Lengthof elytron, S.TS""; breadth, 2™™; length of prothorax, 2.25"°'; breadth, 3.5°"" ; breadth of abdomen, 2.25""°. The species differs from P. hudsonicus in the shape of the prothorax (if that belongs here), broader striae, and less convex elytra. Interglacial clays of Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Sev- eral specimens, among others Nos. 14521, 16418 (G. J. Hinde). Pterostichus l^vigatds. PI. 1, Figs. 3, 4. Pterostichus Iwvigatiis Horn, ined. rteroxtichus sp. Horn, Trans. Amer. Eut. Soc, V, 243 (1870). " Fragments of two elytra. Elytra striate, striae impunctured, inter- vals moderately convex, smooth. "A species apparently of the size of coracinus or stygicus is indicated, OOLEOPTERA— CARABID.E. 529 but without more material it seems uuuecessary to name it, or guess as to its affinities." Horn, loc. cit. Besides the two elytra referred to above J)r. Horn has sent me attached to the same card another elytron, better preserved, but with the apex lacking; the chitinous portions of" the other fragments perfectly resemble this, and there can scarcely be any doubt that they belong together. This new fragment is of a piceous color. There are nine stria-, counting the one next the outer edge; the interspaces are OIj""" broad, moderately convex, smooth, but with transverse impressed lines at very irregular and rather infrequent intervals, which can hardly be due altogether to preser- vation, as they seldom or never cross continuously two contiguous inter- spaces ; the striaj are deep, faintly margined at the bottom, but in none of them, nor in any of those in the specimens described by Dr. Horn, can I discover the slightest sign of punctures. Length of this elytron (fragmentary), 6.5""" ; breadth of same (com- plete), 2.5""; width of the two contiguous elytra, 5.5""™. With this additional knowledge it seems worth while to restore the name Dr. Horn once thought of employing. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. Pterostichus ? sp. PI. 1, Fig. 5. Pterostichus f sp. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 243 (1876). " The greater portion of two elytra with the basal and apical ends wanting, indicate a form of larger size than any of our eastern species of Pterostichus. The elytral substance is in extremely bad state, being wrinkled and cracked in such a manner'as to render a description of its sur- face impossible. It may be a Lophoglossus." Horn, loc. cit. There are eight stria; besides that at the outer edge ; the interspaces are 0.42""" in width, more flattened than in P. la?.vigatus, broken into innu- merable fragments, like sun-dried mud, resulting in a dead-black color, but with no indications that the surface was otherwise than quite smooth. The length of one of the elytra (the base broken) is 10°"° ; its width (complete) 3.2.5"^'", Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. VOL. XIII oi 530 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PATROBUS Megerle. Patrobus gelatus. PI. 1, Fig. 48. Of this species tlieonly remains are a single prothoracic shield per- fectly preserved. It is piceous, posteriorly truncate, its angles rectangular and as broad as the length ; in advance of the hinder fourth expanding to nearly one-fourth greater width in the middle of the anterior half, and then again narrowing to the declivous front angles ; the disk convex with a uni- formly and rather deeply incised median line, each lateral half thus divided marked posteriorly by an abrupt flat and punctate depression, with well marked rounded outline, distinctly separated from the median incision on one side or the very narrow, marginate, lateral border on the other, and separated from the latter also by a longitudinal furrow not figured in the plate ; otherwise the surface is smooth. It is undoubtedly related very closely to P. septentrionis Dej., differing principally in the sharp and sud- den depression of the fossae in the hind angles and their separation from the lateral border by a distinct incised longitudinal furrow. Length of prothorax, 2.1™" ; greatest breadth, 2.75""°. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14586 (G. J. Hinde). BEMBIDIUM Latreille. Bembidium exoletum. PL 5, Figs. 121, 122. Bembidium exoletum Scudil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrv. Terr., II, 77-78 (1876). A single, rather well preserved "specimen, exhibiting the upper surface and impressions of parts of the legs. It is of about the size of B. in.'pquale (Say). The head is too poorly preserved to present any characters; the pronotum is of equal width anteriorly and posteriorly, its sides regularly and considerably convex, the posterior angles well defined, the hind margin slightly convex ; its surface appears to be veiy faintly punctulate, at least posteriorly, and there is a slightly impressed median line. The elytra are shaped as in B. insequale, and are provided with seven or eight very deli- cately impressed longitudinal striae, made up apparently of a series of ad GOLEOPTERA ^CARABID.E, 531 jacent punctures; the sutural edge is delicately marginate. The frag- ments of" legs show simpl}' that they are of the form usual in Bembidium. Length of insect, 4.75°""; of pronotum, 0.88"'"': width of same in the middle, 1.2°°; of same at the posterior border, 1""': of the body at the humeral portion of the elytra, 1.(1""'; of same at the middle of the elytra, 2.06"°; lengtli of the elytra, 2.8'""': cf fore femora, 0.96'"™: l)readth of same, 0.24°"'; length of hind femora (?) 0.92°°; breadth of same, 0.36°°; distance apart of the elytral stria-;, 0.11°°. White River, near the Colorado-Utah l)oundary. One specimen. No. 54 (W. Denton). Bembidium glaciatum. PI. 1, Fig. 40. A couple of elytra represent this species, which seems to be nearly allied to the scarcely smaller B. longulum LeC. The humeral angle is not quite so prominent, and the stria; and punctures are more heavily marked. The striae are indeed rather deeply impressed and equally so over the whole width of the elytron, but all become less pronounced and even obsolescent apically ; the same is true of the punctures which on the basal half of the elytra are very heavy, making transverse creases in the neighboring inter- spaces, so that they are rather transverse than longitudinal or even circular. The sutural stria is as in B. longulum, and the texture of the surface of the interspaces, instead of being as in the modern species almost structureless, is marked with a fine but decided cross-ribbing, verging upon reticulation. The color is a rich carbonaceous with a purplish tinge. Length of elytron, 3.2°°; width, 1.35"'°. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14536, 14541 (G. J. Hinde). Bembidium fragmentum. PI. 1, Fig. 45. Another species of Bembidium from the glacial clays is represented by a single elytron with the tip broken off, differing from the preceding by its much less heavy markings and agreeing better among modern types with B. constrJctum Say, which is of about the same size. The elytron is black, with a remarkably little developed humeral angle (though this is exagger- 532 TERTIARY IXSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ated in the plate by an unfortunate twist in the specimen) and with striae ahnost wholly made up of tolerably heavy circular punctures, which fade out on the apical half of the el3"tron and are obsolescent on the sides. It is about as heavily marked as B constrictum. Length of fragment, 3.6""; probable length of elytron, 4"°"; its breadth, 1.45""°. Interglacial clays of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14509 (a J. Hinde). NEBRIA Latreille. Nebeia paleomelas. PI. 2, Fig. 20. Nebria paJeomelas Scadd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 179B (1879). A neai-ly perfect elytron with the humeral angle broken off represents a carabid, probably related to Nebria. A species is indicated which is of about the size of N. sahlbergi Fisch. The elytron is about two and a half times longer than broad; the surface is nearly smooth, piceous, with nine strise, which are rather deeply impressed, and a scutellar stria, which unites with the first longitudinal stria at about one-sixth the distance from the base, in such a way as to make it appear equally forked in passing toward the base, its outer fork striking close to the base of the second longitudinal stria ; the fifth and sixth striaj are united to each other and to the united third and fourth stria^ near the apex, by a wavy continuation of the sixth, after it has bent toward the fifth in running parallel to the seventh, as it curves toward and runs to the tip of the elytron ; the ninth stria, which forms the edge of the elytron as it is preserved, shows no appearance what- ever of ocellate punctures, although under the microscope some of the central striae show slight signs of faintly indicated punctures near the middle of the elytron. Length of elytron, 5.2"""; breadth, 1.8°"". Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 58 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Canadian Geological Survey). COLEOPTERA— CARABID^, LORICERA Latreille. LORICEEA GLACIALIS. PI. 1, Figs. 50, 57. Loricera glacialis Scudd., Bull. U. R. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr, III, 763 (1877). Of this species a pair of elytra are preserved nearly complete, but cracked and flattened somewhat out of shape. It is allied to L. cseru- lescens L., but differs from it and from all other American species of Loricera in the much greater depth of the strife and in the presence of distinct submarginal fovea?. The elytra are of a glistening, somewhat blue-black color. The striae are strongly impressed, faintly though rather coarsely and profusely punctulate, the third interspace with three small, distinctly but not deeply impressed foveas, arranged as in L. caerulescens, two near each other just above the middle of the elytra, and one behind the middle of the apical half; tifth interspace sometimes furnished with a pair of very faint fovepe near the middle of the elytra, much as in L. decempunctata Esch , about as far from each other as from the sutural border; and finally the ninth interspace, different from all the species of Loricera I have been able to examine, has eight or more small but distinct and deep foveas, mostly situated in the apical half of the elytra, sometimes connected by oblique ridges with the next stria within. The interspaces are crossed by very fine wrinkles, scarcely visible with a simple lens. Seen on the under surface each of the punctures of the stride are surrounded by a circle reaching to the circles around the adjoining punctures, reminding one some- what of the upper surface of Elaphrus. The elytra- are shaped as in L. decempunctata, particularly at the apex. Length of elytron, 4.4""'; breadth, LG""". Interglacial clays, Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Two specimens, Nos. 16416, 16417 (G. J. Hinde). Loricera! lutosa. PI. 1, Fig. 32. A single elytron in a perfect state of preservation. It is almost two and a half times longer than broad, scarcely broader in the middle than at the base, the humeral angle roundly angulated. There are ten series of very coarsely punctured striae, the four inner running almost to the apical 534 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NOETII AMERICA. margin, the others, however, cni-ving inward to abut against them, the outermost meeting the innermost at the apex; the elevated naiTow inter- spaces smooth and shining ; the whole piceous. This can hardly he referred to Loricera, hut T can find no other genus with which it better agrees. I am inclined to the l)elief that it will be found to belong to an extinct type of Loricerini. There seems to be, as there, a faint internal plica, but the specimen is broken only at just this point. Length of elytron, 3.3'"™: breadth, 1.4™'". Clay beds of 8carboro, Ontario, Canada. One specimen, No. 14559 (G. J. Hinde.) ELAPHRUS Fabricins. Elaphrus irregularis. PI. 1, Fig. 56. An elytron only is preserved, which by its surface sculpture appears to resemble E. viridis, of California (which I have not seen), more than any other, though in size it agrees better with E. riparius and E. ruscarius, the nearest allied of the species I have examined. The elytron is distinctly slenderer than in these latter species, with the middle scarcely, if at all, wider than the base, but with entirely similar apex. Surface uniformly punctui-ed, the punctures coarser than in E. riparius, witli ill-defined obscure fovese, the basal one of the second series from the suture being the only one as distinct as in E. riparius; spaces between tlie fovea? remarkably elevated, forming longitudinal, more or less tortuous ridges whicli are highest (and rarely polished) in longitudinal daslies as long as the diameter of the foveae and in the same lines with them, i. e., between fovete of the same longitudinal series and not in the interspaces between the series. It is in these elevated spaces that its relationship to E. viridis especially appears, and their irregularity, through their more or less tortuous connecting, less elevated ridges, which has suggested the name. Color dull piceous, with faint dark metallic green reflection, which is quite distinct on the inflected margin. Length of elytron, 4.5'"'" ; breadth, 1.5'"'". Clay beds of Scarboro, Ontario. One specimen. No. 14527 (G. J. Hinde). COLEOPTERA— CAEABID^. 535 NEOTHANES gen. iiov. (yto?, GytjaKco). Allied to Carabus, and belonging to the same tribe, Carabini. It differs from it in some marked features of the head, but agrees better with it than with the Cychrini, in which it was formerly placed. The head is unusually broad and short, the width between the base of the not very prominent round eyes being nearly twice as great as the length' from the center of the eyes to the mai'gin of the labrum, while the burial of the head in the pro- thorax up to the base of the eyes renders the brevity more apparent ; the labrum is entire, its base just in front of the insertion of the antennae ; man- dibles shorter and stouter than in Carabus and Calosoraa, arcuate, untoothed ; tip of maxillfe just as stout as (though probably thinner than) the apex of the mandibles. The head does not appear to be constricted behind the eyes, though but little of that portion can be seen in the single specimen which preserves this part. Prothorax and elytra as in Carabus, excepting that the latter have no foveas whatever, and the very numerous striai are straight and the interspaces smooth and unbroken. Neothanes testeus. PI. 7, Figs. 32, 39. Cyohrua testeus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 758-7.=i9 (1878). This species was first described from the less perfect and more obscure specimen of the two now before me. The better pi-eservation of the second, with its thorax and other parts, shows that the species should be placed in the Carabini rather than in the Cychrini. The stout and untoothed mandi- bles leave no doubt on this point. The pronotum is broadest somewhat in advance of the middle and tapers with about equal rapidity toward the front and toward the base, so that the base is somewhat narrower than the front, the external angles well rounded ; the front margin is nearly, the hind margin quite, straight, the former scarcely angulate in the middle, the lateral angles slightly produced ante- riorly ; there is a faint median carina, more pronounced in the middle, but otherwise the thorax appears to be tolerably smooth, though laterally the head is longitudinally subrugulose. The elytra have the humeral angle well rounded off and the tip angulate ; the striae are close and crowded to the number of about twenty-five on each elytron, shnrp and clean, but 536 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. rather shallow, and with scarcely the slightest sign of any uncertainty of direction or waviness of course such as is common in theCarabini; nor do they combine and divide, but are equidistant and parallel throughout, the interspaces smooth and not imbricated. Length of body to tip of mandibles, 11™™ ; length of head from posterior edge of eyes to front of clypeus, 1.26™" ; of prothorax, 2.15"" ; of elytra, 7"" ; width of head between the eyes, 1.7"" ; of prothorax in front, 2.75"" ; at widest, 3.5"" ; at base, 2.5"" ; of elytra, 4.8"". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 24 (L. A. Lee), 4059 and 4100 (S. H. Scudder). CYCHRUS Fabricius. CyCHEUS WHEATLEYI. PI. 1, Fig. 1. Cychrua wkeatleyi Horn, Traus. Amer. Ent. Soc, V, 242 (1876). " Of this species I have before me a flattened thorax, all the actual sub- stance of the upper surface being present in moderately good preservation, and the large portion of a left elytron of which but a small portion of the substance remains. " The thorax although flattened bears evidence of having the disk moderately convex, the median line distinct, the transverse basal impression rather deep and the lateral margins broad, wider at base and reflexed. The hind angles are obtuse and not prolonged, the base being moderately emar- ginate. The sides are moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed toward the base, the widest portion of the thorax being slightly in front of the mid- dle. A species is thus indicated resembling viduus but smaller, not exceed- ing in size the average specimens of andrewsii. " The elytra are finely striate, the intervals moderately convex and apparently smooth, the strise with moderate punctures not as closely placed as in any species on this side of the continent. The strife are as numerous as in viduus or andrewsii. " Thorax.— Width, .24 inch, .6""; length, .16 inch; 4"". "Elytra (restored).— Width, .48 inch; 12"". Length, .66 inch; 16.5"". Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. "I think there is very little doubt of the distinctness of this species OOLEOPTEltA— CARABID^. 587 from any at present existing, but it may be inferred that it is the species to which our vicluus must look for its ancestry. " I liave named the s])ecies in honor of Mr. Charles M. Wheatley, of Pha'nixville, to wlioni we are indebted for the exploration of the locality in which the fossil insects were discovered." Horn, loc. cit. Including the stria; next the margins of the elytra there appear to be fourteen in all ; the two outer ones are obscure and those upon the disk are at an average distance apart of 0.375""" ; the striae appear to be faintly punct- ured and the punctures as distant as the strife ; the intervals between the strije are broken by irregular impressed lines producing a tuberculate ap- peorance but otherwise smooth. The disk of the prothorax is considerably more quadrate and proportionally liroader than in the species of Cychrus with which Dr. Horn compares it. Indeed, I was at first inclined to believe that the lateral lamellate rim was narrow and equal throughout, and there- fore to place the insect in Calosoma (in the neighborhood of the species sometimes referred to Callisthenes) ; but a renewed study in company with Dr. Horn shows that this is a mistake, and that the rim broadens greatly behind, leaving a somewhat shield-shaped disk as in Cychrus viduus. Length of thorax, 3.6"" ; breadth of same, 6°"" ; breadth of elytron, B"""; length of fragment preserved, 12.75"°'. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania." Cychrus minor. PI. 1, Fig, 2. Cychrus (mi)ior) Horn, Trans. Auier. Eut. Soc, V, 243 (187G). "Two fragmentary elytra of smaller size than the preceding [C wheatleyi] afford the only groundwork for the name above suggested. The striae are fine and with fine punctures, the intervals feebly convex, evidently slightly rugulose, and probably, also spai-sely punctulate. An impression of the scutellum remains which is broadly triangular, and not different in form from that of andrewsii. "Elytra (restored). Length, .54 inch; 13.5"". Width (actual), .15 inch; 3.75"". "The form is therefore almost exactly that of andrewsii." Horn, loc. cit. There is a slight bluish cast to the black chitinous parts of the elytra 538 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. I Iiave examined ; the punctures of the striae are about as far apart as two- thirds the width of the interspaces ; the latter are 0.25"™ wide and are barely convex, slightly rugulose, and so far as I can determine not at all punctulate ; the length of the fragment of one elytron is 10.5°"", the width of the same elytron, 4.25'""'. Bone caves of Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania. DIPTER^ Linii6. Baron R. von Osten Sacken and Mr. Edward Burgess have given me much assistance in perplexing points while studying tlie Oiptera here recorded. DIFTER^ CYCLORHA.PHA. 13 racier. Family LONCH^EIDvC Loew. LONCH^A Fallen. L0NCH.EA SENESCENS. PI. 3, Fig. 18, Lotichma senescent Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277-278 (1877). A portion of the body (excluding the head) too fragmentary to be of any value and a pair of expanded wings faintly impressed on the stone com- pose the remains of the single individual of this species. The wings are rather slender, obovate and well rounded, with the neuration of Lonchsea vaginalis Fall., as given by Westwood in Walker's " Diptera Britannica," excepting that the basal cells do not appear to be quite so large in the fossil species, and the fourth longitudinal vein is slightly more arched beyond the larger transverse vein ; the costal vein is bristly ; the wing appeal's to be hyaline, but there is an indication of a slight infumation along the larger transverse vein ; it is covered with excessively iine microscopic hairs, which also cover all the veins with a delicate pubescence ; with this exception the first longitudinal vein is bare ; the larger transverse vein is slightly oblique, and but little larger than the portion of the third longitudinal vein lying between the two transverse veins. Length of wing, 4.6°"°; breadth of same, 1.8""°. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 17, Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geolosfical Survey of Canada. 539 540 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. PALLOPTERA FalUn. Pallopteea morticina. PI. 3, Fig. 15. Palloptera morticina Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 278 (1877). An indistinguishable crushed mass of chitine and the basal half or more of a single wing are all that remain of this creature. The wing is small and probably was not over three millimeters long ; hyaline, with a slight infu- mated spot of considerable size in the middle of the wing between the two transverse veins ; the basal cells are small ; the auxiliary vein is very slight, and throughout very closely approximated to the first longitudinal vein ; the latter appears to be short and nearly straight, bare of bristles, but pubes- cent like the rest of the wing ; the costal vein is bristly, but like all the others is pale testaceous ; the small transverse vein lies within the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; the large transverse vein is straight and perpendic- ular to the costa, removed from the small transverse vein by double its own length. Length of fragment of wing, 2.1.5°"". Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 20 (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). Family ORTALID.^ Fallen. LITHORTALIS Scudder. Lithortalis Scudd., Rop. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 187.''>-1876, 276-277 (1877). This ortalid can certainly not be referred to any of the American genera mentioned by Loew. It is most closely allied to Ceroxys, but besides a different distribution of the spots the neuration of the wing varies so much from that of Ceroxys as to render it certain that it should be separated from it. The shape of the wing is much as in Ceroxys, especially as in C. canus Loew, to which it is also most nearly- allied in markings ; the first longitud- inal vein has bristles upon its end only, and even here they are few and small ; the fourth longitudinal vein is curved backward a little, and the pos- terior angle of the third basal cell is not at all produced ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins diverge at their tips, while the second and third converge. In Ceroxys the auxiliary runs beside the first longitudinal vein DIPTERA— ORTALID J;}. 54 1 for some distance and then suddenly curves, almost bends upward. In Lithortalis the separation is gradual and not abrupt. In Ceroxys the small transverse vein lies below or outside the tip of the first longitudinal vein ; in Lithortalis it lies within it. In the pattern of the markings also it differs from Ceroxys in that there are no spots whatever before the larger trans- verse vein, excepting that the stigma, or the space lying between the auxil- iary and first longitudinal veins, is testaceous. Lithortalis picta. PL 3, Figs. 10, 1(>. Lilliortalis picta Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 277 (1877). The thorax, part of the abdomen, and both wings of the single specimen preserved show the upper surface of the body with expanded wings. The abdomen is without markings. The wings are very well preserved, the apex slightly angulated between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the costa nearly straight on its basal half, strongly convex beyond ; the stigma occupies the entire space between the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins and is dark castaneous, deepening toward the costa to blackish fus- cous ; the costal vein is blackish fuscous ; the other veins are luteo-testa- ceous, deepening to blackish fuliginous next or in the spots ; the other spots are dark fuliginous, deepening toward the veins or the margin, and consist of a narrow belt following the larger transverse vein and of confluent spots at the tips of the second, tliird, and fourth longitudinal veins, forming a nar- row marginal belt from just below the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein to half-way between the tips of the first and third longitudinal veins, broad- ening slightly at the extremities of the veins in rapidly narrowing shoots, which follow the veins a short distance. Length of thorax and fragment of abdomen, 3""" ; breadth of thorax, 1.25°"°; breadth of abdomen, LS™""; length of wing, 5°"" ; breadth of same, 1.75°"°. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 5 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). 542 TEliTIARV 1NSE(JT8 OK :N0KTH AMERICA. Family SCIOMYZID.^ Fallen. SCIOMYZA Fallen. SCIOMYZA REVELATA. PI. 3, Figs. 3-6. Sciomyza rerelaia Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 275-276 (1877); 1876-1877, 458- 459 (1878). Three specimens are to be referred to this species. Although each of them is rather imperfect, the collocation of the fragments enables us to recon- struct all parts of the wing. The head was about one-fifth the size of the thorax ; the thorax broadly vaulted, abruptly arched in front, somewhat depressed above ; the wings were a little more than twice as long as broad with the costal border gently arched, the apex slightly angulated and tlie lower margin pretty regularly convex, bent but rounded at the axillary auffle: the membrane and the castaneous veins as well are covered not ver>' profusely with delicate microscopic hairs, distributed with great regularity and about 0.02°"° apart; the costal vein is setose throughout the upper margin, and extends to the fourth longitudinal vein, although it is but faint at the extreme tip or on the lower third of the space between the third and fourth longitudinal veins ; the auxiliary vein is weak, but distinctly separated from the first longitudinal vein from its very base, terminating at the middle of the basal half of the costa; the transverse shoulder vein is exactly transverse, very faint, and lies a little beyond the base of the basal cells; the first longitudinal vein is bare save the pubescence, and apparently terminates just within the small transverse vein ; the latter lies as f;ir before as the large transverse vein lies beyond the middle of the wing and is mid- way between the basal cells and the large transverse vein ; the second and third longitudinal veins are nearly straight, slightly sinuous and subparallel throughout, but at their tips diverge from each other; the third longitudinal vein is regularly though but slightly arched beyond the small transverse vein, and strikes the very apex of the wing; the fourth longitudinal vein is made up of three perfectly straight subequal parts, slightly bent at the transverse veins; the larger transverse vein is straight, nearly perpendic ular to the costa; it is about half the length of the middle portion of the fourth longitudinal vein, and its lower extremity is nearer the margin of the wing (following the course of the fifth longitudinal vein) than its own DIPTEKA— BGIOMYZID^. 543 Icngtli; tlio fiftli longitudinal vein is lost jnst before reaching the margin and the sixth runs half-way to it; the second and thiid longitudinal veins separate just over the extremities of the small basal cells, and originate from a transverse vein which unites the first and fourth longitudinal veins before the middle of the basal cells. Length of the wing, 4.5""° ; breadth, 2""". Quesnel, British Columbia. Three specimens, Nos. 2, 42, 43 (Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). SciOMYZA? MANCA. PI. 4, Pig. 9; PI. 9, Figs. 1-6, 15, Iti, 18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 29. .SVii)mi/-((? maiica Scudd., Bull. IJ. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Torr., IV, 7.56-758 (1878). This fly, extremely abundant in the Green River shales — in fact out- numbering all the other Diptera together — is temporarily placed in this genus, because its characters seem to agree better with those of the family Sciomyzidae than of any other ; yet it can not properly be placed in any of the genera known to me. I should be inclined to place it near Blepharop- tera in the Helomyzidfe, but all the tibiaj are bristled throughout. Its gen- ' eral appearance is that of the Ephydrinidie, but the Inistl}- surface of the middle tibise would allow us to place it only in the Notiphilina, from which it is excluded by the want of pectinations on the upper side of the antennal bristle. The want of complete neuration prevents me from designating it at present by a new generic name, which it can hardly fail to require as soon as that is known ; only two or three of the three-score specimens before me have any important part of the wings, and this constant frag- mentary condition of the fossils has suggested the specific name. The genus in which it would fall may be partially characterized as follows : Body compact, stout ; the head comparatively small, perhaps one-third the bulk of the thorax, about three-fourths its width, with large, naked eyes, the front between them nearly equal and pretty broad, obliquely sloped, and slightly tumid on a side view, so as to project considerably below ; a few curved bristles project from its summit. Antenna- with the Hagellum subglobose, scarcely longer than broad, much larger than the joints of the scape, and above bearing at its tip a curved, rather short, naked, tapering style, scarcely longer than the flagellum proper and bluntly pointed ; iii several specimens in which this part is pretty well preserved this is inva- 544 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ri ably its character, and no terminal thread can be seen in any of them, nor any indication of joints in the stj-le ; this brevity of the style seems to be peculiar. As far as the neuration of the wing can be made out (there must remain some doubt upon this point until better examples are discov- ered) the course of tlie auxiliary vein can not be determined ; the first longitudinal vein appears to end before the middle of the costal border ; the second originates abruptly from the middle of the first longitudinal vein, and terminates (certainly) oidy a little way before the tip of the wing ; the third runs very nearly parallel to the second longitudinal vein, termi- nates at the tip of the wing, and is perhaps connected by a cross-vein with the fourth longitudinal vein scarcely within the extremity of the first longi- tudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein originates from the fifth or sixtli a little before the origin of the second longitudinal vein, diverges lapidly from the third beyond this connection, and is arcuate, curving upward again before reaching the posterior border and running outward to the outer border; the fifth longitudinal vein curves still more strongly from the fourth, until it reaches the middle of the posterior border, to which it suddenly drops, and scarcely above which it is united with the fourth longitudinal vein b}' a long, oblique cross-vein. The femora nre stout, the front pair largest at the base and tapering, the other pairs subequal throughout, all armed externally above and below with a row of very deli- cate, nearly straight spines, the upper row perhaps wanting on the middle femora, and the lower row developing into longer and stifi'er bristles on the apical half of the fore femora. The tibiae are equal, a little longer than the femora, considerably slenderer but still rather stout, furnished alike with several straight, longitudinal rows of minute spines, and on the outer side with three or four distant, moderately stout, longer spines (less prominent on the fore tibise than on the other legs), and at the tip with a cluster or several similar spines or spurs. The tarsi are very much slenderer than the tibia?, longer than they, the other joints slenderer than the metatarsus, all profusely armed with exceedingly delicate spines or spinous hairs, arranged regularly in longitudinal rows ; at tip is a pair of very slender, pretty long, strongly curved claws, and apparently a pretty large pulvillus. The brevity of the antennal style, the length of the first longitudinal vein of the w^ing, the approximation of the middle transverse vein to the base, the strong arcuation of the fourth longitudinal vein, the obliquity of DIPTERA— SCIOMYZID.E, 545 the posterior, large, transverse vein, and its approach to the posterior margin, the bristly nature of the legs, and the length and comparative slen- derness of the tarsi — all, excepting parts of the neuratlon, characters open to little question — render this fl}^ peculiar and its exact location somewhat dubious. When, however, the neuration of the wing is sufficiently well known to enable us to understand more definitely the character of the basal cells and other parts of the base of the wing, the relation of the auxiliary to the first longitudinal vein, and to map unquestionably the whole course of the fourth longitudinal vein, we shall probably be able to arrive at very precise conclusions. In addition to' the features above mentioned, it may be added that the thorax is subquadrate, scarcely longer than broad, furnished with distant, long, curving bristles disposed in rows, but in no individual well enough preserved to give further details of distribution. The abdomen is composed of five visible, subequal joints; its mass compact, scarcely constricted at tlie base, regularly and pretty strongly arched on a side view, tapering rapidly on the apical half to a bluntly rounded apex, the surface abun- dantly clothed with rather delicate spinous hairs, those at the posterior edge of the segments longer, and forming a regular transverse row. The meta- tarsus of the middle leg is proportionally longer than in the others, where it is about half as long as the other joints combined Measurement of average individuals: Length of body as curved, 4.25'"" ; of head, 0.65°"" ; of thorax, 1.7™"' ; of abdomen, 2.2'°'" ; breadth of head, 0.85'"'"; of thorax, 1.25"""; of abdomen, 1.4"""; length of flagellum of antenna;, 0.16"""; of style, O.iy""'; of wing, 3.4'"""?; breadth of same, 1.2'"'"; length of femora, 0.75"'"; of tibite, 0.95"""; of fore tarsi, 0.85""; of middle tarsi, 1.5"'"'; of hind tarsi, LB'"™;- of fore metatarsi, 0.4""; of middle metatarsi, 0.6]™"; of hind metatarsi, 0.48""; breadth of femora, 0.28"™; of tibiae, 0.12""; of metatarsus, 0.08""; of tip of tarsi, 0.05""; length of claws, 0.09"™. Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens, collected by Mr. F. C. A. Richardson, Dr. A. 8. Packard, Prof L A. Lee, Messrs. F. C. Bowditch, and S. H. Scudder. Station 16 on the White River in western Colorado (Dr. C. A. White) VOL XIII 35 r)46 TERTIAltY JNSEUTS OF NORTH AMERICA. SCIOMYZA? DISJECTA. PI. 9, Figs. 7, 22, 25, 30, .32, 33. Sciomyzaf dUjecta Sciidil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Snrr. Terr., IV, 758 (1878). A second species, apparently of tlie same genus as the last mentioned, l)ut smaller, is found in considerable numbers in the same Green River beds, although in far less abundance than the last. The wings appear to be propor- tionally shorter than in the last species, with a rather broader space between the veins in the upper half of the wing, indicating perhaps a broader wing. The legs are slenderer, the disparity in the stoutness of the tibia? and tarsi is not so great, and the tarsi are proportionally shorter ; the legs are also as densely, though less coarsely, spined, and a similar delicacy is observable in the hairiness of the body. All the specimens are preserved on a side view, and like the last species are in a fragmentary condition. Length of body of an average individual, 3.2""" ; of head, 0.55"" ; of thorax, 1.2"'" ; of abdomen, 1.8"" ; of wing, 2.4""? ; of hind femora, 1.2"" ; of hind tibia?, 1.4"" ; of middle and hind tarsi, 1"". Green River, Wyoming. Numerous specimens by the same as the last species. SciOMYZA? sp. PI. 10, Fig. 5. Another species of Sciomyza, or perhaps of the same genus as the last- mentioned species (for several of its features are certainly repeated here), seems to be represented by the insect figured in PI. 10, Fig. 5, which is of about the size of S. manca, but is more delicate. It is however so imper- fect as far as the head and wings are concerned that one can not characterize it satisfactorily without better material. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 18 (Dr. A. S. Packard). DIPTERA— HELOMYZID^. 547 Family HELOMYZID.^ Westwood. HETEROMYZA Falldn. Heteromyza senilis. PI. 3, Figs. 1, 2. Heteromyza senilis Sciuld., Rep. Progr. Geol. Siirv. Can., 1875-1876, 27.5 (1877). In tliis case we liave but a fraijment of one win"-, but one which exhibits most of the peculiarities of neuvation, and, so far as it goes, very well pre- served. The wing is sliglitly discolored, but was apparently hyaline in life, covered rather profusely with exceedingly delicate microscopic hairs which cover veins as well as membrane ; the veins, excepting- the costal, are testa- ceous ; the costal vein is blackish fuscous, covered witli short bristles, and extends beyond the third longitudinal vein, where the wing is broken ; the auxiliary vein strikes the costa at about the end of the first quarter, and the nearly straight first longitudinal vein before the middle of the wing ; this latter vein is bare or only feebly pubescent ; the slightly sinuous, toward the extremity slightly upturned, second longitudinal vein divides about equally the space between the costa and the third longitudinal vein ; the latter is almost straight, scarcely bending to receive the small transverse vein at about the end of its basal third, and terminates at the broadly rounded tip of the wing; the small transverse vein lies just before the tip of the first longitudinal vein; the fourth longitudinal vein is nearly straiglit, only bent next the transverse veins ; before the small transverse vein it is parallel and rather closely approximated to the third longitudinal vein ; beyond, it diverges slightly and regularly from it, and beyond the large transverse vein again becomes parallel to it; only the basal portions of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins are present, and the extreme base of tlie wing is lost; but the basal cells are evidently small, and their extremities lie just beneath the union of the second and third longitudinal veins; the wing is broad, ovate, and well rounded ; the costa pretty strongly arched. Length of fragment, 4™'"; probable length of wing, 4.5"""; probable breadth of same, 2°"". Quesuel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 1 (Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). 548 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Heteromyza detecta. PI. 5, Fis. 70. Heleromijza detecta Scudil., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 758-759 (1877). A single specimen and a very poor reverse of it occur on the same stone with Spihidon)yia simplex. Both wings and the thorax are preserved, with short fragments of moderately stout hairy legs. The venation is obscure, and the species referred provisionally to Heteromyza until better specimens decide more certainly to which of the groups of Muscidae it belongs. So far as it can be determined the venation is very similar to that of the pre- ceding species, but the wing is much smaller, and there is a peculiarity about it which is not quite clear: at the bend of the costa, indicating the termina- tion of the auxiliary vehi, there is a short, distinct, oblique cross-vein nearly in continuation of the base of the costa, but bent slightly downward, which reaches the first longitudinal vein ; tlie latter runs close to the costa and strikes it about midway between the tip of the auxiliary vein and the tip of the wing ; the costa apparently runs exactly to the tip of the second longi- tudinal vein ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins run parallel to each other to a very little way be3'ond the extremity of the auxiliary vein, where they are united by a short cross-vein, beyond which they both diverge from each other in opposing curves, equally turned aside from their former course; the third longitudinal vein runs to the tip of the wing; the fourth is united half-way to the border of the wing by a long oblique cross- vein, running at right angles to the fifth longitudinal vein. The extremity of the basal cells apparently lies about half-way from the base of the wing to the tip of the auxiliary vein, but this point is very obscure. Length of wing, 1.65™™; breadth of same, 0.95™™; length of thorax, 0.75™™; breadth of same, 0.55™™. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). Family ANTHOMYID^E Robineau-Desvoidy. ANTHOMYIA Meigen. ANTHOMYIi INANIMATA. PI. 3, Fig. 19. Anthomijia iiinnimatn Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Cau., 1875-1876,273-274 (1877). This species is pretty well represented by a single individual and its r^verse^ showing the superior view of the insect with the wings (excepting DIPTEIIA— ANTHOMYID.E. 549 the extreme base), most of the abdomen, and parts of the head, thorax, and leg's. The wings are rather narrow and regularly rounded ; the bristly costal vein extends to the tip of the fourth longitudinal vein ; the first longi- tudinal vein terminates before the middle of the costal border, just above the small transverse vein; the auxiliary vein is distinct throughout and remains in close contiguity with the first longitudinal vein, curving first downward and then upward, and diverging from it only near the tip, and then but little, being- separated from it at its tip by scarcely more thau the thickness of the costal vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly oblique; the third longitudinal vein strikes tlie tip of the wing, and the second divides the space between this and the costa, running for the greater part of its length parallel to the latter, turning slightly upward at the tip ; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are pretty closely approximated, and parallel as far as the transverse vein in the middle of the wing; from this to the large transverse vein they diverge gently, and are again parallel beyond ; the small transverse vein is placed a very little befoi'e the middle of the wing; the large transverse vein is straight, nearly perpendicular to the costa, its lower extremity distant from the margin by about half its own length, its upper extremity dividing, just before the middle, the part of the fourth longitudinal vein lying beyond the transverse vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein vanishes just before reaching the border; the two small basal cells are nearly equal in size, in length about midwa}- between the lengths of the two transverse veins. The wing is covered pretty abundantly, veins and membrane, with delicate microscopic hairs, and appears te) be uniforndy hyaline, though a little fuscous on the stone. The specimen appears to be a male, and the tegulpe are distinctly marked, leaving no doul)t that it belongs to this group of Muscidaj. Probable length of body, 6""'" ; length of wing, 6.2™""; breadth of same, 2.-i5'""; length of hind tibia, 1.45°"°. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 30 and 32 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). Anthomyia burgessi. PI. 3, Fig. 34. Anthomyia burgessi Scudd.,Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-lS7(i, '2T4-27.5 (1877). The single specimen of this species shows an up])er view of the whole body in a somewhat fragmentary ciondition. The broad and rounded 550 TERTLAHY INSE(3TS OF NORTH AMERICA. abdomen indicates that it is a female. The wings are uniformly faint fuh'ginous, but probably hyaline in life, covered with microscopic hairs over both membrane and veins ; they are short and broad and well rounded; the veins in the upper half of the wing are rather darker than those in the lower ; the costal vein is bristly and extends to the tip of the fourth longi- tudinal vein ; the stout first longitudinal vein strikes the costal at the middle of the front margin ; the auxiliary vein appears to be confluent with tlie first longitudinal vein half-way from the base of the wing to the tip of tlie former; then, rapidly curving forward, diverges from it, and at its tip is as distant from the first longitudinal vein as the second longitudinal is from the third above the short transverse vein ; the transverse shoulder vein is slightly curved and a little oblique and lies directly above the base of the small basal cells ; tlie direction and relation of tlie longitudinal veins is the same as in A. inanimata, but the small transverse vein lies slightly be3'ond tlie middle of the wing, so that the divergence or parallelism of the veins is more marked than there; the large transverse vein is bent slightly inward in the middle, and its general direction is about midway between perpen- dicular to the costa and parallel to the neighboring border; its lower extremity is but half as far from the margin of the wing as its own length ; its upper divides, a little before the middle, the portion of the fourth longi- tudinal vein which lies beyond the small transverse vein, but instead of being only half as long as the portion of the fourth longitudinal vein lying between the two transverse veins, as in A. inanimata, it is very nearly as long; the fifth longitudinal vein just fails of reaching the border, while the sixth only runs about two-thirds the distance to the border ; the basal cells are moderately large, much as in the preceding species. On one side there are apparently remains of tegulae, showing that the insect should be referred to this group of Muscidce. The apical third of the hind tibia is fur- nished abundantly witli not very long hairs, while the remainder of the tibia is bare. Length of body, 4.75™"; length of wing, 4.75"'™; breadth of same, 2™™ ; length of hind tibia?, 1.15°"" ; length of hind tarsi, 1.25""". Named for my friend Mr. Edward Burgess, whose critical knowledge of Diptera, before he turned his attention exclusively to naval architecture, was of the greatest service to me. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 29 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). DIPTERA— MUSCIDxE. 551 Family MUSCID^E Leach. MUSCA Linne. Under this head I have temporarily placed five species of dipterous larvge which appear to belong to this family. Nearly all of them, however, and especially Musca ascarides, so closely resemble the larvae of bot-flies that I could scarcely persuade myself that they did not belong to the (J^stridaj. The appendages of the skin, how- ever, are much more delicate than is usual in (Estrida^, and are uniforndy distributed over the surface or are altogether absent. The empty skins, too, have every appearance of belonging to the same insects as the com- plete bodies, and, although these are not cast skins (in which case they would be proved natural inhabitants of the water), for they still contain the harder parts of the internal organs in many cases, but rather remains of partially decomposed larvae, it would seem improbable that so large a number of oestrid larvte could be found, when the only way in which they could have reached their present condition would be through the droppings of animals affected by the bots standing in tiie water. Of course the refei'- ence I have given them is only provisional. Musca ascarides. PI. 5, Figs. 74, 75, 79, 82-87, 98, 101. Musca ascarides Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 750-707 (ls77). First there is a species to which a considerable numljer of specimens belong, which may take the name here given. Some of the specimens are complete; others consist of emptied skins only. When contracted the body is thick, especially on the anterior half, and about twiee as long as broad, closely resembling the larva of a bot-fly. Both extremitii's are nniiided, the anterior very broadly, while the posterior half tapers very reg- ularly. In one specimen, which is not so much shrunken, the body is fusiform, and about three and a half times longer than broad, the head and hinder extremity tapering in a nearh' equal degree. In the emptied skins, as in the others, it may be seen that the normal form is a blunt, squarely rounded head, behind which the body is nearly equal, and then tapers toward the tail. At the anterior extremity may be nearly always seen a portion of the mandibles, consisting of a pair of ver}' slender rods or 552 THRTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. blades converging anteriorly and terminating- in two attingent rounded lobes attached to the inner edge of" the blades The anterior spiracles are seen in a single specimen as a simple, rounded, dark spot just outside the middle of either lateral half; the two lateral tracheal vessels mav be seen in nearly all the specimens, and especially at the hinder extremit}', and fragments of them are frequently scattered about on the stones ; they are very large. The integument is generall}' rather dark and more or less blotched, and covered profusely and almost uniformly with backward- directed hairs ; these are short, tapering-, and moderately stout, though minute. Length of contracted bodies, 11.5'"™; breadth of same, 6.25™"' ; length of bodies not contracted, 17.5"™; breadth of same, 5.75™""; length of skins, 25""° ; -breadth of same, 7.25"""; length of blades of mandibles, 3.25"'"'; diameter of tracheae, 0.6""" ; of anterior spiracles, 0.4°'™ ; distance of latter apart, 2.75'""'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Den- ton). MUSCA BIBOSA. PI, 5, Fig. T.i. Masca hibosa Sciidd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Gerigr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 757 (lw/7). Another species is represented by a single body and one skin and its reverse, which seem to belong to the same. It is closely allied to M. asca- rides, but differs from it in some essential features. When contracted the body does not taper regularly from the middle of the front half to the tail, but the whole hinder half is much slenderer than the front and toward the tip has nearly parallel sides, so that the body is flask-shaped and about twice as long as broad. A similar, though not so abrupt, change of contour is seen in the skin. The structure of the mandibles and of the tracheae may be seen to be the same as in the preceding species, but the integument is naked, being entirely destitute of any of the hairs which roughen the skin of M. ascarides. Length of contracted body, 14""'" ; breadth of same in front, 7.5'""' ; behind, 3.75™"'; length of skin (a small one), 16'"'"; greatest breadth of same, 5.25™™ ; length of mandible blade, 2.75™™ ; diameter of trachea, 0.7o™'". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Two specimens (W. Denton). DIPTEEA-MUSCID.E. 553 MUSCA sp. PI. 5, Figs. 106, 108. 2Iusca sp. Sciidd., Bull. IT. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 7.-)7 (1877). A third species is represented by three or four contracted skins, wliicli are too uncharacteristic to n;iine, though it may be seen that tliey are distinct from the othei's. As preserved tliey are ahiiost bhick ; the skin is much wrinkled and smooth ; the body pretty regularly and bluntly obovate, nearly twice as long as broad ; at the end of one, two colorless oval patches lie united, side by side, pressed against the extremity, *and doubtless represent the head, and prove it to be different from the other species ; it is, however, impossible to say what its affinities may be Length of body, 8.5""" ; breadth, 4""". Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. (W. Denton). MuSCA HYDROPICA. PI. .->, Figs. 72, 92, 93, 107. Musca hydropica ScmUl., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 757-758 (1877). A fourth species is represented b}' two bodies and a skin, which present an entirely different appearance from the preceding three species, but which may temporarily be given the same broad generic name. In this species the form, even when contracted, is far more elongated than in the others; the body is nearly five times as long as broad, is broadest just behind the roundly pointed head, tapers rapidly toward it, but gently posteriorly to the middle, behind which it is equal. In the skin tlie part of the body preserved is equal and very broad, excepting toward the head, where it rapidly narrows, the head being well rounded or slightly produced ; the mouth parts, instead of being withdrawn a little from the front extremity of the body, as in the species already described, lie at its very boundar}-, and the blades are par- allel instead of posteriorly divergent. The integument is covered rather profusely with very short, conical, tapering hairs, scarcely more than twice as long as their breadth at base. The larva is very distinctly banded with darker and lighter colors, as the empty skin shows, the posterior third of each segment being occupied by a very dark band, darkest on the dorsal surface, while a faint pale transverse line breaks the anterior portion into two equal halves of the same width as the blackish band. 554 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of l^ody, 23™'"; greatest breadth of same, 5°""; breadth pos- teriorly, 3'"™ ; breadth of skin, 9.5°"" ; length of segments on same, 4""" ; length of mandible blades, 3. .5"™. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Three specimens (W. Denton). MUSCA VINCULA.TA. PI. 5, Fig. 77. Musea vineitlata Scudfl., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., Ill, 758 (1877). There is still another species allied to the last mentioned which may bear the name here proposed. It is represented onl^- by parts of emptied skins, all lying on the same stone, and which differ fi'om the preceding species in being absolutely devoid of any hairs and in having different and much fainter markings. The general color of the best preserved specimen is a pale brown, and the markings are scarcely darker transverse bands, narrowing on the sides, but occupying nearly the entire length of a segment dorsally, and broken into equal parts by two transverse i-ows of very taint and minute pale dots. No specimen is sufficiently perfect to show the shape or the length, but the shape appears to be similar to that of M. hvdropica, and the insect much smaller than it, for the breadth is 4..5'"'", and the length of one segment, 2"'"'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Several specimens (W. Denton). MuscA spp. PI. 5, Figs, 80, 81, 99, 100. A wholly different form of larva is represented in PI. 5, Figs. 80, 81, and on one of the stones are found the mouth parts of another, PI. 5, Figs. 99, 100, which are quite different from those of Musca ascarides. Chagrin Valley, Wiiite River, Colorado (W. Denton). Family TACHINID^E Loew. TACHINA Meigen. Tachina sp. Taehina sp. Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 756 (1878). To this genus is referred provisionally a small but stout and densely hairy fly, with thick, slightly tapering abdomen, broadly rounded at the ti}), DIPTERA— GOXOPIDxE. 555 long wings with heavily ciliated costal niari^in, tlu^ auxiliary vein terminat- ing just before the middle, and the first longitudinal vein not very far before the tip; the other veins of the wing can not be determined. The legs are pretty stout and densely haired. About the fly are scattered many arcuate, tapering, spinous haii-s 0.7""" long, evidently the clothing of the thorax. Length of body, 4™"' ; breadth of thorax, 1.25"'" ; length of wings, 4'"°'(?); of hind femora, 0.6""" ; hind tibia;, 1.25"""; hind tarsi, 1.25""" (?). Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 48'' (F. C. A. Richardson). Family PLATYPEZID^E Loew. CALLOMYIA Meigen. Callomvia torporata. PI. 9, Fig. 11. A single specimen is preserved showing a dorsal view of the body but with no distinct appendages excepting one wing which is imperfectly figured on the plate. The tliorax is broad oval, and the abdomen oval, as long as the head and thorax together, narrower than the thorax, tapering- from in front of the middle backward, and rounded at the tip. The wing is as long as the thorax and abdomen together. The third longitudinal vein terminates at the tip of the vving, the first in the middle of the outer half of the wing-, and the second midway between them ; the basal cells are about one-third the length of the wing (indicated in the plate by the angle in the fifth longitudinal vein), and the oblique posterior transverse vein is situated at its upper extremity, about midway between the middle basal cell and the apex of the wing. The exact length of the lower basal cell can not be determined. Length of body, 3™™; of wing, 2.7"""; breadth of same, LI"'™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 71 (Prof. Leslie A. Lee). Family CONOPIDyG Leach. POLIOMYIA Scudder {ttoAk'?, juv'ia). Poliomyia ScnM., Bull. U. S. Geol, Geogr. Saw. Terr., IV, 754-755 (1878). This genus of Conopidje, mo.st nearly allied to \Tyopa, appears in the neuration of the wings to resemble closely some genera of Syrphidse, espe- cially Xylota and Milesia, but it altogether lacks the spurious longitudinal 55G TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. vein, and the third, fourth, and tit'tli longitudinal veins are not united at their extremities by marginal veins ; iiideed, they run without swerving and subparallel to one another to the margin. Tn this respect the genus differs also from other (Jonopida% as it does -also in the extreme length of the third basal cell, which is as long as in Syrphidse. In these points of neuration it would seem to agree better with the Pipunculidas, whicii family, however, is entirely composed of very small flies, so that it seems better with our imperfect knowledge of the fossil to refer it to the Conopidie. The bod\' resembles that of Syrphus in general form. I'he wings are as long as the body and slender, with very straight veins; the auxiliary and first to fourth longitudinal veins are almost perfectly straight, the third originating from the second longitudinal vein at some distance before the middle of the wing; the auxiliary vein terminates beyond the middle of the costal margin; directly beneath its extremity is the small transverse vein, and about mid- way between the latter and the margin the large transverse vein uniting the fourth and fifth veins; the extremity of the second basal cell is farther from the base than the origin of the third longitudinal vein, and the third basal cell reaches very acutely almost to the margin of the wing. POLIOMYIA RECTA. PL 9, Figs. 19, 21. Poliomyia recta Seuild., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 755(1878); in Zittel, Handb. d. Pahtout., I, ii, 807, Kig. 107-2 (1885). The single specimen referable to this species was obtained at the "Petrified Fish Cut," and represents a dorsal view of the insect with the wings partly overlapping on the back. It is the smaller fly referred to in Dr. Hayden's Sun Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery, page 98. The head is broken ; the thorax is stout, rounded ovate, and blackish ; the scutellum large, seini-lunar, and nearly twice as broad as long, with long black bristles along either lateral edge and along the sides of the thorax posteriori)'. The wings are long and narrow ; the auxiliary vein runs into the margin just beyond the middle of the wing; the first longitudinal vein runs into the margin at about two-thirds the distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein to that of the second longitudinal vein, and scarcely turns upward even at the tip ; the straight second and third longitudinal veins diverge from each other at the extreme tip after running almost parallel DIPTERA— SYRPHIDiE. 557 througlioiit tlie length of the latter, which originates from the second some distance befoi-e tlie middle of the wing; the small transverse vein between tlie third and fourth longitadinal veins lies just beyond the middle of the wing and perpendicular to the costal border, while the large transverse vein between the fourth and fiftli longitudinal veins is perpendicular to the latter and renders the discal and second posterior cells of about equal length. The abdomen is apparently lighter colored than the thorax, regularly obovate, as broad as the thorax, and longer than it, its terminal (fifth) seg- ment small, the others large and suberpial. Length of thorax and scutellum, 4™"; breadth of same, 2.76'""'; length of abdomen, 4,5™"'; breadth of same, 2.75'"'"; length of wing, 6.5"""; breadth of same, 2.25""". I am indebted to Mr. Edward Burgess for some critical remarks upon the affinities of this fiy, and for a careful sketch of the neuration, which is very difficult to trace in certain places. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 1469t) (Dr. F. V. Hay den). Family SYRPHID.C Leach. MILESIA Latreille. MiLESIA QUAURATA. ri. 9, Fig. 13. Milesia qmirata ScmU., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geosr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 75-2-7r)3 (1878); Willist., Syn. N. A. Syrph, asi, a83 (1886). A specimen in a fine state of preservation, although not perfect, and with most of the neuration of the wing concealed under hard flakes of stone which can not ba wholly removed, was found by Dr. Hayden at the "Pet- rified Fish Cut," Green River. It is the larger fly alluded to in Dr. Hayden's Sun Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery, page 98. The head and thorax are black, the head large, nearly as broad as the thorax, the eyes large, globose, as broad as the summit of the head between them, the front very large, prominent, half as broad as the head, and half as long as broad. Thorax globose, a little longer than broad, largest in the middle. Wings surpassing slightly the abdomen; the third longitudinal vein originates from the second in the middle of the wing, is very gently arcuate (the convexity backward) iii its outer half, and appears to terminate just above 558 TEETIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. the tip of the wing; the fourth longitudinal vein is united by an oblique cross-vein to the third very near the origin of the latter, and the spurious longitudinal vein can not be made out, from poor preservation ; the mar- ginal vein between these two appears to be very simple, the fourth longi- tudinal vein bending downward at its tip to meet it. The abdomen is as broad as the tliorax, fully as long as the rest of the body, broad ovate, tapering slightly at the base and rapidly beyond the middle, broadest at the second segment; the first segment is longest and half as long as broad, tlie second and third slightly shorter, the fourth still shorter, and the fifth minute; the abdomen is light-colored, probably yellow in life, and the first three segments are rather narrowly margined posteriorly with black; the first segment is also similarly margined in front, and besides has a median black stripe of similar width, which divides the segments into equal lateral quadrate halves, whence the specific aame; the whole abdomen is rather profusel}' covered with very brief, black, microscopic hairs, which are thickest in the black bands bordering the segments, and next the hind edge of the fourth and fifth segments, producing a dusky posterior margin, sim- ilar to but narrower than the dark belts of the preceding segments, and of course very inconspicuous. • Length of body, 18™"; of head, 2.86""""; of thorax, 5.65"°'; of abdo- men, 9.5™" ; breadth of front, 2.4™" ; of head, 4.5"" ; of thorax, 6"" ; of abdomen, 6"" ; probable length of wing, 14 5™" ; length of hairs on abdo- men, 0.04"" ; width of dark abdominal bands, 0.5"". Dr. Williston thinks it can not be a Milesia, but that its affinities are rather with Syrjjhus. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14691 (Dr. F. V. Hayden). ERISTALIS Latreille. Eristalis lapideus. PI. 5, Figs. 48, 49. ErMatis lapideus Scudd., Ball. U. S. Geo'.. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 756 (1S77); Willist., Syn. N. A. Syrph., 281,2'^3(1S86). A poorly preserved specimen, showing little that is characteristic, but which belongs near Eristalis or Helophilus. The body is preserved on a dorsal aspect, with wings partially expanded; the head is nearly wanting, the thorax without markings. The wings are distinct only on the basal DIPTEKA— SYRPHIDJ5. 559 half, and even here show no neuration at all beyond the general course of the principal veins at the very base; the alula?, however, are very distinct, very large, their breadth (along the wing) fully equal to half the breadth of the thorax, dark, with obliquely transverse dark ridges, indicating that they were wrinkled in nature, much as in Volucella or CEstrus. Abdomen long, broadest in the middle of the basal half, beyond tapering considerably, the tip roundly pointed; apical half of basal joint black, forming a distinct transverse straight band; the number of abdominal joints appears to be five. Length of thorax, 3.5™'"; breadth of same, 3.25'"'" ; length of abdomen, 6.5"""; wings, 12""'; breadth of same, 3.5""". Dr. Williston thinks it can not be an Eristalis. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). SYRPHUS Fabricius. Syrphus sp. Syrphus sp. Scudd., Bull U. S. Geol. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 755 (1878). A species of this family, and in size second only to the Milesia from the same beds, is represented by reverse and obverse of a single specimen, which is too imperfect for description, only the body being preserved ; the form and size of this agree best with the genus Syrphus. The length of the body is lO'""'. Grreen River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4110 and 4132 (S. H. kscudder). CHILOSIA Meigen. Chilosia ampla. PI. 9, Figs. 14, 27. Cheilosia ampla Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Gaogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 753-754 (1878). This species is primarily founded on a single specimen which Mr. Bowditch and I found in the shales at Green River, and which preserves nearly all parts of the insect. There is also a specimen with its reverse which we obtained at the same place, and another which Mr. Richardson sent me from these beds, agreeing with the first-mentioned specimen, but a little larger. As only the bodies are preserved, they are temporarily placed 560 TERTIARY IN^SECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. ill this connection until other material is at hand, while the species is described wholly from the more perfect individual. This has a body more nearly of the shape of an Orthoneura, the abdomen being broader and stouter than is usual in Chilosia, but the wings are much longer than in the species of Orthoneura I have seen, and both the shape of the wing and its neuration agree well with Chilosia. The head is round and moderately large, the thorax stout and rounded ovate, the scutellum large, semi-lunar, twice as broad as long ; all these parts are dark brown. The wings are very long and narrow, extending much beyond the tip of tlie abdomen, the costal edge very straight until shortly before the tip, where it curves rapidly ; all the veins are very straight, especially those of tlie upper half of the wing ; the auxiliary vein terminates in the middle of the costal border, the first longitudinal at the extremity of the straight part of the costa, beyond the middle of the outer half of the wing, the third at the tip of the wing, and the second midway between the first and third ; the third is ixnited to the fourth by a straight cross-vein in the middle of the wing, directly beneath the tip of the auxiliary vein, and about its own length beyond the extremity of the long second basal cell ; the extremity of the third basal cell is very oblique and reaches the tip of the lower branch of the fifth longitudinal vein ; the marginal vein, uniting the third and fourth veins, strikes the former just before the tip, while that uniting the fourth and fifth, toward which the fourth bends to receive it, is removed farther from the margin by about half the width of the first posterior cell. The legs are slender, scantily clothed with short, fine hairs. The abdomen is broad, oblong ovate, fully as broad as the thorax, broadly rounded at the apex, no longer than the rest of the bodv, of a light color, with darker incisures, and scantily covered with delicate hairs ; it is composed of five segments, of which the second, third, and fourth are of equal length, the first shorter and suddenly contracted, the apical nnnute. Length of body, 7"''" ; diameter of head, LSo™"' ; length of thorax, 2.5""" ; breadth of same, 2°"" ; length of abdomen, S.S""' ; breadth of same, 2 2"""; length of wing, 6.4"""; breadth of same, 1.8°""; length of hind femora, 1.25"'™; of hind tibiae, 1.25"'"' ; of hind tarsi, 1.25""". Green River, Wyoming. TIn-ee specimens, Nos. 4112, 4135 and 4141 (F. C. Bowditch and S. H. Scudder), 40 (F. C. A. Richardson). DIPTEEA— SYRPHID^. 561 Chilosia ? sp. PI. 9, Fig. 2G, Another species resembling the last, but too large to be referred to it and too imperfect to be sufficient for characterization, occurs in the same beds. It is pretty plainly one of the Syrphidas from its general appearance and from such remains of the neuration as are preserved. The abdomen is almost round, considerably surpassed by the wings, and consists of four visible segments, of which the second is conspicuous for its ornamenta- tion, the margins being dark and joined by a blackish mesial longitudinal stripe, next which, on either side, the surface is much paler than elsewhere. The length of the body is 7.1°"°; the apparent length of the wings, 6.75™"° ; the breadth of the abdomen, 3°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 17 (Dr. A. S. Packard). Chilosia sp. PI, 9, Fig. 8. Cheilosia sp. Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 754 (1878). Two specimens of a smaller species of Syrphidre, preserving the bodies, agree so completely with C. ampla, excepting in their much smaller size, that they are referred to the same genus ; but as the wings are almost entirely lost the reference is made only to indicate the approximate place of the species, which need not be described until better material is at hand. The length of the body is 4.25'"°'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 4113, 4150 (S. H. Scudder). PSILOTA Meigen. PSILOTA TABIDOSA. PI. 9, Fig. 9. A headless body of a testaceous color with a nearly complete wing represents this species. Unfortunately it is not accurately drawn on the plate, the nearly invisible veins connecting the third and fourth longitud- inal veins at their tips and closing the discal cell being omitted and the cross-vein being placed much too near the base. In reality it should lie scarcely within the middle of the discal cell, and the fourth longitudinal VOL xin 36 562 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. vein should curve, brace -like -w/^— v to meet it, while the third longitudinal vein, from which the cross-vein parts at a right angle, runs in a straight course, as represented. The brace-like direction of the fourth longitudinal vein causes the discal cell to be of equal breadth in the distal half and about twice as broad as the proximal half, the whole cell being unusually long and narrow or fully five times as long as its greatest breadth. The first longitudinal vein reaches the margin nearer the tip of the second lon- gitudinal than the auxiliary vein. Length of headless body, 5°"° ; of wing, 4°"°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 59 (Prof Leslie A. Lee). Syrphid^ sp. PI. 10, Fig. 9, Another species of Syrphidtu appears to be represented in PI. 10, Fig. 9, but it is too obscure for determination and is incompletely drawn on the plate. It is in any case a very small species. The basal cells appear to be long, extending nearly to the middle of the wing; the third longitudinal vein is certainly simple, and there are no intercalaries. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 98 (Prof L. A. Lee). DIFTER^ ORTHORH^PHi^ Brauer. BRACHYCERA Zetterstedt. Family DOLICHOPODID^e Loew. DOLICHOPUS Latreille. DOLICHOPUS sp. DoUchopus sp. Scadd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 756 (1878). A specimen and its reverse are to be referred to this family by the structure of the abdomen and by the general aspect. The wings and head, however, are lacking. The thorax is globose, well arched, and, like the abdomen, of a light brown color, and ornamented with scattered, bristly, black hairs. The tip of the abdomen is recurved beneath. The length of the fragment is 3.65°"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 4124 and 4148 (S. H. Scudder). DIPTERA— ASILID^E. 563 Family CYRTID^e Loew. ACROCERA Meigen. ACEOCERA HIRSUTA. PL 5, Pig. 5. Ao-ocera hirsuta Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 755 (1877). A single very fragmentary specimen appears to belong in the neigh- borhood of Acrocera, but is too imperfect to mention with any certainty. The size of the insect, the small head, robust and coarsely haired thorax, stout and abbi-eviated abdomen, indicate a form resembling that of Acro- cera, and the tibia> appear to be destitute of spurs ; but the legs are not very slender and the neuration of tlie fragment of tlie wing does not agree well with Westwood's figure of A. globulus Panz. in Walker's Diptera Bri- tannica. There are, Ijowever, only a few longitudinal veins next the base, disconnected and faint, so that they afford very slight indication of the real character of the wings, and the transverse veins being oIjI iterated nothing can be said of the basal cells. Thorax and abdomen of about equal size. Length of body, 4..')"""; head, 0.6°""; height of same, 1.3""". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen (W. Denton). Family ASILID^E Leach. STENOCINCLIS Scudder (Grevb?, myuXk). StenocincUs Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 751 (1878). This genus of Asilidaj is founded wholly upon characters drawn from the neuration of the wing, the only portion of the insect preserved. It falls into the group of Dasypogonina, in which the second longitudinal vein ter- minates on the margin apai't from the first longitudinal vein, instead of uniting with it just before the margin. It is not veiy far removed from Dioctria, but differs from it and from all Asilidse I have examined in that the third longitiulinal vein arises from the first before the middle of the wing, instead of from the second longitudinal vein after its emission from the first ; the first longitudinal vein has therefore two inferior shoots, giving the wing a very peculiar aspect, and causing it to differ radically from all other Asilidse ; indeed, it would be hard to know where to look for a simi- lar feature among allied Diptera, unless it be in the anomalous group of 564 TEETIAEY INSECTS OF NOETH AMEEICA. Cyrtidse. The wing is very slender and all the cells unusually elongated, which also gives it a unique appearance. Stenocinclis anomala. PI. 9, Pig. 10. Stenocinclis anomala Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 751-752 (1878). This species is represented by a single fragment of a wing, which I found in the Green River shales. Nearly all the neuration is preserved ; but the posterior margin is absent and the length of the cells which border upon it can not be accurately determined. Tlie insect was evidently small, with a long and slender wing. The auxiliary vein terminates slightly beyond the middle of the costal margin ; the first longitudinal vein runs up toward the margin where the auxiliary vein terminates, and follows along next the edge far toward the tip, as usual in this group ; the second longi- tudinal vein originates from the first a little way before the middle of the wing, and witli an exceedingly gentle sinuous curve, turning upward apic- ally, terminates a little way beyond the first longitudinal vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the first as far before the origin of the second longitudinal vein as the distance apart of the tips of the first and second longitudinal veins, and, running at first parallel and almost as close to it as the first longitudinal vein to the apical half of the costal margin, but distinctly separate throughout, it diverges sliglitly from it in the middle of the wing and terminates at the lower part of tlie apex of the wing, curv- ing downward more strongly toward the margin ; at the middle of the divergent part of its course, which is very regular, it emits abruptly a supe- rior branch, which afterward curves outward and runs in a very slightly sinuous coui-se to the margin, curving upward as it approaches it. The fourth longitudinal vein is seen to start from the root of the wing, and runs in a straight course until it reaches a point just below the origin of the sec- ond longitudinal vein, where it is connected with the vein below by the anterior basal transverse vein, and then bends a little downward, running nearly parallel to the third longitudinal vein, but continuing in a straighter course terminates on the margin at nearly the same point ; these two veins are connected by the small transverse vein midway between the anterior basal transverse vein and the forking of tlie third longitudinal vein ; the fourth longitudinal vein is connected by the posterior transverse vein DIPTEEA— ASILID^. 565 (which is scarcely as long as the small transverse vein) with the upper apical branch of the fifth longitudinal vein just beyond its forking, or opposite the forking of the third longitudinal vein ; the fifth longitudinal vein forks pre- viously to this, emitting a branch barely before the point where the ante- rior basal transverse vein stinkes it, so that the branch almost appears to be a continuation of the transverse vein ; and previous to this it has a distinct angle, where another vein is thrown off at right angles, directly opposite the upper extremity of the anterior basal transverse vein, and beyond the origin of the third longitudinal vein ; the basal half only of the sixth longi- tudinal vein can be seen, but its direction shows that it unites with the lowest branch of the fifth at its apex, as in Dasypogon. All the cells throughout the wing are exceedingly narrow. Length of wing, 6.75°"°; probable breadth, 1.6°"". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 4143 (S. H. Scudder). Stenocinclis sp. PL 10, Pig. 15. Certainly to this family, not improbably to this genus, and perhaps to the single species described above, belongs the body of a fly figured on PI. 10, Fig. 15. It is a male. The thorax is very stout, naked, and devoid of bristles. The femora stout, inflated, naked, and spineless ; the tibiae not one-third so stout, cylindrical, hairy, and apparently spinous, not so long as the femora ; the tarsi densely hairy and spinous, the claws stout, strongly curved. The thorax and abdomen, the former more distinctly, show a microscopic longitudinal wavy carding of the integument, which is also faintly seen on the naked femora. Length of body, 9.5""' ; of femora, 2°"" ; breadth of latter, 0.7°"°. Green Hiver, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 45 (Prof. L. A. Lee). AsiLiD^ sp. A fly, apparently of this family, but in too imperfect a state for any reasonable identification at present, was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson three miles up the North Fork of the Similkameen River, British Columbia, and numbered by him 67 and 68. 566 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family STRATIOMYID^E Leach. LITHOPHYSA gen. nov. {Xido?, """; of tarsi, 1.35"'"'. Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 5, 40 (Dr. A. S. Packard). SACKENIA Scudder. Sackenia SciiiM., linll. U. S. Geo]. Geogr. Sniv; Terr., Ill, 753-754 (1877). Bod}' shaped much as in Boletina. Antenn.i? longei- than the thorax, one-fourth slenderer at tlie apex than near the base, gently curved, 2-(- 14- jointed. Legs very long and slender; femora and tibiaj of about equal length; tarsi a little longer than the tibise; the hind tibise and tarsi together a little longer than the abdomen ; the tibiae with one or two apical spurs beneath and spined throughout. Wings rather broad ovate; the smaller veins at the extreme base obliterated in the specimen examined ; auxiliary vein ter- minating on the costa be3"ond the end of the basal third, the first longitudi- nal vein in the middle of the outer half; the second longitudinal vein is unusually curved downward at the tip, so as almost to reach the apex of the wing ; the united third and fourth longitudinal veins part from the sec- ond very near the base of the wing or within the small transverse vein ; Dll'TERA— MYCETOPHILID.E. 595 they divide near the center of the wing, and the fifth and sixth longitndinal as near the base as the third and fourth; the sixth longitudinal vein is straight, and appears to reach the margin of the wing. The genus resembles Boletina more than any of the genera figured by Winnertz, but differs strikingly from it in tlie approximation to the base of the forking of the third and fourth, and of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins. In this particular it closely resembles the Sciarina, but on the other hand differs from them to a greater degree in the length of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, and in that the former reaches the costa. The costal vein does not appear to pass beyond the tip of the second longi- tudinal vein, but this point is obscure. I have dedicated this genus to the distinguished dipterologist, Baron Osten Sacken, to whom I am indebted for many suggestions in the deter- mination of these fossils. Sackenia arcuata. PI. 5, Figs. 3, 4, 12, 13. Sackenia armata Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 754-75.5 (1877) ; in Zittel, Haudb. d. PaheoDt., I, ii, 811, Fig. 1088 (18rf5). This species is represented in part by a female specimen, more than usually well preserved. The body is pale testaceous; the wings wholly hyaline, but the veins faint testaceous; the antenuce are a little longer than the head and thorax together, very slender, of the color of the thorax ; the basal joints are subglobular, slightly broader than long, the remainder twice as long as broad, and beyond the middle of the anterinaj slightly monili- form. In the wings, the base of the hinder cell, using Winnertz's terminology, lies within the base of the upper discal cell, both being nearer the base of the wing than the middle transverse vein, while the base of the middle dis- cal cell is far outside of either of these, near the center of the winjr. The costal vein appears to terminate where the cubital reaches the margin, and the axillary vein nearly or quite reaches the border. The legs are partly detached, and the basal poi'tion of the front pair obscure, but it looks as though the front tarsi were about three times as long as the front tibiae, which is hardly probable. Length of body, 5.(^5"'"; antennae, 2"" ; wings, 4.25"""; hind femora, 3""; hindtibiaj, 2™"'; hind tarsi, 2.4"""; fore tarsi, 2""'. 596 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. A second specimen of the same specifts is similarly preserved, but lacks the wings. The legs, however, are better preserved, and show a pair of apical spurs to the tibiae. The antennas are imperfect, but the pro- boscis is seen. The length of the curved body is a little more than 5.5""". The legs are detached and confused, so that it is impossible to separate the middle and hind legs ; one leg (a front leg, to judge from its length) has the following measurements: femur 1.2""°, tibia, 1.4"™, tarsi 1.7"""; another (probably a hind leg): femur 2.1 (?)"^"^, tibia 2.25"'"', tarsi 1.75'°'"; another (probably tlie opposite of the same): tibia 2.25'""', tarsi 1.75"'°'. Appar- ently, all the tarsi are broken. The tibial spines, both in this and the first- mentioned specimen are delicate, and a little more than half as long as the thickness of the tibia^. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. Two specimens. (W. Denton.) Sackenia ! sp. PI. 5. Fig. 50. Another and far smaller species of Sackenia seems to be indicated by the imperfect fragment of a wing and an obscure body. The third longi- tudinal vein is wrongly drawn as if united to the second instead of to the fourth. The common stem of the latter is joined to the second very shortly before their union, this being effected nearer the base of tbe wing than in S. arcuata. Length of body, 2"""; probable length of wing, 1.6""". Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen, No. SS" (W. Den- ton). Sackenia sp. Sackenia sp. Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 750 (1878). A specimen of Mr. Richardson's collection represents a species of Mycetophilidre apparently belonging to this genus, so far as can be deter- mined. It closely resembles Sackenia arcuata from the White River shales, but differs froui it in its smaller size and in possessing a proportional!}- larger and more arched thorax ; the legs also appear to be shorter. Besides the body and (indistinctly) the antennae and legs, only the upper portions of the wings remain, consisting of the costal margin and first and second longi- DIPTERA— MYCETOPHILID.13. 597 tudinal veins, with tlie cross-vein uniting them ; these wholly agree with the same features in 8. arcuata, excepting that the second longitudinal vein terminates a little higher up. Length of body, 3.75"""; of wings, 2.9"""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 7 (F. C. A. Richardson). ANACLINIA Winnertz. Anaclinia? sp. PI. 9, Fig. 12. Another specimen undoubtedly to be referred to the Mycetophilidaj is figured in PI. 9, Fig. 12, but the fragment of the wing preserved is so obscured by the overlying legs that a nearer determination is impossible. It seems, however, to fall in the neighborhood of Anaclinia or Grnoriste, but the weaker parts of the neuration and the origin of the veins are so obscure that no closer determination can be made. The first longitudinal vein is longer than usual, reaching to beyond the tip of the wing, and the termina- tion of the second is about midway between that of the first and that of the third. The antenn;e are moderately slender, about as long as the thorax with cylindrical joints about twice as long as broad. Length of body, 2.6"""; wing, 2.1°'"'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. G6 (Prof Leslie A. Lee). SCIOPHILA Meigen. SCIOPHILA HYATTII. PI. 10, Fig. 6. Some fragments of legs and one wing are all that remain of the single specimen of this species. Most of the neuration of the wing, and especially of the more important portions, can be made out, but an error occurs in the drawing, in the omission of the brachial vein, characteristic of this group of Mycetophilidaj. The species is peculiar in that the auxiliary vein bends downward and terminates on the radius above the middle cell, showing no branch to the costa. The radius terminates far out toward the tip of the wing. The middle cell is more than twice as long as broad. The cubitus terminates at the extreme wing-tip; the stalk of the upper discoidal vein is 598 TERTIAEY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. short, not more than lialf as long as the middle cell (here again the plate is inaccurate), and the lower discoidal vein forks, apparently, before the base of the upper discoidal stalk, but this point is obscure ; the brevity of the latter is remarkable for a Sciophila. Length of wing (estimated), 5.5"""; breadth, 2™". Named for ni}- learned friend and comrade. Prof Alpheus Hyatt, of Cambridge. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 99 (Prof L. A. Lee). DIADOCIDIA Ruthd DiADOCIDIA ! TERRICOLA. PI. 10, Figs. 10, 11. Diadocidia? terricola Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Gdogr. Siirv. Terr. IV, 750 (1878). This species is founded upon a single wing found by Mr. Richardson, differing to such a degree from Diadocidia that I place it here only because the only other reasonable course would be to refer it to a new genus, which would necessarily be conjectural, from the imperfection of the fragment. If a transverse vein exists in the middle of the wing, it must unite tlie fourth longitudinal vein with the second, and not, as in Diadocidia, with the third. The wing itself is shaped much as in Diadocidia, and, at least near its costal border, is covered with tine hairs arranged in rows parallel to the course of the neighboring veins; one of these rows in the costal cell is so distinct as to appear like a vein parallel to and lying within tlie auxiliary vein. The auxiliary vein terminates in the costal margin far beyond the middle of the wing, a feature, apparently unknown in Mycetophilidse ; the first longitudinal vein terminates only a little farther beyond, and as in Diadocidia there is no transverse vein connecting them ; the second longi- tudinal vein terminates a little above the apex of the wing, curving down- ward at its extremity and apparently surpassed a little by the marginal vein ; the third longitudinal vein originates from the second at only a short distance before the middle of the wing, and soon forks, or at about the middle of the wing ; the fourth longitudinal vein is perhaps connected with the second at the point where it parts with the first by a cross-vein perpen- dicular to the costal margin ; at least, it is elbowed at this point, its basal portion running parallel to the costal margin to the fifth longitudinal vein. DIPTERA— MYCETOPHILIDJ^:. 599 which, beyond this point, has a gentle sinuous course, and diverges rather strongly from the fourth ; the sixth vein can not be traced, although the axillary field is broad, very much as in Diadocidia, and the inner margin distinct Probable length of wing, 3.6™'"; its breadth, 1.45"""'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 125 (F. C. A. Rich- ardson). Mycetophilid^. spp. PI. 10, Fig. 12. Scudd.. Bull. U. S. Geo!. Geogr. Siirv. Terr., IV, 750-751 (1878). Three other species of Mycetophilida? occur among the specimens col- lected by Mr. Bowditch and myself at Green River, Wyoming, but they are indeterminable from their fragmentary condition. One of them. No, 4134 (PI. 10, Fig. 12), has indeed the remnant of a wing, but the portion of the venation preserved is only sufficiently characteristic to enable us to judge that it belongs in this family Tiie thorax is strongly arched, and the full and tapering abdomen indicates a female. The head is gone. The thorax and abdomen are 3.5"°™ long, and the wing probably 3""" long. Another of them, from the same place, No. 4114, has a portion of the base of a wing in which the forking of the fifth and sixth longitudinal veins is very close to the base, as in Sackenia, but nothino- more can be said concerning it ; the thorax is very globular and the abdomen short. Lengtli of thorax and abdomen, 3.65™"'. - The third species is represented by two specimens on one stone (No. 4205) which came from the high buttes opposite Green River Station, and is the only fly which had the slightest value found in four days' search at that spot. One of the specimens is a pupa and the other an imago, apjiar- ently of the same species and distinct from either of the preceding, with a longer thorax and slenderer abdomen, provided with large ovate anal lobe.s. Length of thorax and abdomen, 5'"'". (lOO TERTIA.RY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family CECIDOMYID^E V/estwood. LASIOPTERA Meigen. Lasioptera recessa. PI. 5, Figs. 29-31. LaHoptera recessa Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 745-746 (1877). A single specimen of a minute flv, with the antennae perfect, the body preserved on a side view, with parts of the legs and the wings folded together over the back, raised from tlie body. The head is moderately large and appears to be a little narrower than the thorax. The antennae show fourteen joints, without counting the basal joint, and perhaps one or two more next the base, where the antennae are parted ; the joints are sub- moniliform, slightly broader than long, subequal ; the last joint subconical, twice as long as broad. The wings sliow a principal vein, win'ch strikes the costa about the middle, and apparently another, striking the costa half- way between this and the tip, a feature which does not accord with the structure of the Cecidoiiiyidae generally ; but the wing at this point is very obscure, so that the appearance may be accidental. The legs are appar- ently about as long as the body and rather slender. Length of body, 1.4™™; of antennae, 0.6"""; wings, 1°"". White River, near the Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen. (W. Denton.) LITHOMYZA Scudder (X/Goc, /uv^co). Lithomyza Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr Surv. Terr., Ill, 746 (1677). Ocelli present. Antennae nine-jointed, scarcely longer than the tnorax, the first joint cylindrical, the remainder submoniliform, ovate, about twice as long as broad, minutely and sparsely pubescent. Wings resembling those of Anarete in neuration, but differing considerably in shape, being broadest beyond the middle and tapering toward the base. The first longi- tudinal vein extends beyond the middle of the wing ; the auxiliary vein runs close beside the first longitudinal vein, but only half as far, terminating independently; the second longitudinal vein extends to the tip of the wing, curving downward in the distal part of its course ; the third longitudinal vein forks as in Anarete, but the independent or fourth longitudinal vein DIPTERA— CECIDOMYID^. 601 beneath it in Anarete is absent from Lithomyza. The tibiae are destitute ol" spurs, but furnished with a posterior row of slight, recumbent spines. Lithomyza condita. PL 5, Figs. 34-36. Lithomyza condita Scudd., Bull. U. vS. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 746(1877); in Zittel, Handb. d. Palii'ont. I, ii, 812, Fig. 1089 (1885). Represented by a single specimen in an unusually perfect condition, although somewhat indistinct. The joints of the antennae are difficult to determine, but with little doubt are nine in number ; although short, they are not so abbreviated as in Anarete, the joints being twice as long as broad ; toward the tip, they grow smaller. The legs are long and bristly. The fork of the third longitudinal vein is at the center of the wing, and nearer the base than the extremity of the first longitudinal vein. There is a faint indication of a transverse vein between the first and second longi- tudinal veins, about midway between the fork of the third longitudinal vein and its separation from the second. There is also a faint and very doubt- ful indication of an. oblique cross- vein just beyond the transverse vein men- tioned, running from the first longitudinal vein to the costa. Length of body, 2.7°""; of antennae, 0.75"""; of wings, 2™"'; fore legs, 0.7(?)'""'; middle legs, 2"^"' ; hind legs, 2.4-"™; hind tibia?, aoG""; hind tarsi, 1.28""'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen. (W. Denton.) LEPIDOFTER^ Linne. No Lepidoptera have as yet been found in the American Tertiaries, excepting at Florissant. The butterflies have been described in the Eighth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey and the heterocerous mem- bers will be discussed at another time. Here there is place only for the single species accidentally figured with the Trichoptera. Family TINEID./^ Leach. Tineid?e are not rare in amber, Menge having in his collection sixty- nine specimens, of whicli one was a caterpillar and two were pu|)oe, but they have not been studied. Gravenhorst also mentions a Tinea in amber, and Presl describes one species. Germar long ago figured a large Ypsolophus from the Rhenish brown coal, and Heyden from the same beds figures the larval mine of a Nepticula. Finally, Kawall described a Tineites from " Bergkrystall " at Ufalei in Siberia. The single species here found may be referred, at least provisionallj-, to Psecadia, and though smaller than Germar's Ypsolophus, is a large insect (for this family), resembles it not a little, belongs to the same group, and is remarkably preserved. PSECADIA Hiibner. To this group I temporarily refer a remarkably well preserved moth, which may very properly be better relegated to a distinct genus, on account, in part, of the brevity of the first antennal joint. Its close rela- tionship to Psecadia and Depressaria can hardly be contested, though the neuration can not be traced. It is a large tineid, like those of these two groups, and it is tolerably plain that Germar's Ypsolophus insignis is nearly related ; an interesting fact, since the single fossil species of Tineidse fairly known in Europe is thus found to be closely related to the single species known in America. 60-2 LEPIDOPTERA— TINBID^. 603 PSECADIA MORTUELLA. PI. 15, Figs. 12, 17. A single specimen has been found with its reverse. The insect is pre- served lying upon its side, and though the neuration can not be seen from the wing having been heavily scaled, the whole of the antennaj and most of the palpi, tongue, and legs are well preserved. The palpi are closely recurved over the head, the middle joint apparently of about the same length as the apical joint, compact but heavily clothed, appressed to the front, reaching the summit of the eye, the apical joint very slender and pointed, directed at last backward, reaching the back of the head Antennae fully two-thirds as long as the wings, slender, naked, gently tapering, the basal joint stout, rounded apically, not over twice as long as broad, the succeeding joints uniformly cylindrical, about twice as long as broad, trans- versely sulcate in the middle, as if made of two subjoints, relatively a little lonarer near the middle of the antennas than at the two extremities, the sec- ond joint three-fourths the diameter of the first and only as long as broad. Tongue at least as long as the middle femora, with no sign of squamation at the base anteriorly. Wings full}' tin-ee times as long as broad, the apex roundly but acutely angulate, all heavily squamate. It is difficult to make out what the markings may have been, but it would appear that the wings were grizzly with an interrupted series of small darker spots along the proximal half of the costa, and another series down the middle of the wing on its distal half The legs are not very long, the fore legs somewhat shorter than the middle pair and much slenderer, the tarsi considerably shorter than the femora, and fully as much longer than the short libia. The middle legs are very much shorter than the hind pair, the tibia and tarsi of equal length and each about three-fourths as long as the broad femur; the tibia armed apically with a pair of excessively long spurs. The hind legs can not be fully determined, but the tarsi are about twice as long as the middle tarsi, and the double series of tibial spurs as long as those of the intermediate tibiae. Length of body, 12.5""'; wings, 10.2°'"; probable spread of wings, 25""; length of antennae, S""; fore femora, 2""; tibi;e, 1.3"""; tarsi, l.T"",- middle femora, 2.3"'"; tibia?, 1.75™"'; tarsi, 1.75"""; hind tarsi, 3.5"". Florissant. One specimen, Nos. 8460 and 9630. Tribe TEREBRA-NTIA. Latreille. Family TENTHREDINIDyE Leaeh. TAXONUS Dalilbom. Taxonus nortoni. PI. 10, Figs. 26, 27. A fairly preserved specimen and its reverse, showing a dorsal view with most of a front wing, but neither legs nor antennae. The head and tho- rax are dark, unusually dark for specimens on this stone, but the abdomen is much lighter, almost uniformly so, but showing the sides a little duskier. The veins of the wings and the stigma are uniformly dusky. The first discoidal cell is almost uniformly rhombic, the cross-vein separating it from the sec- ond discoidal cell being unusually long. The first inner apical nervure falls exactly below the middle of the first discoidal cell and the lanceolate cell has a strongly oblique cross nervure terminating opposite the inner end of the same discoidal cell. Length of body, 7..5""" ; breadth of thorax, 2.5'""' ; length of wing, 7""°. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 22 and 140 (Prof L. A. Lee). Family CHALCIDID^E Walker. DECATOMA Spinola. Decatoma antiqua. PI. 10, Figs. 20?, 31. Decatoma antiqua Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 749 (1878). On the same stone as Lystra richardsoni, but at a slightly higher level, is a minute chalcid fly. The wings are lacking, but the whole of the body is preserved, together with the antennjE. The head is large, arched, and 604 HYNENOPTERA— BRACONID.E. 605 otherwise well rounded, the face tapering below, the eyes large, deep, with their inner borders nearly parar.el, leaving an equal front ; the base of the antennae can not be made out, but beyond the long basal joint are six nearly equal quadrate joints, increasing very slightly indeed in size away from the head, scarcelv so long as broad, the spiral joint subconical, scarcely longer than the peiudtimate. Thorax compact, globose, minutely granulated like the head ; the abdomen also compact, arched, the tip rounded ; beyond it the ovipositor extends very slightly, apparently by pressui'e. On another stone, collected by Mr. Richardson, is pretty certainly another specimen of this species, in which the abdomen is distorted by press- ure ; the abdomen shows this by the rupture of the integument, and the result is an apparently slenderer abdomen ; it is also a female, with exactly the same parts preserved, with the addition of the other antenna; but both antenna? are more obscure than in the other specimen, especially at the apex ; they appear, however, to enlarge more rapidly and may be clavate at the tip, in which case the insect can not be the same. Length of body, (of No. 4076), 1.85""" ; of abdomen, 0.95""° ; of antennae beyond basal joint, 0.4"™; width of penultimate anteimal joint, 0.045™". Green River, Wyoming. Two specimens, Nos. 407G (S. H. Scudder;, 86 (F. C. A. Richardson). Family BRACONlDvC Haliday. CALYPTITES Scudder. Calyptitea Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Siirv. Can., 1876-1877, 270 fl878). This name is proposed for a genus of fossil Braconidae, which seems to be distinct from any described living forms. It is related to Calyptus, but ditfers from it in the neuration of the front wings, mainly in the shortness of the first submedian cell, the division between which and the second sub- median cell lies much before the lower extremitv of the first median cell; and still more in the shape and position of the first subcostal and second median cells; the vein which separates them is in straight continuity with that separating the second subcostal and third median cells, so that the sub- costal cells and the median cells lie in parallel lines along the longer diam- 606 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. eter of the winor ; the second median cell is scarcely more tlian half as large as the first subcostal cell, siibquadrate, broadest below; the first subcostal cell is annulate, but broadly oval, its larger diameter along the wing almost twice as long as broad. Calyptites antediluvianum. PI. 3, Fig. 32. Calyptites antedihivianum Scudil., Rep. Progr. Geol. Siirv. Can., 1876-1877, 270 (1878); in Zittel, Handb. d. Palieont, I, ii, 816, Fig. 1100 (1885). Represented by a single fore-wing in perfect preservation. It is uni- formly and scarcely infumated, the anal cell decidedly fuliginous, the stigma also fuliginous and centrally infuscated; as preserved on the stone the veins are pale and delicately edged witli black and accompanied by a very narrow and delicate infumated margin, especially in the basal and lower halves of the wing-; the median vein does not reach the margin of the wing next the anal excision, but bends and runs in a straight course to the outer border ; the second median cell has numerous brief shoots from the nerv- ures along its lower and outer margins, and one is found at the middle of the upper margin of the second subcostal cell, and another below the mid- dle of the vein separating the first and second subcostal cells. Length of wing, 6"""; breadth of the same beyond the costa, 2.1™'". Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 7 (Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). BEACON Fabricius. Beacon laminarum. n. 10, Fig. 29. Bracon lamiiianim Scndd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 748 (1878). A single specimen and its reverse show a body without wings or other appendaofes. The head is quadrate, broader than long, and nearly as broad as the thorax. The thorax is subquadrate, either extremity rounded, about half as long again as broad, the sides nearly parallel, and the surface, like that of the head, minutely granulated; abdomen fusiform, very regular, in tlie middle as liroad as the thorax, as long as the head and thorax tog-ether, tapering apically to a point, and composed apparently of six segments. HYMENOPTERA— BRACONIDJS. 607 Length of body, 2.8"""; of head, 0.6"""; of thorax, 0.85"""; of abdo- men, 1.35"""; breadth of head, l.l"""; of thorax, 1.2""". Green River, Wyoming-. One specimen, Nos. 4196 and 4197 (S. H. Scudder). Bracon sp. PI. 3, Fig. 33. Brcuon si>. .Scudil., Rep. Progr. Gcol. Surv. Can., 1877-1876, 177B (187'J). An insect apparently belonging to Bracon or a closely allied genns is so imperfectly preserved as not to allow of description ; both the front wings are very imperfect ; the whole of the body and fragments of the legs are preserved. The insect was 4™" long, and the length of the front wing about 2.85™°. Siniilkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 69 and 78 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). Braconid^e sp. PI. 10, Fig. 18, Probably belonging to this family is the insect figured on PI. 10, Fig. 18, which represents a minute species preserved on a partially lateral, par- tially dorsal view. Unfortunately the wings are nearly obliterated, and though the general appearance of the insect is gained, it is impossible to determine its place. Its size and general appearance would seem to indi cate tliat it belongs here rather than in the Ichneumonida?, and it perhaps falls in the vicinity of Laccophrys Forst. and of Macrocentrus Cress. Length of body, 3™"' ; of antennae as far as preserved, 2°"" ; of oviposi tor, 1.5°". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 130 (Dr. A. S. Packard) Braconid.e sp. PI. 10, Fig. 28. To this family rather than to the Ichneumonidaj also probably belongs tlie specimen figured in PI. 10, Fig. 28, but of which, the antennjB and ovi- positor being the only well preserved parts, not enough remains to indicate any affinities with certainty. Perhaps it may fall near Meteorus. 608 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of body, 4.5""" ; of (broken) antenna>, 3°"" ; of ovipositor (base wnnting), 2 5™™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 133 (Dr. A. S. Packard). Family ICHNEUMONID.C Leach. ICHNEUMON Linne'. Ichneumon petkinus. PI. 5, Figs. 14, 15. Ichneumon 2)elriiiui .Sciuld.. Bull. U. S. Geo). Geogr. Sinv. Terr.. Ill, ~43 (1877). A fragmentary specimen, preserved on a dorsal aspect; parts of the front wings, the thorax, and liasal half of the abdomen are preserved. The body is blackish and the wing-veins testaceous; the wing, excepting the fusco-testaceous stigma, is hyaline, covered sparsely with ver}' delicate and moderately long liairs ; the stigma is long and slender, the heaver main portion about two and a half times longer than broad, the slender basal extension as long again. Unfortunately, the wing is preserved only as far as, but not including, the areola, so that many characteristic parts are lack- ing ; the second median and first subcostal cells are united, the vein separat- ing them being present only below, where it is directed parallel to the principal longitudinal veins ; the vein from which it springs is bent at an angle of about 70°, so that the part representing the first subcostal cell tapers rather rapidly in its apical half, while its basal half (if the cross-vein were continued) would be of the same size and shape as the second median cell, or a parallelogram nearly twice as long as broad ; the vein separating the first and second median cells is continued in a nearly direct line below; the third median cell is long and rather slender, with somewhat produced angles basally. The first segment of the depressed abdomen is fully half as long again as Itroad, increases a little and regularh^ in size toward the extremity, at its base is about half as broad as the extremity of the thorax, and at its tij) less than half as broad as the broadest part of the thorax ; the second segment is considerably larger, and also enlarges apicalh', but its length is indeterminate. Length of thorax, 2.6"'"' ; breadth of same, 1.5"'"' ; length t>f wing to tip of stigmn, 4.25'"'"; breadth of l)ase of abdomen, 0 5'""'. Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. One specimen (W. Denton). HYMENOl'TEKA— ICHNEUMONIIKE. 60U LITHOl'ORUS gen. iiov. {\iOo<, Topoi). Tliis gemis of IchneumoniclcB is undoubtedly alli'ul to Exyston, but differs from it, as it does from all members of the family known to me, by the separation of the first from the second cubital cell In' a weak nervure, not shown in the plate, which extends entirely across the space usualK' left open in this family, though almost alwaj^s closed in the Braconidje. It is also remarkable for the flaring of the apical culiital cell. The antennte are shorter than the body and the abdomen has the basal joint comparatively stout, considerably enlargin*^, and the subapical joints more than twice as broad as long. LiTllOTORUS CRESSONI. PI. 10, Fif;-. 21. The single specimen is pi-eserved on a side view in which all the parts but the legs are preserved, but the wings are somewhat obscured by over- lapping. Apparentl}^ the areola is not closed externally, and tlie outer cubital cell is opened unusually wide, while tlie radial cell is exceptionally deep for its length ; the parts below the areola are obscure. The antenna; are moderately stout, reaching to the middle of the abdomen, the joints scarcely moniliform, twice as long as broad. The thorax is compact oval. The abdomen beyond the basal joint is as long as the head and thorax together ; the basal joint is more than twice as broad apically as at the base and less than twice its greatest breadth. The whole body, but especially the thorax, is dark colored. Length of body, 4"'"' ; of antenna;, 3°"" ; of wing, 3™'". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 131 (Dr. A. S. Packard). KHYSSA Gravenhorst. Rhyssa juvenis. PI. 10, Fig. 19. Although smaller than anv species I have noted, and nuich smaller than most known to me, I can find no characters in this single specimen which do not occur in Rhyssa, except in the relative ])roportions of the tho- rax and abdomen. Tlie specimen is preserved on a side view and in a gcn- VOL XIII 3!t 610 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. era! way shows eveiy thing except the legs ; but the basal parts of the wings are obscured on account ol" their overlying the body, and give the remainder a foreshortened look. The antennte are tolerably stout, a portion longer than the large thorax being preserved, with joints a little more than twice as long again as broad. The thorax is large, massive, arched, twice as high as the head, regularly ovate, and half as long again as high. The wings are toler- ably broad, and the neuration is obscured by the overlying of the wings and the crumpling of some of them ; it shows, however, a long first cubital cell separated from the second by a mimite triangular areola attached bv its apex directl}' to the radius, with no intervening pedicel, and containing a brief, outward directed, recurrent nervule emitted from the cubital vein slightly nearer the areola than the outer discoidal cell. The abdomen is very obscure, but is certainly very short — no longer than head and abdo- men together — and appears not to be broadest apically, but only a little beyond the middle ; but this can not be stated positively. The ovipositor is considerably longer than the body, stout and straight ; it is densel}" clothed with fine, shox't, recumbent hairs to its very tip. Length of body, 8""" ; of thorax, 3.3°"" ; of abdomen, 4'"'" ; height of thorax, 2.1°""; length of wing, 6.25°""; breadth of same, 2.25"°"; length of ovipositor, e^"" ; breadth of same, 0.25"'°'. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 129 (Dr. A. S. Packard). PIMPLA Fabricius. PiMPLA SAXEA. PI. 3, Fig. 23. rimi)la saxea Scadd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 268 (1877). Tliis species is represented' by a single specimen presenting a shattered thorax, the first four abdominal segments viewed from above, and the front wing. These abdominal segments are pretty uniform and regular, rather strongly convex, pale testaceous, with a broad, blackish fuscous, basal, transverse band, occupying fully one-third of each segment; the segments are quadrate, broader than long, and smootli. Tlie metathorax is pale tes- taceous, and very delicately scabrous. The wing is uniformly hyaline, or shows the slightest trace of infumation, esj>ecially at the extreme tip, and is uniformly and rather sparsely covered with microscojiic hairs, averaging HYMENOPTEKA— ICHNEUMONID.E. (>11 0.04°"" in lengtli in the third median cell, seated upon little chitinous annuli 0.008""° in diameter ; the veins are black, and the basal part of the stigma black, but beyond it is dark fusco-castaneous ; the castaaeous portion (lying beyond the tip of the first median cell) is three times as long as broad, ex- tending half-way down the upper border of the first subcostal cell ; the third costal cell is comparatively narrow at tip, and the tip of the wing is somewhat pointed ; the vein separating the areola or second subcostal cell from the third costal cell is partially obliterated, and the areola is rather small, sub- quadrate, broadest at the open side ; there is the slightest possible trace of the lower extremity of the vein separating the united first subcostal and second median cells, but the vein bordering the upper side of the third median cell is perfect throughout ; the vein separating the third and fourth median cells is gently curved, subsinuate and partially obliterated in the middle. Lengtli of fragment of body, 5.5""" ; length of wing, 8.75™™ ; breadth of wing beyond stigma, 2.9™™ ; greatest width of third costal cell, 0.35™™. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 31 (Dr. Gr. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). PiMPLA SENECTA. PL 3, Figs. 29-31. Pimpla senecla Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 268-269 (1877). A single specimen and its reverse show little besides the greater part of the front wing and the tip of the hind wing ; crushed chitinous masses rep- resent parts of the abdomen, and perhaps of the thorax ; the wing is uniformly hyaline, with the slightest possilde trace of infumation next the base, and is profusely covered with tapering microscopic hairs, averaging 0.065™™ in length in the third median cell, seated upon minute chitinous annuli 0.01™"' in diameter ; the veins are black, or toward the tip and on the hind wing cas- taneous, and the stigma is dark testaceous ; most of the stigma is broken, l)ut enough remains to show that it is apparently not so broad as in the other species here described, and it extends less than half-way down the upper bor- der of the first subcostal cell ; apically the third costal cell is comparatively broad, and the tip well rounded ; the vein separating the areola from the third costal cell is nearly obliterated, and the areola is rather small, and shaped as in P. saxea ; there is no trace whatever of the vein separating the united 612 TERTJAHY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. lirst subcostal and second median cells, although the vein above the third median cell is bent where it should join it, as in the preceding species ; the same \e'n\ is parti.ally obliterated in tlie middle of the portion below the first subcostal cell; the vein separating- the third and fourth median cells is strongly curved, subsinuate and distinct throughout. Leugth of wing, 8.4""": breadth beyond the stigma, ■J.4'"'" ; greatest width of the third costal cell, 0.4""". Formica arcana lies on the same stone. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, Nos. 10'' and 12 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Survey of Canada). PiMPLA DECESSA. PI. 3, Fijv. 27. Pimpla decessa SciidJ., Eep. Progr. (jeol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 269 (1877). The remains of this insect consist of crushed thorax and abdomen, and the two wings of one side of the bod}^, superimposed; upon the same stone, at a slightly higher level, is the specimen of Boletina se])ulta. The thorax and abdomen are entirely crushed and black, but the last segment of rhe latter bears the closest possible resemblance to the abdomen of the male of Pimpla instigator Fabr. The wing' is uniformly infuraated, and the margins of the anal excision infuscated ; it is covered very profusely with short microscopic tapering hairs, more irregularly distributed than in the other two species described, averaging in the third median cell 0.03"""' in length, and seated on chitinous annuli varying in size, some being but half as large as others, tlie larger ones measuring about 0.007"™ in diameter ; the veins are black and the large triangular stigma almost as dark, a little paler toward either extremity ; the stigma is about twice as lono- as broad, and extends more than half-way down the upper border of the first subcostal cell, the vein being partially obliterated be3'ond it ; the third costal cell is rather narrow apically, although the tip of the Aving is pretty well rounded. The species may readil}" be distinguished from those described above bv the shape of the areola, which is pretty regularh- (juadrate, twice as long as l)road, and has the vein next the third costal cell obliterated only at the ends ; there is no trace of the vein separating the united first subcostal and second median cells, and the vein separating these cells from the third median cell is bent in the middle, and nearly obliterated in the middle half; HYMENOPTEKA— ICHNEUMONID.E. 613 the vein separatiug the third and fourth median cells is strongly curved, not at all sinuate, and slightly indistinct at its upper extremity. Length of fragment of body, S.rV""' ; length of wi.ig, 7.7'""' ; breadth of same beyond the stigma, 2.6'"'"; greatest Avidth of third costal cell, 0.27""". Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 9^" (Dr. CI. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). GLYPTA Gravenhorst. Glypta transversalis. ri. 10, Fig-. 25. The single specimen is preserved on a dorsal view, with the upper right wing turned forward and reversed. The flaking of the stone in front has destroyed the antennje, no legs are preserved, and the apical portion of the abdomen is altogether obscure ; no ovipositor can be seen. The general disposition of the neuration is altogether as in all the figures of Glypta I have seen, but there are several points in it wherein it differs from all of them. The basal cubital cell is much less elongated than usual by the comparatively slight extension of the apical portion of the cell beneath the stigma, consequent upon the brevity of the basal portion of the radius ; the basal discoidal cell is also unusually short and the cross-vein separating the middle and apical discoidal cells straight and not zigzag. The eyes are large and ])rominent, and by the preservation of the specimen it is evident that they shared in the considerable variegation of the bod}" by being of a light color with a basal dark annulus, next which the head was again light, with a dark central portion relieved by a posterior transverse light belt. The thorax was similarly ornamented, the mesothorax having dark sides and a broad mesial light band enlarging posteriorly and anteriorly, but divided by a middle dark line which expands in front and behind to a stripe. The metathorax is mostly light with a mesial dark stripe. The abdomen is light, but with the lateral prominences at tlie base of the earlier joints peculiar to Glypta (here transverse instead of obliquely longitudinal) of a dark color; these prominences are largest on the first and second segments, where the}' nearly touch in the middle, and especially on the second segment, where they are twice as Inroad as on the others, slightlv oblique, but directed 614 TERTIARY INSECTiS OF NORTH AMERICA. inward and backward (not forward) and reticulated as if more or less punc- tate in life. The head, thorax, and abdomen are of about equal width. Length of wing-, 4.5™™. Grreen River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 76 (Prof L. A. Lee). ECLYTUS Holmgren. Eci.YTUS LUTATUS. PI. 10, Fig. 24. The single specimen is preserved on a side view, with one wing droop- ing. A portion of the moderately- stout antennae is preserved, showing them to be at least nearly as long as the body, and the middle joints to be rather more than twice as long as broad. The neuration of the wing is obscure about and below the region of the areola, which appears to be lacking, the direction of the cubital vein from its extremity backward being toward the angle of the radius beyond the stigma ; before this junction the cubitus is more curved than represented on the plate ; the obscurity prevailing in that region does not permit one to see the cross-vein below the position of the areola with clearness, but there is a faint indication of a straight vein depend- ing from that point ; the separation of the second discoidal and humeral cells is by a straight, scarcely oblique cross-vein in direct continuation of the vein above and not shown on the plate. The neuration of the hind wing is exactly as in all species of Eclytus. The abdomen is evidently compressed laterally, pediceled by the apically enlarging long first segment, the remainder oblong ovate on a side view, most expanded beyond the mid- dle, a little more than twice as long as high ; ovipositor scarcely so long as the extreme height of the abdomen. Length of body, 3.5™™ ; of wing, 2.65™™ ; of ovipositor, 0.65™™. The species apparently differs from those figured by Snellen van Vol- lenhoven in his Pinacographia in that the cubital vein meets the radius by a union of similar but reversed angles. Grreen River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 36 (Prof L. A. Lee). HYMENOPTERA— MYRMICIDJ5, 615 Tribe ^CULE^T^ Latreille. Family MYRMICIDyE Lepelletier. APH.ENOGASTER Mayr. Aph.enogastee long.eva. PI. 3, Fig. 2S. AplKenogauter loHg(Fia ScuiW., Rep. Progr. Oeol. ((eogr. Sarv. Can., IST.'i-lSTU, 2(i7 (1877). A single very obscure and fragmentary specimen, and its still more obscure reverse, are the sole representatives of this species ; they exhibit a crushed and confused mass of head, thorax, legs, and antennae, and the larger part of a single front wing, apparently of a male. Thewing is faintly infumated, especially beyond the stigma, and the stigma itself is only a little deeper in tint ; the wing is also covered very sparsely with excessively delicate and very short microscopic hairs. The cubital vein forks beyond the discoidal cell by only one-third the width of the latter, and both the veins run to the tip of the wing, although very faintly. This cell is shaped exactly as in A. berendti Mayr, found in amber, and is distant from the scapular vein by only half its width ; the costal margin of the wing is more convex beyond the stigma than in the amber species mentioned. The base of the wing is lost, but its probable length is 7""", and its greatest breadth is 2.3™" ; length of stigma, 0.8""°. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 33 (Dr. Gr. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). MYRMICA Latreille. Myrmica sp. PI. 10, Fig. 22. Myrmica sp. Scndd., Bull. U. S. Oeol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 748 (1878). A species of this family was found at Green River, but a specific name is withheld in the hope of finding better material on which to base it. The head is rather small, circular ; the thorax very regularly ovate and nearly twice as long as broad ; the peduncle small and composed of two adjoining 616 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMEIMCA. circular masses, the hinder sliii-htly the larger ; the abdomen is much broken, but evidently larger than the thorax and pretty plump ; no append- ages are preserved. Length of body, 3.3'"™ ; diameter of head, 0.4™™ ; length of thorax, 1.2™™; width of same, 0.75™™; length of peduncle, 0.25™™; diameter of anterior joint of same, 0.1™™; width of abdomen, 0.85™"' ; its probable length, 1.8™™. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen. No. 53 (F. C A. Rich- ardson). Family FORMICID^^ Stephens. HYPOCLINEA Mayr. HyPOCLINEA OBLITERATA. PI. 3, Figs. 25, 2G. Hjipoclinca ohJiierata Scadd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Ceogr. Siirv. Cau., 1875-187fi, '267 (1877). There are two specimens to be referred to Hypoclinia, and both are very fragmentary. One (No. 8) consists of the partial remains of the wings of one .side overlapping; the other (No. 14) of similar remains, 1)ut so faintly impressed on the stone that some of the veins can not be traced at all, and .since in all essential features it agrees with the more distinct fragments, I have considered it as belonging to the same species, although it is of slightly greater size. The essential portions of the fore wing remain, showing the neuration to be that of Hypoclinia; the second cubital cell is triangular, and the vein which marks its outer limit arises from the u])per branch of the cubital vein a little beyond the cross-vein depending from the stigma ; the discoidal cell is of about the same size as the second cubital cell, and is subquadrate, the vein marking its outer margin a little curved, and the apex of the cell itself separated by but a short space from tlie base of the second cubital cell. The scapular vein is more darkly colored than the others, and a faint fuligi- nous cloud appears to surround the rather dark stigma. Length of fragment of wing, 5™™ : distance from base of wing to tip of stigma, 4™™. Quesnel, British Columbia. Two specimens, Nos. 8, 14 (Dr. G. M. Dawson, Geological Surve}- of Canada). H YMENOrX 1<; R A— ia)UM low /E . 617 LI0ME'I\)1'ITM Mayr. LlOMETOPUM PINOTIE. PI. 5, Fig. 10. Liometopiim jiingiie Sciuld., Bull. U. ,S. Geol. fieogr. Surv. Terr., Ill, 742-74H (1877). The single sj^ecimen representing this species is a male, as the number of abdominal segments show : but the wings are lacking. The insect is viewed from above. The head and thorax are slightly darker than the abdomen, but otherwise the whole body is uniformly fuscous, somewhat darker than the stone. The head is very small, subquadrate, slightly broader behind, and the posterior angles nearly rectangular ; the anterior margin of the head is broadly and pretty regularly rounded, and the whole head is of about equal length and breadth. The thorax is ver}^ regularly ovate, broadest next the insertion of the front wings (traces of the origin of which can be seen), nearly twice as long as broad, rapidly tapering on the metathorax. The peduncle, as seen from al)0ve, is square, half as broad as the head, the hinder edge showing by its thickening that it was probably elevated at this point. The abdomen is plump, rounded ovate, scarcely less rounded posteriorly than in front, only one quarter longer than broad, broader than the thorax, composed of six segments, of which the first, third, and fourth are about equ;d in length, and the second half as long again. Length of whole body, 7.5'""' : of thorax, 3'""' : breadth of same, 1.8™"' ; of peduncle, 0.9'""' ; of abdomen, 2.3"'"' ; length of hind femora, 4..'!'""' ; breadth of same, CSG""". On account of the smallness of the head, I venture to place this insect in the genus Liometopum. It lias the aspect of a Hypoclinea, but the head is only half as broad as the thorax. Fossil Canon, White River, Utah. One specimen. (W. Denton.) A specimen from Green River, of precisely the same size and general appearance and pretty certainly belonging to the same species, is also wing- less and has no legs preserved, but the thorax is rather profusely (;lotlied with exceedingly delicate very short hairs. Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 2(j2 (Dr. A. S. Packard). (518 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. F(.)RMICA Linne. Formica arcana. PI. 3, Fig. 24. Formica arcana Scudd., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 266-267 (1877). A single fragment of a wing, exhibiting, however, all the important parts of the neuration, is to be referred to the genn.s Formica (s str.) Pimpla senecta lies on the same stone. The discoidal cell is of medium size, subquadrate, a little broader below than above ; the single closed cubital cell is about three times as long as the discoidal cell, being a little produced (to considerably less than a right angle) at the tiji, where the transverse vein, coming obliquely from the stigma, strikes the cubital vein exactly where it branches, forming a minute stigma, from which four veins radiate almost symmetrically; the wing is of a uniform, faint fuliginous color, the stigma of medium size, darkest along its lowest border, and all the veins dark, the scapular vein even black, and margined on its apical half with testaceous. The wing is 3"'™ in width, from the anal emargination to the base of the stigma, and the tip of the basal internomedian cell is 4.25"™ distant from the apex of the closed cubital cell, making it probable that the entire length of the wing was nearly 12"™. Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen. No. 10" (Dr. G. M. Daw- son, Geological Survey of Canada). LASIUS Fabricius. LaSIUS TERREt'S. PI. 10, Fig. 23. Laxiiis tn-reus Scudd., Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 747-748 (1878). A single specimen obtained by Dr. Hayden at the " Petrified Fish Cut," Green River (alluded to in his Sun Pictures of Rocky Mountain Scenery, page 98), is probal)ly to be referred to this genus, but is in rather a poor state of preservation. The head is small and rounded, with antennae shaped as in Lasius, but of which the number and relative length of the joints can not be determined from their obscurity ; the long basal joint, however, ap- pears to be comparatively short and uniform in size, being not quite so long as the width of the head, while the rest of the antenna" is more than half as HTMENOPTERA— FORMICID.T:. 619 long as the basal joint, and thickens very slightly toward the apex. The thorax, preserved so as to show more of a dorsal than a lateral view, is com- pact, oval, less than twice as long as broad, with no deep separation visible between the meso- and metathorax, tapering a little posterioi'ly. Flic pe- duncle, as preserved, is a minute circular joint, but from its discoloration appears to have had a regular, rounded, posterior eminence. The abdomen consists of five joints, is very short oval, very compact and regular, and of about the size of the thorax, although rounder. The legs are long and slender, the femora of equal size throughout, and all the pairs similar. There is no sign of wings, and the specimen is ^irobably a neuter. Length of body, 7.5°"" ; of head, 1.4""" ; of thorax, 3.2™"' ; of abdomen, 2.9"""; breadth of head, 1.1'"'"; of thorax, 1.9'"™ ; of abdomen, 2.2'""' ; diam- eter of peduncle, 0.55"'"; length of first joint of antennae, 1'""'; of rest of antennae, 1.65™"' I Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, No. 14692 (Dr. F. V. Haydenj. CA]HPONOTUS Mayr. Camponotus vetus. PI. 5, Figs. 1, 2. Camponniiis vetus Scudd., Bull. V. S. Geol. Geogr. .Siirv. Terr., Ill, 742 (1877). A single specimen, very fairly preserved, lying upon the side ; a rem- nant of one wing is left, and a faint indication of the antennae, but the legs are wanting. The head has a flat summit, the upper half of tlie sides roundly ])rotuberant, the lower half rather broad, and tapering Ijut little ; the tliorax is long and moderately slender, compacted into a single mass, with a low arch, more than twice as long as high. The fir.st segment of the abdomen increases rapidly in size posteriorly, and has a rounded knob above at its hinder end ; the abdomen is long and slender, composed of five joints, the second the largest, gradually tapering to the pointed tip. It seems to agree better with Camponotus than with any otlier genus, but has a difi'erently shaped head and first abdominal joint, and is smaller than the species of that genus, so that it is only placed here provisionally until other and better specimens are obtained. Length of body, 3.75"'"'; of thorax, 1.15"""; of abdomen, 2'"™. White River, near tiie Colorado-Utah boundary. One specimen (W. Denton). 620 TERTlAllY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Family SPHEGID^E Westwood. DIDINEIS Wesmael. DiDINEIS SOLIDESCENS. PI. 10, I<^ig. 30. The body of the single specimen known is preserved on a side view but partially dorsal, and though the antennpe, and legs are destroyed, the wings are tolerably well preserved. Tliere is, however, no sign of any spine on the sides of the metanotum, the thorax here appearing to be well rounded ; nor would the abdomen appear to be so closely narrowed at the base as in Didineis. The neuration of the wings agrees very closely with that of Didineis lunicornis Fabr. sp., (except in the very nuich larger size and sub- triangular shaj^e of the marginal cell, the width of which is nearly one-third that of the wing. The middle discoidal cell also is remarkable for its ex- treme length, being at least three times as long as its basal breadth. The body is not very darkly colored on the stone, being of a rather pale testa- ceous tint, but the apical half or less of the abdominal segments are paler than the rest. Length of body, 7""" : (jf wing, 5:2i}""". Green River, Wyoming. One specimen, Nos. 132 and 263 (Dr. A. S. Packard). LIST OF SPECIES. G22 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Speciks Described in the Present Work, with Reference to the Places where They are Described and Figured and the Localities and Horizons at WHICH They are Found. Tlie following abbreviatious are used iu the last two columns of localities : Q. = Quesnel ; S. = Simil- kameeu River; M. = Nine-Mile Creek; N. = Nicola; C. C. = Crow Creek, Colo. ; H. C. = Horse Creek, Wjo. ; T. C. = Twin Creek, Wyo. ; S. O. = Scarboro, Ontario ; P. K. = Port Kennedy, Pa. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Systematic list of species. Groui)8, genera, and species. MYRIAPODA. lulns telluster ARACHNIDES. ACARINA. Ixodes tertiarius ARANEIDES. Saltigrad.e. Attides. Parattus resurrectus Parattus evocatus Parattus latitatns LATERICiRADJS. TItomisides. Thomisus resutns Thomisns disjnnctus Thomisus defoseus TUBITELAR1.S:. Dijsderides. Segestria secessa Drasaides. Clubiona eversa Clubiona arcana Clubiona latebrosa Clubiona ostentata Anyphsena interita Jgaleniden. Tltanteca ingenua Titanuica hesterna Retitelaki.e. Theridides. Aranea Columbia'. Theridiura opertaneuni ... . Theridium seclusum Linyphia retensa I'ase. 44 47 53 54 55 57 58 59 61 63 64 65 65 67 69 69 71 73 74 75 Plate and tisiure. Localities where found. X I— • CO O o 6: 15 6: 12 11 : 26 11: 13 11: 9 11: 23 11 : 28 11: 22 11: 4 11: 18 11: 24 11: 5 11 : 29, 32 2: 1,2 11: 3 11: 20 11: 25,27 «&. O o m a n o £ Geological horizon. Oligocene . Oligocene... Oligocene . ....do ....do Oligocene . ....do ....do Oligocene . Oligocene. ....do -..do ....do ....do Oligocene. ...do Oligocene. ....do ....do ....do TABLES— ARACHNID ES. 623 Distribution of the Species with which Tiiev are Compaukd. lu tho columns giving Degree of Rolatioiisliip the following miirku are iisoil : 1 1 ^ very close ; ! = close ; " = general ; t = distant ; ? := possilile. Fossil species. Existing species. Name of species. Wbere foiuiil. Horizon. Name of species. Wbere living. 1 •> •{ ^ r, H 7 H o S. senoculata (Linn.) Europe () o o o t C. tomentosa K. & B... C.8ericea,C.lanataK.-B. C. attennataK. & B... C.microphthalmaK.-B. Baltic amber. ....do Ligurian.. in . ..do ) 1 ....do ..do l-> ....do ...do V? 11 t t T.quadriguttata(H.) do Europe do Ti Hi 17 D T. granulatum K. & B.. T. hirtuni K. & B Baltic amber. do 18 » do IP t L. cheiracantba K. & B. ....do ....do 20 624 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Speciks Descuibed in the Present Work, etc.— Coutiuued. Systematic list of species. 8 9 10 11 12 i:! 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Groups, geueia, aud species. Orhitelari.e. E2>drides. Tetiagnatba tertiaria Tetlineus guyoti Tetlineiis obdnratus Tethnens hentzii Tethiieiis provectus Epeiia meekii Epeira abscondita Epeira delita Epeira cinefiicta Epeira vulcanalis Epeira emertoni Epeira sp Epeira sp Epeira sp Nephila peiiuatipes NEUROPTERA. THYSANUEA. Ballostoma. Planocephalus aselloides... Lepismatid.e. Lepisma platymera TERMITINA. Parotermes iosiguis Paroterraes hagenii Parotermes fodin:e Hodotermes coloradensis... Euteruies fossaruin Eutermes meadii PSOCINA. Paropaocus disjuuctns EPHEMERID.E. Ephemera tabifica Ephemera immobilis Ephemera inacileuta Ephemera pumicosa Ephemera interempta Ephemera exsticca Page. 77 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 8.5 89 89 89 94 102 108 110 112 113 115 115 118 120 121 122 122 123 124 Plate and figure. 11: 11 11: 8,10 11 : 31 11: 14 11 : 21 n : 2, 17 11: 7 11: 6 11: 16 11: 15.19 11: 1 Localities where found. S o 'Z ° C5 11: 12 Figs. in text 12: 18 12: 13,14 X 12: 2 X 12: 3,22 X 12: 6 X 12: 20 X 12: 12,17 X 5: 51 12: 5 12: 4,10 12 : 7, 15, 10 , X X 12: 9 I X ^1 ! rS M Geological horizon. Oligoceue. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oligocene. Oligocene . Oligocene . ....do ...do ....do ...do ....do Oligocene (?). Oligocene.. - ....do ....do ...do ...do ...do TABLES— NEUROPTBEA. 625 Distribution of thk Species with which They ake Compared— Coutiuned. Fossil species. Existing species. Name of species. Where found. Horizon. £5 Name of species. Wliere living. t T. grallator Hentz. East. U. S. 1 9 3 4 5 0 E. troschelii Bertk Rott Anuitanian. fi 7 R <4 10 11 V^ 13 14 o N. plamiiJCsKoch.. South. U. S. l.'i Hi 17 18 111 20 c Oeniugen Tortonian ?1 99. 9^ 94 2.'i i>r. 27 9M 9.0 . .. . :?0 VOL XIII 40 626 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of tiik Species Described in the Pkesent Work, etc. — Coutiimcd. s 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ifi 17 18 19 20 2[ 22 23 24 25 26 27 2.S 29 30 Systematic list of species. Gronjis, goucra, and spt'cies. Pajj ODONATA. AtiRIONINA. Dysagrioii fredeiicii Dysagrion lakesii Dysagriori packardii Podagriou abort! vuin Litbagriou byaliuuin Litbagriiin umbratiim , Agriou mascesceas Agrion exsnlarls Agrion tellnris ^ESCHNINA. ^scbua Bolida jEscbna separata .lEscbna larvata Libellulina. Libell ula sp PLANIPENNIA. SlALINA. Corydalites fecuuduni Rai>bidia tranqnilla Inocellia veierana Inocellia soiimolenta luocellia tumulata Inocellia eventa Hemerobina. Osniylus requietus Bolbromicromus lacblani Palicocbrysa stricta Tribocbrysa vctuscula Tribocbrysa ineciualis Tribocbrysa finuat.a Panorpid.e. Holcorpa maculosa Paiiorpa rigida TRICHOPTERA. Hydropsychid.e Hydropsycbe operta Hy dropsyche marcens Polycentropas exesus 130 132 132 134 135 136 138 139 140 143 144 145 146 149 154 15G 157 l.')rt KiO 162 164 166 170 170 172 174 176 180 180 181 Plate and iigiirc. 6: 1,3,11 6: 7, 8 13: 4 13: 12,14 13: 8,9 13: 6 13: 10 13: 1 13: 15 13: 11 6: 4,16 (4: .')■/, llilrt. 18- ( 21. 23. 14: 2 14: 1 14: 12 14: 15 14: 3,8 2: 7-10 14: 13,14 14: 9 14:6,7,10,11 14: 4,5 5: 52,53 15: 7 Localities where found. a X I — I •/J o CO o O CQ Q. c.c. Geological horizon. Oligocene, ....do ....do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oligocene - ....do ....do Oligocene... Laramie .. Oligocene. ....do ....do ....do ....do Oligoceue. .do. .do. .do. .do. Oligocene. .-..do Oligocene. Oligocene. ....do TABLES— NEUKOrTERA. 627 Distribution of tue Species with which They are Compared— Coutiiiucd. Fossil species. Existing species. Name of species. Where found. Horizon. Name of species. Where living. 1 9. 3 o P. macropiis Selys . Venezuela 4 5 f. 7 8 9 II ^. coustricta Say. . ^.Janata Say Northern U. S . New England-. 10 M 11 12 13 t Corydalns cornntus. Northern U. S - 14 15 IC 17 18 19 1 O. pictus Hageu Baltic amber. Liguiian .. 20 21 22 23 24 25 2C ■ 27 "9 '"} 10 628 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Spkciks Describkd in tuk Phesent Wouk, etc. — Coulinueil. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, aud species. HVDROPSYCHID.E— C'n'd Polycentropus eviratus Derobrochus abstractiis Derobrocbus eieuiileutus Derobrochus a^ternus Derobrochus commoratus Derobrochus niarcidus Derobrochus frigescens Derobrochus craterse Litobrochus externatus Leptobrochus luteus Mesobrocbiis letha-us , Mesobrochus imbecillus Paladicelbi eruptionis Tiuodes paludigena Leptocerid^. Setodes portionalis Setodes abbreviata LiMNOPHILID/E. Liuinophihis soporatus Indusia calculosa PHRYGANID.E. Neuron ia evanesceus PhrvKanea labefacta Lininopsyche dispersa , ORTHOPTERA. FORFIfUI.AlU.E. LabidurOMinui avia Labiduromuia borniansi , Labiduroimua uiortale Labiduromuja commix tuui Labiduromuia tertiarium Labidnromma gilbei ti Labiduromuia exsulaf uni Labiduromuia litho|>liilum Labiruromma .sp Labiduromuia infernum Labiduromuia labens Blattari-E. Paralatindia saussurei Page. 182 183 1^3 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 188 189 189 19u 191 192 193 194 196 197 199 205 206 207 208 211 212 213 214 214 214 216 Plate aud figure. 13: 15: 2 15: 6,16 13: 13; 15: 4 15: 10 15: 1,3 15: 11 15: 13 15: 14 15: 9 15: 15 15: 4: 13 13 13 16: 3. f). 11,22,23 16: 1 16: 2,6,20 16: 10,17 209 ! 16: 15, 18, 21 16: 14 16: 12 16: 19 16: 24 16: 7 16 : 9, 13, 16 6: 25 Localities where found. 13 Ji SO o 1 t-J « o :» H.C Geological horizon. Oligocene ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do ... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. ....do .... Oligocene Oligoceue. ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. ....do.... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene TABLES— ORTHOPTEU A. 629 Distribution op the Species with which They aue Compahed— Coutiuued. Fossil species. Existiug species. I'i £.2 Name of species. Where foiiiul. Horizon. o;H £2 «2 N.ime of species. VVbere living. 1 9 3 4 r. (i 7 8 0 , in 11 i'> 13 14 15 1*> 17 ia 10 90 91 99 9?; 0.J "5 ^ "(") 97 "K 9') :in 11 :f-> :{3 G30 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTB AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc. — Continued. Systematic list of s])ecies. Groups, genera, and species. 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Blattari.e — Continued Zetobora brunueri Homoeogamia ventriosa Phasmida. Agathemera reclusa ACRIDII. TruxaUdce. Tyrbula luultispinosa T Tyrbuia rnsselli Gomphocerus abstnisns CEdipodidw. Nanthacia torpida CEilipoda pra'focata Taphacris reliquata . L00USTARI.E. PliyllojihoridiE. Lithyninetes guttatus Psetidophyllida: Cymatomera maculata Conocc2)halid(e. Orchelimum placidum Locusta silens Grt/Uaa-ididcr. Gryllacris cineris Locustariae sp Gryllides. Pronemobius induratns Proneniobius tertiarius Pronemobius smitbii HEMIPTERA. HOMOPTERA. COCClDyE. Monophlebus simplex Aphides. Apliidinm. Catanenra absens Cataneura riley i Archilachnus pennatus Arcbilacbuus mudgel Gerancon davisii Pace. 217 218 219 221 222 223 224 225 226 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 235 236 242 245 245 247 247 248 Plate and fijiure. 17: 12 17: 8 17: 11 17: 13 17: 1-4 17: 6 6: 18 6: 13,21,23 6: 22 17: 5 12: 8,19 17: 14,15 17: 7 17: 16,18,19 17: 9,10 17: 17 18: 1,15-17 Localities where found. a u O n O X Geological horizon. Oligoceue. ...do Oligocene Oligocene. ...do ...do Oligocene. ...do ...do Oligocene . Oligocene. Oligoceue. ....do Oligoceue. ...do Oligocene. ...do ...do Oligocene Oligocene. ...do ...do ...do ...do TABLES— HEM IPTERA. 631 Distribution op the Species with wincii They are Compared— Continued. Fossil species. Existing species. ^2 Name of species. Where found. Horizon. ii t-l Name of species. Where living. 1 o S 4 <-, (! 7 R '1 in 11 t t O.concinnum Scudd L.occidentalis Tboiii Northern U.S .. California r> n 11 Ki • 16 17 1 ... 18 o M. pennatus G. & 13. .. Baltic amber. Liguriau .. t 11 •?n 9.1 99. .... 9;t a4 632 TERT[ARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. SvsTEMATic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc. — Continued. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 O) 2! 21 2r> 21) 27 28 29 30 31 Si 33 34 35 Systematic list of species. Groupg,genera, and species. Jphidina;— Cont'd. Geraucon petioruni Sbenapbis quesneli Sbenaphis uhleri Sbenapbis lassa Aphantapbis exsuca Sipbouopboroides antiqua Sipbonopboroides lafiuesquei Sipbonophoioides propinqua Lithapbis dirnta Tepbrapbis simplex Tepbrapliis walsbii Apliidopsis siibteraa Ajibidopsis bargeri Apbidopsis lutaria Apbidojisis margaruin Apbidopsis dalli Apbidopsis emaciata Apbidopsis sp Oryctapbis recoudita Oryctapbis lesueiirii Sycliiiobrocbus re vi vescens Schizoneuriiug. Scbizoueuroidesscudderi Amiilaucou lutosus Aucouatusdorsuosus Anconatus biicktoni Pterostigma recurvum Pterostigma nigrum PSYLLIDiE. Necropsy Ua rigida Catopsylla prima FULGORINA. Fulgorida. Nyctophylas ubleri Nyctopbylax vigil Apbaiia atava Apbana rotiiudipeuuis Lystra ricbardsoni Lvstra leei . 249 250 252 253 254 255 250 257 258 259 2C0 261 262 263 264 264 265 266 266 267 268 269 270 272 272 274 275 27G 277 279 280 281 282 283 283 2: 6 2: 4,5;18:12 Plate and figure. 18: 3,.5,7,10 18: 4 1-: 19 18: 8 18: 11 18: 14 18: 6 18: 2 18: 13 18: 9 18: 18 12: 11,21 19: 11 19: 8 5: 96,97 6: 27 6; 2i, 30, 31, 7 : 1, 3 7: 2 Localities wbere found. a ^ d o X? O, •sa m Q Q _0 m Geological borizon. Oligocene ...do ...do ...do -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. -do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Oligocene. ....do ....do ...do ....do ....do Oligocene. ....do Oligocene ...do Oligocene (?). Oligocene ....do ...do TABLES— HEMIPTEEA. 633 DisTHiBUTiON OK THE iSpKciES WITH WHICH THEY AKK CoMPAUED— Continued. Fossil species. Existing species. n Name of species. Where found. Horizon. H 2 Name of species. Where living. 1 yi :< 4 5 6 7 8 q 10 n 1" n 14 l^i IP) 17 18 11 "Jfl '>1 . --- . W 91 ^i • 95 9fi "7 ■JR oq 10 1] T> T? -• H 1 1 35 634 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List or the Species Described in the Present Work, etc.— Continued. b G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 •20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Systematic list of species. Groups, geuera, and species. Fii Igorida — Cont'd Fnlgora granulosa Fnlgora populata Fulgora obticescens Dictyojpharida. Dictyophara bouvei Cixiida. Cixius hesperidum Cixius proavus Oliarus lutensis Diaplegma haldemani Diaplegma veterascens Diaplegraa abductuni Diaplegma vener.abilo Diaplegnia occultoruni Diaplegma rninosnm Diaplegma obdormitum Oliarites terrentula Florissantia elegans DeJphacida. Delpbax senilis Planopblebia gigantea AcMlida. Elidiptera rcgularis Eicaniida. Hammapteryx reticulata Flatida. Lithopsis fimbriata Lithopsis elongata Ficarasites stigmaticum J.4SSIDES. Tettigonia priscomarginata Tettigonia priscotinctji Tettigonia priscovariegata Tettigonia obtecta Bythoscopus lapidescens Agallia lewisii Agallia flaccida Agallia instabilis Agallia abstructa Pago. 284 284 285 286 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 294 295 29G 297 298 300 301 301 302 303 303 304 305 305 306 306 307 Plato and fiLiure. 6: 35 7: 16 19: 1 21: 16 6: 19 19: 14 7: 18 15: 8 7: 17 19: 12 5: 95 2: 16 19: 13 6: 34 6: 36,37 6: 28 6: 20 7: 4 19: 9 5: 58,59 5: 94 19: 7,21 Localities where foand. 55 CD Q 3 n Geological horizon. Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene ? Oligocene. Oligocene. Oligocene - ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene . . ....do ....do Oligocene? Oligocene ? Oligocene.. ....do ....do ....do TABLES— HEM I PTERA. 635 Distribution of tiik Species with which Thev ake Compared — Contiuued. Fossil species. Existing species. II Name of species. VV'here found. Horizon. 4- i ^1 Name of species. Where liviiif;. 1 2 3 4 () 7 8 9 10 11 12 1"! H 1'i Ifi 17 18 19 ''(I "1 oo "T o t Aul. irroratiis(F.).. Tett. bellaWalk... United States.. Silliet ■'•1 05 - '>() 97 98 99 30 31, 32 636 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of tfib Spkcies Drsciubed i>f the Present Work, ETC.—C'ontiuued. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and species. 1 2 •< 4 ."■) G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2:! 24 25 26 27 2R 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3t) .Iassides — Continued. Gypona cincrcia Jassus latebrae ... Thamuotettix mutilata Thamuotettis gauuetti Thamnotettix Inndi Cicadula saxosa Acocephalus adai Acocephalus callosus . Jassopsis evideus Coelidia coluinbiana Ccelidia wyouiingensis DocimuB psylloides Cercopid.e. Cercopida. Cercopites unibratilis Cercopites callisceus Cerciipis selwyni Cercopis aslricta Cercopis auffocata Petrolystra gigautea Petroly stra. heros Locrites copei Locrites whitei Palecphora maciilata Palecphora patefacta Palecphora niarvinei Palecphora communis Palecphora pcevalens Palecphora iuornata Lithecphora setigeia Lithecphora diapbaiia Lithecphora uiiicolor Lithecphora muiata .. Prinecphora balteata Aphroiihorida. Palaphrodes cincta Palapbrodes obscura Palaphrodes irregularis Palaphrodes obliqua Page. ■308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 313 313 314 316 317 318 318 319 321 322 323 324 326 327 327 328 .3->9 329 330 330 331 331 332 334 335 335 336 Plate and figure. 19: 4 20: 19 7: 6 H : 33 ; 7 : 5 19: 20 6: 26 6: 29 19: 15 19: 16 2: 13 4: 8 19: 6,17 7: 9 6: 32 2: 14,15 7: 15 19: 2,3 20: 5-7 20: 8 21: 19 21: 17 20: 10,17 7: 7 20: 11-13; 21; 9,12 20: 3,20,21 20: 1; 21:2 20: 15 20: 22 21 : 13 21:4,5,11,14 21: 3,8 20: 14 20 ; llj ; 21 : 15 21: 18 20 : 2, 18 ; 21 : G, " 21: 10 Localities where found. cs X I .... X I---. ...' X ..-i X x|..., ...i X ,...|x X CQ s. M. T.C. Geological horizon. Oligocene.- -.-.do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do .... Oligoceiie .? Oligocbiie.. Oligoceue. ....do .... Oligoceni' ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do.... ....do .... ....do .... .-..do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... ....do .... TABLES— IlEMIPTEKA. 637 Distribution oi- tiik Species with which Thev are Compared — Continnoil. Fossil species. Existing species. Name of species. Where fouud. Horizon. Name of species. Where living. 1 2 :i 4 n f> 7 H !l 11) 11 12 13 14 15 Ifi 17 18 m 90 91 9'> n 94 95 96 97 98 , 99 an 31 39 33 34 35 36 638 TEKTIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc.— Coutinued. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and species. 9 10 11 12 13 14 j 15 16 I 17 j 16 , 19 20 21 22 2:5 24 25 26 27 28 29 Aphro}>horida— Con Palaphrodes transversa . Aphrophora sp - Clastoptera comstocki HETEROPTERA. CORIXIDiE. Prosigava flabellum Corixa vanduzeei Corixa immersa NOTONECTIDJS. Notonecta einersoni GALGULID.E. Necygonus rotiindatus Veliid^. Pala^ovelia spinosa Steno velia nigra Hydrobatid^. Telmatrechus st3,li Telmatrechus parallelus Metrobates seternalis Eeduviid^. Eothes elegans Tagalodes inermis TlXGIDID.E. Piesjma rotunda , Mouanthia veterna Eotiugis antennata , ACANTHIID.E. Lyctocoris terreus Capsid.e. Closterocoris elegans Carmelus gravatus Cariueliis sepositus Fuscus fiecatus PcBcilocapsus fremontii Poeeilocapsus veterandus Poecilocapsus veternosus PiBcilocapsus tabidus Poeeilocapsus ostentus Capsus obsolefactuB Page. 336 337 338 344 344 345 346 348 349 350 351 353 353 355 357 358 359 360 3G1 363 364 364 365 365 366 367 367 368 368 Plate and figure. a c3 d 19: 10 19: 22 22: 12 22: 17 22: 16 22: 11 7: 8 22: 13 22: 8,14 2: 11,12 4: 1 22: !.-> 26: 5 26: 15 23: 6 23: 5,9 23- 1,3 7: 20 24: 7 24: 10 24: 6 22: 5 24: 3 24: 9 24: 8 24: 2 23: 13 Localities where found. «i O O aa .a T. C. Geological horizon. Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene. Oligocene. Oligocene. ....do .... Oligocene ? . ....do OligocoLje. ....do .... Oligocene. ....do .... ....do .... Oligocene Oligocene ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ...do ....do ....do ....do TABLES— HEMirTERxV. 639 Distribution of the Species with which They are Compared — Continued. Fossil species. Existing species. O --; U O Name of species. Where found. Horizon. = 3 t- 0 Name of species. Where living. "2 1 a 0 C. interrupts Say.. United States.. A 0 C. helleusii Siihlb Europe 5 fi 7 fi 0 10 t XI 1" 1? 14 . — 15 1 1(J 17 i. 18 • 19 •»0 0 Pbyt. involutus Germ . Baltic amber. Lijjurian . . 0 C. parvus Dist Cen. America .. 21 0 ....do ... do . do c .. do dr. 00 o^ 0 P. ornatulus (Stiil.) Mexico O,) 0^ t P. fremontii Scudd Florissant ... Oligocene . 26 97 98 ! 29 640 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc.— Continued. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 5?1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and species. Capsid^e — Continned Capsus lacns Aporema prsestrictum Hadronema cinerescens Physapodes. Melanothrips extincta Litbadotbrips vetusta Paleeothrips fossilis Lyg.eid^. Lyga'ina. LygsBus stabilitus Ly giBUS obsolescens Lyganis f;pciileutus Nysius vinctus Nysius vecula Nysius tritus Nysius terra' Nysius stratus Geocorina. Geocoris infernorum Oxijcarenina. Procropbius communis Procropbius costalis Prooropb i us langueus Myodocliina. Ligyrocoris exsuctus Stenopainera tenebrosa Stenopamera subterrea Catopamera augheyi Catopaniera bradley i Pbnulopamera wilsoni Phrudopamera chittendeui Cholula triguttata Litbocoris evulsus Copbocoris tenebricosus Eucorites serescens Procoris sancta-jobanuis Procoris becbleri Ctereacoris primigenus Trapezonotus exterminatus Page. 369 370 370 371 372 373 37(> 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 381 382 382 333 385 386 386 387 387 388 389 389 391 391 392 393 393 394 395 Plate and figure. 22: 2 20: 4 24: 12 5: 90,91 5 : 88, 89. 102, 103 5: 104, 106, 116 22: 10;24:16 24: 15 22: 7 23 : 20 23 : 31 23 : U, 27 ; 25:2,8 23 : 17, 26 ( 23 i 12, 18. ) I 28,29; 24: 1 t 23: 8 23 : 23 24 : 5 23: 16,24 23: 7 27 : 7 26 : 12 27 : 9, 16 26 : 7,9 7 : 21 27 : 4 22:9; 23: 11,22,25 Localities where found. ca o as o n Geological horizon. Oligocene . ...do ...do Oligocene ?. Oligocene ?. Oligocene ?. Oligocene . ...do ...do ....do ...do ...do ...do ...do Oligocene Oligocene ...do ...do Oligocene ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ..do ...do ...do .... ....d.. .... ....do ... ....do .... TABLES— HEM I rTERA. 641 Distribution of the Species with which Thky ark Compared — Coiitiuued. Fossil species. Existing species. ft- Name of species. Where foiiud. Horizon. H Name of species. Where living. 1 9. H. iiiilit.-iris Ubl . .. Western U.S .. :? 4 5 1 fi 7 8 9 , in 11 12 13 14 l.'S 16 17 iri 19 ao yi '.<2 23 9,4 25 26 27 1 9K 1 29 1 30 I SI 1 32 L. 1 C''..''"^^ 33 vol XIII 41 642 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Spkcies Described in the Pkesent Wduk, etc.— Coiiliiuiei). Systematic list of species. Localities where found. Geological horizon. Groups, genera, and species. Page. Plate and figure. 11 o > C5 0} £ o ll "3 o .2 ■» "■a ■5 o 1 Trapezouotus sty*yialis 396 397 397 398 398 399 399 400 401 402 402 403 403 404 404 405 406 407 407 407 408 409 410 410 412 413 414 415 415 416 417 417 417 419 420 27 : 11 23 : 10 23: 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oligocene - .. ....do •), Liuniea holmesii Linnsea putaami Linucea abolita 3 do 4 do 5 23: 2 23 : 21 23 : 19 23: 15,30 5: 70,71 do 6 Liuniea evoluta ilo 7 - do a do q X Oligocene? .. Oligocene . .. do 10 Tiromerus torpefactus Tiroiuerus tabifluus 11 13 Lithochronius gardueri 26: 10; 27: 8 do 13 LilhocliromHS obstrictus Lithochronius mortnarius .... ....do . .' do 14 26: 2 26: 6 15 Lithochromus extraneus Coptochronius nianinm do 16 do 17 Prolygiiens inundatiis 27: 13 27: 10 27: 14 ....do 18 do . . 19 Necrochromus labatiis do 90 do 9\ Exitelus exsanguis 27: 2 ... do •^ Cryptochromus letatus . do . S3 Pi/rrliocorina. Dysdercus cinctns Dysdercus unicolor 24: 11,13,14 Oligocene . .. ...do 34 35 COREIDJE. Coreiiia. Anasa priscoputida 24: 4 22: 1 22: 3 26: 17; 27: 17 27: 6 Oligocene . .. .do 3fi Achrestocoris cinerarius 97 Phthinocoris colligatus Phthiuocoris lethargicus . do . 38 -.do . ... 9» Phthinocoris hmguidus ... do 30 Phthinocoris petrsBus Piezocoris peritus do 31 25: 15 do ■M Piezocoris compactilis Piezocoris peremptus do 33 26: 14 25: 12 25: 3 do 34 Alydinw. Cacalydus lapsus Oligocene .. ....do 35 Cacalydus exstirpatus TABLES— HEMIPTERA. 643 DlSTRIllUriON OF THE SPBCIKS WITH WHICH ThEV ARE COMPARED —Coutillllotl. Fossil species. Existing species. / ti o Niime of species. Where found. Horizou. a- Name of species. Where living. V\ 1 o o Pacli. fasciatus Heer. .- Aix 9. Pacli. puk'liellii.s Merv - do do S * 4 •S fi 7 1 8 .... 0 10 .... 11 .... ■ 1' n 14 ... 15 Ifi 17 •■ 1H 1t» 9n 'r"! 9-? o^ ''I ''=) "fi 07 '>H W sn •11 3-? T1 •{•1 1 35 L t S It /) 644 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTIT AMERICA. SvsTE.MATic List of the Species Dksckiised in the Pkesext Work, etc. — Coutiuued. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, ami species. Pajre. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Alydinw — Cont'd. Cydaums roljustus 420 Parodarmistiis aliscissus 422 Parodarmistus oadiiciis 422 Parodarmistiis cdllisiis 422 Parodarmistus defectiis 423 Parodarmistus exanimatus 42 i Parodarmistus inliibitus 424 Proteiior inibecillis 424 Tenor speliiuca; 425 Etirocoris infernalis 426 Rhepocoris prietectus 427 Rhepocoris macrescens 427 Rhepocoris prtevalens 427 Rliepocoris propinquaus 428 Rhepocoris minima 429 Orthriocorisa lougipes 430 PseudopMa'ina. Heeria gnlosa 431 Heeria lapidosa 432 Heeria fceda Corizida. Corizus eelat us Corizus abditivus Corizus somnuruus Corizus guttatns PENTATOMID.E. Cydnida. Steuopelta puuctnlata Procyduus prouiis Procydnus devictus Procyduus divexus Procydnus quietus Procyduus reliquus Procydnus vesperus Procydnus ealoni Procydnus uiamillanus Necrocydnns vulcanius Necrocyduus gosiuteusis ... Necrocydnus terpens 432 433 433 434 434 4;!8 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 444 445 445 Plate and figure. 26: 3 25: 13 26: 8 25: 4,6. r. 9-U. U. Ill; 26: n 25: 1 ; 26: 13 26: 16 26: 1 27:6, 12, 1^; 28: 17 27: 3, 19 27: 15 25: 5; 26: 4 11 7: 12, 13 w8: 5 28: 4 28: 15 7: 19 7: 22 Localities wliere found. a « : Geological horizon. Oligocenc ...do .... '-.do .... .. do .... ...do ... .. do .... ...do .... ...do .... ...do .... ...do .... ...do ... ...do .... ...do .... ...do .... ...do .... ...do .... Oligocene . ...do ...do Oligocene . ....do . ... do ....do Oligocene ....do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do TABLES— HEMIPTERA. 645 DiSTKiBUTiON OP THE Speciks WITH WHICH Thky aue Comparei)— Coutinued. Fossil species. Existing species. w o. Name of species. Where found. Horizon. H m to S a Name of species. Where living. 1 o •^ \ 5 f^ 7 H q 10 11 1^ 1 1? 11 l^i 16 17 18 It on '1 • 90 o^ 0(1 ^^i '>fi 07 08 00 SO 11 ■?o 1? 114 :i5 646 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of tiie Species Described ix the Puesent Work, etc.— Continued. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 H 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Systematic list of species. Groups, gener.a, and species. Cydnida — Cont'd. Necrocydnus stygius Necrocydnus ainyzouus Necrocydnus senior Necrocydnus soli Jatus Necrocydnus reveetus Tblibomenus xjetrens Thlibomeuus parvus Thlibomenus perennatns Page. Tblibomenus macer Cyrtomenns concinnus Discostoma sp Penlatoniida. Teleoschistus antiqnus Teleoschistus rigoratus Teleoschistus placatus Tbnetoschistus revulsns Poteschistus obnubilus Cacoschistus maceriatus MatiEoschistus limigenus Polioscbistus ligatns Polioschistus lupidarins Pentatomites foliarum Tirosohistus ludurescens Tblimnioscbistus gravidatus . Mecocephala sp COLEOPTERA. RHYNCHOPHORA. Anthribid.e. Choragiis fictilis Brachytarsus pristinus Cratoparis repertus Cratoparis elusus Hormiscus partitus SCOLYTID.'E. Hylastes squalideiis Dryoctetesimpressus Dryocaetes carbonari us 451 451 452 454 456 457 458 458 459 460 461 461 462 463 463 464 465 466 466 467 467 468 470 470 Plate and figure. 28: 16 28: 13 19: 23 23: 12 7: 14 22: 6 2: 17-19 28: 14 28: 3 28: 6 28: 18 28: 2 28: 7 28: 10 28: 1 22: 4 28: 11,19 28: 8 8: 9 7: 26 8: 4 8: 40 8: 17 1: 23-25 8: 28 8: 6 Localities where found. a =s 6 go O ..( X O QO" "si?? m Geological horizon. Oligocene - ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Oligoceue. ....do ....do ....do ....do .... ...do 1o . .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. do. Oligoceue . ...do ...do ...do ...do S.O. Pleistocene . Oligocene . . ....do TABLES— COLEOPTERA. 647 DlSTRIBlTUIN OF THE .SPECIES WITH WHICH TlIEY AKK COMPARED — Continued. Fossil species. Existing species. eg £.2 Name of apecies. 1 Where foinid. Horizon. =1 ii "^2 N.anie of species. Where living. 1 o .. •^ 1 /| '^ fi 7 8 4 If) o 0. mirabilis Perty . Brazil 11 19 n _ M 1'i 1 1 Ifi 17 h 18 1<» '>n "1 w 9S •M 95 "fi 'n ; C. IniKitiis (Fal)r.). Eastern U. S . . ''8 1 Q<) •{n SI o D.affaber(Mann.) . Boreal America. ?•> ;{:{ (348 TERTIARY INSECTS OP NORTH AMERICA. SYsri-.MATic List ok tiik Species Dbsckibed in the Puesent Work, etc.— Coiituiui'il. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, aurt species. CUHCULIONIDiE. Cryptorhyncbus anuosiis Gymnetroii lecontei Antbonoiuiis soporus Hylobius provectus Listronotus mnratus Entimus primordialis OTIORHYNCHIDiE. Eudia^ogus terrosus Tauymecus seculorum Otiorhyncbus perditns Otiorbyncbus tumb.Te Opbry astes compactus EpicEerus sasatilis Epicairns exanimis Epicieriis etfossius Rhynchitid.e. Eugaauiptiis graudiuvus EngDainptus decemsatus HETER0.\1ERA. RlIIPlrHOKID.E. Rbipipbonis geilviei Tenebkioxid.e. Tenebrio primigeniiis , Bnicbus anilis PHYTOPHAGA. Chuvso.melid.e. Galerucella picej, Cryptoceiibaliis vetiistns Douaeia stiria Donacia pompatica LAMELLICORNIA. Scarab.eid.e. Tros oiistaleti Apbodiiis precursor .iEgialia rupta FbaujBus antiquus , Chceridium ebeuinuiu Page. Plate and figure. 471 471 472 473 474 474 475 475 4((i 477 477 478 479 480 481 482 482 483 4H4 485 485 48G 486 8: 3 8: 26 8: la 8: 37,41 8: 23 109, 109a 8: 29 8: 22 8: 25 8: 13 8: 39 : 33,34,36 : 31; 8: 30.1 .11. 38. « i 8: 7,35 8: 20 8: 12 27: 1 2: 32 5: 125 2: 31 7: 29,37 1: 28 1: 33,34 Localities where found. 487 2: 22 488 1: 11 489 8: 19 489 1: 12-14 490 1: 18-22 9fe o « Id d M. M. M. S.O. s.o. p. K. P.K. P.K. Geological borizon. Oligocene.. ...do ....do ...do ...do Oligocene! . Oligoceue . , ...do ....do ....do , ....do ...do , ....do , ....do Oligocene ....do Oligocene Oligocene? .. Oligocene . . Pleistocene . ....do Pleistocene . Oligocene . . Pleistocene . ...do TABLES— OULEOl'TERA. 649 DlSTKlHUTKlN OF TlIU Si'ICCIKS Wnll WlIK II I'llEV AUK COMPAUED — CoiltilHU'd. Fossil species. Existing species. t 5 Name of species. Where ibund. Horizon. Name of sjiecies. Wbere living. • 1 ! G. teter Scluiiih ... Atlantic States 9. ■A o H. picivorus Germ. Eastern U. S 4 .'i f) 7 _ 8 o O.siiloatus (Falir.). Eastern N. A 9 in o o 0. ciuiTini.s Scbouli . E. griseiis Sciirmb .. Mexico 11 ...do 13 13 14 IT) Ifi 17 o T. nidlitor (Linu.1.. Europe, N. Amer. .. 1H 1 Ifl o G. maritima LeC. .. Atlantic States Eastern U. S I.,ake Sup., N.Engl. Illinois 9.0 ! C. vruuKtus Fabr. .. ° j D. porosicollisLac ! D. iinbicollis Suftr.. 9.\ 9-> >^3 94 o A.ruricola Melsb. .. Auticosti to La 25 ?>fi o P. pluto Harold Arizona, Mexico ... 27 1 2tf 650 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described ix the Present Work, etc. — Continued. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and species. SERRICORNIA. Ptinid.e. Anobium ovale Anobiuni deceptum Auobium lignitum Sitodrepa def uncta BUPRESTID.E. Buprestis tertiaria Buprestis saxigena Buprestis sepulta Elaterid^. Oxygonus mortuus Corymbiles velatns Cryptohypnus terrestris Epiphanis delctus Elaterida^ sp CLAVICORNIA. Byruhid^. Nosodendron tritavuui NiTIDULID.E. Phenolia iucapas Prometopiadepilis CUYPTOPIIAGID.E, Antheropbagus priscus CUCUJIDiE. Parandrita vpstita Erotylid^. Mycotretus binotatus Staphyunid^. Oxi/lelini. Oxytelus pristinus Bledius adaiuus Bledius glaciatus Oxy porus stiriacus Pwdiriiii. Lathrobiiim abscessuni Lathrobinm interglaciale . Slaphj/linhii. Leistotropbns patriarcbicus.. Quedius cbamberliui Page. 491 492 492 493 493 494 495 496 49(5 497 498 498 499 Plate and figure. 2: 23 2: 24,25 2: 26 5: 110,111 2: 30 5: 113,114 2: 28 ': 36 499 7: 23 500 2: 29 501 7 : 24, 35 501 7: 41 502 7: 30 503 5: 118-120 504 8: 10 505 1: 35 505 1: 36 505 8: 15,21 506 1: 38 507 5: 112 508 16: 8 Localities where found. a C3 6 go CO > 00 C n N. N. N. N. = m s. o. s. o. s.o. Geological horizon. Oligocene . ....do. ... ....do. ... ....do Oligocene? . Oligoceue .. Oligocene? .. Oligocene . Oligocene . ....do Oligocene . Oligocene . Oligocene . Oligocene?.. Oligocene .. Pleistoceue . ....do Oligocene .. Pleistocene . Oligocene? . Oligocene . . TABLES— COLE OPTERA. 651 Distribution op tiik Specius with which 'I'liicv ai:I': Compaukd — Continued. Fossil species. Existing species. u o ^2 Name of species. Where foniid. Hiirizon. Nanii' of species. Where living. ] '> • •( 4 J ! 1 B. senecta Heyd... do Sieblos do Aquitaniaii? do .5 fi do do do 8 o o o C. .spleudens Ziegl.. C. planatns LeC. .. E. coruutus Escbscli Lake Sup., N.Eugl. Atlantic States Boreal America 9 10 11 19 o 1 1 N. uuicoliir Say P. grossa (Fabr.) .. P. sexmacnlataS.. A. ocbraccus Melsli . P. ceplialotes LeC M. sanf;ninineunisL 0. rugosns (Grav). B. annulari.s LeC B. brevidcns LeC . Penn. & southward. North. U.S.; Canada. Central U. S Northern U. S i;{ 14 0 o t o ] o I 1.^ 1(i 17 Eastern U. S Atlan. States ; Eur. North America New York 1H li* '>0 '>] '?■> o o L. elougatiim (L. ) . L. grande LeC Europe ...... ... •?\ Lake Sup. to N. C . •M K 2(; 652 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc. — Coutinaed. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ao 21 22 23 24 25 2fi 27 28 Systematic list of species. Groups, geuera, and Npecies. Staph ylinini— Cont'd Quedius breweri Aleocharini. GyroplisBna saxicola Hoiualota recisa , Staphylinites obsoletum , Hydrophilid^. Sphn'ridiini. Cercyou terrigena Hjjdroiiini. Hydrobius decineratus Hydrobins coufixus Philhydnis priuuevus Philbydiiis spp Laccobius elongatus Berosus sexstriatus Berosiis tennis Hydrophilini. Tropisteruus sculptilis Tropisterniis saxialis Selophorini. Hydrochus amictus Hydrochus lelictus Helophorus rigescens Dytiscid^. Laccopkilini. Laccophilus sp CARABID.E. CliUvniini. Chlieuins pnuedilatua Lehiivi. Cymlndis anrora Platynini. Platynus senex Platynus casus Platynus bindei Platynus balli Platynus dissipatus J Platynus desuetus Platynus barttii Platynus ceesus Page, 508 509 509 510 510 511 511 512 512 513 513 514 514 515 515 516 516 517 517 518 Plate and figure. 16: 4 5: 123,124 8; 14 8: 32 2: 21 8: 27 7 : 25 8: 5 27,28 7: 40 8: 8 1: 47 8: 11 1: 53 5: 116,117 1: 6 519 7: 38 519 1: 42 520 1: 54 520 1: 41 521 1: 37 521 1: 43,51,58 522 1: 31 522 7: 34 Localities where found. a a 6 M O o 05 O C5 N. 5-w S.O. s.o. p. K. P.K. S.O. s.o. s.o. s.o. s.o. s.o. Geological borizou. Oligocene . .. Oligocene? .. Oligocene ... Oligocene . .. Oligocene ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Oligocene. ...do Pleistocene. Oligocene . Pleistocene. Oligocene? Pleistocene. Pleistocene. Oligocene . . Pleistocene. ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do OligoceDe . . TABLES— COLEOrTERA. 653 Distribution- oi.- the Species with which They are Compared — Continuetl. Fossil specirs. Existing species. ■— a. Si Name of species. Where fouud. Horizon. 4H £. £ c Name of .sjiecies. Where liviiiir. 0 Q.molochinusGrav. G. vinula Erichs.. U. S.; Europe. Peuusylvauia 1 .1 ■( 4 'S , 0 H. fuscipes Curt . .. Cosmopolitan (1 ri t» 10 c c 0 0 0 0 P.. iniuctipcuiiisCh. B.cuspidatus Chevr T. mcxicaiiiis C:i8f Mexico.? Mexico Mexico 11 1^ 1'! T. bitiotatiis \V;ill< V.'inporiVHr ThI M 1'i H. tubf rcnl:tttis(i . . L. iiiaculosiis Germ. C. latioollis Say. .. C. americana Dej.. P.variolatusLeC. P. riibripe.s Zimni.. Do. P. crenistriatus Le C Nor.U.S.-Scand'va. Lake Sup. toGa . .. N. Y. toFla., Ariz.. New York California 16 17 18 f I c 0 0 0 ! m - '>n •'1 0 P. halli Scarboro Pleistocene Mid. States to Kans. .....lo ..: Western States 00 O'l ! o I P. hindei P. halli ....do.. Scarboro ....do Pleistoceue do 24 95 ....do ..do .. .. ....do ....do W 97 28 (554 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc.— Continued. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and species. 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 l(i 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 LUUiini. Diplocbila biusU.iwi Diea'lns aliiliiceus Diccelus sp rterosticliini. Ptei'osticljus abrogattis - - Plel■o^tichus doruiit.ms Pterosticlius destitiitus Pterostichus fractns PterosticLus destriictus. . Pterostichus gelidus Pterostichus la;vigatiis Pterostichus sp Pogoiiiiii. Patrohus gelatus BemhhUini, Beiubidium exoic'tum Bi'inbidiiim glaciatmu Bembidiuni fragiM<'utnra yi'hriiiii. Nebria pali-iniielas Lorictrini. Loriceia glacialis Loricera lutosa Elaphrus irregularis Caraihii. Neothanes testeus Cyclirini. Cycbrus wbeatleyi Cvchrus minor DIPTERA. CYCLOKHAPHA. LOXCH,EID.E. Louchaja senescens Palloptera morticina Oktalid-E. Lithortalis picta Page 523 524 525 525 526 .'•.26 .527 527 .527 52H 529 530 .530 531 531 532 533 533 534 535 536 537 Plate and tigure. 1: 5: 2-J : y 1: 8-10 1: 15 1: 39 1: 49, .55 1: 44 1: 29,30 1: 46 52, 59-61 1: 3,4 1: 5 1: 43 121, 122 1: 40 1: 45 2: 20 1: 50,57 1: .32 1: 56 7: 32,39 1: 1 1: 2 Localities where found. ate; 539 3: 18 540 3: 15 541 3: 10,16 PQ P.K. P.K. S.O. S.O. S.O. S.O. S.O. S.O. P.K. P.K. S.O. S. O. S.O. Geological horizon. Oligouene... Plt^istoct'ue. ...do Pleistocene . ...do ...do ...do ....do ....do ....do ....do S.O. S.O. S.O. Pleistocene . Oligocene f . Pbistoceiie ...do Pleistocene . ....do Q. Q. P.K. P.K. Pleistocene . Oligocene... Pleistocene . ....do TABLES— DIPTEEA. 655 DlSTHlBUTIOX Ol' THE SPF.CIES WITH WlllLlI THEV AUK CoMPAIiKIl — Colli illiuil. Fossil species. ' Existing species. Mr: "^2 S'aiiK' of species. Wliere loiiuil. Hcinzon. Nanit' i>f species. Where living. 0 ! o ! ! ! ! D. major Le C D. dilatatus Say.. . D. elongatiis Bon.. P. herciilaueUBMauu P. liutulus Le C Sontliern U. S U.S. east of Gt. Pis .... ....do Pac. coast, Br. .\.iii f !.il 1 '> "^ i\ 1 '\ P.sayi I5rull6 All. ami West. States .. 6 1 P. destitutus . Scarboro j Pleistocene. 7 1 1 P. patruelis Dej i N.Y., Mid. States P. hiulsouicusLeC 1 Hudson Bay '. i 8 ! f* 1 1 __. 10 i 11 1 f 1 o 1 ! V — " B. iuiequale Say B. louguhmi Le C. B. coustrictuu] Say . Nortlieru U. S LilieSuperior; N. Y Xmiv V.tifrlnr.rl If ... 14 " 15 ! 1H i u 17 1 18 1 1 K. viridis Horn It ' ''fl o o 1 ''I C. andrewsii Harr . Central Atlantic States. '» o-^ .............. ...... j ... — 94 i I - 25 656 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described in the Present Work, etc.— Coutiiuied. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, ami species. 9 10 11 12 i:i 14 If) 16 17 1^ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 SCIO.MYZID.E. Sci'jmyza revelata Sciomyza luauca Sciomyza disjecta Sciotuyza sp Helomyzid.e. Heterouiyza senilis Heterouiyza detecta AXTHOMYID^. Authoniyia iiiauiiiiata Aiithomyia l)urges.si , MUSCID.E Musca ascaridi's Musca bibosa Musca sp M nsca hy dropica Musca vincnlata Musca spp Tachixih.e. Tachina sp Platypezid.e. Calloiuyia toiporata CONOPIU.E. Poliomyia recta Syrphidje. Milesia quadrata Eristalis lapideiis Syrpbus sp Chilosia ampla Chilosia sp Chilosia sp Psilota tabidosa Syrphida! sp ORTHOEHAPHA. D0LICHOPODID.E. Dolicbopus sp ^ Cyktid.e. Acrocera hirsuta ASILID-E. Stenoeinclis anomala Page. ,-)42 543 54C 546 547 548 548 549 551 552 553 553 554 554 554 555 556 557 558 559 559 561 561 561 562 562 563 564 Plate aud figure. a ce 6 3: 3-6 li: 9; W: 1.6.15,1 < 16. 18, 20. 23, > f 24, 28, Z9. ) 9: 7. 22, 25. 30, i 32, 33. , ] 10: 5 3: 1,2 5: 76 3: 19 3: 34 : f.: ri, /5, 79.1. 82-97, 98, 101 J 5: 73 5: 106,108 5 : 72, 92, 93, 107 5: 77 b: 80,91,99,100 100 Localities where found. Si? 9: 11 9: 19,21 9: 13 5: 48,49 9: 14,27 9: 26 9: 8 9: 9 10: 9 9: 10 K o Q. Q- Geological horizon. Oligocene .do. -do Oligocene ? Oligocene ? , Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene.., Oligocene.., Oligocene.. Oligocene.. Oligocene T Oligocene.. ...do ...do ...do ....do ....do Oligocene . Oligocene ' Oligocene. TABLES— DIPTERA. 657 Distribution of the Speciks with which They aiie Compared — Coiuimied. Fossil species. Existiog species. in ^ S c Name of species. Where found. Horizon. Name of species. Wliere living. 1 Q •^ i ''i fi 7 8 q in 11 !';> n 14 i-'i ifi 17 " t j 18 i 1"^ •^n "1 >» ^? 'M '") ''fi 97 28 VOL XIII- 658 TEETIAKY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. Systematic List of the Species Described ix the Present Work, etc. — Continued. S.y.stematic list uf species. Gronjis, geuera, and species. Page. T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.-. It) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 AsiLiDiE- Continued. Stenocinclis sp 565 Asilidai sp 565 Stratiomyid.e. Litliophysa tumulta 566 Asareom J ia cadaver 567 TlPULID^. Dicranomyia stigmosa i .%8 Dicianomyia priniitiva 570 Dicranomyia rostrata I 571 Spiladomyia simplex Prouoplilebia rediviva Cy ttarouiy ia fenestra! a Tipula decrepita Tipiila tecta Tipula spoliata Tipula sepulchri Chironomid^. Chirouomus septus Chirouomus depletus Cliirouonuis patens Cbirunomus sp CbirouomidiB sp C'UironomidEe sp ChiroDomidie sp .. CULICID^. Culex damnatoruni Culex pioavitus Corethra exita B1B1ONID.E. Plecia similkanieeua Plecia pealei Plecia dejecta Mycetophilid^. Sciara deperdi ta Sciara scopuli Mycetophila occultata Analella tacita Trichonta dawsoui Ryuiosia strangulata 573 574 575 576 577 577 .578 578 579 580 581 581 581 581 .582 582 583 583 585 586 586 588 588 589 590 590 Plate and figure. C3 O So CO o 10: 15 9: 31 9: 17 15:16. 17. Z.'>-27.1 ( 42, 43. 68, 69 J a; 20. 21,6&-67 :>: 40, 41, 63. U 5: 37,;;8 5: 39 5: 78 5: 56,-57 5: 46,47 10: 4 10: 1 10: 8 5: 62 5 : 18, 19, 28 Localities where found. C5 5: 32,33 5: 24 10: 14 5: 8,9 5: 22,23 3: 20-22 4 : 2. 3. 10-12 10: 17 3: 17 10: 16 1> ■■ 44, 4.'>. 54. 55 10: 13 3: 12,13 10: 2 o 00 a n s. Geological horizon. .do. Oligocene. ....do Oligocene ? Oligocene . . Oligocene t Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene T Oligocene.., ....do T.C. Oligocene.. Oligocene? Oligocene t Oligocene.. Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene ? Oligocene . . Oligocene ? Oligocene? Oligocene? Oligocene.. Oligocene.. Oligocene? Oligocene.. .do. TABLES— DIPTEKA. 059 DlSTRIBlTION OF THE SPECIKS Willi WHICH TllEY AHE CdJIl'AiiKD— Coiltiniieil. Fossil species. Existinfi' species. n c Name of species. Where fctiind. Horizon. ■■s|- 2§ Name of ^iiecies. Wljere living. 1 1 . 1 1 *> 1 • 5 fi ! - 1 8 q in ^ 11 1-^ 1 l-i * M ! I", IH .... 17 1?^ Ul '^0 •■'1 •» I.... •'! 9,1 or. ''(l , '>! Sc. uu^iilata Wiiiii. Kmope ■)-( Vq ■U) L... 31 660 TERTIARY INSECTS OF NORTH AMERICA. SvsTKMATic List op the Sprcies Described in the Present Work, etc.— Continued. Systematic list of species. Groups, genera, and Hpecie.s. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3.1 MTCETdPHILID.fi— Cont. Brachy peza abita Brachypeza procera Gnoristedentoni Boletiua sepulta Boletiua umbratica Boletina paludivaga Siickenia arcuata Sackenia sp Sackenia sp Auacliuiasp Sciophila hyattii Diadocidia tcrricola Mycetopbilidie spp Cecidomyid^. Lasioptera recessa... Litbouiy za eondif a LEPIDOPTERA. TiNEin^. Psecadia nioitiwlla HTMENOPTERA. TEREBRANTIA. TENTHREDINID.t:. Tuxonus uortoui Chalcidid.£. Decatoina autiqua Beaconid.*;. Calyptites aDtediluvianum Bracon laaiinaiura Bracon sp Braconidse sp Bracouidse sp ICHNEUMOSID^. lobneunion petrinus Lithotoru.'< ciessoni Rhyssa jnveuis Piiupla saxea Pimpla senecta Pimpla decessa Glypta transversalis Eclytns lutatus Page. 591 591 592 593 593 594 595 596 596 597 597 598 599 600 601 G03 604 606 606 607 607 607 608 609 609 610 611 612 613 614 3: 7,8 3: 14 5: 6,7 3: 9 10: 3 10: 7 5:3,4,12,13 5: 50 Plate aud figure. 9: 12 10: 6 10: 10,11 10: 12 5: 29-31 5: 34-36 15: 12,17 604 1 10: 26,27 10 : 20, 31 3: 3e 10: 29 3: 33 10: 18 10: 28 5: 14,15 10: 21 10: 19 3: 23 3: 29-31 3: 27 10: 25 10: 24 Localities where found. S o CO 9 Q- Q- Q- Q- .a Geological horizon. Oligocene t Ollgoceue.. ....do Oligocenet Oligocene? Oligocene.. ...do ...do ...do -•..do Oligocene! Oligocene ? Oligocene Oligocene Oligocene Oligocene Oligocene . .. .do Oligocene 1 Oligocene. ....do Oligocene ....do TABLES— HYMENOPTERA. G61 DiSTlllBUTlON OF THE Sl'EClES WITH WHICH THEY AKE COMPARED— Coutiaued. Fossil species. Existing species. Name of species. Where found. Horizon. = 1 ii Name of species. Where living. 1 •> 3 5 (j 7 8 9 10 11 IV 1? H Ki 16 17 18 19 ... ''1 OO 9^ 0(1 '''I W 'r? 98 o P. instigator Fabr . Germany 9 British Co- lumbia. "3 O oi .a O 1 ACULEATA. Myrmicidje. Apliienogaster lougitva 615 615 616 617 618 618 619 620 3: 28 10: 22 3: 25,26 5: 10 3: 24 10: 23 5: 1,2 10: 30 Q. ■> X Oligocene 3 Formicid.«. Hypocliuea obliterata Liometopum pingue X Q. 4 Oligoceue 5 Q. 6 .... X X Oligocene Oligocenet .. Oligoceue Campouotns vetus SPHEGIDiE. X)idiueis solidescens ...:-.. ....... .... X 8 TABLES— HYMENOPTBRA, 663 DiSTKlBUTlON OK THE SPECIKS WITH WHICH ThkY AltK CoMPAliKD — Coutiuued. Fossil species. Existing species. n Name of species. Where foiiud. Horizon. Name of species. Where living. 1 A. beiendti Mayr Baltic amber. 1 o *? n 5 6 7 1 D. lunicornis Fabr. Europe 8 PLATES. PLATE I. EXPLANATION OF PIRATE I. All the iliawiiigs were uiade by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (^) Cychnis wheatleyi Horn. 2. (f) Cychrns iniuor Horn. 3. (}) Pterostichus Li-vigatns Horn. 4. (f ) Pterostichus hnvigatns Horn. 5. (^) Pterostichus? .sp. *>• (f) Cymindis auroia Horn. 7. (f) ChliBiiius punctulatus Horn. 8. (f) DiCivlus alutaceus Horn. 9. (}) Dicielus alutacens Horn. 10. (t) Dica'lus alutacens Horn. !!• (f) Ajihodius precursor Horn; a, upper surface; b, cast of a; c, under surface. 12. (f ) PhauiBUS antiquns Horn. 13. (^) PhaniEUs autiquus Horn. 14. (f) Plianseas antlquus Horn. 15. (f ) niciclus sp. Ifi. (f) With Aphodius precursor See uuder that species, p. 488. 17. (-,'') With Aphodius precursor See under that species, p. 488. 18. (f) Choiridiuui eljeuinuui Horn. 19. (f) Chieridiura ebeninum Horn. 20. (f) Chffiridium ebeninum Horn. 21. (f) Choeridium ebeninum Horn. 22. (f ) OhtEridium ebeuinuin Horn. 23. (I) Hylastes ? sqnalideus. The letters represent the work of distinct indi- viduals. 24. (t)-'23d. Hylastes? squaliUens. 25. (f) = 23a. Hylasles? 8y J. Heury Blake, exceptiug Fig. 5, which is by S. H. Scudder. Fig. 1. (JOftD) (f ) Arauea coluiiibiib. 2. (40oD) (f ) Arauea coluiiibije. 3. ('2«D) (?) Head of a libelliiline odonate. 4. (34aD) (f ) Sbenapbis qiiesneli. 5. (34aD) (f) Sbeiiaphis qiiesneli. Part of the nenration, the veins of the two over- lapping wings distinguished by being drawn, one with solid, the other with broken lines. 6. (19D) CJ) Gerancon petroruin. 7. (14668) {•}) Bothroiuicronius lacblaui. 8. (36D) (f) Bothroinicroiiiiis bichlani. 9. (36D) (^i"*) Bothroiiiicroiniis lauhlani. Eye anil head appendages. 10. (36D) (3,") Bothromicromnslachlani. Max- illary palpus. 11. (15066) (?) Telmatrechus stiili. 12. (73D) (?) Telinatrechiis sliili. 13. (75D) (5) Ctelidia Columbiana. 670 Fig. 14. (6oD) (?) C'ercopis selwyni. lo. (15072) (5) Cercopis selwyni. 10. (77D) (;) Planophlebia gigautea. 17. (14()()!t) (V) Teleoschistusantiquus. 18. (14660) (f) Teleoschislus antiquus. Ul. (:WD) (I) Teleoschistus antiquus. 20. (5rtD) (i) Nebria paleomelas. 21. (57D) Cf ) Cercyou ? terrigena. 22. (61D) i'i) Trox onstaleti. 23. (51D) (f ) Buprestis tertiaria. 24. (49D) ('[') Buprestis saxigena. 25. (15073) (y) Buprestis saxigena. 26. (53D) (y) Buprestis sepulta. 27. (59D) (^) Cryptohypnus? terrestris. 28. (60D) (f ) Elateridie? sp. See p. 498. 29. (24D) (?) Pronietopiadepilis. .30. (15075) (^|») CryptohyiMius? terrestris. 31. (62D) (f) Galerucella picea. 3.!. (63D) (?) Tenebrio primigenius. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North Mekica Pl 2. r*^-- s+?« *J- .1 ^ 22 'n^-- -M: iiil vf'W '"■;:?:' 32. 3eo S HamsftScna !.;•- TeFITIAI=IIES of QuESNEL,. NiC OLA AND SlMIl_.KAMEE>J lll'Mn^TKHA . COLKOl'TKRA Kl< PLATE III EXPLANATION OF PLATE in. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, excepting Fig. 6, which is by S. H. Scudder. Fig. 1. (ID) {\^) Heterouiyza senilis. 2. (ID) (f) Heteromyza senilis. '3. (42D) (-,") Sciomyza revelata. 4. (14671)-(f) Sciomyza revelata. 5. (2D) (f) Sciomyza revelata. 6. (f) Sciomyza revelata. Restored. 7. (:{D) (I) BraeUypeza abita. 8. (14G55) (f) Brachypeza abita. 9. (9D) (?) Boletiua sepulta. 10. (5D) (I) Lithortalis picta. 11. (I4().'il) (i) Dolichopus sp. 12. (6D) (f ) Triehouta dawsoni. 13. (14649) (t) Trichonta dawsoiii. 14. (4D)(|) Brachypeza procera : la and tarsi of hind leg. 23. (31D) (f ) Pimpla saxea. 24. (lOD) (-) Formica arcana. 25. (8D) (?) Hypoeliiiia obliterata. 2G. (14653) (?) Hyi)oclinia obliterata. 27. (9D) (t) Pimpla decessa. 28. (33D) (t) Aphienogaster longiev'a. 29. (lOftD) (3,0) Pimpla seiiecta. 30. (14650) (t) Pimpla seuecta. 31. (lOD) (^) Pimpla senecta. 32. (7D) (f) Calyptites antediluvianum. (Copied by Zittel, 1. C, Fig. 1100. ) 33. (78D) (?) Bracon sp. 34. (29D) (Y) Anthomyia burgessi. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North America Pi, / 'tr t** -^r... ■ \ -^€-> < .:'^ %, 3 ZCl ^ R»"' 10, TSinoiajr S Son Utli Tertiaries of Quesnel,, Nic ol.a and Similkameen, I )1H1' I :n,\ 1 1^■.^^••. NO] >'||,; M,\ PLATE IV; Vol xoi 43 EXPLANATIOX OF PLATE IV. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (14601) (?) Telmatrecbiis parallelns. 2. (14600) (I) Plecia pealei. 3. (14594) (?) Plecia pealei. 4. (x) Indusia calcnlosa. (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. paheoiit., Fifj. 985.) 5. (""i*) Corydalites fecuiidiim. Sniiimit of egg from above. 6. (^f) Corydalites fecmidnni. Sinuiiiit of .egg from Side. 7. Ci") Corydalites fecundum. Base of egg inclosed in its cell. 8. (6i) (f ) Ccelidia wyomiugensis. 9. (St. 16) (1,") Sciomyza iiianca*. 10. (14613) (?) Plecia pealei. 11. (14596) (?) Plecia pealei. 12. (4a) (?) Plecia pealei. 13. (f) Corydalitesfcenndiini. Tberiglit baud portion of Fig. 14 enlarged. 14. {i) Corydalites fecundum. Side view of one-half of egg-mass, broken longitudi- nally in the middle. 674 Fig. 15. Corydalites fecundum. Schematic figure, cross-section. 16. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Siuo view of egg-mass. (Copied by Zittel, 1. c, Fig. 981n. 17. {\-) Corydalis cornutns (recent). Side view of egg. 18. (-'"p) Corydalites fecundum. Crateriform micropylic prominence of summit of egg. 19. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Sawu cross- section of egg-mass. 20. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Rock frag- ment, showing two egg masses embedded in it, with fresh-water gastropods beside them. 21. (\') Corydalites fecundum. Side view of egg. (Copied by Zittel, 1. c, Fig. 9816.) 22. (■'-f) Corydalus cornutns (recent). Side view of summit of egg. 23. (I) Corydalites fecundum. Broken cross- section of egg-mass. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North America. Pl, 4. k r !» •• i - V-,' jtx ■ ■ V V f .//^\ ^ •^i,, % r \ ' v iH i^-l "\ •'if •i:;-\j»-<»_ r^' >j 20. .^^ -- -- 28 ^ f ^ Miscellaneous PLATE Y. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Figs. 1, -i, r>, 10, II, 14, i:., 25-27, 29-31, 37-39, 42-51, 54, 55, 58-()l, 66-72, 74-76, 79-87, 90-92, 95, 98-105, 110-124 were drawn by J. Henry Blake; Figs. 3, 4, 6-9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 22-24, 32-35, 40. 41, 52, 53, 65, S^, 89, 96, 97, 109, 109rt by A. Assmauu; Figs. 20, 21, 73, 77, 106-108, 125 by J. H. Emertou; Figs. 18, 19, 56, 57, 62-64 by P. Roetter, and Fig.s. 28, 36, 78, 93, 94 by S. H. Scudder. The original draw- ings (if Figs. 6, 13, 23, 57, 64 were also altered by S. H. Scudder, and Figs. 104 and 115 were after his camera Incida sketches. Fig. 1. (15054) (^'■) Camponotus vetus. 2. 1 15054) (\) CampiiDotus vetus. 3. (15057) (5t Sackeuia arcaata. 4. (15057> {{) Sackeuia arcuata. 5. l'2Xb) il) Acrocera hiisuta.. 6. (l«) (3) Gnoriste (leutoni. 7. (la) {{-) Gnoriste lifutoni. 8. ;ltia) (}) Culex i»roavitii3. 9. (I6a) i{) Culex proavitu-s, 10. {15058) (i) Liometupuiu pingue. 11. (616) Head of a hyinenopterous insect. 12. (2) (i) Sackenia arcuata. 13. (2) (^) Sackeuia arcurtta. (Copied by Zittel, Handb. u. paUeout., Fiji. 1088.) 14. (78ff) (J) Ichiieuraou petriuus. 15. (78«) i\) Icbneunion petriuus. 16. (46) (^) Dicranouiyia stigniosa. 17. (ib) (]) Bicranomyia stifimosa. 18. (54) (}) Cbironoraiis pateoa. 19. (54) (^) Cbiroiionms patens. 20. (57a) (j) iJicranomyia priiuitiva. 21. (57a) (1) Biorauomyia prhuitiva. 22. (7rt) (1) Cnn-thrae'xitft. 23. (7ff) (t) Coretbra exita. 24. (71c) ({) Cbirourtraid.ne sp. 25. (6i6) (h) Dicranomyia stigmosa. 2(i. (6J6) (}) DicrarHmiyia stigmosa, 27. (16) (f) Dicranomyia sti'^mosa. 28. (54) ('f ) Cbirnnomua patens. 2!t. (706) (',) Lasioptera recessa. 30. (706) (^) Lasioptera recessa. 31. (706) {-^-) Lasioptera recessa. ■ 32. (71d) (f ChironomidjL' sp. 33. il\d) {[) Cbironomid;i; sp. 34. (15059) (S) Lithomyzacondita. (Copied by Zittel. 1. c. Fig. 1U89. ) 35. (15(>.)9) (J) Litbomyza condita. 36. (150.i9) (f) Litbomyza condta. 37. (77a) (f) iSpiladomyia simplex. 38. (77a) ([) Spiladomyia simplex. 39. (15061) (}) Prouopiilebia rediviva, 40. (81 (2) Dicranomyia rostrata. 41. (8) (}) Dicranomyia rostrata. 42. (53) (J) Dicranomyia stigmosa. 43. (53) (^) Dicranomyia stigmosa. 44. (58c) (J) Mycetopiiila occnltata. 45. (.58c) (j) M'vcetopbila occnltata. 46. (606) (f) Tipulatecta. 47. (606) (1) Tipulatecta, 48. (46i) (t) Eriatalis lapideus. 49. (466) ([) Eristalis lapideua. 50. (33c) (Y) Sackeuia? sp. 51. (33c) (V) Paropsocus disjunct ns. 52. (15064) (}) Hydropaycho opf-rta. 53. (15064) (%) Hydropsyche opfita, 54. (15060) (I) Mycetopbila occultatiu 55. (15060) (i) Mvc.'to|)bilaoccultata. 56. (70a) l\) Tipnla decrepita. 57. (70rt.) (t) Tipula decrepita, 58. (43) (?) Tettigonia obtecta, 59. (43) (1) Tettigonia obtecta. 60. (57c') (J) (A small species o Muscidae.) 61. (57c') (}) (A small species of Muscid£B.> 62. (45rt) (S) Chironomus depletus. 63. (30) (J) Dicranomyia rostrata. 676 Fig. 64. 65. 66, 67. 68. 69. 70, 71. 72, 73. 74. 75. 76. 77, 78, 79. 80. 81. 82. 83 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. lOiJ. 101. 102. 103, 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 109a. 110. in. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123! 124, 125. 30) (X) Dicranomyia rostrata. 6rt) (^) Dicranomyia primitiva. 66) (§) Dicranomyia primitiva. 66) (}) Dicranomyia i)rimitiva. 416) (^) Dicranomyia stigmosa. 416) {{) Dicranomyia stigmosa. 33) (f) Pachymenis petrensis. 33) i\) Pacbynierus petrensis. 50) ([) Musca bydropica. 716) (H Musca bibosa. 59) (J) Musca ascarides? 636) (j) Musca ascarides? 15063) (-Y) Heteroniyza detecta, 18) (}) Musca vineulata. 15062) (J) Cyttaromyiafenestrata. 176) (J) Musca ascarides. 7H6) (i) Musca sp. 786) ({) Musca sp. 52c) (}) Musca ascarides. 52c) (i) Musca ascarides. 52c) (3) Musca ascarides. 15053)' (i) Musca ascarides. 17c) (}) Musca ascarides. 636) (j) Musca ascarides. 20) (j) Litbadotbrips vetuata. 29) (^1 Litbadotbrips velusta. 456) '{}) Melnnotbrips estincta. 456) (|) Melanotlirips extincta. 15055) (}) Musca bydropica. 15055) (?) Musca bydropica. 446) (Y) Bytlioscopus lapidescens. 40 (f) Delpbax senilis. 22) (f) Apbana atava. 22) (}) Apbana atava. 536) (!) Musca ascarides. 53c) (S) Musca sp. 53c) ([) Musca sp. 196) (|) Musi-a ascarides. 42) i'i) Litbadotbrips retusta, 42) ({) Litliadotbrips retusta. ^) I'ala'Otbrips fosailis. V-) Palaeotbrips fossilis. 44a) (}) Musca? sp. 20) (|) Musca bydropica. 73a) (A) Musca? sp. 10) (S)' Entinius primordialis. (Copied by Zittel, I.e.' Fi^r. 1011.) 10) {]) Entimus primordialis. I50ij2) {{) Osygonus mortuns, 1.5062) (V) Oxygoniis mortuns. 48) (}) Leistotropbus patriarchicus. 30) (k) Epipbanis deletus. 36) i\) Epipbanis delfttus. Y) Pal;i?othrips fossilis. (Copied by Zittel. 1. c, Fig. 999.) 67) (5) Laccophilus 8p. 67) (J) Laccopbilus sp. 63a) (5) Osytelus pristinus. 63a) (}) Osytflus pristinus. 63rt) (V) Osytrlus pristinus. 34) {}) Bembidiuui exoletum. 34) (}) Bembidium exoletam. 776) (i) (iyrophpena saxicola. 776) CJ) (j-yrophasna aaxicola, 46a) (f) Brucbas anilis. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEBRITORIES^ Tertiary Insects of North America- Pl White River Beds, "Western Colorado. PLATE VI. EXP1.AXATIOX OF PLATE VI. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (147P) (t) Dysagrion packardii : body only. 2. (4183) (i) Dysagrion fredericii ; head and base of wing. 3. (146P)(t) Dysagrion packardii ; fore wing- (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. paheont.' Fig. 979.) 4. (4175) (f) LibcUula sp. : reverse of Fig. 16; part of abdomen. 5. (4178) (t) Dysagrion fredericii ; part f>f i abdomen. 6. (4170) (t) Dysagrion fredericii ; terminal joints of abdomen. 7. (4169) (I) Podagrion abortivum; tip of fore wing next pterostigma. 8. (4169) (t) Podagrion abortivum ; fore wing. 9. (4167-4168) (}) Dysagrion fredericii ; fore wing. 10. (4179) (f) Dysagrion fredericii; head. 11. (147P) (f) Dysagrioii packardii; abdomi- nal appendages. 12. (258P) (^) Ixodes tertiarius. 13. (4188) (f) Pronemobins tertiarins; wing. 14. (4165-4166) (t) Dysagrion fredericii ! wing. 15. (154R) (f) lulns teUnster. 678 fore fore Fig. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. (4176) (t) Libellulasp. ; reverse of Fig. 4; part of abdomen. (4173) (f ) Dysagrion fredericii ; abdomen ; accidentally placed on the'plate upside down. (112P) (t) Pronemobins iuduratus: part of wing. (38R) (^) Cixius hesperidum. (144L) (f) Ficarasites stigmaticum. (I) Pronemobins tertiarius. (f ) Pronemobins smitbii. ( 18R) (f ) Prouemobi us tertiarius ; hind leg. (4076) (t) Lystra richardsoni. (137P) (■') Paralatindia saussurei. (114P) (f ) Cicadula saxosa. (175R) (j) Aphaua rotundipennis. (90L) (^) Lithopsis elongata ; fore wing. (lOOR) (J) Acocephalus ada-. (4217) (f ) Lystra richardsoni. (4207-4208) (J) Lystra richardsoni. (115P) (r) Cercopites calliscens. (116P) (?) Thamuotettix gannetti. (117P)(i) Hammapteryx reticulata; parts of two fore wings. (49R) (?) Fulgora granulosa. (118P) (f) Lithopsis fimbriata; fore wing. (4185) (}) Lithopsis fimbriata. ((Jopiedby Zittel, I.e., Pig. 989.) U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Tertiary Insects or North America '^kj, ■^CN-j ''fW X 22 ^•' ■^ ■*^-.j !^ 'bMa ,-^/v 'T^''*"^ % '//i','//. '. Sinclair A ?on,i:!h Pbil.i Green River Beds, Wyoming Terr. -N'iiL-ROPTEIlA.. OrTHOPTEHA . JlliMIPXEKA PLATE VII. EXPLANATION OP PLATE VII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, except Fig. 24, which is by Paul Roetter. Fig. 1. (119R) (f) Lystrarioharasoui. 2. C119P) (i) Lystra leei. 3. (4212) (f) Lystra richardsoni. 4. (34L) (f ) Tettigonia priscomargiuata. 5. (120P) (f ) Thamnotetti.x gannetti. 6. (73L) (f ) Thamuotettix mutilata. 7. (IL) (I) Palecphora jiatefacta. 8. (107P) (-}) Necygomis rotnndatus. 9. (108P) (f) Cercopites vimbratilis. 10. (109P)(i) A pair of overlapping wings, apparently the tegmina of some homop- terous insect, bnt which I am as yet un- able to j)lace more exactly; its resem- blance to Oliarns Intensis, Fig. 18, is manifest. 11. (4070) J) Corizus gnttatus. 12. (15248) (-|°) 8tenopelta piinctulata, and a portion more highly magnified. 13. (172R) (Y-) Steuopelta pimctulata. 14. (4190) (',') Cyrtomenus concinuas. 15. (HOP) Ci) Cercopis astricta. 16. (HIP) (f) Fulgora populata. 17. (3ldR) (?) Oliarites terrentula. 18. (112P) i'i) Oliarus ? lutensis. 19. (39R) i\") Procyduus mamillanus. 20. (4192) (f) Lyctocoris terrens. 21. (113P) (f) Cholula triguttata. 680 Fig. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. (13L) (f) Necrocydnus gosiutensis. (132R) (}) Pheuolia incapax. (15.3oR) (^) Antherophagus priscus. (Co]>ied by Zittel, Handb. d. palieont.. Fig. 1051.) (79P) (i) Hydrobius couBxns. (23R) ( v) Brachytarsus pristinus. (81aR) (?) Laccobius elongatus; reverse of next. (136;/R) (") Laccobius elongatus. (4003-4004) (?) Cryptoeephalus vetustus. (4015,3990) (?) Mycotretns binotatus. (12R) (f ) Epic;orus exanimis. (24L) (?) Neothanes testeus. (4084) (■/) Tropisternus sculptilis. (83P) (f ) Platynus Ciesus. (419!) (Y) Antherophagus priscus. (86P) (?) Nosodendron tritavum. (4039) (?) Cryptoeephalus vetustus. (3998) (?) Platynus senex. (4059) (?) Neothanes testeus. (4079) {\") Berosus sexstriatus. (87P) (f ) Parandrita vestita. (3989) (-','*) This is a mistake and should not have been engraved. It is made up of parts of two insects at different levels on the slab. U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North America Pl 7, s H'V JK?^, i '^ (^ ^J 38- T Sinclair & Son. Ijilh Phila Grekn River Beds, Wyom:ing Terr. Hjcmipteha Coleohteha. PLATE VIII EXPr.ANATION OF PLATE VIII. All the drawings were made l)y J. Henry Blake, excepting Figs. Eoetter. ■M\ ai, 3.3, 34, which are by P. Fig. 1. (4038) {\^) Anobium ovale. 2. (4023,4027) CI) Tropisternus saxialis. 3. (15223) (-"^i') Cryptorhynchiis aunosus. 4. (4035) (") Cratoparis repertiis. 5. (15199) (f ) Philhydriis primu'vus. 6. (3999) (-,") Dryoca'tes carbonarins. 7. (4104) ( j) Epicicrns eft'ossus. 8. (4002) (f ) Berosns tenuis. 9. (106L) (-1-1-) Choragus iictilis. 10. (4081) (?) Bledins adanins. 11. {\~) Hydrochns rclictiis. 12. (4046) (t) Eugnamptns decemsatus. 13. (4204) (f ) Otiorhynchus tumbse. 14. (f ) Homalota recisa. 15. (15204) (f) Lathrobinni abscessuni. 16. (48L) (",'-') Authouomus soporus. 17. (-,^) Horniiscus partitus. 18 (40S6) (V) Anobium deceptura. 19. (-f) iEgialia rupta. 20. (15234) (") Euguauiptns grandievus. 21. (84P) (f) Lathrobium abscessum. 22. (f ) Tanymecus seculorum. The rostrum is lacking, not having been exposed when the plate was made. 682 Fig. 23. (f ) Listronotus muratus. 24. (4082) (f) Anobium lignitum. 25. (15213) (£) Otiorhynchus perditus. 2G. (4047) ( v) Gymnetrou lecoutei. 27. (4007) (f) Hydrobius deciueratns. 28. (15218) {\'>) Dryoca!les impressiis. 29. (4078) (5) Eudiagogus terrosuH. 30. (1.5239) (1 ) EpiciT^rus esauiniis. 31. (15239) ()) Epic;prns exaniiuis. 32. (1.5200) (1) Staphylinites obsoletum. 33. (15207) (j) Epica-rus saxatilis. 34. (1.5207) (f ) Epicjcrus saxatilis. 35. (f ) Epica>rus effossus. 36. (15208) (?) Epica^rns saxatilis. 37. (4051) (f) Hylobius provectus. 3S. (4014) (Y) Epicierus exanimis. 39. (4210) (f ) Ophryastes compactus. 40. (4012) (f ) Cratoparis? elusus. 41. (15215) (f) Hylobius provectus. 42. (3991) (f) Epicserus exanimis. U S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, Tertiary Insects ot North America ^'•i ^^> : j .s ^ >% 9 «t^' >•"»-« ^f'^ f---" J©-^ F- o lt3 fmi /$*A >!; mi '^ 'kC' & o .9'- pi^s^ rVirfki j^wi; ^. ^ #C^ f^^ 3«- \%- W.M' >*^ '\ ,5- "i^' <•> '< s vv^-' ^^ 29- «i«5-' G' ■t,^ &? {. :■■/ -4^ ^■j/' -t* ^fe^'V 40 T. Sinclair S 3oi\ liiih Philad. Green River Beds. Wyotvehstg Terr. ( '()Li-:oi''ri-'.M A PLATE IX EXPLAKATION OF PLATE IX. All the drawings were made liy J. Henry Blake, excepting Fig. 21, which i» by Edward Burgess. Fig. 1. (1519:i) (?) Sciomyza inaiica. 9. (15186) {\^) Sciomyza manca. 3. (15187) (i,2) Sciomyza luanca. 4. (4125) (i) Sciomyza manca. 5. (15193) (y) Sciomyza manca 6. (15186) (y) Sciomyza manca. 7. (fi") Sciomyza disjecta. 8. (4113) ('f)Chilosiasp. 9. (59L) (?) Psilota tabidosa. 10. (4143) (?) Stenocinclis auomala. 11. (71L) (^f ) Callomyia torporata. 12. (66L) (-!,'-) Anaclinia ? sp. 13. (14691) (t) Milesia quadrata. 14. (15184) (*) Chilosia ampla (f ). 15. (15191) (?) Sciomyza manca. 16. (15196) (?) Sciomyza mauca. 17. (V) Asarcoujyia cadaver. 684 Fig. 18. (15188) (?) Sciomyza manca. 19. (14696) (?) Polioniyia recta. 20. (4121) (?) Sciomyza niauca. 21. (14696) (?) Poliomyia recta. 22. (2L) (?) Sciomyza disjecta. 23. (15195) (?) Sciomyza manca. 24. (15189) (?) Sciomyza manca. 25. (4149) (V) Sciomyza disjecta. 26. (f) Cbilo.sia ? sp. 27. (4112) (?) Chilosia ampla. 28. (15194) (?) Sciomyza mauca. 29. (?) Sciomyza manca. 30. (1.5237) (V) Sciomyza disjecta. 31. (?) Lithophysa tnmulta. 32. (15197) (?) Sciomyza disjecta. 33. (4131) (-"i^) Sciomyza disjecta. U S- GEULOGIGA]. SIJHVKY OF THE TRRRIT'ORIES. Tertiary Insects of North America Pu 8. ■,- *> #-j1. %s :^i f^Tv. J^v sM ■if"' ^1 ./- /4 -■»* iff* Iff ■;ir;rfs, siii^v'' IP >l*3- - \ 41* ' -:5^ M : -^' -■^ -■^■^j*-. ^>- ^' W-, / < J^^^f .10 n^.-:l'i:r & Sin Tn»a ?KiIad Green River Beds, Wyoming Terr. 1 )iF"rF:n A PLATE X. EXPLAXATION OF PLATE X. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (9P)(f) TijMila sepnlcUri. •2. (IIP) (f) Rymosia strangulata. :^. (37L) (") Boletina unibratica. 4. (?) Tipula spoliata. 5. (ISP, reversed) (f) Scioinyza! sp. G. (09L) (?) Seiophila byattii. 7. ('f') Boletina paludivaga. 8. (lOP) (i"-) Chirouomns septus. 9. (98L) (?) Syrphida' ? .sp. 10. (15182) (\a) Diadocidia terricola. 11. (15182) (^) Diadocidia terricola. 12. (4134) (J^i) Mycetophilida; sp. 13. (14?) C^P) Anatella tacita. 14. (-1*^) Culex damnatoriim. 15. (5L) (r) .Stenocinclis? sp. 16. (2P) ^V) Sciara scopnli. 686 Fig. 17. (8P) (^) Plecia dejecta. 18. (130P) (',')Braconidie sp. 19. (129P) (f) Rhyssajuveuis. 20. (15178) ('-p) Decatoma autiquaf 21. (131P) (V) Lithotoriis cressoui. 22. (15177) (i|2)Myrraieasp. 23. (14692) (?) Lasius terreus. 24. (30L) (?) Eclytus liitatus. 25. (7()L) (f ) Glypta trausversalis. 26. (22L) (y) Taxonus nortoni. 27. (i2L) (?) Taxonus iiortoui. 28. (133P) (f ) Bracoiiid;e sp. 29. (4196) (If) Bracon laniiuarum. 30. (132P)(f) Didiueis solidescens. 31. (4076) (?) Decatoma antiqua. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERP.IT OKIES, Tertiary Insects or North America Pi. 10. Lilh Philaa. Green River Beds, Wttomino Terr. 1 >Il^'ri:RA . H-l-.MlCN'ClfJTEKA . PLATE XI. EXPLANATION OV PLATE XI. All the drawings were made by J- Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (9285) (f ) Epeira sj). 2. (3204) (i) Epeira nieekii 9 . 3. (13521) (t) Theridium opertaueuiii 9 ■ 4. (2831) (f) Clubiona arcana,?. 5. (8269) (t) AnyphiPtia interita9. R. (13523) (?) Epeira delila(,??). 7. (7583) (?) Epeira alisi-on(lila:io-v PLATE XII. VOL xiri 44 EXPIiABTATION OF PLATE XII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (399) (?) Cone of Sequoia, seen in cross- section ; supposed wlien the plate was engraved to be a coiled myriapod. 2. (8616) (t) Parotermes hagenii. 3. (1247) Cf ) Parotermes fodinje. 4. (13526) (j) Ephemera macilenta, larva. 5. (8824) (f) Ephemera inimobilis, larva. 6. (6010) CJ) Hodotermes ? coLiradeusis. 7. (10660) (f) Ephemera pnmico.sa, pupa. 8. (4643) (^) Taphacris reliquata. 9. (5587) (f) Ephemera exsncc:i. 10. (13526) (f) Ephemera macilenta, larva. 11. (349) (-1,^) Necropsylla rigida. 690 Fig. 12. (19M) (?) Eutermes meadii. 13. (9041) (?) Parotermes insignis. 14. (400) (t) Parotermes insignis. 15. (1516) (f) Ephemera puniieosa, larva. 16. (233) (I) Ephemera pumicosa, larva. 17. (31) (?) Eutermes meadii. 18. (1693) (}) Lepisma platymrr.i. Some of the abdominal joints are nui, iudicated. 19. (4643) (I) Taphacris reliquata. 20. (B049) (f) Eutermes fossarum. 21. (310) (^,5-) Necropsylla rigida. 22. (11190) (f) Parotermes fodiua;. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES- I'ertiary Insects op North America Pi. Yc 0. T Sinclair !t Son,l,ith Philaa. The FiiORiysANT Basin Myjuai'iida . Nkukoi'tkua PLATE XIII EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. All the drawings were made by J. Heury Blake. . 1. (8347) (f ) .Slschna (.Eschua) solida. 2. (8995) (f ) Limnopsyche dispersa. 3. (7728) (I) Neuronia evanesceu?. 4. (H619) (?) Lithagrion hyalinum. 5. (407) Cy) Phrygauea labefacta. 6. (8046) (?) Agrion exsularis. . 7. (12239) (f ) Polycentropus t eviratus. 8. (6824) (5) Agrion masceacens. 692 Fig. 9. (6824) (f) Agrion masceacens. 10. (1352'j) (l)Agriou telliiris. 11. (1816) (I) ^schna larvata. 12. (6927) (f ) Lithagrion nmbratum. 13. (2514) (t) Derobrochns craterae. 14. (8163) (f) Lithagrion umbratum. 15. (11693) (f).a;schna(Ba8isBschna) separata. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects of North America Pl 13. '^^^^^S^ ,*;;- 1 M ^.y'^-;'; ':V'^'^'. im 1^ ¥ «J- ^A J_i i I i ,-7 T Smclaji- ii Son, Ltth Phila. The Florissant Ba.sin Xki'roptkra . PLATE XIV EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. All the drawings were made by J. Hi-my Blake, exceptiug Figs, l:! and 14, which were traced by S. H. Scudder from a niioio])hotoi;rapb, taken by Samuel Wells, ilsq. Fig. 1. (I.:i85) (f) InocoUia veterana. The vein representing a bput costal vein of the right wing does not exist. a. (43Si) Ci) Khaphidia t tranf|iiilla^ . 3. (13537) (?) Osniyhis recjnietus. 4. (63) (?) Holcorpa maculosa. 5. (63) (I) Holcorpa maculosa. 6. (670) (?) Triboohrysa firniata. 7. (8792) (!f) Triboehrysa firmata. 8. (14168) (f ) Osniylus retpiietny. 9. {112U4) (f) Triboehrysa vefiiscula. 10. (8792) (f) Triboehrysa firmata; hind wing. 694 Fig. 11. (8792) (iO Triboehrysa firmata; fore wing. 12. (9373) (j) luocellia somnolenla9. 13. (7340) (y) Pahi'oehrysa stricta; front. wing; the basal half of the upper cubital vein should not be straight but zigzag like the apical half; the basal portion of the intercubital area is also wrongly given. 14. (7340) ('5) Pala-ocbrysa stricta; hind wing; the cross veins of the costal area are not shown. 15. (956) (f) Inocellia tumulata,?. U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects op North America Pi, 14 The FliORTssat^^t Basin Nkiuoi'Tkha ( Pl.A-NlI'l■;^^;L^. ) "i -Sinclair fc ."or. Li;>. ?h PLATE XV EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. All tbe drawings were made by J. Henry Hlake. Fig. 1. (8065) (f ) Leptobroclius liiteiis. 2. (941(5) (f) Derobrucbii.s uiarcidiis. 3. (8857) (}) Leptobrocbns luteus. 4. (1.947) (<{) Derobioohiis eriitene. 5. (1441) (I) Liinuoiibiliis soiioratus. 6. (5433) (f ) Derobroehiis IVijicscens. 7. (11205) (f ) Hydropsycbe uiarceus. 8. (319) (-^/J) Diaiilegma abdtictiiui. 9. (13137) (f) Tinodes palnrtigena. 10. (14210) Ci) Litobrocbiis exteruatus. G96 Fig. 11. (t>rib4) (',■) Mesobrochus letbieus. 12.- (9630) (f) Psecadia mortuella. Reverse of Fig. 17. 13. (4423) (^) Mesobrochus imbecillus. 14. (8422) (I) Paladicella eniptionis. 15. (11754) (^) Setodes portionalis. 16. (2677) (^) Derobrochus frigeseeiiS. 17. (8460) (f) Psecadia mortuella. Reverse of Fig. 12. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects oy North America P'L. U The Florissant Basin NltlUOl" TK.KA ' ]'lllt^•^iA.Nll> AK ) T Sinclajr l^- Son. LlCh PhiU. J PLATE XVI. EXPLANATION OP PLATE XVI. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, excepting Fig. 18, which is by S. H. Scudder. Fig. 1. (1.603) (f) Liibiduromnia bormansi,?. 2. (395) (}) Labiduromma iiiortalet^. 3. (3832) Ci) Labiduromma avia$. 4. (1.381) (f)Quediii8breweri. 5. (13544) (f) Ijabiduromma avia (? . 6. (3705) (f ) Labiduromma mortale,?. 7. (2604) (f) Labiduromma infernum^. 8. (10627) (I) Quediua chamberlini. 9. (5004) (f) Labiduromma labens (young). 10. (11208) (t) Labiduromma commixtum 9 . 11. (11209) (f ) Labiduromma avia9 . 12. (13546) (f) Labiduromma exsulatum9- (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. palaont.. Fig. 959.) 698 Fig. 13. (14471) (^) Labiduromma labens^. 14. (4736) (f) Labiduromma gilberti,? . 15. (8334) (f) Labidurouiiua tertiarium 9 . 16. (7118) (^) Labiduromma hibens,? . 17. (1832) (f ) Labiduromma commixtum 9 . 18. (14688) (I) Labiduromma tertiarium^. 19. (316) (f) Labiduromma lithophilum 9- 20. (13001) (;) Labiduromma mortale 9. 21. (4925) (f) Labiduromma tertiarium (J. 22. (11740) (f) Labiduromma avia,?. 23. (8022) (?) Labiduromma avia9. 24. (5278) (t) Labiduromma sp. U S. GEULOGIGAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiary Insects op North I^merica Pl 16 if] I ^ f '--=( '^i> ^ J^ — ^ ,1. >* ^ •attm «i» •■>:; ^ l\ If 0 -^:- ^^< \ ■ ^z '- 1 v4i H^j ^.^ .,■:£■■ ..'^v- •^r J \ k k ■T', #- n '^~ /r ,v The Florissant Basust ;..th M-.i!a.i. PLATE XVII. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, excepting Fig. 8, which is by S. H. Scudder. Fig. 1. (3)'') Tyrbula rnsselli. One of the joints of the antennal club. 2. (f) Tyrbula russelli. Anteun,-E. • 3. (i) Tyrbula rnsselli. (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. pabeout., Fig. 965.) 4. (?) Tyrbnla russelli. Tibial spines. 5. (7389) (f ) CEdipoda pr.-efotata. 6. (635) (^) Gomphocerus abstrnsus. 7. (1724) (^) Cyraatoinera luaenlata. S. (8M) (I) Homcpogamia ventriosa. 9. (7544) (I) Locustasilens. A portion of the leg, showing spines. 10. (7544) (^) Locueta silens. 700 Fig. 11. (5817) (t) Agathemera reclnsa. 12. (5122) (?) Zctobora bruuneri. 13. (14720) (f ) Tyrbula multispinosa. 14. (11557) (\) Lithyranetes guttatus 9. (Copied by Zittel, 1. c., Fig. 969.) 15. (11557) (f) Lithymnetes guttatus ?. Showing the cellular spotting. 16. (13 ,50) (I) Orchelinium placidum 9 • 17. (4642) {}) Gryllacris eineris. 18. (13551) (f) Orchelinium placidum^. Fore leg. 19. (13551) (V) Orchelimum placidum^. i U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES' Tertiary Inskcts of North America Pl 17 '.^ _ ^.-fsrv'^t. t. %it^ ^%~^. \> U SV- f \, ^5 13 ^*» '\A. '•' .y-. The Florissant Basin Olt'l'MOI'Tl-; UA PLATE XVIII. EXPLAXATIOX OF PLATE XVIII. All the drawings are by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (y-^Sl) (y) Archilachnus peanatus. (Copied by Buckton, Moiiogr. Brit. Aphides, PI. 133, Fig. 3. 2. (315) {\^) Schizonenroides s c ii d d e r i. (Copied by Buckton, 1. c, PI. 133, Fig. 5. Copied by Zittel, Haudb. d. palajont., Fig. 988. ) 3. (10205) (") Siphouophoroides antiqiia. 4. (t)70) (-r) Tephraphis simplex. (Copied by Buckton, 1. c, PI. 133, Fig. 2. ) 5. (14450) (i ) Siphonophoroides antiqua. 6. (314) (J,-) Sjchiiobrocbus reviviscen.s. 7. (13562) (?) Siphouophoroides antiqua. 8. (5380) (f ) Aphidopsis margaruui. 702 Fig. 9. (4827) (f) Anconatusdorsuosus. (Copied by Buckton, 1. c, PI. 133, Fig. 4.) 10. (8869) (f) Siphonophoroides antiqua. (Copied by Bnckton, I.e., PI. 133, Fig. 1.) 1". (1044) (f) Aphidopsis sp. (immature;. 12. (3577) (f) Sbeuapliis quesueli. 13. (340) (f ) Anialancon Intosiis. 14. (4475) (f) Oryctaphis recondita. 15. (6993) (J) Archilachnus pennatus. 16. (4615) (f) Archilachnus pennatus. 17. (177) (Y) Archilachnus pennatus. 18. (8085)(f) Ptero.stigmarecurvum. (Copied by Buckton, 1. c, PI. 133, Fig. 6.) 19. (8085) (?) Tephraphis walshii. i U S^ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, Tertiary InBects or North America Pl 18. T Sinclajr it Soli Xjth Philad. The Florissant Ba.sin IIl'.Mll-lKHA ( I loMOn-rr-MiA AlMllDAF. ) PLATE XIX. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (12069) (\^) Fulgora obticescens. 2. (262) C^**) Cercopis siifibcata. A portion showing the surface structure. 3. (262) (f) Cercopis siiftoeata. 4. (14229) (f) Gypona cincrcia. r>. (2658) (f) Agallia abstructa. 6. (10479) (j) Docinius psylloides. 7. (307) (5) Agallia lewisii. 8. (12088) (?) Nyctophylax vigil. 9. (7628) (f) Tetligonia priscotincta. 10. (4379) (f ) Aphrophora sp. 11. (11771) (f ) Nyctophylax uhleri. 12. (1.789) (I) Florissant ia elegans. 13. (12785) (^,2) Elidiptera regularis. 14. (1.705) (I) Cixius? proavus. 704 Fig. 15. (11307) (f ) Aoocephalus callosus. 16. (5188) (-|^) Jassopsis evidens. 17. (9299) (',') Docinius psylloides. 18. (10158) {'{) Agallia flaccida. 19. (10672) (^) Thisspecinien wasacciil^ ntally overlooked in working uj) the fauna. It is evidently the anterior half of one of the Ceroopida and apparently a species of Locrites, but does not agree willi I he other species known. 20. (3412) (J,-) Thaninotettix fundi. 21. (1.805) (f) Agallia lewisii. 22. (66.55) (\^) Clastoptera comstocki. 23. (4552) (\^ ) Thlibomenus parvus. U S. GEOLOGICAL ['ertiart iNF.Kcrs or North America ;UF. ''J.\ m ^^. \x // TSar' -^^ & '1^ ii i^^^- /%: ' ^.r" X 'f3. % t 4: :* -\ i;?^..-i *i'V5.2».**='^ « ...J-:,**:' *,V.<-^' ^'^:'j^j'' / / ■ 1 <-■ ' ^^ ..««)««,/ ,.- The Florissa^stt Basin Ukmiptp^ha. (HOMI) i"t'H;RA.) PLATE XX VOL XIII 46 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. All the ilniwiugs were made by J. Heury Blake. Fig. 1. (6050) (HPalecphoraprii-valens. •2. (oOSd) (f ) Palaphrodes irregiilari.s. 3. (13584) (i) Palecpliora coiuiiiiniis. 4. (9900) Cf) Aporema priBStrictmii. 5. ((i2) (■!) Petrolystra gigaiitea ?. 6. (411) (1) Petrolystra gigaiitca. (Copied by Zittel, Handb. d. paheoiit., Fig. 9'J.i.) 7. (41-2) ( 1 ) Petrolystra gigautea. 8. (11829) ({) Petrolystra licros. 9. (112.;7) (f) A small lly. foiiud on the same stone with tbe next, jierhaps belongiug to tbe Tacbydroniida', but whose precise affinities it is perhaps impossible to trace. 706 Fig. 10. (11237) (t) Palecphora niacnlata. 11. (0484) (f ) Palecpb.ra marvinei. 12. (6484) (^) Palecpliora marvinei. 13. (6484) (f) Palecphora marvinei. 14. (11771) (^) Princcphi.ra balteata. 15. (609) (',-) Palecphora iuoruata. 16. (562) (I) Palaphrodes cincta. 17. (3.534) (t) Palecphora niacnlata. 18. (43) {'i) Palaphrodes irn gnlaris. 19. (6639) (V) Jassns ? latcbr*. 20. (13570) (f) Palecphora cominnnis. 21. (159) (V) Palecphora cominnnis. 22. (1.121) Ci) Lithecphcra seligera. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertlap.y Insects or North America :o. The Florissant Basin 1[i;mii'Ti:ka ( Ho mo i»TF.u.\.) T Sinclair & Son Uih phi] art PLATE XXI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (78) (f ) Agallia instabilis. 2. (8081) (i) Palecpboni prievalens. 3. (12776) (f) Litbecpbora iiiiirata. 4. (12447) (r) Litbecpbora miicolor. .5. (13337) (r) Litbecpbora uuicolor. 6. (3864) (I) Palapbrodes irregularis. 7. (8536) (^) Palapbrodes irregularis. 8. (912) (f ) Litbecpbora miirata. 9. (3801) (}) Palecpbora inarvinei. 10. (8887) (I) Palapbrodes obliqua. 708 Fig.* 11. (14178) CJ) Litbecpbora uuicolor. 12. (9158) (f) Palecpbora luarviiiei. 13. (30) (^) Litbecpbora diapbana. 14. (11103) (r) Litbecpbora uuicolor. 15. (208) (f) Palapbrodes cincta. 16. (126) (^) Dictyopbara bonvei. 17. (8313)(t) Locriteswbitei. 18. (4287) (t) Palapbrodes obscura. 19. (9374) (f ) Locrites copei. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Tertiary Insects or Nort'h America ^^ K»-j>Tj5S«i :^«rf.>»**^ -w ri ^&^4 ""^^ac ^■' X m ^^^ J I ,1 •-y^:' :-«?*^ X'- 1 Y-"?: — \ '■(>- 'r> — -^ ^^ #f '?' -^ The Florissant Basin. lilSMIPTERA . ( HfJMO P-I'KKA I PLATE XXII EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (448U) (y) Achrestocoris cinerarias. 2. (12W) (f) Capsns lacus. 3. (1)371) {-;-) Phthinoeoris colligatus. 4. (12784) (^) Tiroscbistns iuduresceus. 5. (4563) i^i) Fuscus ficcatus. 6. (234) (?) Discostonia ? sp. 7. (1.828) (f) Nysins vecnla. 8. (14981) (?) Stenovelia nigra. 9. (7609) (?) Trapezonotus exterminatiis. 710 Fig. 10. (1.821) Cf) Lyga?.us stabilitns. 11. (10729) Cf) Notonecta emersoni. 12. (1097) (?) Prosigara Habellnm. 13. (13325) (',-) Paheovelia spinosa. 14. (.3268) (?) Steuovelia nigra. 15. (12782) (f) Metrobates aiternalia. nre is upside down. 16. (2238) {'}) Corixa immersa. 17. (7269) (f ) Corixa vanduzeei. The 11" U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRLrORlES, Tertiary Insects of North i^MERICA r" ,C:^-^fe^ Pl 2: T Sinclair k Son Lith Pmlaaa The Florissant Basin-. HEMiriKKA (HbtKHOPTEHA - Hi:l >TTV1 1 DAK,] .V{.Ai; IDAE .] A PLATE XXIII EXPliANATIOX OF PLATE XXIH. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake, ig. 1. (5596) (?) Eotingis antellnat■^. Fig. 17. (5864) (?), 2. (12096) (f) Linniva carcerata. 18. (11184) (? 3. (4365) (?) Eotingis anteunata. 19. (4994) (?, 4. (58T3) (f ) Linna?a putnanii. 20. (12465) (? 5. (9672) ( f) Monantliia vi't.erna. 21. (7233) (?) 6. (7617) (?) Piesma? rotunda. 22. (11757) (? 7. (7473) (J) Steuopainera siibterrea. 23. (6239) (?) 8. (9937) (?) Procrophiiis costalis. 24. (11301) (? 9. (•2349) (?) Monautliia veterna. 25. (6550) (?) 10. (232J) (?) Liiinaia holmesii. 26. (6483) (?) 11. (9674) (?) Trapezoiiotiis exterminatus. 27. (11164) (? 12. (11652) (?) Procrophiiis coiuniuuis. 28. (11222) (? 13. (4500) (?) Capsus obsolefactiis. 29. (1209) (?) 14. (6365) (?) Nysius stratus. 30. (11210) (? 15. (9884) (?) RhyparochroDiiis verrillii. 31. (7064) (?) 16. (5736) (?) Stenoparaera tenebrosa. 712 I Geocoris infernonini. f ) Procrophius communis. Liuniea gravida. ;•) Nysius trltus. Linniea evoluta. Trapezouotus exterminatus. Procrophius lauguens. ?) Stenopamera tenebrosa. I Trapezouotus extermiuatus. Geocoris infernorum. ') Nysius stratus. I) Procropliius communis. Procrophius communis. ") Rhyparochromus verrillii. Nvsius teme. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OL THE TERRLrORIES. '!tm-;;jA;\Y iKtimcTS or NcR'rii America Pi. -23 /M ^ : w ■-sp?^ y i" i I ^ /. ^^• ■^i^' % '^^ t. / ( •<4S-> . ) '\^J I'i. ^s3 X /' f ^><■ #. /^^^k ir' «i ^^S^ The Florissant Basin II|-..Mii-ii;i{A . lIr:-n:n<)i>ii-:nA l.v^-.\'-iA:.^ .^-.■/S- ^5^ X fc^^"?^^ The Florissant Basin. HtiMlfTKI^V llKTKHtJI'TKItA -LVOAKIUAE j:nciajr k. Ssu.Lwrx rcijada PLATE XXY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (3186) (T)Ebepocoris propinquans. 2. (^10381) (f ) Nysiua stratus. 3. (1210-2) (f) Cacalydus exstirpatus. 4. (12081) (V) Rliei)ocoris pni'valens. .5. (3247) (f) Corizusabditivus. 6. (318a) (f ) Rhepocoris pr.-evalens. 7. (1761) Ci) Rhepocoris prsvaleus. 8. (11140) (f ) Nysius stratus. 716 Fig. 9. (5669) (?) Rhepocoris pra'valens. 10. (12087) Ci) Rhepocoris pru^valens. 11. (9128) Ci) Rhepocoris pnevalens. 12. (1.508) (f) Cacalydus lapsus. 13. (12778) (f ) Parodarmistus collisus. 14. (1.803) (?) Rhepocoris pr*valens. 15. (10956) (t) Piezocoris peritus. 16. (9) (f ) Rhepocoris praevalena. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES Tertiart Insects oy North America Pi.,, 25 The Florissant Basin HemipxeRjV . (He.tk;ropteba ~ Core i dak) T :5inclair fc Son, Li til "Philaaa PLATE XXVI. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI. All tbe drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. (8604) ( (4644) ( (7656) ( (14207) (12469) 6. (13660) 7. (7037) ( 8. (10391) 9. (11232) 718 Orthriocorisa longipes. Litihochroiiuis mortuarins. Cydan'iis lobustus. ) Corizus iibditivHS. ) Eotbes elegans. ) Lithochroinus extraueiis. Phrudopaiuera chittendeui. ) Proteuor imbecillis. ) Fhriidopameracbitteudeni. Fig. 10. (9837) (f) Lithochromus gardneri. 11. (2431) (t) Rbepocoris pra-valens. 12. (14236) (?) Catopamera bradleyi. 13. (8467) Ci) Rbepocoris propinqaaus. 14. (5633) ({) Piezocoris ? peremptus. 15. (2696) (?) Tagalodes iuermis. 16. (9253) (f ) Etirocoris iuferualis. 17. (6370) (f ) Phthinocoris letbargicus. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Tertiart Insects op North America Pl 26 The Florissant Basin- HKMIPTKltA lIi:TnnOI->TKHA - CoHKII>AE) T Sinclarr i. Son, Lilh Pailaaa PLATE XXVII. EXPL,ANATION OF PLATE XXVII. All the drawings were made by J. Henry Blake. Fig. 1. (367) (^) Rhipiphorus geikiei. 2. (6656) (f ) Exitelusexsanguis. 3. (5703) (f ) Heeria lajiidosa. 4. (13564) (f) Procoris bcchleri. 5. (1.831) (f) Heeria gulosa. 6. (1'2256) C{) Phthinocoris langnidus. 7. (9590) (f) Catopamera augheyi. 8. (2577) (f) Lithoeliromus gardneri. 9. (6931) (f ) Phrudopaniera wilsoni. 10. (9086) {^) Necrochromus cockerelli. 720 Fig. 11. (9302) (f ) Trapezonotus stygialis. 12. (11773) (f) Heeria gulosa. 13. (6299) (r) Prolygieus inuudatus. 14. (2871) (f) Necrochromus labatns. 15. (6369) (f ) Corizus celatus. 16. (13315) Cf) Phrudopaniera wilsoni. 17. (8740) { 499 Eytboscopus 302,304 lapidescens 305 Cacalydns 419 exatirpatna 419,420 lapsiiB 419 Cacoschistus 453,459 Diaceriatua 495 Page. cadaver (Asarcomyia) 567 caducus (Parodarmistua) 422 Caecilius 117 caenulentua ( Derobrochuaj 183 caesus (Platynus) 522 calculo&a (Indusia) 194 calliscens (Cercopites) 317 Callisthenes 537 Callomy ia 555 torporata 555 callosua (Aeocepbalua) 311 Calopterygidaj 92, 125 Calnsoma 535 Calotermcs 104,107 Calothripa 371 Calyptites . ou'- antediluvianum 600 Calyptua 605 Caraponotus 611 vetus 619 Camptopus 418 Canthon 491 perplesus 491 Capaaria 362 CapsidjE 342,361 Capsina 302 Capsus 301,362,368 lacus .. 368,369 obsolefactns 368 Carabidje .. 27,489,517 Carabini 535 Carabiis 535 carbonarius (Dryocjetes) 470 carcerata ( Linna?a) 398 Carmelus 363 gra vatna 363, 364 parvus 363 sepositus 363,364 casus (Platynus) 519 Cataneura 244,245 absens 245 rileyi 2\5 Catopamera 384,387 augbeyi 387 bradieyi 387 Catopsylla 275,277 prima 277 Cecidomyidae 581,000 celatua (Corizns) 433 Celitbemia 126 Cepbalocoria 375 Cepbisua 334 CerambycidiE 28 Cercidiella 77 Cercopida 315 Cercopidai 315 Cercopidiura 315 Cercopis 315,317 astricta 317. 318 fasciata 315, 333 haidingeri 323 uielatna 333 reningensia 315, 333 pallida 315,333 rectel inea 315, 333 ael wyni 317, 318 suffocata 317 ungeri 315 Cercopites 316 calliscens 316.317 umbratilia 31f INDEX. 725 Page. Cercyou 510 terrigena 510 Cerniatia 43 Ceroxya 540 camis 540 CLalcididifi 30,604 chamberliui (Quedius) 508 Chauliodes 147, 149 prisca 148 Chauliognathns pristinus 28 ('beilosia ampla 559 sp 561 ' bernetida) 45 Cliilosia 559 nmpla 559 ■-P 561 Cbimai (icephala 224 Cbiromyza 567 Chironomid je 578 sp 581 Chironoraos 28, 578 depletus 579 patens 580 septus 578 sp 581 cbittendeni (Phrndopamera). .. 389 Chlreuius 517 laticollis 517 puDctuIatns 517 Chlorolfstea 127 Cboeridium 490 ebeninum 490 histeroides 491 Cholula 384,389 trigutt ata 389 Cboragus 465 fictilis 465 Cbrysidai 30 Clirysis 30 ChT \ sobothris haydeni 27 C 1) rysonit?lida} 28, 4S5 Cbrysopa 165, 166, 168, 169 Chrys:)pid8e 92, 147, 161, 165 Cirada 294 Cicadellitt s obscuram 295 Cicadula 310 sasosa 310 sexDotata 310 cincta ( Palaphrodes) 334 cinctus (Dysdercns) 410 cinefacta (Epeira) 85 cinerarias (Achrestocoris) 413 ciuercia {Gypona) 308 cincrescena (Hadroneraa) 370 cineria (Gryllacria) 233 (,*inura 82,99,102 Citigrad® 49 Cixiida 286 Cixius 278,286 hesperidum 287 proavus 287 ("ladodiptera 293 Clastoptera 338 comstocki 339 Clathrotermea 103 Cleridaj 28 Closterocoris 362 elegaus 363 Clubiona 51.62 arcana 63,64 atteuuata 65 Page. Clubiona eversa 63 lanata 64 latebroaa 63,65 micropblhalma 66 oatentata 63, 65 aericea 64 *oniento8a 63 Clya 71 Clytbia 56 Coccidie 241 Coccinellid© 28 Coccus 241 cockerelU (Necrochromus) 407 Coelidia 313 Columbiana 313 wyoniiugenaia 313 Coleoptcra 465 Collembola 92,99 coUigatus (Phtbioocoris) 414 collisua (Parodarmiatua) 422 coloradeusis (Kodoterraes) 113 columbiiB (Aranea) 71 Columbiana (Ccelidia) 313 cotumistum (Labiduromma) ... 208 conimoratus (DiTobiochus) . 184 communis (Palecphora) 328 ( Procrophiua) 382 compactiHa (Piezocoria) 417 compactus (Opbryastea) 477 comstocki (Clastoptera) 339 concinnua (Cyrtomenus) 451 condita (Litbomyza) 601 confisus {Hydrobiua) 511 Coniopterygida- 92 Couiopterys 147 Coiiocepbalid® 227,231 Conopidii; 555 copei { Locritea) 323 Copbocoris 384,391 tenebricoaua 391 Coptocbromus 384, 405 inanium 405 Cordulidai 92,124,125 Coreidso 342,411 Coreiua 411 Coreitea 411 Corethra 583 exita 583 Coreua - 411 Corixa 343 alternata 344 bellensii 345 immersa 344, 345 interrupta 344 preeusta 345 vanduzeei 344 Corisida; 343 Corizida 411,132 Corizua ,. _ 432,433 abditivua 433 celatns 433 guttatus 433. 434 Bomnurnua 433.434 Corydalitea 148 I'ccundum 149 Corydalus 148 coruutua 149,152 Corymbitea 490 medianua 496 splcndcns 496 velatus 496 Page. Corynitea. 71 (^ostalis (Procropbius) 382 Craspi doaoma . 43 i^raterai ( Derobrochus) 186 Cratoparis 466 confusns 466 eluMUS 467 lugubris 466 hmatus 466,467 repertus 466 Creopbilus 507 villosua 507 cressoni (Litbotorua) 609 Cronicua ng Cropbiua ggi Cryptobium 506 Cryptocepbalus 485 venuatua 485 votustns 485 Cryptocercus 218 Cryptochromus 384,409 letatua 409 Cry ptobypnua 497 plauatus 497 terreatris 497 Cryptopbagidae 501 Cry ptorhyncbua 471 annosua 471 Ctereacoris 384,394 primigenus 394 Cucujidas 501 Culex 582 damnatorum . 582 proavitua 582 Culicidee 28, 582 Curculionidae 471 Cycbrini 535 Cychrus 535 andrewsii 536,537 minor 537 testeus 535 viduus 536, 537 wbeatleyi 536 Cyclorhapha 539 Cydanma 419,420 robustus 420 Cy duida 436 Cydnopaia 437 Cydnus 435,437 mamiUanas 443 Cylindrogaster 204 Cyllocoraria 362 C>malomera 230 maculata 230 Cyraina '. 374 Cyniindia 518 americaua 518 axirora 518 Cynipidii! 30 Cyrtidas 563,564 Cyrtonieuus 437, 451 couciDQUS 451 Cyrtoxipbua 234 Cyttarorayia 574 fenestrata 575 dalli (Apbidopaia) 264 damnatorum (Culex) 582 Daradax 301 Darmiatna 421,429 Daaypogon 565 726 INDEX. Page. Dasjpogonina 563 davistii (Gerancon) 248 dawsoni (Trichonta) 590 Decatoma 604 antiqua 604 decemaatna (Eugnamptus) 482 deceptum (Anobium) 492 decesaa ( Pinipla) 612 decineratus { Hydrobius) 511 decrepita (Tipnla) 576 DecticidfB 227 Decticns esstinctus 227 defectus (Parodarmistus) 423 defossus (Thomisus) 59 defiincta (Sitodrepa) 493 dpjecta (Plecia) 586 deletua (Epiphania) 498 delita (Epeira) 85 Belpbarida 295 Delphas 295 senilis 295 dentoni (Gnoriate) 592 deperdita ( Sciara) 586 depilis (Prometopia) 500 depletua (Cbironomus) 579 Df preasaria 602 Derbida 278 Dermestidie 28 Derobrochua 179, 182 abatractD8 182, 183 jeternaa 183,184 cjennlentus 182, 183 ^commoratns 182, 184 craterje 183, 186 frigescena 182,185 niarcidua 183. 185 deatitulna (Pterosticbna) 526 deatructus (Pterosticbna) 527 desHctus (Plalynua) 521 detecta ( Fleteroray za) 548 devictus (Procydnus) 440 Diadocidia 598 terricola 598 diapbana (Litbecpbora) 330 Diaplcgma 288 abdnctnm 289,290 baldemaui 28? obdorraitura 289,292 occultonira 289. 291 ruinosum 289,292 venerabile 289.291 veterascens 289, 290 Dicielua 524 alntaceua 524 dilatatua • 524 elongatna 525 purpuratus 524 ap 525 Dicbrooscytus 362 Dicranomx ia 568, ■>72, 574 primitiva 570 pubipennia 568,570 roalrata 571 st'graosa 568 Dictyophara 285 bou vei - 286 Dictyopharida 285 Didineis 620 1 unicornis 620 solidescena 620 Dielacata 71 Page. Dioctiia 563 Dipbywa 566 Diplocbila 523 bensbawi 523 major . . 523 Diplopoda 43 Diptera 28,539 Dipt era cyclorhaplia 539 Diptera ortlioibapba 562 diruta (Lilbapbis) .-... 258 Discostonia 437, 452 sp 452 disjecta (Sciomyza) 546 disjmu^tiis (Paropsocus) 118 (Thomisus) 58 disper.aa (l-ininopsycbe) 199 dissipatua (Platynus) 521 Diasosteira baidingeri 224 divesQS (Procydnna) 440 Doclmas 314 psylloidea 314 Dolicbopeza 574 Dolicbopodidff 562 Dolicbopua 562 ap 562 Doloniedes 62 Donncia 486 emarginata 486 porapatica 486 poTosicollis 486 pnbicoUis 486 stiria 486 dormitana (Pterosticbna) 526 dorsxiosua ( Anconatus) 272 Dortbesia 241 Diassides 48,49,60,62 Drassus 62 Diepanepteryx 164 Dryoca'tes 470 affaber 470 carbonarius. 470 itupressus 470 eepteutrionalis 470 Dysagrion 125,126,127 fredericii 127.130 lakeali 127, 130. 132 packardii 127. 130, 132 Dysdera ^0 Dy.sdercna 409 cinctna - 410 unicolor 410 Dyaderides - 48. 49, 52, 60 Dytiscidaj 517 eatnni (Prucydnus) 442 ebeninuni (Clireridium) 490 Eclytiia 614 lutalua 614 effosaus (Epicierua) 480 Elaphrus 533.534 irregularis 534 riparius 534 ruacariiia 534 viridia 534 Elaterida' 27, 49G sp 408 elegana (CInsterocnris) VS:; (Eothes) 355 (Flurissantia) 294 Elidiptera 297 regularis 297 Page. Elipsociis 117 eb)Ugala (Lithopsia) 301 elongatus (Laccobius) 513 eluaua (Cratoparis) 467 eniaciata (Apbidopais) 26-j E mbidina 92 emeraoni (Notonecta) 346 emertoui (Epeira) 87 Empberia 117,588 Empidfe 29 Encbopbora 279 Encoptolopbua 224 Endecatomus rngosua 491 Eceopterida? 235 Entinms 474 primordialis 471 Enyoida? ' 52 Eothea 355 elegana 355 Eotingis 359 antennata 360 qiiinquecarinata 359 Epeira 51, 76, 82 abscondita 82. 81 cinefacta 82, 8') delita 82, 8 J eniertoni 82,87 eogena 82 ttrantzii 82 ineekii 82,83 niolasaica 82 riparia 89 ap 88,89 troscbelii 82, 84 viilcanalis 82,86 Epeiridi-s 48.49,60,76 Epeiridion 76 Epbeuiera 118, 119, 120 exaiicca 124 inimobilis 120,121 interempta 120.123 inacilenta ; 120,122 oeiiiiigenais 119 piiniirosa *. 120,122 tatiifica 120 EpbenH-nda- ... 92. 1 18 I^pliydiinidii) 543 Epica'riis 478 cflbssus 480 I'xanimis 479 griseua 478 saxatilia 478 Epipbanis 498 corniitiis 498 deletua 498 Epipsocua 117 Epora 30 1 Et emobidae 226 Ereniororis 430 Eresoidi© 49,52 Erigone , 71 Eriatalia 558 lapideus 55*^ Erithus 62 Ero 71 Erotylid:e 502 eruptionis (Paladicella) 189 Erytbromnia 126,137,139 Etirocoris 419,425 inf.Tualis 426 Eiicori t«'S 384, 392 INDEX. 727 Page. Eucorites serescens 392 Eudiago^ns 475 eflbssus 480 fxauimis 479 Haxatilis 478 teiTosus 475 Eiignamptus 481 decemsatus 482 grandaevua 481 Euophrys 52 Eupha;a 125 Eurhimia occultus 28 Eurydtmia 453 Eiirjopus 71 Eurypaaropodidre 98 Eiirypatiropus 98 Eusarcoria 453 Euschistus antiqaus 454 Eutermea .104,106,111 croaticua 1 05 foaaaruni 105, 114. 115 meadii 105, 114,116 obscuius 105 sp 116 Eiizonua 43 Evagoraa 354 evanesceua (Neuioma) 196 eventa (Inocellia) 160 eversa (Clubiona) 63 evidena (Jasaopais) 312 eviratus (Polycentropus) 182 evocatus (Parattus) 54 evolata (Linniea) 399 evulsua (Lithocoria) 391 esaniraatua (Pavodanniatus). .. 423 exanimia (Epicitrus) 479 exeana (Polycentropus) 181 exita (Coretlira) 583 Exitelua 384,408 exsanguia 408 exoletum (Bembidium) 530 exaanguia (Exitelus) 408 exstirpatus (Cacalydus) 420 exsuca (AphaDtapbis) 254 essucca (Ephemera) 124 exauctiia (Ligyiocoria) 385 exaularis (AgrioD) 139 essulatutn (Labidaiomma). .. 212 exterminatua (Trapezouotua) .. 395 ext^rnatas (Litobrochua) 186 extincta (Melauotbrips) 371 extraneua (Litbocbronma) 404 Exyaton 609 faecatus (Fnscaa) 365 f;eculeutaa (Lygseua) 377 fecundum (Corydalitea) 149 feneatrata (Cyttaromyia) 575 Ficarasa 301 Ficaraaites 301 atigraaticum 301 fictilis (Choragua) 465 tiiubriata (Lithopsis) 300 (irmata (Tribocbryaa) 172 flabellum (Proai ara) 344 tlncoida (Agallia) 306 Plata 278.299 Flatida 299 Flegia 71 Flonsaantia 293 elegaDS 294 Pago. fodina) (Parotermes) 112 foeda (Heeria) 432 foliaruiu (Pentatomites) 462 Forciuella anuulipea 202 Foracula 204 albipennia 203 auricularia 202,203,211 bolcensis 202 minor 202 niinuta 202 parallela 202 priraigenia 202 recta 202 Forficularia problematica 203 Forficiilaria; 202 Formica 618 arcana 618 Formicid6 ; iunrnata (Palecpbora) 329 I inai;;uia (Parotermea) 108 j instabilia (Agallia) 307 iuteieinpta (Epbemera) 123 iuterglaciale (Lathrobiura) 506 iiiterita (Anyphienaj 67 iuuudama (Piolygicus) 406 irregularis (Elaphrua) 534 (Palaphrodea) 335 la^ca 3 14 lacbuorbyncbus 38I laopblebia 125 lasida 273 Isaua 307 lulidas 43 lulua 44 antiquus 43 eabulosus 43 telluster 44 terrestria 43 Ixodes 47 tertiariua 47 IxodidiB 47 Jasaida 302 Jassidea 302 Jassopaia 312 evidena 312 Jaasua 302, 308 latebia; 308 spiuicornia 308 Juniperua eommunia 468 juvenia (Rbyssa) 609 labatua ( Xecrocbromus) 407 labefacta (Pbrygauea) 197 labeDs {Labiduromma) 214 Labia luiuor . 202 Labidura 204 lithopbiia 213 riparia 209,210 terti.it ia 209 Labiduroroma 203 avia 2u5 bormanai 205, 206 commixtum 205,208 Labiduromma exaiilai um gilberti int'ermim labeDa litbophilum mortale SP tertiarium Laccobiiia , elongatus , Laccopbilua macalosus sp Laccopbrya lachlaiii (Bothromieromus) Lacbnua petroram quesneli lacua (Capsua) , LainiopbUeua Isvigatus (Pteroaticbus) lakeaii (DysagrioD) laminarum (Hracon) languens {Procropbius) languidus (Phtbiiiocoria) lapidarius (Polioscbistus) lapideacena (Bytbuacopus) lapideus (Eristalis) lapidoaa { Heeria) ... lapsus (Cacaly dus) larvata f^acbua) Lasioptera recesaa Lasius terreua lassa (Sbenapbis) latebrjc ( Jassus) latobroaa (Clubiona) Laterigradje Lathrobium absceasum elougatum grande iuterglaciale Latiudia Uititatua (Parattus) Lebia. lecoutei (Gymuetron). leei (Lyatra) Leiatotnipbua patriarcbicus Lepidocyrtus Lepidoptera Lepiama platymera aacchariua Lepismati*lae Leptobrocbua luteua Leptocerida? 92, Leptophlebia Leptoacelis Lept j'sma Leatea 125, coloratua iris leucoaia ligea peisiuoe vicina lesueurii (Oryctapbia) Page. 205, 212 205, 211 205, 214 205. 214 205, 213 205. 207 214 205, 209 513 513 517 517 517 007 104 243 249 250 369 502 528 132 606 383 415 461 305 558 432 419 145 600 COO 618 618 253 308 65 48,56 505 505 506 506 506 216 5o 513 471 283 507 507 100 29, 602 102 102 102 92. 102 179, 187 187 177, 191 118 411 223 126.127 126 127 127 127 127 127 267 INDEX. 729 Page. k'tiitu.-^ (Crvptochnimus) 409 leliia-us (Mesobrocbus) 188 lethal j;it us (PhihiiiocorJa) 415 lewisii (Agallia) 305 Libeliula 125,126 sp 146 Libellulidai 92,125.126 Libellnlina 92,135,126,145 Liburuia 288 Libytheioaj 29 ligalua (Polioschistus) 461 lignilurn (Anobiani) 492 Ligyrocoris 384,385 exauctus 385 limigeuus ( Matsoschistus) •--. 460 Limnobatida^ 339,340 Lininubina 28 Limnocbares 47 antiqiius 101,347 Liiunopbilida 92,177.178,192 LinmopbiliDa 574 LiniDOphilus 193 soporatua 193 Limnopayche 198 diapersa 199 LiinnotiTcbus 351 lirnosiis (Thlibomeuua) 450 Liuntea 384,396 abolita 397,398 carcerata 397, 398 evoUita 397.399 gravida 397,399 holinesii 397 putoaiui 397 Linyphia 51, 71, 75 cheiracantha 76 retensa 75 lutteuaia 75 Lioniftopuiii 617 liiDgue 617 LUtionotua 474 muratus 474 Lithadotbrips 372 vetuata 372 Lilbasi ion 125, 126, 127, 134 hvalinum. ]27. 135 umbratum 127.135, 136 Litbapbia 244. 257 diruta 258 Litbecphcua 329 diaphana 330 niurata 330,331 aetigera 330 unicolor 330, 331 Litbobiua 43 Lithochromua 384,402 extraneus 403,404 gaidneri 403 luortuarius 403,404 obatrictua 403 Lithocoria 384,390 evniaus 391 Litbomyza 600 cundita 601 lithnphilurii (Labiduroniiua).. . 213 Litbnpbyaa 566 luniulta 5()6 Litbopsia 299 elongata 300, 301 fimbriata 300 Litbortalia 540 Page. Litbortalis picta 541 Litbotorua 609 cresaoni 609 Litbymnetea 227 guttataa 229 Litobrocbus 179,186 exteroatus 186 Lobostnma 452 Locrites 323 copei 323 baidingeri 323 sp.(8e6expl.PI.19,F)g.l9). wbitei 323,324 Locusta 232 gtoenlandica. 230.232 occidentalis 232 ailena 232 Locustariaj 227 sp 234 Locustitea maculata 227 Louch^ea 539 seiiDsceus 539 vaginalia 539 Louchieidie 539 lougjBva (Apbienogaater) 615 Longipalpi 575 longipes (Ortbriocoiiaa) 430 Lopaiia 362 Lophoglosaua 529 Lophonotua 43 Lopbopida 278 Lopiis 362 Loriceia 533 C:erule8cen8 533 decempunctata 533 glacialia 533 liitosa , 533 Loriceriui 534 Loxaudnis gelidua 527 lutaria (Aphidopaia) 263 lutatiis (Eclytua) 614 liileiisia (Oliartis) '. 288 luteus (Leptobiocbiia) 187 luto.^a (LorictTa) 533 lutosus (Aiuelancon) 270 Lyco3oid;e 49,52 Lyctocoris 361 terreua 361 Lyga-aria 375 Lyga-ida- 342.374 Lygaiiua 374, 375 Lygaiitea 375 Lygjeua 376 fa;c»leiitU3 376. 377 mutilna 376 ob.solesceus 376, 377 Btabilitus 376 Lygua 302 Lyalra 282 leei 282, 283 ricbardaoni 282, 283 Macaria 62 macer (Thlibomenus) 451 maceriatu;* (('acoschistiia) ... 459 luacilenta (Eplieitur.i) 122 macreaci-riH ( IvbciKtcniis) 427 Macroceutriia 607 maculata (Cymatumtra) 230 (Palerpbora) 326 maculosa { Holuorpa) 174 Page. Malacodermata 28 maioillanua (Procydnua) 443 mai.ca (Sclomyza) 543 manium (Coptocbromus) 405 Hantida? 201 niarceus (Hydiopaycbe) 180 marcidua {DL-robrocbua) 185 margaruni (Apbidopais) 264 niarvinei (Palecpbora) 327 niasceacena (Agrion) 138 Matteoschiatua 453,459 limigenua 4fto raeadii(Eutermes) 115 Mecocephala 453, 459, 464 sp 464 meekii (Epeira) 83 Megalomua 164 Melanophora 62 MelaEotbripa 371 extiucta 371 Meloidje 28 Membracida 302 ileaobrochns 179, 188 imbeeillua 188, 189 lethseus 188 Meteorus 607 Metrobatea 352, 353 seternalia 353 Micrelytraria 418 Micromus 147.163 birtus 165 Microvelia 349 llicryphaotea 70 Midasida; 29 Milesia 555,557 quadrata ^,. 557 miDima t Rhepocorisl 429 minor (Oycbrus) 537 Miraria 362 Mills 361,362 Mizalia 51 Mnemosyue teireutula 2i"3 Monantbia 357,358 quadrimaculata 3-58 veterna 359 wolffii 358 Monophlebaa 241 pennatua 242 simplex 242 Mordelliflie 28 Mormoltu:oides articulatua. . . . 148 raortale{Labiduroniraa) 207 morticina (PalloptcrO 540 mortuariu.s ( Litbocbromua) 404 raortuellaiPaecadia) 603 moituua (Oxygon ua) 496 niudgei (Archilacbnua) 247 muIti3pinoaa(Tyrbula) 221 luuraia (Litbecpbora) 331 muratus (Listrunotas) 474 Musca 551 aacaridea 551 biboaa 552 bydropica 553 ap 553 vinculata 554 Mnacidffi 29,551 mutilata (ThaiDDotettix) 309 MutilliiUi' 30 Mycetopbila 588 occaltata 588 730 INDEX. Page Mycetophilidffi 28, 586 ap 599 Mycotretus 502 biuotatns 503 sanguinipenois 503 Myodocharia 383, 384 M yodochina 374, 383 M}opa 555 M y riapoda 43 Mymieleon 1'4'7 Myrnieleontiua 92 Myrraica 61^5 ap 615 MyrmicidEe 30, 615 My stacides 191, 194 Nabid.-e 339,340,341 Nanthacia '•^-^ torpida 224 Xaucoridae 339,340.347 Nebria 532 paleomelas 532 sahlbergi 532 Xecrochromua 381, 406 cockerelli 406, 4U7 labatus 406,407 sasificus 400,407 Necrocyduus 437,443 arayzonus 4U.446 gosiutenais 4:44, 445 revectas 444,448 senior. 444,447 solidatus 444.447 stygius 444.446 torpens 444. 445 Tiilcanius 444 Xecrops\lla 275,276 ri^ida 276 Xeeygouus 347 rotundatns 348 Xelimibium 149 Nematocera 568 N i-iuobius 234 ti-rtiarius 235 vittatus 235 Neotbauea 535 testeus .. 535 Nepbila 51.52,76,89 peunatipea 89 plumipes 90 Nepidas 339,340 Xcplicula 602 Xeurocorus 436 XeuroDia 196 evanescens 196 reticulata 196 semifasciata 197 Neuroptera 91 nigra (Steuovelia) 350 nigniin (Pteroatigma) 275 Xitidulid^ 27,499 nortoni {Taxonus) 604 Xosodendron 499 tritavum 499 uuicolor 499 NotUocbiyaa... 147,166,168, 169 fulviceps 169 Notipbilina 543 Xotonecta 346 emeraoni 346 Notonectidse 346 P age. Nyctopliylax 279 uhleri 279 vigil 279,280 Nyniphalidie 29 Nympbes 147 Nysius 377 stratus 378,380 teiTffi 378,379 tritua 378.379 vecula 378 vinctus 378 obdormitum (Diaplegma) 292 obduratua (Tetbneua) 79 obliqua ( Palaphrodes) 336 obliterata (Hypooliuea) 616 obnubilua (Poteacbiatua) 458 obacura (Palapbrod^-s) 335 obaolefactua (Capsus) 368 obsolescena (Lyga-us) 377 obsoletum (Staphylinites) . ... 510 obatiictus (Liibocbromua) 403 obtocta (Tettigonia) 304 obticesceua { Fulgora) 285 occultata (Mycetopbila) 588 ocrultorum (Diaplegma) 291 Ochyrocoria 241 Ocypete 56 Odonata 92,1^4 Odontocerura 191 CEoantbus 234 (Edipoda 223,225 cairuleacena- 224 fiacberi 224 germaii 224 baidingeri 224 melanoaticta 224 nigrofasciolata " 220,224 oeningeDais 224, 225 praitocata 225 (Edipodida; 220,223 CEatridaB...: 551 (Estrua 559 Oliarites 293 terrentula 293 Oliarua 287 lutenais 288 Onca 76 Uueuiylaria 362 Oncotylua 362 operta (Bydropaycbe) 180 opertaneum (Tberidintn) 73 Ophrysistes 477 cinereua 478 compactaa 4.7 Opiliouea 45 Opisthopbylax 56 OpakcBtus 355 OrbitelariEc 48, 76 Orchelimum 231 concinuura 231 placidum , 231 Oraillai ia 376 Ortalidaj 29, 540 Oi thoneiira 560 Ortboplilt'bia 172 Ortbops 362 Ortboptera 201 Ortborbapha 562 Ortbriocoriaa 419, 429 longipes 430 Page. Oryctaphia 244,266 lesuearii 266,267 recondita 266 Oryctoscirlctea protogaeos 28 Osmylua 146, 147 ,161, 162 pictua 162,163 requietus 162 oaten tata (OInbiona) 65 ostentus (P(tciIocapsu8) 369 Otiorbyiicbidx^ 475 Otiorhynohua 476 diibiua 477 perditua 476 sulcatua 477 tumbs 477 oustaleti ( Trox) 4B7 ovale {Anobium) 491 Oxycarenina 381 Oxygomia 495 niortuua 496 Oxyponis 595 atiriacus 505 Oxy teliis 593 pristinus 503 rngosus 594 Pacby coria 435 Paohymerus 384,400 faaciatus 397 poti enais 491 pulcbellua 397 Pachypsylla. 275 Pacbytylus 224 packardii (Dysagrion) 132 Paladicella 179,189 erupi ionis 189 Palffochryaa. 147, I66 Mtricta 166 Pal^Eocoria 411 Pahtodictyoptera , 103 Pala?otbripa 373 fossilia 373 Palajovelia 348, 349 spinosa 349 Pulapbioilea 333 cincta 334 irregularis 334,335 obliqua 334,336 obacura 334, 335 trausversa 334, 336 Palecphora 324 communis 326, 328 iiiornata 326, 3D9 inaculata ... 326 inarvinei 326,327 patefacta 326,327 priEvaleus 326. 329 Palembolus florigerua ... 29 palfomelaa (Xebria) 532 Paliugenia . 118,119 feistmanteli 119 Palloptera 540 morticina 540 paludigena (Tiuodes) 190 paludivaga (Bidetina) 594 Pamera , 385 Parapbagid;e 220 Panorpa 147,172,173,176 grai;ili8 174 nematogaster 175 rigida 176 INDEX. 731 Page. PanorpidiD 92,147. 172 Paralatindia 216 Hiiuasurfn 216 jMialU-lus {relmalrecUus) 353 Piiralvstra 319 Parandrita 501 cephalotus 502 Tcstita 501 Parattus 52, 53 evocatus 53, 54 latitatua 53,55 resurreclus 53 Parodarmistua 419,421 abscisaua 421,422 caducu.s 421,422 colli3U3 421.422 ilefectus 421. 423 exanimatus 421, 423 iobibitus 421,424 ParoUimi i nulls 28 ParopHocus 117 disjunct U9 118 Pai'Dleiines 106 fodiua- 105,108,112 liagenii 105, 108,110 insignia 105,108 paciitua (Hormiacus) 467 parvus (Thlibonienus) 449 p;itrfacta ( PalfC'pbora) 327 patens (Chimuomus). 580 patriarcbicus (Leiatotrophua) . . 507 Patnibus 530 gelatu.s 530 septentiiunis 53G Pauropida 98 pt-alei (Plecia) 585 I'elt'cinua 30 Pvlo^ouua 347 Peinpbiginrr 243 Peniplii>:u3 243 (iciinatipes ( Xcpbila) 89 pi'uuatus (Archilachnaa) 247 Pe[it:\toraa 435, 453 Peutatoinida 453 Pent atom ilia? 342, 433 Pentatuiuitea - 453,461 tollanim 462 Peiithetria ainiilkjimeeua 583 perditus ( ncbiis) 476 pert'iiiptud ( I'it'/.ororis) 417 pereunatua (Thliboraenua) 450 peritua (Piezocoria) 417 Perlina 92 Petalia 125 Petaliira 125 P'-tntus (Putbinocoria) 415 petrensi.s {Pacb>iueriis) 4l)l pplreua (TliHbnraeuus) 449 petrinua (Icbntniiiion) (iu8 Petrol.vstra 319 gitiantea ;j21 beros 321, 322 petrunim (Gerancou) ■ 249 Pliaua^ua 489 antiquus 489 camiftrx 489 pluto 4^9 Pbanei optf ra vetnata 227 Pliasiiiida 219 Pbenolia 499 groasa 499 Pbenolia incapax I 'age. 499 Pbidippua '. 52, 53 Pbilbydrua 512 primaiVQa. 512 ap 512 Pbilodrorainaiv 49, .50 Philogenia 126, 12it, 135 Philotarsus 117 Pblojocoiia 435 Pbl(B03inu8 468 PhlcBotbripa 371 PhrurioparatTa 384, 388 cbittenUeni 388. 389 wilaoni 388 Pbryganea 197 autiqua, 178, 194 blumii 178,194 corentiaua 193 geraudiaua 193 grandia 198 byperborea 91 labefacta 197 micacea 194 operta IbO Pliryganldje 92,177.195 Pbryuidaj 45 Pbthiuocoria 412,414 colligatiis 414 languidiia 414,415 lethargiciis 414,415 petrajus 414,416 Pbylluutocbeila cardui . Pbyllophorida; Pbylloptera Pby matidaj Pbyaapodea , Pbytocoraiia 357 227 234 220 371 362 Pbytocoris 361,362 iuvnlutua 363 Pliytoptua antiquus 47 picea (Galerucella) 485 picta ( Lithortalis) 54 1 PieriiiEB 29 Pieaiua 357 rotunda , 358 Piezocoria 412,416 compactilia 417 peremptua . 417 peritus 417 Pinipla 30,610 dt'Ceaaa 612 iuatigator 612 saxea CIO sL'uecta 611 pingue (Lionibtopuni) 617 I'ipuuL-ulidai y,f; Pirates 34 Piratina 334 placatua (Tuleoscbiatua) 457 placidutn (OrclKilimiim) 231 Plagiognalbaria 362 Planipennia 92,146 Planocephal us 94, 98, 347 aselloides 94 Plauopblcbi i 296 gigaulea ... 296 Platycnemis 125,127 autiqua 127 icarus 127 platymera (Li*piBuia) 102 Plalyriierla 354 Page. Platynufl 518 ca^aua . . 522 caaua 519 creniatriatua 519,520,521 di^auutua. .. 521 diaaipatus 521 lialli 520 baittii 522 hindei 520 rubripea 519,520, 521 Sfnes 519 variolatua 519 PJatypLziilie 555 Plecia 583 dejecta 586 P«alei 585 aimilkameena 583 Plceariina 354 Ploiaria 351^ 354 Podagrion ...125, 120. 127, 128,133 abortivuui 127,134 macropus 134 Podura xoo Podui idae 92 Pojcilocapaua 3^5 freniontii 365 oinatuUi.i 365 ostentus 36.5,369 tabidua 365.368 veterandua 365,366 veternoaua 365,367 Pceocera 278,279 Poliouiyia. 555 recta 550 Polioschistus 453, 460 lapidarius 460, 4G1 ligatua 460, 461 Polistea 30 Polyceutropus.. 177,180,181 eviratua 182 exesus 181 Polycloua 241 Polydeainua 43 Polypbaga 217,218 Polyxcuiia 43 pompatica ( Dt>nacia) . 486 Pompilidai 30 Ponorida.^ 30 populata { Fulgora) 284 poriionalis (Setoilea) 191 Potamantbus , 118 Poteacbiatua 453,458 obnubiliis 4158 prsft>cata (G^dipiida) 225 prajstrictum (Aporema) 370 pra?tectus { Rbepocoria) 427 pra'valeiia (Palccphora) 329 ( Rlu-piK-.oris) 427 precuranr {Apbddiua). 488 prnuji (Ca opaylla). 277 priiiia-vus (Pbilbydrua) 512 l)riini5;eniua (Teneljrio) 483 primigLMius (Ctereacorie; 394 priniitiva (Dicranotiiyia) 570 priinordialia {EnlimuB) 474 Prinecphora 332 balteata 332 priaconiargii.flta (Tettigonia) .. 302 priacoputida ( Anasa) 412 priacotiucta (Tettigouia) 303 priacovariegata (Tettigonia) ... 303 732 INDEX. Page. prisons (Anllierophagua) 501 pristiuus (Braca.\ tarsus) 466 {Osy telus) 503 proa Vitus (Culex) 582 proavus (Cixiiis) 287 procera (Brachypeza) 591 Prncoiia 384,392 bfchleri 393 srtuctirjohanuia 393 ProcT'iphiu.s - 381 foinmuuis 382 custalis 382 languen^ 382, 383 Procydims 437,438 (levictus 439,440 di vexus 439, 440 tatoui 439,442 iiiamillauu3 439,443 prouus 439 quietus 439,441 reliquus 439. 441 vesperua 439, 442 Proilysdera 61 Prolygiuus.. 384,405 iiumilatua 406 Prometopia 500 depilis 500 aexiuaculata 500 Pronemobius 234 iuduratua 234,235 smithii 234.236 tei tiarius 234, 235 Pronophlebia 573 rediviva 574 proDua (Procydnue) 439 Propetes 52 prnpiiiqua (SiphoDopboruides) 257 1>! opinquaDa (RUepocoi ia) . . . 429 Proai;;ara 343 liabelliira 344 Proteiior 419,424 imbecillis 424 Protoneura 327 Protophasmida 103 provectus (Hylobiua) 473 (Tetbueus) 81 Psecadia 602 mortuella 603 Pseudoiterla 219 Pseudophaua 278,285 Pseudopblttina 430 Pseudopbyllidffi 230 Pseudostigma 127 Pseudotbomiaua 56 Pdilota 561 tabidoaa 56 1 Paocina 92,117 Psocus 117 Psoqu ilia 276 Pftvlbi 275 Payilidai 275 jmylloidea (Dociraus) 314 Ps\ Iloi)8is 275 I'tiTosticbua 525 abro^atus 525 coraciuus 528 deatitutus 526 deatiuctus 527 dormitaua 526 fractua 527 gelidus 527 Page. Pteroatichus berculaneua 525 budaonicua ' 528 laetulus 526 laevigatua 528 patruelis 527 aayi 526 sp 528,529 atygicus 528 Pteroatigma - 244, 273 nig ruiu 273, 275 recurvum 273, 274 Ptinidai 28,491 Ptyclopterina 575 Ptyelas 333 pumicoaa (Ephemera) 122 punctulata (Stenopelta) 438 pUDCtulatua (Chlaenius) 517 putoami (Linuita) 397 Pyralid;e 29 Pyrrhocoriua 342,409 Pjrrboaoma 126, 137, 139 Pytbonissa 62 quad rat a (Milesia) 557 Quediiis 507 breweri 508 chamberlini 508 molofbinua 508 queaueli (Sbenapbis) 250 quietus (Procydnus) 441 rafiuesquei (Sipbouopboroidea). 256 Kaphidia 146,154 tiauquilla 154 Rapbidiidie 92,146,154 recesaa ( Laaioptera) 600 recisa ( Homalota) 509 reclusa ( Agatbemera) 219 recondila (Oryctaphis) 266 recta {Poliomyia) 556 recurvuiu (Pteroatigma) 274 rediviva (Pronophlebia) 574 EeduviidiB 354 Reduviiua 354 Reduvius 354 gutiatua 434 regularis (Elidiptera) 297 relictua (Hydiochua) 516 reliquata (Tapbacria) 226 reliquus (Procydnus) 441 repertua (Cratoparia) 466 requietua (Oamylua) 162 resurrectus (Parattus) 53 reautua (Thouiisus) 57 retenaa (Linypbia) 75 reticulata (Hammapteryx) 298 Retitelariae 48. 70 revectua (Necrocydnus) 418 revelata (Scioruyza) 542 reviviacena(Sycbnobrocba3). . . 268 revulaus (TbuetoscbiMtua) 458 Rbepocoria 419,426 macreacena 427 miuima . 427,429 prietectus 427 . praivalena 427 propiuquans 427,428 Rhipiphoridie 482 Rhipiphorus 482 geikiei , 482 Rbyacopbilidie 92, 177 Page. RhyncbitidjD 481 Rby ncbophora 28 Rhypamcbromaria 384 Rhyparocbrouius 361,384.400 teireua 361 verrillit 400 Rhyasa 30, 609 juvenia 609 Ricania 278. 297 Ricaniida 2'J7 richardaoni (Lystra) 2d3 Ricini 47 ligescena (Hclopborus) 516 rigida (Necrnpsylla). 276 (Pauorpa) 176 rigoratus ( Teleoschiatus) 456 rileyi (Cataneura) 245 robustua (Cydamus) 420 rostrata (Dicrauorayia) 571 rotuuda (Pieama) 358 rotundatus (Ntcygonus) 348 rotuudipeiini.s (Apbaim) 282 ruinoaum (Diaplegma) 292 nipta (^^ialia) 489 rusaelii (Tyrbula) 222 Rymosia 590 atrangulata 590 Sackenia 594, 599 arcuata 595 sp 596 Saicina 356 SaldidJB 339, 340, 3U Salticua 52 Salligradse 48,52 •sanctipjobannis (Procoris; 393 Sapiiuus 491 sauaaurei (Paralatindia) 216 aaxatilia (Epica^rus) 478 saxea (Piinpla) 610 aaxialis (Tropisternua) 515 aasicola (Gyropbaana) 509 aaxificua (Necrochromua) 407 aaxigeua (Bupreatis) 494 aaxosa (Cicadula). 310 Sbenapbia 244, 250 lasaa 250,2'i3 quesneli 250 ubk-ri 250,252 Scarabajidie 27.487 Schellenbergia .71 Scbizoneura 243 Sch'zoneurince 244,269 Scbizoneuroides 244, 269 scudderi 269 Sciara 580 deperdita S86 acopuli 588 ungulata 586 Sciarina , . . . 588, 595 Scioniyza 542 diajecta 540 manca 543 revelata 542 sp 546 SciomyzidiE 542 Sciopbila 597 liyattii 597 Sculia 30 Scolopendra 43 Scolopeudrella 99 IXDEX 733 Page. Scolopocerua 430 Scol,ytidpe 46S Scolytns rus;nlosua 469 acopiili (Sciara) 588 aciulcleri (St-liizoneuroides) 269 sculptilis (Tiopisternnti) 514 Sfutellerina 435 Scyllina 220 nigrofasciolata 220, 224 Scytodoiflaj 49 secesaa {Sej^estria) 61 secliisuiu (Thei-idiuin) 74 Heculorum {Tauyniecus) 475 Segestria 51,60,61 8f cessa 61 aenociilata 61 selwyni (Cercopia) 318 Semblia 148 senecia (Pinipla) 611 seneacens (Louch»a) 539 aenes (Platynua) 519 senilis (Delphax) 295 (Heteromy za) 547 senior (XecrocydDua) 447 aeparata (-Eschna) 144 sepositua (Carmelus) 364 septus (CbiroDOiims). 578 sepulchri ( Tipula) 578 sepulta ( Boletina) 593 { Buprestis) 495 aereacens (Eucoritea) 392 Serico'^tomidai 92, 177 setigera (Lithecpbora) 330 Setodea 191 abbreviata 191,192 portionalia 191 sexBtriatua ( Berosua) 513 SialidiB 92,148 Sialina 92,148 Sialis 152 Sialiutu 148 Siga 76 Sigara 343 silens (Locuata) 232 SilpbidiB 28 eirailkameeDa (Plecia) . 583 simplex: (Monopblebus) 242 (Spiladomyia) 573 (Tepbrapbis) 259 Siphonopboroidea 244, 254, 258 antiqua 255 propiuqna 255,257 rafinesquei 255, 256 simplex 259 Sisy ra 147 Sitodrepa 493 defancta 493 Sitooes graDda?vua 481 smitbii ( Pronemobius) 236 solitla (^scbna) 143 soUdatus {Necrocydnus) 447 aolidescens ( Didineis) 620 suranolenta (Inocellia) 157 soninurnus (Corizus) 434 sdporatus (Limnophilus) 193 soporua (Antbonomus) 472 Soaybiua 62 Spartocera 411 epelunca; (Tenor) 425 SperniDphafius vivificatus 28 Sphaeropaocua , 117,276 Page. Sphe2id» 30,620 Spiladomyia 572 simplex 573 spiDOsa (Pala'ovelia) • 349 apoliata (Tipnla) 577 Sponi:opbora 204 aqnalideiis (Kylaatea) 468 BtabiliUis (Lyga-ns) 376 stali {Telmatrocbus) 351 Stapliylinida- 27,503 Stapbylinites 510 obsoletum 510 Steitodon 227 Steneattns 52 Steuocinclis 563 anoniala 564 sp 565 Stenopamera 384,385 subterrea 386 tenebrosa 386 Stenopelta 437 punctulata 438 Stenopblebia 125 Stenojfoda 354 Stenopodina 354 Stenovelia 348,349 nigra - 350 Sterope 125 partbenope 127 atigmaticnm (Ficarasites) 301 stjgmosa (Dicranom>ia} 568 stiria (Donaciii) 486 atiriacua (Osyjiorns) 505 atranguluta ( Ry mosia) 590 Stratioray ida? 29, 566 stratus (Nysiua) 380 stiicta (Palaeocbryaa) 166 Stiidiilantia 239 styjiialia (Trapezonotus) 306 stygiua (Necrocydous) 446 aublerua (Apbidopsia) 261 subterrea (Steoopamera) 386 suffbcata (Cercopis) 319 Sycbnobrocbus 244, 26R reviviacens 268 Sympbyla 99 Symjdecta 575 Symi)vcna partbenope 127 Syphax 56 Syrbula 2il Syromaatea 411 Sy rpbidje 29, 557 ap 562 Syrphna 558,559 ap 559 Syatellonotus 362 tabidosa (Psilota) 561 tabidus (Ptecilocapaua) 368 tabifica(Epbemera) 120 tabitluus (Tiromerus) 402 Tacbina 554 ap 554 Tacbiuidse 554 Tacbydromidfo [see expl. P1.20, Fig. 9). tacita (Anatella) 589 Tagalis ' 356 Tagalodes 356 inermis 357 Tanymecus 475 seciilorum 475 ' Page. Tapbaciia 226 reltquata 226 Tarsophlebia 125 Ta-onua 604 noftoni 604 tecta (Tipula) 577 Tegeiiaria 68 TeU' basis . . . , V.\\) Teleoscbistus 453, 45 1 antiquus 454 placatus 454, 457 rigoratiia 454, 456 Telephorida' 28 telluris (Agrion) 140 tellu.ster (lulus) 44 Telraatrecbus 351 parallelus 351,353 .st&li 351 tenebricoaua (Copbocoria) . . 391 Tenebrio 483 molitor 484 primigeniiis 483 Tenebrionidjc , 28, 483 f enebroaa (Stenopamera) 386 Tenor 419, 425 speluncEB 425 Tenthredinidie 31,604 tenuis (Beroaua) 514 Tepbrapbis 244,258 aimplex 259 walahii 259,260 Tei ebrantia . . 604 Termea 103.104 peccaniB 104 pristinua 105 Term itina 92, 103 Teriuopsia 104, 107 terrie (Nysius) 379 terrentula (Oliarites) 293 terrestris (Cryptobypnus 497 terre a (Lasiua) 618 (Lyctocori^) 361 teirirohx (Diadocidia) .-. 598 terrigeua (CtTcyon). 510 Tf rritelaria3 48 terrosus (Eudiagogus) 475 tertiaria (Buprestis). 493 (Tetrai:uatba) 77 tertiarium (Labiduromma) 209 teitiarius (Ixodes) 47 (Prouemobiua) 235 testeuft (Neothanes) 535 Tethiieua 51,76,78 guyoti 78 bentzii 78,80 obduratus . 78, 79 provectus 78, 81 Tetragnatba 51,52,76,77 tertiaria 77 Tetragoneara 589 Tetrix gracilis 220 Tettigidie 202_ Teltigidea gracilis 220 Tettigonia 302 bella 303 obtecta 304 priscomargiuata 302 priscotincta 302,303 priacovariegata 302,303 Tetyra 435 Tbaleaaa 30 734 INDEX. Page. Thamnotettix 309 fundi 309.310 ganuetti 309 mutilata 309 Therapha hyoscianii 433 Therapboaoidae 49, 52 Xberea (ill TherevidfE ' 29 Tberidides 48. 49, Go, 70 Tlieridium 51,62,70,71,73 granulatnm 73 birtum 73 opertaneum 73 quadrigattatum GH aecluaum 73, 74 Thliboroeuus 437. 448 limosus 449, 450 macer 449,451 parrus 448,449 perennatas 449, 450 petreus 448,449 Thlimmosehiatua 453, 463 gravidatus 463 Thnetoacbiatus 453. 457 revulsu8 458 Tbomisiiles - 48, 49. 56 Thoiiiisus 51, 56, 57 defoaaua 57, 59 disjuuctua 57,58 reautua 57 Thyelia 70,71 Thy aauura 92, 94 Tinea 60J Tineida* 602 Tiaeitea 602 Tingiilidje 357 Tingia 357 (■ardui - 357 Tiuodes 190 paludigena 190 Tipula f 76 decrepita 576 sepulcbri 578 apoliata 577 tecta 577 Tiiiulid:e 28, 568 Tipulida? brevipalpi 574 Tipulida- longipalpi 575 Tiromerua 384, 401 tabifluua 401,402 torpefactua 401,402 Tiroachistua 453, 462 indurescena 463 Titanceca 51, 68 ,7R 1 Page. Titanoeca heaterna 68, 69 ingenua 6?, 69 quadriguttata 68 Toiuaapia 326 torpefactua (Tiromerua) 402 torpena ( Necrocy duua) 445 torpida (Nantbacia) 225 torporata (Calloniyia) 555 TortricidEB 29 trauquilla (Raphidia) 154 trans versa ( Palapbrodea) 336 transveraalia (Glypta) 613 Trapezonntus 384,395 L'Xteriuinatua 395 stygialia 395. 396 Trapezua 385 Tribocbryaa 147,166,168 firraaia 169,172 ineqnalia 169. 170 retuacula 169. 170 Tncbocera 574 Tricbouta 590 dawaoni 590 Tricboptera 92, 176 Triecpbora 315,320 Trigonidii 234 tiiguttata (Cboliila) 389 tritavum (Nosodendron) 499 tntua (Nyaiua) 379 Troctea 117 TrombididjB 47 Tropiducbida 278 TropistLTuua 514 biuotatua 515 mexioanua 514 aaxialia 515 aculptilia 514 Tnix . 487 oustaleii 487 terrestris 487 Truxalid.Te 220 Trypodendfon impreaaam 470 TubitelariiB 48, 60 tumba? (Otiorbyncbus) 477 tumulata {InocelUa) 158 tumulla (Litbopbysa) 566 Tyrbula 221 niultispinoaa 221 russelli 221, 222 iibleri (Nyctophylax) 279 (Sbenapbia) 252 urabratica ( Boletina) 593 umbratilia (Cercopites) 316 Page. umbratam ( Lit bagrion) 136 unicolor (Dyadercus) 410 ( Litbecpbora) 331 UroceridtB 31 TJrocteoidai 52 vanduzeei (Corixa) 344 VauoHaidi 29 vecula (Ny-siua) 378 velatua (Corymbitea) 496 Velia 348 currens 348 Veliidi© 348 venerabile ( Diaplegraa) 291 ventrioaa (Houiwogamia) 218 verrillii ( Rbyparocbromnaj 400 vesperua ( Procydnua) 442 Ve.spidiv 30 vestita (Paraudrita) ,501 veterana ( Inoci'llia) 156 voterandus ( Pfccilocapsua) 366 veterasceus (Diaplegraa) 290 vetrrna t Monantbia) 359 vetemosufi (Ptpcilocapsus) 367 vetua (Caniponotus) 619 vetuscula (Tribucbiysa) 170 vetust-a (Litbadotbripa) 372 vetuatua (Cryptocepbalua) 48"> vigil (Xyctophylax ) 280 vinctua (Xyaiua) 378 vinculata (Muaca) 554 Volucella 559 vulcanali3(Epeira) 86 vulcaniiis (Neorucyduna) 444 walsbii (Tephrapbia) 260 wbeatleyi (Cycbrus) 536 whitei (Locritea) 324 wilsoni (Pbrudupameta) 388 wyomingenais (Ccelidia) 313 Xenonioipha 566 Xipbidium 231 Xya 234 Xy lota 555 Xyaticna 56, 57 Ypaolopbua 602 insignia 602 Zetobora 217 brunneii 217 mouaatica 217 Zilla 70