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PART OF VOLUME XLIX

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
| Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and
| Anomura) Collected by the North —

Pacific Exploring Expedition,
ye 653-1856

BY

WILLIAM STIMPSON

SAE: INCR,

(No, 1717)

PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

| CITY OF WASHINGTON |
1907

ERR A aA

[Insert in Stimpson’s Report on the Crustacea Collected by the
North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, XLIX, 1907.]

On pl. vi, for 1a read 2a.

The figures numbered 1 on pl. xin and 1 on pl. xv should be inter-
changed.

On pl. xiv, figs. 5a and 5b should be inverted.

On pl. xvii, two figures are numbered 5; the lower one should
be 7.

On pl. xx1, figs. 2a and 2b should be inverted.

x ape
bas Pe

AE
nit
4

= eee ee eM a8)
UPR whe a pentane re og ten a

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

PART OF VOLUME XLIX

Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and
Anomura) Collected by the North
Pacific Exploring Expedition, —
1853-1856

BY

WILLIAM STIMPSON

CITY OF WASHINGTON
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
1907

WASHINGTON, D. C.,
PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER,

1907

INC.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

The North Pacific Exploring Expedition was sent out by the
Navy Department under an appropriation from Congress in 1852,
for “building or purchase of suitable vessels, and for prosecuting a
survey and reconnaissance, for naval and commercial purposes, of
such parts of Behring Straits, of the North Pacific Ocean, and the
China seas, as are frequented by American whale-ships, and by
trading vessels in their routes between the United States and China.”
The expedition set sail in June, 1853, and returned in 1856. Captain
C. Ringgold, U. S. N., was placed in command, but, being recalled
to the United States in 1854, he was superseded by Captain John
Rodgers, U. S. N. William Stimpson acted as zodlogist. After
leaving Norfolk the five vessels in service touched at Madeira, and
then proceeded to Hongkong via the Cape of Good Hope. On this
passage the sloop “Vincennes” and the brig “Porpoise” took the
more southerly route to Van Diemens Land, thence through the
Coral Seas, and by the Caroline, Ladrone, and Bashee Islands, while
the steamer “John Hancock” and the other two vessels of the fleet
traversed the straits of Sunda and Gaspar, the Carimata and Billeton
passages, and the Sooloo Sea. Subsequently the expedition ad-
vanced northward, continuing work along the coasts of Japan and
Kamchatka, in Bering Strait, on the coast of California, and at
Tahiti, returning around the Cape, lof Good Hope. Horn*

Of the vast collections obtained, it was estimated that the Crus-
tacea numbered 980 species.

A few years after his return to the United States, Dr. William
Stimpson became director of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and
moved to that place nearly all of the invertebrate material obtained
by the expedition and belonging to the United States Government.
Several preliminary papers had been prepared and published by him!
in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, when the collections with notes and drawings were destroyed by
the memorable fire, in 1871.° In a statement of losses sustained,® Dr.

*Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quz in Expeditione ad
Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwal-
adaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit W.
Stimpson.

* The above account is condensed from “Descriptive Catalogue of the collec-
tion illustrating the scientific investigation of the sea and fresh waters,” by
Richard Rathbun, published as Catalogue G of the Great International Fish-
eries Exhibition, London, 1883. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1883.

* According to Dr. Theodore Gill.

4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Stimpson enumerated the manuscript and drawings of the final
report on the Crustacea Brachyura and Anomura. After his death,
in 1872, however, this report was discovered at the Navy Depart-
ment, and was sent to the Smithsonian Institution, where it has re-
mained to the present time unpublished.t

In the meantime there are few students of the higher Crustacea
who have not felt the need of more light on those rare genera and
species known only from brief Latin diagnoses.

The following report has been treated as an historical document,
and is published substantially as it was written by the author, the
only additions being the references to his preliminary descriptions
and the footnotes giving the current or accepted name where it dif-
fers from that used by Dr. Stimpson. It is hoped that the value of
the descriptions will more than compensate for the antiquated
nomenclature.

Numbers corresponding to those in the preliminary papers have
been placed before each species for ready reference. ‘The illustra-
tions are from pencil drawings made, it is supposed, by Dr. Stimpson
himself.

The many gaps in the illustrations and the absence from text or
figures of any reference to the family Rhizopide are attributable to
the withdrawal of these parts by Dr. Stimpson.

Mary J. RATHBUN.

* Short extracts from the Maioidea were published in the Proceedings of
the United States National Museum, xv, pp. 276-277, pl. xt, 1892; XVI, pp.
95-103, pl. vit, 1803.

REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA (BRACHYURA AND ANOMURA)
COLLECTED BY THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING
EXPEDITION, 1853-1856

BY
WILLIAM STIMPSON

MAIOIDEA
MAIIDA:
Genus LEPTOPUS Latreille

1. LEPTOPUS LONGIPES* (Herbst) Latreille

Cancer longipes HERBST.

Leptopus longipes LATREILLE; GUERIN, Icon., pl. x, fig. 3.
Egeria Herbstii M1LnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 292.
Egeria longipes ADAMS and Wuivr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 7.

Among a large number of examples of this species collected by
the expedition, there are two adult males which differ so much in
the size and character of the chelopoda from the specimens ordi-
narily found, and those hitherto figured and described, that they
might well be taken for a distinct species. The carapax of one of
these specimens is I inch long and 0.85 inch broad. Proportion of
breadth to length, 1:1.17. The chelopoda are large and robust,
1.8 inches in length. Hands much inflated; fingers gaping pos-
teriorly ; movable one with a large tooth at its inner base.

In nine-tenths of the male specimens taken, many of which are at
least two-thirds as large as that above described, the hands are slen-
der and weak, like those of the female; this (immature) form is that
represented by Guérin’s figure. In the sterile females, which oc-
curred in equal numbers with the ordinary females and the males,
the abdomen is flattened and only two-thirds as wide as the sternum.

In all of our specimens the preorbital tooth is very small; the
orbits are interrupted above by two deep fissures, and below by one
wide fissure divided into two by a small tooth. The projections of

ne

, . . >
*Phalangipus longipes (Linnzus).

6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the carapax are rather tubercles than spines. In color the body is
light reddish above, mottled with white; below white; feet whitish,
annulated with red. The figure given by Milne Edwards in the
“Reegne Animal” is less characteristic of our specimens than that of
Guérin.

Dredged in the harbor of Hongkong, China, on a muddy bottom,
at the depth of 6 fathoms.

Genus DOCLEA Leach

2. DOCLEA GRACILIPES Stimpson
PraTe I, Fic. 1

Doclea gracilipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 216 [23],
1857.

The species of the genus Doclea have great resemblance to each
other in the shape and convexity of the carapax and in general
appearance. ‘The distinctions rest chiefly on the length of the feet
and the proportional size of the lateral and posterior spines.

In D. gracilipes the body is covered with a short but dense villous
coat, while the feet are less villous than is usual. The carapax,
when this coating is removed, presents a deep suture or groove sepa-
rating the stomachal, genital, and cardiac regions from the hepatic
and branchial portions, and passing around behind the cardiac,
separating this from the intestinal region. This groove is very
deep where it passes the stomachal and genital regions. The me-
dian dorsal line is armed with six sharp tubercles, increasing in size
posteriorly. The anterior three on the stomachal region are very
small; one at the summit of the genital is larger; that on the cardiac
becomes spiniform; and the posterior one, on the intestinal region,
is still larger, though stout, blunt, and only one-tenth as long as the
carapax. Of the four teeth usually described to be on the antero-
lateral margin of the carapax, the anterior one belongs to the margin
- of the pterygostomian region, being at a lower level than the rest;
in our species it is somewhat larger than the two following or inter- _
mediate ones; the posterior one, forming the extreme lateral spine,
is very long (equaling in length more than one-sixth the width of
the carapax), sharp, and curved forward. Besides the spines and
teeth already mentioned, there are seven or eight slight tubercles on
each side at the stomachal and branchial regions, only to be seen
after the removal of the villous coat. The postero-lateral slopes are
entirely smooth. The rostrum is but little longer than broad, slit
for half its length, the horns being sharp. It is longitudinally

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE |

4

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

Dy ar ee

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 7,

grooved above, as is usual in the genus. The arrangement of the
orbits and antenne is as usual. There is a small spine at the ex-
terior base of the basal article of the external antennz; another
larger one at the anterior angle of the buccal area, and a small one
between this latter and the large pterygostomian tooth. The ptery-
gostomian region is depressed, but not channeled. There are two
sharp tubercles on the sternum between the bases of the feet of the
second pair. The feet generally are long and slender; those of the
second pair more than twice as long as the carapax; chelopoda of
very small size, slightly villous, with a few scattered long hairs.
Finger and thumb denticulated within and contiguous for the ter-
minal half their length. Abdomen of male seven-articulate, narrow-
ing rather abruptly at the fourth segment ; there is a protuberance on
the second segment.

The body is of a dirty yellowish or hay color, mottled with black.
Feet annulated with orange. Dimensions (spines included) : Length
of carapax, 0.95; width, 1.02; proportion, 1: 1.07; length of a foot of
the second pair, 2.2 inches.

It resembles D. muricata Edw., but has no visible spines on the
branchial regions, and the feet of the second pair are more than
twice as long as the body. The two lateral spines are much longer
than in D. rissonii.

It was found in considerable numbers in the vicinity of Hong-
kong, China, occurring in 20 fathoms, gravelly mud, outside of the
passages, and in 6 fathoms, mud, in some of the inner bays.

3. DOCLEA CANALIFERA Stimpson
Pirate I, Fic. 4

* Doclea canalifera Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 217
[23], 1857.

This species is remarkable for the depressed pterygostomian chan-
nels just without the maxillipeds. The whole surface, with the ex-
ception of the tips of the tarsi and the fingers, is covered with a
dense villous coat concealing all but a few of the more prominent
spines. ‘The interregional groove and the spines and tubercles of
the carapax are in number and position nearly the same as in D.
gracilipes, except that there is an intermediate tubercle between the
genital and cardiac spines. The terminal posterior spine is very
slender, somewhat curving upward, and in length a little more than
one-tenth that of the carapax. The posterior of the antero-lateral
spines or teeth is larger than the others, slender, and in length about

8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

one-ninth the width of the carapax; the pterygostomian spine is the
smallest of the four. ‘The parts about the head are nearly the same
as in D. gracilipes, except that the forks of the rostrum are rather
more slenderly pointed, and there is no tooth between the pterygos-
tomian tooth and that at the anterior corner of the buccal region.
The external maxillipeds nearly reach the bases of the internal an-
tennz, thus almost entirely concealing the epistome. ‘The pterygos-
tomian region is depressed so as to form a deep channel leading for-
ward from the afferent branchial openings. This channel is bounded
externally by a high, sharp ridge fringed with long hairs. The feet
are stout; those of the second pair shorter than twice the length of
the carapax- Chelopoda more slender than the other feet and not as
long as the carapax; the fingers slender, minutely denticulated within
and contiguous throughout their length. Color brownish above and
below ; smooth tips of dactyli red.

A single specimen only (a male) of this species was taken; its
dimensions (including the spines) are: Length of carapax, 1.65;
width, 1.50; length of posterior spine, 0.17; of lateral spine, 0.17;
length of a foot of second pair, 2.54 inches.

Taken in the dredge with a mass of Echini from a muddy bottom
at the depth of 20 fathoms, off Tamtoo Island, coast of China, near
Hongkong.

Genus CHIONGICETES Kroyer

4. CHIONG@:CETES BERINGIANUS* Stimpson

Chionecetes behringianus Stimpson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, 84,
Feb., 1857; Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 440, 1857.

Peloplastus pallast GERSTaCKER, Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, XXII, 105,
plaeshioeigre

Gersteecker has given an excellent figure of this species in the
Archiv fur Naturgeschichte for 1856, but his paper does not appear
to have been published before April, 1857; our name has, therefore,
priority. The entomologist of Berlin does not seem to have been
acquainted with Kroyer’s genus Chionwcetes, to which the species
certainly belongs; in fact, it is most closely aliied to the type, C.
opilio.

This species was found in Bering Strait and northward as far
as the expedition penetrated, many specimens having been dredged
by Captain Rodgers. It also occurred to the southward of the
strait as far as Matwi Island. It is found only in deep water and

* Chionecetes opilio (O. Fabricius).

NOILIGAdX3a ONIYOIdXS O1dIOVd HLYON SHL JO SAVYO
a

ae

alana

DI

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; eke

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 9g

on bottoms more or less muddy. In a living state it was of a light
brick-red color above, often iridescent ; below yellowish-white ; sides
of feet shining white. The posterior feet are short. The dimen-
sions of the carapax of a large female are: Length, 2.57; breadth,
2.72 inches.

In Gersteecker’s figure the surface of the carapax posteriorly and
the upper sides of the ambulatory feet are represented as much more
rugose than in any of our specimens.

Chionecetes is evidently nearest allied to Hyas, although probably
a higher form. In young specimens the resemblance to Hyas is
easily noticed. yas chilensis should probably belong to it. It has
considerable resemblance in general appearance to Salacia of the
opposite extremity of the American continent, of which it may be
considered the analogue.

Genus HYAS Leach
5. HYAS LATIFRONS‘* Stimpson

Prats II.

Hyas coarctatus StTIMPSON (non L&AcH), Crust. and Echin. of the Pacific
shores of N. America, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vr, p. 450, 1857.

This species differs from H. coarctatus, of the North Atlantic, in
the following characters, which are found to be constant upon exam-
ination of numerous specimens of both forms: The body is thicker
and much broader anteriorly across the post-orbital apophyses ; the
angles are all more obtuse. The dorsal surface is marked with
fewer tubercles, which are also much larger and more obtuse, most
of them being rather swellings than warts. The rostrum is shorter
and less acute; and the superior fissure of the orbit is always closed,
its margins overlapping.

It is subject to considerable variation in some of its characters,
particularly in the greater or less approximation of the forks of the
rostrum, which may be so closely appressed against each other as to
overlap, or may diverge so as to leave a narrow V-shaped space be-
tween. They diverge most in the young. The feet and inferior
surface of the body are densely hirsute in some individuals and quite
smooth in others. The color is a dusky brick-red above, whitish
below. The dimensions of a male from the Arctic Ocean north of
Bering Strait are: Length of carapax, 2.85; greatest breadth, 2.12;

*Hyas coarctatus Leach.

10 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

greatest postorbital breadth, 1.75; breadth at constriction, 1.59
inches.

This species was found by us in great numbers in all parts of the
North Pacific Ocean north of the parallel of 50°. The following
localities may be mentioned: Sea of Okhotsk; Awatska Bay and off
Chepoonski Noss, coast of Kamchatka; off Matwi Island; in Ber-
ing Strait, and in the Arctic Ocean. It occurred on all kinds of
bottom, from low-water mark to a depth of 50 fathoms or more.
Among several hundred specimens of this species not one of H.
aranea was found, although this latter species is said by Brandt to
occur in the Sea of Okhotsk.

The specimens from the waters of Awatska Bay, which are some-
what brackish, do not differ from those taken in the open sea.

Brandt, in the Zodlogy of Middendorff’s “Reise in den Sibiriens,”
part I, page 79, describes a Hyas from the Sea of Okhotsk, which he
considers a variety (alutaceus) of H. coarctatus. He states, how-
ever, that it differs from the Atlantic form in the somewhat more
strongly granulated (starker chagrinirte) upper surface of the cara-
pax, in the broader posterior side of the body, and in the broader
hands. ‘These characters are certainly not those of our species,
and for this reason we have not applied to the Pacific form the name
alutaceus. In some of the larger specimens the surface is indeed
granulated to some extent, particularly at the summits of the swell-
ings; but specimens of ordinary size are always much smoother than
any from the Atlantic. It is not impossible, therefore, that there is. -
still another species in the North Pacific.

Genus MICROPISA Stimpson

Micropisa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 217 [24], 1857.

It has been found necessary to institute a genus for the reception
of a small Pisa-like crustacean which was taken in considerable
numbers at the Cape de Verde Islands. It has a short and broad,
ovate carapax and flattened rostrum. The orbits are much less
complete than in Pisa, and have a single fissure above. It resembles
Scyra in many respects, but the external antennz are not concealed
beneath the rostrum. The outer maxillipeds resemble somewhat
those of Pisa; but the outer angle of the almost heart-shaped third
joint is strongly projecting; and there is no notch for the reception.
of the fourth joint; the palpus is broad.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION IL

6. MICROPISA OVATA Stimpson
PLATE Labiee ssa

Micropisa ovata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx, p. 217 [24],
1857.

In this little crab the carapax is rather depressed, and but little
longer than broad. The regions are sufficiently prominent, but gen-
erally smooth and rounded; there are, however, three inconspicuous
protuberances on the genital and three on each branchial region.
Surface pubescent, the more prominent portions often surmounted
by a few curled setze. The antero-lateral margin is swollen, but with-
out teeth; except that immediately behind the post-orbital tooth and
a small conical one at the lateral extremity of the branchial region.
The chelopoda of the adult male are robust ; the meros toothed along
the angles ; the hand smooth, somewhat compressed, and surmounted
above by a ridge. Posterior four pairs of feet pubescent ; the meros
with a small tooth at the summit and one or two near the base.
Length of carapax, 0.4; width, 0.38 inch.

Several specimens were taken in the harbor of Porto Praya, Cape
de Verde Islands. They were dredged on a nullipore bottom at the
depth of 20 fathoms.

Genus TIARINIA Dana

In addition. to the characters given by Dana as defining this well-
marked group, the following may be added. The palpus of the ex-
ternal maxillipeds is very broad; but little less than three-fourths as
broad as the ischium or second joint; the antero-exterior angle of
the meros is consequently much produced. As in many other genera
of Maioids, the fingers of the chelopoda are in contact throughout
their length in the young, but touch each other only at their tips in
the adult; the dactylus bears a strong tooth within near its base. In
Tiarinia the preorbital spine is more prominent than the tooth of the
basal joint of the external antennze, projecting over and concealing
it; in Pericera, on the contrary, the antennal tooth is more promi-
nent than the przeorbital.

It has been usual to place Pericera and its allies near the Mene-
theine, along with Halimus and Pugettia, on the ground of the
non-retractility of the eyes. But the eyes should scarcely be called
non-retractile, when, as may be seen in any wet specimen, they are
really more completely retractile than in any other genus of Maioids,
and may be drawn in so far as to be completely hidden. It is true
that this is not a folding back, as in Hyas and Jnachus, but a direct

12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

withdrawal into a sheath. Pericera is nearly allied to Pisa; in fact,
P. bicorna is placed by some naturalists in one genus and by others
in the other. The peculiar character of the orbit, however, seems to
warrant the establishment of a new family thy sion for the reception
of this genus and Tiarinia.

7. TIARINIA CORNIGERA (Latreille)
Peas UO ey a

Pericera cornigera LATREILLE, Encyc., X, 141.
MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 335.
ApAMs and Wuit#, Zodlogy of the Samarang, Crust.,
18.
?Tiarinia cornigera DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 110, pl.
Wik; thy Ge
Our specimens differ from those described and figured by Dana
in having, at the summit of the intestinal region, one very large and
two inconspicuous tubercles, instead of three of equal size. They
are also much larger, some being nearly two inches in length.
They are found on the reefs at low-water mark, and were collected
at the Amakirrima Islands by the officers of the steamer “John Han-
cock” and by myself at Loo Choo and Ousima.

8. TIARINIA DEPRESSA Stimpson
PPAnE well Hane s2
Tiarinia depressa STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx, p. 217 [24],~
1857.

Carapax in shape much like that of T. cornigera; proportion of
breadth to length, 1: 1.5; form depressed; upper surface with tuber-
cles less numerous and more flattened than in the cornigera. There is
a small marginal spine on each side at the branchial region, above
which an are of four depressed warts extends around the side; the
first (posterior) one largest, and placed a little behind the level of
the trituberculated cardiac protuberance; the fourth, and smallest,
is near the anterior extremity of the branchial region, with a still
smaller one before it. A submarginal channel of some depth
passes around behind, above the intestinal region. Posteriorly, at
the upper or intestinal margin there is a subtriangular median
tubercle, with a smaller trilobate one on either side of it; on the
lower margin there are four small tubercles. On the stomachal
region there are three warts in the median line, the anterior one
smallest, and placed some little distance before the others, with a
wart on either side of it; behind the posterior one there are two

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 13

warts placed close together. The ambulatory feet are depressed,
smooth above, their edges not spinulose, but sparsely fringed with
stout clavate sete. Only one specimen of this species was taken—
a sterile female—the dimensions of which are: Length, 0.77; breadth,
0.52; length of a foot of second pair, 0.67 inch.

In the characters of the rostrum, orbits, etc., our species much
resembles 7. cornigera. ‘The tooth at the external angle of the
basal joint of the external antennz is, however, less prominent than
in that species, and the rostrum curves upward at its slender tip,
where the horns are slightly divergent. It is more depressed than
T. tiarata; the forks of the rostrum are less divergent ; the przorbital
spine less prominent, and is wanting in the woolly hairs character-
istic of that species.

The specimen was taken at the island of Ousima, which forms one
of the chain connecting southern Japan with Loo Choo.

g- TIARINIA SPINIGERA Stimpson
Pratn Wb bres )3

Tiarinia spinigera Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 217 [24],
1857.

Carapax somewhat elongated, the greatest breadth excluding
spines being considerably less than the postorbital length. Upper
surface not very convex except at the well-developed gastric region;
cardiac region with three tubercles at the summit, placed as usual in
the genus; on either side of this on the branchial regions there
are three sharp, erect spines, the outer one being lateral, a little
larger than the others, and somewhat inclined outward. There is a
single longish clavate seta at the summit of each spine. Upper pos-
terior margin with seven small spines, the middle one largest at the
summit of the intestinal region; lower posterior margin also with
seven spines, but of much smaller.size. The sides of the carapax,
including the hepatic regions and the posterior half of the upper sur-
face, are covered with small, sharp tubercles occupying the inter-
spaces between the spines and larger warts, while the gastric region,
and parts adjacent on either side, although irregularly protuberant,
are nearly smooth. Rostrum sharp and very slender, in length
equaling two-thirds the interorbital width; horns contiguous
throughout their length. Przorbital tooth prominently salient, very
slender and sharp, curved upward; a single closed fissure separates
it from the somewhat prominent postorbital tooth. The basal article
of the external antennz is broader than long; its antero-exterior

14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

tooth lies close beneath the przeorbital tooth, and helps to form the
deep tubular orbit, which encloses the eye as in a sheath. The edges
of the rostrum and of the external antennez are, as usual, ciliated;
and there are some few crispate sete on the prominent parts of the ©
carapax anteriorly and at the sicles.

In the feet of the anterior pair the carpus and meros are sparingly
spinulose above. The ambulatory feet are almost smooth; those of
the first pair in the female are scarcely as long as the carapax. The
abdomen in the female is tomentose.

Two specimens only of this species were found, both females.
The dimensions of the largest are: Length of the carapax, 0.79;
breadth, including spines, 0.57 inch.

This species occurred at the islands of Ousima and Tanegasima,
of the southern Japanese chain.

to. MICIPPA HAANII Stimpson *

Micippa thalia Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 98, pl. xxitt, fig. 3.
Micippa Haanu Strmeson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci: Phila., 1x, p. 217 [24],
1857.

The Japanese specimens of this species are said by De Haan to
differ from the original specimens of Cancer thalia, described by
Herbst, in wanting the two spines on the posterior margin of the
carapax, and in having a spine on the meros of the ambulatory feet,
near its superior extremity. On all of our specimens from the Chi-
nese Sea the characters are the same as those found in De Haan’s
figure and description, while none present the above-mentioned char-
acters of C. thalia. Nor do they agree with the description of
Herbst’s specimen given by Gerstecker in the Archiv fur Naturge-
schichte, vol. xx1r, p. 109. Under these circumstances we have been
led to consider the species distinct and to propose a new name for
De Haan’s crustacean.

M. thalia Krauss, which inhabits the coast of South Africa, seems
also distinct from the Herbstian species.

11. MICIPPA SPINOSA Stimpson
Prats I, Fie. 2
Micippa spinosa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx, p. 218 [24],
1857.
Body depressed ; proportions of the carapax, breadth to length, as
I to 1.3; upper surface uneven, crowdedly tuberculated and setose.
Spines of the back few in number, but long and slender, with blunt

* Micippa thalia (Herbst).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 15

extremities. There are three spines on the median line, two of
which are on the gastric region, and one, the largest of all, on the
cardiac. A large spine on each side on the branchial region, between
which and the postorbital tooth, on the lateral margin, there are
nine spines, irregular in size and distance. Posterior margin spin-
ulose, three or four spines near the middle being larger than the
others. Rostrum inclined at an angle of 45°, and bent at its extrem-
ity into the vertical plane; it is dilated at the extremity, the corners
being broadly rounded and minutely crenulated; at the middle there
are two diverging teeth. Ocular peduncles rather short, in length
little more than twice their diameter. Orbit with two fissures above,
the inner one closed, the outer open, separating the postorbital tooth.
The pterygostomian regions are full convex, tuberculated, and not
setose. The third joint of the outer maxillipeds is greatly expanded
at its antero-exterior angle; the second joint 1s marked with a longi-
tudinal furrow near its outer margin. The basal joint of the outer
antenne is very broad; its anterior tooth short, with nearly smooth
margin; second joint oblong, compressed, with the margin ciliated
with long hairs. Chelopoda equaling the carapax in length, smooth
and glossy, fawn-colored, with white bases; carpus and hand minutely
and obsoletely granulated ; fingers with black tips. Ambulatory feet
compressed, thickly hairy; the meros with a small terminal spine
above. Color of the body pale reddish, rendered indistinct by an
accumulation of sordes retained by the setee. Dimensions: Length
of the carapax, 0.75; greatest breadth, 0.59; distance between tips of
postorbital teeth, 0.45; length of first pair of ambulatory feet, 0.86
inch.

Specimens of this species were dredged on a muddy bottom in six
fathoms, in the harbor of Sidney, or Port Jackson, Australia.

12, MICIPPA HIRTIPES* Dana

Micippa hirtipes DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 90, pl. 1,
ng. 4.

The following description is drawn up from specimens preserved
in spirits; it may be useful, as Dana’s specimens were dried. The
body is moderately depressed; carapax minutely and somewhat un-
equally tuberculated above, without spines, except a small one at the
branchial region on each side, and a marginal one in front of this;
these are continuous with the series of teeth on the antero-lateral
margin. ‘The posterior margin is denticulated with granular tuber-

"Micippa philyra (Herbst).

16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

cles somewhat larger than those of the surface, the median two being
larger and dentiform. The antero-lateral margin curves upward a
little and shows nine minute teeth, two of which, in the depression
between the hepatic and branchial regions, are much larger than the
others. ‘The superior margin of the orbit is two-fissured. The eye-
peduncles are exposed throughout their length, and fully reach the
tip of the tooth formed by the external angle of the orbit. Rostrum
broader than long; its upper surface with two convex ridges; ex-
tremity broader than the base, and four-toothed, the middle teeth
being short, triangular, and blunt, the lateral ones sharp and curved
upward. The movable part of the antennz is at the base of the
rostrum, separated from the orbit only by the narrow, projecting,
terminal edge of basal joint, which, seen from above, forms a slender
tooth. Below, the surface of this basal joint is smooth.

The upper surface of the body is hairy; the ambulatory feet
densely so; hectognathopoda also hairy. First pair of ambulatory
feet long. Dactyli much curved. The dimensions of a female speci-
men are as follows: Length of the carapax, 0.59; greatest breadth,
0.48 inch; proportion, 1: 1-23; length of first pair of ambulatory feet,
0.64 inch.

Our specimens differ somewhat from Dana’s figure in the greater
prominence of the tooth of the basal joint of the antennz, which
projects so as to appear conspicuously above. The species is, how-
ever, undoubtedly the same. It approaches M. philyra in character,
but is more hairy, the margins with smaller teeth, the teeth of the
rostrum shorter and the outer ones recurved, and the movable part
of the antenna not widely separated from the orbit. It has also some
resemblance to VW. platipes Ruppell, but has not the sharp terminal
rostral teeth of that species.

Our specimens were taken at the islands of Loo Choo and Ousima.
Those of the U. S. Exploring Expedition are from Tongatabu.

Genus NAXIA Milne Edwards

13. NAXIA DICANTHA*®* De Haan
Naxia dicantha D& Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 96, pl. xxiv,
fig. 1.

In living specimens of this species the body is covered with sordes ;
when cleaned it is found to be of a yellowish-brown color above and
below, the feet annulated with pale purplish-brown. ‘There is a great
diveisity in the size of the hand and the shape of the fingers shown

' Halimus diacanthus (De Haan).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

PLATE Ill

. aed
a i
Hectaed
=

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 17

between large males and those of ordinary or small size, as men-
tioned by De Haan. ;

The diversity in the shape of the rostrum in Naxia serpulifera and
N. dicantha does not seem of sufficient importance to warrant a
generic separation. The deep orbits, with peculiar fissures widening at
the bottom, are characteristic of both, although in NV. dicantha the
inferior fissure is much broader than in the other species. There is,
however, in the Japanese species a notch in the margin of the meros
of the hectognathopod at the insertion of the carpus, while in JV.
serpulifera, judging from Guérin’s figure, that margin is entire.

Na.xia dicantha was taken by the expedition at the following local-
ities: Hongkong harbor, abundant on shelly bottoms in 10 fathoms;
Northern China Sea, in 20 fathoms; Kagoshima Bay, Japan, in 20
fathoms, shelly bottom.

Genus SCYRA Dana

14. SCYRA COMPRESSIPES Stimpson

Pate III, Fic. 4
Scyra compressipes STIMPsoN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx, p. 218
[25], 1857.

Carapax irregularly ovate; proportion of breadth to length, I :1.27
(rostrum and lateral spines included). It is rather depressed pos-
teriorly, well contracted between the hepatic and branchial regions.
Gastric region ample, rounded above, and nearly smooth, with the
exception of two or three minute tubercles along the median line
and one on either side posteriorly. There is a sharp tubercle on each
side at the hepatic region, and a short, sharp spine, extending hori-
zontally and somewhat curving forward at the summit of each
branchial region. Cardiac and intestinal regions rather small and
only moderately elevated. Posterior margin with a slightly prom-
inent tubercle at the middle. Rostrum scarcely as long as broad,
laminiform, scarcely contracted at base; horns shorter and less acu-
minate than in S. acutifrons. Preeorbital tooth prominent and acute,
but rather short. Parts about the head below much as in S. acuti-
frons. The tooth forming the external angle of the orbit is deeply
concave below, leaving the orbit at that point widely interrupted.
Margin of the pterygostomian region with three small, obtuse, lobe-
like teeth; a deep sinus separates this margin from that of the side
of the carapax. Feet all much compressed. Meros of chelopoda
four-sided or prismatic, obtusely tuberculated along the angles;
superior edge with blunt teeth near the base, and one prominent

2

18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

sharp tooth near the extremity, being one of three large teeth sur-
rounding the insertion of the carpus. Superior and inferior edges
of ambulatory feet somewhat setose; the penultimate joints of these
feet, however, are smooth and slender. In this and the other known
species of the genus the sete are stout and clavate in form.

The dimensions of a sterile female are: Length of carapax, 0.65;
greatest breadth, 0.51 inch.

This species was dredged in the harbor of Hakodadi, Island of
Jesso, Japan, on a bottom of weedy sand, at the depth of 6 fathoms.

Only one other species of the genus is known, S. acutifrons Dana,
which inhabits the opposite coast of the North Pacific.

Genus DIONE, De Haan
15. DIONE AFFINIS'* De Haan

Dione affinis DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, 94, pl. xxu, fig. 4.

The only specimen taken is young, the dimensions of the carapax
being: Length, 0.57; greatest breadth, 0.41; breadth between pre-
orbital spines, 0.35 inch. Proportion of this interorbital breadth to
the length, 1:11.02.) Uhis proportion im De Haanis neture is i s@3:
Our specimen differs from those described by De Haan in its more
depressed form, its narrower and smoother carapax and broader
front. There is no tooth within at the base of the movable finger
and none on the outer base of the hand. The horns of the rostrum
are longer than in the adult D. affinis, and the abdomen of the male
is not dilated near the base.

Having no opportunities of comparing our specimen with the
young of the species to which it is here referred, we do not venture
to consider it distinct.

It was taken in a harbor on the northwest coast of the Island
of Ousima.

Genus MITHRAX Leach

16. MITHRAX SUBORBICULARIS®* Stimpson
IDL Na IW, JE, i
Mithrax suborbicularis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 218
[25], 1857.
This species belongs to the division “Mithrax transversaux”’ of
Milne Edwards. The following description is taken from a sterile
female, the only specimen found. Carapax rounded, not narrowed

* Schizophrys aspera (Milne Edwards).
*Cyclax (Cyclomaia) suborbicularis (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 19

anteriorly ; length and breadth equal; margins dentated with teeth of
moderate size. Gastric region broad and convex. Upper surface
with about thirty small, nearly equidistant prominent warts; the
interspaces granulated. Rostrum formed of two small, sharp, trian-
gular, diverging horns, outside of which, on either side, project three
slender spines belonging to the anterior margin of the basal joint of
the antennze. Eyes large. Superior margin of orbit with two deep
fissures and three teeth, the middle one of which is short, truncate,
with a trifid clove-like apex. The tooth at the external angle of the
orbit is rather long and sharp, curving forward; immediately behind
this there are two teeth on the antero-lateral margin just in front of
the hepatic constriction. Behind this constriction on the lateral
margin of the carapax there are six teeth, the posterior ones very
small, and placed rather above than on the margin. At the posterior
extremity of the shell there are two small blunt submarginal teeth.
Outer pterygostomian regions with granulated surface, upon which
arise a few tubercles. Hectognathopoda and the adjoining trian-
gular surface smooth and ungranulated. Fosse of the inner an-
tenne excavated in the inferior side of the horns of the rostrum.
Chelopoda small, slender, smooth, and glossy. Ambulatory feet
hairy above; three of the joints spinulose; below smooth. Those of
the posterior pair nearly smooth above.

The color in the preserved specimen is white, tinged with reddish-
brown. Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.8; greatest breadth, the
same ; breadth between tips of the larger spines of the antenne, 0.4;
between tips of the spines at outer angle of orbit, 0.57 inch.

It was taken at Selio Island, Gaspar Straits, by Mr. L. M. Squires,
of the steamer “John Hancock.”

Genus CAMPOSCIA Latreille
17, CAMPOSCIA RETUSA Latreille

Camposcia retusa LATREILLE, Régne Anim., 2d ed., Iv, 60. Guértn, Icon.,
pl. rx, fig. 1. Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 283, pl. xv, figs.
15, 16; Cuv. R. Anim. Crust., pl. xxxu, fig. 1. ADAMS and WHITE,
Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 6.

The specimen is a fully developed female. It is covered with a
thick growth of ulv@, indicating the sluggish habits of the species.
The abdomen does not appear to have been described; it is seven-
articulate, depressed, suborbicular, but longer than broad, with a
transverse convexity at the middle of each joint, forming a low
median ridge, less conspicuous on the first and last joints. The
terminal knobs of the rostrum are only the extremities of two slight,

20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

longitudinal, minutely nodulose ridges on its upper surface; between
them there is a small tooth or point projecting downward, formed
by the emargination. In our specimen the postorbital tooth seems
less strong than in Milne Edwards’s figure (Hist. Nat. des Crust.,
pl. xv, figs. 15, 16), and there are no warts on the gastric region.

Dredged from a weedy and sandy bottom in 2 fathoms, in a har-
bor of Ousima.

Genus ACHA*SUS Leach

18. ACHAAUS JAPONICUS De Haan

Acheus japonicus DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 99, pl. xxix, fig.
3. ADAMS and WHITE, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 5.

In our specimens the spines of the ocular peduncles are obsolete,
and the falciform dactyli of the posterior feet are much curved, form-
ing nearly a semicircle.

Taken in the harbor of Hongkong, China.

19. ACHAZZXUS LACERTOSUS Stimpson
Lean) INL, We, 7/

Acheus lacertosus St1MPson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 218
[25], 1857.

The following description is taken from an adult male: Carapax,
triangular; proportion of breadth to length, 1:1.8; regions suffi-
ciently prominent; surface smooth and slightly pubescent, without
spines. A small, flattened, wing-like projection at the hepatic
region. Rostrum as long as broad, with bilobate extremity; its
upper surface two longitudinal convexities corresponding to the
deeply excavated fosse below. External antenne hair-like, longer
than the body. Peduncles of the eyes smooth. Chelopoda very
large, resembling considerably those of Myctiris; they are somewhat
longer than the body ; meros much swollen and larger than the hand,
with two granulated ridges below and one above, the latter bearing
also two small spines; carpus with a small tubercle or spine at the
summit near its articulation with the meros; there are a few rather
long hairs at the inner angles of the carpus and meros; hand some-
what curved, with the fingers small, slender, compressed, and curved,
touching each other throughout the length of their denticulated inner
edges. The chelopoda are separated below at their baSes by a wide
depressed space. Ambulatory feet exceedingly slender; those of the
first pair longest and nearly three times as long as the body. Feet
of the last two pairs with much-curved falciform dactyli; the penult

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 21

article subcylindrical and slender. Abdomen consisting of six seg-
ments, all of which are exposed by the shortness of the carapax pos-
teriorly ; extremity broad. Dimensions of carapax: Length, 0.385;
breadth, 0.325 inch.

This species was dredged on a muddy bottom in 6 fathoms, in the
harbor of Port Jackson, Australia.

Genus ACHZOPSIS Stimpson

Ache@opsis STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 219 [25], 1857.

In this genus the general appearance resembles that of Acheus,
and the terminal joints of the feet of the posterior three pairs are
falciform. As in Eurypodius, the eyes are retractile, but without
orbits, and the external antennz are not concealed beneath the ros-
trum. The antennulary fosse are very large, and excavated in the
under side of the horns of the small bifid rostrum. The basal joint
of the external antenne is narrow and placed almost in a vertical
plane, as in Leptopodia.

20. ACH/EOPSIS SPINULOSUS Stimpson

12 Aas) IO, Te Ss Gee?

Ache@opsis spinulosus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 219
[25], 1857.

Description of a developed female. The carapax is rather thick
and convex above, the sides rounded; the regions not strongly de-
fined, and rising but little beyond the general surface. The surface
is minutely and inconspicuously pubescent. The spines on the upper
surface of the carapax are all small, about equal in size, and very
sharp and slender; there are three on the gastric region, one placed
posteriorly in the median line, the other two on the sides between the
median and the postocular spines. The somewhat protuberant
summit of the cardiac region is unprovided with a spine, but there
are two on each branchial region. Four minute spines on the hepatic
region and a few placed along the inferior lateral margin of the
carapax. The rostrum is rather longer than it is broad at its base,
and divided for more than half its length, with the horns acute.
The small, sharp preocular spine points obliquely upward and for-
ward. The ocular peduncles in length equal about half the inter-
orbital space ; they bear a slight tooth inferiorly in front and a minute
spine at the summit of the eye. The narrow basal joint of the ex-
ternal antenne curves upward and slightly outward at the base of

Ze SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the rostrum, and is denticulated along the edge. The surface of the
external maxillipeds is ornamented with subspiniform and _ setose
granules, except at the longitudinal sulcus of the ischium-joint; the
exposed surface of the palpus is also granulated. Chelopoda rather
large, even in the female, and nearly one-half longer than the cara-
pax; they are everywhere spinulose above, except on the fingers of
the hand, which are smooth, curved, with their inner margins con-
tiguous, _inconspicuously denticulated. Ambulatory feet hairy,
somewhat irregularly and minutely spinulose above; terminal joints
in the posterior three pairs short, not greatly curved. Dimensions:
Length of carapax, 0.36; breadth, 0.28; length of first pair of ambu-
latory feet, 0.67 inch.
Dredged in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope, in to fathoms.

Genus STENORYNCHUS Lamarck

21. STENORYNCHUS PHALANGIUM' (Pennant) Milne-Edwards

Cancer phalangium PENNANT:
Cancer rostratus LINN#US, Fauna Suecica, No. 2027.
Macropodia phalangium LeacH, Zool. Misc., pl. 1.
Stenorynchus phalangium MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 279;
Cuva RevA mime Crusteepla xcexvantionns:
Stenorynchus rostatus Breit, Brit. Crust., p. 2. Litjeporc, Ofvers. af
Kongl. Vet.-Ak. Forhand., 1855, p. 118.
This species was dredged in 15 fathoms, sandy bottom, off the

town of Funchal, Madeira.

22. STENORYNCHUS FALCIFER® Stimpson

ews JUL lane,
Stenorynchus falcifer Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IX, p. 210
[26], 1857.

Body rather slender, but high and rounded; carapax minutely
pubescent ; proportion of breadth to length, 1: 1.79. There are two
long erect spines on the upper surface. one at the summit of the
gastric, the other on the cardiac region; there are also a few small
spines or sharp tubercles on the sides of the body. Rostrum con-
stituting more than one-fourth the length of the carapax, and very
slender, composed of two acicular horns, contiguous throughout
their length, and so closely pressed against each other that one is
usually crowded up over the other, as if twisted. External antennz

* Macropodia rostrata (Linnzus).
* Macropodia falcifera (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 23

not concealed beneath the rostrum; basal joint lateral, or in a vertical
plane, with a small spine at the inferior face. Antennulary fossz
large and wide. Eyes saliant, with a sharp minute spine at the
summit. Chelopoda in the female and young male hairy and some-
what spinous; meros with a long spine at the summit; carpus with
two spines ; hand much curved, fingers forming half the length of the
hand and denticulated within. Ambulatory feet slender, rather
smooth, with a few scattered hairs; a strong spine at the summit of
the meros in each pair. Dactyli of the posterior two pairs of feet
falciform, as in the genus Acheus. Color, brick-red. Dimensions
of a female: Length of carapax, 0.61; breadth, 0.35; length of ros-
trum, 0.19; of first pair of ambulatory feet, 1.75 inches.

It has considerable resemblance to S$. phalangium in many of its
characters, but the two large dorsal spines at once distinguish it.
‘The terminal jciats of the last two prirs of feet are falciform, a
character not to be found in diagnoses of the genus, but we may ob-
serve a strong approach to this form in the posterior dactyli of
S. phalangium and some other species.

Taken among sea weeds, etc., in 12 fathoms, on a sandy bottom, in
Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

Genus LE.PTOPODIA Leach
23. LEPTOPODIA SAGITTARIA* (Fabricius) Leach

Inachus sagittarius Faprictus, Suppl., 350.
Leptopodia sagittaria LkacH, Zool. Misc., u, pl. uxvir. Miner Epwarps,
Elist. Nat: des) Crust, 1, 276:
This species was dredged in 30 fathoms off the south side of
Madeira. It is found on the shores of Florida and the West Indies,
and is said by Brullé to occur at the Canary Islands.

Genus PERINEA Dana
24. PERINEA TUMIDA Dana

Perinea tumida Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 114, pl. rv,
Noa:

Our specimens agree well with those of Dana, except that in the
male the pincers are much smaller and less gaping, while the size of
the carapax is the same; this may, however, result from a difference
of age and development.

Taken from branches of Madrepora, found below low-water mark
near Hilo, Island of Hawaii.

* Stenorynchus sagittarius (Fabricius).

24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PUGETTIA Dana

Having secured specimens of two species of Japanese Maioid
crabs, referred by De Haan to the genus Menethius, we find them
perfectly similar, in all characters which may be considered generic,
to the Pugettie of the North American coast. The range of the
genus, therefore, extends throughout the North Pacific. In addition
to the characters given by Dana for the genus, we may mention the
following: There is no postorbital spine, other than that forming the
anterior angle of the hepatic expansion. The pterygostomian ridge
is denticulated. There is a small tuberculiform tooth at the exterior
base of the first joint of the antenne. The chelopoda are very large
in the male.

The lyrate form of the carapax, with two angular projections on
either side, otherwise without spines, is quite characteristic. The
body of the female is more swollen above than that of the male.
The species are generally very clean and neat for Maioids, and free
from pubescence.

25. PUGETTIA INCISA‘* (De Haan) Stimpson

Menethius incisus DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 98, pl. xxiv,
fig. 3. ApAMs and Wuitr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 20.

This seems to represent P. gracilis. Recent specimens are of a
reddish or chestnut color above, white below; pincers brown, tipped
with white.

It differs from P. quadridens in the less projecting and much less
concave hepatic expansions; also in the smaller chelopoda of the
male. The fingers of the hand are contiguous almost throughout
their length.

It was found on a sandy and weedy bottom, at the depth of 6
fathoms, in the Bay of Hakodadi, Japan.

26. PUGETTIA QUADRIDENS (De Haan) Stimpson

Menethius quadridens Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 97, pl.
Xx1v, fig. 2. Apams and Wuirts, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 20«

Living specimens are of a sea-green color, with the abdomen
speckled with white. The species represents P. Richw of the Cali-
fornian coast.

It was found among sea weeds dragged up from stony bottoms,
at the depth of 1 and 2 fathoms, on the coast of China, near Hong-

* Pugettia quadridens (De Haan).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 25

kong; also on fuci at low-water mark in the harbor of Simoda,
Japan.

Genus MENA*THIUS Milne Edwards

27. MEN/ZATHIUS SUBSERRATUS‘ Adams and White

Menethius subserratus ADAMS and Wuiter, Voy. Samarang, p. 18, pl. Iv,
fester MANA NU.) SE xpli iH xped Crust set225 ple nvestiew7

This species would seem scarcely to differ from M. monoceros,
judging from Ruppell’s figure, which is a fair representation of
some of our Chinese specimens. But the members of this genus are
greatly variable and a great number of specimens is required for
their accurate determination.

It was taken by the expedition at Hongkong, China, and at the
Amakirrima Islands.

It is also reported from the Philippine, Fiji, and Samoan Islands.

28. MENZZXTHIUS DENTATUS* Stimpson
PLATE III, Fic. 6

Menethius dentatus SIMPSON, ‘Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx, p. 219
[26], 1857.

This species has much resemblance to M. subserratus, but the lat-
eral teeth and the tubercles of the dorsal surface are much more
prominent than in any specimens of that species which have come
under our notice. The following description is taken from an adult
male: Proportion of breadth of carapax to length, 1: 1.5. Depres-
sions between the regions deep. The cardiac region is very prom-
inent and ample, occupying one-third the width of the carapax.
Lateral teeth sharp and subtriangular ; the two teeth on the antero-
lateral margin prominent, projecting well over the sides of the cara-
pax, and bilobate, with the anterior lobe smallest. The two tubercles
on the gastric region are sharply protuberant and covered in front
with crispate sete. The surface is elsewhere clean, with the excep-
tion of a slight pubescence on the sides and a dense pilosity on the
rostrum. Interorbital space rather narrow, very smooth and flat,
with the exception of the bituberculate anterior extremity of the gas-
tric region. Rostrum rather long, curving a little upward toward the
extremity. Przeorbital teeth very long, pointing forward in a longi-
tudinal direction. Chelopoda large; the hand rather compressed ;

*Menethius monoceros (Watreille).
* Menethius monoceros (\Latreille).

20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

fingers short, contiguous at the denticulated exterior third of their
length; a broad, blunt tooth at inner base of dactylus. Ambulatory
feet rather smooth, glossy; two small setiferous teeth on upper side
of meros; sometimes two or three points on the thick carpus.
Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.84; of rostrum, 0.25; of chel-
opod, 0.96; breadth of carapax, 0.56; interorbital width, 0.2 inch.

Taken at the Amakirrima Isles, near Great Loo Choo, by the offi-
cers of the steamer “John Hancock,’ Captain Stevens.

29. MENZTHIUS DEPRESSUS‘* Dana
Menethius depressus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 121, pl. 1v, fig. 6.

The specimens taken are all of small size, although somewhat
exceeding in dimensions those described by Dana. The color is a
uniform light-green above and below. Eyes black.

Taken on sargassum from rocks near low-water mark at Loo
Choo.

Genus ACANTHONY*X Latreille
30. ACANTHONYX DENTATUS*®* Milne Edwards

Acanthonyx dentatus MiLNe Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust. 1, 343-
Krauss, Sudafrik. Crust., p. 48.

Living specimens are of an olive color. Found on seaweeds from
12 fathoms, sand, in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope. —

Genus EPIALTUS Milne Edwards

31. EPIALTUS PRODUCTUS Randall

Epialtus productus RanpatL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vit, Ito.
DANA Us Shp raped. Crust ase) plenvie heme qeES TENteSONe
Crust. and Echin. of the Pacific shores of N. America, Bost. Jour.
Nat. Hist., vi.

Found near San Francisco, Cal.

* Menethius monoceros (Latreille).
* Dehaanius dentatus (Milne Edwards).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 27

PARTHENOPIDA,

Genus KFURYNOME Leach
32. EURYNOME LONGIMANA Stimpson
IDL ANS ID, TEC,

Eurynome longimana Strmeson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 220
[26], 1857.

Carapax with the regions distinct, but not deeply separated; pro-
portion of breadth to length, 1:1.38. Upper surface rugose, the
rugosities consisting of rounded flattened warts somewhat irregular
in size, and sometimes confluent. A large triangular tooth behind
the orbit, at the hepatic region; five teeth on the branchial region,
four of which are marginal or submarginal, and one erect at the
center of the region. ‘Two small spines on the gastric region. Car-
diac region rather prominent, oblong. Posterior margin with a
slight protuberance on each side. Rostrum deeply bifid; horns long
and sharp, somewhat divergent. Orbits and antennee much as in
E.. aspera, except that the superior orbital fissure is not open. Hec-
tognathopoda roughly granulated. Chelopoda of male nearly twice
as long as the carapax, granulated and somewhat spinous; hand
rather slender, with three or four stout spines toward extremity on
superior inner margin. Pincers deflexed. Ambulatory feet bicar-
inate above, the carinz most distinct on the meros, where they are
each 3 to 4 toothed.

In the female the carapax is pubescent and more convex than in
the male; the chelopoda are very short, and the hand scarce twice
as long as broad. |

Colors: Carapax above dull red; feet whitish or variegated with
pale red; eyes small, black.

Dimensions: Male, length of carapax, 0.47; breadth, 0.34; length
of rostrum, 0.12; of chelopod, 0.8 inch; female, length of carapax,
0.39; of chelopod, 0.3.

Dredged in to fathoms, on a rocky bottom, among Gorgonie, etc.,
in False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus LAMBRUS Leach
33. LAMBRUS RUGOSUS* Stimpson
PLate IV, Fic. 3

Lambrus rugosus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 220 [27],
1857.

Carapax nearly as long as broad, with very irregular and partly
tuberculated surface; front with a deep, smooth, longitudinal con-
cavity. An irregularly tuberculated ridge extends on either side
obliquely across the branchial region to the posterior of the lateral
teeth, enclosing a rather broad and depressed area, in which the
granulated cardiac region forms a slight eminence. Beneath the
ridge on the branchial region there are three principal tubercles.
Lateral margin with about ten teeth, the first at the hepatic edge,
rather prominent; the next eight very small, but sharp and deeply
cleft, minutely denticulated, and about equal in size; the posterior
tooth elevated and separated from the rest by a short space, large
and conical, with a denticle on each side at its base. Posterior mar-
gin with four or five very small, distant tubercles only. Rostrum
oblique, longer than broad at base, tapering, but with rounded ex-
tremity ; a minute marginal tubercle at its base on each side. Chelo-
poda of moderate length, rugose, and tuberculated above; meros
with two sharp teeth on the front edge. Hand with the upper sur-
face sloping inwards and broadest at the middle, the keels not being
parallel; three large tubercular teeth on outer keel, the third being
at the insertion of the dactylus; six small teeth on inner keel, the
middle one sharply prominent, the others less conspicuous. Inferior
surface of chelopoda nearly covered with tubercles, which are
smooth, rounded, equal, and but little elevated; of these there are
four rows on the infero-exterior surface of the hand. Five or six
small teeth on the triangular space at the superior base of the dac-
tylus. Ambulatory feet nearly smooth; a few small spines on the
superior edge of the meros.

In the young female the gastric and branchial regions are more
deeply separated; the rostrum is shorter and blunter and the tuber-
cles less numerous on the inferior surface of the chelopoda.

The dimensions of a male are as follows: Length of carapax,
0.34; greatest breadth (at the small ninth or penultimate lateral
tooth), 0.35; length of rostrum, 0.07; of chelopod, 0.5 inch.

* Parthenope rugosa (Stimpson).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 29

Dredged off the harbor of Porto Praya, Cape de Verde Islands, in
20 fathoms, among nullipores.

34. LAMBRUS LACINIATUS’* De Haan

Lambrus laciniatus Dk HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 91, pl. xxi, figs.
2, 3. ApAMS and Wuirts, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 20.

Recent specimens are of a reddish or yellowish-brown color above,
paler and sometimes whitish below. Hands tipped with a dark
mahogany color.

Young specimens, the carapax of which is not over two-thirds of
an inch in length, are much smoother than the adults, with few
tubercles on the surface of the body and none on the flat faces of
the chelopoda. The teeth on the margins of the carapax and hands
are small, little projecting, and scarcely denticulated.

This species is very common in the seas adjacent to the shores
of Southern China, particularly about Hongkong. It inhabits
muddy bottoms in from 5 to 20 fathoms. One specimen was taken
in 25 fathoms, shelly bottom, near the middle of the Northern China

Sea.
35. LAMBRUS TUBERCULOSUS* Stimpson
Prate IV, Fic. 4

Lambrus tuberculosus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 220
[27], 1857.

In form, length of arms, and general appearance this species is
similar to L. validus. Proportion of length to breadth of carapax,
1:11.21. Branchial regions separated from the median ones by pro-
found depressions. Surface above everywhere covered with small
flattened tubercles of nearly equal size. These tubercles are gener-
ally smooth on their flattened upper surfaces, and are each sur-
rounded by a ring or crown of granules, thus resembling the pavilli
of some kinds of starfishes. Two or three along the median line are
larger and more prominent than the others. Lateral margin of the
carapax with ten serrated and granulated teeth, the first one a slight
lobe at the hepatic region; the posterior two very much larger than
the others, sharply projecting, and ramose on all sides with denticu-
lations. Beneath and within the posterior one there is a much
smaller one of similar character. Posterior margin with three gran-
ulated knobs, the middle one smallest and trilobate. Front deeply

*Parthenope laciniata (de Haan).
*Parthenope tuberculosa (Stimpson).

30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

concave above; rostrum subtriangular and pointed, with its sides a
little concave. Surface of hectognathopoda and of the pterygos-
tomian regions roughly granulated. Chelopoda with strong, acute,
granulated teeth along the keels; teeth varying in size, eleven on
the outer and ten on the inner keel of the hand; upper surface of
meros and hand also with two intermediate rows of granulated
tubercles, either subspiniform or rounded. Infero-interior surface
of chelopoda also tuberculated; the tubercles small, flattened, ar-
ranged in three or four longitudinal rows. Ambulatory feet very
small and weak, compressed, and spinous above; spines in three
rows, one at each edge and one along the middle of the upper sur-
face; dactyli smooth. Dimensions of the single specimen found, a
male: Length of carapax, 0.66; breadth between tips of lateral teeth,
0.8; breadth excluding these teeth, 0.67; between elbows of chelo-
poda, 1.8; length of hand, 0.8 inch.

The species is found living in company with L. laciniatus, to
which it has considerable resemblance, but the character of the very
numerous tubercles on the surface of the carapax and arms wiil
serve to distinguish it.

Taken in 15 fathoms, on a bottom of shelly mud, near Hongkong,
China.

36. CRYPTOPODIA CONTRACTA Stimpson
PLATE IV, Fic. 6, 6a

Cryptopodia contracta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1x, p. 220
[27], 1857.

In this species the carapax is smaller, with less lateral expansion
and greater convexity than in any yet described. These and other
points in its general appearance indicate an approach to Lambrus.

Carapax triangular; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.45.
Lateral angles truncated. Front concave along the median line;
rostrum of the usual form, and nearly horizontal, but blunt and
smoothly rounded at the extremity. The antero-lateral margin is
concave behind the orbit, there being a slight contraction at the
hepatic region; behind this point the margin is waved to a minute
tooth at the anterior end of the lateral truncation, and crenulated,
the crenulations about nine in number. The posterior margin is
straight and obsoletely crenulated.

The upper surface of the carapax is strongly convex across the
branchial regions, the posterior slope being nearly perpendicular
and covered on the sides with depressed tubercles. Cardiac region
convex, but not rising so high as the branchial region on either side.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 31

Around and particularly in front of the cardiac region there is a
depression. At the summit of the small gastric region four obtuse
ridges meet in a slight transverse ridge, the two anterior, less con-
spicuous ones being those of the front; the two posterior ones more
strongly marked, enclosing the median depression, and reaching to
the branchial eminences. Chelopoda rather long; hand subprismatic,
robust, with the superior crest six-toothed, the outer keel granulated ;
under surface somewhat convex and regularly tuberculated with
stout, flattened tubercles showing a tendency to arrangement in four
or five longitudinal rows, those of the outer row smallest. Lower
surface of meros also tuberculated. Ambulatory feet compressed,
ischium and meros with two spinous keels beneath. Abdomen and
sternum with an eroded or somewhat vermiculated surface, but
neither granulated nor spinulose.

Color of the animal a dusky orange or light brownish; fingers
pale brown. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.38;
breadth, 0.55; between the elbows, 0.83; length of one of the chelo-
poda, 0.65 inch.

Taken on a bottom of shelly sand, in 25 fathoms, in the China Sea,
about the middle, at latitude 23°.

Genus CRYPTOPODIA Milne Edwards
37. CRYPTOPODIA FORNICATA (Fabricius) Milne Edwards

Parthenope fornicata F ABRIcIvs.

Cryptopodia fornicata MiLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 362. D&
Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 90, pl. xx, fig. 2. Dana, U. S. Ex-
ploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 140. GurppBes, Proc. Elliott Soc., 1, 32
(wood-cut). Vix Apams and Wuirte, Voy. Samarang, Crust., pl. v1,
fig. 4.

The living animal is cream-colored, with small purplish-brown
dots above. Below white, with a pale rose tint. Red puncte on
the inferior surface of the posterior projecting shield of the carapax.

The specimen figured by Adams and White belongs most probably
to a distinct species, for the pustulation of the surface in Parthen-
opoid crabs rather increases than diminishes with age, and the
short, thick chelopoda represented are quite different from those of
the young specimens taken by us.

Cryptopodia fornicata occurred not unfrequently in the harbor of

Hongkong, on shelly bottoms, at the depth of about 10 fathoms.

32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus A*THRA Leach

The large basal joint (basiocerite) of the external antennz in this:
genus is not soldered to the adjacent parts, but is movable as in
Ceratocarcinus. ‘This adds another character to those mentioned by
De Haan as approximating it to the Parthenopide. The two genera
are also similar in their short and broad epistome, and the ridges of
the palate. Future researches may indicate that they, with one or
two other genera, form a group distinct from both Parthenopide
and Cancride.

38. AX THRA SCRUPOSA (Linneus) Milne Edwards

Cancer scruposus LINNAEUS.

Asthra depressa LAMARCK, An. sans vert., V, 265.

43thra scruposa MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 371; Cuv. R. A.,.
Di ONE Moe GUERIN Nlcome ply Sci mi eee sts COE RE EAAN EOC aclu
p. 81.

Taken among the islands of Gaspar Straits by Mr. L. M. Squires,.
of the “John Hancock.”

Genus CKERATOCARCINUS Adams and White

Dana was the first to give the essential characters of this genus,
and to point out the remarkable fact that the basal joint of the an-
tennz is not soldered to the adjacent parts, as in other genera of
Parthenopide, and, in fact, almost all Brachyura. This observation
we are enabled to confirm from examination of full-grown speci-
mens. ‘The joint is flattened, and, fitting closely in the cavity which
receives it, does not interrupt the general surface; so that it is only
by the application of force that its mobility is discovered. The
“coxocerite” containing the organ of hearing is very small and placed
close below the basal joint. The eyes are retractile.

Harrovia of Adams and White agrees in all essential characters
with Ceratocarcinus. In the orbits, antenne, gnathopoda, and in
general appearance they are nearly the same. In their diagnosis of
Harrovia the authors do not even mention the characters which are
of most importance in a generic point of view, their description
being confined to details of shape, granulation of surface, dentition
of margin, etc. Why they should place the crab among the Leuco~
side it would be difficult to decide.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 33

39. CERATOCARCINUS ALBOLINEATUS’* (Adams and White)
Stimpson

Harrovia albolineata ADAMS and WHITE, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 55,
pl. x11, fig. 5.

Ceratocarcinus albolineatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., rx,
p. 221 [27], 1857.

Carapax hexagonal in shape, the frontal side being only half the
length of the antero-lateral and the posterior side about equal in
length to the postero-lateral. Tront very slightly convex, emar-
ginate at the middle, the emargination being at the termination of a
longitudinal groove or impressed line on the surface of the carapax.
On either side of the front a sinus or fissure separates it from the
sharp subtriangular przorbital tooth, which projects but very
slightly, if at all, beyond the frontal margin. The eyes are retractile,
although short and not very mobile. Orbit with two closed fissures
above and two notches below. Antero-lateral margin four-toothed
(including the angle of the orbit, which is prominent) ; the posterior
or extreme lateral tooth is strongly projecting. The postero-lateral
and posterior margins are smooth. Dorsum somewhat conyex,
nearly smooth, the regions scarcely defined. A small setose emi-
nence on each side of the gastric region, and one on each branchial
region just within the lateral tooth. These are not connected by
transverse lines in my specimens, although such lines are mentioned
by Adams and White. Surface minutely tomentose and granu-
lated; the granulation sharpest and most distinct on the antero-
lateral teeth. Chelopoda stout, more than twice as long as the cara-
pax, irregularly granulated; meros with two or three short spines on
each side above near the base; carpus with a single small tubercle
or spine at the middle of the inner margin; hands smooth, enlarged
toward the fingers, which are one-third the length of the hand, and
are deflexed as in Eurynome. Ambulatory feet minutely and
smoothly tomentose, without spines excepting a small blunt one at
the summit of the meros.

Colors: Carapax and ambulatory feet pale reddish; pubescence
dusky brownish; hands red.

Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.35; breadth, 0.44;
length of a chelopod, 0.96 inch.

Dredged in the harbor of Hongkong, China.

* Harrovia albolineata Adams and White.

a

Jd

34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

ONCINOPIDA#
Genus ONCINOPUS De Haan

40. ONCINOPUS SUBPELLUCIDUS'* Stimpson

Oncinopus subpellucidus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. rx, p.
221 [28], 1857.

This species is of a soft structure and somewhat translucent in
life, the shell being very thin. Surface everywhere pubescent.
Color yellowish-brown.

It is very closely allied to O. aranea De Haan, but seems to differ
in the more slender penultimate joints of the first and second pairs
of ambulatory feet; the hair on the feet generally is much longer ;
the rostrum is more deeply emarginated, and the carapax is more
expanded at the hepatic regions behind the eyes. From O. neptunus
Adams and White it differs in the more slender terminal and penul-
timate joints of the ambulatory feet.

The dimensions of a male are: Length of carapax, 0.48; breadth
posteriorly, 0.36; length of ambulatory foot of first pair, 1.45 inches.

Found on soft sponges dredged from a muddy bottom, in 6 fath-
oms, in Port Jackson, Australia.

CANCROIDEA
CANCRIDAL
Genus CANCER (Linneus) Leach

The reasons given by Bell? for following Leach in applying the
Linnean name for all crabs to the group called Platycarcinus by
Milne Edwards are good, and the name is thus used by most recent
carcinologists.

The geographical range of the genus is in the cold temperate zone,
and not the “hotter parts of America,” as stated by Bell. The spe-
cies are mostly American, two being found on the northeastern coast
of the United States, four on that of Oregon and California, and
three on that of Chili. Of the two other known species, one in-
habits the shores of Great Britain, the other those of New Zealand.

* Oncinopus aranea (De Haan).
*Vrams, Zool, Soe, m5 B32.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 35

41. CANCER ANTENNARIUS Stimpson

Cancer antennarius Stimpson, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 88; Jour. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., v1, p. 462 [22], pl. xvit1, 1857.

Carapax convex ; proportion of length to breadth in male, 1: 1.52;
in female, 1: 1.45; greatest breadth at the penultimate antero-lateral
tooth. Surface much undulated, very smooth in appearance, but
minutely granulated, the granulation being almost obsolete about
the middle, but sufficiently well marked toward and at the margin.
Antero-lateral margin convex and well rounded, with nine teeth,
the first one forming the angle of the orbit; teeth deeply separated,
their edges denticulated, their apices curving forward and very
sharp, almost uncinate. Postero-lateral margin with a deep emar-
gination near the extremity, forming a sharp tooth, and another,
rather slight, a short distance within the first. These emarginations
are much deeper in the young than in the adult. Front sufficiently
broad, but not projecting beyond the exterior angle of the orbit;
interantennary portion with three well-separated teeth, the middle
one being smaller and rather below the lateral ones; preeorbital tooth
rather prominent. External antennz very large and hairy, in length
equaling two-fifths that of the carapax; apex of basal joint project-
ing considerably beyond the przeorbital tooth. Meros of hectognath-
opoda subquadrate, a little longer than broad; anterior margin nearly
transverse, ciliated with long hairs; angles rounded; notch for inser-
tion of carpal joint deep, abrupt below, continuous with the margin
above. ‘The slight ridge on the palate near to and parallel with its
inner margin is more sharply prominent in this than in other species.
Chelopoda large, particularly in the male; carpus and hand rather
short and thick, in the adult smoothly rounded above and microscop-
ically granulated; in the young ornamented with small spiniform
tubercles; coste on the hand well marked and granulated in the
young, but almost obsolete in the adult. Fingers in the female sul-
cated. Ambulatory feet hairy; meros overreaching the margin of
the carapax; dactylus with thick brushes of short hair along the
angles. Margins of abdomen and other parts on the inferior surface
generally, very hairy. Terminal joint of abdomen in the male slen-
der, with somewhat concave sides and bluntly pointed extremity.

Color above dark purplish-brown; below yellowish-white, spotted
with red; fingers black. Dimensions of carapax in a male: Length,
2.43; breadth, 3.70; in a female, length, 2.13; breadth, 3.08 inches.

This species is not uncommon on the coast of California, inhabit-
ing rocky bottoms in the laminarian zone.

36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

42. CANCER GRACILIS Dana

Cancer gracilis Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 153, pl. vu,
fig. 2. Stimpson, Jour. Bost. Soc. Hist., v1, p. 460 [20], 1857.
This species inhabits the whole coast of Oregon and Upper Cali-

fornia. ‘The expedition specimen is from Monterey, presented by
officers of the Coast Survey.

43. CANCER MAGISTER Dana

Cancer magister DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 151, pl. vu,
fig. 1. Stimpson, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v1, p. 458 [18], 1857.

Very common in the harbor of San Francisco, Cal. Found on the
western coast of North America from Sitka to Monterey.

44. CANCER PRODUCTUS Randall
IPPATE) IVESEIGs Ss, 54

Cancer productus RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vit, 116. Dana,
U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 156, pl. vil, fig. 3. STIMPSON,
Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 461 [21], 1857.

Platycarcinus productus Gippes, Proc. Am. Assoc., 1850, p. 177.

This species was described by Randall from young specimens,
which differ much from the adult, both in proportions and markings.
Dana also figures an immature specimen, and his description will
scarcely apply to the adult, in which the teeth on the front and
antero-lateral margin are sufficiently projecting and well separated.

The figure given in the plates represents an adult female.

It was taken in considerable numbers near San Francisco, Cal.,
where, next to C. magister, it is the most common species.

Genus ETISUS Leach
45. ETISUS CONVEXUS‘°* Stimpson
PLATE V, Fic. 2
Etisus convexus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 31 [29], 1858.

Carapax broad; proportion of length to breadth in the male,
1:1.47; in the female, 1:1.44;. above strongly convex; areolets
nearly as in &. levimanus, but more prominent. Surface somewhat

rugose toward the front and sides. Front slightly convex. Antero-

* Etisus levimanus Randall.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 37

lateral margin with five teeth, including the angle of the orbit; teeth
rather prominent, with small, sharp apices; interspaces granulated.
Chelopoda of moderate size, nearly smooth; upper surface of carpus
and hand somewhat rough in the female; a small tooth at the inner
angle of the carpus. Ambulatory feet compressed, and_ thickly
fringed with hair on their edges; terminal joints rough, with spini-
form granules, especially on the outer surface. Dimensions of a
male: Length of carapax, 0.57; breadth, 0.84; of a female, length,
0.64; breadth, 0.92 inch.

It is allied to &. levimanus of Randall and Dana, but is smaller,
with the carapax more convex and the ambulatory feet more hairy.
In our species the process from the basal joint of the antennz quite
reaches the orbit, while in &. Jevimanus this is almost entirely ex-
cluded from the orbit.

Found at Simoda, Japan, under stones and among gravel in the
littoral zone.

Genus CARPILIUS Leach
46. CARPILIUS MACULATUS (Linnzus) Milne Edwards

Cancer maculatus LINNA&US.
Carpilius maculatus MitNé Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 382; Cuv. R.
Anim., pl. x1, fig. 2. Dawa, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 160.

Found at Tahiti. This and some other large kinds of crustacea
are taken by the natives on the reefs at night. The light of a fire
placed at the end of a long beam which projects from the bow of the
canoe enables the fisherman to see the crabs out on their nocturnal
predatory excursions. During the daytime they remain quiescent
in their hiding places among the rocks.

‘According to Dana this species occurs also at the Paumotu, Rar-
aka, Navigators, and Philippine Islands.

47. CARPILIUS CONVEXUS (Forskal) Ruppell
Cancer convexus ForsKAL, Desc. anim., 88.
Carpilius convexus RUprewt, Krabben des rothen Meeres, p. 13, pt. ™,
fig. 2. Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 382, pl. xv1, figs. 9, 10.
Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 159, pl. vu, fig. 5.

The coloration is the same in all of the numerous specimens col-
lected by the expedition, and differs from that represented in Dana's
figure in the deeper hue of the reddish clouds, which also extend to
the margin. There are two conspicuous deep red blotches on the
gastric region, which are confluent behind and send off a branch on
either side reaching to the orbit. A red patch on the hand, one on

38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the carpus, and one at each joint of the ambulatory feet. The dimen-
sions of two specimens are as follows: Male, length of carapax, 2.3;
breadth, 3.1; female, length, 2.4; breadth, 3.2 inches.

Found on coral reefs about low-water mark. ‘Taken by us at Loo
Choo and at Tahiti. It has also been found at most of the coral
islands of the Pacific, among the East Indies, and in the Red Sea.

Genus LIOMERA Dana

This genus is here taken in a more extended sense than originally
intended by Dana, so as to include his genus Carpilodes and the
Xantho obtusus of De Haan. In our specimens of L. lata the fingers.
show more tendency to excavation at the tip than in that described
by Dana, and are nearly the same as in Carpilodes tristis. In neither
of these species, however, is the spoon-shaped cavity as well defined
as in Chlorodius. This seems to point out the propriety of uniting
the two genera of Dana, which, according to the statement of the
author, differ only in the character of the fingers. In Liomera ob-
tusa, which is intermediate in character between the two above men-
tioned, the fingers are more excavate than in either, and in a new
species described below they are entirely acuminate.

As in allied genera, the third, fourth, and fifth joints of the male
abdomen are united.

48. LIOMERA LATA‘ Dana

Iiomera lata Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 161, pl. vi,
hg. 6.

This species is remarkable for its great breadth, which exceeds
that of any other known crab. In our specimen the body is of a
light blue color, the feet light red, the fingers black.

It was found at the Amakirrima Group, near Loo Choo, by Mr.
L. M. Squires, of the steamer “Hancock.”

49. LIOMERA OBTUSA * (De Haan) Stimpson

Xantho obtusus D& HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 47, pl. x11, fig. 5.
Liomera obtusa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 32 [29], 1858.

Carapax rather less broad than in other species of the genus; pro-
portion of length to breadth, 1:1.63. Anterior margin arcuate;
posterior and postero-lateral sides straight, the former but little

* Liomera cinctimana (White).
* Carpilodes venosus (Milne Edwards).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE Vv

7

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 39

more than half the length of the latter. Antero-lateral margin reg-
ularly convex, four-lobed ; the anterior two lobes but little wider and
nearly as convex as the posterior two. Front slightly convex.
Anterior two-thirds of upper surface areolate, the areolets nearly as
in C. tristis, but more deeply defined, the longitudinal lines bisecting
the lateral areas of the gastric region being particularly conspicuous.
Surface minutely granular, as seen under a lens. Chelopoda of male
smooth, rather short; carpus with a projecting lobe at the inner
angle, behind which there is a small tooth. Excavations at tips of
fingefs not circumscribed within. Ambulatory feet smooth and
glossy, somewhat compressed; penult and antepenult joints with
bilobate upper margin. Color uniform deep scarlet; fingers brown,
tipped with white; dactyli of ambulatory feet with a white annula-
tion next their corneous tips. Dimensions of a male: Length of
carapax, 0.49; breadth, 0.8; length of chelopod, 0.75 inch.

Easily distinguished from L. tristis by the peculiar waved charac-
ter of the upper margin of the feet at the middle joints.

Found under stones on rocky ground, at low-water mark, at
Ousima.

50. LIOMERA SUBACUTA Stimpson
PEATE V5 HiGe

Liomera subacuta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 32 [20],
1858.

Carapax transversely elliptical in shape; proportion of length to
breadth, 1: 1.61; surface smooth and glossy, except on the slightly
depressed area above the front and orbits, where it is somewhat ru-
gose with minute depressions. The areolets are mostly as in other
species of the genus ; the longitudinal sulci, however, which bisect the
two large gastric areolets, are obsolete except anteriorly, where they
form shallow grooves. The depressions at the anterior corners of
the cardiac region are rather deep. The extreme lateral lobes ( pos-
terior two of the antero-lateral margin) are angular and form con-
spicuous teeth; the sulci separating them may be traced for a short
distance only on the surface of the carapax, the posterior one being
only half as long as the next. The remaining or anterior two-thirds
of the antero-lateral margin is convex, and indistinctly divided into
three scarcely projecting lobes, the middle one smallest. Front
slightly projecting and deeply emarginated at the middle. The inner
angle of the inferior orbital margin forms a tooth, which projects
sufficiently to be easily seen from above. Chelopoda smooth; carpus
with two small blunt teeth at its inner angle; hand with a groove on

--—

iin tei ies oe,

40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the outer surface, parallel with and just beneath the upper margin;
fingers sulcate, inner margins denticulated, tips sharp. Ambulatory
feet glabrous, nearly smooth; superior edge of meros granulated or
minutely denticulated.

Color in preserved specimens whitish, tinged with dusky orange.
Fingers of a black color, not shading off toward the hand. Dimen-
sions: Length of carapax, 0.57; breadth, 0.92 inch.

It has some resemblance to L. obtusa in its smoothness and gen-
eral proportions, but its lateral lobes are acute and the fingers not at
all excavated. It approaches Xantho, being less broad than other
species of Liomera, to which genus it is referred from the character
of the markings on the carapax.

Found at Loo Choo.

Genus LACHNOPODUS Stimpson

In this genus, as in allied forms, the carapax is smooth and pos-
teriorly convex; the antero-lateral margin obtuse, with the teeth, or
rather, lobes, but little prominent. At the external angle of the orbit
the margin is more strongly puckered than in other genera of the
family. The arrangement of the antenne is as usual in Carpilius,
Xantho, etc. The inner ramus of the internal gnathopoda is not
furcate. In the hectognathopoda the ischium is marked with a longi-
tudinal sulcus; the surface of the meros presents a depression near
the internal angle, and the anterior margin of this joint is concave.
The meros of all the feet is spinous above; the external surface of
the hand is sulcated, and the last three joints of the ambulatory feet
are thickly setose.

The character of the feet separates this genus from Liomera and
Liagora, in which they are naked.

51. LACHNOPODUS RODGERSII Stimpson
PiaTe V, Fic. 4
Lachnopodus Rodgerswu STIMPSON, Proe Ncadee Nae ssci ab nilal apa ee
[30], 1858. ;

A single specimen only, a male, of this species was collected, in
which the proportions of the carapax were, length to breadth as
I: 1.49. Upper surface convex, smooth. On the antero-lateral
margin the two exterior or lateral lobes only are well marked, form-
ing small teeth, sufficiently prominent, although obtuse and distant ;
the separation between the first and second lobe is scarcely percept-
ible. Front a little prominent, and emarginate at the middle.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION Al

Orbits of moderate size; internal hiatus large. Surface of hec-
tognathopoda smooth; inner margins thickly setose. Chelopoda un-
equal, the right being the larger ; meros spinulose above ; carpus with
a glossy but somewhat uneven surface, and with two teeth at the
inner angle, the upper one largest. Outer surface of hand with two
or three longitudinal sulci, deepest in the smaller hand; ridges be-
tween the sulci transversely rugose. Ambulatory feet compressed ;
meros very slightly setose, with a single row of small spines along
the superior crest and spinulose on the inferior edges; penultimate
joint with two rows of spines above, beneath which there is a shallow
excavation ; last three joints setose with long yellow hairs.

Color reddish-white or orange in preserved specimens. Dimen-
sions of carapax: Length, 1.04; breadth, 1.55.

This species is respectfully dedicated to Capt. John Rodgers, the
commander of the expedition, to whose interest and zeal in forward-
ing the researches of the scientific corps the extent and value of the
collections are in a great measure due.

It was taken on Bowers Shoal, .in Gaspar Straits, during the sur-
vey prosecuted by Captain Rodgers in the steamer “John Hancock.”

Genus ATE RGATIS De Haan

52. ATERGATIS FLORIDUS* (Linnzus) De Haan

Cancer floridus LINNAUS.

Cancer ocyroe Mine Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., I, 375.

Atergatis foridus DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 46. Dana, U. S.
Exploring Expedition, Crust., I, 159, pl. vu, fig. 4.

Living specimens are of a dark yellowish-brown color above, with
reticulating cream-colored blotches. Below white, tinged with
cream color, and a little brownish in parts. Eyes leaden-blue, glossy.
Fingers of a dark mahogany color.

Taken by the expedition at Loo Choo, among corals on the outer
reefs, near low-water mark; also in Gaspar Straits.

The species also inhabits the seas of southern Japan and China
(De Haan), and the Paumotu, Society, Friendly, and Fiji groups of
islands (Dana).

* Atergatis ocyroe (Herbst).

42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

53. ATERGATIS INTEGERRIMUS (Lamarck) De Haan

Cancer integerrimus LAMARCK, An, sans vert., v, 273. Mi_tNE Epwarps,
Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 374.

Atergatis integerrimus DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 45, pl. xiv,
fig. 1. Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 158.

Atergatis subdivisus ADAMS and WuitTE, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 38, pl.
Vill, fig. 3.

The living specimen was ofa purplish-red color, with small bluish-
white angular spots somewhat regularly distributed ; below pale red-
dish. Fingers black; ambulatory feet of the same color as the body.

Found under a stone, at low-water mark, on a rocky shore at the
eastern entrance of Hongkong harbor.

Genus DAIRA De Haan

54. DAIRA PERLATA (Herbst) De Haan

Cancer perlatus HERBST.

Cancer variolosus Faprictus, Suppl., p. 338.

Daira perlatus D&E Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. i8.

Lagostoma perlata M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 387.
Daira variolosa Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 203, pl. x, fig. 4.

Found at the Amakirrima Isles, near Loo Choo, by the officers of
the steamer “John Hancock,’ Captain Stevens Dana reports it
from the Samoan Isles. Milne Edwards gives the Atlantic Ocean
as its habitat. If this be not a mistake, we may well doubt whether
there may not be two species confounded under the name.

Dana rejects Herbst’s name perlata, remarking that its meaning
is not pearly, but very broad. All names where signification involves
an error should undoubtedly be rejected, but in this case we have no
reason for deciding with certainty that the latter meaning is not that
actually intended by the author.

Genus ZOZYMUS Leach
55. ZOZYMUS AENEUS' (Linneus) Leach

Cancer eneus LINN#US, LAMARCK.

Cancer floridus HERBST, FABRICIUS.

Zosymus @eneus LEACH, DESMAREST, Consid. gen. Crust., p. 104; MILNE
Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 385; Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped,
(Ciewisit, Wh; OA, jol, 3, ihe, 2

<i.gle eneus DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 17.

In living specimens taken by us the color was blue above, with the
tubercles red; eyes orange; sides of ambulatory feet shaded with

*Zosimus eneus (Linnzeus).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION A3

orange. Beneath mostly white. Dimensions: Length, 2.14;
breadth, 3.16 inches.

Found on the reefs, near low-water mark, at Loo Choo and at
Tahiti. Dana reports it from the Paumotu, Samoan, and East
Indian Islands.

Genus ACTEODES Dana

56. ACTEODES SPECIOSUS' Dana

Acteodes speciosus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 198, pl. x1, fig. 4.

The dimensions of one of our specimens, a male, are as follows:
Length of carapax, 0.44; breadth, 0.55 inch.

They were found among branches of madrepores drawn up from
a depth of two or three fathoms near Hilo, Island of Hawaii. Dana’s
specimens are from the Samoan Islands.

57. ACTEODES BELLUS? Dana

Acteodes bellus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 196, pl. x1, fig. 2

> =

This species has a resemblance to some species of Liomera. Our
specimens are much more conspicuously granulated on the feet and
anterior parts of the carapax than that figured by Dana.

The carapax and eyes in living examples are of an uniform bright
scarlet color. Feet of the same hue but with the extremities white.
Fingers brown, tipped with white. Dimensions of a male: Length
of carapax, 0.33; breadth, 0.53 inch.

Found among madrepores drawn up from below low-water mark
in the harbor “Port Lloyd,” Bonin Islands.

58. ACTEODES AFFINIS* Dana

Acteodes affinis Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 198, pl. x1,
fig. 3.

Our specimens are from Ousima. Those of the U. S. Exploring
Expedition from the Paumotu Group.

*Actea speciosa (Dana).

7Actea bella (Dana).

“Actea affinis (Dana).

Al) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANIOUS COLLECTIONS

59. ACTEODES TOMENTOSUS‘* (Milne Edwards) Dana

Zosymus tomentosus MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 385.
Acteodes tomentosus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 197.

This crab is of an uniform dark-brown or purplish-brown color,
almost black; the eyes blood-red; the antennule white at base; the
fingers reddish. It may be observed at low water in great numbers
on the level outer reefs of Loo Choo, taking refuge, when pursued,
in the crevices of the rock. It was also found by the expedition at
Ousima, at the Amakirrima Isles, and at Hongkong, China. Ac-
cording to Dana it is also common among the coral islands of the
South Pacific and in the Sooloo Sea.

Genus ACTA‘A (De Haan) Dana

60. ACTZHEA PURA® Stimpson
JPeyNatia) Wy IMC) 9
Act@a pura Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 32 [30], 1858.

Carapax rather narrow; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.28.
Surface of body and feet thickly covered above with granulated
subconical tubercles, but everywhere clean and free from pilosity.
The tubercles give the surface a hard porcellanous or crystalline
appearance like that of some shells. The regions or areolets are not -
very prominent, being rendered somewhat indistinct by the crowd-
ing of the tubercles. Front with the two median lobes prominent.
Antero-lateral margin strongly convex, obscurely quadrilobate, lobes
tuberculated, the median tubercle in each being sharper and more
prominent than the rest. Postero-lateral margin short, concave.
Eyes large; outer margin of peduncle granulated. Pterygostomian
surface granulous toward the outer margin, but becoming smoother
toward the mouth. Hectognathopoda with the surface of the
palpus and ischium smooth; inner margin of ischium and surface of
meros granulated. Chelopoda large; upper and outer surface tuber-
culated like the carapax; fingers blackish, sulcate, with tuberculated
ridges ; their inner edges strongly toothed, tips blunt, curved inward.
The tubercles of the ambulatory feet are somewhat smaller than
those of the carapax, but more sharply granulous; on the dactyli
they become subspiniform and are arranged in longitudinal rows.
Inferior surface of the feet, and that of the sternum and abdomen,

‘ Actea tomentosa (Milne Edwards).
* Actea granulata (Audouin).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION A5

where exposed, ornamented with smooth depressed granules or small
tubercles. Surface of sternum between bases of chelopoda pitted.

Of a dark cream color, with purple-brown blotches. Dimensions
of a male: Length of carapax, 0.61; width, 0.78 inch.

This species, although common at two or three localities, does not
seem to have been described; at least we can find no description
agreeing with it. It is an elegant species, with a surface like that
of Buccinum pappillosum or Monodonta reardonis.

It is found at depths of 6, 10, and 20 fathoms, on muddy or shelly
bottoms, and often among soft sponges. It occurred at Port Jack-
son, at Hongkong, and in the northern China Sea.

61. ACTHA SUBGLOBOSA Stimpson
Pip Aais Wi, Jie S

Actea subglobosa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 33 [30],
1858.

This is a very thick, rounded species, and when seen in its usual
position, with the feet closely retracted against the body, has an
almost globose form. Its surface is everywhere densely villous,
excepting certain exposed parts of the lower surface, where the coat
seems to have been rubbed off. This is the case on the lower half of
the hand, the outer surface of the last two joints of the ambulatory
feet, and the more prominent portions of the sternum and abdomen.
These parts come in contact with the surface of the cavity in which
this sluggish crab habitually rests. The pubescence adheres very
strongly to the body and is removed with considerable difficulty.

The carapax is much expanded anteriorly, strongly convex, with
an even surface; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.32. The
areolets are scarcely distinguishable, even when the pubescence is
removed—when the surface is seen to be sharply though somewhat
sparsely granulated. The antero-lateral margin forms a regular
curve, apparently smooth, but showing, upon close examination,
three deep emarginations or fissures concealed by the villous coat ;
thus the margin is four-lobed, as in other species. Postero-lateral
margin very short, shorter than the posterior margin, and strongly
concave. Front with a very deep emargination ; median lobes small

and placed close together. Subhepatic region smooth, neither gran-
ulous nor sulcated ; a lanose arch on either side of the mouth. Ster-
“num granulous between the bases of the anterior two pairs of feet.
The feet are smooth or only minutely granulous beneath the pubes-
cence. Chelopoda very short and stout; fingers short, black, their
white tips crossing each other.

46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

The color in a preserved specimen is dark lemon-yellow above;
naked parts below white. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax,
0.6; breadth, 0.79; from front to lateral angle, 0.5 inch.

Dredged in Hongkong harbor. Also found in a cavity at the
base of a mass of Spoggodia dredged from a shelly bottom, in 24
fathoms, in the China Sea, latitude 23°.

62. ACTZHA PILOSA Stimpson
De hins We Ine, 6
Actea pilosa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 33 [31], 1858.

The whole surface of the body and feet is hirsute with the excep-
tion of the tips of the fingers. The pubescence is rather less dense
below than on the upper surface, where there are numerous sete of
greater length interspersed. Carapax convex; proportion of length
to breadth, 1: 1.33. Anterior margin nearly semicircular in outline
and forming more than half the circumference of a circle. Postero-
lateral margin strongly concave and about equaling the posterior
margin in extent. The areolets of the surface may be easily traced,
but are not strongly marked, the shallow sulci of separation being
filled up with pubescence. ‘The surface of the areolets is covered
with sharp granules. Antero-lateral margin four-lobed, angle of
orbit not included; the lobes distinct; first lobe small; third and
fourth lobes depressed, subtriangular. Lobes of the front prom-
inent, deflexed, with smooth edges. Subhepatic region minutely
granulous, but not sulcated. Feet all strongly granulous and hairy
on their exposed surfaces. In the chelopoda the fingers are hairy at
their bases, longitudinally grooved, and 5-toothed on the inner edge.
In the ambulatory feet the antepenult joint is grooved above.

Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.42; breadth, 0.56 inch.

This species has much resemblance to A. hirsutissima, but the car-
apax is not so deeply areolated, and the subhepatic region is not
grooved with sulci proceeding from the notches of the antero-lateral
margin.

Taken at Hongkong, China.

Genus XANTHO Leach

63. XANTHO TRUNCATA De Haan

Xantho truncatus De Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 66, pl Xvi,
fig. 4.

In adult specimens collected by us the anterior tooth of the four
on the antero-lateral margin is blunt and inconspicuous. The dimen-

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 47

sions of a male specimen are: Length of carapax, 0.62; breadth,
0.84 inch.
Found among stones above low-water mark at Simoda, Japan.

64. XANTHO PARVULA‘* (Fabricius) Milne Edwards

Cancer parvulus Faprictus, Ent. Syst., 1, 451.
Xantho parvulus MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 395. Dana,
U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 170.

A species of Xantho agreeing with descriptions of the above species
was dredged in the harbor of Porto Praya, Cape de Verde Islands,
among nullipores and sand, at a depth of 12 fathoms.

Genus XANTHODES Dana

In addition to the characters of this genus given by Dana, we may
mention that another prominent distingtive mark of the species be-
longing to it is the shortness or little prominence of the front, which
scarcely projects beyond the orbits, while in Xantho proper it is
considerably protruded.

65. XANTHODES ELEGANS ®” Stimpson
Pie Ve bIG: 3
Aanthodes elegans Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 33 [31],
1858.

Carapax distinctly but not deeply areolate, smoother posteriorly ;
proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.43. Surface glossy but uneven,
with projections toward the anterior margins. Antero-lateral mar-
gin with four sharp subpapilliform teeth, besides the angle of the
orbit, whieh is not prominent. Orbits moderately large, with three
or four small tooth-like projections on the margins. Subhepatic
region strongiy convex, smooth. Chelopoda with the carpus orna-
mented with scabriform tubercles; outer surface of hand sulcate, the
ridges between the sulci tuberculated; fingers black. Ambulatory
feet hairy ; antepenult joint rather conspicuously grooved.

Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.42; breadth, 0.6
inch.

Taken at Simoda, Japan.

"Xantho parvulus Dana, which is a synonym of Nanthias melanodactylus
(A. Milne Edwards) ; not Nantho parvulus Milne Edwards, which is a species
of Eurypanopeus.

* Nanthias elegans (Stimpson).

Ae. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus BUXANTHUS Dana

66. EUXANTHUS MELISSA‘ (Herbst) Stimpson
PLATE Vi, Fie-2

Cancer melissa Hersst, Naturg. der Krabben und Krebse, m1, 7, pl. xz,
fig. I.

Atergatis melissa WuirTe, Cat. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 14.

Euxanthus melissa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 33 [31]..
1858.

The only specimen of this species found by us is a male, the
dimensions of which are: Length of carapax, 1.61; breadth, 2.54
inches. It was taken at Gaspar Island, in the straits of the same
name, by Mr. L. M. Squires, of the steamer “John Hancock.”

Eusanthus nitidus of Dana (loc. cit., 1, 174, pl. vit, fig. 9) is not
improbably the young of this species. The characters in which the
female specimen upon which that species was founded differs from
the type are only those which might well be the result of differences
of age or sex.

Genus POLYCREMNUS Gerstzcker

This genus was recently established by Gerstecker (Archiv fur
Naturgeschichte, xx11, 120) for the reception of the Cancer ochtodes
of Herbst, a species which was referred to Panopeus by Milne
Edwards and to Galene by Adams and White. Its generic distinct-
ness is, however, sufficiently apparent, and we had named and de-
scribed it in our notes before seeing the paper in the Archiv. The
description then drawn up may without disadvantage be presented
here, as it details some characters not mentioned by Gersteecker.

Carapax subhexagonal, the lateral angles truncated and bidentate,
the teeth being equal. Front rather narrow, considerably produced,
emarginate at the middle. Antennz with the basal article joined to:
a process from the frontal margin, as in Xantho, the movable portion
placed in the hiatus of the orbit. Antennule oblique. Orbit with
three closed fissures at the exterior margin, two above and one just
beneath the external angle. The orbits are directed obliquely up-
ward and not forward, so that the whole inferior margin, as well
as the sharp inner angle, may be seen from above when the eyes:
are retracted. Epistome of considerable length; as long as in most
Parthenopide. Meros of hectognathopoda broader than long, trun-

*Euxanthopsis exsculpta (Herbst).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION AQ

cate, but not notched at the insertion of the carpal joint. The chelo-
poda are tuberculated; hands broad, with short fingers. Ambula-
tory feet slender; dactyli pubescent. Abdomen of the male slender,
seven-jointed, the third, fourth, and fifth joints not soldered, the
terminal joint very long and slender.

It is allied to Halimede in shape and in the characters of the front,
antenne, gnathopoda, and abdomen, but the margin of the orbit is
without hiatus, and has no inner fissure of the inferior margin.

67. POLYCREMNUS VERRUCIFER Stimpson
PPATE Vile TCT

Polycremnus verrucifer STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 33

[31], 1858.

This species differs from P. ochtodes Gerstecker (Cancer och-
todes, Herbst, Crust., 1, 158, pl. vitr, fig. 54), in its smaller size and
somewhat narrower carapax, the surface of which is also smoother
anteriorly. The tubercles of the chelopoda are less capitate in shape
and more numerous.

Our specimens agree well in size, color, and general appearance
with the figure in the Zodlogy of the Voyage of the Samarang
(Crust., pl. x, fig. 2). But they differ in some points mentioned be-
low ; and even if identical, we can scarcely suppose the species of
Adams and White to be the Cancer ochtodes of Herbst, to the young
of which it is referred by the English authors. It is constantly
smaller, while most of the numerous specimens examined have every
appearance of being adults.

In the specimens now under examination the teeth of the antero-
lateral margin are granulated below, and there are two minute teeth
on the postero-lateral margin behind the large teeth. There is a
granulated protuberance on each side just above the lateral extremity
of the posterior margin. The carpus and hand are more verrucose
than is represented in the figure of Adams and White, much of the
outer, as well as the upper, surface being covered with tubercles.
The ambulatory feet are somewhat scabrous above, particularly on
the meros joint; their sides are smooth; the last two joints are hairy.
The abdomen is much more slender, and the third joint more elon-
gated, than in the figure cited. The color in life was yellowish-
brown, mottled. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.63;
breadth, 0.76 inch; ratio, 1: 1.2.

This species is not uncommon on bottoms of shelly mud, at the
depth of four or five fathoms, near Hongkong, China.

4

50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus HALIMEDE De Haan

In this genus the prelabial area is smooth, with no indication of a
ridge defining the efferent passage. The orbits have two fissures
above and two below, the external inferior fissure forming an hiatus
as well marked as in Panopeus.

68. HALIMEDE FRAGIFER De Haan
Halimede fragifer DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 47, pl. x11, fig. 4.

The color in life is, above bluish-gray and white, mottled; below
paler.

Dredged from a shelly bottom, in 10 fathoms, near Hongkong,
China.

Genus CHLORODIUS Leach
69. CHLORODIUS CYTHEREA®* Dana

Chlorodius cytherea Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., I, 213, pl.
NOMI Mee, De

Taken by us at the Sandwich Islands and at Ousima.

70. CHLORODIUS NIGER’ (Forskal) Ruippell

Cancer niger ForsKAL.

Chlorodius niger RUprett, Krabben des rothen Meeres, p. 20, pl. ry, fig. 7.
Mitng Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., p. 401. Dana, U. S. Explor-
ing Expedition, Crust., 1, 216, pl. x11, fig. 5.

In living specimens the color is uniform blue-black above; below
bluish; articulations of the feet yellowish.

Found by us at the Bonin Islands, at Loo Choo, and at Tahiti,
always among living corals, below low-water mark. It is also found
in the Red Sea (Rtippell), in the Sooloo Sea, at Mangsi, the Fiji
Islands, Tongatabu, Wakes Island, and Upolu (Dana).

71. CHLORODIUS MONTICULOSUS ? Dana

Chlorodius monticulosus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 206, pl. Xt,
fig. 9.

Of a purplish-brown color in life, variegated with white or yellow-
ish-white. The fingers, and sometimes the whole hand, are deep

* Chlorodiella mger (Forskal).
° Phymodius ungulatus (Milne Edwards).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 5I

brown. Eyes always red. The young are often dark olive with a
yellowish pubescence.

Besides the sharp tubercles, a character distinguishing this species
from C. ungulatus may be found in the front, which in the latter
species is deeply sinuous, the median lobes projecting, while in the
monticulosus it is blunt, often bimarginate, and projects but little.

Found among corals at slight depths at oo Choo, at the Bonin
Islands, and at Tahiti. It also occurs at the Fiji and Navigator
Islands, and in Balabac Straits (Dana). |

72. CHLORODIUS DENTIFRONS* Stimpson
Pratée VI, Fic. 5

Chlorodius dentifrons Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 34
[33], 1858.

Carapax anteriorly expanded; proportion of length to breadth,
1: 1.35. The anterior three-fourths of the surface is well areolated ;
the longitudinal sulci are deeper than those having a transverse:
direction, particularly on the gastric region, where the two grooves
proceeding backward from the front and dividing in two the lateral
lobes of this region, are strongly marked, and reach nearly to the
posterior margin of the lobes. The more protuberant parts of the
areolets, particularly of the lateral ones, are strongly granulated. The
transverse raised line crossing the carapax from one lateral tooth to
the other is well marked in this species, convex behind, and ciliated.
This line marks off the smoother posterior part of the carapax,
which constitutes rather less than a fourth part of the whole length.
There is also a slight ridge just above and parallel with the pos-
terior margin; this is interrupted at the middle. Antero-lateral
margin with four small, sharp equidistant teeth, besides the angle of
the orbit. Front rather narrow, considerably projecting, and quad-
ridentate; ‘the lateral teeth a little smaller than the middle ones.
Orbital margin with deeper and more strongly marked fissures than
are seen in other species, giving it a toothed appearance. Chelopoda
of rather small size, even in the male; upper surface rugulose; car-
pus with two or three small teeth above; hand with one small basal
tooth and three or four minute ones along the upper margin; outer
surface of hand covered with minute transverse granulose ruge, as
in C. exaratus; fingers well curved toward their excavated tips, very
little gaping, small-toothed within, and brown in color, the brown of

1 Btisodes clectra (Herbst).

52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the thumb extending on to the hand for some little distance. Ambu-
latory feet conspicuously hairy; their sides smooth. Dimensions of
a male: Length of carapax, 0.33; breadth, 0.45 inch.

It has considerable resemblance to Cancer electra Herbst (pl. 11,
fig. 6), but the frontal teeth are less prominent and the greatest
width is at the penult, and not at the last antero-lateral tooth.

This species was taken at Loo Choo.

73. CHLORODIUS EXARATUS‘* Milne Edwards
Piate VI, Fic. 3-4, 6-9

Chlorodius exaratus MinNK Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 402; Illust.
Cuv., pl. x1, fig. 3. Hompron and JAacguinot, Voy. au Pole Sud, pl. 11,

fig. 3. Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 208.
Chlorodius sanguineus Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 402.
DANAG Un Ss xplelbacpedsaCruSstsln2O7en Dilaxene hic usin
Xantho affinis DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 48, pl. x1, fig. 8.
Xantho lividus DE Haan, |. c., 48, pl. x11, fig. 6.
Xantho distinguendus DE Haan, I. c., 48, pl. xt, fig. 7 (7).

This is the most common of the numerous species of Chlorodius
found in the eastern seas, and large numbers of specimens were col-
lected by the expedition at different places on the shores of China and
at the Japanese and the Pacific islands. It is only after a long and
careful study of these specimens that we have arrived at the results
set forth in the above synonymy.

That the Chlorodius exaratus of Milne Edwards is a very variable
species, and is so considered by the carcinologists at Paris, will be
evident from a comparison of the figure in the illustrated edition of
the “Regne Animal” with that in the “Voyage au Pole Sud.” But
one would scarcely be prepared to find so much variety in the char-
acter of the surface, the number and shape of the lateral teeth, and
the sculpture of the feet, as we see in the present instance, these
characters being in other genera and species of the highest specific
importance. The varieties described below, however, are found to
run into each other in all the characters which at first sight strike
the examiner as specific, and several of them are often found living
together under circumstances which do not fail to impress the col-
lector with the idea that they are one and the same species.

We are first led to question the distinctness of C. sanguineus by
finding in a number of specimens from Loo Choo the supplementary
tooth posterior to the lateral one, gradually becoming smaller and

* Lebtodius exaratus Milne Edwards.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE VI

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 53

at last entirely disappearing, while in other characters the specimens
remain exactly the same. And the figure of C. exaratus, in the
“Voyage au Pole Sud,” certainly presents the characters usually
assigned to C. sanguineus. Among our specimens it is not difficult
to find forms agreeing with De Haan’s Xantho lividus and X. affints ;
and these are so connected by intermediate forms that they cannot be
specifically separated. Every degree of extent in the front and in
the hiatus of the fingers, between the extremes represented by these
two varieties, may be found among our specimens. The Xantho
distinguendus certainly appears at first entirely distinct, the gran-
ulation of the carapax and hands, and particularly the sculpture or
erosion of the ambulatory feet, seeming to be characters which
it would be in vain to seek for in any variety of C. exaratus. But
we have before us specimens of this form from Hongkong which
show gradations toward the type. In some of these the carapax is
rather broad, with little or no granulation and a protruded front.
In others the granulation of the hand disappears, while that of the
carapax remains the same. In others all granulation disappears,
and among all these specimens there are some which possess the
supplementary tooth, while in others it is wanting.

Future observers, aided by a still greater number of specimens
than is now accessible, may succeed in finding constant characters
upon which good species may be founded, but the present indica-
tions certainly require us to regard as varieties the several forms
now to be described.

Var. a, SANGUINEUS

With a distinct supplementary tooth, formed by the division by a
sulcus of the posterior edge of the lateral tooth of the margin; this
is much more distinct in the adult than in the young. The antero-
lateral teeth are sufficiently prominent, anterior ones blunt. Front
much undulated, rather narrow (in extent just half that of the
antero-lateral margin), and scarcely protruded beyond the edge of
the orbit. Surface of carapax areolate, areolets rather smooth and
glossy, shining. Upper and outer surface of chelopoda with reticu-
lating ruge. Pincers sometimes much curved, moderately gaping,
inner edges well toothed; color black, tips white. Ambulatory feet
smooth, edges hairy ; penult and antepenult joints obsoletely grooved
above; dactyli granulose.

Found at the Sandwich Islands and at Loo Choo.

54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Var. b, RUGOSUS
PEATEO Vile atc: 2)

With the characters of the preceding, except that the areolets of
the carapax, and also the antero-lateral teeth, are much more sharply
prominent and rugose. ‘The reticulating rugze of the chelopoda are
granulose, and there is a small tuft of setze in each of the cup-shaped
depressions at the tips of the fingers. ‘This is the largest variety we
have met with.

Found at the Bonin Islands.

Warr, @, PICTUS
Prate VI, Fic. 6

Supplementary tooth wanting. Surface of carapax smooth pos-
teriorly; areolets but little prominent except toward the antero-
lateral margin. Antero-lateral teeth broad, triangular, not much
projecting. Front somewhat broader than in var. sanguineus and
protruding a little beyond the orbits. Chelopoda short, rugulose,
rugze minutely granulated. Pincers rather short, black, well toothed
and contiguous within. Ambulatory feet as in var. sanguineus, ex-
cept that the dactyli are less granulose. Color yellowish, symmetric-
ally clouded above with olivaceous, inclining to brown on the cara-
pax and to red on the feet. Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.53;
breadth, 0.81 inch.

Found at Simoda, Japan.

The variety called Xantho affins by De Haan differs from the
pictus in its smoother hand and gaping fingers.

Var. d, LATIFRONS

Supplementary tooth wanting. Carapax less broad than in other
varieties, rather convex, smooth posteriorly; areolets not strongly
prominent, but with deep transverse sulci; surface conspicuously
rugose and granulated. Antero-lateral teeth angular but not much
projecting. Front not protruding, and very broad, equaling in ex-
tent the antero-lateral margin excluding the lateral tooth. Chelopoda
rugulose; outer surface of hand maculate with small circular red
spots. Pincers black, contiguous, toothed. Ambulatory feet as in
var. pictus. Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.45; breadth, 0.70
inch.

Found at Loo Choo.

The variety called X. lividus by De Haan differs from the latifrons
only in having white fingers.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 55

Wares ay UNAPUICONS

A variety which may be considered typical, agreeing perfectly
with Milne Edwards’s original description, and showing in a mod-
erate degree nearly all the characters which are excessively de-
veloped in other varieties. It differs from the var. latifrons in its
narrower front and somewhat gaping pincers.

Found at Ousima, and at other islands in the Chinese and Japanese
Seas-

Var. f, ACUTIDENS
Pirate VI, Fic. 7

Supplementary tooth waiting. Carapax less broad than in ordi-
nary varieties. Areolets sharply prominent. Antero-lateral teeth
strongly projecting and acuminate (7. e., with concave sides), the
anterior ones sharper than usual. Front narrow, not much pro-
truded, deeply sinuous, almost quadridentate. Chelopoda stout,
rugulose; fingers black, somewhat gaping, not strongly toothed
within. Ambulatory feet as in var. pictus, but more hairy. Dimen-
sions: Length, 0.532; breadth, 0.8 inch.

Found at Loo Choo.

Var. g CURULIFPER
Pin Ninis Wil, Jane. (33

Carapax as in var. acutidens except that the edges of the areolets
are more granulous, and the antero-lateral teeth are more prominent.
Chelopoda as in var. rugosus; fingers somewhat gaping, their tips
well excavated, forming large deep spoon-shaped cavities or cups.
_Dimensions: Length, 0.45; breadth, 0.66 inch.

Found at the Bonin Islands.

Var. h, LATUS
Piate VI, Fic. 9

Carapax very broad. <Antero-lateral teeth strongly prominent,
acuminate, their edges with large granules appearing as if denticu-
lated. Surface smooth posteriorly. Areolets not prominent; their
surfaces minutely granulose and slightly hairy. The transverse
raised line connecting the lateral teeth is distinct, and strongly
granulose at the point where it bifurcates to form the supplementary
tooth. Front narrow, strongly sinuous, or quadridentate ; somewhat
protruded. Chelopoda transversely rugulose, and minutely granu-

56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

lated; fingers black, much gaping, within dentate with very small
distant teeth. Ambulatory feet as in the preceding varieties. Di-
mensions: Length, 0.45; breadth, 0.73 inch.

Found at Hongkong.

Var. 1, GRANULOSUS
BEATE yVilenhIcsss

No supplementary tooth. Carapax broad as in the preceding
variety, but with triangular, non-acuminate antero-lateral teeth.
Transverse line connecting lateral teeth, distinct. Transverse edges
of areolets conspicuously granulated. A granulated ridge, inter-
rupted at the middle, just above and parallel with the posterior
margin. Front narrow, strongly protruding. Hands somewhat
grooved above; with the outer surface covered with large granules;
fingers black, somewhat gaping, with large teeth. Ambulatory feet
granulous above; penult and antepenult joints broadly grooved
above as if eroded; dactyli granulose and hairy. Dimensions:
Length, 0.525; breadth, 0.79 inch.

Found at Hongkong.

74. The variety called Xantho distinguendus 1 by De Haan differs
from var. granulosus only in its narrower form, less protruded front,
and more granulous meros joint of the feet.

In all the varieties the black color of the thumb is extended upon
the hand, and circumscribed by a waved line having an inward and
downward direction.

Chlorodius floridanus Gibbes, is by some authors considered a
variety of C- exaratus. But a constant distinctive character may be
found in the thickening or downward protrusion of the median lobes
of the front, which is seen in all examples of the American species.

Chlorodius exaratus inhabits stony ocean shores, at or above low-
water mark.

75. CHLORODIUS GRACILIS?’ Dana
Chlorodius gracilis Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, (CHSig; 1 BuO, joll
Ney 1kee, WSL

Carapax smooth, areolets not prominent and often indistinct ; sur-
face minutely granulose toward the antero-lateral margins. Antero-
lateral teeth five in number including the angle of the orbit; they

* Leptodius distinguendus (de Haan).
*Leptodius gracilis Dana.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 57

are broad, very slightly projecting; the posterior two angular with
their posterior sides six times as long as their anterior sides. Front
of moderate width; the interorbital breadth being more than half
the width of the carapax. Surface of chelopoda minutely rugulose.
Pincers black; the black color of the thumb not extending on to the
hand; teeth of inner margins strong. Ambulatory feet as in the
typical variety of C. exaratus, but less hairy. The abdomen is also
as in the last mentioned species.

Color light reddish. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax,
0.43; breadth, 0.65 inch.

The description is taken from a Chinese specimen. Those from
the Japanese islands agree more exactly with Dana’s description,
and a comparison with the original specimens shows them to be the
same.

This may finally prove to be a smooth variety of C. exaratus.
The specimens all show a system of rugosities upon the chelopoda
of the same kind as in that species, although so nearly obsolete that
the surface appears smooth. But the present indications, partic-
ularly the want of prominence in the antero-lateral teeth, lead us to
consider the form specifically distinct.

It was taken by us on the coast of China, near Hongkong, under
stones on coarse sand, at low-water mark; also at Ousima and
Kikaisima.

76. CHLORODIUS CAVIPES* Dana

Chlorodius cavipes Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 212, pl.
Sli, nese,

In some of our specimens the superior crest of the meros in the
ambulatory feet is bifurcated near the outer extremity, enclosing an
additional small triangular cavity.

This species approaches Acteodes in form, and is one of the con-
necting links between the Chlorodinze and the Zozymine. It might
well be generically separated from a genus containing such forms as
C. ungulatus and monticulosus.

Taken at Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

Genus PILODIUS Dana

In this genus the outer margin of the orbit is more nearly entire
than in any other belonging to the group.

* Lebtodius cavipes Dana.

58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

77. PILODIUS NIGROCRINITUS Stimpson
IPN WINK, Jee, “i

Pilodius mgrocrinitus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 34
[32], 1858.

The entire upper surface of the body and feet is covered with
short sete, among which many of a black color are conspicuously
distributed; there are also longer ones of a yellow color sparingly
interspersed. Carapax broad, well areolated; separating grooves
deep. Surface of areolets somewhat scabrous. Antero-lateral mar-
gin convex, teeth slightly prominent, rounded and denticulated.
The front is less prominent than usual and its median emargination
is inconspicuous. In the chelopoda the carpus and hand are rough
with spiniform granules. In the ambulatory feet the meros is ser-
rated above.

One specimen only was taken, a female, the dimensions of which
are: Length of carapax, 0.28; breadth, 0.41 inch; ratio, 1: 1.46.

It is closely allied to P. pilumnoides, but is broader; the antero-
lateral margin is convex instead of concave, and its denticulated
teeth are rounded, having no central principal denticle, and there is
no tooth at the inferior extremity of the penult joint of the feet. It
is not improbably the same as P. pilumnoides Dana, but cannot be
that of Adams and White.

Taken at Simoda, Japan.

78. PILODIUS GRANULATUS Stimpson
Pickus, WANE Ie, 2

Pilodius granulatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 34 [32],
1858.

Carapax broad; proportion of length to breadth in the male,
I:1.5. Antero-lateral margin a little shorter than the postero-
lateral. Upper surface of carapax well areolated; surface of areo-
lets strongly granulated or tuberculated and pubescent. Teeth of
the antero-lateral margin four in number, excluding the angle of the
orbit. They are small, denticulated, and acute (particularly the first
one), the median denticle in each being sharply prominent and
curving forward. Front, orbits, etc., nearly as in P. pubescens and
pilumnoides. Chelopoda tuberculated; carpus armed with sharp
tubercles rather larger than those of the hand, and with two small,
very sharp teeth or spines at its inner angle; hand with tubercles

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 59

somewhat distantly arranged in longitudinal rows; fingers sulcate,
the ridges tuberculated at base. The exposed upper surfaces of the
ambulatory feet are granulose and thickly pubescent.

Colors: The upper surface is variegated with purple-brown and
buff. Fingers reddish-brown. Hand in the male a broad encircling
band of brown near the bases of the fingers. Dimensions of a male:
Length of carapax, 0.29; breadth, 0.44 inch. Of a female: Length,
0.33; breadth, 0.5 inch.

This species differs from P. pubescens in the broader abdomen
of the male, the extremity of which is bluntly rounded. From P.
pilumnoides it differs in the absence of denticulation at the superior
edge of the meros joint of the feet.

Found on madrepores, drawn up from a depth of I or 2 fathoms,
in a bay on the outer side of Hongkong Island.

Genus CYMO De Haan

The crabs of this genus are easily recognized by their depressed,
suborbicular form and rough, hairy surface, which is almost always.
obscured by sordes. They have some affinity to the Trapezie in
general appearance and in their habits. The two known species are
always found together, and are common on coral everywhere in the
warmer latitudes of the Pacific Ocean.

79. CYMO MELANODACTYLUS De Haan

Cymo melanodactylus D&E Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 22 (no
descr.). Dawa, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 225, pl. x1, fig. 1.
This species is of a dirty buff color, the eyes purplish-brown, the
fingers black.

' The characters of the front, etc., mentioned by authors as distin-
guishing this species from C. andreossyi are unreliable on account
of their variation. In fact, it would seem impossible to separate the
two species from characters derived from the carapax alone. The
chelopoda, however, afford some good distinctive marks. In C.
melanodactylus the granules of the outer surface of the hand are
arranged in longitudinal rows, those of the middle row and of a row
near the upper edge being larger than the others; those of the rows
near the upper edge subspiniform and sharp. There are generally
numerous red granules on the upper surface of the hand, but none
on the outer surface, as in C. andreossyi. The fingers are black,
with the basal half strongly granulated.

Found on madrepores hooked up in a bay on the east side of

Hongkong Island; also at the Bonin Islands. Dana reports it
from the Fijis.

60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

80. CYMO ANDREOSSYI (Savigny) De Haan

Pilumnus andreossyi SavicNy, Descr. de l’Egypte, Crust., p. 86, pl. v,
fig. 5.

Cymo andreossyi DE Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., p. 22. Dana, U. S.
Expl. Exped., 1, 225, pl. x1, fig. 2.

In this species the fingers are thick and white and but little gran-
ulous at base. The granules of the outer and upper surface of the
hand are sharply prominent and irregularly crowded, without any
tendency to arrangement in rows; among them a few red ones are

scattered.
It was found by us at the Bonin Islands.

Genus OZIUS Milne Edwards

81. OZIUS TRUNCATUS Milne Edwards

sius truncatus MILNE Epwarps, Hist Nat. des Crust., 1, 406, pl. XvI,
fics tie DANAY US. Expl, Exped Cruse, 12300 pl xan ies 4
The color in life is, above purplish-brown, minutely mottled with
white; below paler, inclining to reddish.
Taken in the harbor of Sydney (Port Jackson), Australia, under
stones above low-water mark.

82. OZIUS FRONTALIS* Milne Edwards
Prate VII, Fic. 4
sius frontalis MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 400.

The crab which is referred with much doubt to the above-quoted
species of Milne Edwards is of a dark olive or yellowish-brown
color in life; pincers black. Dimensions of a female: Length of
carapax, 0.57; breadth, 0.97 inch; ratio 1 :1.7.

Found under stones on coarse sandy shores above low-water
mark in the harbor of Hongkong, China; also at Ousima and
Kikaisima.

83. OZIUS RUGULOSUS Stimpson
PLATE VII, Fie. 6
Ozius rugulosus Stimpson; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 34 [32], 1858.

Carapax somewhat convex ; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.5.
Surface anteriorly rugose and granulose. Front armed with four
strong rounded teeth. Antero-lateral margin six-toothed, the pos-

* Epixanthus frontalis (Milne Edwards).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE Vil

6 7a

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 61

terior tooth being small and supplementary to the fifth: anterior two
teeth very large but much less prominent than the others. Postero-
lateral margin short and concave. Inferior surface of the body
tomentose. Subhepatic and subbranchial regions of the carapax
granulated. Meros of hectognathopoda notched at the anterior
margin. Chelopoda unequal in size, the right largest, rugose above
with reticulating granular ridges; larger hand with nearly smooth
outer surface, fingers gaping and toothed as in O. truncatus; smaller
hand with the outer and under surface rugose and tomentose, fingers
slender, small-toothed, and in contact nearly throughout their length,
the tips curved inward. Ambulatory feet granulous above; last three
joints densely tomentose, except the tips of the dactyli, which are
smooth and glossy, red, and crystalline in appearance.

Color above dark olive, minutely punctate with yellow ; below, the
pubescence is buff-colored. Larger hand of a clear dark-red color;
pincers black. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.85;
breadth, 1.27 inches. Of a female: Length, 1.25; breadth, 1.86
inches.

Found under stones not far below high-water mark, among gravel,
in the harbor of Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

Genus PSEUDOZIUS Dana

84. PSEUDOZIUS MICROPHTHALMUS Stimpson
Priate VII, Fic. 3

Pseudozius microphthalmus Stimpson, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila. x,
Pp. 35 [32], 1858.

Carapax very broad; proportion of length to breadth, 1:1.7.
Upper surface smooth, punctate, and perfectly flat except near the
deflected anterior margin, where it is somewhat rugulose, as if
slightly eroded. Two impressed lines or sulci on the gastric region,
which unite anteriorly and lead toward the frontal emargination,
there becoming, however, shallow and nearly obsolete. The inter-
antennary front is rather narrow, not projecting, and slightly waved.
Teeth of antero-lateral margin nearly obsolete, even less prominent
than in P. planus; edge obtuse. Orbits and eyes very small. Chelo-
poda rather short and stout; upper surface minutely and crowdedly
punctate; fingers ‘short, black. Ambulatory feet hairy beneath;
dactyli thickly pubescent. Dimensions of a female: Length of cara-
pax, 0.43; breadth, 0.72 inch.

This species approaches very closely to P. planus Dana, U. S.

62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 233, but the carapax is flatter, the interan-
tennary front is narrower, and the eyes smaller.
Found at the Bonin Islands.

Genus SPHA‘ROZIUS Stimpson

This genus is separated from Pseudozius Dana to include his
P. dispar and one other species. They are characterized by a globose
form, narrow carapax, and by the continuity of the frontal and
supraorbital margins, which are not separated by a notch, as in
most other genera of cancroids. The wide internal hiatus of the
orbit is filled by the outer antenna.

85. SPHAEROZIUS NITIDUS Stimpson

Pie WANE, Ie, Sy Sa

Spherozius nitidus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 35 [32],
1858.

Body small, subglobose; carapax about four-fifths as long as
broad, convex, smooth and shining, not areolate, but with an in-
conspicuous longitudinal sulcus on the gastric region, reaching to
the front, which is emarginated and somewhat projecting at the
middle. Frontal margin continuous with upper margin of orbit.
Teeth of antero-lateral margin four in number, small but acute.
Chelopoda unequal, robust, rounded; outer and upper surface of -
hands granulous; carpus smooth; fingers nearly black and longi-
tudinally grooved on their outer sides. Ambulatory feet somewhat
hairy.

Color in life: Carapax dark gray; feet punctate with black.
Dimensions of a female specimen: Length of carapax, 0.235;
breadth, 0.29 inch.

Allied to Pseudozius dispar Dana, loc. cit., 1, 235, pl. xu, fig. 9,
but distinguished from it by its sharper antero-lateral teeth and by
the want of tubercles on the hands.

Only one specimen of this species occurred to us; this was found
in a cluster of Spoggodia which grew on a rock just below low-water
mark at the island of Hongkong, China.

Genus HETEROPANOPE Stimpson

A well-marked group of cancroids is found in the eastern seas,
the species of which hitherto discovered have been referred to the
genus Panopeus, to which they have much resemblance. This genus

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 63

is, however, as far as now known, exclusively. American, and the
oriental forms present certain distinctive characters which cannot
be regarded as otherwise than of generic importance.

The carapax is generally like that of Panopeus, the sharp, toothed
antero-lateral margin being shorter than the postero-lateral; but the
front is deflexed, with the median lobes generally prominent. The
antero-lateral teeth are in general peculiarly cut, with convex sides ;
and they are often irregular in size. The hiatus of the infero-
exterior angle of the orbit is small and inconspicuous. The hecto-
gnathopoda are generally not in contact along their inner margins;-
and the ridge of the palate, defining the efferent canal, is sharply
prominent at the buccal margin. In the abdomen of the male the
joints are all distinct, the third, fourth, and fifth not being soldered,
as is usually the case in allied genera.

This genus will include Panopeus dentatus, P. caystrus, and P.
fornuo of Adams and White (Voy. Samarang, Crust., pp. 41, 42),
and the following new species.

85. HETEROPANOPE GLABRA Stimpson
enans WAU, Je. i

EHeteropanope glabra Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 35
[33], 1858.

Carapax transverse; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.55;
convex, broad anteriorly; upper surface smooth; frontal margin
straight, curving downward, not much projecting, and emarginated
at the middle. Antero-lateral margin five-toothed; teeth small;
angle of orbit minute, the next two teeth rounded, the last two sharp.
Eyes large. Orbit with a small hiatus at the external side beneath;
upper and lower margins otherwise entire. Subhepatic regions
granulated. There is a thick fringe of hair on the inferior surface
of the carapax around the bases of the chelopoda. Surface of hecto-
gnathopoda, sternum, and abdomen pubescent. Chelopoda smooth;
the right hand largest; fingers much deflexed, crossing each other
at their tips. Ambulatory feet slender, slightly hairy.

Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.32; breadth, 0.495
inch.

It has some resemblance to P. caystrus Adams and White, but the
teeth of the margin are more deeply cut than in that species.

Found at Hongkong.

64. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

87. HETEROPANOPE AUSTRALIENSIS Stimpson
Piva WIUL, Jen, 77/0)

Heteropanope australiensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,.
p. 35 [33], 1858.

Carapax convex; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.51; areolets.
indistinct; surface smooth but somewhat uneven anteriorly, and
sparingly granulated toward the anterior margins. Antero-lateral
margin with four teeth, including that behind the angle of the orbit ;,
teeth acute, the second much larger than, but not so prominent as
the third and fourth. A small tooth on the subhepatic region be-:
neath the postorbital tooth. Front somewhat deflexed, prominently
rounded and deeply emarginate at the middle; margin minutely ser-
rated. Orbit with the hiatus of the exterior side distinct though
narrow ; inferior margin denticulated; tooth at inner angle promi-
nent. Subhepatic region granulated. A fringe of hairs around and
above the bases of the chelopoda. Surface of abdomen and ster-
num pubescent. Chelopoda stout, the right one larger; carpus some-
what regularly granulated, with a strong tooth at the inner angle;.
hands smooth. Ambulatory feet hairy, particularly the dactyli.

Color in life brownish above, mottled with white and bluish-black.
Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.4; breadth, 0.525 inch.

Common among muddy stones above low-water mark, on the _
shores of the inner harbor of Sydney (Port Jackson), Australia.
It is a sluggish crab, and generally found covered with sordes.

88. HETEROPANOPE EUCRATOIDES Stimpson
Prare Vili ie. 2520

Heteropanope eucratoides Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 35:
[33], 1858.

One specimen only, a male, of this species exists in the collection..
The carapax is narrow, and resembles that of some forms ot Gono-
placid; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.25. Upper surface
somewhat uneven, especially anteriorly, where there are some trans-
verse, linear, pubescent ridges. Antero-lateral margin very much
shorter than the postero-lateral, with three prominent teeth besides
the little prominent anterior one, which is coalescent with the angle
of the orbit. ‘These three teeth are acute, with convex sides; the
middle one is smaller than the others; the posterior one is placed at
a somewhat higher level than the middle one, and projects a little

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 65

over it. [he deep median emargination of the front is at the termi-
nation of a longitudinal groove on the anterior surface of the cara-
pax, and close on each side of it the margin projects into a small
rounded tooth or lobe. Margins of orbit nearly smooth, the external
hiatus being nearly obsolete. Hectognathopoda smooth; their inner
margins not in contact, but separated by a sufficiently conspicuous
subrhomboidal space in which lie the palpi. Subhepatic and sub-
branchial regions smooth. Chelopoda large, resembling those of
Eucrate; meros with a tooth near the summit; carpus smooth, with
a small tooth at its inner angle; hands smooth, fingers slender, de-
flexed, white. Ambulatory feet slender, somewhat hairy, those of
the second pair longest. Abdomen and posterior half of sternum
minutely pubescent. The abdomen is narrow and tapering.

Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.32; breadth, 0.4 inch.

The carapax in this species is narrower than in any other form of
Xanthide. The form, the shortness of the antero-lateral margin,
the form of the hands, and some other characters may perhaps indi-
cate a genus distinct from that to which it is here referred. The
general appearance is much like that of some forms of Gonoplacide
and Carcinoplacidz, but the position of the male verges is the same
as in the Cancroids.

Found at Hongkong.

Genus PILUMNUS Leach

The numerous species referred to this genus, more than thirty of
which have been now described, will probably be found upon critical
examination to afford characters which will require its separation
into several groups. Some of those described below are placed here
with much hesitation, although agreeing with the received diagnosis
of the genus.

The basal joint of the external antennz is somewhat mobile in all
the species which we have examined.

89. PILUMNUS VESPERTILIO (Fabricius) Leach

Cancer vespertilio FAsricius.

Pilumnus vespertilio Lwacu, Trans. Lin. Soc., x1; LATREILLE, Eneye., x,
125; MinNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 418.
Pilumnus nus Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 240; Strmp-

son, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36 [33], 1858.

This species is thickly covered with long dirty-greyish hair. The
naked parts beneath are white; fingers dark brown; eyes black.

ro

60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

The figure given by Adams and White of their P. ursulus looks
extremely like this species, but their description does not apply to it.

It is found on the reefs near low-water mark, generally in the
crevices of the rock, to which they retreat upon the approach of the
observer. It occurred to us at Loo Choo and Ousima and in Gaspar
Straits.

The P. vespertilio of Dana seems to be a distinct species resem-
bling somewhat P. scabriculus of Adams and White. The inferior
margins of the hands are granulated and the body and feet are only
sparsely covered with long setae. I would propose to call it P. danav.

go. PILUMNUS RUFOPUNCTATUS Stimpson
READE Ville ics 3

Pilumnus rufopunctatus Stimpson, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36
[33], 1858.

Body and chelopoda pubescent above with very short but rather
stout sete; feet hirsute. Carapax broad; proportion of length to
breadth, 1: 1.4; surface smooth posteriorly, anteriorly areolate and
ornamented with about twenty blood red, subspiniform granules
or small tubercles. Three of these tubercles are placed on the middle
of the gastric region, close together in the median line; four, some-
what distant from each other, in an arch parallel with the superior
margin of the orbit; one on each side of the group on the gastric re-
gion; and one near the lateral tooth; the remainder are scattered be-
tween these. Antero-lateral margin with three teeth, the first sepa-
rated by a wide space from the angle of the orbit, in which space
there is a spiniform tubercle (normally the second tooth) upon the
subhepatic region, which forms the first of a series of three or four
passing beneath the inferior margin of the orbit. Front rather nar-
row, somewhat deflected; margin denticulated and very slightly
emarginated at the middle. Superior margin of orbit with three or
four small, irregularly distant teeth; inferior margin six-toothed.
Surface of internal suborbital lobe granulated. Chelopoda robust ;
carpus and hand above and externally covered with sharply pro-
jecting subdistant granules; larger hand smooth and glossy below.
Sternum smooth, not pubescent.

Color brownish above, with scattered red dots (tubercles) upon
the anterior part of the carapax. Larger hand yellowish below ;
fingers black. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.43;
breadth, 0.6 inch.

Found among muddy and weedy stones near low-water mark in
Port Jackson, Australia.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE VIII

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

pL
Pe VOET
rte

mans
bape

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 67

gt. PILUMNUS FISSIFRONS Stimpson
ein Nao WANES TEU. 21

Pilumnus fissifrons Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36 [33],
1858.

Body and feet covered with a thick short pubescence, which rises
in transverse ridges or tufts on the anterior part of the carapax,
corresponding to the areolets. Carapax convex, proportion of length
to breadth in the male: 1:1.458; areolate toward the front and
antero-lateral margins. Surface beneath the pubescence smooth and
glossy. A prominent, sharp tubercle on the surface near the third
antero-lateral tooth; and another, very small near the fifth or pos-
terior tooth. Antero-lateral margin five-toothed; angle of orbit
sharply prominent; a second tooth inferior, or subhepatic; posterior
three teeth acute and projecting. Front rather narrow, deeply
divided at the middle by an emargination or fissure; lobes much
projecting, and rounded. Upper margin of orbit two-notched;
lower margin minutely denticulated, with the inner angle strongly
projecting and tooth-like. Hectognathopoda rather short and broad;
their surface, as well as that of the neighboring regions, pubescent.
Chelopoda unequal ; carpus with ten or more small scattered tubercles
upon its upper surface; hand sharply granulated above, the granules
not crowded, and mostly concealed by the pubescence ; below, smooth
and glossy. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.32;
breadth, 0.465 inch.

Found at Port Jackson, Australia.

92. PILUMNUS VERRUCOSIPES Stimpson
Pxiate VIII, Fic. 5

Pilumnus verrucosipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36
[34], 1858.

Upper surface of body and feet minutely pubescent, with scattered
long clavate sete, most conspicuous on the margins of the feet.
Carapax broad, proportion of length to breadth in the male, I: 1-37.
Surface toward the anterior margins somewhat areolate. A strong
protuberance on each side near the middle lateral tooth. Antero-
lateral margin with three projecting but obtuse teeth, besides the
angle of the orbit; and a protuberance on the subhepatic region,
some ways beneath the interval between the angle of the orbit and
the first of the three teeth. Front with a smooth and clean surface,
free from pubescence; it projects a little and is slightly emarginate
at the middle. Inferior margin of the orbit thick and protuberant,

68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

particularly at the inner angle. Feet all verrucose above. In the
chelopoda the carpus bears nine large verruce; hand with five ver-
ruce on its superior edge; larger hand sparsely granulous externally,
smooth and glossy below; smaller hand with outer surface granulous
and pubescent. In the ambulatory feet the penult and antepenult
joints have each two large warts above. Dimensions of a male:
Length of carapax, 0.3; breadth, 0.412 inch.

This species is a true Pilumnus, the basal joint of the antennz
being movable and not reaching the front, and the ridge on the
palate sufficiently conspicuous.

Found among seaweeds dredged from a sandy bottom, in twelve
fathoms, in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

93. PILUMNUS FORFICIGERUS Stimpson
Pyate VIII, Fic. 6, 6a

Pilumnus forficigerus St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36
[34], 1858.

Carapax smooth, with a velvet-like or minutely tomentose surface.
Antero-lateral margin with the three posterior teeth very small; a
considerable space between the anterior one and the angle of the
orbit. Front broad; median lobes very little prominent and un-
equally rounded, being less convex externally than at their inner
extremity. Postero-lateral sides concave. Surface of hectognath-
opoda and of the adjacent regions smooth and glossy. Chelopoda_
of moderate size, minutely tomentose above; carpus smooth; hand
covered with irregular but strongly elevated tubercles, which are
less numerous and more widely separated on the smaller hand; lower
surface of hands glossy and minutely granulated. Fingers of the
smaller hand with smooth, sharp, cutting edges, acting like those of —
shears. Ambulatory feet slender, somewhat hairy.

Colors: Carapax above red, spotted with flake-white; front very
dark-red; fingers pale brown. Dimensions of a female: Length of
carapax, 0.27; breadth, 0.36 inch.

Found among Sertularie and Botrylli dredged from a sandy bot-
tom, in 30 fathoms, off the east coast of the island of Ousima.

94. PILUMNUS LAPILLIMANUS Stimpson
PEATE WAT, IG. 77a
Pilumnus lapillimanus St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 36
[34], 1858.
Carapax somewhat flattened above and posteriorly; proportion of
length to breadth in the male, 1:1.3. Surface areolate; areolets

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 69

numerous but not deeply separated, and rendered indistinct by the
short pubescence which covers them. Antero-lateral margin with
three small teeth, and a slight projection on the subhepatic region
between the first tooth and the angle of the orbit. Superior margin
of the orbit, and that of the front, denticulated. Front rather broad,
nearly straight when viewed from above; median lobes broadly
rounded and somewhat projecting downward. Surface of hecto-
gnathopoda smooth and glossy. Chelopoda robust; carpus above
somewhat pubescent, and papillose toward its inner angle. Hands
naked, their upper and outer surfaces covered with conical rose-
colored papillae, somewhat variable in size and so crowded against
each other that their bases are polygonal. These papille give the
hand a beautiful stony or crystalline appearance, its surface being
more like that of a shell (Buccinum papilloswm for instance) than
that of a crab. The fingers are also minutely papillose, and slightly
grooved longitudinally ; both are short; the thumb triangular. The
fingers of the left hand are compressed, with thin sharp, nearly
smooth cutting edges as in the. preceding species. Ambulatory feet
tomentose and somewhat hairy above. Abdomen tomentose. Di-
mensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.5; breadth, 0.65; of a
female; length, 0.48; breadth, 0.65 inch.

Dredged from a shelly and sandy bottom in twenty-five fathoms
in the China Sea between Formosa and the Chinese coast.

The character of the fingers of the smaller hand in the two species
just described might well form the basis for the establishment of a
new genus.

95. PILUMNUS HIRSUTUS Stimpson
Penne IDS, JAC, at
Pilumnus hirsutus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 37 [34],
1858.

Body and feet hirsute above, not very thickly, with sete of variable
but moderate length. Carapax scarcely areolate, broad; proportion
of length to breadth, 1: 1.43; surface nearly smooth. Antero-lateral
margin short, with four sharp teeth, including the angle of the orbit;
no subhepatic tooth. Inferior margin of orbit denticulated. Eyes
with rather long peduncles. Front emarginate, with a row of long
sete just above the margin. Chelopoda rather small; larger hand
irregularly tuberculose above, smooth below; smaller hand (the left
one) spinulose above, and sparsely granulose on the outer side;
fingers pale brownish.

Color a clear light brick-red. Beneath pale red; sternum white.
Fingers with brown tips. Eyes straw-colored- Dimensions of a
female: Length of carapax, 0.31; breadth, 0.43 inch.

7O SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

The carapax of the specimen taken at Ousima is more swollen
than that of the others, and less hairy; there are a few tufts of long
hairs, 4 or 6 to each tuft; two on the gastric region are most con-
spicuous.

De Haan’s description of his P. minutus (Fauna Japonica, Crust.,
p. 50) applies very well to our species; but his figure (pl. 111, fig. 2)
is by no means a good representation of it. The body in that figure
is smooth, the feet very slender and little hairy. The postero-lateral
margin is represented as convex, while it is rather concave in our
species.

Dredged in the Northern China Sea, from a shelly bottom in
twenty fathoms. Also found among dead corals taken from a sandy
bottom in 30 fathoms of the east coast of Ousima. A single speci-
men probably of this species was taken at the Bonin Islands.

96. PILUMNUS MARGINATUS Stimpson
BEAT xe whic

Pilumnus marginatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 37
[34], 1858.

Body and feet pilose above and below; hairs soft and flex-
ible, entangling sordes; feet more densely covered than the carapax.
Carapax transverse; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.3; areo-
late, areolets not protuberant; surface glossy except at the rough-
nesses from which the hairs arise. Surface above the front covered -
with minute asperities. Postero-lateral surface granulated. Antero-
lateral and supraorbital margins raised or crested, the former with
three teeth besides the angle of the orbit, the first of which is largest
and less acute than the others. Median lobes of front very broad
and even, not projecting. Outer and upper surface of hands, be-
neath the pilose covering, rugose with minute asperities and gran-
ules ; carpus less rough; a small tooth at inner angle of carpus in the
smaller chelopod. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.275;
breadth, 0.355 inch.

Found at Loo Choo.

97. PILUMNUS DORSIPES Stimpson

IDENins ID, JEWe 3 Ha

Pilumnus dorsipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 37 [35],
1858.

This globose species has almost the aspect of a Dromia, the short
feet of the posterior pair being turned up over the back, fitting into

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE !X

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

bates
Zé

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 71

and covering the deeply concave postero-lateral slopes of the cara-
pax. The outline of the postero-lateral margin is so deeply concave
as to form nearly a right angle at the middle. Some other species
of the genus, as P. globosus Dana, exhibit similar characters, but
none in so great a degree.

Carapax strongly convex, transverse; proportion of length to
breadth, 1: 1.32. Surface rather deeply areolate; areolets granu-
lated and pubescent. Antero-lateral margin four-toothed (the angle
of the orbit included) ; teeth equal, with sharp tips and denticulated
margins. ‘The furrows separating the teeth are continued inferiorly
for some little distance on the subbranchial region. Median lobes
of front rather prominent, equally rounded. Chelopoda large, un-
equal, minutely pubescent above, that on the left side smaller; hand
granulated above on the outer side and on the inner inferior edge,
the granules sharply projecting. Carpus with scattered granules,
smallest and most crowded on a ridge around the outer base of the
hand, within which there is a smooth parallel groove. Ambulatory
feet rather short and broad, pubescent and hairy above, nearly
smooth below. Abdomen and sternum of male pubescent.

Color of carapax obscured by the pubescence; reddish-brown,
with darker spots. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.41;
breadth, 0.54 inch.

Dredged from a shelly bottom, in 10 fathoms, in the harbor of
Hongkong, China.

Genus RUPPELLIA Milne Edwards

98. RUPPELLIA ANNULIPES’* Milne Edwards

Ruppellia annulipes Minne Enwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 422. Dana,
U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 246, pl. x1, fig. 4.

Our specimens agree perfectly with those of Dana. There is little
doubt of their being the same as those of Milne Edwards, not-
withstanding the absence of a distinct “créte horizontale” on the
teeth of the antero-lateral margins. ‘The dimensions of the single
specimen in our collection, a female, are, length of carapax, 0.0;
breadth, 0.94 inch.

It was taken at Great Loo Choo Island.

Genus ERIPHIA Latreille

The ‘“red-eyes,”” as our seamen called the crabs of this genus,
live in crevices of the rocks above low-water mark, where they seem

‘Lydia annulipes (Milne Edwards).

72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

permanently lodged. They are often secured with great difficulty,
and not without injury to the specimen; for they appear in many
cases to be larger than the apertures of their holes, and hence to
have increased in size since taking up their residence there. It is
probable, however, that, like other crabs, they come out at night to
make their predatory excursions.

99. ERIPHIA LEVIMANA‘* Latreille

Eriphia levimana LAtTREILLE, GUERIN, Icon., pl. m1, fig. 1. Minne Epwarps,
Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 427. Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition,
Crust., I, 249, pl. xiv, fig. 7.

Our specimens are specifically identical with those figured and
described by Dana, and, like his, differ somewhat from Guérin’s
figure. Color, dark red above, bluish-white below. Eyes bright
red, with white peduncles.

Found in crevices of rock, on the reefs, at and above low-water
mark. It occurred at Loo Choo and at Kikaisima.

It was found by the exploring expedition at the Paumotu, Samoan,
Society, and Fiji Islands.

100. ERIPHIA SMITHII* MacLeay

Eriphia smithi Macleay, Smith’s Illust. Zool. S. Afr., Annulosa, p. 60.
Krauss, Sudafr. Crust., p. 36, pl. mu. fig. 3. Dana, U. S. Exploring
Boo, Chest. 1, Asit.
Found in crevices of rocks, about half-tide mark, on the open
coast near Hongkong, China.

tor. ERIPHIA SCABRICULA Dana
Eriphia scabricula Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 247, pl. xiv, fig. 5.

Taken at Ousima.
The U. S. Exploring Expedition specimens were found at the Fiji
and Society Islands and in the Sooloo Sea.

102. KRIPHIA SPINIFRONS (Herbst) Latreille
Cancer spinifrons HErRBs’. :
Eriphia spinifrons LaAtTREILLE; SAvicNy; DEsMAREsST; MILNE EDWARDS,
Hist. Nat: ides’ Crust, 1, /426:- Whuist Cuvee Aly ple xive tgs

A single specimen of this species was taken at Madeira; it is a
female, the dimensions of the carapax of which are: Length, 0.71;

* Eriphia sebana (Shaw).

*Eriphia sebana smithit Macleay.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 73

breadth, 1.01 inches. It agrees well in most characters with Mediter-
ranean specimens, although we have had no opportunity of com-
paring it with an individual of the same age. The chief difference
is that in our specimen the feet are thickly covered above with stout
clavate sete. ‘The tubercles of the hands are numerous, and rather
subspiniform than rounded, although blunt, and the antero-lateral
teeth are sharp, spiniform, and not denticulated on their sides.

Genus TRAPEZIA Latreille

103. TRAPEZIA MACULATA’ Dana

Trapezia maculata Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 256, pl.
BAY, Ue, Ae

This species seems to approach 7. cymodoce Dana (non Cancer
cymodoce Herbst) by imperceptible gradations.

Found on the branches of madrepores taken just below low-water
mark at Hilo, Island of Hawaii.

104. TRAPEZIA RETICULATA*® Stimpson
Pirate IX, Fic. 5

Trapezia reticulata Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 37 [35],
1858.

Carapax much broader in the male than in the female. Lateral
tooth small and little projecting, but acute. Front sinuous as in T.
cymodoce. Chelopoda of moderate size, flattened; carpus obtuse;
inner margin of meros convex and serrated with five or six teeth,
those next the carpus little prominent. Ambulatory feet very
sparsely pubescent; dactylus considerably shorter than the penult
joint. This species is of a clear wine-yellow color, with a uniform
rather close reticulation in fine crimson lines; below, the reticulation
appears on the body but not on the feet. Eyes black. Fingers pale
brown. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.3; breadth,
0.35 inch; female, length, 0.3; breadth, 0.37 inch.

It resembles T. areolata Dana, but the areole enclosed by the
colored network are much smaller and more numerous; the lateral
teeth are smaller, and the teeth on the inner angle of the meros much
less prominent.

Found on coral drawn up from a depth of one or two fathoms on
the west coast of Loo Choo.

*Trapezia cymodoce maculata (MacLeay).

* Trapezia cymodoce areolata Dana.

74. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus TETRALIA Dana

105. TETRALIA GLABERRIMA Dana

Tetralia glaberrima Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 263, pl.
XVI, fig. 3.

Of a pale yellowish, or flesh-color. Eyes dark.

Found in crevices among madrepores taken below low-water mark
in a bay on the east side of Hongkong Island; also at the Bonin
Islands.

106. TETRALIA LHVISSIMA‘* Stimpson

Praia IDK, ey Al, alas

Tetralia levissima Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 38 [35],
1858.

This species is closely allied to T. glaberrima; but the front is
scarcely denticulated; the left or larger hand is rather short and
thick, glossy, pubescent as usual at the external base; fingers very
widely gaping and not toothed within, their tips crossing; dactylus
much curved, minutely granulated above. There is a slight tooth
at the inner apex of the meros joint in the chelopoda. Dimensions:
Length of carapax, 0.273; breadth, 0.298 inch.

Found at Ousima.

PORTUNIDA

107. PORTUNUS STRIGILIS? Stimpson

PLATE IX, Fic. 6

Portunus strigilis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 38 [35],
1858.

Body and feet everywhere pubescent, but not densely so. Carapax
convex, rather narrow ; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.07. Sur-
face areolate, and everywhere covered with transverse raised lines,
closely arranged and somewhat undulated, smaller and more crowded
posteriorly than anteriorly. Antero-lateral margin five-toothed, in-
cluding the angle of the orbit; teeth of moderate size, the second
and fifth generally a little smaller than the others. There is a raised
line or slight crest on the postero-lateral margin, continuous with
* Tetralia glaberrima (Herbst).

* Liocarcinus strigilis (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 75

the edge of the fifth lateral tooth. Interantennary front broad and
projecting, laminiform, very slightly convex; margin waved, indis-
tinctly trilobate, the median lobe smallest. Frontal region somewhat
depressed and sparsely granulated. Basal joint of antennz highly
movable, its antero-interior angle scarcely meeting the front ; antero-
exterior angle dentiform and lying in the hiatus of the orbit. Chelo-
poda above and below scabrous with slight transverse ridges; hand
short, costate exteriorly, and with a spine at the summit near the
articulation of the dactylus. A strong sharp spine at the summit of
the carpus. Meros with a slight tooth at its inferior extremity.
Dactylus of the posterior or natatory feet lanceolate; the margin
ciliated with long hairs.

Colors: Carapax dark purplish-brown with a large white patch
in the middle; sometimes white with a purplish patch. Feet nearly
white except toward their extremities. Dimensions: Length of cara-
pax, 0.28; breadth, 0.3 inch. The specimens described are perhaps
immature.

Dredged from a shelly bottom in twenty fathoms in Kagosima
Bay, Southern Japan. j

Genus SCYLLA De Haan
108. SCYLLA TRANQUEBARICA* (Fabricius) Dana

Portunus tranquebaricus FAsBRictus.

Portunus serratus RUPPELL, Krabben des rothen Meeres, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. I.

Lupa tranquebarica MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 448.

Scylla serrata DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 44. Krauss, Sudafr.
Crtistepa25-

Scylla tranquebarica Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 270, pl. xv, fig. 6.

There are two sufficiently distinct varieties of this species. That
figured by Ruppell, in which the frontal teeth are sharp, is found
on the shores of the continent of Asia, chiefly in muddy estuaries.
It may be seen in great numbers in the markets of Hongkong and ~
Canton. The colors in living individuals are as follows: Carapax
olive green above, white below; hands often reddish, and spotted
with green exteriorly, fingers always red; feet pale greenish, with
darker spots below.

In Dana’s variety oceanica the frontal teeth are blunt, with the
median incision deepest ; and the posterior tooth of the antero-lateral
margin is longer than in the other variety. This form is found
among the Pacific Islands, and was taken by us at Loo Choo.

* Scylla serrata (Forskal).

70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus LUPA Leach

1o9. LUPA PELAGICA‘* (Linnzus) Leach

Cancer pelagicus LINNAUS.

Cancer reticulatus HERBST.

Cancer cedo-nulli HERBST.

Lupa pelagica Leach, Mi,ngéE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 450.
DANA, U) S. Expl, Exped., Crust, 1, 271.

Neptunus pelagicus DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 37, pls. 1x, x.

A large number of specimens of this species were collected by the
expedition, some of which are of great size. In the large males the
carapax is maculated and streaked above with red and pale bluish;
and the teeth of the antero-lateral margin have concave rather than
convex sides as represented in De Haan’s figures.

The females dredged near shore are not maculated, and have a
convex, strongly granulated carapax.

This species was dredged on muddy bottoms in 6 to 12 fathoms in
the harbors of the Chinese coast, and was found in the markets of
Hongkong. It was also seen in calm weather floating or swimming
in the middle of the China Sea.

110. LUPA SANGUINOLENTA‘?® (Herbst) Desmarest

Cancer sanguinolenta HERBS.

Lupa sanguinolenta DESMaAREsT, Crust., p. 99. MinNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat.
des, Crust. 2 450 lullust. Cuvee Ac. pltexe font DAN Ay Wen SsaE expe
Exped., Crust., I, 271.

Neptunus sanguinolentus DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 38.

Carapax in living individuals sea green above, with three purplish-
red spots posteriorly, the middle one largest; each spot margined
with dark purplish-brown and surrounded by a ring of white. These
spots are constant in size and position, affording a much _ better
specific character than can usually be founded upon colors. The
fingers of the hand are blotched with brownish within. Body be-
neath white.

This species was dredged on muddy bottoms in 6 to 12 fathoms
in the bays near Hongkong, China. It was found most abundantly
in the month of September.

"Portunus pelagicus (Linneus).
° Portunus sanguinolentus (Linneus).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

NI
N

111. LUPA SAYI* Gibbes

Lupa pelagica Say (non LEAcH).
Lupa sayi Gipses, Proc. Am. Assoc., 1850, p. 178. Dana, U. S. Expl.
Exped., 1, 273, pl. xvi, fig. 8.

Found in the western parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, generally
among gulf-weed. A fine pair, male and female, were taken to-
gether, swimming at the surface in N. lat. 33° 43’, E. lon. 67° 43’.

Genus AMPHITRITE De Haan
112. AMPHITRITE GRACILIMANUS* Stimpson
IRTATE Dem ETC.) 3

Amphitrite gracilimanus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 38
[36], 1858.

Carapax convex; proportion of length to breadth in the male,
1: 1.8. Superior surface pubescent, and transversely marked with
raised, granulated lines or narrow ridges. ‘Three of these lines
cross the gastric region; the foremost interrupted at the middle; the
second traversing the whole extent of the region; the posterior
one shortest, and placed in the same line with the foremost ridges of
the branchial region. Two short ridges on the posterior portion of
the branchial region. Cardiac region somewhat prominent, with an
interrupted transverse ridge, behind which its surface is granulated.
Antero-lateral margin with nine sharp teeth, including the angle of
the orbit ; posterior tooth about twice as long as the next. Frontal
margin with a median fissure, and four equal subtriangular teeth,
the median ones very slightly more prominent than the lateral ones.
Eyes very large, globular. Upper margin of orbit with two fissures,
with an inconspicuous tooth at the outer one, which is considerably
removed from the outer angle of the orbit. Inferior fissure of orbit
very large. Chelopoda pubescent, elongated in the male; meros
broad and thick, narrowing toward the carpus, its upper surface
scabrous, with a longitudinal ridge parallel to the posterior margin;
anterior margin of meros with four teeth or spines, posterior margin
with two spines the outer one terminal, inner one placed far within
and connected with the longitudinal ridge; carpus slender, two-
spined; hand very slender with prominent longitudinal granulated
ridges or costze and three sharp spines above, two of which are

* Portunus sayi (Gibbes).
*Portunus (Lupocycloporus) gracilimanus (Stimpson).

78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

placed near the articulation of the fingers, at a distance from them
equal to one-fourth the length of the palm; fingers four-fifths as
long as the palm, very slender, and compressed. Ambulatory feet
slender, those of the penultimate pair very little longer than those
of the posterior pair. Abdomen of male of a triangular form, though
rather slender.

Color, in life, pale reddish, mottled or clouded. Dimensions of a
male: Length of carapax, 0.68; breadth, 1.22; of a female: length,
0.78; breadth, 1.28 inches.

This species was dredged in considerable numbers on a muddy
bottom in sixteen fathoms, off the Chinese coast near Hongkong.

113. AMPHITRITE HASTATOIDES* (Fabricius) De Haan

Portunus hastatoides FABRICIUS.
Amphitrite hastatoides DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 39, pl. 1, fig. 3.

This species in life is of a dark gray color above, with oblong or
linear spots of black; below palish white. ‘The lateral spines are
not generally quite as long as in the specimen figured by De Haan.
Our largest specimen, a female, has the following dimensions:
Length of carapax, 0.875 ; breadth, 1.7 inches.

Found very abundantly in the harbors and bays about Hongkong
Island and vicinity, on muddy bottoms, in 5 to 8 fathoms.

114. AMPHITRITE GRACILLIMA® Stimpson

Prats X. Fic. 2

Amphitrite gracillima Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 38
[36], 1858.

In this small species the lateral spine equals in length more than
half the width of the body excluding spines. The teeth of the
antero-lateral margin are minute. An acute tooth or short spine at
the posterior corner of the carapax. Third pair of ambulatory feet
long.

The distinctions between this and several allied species may be
stated thus: From A. longispina and A. vigilans it differs in having
but one spine near the base of the fingers on the upper side of the
hand. From A. tenwuipes, which it resembles in the length of the
ambulatory feet, it differs in the spines at the posterior corners of
the carapax. And from 4. hastatoides it differs in its more slender

*Portunus (Achelous) hastatoides (Fabricius).
* Portunus (Achelous) gracillimus (Stimpson).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE X

6 Ou
CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

:
v

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 79

chelopoda, longer lateral spines and ambulatory feet, by the presence
of a tooth on the superior margin of the orbit, and in having the
lateral teeth or lobes of the interantennal front more prominent
than the median ones.

This species is of a white color, punctate with dark-brown. The
only specimen taken is probably young.

Dredged on a muddy bottom in “Ten-fathom-hole” in the harbor
of Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

115. AMPHITRITE HAANII’* Stimpson

Amphitrite gladiator DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 39, pl. 1, fig. 5.
(non Lupa gladiator MinNE Epwarps).

Amplutrite haanii Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 38 [36],
1858.

The Lupa gladiator of Milne Edwards is described by him as
“peu ou point granuleuse,” and therefore can scarcely be the same
as the species figured by De Haan, for which we propose a separate
designation. ;

The general color is orange or reddish, sometimes mottled with
white. The granules are often crimson. There are often bright
purple spots at the articulations of the posterior pair of feet.

It was taken by us at the following localities: In the China Sea,
in the parallel of 23° N., in 20 fathoms, sandy bottom; at Tanega-
sima, in 12 fathoms, on clean white sand; in Kagosima Bay, at the
depth of 15 fathoms.

,

116. AMPHITRITE MEDIA*® Stimpson
PLATE X, Fic. 1

Amphitrite media St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 39 [36],
1858.

This species is closely allied to A. haanti in general appearance,
in the character of the front, the granulated areas of the carapax,
etc., but appears constantly to differ in the smaller size of the lateral
spine or posterior antero-lateral tooth, which is never more than
twice as long as the next one. And the antero-lateral teeth in both
of De Haan’s figures are much more widely separated than in our
species, in which they are close together and curved forward. The
median teeth of the interantennal front are equal in size to the lateral

*Portunus (Achelous) gladiator (Fabricius).
* Combined, by Alcock, with the preceding species.

80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

ones; in this our species differs from A. speciosa. In the chelopoda
of the female the meros joint is very broad and rather short. Dimen-
sions of a female: Length of carapax, 0.88; breadth, 1.32 inches.

Found among floating wood in Gaspar Straits by Mr. L. M.
Squires, of the steamer “John Hancock.”

117, AMPHITRITE SPECIOSA®* Dana

Amphitrite gladiator DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., pl. xvmt, fig. I (?)-
Amphitrite speciosa DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 276, pl.
VEIN Steele

The longitudinal impressed line on the meros-joint of the chelo-
poda is as usual present in this species, although accidentally omitted
in Dana’s figure.

The color in living specimens is dark gray, mottled with white.

It was taken by us at Tanega-sima from a clean white sand bot-
tom, in 12 fathoms; also at Loo Choo.

The specimens of Dana are from the Fijis.

Genus CHARYBDIS De Haan

118. CHARYBDIS ANISODON De Haan
IPE ADE Oly res
Charybdis anisodon DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 42.

This species is easily recognized by its glabrous surface and thick
two-spined hand. ‘The color in life is palish green above, white
below.

Taken by the trawl from a muddy bottom, in 6 fathoms, in a shel-
tered bay near Hongkong, China.

119. CHARYBDIS CRUCIFERA?® (Fabricius) Dana

Portunus crucifer Fasricius, Suppl., p. 364; Hersst, Naturg. der Krabben
und Krebse, pl. xxx, fig. 1.

Thalamita crucifera MiLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 462.

Oceanus crucifery DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 40.

Charybdis crucifera DaNaA, U. S. Expl. Eped., Crust., 1, 286, pl. xvu, fig.
int (B)).

Color of carapax in life purplish-red, with oblong reddish-brown

patches. Below pale yellowish or white. Feet above of a palish

*Portunus (Achelous) granulatus (Milne Edwards).
* Charybdis cruciata (Herbst).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 81

dirty orange color, mottled with red. Pincers tipped with ma-
hogany.

Very common in the vicinity of Hongkong, China, on muddy bot-
toms, in 6 to 20 fathoms.

120. CHARYBDIS VARIEGATA De Haan
IPE ANMID ADS, JOC 9
Charybdis variegata DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Our specimens agree very well with the species to which they are
here referred, although much better with the figure than with the
description of De Haan. There are some differences, however,
which it is important to mention. The four median teeth of the
front in our specimens are sufficiently well separated from the
others; in C. variegata they are said not to be so separated. The
hand is conspicuously rugose with transverse ridges (squamose), a
character not mentioned in De Haan’s diagnosis. And the antero-
lateral margin is rather more convex than is represented in the
figure.

The frontal teeth are not “aigués et également espacées,” as in
Thalamita callianassa Milne Edwards (non Cancer callianassa
Herbst).

Several specimens were dredged in the northern part of the China

Sea.
121. CHARYBDIS SEXDENTATA‘’* (Herbst) De Haan

Cancer sexdentatus Hrergst, Naturg. der Krabben und Krebse, pl. 7, fig. 52.

Thalamita sexdentata R ppEti, Krabben des rothen Meeres, p. 4, pl. 1,
fig. 1.

Charybdis sexdentata Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 41, pl. x1,
fig, I.

Easily distinguished by its sharp frontal and antero-lateral teeth,
the posterior one of which is considerably more projecting than the
others. Some specimens are glossy and others pubescent. In the
glossy specimens the hands are also naked and the cost ungranu-
lated. ‘The color is deep green.

In our specimens the incisions separating the middle four teeth
from the others are a little deeper than the other frontal notches,
and the penult joint of the natatory feet is always conspicuously
spinulose along the inferior edge.

Found among rocks and stones on coarse, sandy ground, at and
near low-water mark, in a bay near Hongkong, China.

*Charybdis japonica (A. Milne Edwards).

6

82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

122. CHARYBDIS GRANULATA‘* De Haan
Charybdis granulata DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Colors in life: Pubescence of upper surface brownish; some white
spots among the warts or granules, which are bright red. Below
bluish, mottled with white and pale red.

Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 2.36; breadth, 3.4
inches.

Dredged in 10 fathoms, shelly mud, in the channels of Hongkong
Harbor.

123. CHARYBDIS MILES De Haan

Charybdis miles Dk HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 41, pl: x1, fig. 1.

A single specimen only was collected, a female, the dimensions of
which are: Length of carapax, 1.65; breadth, 2.27 inches; propor-
tion, 1: 1.37. It is thus a little narrower than those measured by
De Haan, in which the proportion stands 1: 1.445.

Taken at Hongkong, China, a point at which the Portunide seem
to reach their maximum development in size and in numbers, both
of species and individuals.

124. CHARYBDIS TRUNCATA (Fabricius) Stimpson

Portunus truncatus Fapricrus, Suppl., p. 365.

Thalanita truncata MiuneE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 463. DE
Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 43, pl. m1, fig. 3, pl. xu, fig. 3.7

Charybdis truncata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 39 [37],
1858.

This species seems to have much more affinity with Charybdis
than with the genus Thalamuita, to which it is referred by De Haan.
Among the very numerous specimens in our collection there are
none so large (two inches in breadth) as those mentioned by Milne
Edwards. And the description of this latter zodlogist applies by no
means as well to our specimens as do the figures and description of
De Haan.

Colors in life: Carapax above dirty greenish; feet with transverse
bars or patches of reddish-brown; below white.

Very common in Hongkong Harbor.

*Charybdis natator (Herbst).
*In pl. xu, fig. 3, of de Haan the male is the true truncatus of Fabricius;
the female is C. swbornata Ortmann.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 83

Genus THALAMITA Latreille

125. THALAMITA ADMETE (Herbst) Milne Edwards

Cancer admete HErgst.

Thalanuta admete M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 459; Illust.
Cova Ae pliiseiiie. 2. DANA Wh Ss Expl bxpedeli@nusts lacotuple
XVII, fig. 5.

Found at the Island of Ousima. A young specimen, probably of
this species, occurred in 5 fathoms, black sand, in Kagosima Bay.

126. THALAMITA INTEGRA Dana

Thalamita integra Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 282, pl.
Xvi, fig. 6.

Color in life: Glaucous with white dots, as if sprinkled with sand;
below white; pincers dark brown, tipped with white.

Taken on a sandy bottom, in six fathoms, in Katonaisima Straits,
Ousima. Young specimens, probably of this species, occurred at
Kikaisima and at the Bonin Islands. Dana found it at the Paumotu
and Hawaiian Islands.

127. THALAMITA SIMA Milne Edwards (?)
BREATH rics 2
Thalamita sima MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 460.

The description of 7. sima given by Milne Edwards is very short,
and it is by no means certain that the species here referred to is the
same.

The following description is taken from a large male, one of the
very numerous specimens collected by the expedition at Hongkong.
The proportion of length to breadth in the carapax is 1: 1.65. Upper
surface moderately convex at the middle and posteriorly, pubescent
and marked with several transverse granulated lines. Interorbital
front equaling half the width of the carapax and simply emarginated
as in T. admete, but advanced a little at the median notch. Antero-
lateral margin more or less oblique and armed with five sharp teeth,
including the angle of the orbit; the fifth or posterior tooth larger ;
the fourth a little smaller than the rest. Hectognathopoda and ptery-
gostomian regions pubescent. Chelopoda large, strongly spinose
and squamose; the subsquamiform transverse ridges, with granu-
lated and pubescent margins, are shorter and more irregular above

84. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

than below; on the lower surface they are most regular and nearly
continuous, being interrupted only at the median groove. Anterior
margin of meros-joint with two strong curved teeth near the denti-
form outer angle, and six or eight small tuberculiform teeth toward
the base; four small tubercles on the surface above and between the
large teeth. No teeth on the outer side of the meros, which is only
squamose. Carpus strongly squamose and pubescent; a strong
spine at the summit and three small ones on the outer surface.
Hand with five spines above and two or three costez on the outer
surface; fingers strongly grooved, the ridges between the grooves
smooth and glossy. Ambulatory feet pubescent; penult and ante-
penult joints grooved; penult joint of natatory feet with no spines
on its posterior margin, terminal joint with the sharp ae projecting
considerably beyond the margin.

Colors in life: Above, obscured by the pubescence, blackish and
whitish mottled; below, bluish; mouth and parts adjacent, reddish ;
pincers with black blotch at the middle, tips white. Dimensions of
the male: Length of carapax, 1.5; breadth, 2.48 inches.

De Haan’s JT. arcuatus is perhaps the young of our species, but
the hands are described as smooth below.

Found abundantly in sheltered bays near Hongkong, China, on
muddy bottoms, in 4 to 6 fathoms; it also occurred in Gaspar Straits.
and at Simoda, Japan.

128. THALAMITA CRENATA Rippell
Prate X, Fic. 6, 6a

Thalamita crenata RUprELL, Krabben des rothen Meeres, p. 6, pl. v. fig. 2.
MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 461 (?).

Carapax glossy, free from pubescence except toward the margins.
Crest of basal joint of antennz not projecting beyond the frontal
margin. Outer surface of hand smooth. In some of our speci-
mens, as in those of Ruppell, there are a few spines on the posterior
border of the penult joint of the natatory feet. Color in life dark
green above, paler below; pincers dark red, with yellowish teeth.

Taken in a seine from a small muddy creek in Napa Harbor, Loo
Choo, where it seems to be abundant; also found at Hongkong.

There are evidently two species confounded under the name 7.
crenata, and we are somewhat in doubt as to which species the name
should be applied. Ruppell’s figure certainly represents the smoother
species, rather than that called T. crenata by Dana, which latter,
however, may not improbably be the 7. crenata of Milne Edwards,

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE XI

to

Ti

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 85

who compares it with T. admete, to which species Dana’s crab ap-
proximates much more closely than that of Ruppell.

The German naturalist seems to have priority in the use of the
term crenata, for, although he refers to Latreille for the name, we
can nowhere find a description by the latter author.

129. THALAMITA DANZ Stimpson
PLate XI, Fic. 1, Ia

Thalamita crenata DaNa, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 282, pl.
Xv, fig. 7.
Thalamita dane Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 39 [37], 1858.

Easily distinguished from T. crenata by the granulous and costate
outer surface of the hand and the more deeply cut teeth of the front.
It approaches more closely T. crassimana Dana (prymna De Haan).
The crest of the basal joint of the antenne projects beyond the
frontal margin.

Color in life dark purplish-red or brick-red above, much lighter
below.

Found under stones on coarse sandy ground, above low-water
mark, in the harbor of Hongkong, China.

130. THALAMITA PICTA Stimpson
PLATE X, Fic: 5
Thalamita picta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 39 [37], 1858.

This is a small, prettily-colored species, of which two specimens
only were obtained. The proportion of length to breadth in the
carapax of the male is 1:1.58. Upper surface pubescent and
marked with transverse raised lines arranged as in T. dane, the lat-
eral lobes of the anterior set of lines on the gastric region being
behind the median ones, and not in the same range as in T. crassi-
mana. Antero-lateral margin a little oblique, five-toothed, including
the angle of the orbit, the fourth tooth much smaller than the fifth,
which nearly equals the third in size. Frontal margin a little promi-
nent at the middle and deeply crenated, with six lobes (excluding the
preorbital teeth), the median two lobes small and rounded, the next
ones broad, the external ones small and pointed. Basal joint of ex-
ternal antennz with a short, sharply compressed, smooth-edged
laminiform crest, the middle portion of which projects beyond the
front. Chelopoda squamose and pubescent above; spines nearly as
in 7. dane; spine at inner angle of carpus very long; hand costate

86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

externally. Inferior edge of penult joint of natatory feet with seven
distinct, rather large spinules.

Color in life grayish and yellowish mottled. An oblong crim-
son patch on the anterior part of the carapax extending between the
eyes and a smaller crimson patch posteriorly. Pincers with two or
three dark-brown annulations; tips white. Dimensions of a male:
Length of carapax, 0.47; breadth, 0.745 inch.

Found among boulders and stones above low-water mark in Fou-
kow Bay, Island of Ousima.

131. THALAMITA CRASSIMANA‘* Dana

Thalamita prymna Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 43, pl. x1t, fig. 2
(non Herss?r et MinNE EpDWaArps).

Thalamita crassimana Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 284,
pl. xvi, fig. 9.

Found at Loo Choo, in muddy bays, just below low-water mark.

Genus ANISOPUS De Haan

We may retain the name Anisopus for those species of Platy-
onichus in which the median tooth of the front is bifid and the teeth
of the antero-lateral margin approximated.

132. ANISOPUS PUNCTATUS’ De Haan
Anisopus punctatus DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 44, pl. u, fig. 1.

Color in life reddish, from clouds of reddish-brown puncte.
Carapax with a clear blue spot at each posterior corner; also a
W-shaped blue spot, with a dark-red patch in front of it, at the
middle.

It is taken with seines on the sandy shores of Hakodadi Bay,
Island of Jesso, and is used as food by the inhabitants. It was also
obtained from the fishermen off the northeast coast of Niphon, where
it seems to be very common.

* Thalamita prymna (Herbst).
"Ovalipes bipustulatus (Milne Edwards)

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 87

CORYSTOIDEA

Genus TRICHOCERA De Haan
133. TRICHOCERA GIBBOSULA‘* De Haan

Trichocera gibbosula DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 45, pl. 1, fig. 4,
pl. x1, fig. 3.

Our single specimen is small, about one-third of an inch in length.
The rostrum is more projecting and the protuberances of the dorsal
surface of the carapax much sharper than is represented in De
Haan’s figures. There is little doubt, however, that it is only the
young of the species above cited.

Dredged from a sandy bottom, in 30 fathoms, off the northeast
coast of Niphon.

Genus KRAUSSIA Dana

134. KRAUSSIA NITIDA Stimpson

PLATE X, Fie. 4

C

Kraussia nitida Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 40 [37], 185%

x

Carapax suborbicular; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.12.
Upper surface glossy and nearly smooth; obsoletely crenulate-lineo-
late. Interantennal front much projecting, divided into two lobes
by a deep median emargination or fissure; each lobe is also nearly
divided in two by an excavation of less depth. Margins of front
ciliated. Superior margin of orbit with a deep fissure near the
inner side. There are five short longitudinal impressed lines on the
anterior part of the carapax, terminating in the fissures of the front
and orbits. Antero-lateral margin ciliated, smooth in appearance,
but minutely crenulated, and with three or four inconspicuous emar-
ginations indicating the normal teeth. Postero-lateral margin very
short and concave. Chelopoda nearly smooth; hand above obso-
letely lineolated; dactylus with longitudinal ridges above, somewhat
crenulated near the base; a minute spine on the front of the carpus
and one near the summit of the meros-joint. Posterior feet with
long hairs on their margins.

Color in life white; carapax sometimes cream-colored, and often
streaked with flesh color. Pincers brown. Dimensions of a male:
Length of carapax, 0.32; breadth, 0.36 inch.

*Cancer gibbosulus (De Haan).

88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELI,ANEOUS COLLECTIONS

It differs from K. integer Dana (Xantho integer De Haan) in its
narrower carapax and more projecting front; from K. rugulosa and
K. porcellana in the want of spines on the antero-lateral margin.

Dredged in 20 fathoms, black sand, in Kagosima Bay, Japan; also
in the northern China Sea, latitude 23°, from 24 fathoms, shelly
sand.

Genus CHEIROGONUS Latreille
135. CHEIROGONUS ACUTIDENS’* Stimpson
In Au SNL) Jes

Cheirogonus acutidens Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 40
[37], 1858.

Carapax rather narrow; proportion of length to distance between
tips of lateral teeth, 1: 1.26. Surface covered with setiferous tuber-
cles, mostly transverse, as in other species of the genus. Lateral
tooth slender, sharp, the principal or middle one very long, a small
intermediate tooth at the base of the principal one behind. Between
the teeth and sometimes on their edges there are a few small spini-
form denticles. Interantennal front or rostrum with a deep median
sinus and a smaller sinus or excavation at the tip of each fork, as in
C. hippocarcinoides. Antennz more than one-third as long as the
carapax. Feet all squamose or scabrous and setose. Chelopoda
somewhat spinous above; hand costate externally, the coste sharply.
tuberculated.

Color in life light brick-red above; paler, inclining to yellowish,
below. Some specimens are of an orange color, but always dusky.
Pincers dark brown. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax,
1.45; breadth between tips of lateral teeth, 1.83 inches. It grows to
a length of three inches, but the larger specimens, of which several
were collected, were accidentally lost.

It may be distinguished from C. hippocarcinoides as found on the
west coast of America, as well as from Telmessus serratus White, by
the greater length and acuteness of the lateral teeth, particularly the
larger one; also by the existence of a small intermediate tooth be-
hind the large one.

This crab is very common in the Bay of Hakodadi, in northern
Japan. It is commonly taken with the seine on sandy shores, but
often occurs on gravelly beaches above low-water mark. In June
the young, of half an inch to an inch in length, were much more

'Telmessus acutidens (Stimpson).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS STIMPSON PLATE XiIil

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 89

abundant than adults, and were taken with the dredge in 4 fathoms,
weedy sand.

In the time of Steller a species of Cheirogonus was so abundant
in Avatcha Bay (Kamchatka) that it formed a common article of
food among the inhabitants. At the present time, however, it has
entirely or nearly disappeared, as we did not succeed in obtaining a
specimen ; nor do the naturalists of Beechey’s voyage mention having
found it.

Genus NAUTILOCORYSTES Milne Edwards

The name Dicera, proposed for this genus by De Haan and re-
tained by Krauss and Dana, was published before that of Milne
Edwards. The name given by the latter naturalist is, however,
retained, as Dicera was several times preoccupied as a generic term
in zoology, and once among the Articulates.

136. NAUTILOCORYSTES OCELLATUS' Milne Edwards

Dicera octodentata DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 15 (no descr.).
Krauss, Sudafr. Crust., p. 27.
Nautilocorystes ocellatus M1iLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 149.

Dredged on a sandy bottom, in 12 fathoms, in Simons Bay, Cape
of Good Hope.

OCY PODOIDEA
CARCINOPLACIDA#

Genus PILUMNOPLAX Stimpson

This genus was instituted for a group of small Carcinoplacide
having much the aspect of Pilumnus in their shape and frequent
setose covering, but easily distinguished by the depressed form and
great posterior breadth of the carapax as well as by the character of
the male organs. ‘The antero-lateral margin is very short; the eyes
and orbits very small and rounded. The facial and oral members
are nearly as in Pilumnus. ‘The basal joint of the antennz is moy-
able, and does not reach the frontal margin. ‘The meros-joint of the
external maxillipeds is nearly square. The palate is on each side
divided by a ridge more or less distinct. The chelipeds are generally
short. "The ambulatory feet are long and slender, those of the pe-
nultimate pair usually the longest; the dactyli flattened, and in the

’ Nautilocorystes octodentatus (De Haan).

Qo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

last pair of feet curved upward. The “hebdosternite,” or last joint
of the sternum, is entirely covered by the base of the abdomen in the
male and nearly covered in the female. The male organs are large,
arising from the coxal joints of the posterior feet, and are concealed
beneath the abdomen, but they do not immediately enter the abdom-
inal appendages, being conducted to them in a depression of the ster-
num scarcely deep enough to be called a canal. ‘The male abdomen
is very narrow except at the base, where it rather abruptly widens to
cover the last joint of the sternum and interjacent organs; the seg-
ments are all distinct, none soldered.

This genus differs from Carcinoplax in its narrower carapax and
short chelipeds; from Pseudorhombila in its flattened dactyli. The
species are all inhabitants of the Chinese and Japanese seas.

137. PILUMNOPLAX SULCATIFRONS Stimpson

Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 93
[39], 1858.

The following description was drawn up from a male; which, as it
happens, is the only male specimen of the genus met with during the
exploration:

Carapax moderately convex in front, posteriorly flattened ; propor-
tion of length to breadth, 1: 1.26. A slight longitudinal ridge or
angle on each side above and parallel with the postero-lateral margin.
The upper surface is naked and nearly smooth, not granulated; the
regions scarcely distinct. A curved sulcus extends somewhat irreg-
ularly from the depressed genital region to the lateral tooth. The
median frontal sulcus is rather deep, posteriorly bifurcating on the
pregastric region. Front broad, straight, little projecting, and
notched at the middle. The frontal margin is double, or divided by
a well-marked transverse sulcus. The antennary notches are deep.
Antenne naked, very slender, and nearly half as long as the carapax.
Antero-lateral margin very short, posteriorly continuous with the
postero-lateral ; it is four-toothed, including the angle of the orbit, the
third tooth largest and a little raised. Latero-inferior regions con-
vex; horizontal suture deep. External maxillipeds smooth and
glossy. Chelipeds moderately large, smooth; meros with a tooth
close to its superior extremity ; carpus lanose externally around base
of hand; hand short, glossy; fingers longer than palm, crossing at
the tips, moderately toothed within; immovable finger margined
below with a slight crest exteriorly. Ambulatory feet smooth, long,
very slender, somewhat compressed and slightly hairy; penult and

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION Or

terminal joints sulcated. Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.325;
breadth, 0.41 inch.

In a specimen of somewhat larger size, which appears to be the
female of this species, the carapax is smoother and more convex, the
antero-lateral margin more oblique and the chelipeds nearly as large
in proportion as in the male.

They were found below low-water mark in the harbor of Hong-
kong.

138. PILUMNOPLAX LONGIPES Stimpson

Pilumnoplax longipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 93
[39], 1858.

Female specimens only of this species were found. Carapax de-
pressed, subquadrate, nearly as broad posteriorly as the broadest part.
Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.435. ‘The flat upper surface is
smooth and even, and pubescent. Antero-lateral margin very short,
rounded, somewhat acutely crested, and armed with four or five
minute, inconspicuous teeth. Orbit small, with the external margins
entire and a little raised or projecting. Front very broad, deflexed,
and emarginate at the middle; a supramarginal line of long sete.
Subhepatic regions smooth and glossy. Outer maxillipeds villose.
Chelipeds with the outer surface of the carpus, hand, and fingers
thickly hairy ; fingers rather long and slender, with curving tips, and
irregularly toothed inner margins. Ambulatory feet hairy, very long,
penultimate pair longest; dactyli of the last pair long and curved.
Abdomen elongate-triangular. Lower surface of body, abdomen,
etc., lanose. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.195; breadth,
0.28 inch.

Found at Ousima.

139. PILUMNOPLAX SCULPTA Stimpson
WATE exele shitGane

Pilumnoplax sculpta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 93
[39], 1858.

The following description is taken from female specimens: Body
and feet setose and sparsely hairy. Carapax almost quadrangular,
very broad posteriorly. Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.27.
Back deeply sculptured with very numerous anastomosing grooves,
dividing the surface into narrow curved areolets and giving it a
somewhat vermiculated appearance. The most conspicuous areolets

Q2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

are two smooth, oblong longitudinal ones on the anterior part of the
gastric region just behind the front. ‘These, as well as two near the
anterior corners of the carapax, are very prominent. Lateral margin
anteriorly with five tuberculiform or paxilliform teeth, the posterior
two smooth, the two next anteriorly prominent and setose, the an-
terior one small, forming the angle of the orbit. Front deflexed,
with a supramarginal fringe of long hairs; margin curved and
notched at the middle. Eye peduncles setose. The grooves sepa-
rating the posterior teeth of the lateral margin are continued for a
considerable distance upon the sub-branchial region, passing obliquely
forward. Chelipeds with the meros and carpus deeply sculptured
with setose grooves, dividing the upper side of each joint into five or
six prominent, smooth, wart-like protuberances. A small, sharp
tooth at the inner angle of the carpus. Outer surface of hand with
a setose coating, beneath which there are minute sharp granules
showing a tendency to arrangement in longitudinal rows. Ambu-
latory feet longitudinally grooved. Dimensions: Length of carapax,
0.22; breadth, 0.28 inch.
This species occurred at Ousima.

140. PILUMNOPLAX CILIATA Stimpson

Pilumnoplax ciliata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 94 [40],
1858.

Description of a female: Anterior margins of body and feet densely
ciliated with long hair-like sete. Carapax broad, somewhat nar-
rowed and flattened posteriorly. Proportion of length to breadth,
1:1.58. Upper surface even and nearly smooth, pubescent, a few
granules distantly scattered toward the margins. Seven short longi-
tudinal sulci on the frontal and supraorbital regions, the median one
arising from the frontal emargination. Front broad, with a supra-
marginal series of long sete continuous with those on the orbital and
antero-lateral margins. Orbit with two deep fissures at the outer
side, one above and one below the exterior angle; a slight fissure also
on the superior margin. Antero-lateral margin with three deep
notches dividing four teeth, the anterior one being confounded with
the angle of the orbit; teeth all broadly truncated with the exception
of the posterior one, which is small and sharp. Subhepatic region
behind the orbit eroded or rugose. Basal joint of antenne rather
short. Chelipeds short, equal; meros with a thin, sharp, irregularly
dentated superior crest; carpus hairy, with the inner angle acute;
hand sharply granulated and setose, with the exception of its inner

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 93

surface and a space externally at the base of the fingers, which ap-
pears as if worn smooth; sete of superior margin very long; fingers
somewhat deflexed, rounded, a little gaping, deeply sulcated within,
externally partly granulated. Ambulatory feet compressed, those
of the penult pair longest; superior margins of last three joints cili-
ated ; meros-joint with a smooth, sharp, thin superior crest. Dactylus
of posterior pair short, little more than half as long as that of penult
pair, and somewhat curved. Dimensions of carapax: Length, 0.38;
breadth, 0.6 inch.

Of this curious species a single specimen only was obtained. It
is much broader than other species of the genus, and were it not for
its deeply toothed and ciliated antero-lateral margin and its short
chelipeds might well be referred to Carcinoplax.

It was found in the port of Simoda, Japan.

141. CARCINOPLAX EBURNEA Stimpson

Carcinoplax eburneus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 94 [40],
1858.

This is a very small species, of which, however, a sufficient number
of examples were taken to illustrate it fully. The carapax is very
broad, with a hard, smooth, ivory-like surface. Proportion of length
to breadth, 1:1.75. Sides evenly rounded, tumid, with a slightly
raised horizontal marginal line or crest, the antero-lateral portion of
which is armed with two or three very minute, inconspicuous teeth.
Front broad, straight, slightly pointed at the middle. Orbits small,
rounded, margins entire. Subhepatic regions swollen. Palate
divided by a ridge on either side. Buccal area short, very broad in
front and narrowed behind. External maxillipeds nearly as in C.
longimana, except that the exognath is broader, with a spiniform
tooth, and the outer margin of the endognath is deeply concave; the
meros is much broader than the ischium and much produced at its
external apex or auricle; finally the palpus is rather endarthroid than
goniarthroid. Chelipeds long and slender, with glossy surface ; meros
slightly hairy on the edges; carpus small; hand elongated with a
smoothly-rounded and somewhat swollen palm; fingers slender, as
long as the palm, sharply dentated within, teeth small, tips hooked,
crossing each other. Ambulatory feet slender, with hairy edges.
Abdomen of the male triangular, median segments soldered, margin
toothed at base. Abdomen of the female triangular.

The color in life is pale brownish or yellowish; three diverging
white streaks on the posterior part of the carapax; chelipeds darker ;

O04 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

beneath white. Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length, 0.16;
breadth, 0.28 inch.

It was dredged from a muddy bottom, in the ‘‘ten-fathom hole,” at
Port Lloyd. Bonin Islands.

Genus HETEROPLAX Stimpson

This genus is allied to Carcinoplaxy in the character of the male
organs, and to Gonoplax in the shape of the carapax and the form
of the orbits. The carapax is trapezoidal, the facial region occupy-
ing nearly its whole width anteriorly. Front rather broad, notched
on either side at the insertion of the antennz. Eye-peduncles stout
and of moderate length. Antenne long and slender, the basal joint
movable, narrow, elongated, its outer apex filling the hiatus of the
orbit and nearly excluding the flagellum therefrom. E/pistome
ample. Palatal ridge sufficiently distinct at the anterior buccal mar-
gin. External maxillipeds resembling those of Gonoplax, with
goniarthroid palpus. Chelipeds short, robust; fingers oblique. Am-
bulatory feet slender, the third pair longest; dactylus compressed.
Abdomen of the male very narrow, but expanded at base so as to
cover the posterior segment of the sternum and reach the coxe of
the posterior feet. The virgule, or male organs, arise from these
coxal joints, but reach the abdominal appendages through shallow
grooves on the sternum.

The species are found on the coast of China.

142. HETEROPLAX DENTATA Stimpson

Aeteroplax dentata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 94
[40], 1858.

Carapax narrow, a little broader at the principal lateral tooth than
at the angle of the orbit. Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.27.
Surface smooth and glossy; regions inconspicuous. Hepatic region
depressed. Antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins nearly con-
tinuous, the former very short, with four unequal teeth, the third
tooth much the largest and most prominent, placed at a higher level
than the second and projecting over it; fourth or posterior tooth in-
conspicuous, formed only by a slight emargination. Front straight,
somewhat bimarginate; no median notch. Eyes large. Chelipeds
short, smooth, and glossy; a small tooth near the summit of the
meros-joint and one at the inner angle of the carpus, and a tuft of
pubescence on the outer surface at the juncture of the carpus and
hand.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 95

The colors in life are as follows: Carapax gray or brown, whitish
posteriorly, and with a transverse narrow white band behind the
eyes. The frontal region and feet punctate with red. The species
presents little or no variation in color. Dimensions of the carapax
in a male: Length, 0.3; breadth, 0.383 inch.

Found in considerable numbers on shelly bottoms, in To and 15
fathoms, among the islands on the coast of China near Hongkong.

143. HETEROPLAX TRANSVERSA Stimpson

Heteroplax transversa St1MPson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 94
[40], 1858.

This species is allied to H. dentata, but may be distinguished by
its much broader carapax, the proportion of length to breadth in
which is 1:1.46. The principal lateral tooth is smaller but acute ;
the tooth forming the angle of the orbit is more prominent, and the
second tooth almost obsolete. The ocular peduncles are longer.
Colors as in the preceding species. Dimensions of carapax in a
male: Length, 0.26; breadth, 0.38 inch.

Taken in the harbor of Hongkong.'

MACROPHTHALMIDA,
Genus MACROPHTHALMUS Latreille

149. MACROPHTHALMUS TELESCOPICUS (Owen) Dana

Gelasimus telescopicus OWEN, Voy. Beechey, Zodl., 78, pl. Xx1v, fig. I.

Macrophthalmus compressipes RANDAL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 123.

Macrophthalmus podophthalnus Eypoux and Souttyer, Voy. Bonite,
Crust., pl. m1, fig. 67. Minne Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., 119.

Macrophthalmus telescopicus DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1,
314.

The color of the (young) specimens taken by us was pale grayish
with whitish mottlings ; darker anteriorly. They were dredged from
a depth of 10 fathoms on a sandy mud bottom in the harbor of Napa,
[oo Choo.

‘The family Rhizopide, comprising two pages of Stimpson’s “Prodromus”
and Nos. 144 to 148, inclusive, of the species, is missing from the manuscript
of this report; also the illustrations of this family, as well as of other
Ocypodoidea. This gap existed in 1875, when the manuscript was examined
by Prof. Sidney I. Smith, and it is probable that the missing parts were
removed by Dr. Stimpson himself for further study and were destroyed in the
Chicago fire in 1871.

96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

150. MACROPHTHALMUS SERRATUS White
IPA GND DOU aie, °2)
Macrophthalmus serratus WuHitr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 51.

Our species agrees pretty well with White’s description of his W.
serratus, but as no figure of that species is given and as the descrip-
tion itself is short and unsatisfactory we do not consider the identifi-
cation as certain.

In our specimens the carapax is broader posteriorly than at the
angles of the orbits. Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.4. Sur-
face granulose, with the exception of a smooth space at the middle
of the gastric region. Lateral margin quadridentate, the small
fourth or posterior tooth being only the anterior extremity of a
slight crest which margins the posterior third of the side. Ambula-
tory feet not pectinated, but villous, the hair short and soft. It dif-
fers from M. simplicipes in the want of tubercles on the carapax, and
from M. affinis in being narrower anteriorly and having a more
strongly dentate margin. Living specimens were brownish or dust-
colored above, white below. The dimensions of a rnale are: Length
of carapax, 0.85; breadth, 1.19 inches.

A small Lepas is found in considerable numbers upon the feet of
this species.

It was dredged in abundance on muddy bottoms, in 4 to 10 fath-
oms, in and near the harbor of Hongkong. ;

151. MACROPHTHALMUS DENTATUS Stimpson
PrATr Sadi Ere. a

Macrophthalmus dentatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 97
[43], 1858.

Carapax broad, length to breadth as 1:1.67._ Upper surface naked,
uneven, but smooth and glossy, except toward the postero-lateral
angle, where there are two slightly raised, plicated longitudinal ridges.
Lateral margin armed with teeth nearly throughout its length; teeth
four in number, small, except the anterior one, which forms the angle
of the orbit and is long and acute. Front very narrow. [yes long,
but falling short of the extremity of the orbital angle. Chelipeds.
angular, but everywhere smooth and glossy; fingers short ; immova-
ble finger very short, armed within by a large triangular tooth at the
middle, which bears a denticle on its anterior side; dactylus with a
tooth at the base and another small but well-separated one near the

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CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION Q7

base. Ambulatory feet smooth, scarcely at all hairy; meros with a
small spine near its superior extremity.

The color in life is bluish-gray with darker mottlings ; below white.
Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length, 0.31; breadth between
tips of orbital angles or teeth, 0.52 inch.

This crab, like some of its congeners, feigns death when caught,
remaining perfectly quiescent, with its feet outstretched, as if in
asphyxia.

It is found on mud bottoms, in 6 fathoms, in the bays near Hong-
kong.

152. MACROPHTHALMUS CONVEXUS Stimpson
PLATE XIII, Fic. 2

Macrophthalmus convexus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,
p. 97 [43], 1858.

Carapax broadest at the external angles of the orbits, convex,
especially posteriorly ; length to breadth as 1: 1.74. Surface smooth
and glossy, except toward the lateral margins, where it is somewhat
granulose. Regions distinct. Two granulous protuberances in a
longitudinal line on the branchial region near the postero-lateral
corners of the carapax. Sides crested, with two emarginations an-
teriorly, the posterior one inconspicuous. ‘Tooth forming the angle
of the orbit sharply prominent. Orbits somewhat oblique; inferior
margin serrated. Hands and fingers pilose within. The fingers
each bear a tooth on the inner margin near the base, as in VW. pacifi-
cus. Ambulatory feet smooth; tooth near summit of meros very
small. Male organs long and slender.

Dimensions of the male specimen, which is perhaps immature:
Length of carapax, 0.34; breadth, 0.59 inch.

Found at Loo Choo.

153-5 MACROPHTHALMUS PACIFICUS Dana

Macrophthalmus pacificus Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1,
314, pl. xIx, fig. 4.

Found at Loo Choo.

Genus CHASNOSTOMA Stimpson

The chief character of the genus Cleistostoma, as understood by
Dana, is found in the large relative size of the meros-joint of the ex-
ternal maxillipeds, which nearly equals the ischium in length. In

di

98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

his C. boscu (vix Macrophthalmus boscu Auct.) this character is
apparent, but the maxillipeds are widely gaping, while in De Haan’s
Cleistostoma they fit close to each other along the inner edges—a
character from which the name of the genus was derived. In Milne
Edwards’s Euplax, which would include, according to the French
naturalist, the true M. boscii, the maxillipeds are said to resemble
those of Macrophthalmus, where the meros is much smaller than the
ischium. So that Dana’s species will not strictly belong to either
genus, and we have ventured to arrange it, with one other before
undescribed, under a new generic name.

The carapax resembles that of Euflar, but the eyes and their pe-
duncles are considerably larger and thicker than in that genus.

154. CHAENOSTOMA ORIENTALE'! Stimpson

Cleistostoma boscii DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 313, pl. x1x, fig. 3.
Chenostoma orientale Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 97
[43], 1858.

This species differs from the Macrophthalmus boscti of Savigny
in the larger meros-joint of the external maxillipeds. The oblique
concavity on the surface of this joint is also deeper.

It was found by us among the Loo Choo Islands.

155. CHA NOSTOMA CRASSIMANUS’ Stimpson

Chenostoma crassimanus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 97
[43], 1858.

The following is a description of a male: Carapax quadrilateral,
areolated, more convex posteriorly than anteriorly. Length to
breadth as 1: 1.31. A deep and narrow longitudinal furrow on the
pregastric region, bifurcating posteriorly. Surface uneven, rough
and hairy toward the lateral margins, but smooth and glossy near
the middle. Lateral margin not denticulated; there is, however, a
slight emargination behind the tooth forming the angle of the orbit.
The eyes are large, with thick peduncles, and reach slightly beyond
the extremity of the orbit. The front is broad, deflexed, and broadly
subtruncate below. Infraorbital margin minutely crenulated. The
anterior margin of the buccal area is deeply sinuous, the angles being
filled up by a protruding lobe, leaving a broad and deep sinus in the
middle, the margin of which is straight and salient; this sinus is

*Euplax boscti (Audouin).
* Euplax crassimanus (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 99

filled by the palpi of the outer maxillipeds. There is no piliferous
crest on the outer maxillipeds, which are rather broad and gaping, so
as to leave a rhomboidal space between; the meros-joint is but little
longer than broad. Chelipeds robust, smooth externally, hairy
within; hand very thick, and about three-fourths as broad as long,
with glossy outer surface; fingers short, acute; dactylus armed with
a strong tooth at the middle of the inner edge; immovable finger
minutely crenulated on the inner edge. Ambulatory feet compressed,
slightly canaliculated above, nearly smooth; meros-joint very hairy,
the other joints almost naked. Abdomen sufficiently broad, oblong,
not much tapering, seven-jointed ; third joint swollen on each side of
the median line. Dimensions of carapax: Length, 0.26; breadth,
0.341 inch.

The above description includes some generic characters, but is
-given in full for the better illustration of the genus.

A single specimen was taken at Loo Choo.

156. METAPLAX LONGIPES Stimpson

Metaplax longipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 97 [43],
1858.

One specimen only, a male, of this species was collected, of which
the following is a description. Carapax small in proportion to the
length and size of the limbs. Proportion of length to breadth,
1: 1.33. The greatest breadth is across the middle. Surface some-
what uneven, but glossy and punctate about the middle and anterior
portions. There are two conspicuous areolets on each side, marked
off by transverse depressions arising from the lateral fissures. On
the postero-lateral slope the surface is pubescent and marked with
two striz or raised lines proceeding from marginal fissures ; the an-
terior stria transverse, the posterior one oblique. Front very broad.
Frontal region deeply and broadly excavated longitudinally along the
middle. Lateral margin three-notched, the first or anterior notch
very deep, separating a strong tooth, which is somewhat turned _up;
the other notches very slight. Eyes stout, of moderate length. Infra-
orbital margin seven-lobed, lobes rounded, smooth, glossy, decreasing
in size outwardly, the innermost lobe being the largest and most pro-
jecting, somewhat curving downward. Epistome ample, convex.
Antero-inferior regions granulated and sulcated near the mouth,
pubescent near the lateral margins. Beneath the infraorbital margin
the sulcus is very deep, and under the internal lobe of this margin
there is a deep cavity. External maxillipeds rhomboidally gaping,
profoundly sulcated, making the inner oblique piliferous crest very

100 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

prominent. Chelipeds moderately elongated ; meros serrulated along
the angles; hand smooth, oblong, a little inflated within; fingers
gaping, evenly denticulated within; tips excavated internally, with
sharp corneous outer edges for nipping or cutting. Ambulatory
feet long, smooth, pubescent at base, the first and last pairs reaching
only to the penult joints of the middle pairs, which joints are every-
where thickly pubescent; dactyli somewhat compressed, five-sided
or quinquecostate, tapering to slender sharp extremities. Abdomen
with all the segments distinct; terminal joint abruptly smaller than
the penult. The margin of the sternum is raised into a crest around
the terminal abdominal segment. Dimensions of the carapax:
Length, 0.46; breadth, 0.61 inch. Length of ambulatory feet of the
second pair, 1.38 inches.

This species differs from M. distinctus in the lobation of the infra-
orbital margin, and from M. indicus in its narrower carapax and the
distinct segmentation of the abdomen.

Found in Hongkong Harbor.

Genus ILYOPLAX Stimpson

Body tetragonal, very thick. Carapax very little indurated. Front,
antennz, antennule, and orbits nearly as in Macrophthalmus; the
front is, however, broader than in that genus. Eye-peduncles suff-
ciently long. External maxillipeds saillant, not gaping; exognath
concealed, palpigerous ; meros of endognath large, longer than broad,
and longer than the ischium; ischium ornamented with an oblique,
almost transverse piliferous line placed close to the commissure of
the meros; palpus rather prosarthroid than exarthroid, projecting as
in Macrophthalmus. Chelipeds equal. Ambulatory feet rather stout,
those of the second pair conspicuously the longest ; meros-joints with
membranaceous sides, or tympana occupying the entire faces; dactyli
very small and slender. Sternum and male abdomen nearly as in
Macrophthalmus.

This genus, although properly belonging to the family in which it
is here placed, in its thick body, soft structure, and tympanum-like
surfaces of the thigh-joints, will form a connecting link between the
Macrophthalmidz and the Dotillide.

It is an inhabitant of brackish waters on the shores of southeast-
ern Asia.

157, ILYOPLAX TENELLA Stimpson
Ilyoplax tenella Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 98 [44], 1858.

Carapax nearly quadrangular, length to breadth as 1:1.54. An-
tero-lateral angles obtuse. Sides slightly convex and bordered by an

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION IOI

acute raised line or crest, which bifurcates at about the middle, the
inferior fork, which is most prominent, passing to the base of the
second pair of ambulatory feet, while the superior fork, which is
more distinctly setose, passes to the base of the last pair. The sur-
face of the carapax is indistinctly areolated, smooth and glossy along
the median line, but toward the lateral margins somewhat uneven,
with transverse tuberculated and setose lines; the tubercles not very
conspicuous, but more so in some specimens than in others. Frontal
region longitudinally furrowed at the middle. The corners of the
front are dilated a little beneath the bases of the eye-peduncles.
Latero-inferior regions not sulcated, but evenly covered with fine
setiferous granules. Chelipeds rather large; hand smooth; fingers
deflexed, slender, as long as the palm and curved inward as in
Helecius, with somewhat excavated extremities; dactylus with a
strong tooth near the middle. Ambulatory feet partly tomentose
and setose above; meros-joint in the first and second pairs densely
tomentose on the posterior face.

Color dark brownish-olive above, bluish-white below; feet paler;
chelipeds reddish ; fingers in the male white. Dimensions of a male:
Length of carapax, 0.27; breadth, 0.415 inch.

Found at Whampoa, China, along the banks of the Canton River
(brackish water), living in holes in the mud, exposed at low water.

DOTILLIDZ:.
Genus DOTILLA Stimpson

The name Doto, originally proposed for this genus by De Haan,
was previously used, as long ago as 1815, by Oken for a genus of
nudibranchiate mollusks. A new designation was therefore pro-
posed in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy for April,
1858.

158. DOTILLA MYCTIROIDES Stimpson

Doto myctiroides M1LNE Epwarps, Meél. Carcin., 116, pl. rv, fig. 24.
Dotilla myctiroides Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 98 [44],
1858.

The chelopoda in this species are greatly elongated. The com-
pressed meros-joint of the ambulatory feet is dilated and bears a very
large oblong tympanum or membranaceous disk. The fourth joint
of the male abdomen has an abrupt, setose extremity, somewhat like
that of the penult joint in Myctiris.

Our specimen was taken in Gaspar Straits by Mr. Squires, of the
steamer “John Hancock.”

102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

159. SCOPIMERA TUBERCULATA Stimpson

Scopimera tuberculata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 98
[44], 1858.

Carapax broad, but much narrower on the dorsal surface than at
the bases of the anterior ambulatory feet. Length to greatest breadth
as 1: 1.06. Surface uneven, the branchial and hepatic regions being
separated from each other and from the gastric and postmedian re-
gions by well-marked though irregular sulci. The upper surface,
with the exception of the broad and smooth postmedian region, 1s
everywhere studded with protuberances and tubercles, irregular in
their size and distance from each other. The lateral margins of the
back are prominent, ciliated, and passing backward and downward
are continuous with the suprapedal margins of the carapax. On each
side beneath the dorsal margins there is a deep, smooth longitudinal
sulcus. The sides are covered with setiferous granules, most crowded
below. Orbits ample, oblique, well excavated, external angle form-
ing a small tooth. External maxillipeds convex; meros partly granu-
lated, more than half as large as ischium, and joined to it by an
oblique suture; palpus rather exarthroid than prosarthroid, but
joined at the summit of the meros. Chelipeds equal, elongated,
more than twice as long as the carapax, but shorter than the first
pair of ambulatory feet. Ambulatory feet tapering, sparsely fringed
below with stiff blackish hairs; tympana nearly as in S. globosa or
Doto myctiroides. Abdomen as in S. globosa. Dimensions of the
body in a male: Length, 0.36; breadth at base of second ambulatory
1S, CLO waco,

This species approaches Doto somewhat in character. It differs
from De Haan’s S. globosa in the character of the upper surface of
the carapax and in the obliquity of the meros-joint in the outer
maxillipeds.

It lives in holes in sandy-mud flats at and above low-water mark.
Found in the inner harbor of Simoda, Japan.

MYCTIRIDA,
Genus MYCTIRIS Latreille

160. MYCTIRIS LONGICARPUS Latreille

Myctiris longicarpus LaTREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Ins., pl. ccexcvu, fig. 3.
Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., mu, 37; Mél. Carcin., 118.
Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped.,’Crust., 1, 389.

This crab, when alive, is of an opaque light-blue color above and
bluish-white below. The feet are white except at the joints, which

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 103

are pale reddish. It is very common on the shores of Botany Bay
and Port Jackson, Australia, living on sandy beaches, in holes of
slight depth, generally much above low-water mark. It is called
“soldier crab” by the colonists.

161. MYCTIRIS BREVIDACTYLUS Stimpson
Pirate XIII, Fic. 4

Myctiris brevidactylus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 99
[45], 1858.

Carapax short, globular, nearly smooth. Breadth to length as
1: 1.06. Branchial regions but little inflated, microscopically gran-
ulated. On the posterior or depressed portion of the gastric region
there are two short, longitudinal depressed lines, parallel, one on
each side. ‘There is a short, slender, blunt spine on each side near
the external angle of the orbit. Chelipeds nearly as in M. longicar-
pus, but stouter. Ambulatory feet also stouter than in the species
just mentioned, with short and thick dactyli. The dactylus in the
posterior pair is curved upward near the extremity, and trigonal in
shape, with the angles ciliated.

Color of the carapax whitish blue, deeper about the middle of the
back. Feet white, pale reddish near their bases. Dimensions of a
male: Length of carapax, 0.682; breadth, 0.6039 inch.

This species is easily distinguished from MW. longicarpus, which it
much resembles in general appearance, by the shorter and thicker
terminal joints of the ambulatory feet. It may prove to be the
M. deflexifrons of De Haan, but we can nowhere find a description
of this species. .

_ It is found in great numbers on low sandy-mud shores and flats in
the lower half of the littoral zone. It occurred to us at Hongkong
and among the Loo Choo Islands.

162. MYCTIRIS PLATYCHELES Milne Edwards
PLATS XII, Fre. 5
Myctiris platycheles MtLNé Evwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 118.

The description of Milne Edwards is as follows: “Carapace cou-
verte de petits points granuleux, tres espaceés et tres saillants. Pattes

courtes et larges——Port Western.” It is not inconsistent with the
characters of our crab, but there are several prominent distinctive

characters not mentioned which render the identification, based
upon so short a diagnosis, somewhat uncertain.

104 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

The branchial regions are prominently inflated above, forming
subglobose projections, which are much more conspicuously granu-
lated than the rest of the carapax. The gastric region is nearly
smooth, bearing only a few scattered granuliform “points.” In the
compressed ambulatory feet the penult joint bears two prominent
carinz, the dactylus four carine. The meros-joint is somewhat in-
flated and granulated. The hectognathopoda are greatly expanded
and protruding, so as to lie in planes almost longitudinally vertical.
The rostrum is more pointed than in M. longicarpus, and there is a
granulated projection instead of a spine exterior to the orbit. Color
in life as in MW. longicarpus. Size also about the same. Our speci-
mens were taken on the shores of Botany Bay, in the third subregion
of the littoral zone.

It is perhaps the same as MM. subverrucatus White (Cat. Brit.
Mus., 1847, p. 34), of which no description has been published. If
it should prove distinct we would propose the name M. prostoma.

OCWIPOIDIIDA8;

‘

Genus GELASIMUS Latreille
163. GELASIMUS VOCANS‘* (Rumph) Milne Edwards

Cancer vocans RUMPH (fide MILNE Epwarps).
Gelasimus nitidus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 316, pl. xrx, fig. 5.
Gelasimus vocans MILNE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., 109, pl. 111, fig. 4.

Color of carapax in life bluish-gray or olivaceous, rather dark;
sometimes mottled with white. Below bluish-white. Feet paler.
Large hand white or light gray above, yellowish-green or deep
orange below. Small hand bluish.

Found in its holes on coarse sandy shores not far below high-
water mark in Napa Harbor, Loo Choo, and Hongkong Harbor,
China.

164. GELASIMUS DUBIUS* Stimpson
BEATE XUV; Hics 4!

Gelasimus dubius Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 99 [45],
1858.

This species resembles G. vocans in shape and in the characters of
the front, etc., except that the carapax is more narrowed posteriorly ;

*Uca marionis nitida (Dana).
*Uca dubia (Stimpson).

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CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 105

the frontal sulcus is deeper and the orbits more oblique. Length of
the carapax to its breadth as 1:1.57. Antero-lateral angles very
sharply prominent. Outer extremity of the crenulated inferior mar-
gin of the orbit angular. In the large cheliped the superior margin
of the meros-joint is spinulose or denticulated at and near the sum-
mit, but there is no sharp conical tooth, as in G. vocans. The greater
hand is well developed; outer surface of palm granulated or small-
tuberculated ; crest on the inner surface nearly as in G. vocans, but
less prominent; fingers neither very broad nor much compressed,
their external surface marked with a longitudinal sulcus, their inner
margins irregularly denticulated, with two or three larger conical
teeth. Meros-joint of ambulatory feet rather broad; dactyli as in
G. vocans. Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.522;
breadth, 0.82; length of great hand, 1.22; breadth, 0.44 inch.

This species differs from G. acutus in the more distinct regions of
the carapax, the less distinct marginal lines, and in the compressed
and hairy dactyli. It is perhaps the same as G. forcipatus Adams
and White (Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 50), but that species is de-
scribed as having very distinct marginal lines on the sides.

It was found at Loo Choo in the usual station of the genus.

165. GELASIMUS ACUTUS‘* Stimpson
PLATE XIV, Fic. 3

Gelasimus acutus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 99 [45],
1858.

Carapax convex, very broad anteriorly and much contracted be-
hind. Length to breadth as 1:1.72. Front as broad as in G. tetra-
gonon and not dilated below. Antero-lateral angles acute. Surface
smooth and nearly even; regions indistinct. Marginal lines very
well marked. Inferior margin of orbit crenulated only toward its
angular external extremity. A convex protuberance on the floor of
the orbit at its inner extremity corresponds to the “lobe sous-
orbitaire interne” of Milne Edwards. Beneath the infraorbital mar-
gin, separated by a smooth furrow, there is another distinct crest,
nearly parallel to it. Large cheliped of the male moderately devel-
oped; outer surface of carpus and hand prominently granulated.
Hand well armed within, the crests not very prominent, but tuber-
culated ; fingers short, no longer than the palm, both sulcated exter-
nally, their inner margins rather strongly denticulated, teeth nearly

*Uca dussumieri (Milne Edwards).

106 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

equal, a single larger one at the middle on the lower finger. Ambu-
latory feet smooth, naked; meros compressed, dilated; dactyli small
and slender. Color white. Dimensions of the male: Length of car-
apax, 0.39; breadth, 0.67; length of greater hand, 0.83; breadth, 0.36
inch.

It differs from G. forcipatus Adams and White in having no
“dilated lobe between the eyes’ and no great tooth near the end of
the fingers. The meros-joints of the walking-feet are less dilated
than in G. brevipes.

Taken at Macao, China.

166. GELASIMUS SPLENDIDUS‘ Stimpson
Priate XIV, Fic. 2

Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 99 [45],
1858.

Carapax strongly convex in a longitudinal sense, its median dorsal
outline forming almost a semicircle. It is very broad anteriorly
(broadest at the prominent angles of the orbits) and considerably
narrowed behind. Length to breadth as 1:1.6. Branchial regions
not inflated. The lines bordering the anterior and antero-lateral
margins are sharply raised. Front very broad, somewhat truncated
below. The supraorbital margin is but slightly undulated, most so
near its exterior extremity ; both crests are minutely crenulated, and.
the lower or anterior crest is less convex than usual. The peduncles of
the eyes are not very long, the eye falling a little short of the exterior
extremity of the orbit. The exterior angle of the crenulated inferior
margin of the orbit is broadly rounded, as in G. palustris. ‘The large
cheliped of the male is well developed; meros with obtuse, granu-
lated angles, and no very prominent tooth at the summit; hand
minutely granulated, with palm about two-thirds as long as the fin-
gers, not strongly armed within, the inferior oblique crest prominent
with a single row of granules, the crest at base of fingers nearly ob-
solete, the superior crest not bifurcated and scarcely tuberculated ;
fingers slender, smooth, strongly gaping, their inner margins evenly
curved and minutely toothed, with two or three conical teeth a little
larger than the rest; extremity of immovable finger longitudinally
emarginated. Ambulatory feet naked; meros of moderate width;
dactylus short, not compressed.

Colors: The carapax is of a light opaque-blue color, transversely

‘Uca splendida (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 107

banded and spotted with black. Large cheliped pale red. Feet
purplish, mottled. External maxillipeds light blue. Lower surface
of body very pale bluish. Dimensions of a male: Length of cara-
pax, 0.49; breadth, 0.78; length of large hand, 1.35; breadth, 0.48
inch.

This species is remarkable for its convexity and for the promi-
nence, without acuteness, of the anterior angles of the carapax. It
is allied to G. gaimardi and to G. latreillei of Milne Edwards (Meé-
langes Carcinologiques, p. 114), and may prove identical with one
of these species, but the descriptions as yet published are too short
for certain identification. From the first-mentioned species ours
would appear to differ in having the front less prolonged and
rounded below, and from the second in the greater length and the
dentition of the pincers.

Our species inhabits salt marshes on the shores of Hongkong

Harbor.
167. GELASIMUS PULCHELLUS' Stimpson

PLATE XV, Fic. 1

Gelasimus pulchellus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 100 [46],
1858.

Of this species several male specimens were collected. They are
all of small size, but have the appearance of being nearly full grown.
Carapax strongly convex, narrowed behind, broad in front, where it
is prominent at the middle. Length to breadth as 1: 1.51. Antero-
lateral angles acute, prominent. Marginal lines sufficiently distinct.
Front prominent, broad, rounded below. Eye-peduncles long, the
eyes reaching nearly, if not quite, to the extremities of the orbits.
Outer angle of the acutely crenulated inferior margin of the orbit
rounded. Large cheliped with nearly smooth surfaces, obsoletely
granulated ; hand armed within, the inferior crest prominent, granu-
lated, the superior crest very sparsely granulated. ‘There are two
parallel crests at the base of the fingers, each ornamented with a
single row of small tubercles. On the outer surface of the hand at
the base of the immovable finger there is a small depressed area or
shallow pit, like a cicatrix, of an ovate or triangular form, which is
always present and affords a good specific character. The fingers
are rather short, slightly compressed; the sides smooth; the inner
margins denticulated, with two or three somewhat larger, conical
teeth interspersed; one of these larger teeth is situated close to the

“Uca pulchella (Stimpson).

108 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

extremity of the immovable finger. The ambulatory feet are slightly
hairy, the dactyli somewhat compressed.

The carapax is painted with deep blue markings; the large claw is
light red. Dimensions of the male: Length of carapax, 0.398;
breadth, 0.605; length of larger hand, 0.89; breadth, 0.33 inch.

This species is allied to G. annulipes in the shape of the carapax,
etc. The double crest at the base of the fingers on the inner surface
of the hand, and the cicatrix on the outer surface, will serve to dis-
tinguish it.

It is common at the Island of Tahiti, on the sandy and muddy
banks of the lagoons.

168. GELASIMUS LACTEUS* De Haan

Gelasimus lacteus DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 54, pl. xv, fig. 5.
MitnE Epwarps, Mel. Carcin., 114, pl. 1v, fig. 16.

This species is remarkable for its great breadth posteriorly. The
interocular front is broad. The color in life is chalky white.

Found living in its holes in mud, among stones, above low-water
mark on the shores of Cum-sing-moon and Macao, China.

Genus OCYPODE, Fabricius

169. OCYPODE CURSOR’* (Belon) De Haan

Cancer cursor BELON (fide Minne Epwarps).

Ocypode ippeus OLIvIER, MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 47.

Ocypode cursor Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 29. Mirne Epwarps,
Mel. Carcin, 106.

Taken at Porto Praya, Cape de Verde Islands. Habits as usual
in the genus.

170. OCYPODE CERATOPHTHALMA (Pallas) Fabricius
PEAS XU, Ine, 2

Cancer ceratophthalmus PALLas.

Ocypode ceratophthalmus Faxricius, Suppl., 347. DEsMAREsT, Consid. sur
les Crust., 121, pl. xm, fig. 1. Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust.,
p. 48; Illust. Cuv. R. A. Crust., pl. xvir; Mél. Carcin., 105.

Ocypode brevicornis Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 326, pl. xx, fig. 3.

The length of the terminal process, or horn of the eye, affords no
distinctive character in the genus Ocypode, as this is generally want-

*Uca lactea (de Haan).
* Ocypode ippeus Olivier.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 109

ing in the young, and increases in size with age. This fact seems to
have been first noticed by Gersteecker. The examination of numer-
ous specimens of all ages, taken in the harbor of Hongkong, enables
us to determine that the growth of the process may commence earlier
in some specimens than in others, but never before the body of the
individual reaches the length of two-thirds of an inch. So that
specific distinctions must rest mainly upon other characters, for a
difference in the length of the horn, even in specimens of the same
age or size, does not necessarily indicate specific diversity.

It is probable that several spurious species have been founded
upon the different ages of O. ceratophthalma, to designate which,
however, an examination of the original specimens of the various
authors is necessary.

The figures represent the appearance of the eye at different ages.

This species in life is of a yellowish-white or light-gray color,
often finely punctate, and in the adult marked with two oblong brown
spots near the middle of the carapax. The parts about the mouth
are blotched with reddish-brown. Eye-peduncles brownish. Hands
white. There is sometimes a red spot on the third joint of the feet.

It was found by us at Hongkong, Loo Choo, the Bonin Islands,
the Hawaiian Islands, and at Tahiti. It lives, like its congeners, in
holes in the beaches at and above high-water mark.

171. OCYPODE CONVEXA Stimpson
BrAtEe OVE BiG:

Ocypode convexa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 100 [46],
1858.

A. single specimen only, a female, of this species was taken, which
may be thus described: Carapax much swollen, posteriorly broad and
spreading over the bases of the feet. Proportion of length to breadth,
1:11.07. Surface nearly smooth, the granules with which it is cov-
ered being much flattened. Antero-lateral angles prominent, acute;
the margin immediately behind these angles straight or slightly con-
cave. Internal suborbital lobe slender, dentiform, bifurcated.
Infraorbital margin with a notch near the middle. Buccal area
large, with convex sides. External maxillipeds strongly protuber-
ant, not closely fitting to each other within; their surface nearly
smooth, and more or less glossy; meros but little depressed at the
middle. Larger hand rather short and broad, dilated below; fingers
much compressed; outer surface depressed-granulated; edges small
toothed. Fingers of the smaller hand compressed and produced,

110 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

with somewhat truncated extremities. Ambulatory feet, with the
exception of the terminal joints, naked, nearly smooth, but slightly
rugose, the ruge being similar in character to those in O. ceratoph-
thalma, but much less strongly developed. Abdomen (of the fe-.
male) with the penult joint deeply sinuated ; the terminal joint set in
the bottom of the sinus, and reaching fully to, or a little beyond, the
bases of the maxillipeds. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.92;
breadth, between the orbital angles, 0.96 inch.

It differs from O. cordimana in the character of the maxillipeds,
smaller hand and feet.

Found at Simoda, Japan.

172. OCYPODE CORDIMANA Desmarest
IPAs DOW, IEC, 2

Ocypode cordimana DESMAREsT, Consid. sur les Crust., 121. MILNE
Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 107.

The species here referred to O. cordimana, is distinguished by its
convex, faintly granulated carapax, little oblique orbits, little prom-
inent orbital angle, immediately behind which the lateral margin is
convex. The dentiform internal suborbital lobe is compressed,
rather broad and smooth, not denticulated. The buccal area is
small, narrowed anteriorly, with straight sides, and is neatly covered
by the external maxillipeds, which are not protuberant, as in most
species. The surface of the maxillipeds is glossy, with a few
sparsely scattered granules or points; the meros-joint is depressed
in the middle, with a ridge on either side, as in O. ceratophthalma,
but not much granulated. The feet are nearly smooth, although
there are indications, on the meros- and carpus-joints, of the spinules
mentioned in Milne Edwards’s description. They are somewhat
pilose toward their extremities. Dactylus of last pair much curved
upward and outward. Abdomen of the male much broader than in
other species.

Found at Hongkong and at Loo Choo.

173. OCYPONE LEVIS Dana
Ocypode levis. DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 325, pl. xx,. fig. 2.

A small, well marked species, easily distinguished by the character
of the larger hand, which is much dilated below, and has very short
and thick fingers. Our specimen is somewhat larger than those
found by Dana.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

PLATE xv

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION Teer

It is distinguished from O. cordimana by the projecting orbital

angles and by the smoothness of the edges of the hands.
Taken at Hilo, Island of Hawaii.

GECARCINIDA:

Genus CARDISOMA Latreille

174. CARDISOMA GUANHUMI (Marcgrave) Latreille

Cancer guanhumi MARCGRAVE.
Cardisoma guanhumi LATREILLE, Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust.,
mi, 24; lllust. Cuv- R. A:, Crust., pl. xx; Mél. Carcin, p. 170.

A male individual, probably of this species, was found in its hole
in a cocoanut grove near the town of Porto Praya, Cape de Verde
Islands. In this specimen the carapax is exceedingly smooth, both
above and at the sides, and the antero-lateral line can scarcely be
traced ; these characters we find in adult males of C. guanhumi from
the American shores. But in these western specimens one of the
hands is greatly developed in size, with broadly gaping fingers, while
in the expedition specimen the hands resemble those of the young of
C. guanhumi, in which the lateral line is distinct. The wide differ-
ence in locality would lead us to consider the species different, but
we do not venture to separate it without seeing additional examples.

175. CARDISOMA OBESUM* Dana

Cardisoma obesum Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 375, pl. xx1v, fig. I.
Cardisoma urvillei Minnk Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 170.

This species was found living in holes in the gardens and along
> > D>
the streets in great numbers at Papiete, Island of Tahiti.

176. CARDISOMA HIRTIPES* Dana

Cardisoma hirtibes DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 376, pl. xxiv,
fig. 2.

Color in life reddish-brown; feet and inferior surface yellow. We
can discover no essential difference between the Loo Choo specimen
and those described by Dana from the Fiji Islands, with the single
exception that in ours, which is a male, the left hand is much larger
than the right, while in Dana’s the hands are equal.

"Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst).
*Cardisoma rotundum (Quoy and Gaimard).

Li2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

C. frontalis Milne Edwards (Mél. Carcin., p. 170) must be closely
allied to, if not identical with, this species, but appears to have two:
more complete rows of spines on the upper side of the penult joint

of the walking-feet.
This species was found in the paddy-fields at Loo Choo. The

fields lie mostly under water, and the animal probably burrows in
their banks.

BOSCIADA: os

Genus POTAMOCARCINUS Milne Edwards
1777 POTAMOCARCINUS ARMATUS‘* Milne Edwards

Potamocarcinus armatus MitNeE Epwarps, Arch. du Museum d’Hist. Nat.,
WAU, Dy 17a, oll, Sadat, Ines, 2,

We have but one specimen of this species, a small male, half an
inch in length. It differs somewhat from the large female described
by Milne Edwards, in that the carapax is punctated and, toward the
lateral margins, somewhat granulated. The second and third antero-
lateral teeth are bifid. Dactyli scarcely quadrangular, almost
rounded; also smaller and less spinulose.

It was found at Omotepec Island, in Lake Nicaragua, by Mr.
Charles Wright, botanist of the expedition.

MSVS LIP SIUSIUBZ8,
Genus GEOTHELPHUSA Stimpson

This name is proposed for that group of Thelphuse which is char-
acterized by the obsolescence of the postfrontal crest and the epi-
branchial teeth of the antero-lateral margins. In the shape of the
carapax they have some resemblance to the Gecarcinide, and they
approximate to that family also in their habits, frequenting the dry
land much more constantly than the typical Thelphuse.

178. GEOTHELPHUSA DEHAANT?’ Stimpson
PLATE XVII, Fic. 2

Thelphusa berardi Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 52, pl. va, fig. 2
(non Auct.).

Thelphusa dehaanit Wuire, Cat. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 30. Minne Epwarps,.
Mél. Carcin., p. 178.

* Potamocarcinus nicaraguensis Rathbun.
* Potamon (Potamonautes) dehaanii (White).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION I1l3

Geothelphusa dehaant Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 101
[47], 1858.

We give below the measurements of our specimen, a male. The
antepenult joint of the feet is not pilose:

Length of the carapax, 1.5; breadth, 1.9; length of greater hand,
2.02; breadth, 1.1; length of smaller hand, 1.2; breadth, 0.53 inch.

It was found on one of the Amakirrima Islands (near Loo Choo)
by the officers of the “John Hancock.”

179. GEOTHELPHUSA OBTUSIPES* Stimpson

Geothelphusa obtusipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. ror
[47], 1858.

Two females of this species were found. Carapax much flattened
above and posteriorly; anteriorly much curved. Length to breadth
as 1:1.26. Surface regular, covered with crowded punctations.
Anterior gastric lobules more prominent than in G. dehaani. ‘Trans-
verse suture at the middle of the carapax deeply impressed. Sides
rugose, with transverse striz; antero-lateral crest prominent cren-
ulated. The carpus-joint in the chelipeds is somewhat rugose above,
within small-tuberculated and bidentate, the inferior tooth small; the
hands and fingers are sparsely tuberculated. Ambulatory feet slen-
der; penult joint spinulose above and below; dactyli crowdedly spin-
ulose, especially toward the extremities, the terminal unguiculus not
reaching beyond the tips of the adjacent spinules, which gives the tips
of the feet an obtuse appearance.

Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.722; breadth, 0.915 inch.

Found on the Island of Ousima.

Genus THELPHUSA Latreille

180. THELPHUSA PERLATA*®* Milne Edwards

Thelphusa perlata Mi,NE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., u, 13. Krauss,
Sudafr. Crust., p. 37.

This crab was caught in a small stream near Constantia, Cape of

Good Hope.

*Potamon (Geothelphusa) obtusipes (Stimpson).
* Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatus (Milne Edwards).

Tid SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PARATHELPHUSA Milne Edwards

181. PARATHELPHUSA SINENSIS* Milne Edwards

Parathelphusa sinensis MuNe& Epwarps, Archives du Museum d Hist.
Nat., Vil, 173, pl. xt, fig. 2; Mél. Carcin., p. 179.

Carapax strongly convex, four-fifths as long as broad, scarcely
narrowed posteriorly. Postfrontal crest interrupted. Antero-
lateral margin short, four-toothed, including the angle of the orbit;
teeth about equal, sharply projecting, with smooth margins. The
distance from the orbital tooth to the tip of the posterior tooth
equals one-fourth the width of the carapax. Front horizontal, pro-
jecting, broad, lightly undulated, margin not at all angular over the
antenne. Postero-lateral surface striated transversely ; strize about
eight in number. Subhepatic region tuberculated behind the orbit ;
tubercles somewhat irregularly arranged, small, subequal, and
angular. Chelipeds minutely rugate transversely ; a small spine on
the meros and one on the carpus. Meros-joint of ambulatory feet
bearing a sharp spine near the summit.

Color in life dark brownish-olive above; the middle of the cara-
pax and the feet punctate with red. Below pale ferruginous. Di-
mensions of one of our specimens, a female: Length of carapax,
1.08; breadth, 1.36 inches.

Taken in the river at Whampoa, China. Milne Edwards gives
“Mers de la Chine’’ as the habitat. But it is certainly an inhabitant
of fresh, or at least brackish, waters.

GRAPSIDAL

Genus METOPOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards
182. METOPOGRAPSUS THUKUHAR? Milne Edwards

Grapsus thukuhar OwrEn, Zool, of Beechey’s Voy., p. 80, pl. xxiv, fig. 3.

Pachygrapsus parallelus RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vir, 124.

Goniograpsus thukujar Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 344.

Metopograpsus thukuhar Mune Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p.
Tigi

In this species the internal suborbital lobe sometimes joins the
front, but there is usually a sufficiently distinct though narrow hiatus
between them.

*Potamon (Parathelphusa) sinensis (Milne Edwards).
*Mectopograpsus messor (Forskal).

a

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 115

The color in life is bluish-gray above, clouded with blackish
puncte. Sometimes entirely black. Outer and under sides of
hands reticulated with purplish. Below white.

It inhabits the shores of protected harbors, among stones. A
lighter-colored variety lives in sandy coves, along the edges of salt
marshes. It also frequents the vicinity of the mouths of small
streams.

Found by us at Loo Choo, at the Bonin Islands, the Hawaiian
Islands, and at Tahiti. The species appears to be found at all the
tropical Pacific islands, both north and south of the equator.

183. METOPOGRAPSUS QUADRIDENTATUS Stimpson
IPE Nii KOWIL IRE, 2

Metopograpsus quadridentatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,
p. 102 [48], 1858.

Carapax quadrangular; proportion of length to breadth, I: 1.22.
It is considerably narrowed behind, rather smooth, glossy, very
moderately striated anteriorly and at the sides; the posterior half
perfectly smooth about the middle. Pregastric lobules little promi-
nent. Frontal region smooth, concave or transversely shallow,
channel-shaped. Front broad; margin undulated and sharply cren-
ulated. Lateral margin with one very sharp tooth behind the orbital
angle. Inner margin of meros-joint of the chelipeds with three
or four small tuberculiform teeth near the base and four acute teeth
at the anterior angle, the outer tooth very prominent, compressed,
with convex outer margin. Carpus with somewhat scabrous or
squamous upper surface, and a short, vertical 2- or 3-toothed crest
at the inner angle. Hand obsoletely squamous or tuberculous
above, below, and within; outer surface smooth. Ambulatory feet
sparsely hairy toward extremities; terminal spines or teeth of
meros, above and below, strong and sharp. Dimensions of the
male: Length of carapax, 0.74; breadth, 0.9; breadth of front, 0.54;
length of ambulatory foot of the second pair, 1.4 inches.

The only other quadridentate Metopograpsus known is M. ocean-
icus Milne Edwards (Grapsus oceanicus Hombr. and Jacq., Voy. au
Pole Sud, Crust., pl. vi, fig. 9), from which the species above de-
scribed differs widely in its smoother carapax and hands.

It was found at Cum-sing-moon, near Macao, China, running
about between tide marks.

116 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PACHYGRAPSUS (Randall) Stimpson

184. PACHYGRAPSUS MARMORATUS Stimpson

Cancer marmoratus FABRICIUS, HERBST.

Grapsus varius LATREILLE, MinNgE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 88.
Goniograpsus varius DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 344.
Leptograpsus marmoratus MinngE Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques,

Dy UBWo
Pachygrapsus marmoratus St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,

p. 102 [48], 1858.

Our specimens are small, none reaching the length of one inch,
and they are more depressed than any Mediterranean specimens
which have come under our notice.

They were found at the Island of Madeira.

185. PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES Randall.

Pachygrapsus crassipes RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v1, 127.
STIMPSON, Crust. Pacif. Coast N. A., p. 27.

Taken by us at Simoda, Japan. Iam unable to find a distinguish-
ing character, however minute, between the specimens from Japan
and those from California.

186. PACHYGRAPSUS SIMPLEX‘ Stimpson

Goniograpsus simplex Dana, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1, 344,
plexi, fig: 8.)

Pachygrapsus simplex Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 102
[48], 1858.

Our specimens of this species were taken at Madeira. They
agree exactly with those of Dana, who gives, with a doubt, Rio
Janeiro as the locality of his specimens. But they were probably
also from Madeira, as the U. S. Exploring Expedition stopped at
that island several days before proceeding to Rio.

187. PACHYGRAPSUS INNOTATUS’ Stimpson

Goniograpsus innotatus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 345, pl. xxX1,
fig. 9.
Pachygrapsus innotatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 102
[48], 1858.
Our specimens agree in every respect with those of Dana, except
in the more rugose carpus.

* Pachygrapsus maurus Ljcas.
* Pachygrapsus transversus Gibbes.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 1 7/

They were found in clefts of the surf-washed rocks above low-
water mark at Funchal, Madeira. The remark with regard to the
reputed locality of the last species applies equally well to this.

188. PACHYGRAPSUS LZAVIMANUS‘* Stimpson

Pachygrapsus levimanus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 102
[48], 1858.

This species has much resemblance to P. innotatus and P. rugu-
losus of the Atlantic shores, but the carapax is somewhat narrower
and smoother, the carpus nearly smooth, and the raised line on the
outer surface of the hand, parallel to its lower margin, is obsolete or
nearly so. The hiatus between the suborbital lobe and the front is
much wider and the basal joint of the antenne broader. The
ground color of the carapax is bluish-white, but this tint is almost
concealed by crowded transverse black lines and blotches. Feet
brownish. Beneath nearly white. Dimensions of the carapax in
a male: Length, 0.54; breadth, 0.65 inch. Proportion, I: 1.204.

It was found among stones at half-tide in Sydney Harbor (Port
Jackson), Australia.

189. PACHYGRAPSUS PLICATUS Stimpson

Grapsus plicatus Mi.NE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 89; Mélanges
Carcinologiques, p. 136.
Goniograpsus plicatus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 343.

A single specimen, a female, was found at Loo Choo. In this the
transverse plications are much more strongly marked than in speci-
mens from the Hawaiian Islands, particularly those on the superior
surface of the meros-joint of the posterior pair of feet.

Genus LEPTOGRAPSUS (Milne Edwards) Stimpson

190. LEPTOGRAPSUS VARIEGATUS (Fabricius) Milne Edwards

Cancer variegatus FABRICIUS.
Grapsus variegatus LATREILLE, MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust.
1, 87.
Leptograpsus variegatus MinNE Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p.
137.
Colors in life: The carapax is bluish-gray, everywhere trans-
versely lineated and blotched with black; feet often reddish.
This species was found in considerable numbers at Port Jackson,
Australia, running over the rocks at and above half-tide mark.

*Pachygrapsus transversus Gibbes.

118 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus GRAPSUS (Lamarck) Milne Edwards

191. GRAPSUS RUDIS* Milne Edwards

Grapsus rudis M1i,Ne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 87; Mélanges
Carcinologiques, p. 134.
Grapsus hirtus RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vin, 124.

Colors of the adult in life: Carapax above dark olive, with scat-
tered patches of white dots; below, mouth and parts adjacent red-
dish, with the exception of the epistome and meros-joint of the
maxillipeds, which are bluish. Abdomen bluish-white. Feet
reddish above, greenish-white below. Hands externally of a deep
blood color; tips of fingers white. In the largest of our specimens,
a female, the carapax measured 2.73 inches in length and 2.8 inches
in breadth.

This crab runs with greater velocity than any other seen during
the cruise. It is very abundant about the larger rocks, and the
young are sometimes found on stony and pebbly beaches. Found by
us in Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

192. GRAPSUS STRIGOSUS (Herbst) Latreille

Cancer strigosus HERBST.

Grapsus strigosus LATREILLE, MinNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 0,
87; Mel. Carcin., p. 135. .

Goniopsis strigosus DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., 33.

In this species the ambulatory feet are broad and shorter than
twice the breadth of the carapax. The posterior half of the carapax
at the middle, for more than one-third its breadth, is quite smooth.
The color in life is reddish and bluish above, mottled; below white.

It was found in the usual station on ocean shores at Loo Choo,
Hongkong, and in Gaspar Straits.

193. GRAPSUS WEBBI?* Milne Edwards

Grapsus strigosus BRULLE, Webb and Berthelot, Canaries, Crust., p. 15.
Grapsus webbi MILNE Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 133.

Found in Porto Praya, Cape de Verde Islands; also common at
Madeira.

*Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst).
* Grapsus grapsus (Linneus).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE XVI

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

ee:
x

diene
have atl
rar es

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 11g

194. GRAPSUS LONGIPES* Stimpson

Grapsus longipes St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 102 [48],
1858.

This Species is closely allied to G. strigosus, the carapax showing
nearly the same characters in every respect, except in being some-
what narrower anteriorly and a little more depressed across the
median region. In the proportions of the ambulatory feet, however,
considerable difference is perceptible, as they are much more slender
than in G. strigosus, and more than twice the breadth of the carapax
in length. The dactyli are more spinulose than in G. longitarsis
Dana, the front more expanded, the gastric region less tuberculous,
and the teeth or spines at the inferior extremity of the meros of the
walking feet longer. The dimensions of a male specimen are as
follows: Length of carapax, 1.22; breadth, 1.34 inches.

It was found at Kikaisima and at Hongkong.

195. GRAPSUS SUBQUADRATUS* Stimpson
PLATE XVI, Fic. 4

Grapsus subquadratus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 103
[49], 1858.

Allied to G. strigosus in the characters of the epistome, etc. Cara-
pax subquadrate; length to breadth, as 1: 1.13. It is broader in
front than in G. strigosus, and the sides are less arcuated. ‘The
transverse striz of the branchial regions are strongly marked, and
extend across nearly the whole width of the carapax, leaving only
the narrow depressed postcardiac region smooth, and even this por-
tion of the surface is obsoletely squamous. Pregastric region
strongly tuberculated, tubercles very numerous and subcristiform.
Frontal region short and considerably tuberculated. Frontal margin
crenulated. Inner tooth of carpus spiniform, very long, slender, and
sharp. Ambulatory feet in length equaling just twice the width of
the carapax; spines at inferior extremity of meros rather strong;
dactyli longer than in G. strigosus. Dimensions of carapax in the
male: Length, 1.11; breadth, 1.26 inches.

It is allied to G. longitarsis in the character of the front and
dactyli, but the branchial strize are much more produced inward.

It was found under stones below half-tide mark on the ocean
shore at Hilo, Island of Hawaii.

*Grapsus strigosus (Herbst).
* Grapsus longitarsis Dana.

120 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus GEOGRAPSUS Stimpson

The characters of this genus are given in the synopsis, page 101
[47]. It is sufficiently distinguished from Grapsus proper, in which
it is included by Milne Edwards, not only by its terrestrial habits
(which seem to have been hitherto unknown), but also in the shorter,
thicker body, shorter suborbital lobes, smaller antennze, and the
smoothly rounded inferior extremity of the meros-joint of the walk-
ing feet.

196. GEOGRAPSUS RUBIDUS* Stimpson
PLATE XVI, Fic. 3, 3a

Geograpsus rubidus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 103
[49], 1858.

Carapax moderately convex, widening considerably immediately
behind the second lateral tooth, so that the sides are anteriorly con-
vex and posteriorly slightly concave. Proportion of length to
breadth, 1:1.17. Transverse strize sharp, both anteriorly and pos-
teriorly. Anterior gastric lobules sufficiently prominent. Frontal
margin rather strongly crenulated. Surface of the meros-joint of
the outer maxillipeds conspicuously striated. Meros-joint of chel-
ipeds broad, with seven generally equal teeth on its anterior margin.
Upper surface of hand obliquely striated, striz tuberculated. Lower
surface of hand marked with strong, regular, somewhat distant
striz. Ambulatory feet sparsely provided with long setz ; the meros
very thin and much dilated; dactyli as long as or longer than the
penult joint.

In life the carapax is of a deep red or mahogany color above,
shining, becoming rather yellowish or orange toward the margins.
Feet paler. Hands often yellow. Color beneath yellowish-white.
Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length, 1.12; breadth, 1.31
inches.

This species is allied to G. crintpes Dana, in its long dactyli, but
may be distinguished by its more convex sides and the stronger and
more distant striz on the inferior surface of the hand.

It was found on Peel Island, one of the Bonin group, in October.
It usually occurred among damp leaves or under stones, most fre-
quently along the banks of mountain streams. It was sometimes
found near the seashore, and occasionally at great elevations.

*Geograpsus grayi (Milne Edwards).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 121

Genus NAUTILOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards

197. NAUTILOGRAPSUS MINUTUS' Milne Edwards

Cancer minutus LINN AUS.

Grapsus cinereus SAY.

Nautilograpsus minutus MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 90;
Mel. Carcin., p. 140.

Planes minutus Bett, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 346.

Our largest specimen, a male, has the following dimensions:
Length of carapax, 0.74; breadth, 0.79 inch. It is, therefore, not
“beaucoup plus longue que large,’ as stated by Milne Edwards.
The tooth behind the orbital angle is often nearly obsolete.

It is common on floating logs, seaweed (Sargassum), etc., in the
North Atlantic between the 20th and 36th parallels of latitude. We
did not observe it in the South Atlantic.

198. NAUTILOGRAPSUS ANGUSTATUS' Stimpson
ID TWATEN OV lem eee

Nautilograpsus angustatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.
103 [49], 1858.

Carapax smooth, narrow ; proportion of breadth to length, 1: 1.14.
Branchial regions lightly striated transversely. Gastric lobules
sufficiently distinct, but not prominent. Front narrow, much ad-
vanced, its margin lightly sinuated. Frontal region concave. Lat-
eral margins nearly straight, parallel; a single small tooth behind
the orbital tooth ; margin acute between the teeth and for a little dis-
tance behind the posterior tooth, terminating at a slight oblique
sulcus on the branchial region, perhaps indicating a third, obsolete
tooth. Behind this point the margins are obtuse. Ambulatory feet
rather less broad than in other species of the genus. The dimen-
sions of our unique (female) specimen, which is probably immature,
are: Length of carapax, 0.24; breadth, 0.21 inch.

It differs from N. pusillus in its less prominent second marginal
tooth; from \. cyaneus in its more advanced front and less smooth
surface. From both these species, and from \’. minutus, it differs
in its narrower carapax.

It was taken in the North Pacific Ocean, in latitude 34° N., longi-
fide igs WV:

* Planes minutus (Linnzeus).

122 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PLAGUSIA Latreille

199. PLAGUSIA TOMENTOSA‘ Milne Edwards

Cancer chabrus LINNa&usS, Syst. Nat., 1044 (fide WHITE).
Plagusia tomentosa MiNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., m, 92. Mc-
LEAy, in Smith’s Illust. Zool. S. Afr., Annulosa, p. 66. Dana, U. S.

Explore xpedsn Crust.) m1370:
Plagusia capensis DE HAAN, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 58.
Plagusia chabrus Wurte, Cat. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 42.

White refers this species, perhaps justly, to the Cancer chabrus of
Linneus. But the identification does not appear to rest upon com-
parison of the original specimens, and until this is made we prefer
to use a name to which we can refer with certainty.

It is rather common about the rocks at half-tide in Simon’s Bay,

Cape of Good Hope.

200. PLAGUSIA DENTIPES De Haan

Plagusia dentipes Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, p. 58, pl. vii,
fig. 1. MriingE Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 144.

Young specimens, probably of this species, were taken at Simoda.

201. PLAGUSIA SQUAMOSA°® (Herbst) Dana

Cancer squamosus Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 1, 260, pl. xx,
iayee, INES

Plagusia squamosa DANA (non M. Epw.), U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1,
368.

The Atlantic form differs constantly from the East Indian species
usually called Plagusia squamosa in the dentation of the superior
lobe or crest of the ischium-joint of the second and third ambulatory
feet, which is always armed with two or three teeth. Herbst’s figure
represents this species, to which we would therefore restrict his
name squamosus, notwithstanding that he gives the East Indies as
its habitat.

It is common at Madeira.

202. PLAGUSIA ORIENTALIS® Stimpson

? Plagusia tuberculata LAMARCK, An. s. vert., V, 247.
Plagusia squamosa MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., m, 94; Meél.
Carcin., 144.

* Plagusia chabrus (Linneus).
* Plagusia depressa (Fabricius).
* Plagusia tuberculata Lamarck.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 123

Plagusia orientalis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 103 [49],
1858.

In this species the superior lobe of the ischium in the second and
third pairs of walking feet is prominent and dentiform, but never
denticulated—at least not in any of the specimens which we have
seen. .

The name P. tuberculata was applied by Lamarck by mistake to a
specimen in which the pubescence had been rubbed off the carapax.
This specimen may have belonged to this species, but in the uncer-
tainty we have thought best to apply a new name.

The species was found by us at the Hawaiian Islands and on the
outer shores of Hongkong.

203. PLAGUSIA DEPRESSA‘’ (Fabricius) Latreille

- Cancer depressus Fasricius, Suppl., 343. Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u.
Krebse, 1, 117, pl. 11, fig. 35.

Grapsus depressus LATREILLE, Hist. Crust. et Ins., vi, 66.

Plagusia tmmaculata LAMARCK, An. s. vert., V, 247.

Plagusia depressa LATREWLE, Encye. Méth., x, 147. Minne Epwarps,
Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 93; Mél. Carcin., p. 145. Dawa, U. S. Expl.
Exped., Crust., 1, 369.

Philyra depressa DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., 31.

This species in life is elegantly variegated with crimson and yel-
lowish. Specimens from Hongkong and Loo Choo are much
smoother than others. Besides these localities, it was found by Mr.
Squires, of the “Hancock,” abundantly in Gaspar Strait, some-
times “attached to floating wood,” and by Lieut. Van Wycke, of the
“Porpoise,” at Tomboro, or New Ireland.

Genus ACANTHOPUS De Haan
204. ACANTHOPUS PLANISSIMUS* (Herbst) Dana

Cancer planissimus Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 111, 3, pl. Lrx,
jikegs Se

Plagusia clavimana DESMAREST, MILNE Epwarps, ef al.

Acanthopus clavimanus Dk Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 30.

Acanthopus planissimus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1,°373. MILNE
Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 146.

The following are the life colors of a specimen from Port Llovd,
found by Mr. Kern: Carapax above bright red, inclining to orange,
with median bluish-white line, from which two bluish-white patches

*? Plagusia tuberculata Lamarck.
* Percnon planissimum (Herbst).

124 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

diverge obliquely forward. Feet lineated with darker red. Beiow
everywhere bluish-white.

It was found in the Pacific at Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands, and at
Hawaii; in the Atlantic at Madeira. We cannot distinguish the Ma-
deira specimens from those found in the Pacific by any constant
character, though it is not improbable that such will be found when a
sufficiently large series of examples from both regions shall be ex-
amined.

These crabs are found under stones on ocean shores, and are very
active, sliding out of sight very quickly when exposed in their haunts.

Genus VARUNA Milne Edwards
205. VARUNA LITTERATA (Fabricius) Milne Edwards

Cancer litteratus Fapricius, Herpst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 11,
58, pl. XLviti, fig. 4.

Varuna litterata M1LNE Epwarps, Dict. class. d’Hist. Nat., xvi, 511, 1830;
Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 95; Mel. Carcin., 142.

Trichopus litteratus DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., 32. Dana, U. S. Expl.
Exped., Crust., 1, 336.

Among a large number of specimens collected by the expedition
there are none with spines upon the anterior margin of the meros-
joint in the chelipeds. Perhaps this is a character only found in old
males, as there are no males in our collection much exceeding an inch
in length, although we have many large females.

The coloration is very uniform in this species
above and light yellow below; the feet paler.

It was taken very abundantly during summer about the mouth of
the Canton River, in brackish water, and sometimes as far up as the
city of Canton. It was usually found swimming at the surface, but
sometimes on the muddy banks above low-water mark.

Specimens were also found among floating wood in Gaspar Strait
by Captain Rodgers, then in the steamer “Hancock.”

yellowish-brown

Genus ERIOCHIRUS De Haan
-206. ERIOCHIRUS JAPONICUS* De Haan

Eriocheir japonicus Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 59, pl. XxvIr.
Eriochirus japonicus Mi,Nk Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 142.

In life the color is above very dark brownish-gray, closely punc-
tate; below white, or cream-colored.

*Eriocheir japonicus de Haan.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 125

It was taken in the seine on sandy shores near the mouths of
streams in the Bay of Hakodadi, Island of Jesso.

207. ERIOCHIRUS RECTUS* Stimpson

Eriochirus rectus St1Mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 103 [40],
1858.

Carapax depressed, broad posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly;
length to greatest breadth as 1: 1.06. Surface somewhat uneven, as
in E. japonicus, but smooth and punctate. Pregastric lobules little
salient. Front waved, indistinctly four-lobed; median sinus very
shallow. Lateral margins nearly straight, converging; four teeth on
each side, the posterior one rudimentary. Outer maxillipeds and
pterygostomian regions pubescent. Chelipeds of moderate size;
meros with granulated edges, the tooth near its summit very small;
carpus with the encircling ridge of upper surface pubescent, and the
tooth at the inner angle small; hand with a thick tuft of hair on
outer surface; fingers strongly sulcated. The first three ambulatory
feet are slender toward their extremities. ‘The meros-joint of the
ambulatory feet is ciliated above. The dactyli are shorter than in
E. japonicus and less curved. Dimensions of the unique female
specimen described: Length of carapax, 0.92; breadth, 0.975 ; length
of third ambulatory foot, 2 inches.

It is allied to E. japonicus, but is more depressed, and easily dis-
tinguished by its straight converging sides and less distinctly lobed
front.

Taken near Macao, China.

Genus HETEROGRAPSUS (Lucas) Milne Edwards

This genus was first proposed by Lucas in 1849, but has only re-
cently been illustrated and placed on a firm basis by Milne Edwards,
in his “Mélanges Carcinologiques.” The genus Hemigrapsus of
Dana is composed in part.of Heterograpsi, but his Hemigrapsus
crassimanus and H. affinis seem to us to belong more properly to Cyr-
tograpsus of the same author, a very distinct and well-marked genus
(notwithstanding it is disregarded by Milne Edwards), forming a
passage to the Varunacee. Pseudograpsus nudus and P. oregonen-
sis of Dana will fall into this genus. In these crabs the meros of the
outer maxillipeds is not auriculated, as in Pseudograpsus proper.

* Eriocheir rectus Stimpson.

126 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

208. HETEROGRAPSUS PENICILLATUS‘* (De Haan) Stimpson

Eriocheir penicillatus De Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 60, pl. x1, fig. 6.
Heterograpsus penicillatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.
104 [50], 1858.

Distinguished from HZ. crenulatus and allied species by the lanosity
of the hands; from H. oregonensis in its nearly straight and dilated
front.

This species lives at and above low-water mark on sandy or muddy
shores. It was found in great abundance in a muddy estuary at
Simoda, Japan; also under stones on coarse sand in a bay on the coast
of China, opposite Hongkong.

209. HETEROGRAPSUS OREGONENSIS* (Dana) Stimpson

Pseudograpsus oregonensis DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 334, pl.
xx, fig. 6. Stimpson, Crust. Pacific Coast N. Am., p. 28.

In this species the external side of the meros-joint of the outer
maxillipeds is scarcely at all dilated, but other characters indicate a
true affinity with Heterograpsus.

Found on sandy or muddy shores in sheltered bays, above low-
water mark. Taken by us at San Francisco.

210. HETEROGRAPSUS SANGUINEUS* (De Haan) Milne Edwards

Grapsus sanguineus Dk HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 58, pl. xvi, fig. 3.
Heterograpsus sanguineus Mine Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques,
p. 159.

Closely allied to H. serdentatus and H. nudus, but differs from
both in the smoothness of the infraorbital crest, which is only micro-
scopically crenulated. It has no hairs or lanose spots on the hands.

A single specimen from China differs from North Japanese exam-
ples in its somewhat hairy feet, etc., and perhaps belongs to a dis-
tinct species. ‘The coloration of this specimen is as follows: Above,
dark porphyry purple, minutely mottled: A few small white spots
on the feet. Below white, except the feet, which are pale purplish
toward their extremities.

It was found among stones at low-water mark on the shores of a
bay near Hongkong.

* Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan).
* Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Dana).
*Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 127

Typical examples of the species were taken abundantly on the
shores of the Straits of Sangar by Messrs. Brooks and Kern, and
by the officers of the “Hancock.”

211. HETEROGRAPSUS NUDUS* (Dana) Stimpson

Pseudograpsus nudus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 335, pl. xx,
fig. 7. Stimpson, Pacific Coast N. A., Crust., p. 20.

Heterograpsus marmoratus MiNeE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 159.

Heterograpsus nudus St1mMpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 104
[50], 1858.

Found about the entrance of San Francisco Bay, among rocks and
stones, not far below high-water mark.

Genus PSEUDOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards

212. PSPEUDOGRAPSUS ALBUS Stimpson

Pseudograpsus albus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 104
[50], 1858.

Small; carapax much flattened, smooth and glossy; proportion of
length to breadth, 1: 1.14. Epigastric lobules distinct. Posterior
cardiac region defined. Front broad, depressed, nearly horizontal.
Frontal margin thickened, straight or slightly convex, sufficiently
projecting. Antero-lateral margin with two slight emarginations
behind the angle of the orbit, indicating three minute teeth. Exter-
nal maxillipeds with the external angle of the meros-joint dilated
and rounded. Chelipeds short, smooth, and glossy; inner angle of
carpus prominent, acute; hand smooth on both sides, palm much
shorter than the carpus; a tuft of short hair on the outside between
the bases of the fingers. Ambulatory feet flattened, smooth, with
neither granules nor spines on any part; penult and terminal joints
somewhat hairy below; dactyli tapering, sulcated. Abdomen of the
male rather narrow, tapering; penult joint subpentagonal, terminal
joint oblong.

Color white, with a few scattered grayish dots and puncte. Dimen-
sions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.27; breadth, 0.282 inch.

Found under stones above low-water mark, on gravel, in a small
harbor on the southern side of Kikaisima.

* Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana)

128 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PLATYGRAPSUS! Stimpson

This name was proposed in the Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for the genus called Platynotus by
De Haan, this latter name having several times been previously used,
and more than once for articulates.

213. PLATYGRAPSUS DEPRESSUS‘* (De Haan) Stimpson

Platynotus depressus DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 63, pl. vi, fig. 2.
MinNE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 165.

Easily recognized by its flat, glossy carapax, which is of a brown-
ish color, often variegated with yellowish white, purple, red, or
black. The greatest breadth is at the second lateral tooth.

De Haan’s figure of this species is poor, contrary to the usual accu-
racy seen in his work, and his description is defective in some points.
The dactyli of the posterior pair of feet are not trigonal, but de- -
pressed and sulcated. ‘The inner angle of the carpus is rounded only
in very old specimens; in those of moderate size and in the young
this angle forms a sharp tooth or short spine. Finally the species is
not found “in fluviis montanis,”’ but is a true marine form, living on
eravelly shores above low-water mark.

It is the most common crab found on the shores of Japan, its geo-
graphical limits extending from 42° north latitude to the coast of
China, in latitude 23° N. We took it at Hongkong, at Loo Choo,
Ousima, and Kikaisima, at the Bonin Islands, Kagosima Bay,
Simoda, the northeast coast of Niphon, and in Hakodadi Bay.

It seems to reach a larger size progressively as we go north, the
largest being from Hakodadi, in one of which the carapax measures
1.02 inches in length and 1.23 inches in breadth. The Loo Choo
specimens are remarkable in being of a deep purplish-red color, with
feet tipped with orange, fingers tipped with white.

214. PLATYGRAPSUS CONVEXIUSCULUS*® Stimpson

Pirate XVII, Fic. 3

Platygrapsus convexiusculus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,.
p. 104 [50], 1858.

This species will be best described by a comparison with P. depres-
sus, to which it is very closely allied. The carapax is broader and

*Getice Gistel, Natur. Thierreichs, p. x, 1848, substituted for Platynotus
de Haan, preoccupied.

*Getice depressus (De Haan).

°Getice convexiusculus (Stimpson).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

5

PLATE XVII

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 129

less depressed, the posterior portion being a little convex trans-
versely. The surface is somewhat uneven, but smooth and glabrous.
The gastric lobes are more prominent. Front broader, more in-
clined, and less projecting, with the median sinus broader and deeper.
The second lateral tooth is sharp, more projecting, and more widely
separated from the first or orbital angle. The infraorbital margin is
more coarsely crenated. In other respects it is like P. depressus.
Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.42; breadth, 0.51 inch.
EGOpORioOn. 10.21
Found at Loo Choo.

Genus PTYCHOGNATHUS Stimpson

Carapax flat above; antero-lateral margins acute, emarginated.
Buccal area and maxillipeds very broad, but narrowed posteriorly.
Exognath of outer maxillipeds greatly developed, as broad as the
ischium of the endognath. No piliferous crest on the endognath;
commissure of ischium and meros transverse; meros not es long,
but twice as broad as the ischium, and very strongly auriculated at
the antero-external angle, the auricle being nearly as large as the
main body of the joint. Feet as in Pseudograpsus, etc.; hand not
piliferous. Last joint of the sternum considerably exposed on
either side of the abdomen. Abdomen of the male rather narrow.
Terminal joint of female abdomen free.

This genus is founded on a single species from the eastern seas,
which is remarkable for the flatness of its dorsal surface. It is
allied to Pseudograpsus and to Platygrapsus, but sufficiently dis-
tinct from both in the character of its outer maxillipeds, from the
former by the great breadth of these members, and from the latter
by the‘transverse commissure of the endognath.

215. PTYCHOGNATHUS GLABER Stimpson
PLATS XVII, Fic. 5, 5¢

Ptychognathus glaber Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 104
[50], 1858.

Carapax perfectly flat above, not at all deflexed anteriorly, and
very little sloped at the postero-lateral margins. Proportion of
length to breadth, 1: 1.21. The H-shaped suture at the middle is
deeply impressed. Gastric lobules obsolete. Surface smooth, punc-
tate. Front broad, margin waved and grooved. Antero-lateral
margin bidentate, there being one slight emargination behind the

9

——. ©

130 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

angle of the orbit. ‘The external suborbital lobe is obsolete. Infra-
orbital crest inconspicuously crenulated. In the outer maxillipeds
the exognath is always smooth; the endognath sometimes pubescent.
Chelipeds large, smooth; meros with ciliated margins; carpus obtuse’
within; hand broad, little convex, smooth within; fingers somewhat
gaping, denticulated within. Ambulatory feet sparsely hairy, to-
mentose toward their extremities; dactyli robust, sulcated. Color
dark yellowish brown, often covered with a blackish incrustation.
Dimensions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.56; breadth, 0.68 inch.

This species lives in holes in gravelly mud, along the shores of
ponds of brackish water, at the mouths of streams. Found in Port
Lloyd, Bonin Island.

Genus ACMAMOPLEURA Stimpson

In the characters of the orbits, antennz, abdomen, etc., this genus
agrees with Cyclograpsus—at least with that section of it in which
the orbits are nearly complete below. The lateral margins of the
carapax are entire. The outer maxillipeds, howgver, nearly re-
semble those of Heterograpsus, being destitute of an oblique pilifer-
ous crest; their sides are straight; the meros-joint is square, equal-
ing the ischium in length, and marked on its surface with a some-
what oblique sulcus which is not continued on to the ischium; the
palpus is prosarthroid, and finally the exognath is narrow. The
hands are lanose at or between the bases of the fingers.

This genus, being founded upon a single small specimen, needs
further illustration. The characters above mentioned forbid its
being included in any genus previously described.

216. ACMAHOPLEURA PARVULA Stimpson
PATRON ECs

Acmeopleura parvula Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 105
[51], 1858.

Carapax flat, broadest at the antero-lateral angles. Length to
breadth as 1:1.105. Surface smooth, except anteriorly, where it is
minutely rugate and moderately curving downward. Median gas-
tric sulcus distinct. Front rather prominent, its margin somewhat
convex. ‘Antero-lateral margin acute. Infraorbital crest broadly
3- or 4-lobed; lobes smooth. Chelipeds equal, smooth externally ;
hand with three or four strong granules at the middle of the inner
surface and a lanose surface externally between the bases of the

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION I31

fingers. Ambulatory feet slender, setose; setee very short, arranged
on the superior longitudinal crests, there being one of these on the
meros and two or three on the next three joints; a few long fine
hairs below. Abdomen of the male tapering; penult joint pen-
tagonal.

Color in life above light opaque red, brightest on the chelipeds.
The surface is clean and shining. Dimensions of the carapax in
the male: Length, 0.19; breadth, 0.21 inch.

Found under stones among pebbles in the third subregion of the
littoral zone, on ocean shores at the Island of Ousima.

Genus CYCLOGRAPSUS Milne Edwards

217. CYCLOGRAPSUS LONGIPES Stimpson

Cyclograpsus longipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 105
[51]. 1858.

Carapax subtrapezoidal; much narrowed anteriorly, and much
flattened above. Length to posterior breadth as 1:1.21. Surface
smooth and glabrous except toward the margins and frontal region,
where it is minutely rugate transversely. Epigastric lobules dis-
tinct, though not prominent. On the antero-lateral margins there
are often obscure indications of two or three obsolete teeth. Orbits
nearly complete below, as in C. integer. Infraorbital crest 3- or
4-lobed externally. Oblique crest of outer maxillipeds on the
ischium-joint passing almost longitudinally close to the margin.
Chelipeds short; hand inflated, smooth within and without. Am-
bulatory feet very slender, more than twice as long as the carapax;
meros minutely rugulose transversely; penult joint and dactylus
setose ; dactylus long, cylindrical, not tapering, and sulcated. Abdo-
men of the male rather narrow, somewhat tapering, but less so than
in C. punctatus; last joint much narrower than the penult. The
form of the abdomen is between that of C. cinereus and C. punctatus.
It is in life fawn-colored above, darker anteriorly; below much
paler; abdomen whitish. Eyes of a dark mahogany color. Dimen-
sions of a male: Length of carapax, 0.28; breadth, posteriorly, 0.34;
length of second pair of ambulatory feet, 0.63 inch.

Found under stones at the depth of one fathom, on coral gravel,
in Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

eS ee ee

. on)

132 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

218. CYCLOGRAPSUS PUNCTATUS Milne Edwards

Cyclograpsus punctatus Mi,NE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 78;
Mél. Carcin., p. 163.

Gnathochasmus barbatus McL&ay, in Smith’s Illust. Zool. S$. Africa, Crust.,
pl. 11.

Living specimens are of a purplish-brown color, with black
puncte.

It lives among rocks and stones on sandy shores, in the third sub-
region of the littoral zone. Found at Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good
Hope; also in the harbor of Hongkong, China.

219. CYCLOGRAPSUS AUDOUINI Milne Edwards

Cyclograpsus audouim Mine Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 78; Meél.
Carcin., p. 163.

Our specimens belong in all probability to the species here quoted,
but the distinctions of species in this genus are so slight that it may
well be different. The dactyli of the walking feet are much thicker
than in the specimens referred to C. audowint by Dana.

The color in life was red, much darker on the anterior part of the
carapax; in some specimens there were minute white markings.
Hands paler; feet rather dark above. Below, body and members
white. The dimensions of the largest specimen, a male, are: Length
of carapax, 0.88; breadth, 1.09 inches.

It is common under stones above half-tide mark in Port Jackson
or Sydney Harbor, Australia.

Genus CHASMAGNATHUS De Haan

The genus Chasmagnathus is very closely allied to Helice, and we
can see no sufficient reason for placing these genera in separate
families, as is done by Milne Edwards in his ““Mélanges Carcin-
ologiques.” The arcuated sides of Chasmagnathus is almost the
only character in which it resembles the Cyclograpsacee. The
jugal regions are as distinctly reticulated as in Sesarma; the front,
orbits, antennz, etc., are as in Helice, and the outer maxillipeds only
differ from those of the latter genus in being more elongated.

The species described by Dana are intermediate between Chas-
magnathus and Helice, and some of them seem to belong properly
to the latter genus.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION . 133

220. CHASMAGNATHUS CONVEXUS De Haan

Chasmagnathus convexus Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 56, pl. vu,
fig. 5. Minne Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 166.

Our specimen is a male, a little smaller than that figured by De
Haan. In this the lateral margins are sufficiently arcuated and
their notches rather broad. The granules of the surface are smaller.

It was taken in the paddy fields, which are more or less covered
with fresh water, at Loo Choo.

Genus HELICE De Haan
221. HELICE TRIDENS De Haan

Helice tridens DE HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 57, pl. x1, fig. 2, and
xv, fig. 6. Minn& Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 155.

Taken on the shores of a muddy estuary at Simoda, Japan; also
at Ousima and Loo Choo.

Genus SESARMA Say
222. SESARMA INTERMEDIA (De Haan) Milne Edwards

Pachysoma intermedium Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 61, pl. xvi,
fig. 5.
Sesarma intermedia MILNE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 152.

The specimens which are here referred to S. intermedia are some-
what broader than those of the species figured by De Haan, and the
hand is more rugose above. With the exception of the marginal
tooth behind the orbital angle, they resemble in nearly every respect
S. dehaani, of which this is possibly a variety. )

The color in life was yellowish-gray, mottled with brownish.
Hands white.

Found in paddy fields and in mud along fresh water ditches on
the shores of the island of Ousima; also taken at Simoda and at
Hongkong.

223. SESARMA SINENSIS Milne Edwards
Sesarma sinensis MILNE Epwarps, Mélanges Carcinologiques, p. 152.

This species is briefly described by Milne Edwards as follows:
“Carapace presque carrée et faiblement sillonnée. Mains arrondies
en dessus et verruqueuses, mais sans crétes pectinées. Pattes gréles,

134. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

a dactylopodites tres allongés, comprimés et epineux.—Mers de
Chine.”

Our crab agrees pretty well with this description. The hand is,
however, rather tuberculated than verrucose, and the armature of .-
the dactyli consists rather of very stiff setee than spines, as they are
flexible, and jet black in color.

The carapax is considerably flattened above, and less uneven than
is usual. ‘The anterior margins of the epigastric lobules are in the
same straight line. The feet are slender, with narrow meros-joints.
Color yellowish brown, mottled.

Found on marshy shores in the harbor of Hongkong, China.

224. SESARMA BIDENS (De Haan) Dana

Pachysoma bidens DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 60, pl. xvi, fig. 4, and
Sais Dee, ZL,

Sesarma bidens Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 353. MILNE
Epwarps, Mel. Carcin., p. 151.

Inhabits muddy estuaries. Taken at Simoda and at Hongkong.
From the former locality we have but one specimen, a female, in
which the oblique superior crests of the hand are scarcely pectinated,
and there are only small tubercles on the superior edge of the mova-
ble finger.

The Hongkong specimens agree in every respect with De Haan’s
species except that the meros-joints of the walking feet are some-
what less dilated and the carapax less abundantly setose anteriorly.

225. SESARMA DEHAANI Milne Edwards

Pachysoma quadratum Dk Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 62, pl. vu, fig. 3.
Sesarma dehaant M1iNE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 150.

Color in life yellowish, clouded with black anteriorly and with
olive posteriorly. Beneath yellowish-green; meros of chelipeds red-
dish. Hands lemon colored. In specimens from Whampoa the
hands were white externally and the eyes bright yellow. The cara-
pax is sometimes bright purplish anteriorly.

Of this species the largest and finest specimens (in some of which
the carapax measured 1.83 inches in length and 1.95 inches in
breadth) were found at Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands, where they live
in holes in the banks of fresh-water streams near their embouchure.
It is a very courageous animal, defending itself successfully from
the attacks of small dogs. It also occurred in brackish water at
Whampoa, China, and at Simoda, in Japan.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 135

226. SESARMA PICTA (De Haan) Milne Edwards

Pachysoma pictum DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 61, pl. xvi, fig. 6.
Sesarma picta MitNe Epwarps, Meél. Carcin., p. 150.

Found at Ousima.

227. SESARMA RUPICOLA Stimpson
Pi Ninoy ROWAUT, TRIKE, i, ae, iil

Sesarma rupicola Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 106 [52],
1858.

Carapax depressed, quadrate, much broader than long; proportion
of length to breadth, 1: 1.19. Surface very uneven, anteriorly trans-
versely rugulose. Anterior gastric lobules well marked; those of
the middle pair with oval spaces at the summits, as if eroded. Frontal
region somewhat minutely tuberculated ; frontal margin waved. Lat-
eral margins straight, entire, but sometimes with obscure indications
of two or three teeth, best seen in a side view. Epistome partly
granulated. Chelipeds (of female) of moderate size; inner edge of
meros crenulated as far as the triangular tooth at the apex, anterior
edge nearly smooth; surface of carpus with short granulated ruge.
Hand on the outer surface smooth toward the extremities, but granu-
lated above and posteriorly; granules small, those of the superior
surface arranged in three or four oblique but nearly longitudinal
rows, not parallel; a small, sharp, denticulated tooth on the upper
edge of the hand at the base of the dactylus; inner surface granu-
lated, granules scattered; dactylus ornamented above with two or
three longitudinal rows of very small tubercles. Ambulatory feet
rather long; meros only moderately dilated; last two joints moder-
ately provided with short, stiff hairs.

In life carapax black, with a few small bluish-white blotches ; feet
pale grayish, mottled. Below bluish-grey. Fingers and lower sur-
face of the hand pale reddish-white. Dimensions of the female:
Length of carapax, 0.78; breadth, 0.92 inch.

It is closely allied to S. affinis, but differs from this as well as from
S. quadrata in its less dilated meros-joints, from S. picta in its less
oblique and non-pectinated crests of the hand and non-plicated fin-
ger. There is also no tuberculated ridge on the inner surface of the
hand.

This species differs in its habits from most of the genus Sesarma.
It lives among rocks at about half-tide, on shores more or less ex-
posed to the surf. Found in Fou-kow Bay, in the island of Ousima.

(0). SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

228. SESARMA ANGUSTIPES Dana

Sesarma angustipes DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 353, pl. xxt,
fig. 7.

Found at Greytown or San Juan, on the eastern coast of Central
America, by Mr. Charles Wright, botanist of the expedition.

229. SESARMA VESTITA Stimpson
Priate XIII, Fic. 6

Sesarma vestita Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 106 [52],
1858.

In this species the form is’ depressed, and the body and feet are
covered above with setz or hairs, irregular in length, but short, en-
tangling sordes, and mostly arranged in transverse lines. Carapax
quadrate, broadest anteriorly, at the sharp orbital angles, which
project considerably. Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.03. Sur-
face uneven, with smooth, low prominences. Sides in a vertical
sense rounded, except just behind the orbital angle; the line sepa-
rating the dorsum from the reticulated latero-inferior regions is,
however, distinctly raised. There are no lateral teeth behind the
orbital angle. Anterior gastric lobules convex, smooth, the middle
ones much the largest. Frontal region short, uneven, glossy; the
margin waved. Outer maxillipeds small. Chelipeds small, even in
the male; inner edge of meros smooth, but with the projecting angle
near its inner extremity slightly denticulated ; carpus nearly smooth ;
hand with two or three slight, nearly transverse superior crests, that
near the base of the dactylus longest and most prominent; fingers
externally smooth; dactylus with acute superior edge. Ambulatory
feet moderately long; meros large, much dilated, with subscabrous
surface, its extero-inferior angle rounded and denticulated, the other
joints toward extremity slender; dactyli very slender, smooth, with
sharp, much-curved tips. : ;

Color in life greenish-gray, mottled; feet somewhat annulated.
Dimensions of a female: Length of carapax, 0.29; breadth, 0.3 inch.

Found under stones on a gravelly beach in a small harbor of
Kikaisima ; also at Ousima.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION ASF

Genus HOLOMETOPUS Milne Edwards
230. HOLOMETOPUS HAIMATOCHEIR ‘(De Haan) Milne Edwards

Pachysoma hematocheir Dk HAAN, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 67, pl. vu, fig. 4.
Holometopus hematocheir MitNE Epwarps, Mél. Carcin., p. 154.

The post-frontal ridge, although straight, is always separated into
four divisions by slight emarginations, indicating the normal proto-
gastric lobules.

Found on the shores of a muddy estuary at Simoda; also at Ou-
sima and at Hongkong.

CAMPTANDRIIDA®

Genus CAMPTANDRIUM Stimpson

Carapax subhexagonal, facial region in breadth equalling two-
thirds that of the carapax, front scarcely exceeding in extent a fourth
part of the width of the carapax; its margin strongly waved in the
perpendicular plane, but nearly straight when seen from above.
Antero-lateral margin oblique, straight or slightly concave, armed
with three small somewhat distant teeth, the third or lateral tooth
prominent, and projecting directly outward. Postero-lateral margin
convex. Posterior margin about equal in length to the anterior
margin or width of facial region. Upper surface unequal, with
three or four interrupted transverse ridges, which are very promi-
nent and somewhat pubescent in the male, but much less distinct in
the female; gastric region small; the anterior median lobules suff-
ciently prominent; hepatic regions large; genital and cardiac regions
very broad. Eyes of moderate length; orbits transverse, with large
infero-exterior sinus; internal suborbital lobe small, dentiform, not
joining the front; inferior margin of orbit and infraorbital crest ap-
proximated, and not produced exteriorly beyond the outer angle of
the orbit. Antennulz oblique, in deep fossettes. Antennz short;
the basal joint small, rounded; third joint lying in the internal hiatus
of the orbit. Epistome of moderate extent. Latero-inferior regions
smooth. Anterior margin of buccal area deeply waved in the verti-
cal plane; median septum strongly prominent. Palate abbreviated,
smooth. External maxillipeds rather short and broad, smooth,
squarish, not gaping; exognath palpigerous, but not bearing a tooth

1 Sesarma hematocheir (De Haan).

138 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

on its inner margin, slender and half concealed beneath the en-
dognath, the portion next the ischium only being exposed to view ;
endognath broad, ischium quadrate; meros-joint equaling the
ischium in length and much broader than long, broadly auriculated .
at the external angle, the auricle protruding forward and not side-
ways; palp prosarthroid, inserted at the bottom of the sinus in the
anterior side of the meros. Chelipeds rather small and weak, un-
armed; those of the female with fingers resembling those of the
female Gelasimus. Ambulatory feet slender, unarmed, smooth,
pubescent near the base; meros-joint with a ridge on the posterior
surface parallel with the superior margin; dactyli slender, obliquely
compressed, shortly ciliated. Sternum broad; its posterior joint
widely exposed on either side of the abdomen, its arcuated anterior
margin next the mouth projecting, laminiform, like a septum, for the
better separation of the mouth from the extremity of the abdomen.
Abdomen of the male somewhat tapering, but not dilated at the
base, strongly constricted or sinuated on each side at the middle;
terminal joint not narrower at the base than the penultimate joint.
The male abdominal appendages of the first pair are long, slender,
bent or geniculated beyond the middle, where there is a strong
tubercle or papilla on the convex side, and contorted toward their
extremities ; those of the second pair slender, minute. Abdomen of
the female broad, covering the whole of the sternum with the excep-
tion of its postero-lateral corners; terminal joint broad and scarcely
free, the sides of the penult joint being a little expanded so as to
enclose its base in a shallow sinus.

This genus inhabits the Chinese seas.

In the form of the carapax approaches somewhat Cyrtograpsus
Dana, but the characters of the male abdomen,:leneth of eyes, etc.,
would remove it from the Grapside.

231. CAMPTANDRIUM SEXDENTATUM Stimpson
PLATE XVII, Fic. 4

Camptandrium sexdentatum Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,
p. 107 [53], 1858.

The trivial characters of this species may be gathered mostly from
the generic description preceding. Reprehensible as the practice
which we now follow may be in general, it was thought advisable in
the present case, where the characters of the animal exclude it from
all known families, by which their generic or specific value might be
determined. We have therefore given under the head of the genus

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 139

as complete a general description of the crab as the number and na-
ture of our specimens would admit. Of these there are five, only
one of which is a male, and that a young individual. From the
largest of the females the following measurements were taken:
Length of carapax, 0.265; breadth, 0.32 inch. Proportion, 1: 1.21.
The color in life was brownish-gray

They were dredged from a muddy bottom at the depth of six
fathoms, in bays of the coast near Hongkong, China.

ASTHENOGNATHIDA

Genus ASTHENOGNATHUS Stimpson

This genus is described from a female specimen, the only one
which we were fortunate enough to discover. In the form of the
carapax and the relative size of the feet it has considerable resem-
blance to Pinnixa. The carapax is transverse, very broad pos-
teriorly, subtruncate anteriorly, with the antero-lateral angles, how-
ever, obtuse. The margins are entire. Surface very smooth and
even, but seen under the lens to be granulated. The facial region
occupies half the width of the carapax. Front deflexed, of moderate
extent. Eyes small, movable, with thick peduncles; orbits not very
deep. Internal suborbital lobe almost obsolete. Infraorbital crest
sufficiently remote from the suborbital margin, prominent and
smooth. Antennulz transverse, situated in deep fossettes. Antennz
sufficiently long, very slender, traversing the inner hiatus of the orbit.
Epistome of moderate extent. Palate smooth, with no median sep-
tum. Buccal area of moderate size, arcuated in front. External
maxillipeds slender and weak, gaping so much as to be considerably
remote from each other, with not even the palpi in contact ; exognath
exposed; ischium of the endognath larger than the meros; meros
subquadrate, lightly grooved or excavated on outer surface; palpus
exarthroid rather than prosarthroid ; dactylus minute, ciliated. Chel-
ipeds small, meros with a setigerous protuberance on the middle of
its upper edge; hand moderately compressed, slender, acute above,
margined below with a crest; fingers acute, compressed, sulcated, a
little longer than the palm, their inner edges scarcely toothed. Am-
bulatory feet of the second and third pairs very thick, as in Pinnixa;
those of the fourth pair slender, scarcely overreaching the meros-
joint of the preceding pair. Sternum broad, covered by the female
abdomen except at the margins and the postero-lateral angles.
Terminal joint of the abdomen small rhomboidal.

140 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

232. ASTHENOGNATHUS INAZQUIPES Stimpson
Pies) SID, JETe, it

Asthenognathus imequipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xan
p. 107 [53], 1858.

The remarks under the head of Camptandrium sexdentatum will
apply with equal justice to this species.

The specimen is lead colored. Its dimensions are: Length of
Carapax 0.205 breadth O.275 inci s roporion.) bs 1-20:

It was dredged from a sandy-mud bottom in thirty fathoms, off the
east coast of Niphon, in latitude 38° N.

XBNOPHTHALMIDA;
Genus XENOPHTHALMUS White

This genus is very imperfectly described by White, like many
others instituted by him. We give below a few of its more im-
portant characters, by which it will be seen that it is not properly
included in the Pinnotheridz, but is the type of a new family. The
equality in size between the meros and ischium-joints of the outer
maxillipeds is a prominent distinctive feature, since the most 1m-
portant family character of the Pinnotheride is the rudimentary
state of the ischium. Milne Edwards, in including the genus in that
family (“Mélanges Carcinologiques,”’ p. 186), was probably guided
only by the figure and descriptions of White.

The carapax is notched at the margin on each side, as if con-
stricted. Antennule minute; fossettes very shallow, or none. An-
tenne robust. Eyes minute, movable, placed longitudinally in deep
chinks, and apparently destitute of black pigment. We have failed
to observe the “cylindrical tooth” spoken of by White. As in
Hymenosoma, there is no distinct epistome. In the outer maxilli-
peds the ischium equals the meros in size; the palpus is spirally
twisted; dactylus in form resembling that of Pinnotheres. The
chelipeds are very small, even in the male. The anterior margin of
the sternum projects in the form of a thin laminiform crest, and is
separated from the adjacent parts—bases of the maxillipeds and
feet, etc-—by a very deep chink or fissure. The verges are sternal.
The male abdomen is oblong, not dilated at the base, but of nearly
the same breadth throughout; a slight contraction at the fifth joint;
extremity obtuse, reaching quite to the anterior margin of the
sternum.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION IAI

233. XENOPHTHALMUS PINNOTHEROIDES White

Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides Waite, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xv,
177; Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 63, pl. x, fig. 3. Minne Epwarps,
Mél. Carcin., p. 187.

Our specimen was dredged in the harbor of Hongkong from a
muddy bottom, in six fathoms.

PINNOTHERIDA
Genus PINNOTHERES Latreille

234. PINNOTHERES OBSCURUS Stimpson

Pinnotheres obscurus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 108
[54], 1858.

The only specimen in our possession is a female, of which the
following is a description: Carapax broad, inclining to subtrape-
zoidal in form, but rounded at the angles and more or less convex
on every side. Proportion of length to greatest breadth, 1: 1.36.
Surface naked, glossy. Hepatic regions forming rather prominent
corners to the carapax; their upper surface depressed. Front very
slightly projecting beyond the antero-lateral angles, and much de-
flexed, truncated below with a nearly straight margin. Outer max-
illipeds large, meros curved, very oblique, with smooth and glossy
surface, and the margin somewhat hairy at the anterior half of the
inner side; palpus very small, hairy, not reaching beyond the inner
angle of the meros; carpal joint thick; dactylus slender, subcylin-
drical, attached to the penult-joint rather beyond the middle and
projecting beyond its extremity. Ambulatory feet nearly equal in
length, those of the last two pairs a little longer; dactyli of the first
two pairs short; that of the third pair long, curved inward; that of
the last pair nearly as long as the penult joint, and very slender,
nearly straight, tapering, styliform, with hairy margin.

Color dark brown. Length of the carapax, 0.33; breadth, 0.45
inch.

Found at Hongkong.

235. PINNOTHERES BONINENSIS Stimpson
Pinnotheres boninensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 108
[54], 1858.
Description of a female. Carapax rather broad, truncate before.
Proportion of length to breadth, 1: 1.25. Surface naked. Front

TA2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

not protruded. Outer maxillipeds pilose, hairs plumose; palpus
short; penult joint with extremity almost pointed; dactylus minute,
joined at about the middle of the penult joint. Ambulatory feet of
the third pair longest; dactyli of the first and second pairs short,:
equal; those of the third pair very long and tapering to a fine point;
those of the last pair also long. Dimensions of the carapax: Length,
0.168; breadth, 0.211 inch.
Found in small oysters from the rocks at the Bonin Islands.

236. PINNOTHERES PARVULUS Stimpson

Pinnotheres parvulus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 108
[54], 1858.

Description of the female: Carapax narrower than in P. pisum;
front nearly the same as in the female of that species. Outer max-
illipeds rather hairy; exognath, excluding its palp, a little less than
half as long as the meros-joint of the endognath; penult joint of en-
dognath twice as long as carpus; dactylus slender, reaching to the
extremity of the penult joint. Ambulatory feet toward extremities
hairy ; those of the last two pairs longer than the first two, and with
proportionally longer dactyli. Length of the carapax, 0.14 inch.

A specimen of this species was found in each and every example
of the small bivalve Meroé quadrata, of which several were dredged
from a sandy bottom in twenty-six fathoms, in the China Sea, at
about latitude 23° N.

Genus PINNIXA White

The best known species of this very distinct genus are natives of
the American coast, but they will undoubtedly be found to be numer-
ous at the proper latitudes in all parts of the globe, when sought for
in their peculiar lurking places. They are parasitic in their habits,
like the Pinnotheres, which they so much resemble in the structure
of their jaw-feet; but in place of living with the bivalve mollusk in
his shell, they prefer the society of marine worms and worm-like
Holothuridz, in the tubes or holes of which they are generally found.
In their transversely elongated shape they are well adapted for
slipping about in such cavities. One South Carolinian species
lives in the tubes of Chetopterus, another in the hole of the large
Arenicola, and the larger of the expedition species was found in the
hole of a Caudina.

The Pinnothera faba of Dana is intermediate in its characters
between Pinnotheres and Pinnixa, but has the maxillipeds of the

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 143

latter genus. Its habits, when observed, will throw much light upon
its affinities.

The species of this genus, as far as known, differ from each other
by strongly marked characters.

237. PINNIXA TUMIDA Stimpson

Pinnixa tumida Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 108 [54],
1858.

Of this species three examples are found among our collections,
all females, to which the following description will apply: The body
is transversely cylindrical, and very much swollen. The greatest
breadth of the carapax is at the bases of the third pair of ambu-
latonyenteers lvengti to Mbreadth “as. 121.82. surtace "smoot
There is no antero-lateral crest and no transverse ridge posteriorly,
as are seen in most species. The median depression is shallow.
Front narrow. Outer maxillipeds closely fitting to each other and
to the margin of the buccal area; palpus large; dactylus attached
near the base of the penult joint, overreaching it but little at the ex-
tremity, and, like that joint, provided with a long pencil of hairs.
Chelipeds moderately large; meros and carpus-joints thickly hairy
within; hand externally smooth; fingers gaping; dactylus oblique,
with a tooth at the middle; immovable finger, with minutely ser-
rated inner margin and a subterminal tooth forming a notch for the
reception of the tip of the dactylus. Ambulatory feet hairy, those
of the third pair longest; those of the first and second pairs slender ;
last two pairs stout and thick; dactyli slender, with five or six longi-
tudinal carinee. Female abdomen convex, covering the whole of the
sternum with the exception of its posterior corners; surface along
the. middle most prominent.

Color ii life: Above blackish, with a few bluish-white spots pos-
teriorly and at the sides; below bluish-white, often inclining to a
darker hue, like “neutral tint.” Dimensions of the carapax: Length,
0.3; breadth, 0.55 inch.

Found in the holes of Caudina (a Holothurian) on sandy beaches
in the fourth or lowest subregion of the littoral zone, in the Bay of
Hakodadi, Japan.

238. PINNIXA PENULTIPEDALIS Stimpson

Pinnixa penultipedalis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., x, p. 108
[54], 1858.

escription of the single female specimen: Body rather depressed,

D t f th igle femal sody ratl ley i

and very broad; proportion of length to breadth, 1: 2.11. Carapax

144 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

with a transverse ridge near the posterior extremity, smoothly
rounded, and but little elevated, traversing the whole breadth of the
carapax. Surface smooth and glossy. Front not deflexed. Cheli-
peds hairy ; hand small, slender, tapering toward the straight, slender -
fingers, which are not gaping and not at all deflexed. Ambulatory
feet of the second pair scarcely larger than the first pair; the meros-
joint hairy, remaining joints toward extremities smooth and naked.
The feet of the penultimate pair are very large and thick, smooth;
meros four-fifths as broad as long, its superior edge somewhat acute,
indistinctly granulated toward the base, its infero-posterior surface
minutely granulated. Last pair of feet small, ciliated. The surface
of the sides of the carapax or antero-inferior regions and around the
bases of the feet is hairy. There is a transverse, ciliated line across
the abdomen at its second joint, extending between the bases of the
penultimate pair of feet. In life the carapax is dark gray, mottled
with black. Its dimensions are: Length, 0.132; breadth, 0.28 inch.

Found among dead shells on a muddy bottom in ten fathoms, im
the harbor of Hongkong, China.

HYMENOSOMIDA

Genus HYMENOSOMA Leach

239. HYMENOSOMA ORBICULARE Leach

Hymenosoma orbiculare L¥acH, DEsMaREsT, Consid. sur les Crust., p. 163.
pl. xxv, fig. 1. Mizne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, p. 36, pl.
xv, bist fet ms lls Civ. RevAt ple xxxy, ne. Mel! Cancinsspaeiecs

The published figures of this species must in many respects be
imperfect, as they show great discrepancies.

Found at the Cape of Good Hope, in False Bay, on sandy bot-
toms, in ten fathoms.

240. HYMENOSOMA GEOMETRICUM Stimpson

Hymenosoma geometricum Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x.
p. 108 [54], 18s8.

The only specimen before us is a male, in which the breadth,
measured at the bases of the first pair of ambulatory feet, is exactly
equal to the length of the carapax. The body is much flattened
above and below. ‘The carapax is indurated, and everywhere uni-
formly granulated above. Dorsal area broadly ovate, encircled by
an elevated, granulated ridge, and divided into ten areolets by nar-

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 145

row linear sulci, somewhat as in Desmarest’s figure of H. orbiculare
(Consid. sur les Crust., pl. xxv, fig. 1). The anterior three areo-
lets are very large, and occupy most of the surface; postmedian
areolet protuberant at its middle; posterior two areolets very small,
much broader than long. The hepatic areolets are also small.
Rostrum slender, elongate-triangular, pointing obliquely upward at
an angle of 45°. There is a small elevated przorbital tooth on
either side at the base of the rostrum. The two teeth at the infero-
exterior angle of the orbit are sharp, and there is a small but promi-
nent lateral tooth or spine on the surface of the hepatic region be-
hind the orbit, behind which there is a smooth excavation, and be-
hind this again a granulated protuberance. Posteriorly the inferior
margin of the carapax forms two prominent projections or teeth,
the base of the abdomen lying in the sinus between them. The
outer maxillipeds are very slender, with the ischium-joint nearly as
long as the meros and not as broad. Chelipeds clavate, granulated
above like the carapax; hand short, with inflated, subglobose palm,
which is smooth and glabrous exteriorly ; fingers short ; dactylus one-
toothed near the middle within. Ambulatory feet very long and
slender, those of the second pair twice as long as the carapax. The
feet are sparsely provided with fine, inconspicuous hairs. The dac-
tyli are very slender, not flattened, and taper to a fine, almost hair-
like extremity.

The color in life is reddish. Dimensions of the male: Length of
carapax, 0.318; breadth at bases of first pair of ambulatory feet,
0.318; greatest breadth of dorsal area, 0.24; length of ambulatory
feet of second pair, 0.66 inch.

This species is certainly distinct from H. orbiculare, if the pub-
lished figures and descriptions of that species are to be relied upon.
Besides less important characters, the sharp lateral teeth on the
hepatic region and the slenderness of the ischium-joint of the outer
maxillipeds will be sufficient to distinguish it. Unfortunately we
have no specimens of the true H. orbiculare upon which to found a
comparison, as the examples which were taken at the Cape, and iden-
tified with that species at the time, were all lost by accident.

Our specimen was dredged from a sandy bottom in twelve fath-
oms, in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

Genus HALICARCINUS White

The epistome in this genus is sufficiently well defined. The new
species discovered by us seems to form a passage to Elamene, from
which Halicarcinus would seem to be best distinguished by the want

10

146 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

of a septum between the antennulz and the equality in size of the
meros and ischium-joints of the outer maxillipeds. The orbits
appear nearly the same in both. Characters derived from the orbits
and eyes (as “retractile’ and “non-retractile’) are as difficult of
apprehension here as among some Maioids.

241. HALICARCINUS OVATUS Stimpson

Halicarcinus ovatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phila., x, p. 109
[55], 1858.

_Carapax subovate, narrowing before. Length and breadth nearly
equal. Upper surface smooth, flattened in the male, somewhat con-
vex in the female. Regions generally sufficiently distinct, separated
by linear sulci. Lateral margins angular, with a small acute tooth
at each angle, of which there are two on each side of the carapax.
Front prominent, with three deeply cut, closely appressed, equal,
flattened teeth projecting from beneath the straight supra-frontal
margin, but nearly at the same level. Internal antenne large.
Epistome moderately large. Buccal area of moderate size, closed
in front; maxillipeds somewhat convex or protuberant. Chelipeds
of male subclavate, smooth, sparsely hairy within; meros with a
small tooth at summit; hand with rounded, swollen palm and rather
slender fingers minutely serrated within. Ambulatory feet long and
slender, naked; a small, sharp tooth at the summit of the meros-
joint. ‘The feet of the middle pairs are a little more than twice as
long as the carapax. Dactyli falciform, and slender from the base
throughout. Abdomen of the male contracted near the extremity ;
- terminal joint subcordate, obtuse. Dimensions of carapax in a

male: Length, 0.251; breadth, 0.252 inch. ;

Taken in Port Jackson, Australia.

Genus TRIGONOPLAX Milne Edwards
242. TRIGONOPLAX TRUNCATA Stimpson

Trigonoplax truncata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 109
[55], 1858.

Carapax not indurated, rounded-ovate, smooth, above flat or
slightly concave in the male, slightly convex in the female. Propor-
tion of length to breadth, 1: 1.07. Regions scarcely distinct. Lat-
eral margin with two or three equidistant inconspicuous angles, bet-
ter marked in the female than in the male, but seldom dentigerous.
Posterior margin straight or slightly convex. The sharp margins

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 147

of the carapax anteriorly and laterally project very considerably in
a horizontal direction, concealing the eyes, antennz, and bases of the
feet. They project most anteriorly in the adult female. Front
sufficiently prominent, broadly truncated; interantennulary septum
strongly projecting. Antennule small. The inferior surface,
against which the eyes rest, is considerably hollowed out for their
reception. Buccal area small in the female. Outer maxillipeds
nearly as in 7. wnguiformis. Chelipeds of the male long, smoothly
rounded; meros slender; hand oblong, inflated; fingers somewhat
‘excavated within throughout their length. Ambulatory feet slender,
smooth, naked, a small spine at the superior extremity of the meros
and carpus-joints; dactyli greatly compressed, strongly falciform,
not tapering, but of equal breadth even to their tips. Abdomen of
the male somewhat elongated, triangular, its extremity reaching
nearer to the mouth than is the case in 7. unguiformis.

Color in life dark purplish-red above, with four white spots on
the carapax—two at the bases of the posterior pair of feet, and two
smaller ones in front of them. Dimensions of a male: Length of
carapax, 0.21; breadth, 0.225; length of cheliped, 0.4; of ambula-
tory foot of second pair, 0.56. In the female: Length of carapax,
0.298 ; breadth, 0.362 inch.

Found under stones at low-water mark, in weedy rock pools.
Also dredged in eight fathoms, sandy bottom. It occurred at
Ousima and among the reefs opposite Napa, Loo Choo.

Genus RHYNCHOPLAX Stimpson

This genus resembles Trigonoplax in form. ‘The body is trian-
gular, but less depressed, and longer than broad. Lateral margin
bidentate. . Rostrum arising from beneath the anterior margin of
the dorsum, tridentate, the median tooth largest, elongated, bent up-
ward; the lateral teeth minute and sharp. Antennule rather large,
approximated, not separated by a septum. Eyes not retractile.
Extraorbital spine small. Subhepatic region prominent, with some-
what acute summit. Epistome large. Ischium-joint of the external
maxillipeds scarcely larger than the meros. Chelipeds of the male
large and strong, scarcely shorter than the walking feet. Ambula-
tory feet of the first pair longest; dactyli of all falciform, much
curved. Abdomen of the male oblong and lightly contracted toward
the extremity.

This genus approaches still nearer to the Maioids than Trigono-
plax, but, like that, is excluded from that division by its sternal
verges.

148 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

243. RHYNCHOPLAX MESSOR Stimpson

Rhynchoplax messor Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 109
[55], 1858.

In this species the carapax is sufficiently indurated. The propor-
tion of breadth to length in the male specimen described is I: 1.1.
Carapax triangular, somewhat convex; surface smooth but uneven,
with a few scattered setz. Gastric and cardiac regions somewhat
protuberant; branchial regions often depressed. Lateral teeth small
but sharp and prominent. Median tooth of the rostrum flattened,
spatuliform, equaling in length about one-fifth that of the carapax
and pointing obliquely upward. Chelipeds claviform, sparsely
setose; meros with four or five teeth on the superior edge; carpus
with three or four small blunt teeth above; hand smoothly rounded,
with one very small tooth on the middle of the upper side; inner
surface about the bases of the fingers thickly lanose. Ambulatory
feet slender, each joint dentigerous at the middle and at the outer
extremity, with the exception of the dactyli which are of moderate
length, and strongly sickle-shaped.

Color purplish-brown and yellowish, variegated. Dimensions of
the carapax: Length, 0.241; breadth, 0.22; length of cheliped, 0.42;
of first pair of ambulatory feet, 0.455 inch.

This crab, like all others of the family, dies when placed in spirits
in such a state of brittle rigidity, with feet outstretched and easily
separated, that it is almost impossible to preserve a perfect speci-
men.

It was taken at Simoda, at low-water mark.

244. RHYNCHOPLAX SETIROSTRIS Stimpson

Rhynchoplax setirostris Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 109
[55], 1858.

Description of a female: Carapax but little indurated, ovate, flat-
tened; proportion of breadth to length, 1: 1.08. Surface nearly
smooth; sparsely and inconspicuously setose. Regions sufficiently
distinct about the middle, separated by linear sulci. Lateral margins
of the dorsum raised; posterior-lateral tooth spiniform, sharply
prominent; anterior tooth not prominent. Dorsal margin distinct
across the base of the rostrum. Median tooth of rostrum styliform,
slender and setose; lateral teeth extremely slender and sharp.
Chelipeds weak; meros with a tooth at the summit; hand slender;
fingers as long as the palm. Ambulatory feet very slender, minutely

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS STIMPSON PLATE XVIII

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

ug

fae
BAIT g

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION TAQ

setose; teeth as in the preceding species, but more minute and

sharper; dactyli longer than in the preceding species and more slen-

der, those of the posterior pair of feet much more curved than the

rest. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.19; breadth, 0.175 inch.
Found at Hongkong, China.

LEUCOSIDEA
Genus LEUCOSIA (Fabricius) Leach

The species of this genus which have recently become known are
very numerous, and although the distinctive marks are generally so
slight as to be determined with difficulty from descriptions or fig-
ures, they are nevertheless perfectly plain and satisfactory when
seen in the specimens themselves. The doubts thrown upon the
validity of some of the numerous species of Bell by certain German
authors are entirely unfounded; for several characters of a kind
which, in other genera of Brachyura, are merely indicative of variety
or individual peculiarities, here become of specific importance.
Color, for instance—usually and very properly disregarded as being
variable and of no specific value in most crabs—is in the genus Leu-
costa a constant and important character.

In Leucosia the plane of the chelipeds is much more oblique to
the plane of the carapax than in most crabs, so that in their usual
position the anterior extremity is much elevated. They have usually
been delineated in this position, so that the post-brachial angle of the
inferior lateral margin cannot be seen. In our drawings we have
endeavored to represent the carapax in its own plane.

In the larger pair of male abdominal appendages the spiral is well
marked, and shows in the different species a number of turns vary-
ing from one and a half to eight or ten.

245. LEUCOSIA VITTATA’ Stimpson

PLATE XVIII, Fic. 3, 3a

Leucosia vittata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 159 [57],
1858.

Carapax rhomboidal, strongly convex; breadth to length as
1: 1.14. Surface punctate. Margins crenulated; granules of an-
tero-lateral margins not conspicuous from above. Posterior mar-
gin straight, granulated, obtuse in the adult, rather projecting in the

" Leucosides vittata (Stimpson).

150 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

young, with a sharp tooth at each extremity. Front sufficiently
projecting, tridentate, the median tooth a little more prominent than
the lateral ones. Thoracic sinus very deep, pubescent, with no
tubercles, its antero-exterior notch reaching the margin of the cara- -
pax, its inner notch deep and narrow, reaching nearer to the base
of the exognath of the outer maxillipeds than in most other species.
The meros-joint of the chelipeds is somewhat contracted and pubes-
cent about the base, and ornamented along the margins with tubercles
rather sparsely distributed. There are no tubercles on its upper
surface excepting five close to the base, almost concealed by the
pubescence, of which two are large; beneath there are a few tuber-
cles scattered near the base. The hand is large. Ambulatory feet
with somewhat dilated joints. Tubercle of the penult joint of the
abdomen minute. The male abdomen resembles that of L. rhom-
boidalis, but is more slender and tapering. ‘The male abdominal ap-
pendages show two or three turns in their spiral.

Colors in life: The carapax is bluish-white, with a median dorsal
band of reddish becoming broader posteriorly, and two oblique
bands of red on each side diverging from the front, and also widen-
ing posteriorly. Feet clouded transversely with reddish, almost an-
nulated. Beneath the body is white, and the feet paler than above.
Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length, 0.97; breadth, 0.85
inch.

This species differs from L. craniolaris in the pubescence at the
base of the arms; from L..rhomboidalis, to which it is still more
closely allied, in its distinctly tridentate front.

It was taken with the trawl from muddy bottoms, in four or five
fathoms, in the bays on the Chinese coast, near Hongkong.

« 246. LEUCOSIA MACULATA* Stimpson
PLATE XVIII, Fic. 2

Leucosia maculata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 159 [57],
1858.

This species is much smaller than any other of the group of Leu-
cosie to which it belongs. The carapax is rhomboidal, smooth and
glossy, longer than broad, in the proportion of 1:1.16. The front
is tridentate, with tips a little deflexed ; the median tooth is much the
largest and most prominent, the lateral ones being scarcely promi-
nent ‘enough to be considered teeth. Thoracic sinus very deep,

* Leucosides rhomboidalis (De Haan).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION I51

pubescent, not tuberculated, with no notch at the antero-interior
angle, which is broadly rounded. Posterior margin convex, not
projecting, lightly granulated; angles obtuse. Meros-joint of the
chelipeds as in L. wvittata, with the base pubescent; the marginal
tubercles are, however, more crowded. In the abdomen of the male
the antepenult joint is contracted toward its extremity, and there is
a constriction at the commissure of this joint with the penult. The
tubercle of the penult joint is sufficiently large, and the surface in
front of it excavated. The male abdominal appendages are spiral,
with two turns.

The life colors are as follows: Carapax bluish-brown, becoming
paler posteriorly, and spotted with red, there being five small spots
on each side of the median line, placed in arcuated series, which
diverge anteriorly. Chelipeds bluish-brown; walking feet white,
barred with red. Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length,
0.58; breadth, 0.5 inch.

This species also is allied to L. rhomboidalis, but differs in the
form of the abdomen.

It was dredged in considerable numbers on a shelly-mud bottom,
in twenty fathoms, off the coast of China, near Hongkong.

247. LEUCOSIA PARVIMANA®* Stimpson
Rear OV ile HG or

Leucosia parvimana STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, 159 [57],
1858.

Carapax longer than broad, in the proportion of I: 1.15; very
convex posteriorly; sides rounded; surface near the antero-lateral
margins concave. Apex (or anterior extremity) compressed and
much directed upward. Front projecting beyond the orbits, triden-
tate, the median tooth most prominent. Antero-lateral margin mod-
erately crenulated, not extending further back than the first pair of
ambulatory feet. Postero-lateral or inferior margin inconspicuously
crenulated. Posterior margin obtuse, minutely crenulated above,
smooth and glossy beneath. Thoracic sinus shallow, anteriorly
abbreviated, but with deep notches at the corners, and ornamented
with three large and two or three small tubercles above the base of
the arm. The meros-joint of the chelipeds is tuberculated above on
the basal half, as in L. pallida, the tubercles rather large; below,
about the anterior edge, it is crowdedly tuberculated. The hand is

"Leucosides parvimana (Stimpson).

152 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

small, with the external edge acute; inner edge obtuse, slightly cren-
ulated above; fingers short and weak, much gaping, and smooth
within. ‘The dactyli of the ambulatory feet are slender, not dilated,
as in some species.

3eneath the surface is milk white and polished, shining. The
sutures of the sternum are deeply impressed, and its postero-lateral
angles tuberculiform. The abdomen of the male is moderately
broad, the antepenult joint protuberant on either side of the median
line; penult joint with convex sides, and armed with a sharp tubercle
near the middle, pointing backward. The male abdominal appen-
dages exhibit a beautifully close sharp spiral of seven or eight turns.

This species is of a pale buff color, clouded with darker gray on
the anterior part of the carapax, which is also variegated with three
white spots on each side of the median line, and two dark spots
posteriorly. Dimensions of the carapax in the male: Length, 0.84;
breadth, 0.73 inch.

This species approaches nearest to L. pallida Bell, from which it
may be distinguished in its less strongly crenulated margins, in hay-
ing only three large tubercles in the thoracic sinus, and in its more
slender dactyli.

Taken near Selio Island, in Gaspar Strait, by Capt. John Rodgers,
of the steamer “Hancock.”

248. LEUCOSIA HHMATOSTICTA‘* Adams and White

Leucosia hematosticta ADAMS and WuirTr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 54,
Dll, Sey inex, BD,

In our specimen the front is more projecting than in the figure
above quoted, and subtriangular. The posterior margin is also con-
vex. In the living animal the anterior half of the carapax was
bluish-white, the posterior half dotted with red; a band of crowded
ted puncte across the middle, interrupted at the median dorsal line.
Below white, with a few scattered red dots.

It was dredged from shelly-sand in twenty fathoms, in Kagosima
Bay, Japan.

Genus MYRA Leach

249. MYRA FUGAX® (Fabricius) Leach

Leucosia fugax Fapricius, Suppl., p. 351.
Myra fugax Lracu, Zool. Misc., 1, 24. Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des

* Leucosides hematosticta (A. & W.).
* Persephona fugax (Fabricius).

CRUSTACEA NOR(H PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 15 3

Crust., 1, p. 126. Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 134, pl. XXXII
meer, Ihe

Our specimens agree much better with De Haan’s figures than
with those of Milne Edwards in the illustrations to the recent edition
of Cuvier’s “Regne Animal.’ In the young female the abdomen is
scarcely wider than in the male. The color in life is pale brick red
above, clouded with bluish; below whitish.

It is common on mud and shelly-mud in five to twelve fathoms, in
Hongkong Harbor; also taken in twenty-five fathoms, sand, in the
China Sea, near latitude 23° N.

250. MYRA AFFINIS’* Bell
Myra afinis Bett, Lin. Trans., xx1, 206.

A young female specimen referable to this species is found among
our collections, in which, however, the surface is but little granu-
lated, as in M. fugar, to which it is very closely allied. But the
teeth at the posterior extremity of the carapax are obtuse, and the
middle one is short (perhaps worn).

The specimen in life was of a dusky brick-red color above; sides
and feet paler and variegated with white; beneath white.

It was dredged from a shelly bottom in twenty fathoms, in Kago-
sima Bay, Japan.

Genus PHILYRA Leach

251. PHILYRA TUBERCULOSA Stimpson
PraTe XVIII, Fic. 5

Philyra tuberculosa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 159
[58], 1858.

Description of a female: Carapax convex, broadly rhomboidal,
almost orbicular, but longer than broad; proportion, 1: 1.05. Out-
line angular. Surface uneven. Branchial, postero-gastric, genital,
and cardiac regions protuberant and closely tuberculated. Margins
granulated. Posterior margin transverse. Front concave, smooth,
shorter than the epistome. Hepatic or pterygostomian angle promi-
nent, its ridges granulated. Outer maxillipeds somewhat rugose,
and ornamented with a ciliated line parallel to the inner margin.
Chelipeds short; meros strongly granulated, except at the middle

*Persephona affinis (Bell).

154. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

near the extremity; hand nearly smooth, punctate, with no granu-
lated lines within; fingers deeply sulcated, gaping at the base. Ster-
num closely tuberculated. Abdomen smooth, with the exception of
the first and second joints, and a transverse line on the third, which
are granulated. Color in life yellowish-gray. Dimensions of the
carapax: Length, 0.49; breadth, 0.47 inch.

Found on coarse sand bottoms, just below low-water mark, at
spring tides, in bays of the Chinese coast, near Hongkong.

252. PHILYRA PLATYCHEIRA De Haan

Philyra platycheira DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 135, pl. XXXIU,
inte, (O

De Haan’s figure does not show the marginal granules, which
are, however, mentioned in his description. The surface of the
carapax, besides being punctated, is seen under the microscope to be
granulated, most conspicuously so posteriorly. The color in life is
a clear dark bluish-gray above, white below.

It was dredged by us from a muddy bottom at the depth of six
fathoms, in Hongkong Harbor.

253. PHILYRA UNIDENTATA Stimpson
Tear Aaniy OWALLIL, IES V4.

Philyra unidentata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 159 [58],
1858.

Carapax (in the female) suborbicular, longer than broad; propor-
tion, 1:1.08. It is a little produced’ anteriorly. The lateral and
posterior margins are rounded, continuous, and crenulated, the cren-
ulations being small, equal, and obtuse. Surface perfectly smooth
and glabrous. Front unidentate at the middle, but on each side
straight and considerably shorter than the epistome. Outer maxil-
lipeds flat; ischium of endognath with an inconspicuous ciliated line
along the middle parallel to its inner margin. Chelipeds less than
twice as long as the carapax; meros with large tubercles above on
the basal two-thirds, the rest smocth; below the meros is closely
small-tuberculated, except the middle and anterior portions; hand
sufficiently convex; fingers short, somewhat depressed, touching
each other at the terminal third only of their length; their inner
margins acute, obsoletely one- or three-toothed.

Colors in life: Carapax very pale reddish-brown, with a median
stripe and portions of the margin of a bluish-white color. Feet

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 155

bluish-white, banded with pale red; inner half of fingers light red.
Below white. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.54; breadth,
Oss, uel:

Dredged from a sandy bottom in twenty-five fathoms, in the
northern part of the China Sea, latitude 23° N.

Genus EBALIA Leach
254. EBALIA MADEIRENSIS Stimpson

PLATE XVIII, Fic. 7

Ebalia madecirensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 159 [58],
1858.

We have but one specimen, a female, of this species. The carapax
is suboctagonal, or rhomboidal, with the angles truncated, the lateral
ones obliquely. It is broader than long, in the proportion of 1: 1.07.
Both the antero-lateral and the postero-lateral margins are slightly
concave. ‘The carapax is very convex across the middle, and there
is a narrow median carina extending from the front to the sharply
prominent and granulated cardiac tubercle. The branchial regions
are prominent, irregularly granulated about their summits, the outer
granules large and sharp. Front concave, minutely granulated.
Posterior margin nearly straight, its surface granulated. Surface
of the carapax, except at the points mentioned above, smooth and
glabrous. There is a minute spine at the summit of the pterygos-
tomian angle. The surface of the outer maxillipeds is obsoletely
granulated. Chelipeds granulated, the marginal granules few, dis-
tant, and subspiniform ; the meros-joint more than twice as long as
broad.

Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.28; breadth, 0.3 inch.

Dredged from a coarse sandy bottom in twenty fathoms, in Fun-
chal Bay, Madeira.

Genus PHLYXIA Bell

255. PHLYXIA QUADRIDENTATA (Gray) Stimpson
PLATE XVIII, Fic. 6

Ebalia quadridentata Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 40.
Phlyxia quadridentata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 159
[58], 1858.
This species is much like P. crassipes Bell (Lin. Trans., xxt1, pl.
XXXIV, fig. 2) in its quadridentate front and tuberculated dorsum,
but the carapax is broader, the front less produced, and the surface

156 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

minutely granulated. In the female the tubercles of the carapax
are less prominent and more obtuse than in the male. The outer
maxillipeds, as well as the sternum, are microscopically granulated.
The chelipeds are shorter and more slender than in P. crassipes; the
hand smooth; the fingers short, sulcated, and minutely denticulated
within, but with no large tooth. The ambulatory feet are more
slender. In life the carapax was mottled with white and bluish-
gray; the feet and chelipeds usually annulated or banded. The
dimensions of a female are: Length of carapax, 0.4; breadth, 0.38
inch.

On shelly ground in two fathoms, near the mouth of Port Jackson,
Australia.

Genus ARCANIA Leach

256. ARCANIA GLOBATA Stimpson

PLATE XVIII, Fic. 9

Arcania globata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 160 [58],
1858.

Of this species two females were taken, to which the following
description will apply: Breadth to length as 1: 1.05. The carapax,
leaving out the protruded front, is regularly and evenly globular—
the regions not being circumscribed—and thickly covered above with
small, sharp, scarcely granulated spines, ten of which, around the
margins, are a little longer than the others. A median spine on the
post-cardiac region is also somewhat larger than the others. Be-
tween the two large spines on the posterior margin there are two
small ones. Frontal region nearly smooth, posteriorly minutely
spinulose; frontal margin regularly concave, arcuated, terminating
in a small tooth at each extremity. Chelipeds closely granulated,
granules mostly subspiniform, those of the hand much smaller than
those of the meros-joint. Fingers slender, as long as the palm.
Ambulatory feet smooth.

Color in life pale brick red above, with a longitudinal wedge of
white margined with brown, the apex of which is at the middle of
the carapax, the base covering the front. Beneath white, tinted with
reddish. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.46; breadth, spines
included, 0.44 inch.

The carapax in one of the specimens is somewhat more depressed.

It differs from A. erinaceus in wanting spines on the ambulatory
feet; from A. tuberculata and A. levimana in having sharp instead of
tuberculiform spines.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 1S) 7

It was dredged in sixteen fathoms, on shelly and gravelly mud, off
the coast of China, near Soon-Koo and Hongkong Islands; also in
the North China Sea, in latitude 23° N., at the depth of twenty-five
fathoms.

Genus IPHIS Leach

257. IPHIS SEPTEMSPINOSA‘* (Herbst) Leach

Cancer septemspinosus Hergst, Naturg. d. Krabben und Krebse, 1, pl. xx,
fig. 112.

Leucosia septemspinosa FABRICIUS.

Iphis septemspinosa Leach, MimLNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1,
1395 UlusteCuyauks Ax Crust, ipl ecxv, fig.) 4. BELL lnatis-s
OXIES BUp

The color in life is pale brick-red above, white below. In one of
our specimens the width between the tips of the lateral spines is 2.15
inches. In the young these spines are proportionally shorter.

Several specimens were taken in the trawl on a muddy bottom in
twenty fathoms, off the coast of China, near Hongkong.

Genus IPHICULUS Adams and White

The affinities of the crustaceans upon which this genus was
founded have been hitherto a matter of conjecture only, owing to
the imperfect manner in which it was characterized by its original
describers, and their doubtful reference of it to two very distinct
groups of Brachyura, the Parthenopide and the Leucosidea. They
place it, indeed, among their descriptions of Leucosidea, but say in
their note that “it appears, among the Parthenopidz, to hold the
same place as Oreophorus does among the Leucoside.”’ While,
curiously enough, the generic name which they have applied to it is
a diminutive of that of its nearest congener /phis, and thus indicates
its true position.

Dana, having only the figures of Adams and White to judge
from—the characters of the antennz, maxillipeds, and other essen-
tial parts generally not being mentioned in their description—con-
sidered it allied to or identical with Polydectus,? from the similar
character of the hand, in which the long, slender fingers are armed
with needle-like spines along their inner margins. This kind of

* Arcania septemspinosa (Fabricius).
*U. S. Exploring Expedition, Crust., 1.

isto SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

hand, however, is not uncommonly seen among true Leucosidea,
such as Nursilia dentata and Myrodes eudactylus, for instance.

Bell does not include the [phiculus in his “Monograph of the
Leucoside,” although he states that it is “most probably associated °
with them.’

From the structure of the maxillipeds and other important parts,
this crab seems evidently allied to /phis and Oreophorus. Its cara-
pax is indeed much broader than in any other Leucosidian genus, the
front is not all produced, and the epistome is quite large; but the~
spines of the carapax are much like those of /phis, though differing
in number and position. This is best shown when the body is
denuded of pubescence, as in pl. xvii, fig. 8a.

With regard to the mouth parts we may observe the following
points: The mandibles resemble those of [phis, but the apex of the
corona is obtusely rounded. ‘The maxillipeds of the inner pairs are
exactly like those of [phis. The outer maxillipeds are much shorter
than is usual in the tribe, each of them being more than half as
broad as long. They are convex, much bending upward anteriorly
to follow the curve of the body. The exognath is somewhat shorter
than the endognath, and nearly two-thirds as broad; the apices of
these two branches are separated by the inner wall of the pterygos-
tomian channel, which here projects strongly between them. The
surface of the exognath is sharply granulated at the middle and
toward the outer margin, which is straight; its apex is obtuse. The
endognath longitudinally sulcated or divided into two portions,
the inner half being depressed and smooth, the outer prominent and
granulated; the meros is triangular, less than two-thirds as long as
the ischium; the commissure of these two joints is oblique, and
angular at the middle. The pterygostomian channels are deep; the
walls at the anterior extremity strongly projecting and arcuated,
interrupted at the exterior angle by a very deep notch, rounded and
somewhat widened at the bottom, and near the interior angle by a
shallower notch, separating the main length of the inner margin
from the dilated lobe at its anterior extremity. The anterior margin
of the palate is dilated, much projecting at the middle, but not as far
as the extremities of the pterygostomian channels.

The orbits are nearly transverse, but the eyes can be thrown for-
ward into a longitudinal direction.

5 eineranss xox ie)

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 159

258. IPHICULUS SPONGIOSUS Adams and White
Prats XVIII, Fre. 8

[phiculus spongiosus ApAMS and WuitTr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., 57, pl.
XIII, fig. 5.

It is covered with a villous coat of 2a dirty buff color, paler below,
with a transverse band of purple-brown at the epistome.

When captured it feigns death like a spider, contracting or fold-
ing up all its members closely against the body in a very compact
form, to which the shape of the sides of the body shows an adapta-
tion.

It was dredged on muddy bottoms, sometimes on muddy gravel, in
from ten to twenty fathoms, in the bays and channels of the Chinese
coast, near Hongkong.

Genus OREOPHORUS Ruppell

259. OREOPHORUS RUGOSUS Stimpson
Prate XIX, Fic. 6, 6a

Oreophorus rugosus StrMpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 161
[59], 1858.

Carapax subpentagonal, and much broader than long, in the pro-
portion of 1: 1.38. It is rugose, as if eroded or vermiculated, with
a series of oblong pits parallel to the antero-lateral margins, and a
longitudinal series on each side of and almost circumscribing the
cardiac region. Front narrow, prominent. Branchial regions much
projecting laterally, somewhat concave, and partly covered with
- flattened or subcapitate tubercles, which extend to the posterior mar-
gin of the carapax, where they become confluent. Chelipeds rugose,
eroded, and irregularly protuberant; fingers sulcated, of moderate
breadth, concave on the upper or inner side, and with sharp curved
tips placed laterally; immovable finger broader than the dactylus.
Ambulatory feet moderately tuberculated along their edges, the
tubercles small. Abdomen covered with small rounded tubercles,
not crowded, and marked with two interrupted impressed lines down
the middle, which circumscribe the median carina, which is, however,
less convex than the sides.

This species is of an ashy-white hue, but much discolored by
sordes. The dimensions of the female specimen above described
are: Length of carapax, 0.48; breadth, 0.662 inch.

160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

It is perhaps specifically the same as the example figured by
Adams and White in pl. v1, fig. 2, of the Crustacea of the Voyage
of the Samarang, which is considered by the authors to be the young
of their O. reticulatus.

Found at Loo Choo.

Genus NURSIA Leach

260. NURSIA PLICATA®* (Herbst) Bell

Cancer plicatus Hergst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 111, pl. 50, fig. 2.
Nursia hardwicku Leacu, Zool. Misc., 1, p. 20.
Nursia plicata Bett, Lin. Trans., Xx, 307, pl. xxxIVv, fig. 4.

The middle portion of the carapax in our specimens is closely
granulated, and sometimes the ridges also. The hand is depressed,
and nearly smooth; the fingers sulcated. In life the color of the
carapax above is partly pale brick-red and partly yellowish-white ;
the arms are reddish; the hands pale buff.

It was dredged in considerable numbers from shelly bottoms in
six to ten fathoms, in the channel of Hongkong Harbor.

261. NURSILIA DENTATA Bell
Nursilia dentata Bet, Lin. Trans., Xx1, 309, pl. Xxx1V, fig. 6.

In the male specimen taken by us we notice the following charac-
ters. The posterior branchial angle and ridge are acutely promi-
nent, forming a sharp up-curved tooth at the margin, which is
almost as prominent as the lateral tooth anterior to it. The front is
broader than in Bell’s figure, and the teeth more projecting. Eyes
protractile to a considerable length. Antennulz very long, nearly
half as long as the carapax; their fossee very deep. The external
maxillipeds are not gaping, as in the female, according to Bell; the
surface of the exognath is granulated; ischium of endognath with
a longitudinal ridge along the middle; meros excavated. Chelipeds
as in the female. Abdominal segments as in Nursia; penult joint
with a tooth near its extremity, pointing backward. The abdominal
appendages of the first pair are bifurcated at their extremities.

Color in life white. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.27;
breadth, 0.29 inch.

The difference in the outer maxillipeds is so great that were it
not for the exact correspondence of some other characters we should

*Nursia hardwickti Leach.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 161

consider it specifically, or even generically, different from \wrsilia
dentata. It certainly shows a much greater difference between the
male and female than is noticed in other genera of the family. The
variation, however, when it exists, is usually found in the outer max-
illipeds, as the ciliated ridge in the female, etc.

Our specimen was dredged in ten fathoms, sandy bottom, in the
straits separating Katonasima from Ousima.

CRY PTOCNEMIDA,

A small but well-marked group of Leucosidea may be separated
under this title, including the genus T/os White (which we conclude
to be a Leucosidian, notwithstanding Bell’s footnote’), and the three
new genera described below. They are analogous to Cryptopodia
among Parthenopide and to Cryptolithodes among the Lithodide,
being characterized by a broad, flattened, or even concave, carapax,
the margins of which are expanded and lamelliform, projecting so
much as to conceal the ambulatory feet for the whole or a part of
their length. The chelipeds are, as in Cryptopodia, large, depressed
and always exposed. The apex of the outer maxillipeds is sharply
triangular, projecting much beyond the extremity of the exognath,
and dividing the epistome into halves. The exognath is generally
dilated, and its outer margin more or less arcuated. The basal joint
of the outer manxillipeds is rather small. The pterygostomian chan-
nels are broadly excavated, with the inner margin distinct and
projecting only at the anterior extremity, posteriorly sloping off
smoothly inwards. The orbits are small and deep, and the outer an-
tennz obsolete, or nearly so. In the male abdomen the segments
seem to be mostly soldered together, the first and last being, how-
ever, always distinct.

The crabs of this family would appear to have their nearest allies
among ordinary Leucosidz in Oreophorus, Nursia, and Nursilia.

Genus CARCINASPIS Stimpson

Carapax suborbicular, depressed, nearly flat, broader than long,
broadly rounded but not expanded posteriorly. Sides expanded,
but not projecting sufficiently to conceal entirely even the meros-
joints of the ambulatory feet. Front rostrate; rostrum short,
broadly truncated. Eyes concealed beneath the carapax. Orbits
very deep, round, without fissures, closed within and not communi-

a isitie cans. Sexi, p:'276-
II

162 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

cating with the antennulary fossettes. These fossettes are trans-
verse, ovate in shape, small and complete. The epistome is suffi-
ciently large on either side of the apex of the maxillipeds which
divides it. Buccal area as broad as long. Pterygostomian channels.
notched at the antero-exterior side. Exognath of the outer maxil-
lipeds small, much narrower’ than the endognath; meros-joint of
endognath three-fourths as long as the ischium. Chelipeds robust,
not crested; fingers nearly longitudinal. In the female abdomen the
segments from the third to the sixth are soldered, and the second
segment is produced into a point on either side. The sternum is
broad.

262. CARCINASPIS MARGINATUS Stimpson

PUATE XOLV eRe. 7

Carcinaspis marginatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 161
[59], 1858.

In the female specimen which we have before us the proportion of
length to breadth in the carapax is 1:1.12. The carapax is smooth
and glabrous above, slightly convex and punctate at the middle,
and margined with a double series of minute granules. Rostrum
produced, slightly elevated. Beneath the subhepatic regions the
margins of the outer maxillipeds and sternum are closely granu-
lated, the granules rather flattened. Chelipeds robust, angular, the
surfaces smooth, the upper surface margined on either side, like the
carapax, with a double series of granules, the inferior keel often
punctate or inconspicuously granulated. Fingers of the hand sul-
cated, half as long as the palm. Ambulatory feet rather broad;
meros unicarinate above; remaining joints to extremities bicarinate,
upper carina most prominent; dactyli as long as the penult joint and
with acute extremities.

In life carapax red; feet white. Dimensions of the carapax:
Length, 0.25; breadth, 0.28 inch.

Found under stones at low-water mark, on rocky shores, at the
Cape of Good Hope.

Genus CRYPTOCNEMUS Stimpson

The carapax is broad and pentagonal in shape, or perhaps better
described as triangular, with the lateral angles truncated. It has
broad laminiform expansions posteriorly and at the sides, concealing
the ambulatory feet, with the exception of their extremities when
extended. The lateral expansions and the front are bent upward,

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 163

so that the upper surface is concave on either side of the dorsal
convexity, which is almost carinate along the middle. The front is
rostrate; the rostrum broad and triangular, pointing obliquely up-
ward. Orbits minute, round, with entire margins. Antennulary
fosse oblique. External antenne nearly obsolete, or represented
only by one or two joints at the base. Epistome sufficiently large.
Buccal area as broad as long. Anterior margins of the pterygos-
tomian channel entire. Exognath of the outer maxillipeds dilated,
as broad as the endognath, its outer margin broadly and regularly
arcuated. Meros-joint of the endognath two-thirds as long as the
ischium. Chelipeds with laminiform crests at the edges; fingers of
the hand short. Dactyli of the ambulatory feet very narrow. Ster-
num broad. Abdomen of the male narrow-triangular, geniculated
near the base (where, however, there is no joint) in a right angle,
its segments all confluent with the exception of the first and last.

This little crab has much resemblance to a Cryptopodia, and in its
natural position the main body of the carapax anteriorly is directed
obliquely upward and forward at an angle of 45°.

263. CRYPTOCNEMUS PENTAGONUS Stimpson
RUATE Vy eRIGH ISAO

Cryptocnemus pentagonus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.

162 [60], 1858.

Carapax much broader than long in the proportion of 1: 1.45.
The length of the postero-lateral side is one-half that of the antero-
lateral. The surface is perfectly smooth and glabrous, and convex
anteriorly, with a slight longitudinal ridge or carina running from
the tip of the rostrum to the middle of the gastric region. The
small cardiac region is slightly prominent. The rostrum is ele-
vated to an angle of about 60° with the horizon; tip almost acute ;
sides convex. The outer maxillipeds and all the lower surfaces of
the body are smooth and glossy. The chelipeds are flattened, with
glabrous surfaces; the marginal laminze very much expanded, that
of the hand being wider than the slight thickening which constitutes
its body, and deeply notched on the outer side near the fingers. The
fingers are one-third as long as the palm; immovable finger broad;
dactylus suleated. Ambulatory feet crested with laminz; dactyli
very slender. Color of preserved specimen white. Dimensions of
the carapax in the male: Length, 0.2; breadth, 0.29 inch.

Dredged from shelly mud in twenty fathoms, in Kagosima Bay,
Japan.

164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus ONYCHOMORPHA Stimpson

Carapax flat, unguiform, longer than broad, posteriorly broadly.
expanded and laminiform, anteriorly narrowing. Front very short,
truncated, non-rostrate, and scarcely as prominent as the epistome.
Orbits very minute, deeply notched or fissured at the middle above,
and with a small hiatus within. Antennulary fossz oblique. Epi-
stome very small. External antennz obsolete. Buccal area longer
than broad. Anterior margins of pterygostomian channel entire.
Basal joint of outer maxillipeds very small; exognath much broader
than endognath, with arcuated outer margin; endognath very slen-
der, its apex projecting less far beyond that of the exognath than
in the other genera of this family; ischium-joint shorter than the
meros. Chelipeds much depressed, hand almost laminiform, fingers
very short, oblique, almost transverse. Sternum of moderate
breadth. Abdomen of the male subtriangular, broad and tumid
near the base, sides toward extremity a little concave, segments con-
fluent except at base and extremity.

This genus is easily recognized by the great expansion posteriorly
of the carapax and the non-rostrate front.

264. ONYCHOMORPHA LAMELLIGERA Stimpson

PLaTE XIX, Fic. 8, 8a

Onychomorpha lamelligera Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,
p. 162 [60],. 1858.

Carapax almost laminiform, somewhat lyre-shaped, broadest at
the posterior extremity, narrowing anteriorly, and deeply sinuated
or contracted at the level of the third pair of feet. Breadth to
length as 1:1.1. Front very short; margin straight. Antero-
lateral and posterior margins somewhat curved, convex. Upper
surface glabrous, lightly convex about the middle, depressed and
faintly radiated toward the margins. Pregastric region depressed
below the level of the front. Outer maxillipeds and lower surfaces
of the body smooth. Chelipeds smooth; meros trigonal but de-
pressed, with sharp edges; carpus small, with acute exterior edge;
hand much dilated, lamelliform, pubescent at inner edges and lower
surface; fingers deeply sulcated, constituting one-fourth the length
of the hand. Ambulatory feet slender, with no laminiform expan-
sion; dactyli slender as in Cryptocnemus pentagonus. Abdomen of
the male with a sharp tooth at the extremity of the penult joint and

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 165

a rounded swelling or convexity of the surface on each side near
the base. Dimensions of the carapax in the male: Length, 0.242;
breadth at the posterior extremity, 0.22 inch.

It was dredged from a shelly-mud bottom in ten fathoms, in
Hongkong Harbor, China.

CALAPPIDEA
Genus CALAPPA Fabricius
265. CALAPPA CRISTATA®* Fabricius

Calappa cristata Fapricius, Suppl., 346; Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des
Ciisteaiiee Os:
Lophos philargius DE HAan.

In life the color is pale brick-red above, the surface being covered
with crowded puncte of that color. The eyes are longitudinally
striped with black, the stripes or lines being about seven in number.
A large, well-defined deep red spot on the carpus, and one on the
front of the hand. Inner side of hand with red spots or blotches
arranged in lines. Lower side of brachia deep red. Inferior sur-
face of body white, with the exception of two oblique red lines on
each cheek.

It is not uncommon on muddy bottoms at about six fathoms depth
in the vicinity of Hongkong, China. It occurred abundantly in
May, 1854, but none were found later in the season. Taken also at
Loo Choo.

266. CALAPPA TUBERCULATA * Fabricius

Calappa tuberculata Fasricius, Suppl., 345. Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u.
Krebse, 1, 204, pl. x1, fig. 78. Drsmarest, Consid. sur les Crust., 109,
pl. x, fig. 1. Mine Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., m, 106. Dana,
U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 393.

Calappa hepatica Dk HAAN, Fauna Jap., Crust., p. 70.

Found by the expedition in Gaspar Strait and at Loo Choo.

*Calappa philargius (Linneus).
* Calappa hepatica (Linneus).

166 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus CYCLOES De Haan

267. CYCLOES CRISTATA: (Brulle) Stimpson
PATE exe shires 7

Cryptosoma cristata BRULLE, in M1InNE Epwarps, Hist Nat. des Crust., 1,
110; in Wess and BERTHELOT, Hist. Canaries, Crust.

Cycloés cristata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 162 [60],
1858.

Dredged in twenty fathoms, coarse sandy bottom, in Funchal Bay,
Madeira.

Genus MATUTA Fabricius.
268. MATUTA LUNARIS °* (Herbst) Leach

Cancer lunaris Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 11, p. 43, pl. XLvIuI,
fig. 6.

Matuta lunaris Leach, MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., mm, 114.
Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 395.

In the living specimen the carapax is bluish-white, delicately retic-
ulated with threads of dark red dots. A large white spot on the
gastric region. Feet pale whitish, with a few red-dotted lines.
Eyes gray, tipped with white; peduncles white. Below pure white.

Taken with the seine on sandy beaches in Port Lloyd, Bonin
Island.

A specimen was also found swimming off Rosario Island. This
was of a dark purplish-red color, minutely reticulated with yellow-
dotted threads.

269. MATUTA VICTOR ® Fabricius

Matuta victor Fasricius, Suppl., 369. Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des
Crust); 1, 1153 Mlust Cuv. RAs (Crust. pli vin ne. 1) DANA UL S:
Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 395.

In life carapax bluish or yellowish, with numerous scattered red
dots. Feet yellowish, with large red dots at the joints. Beneath
white.

Found on coarse sand, a fathom below low-water mark, at Hong-
kong; also dredged in the North China Sea.

*Cycloés dentata (Brullé).
* Probably Matuta planipes Fabricius.
* Probably Matuta lunaris (Forskal).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE XIX

30 6

Su

Ou

4
/

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

i

bee
Raat

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 167

DORTE PID As,

Genus DORIPPE Fabricius

270. DORIPPE GUADRIDENS‘’ Fabricius

Dorippe quadridens Faprictus, Suppl., 361. Dr Haan, Fauna Japonica,
(CrAbicing! WA, oll, MONK, water, BP.
Dorippe quadridentata Miu.NE Enwarns, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 1, 156.

The so-called teeth of the abdomen in this species are large, round,
glossy tubercles, of a bright orange color, and very conspicuous
among the rough hairy coatings which cover the general surface of
the body. The bare surfaces of the last two joints of the chelipeds
and long ambulatory feet are.also of a deep orange color in life.
Beneath the naked parts are white.

In the examination of a considerable number of specimens we find
that the eyes in the young are very long, reaching beyond the tips
of the extra-orbital spines, while in full-grown individuals they do
not reach even to the extremities of these spines.

Dredged in six and eight fathoms, on gravelly-mud bottoms, in
Hongkong Harbor.’

272. DORIPPE JAPONICA Von Siebold

Dorippe japonica Von Sresowp, Spicilegia Faunz Japonice, 14. Dr Haan,
Fauna Jap-, Crust., p; 122, pl. xxx, fie. 1.

Fragments of a large male of this species, including the peculiar
hand, were dredged in the harbor of Hakodadi.

273. DORIPPE GRANULATA De Haan

Dorippe granulata Dk HAAN, Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 122, pl. XXX,
fig)

Color in life reddish above, white below.

Dredged on a mud bottom in six fathoms in the Bay of Hakodadt,
Japan; also in thirty fathoms off the northeast coast of Niphon, and
in ten fathoms in Hongkong Harbor. .

*Dorippe dorsipes (Linneus).
* No. 271, Dorippe facchino, is missing from the manuscript.—Editor.

168 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus ETHUSA Roux
274. ETHUSA SEXDENTATA®* (Stimpson)

PLATE XIX, Fic. 4

Dorippe sexdentata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 163
[61], 1858.

Of this small species a single male individual was obtained. It
presents characters which may, upon further examination, warrant
its separation from the typical Ethusa. The carapax is narrowed
forwards; proportion of breadth to length, 1: 1.13. The surface is
uneven, but not granulated. Inter-ocular front quadridentate ; teeth
very sharp, subequal, in two pairs separated by the median notch.
Extra-ocular teeth sharp and spiniform, about equal to the frontal
teeth in size, but not reaching to the level of their tips. Infra-
orbital spine obsolete. External maxillipeds naked, longitudinally
sulcated; meros nearly as broad as ischium. Inner maxillipeds as
in Dorippe. The epignath of the outer maxillipeds plays in a large
afferent cavity at the base of the pterygostomian region, which is not,
however, separated, as in Dorippe, from the open space at the base
of the chelipeds. The feet are slender, rounded and roughened with
slight asperities.

In life carapax pale yellowish-gray ; feet pale brownish; fingers of
the hand white. Dimensions of the carapax: Length, 0.275;
breadth, 0.242 inch.

It was dredged from a shelly bottom in twenty fathoms, in Kago-
sima Bay, Japan.

Genus TYMOLUS Stimpson

Body oblong. Carapax much shorter than the body, rounded,
abruptly contracted anteriorly, the facial region being narrow and
protruding. Hepatic and branchial regions ample, swollen. Affer-
ent branchial opening normal in position, at the anterior base of the
chelipeds. Front quadridentate. Between the median teeth of the
front a small tooth may be seen from above, which constitutes the
wall of the apex or anterior extremity of the buccal area and en-
closes the tips of the outer maxillipeds. Orbits deep, longitudinal ;

* This species was first transferred to the genus Ethusa by Stimpson, on the
cover of one of the separates of the “Prodromus” (teste S. I. Smith).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 169

superior fissure or notch deep; inferior fissure occupied by a tooth.
Eyes small and protractile, as in the Leucosidea. Antennulz suff-
ciently long, without fossettes, and situated in the large inner hiatus
of the orbit. Antenne short, placed in the lower angle of the orbital
hiatus, beneath the antennulz. External maxillipeds very much
elongated, slightly gaping, but accurately fitting the margins of the
buccal area and anteriorly concealing the apices of the inner maxil-
lipeds ; exognath very narrow, and barely overreaching the ischium
of the endognath anteriorly; meros of endognath broader than the
ischium, longitudinally sulcated along the middle and much pro-
duced anteriorly, its pointed apex reaching the front; palpus con-
cealed as in the Leucosidea. Ambulatory feet as in Dorippe, but
with the dactyli scarcely falciform and non-costate. Abdomen
nearly as in Dorippe, but sexarticulate, and with the last joint
dilated. The male verges are in the cox of the last pair of feet.

In the shape of the carapax this curious form resembles Homeola.
In general appearance and the structure of the feet, the posterior
two pairs of which are turned up over the back and prehensile, it is
closely allied to Dorippe. But the character of the external maxil-
lipeds and the position of the afferent branchial openings would far
remove it from this latter genus, and even entitle it to rank as a
distinct family.

275. TYMOLUS JAPONICUS Stimpson

PLATE XIX, Fic. 3, 3a

Tymolus japonicus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 163 [61],
1858.

Carapax. nearly as long as broad, conspicuously areolated, the sur-
face minutely granulated. Sides convex, tridentate, the first tooth
at the summit of the hepatic region, the other two somewhat smaller
than the first, and placed rather close together on the branchial re-
gion. Teeth of the front small but sharp, the two median ones most
projecting. Chelipeds of the male rough with granules and spinules
and some short sete; a strong spine at the summit of the carpus;
hand short and high; fingers large, longer than the palm, concave
within. Ambulatory feet very slender.

Color above bluish-gray in life, below dirty light brownish.
Dimensions of the carapax in a male: Length, 0.235; breadth, 0.24
inch.

170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

This pretty little species was dredged on a shelly bottom in eight
fathoms, in the Bay of Hakodadi.*

ANOMURA
TELEOSOMI
Genus DROMIDIA Stimpson

The group which we have separated from Dromia, under the
generic title of Dromudia, is very closely allied to the old genus
restricted, in form and general appearance. The following charac-
ters may be mentioned as distinguishing it, some of which, however,
may not prove to be of generic value when additional species shall
be discovered. The carapax is convex and pilose, the hair or sete
being often of considerable length. The front is narrow, and the
hepatic regions more or less concave or excavated anteriorly. The
palate is marked by a strong ridge on either side. The posterior
feet are similar to those of Dromua, but the last pair is generally
longer than the penult pair. The appendages to the penult joint of
the abdomen are minute and concealed.. In the sternum of the
female the copulatory sulci are produced, and approximated at their
extremities in a more or less tuberculiform projection situated be-
tween the bases of the chelipeds.

In the typical species, D. hirsutissima, the palpus of the outer
maxillipeds is articulated to the meros rather at its apex than at its
inner angle, as noticed by De Haan. This, however, results from
the elongation of the meros-joint and the obliquity of its anterior
margin. It does not seem to be a character of much importance,
and is not seen in other species of the genus.

As in former descriptions of Dromie no mention is made of char-
acters which are here considered generic, it will be impossible to
arrange all of the known species into groups without a re-examina-
tion of the specimens; but we conjecture that D. globosa, gibbosa,
unidentata, and rotunda will be found to belong in the present genus.

*HAPATOGARCINIDAs
HAPALOCARCINUS MARSUPIALIS Stimpson
PLATE XIV, Fic. 8
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v1, p. 412, 1859. Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Fish
Comm. for 1903, part 111, p. 892, 1906.
Not mentioned in the manuscript of this report.
Hilo, Hawaii, 1 fathom (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 171

276. DROMIDIA SPONGIOSA Stimpson
PGATIE) ONOXG a Oram

Dromidia spongiosa Stimpson, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 238
[76], 1858.

The only specimen obtained of this small species is a female.
With the exception of the fingers of the chelipeds, the entire surface
is covered with a dense and firm envelope of pubescence, sponge-like
in appearance. On the carapax this covering is distinctly marked
with shallow pits or depressions corresponding with those of the
surface beneath, which is glabrous, and minutely punctate. The
front is triangular, pointed, and very much deflexed, much project-
ing downward, and deeply channeled longitudinally, so that it pre-
sents a bicuspid appearance from above. Its margins are smooth,
though flexuose, arching over the antenne, and presenting a slight
tooth at the inner angle of the orbit. There is no tooth on the
superior margin of the orbit, and none at its external angle, although
at this latter point there is a fissure. The antero-lateral margin is
entire, strongly convex, and bears a small tooth at the lateral emar-
gination. ‘The meros-joint of the external maxillipeds is oblique'at
the anterior margin, though less so than in D. hirsutissima. Cheli-
peds of moderate size, with a smooth surface; hand rather short ;
fingers not deflexed, and bare of pubescence except at their bases;
both fingers toothed within. Feet of the fourth pair very short,
compressed, and truncate at the tip; fifth pair more slender and
longer. Abdomen (of the female) long, with a narrow, obtuse
median carina separating two longitudinal smooth channels; appen-
dages of the penult joint concealed; terminal joint large, one-half
longer than the penult. Color in life reddish. “Length of the cara-
pax in our specimen, 0.42; breadth, 0.52 inch.

This species resembles somewhat D. unidentata Ruppell and D.
rotunda MacLeay, from which it differs (judging from published
accounts) in the want of tubercles at the angles of the orbits, in the
toothed dactylus of the chelipeds, and in the shape of the meros-joint
of the outer maxillipeds. D. wnidentata is represented in Ruppell’s
figure as having two or three spiniform processes beside the dac-
tylus, at the extremity of the penult joint, in the fourth and fifth
pairs of feet, which is not the case in our species, nor in any other
Dromia which we have seen.

Our species Was dredged from a r cky bottom in twenty fathoms,
in False Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

172 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

277. DROMIDIA EXCAVATA Stimpson

Dromidia excavata STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.. 230
[77], 1858.

The following description was taken from a young female speci-
men. The body and feet are covered with pubescence which is
longest beneath. Carapax smooth, strongly and regularly convex,
equally so anteriorly as posteriorly. The sides are nearly parallel,
so that it has a quadrate appearance, were it not for the protrusion
of the front. The sides of the carapax below the sulcus, where pro-
tected by the retracted feet, are membranaceous. This is probably
a mark of immaturity. The subhepatic regions are deeply excavated
in front. Front small, bifid as seen from above, but with a smaller,
slender, curved, acute, median tooth below; tooth over eye peduncle
small, external orbital angle not dentiform. No teeth on antero-
lateral margin except that forming the external angle of the hepatic
excavation and that at the deep lateral sulcus. The anterior margin
of the meros-joint in the external maxillipeds is oblique and the ex-
ternal angle obtuse. Chelipeds small, angular, but with smooth sur-
faces; carpus protuberant and with a strong superior tooth; hand
without teeth; fingers compressed nearly as long as the palm. Hair
on the outer side of the hand dense, arranged in longitudinal lines.
Ambulatory feet of moderate length, fifth pair longer than the
fourth. Abdomen of the female with an obtuse carina. On the in-
ferior surface of the body the thick, hairy covering is excavated in
numerous pits or concavities, at the bottoms of which the protuber-
ant parts of the abdomen and foot-bases appear, almost bare of
pubescence. Color brownish; fingers of chelipeds pale crimson.
Length of carapax, 0.37; breadth, 0.35 inch.

In our specimen, which is evidently a young one, the copulatory
sulci are indistinct, and produced only to the fifth sternal segment.

It was found among soft sponges dredged in six fathoms, on a
muddy bottom, in Port Jackson, Australia.

Genus CRYPTODROMIA Stimpson

This name has been proposed for a group of small species which
are very numerous in the East Indian and Pacific seas. They are
littoral in their habits, and always found concealed in some foreign
living body, generally a compound ascidian. They are easily recog-
nized by their size and aspect, being small, subglobular, and covered
with a very short pubescence only. The carapax is generally a little

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE xX

>
0

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

AY

sib :

et

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 73

broader than long, with a rather broad front. Teeth of antero-
lateral margin often bifurcated. Palate armed with a ridge on each
side. External maxillipeds as in Dromia. Feet as in Dromia, but
always more or less nodose. Posterior pair longer than the penult
pair. The copulatory sulci of the female sternum are remote from
each other, and terminate in the fourth segment (that of the second
pair of feet), each in a little tubercle. The abdomen is generally
armed with nodiform or spiniform projections. The male abdomen
is sufficiently broad, with free (unsoldered) segments; appendages
to the penult joint conspicuous; terminal joint usually broader than
long.

The Dromia nodipes of Lamarck and D. lateralis of Gray belong
to this genus, and perhaps also D. fallax and D. caput-mortuum.
These species have not yet been fully described, however, and in the
uncertainty we name as the type C. coronata, described below.

278. CRYPTODROMIA CORONATA Stimpson
TPAD ROM TBE

Cryptodromia coronata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 239
[77], 1858.

Carapax broader than long, evenly convex; surface minutely
roughened with grains and covered with a very short but strongly
adhering pubescence. Front very broad, 5-toothed, teeth large and
sharply projecting, subequal; middle one somewhat smaller than the
others and placed at a lower level; outer or lateral ones situated on
the superior margin of the orbit. The inferior orbital tooth is nearly
equal in size to those of the front. External hiatus or notch of orbit
not: deep ; tooth at external angle scarcely prominent. Antero-lateral
margin 5-toothed, but with two teeth only showing prominently, the
posterior tooth being as small as the angle of the orbit, and the sec-
ond tooth being at a much lower level than the others, and on the sub-
hepatic region. The two large teeth are slightly bilobed, the an-
terior lobe in each being a sharp tooth, but the posterior one broadly
rounded. Feet nodose; tubercles not very numerous, but promi-
nent; interspaces reticulated. This reticulation is best seen on the
outer surface of the hand, which is entirely covered by it. Chelipeds
equal. Fingers very strongly gaping, dentate at tips; dactylus
slightly compressed, with a broad, deep sulcus on the front or outer
surface, and 2—3-dentate on the inner edge toward base. The feet
of the last pair are considerably longer than those of the penult
pair. Male abdomen rather broad; last joint much broader than

174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

long; penult joint narrower; third and fourth joints each with four
spines, the spines short, those of the fourth joint most prominent; a
short spine on each side at the posterior angles of the fifth joint.
Color lemon-yellow or orange, sometimes blotched with brown on.
‘the dorsal aspect. Fingers of chelipeds carmine. Length of cara-
pax in the male, 0.525; breadth, 0.56 inch.

The back was covered by a close-grained sponge.

It was found among madrepores at the depth of a fathom, in Port
Lloyd, Bonin Island.

279. CRYPTODROMIA LATERALIS (Gray) Stimpson
PLATE XX, Fic. 3
Dromia lateralis Gray, Zoological Miscellany, p. 40.

Our specimens agree with the description above cited, except in
dimensions, which are, according to Gray: “Length, 7; breadth, 6%
lines.” In ours the carapax is broader than long. But Gray may
have measured the body as protruding beyond the carapax behind.

The front is large, very strongly projecting, and bicuspid. Color
uniform, light yellowish-brown.

Found at low-water mark on rocky and stony ground and among
sponges, in six fathoms, muddy bottom, Port Jackson, Australia.

280. CRYPTODROMIA TUBERCULATA Stimpson

Prats XX], Fic. 6

Cryptodromia tuberculata Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x,
p. 239 [77], 1858.

Carapax broad, smooth, scarcely at all pubescent. Front broad,
little prominent, 5-toothed, including the przorbital teeth; teeth sub-
equal, obtuse; median tooth most acute and prominent. Lateral
margins 4-toothed; the first two teeth strong and tuberculiform;
the third low and elongated, but deeply separated from the second
and fourth; the fourth situated at the lateral sulcus. First tooth
separated by a considerable interval from the orbital angle. On the
subhepatic region there is an arched row of tubercles or teeth ex-
tending from the extero-inferior corner of the orbit to the second
lateral tooth; these tubercles diminish in size outward; the two near-
est the eye are very strongly prominent and are nearly as large as
the lateral teeth. There are also two teeth in a transverse row
next to the anterior angle of the buccal area. Chelipeds strongly

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION WHS

tuberculated, with conical tubercles; on the carpus there are three or
four large and about ten small tubercles. On the hand there are
twenty to twenty-five tubercles, variable in size, mostly on the ex-
ternal surface. ‘The inside of the hand is densely pubescent. Fin-
gers in the male gaping, much compressed, and tapering towards
the extremities. The first and second pairs of ambulatory feet are
sharply verrucose, four or five of these teeth or verrucz on the
superior margin of the carpal joint. Abdomen of the female, with
the third, fourth, and fifth joints each armed with four tubercles,
two in the middle and one on either side. These tubercles are some-
times seen also in the male abdomen, but less constantly than in the
female. The color is much obscured, but appears to be, in living
specimens, a dark neutral tint, mottled with greenish; fingers white.
Length of carapax in the male, 0.43; breadth, 0.52 inch.

Found at Selio Island in Gaspar Strait, at the Island of Kikaisima,
and on the shores of Kagosima Bay. At the latter place it occurred
under stones, among boulders, in the middle divisions of the littoral
zone.

231. CRYPTODROMIA TUMIDA Stimpson

Cryptodromia tumida Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 240
[78j, 1828.

Carapax smooth, short-pubescent, convex, extremely tumid at the
gastric and hepatic regions, the dorsum rising abruptly behind the
front. The front is like that of C. tuberculata, but the lateral teeth
(of the three interocular ones) are more prominent than the middle
one. <Antero-lateral margin with three small equal tuberculiform
teeth besides the fourth or usual one at the lateral sulcus, which is
much behind the third. One strong tubercle on the subhepatic re-
gion in the interval between the orbit and the first lateral tooth. One
tubercle at the antero-lateral angle of buccal area. Chelipeds
sparsely verrucose; three or four tubercles on the carpus; four on
the hand above, two at the base, and two nearly obsolete at the junc-
ture of the dactylus; outer surface of the hand smooth or with some
longitudinal lines of obsolete granules. Fingers in the male very
much gaping, touching only at the tips; in the females compressed
and not gaping. Ambulatory feet of the first and second pairs irreg-
ularly protuberant, scarcely verrucose; upper margin of carpal joint
on the inner side strongly convex and smooth. Abdomen of both
sexes smooth, the tubercles, if any, being obsolete in our specimens.
Color in preserved specimens yellowish; fingers crimson at the mid-
dle. Length of the carapax in the female, 0.38; breadth, 0.45 inch.

176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Found in Foukow Bay, on the northwest side of the island of
Ousima.

282. CRYPTODROMIA CANALICULATA Stimpson

Cryptodromia canaliculata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x.,.
p. 240 [78], 1858.

Carapax convex, uneven, and distinctly channeled parallel to the
frontal and antero-lateral margins, the channel being rather broad.
and rendered more conspicuous by being nearly destitute of the
pubescence which covers the rest of the surface. Transverse sulcus
deep between the gastric and cardiac regions. Front much project-
ing; median tooth and the two next prominent, acute; przorbital
teeth much smaller and less prominent ; external angle of orbit acute.
Antero-lateral margin three-toothed, including the posterior or sul-
cus tooth; the first tooth is much the strongest and sharpest, and
between this tooth and the angle of the orbit there is a ridge concave
in outline. A strong concavity on the subhepatic region is well cir-
cumscribed by this ridge and another ridge, which extends between:
the strong subhepatic tooth and the second lateral tooth. The sub-
orbital tooth is also very prominent. Feet much pubescent and stout-—
hairy; chelipeds nearly as in C. tumida, but with the longitudinal
ridges on outer surface of hand more strongly defined; fingers much:
compressed. Ambulatory feet of the first and second pairs very
angular and subverrucose, but not tuberculated; upper side of carpal
joint depressed, almost concave. Abdomen smooth, that of the:
male with a deep sinus on each side at the penult joint. This species.
is of a dirty buff color. Length of the carapax in a female, 0.31;
breadth, 0.36 inch.

One individual was found carrying upon its back a piece of sea-
weed (Padina) ; the others all used compound ascidians.

Inhabits rocky shores, among seaweeds, in the lowest division of
the littoral zone. ‘Taken in Gaspar Strait by Captain Rodgers; also:
at Loo Choo and Kikaisima by other members of the expedition.

Genus DROMIA Fabricius

This genus as restricted will contain those species like D. vulgaris,
D. rumphu, and D. lator, in which the palate is smooth, and the ster--
nal sulci of the female are not approximated, and produced only to
the fourth sternal segment, between the bases of the second pair of
feet. The carapax is transverse, convex, and pilose. The front is
rather narrow and prominent. Hepatic regions not excavated. Im

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 177

the external maxillipeds the palpus is inserted at the internal angle
of the meros, the anterior margin of which is consequently trans-
verse. The feet are of moderate size, with the meros-joint not
dilated; fingers of the first pair with calcareous apices. The feet of
the posterior two pairs are smaller and shorter than the rest, though
about equaling each other in length. They have subcheliform ex-
tremities, the penult joint being armed with a spiniform process
nearly as long as the minute sharp dactylus. The abdomen is un-
armed; that of the male is rather narrow, with its penult joint con-
tracted, appendages conspicuous.

The species are of large size, and the adult individuals do not
appear to carry about with them any protecting body.

Found in the warmer seas of both oceans. Type, D. vulgaris.

283. DROMIA RUMPHII’ Fabricius

Prams sox HIGe 7,

es
Cancer dromia LiNN&US (?).
Dromia rumphiu Fasrictus, Suppl., 359. Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des
Craig, Wii, 177741,

This large species is common on muddy bottoms in from four to
ten fathoms in the harbor of Hongkong, China. In one of our speci-
mens, a male, the carapax measures 3.4 inches in length and 4.05
inches in breadth. It is everywhere covered with a thick coat of
short dark-brown hairs or bristles. ‘The carapax beneath this coat
is reddish. Fingers bare, red.

In De Haan’s figure of this species (Fauna Jap., Crust., pl. XXx11)
the penult joint of the male abdomen is represented of about the
same breadth as the fifth and seventh, while in our examples it is
considerably narrower. ‘The first and second ambulatory feet are
also shorter than he has figured them.

Genus PSEUDODROMIA Stimpson

The carapax is narrow, much longer than broad, convex, and
pubescent. In the specimen upon which the genus is founded the
shell is but little indurated posteriorly. The facial region is more
than half as wide.as the carapax. Front triangular, very promi-
nent, almost rostriform. The epistome or interantennulary triangle
is not soldered to the front as in allied genera. Palate armed with

*Dromia dormia (Linnzus).

12

178 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

ridges. In the external maxillipeds the external angle of the meros
is obtusely rounded and the palpus rather large. ‘The feet are sim-
ilar to those of Dromuia in character, but those of the fifth pair are of
great length, longer than the second pair. For want of female speci- _
mens we cannot ascertain the character of the copulatory sulci. The
male abdomen is unarmed, elongated, tapering to a point, with its
joints all free; appendages of penult joint minute; terminal joint
triangular, much longer than broad.

The narrow carapax and very long posterior feet will serve to dis-
tinguish this genus.

284. PSEUDODROMIA LATENS Stimpson

PrN} NOX, JME, 3

Pseudodromia latens Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 240
[78], 1858.

.

The description is drawn up from a single specimen, a male, per-
haps young. ‘The body is mostly covered with a short pubescence,
becoming longer, however, on the edges of the feet. The back of
the carapax is smooth and glabrous, in some parts nearly destitute of
pubescence. Carapax elongated, contracted a little at the lateral
sulci and at the facial region and dilated a little near the posterior
extremity. Lateral margins smooth, no tooth even at lateral sulcus.
Interantennary front very narrow, rostriform, triangular, deflexed;
apex obscurely tridentate and setose. A slight angle, but no tooth
over eye peduncle, and no tooth on the external or inferior side of
the orbit. The hiatus of interantennulary septum is very narrow,
but extends all the way back, entirely disjoining the epistome from
the front. Chelipeds smooth, rounded; fingers toothed as usual in
Dronue, but very sharp. Ambulatory feet also smooth, their ter-
minal nails very long and sharp. When folded the last pair of feet
are thrown forward of the second pair, and reach quite to their ex-
tremities. The male abdomen is long and tapering, last joint with
acuminated extremity. Color yellowish-white. Length of the cara-
pax, 0.38; breadth, 0.27; length of posterior pair of feet, 0.39 inch.

This animal can draw itself deeply into its thin “jacket” or cover-
ing (a compound tunicary), and pucker up the aperture so as to be
entirely concealed.

It was dredged in twelve fathoms on a sandy bottom in Simons
Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ST!IMPSON PLATE Xx!

6 y

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 179

Genus PETALOMERA Stimpson

The carapax in this genus is oblong or subovate, longer than
broad, and with the exception of the epimera well indurated. The
epimera, or sides beneath the lateral sulci, are membranaceous, being
protected by the expansions of the meros-joints of the feet. The
front is prominent and tridentate. Lateral margins convex, with
no prominent angle. The facial region is sufficiently broad, with
the antennz closely packed and flattened on their outer sides, show-
ing an even surface. Buccal area rather small, neatly filled by the
external maxillipeds, and much broader anteriorly than posteriorly.
Palate armed with ridges. Anterior margin of meros-joint of ex-
ternal° maxillipeds oblique. The meros-joints of the anterior three
pairs of feet are dilated above with rounded lamelliform expansions.
The extremities of the fingers of the chelipeds are cochleariform and
corneous. ‘The posterior two pairs of feet are much like those of
Dromuia, the last pair longest.

285. PETALOMERA GRANULATA Stimpson
Prate XXI, Fie. 4

Petalomera granulata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 240

[78], 1858.

Carapax convex, sparsely but conspicuously granulated. The lat-
eral sulcus is situated at the posterior third of the length. Frontal
median tooth inferior and very small; lateral ones very prominent ;
supraorbital tooth small; outer orbital fissure closed. Three small
inconspicuous granulated teeth on the antero-lateral margin, between
the scarcely prominent orbital angle and the lateral sulcus, the first
one subhepatic. A small process on the second joint of the external
antenne. Feet all granulated except the posterior pair, which are
smooth. Chelipeds granulated and crested; crest of carpus spinu-
lose; a tubercle at the summit of the carpus and one at that of the
hand. The fingers are short, not gaping, with a transverse or
oblique ridge on the outer surface defining the corneous tips, and
having some resemblance in the side view to the bill of the Mormon,
or puffin. The superior margin of the lamellar dilatation in the
meros-joints of the feet is smooth and sharp. Color in life orange,
with reddish clouds. Length of the carapax in the male, 0.36;
breadth, 0.33 inch.

180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Taken from a shelly bottom in twenty fathoms, in Kagosima Bay,
Japan.

Genus CONCHGCETES Stimpson

This genus is founded upon the old Cancer artificiosus of Herbst,
which, like Guérin’s Hypoconcha, uses a valve of the shell of some
acephalous mollusk for its transportable covering and hiding place.
Its posterior feet present, therefore, modifications specially adapted
for securing this kind of habitaculum.

The carapax is depressed, subpentagonal in shape, and nearly
naked. The dorsal sulci are conspicuous. Besides the usual sulci
arising from postero-lateral notches, there is another, of considerable
depth, extending from the antero-lateral corner of the carapax to
the transverse gastro-cardiac suture. The front is rather narrow.
The palate is armed with ridges. The feet of the fourth pair are
robust, thicker than those of the second and third pairs, and nearly
as long; the dactylus is large and hook-shaped, recurving upon an
obtuse process of the penult joint at its base. The feet of the fifth
or last pair are very slender, and their extremities are not subcheli-
form, having only a minute, somewhat twisted dactylus. Our only
female specimen is immature, but the sternal sulci seem to be like
those of Dromia proper. ‘The male abdomen is of moderate breadth,
with the fifth and sixth joints apparently soldered together, although
the commissure is distinct; appendages to penult joint rounded;
terminal joint subcordate, as broad as long.

The only species known is an inhabitant of the East Indian seas.

286. CONCHC@:CETES ARTIFICIOSUS (Herbst) Stimpson
PLATE XOX, Fic) 5

Cancer artificiosus Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben und Krebse, 11, 54, pl.
LVIII, fig. 5.

Conchecetes artificiosus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat.’ Sci. Phila., x, p. 240
[78], 1858.

About one inch in length, of a light buff color above, with a little
pale red on the posterior part of the carapax ; beneath darker ; fingers
and dactyli of the feet reddish-white. Surface minutely pubescent.
It is found in valves of Cytherea, etc.

Taken sparingly in eight and ten fathoms on the shelly bottom of
the channel between Hongkong Island and the Chinese main.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 181

RANINIDEA
Genus COSMONOTUS White

287. COSMONOTUS GRAYII Adams and White

Cosmonotus grayii ADAMS and WuirTr, Voy. Samarang, Crust., p. 60, pl.
Sih, anlar By

As this curious crustacean is not fully described in the work above
cited, some of its more important characters will be noted here. The
antenne are nearly as in Ranilia. The eyes are seated at the ex-
tremities of very long compressed peduncles, somewhat dilated
toward the base, and retractile backward into oblique orbits, reaching
to the antero-lateral angles of the carapax at the level of the middle
of the outer maxillipeds. The whole outer surface of these maxil-
lipeds is squamose or roughened with arcuated and ciliated lineole;
but there is no oblique ciliated crest on the ischium, as in Ranilia and
Notopus; meros-joint as long as the ischium; exognath sufficiently
broad and reaching a little beyond the tip of the ischium. Sternum,
as in Ranilia, narrow between the bases of the second pair of feet.
Last joint of abdomen in the female free.

The carapax was of a palish brick-red color in life, with a median
line of white. Feet and inferior surface white.

Our specimen of this species was caught with the “deep-sea
clams” on a sandy bottom in ninety fathoms, off the northeast ex-
tremity of Formosa, eighty miles from land.

SCHIZOSOMI
PORCELLANIDEA

Genus PETROLISTHES Stimpson

Carapax depressed, subovate, not broader than long. Front trian-
gular, with a more or less undulated margin, which may be either
smooth or dentated. There is often a small tooth or lobe on each
side at the base of the triangular main body of the front. Eyes
rather large. The coxal joint of antenne is small, not reaching the
superior margin of the carapax, and often concealed beneath the
corner of the subhepatic shield, but sometimes its inner angle is ex-
posed in the form of a tooth beneath the eye. The movable part of
the antenna is thus not excluded from the orbit, but works freely in

182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

its external hiatus, coming in contact with the eye. The movable
peduncle of the antennz is more or less crested. The epimeral
pieces of the carapax are posteriorly continuous and entire. Cheli-
peds broad and depressed. Dactyli of the ambulatory feet of the .
normal form—that is, short and robust—without supplementary
unguicles.

The name Pisidia of Leach can properly be retained neither for
Petrolisthes nor for Porcellana restricted, since Leach’s genus was
founded upon a purely fanciful character, and about half its species
will go in one of those genera and half in the other.

The species of Petrolisthes are very numerous, inhabiting the
tropical and temperate zones in both oceans. ‘They are strictly lit-
toral in station. The following species, heretofore described, may
be classed here, P. violacea being considered the type:

Porcellana violacea Guérin. Porcellana dentata M. Edw.
valida Dana. tomentosa Dana.
rupicola Stimpson. boscu Savigny.
elongata M. Edw. galathina Bosc.
japonica De Haan. lirsuta Gray.
asiatica Gray. edwardsu De S.
polita Gray. tuberculata Guér.
armata Gibbes. tuberculifrons M. E. & L.
maculata M. Edw. tuberculosa M. Ed.
lamarcki M. Edw. acanthophora M. E. & L.
speciosa Dana. coccinea Owen.

scabricula Dana.

288. PETROLISTHES SPECIOSUS (Dana) Stimpson
PLATE XXII, Fic. 2

Porcellana speciosa Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 417, pl. xxv1,
fig. 8.

Petrolisthes speciosus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 241
[79], 1858.

This species in life is of a purplish or reddish-brown color above,
with a bluish-white hoariness in old specimens. Beneath deep crim-
son. It is sometimes found of a much larger size than is mentioned
by Dana; thus, in a specimen from Japan, the carapax measures
0.61 inch in length and 0.575 in breadth; the hand 1.05 in length.
Most specimens differ somewhat from Dana’s figure, as follows:
The angles are less rounded and the carpus in the right cheliped has
fewer teeth on the anterior margin, is not so closely serrated on the
posterior margin, and is more prominent at the external angle.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 183

It is very common on the shores of the Western Pacific, ranging
in station from low-water mark to above half-tide level on rocky and
stony ground. It was found by us in Kagosima Bay, at the Bonin
Islands, at Ousima, and on the outer shore of Hongkong Island.

289. PETROLISTHES PUBESCENS Stimpson
PrATE XXII, Fic. 3

Petrolisthes pubescens Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 241
[79], 1858.

The carapax and feet are everywhere pubescent above. The
margins of the feet, and particularly the outer margin of the hands,
are densely ciliated. Carapax subovate, very slightly longer than
broad, sides rounded, and not margined with an elevated line, but
armed with a minute spine in the post-orbital sinus. Front some-
what trilobate ; median lobe largest, rounded, and sufficiently promi-
nent. Suborbital margin not deeply concave. Basal crest of outer
antennze much projecting. External apex of the ischium in the
external maxillipeds not produced. The chelipeds above are nearly
smooth beneath the pubescence, but in part minutely and sparsely
spinulose; meros spinulose above; front margin of carpus five-
or six-toothed, the tooth being alternately large and small, the
large ones sometimes denticulated, inner tooth largest, no tooth on
the part next the hand; a few spinules along the posterior side of
the carpus; outer margin of the hand armed with ten small spines
above the marginal series of ciliz ; superior edge of dactylus denticu-
lated. Upper margin of the meros-joint in the ambulatory feet
spinulose. Color above bluish-white, distantly and regularly spotted
with purplish-brown, the carapax having four spots about the mid-
dle and others about the margin; feet each with four or five spots;
beneath white. Length of carapax in the male, 0.31; breadth,
0.295; length of larger hand, 0.46; breadth, 0.19 inch.

Very near to P. tomentosa Dana (loc. cit., 1, 420, pl. XXvI, fig. 10),
but the carapax is broader, with a more depressed and even surface ;
the outer margin of the hand is spinulose along the whole length;
the outer maxillipeds are not smooth, but transversely lineolated,
and the meros of the ambulatory feet is spinulose above for the whole
length.

Found under large stones on the ocean shore of Foukow Bay,
Ousima.

184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

290. PETROLISTHES HASTATUS Stimpson
PLate. XXII, Fie. 4

Petrolisthes hastatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 241 ~
[79], 1858.

Carapax above and posteriorly depressed and smooth, anteriorly
and at the sides transversely striolated. Front triangular and prom-
inent, with the longitudinal furrows sufficiently deep. Marginal
lines not conspicuous ; no spine behind the orbit. Crest of the basal
joints of the outer antennz prominent, bilobate; inner lobe acute,
outer one rounded. Chelipeds regularly but not very strongly gran-
ulated above; posterior margin of carpus not spinulose, but produced
into a rather long, curved spine at its outer extremity; anterior mar-
gin of carpus armed with three or four elongated but not very
prominent teeth. Ambulatory feet hairy; meros sparsely spinulose
above. Outer apex of ischium in the external maxillipeds not pro-
duced. Color olive, variable in depth in different individuals, and
often minutely mottled with white. Length of carapax in the male,
0.47; breadth, 0.46 inch.

Found in a small harbor at Kikaisima; also at Ousima.

291. PETROLISTHES JAPONICUS (De Haan) Stimpson

Porcellana japonica D&E Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 199, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Petrolisthes japonicus St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 241
[79], 1858.

In life this species is of a dark olive color above and bluish-white
below.

It inhabits the lower levels of the littoral zone, and occurred at
Simoda in Japan, at the Bonin Islands, at Kikaisima, at the Ama-
kirrima Islands, and at Hongkong, in China.

Genus RAPHIDOPUS Stimpson

In this form, so distinct from the ordinary Porcellane, the carapax
is rounded, broader than long, and a little projecting at the sides.
The front is transverse, not prominent, and tridentate. The eyes
are very small and deep-seated. The first or coxal joint of the ex-
ternal antenne is very large, joining the superior margin of the
carapax, and much produced, far removing the movable portion of
the antenne from the orbit. The external maxillipeds are of the
usual form; the ischium, however, is short, very much dilated and

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CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 185

rounded within, and its external apex is not produced. The cheli-
peds are not broad and depressed, but thick; the hands are about
equal, but not large, so that they do not touch each other when the
chelipeds are folded against the face. Finally the dactyli of the
ambulatory feet are of a shape remarkably different from anything
yet observed in the family; instead of the short, thick, curved form
observed in all other genera, we have a straight, slender, elongated
terminal joint shaped like a stiletto or a flattened needle, and sharply
pointed, but without any indication of a distinct unguiculus. This
form of feet is well adapted to the habits of the animal, enabling it
to move with facility through the soft mud in which it lives.

It is an inhabitant of moderately deep water, and the only known
species is found in the Chinese seas.

2 2. RAPHIDOPUS CILIATUS Stimpson
PLATE XXII, Fie. 5

Raphidopus ciliatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 241
[79], 1858. :

Sides of the body and margins of the feet thickly ciliated with
long, fine hairs. Carapax pubescent, somewhat areolated; surface a
little uneven, and transversely rugate. Lateral margin strongly con-
vex, with. a fissure behind the base of the external antennz, two
small teeth or spines near the middle, and a spine on the postero-
lateral margin at the extremity of a short oblique ridge. Frontal
teeth minute, the median one most prominent. Anterior margin but
slightly sinuated at the orbits. Latero-inferior regions of the cara-
pax strongly striated or longitudinally ridged, especially posteriorly ;
ridges few in number and subdistant. The external antenne are
four or five times as long as the carapax and folded backwards.
Chelipeds large, angular, and very hairy; meros large, more than
two-thirds as long as the carpus, roughened above and armed below
with a single long, sharp, curved spine; carpus about two-thirds as
long as the hand, roughened above, with a median longitudinal spinu-
lated ridge, its anterior margin not dilated, slightly concave and
serrulated; its posterior margin convex and armed with five spin-
ules; smaller hand elongated, subtriangular, with three longitudinal
obtuse ridges, minutely crenulated or spinulated, on the upper sur-
face; fingers longer than the palm, not gaping, tips much curved,
crossing each other, inner edges minutely denticulated but not
toothed; inner edge of immovable finger slightly dilated. In the
larger hand the dactylus is subcristate above, with a slightly promi-

186 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

nent tooth on the crest near the middle, and is armed with a tooth
within near the base; the immovable finger bears a strong tooth at
the middle of its inner edge. Ambulatory feet long, slender,
slightly compressed; meros not dilated; dactyli as long as the penult
joint, and slightly sulcated on one side toward extremities; dactylus.
of last pair of feet shorter than the others. Color white or pale
yellowish-brown, obscured by sordes. Length of carapax in the
female, 0.3; breadth, 0.39; length of hand, 0.5.

Taken abundantly with the trawl on a muddy bottom in six fath-
oms, in a bay on the coast of China opposite Hongkong.

Genus PACHYCHELES Stimpson

This genus is readily recognized by its peculiar habit. Its form
is less depressed than in Petrolisthes, and, while the carapax is
smooth, the chelipeds are thick and coarse in appearance, short, and
irregularly protuberant or granulated above. The carapax is
rounded-ovate, at least as broad as long, with the lateral margins
marked by an elevated line, the front somewhat deflexed, a little
prominent at the middle, and subacute, but never dentated, with its
apex concealed by pubescence. ‘The epimeral pieces of the carapax
are not soldered, but separated by membranaceous interspaces, the
posterior square piece being particularly well defined. In this latter
point this genus differs from all the others of the family. The first
joint of the external antennz is sufficiently well developed in its
internal angle, touching, though not joining, the superior margin of
the carapax, and excluding the movable portion from the orbit; it is,
however, not produced outward or backward, as in Porcellana
proper and allied genera. The carpus of the chelipeds is remarkably
short and broad. Dactyli of the ambulatory feet normal in form.

The genus is littoral in its habits, and is an inhabitant of the tem-
perate and warm-temperate zones in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Porcellana grossimana of Guérin may be considered the type of
this genus, which also includes the P. monilifera of Dana and P.
natalensis Krauss.

293. PACHYCHELES PECTINICARPUS Stimpson
121A) NOSIUNI, JETS 5

Pachycheles pectinicarpus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.
242 [80], 1858.
Carapax broad, somewhat depressed in the middle, smooth and
glabrous, but obsoletely striated toward the sides. Sinus of the
posterior margin very shallow. Protogastric lobules sufficiently

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 187

prominent. Front little prominent, pubescent. Chelipeds granu-
lated, not sulcated ; larger granules sometimes obscurely arranged in
rows; carpus much broader than long, with its anterior margin con-
vex and pectinated with about eight small, equal spiniform teeth.
Fingers of the larger hand gaping and pubescent within. This spe-
cies is of a uniform cream color. Length of the carapax, 0.3;
breadth, 0.345; length of greater hand, 0.37; breadth, 0.225 inch.
Found under stones on rocky ground in the third subregion of

the littoral zone, on the shore of Ly-i-moon passage, near Hongkong,
China.

294. PACHYCHELES STEVENSII Stimpson
PrLate XXIII, Fic. 6

Pachycheles stevensii Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 242
[80], 1858.

Carapax broad-ovate, smooth, not areolated, in the middle glabrous
and punctate, at the sides slightly striated transversely, and an-
teriorly obsoletely granulated. Sinus of the posterior margin shal-
low, broadly rounded. Front sufficiently prominent, triangular,
slightly pubescent. Chelipeds robust, granulated. In the greater
cheliped the meros is transversely striated above; the carpus broad
and granulated, the granules unequal, the larger ones being some-
times arranged in more or less regular longitudinal rows; anterior
margin of the carpus three-toothed, the teeth being prominent, trun-
cated, and denticulated, and the inner tooth bifurcated; hand granu-
lated, granules of the margins very prominent and lobulated; fingers
not gaping; immovable finger triangular, a little pubescent within at
the base; dactylus with marginal granules less prominent than those
of the palm. In the smaller cheliped the anterior margin of the car-
pus is convex, prominent, and not deeply tridentate; the hand is
longitudinally bisulcated on its upper surface, and the fingers are not
tomentose. The ambulatory feet are provided with stout, short
hairs; dactyli robust, with curved, almost hook-like extremities.
Length of the carapax in the female, 0.5; breadth, 0.525; length of
greater hand, 0.64; breadth, 0.36 inch.

Found on the west coast of Jesso by Capt. H. K. Stevens, of the
steamer “J. Hancock.”

Genus PORCELLANA Lamarck restricted

We have restricted the name Porcellana to that group which in-
cludes most of the old Lamarckian species, and of which P. platy-
cheles may be considered the type. The carapax is generally longer

188 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

than broad, with the lateral margins more or less acute and project-
ing, never smoothly rounded. The front is large, prominent, and
dentated. ‘The orbits are deep. The first joint of the antennz is
large, joining the superior margin of the carapax, projecting within
in the form of a triangular tooth or point, and much produced out-
ward, far removing the movable joints from the orbit. The cheli-
peds vary in form, being sometimes broad and depressed, and some-
times narrow with a contorted hand; the anterior margin of the short
carpus is generally prominent or unilobate next its juncture with the
meros. The dactyli of the ambulatory feet are of normal form, but
generally rather longer than in allied genera.

A group of small species, with one of the hands much twisted and
its fingers excavated, shows some other differences which serve to
distinguish it from the typical group founded on the P. platycheles
and similar forms. They might form a distinct genus (to which the
name Streptochirus would be applicable), but they are so intimately
connected with the others in the more essential characters that it is
thought best not to separate them here.

The geographical range of the genus is wide, as it seems to be
represented in all seas of the temperate and torrid zones. It is the
only genus of its family which occurs in the European waters.

The following known species belong to this genus:

Porcellana platycheles Lamk. Porcellana dehaani Krauss.
say Gray. armata Dana.
pilosa M. Edw. spinifrons M. Edw.
ocellata Gibbes. suluensis Dana.

longicornis M. Edw.

295. PORCELLANA ORNATA Stimpson

Porcellana ornata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila:, x, p. 242 [80],
1858.

Carapax subovate; surface anteriorly areolated; protogastric and
hepatic lobules particularly prominent. Lateral margins obsoletely
2—3-denticulated. Supraorbital margins deeply excavated. Frontal
region with a deep median sulcus. Front with a large median trian-
gular tooth with concave sides; margins minutely serrated or dentic-
ulated. Chelipeds moderately broad and flat, nearly equal, sculp-
tured above with ridges, somewhat irregularly tuberculated ; beneath
obsoletely and distantly squamulated; carpus oblong, quadrate, with
two longitudinal granulated ridges on its surface, and with its an-
terior margin straight and smooth except at its inner extremity,
where there is a small denticulated lobe; posterior margin of the

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 189

carpus denticulated; hand broad and flat, not twisted, with a rather
prominent median ridge and an acute, smooth, ciliated outer margin ;
fingers short, not gaping; dactylus a little longer than the other
finger. Ambulatory feet somewhat hairy. Length of the carapax
in the male, 0.26; breadth, 0.235; length of hand, 0.36; breadth, 0.18
inch.

Found at Hongkong, China.

296. PORCELLANA SERRATIFRONS Stimpson
Prats XXIII, Fie. 2

Porcellana serratifrons StiMpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 242
[80], 1858.

Carapax scarcely convex, nearly smooth, glabrous, occasionally
pubescent in parts, anteriorly contracted, posteriorly broadly rounded,
and slightly striated towards the sides. Lateral margin acute, turn-
ing inwards a little on the surface of the carapax at the lateral notch.
There is a small, sharp spiniform tooth at the middle of the lateral
margin, and sometimes a minute one in front of it, a spine over the
insertion of the external antennz, and another minute one just be-
hind the external angle of the orbit, which is acute. Beneath this
angle there is another spine. Front tridentate; teeth prominent,
triangular ; middle tooth largest, but not much more prominent than
the others; margins minutely serrated. The bases of both pairs of
antennz are spinuligerous. Latero-inferior or epimeral regions of
the carapax strongly striated. Outer maxillipeds transversely stri-
ated; meros longer than the ischium. Chelipeds of the male glab-
rous, punctated; angle of the meros prominent, minutely bidentate ;
carpus three-toothed on each side, with the teeth small, the terminal
ones of the series acute; anterior margin of the carpus sometimes
five-toothed; hand with the median angular ridge generally little
prominent and obtuse; fingers twisted into nearly vertical plane, and
pilose within. Smaller hand less twisted than the larger one; its
outer margin spinulose; extremity of immovable finger deeply bifid.
Hand of the female pubescent externally and with its median ridge
tuberculated. Color in life grayish-brown; anterior part of carapax,
and sometimes the chelipeds, mottled with dark blood-red. Length
of the carapax in the male, 0.32; breadth, 0.32; length of greater
hand, 0.53; breadth, 0.19 inch.

Dredged in the circumlittoral zone in the harbor of Hongkong.

Igo SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

297. PORCELLANA DISPAR Stimpson
Pi ATE DOO ile) Eire93

Porcellana dispar Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 242 [80],
1858.

Carapax somewhat uneven, but glabrous; sides pubescent ; lateral
margin acute, forming a prominent angle and turning inward a little
just behind the lateral notch, and armed with some minute teeth
near the middle; a small tooth or spine above at the insertion of the
second joint of the antennze. Orbital margin less concave than in
most species. The front, as seen from above, is straight or slightly
convex, but in the front view is seen to be acutely sinuated or de-
flexed at the middle. Chelipeds very unequal, the greater one with
a smooth surface; carpus angular or ridged in the middle and with
its anterior margin undulated; hand broad, smooth, not twisted,
naked, fingers punctate; dactylus curved, one-toothed within. In
the small cheliped the median ridge of the carpus is prominent and
its anterior margin bidentate; the hand is very angular, with median
ridge acutely prominent, the outer margin pubescent and the fingers
twisted into a vertical plane, much curved, excavated and lanose
within. Color in life pale brick-red; fingers dark purplish. Length
of carapax in the male, 0.24; breadth, 0.22; length of greater hand,
0.38; breadth, 0.18; length of smaller hand, 0.29; breadth, 0.1 inch.

Found under stones in the fourth subregion of the littoral zone at
Garden Island, in Port Jackson, Australia.

298. PORCELLANA LATIFRONS Stimpson
PLATE XXIII, Fic. 4

Porcellana latifrons Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 243 [81],
1858.

Carapax subquadrate, longer than broad, slightly convex, smooth ;
lateral margins acute, but not projecting, and armed with three or
four minute spines near the middle, and a larger spine, very sharp
and directed forward, above the insertion of the external antenne.
Surface at the frontal region minutely rugate, ruge transverse.
Front very broad, projecting, laminiform, trilobate; median lobe
largest, quadridentate, and scarcely more projecting than the lateral
lobes, which are bidentate; thus the entire frontal margin is eight-
toothed; teeth acute. Eyes large, directed sideways. First joint of
external antenne much produced; flagellum nearly naked. External

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CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION IQI

maxillipeds rather long and slender. Chelipeds nearly smooth,
minutely reticulated above; carpus large, with the front and back
margins each armed with three small teeth; palm of the hand with a
row of little spines contiguous to the margin; fingers twisted into
an almost vertical plane, and tomentose within; fingers of the larger
hand each one-toothed within; those of the smaller hand excavated.
The color in life is very variable; it is generally dark greenish, often
brownish maculated with white. Length of carapax in the male,
0.25; breadth, 0.22 inch.

This species is very closely allied, if not identical, with the P.
armata of Dana, 1852 (not of Gibbes, 1850), but appears to differ
in its broader front, the middle portion of which is quadridentate
and its upper surface not so deeply concave.

Found among net-weed on a sandy bottom in three fathoms, in
the strait between the islands Katonaisima and Ousima; also on
madrepores taken at one fathom depth on the east side of Hong-
kong.

299. PORCELLANA STREPTOCHELES Stimpson
PeNnio) MOTI Jeines at

-Porcellana streptocheles Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 243
[81], 1858.

Carapax regularly though very slightly convex; surface glabrous,
obsoletely striated, nearly smooth, but scarcely even, the proto-
gastric globules being sufficiently prominent. Lateral margin con-
vex, acute, and irregularly denticulated in the middle, two of the
little teeth being larger than the rest. The front is neither broad
nor prominent, but deeply tridentate; teeth acute; middle tooth de-
flexed and slightly larger, but no more prominent than the lateral
ones, and‘bearing a slight tooth or angle on each side; lateral teeth
sharply triangular. Eyes small. Latero-inferior regions of the
carapax longitudinally striated. External maxillipeds slender;
ischium small. Chelipeds large, unequal; tooth or summit of meros
very prominent; carpus smooth, with the front and back margins
each obsoletely 2—3-toothed; smaller hand with a median longi-
tudinal ridge or angular prominence, outer margin obsoletely dentic-
ulated, pincers twisted into a vertical plane, broadly excavated and
pilose within; extremity of immovable finger emarginated. In the
larger hand the dactylus is oblique, shorter than the other finger and
bidentate within; immovable finger unidentate within; tips curved.
The meros-joints of the ambulatory feet are slender, and almost
smooth on the superior margin.

192 : SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

This species, when living, is of a deep blood-red color, which is
seen under the lens to consist of crowded dots or punctze, less numer-
ous on the dorsal surface, where it is consequently lighter. Length
of the carapax in the male, 0.23; breadth, 0.215; length of greater
hand, 0.39; breadth, 0.16 inch.

This species is common in from six to twelve fathoms on sandy
bottoms in Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope.

It differs from P. dehaani Krauss, also from the Cape, in its naked
carapax, broader front, with a less prominent median tooth, and
non-denticulated superantennary margin.

300. PORCELLANA PULCHRA Stimpson
Prats XOXTL, Fie. i

Porcellana pulchra Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 243
[81], 1858.

Carapax rather convex, with an even surface, apparently smooth,
but seen on close examination to be for the most part minutely and’
closely lineolated in a transverse direction. Lateral margin regularly
though slightly convex, expanded with a reflexed laminiform crest. |
Front very much projecting and laminiform, tridentate; median
tooth much the largest, triangular, and acutely pointed; lateral teeth
small, acute. External angle of the orbit acute, minutely serrated.
Flagellum of external antennz almost naked, joints oblong. Latero-
inferior regions somewhat concave. Chelipeds rather small and
slender; angle at summit of meros very prominent; upper surface
of carpus and hand with a median longitudinal ridge; a single tooth
on the front margin of the carpus; hand triangular, slender at the
base, its outer margin nearly straight, acute, ciliated, inner margin
forming a ridge continuous with that of the dactylus. Ambulatory
feet sparsely provided with plumose sete; meros minutely serru-
lated above; dactylus half the length of the penult joint. The
meros-joint of the posterior or abnormal feet is short. The colors
in life are as follows: Carapax bluish-brown, often with a white
median dorsal line; feet brownish clouded, darkest at the middle of
each joint; basal joints white. Length of carapax in the female,
0.24; breadth, 0.23. Only two specimens were found, both females.

Dredged from a muddy bottom in six fathoms, in Hongkong
Harbor.

Genus PORCELLANELLA White

_In the genus for which we have retained the above name, because
White’s typical species P. triloba belongs to it, the body is generally

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 193

naked, with a polished and elegantly colored surface. The carapax
is considerably longer than broad, with parallel sides. The gastric
lobules are not perceptible. The front is horizontal, continuous with
the upper surface of the carapax, laminiform, much projecting and
tridentate. The external antenne are similar to those of Porcellana
proper in the character of the basal joints. The scaphognath of the
external maxillipeds is dilated externally at the base, and attenuated
toward the extremity. The chelipeds are smooth, with unarmed
margins; carpus very short; hand sufficiently elongated. The am-
bulatory feet are small, with a thick meros-joint and a short, com-
pressed multiunguiculate dactylus.

These animals are parasitic in their habits, the armature of the
dactyli of the ambulatory feet enabling them to cling firmly to the
zoophyte upon which they live. This form of dactylus seems to be
indicative of a lower grade, being commonly seen in Galathea and
some Macroura, but never seen among the Brachyura.

The genus inhabits the warm eastern seas, in water of moderate
depth.

301. PORCELLANELLA PICTA Stimpson
PLATE XXII, Fire. 6

Porcellanella picta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 243 [81],
1858.

Carapax oblong, depressed, smooth and even, glabrous, faintly
striated anteriorly and at the sides. Lateral margin scarcely acute,
but distinct, with the epimeral suture running close beneath it. Front
laminiform, tridentate, teeth acute, median tooth much larger and
more projecting than the lateral ones. Surface of the frontal region
transversely striated. External antenne more than twice as long as
the carapax; coxal joint acutely prominent at its inner angle.
Epimera or latero-inferior regions of the carapax obliquely striated.
Chelipeds rather slender, sufficiently thick, somewhat rounded,
smooth, and glossy like the carapax; anterior angles of ischium and
meros produced, acute; carpus small, with smooth margins; hand
elongated, contracted at the base, and ornamented within by a line
of pubescence extending longitudinally from between the bases of
the fingers to the middle of the palm; fingers slender, tapering and
irregularly curved, as if distorted; dactylus of larger hand much
shorter than the immovable finger. Ambulatory feet small, smooth,
glossy, almost naked; inner edge of dactylus armed with four sharp
unguicles, the middle one largest. In the terminal joint of the abdo-

13

194 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

men the central triangular piece is small, while the lateral pieces are
very large. The color in life is white, with a few targe, blue, mar-
ginated spots or ocelli on the hands and the anterior portion of the
carapax. Length of the carapax in the male, 0.425; breadth, 0.343.
length of greater hand, 0.59; breadth, 0.2 inch.

This species is found in considerable numbers hiding between the
leaves of the common Pennatula on muddy bottoms in six fathoms,
in the bays opposite Hongkong, China.

Genus POLYONYX Stimpson

This genus is closely allied to Megalobrachium in form and gen-
eral appearance, but differs in the character of the terminal joints of
its feet and its habits. It also resembles Pisosoma, but may be
distinguished by the enlargement of the coxal joint of the antenne.

Carapax rounded-oval, as broad as or broader than long, convex,
and smooth. Sides strongly convex and obtuse. Front rather nar-
row, straight, and not prominent. Eyes minute. First joint of
antennulz not toothed, but flattened or truncate at the outer surface.
Coxal joint of antennz as in Porcellana, etc., but very much elon-
gated. Chelipeds smooth; meros-joint large. When the chelipeds
are folded or retracted the hands do not touch each other. The
dactyli of the ambulatory feet are very short and broad, rounded
and armed with two or more unguicles on the inner edge.

The typical species of this genus, P. macrocheles ( Gibbes) ,is known
to be parasitic, living in the tubes of large worms. The habits of
the other two species, P. biungulatus and sinensis, are not certainly
known, but are probably similar. They inhabit sandy or muddy
places, sometimes above low-water mark, but often in water of con-
siderable depth. Found in the warm parts of both oceans.

302. POLYONYX SINENSIS Stimpson
IPN) DSMIDXS Ee. 4S

Polyonyx sinensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 244 [82],
1858.

Carapax convex, of a subquadrate form, with the corners rounded ;
surface smooth, but faintly striated near the margins. Front rather
broad, scarcely perceptibly convex. Chelipeds very unequal, smooth,
and glossy; in the larger one the meros is more than one-half as
large as the carpus, and not dilated anteriorly; carpus almost as long
as the hand, with its anterior margin expanded into a laminiform

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 195

dilatation, broadest toward the hand; hand thick, short-ciliated ex-
teriorly, and with a few hairs about the middle within; fingers short,
slightly unidentate within, tips curved; dactylus shorter than the
immovable finger. Ambulatory feet slender, naked; one or two
small spinules on the inferior edge of the penult joint; dactyli with
one or two minute unguicles besides the principal one. In life this
species is of a clear, pale bluish-gray color, with large spots of a
neutral tint or sepia color. Length of the carapax in the male,
0.15; breadth, 0.2; length of the larger cheliped, 0.52 inch.

It was dredged from a bottom of shelly sand in twenty-six fath-
oms, in the China Sea, under the twenty-third parallel of north
latitude.

Genus REMIPES Latreille

303. REMIPES TESTUDINARIUS '° Latreille
[Pe Nis) NODS leh ve at

Remipes testudinarius LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. et Ins., v, 1, p. 45. MILNE
Epwarps, Illust. Cuv. R. A., Crust., pl. xi, fig. I.

Our specimens are broad and depressed, with a single row of
ciliated pits or impressed lineole along the postero-lateral margin.
Color above bluish-gray, minutely clouded; below white. We figure
one of our specimens, in order to indicate with more certainty the
species we have in hand, which we cannot certainly identify with
R. testudinarius, a species known to us only from the descriptions
and figures of European authors, who do not always agree in their
statements with regard to it. The figure in the “Regne Animal,”
referred to above, is a good representation of the largest of our speci-
mens. But Milne Edwards gives Australia as the habitat of the
species.

The expedition specimens were found on the sandy shore of a bay
on the eastern side of the island of Ousima.

Genus MASTIGOPUS Stimpson

This genus is remarkable for the form of its anterior feet (for
which the name chelipeds would here be inapplicable), which re-
semble more antennz than feet, as seen in other genera of Deca-
poda. It is allied to Remipes in form and general character, but the
body is more slender. The carapax is elongated and toothed at the

* Hippa adactyla Fabricius.

196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

antero-lateral margins. ‘The front is tridentate. The antenne are
short, as in Remipes. ‘The antennule are also short, with the in-
ferior flagellum very small, almost rudimentary. The external max-
illipeds are nearly as in Hippa, with exarthroid palpus; the apex of —
the meros-joint is, however, truncated. In the anterior feet the
basal or peduncular joints resemble those of Hippa and Remipes,
but the terminal joint is flagelliform—that is, long, slender, and
multiarticulate. ‘The ambulatory feet and the abdomen resemble
those of Remipes, but the external lamella, in the appendages to the
penult joint, is much shorter than the internal one.

304. MASTIGOPUS GRACILIS‘* Stimpson
PLATE XXI, Fic. 1

Mastigopus gracilis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 244
[82], 1858.

Carapax strongly convex in its transverse outline; surface even,
but scabrous with asperities, which consist of short transverse im-
pressed lines, minutely setose, and most strongly marked anteriorly.
Front with three sharp teeth, median one triangular and nearly as
prominent as the lateral ones, which are long, slender, and acute.
Antero-lateral margin armed with six subspiniform teeth, the an-
terior one longest, the rest progressively diminishing. Eyes very
long and slender, more than half as long as the antennulz, which
are one-third as long as the carapax. External maxillipeds oblong,
nearly rectangular, half as broad as long; their surface flat and
nearly smooth, glabrous, with a few scattered puncte. The basal or
peduncular joints of the anterior feet are short, smooth, and nearly
naked ; penult and antepenult cylindrical; terminal segment or flagel-
lum longer than the carapax, and consisting of twelve elongated
joints, with a ring of long sete at each articulation. Ambulatory
feet moderately hairy. "Terminal joint of the abdomen lanceolate,
thick, with two longitudinal ridges or angles at the base and a deep
median sulcus toward the extremity, which is acuminated. The
colors in life are as follows: Carapax dark olive, becoming paler at
the middle, and brownish at the margins. Front often reddish. A
white band crosses the carapax at its posterior extremity. Abdomen
bluish, with transverse lead-colored bands at the middle segments.
Members all white, with the exception of the external antenne,
which are pale blue. Body beneath, white. Length of the carapax

* Mastigochirus gracilis Stimpson.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 197

in the male, 0.52; breadth, 0.36; length of the anterior feet, 1.05
inches.

This curious animal was found somewhat abundantly in the sandy
bottom of the China Sea, at the depth of twenty fathoms, under the
twenty-third parallel of north latitude.*

LITHODIDEA
Genus ECHINOCERUS White

306. ECHINOCERUS CIBARIUS* White

Echinocerus cibarius Wutte, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 47, Annulosa, pls. 1,
mi. Stimpson, Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of N. America, p. 36,
Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi.

Lopholithodes mandtii Branvt, Bulletin physico-mathém. de l’Acad. de St.
Pétersb., vi1, 174.

Specimens of this species were presented to Lieutenant Gibson at
Sitka for the expedition.

307. ECHINOCERUS SETIMANUS7? (Gibbons) Stimpson

Ctenorhinus setimanus Gippons, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 48.
Echidnocerus setimanus Stimpson, Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of N.
Am., p. 37, Bost.. Jour. Nat. Hist., v1.

This species, if distinct, differs from the preceding only in the
obtuseness of its dorsal and lateral tubercles.

Two specimens were purchased in the market of San Francisco,
Cal. They are obtained rarely in deep water near the Farallone
Islands, and so strange are they in appearance that the fishermen
always obtain a good price for them as “curiosities.”

Genus HAPALOGASTER Brandt

This genus was first instituted by Brandt in the Bulletin of the
St. Petersburg Academy for a Sitka species, H. mertensti. He does
not allude to the Lomis dentata of De Haan, which is evidently con-
generic. It is distinguished from Lomis and Dermaturus by the

*305. HippA ANALOGA Stimpson
PLATE XXI, Fic. 2
Not mentioned in the manuscript of this report.

* Lopholithodes mandtii Brandt.

198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

dilatation of the last two joints of the external maxillipeds. The
abdomen, as described for H. mertensti, is in some points different
from that of H. dentatus and H. cavicauda, in which two species it is
more nearly as described for Dermaturus. Although the greater |
part of the abdomen in the male is soft and coriaceous, yet the seg-
ments can be traced, and each segment is indicated by a small, round,
indurated piece on each side. The female abdomen is unsymmetri-
cal, as in Lithodes, with its segments on the left side a little indu-
rated, corneous, and smooth.
This genus is peculiar to the Northern Pacific Ocean.

308. HAPALOGASTER DENTATA‘ (De Haan) Stimpson

Lomits dentata Dk Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 219, pl. xLvitt, fig. 2.
Hapalogaster dentata Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 245
[83], 1858.

The flat lanceolate acicle or movable scale of the external antennz
is regarded as a spine in De Haan’s description. The median frontal
tooth is subspiniform in the adult, but broader and blunter in the
young. The color in life is dark reddish brown.

It is extremely abundant on the shores of Hakodadi Bay, Island
of Jesso, inhabiting weedy and stony shores just above low-water
mark. It also occurs at Simoda.

PAGURIDEA
Genus CENOBITA Latreille

309. CENOBITA PURPUREA Stimpson

Cenobita purpurea Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 245 [83],
1858.

Carapax convex, strongly swollen or tumid just behind the front,
which is contracted. The surface of the anterior or gastric region
is sparsely granulated anteriorly; posteriorly the granules become
more numerous, sharp, and setigerous. Branchial regions not much
projecting, their lateral margins nearly straight. Eyes much pro-
jecting, minutely granulated above, and with the apex sharply pro-
jecting, forming a right angle. Ophthalmic scales sharp, not
denticulated. Feet moderately hairy on the edges, and thickly hairy
below toward their extremities. The upper surfaces of the feet are

*Lomis dentata De Haan.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 199

mostly smooth and glabrous, except toward their edges and extrem-
ities, where they are sharp-granulated or short-spinulose. The
larger hand is thus granulated, the granules being very small, with
sharp black apices; they are numerous above and on the fingers, but
sparsely distributed on the outer surface. The dactyli of the ambu-
latory feet are spinulose and hairy; those of the right side are some-
what flattened, but not angular. In the third foot of the left side
the carpal joint is produced at the inferior angle; and the last two
joints are depressed externally, but not flat, and have a smooth
punctate surface; the dactylus is convex and spinulose within. The
processes from the coxe of the fifth pair of feet in the male are very
much produced, that on the right one being longest and equaling in
length the fourth pair of feet.

This species is of a deep purple color, inclining to blue, rarely dark
olive. The posterior part of the carapax is lighter, with four longi-
tudinal mahogany-colored stripes, the two inner ones forming a lyre-
shaped mark. Teeth of the inner surfaces of the fingers white.
Length of the animal, 4 inches; length of the carapax, 1.5; of the
gastric or anterior region, 0.96; breadth of the front, 0.31; greatest
breadth, across branchial regions, 0.87 inch.

It differs from C. perlata, as figured by Milne Edwards in the
illustrations to the ““Regne Animal,” and as described by De Haan,
in the smooth external surface of the last two joints of the third foot
on the left side, and in its more hairy feet. The apex of the left-
hand male organ, or coxal process of the last pair of feet, is scarcely
truncated, as described by De Haan for C. perlata, but is deeply ex-
cised on the outer side of the apex, as if a square piece had been
cut out.

Found in considerable numbers at the Bonin Islands, on the sides
of the hills surrounding Port Lloyd. It was also taken at the Ama-
kirrima Islands by Mr. Squires.

310. CENOBITA RUGOSA Milne Edwards

Cenobita rugosa MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., u, 241. DE HAAN,
Fauna Jap., Crust. p. 212. Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 471,
Di exe le Le
Cenobita clypeata OWEN, Zool of Beechey’s Voy., p. 85, pl. Xxv, fig. 1.
Of an olive color in life. Anterior part of carapax with four
brownish spots. A longitudinal median line of brown on the second
joint in each foot. The front of the larger hand and the outer sur-
face of the third foot of the left side are pale red.
Taken by us at the Bonin Islands and at Tahiti.

200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

311. CENOBITA CAVIPES Stimpson

Cenobita cavipes Strmpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 245 [83],
1858. :

Anterior region of the carapax scarcely longer than the posterior.
Branchial regions slightly concave in the lateral margins, but
strongly projecting at the posterior angles. Surface of the anterior
region almost flattened, smooth and punctate in the middle, but
scabrous toward the sides and hairy near the margins. Frontal lat-
eral teeth sharp, apiculated, and placed a little within the lateral ex-
tremities of the front. Eyes long, compressed, and scabriculous
above; apices bluntly rounded; cornea projecting a little beyond the
extremity of the superior process of the peduncle. Ophthalmic
scales with acute apices and entire margins. Feet nearly naked,
above nearly smooth, but spinulose toward their extremities. Greater
hand granulated above and for a short distance on the outer surface,
but perfectly polished on the mahogany-colored area below. The
granules are white, oblong, flattened, and placed three or four diam-
eters distant from each other; those of the superior margin of the
hand are apiculated in black at the distal extremity. Dactylus of the
third foot of the right side nearly cylindrical, not at all angular.
Third foot of the left side angular; penult joint with its upper sur-
face flat and horizontally dilated outward toward the juncture of the
dactylus, forming a prominent ridge, its outer surface anteriorly
smooth and a little concave, posteriorly convex and minutely granu-
lated ; its lower margin anteriorly convex, posteriorly concave; dac-
tylus quadrangular, on the outer surface smooth, and deeply concave
toward the base, above flattened, and within flattened or concave
between the ridges, which are spinulose. Posterior coxe of the
male not produced. Length about three inches. Length of the
carapax, 0.95; length of gastric region, 0.5; breadth of front,
measured between tips of lateral spines, 0.22; greatest breadth,
across branchial regions, 0.66 inch.

This is perhaps the same as C. compressa De Haan (1. c., p. 213),
but the upper and outer surface of the hand is hardly “‘tenuissime
granulato.” The lateral margins of the branchial regions are not
convex, as described for C. compressa of Milne Edwards. From
C. rugosa it differs in the coxe of the posterior feet of the male,
which are not produced.

Found at Loo Choo, in groves near the seashore, in company with
C. rugosa.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 201

Genus DIOGENES Dana

We submit the following amended character of this genus:

Ophthalmic ring exposed between the bases of the eye-peduncles,
and armed with a bracteole which is often produced and rostriform.
Aciculum or basal scale of the external antennz broad at the base
and sometimes bifid; flagellum ciliated. Chelipeds unequal, the left
larger, with the commissure between carpus and hand vertical and
marginal; hand short and broad, oblique; the fingers oblique, with
calcareous, acuminate tips. Dactyli of the second and third pairs of
of feet long.

The species are inhabitants of the warmer seas, and are most
numerous among the Asiatic islands. The following is a list of the
species already known:

D. miles Dana D. spinifrons (De Haan )Stm.
custos Dana edwardsti (De Haan) Stm.
diaphanus (Fabr.) Stm. arenarius (Lucas) Stm.

312. DIOGENES CUSTOS (Fabricius) Dana

Pagurus custos Fasrictus, MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 236.
Diogenes custos DANA.

Taken at Port Jackson, Australia.

313. DIOGENES BREVIROSTRIS Stimpson

PLATE XIX, Fic. 2

Diogenes brevirostris Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 245
[83], 1858.

Carapax much smoother than in D. custos, but somewhat rough-
ened at the sides. Lateral margin of the anterior region armed with
five or six spinules. Ophthalmic rostrum smooth, and much shorter
than the ophthalmic scales. The eyes, ophthalmic scales, and acicles
are nearly like those of D. edwardsii. The teeth or points of the
frontal margins are all obtuse; the lateral ones most prominent.
Great cheliped naked, roughened above with minute subspiniform
granules; below glabrous, but obsoletely granulated; superior mar-
gin of carpus and hand serrated with small teeth, ten in number, on
the carpus; hand with an oblique, infero-posterior crest on the outer
surface, armed with seven or eight small spines; inferior margin of
hand sharp-granulated; dactylus longitudinally costate above, cost
granulated. Right or smaller cheliped hairy; carpus grooved above,

202 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

and with its superior margin armed with sharp spines. Ambulatory
feet slender, overreaching the chelipeds; antepenult joint with den-
ticulated margin; penult nearly smooth above; dactylus hairy, com-
pressed, and, as usual, sulcated. Length, 1.25; length of carapax,
0.29; breadth of front, 0.135; length of great cheliped, 0.45 inch.

From D. custos, which it resembles in the character of the greater
cheliped, this species differs in its shorter rostrum and the smooth
superior surface of the penult joint of the ambulatory feet.

Dredged in twelve fathoms on a sandy bottom in Simons Bay,
Cape of Good Hope.

314. DIOGENES EDWARDSII (De Haan) Stimpson
PATE OCI EH 16.0

Pagurus edwardsti DE Haan, Fauna Jap., Crust., 211, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Diogenes edwardsti St1mpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Phila., x, p. 246
[84], 1858.

The ophthalmic rostrum is minute and very narrow, scarcely per-
ceptible to the naked eye. ‘The acicle is short, triangular, and spin-
ulose. Genital apertures of the male on the inner surface of the
coxe. In living specimens the carapax was of a pale red color; feet
annulated with pale reddish brown; larger hand white; abdomen
yellow, with pale-red sides. Our largest specimen is one and one-
half inches in length.

In De Haan’s figure the dactyli of the ambulatory feet are repre-
sented too short and very much too broad; they are in reality very
long and slender, one-half longer than the penult joint.

In this species we have another instance of the economic relation
which we so often see existing between a crustacean and a polyp.
Upon the outer surface of the greater hand, in all the specimens
we have seen, there is seated a small species of actinian. That
this is not accidental, we infer, not only from the occurrence of
the polyp upon all our specimens of the crab, and its non-occur-
rence elsewhere, but from the fact that there is a special adapta-
tion of the outer surface of the hand-to receive such a parasite; it
has a smooth, oval area occupying two-thirds of the surface, and
_partly surrounded by an elevated ridge. The polyp undoubtedly
derives much advantage from this position, so near the food-seizing
members of the crab—certainly enough to compensate for any hard
knocks its tough body may receive; but what advantage may inure
to the crab is here less perceptible than in the case of Cancrisocia
and Dorippe. The surface of the claw to which the polyp is at-

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 203

tached appears to be as hard as the rest, and in no need of ex-
traneous protection.

This species is not uncommon in the China Sea, beneath the
twenty-third parallel! of north latitude, where we obtained several
from a sandy bottom in twenty to thirty fathoms. -It also occurred
at Hongkong.

315. DIOGENES PENICILLATUS Stimpson

Diogenes penicillatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 246
[84], 1858.

Anterior part of the carapax smooth in the middle, but toward
the sides roughened with irregular scale-like projections, the edges
of which are serrated and minutely setose. Lateral teeth or points
of the front acuminate, and more prominent than the middle one,
which is obtusely rounded. ‘The movable or ophthalmic rostrum is
small, spiniform, and very acute, reaching scarcely to the extremity
of the ophthalmic scales. Eyes in length equaling about two-thirds
the width of the front, reaching a little beyond the extremity of the
penult joint of the peduncle of the antenne, and much beyond the
acicle; cornea not dilated. Ophthalmic scales broad, with the ex-
ternal margin arcuated, and the apex 2—3-spinulose. Acicle elongate-
triangular, armed on the inner side with six or seven aculeiform
spines. Flagellum of the antenne ciliated below. Left cheliped
stout and broad, shaped much as in D. edwardsti, and shorter than
the ambulatory feet; all three edges of the meros-joint crenulated ;
carpus and hand sharp-granulated on the outer surface, and covered
with flattened granules on the inner surface; carpus armed with a
spine at the superior and one at the inferior apex, and with its upper
margin 10-12-denticulated ; hand oblique, with two parallel rows of
small teeth or spines above, one at the margin, the other just below
it on the outer surface. The outer or perpendicular surface of the
hand is thickly penicillate with fine silky hair, equaling in length
about the thickness of the hand, the penicillated area being defined
posteriorly by a transverse spinous crest, which separates it from a
smooth, naked groove at the juncture of the carpus. The dactylus
of this cheliped is like the hand, armed with short spines on its
superior edge. The length of the animal is about 1 inch; length of
carapax, 0.26; breadth of front, 0.13; length of great cheliped, 0.34
inch.

It was dredged from a sandy bottom in thirty fathoms off the
east coast of Niphon, in latitude 38° N.

204 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus PAGURUS Fabricius

To this genus we assign the following characters: Front without
any tooth or point at the middle. Ophthalmic ring exposed be-
tween the bases of the eyes, and bearing a bracteole. Eyes more or
less thick; ophthalmic scales with broad apices. Aciculum of the
antenne short and stout; flagellum long, naked. Chelipeds unequal,
the left largest; hinges of the hand marginal; fingers moving in a
vertical plane, and with corneous, somewhat excavated apices.

This genus belongs to the tropical and subtropical seas of both
oceans. The following is a list of the species already known:

Pagurus punctulatus Oliv. Pagurus pedunculatus Herbst.
spinimanus M. Edw. carinatus Randall.
affinis M. Edw. asper De Haan
guttatus Oliv. cavipes White.
setifer M. Edw. venosus M. Edw.
euopsis Dana. sinistripes Stm.
fabimanus Dana. callidus Roux.
scabrimanus Dana. striatus Latr.
ditformis M. Edw. imbricatus M. Edw.
asperus Berthold. strigimanus White.
gemmatus M. Edw. ornatus Roux.
impressus De Haan. scutellatus M. Edw.

316. PAGURUS ASPER' De Haan

Pagurus asper DE Haan (non Minne Epwarps), Fauna Jap., Crust., 208,
DU Saupe, ses A (Se), IDAMAS IU, Sy iBsgoll, lxenecl, (Cirtisie, i, 450,

This species, when alive, was of a slag-red or light brick-red color ;
eye-peduncles with a white ring around the base of the cornea,
which shows a reflected blue crescent at the summit in some lights.

De Haan’s P. asper was published about two years after that of
Milne Edwards, but we forbear to change the name, as the latter 1s
a Clibanarius.

Our specimens were found on stony ground just above low-water
mark, at the island of Ousima.

317. PAGURUS DIFFORMIS: Milne Edwards

Pagurus deformis MiLNg Epwarps, An. Sci. Nat. 2d Ser., vi, 272, pl. x11,
fig. 4; Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 222.
Pagurus ditfornis DANA, loc. cit., I, 449.

Found at Ousima.

* Dardanus haaniit Rathbun.
* Dardanus pedunculatus (Herbst).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 205

318. PAGURUS SCULPTIPES‘ Stimpson

Pagurus sculptipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 246 [84],
1858.

Carapax anteriorly naked and glabrous, marked nearly as in P.
punctulatus. ‘The lateral triangular points of the front (those be-
tween the bases of the eyes and antennz) are rather strongly prom-
inent. Eye-peduncles equaling the anterior margin of the carapax
in length, but a httle shorter than the third joint of the antennule.
Ophthalmic scales large, with four minute equal spiniform teeth near
the apex. Peduncle of the antennz shorter than the eyes; acicle
small and slender. Feet spinulose or granulose above, and mod-
erately invested with long hair. Left cheliped rather short, a little
overreaching the penult joint of the first ambulatory feet, its mar-
gins regularly crenulated; lower surface smooth. In the left-hand
foot of the third pair the last two joints are broad and deeply ex-
cavated on the outer side, with crenulated and thickly ciliated mar-
gins, and a median longitudinal ridge, the surface near the superior
margin and between the median ridge and the lower margin being
elegantly sculptured with transverse striz or impressed lines corre-
sponding to the crenulations of the edges. General length in a male
specimen, 1.5; length of carapax, 0.34; breadth of front, 0.165 inch.

It has the general appearance of P. punctulatus and the concave
left foot of P. setifer. The concavity of the foot, however, is in the
latter species smooth.

It was found in Kagosima Bay, Japan.

319. PAGURUS PUNCTULATUS * Olivier

Pagurus punctulatus Outvier, Encye. Méth., vit, 641. Mine Epwarps,
Hist. Nat. des Crust., m, 222. Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., 1, 451,
pl. xxvii, fig. 4.

Color in life deep red (carapax orange), everywhere sparsely cov-
ered with blue dots or small round spots.

Found on the reefs at low-water mark at Loo Choo; also taken in
Gaspar Straits by Mr. L. M. Squires.

*Dardanus sculptipes (Stimpson).
* Dardanus megistos (Herbst).

ce

A EE

200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

320. PAGURUS STRIATUS’ Latreille

Pagurus striatus LATREILLE, Hist. des Crust., v1, 163. Mine Epwarps,
Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 218.

If this be the Cancer arrosor of Herbst, which is quoted for it by |
all European authors, we are at a loss to know why that name is not
adopted.

Found in a Cassis sulcosa taken off the south side of Madeira,
near Funchal, in thirty fathoms.

321. PAGURUS PLATYTHORAX *” Stimpson

Pagurus platythorax Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 246
[84], 1858.

Body much depressed. Carapax above naked, smooth, and glossy.
Eyes large, reaching beyond the tips of the peduncles of the antenne
and antennule. Ophthalmic scales with a tooth on the inner margin
near the base; apex bidentate. Acicle very small. External maxil-
lipeds slender, somewhat flattened, a little separated at their bases,
which are exposed, their attachment to the triangular offset forming
the apex of the sternum being distinctly visible, not contracted in-
ward and concealed as in other species; exognath slender. Feet
coarsely hairy. Chelipeds small, equal; carpus and hand not spin-
ulose, but roughened above and externally at the bases of the hairs.
Ambulatory feet depressed, not spinous. Genital aperture of the
male on the inner slope of the coxa, and not fringed. Sternum
broad, flat, triangular, and broadly exposed between the chelipeds ;
no suture between the segments corresponding to the chelipeds and
the first ambulatory feet. Terminal lobes of the caudal segment
equal. General length, 1.4; length of carapax, 0.32; breadth of
front, 0.28; length of chelipeds, 0.45; length of eye, 0.17 inch.

‘This species is always found in a cone or strombus, its depressed
form being a special adaptation for the occupation of the narrow
cavities of such shells. ‘The remarkable characters of the sternum,
etc., result directly from the form -of the body, and the general
widening of its parts, and cannot be considered as of generic value,
particularly as all that set of characters upon which the genera are
based in the family are those of the true Pagurus.

Pagurus platythorax is allied to P. fabimanus and P. scabrimanus,

* Dardanus arrosor (Herbst).
*Dardanus platythorax (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 207

described by Dana, from the eastern seas. From both these it may
be distinguished by its equal hands and broad, flat sternum.
It was found at Loo Choo.

Genus ANICULUS Dana

Front acute at the middle. Ophthalmic ring barely exposed,
but protected by a bracteole. Antennz slender; aciculum short,
robust; flagellum naked. Chelipeds very short, equal; commissure
of the hand vertical, but with the hinges marginal; fingers moving
in a vertical plane, with excavated corneous tips.

This genus is found only in the Pacific and neighboring seas, and
is restricted to the torrid and warm-temperate zones. The species
are A. typicus Dana (Pagurus aniculus Fabr.), A. ursus (Pagurus
ursus Oliv.), and A. elegans Stm.

322. ANICULUS TYPICUS' Dana.

Pagurus aniculus Fasricius, Suppl, 411. Mrnng Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des
Crust., m, 230. Dr Haan, Fauna Jap., Cr., 200.
Aniculus typicus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 461, pl. xx1x, fig. I.

In our specimen the rostrum is much less acute than in those de-
scribed by Dana. It was taken at Simoda, Japan.

Genus CALCINUS Dana

Front acute at the middle. Ophthalmic ring concealed. Acicu-
lum of the antennz short; flagellum naked. Chelipeds unequal, the
left larger; commissure of the hand vertical, but with its hinges
almost marginal; fingers moving in a vertical plane, and with ex-
cavated calcareous apices. Dactyli of the second and third pairs of
feet short.

Its geographical range is in the tropical parts of both oceans.
The following is a list of the species:

Calcinus tibicen (Herbst) Dana. Calcinus gaimardii (M. Edw.) Dana.
chilensis (M. Edw.). elegans (M. Edw.) Dana.
obscurus Stm. latens (Randall) Dana.
lividus (M. Edw.). cristimanus (M. Edw.).

sulcatus (M. Edw.).

Aniculus aniculus (Fabricius).

ii ie i i

te IA i Ig el ct

208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

323. CALCINUS TIBICEN®* (Herbst) Dana

Cancer tibicen Hrrgst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, 1, 25, pl. xxi,
nies, 7s é

Pagurus tibicen LATREILLE, MinNnE Epwarps, Réegne Anim., Crust., pl-
XLIV, fig. 3.

Calcinus tibicen Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 457.

The colors in life are as follows: Antenne bright red. Anten-
nulz, eyes, and ophthalmic scales blue. Carapax bluish-gray. Feet
purplish-brown. Hands tipped with white, the larger one more than
half white. Ambulatory feet annulated with white near their ex-
tremities; two joints near the base with a longitudinal red stripe-
In a variety from Ousima the large hand was wholly white.

It is a common littoral species everywhere in the middle and west-
enn) Pace. Hound) by us at the Bonins, at loo! Choo, sandeats
Ousima.

324. CALCINUS LATENS (Randall) Dana

Pagurus latens RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., viz, 135.
Calcinus latens Dana, U. S: Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 450, pl. xxvitl, fig. II.

Found at Loo Choo.

325. CALCINUS ELEGANS (Milne Edwards) Dana

Pagurus elegans M1LNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 220.

Pagurus pictus OwEN, Beechey’s Voy. Zool., p. 83, pl. xxv, fig. 2.

Pagurus decorus RANDALL, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vim, 135.

Calcinus elegans Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 458, pl. xxviIl,
fig. 10.

Characterized by its fine coloration, the tuberculated fingers, and
the thick brushes on the under sides of the third pair of feet near
their extremities, which are very conspicuous in fresh specimens.

Genus CLIBANARIUS Dana

Front acute at the middle. Ophthalmic ring concealed. Eyes.
long. Aciculum stout. Chelipeds similar in form and subequal;
commissure of the hand vertical, with the hinges median, not mar-
ginal; fingers moving in a horizontal plane, with excavated corneous
apices.

*Calcinus levimanus (Randall).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 209

Its geographical range is in the warm temperate and tropical
parts of both oceans. The species are as follows:

Clibanarius vulgaris Dana Clibanarius teniatus (M. Edw.).
oculatus (M. Edw.). cruentatus (M. Edw.).
crassimanus (M; Edw.). aculeatus (M. Edw.).
tuberculosus (M. Edw.). elongatus (M. Edw.).
tricolor (Gibbes). asper (M. Edw.).
lineatus (M. Edw.) Dana. equabilis Dana.
striolatus Dana. zebra Dana.
nigritarsis (Lucas). virescens (Krauss) Dana.
wittatus (Bosc). brasiliensis Dana.
panamensis Stm. antillensis Stm.
sclopetarius (Herbst). corallinus (M. Edw.).
longitarsis (De Haan) Dana. globostmanus Dana.
inequalis (De Haan). humilis Dana.
symmetricus (Randall) Dana. pacificus Stm.

326. CLIBANARIUS LONGITARSIS (De Haan) Dana

Pagurus longitarsis DE- HAAN, Fauna Jap., Crust., 211, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Clibanarius longitarsis DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 464.

This species occurred at Loo Choo.

327. CLIBANARIUS VULGARIS* Dana

Cancer clibanarius Hersst, Naturg. der Krabben u. Krebse, 1, 20, pl.
SNe, Vols ae

Pagurus clibanarius LATREILLE, Hist. des Crust. et des Ins., v1, 167.

Clibanarius vulgaris DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 462.

The largest of our specimens is three inches in iength. The dac-
tyli of the ambulatory feet are considerably longer than the preced-
ing joint, as is represented in Herbst’s figure. Milne Edwards,
however, in describing this species (Hist. Nat. des Crust., 11, 227),
says “Tarse court.” There is also in our specimens no distinct fur-
row separating the rostriform tooth from the front, as mentioned by
that author. So that it is probable that he had before him a dis-
tinct species, and we have therefore not quoted his description.

There is a longitudinal furrow on the outer surface of the dac-
tylus of the third pair of feet. The color of the living animal is a
dark purple-brown; back of the carapax dirty whitish. Abdomen
dark, with a light-red median line. Peduncles of the eye with two
longitudinal white vitte. Hands with minute white spots on a dark
ground. Feet with three white or light-red vittz, the two outer
vittee diverging from the base of the superior one.

1 Chibanarius clibanarius (Herbst).
14

210 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Our specimens were found in dead shells of a thick, short strom-
bus. When alive they had a peculiar strong odor, exactly like that
of ripe cocoanut milk.

They were found in Hongkong Harbor, on a muddy bottom, in
four fathoms; also in Gaspar Straits.

328. CLIBANARIUS STRIOLATUS Dana

Clibanarius striolatus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 463, pl. xx1x,
ines,

The following is a description of some specimens, which we find
by comparison to be the same as Dana’s: Carapax rather narrow,
and convex anteriorly. Front with a post-marginal furrow. Ocu-
lar peduncles very long, as long as or longer than the anterior region
of the carapax, and overreaching the third joint of antennule. Oph-
thalmic scales triangular, deeply notched exteriorly near the apex,
and provided with several long, stout hairs. Hands equal, some-
what spinous, and very hairy above; five strong spines on the
superior margin of the palm. Ambulatory feet longitudinally vit-
tate, with six red stripes (counted on the penult joint), narrower
than their interspaces. Dactyli very slender, in length just equaling
the penult joint. Length one and a half inches. Length of the
carapax along the median line, 0.525; breadth of anterior extremity,
0.225 inch.

Found at Loo Choo.

329. CLIBANARIUS GLOBOSOMANUS‘* Dana

Clibanarius globoso-manus DANA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 271.
Clibanarius corallinus? Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 468, pl. Xxrx,
fig. 8.

We prefer to retain Professor Dana’s name for this species until
opportunities occur for a more certain identification of it with M.
Edwards’s corallinus.

It is abundant on the reefs at Loo Choo.

330. CLIBANARIUS AZQUABILIS Dana

) Chbanarius equabilis Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 464, pl. xx1x,
fig. 4.

In small shells dredged in from twelve to twenty fathoms, sandy
bottom, in Funchal Bay, Madeira.

*Chbanarius corallinus (Milne Edwards).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 211

331. CLIBANARIUS PACIFICUS Stimpson

Chibanarius pacificus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 247
[85], 1858.

This species approaches so closely to C. equabilis that a long ex-
amination was necessary before any specific difference was apparent.
The feet are, however, more hairy than in that species, the dactyli
of the ambulatory feet are somewhat longer, and the lower surfaces
of the hands generally smoother. When the hands differ in size, as
they sometimes do slightly, the right is generally the larger. Our
species is of a very dark bluish-olive color; ambulatory feet bright
yellow ; fingers of the hand red. It is littoral, and thus differs much
both in color and station from C. equabilis. Our largest specimen
is a male, one and a quarter inches in length. The length of the
carapax in the median line is 0.39; breadth of front, 0.16 inch.

It differs from Pagurus inequalis De Haan in its equal and more
spinous hands.

Found among rocks in the lowest subregion of the littoral zone at
Tanega-sima and Ousima.

Genus PAGURISTES Dana

It is remarkable that a form so distinct as Paguristes should
have been so long suffered to remain in the old genus Pagurus,
while the peculiarities of its external generative apparatus, in both
male and female, were well known. We have here the only hermit
crab in which the first two pairs of abdominal members are devel-
oped into organs subservient to generation. In the male these are
adapted to the purposes of generation, as in the Brachyura, though
their form is more like those of Astacus, and they have a similar
position on the lower surface of the abdomen near its base. In the
female the anterior pair of appendages is small and situated at the
base of the abdomen, and there is a broad, oblique expansion or sac
on the left side of its soft body formed by a folding of the integu-
ment at the posterior margin of the fourth segment, enclosing a
pouch which serves to contain the eggs.

The other essential characters of the genus may be stated as fol-
lows: Eves long. Antenne short; acicle robust. Chelipeds similar
in shape and generally subequal; commissure of the hand vertical ;
fingers moving in a horizontal plane. Feet of the fourth pair not
subcheliform.

It has a wide geographical distribution, species being found in all

212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

seas except those of the frigid and subfrigid zones. ‘The species
already known are as follows:

Paguristes hirtus Dana. Paguristes gonagrus (M. Edw.).
tomentosus (M. Edw.). pilosus (M. Edw.).
turgidus Stm. frontalis (M. Edw.).
weddelli (M. Edw.). longirostris Dana.
maculatus (Risso. ). brevicornis (Guérin).
gamianus (M. Edw.). depressus Stm.

setosus (M. Edw.).

332. PAGURISTES DIGITALIS Stimpson
PLATE XXV, Fic. 1

Paguristes digitalis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 247 [85],
1858.

The carapax is nearly naked about the middle. It is narrowed
before and somewhat dilated behind. ‘The cardiac scutella or in-
durated median plate of the posterior part is somewhat halberd-
shaped, being narrowed at the middle and a little widened toward
its pointed extremity. The sides of the anterior portion of the cara-
pax are more deeply sinuated than in most species. The rostriform
point of the front is elongated, and very sharp, reaching a little be-
yond the bases of the ophthalmic scales, and carinated along the
middle. Eyes very long and slender, slightly longer than the front,
and not quite reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the anten-
nule ; peduncle naked, excepting a slight tuft of sete at the superior
base. Apex of the ophthalmic scale short, acute, with one denticle
on the outer margin. The outer maxillipeds are long, reaching be-
yond the eyes. Chelipeds equal, resembling much those of P. hirtus,
turgidus, etc., in character, the carpus and hand being spinous and
hairy above, the spines rather numerous, with black corneous tips;
hand rather broad and flattened above, with immovable finger de-
pressed ; inner edges of the fingers corneous for the terminal half of
their length; dactylus angular, with the outer surface flat, elegantly
and minutely sculptured with oblique pectiniform crests about seven
in number. Posterior feet hairy; those of the second pair spinous
above, with the dactylus more than one-half longer than the preced-
_ing joint. The dorsal integument of the male abdomen is consider-
ably indurated, forming a thin, flexible plate to each segment; pos-
terior angle of that covering the second segment much projecting
and overlapping the third. Lobes of the terminal segment almost
symmetrical in both male and female. The callous areolz forming
the “chafing gear” on the inferior surfaces of the thorax and feet are

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 213

less well marked than in P. turgidus. The color of the animal, in
alcoholic specimens, is light brick-red; in parts whitish; eye pedun-
cles with a red vitta. Length, three inches; length of carapax in the
male, 0.81; breadth of the front, 0.4; length of cheliped, 1.17 inches.
Found at Hakodadi, on the island of Jesso. It much resembles
P. turgidus from the opposite coast of the Pacific, from which it
may be distinguished by the sculptured surface of the movable finger
of the hand.

333. PAGURISTES SEMINUDUS Stimpson

Paguristes seminudus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 247
[85], 1858. :

The carapax, front, eye-peduncles, and antenne in this species
are naked, or nearly so. Anterior region of the carapax rather
large, much longer than the posterior, with a punctate surface, and
armed with a few minute spines at the sides. Median plate or car-
diac scutella of the posterior region rather short, somewhat con-
tracted near the base, and blunt at the posterior extremity. Ros-
trum long and slender, tapering, with its very sharp extremity curv-
ing downward and reaching beyond the middle of the ophthalmic
scales. Frontal sinuses very deep for the reception of the bases of
the eye peduncles. Eyes very stout for the genus, but long, con-
siderably longer than the front is wide, and much overreaching the
peduncle of the antennule. Apex of the ophthalmic scale slender,
very sharp, curving outward; margins entire, smooth, and naked.
Antennz shorter than the carapax; flagellum sparsely provided with
fine, short hairs; acicle large and nearly naked, reaching to middle
of eye-peduncles. Outer maxillipeds not reaching to the extremities
of the eyes. Chelipeds similar in form, but unequal (the left
larger) ; carpus and hand densely hairy and spinulose, spines small,
calcareous, those of the superior edge largest; fingers naked above,
but hairy exteriorly, and armed within with sharp cutting edges for
their whole length; apices acute, black; inferior side of hand tumid,
minutely and sparsely subspinulose. Ambulatory feet rather slen-
der; penult and antepenult joints spinous above; dactyli above and
on the lower inner edge hairy. Fourth pair of feet rather long, with
the scabrous surface on the penult joint very small. No chafing
disks or areolz on the lower surface of the body or feet. Terminal
segment of abdomen much elongated; left lobe most produced.
Color olive or brownish; antennze annulated; maxillipeds spotted
with white; tips of all the feet white. Length, 1.78; length of cara-

214 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

pax, 0.44; breadth of front, 0.22; length of eye, 0.23; of cheliped,
0.7 inch. .
Found on rocky shores at half-tide, in Kagosima Bay, Japan.

Genus SPIROPAGURUS Stimpson

Carapax depressed, anteriorly sufficiently indurated, but pos-
teriorly membranaceous, the cardiaco-branchial sutures being, how-
ever, strengthened by linear corneous strips. Eyes short, with the
cornea dilated. Antennz large; acicle slender from its base. Left
virgula or genital organ of the left coxa of the fifth pair of feet in
the male, persistently exserted to a considerable length, slender, com-
pressed, spiral, and membranaceous, with the superior margin
strengthened by a corneous strip. Last segment of the abdomen
bifid at the extremity ; margins of the forks serrated.

In most characters besides those mentioned in the above descrip-
tion this genus agrees with Eupagurus, the maxillipeds being remote
at base, with small coxz; the chelipeds more or less unequal, with
the right one largest, and the fourth pair of feet scarcely subcheli-
form, sometimes nearly simple, with compressed dactylus. Its most
remarkable characteristic is seen in the exserted left genital organ.
of the male, forming a “spire” or coil of one or two turns. Some-
thing of this kind is seen in some Cenobite, in which, however, the
coxee are produced on both sides, although to a different length, and
indurated.

The genus was founded upon the Pagurus spiriger of De Haan,
which was, until recently, the only known species. The Ieyden
carcinologist mentions the “‘spire,’ but has not, apparently, recog-
nized its identity with the male genital organ.

Only one other species is known, S. dispar Stm., which inhabits
the Caribbean Sea.

334. SPIROPAGURUS SPIRIGER (De Haan) Stimpson

Pagurus spiriger DE Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crust., 206, pl. xLrx, fig. 2.
Spiropagurus spiriger Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 248
[86], 1858.

The following specific characters may be mentioned in addition to
those given by De Haan: The median and lateral points of the front
are obtuse. Posterior part of the carapax longer than the anterior
part and lineolated or squamose in appearance; squame minutely
crenulated. Ophthalmic scales large, broad, and obtuse. Flagella
of the antennz almost entirely naked, and overreaching the ambu-

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE XXIV

>
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CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

ah

hie
r

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 215

latory feet. Fingers of the hands slender, with acute margins
microscopically pectinated with short sete; margin of immovable
finger also armed with eight minute distant teeth; that of movable
finger smooth. Dactyli of the ambulatory feet very long and com-
pressed, adapted for swimming. The animal is of a pale fawn color
when alive; sometimes slightly reddish.

This species swims freely, even carrying its shell, by striking the
water with its ciliated feet. Our specimens were taken from a
muddy bottom in sixteen fathoms off the Chinese coast near Hong-
kong.

Genus EUPAGURUS Brandt (emended)

In this genus and Spiropagurus we find a character of the external
maxillipeds which seems to be of considerable importance, although
overlooked by those who have previously written upon the family of
Paguride. In all other genera these maxillipeds are closely approx-
imated at the base, the cox being greatly dilated, with their inner
surfaces closely applied to each other. In the present genus the
coxe are small, very short, and no larger than the second or basis-
joint of the maxilliped, being at the same time widely removed from
each other, showing between the prominent margin of the second
sternal segment, which is often armed with teeth or spiniform pro-
cesses. [he exognath of the maxillipeds is broader than in the ordi-
nary forms of Paguride.

Other characters of Eupagurus are the following: Front acute at
the middle. Ophthalmic ring exposed, but without a bracteole or
indurated plate between the bases of the eyes. Aciculum of the
antenne elongated, slender even from the base; flagellum long. Ex-
ternal maxillipeds rather large. Chelipeds dissimilar in form and
unequal, the right largest; commissure of the hand horizontal, with
the hinges marginal; fingers moving in a horizontal plane. Fourth
pair of feet scarcely subcheliform.

This genus inhabits the temperate and frigid zones of both hemi-
spheres. A large number of species is found, both in the North
Atlantic and the North Pacific Oceans. In two or three rare in-
stances species occur in the subtropical parts of the Atlantic. The
following is a list of the species already known:

Eupagurus bernhardus (Lin.). Eupagurus angulatus (Risso).
ochotensis Brandt. meticulosus (Roux).
chiroacanthus (Liljeb.) alatus (Fabr.).
forbesi (Bell). pubescens (Kroyer).

sculptimanus (Lucas). kroyert Stm.

216 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Eupagurus levis (Thompson). Eupagurus hirsutiusculus (Dana).
hyndmanni (Thompson). samuelis Stm.
ulidianus (Thompson). granosimanus Stm.
spinimanus (Lucas). scabriculus (Dana).
cuanensis (Thompson). middendorthu Brandt.
prideauxtt (Leach). conformis (De Haan).
brevipes (M. Edw.). cristatus (M. Edw.).
perlatus (M. Edw.). novi-selandie (Dana).
obesicarpus (Dana). tenuimanus (Dana).
gayt (Nicolet). crimticornis (Dana).
villosus (Nicolet). operculatus Stm.
forceps (M. Edw.). brevidactylus Stm.
truncatulus (Raf.). pollicaris (Say).
mertensu Brandt. comptus (White).
splendescens (Owen). rubro-vittatus (Lucas).

335. EUPAGURUS MEGALOPS' Stimpson
PLATE XXIV, Fic. 2

Eupagurus megalops Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. x, p. 248
[86], 1858.

Carapax naked; anterior region smooth, glossy, and flattened.
Median lobe or tooth of front broad, obtuse, and less prominent than
the lateral teeth. Eves rather remote from each other, shorter than
the peduncle of the antennze by one-third the length of the latter,
and with the cornea greatly swollen, so that its diameter is nearly
twice that of the peduncle at its base. The acicle of the antenne is
slender from its base, slightly ciliated, and reaches the extremity of
the eye; the flagellum is naked, and reaches beyond the ambulatory
feet for a fourth of its length. Chelipeds ciliated on the margins;
the right one a little shorter than (that is, overreached by) the ambu-
latory feet; carpus oblong, one-half longer than broad, above sharp-
granulous and setose, the setze short and arising from the anterior
bases of the granules; hand broader than carpus, but scarcely more
than half as broad as long, tapering and depressed, but convex along
the middle; upper surface of the hand roughened with sharp gran-
ules smaller than those of the carpus, and very sparsely scattered,
there being very few on the convex middle portion of the hand, but
more at the sides; fingers hairy, much shorter than the palm, and
with calcareous, hooked tips. Left cheliped slender; carpus trig-
onal, superior keel spinulous and separated by a longitudinal groove
from another keel situated to the right and beneath it; hand as long
as the carpus of the right cheliped; palm convex and obsoletely

* Pagurus megalops (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 217

bicarinated, carine granulated; fingers elongated, depressed, and
somewhat curving downward. The whole upper surface of the
hands, excepting the fingers, is sometimes pubescent. Beneath the
chelipeds are uniformly and crowdedly granulated, and often pubes-
cent. Ambulatory feet nearly naked; upper surfaces smooth, glossy,
and punctate; upper margins spinulose; dactyli contorted, longer
than the greater hand, extremely slender, sulcated longitudinally on
the inner surface, and ciliated above near their extremities. In the
third foot of the right side the penult joint is twice as long as the
one preceding it. Length of a maie specimen, 1.7; length of cara-
pax, 0.36; breadth of front, 0.2 inch.

This can scarcely be the Pagurus conformis of De Haan, who, in
his description of the chelipeds of that species, says, “Pedis minoris
carpo non spinoso.” It is closely allied to &. gracilipes, but the eyes
are larger and the hands ciliated.

It was dredged from a sandy and shelly bottom at twenty-six
fathoms, in the North China Sea, under the twenty-third parallel of
latitude.

336. EUPAGURUS GRACILIPES ‘ Stimpson

Eupagurus gracilipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 248
[86], 1858.

Rostriform point large, strongly prominent, and acute. Eyes
very short and thick, shorter than the acicle, and but little over half
as long as the peduncle of the antennz; cornea much inflated; base
of the peduncle contracted. Flagellum of the antenne naked; acicle
rather small, with flat upper surface, and both edges somewhat
hairy. Right cheliped long and slender, but considerably shorter
than the ambulatory feet; carpus oblong, proportion of breadth to
length, 1:1.5, with the surface subspinulose, as in &. bernhardus ;
hand much depressed, thin, elongated-ovate, half as broad as long,
convex in the middle, but concave near the thin margins; nearly
smooth above, but sparsely ornamented with minute depressed gran-
ules; outer margin of the hand somewhat expanded and crenulated ;
fingers smooth, depressed, with hooked calcareous tips crossing each
other; dactylus carinated at the superior margin. Ambulatory feet
as in E. bernhardus, but with more slender dactyli. General length,
1.8; length of carapax, 0.35; breadth of front, 0.19 inch.

It differs from E. splendescens and E. mertensti in the longer am-
bulatory feet, the terminal joints of which reach much beyond the

* Pagurus gracilipes (Stimpson).

218 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

left hand; from &. bernhardus in the shorter eyes, the more elon-
gated and slender feet, and the smoother, flattened hand with lamelli-
form outer edge.

It was dredged off the east coast of Niphon, in north latitude
about 38°, at the depth of thirty fathoms. Found also in Hakodadi
Bay.

337- EUPAGURUS OCHOTENSIS* Brandt

Pagurus (Eupagurus) bernhardus, var. C, spinimana Branopt, Sibirische
Reise, Zool., p. 108.

Pagurus (Eupagurus) ochotensis BRAND’, loc. cit.

Bernhardus armatus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 442, pl. xxvu,
fig. 2.

Eupagurus armatus STrIMPSON, Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of N. Am.,
Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.

The acicle of the outer antennz in this species is remarkable for
its trigonal form and its naked, glossy, iridescent surfaces. The
dactyli of the ambulatory feet are long, naked, and as much twisted
as in &. bernhardus.

We found two adult specimens in Hakodadi Bay, the largest over
four inches in length. The original specimen of Dana’s B. armatus
differs from ours in one point only—the greater hand is more elon-
gated and more rounded at its extremity. This, however, is prob-
ably nothing more than a mark of immaturity or variety, as other
species are often variable in the proportions of the carpus and hand,
so that this may be regarded as one of the species common to both
sides of the North Pacific Ocean.

338. EUPAGURUS CONSTANS? Stimpson
IP Ais, DOW, IRS 3}

Eupagurus constans Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 248
[86], 1858.

Body broad and thick; abdomen rather small; sternum somewhat
narrower than in £. bernhardus. Anterior part of the carapax con-
vex, much indurated, with two arcuated, converging rows of fas-
cicles of setze, almost obliterated in old specimens. Rostriform point
prominent and rather sharp; angle about 60°. Lateral teeth (be-
tween eyes and antennz) acuminated, less prominent than the ros-
trum. Eyes rather long, but not reaching to the extremity of the

"Pagurus ochotensis Brandt.

Pagurus constans (Stimpson).

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON PLATE XXvV

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXFEDITION

fester
Ltn
ase

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 219

peduncle of the antennz; peduncles rather stout; cornea scarcely
dilated. Acicle long, hairy, and reaching beyond the eyes. On the
margin of the second sternal segment, between the bases of the outer
maxillipeds, there are two sharp teeth or spines. The right cheliped
is very large, reaching much beyond the extremities of the ambu-
latory feet ; ischium-joint with a long, sharp spine at the inner apex;
carpus a little longer than broad at its anterior extremity and some-
what longer than the palm of the hand; hand flattened above ; fingers
shorter than the palm and ornamented above, along their inner mar-
gins, with a closely set series of tufts of sete directed inward. There
is a deep notch in the outline of the hand at the outer base of the
dactylus. The left cheliped is about one-half as wide as the right,
and reaches beyond the base of the right dactylus. In the armature
of the surface the chelipeds are much alike; the surface of the
meros-joint is unarmed, but sparsely clothed with short series of
hairs arising from slight transverse squamiform ridges ; the anterior
margin of the meros is armed above with comb-like teeth, three in
the left, six in the right cheliped; carpus and hand spinous and
densely covered with pubescence arising to the tips of the spines.
These spines cover the whole upper surface of the carpus; they are
strong, sharp, about 1/15 inch in length in adult specimens. On the
right hand they form a median and two marginal rows; on the left
hand one median row continued on the immovable finger, one row
on the outer margin, and a few scattered at the inner base. Between
the spines there are small setiferous tubercles.

The ambulatory feet are slender, sparsely hairy in transverse
fascicles, and armed with one or two spines on the superior edge of
the carpus; dactyli long and slender, longer than the penult joint,
not twisted, and sparsely armed with short, stiff hairs; terminal un-
guiculi very short. Dactylus of the right ambulatory foot of the
first pair longer than the carpus of the right cheliped. Feet of the
fourth pair very broad, compressed, long-ciliated above; dactylus
very short, scarcely overreaching the tip of the process of the penult
joint or hand. Color orange, minutely mottled on the body; feet
barred above with dark red. Length, about 3.6; length of carapax,
0.8: breadth of front (between bases of outer antenne), 0.4; length
of great cheliped, 2.3 inches.

This species, contrary to the usual practice among hermit crabs,
never leaves the habitation (a small shell) it has first selected. In
the enlargement of its domicile (carcineecium) to suit its own
growth, it is assisted by a little architect, a hydroid polyp (Hydrac-
tinia sodalis Stm.), about half an inch in length, which in consider-

220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

able numbers molds its corneous base over the body of the crab, re-
ceiving for its reward and sustenance the fragments which float off
at the banquet of its voracious companion, as well as free transporta-
tion along the sea bottom. ‘The shell thus formed is spiral, with de-
pressed whorls, laxly convoluted and resembling somewhat a Del-
phinula, and often about an inch and a half in length. It is exter-
nally muricated with stout processes from one-tenth to one-half an
inch in height, one-twentieth in thickness, and more or less branched
at the top. Embedded in its apex we find the minute shell, seldom
over one-third of an inch in length, which served the hermit for a
cell when young.

The same thing was observed by J. EF. Gray (see Zodlogist, 1,
204) to occur sometimes with the common Eupagurus bernhardus ;
and on our own coast shells inhabited by Paguri are often seen leav-
ing the margin at the mouth, continued out to some extent by the
addition of the crustaceous or coriaceous polypidom of Hydrac-
tine. With Eup. constans, however, this is a constant character-
istic, and to such an extent that the entire shell seems to be composed
of the adventitious substance.

Several specimens of this curious species were dredged from a
rocky bottom in four fathoms in Hakodadi Bay, Northern Japan.

339. E UPAGURUS PECTINATUS‘* Stimpson

Eupagurus pectinatus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 249
[87], 1858.

On the anterior part of the carapax there are two series of fas-
cicles of hair, as in &. constans, enclosing an oval naked space at the
middle ; also two or three scattering tufts outside of this space pos-
teriorly. On the posterior part there are some tufts on the median
and postero-lateral surfaces. Rostriform point small but very acute,
and not much projecting. Lateral points or teeth of front acu-
minated, their tips spiniform, directed a little outward, and project-
ing nearly as far forward as the rostrum. Eyes long and slender,
reaching to the tips of the peduncles of the antennz and overreach-
ing the hairy acicle; cornea not dilated. Ophthalmic scales with
slender acuminate apex. Flagellum of antenne reaching beyond
the tips of the chelipeds; joints minute, setose. Chelipeds consider-
ably shorter than the ambulatory feet; meros with smooth or slightly
squamous surface, and with its anterior margin armed above with
2—4 parallel spines like the teeth of a comb; carpus and hand spinous

* Pagurus pectinatus (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 221

and hairy, the spines long, erect, subequal, and acute, the hair fine,
long, and clean, two or three times as long as the spines. Carpus of
the right cheliped not longer than broad, but slightly longer than the
palm of the hand; its postero-exterior slope smooth; its antero-
interior corner spinous; hand slightly convex, regularly covered with
spines arranged in eight longitudinal series, those of the outer mar-
gin longer, pectiniform, curving upward; fingers depressed, shorter
than the palm, and with acuminate corneous tips; spines on outer
margin of dactylus long and pectiniform. In the left cheliped the
carpus has two longitudinal rows of spines above, separated by a
smooth, flattened space; hand convex, spinous, with the median
spines longest; fingers nearly devoid of spines. Ambulatory feet
stout, overreaching the chelipeds; last three joints broad, long-
ciliated above; dactyli compressed, very broad, not contorted, with
the sides longitudinally grooved, the upper edge and inner side
hairy, and the inferior margin armed with a series of ten black
corneous spines; unguicle or tip stout and sharp, black. Dactylus
of fourth pair of feet large, reaching much beyond the hand-process,
and with a sharp, curved, black unguiculus. Length of the animal,
three inches; length of carapax, 0.7; breadth of front, 0.34; length
of greater cheliped, 1.42 inch.

It has much general resemblance to &. constans, but is easily dis-
tinguished by its shorter chelipeds, broader hairy dactyli of the am-
bulatory feet, and much larger dactylus of the fourth pair of feet.

Found at Hakodadi, Japan.

340. EUPAGURUS TRIGONOCHEIRUS* Stimpson
PLaAts XXVI, Fic. 2

Eupagurus trigonocheirus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p.
249 [87], 1858.

This is a large species, allied to E. pubescens, but having more
strongly marked characters. The characters mentioned in the fol-
lowing description are those in which it is observed to differ from
that species.

The body and feet are more or less hirsute, in some individuals
densely so, in others very little so, with the chelipeds nearly naked.
The chelipeds are granulated; granules on carpus spiniform. Right
hand less than twice as long as broad. Right carpus very thick and
broad, broader than the hand, and shorter than in E. pubescens.

* Pagurus trigonocheirus (Stimpson).

Oe, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Fingers of the right hand stout, with corneous tips. Left hand
large, three-fourths as large as the right, broadly trigonal; carina
very prominent, denticulated, and situated far to the right of the
middle; oblique exterior surface of the hand broadly expanded, con-

cave, and much dilated at the extero-inferior margin. Ambulatory |

feet of the right side overreaching the right cheliped. Color red-
dish; feet orange, inclining to clay color, transversely barred with
darker. Eggs of the female black. Length about four inches.

This species is common in the Behring Sea. Found at low-water
mark on gravel and in ten fathoms, mud bottom, in Seniavine
Straits ; in twenty fathoms, shelly bottom, in the Arctic Ocean north
of Behring Straits; also in Awatska Bay.

34t. EUPAGURUS PUBESCENS' Brandt

Pagurus pubescens Kroyer, Tidsskrift, 1, 251 (partim).

Pagurus (Eupagurus) pubescens Branpt, in Middendorft’s Sibirische
Reise, Zool., p. 111.

Bernhardus pubescens Stimpson, Mar. Inv. Gr. Manan, 59.

Among our boreal and arctic crustacea we find two closely allied
species confounded under the name of Pagurus pubescens. Kroyer’s
description in the Tidsskrift applies almost equally well to both. Nor
does his figure in the “Voyage en Skandinavie, en Lapponie,” etc.
(Crust., pl. 11, fig. I), appear to be an accurate representation of
either species.

The following is a short special description of the form to which
we would hereafter restrict the name pubescens, as it is by far the
most hairy of the two in thus agreeing with the Tidsskrift descrip-
tion (“pilis flavis dense obsitis”’), although not with the figure above
quoted.

Body and feet thickly hirsute with long hair. Chelipeds spinu-
lose, spinules rather large and sharply prominent. Right carpus
elongated, scarcely broader than the hand. Right hand generally
twice as long as broad, but varying much in its proportions ; dactylus
with corneous tip. Left hand small, not dilated extero-inferiorly ;
carina median, little prominent, obtuse, and armed with two rows of
spinules. Ambulatory feet of the right side in the adult falling short
of the extremity of the right hand. Dactyli of the ambulatory feet
much curved, and, as in all the species of this group, a little con-
torted, with the outer side longitudinally grooved. Color usually
reddish, with orange abdomen. Carapax pale red. Hands deep red;

* Pagurus pubescens Kroyer.

RR ee og an ce

t

oo

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS—STIMPSON

>?

CRABS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION

PLATE xxvi

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 223

tips of fingers paler. Ambulatory feet red, with three or four broad,
bluish-white transverse bars. Length usually about two or three
inches.

The expedition specimen was taken on a muddy bottom in ten
fathoms in Awatska Bay, Kamchatka. It is identical with those
found on the northeast coast of America.

342. EUPAGURUS PILOSIPES‘ Stimpson

Eupagurus pilosipes Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 249 [87],
1858.

Rostriform point of the front setose. Feet very hairy. Right
cheliped spinulose above; carpus with a smooth, shallow longi-
tudinal groove near the inner margin, which is spinous; hand elon-
gated, tapering, sparsely but regularly covered with spiniform tuber-
les. Left cheliped spinulose above; carpus distinctly grooved; fin-
gers of the hand twice as long as the palm, and broadly gaping.
Ambulatory feet longitudinally vittate with red; dactyli a little
shorter than the penult joint. Length, one inch.

It is very near &. hirsutiusculus, but the ambulatory feet are vit-
tate with red throughout, the fingers of the smaller hand gaping, and
the granules of the large cheliped spiniform. It differs from E.
samuelis in its narrower and more tapering right hand; from &.
pubescens in the more slender left hand and much shorter dactyli of
the ambulatory feet.

Found at Loo Choo.

Q

g

343. EUPAGURUS HIRSUTIUSCULUS* (Dana) Stimpson

Bernhardus hirsutiusculus DANA, U. S. Expl. Exped., Crust., 1, 443, pl.
Xxvu, fig. 3.

Eupagurus lirsutiusculus Stimpson, Crust. et Echin. Pacific Coast of N.
Am., p. 44, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.

This species was first described by Dana from specimens taken on
the west coast of North America. \We add below remarks upon some
points which become necessary to distinguish it from allied species
herein described.

It is a variable species, usually very hairy, particularly on the am-
bulatory feet; the chelipeds are often almost naked. It also varies
somewhat in the proportions of the carpus and hand in the right

Pagurus pilosipes (Stimpson).
* Pagurus hirsutiusculus (Dana).

224 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

cheliped, and in the shape of the hand, which is, however, usually
tapering toward the fingers, so that the immovable finger is narrow,
with a nearly straight outer margin. :

The rostriform point is smaller and less prominent than in Dana's
figure, but sharp and distinct. The right cheliped is elongated, does
not reach to the extremities of the right ambulatory feet; the gran-
ules of its upper surface are distinct and well separated, though not
generally very prominent; those of the carpus are sharper or scabri-
form, and always setose at their bases; the dactylus is ornamented
with a row of granules parallel to its outer margin, not represented
in Dana’s figure. The small cheliped is convex and distinctly
grooved longitudinally above, particularly on the carpus, where the
groove is defined on either side by a spinous crest, the superior crest
being by far the most prominent. Fingers of the smaller hand not
gaping, and not over a third or half ionger than the palm. Beneath
the meros-joint is hairy in both chelipeds. In the small cheliped the
sides of this joint are prominent and denticulated with subequal
teeth; the surface is granulated. In the larger cheliped this joint is
sparsely granulated, one granule or tubercle situated near the apex
of the ischium being larger than the rest, but not projecting.

Neither the shape of the anterior part of the carapax nor the gran-
ulation of the chelipeds is well represented in the figure taken from
the U. S. Exploring Expedition specimen.

It differs from E. pubescens in the armature of the hands, which
are not spinous, but granulated, and in the shorter dactyli of the
ambulatory feet, which are very little longer than the penult joint,
and show a longitudinal red stripe on each side.

It is found at Hakodadi, in Japan, in the same abundance as on
the opposite shore of the North Pacific.

344. EUPAGURUS SAMUELIS* Stimpson

Eupagurus samuelis Stimpson, Crust. and Echin. Pacific Coast of N.
Am., p. 42, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.; Notes on N. American Crust., 44,
Olly ity aiken, (S,

Closely allied to &. hirsutiusculus. ‘The rostriform point is slen-
der, sharp, and distinct in some specimens, but generally obtuse or
hidden by a tuft of sete. The feet are hairy, but much less so than
in Mirsutiusculus ; chelipeds usually naked. On the lower surface of
the meros-joint in the chelipeds there is a remarkably prominent
tubercle, sometimes sharp, but usually blunt, situated near the mid-

"Pagurus samuelis (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 225

dle in the greater and on the angular prominence to the left in the
smaller cheliped. There is sometimes another tubercle by the side
of the first in the greater cheliped. The larger hand is broad and
somewhat depressed, with the outer margin arcuated, acute, and
denticulated ; its surface is evenly covered- with small, equal, sharply
prominent but obtuse granules; fingers generally with corneous tips
pretty distinct; dactylus with a series of larger granules above par-
allel to its outer margin. The smaller cheliped is like that of E.
hirsutiusculus, but is almost trigonal, with a less distinct longi-
tudinal groove; carpus spinous above; fingers not twice as long as
palm, and not gaping. The ambulatory feet are long, those of the
right side overreaching the tip of the right hand; dactyli stout, and
somewhat shorter than the penult joint. Colors: Carapax red, with
a median and two or three lateral bluish stripes. The colors on the
feet aré arranged by rings or bars, instead of vittze; in alcoholic
specimens these are blue and red; fingers of chelipeds bluish. Length
usually one inch; length of anterior region of carapax, 0.25; breadth,
0.21 inch.

Found at Kagosima, Simoda, and Hakodadi, in Japan, as well as
on the coast of California.

345. EUPAGURUS ANGUSTUS' Stimpson

Eupagurus angustus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 250 [88],
1858.

The body in this species is narrow, as in some Clibanarii. Feet,
with the exception of the right cheliped, moderately pilose, with
long, fine hair. Rostriform point short and broad, but acute. Eyes
rather long, reaching nearly to the extremities of the peduncles of
the antenne; ‘cornea very little dilated. Ophthalmic scales with
acuminate apex. <Acicle small and short, falling much short of the
extremities of the eyes. Flagellum of the antenne long, naked,
reaching far beyond the tips of the walking feet. Great cheliped
much elongated, reaching a little beyond the ambulatory feet, naked
except at the base, and everywhere covered above with minute equal
spiniform granules; carpus two-thirds as broad as long, and three-
fourths as long as the hand, including the fingers; hand convex, a
little broader than the carpus, and tapering toward the fingers; fin-
gers small, hardly more than one-half as long as the palm; tips cal-
careous; dactylus with a granulated longitudinal groove along the
back, separating two rows of somewhat larger granules. Beneath

* Pagurus angustus (Stimpson).

15

226 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

the greater cheliped is granulated; meros-joint with a single promi-
nent tubercle near the middle. The small cheliped extends to or a
little beyond the extremity of the greater carpus; it is ridged along
the middle, spinulose and hairy; spinules longest on the carpus ; hand
rather swollen exteriorly, with a depression on the right side of the
palm above; fingers long and somewhat gaping. Ambulatory feet
rather compressed ; superior edge of carpal joint armed with four or
five spinules; dactyli not contorted, slightly longer than the penult
joint ; unguicle or tip long and slender.

The colors in the alcoholic specimen are light yellow and red, ar-
ranged in broad, transverse bands or annulations on the feet ; middle
of the dactyli whitish, base and tips red. Length of the animal, 1.6;
length of carapax, 0.35; breadth of front, 0.16; length of right cheli-
ped, 0.96 inch.

Allied to &. granosimanus of the opposite shores of the Pacific,
from which it differs in its narrower carapax, more acute and promi-
nent rostriform point, and in the sharper granules of the right
cheliped.

Found at the island of Kikaisima, in a small harbor on its southern
coast.

346. EUPAGURUS MIDDENDORFFII’* Brandt

Pagurus (Eupagurus) middendorffii Brannt, in Middendorff’s Sibirische
Reise, Zodlogie, p. 108, pl. v, figs. 1-16.

This species is easily recognized among other North Pacific Eu-
paguri by the smooth and even surface of its chelipeds, and its very
slender ambulatory feet. ‘There are no tubercles on the lower sur-
face of the meros-joint of the great cheliped.

Our specimens were found in Hakodadi Bay, Japan.

347. EUPAGURUS JAPONICUS* Stimpson

IDIEAGNS, ROW, IEW,

Eupagurus japonicus Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 250
[88], 1858.

The following is a description of a male: Anterior region of the
carapax well indurated, convex, and glabrous. Rostriform point of
the front very prominent and acute; lateral points also prominent
and minutely apiculated. The median region is broad, and the chan-

"Pagurus middendorf Brandt.
* Pagurus japonicus (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 227

nels bounding it laterally are, as usual, occupied with fascicles of
hair, largest anteriorly. Eyes more than half as long as the front is
wide; cornea a little dilated. Apical portion of the ophthalmic scale
oblong, constricted at the base, but not acuminated at the extremity,
and marked above by a median longitudinal impressed line occupied
by short setee. Acicle of the antennz long, overreaching the eyes,
and thickly clothed with tufts of hairs on its upper or inner edge;
flagellum short, setose at the joints. Exognath of the outer maxil-
lipeds broad.

The chelipeds, both right and left, are large and much longer than
the contiguous ambulatory feet. Right cheliped densely clothed
above with soft and rather short hair; meros smooth above and un-
armed at the superior margin, but beneath very much dilated and
hairy, with the right margin pectinated, the left most expanded and
ciliated with long hairs; upper surface of carpus and hand covered
with small scabriform granules, from the bases of which the hairs
arise; carpus as long as the palm of the hand, armed with several
small purple spines at the inner margin and near the antero-interior
corner, and marked along the middle with a smooth groove; hand
large, a little more than twice as long as broad; palm with a row of
minute spines down the middle ; exterior margin of immovable finger
denticulated with spiniform teeth; dorsal carina of dactylus armed
with a series of twelve bluish teeth. The left cheliped is also scab-
rous and hairy; meros and carpus almost or quite equal to those of
the right cheliped in length, but much narrower and more com-
pressed ; lower outer margins of meros and carpus and upper margin
of carpus spinous; hand somewhat tetragonal, carinated at the mid-
dle above, and at the outer margin; upper carina spinous. Ambu-
latory feet short and stout, thickly hairy above, but not spinulose ;
dactyli broad, not contorted, and shorter than the penult joint; un-
gues very large and strong. Color inclining to orange or minutely
mottled with red and yellow; ambulatory feet broadly annulated
with deeper red. Length of the animal, about 3.2; length of cara-
pax, 0.83; breadth of front, 0.38; length of greater cheliped, 2.08
inches.

It somewhat resembles the Pagurus lanuginosus of De Haan, in
which species, however, the ambulatory feet overreach the chelipeds
and “manu pedum secundorum tarsis parum breviore.” In our
species the hand, even the left hand, is longer than the longest
“tarsus.”

Our specimens were found at Simoda.

228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

348. EUPAGURUS SINUATUS‘* Stimpson
PLATE XXVI, Fic. 1
Eupagurus sinuatus StIMpPsoN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 250 [88],
1858.

Upon the anterior region of the carapax there are the usual two
series of setose pits extending on either side, from the base of the
eye to the middle of the lateral suture. Rostriform tooth acute,
prominent; lateral teeth of front acuminated. Eyes stout, shorter
than the acicles; cornea a little dilated. Apex of ophthalmic scales
elongated and slender. The greater cheliped reaches to the tips
of the walking feet; surface granulated and covered with a short
pubescence; inner margin with a deep sinus at the juncture of the
carpus and the hand and another at the juncture of the dactylus with
the hand; carpus subtriangular, sparsely spinous above, with a
smooth strip in the middle and a spinose inner margin; hand broad
in the female, with a median, and marginal rows of subspiniform
granules larger than the rest; dactylus above armed with a median
series of sharp tubercles. Small cheliped subtrigonal, hirsute, and
granulated; carpus with a spinous edge and a longitudinal smooth
channel above; hand not spinous, but with a blunt carina running
from the base to the immovable finger. In both chelipeds the meros
is deeply excavated beneath, with the margins long-ciliated ; the right
margin spinose. Ambulatory feet hairy, but not spinose above;
tarsi rather broad, not twisted, and armed with corneous spinules.
Color of alcoholic specimens reddish. General length of a male
specimen, 2.2; length of carapax, 0.6; breadth of front, measured as
usual, between the outer bases of the antennz, 0.3; length of greater
cheliped, 1.28 inches.

Found in Port Jackson, Australia.

349. EUPAGURUS TRICARINATUS* Stimpson

Eupagurus tricarinatus StTIMPsON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 251
[89], 1858.

Eyes rather remote from each other, and pretty large and stout, in
length about equaling the peduncle of the antennz, but overreaching
the acicle; cornea considerably dilated; peduncle constricted at base.
There is no distinct median or rostriform point to the carapax, but
the bracteole or interocular plate of the ophthalmic ring is consider-

* Pagurus sinuatus (Stimpson).
* Pagurus tricarinatus (Stimpson).

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION . 229

ably developed. Feet naked or nearly so. Chelipeds shorter than
the ambulatory feet; the right one but little larger than the left;
hand in both with three sharp, denticulated longitudinal keels or
crests, two marginal, and one median one continued on the immova-
ble finger; carpus slightly pilose, flattened or obsoletely grooved
above, with two slight crenated keels. Ambulatory feet very slen-
der, naked; dactyli not contorted, and much longer than the penult
joint. Colors: Body dark brownish in front, paler posteriorly ; feet
transversely banded with reddish and olive; chelipeds white. Gen-
eral length of the animal, half an inch; length of the carapax, 0.11;
breadth of the front, 0.07; length of the right cheliped, 0.17 inch.
Dredged in five fathoms, black sand, in Kagosima Bay, Japan.

350. EUPAGURUS ACANTHOLEPIS* Stimpson

Lupagurus acantholepis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 251
[89], 1858.

Of this species we have only a small female specimen, perhaps
young. The rostriform tooth is obsolete. The ophthalmic ring is
shielded above by a bifurcated bracteole. The eyes are slender, and
overreach the peduncles of the antennz, equaling in length the
breadth of the front, and curving outward; cornea not dilated;
ophthalmic scales small, bidentate or bifurcated ; teeth or forks spini-
form. Flagellum of antennz shorter than the feet. Acicle very
small. Feet slender, sparsely hirsute with long hairs. Chelipeds
slender, but much shorter than the ambulatory feet, and spinulose
above ; the right one largest ; carpus somewhat grooved above ; hands
a little depressed, and armed with a median and two marginal rows
of spines; spines of the left cheliped longest. Dactyli of the ambu-
latory feet not contorted, but compressed, almost falciform; un-
guicles slender. Fourth pair of feet not didactyle; penult joint ex-
panded. On the right side of the abdomen near its base there is a
conical process, the skin of which at its apex is somewhat indurated
or corneous. Length of the animal, about one inch; length of cara-
pax, 0.21; breadth of front, 0.12; length of eye, 0.12; length of right
cheliped, 0.35; of the right ambulatory foot, 0.53 inch.

This species, as will be seen from the description, presents some
peculiarities which may require its subsequent removal from the
genus Eupagurus, although it has most of the more essential charac-
ters of that genus—the remoteness of the external maxillipeds, ete.
It is desirable that the male should be examined.

Dredged in eight fathoms, mud, in Port Jackson, Australia.

"Pagurus acantholepis (Stimpson).

230 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Genus GAILATHEA Fabricius

In the male of this genus the genital organs of the fifth coxe are
not exserted. ‘The segments of the abdomen are all provided with
appendages ; those of the first two pairs are copulative, and those of
the next four pairs are of small size, simple and flattened.

‘This genus is found in all seas of the old world. It is remarkable
that no species is found in the American waters except those of the
frigid zones, although it is represented on the west coast by the genus
Pleuronchodes. The following is a list of species known besides
those herein described :

Galathea strigosa Fabr. Galathea latirostris Dana.
squamifera Leach. spinosirostris Dana.
nexa Embleton. vitiensis Dana.
andrewst Kinahan. longirostris Dana.
tridentata E\smark. elegans White.
imtermedia Lljeb. integrirostris Dana.

serricormis Loven.

351. GALATHEA AUSTRALIENSIS Stimpson

Galathea australiensis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 251
[89], 1858.

Carapax rather short and broad; broad posteriorly; surface stri-
gose and pubescent; pubescence rather long; gastric region moder-
ately well defined and two-spined in front; lateral or marginal spines
sharp, eight in number on each side, including two at the insertion
of the antenna, one above and one below. Rostrum broad, trian-
gular, with four long, deeply cut spiniform teeth on each side; sur-
face thickly pubescent. Chelipeds moderately robust, scabrous and
setose above, and with a few spines on the margin; fingers de-
pressed, not gaping, and together nearly as broad as the palm; their
inner margins armed with one or two slight teeth. Color reddish,
with some bluish on the carapax; fingers of the hands tipped with
dark purplish-brown.

The above description was taken from a female specimen, the
dimensions of which are: Length of the carapax (rostrum included),
0.29; breadth, 0.215; length of the rostrum, 0.09; of the chelipeds,
0.56 inch.

It was found among sponges dredged from a muddy bottom in
six fathoms in Port Jackson, Australia.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 231

352. GALATHEA LABIDOLEPTA Stimpson

Galathea labidolepta Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 251
[89], 1858.

Carapax rather short, narrowing anteriorly; surface strigose and
much pubescent; gastric region not distinctly circumscribed, and
armed with two little spines anteriorly; lateral margin armed with
eight minute spines, including two at insertion of antenna. Ros-
trum long, triangular, acute, and armed on each side with four
small, very slender teeth, including that situated above the eye. No
other tooth on the supraorbital margin. Outer angle of orbit acute.
Chelipeds rather stout-; upper surface uniformly roughened with
short spines and sete; margins armed with a few spines, of which
there are two short and one long one near the inner apex of the meros,
and one long one at that of the carpus; hand with a thick palm, but
very slender fingers, which together are much narrower than the
palm, straight, and not toothed. Ambulatory feet spinulose and
very sparsely hairy; meros-joint sufficiently broad, and provided on
superior margin with about ten weak spines? lower margin of dac-
tylus armed with four small teeth, each bearing one movable spinule.
Colors: Carapax dark red, margined with white; abdomen varie-
gated with reddish and yellowish, with a white median spot on each
of the first two segments; feet punctate with blue. The dimensions
of a male specimen are: Length of the carapax, 0.32; breadth, 0.21;
length of rostrum, 0.11; of chelipeds, 0.58 inch. Females are gener-
ally larger, the carapax in one being 0.4 inch in length.

Dredged from a sandy bottom in twelve fathoms in Simons Bay,
Cape of Good Hope.

353. GALATHEA ORIENTALIS Stimpson

Galathea orientalis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 252 [90],
1858.

The following description is that of a male. Carapax rather long
and ndrrow, becoming narrower anteriorly; surface, as usual, stri-
gose; pubescence on the strigze very short; gastric region not dis-
tinctly defined and two-spined in front, spines minute; lateral margin
armed with six teeth or spines, including that above the insertion of
the antenna, but not the small inferior one. Rostrum large, sub-
triangular, and rather broad; surface naked; sides somewhat convex
and each armed with three acute equal teeth and one much smaller
one at the base. Eves large. The tooth forming the external angle
of the orbit is minute, sharp, and placed rather within than an-

232 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

teriorly to the prominent first lateral tooth. Chelipeds long, spinu-
lose, and sparsely provided with long hairs; marginal spines longest ;
carpus with one strong spine on the inner side and a smaller one
behind it; hand rather depressed, uniformly roughened above with
asperities or short, broad spinules; fingers scarcely gaping; two low |
teeth on the inner margin of the dactylus and one on that of the im-
movable finger corresponding to the interspace between them.
Meros-joint of the ambulatory feet rather narrow, with its superior
margin armed with equal, closely arranged spinules; dactylus with
a short supplementary unguiform tooth on the inner margin above
the true unguiculus. Dimensions: Length of carapax, 0.26; breadth,
0.19; length of rostrum, 0.09; of chelipeds, 0.6 inch.

Females have more slender chelipeds, armed with longer spines,
and with the fingers scarcely toothed within.

The species is of a bright red color, with a median white stripe
on the back. Feet pale orange.

It differs from G. vitiensis in its larger rostrum, the non-circum-
scribed gastric area, and the sharper external orbital angle; from G.
latirostris in its rostrum, which is longer, not subovate, and more
acutely toothed; from"G. spinosirostris in its longer chelipeds, with
fewer spines on the inner side of the carpus.

Dredged from a shelly bottom in twenty-five fathoms in Ly-i-
moon Passage, near Hongkong, China.

Specimens probably of this species were obtained in the China
Sea, also at Ousima and in Kagosima Bay, which differ somewhat
from the above, the males having a somewhat longer and more
tapering carapax, with the gastric region better circumscribed; the
chelipeds longer and often with gaping fingers, bearing a sharply
prominent tooth on the dactylus and none on the immovable finger.
This form appears to be connected with the type by intermediate
gradations, but if distinct might be named G. longimana.

354. GALATHEA ACANTHOMERA Stimpson

Galathea acanthomera Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 252
[90], 1858.

This species resembles G. orientalis in the shape and armature of
the carapax and rostrum, except that the basal teeth of the rostrum |
are larger. The chelipeds in our only specimen are wanting. The
ambulatory feet resemble those of G. spinosirostris. They are stout
and fringed above with plumose hairs ; the meros-joint is broad, with
eleven stout spines on the superior edge, with the outer surface
deeply marked with pubescent strige, and with a spine at the in-
ferior extremity; the carpus is four-spined above, and the dactylus

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 233

is less than half as long as the penult joint, and armed below with a
minute supplementary unguiculus. The upper surface of the abdo-
men is sparsely clothed with long hairs. Color grayish. Length of
carapax, 0.22; breadth, 0.18; length of rostrum, 0.07 inch.

It differs from G. spinosirostris in its longer rostrum and in the
plumose character of the setae on the ambulatory feet.

Found among coral at the depth of one fathom in Port Lloyd,
Bonin Islands. —

355. GALATHEA PUBESCENS Stimpson

Galathea pubescens StT1Impson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 252 [oo],
1858.

Carapax regularly or evenly convex, not much narrowed before ;
surface deeply strigose and conspicuously pubescent, the hairs or
ciliz of each ridge being nearly long enough to reach the next ridge.
Gastric region not well defined, and armed near the middle anteriorly
with three small spines, the median one situated a little behind the
other two. Lateral margins armed as in G. orientalis. Rostrum
large, acutely triangular, densely pubescent above, and 4-toothed on
each margin; teeth very sharp, and raking forward. There is some-
times a supplementary tooth between the basal tooth and the second.
Chelipeds linear, very slender, sparsely setose and spinulose, but
with spines smaller and less numerous than in G. orientalis. Some-
times there is, however, a strong spine on the carpus. Fingers of
the hand flattened, parallel, not at all gaping, and not as long as the
palm. Ambulatory feet of moderate length; superior edge of meros-
joint armed with seven or eight very slender subdistant spinules ;
dactylus about half as long as the penult joint. Abdomen pubescent.
Color reddish, sometimes with darker mottlings, and a median dor-
sal white stripe. In one specimen the length of the carapax was
0.22; breadth, 0.16 inch. In another, a female, length of carapax,
0.22; breadth, 0.13; length of rostrum, 0.08; length of chelipeds,
c.4 inch.

It was dredged from a sandy bottom in thirty-three fathoms on
the east coast of Ousima; also in twenty-five fathoms, coarse sand
and shells, off the headland of Hakodadi, Island of Jesso, Japan.

356. GALATHEA SUBSQUAMATA Stimpson

Galathea subsquamata St1mpson, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 252
[90], 1858.

Carapax depressed, scarcely narrowed anteriorly. The transverse

strigee are few in number (only three on the cardiac region), the

234. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

secondary ones being obsolete; but they are very deeply cut, espe-
cially at the middle of the carapax. On the gastric region and at
the sides these strigze are undulated, and sometimes partially inter-
rupted, so as to resemble broad scales. Their edges are scarcely
pubescent, and there are only a few scattered setz on the surface.
The gastric and hepatic regions are not very distinctly circum-
scribed. On the front and sides of the gastric region there are eight
or ten small spinules scattered. Lateral margin seven-toothed, ex-
cluding the angle of the orbit, which is situated far inward, as in
G. orientalis. Rostrum exactly triangular in shape, of the usual
breadth, and armed with four very sharp and deeply cut teeth on
each side. Spines on the base of the antennulz very long, reaching
almost to the tip of the rostrum. Chelipeds of moderate size, armed
with small subequal spines regularly distributed; carpus and meros
with two or three longer spines within; hand more slender than car-
pus; fingers parallel, depressed, not gaping, and not toothed. In the
ambulatory feet the meros is slender, and ten-spined above; dactylus
with a short, stout tooth on the inner or lower margin. Length of
carapax in a male, 0.26; breadth, 0.16; length of rostrum, 0.1; of
chelipeds, 0.56 inch.
Found at Ousima.

357. GALATHEA GRANDIROSTRIS Stimpson —

Galathea grandirostris Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., x, p. 252
[oo], 1858.

Carapax evenly convex; strigose; strigze about twelve in number
between the base of the rostrum and the posterior margin, and cil-
iated with short hairs, equaling in length one-third the distance be-
tween the ridges. Some of the strige are interrupted, and that
which crosses the posterior part of the gastric region is undulated.
Gastric region not circumscribed. Lateral margin nine-toothed.
Rostrum greatly elongated ; surface roughened and pubescent; mar-
gins each serrated with about six small distant teeth almost obsolete.
Chelipeds stout, roughened with transverse scabrosities and short
setose ; two or three spines at the inner apex of the meros and of the
carpus; no spines on the hand; fingers moderately pilose and not
gaping. The surface of the ambulatory feet is ornamented with
transverse ciliated striae, about six in number on the meros-joint.
Color purple-brown, very dark; carapax and abdomen above with
two longitudinal yellowish-white vittee; chelipeds with one median
stripe; ambulatory feet transversely barred. Length of carapax in
a male (rostrum included), 0.342; breadth, 0.19; length of rostrum,

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 235

0.16; breadth of rostrum at base, 0.06; length of chelipeds, 0.53 inch.
With G. longirostris Dana and G. elegans White it forms a group
which will perhaps be found to have a generic value, and be sepa-
rated from Galathea proper. From these two species ours differs in
its larger rostrum and in other characters.
It was dredged from a black sand bottom at five fathoms depth
in Kagosima Bay, Japan.

Genus MUNIDA Leach

Differs from Galathea in the character of its front, which is armed
with three spines, the median longest. The species of Wunida are
all very closely allied to each other. They are found in both tem-
perate zones and in both oceans. Only three species are known,
M. bamffia White, M. subrugosa Dana, and the following.

358. MUNIDA JAPONICA Stimpson

Munida japonica St1MPson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X,) Ps 252 a O0lle
1858.

The carapax is oblong. The lateral margin is armed near the
middle with five spinules, and the spines above and behind the base
of the antenna are no larger than these lateral spinules. There is a
pencil of brilliant setee on the margin beneath the sinus of the trans-
verse suture, and a few such pencils on the sides of the abdomen.
Frontal spines needle-shaped, the lateral ones nearly half as long as
the middle one. There is a series of thirteen spinules extending
across the front part of the gastric region, of which two, one on
each side of the middle, are larger than the others. On each side of
the gastric region there are three spines on the surface, about half
way from the lateral margin to the median line. Chelipeds very
long, straight, subcylindrical, scabrous, with a few scattered spin-
ules; fingers long, very slender, and straight, those of the left hand
gaping at the base. Antenne a little longer than the chelipeds.
Color a rather dark red, mottled with light red and white. The feet
show a tendency to annulation. This description is drawn up from
a male specimen, the dimensions of which are: Length of carapax,
0.48 ; breadth, 0.28; length of median frontal spine, or rostrum, 0.18;
length of chelipeds, 1.3 inches.

Dredged from a shelly bottom in twenty fathoms in Kagosima
say, Japan.

236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Prate I.

Fic. 1. Doclea gracilipes, natural size.
2. Micippa spinosa, X 2/3.
3. Muicropisa ovata, 6, X 2.
3a. Ventral view of anterior half, X 5.
4. Doclea canalifera, 6, X 4/5.

PLATE II.

Fic. 1. Hyas latifrons, 6, X 2/3.
ta. Carapace of young specimen, natural size.

Priate III.

Fic. Tiarinia cornigera, 6,-natural size.
Tiarinia depressa, @, natural size.
Tiarinia spinigera, 9, natural size.
Scyra compressipes, 2, natural size.
Ache@opsis spinulosus, Q, natural size.

> Carapace Of 2, 2X 2.

Menethius dentatus, natural size.
Acheus lacertosus, 8, natural size.
Stenorynchus falcifer, 9, natural size.

BO NH

AI Aw wm
Be en es) oe

WATE MINE

Fic. Mithrax suborbicularis, natural size.
Eurynome longimana, 6, natural size.
Lambrus rugosus, @, natural size.
Lambrus tuberculosus, &, natural size.
5. Cancer productus, 2, X 2/3.

5a. Buccal and antennal region.

6. Cryptopodia contracta, 6, natural size.
6a. Ventral view.

Be PF

PLATE V.

Fic. Liomera subacuta, @, natural size.
Etisus convexus, 9, natural size.
Xanthodes elegans, @, natural size.
Lachnopodus rodgersti, 2, natural size.
Actea subglobosa, 6, natural size.
Actea pilosa, 6, X 2.

Actea pura, @, natural size.

WwW WH

IID Ou

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 237

PLATE VI.

Itc.

La
.

Polycremnus verrucifer, 6, natural size.

Euxanthus melissa, 6, natural size. a. Right chela. b. Abdomen.
Chlorodius exaratus var. granulosus, 8, natural size.

Chlorodius exaratus var. rugosus, 8, natural size.

Chlorodius dentifrons, 6, X 2.

Chlorodius exaratus var. pictus, 6, natural size.

Chlorodius exaratus var. acutidens, g, natural size.

Chlorodius exaratus var. cupulifer, chele, natural size.

Chlorodius exaratus var. latus, @, natural size.

to

0 PN Aun A w

iPr aes), WAIT?

Fic. Pilodius nigrocrinitus, 9, X 2. a. Dorsal view. 06. Right chela.
Pilodius granulatus, 6, X 2.
Pseudosius microphthalmus, 2, natural size.
Ozius frontalis, 8, natural size. F
Spherosius nitidus, 2, X* 2.

. Front view.
Ozius rugulosus, 2, X 4/5.
Heteropanope australiensis, g, natural size.

. Outline of carapace, X 2.

BwWNH

NYO) U1 U1
Sparta yen

N
Q

PLATE VIII.

I'tc. 1. Heteropanope glabra, 8, X 2.
2. Heteropanope eucratoides, 8, X 2.
2a. Chele, X 2.
3. Pilumnus rufopunctatus, 6, natural size.
4. Pilumnus fissifrons, 6, X 2.
5. Pilumnus verrucosipes, X 2
6. Pilumnus forficigerus, 9, X 2.
6a. Chelz, X 2.
7. Pilumnus lapillimanus, 8, natural size.
7a, Chele, natural size.

PLATE IX.

Fic. 1. Pilumnus hirsutus, @, X 2.
2. Pilumnus marginatus, 6, X 2.
3. Pilumnus dorsipes, natural size.
3a. &, natural size, showing feet in dorsal position.
4. Tetralia levissima, é, X 2.
4a. Left chela, X 2.
5. Trapesia reticulata, &, X 2.
6. Portunus strigilis, X 2.
7, Charybdis variegata, carapace of 2, X 2.

238

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

bob

®)

nur f

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

PLATE X.

Amphitrite media, 9, natural size.

Amphitrite gracillima, 6, X 2.

Amphitrite gracilimanus, 6, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Right
chela and carpus. c. Abdomen.

Kraussia mtida, 6, X 2.

Thalamita picta, 6, natural size.

Thalamita crenata, 6, X 2/3.

. Right chela.

PLATE XI.

Thalamita dane, 9, X 4/5.

. Right chela.

Thalamita sima, 3, X 2/3.
Pilumnoplax sculpta, 2, X 2.
Acme@opleura parvula, 6, X 2.

PrATE elie

Charybdis anisodon, 6, X 2/3.

Ocypode ceratophthalma, eyes of three specimens, largest and small-
est ¢, medium @.

Cheirogonus acutidens, slightly enlarged.

PiaTe XIII.

Macrophthalmus dentatus, 6, X 2. a. Dorsal view. b. Right chela.
c. Left chela.

Macrophthalmus convexus, $6, X 2. a. Dorsal view. 06. Left chela.

Macrophthalmus serratus, $6, natural size. a. Carapace. 0b. Left
hand. c. Ambulatory leg. d. Extremity of leg.

Myctiris brevidactylus, , natural size.

Myctiris platycheles, 6, natural size.

Sesarma vestita, upper view of left chela, X 3.

PLATE XIV.

Asthenognathus inequipes, 2, X 2.

Gelasimus splendidus, 6, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Inner side
of large chela. c. Outer side of large chela.

Gelasimus acutus, é, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Outer side of
large chela. c. Inner side of large chela.

Gelasimus dubius, $, natural size. a. Dorsal view. 6. Outer side of
large chela.

Cryptocnemus pentagonus, X 2. a. Rear view. b. Side view.

Cryptocnemus pentagonus, 6, X 2. a. Dorsal view. b. Ambulatory
leg.

Carcinaspis marginatus, 9, X 2.

Hapalocarcinus marsupialis, 9, X 2.

Fic.

TEN.

irc:

Fic.

Te

i)

nH

to

3d.

CRUSTACEA NORTH PACIFIC EXPLORING EXPEDITION 239

PLATE XV.

Gelasimus pulchellus, 8. a. Dorsal view, X 2. b. Outer side of large
chela, natural size. c. Inner side of large chela, natural size.

Ocypode cordimana, 6, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Abdomen
of male. c. Abdomen of female. d. Buccal area.

Ocypode convexa, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Right chela.
c. Left chela.

PLATE XVI.

Nautilograpsus angustatus, * 2.

Metopograpsus quadridentatus, inner face of right arm of ¢, natural
size,

Geograpsus rubidus, 6, X 4/5.

Lower view of left chela of ¢, natural size.

Grapsus subquadratus, 6, X 4/5.

IPe Aan’ WALL

Sesarma rupicola, natural size.

Upper view of right chela and wrist of 9, natural size.
Upper view of palm and base of dactylus of 2, X 2.
Geothelphusa dehaani, 8, X 1/2.

Platygrapsus convexiusculus, Q, natural size.
Camptandrium sexdentatum, 9, X 2.

Ptychognathus glaber, 6, natural size.

. Buccal area.

PratTe XVIIL.

Leucosia parvimana, @, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Abdomen
of male.

Leucosia naculata, $, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Abdomen.

Leucosia vittata, 6, natural size.

. Carapace of young ¢4, natural size.

Philyra unidentata, 9, natural size.

Philyra tuberculosa, 2, natural size.

Phlyxia quadridentata, 2, X 2.

Ebalia madetrensis, 2, X 2.

Iphiculus spongiosus, natural size. a. Carapace. b. Left chela.
c. Side view.

Arcana globata, 2, natural size.

PLATE XIX.

Remipes testudinarius, natural size.
Diogenes brevirostris, , X 2.
Tymolus japonicus, 6, X 2.

. Carapace of 9, X 2.

Ethusa sexdentata, 2, X
Polyonyx sinensis, &, X

Non

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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Oreophorus rugosus, 9, natural size.

. Abdomen of @.

Cycloés cristata, 6, X 2.
Onychomorpha lamelligera, 8, X 2.

. Ambulatory leg.

PLATE XxOxXe:

Dromidia spongiosa, Q, natural size.
Cryptodromia coronata, 6, X 2.
Cryptodromuia lateralis, 6, X .2.

PLATE XXL.

Mastigopus gracilis, X 2.

Hippa analoga, 2, natural size. a. Dorsal view. b. Side view of
carapace.

Pseudodromia latens, 6, natural size.

Petalomera granulata, carapace, X 2.

Conchecetes artificiosus, 6, natural size.

Cryptodromia tuberculata, g, natural size.

Dromia rumphit, abdomen of 6, hairs removed.

PLATE XXII.

Porcellana pulchra, 2, X 3.
Petrelisthes speciosus, 6, natural size.

Petrolisthes pubescens, 8, X 2. w ;
Petrolisthes hastatus, 6, natural size. ow
Raphidopus ciliatus, 2, X 2. p

Porcellanella picta, 6, natural size.

OD
PLate XXIII. me

Ov

Porcellana streptocheles, 6, X 2.
Porcellana serratifrons, 6, X 2.

Porcellana dispar, 6, X 2. es
Porcellana latifrons, 6, X 2.

Pachycheles pectimcarpus, X 2.

Pachycheles stevenst, 9, natural size. fe)

RS

PLATE XXIV.

Diogenes edwardsii, §,natural size.
Eupagurus megalops, natural size. 4 ,
Eupagurus constans, 6, natural size.

PLATE XXV -J

Paguristes digitalis, 6, natural size, Hakodadi.
Eupagurus japonicus, 6, natural size.

Pirate XXVI.

Eupagurus sinuatus, 2, natural size, Port Jackson.
Eupagurus trigonocheirus, natural size.

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