REPORT ON MARINE BORERS AND FOULING ORGANISMS IN 56 IMPORTANT HARBORS AND TABULAR SUMMARIES OF MARINE BORER DATA FROM 160 WIDESPREAD LOCATIONS NAVDOCKS TP-Re-1 - BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON, D. C. APRIL 1951 _ MBL/WHOI 4 Ye Navy Department "a B Bureau of Yards and Docks / Washington, D. .C., April 1951 Na From painstaking research, such as is summarized in this report, we have learned in recent times that most of the world's coastal waters are infested more or less with destructive marine borers. Some costly marine structures built in the last decade without due appreciation of the marine borer menace have been totally destroyed by their attacks. In other cases, structures of a relatively temporary nature have required extensive repairs after only two or three years of service. Detailed knowledge of the biological conditions in a given harbor is indispensable to those who are concerned with any type of marine structure containing timber. Before a marine structure is designed or constructed, it is extremely important that the degree and type of local.infestation be accurately determined and that specifications be established which will assure its resistance to borer attacks. After it is erected, it is equally important to maintain regular, thorough inspections and tests if borer damage is to be averted. It is the belief of the Bureau that the information in this report will be of value not only to those officers of the Civil Engineer Corps who have cognizance over harbor installations, but also to all others who are concerned with shoreside construction and the maintenance of timber marine structures and/or the relatively safe berthing of wooden vessels, . FL Jefley —s= Rear} A (CEC\), =z Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks == _, ——— a — CC) =— == - ‘ —_ O / W. KY = by are —-s ( 4, © f —<—— fi C K) = Wis mr QRer ori tal eva FOREWORD Every year millions of dollars' worth of marine structures are damaged by marine borers of various. kinds. They bore into and may eventually destroy not only timber, but also low-grade concrete, soft stone, and other nonmetallic materials in salt water. No salt-water port in the world is entirely safe from their depredations, except perhaps where the water is extremely diluted with fresh water or is heavily polluted with acids, oils, or other industrial wastes. Even heavily creosoted wood is not immime from Limoria, the most widely distributed genus of crustacean borer. Since about 1920, various types of marine borer traps and test poards have been designed and systematically submerged in harbors all over the world for the purpose of determining the type and extent of marine borer attack to which shoreside structures may be subjected. Examining these indicators at regular intervals led to the accumlation of much valuable data concerning the density of borer attack, rate of destruction, breeding seasons, distribution of the various species, length of life, rate of growth, and other significant factors relative to marine borer activity and destructiveness. Test board data are now considered indispensable in the design of marine structures. When kept up to date, these data serve as continuous wernings against sudden borer invasions or a large increase in the borer population. They are of basic value in the preparation of wharf speci- fications and in the study of the fouling of intake tumnels, ships' bottoms, and ships' service pipe lines, They form the basis for accurate decisions as to the borer resistance of various woods, and the relative effectiveness of various treatments of piling and structural timbers subject to borer attack, The extensive program of research now under way is an outgrowth of the initial investigations by the National Research Council in 1922 and 1925. These studies proved of such economic value that they were later organized on a continuing basis, and the present program conducted by the William F. Clapp Laboratories is being carried on at more than 500 loca- tions along the United States coasts. From 1942 to 1947, the Bureau of Yards and Docks of the United States Navy sponsored marine borer studies at 56 important harbors. The results are summarized in Sections 2 to 57 in PART A of this report, which com- prises a narrative analysis of the data from each of the 56 harbors. These locations are widely distributed along our Atlantic and Gulf coasts; in Canada and Alaska; in various Caribbean islands; in Brazil, North Africa, Sicily, and Italy; and in the Pacific as far as Australia and New Zealand. Each analysis identifies the marine borers which attacked the test boards ~“« ata given station, summarizes the intensity of borer attack, and describes the Kind and number of fouling organisms present. The depth of the test board and various hydrographic data also are reported, Additional data for 1948 and 1949, where available, are summarized under the heading "Recent Addenda," Aii PART B is a tabular summary of test board data recoried during - 1934-1942 at several hundred locations. The majority of these locations are in the Middle Atlantic harbors; the others are scattered along the South Atlantic and Gulf ports in the Caribbean islands; in Venezuela and Brazil; in Italy; along the Pacific coast southerly from Adak, Alaska; and in the Hawaiian and-other Pacific islands, Australie, and New Zealand. Additional information on this subject may be found in the intro- duction to "Harbor Reports on Marine Borer Activities," NavDocks P-43, recently published by this Bureau, and in other publications listed in the References at the end of Section l. The test data were compiled from daily reports prepared by the biological staff of the William F. Clapp Laboratories. Much of the more recent test-board-panel analytical and evaluation ‘work was done by Mrs. Dorothy Brown and Miss Irene Damon of that staff, and the assembly of the resulting information into its present form was accomplished by Dr. Arthur Rhoads, also of the Clapp Laboratories. Dr. Rhoads also — prepared charts of each of the surveyed harbors, showing the location of each test board. These charts are available for reference in the files of the Research Division of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Navy Department, Washington, D. C,, and in the Clapp Laboratories at Duxbury, Mass. iv Section CONTENTS PART A ANALYSIS OF TEST BOARD RESULTS 1 bad General fo) [ere i@s 7 (e106), See! 8) TO et, Oe. (Oe ee! ele OO! 184 Oa eee Al.O1 Al.02 A1.03 A1.O4 A1.05 A1.06 Al.O7 A1.08 Al.09 A1l.10 3. Other Comprehensive Narrative Summaries Prevalence and Destructiveness of Marine Borers . Destructive Species of Marine Borers . i4 (yenebitebiealeyey 6 1G 5° 6 6 Goo 6.6 O68 2. The Molluscan Borers .. . oe e « 3. The Crustacean Borers ... . ee ee @ @ ( C Yee Wester Bonet e Cre eet Tarek @ Method of Detecting and Rating Borer Attacks . . . ia Waseem og oo la Gia lod BG oe5 CoG ° 2. Ratings for Evaluating Borer Attacks on Test BOER GG oO 6 OO O10 6 OG ONO oO Soo OO 6! 6 Illustrations of Borer Damage ..... «ee. Some Results of Test Board Research ..-. e . 1.. Prevalence and Destructiveness ... ee. 2. Reports on Treated and Untreated Wood .. Se eeVOLeCuTONTOm WOOCeMeHUs i alellcticltcle: fells e e e e Use of Narrative and Tabular Summaries .... i SoNarrativesSummariesiy jen Ke, Sie) tee Je, -e; Ye <6 eh eis) se. fe Se Ce) eke Set es ie ee Sew OO le 6 Ooo O:-- 16) (cu) 10: 160-8 ee 16. Oh > 8O., 76-18) NO. 9) sec es er ve. yee eet oer Meany Sptiaa( Yemer TP ut) O27 £810 16, 7 O. 7) Oa Se LO ey ues NOL ne) saat e@ -7a ea. le -Ler, “07 te) ie Je) Se: Sar wet eee: Ba 24 ee er. 8) 18 Be 5Os len ten Kas—@) se; cer Yer fet ie. te) -fel* ey: ce) ja. det: /e' ie) Seize eee (6) > eae ce Oo ke =) s'e— Lo Ese% Saye) er Ser seen erie SRO SO (Ora ake Oa Or eh ie, 210: Te (eS fey ie. 8 rer 8 les ie) 80, 9 @) COL Or SOL eee 6) eke iO elg* 6” ee ie. @) 6: ey oe 18) 8 e'e © @ © © © ® @ @ @ Section Page 48 - Pearl Harbor, Hawaii ° ° wane kve. e e e HOw= Palmyra TSland .. ee ee elie aN 50 Lot Wake Tsland e ° o e@ e e eo e e ve e e 51 - Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands ..... 52 - Menus Island, Admiralty Islands ......%.22e06- 2h3 53 - Espiritu Santo Island, New Hebrides dies ees tele Oes am en Peo Dia Noumea NOW iCatied OnT ai iis: sca s NS My bide: er deg. Se Roe nis We oR DO 55 - Okinawa, Southwestern Islands of Japan. ......-+.-. 253 Dop=brispane.. Australian ois aun) iets deine Wer inl a! & elms Se eens EDO Ditaar auckland, . News Zeadiandiiin, 500, oe douse Mb tees ie doe a Mg Ie a ee cere ee PART B TABULAR SUMMARIES OF MARINE BORER DATA FROM 160 HARBORS IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN, PACIFIC OCEAN, AND MEDITERRANEAN ARHA Area : Page Newfoundland . are cies , He .. 264 MOMEMS COL nani amine * apa col Gon ih, Bae U5, eRe eee tO New Bruns Ciheietaatilis i ke Rs eit OUP oie sR Ne he AUR Ne ait eee PATS gees eae Me Ue TE Sw ts Legale A i vr i lat, Oa Se Se AME OGD NG We HAIO SNA IS iter ete le gh orice! out iteh vee o Pees, Rote RR iene le MEGBACHUSE OLE Meee ai Ve (oh cath lari’ eeue salut eh tecate MG, Ceuteal Net ex aenmett Mictek OREN ROD SMES TELIA NMA Mn Menara he ue Marg reba. es ale aig NUON ano wen ohne omy ber Mee Bere cb Cub err mey leytin tele ace chia ego Cat eulky. ae Sege sell been Mies ye BOONE IiSei Aoi) SOG ay eo Sa ee CEM ME vant aa 1S 3) LISP CIGRSTEIER fae eee che CME) site oct Py a Sele MN le ey RRA cM NN Am, bat nT ie 503 OARS yi Ver lieben mPa eee i atta ig)0 o) Diel neh hiei bier ie ee ye) pu Wie Daten eituar eine ae 305 PER WEURC) be tic pee UA REG ey nrai' ahh oc tshd vo, tis ho Wan (Gosig iawn olla Net aaa ee 306 Bisa FUERA 25, cn ee aint ne T laugh is lls! Se ae ER AT, 8 AE AE AOS Brest ap enya es RR eRe ere tite 2°86 Qo shy cue Oe Gumi tS Nomen, Carol rn, |. ure Mpa an. shel es ORE Wau lie EG eR amc 00 Sioa ah [eEnaton bib oF mn ys hm: S eT OR. gels aN aa re Ri pe eM cis hone ae Mo 0)) Gaara age | Sete Peto tea em amime DS tas acl fo eeite a gid hat Aan a aaue Cae Pa PIRorre Tea iit + sides le lagi A oe Raut, neta AM akok, Re Lea ake: igs as og Ste, amp Ure Pete Mra We ah aoa nne ae eta the) oe Me eet oss whic, Go eee Oe abe Boru Me LOIS NecheK. 2el Le keep ae ATR em tome Ree ete CTE MRM SACRE. itoaein iter’ We: ssac'ctell! ah Wek Hath taciiistbsel Mee ale ae SSRN: o NER. ol a) aoe ee ezks ee ED RUOTEOM RUC OMY Rusk GISa I (racially a ee hnineih Ui ts Rae Ne tcl oR" Sea RAS ) IRON Sueaanea ED BBY yas ae ts Helig “i sh)s inane Seo de vel Siege a eS eis eA eke RLS dereulohlfenel | (c(h a ball) SON aR Ro PR Po ee a a a ere ee ct 2) MOS ZCI Otay r outles ish lon he eo he ME oh UR Na dota al OO ha ee eRe ars 314 EE EUATTIL S25 Ng, iy ols Dna Oe RR Rn ee a Revonah ti | vil Area Italy (Sicily) . Morocco . 4 Bhbroblf=plish win aa < Alaska ... . Washington . . Oregon... .« California .. Canal Zone. . Hawaiian Islands Wake Island .. Southwestern Islands Marshall Islands . . Admiralty Islands . New Hebrides Islands New Caledonia Australia .. New Zealand . O- @in 6) CO. 7O en 6 (ej) ie 6 (Os Oe a 58) + ae Figure 1 Limoria attack ee 8 e ee e «@ C= 0r Se He 0 26 a) ee ce Cee Seen, Yom Yemet Yoeu \oued Sieee Yee ) es 0 es 6 2:6) 6). fe a> eis a6) > 100 76: ~e@ ser Je ‘s e of Ja e408. 6 ev ee; Se). ‘48, 0. ea! eer 6 ees Sk 8. er /6 e 28s e@e a e@ @ ee oes 505 ee Ce ee ee ee BO 18: Set Serie S: <6 2-e") (0 Oe. 6° = o> 18> .@- 6) 2 es «8 LIST OF Cybaict Solos, tena Sac Vow et Yee) a, 85 0 - Jer e— a: “et <6 0) 0: ‘ea Ve> ten — 0). 8) 8 AO 8 0" ee 58, Her 0-65 6 Bl Ose Fe OL One Vem, Soumek Toes fies Yim ier Yorme( Youre lotiet Joey leat Suumac meet Wem, Sut Yorum ) ee tee: Ct © eee ef es see Se) ee es cie! el tee. 8"- e 28) ae © 8.5.8 8 ey 8 Se ae 6} er. Jet el eh der cere: 26 CW Waa )geoal ee 1 Soe een Been ILLUSTRATIONS OL, On (0-0) 8s 50> 6 e> et ee en ie et 8 aero) es e © @© © 8 @ @ Ci iet ooaet ) eet eet Vee Yeeay Jem, same in 1946 on test panel, Boston Harbor COS Sue Yireal Pater eae Yeuex feeuct Yoel beet Sieme( Tuba Yemen VSMC Jota lun eet 2 Limoria attack in 1947 on test panel, Boston Harbor .. . SOTO SEAS ESA eS) Sitka, Alaska ° ° e e an ue Teredinidae attack on untreated pile, Kodiak, Alaska Teredinidae and Limoria destruction of treated pile, Teredo attack in 1945 in test panel, Pensacola, Florida Bankia setacea attack on untreated pile, Kodiak, Alaska 8 Teredo in inside portion of treated pile, Sitka, Alaska , 9 Teredo destruction of untreated pile, Seattle, Washington 10 Teredo-riddled test panel, 120-day submergence, Seattle . ll feredinidae destruction of untreated ponderosa pile, 129-day submergence, Hunter's Point, California..... 12 Standard Test Board for Marine Borer Investigation viii Limoria and Teredinidae attacks, 1947, Pensacola, Florida. O90) ee, 6-0-0) Zep er a er 6) ep eee). a 6) PART A ANALYSIS OF TEST BOARD RESULTS Section 1 - GENERAL Al.0Ol1 Prevalence and Destructiveness of Marine Borers Test board data indicate that destructive marine borers are very widely distributed. Various species of borers have been found in most coastal waters, and it is probable that no port in any part of the world is entirely free from borer attack. Recent studies have brought to light the great influence of local conditions on borer activities, although sufficient data are not available to evaluate the particular effects of local factors, such as currents, depth of water, degree of salinity, temperature, and pollution. Thus it has been thought that in the tropics marine borers are not only more numerous but are more destructive, because it is a fact that they grow and breed more rapidly in warm waters. But recent studies in northern harbors show that the maximum possible rate of borer destruction in timber piling may occur in Newfoundland and Alaska as well as in locations near the equator. For example, sections of piles 12 inches to 15 inches in diameter have been totally destroyed by marine borers in six months or less in such widely separated areas as Alaska; Newfoundland; Nova Scotia; Fire Island, N. Y.3; Mayport, Fla.; Puerto Rico; and San Francisco, Calif. Lack of kmowledge of the presence of destructive marine organisms in a given area, or failure to anticipate the extensive damage that such borers can cause, doubtless accounts for many costly repairs which have been required on shipyard docks, launchways, ramps, piers, and various other structures. In some cases, wartime structures, hastily built and perhaps designed for only occasional or limited use, have been severely damaged by borers in only two or three years of service. In still other cases, large and costly structures built around 1941 for naval and other governmental uses, in this country and abroad, have been entirely destroyed by borer activities. The losses thus ; incurred run into many millions of dollars. The accumulation of data from the test board research program will, therefore, be of great economic as well as scientific value. Al.02 Destructive Species of Marine Borers 1. Definition. For centuries the terms "shipworm"” and "“pileworm" have been applied to various marine boring organisms, especially Teredo, which have been observed boring into wood submerged in salt water. In this report, the generic term "marine borer" is used to designate any of the several hundred species of marine invertebrates which bore into timber, low-grade concrete, soft stone, or other nommetallic materials in salt water. All of the important species of marine borers belong to one of two families: the mollusca, a phylum of the animal kingdom which includes the limpets, snails, oysters, clams, and cuttlefish; and the crustacean family, which includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimps. Adult borers considered in this report range in size from the minute to those approximately one inch in diameter and several feet in length. 2. The Molluscan Borers. The two important species of destructive mollusca are the Teredinidae, the most widely distributed and most destructive, including the well-known Teredo and important genera such as Bankia and Lyrodus; and the Pholadidas, a family of bivalve borers which includes some very destructive clam-like borers. Mollusca not’so well-known are the Martesia, Xylophaga, Lithodomus, Zirphae, and Petricola. a. The Teredinidas are generally found boring into timber, but have been observed working into asphalt, bakelite, neoprene, manila, - gisal, and various plastics. In their larval stage, Teredo navalis and kindred marine forms are free-swimming. This stage lasts, in the case of T. navalis, only one or two days, since they are expelled by the parent as fully developed embryos; whereas Bankia, spawned as minute eggs, roll around in the water from two to four weeks before their larval stage is over. During this period, the animal appears to be not too different from other bivalve larvae. At the end of this period, the larvae, now perhaps 1/4 mm in length, which lodge on suitable surfaces, develop into a quite different form and begin to burrow into the material. The body elongates into a worm-like shape of which only the head is covered by the hinged shells; the latter, edged with rows of microscopic denticles, _ now constitute the boring tool. The borer's tail is securely attached to the wall of the tunnel it is boring, close to the entrance. As the tunnel goes deeper into the material, the shells and body of the borer become longer and grow rapidly in diameter, some species attaining a diameter of 1/2 inch or’ more. Teredo longer than four feet have been reported; many two-foot specimens have been recently found. As boring progresses, the entrance hole does not increase much in size, a situation which imprisons the- borer in its tunnel, as the tunnel becomes partially lined with a lime deposit. Two fleshy siphons at the tail end of the borer, which permit it to take*in and expel water, may be extended as much as an inch from the entrance to the tunnel; or the borer may plug the tunnel at will with a pair of calcareous tail members called pallets. Thus the tunnel may be sealed, enabling the borer to withstand for some time the unfavorable conditions attendant upon removal to fresh water or into the open air. Thus the outside appearance of a piece of wood infested by marine borers is often deceptive: a piece that appears to be merely dotted with tiny entrance holes may in reality contain so many tunnels that only a web of wood remains. b. ho Pholadidae. The Pholads are a family of bivalve borers of which two genera, Martesia and Hiata, have been frequently _ found in wooden marine structures. Quite different from the Teredinidae, these small, flat, clam-like borers do not drill into wood much farther than the length of their shell, which is usually not over two inches. They make larger entrance holes than do the Teredinidae, however. As they burrow they, too, grow larger and imprison themselves in their own tunnels. Although found around the entire world, Pholads are prevalent in fewer numbers than are Teredinidas and Limoria and are consequently responsible for much less damage, even though their attack is more difficult to prevent. In this last connection, for example, it might ‘be noted that wood heavily impregnated with creosote has frequently been found badly damaged by Pholads although practically untouched by Teredinidas. 3. The Crustacean Borers. The crustacean borers, which are almost always found in tunnels in wood, include Sphaeroma, Chelura, and Limnoria. By far the most widely distributed and most destructive of these is Limmoria, which are numerous in almost all harbors, and are found in arctic as well as tropical waters. @. Sphaeroma, also widely distributed, is only occasionally responsible for the destruction of timber. ‘b. Chelura, until recently, has been considered at least as destructive in wood as Limnoria. Recent studies, however, seem to indicate that this species has been greatly overrated in its destructive abilities, possibly because Chelura are frequently discovered occupying abandoned Limnoria tunnels. c. Limnoria, most destructive of the crustacean borers, are only about 1/8 inch long. Their burrows are generally confined to the surface of the wood, or to a depth which seldom exceeds 3/4 inch. Although free to move about on wooden surfaces, they usually continue to burrow close to their starting point. Usually very numerous, and ~ living on the wood substance, they soon reduce the surface of the wood to a network of interlacing burrows which are readily eroded by movement of the water, thus enabling the borers to continue ah aie deeper into the wood. There are many examples of untreated piles which are being destroyed by Limnoria ,at the rate of one inch per year. Even heavily creosoted wood is not immune from attack by these ravenous animals, and it sometimes suffers serious damage. Limmoria retains its free-swimming ability throughout the adult stage, thus it is able to move, when disturbed, to a more congenial habitat. On piling, the attack is usually ; most intense from half tide to slightly below low tide. However, destructive attack has often occurred from the low-tide level down to the mud line, at depths that may reach 70 feet. Al.03 Method of Detecting and Rating Borer Attacks 1. Detection. Standard test boards, submerged at various depths and examined at regular intervals, are the most practical means thus far devised for detecting the various species of borers and/or fouling: organisms which occur in a given area. The severity of borer attacks is determined in accordance with a standard rating scale which ranges from "trace" to "very heavy." In this way valuable data have been accumulated from harbors all over the world on density of borer attack, rate of destruction, breeding seasons, distribution of the various species, length of life, rate of growth, and other significant factors relative to borer activity and destructiveness. Standard test boards (see paragraph Al.08) are now being operated by the William F. Clapp Laboratories at more than 500 locations along United States coasts. The information thus being collected and analyzed as to the habits and life histories of boring organisms is proving valuable to designers and builders of marine structures and to those responsible for the maintenance and protection of such structures. 2. Ratings for Evaluating Borer Attacks:on Test Boards. a. Severity of Attack. Study of data accumulated from a large number of test boards shows clearly that a mere count of the number of borers is not a true indication of the severity of their - attacks. It has been observed that many embryonic forms of species such as Teredinidas or Pholadidae do not develop sufficiently to do much damage. i This is true in the cold waters of Newfoundland and vicinity, where large numbers of embryonic Teredo. often occur, but die before they can embed themselves in the test boards. For this reason, it is concluded that in evaluating Teredinidae and Pholadidae attacks it is more useful to record the size and number of tunnels, that is, the degree of attack, than to count the exact number of borers. Thus 4 reading of even 500 minute pits would be recorded only as a "trace", from the standpoint of attack, if the borers which made the pits did not live to make destructive tunnels. Limnoria attacks, however, can be accurately rated by a careful count of the number of borings. b. Scale of Ratings. This scale is used as a general guide in evaluating the degree of attack on the standard test board (nine blocks or panels, 8-month basis) by three of the most destructive species of borers. Teredinidas Number of tunnels per block or panel ; Attack Rating Up to 5 Trace 6 to 25 Slight 26 to 100, or 25% filled. Moderate 101 to 250, or 50% fillea Medium Heavy Over 250, or 75% filled Heavy Filled, riddled, or destroyed Very Heavy Pholadidae Up to 5 Trace 6 to 20 Slight 21 to 50 Moderate 51 to 100 Medium Heavy 101 to 200 Heavy Over 200, filled, or riddled Very Heavy Limmoria Tunnels Surface Area Total No. Attack per _sq in. (sq in.) of Tunnels Rating e 1 132 132 . Trace 10 132 1,320 Slight 25 132 4,300 Moderate 50 132 6,600 Medium Heavy 1 132 9,900 , Heavy *100 132 13,200 Very Heavy *NOTE: Ratings of around 100 per sq in. indicate the maximum density beyond which it is impossible to count. Al.04 Illustrations of Borer Damage Figures 1 to 11, inclusive, have been selected from a large number in the files of the Clapp Laboratories in order to show the results of heavy attacks on test boards and piles which were exposed only 4 to 18 months each. One of the latter, shown in Figures 7 and 8, although electrolytic-copper-sulphate treated, was completely destroyed in 18 months, largely by Teredo. Figure 3 shows the results of the combined attacks during } months in 1947 by crustacean Limnoria and molluscan Teredinidae. This attack was much more severe than that on a similar panel submerged ’ in the same harbor at Pensacola, Florida, during 8 months in 1945; at that time Teredo attacks riddled the board, but there was very little evidence of Limnoria. Figure 1 A panel; grossly riddled by Limnoria, taken from a test board submerged for 8 months during 1946 near Pier No. 9 in Boston Harbor. : Figure 2 Another panel from a test board submerged in Boston Harbor for 8 months, this time in 1947. This panel also shows heavy infestation by Limoria. There is no evidence whatever of: Teredo. Figure 3 '. A badly damaged panel from a test board submerged for only 4 months in 1947 near Palafox St. Ferry Slip, Pensacola, Florida. Both ‘Limoria and Teredinidas have been busy here. A comparison with the panel of Figure l) will show that the attack in 4 months in 1947 in this harbor was worse than that of 8 months in 1945. _ Figure 4 A panel removed from a test board submerged in the vicinity of the Railroad Trestle, N.A.S. Pensacola, Florida, after 8 months' submergence in 1945. The damage was caused, in the main, by Teredo, there being little or no evidence of Limoria. 8 Figure 5 Portion of an untreated pile from the Tugbosat Dock, N.O.B. Womens Bay, Kodiak, Alaska. This portion was taken from near the mud line. A heavy attack of Bankia setacea has virtually shredded it. A slight Limnoria attack on the outer circumference is also evident. Figure 6 A split vertical section of an untreated pile from the Tugboat Dock, N.O.B. Womens Bay, Kodiak, Alaska. Pile has been ruined by a heavy attack of Teredinidae. Figure 7 Outside portion of a completely destroyed electrolytic-copper- sulphate treated pile from U.S.N.A.S., Sitka, Alaska. Pile had been in service 18 months. Most of the visible damage was caused by Teredinidae but Limnoria is also present in numbers. Figure 8 - Typical inside portion of the pile shown in Figure 7. Note that the pile has been completely riddled, with fwil-grown Teredo in plain view. 10 Figure 9 Sections of untreated piling from Pier No. 91, Seattle, Washington. It is plainly apparent that the pile has been ruined chiefly by Teredo, although there is evidence of a slight Limnoria attack around the outer periphery. Pile had been in service only 11 months. Figure 10 A panel removed from a test board at Pier No. 90, Seattle, Washington. Pile had been submerged 120 days. Most of the visible damage was done by heavy Teredo attack. A trace of Limmoria is also evident. ial Figure 11 Section of an untreated ponderosa pile taken from the Storage Boom Dolphin, Hunter's Point, California. Pile had been in service 129 days during 1943 and failed completely before! being removed. The destructiveness of Teredinidae is very well illustrated here. Al.05 Some Results of Test Board Research 1. Prevalence and Destructiveness. Accumulating test board data on marine borer infestation at many harbors form the basis for the following deductions regarding the effects of local conditions, the inhibiting effects of industrial pollution, and the favorable conditions found to exist in northern harbors. a. Effects of Local Conditions. In a given area, various local conditions besides temperature of the water may strongly affect the prevalence and destructive activities of borers. The individual effects of currents, degree of salinity, depth of the submerged structure, pollution (see the following paragraph), and other factors cannot be determined at present. However, it is mown that if certain species of borers are introduced into areas where they did not previously exist, and conditions prove favorable, the borers will thrive, multiply, and cause serious damage. b., Inhibiting Effects of Pollution. It has been observed that heavy pollution seems to prevent, or at least to minimize, the activities of marine borers. For example, after the removal of sewage from an area previously immune to Teredo attack, a heavy onslaught of the borers was observed. On the other hand, numerous sewer outlets made of wood have been totally destroyed by Teredo. As a general rile the factors unfavorable for borers arise from industrial wastes--acids and oils--rather than from domestic sewage. c. Favorable Conditions in the Arctic. As noted in paragraph Al.01, borer damage in northern harbors in Alaska, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia may be as rapid and severe as in southern waters. In general, low temperature of the water greatly reduces the rate of destruction by Teredinidae, but this is not true of Limoria. The latter is almost always present in the waters of many northern harbors, as, for example, at Kodiak, Alaska, where it was very active during the initial three months of a recent survey and became even more active later. Again, a trace of Limnoria was found in test blocks at Adak, Alaska, in each of four monthly examinations during the first part of 1948. 2. Reports on Treated and Untreated Wood. The observed results of using treated and untreated wood are summarized in a., b., and c. below for Sitka, Alaska, and Bremerton, Washington. A method for successfully repelling borer attacks on boat hulls is outlined in paragraph d. a. Summer-cut Sitka Spruce (with bark removed) was reported to be completely destroyed by Teredo action at Sitka, Alaska. However, the piling of the New Navy Dock at this location, which had been treated 13 with arsenious trioxide, copper sulphate, and zinc sulphate » Was reported to have remained sound. b. Electrolytic, open-tank treatment of piles by the use of copper sulphate, sulphuric acid, and other chemicals proved of no value against Teredo attack at Sitka, Alaska. Figure 7 and 8 show samples of piling treated by the above method which were completely destroyed in less than two years. c. At the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, it was found in 1944 that test boards made of Douglas fir, western hemlock, western white pine, and cedar were similarly filled or riddled by Bankia setacea. Whether the Douglas fir panels were of heartwood or sapwood, they were riddled by Bankia setacea, and were attacked by Limoria the same as were the other kinds of wood. 3. Protection of Wooden Hulls. In 1944 a method was developed at the U. S. Coast Guard Training Station, Mayport, Florida, to protect the hulls of wooden boats; marine borers were reported to have been eating away the keels of small boats in 12 to 18 months. ‘The new method was to install a l-inch worm shoe on the keel, with a layer of tar paper (commercial felt) between it and the keel. This was reported to repel marine borers for 90 to 120 days » ag the borers were reluctant to penetrate felt, and instead, bored horizontally along the worm shoe. Al.06 Use of the Narrative and Tabular Summaries The following paragraphs, 1 and 2, explain the use and wi Vaeaticn of the 56 narrative summaries which constitute PART A of this report, and of the tabular summaries at 160 world-wide locations which comprise — PART B. It should be noted that the chief limitation in the use of the tabular summaries arises from the fluctuations which may occur from time to time in the degree of attack by various borers at a given locality, — depending upon various conditions which favor or retard the eevee of the organisms. 1. Narrative Summaries. The narrative summary at a given location, as given in PART A of this report, conveys the best picture of the general trend of borer activity for the years reported. Some information given in the narrative summary cannot be shown in the tabular summary. Thus the narrative summary may indicate slight chance of attack by certain borers, while in other cases attack by Teredinidae, Limnoria, or other borers may be consistently more severe, or less severe. Fluctuations in attack, over a period of years, also are indicated, as are the local variations in attack at different parts of a given harbor, where salinity or other local conditions vary. 14 2. Tabulated Summaries. The tabulated summaries of PART B do not convey such detailed information. They are useful, however, in giving reliable, over-all data in convenient, tabulated form. The data cover upward of 230 test board locations at approximately 160 different harbors, mainly on the U. S. Atlantic coast, the Caribbean, and the Texas coast; some South American harbors (Venezuela and Brazil); the Mediterranean; the U. S. Pacific coast from Adak, Alaska, to the Canal Zone; some Pacific islands, Australia, and New Zealand. 3. Other Comprehensive Narrative Summaries. Further summaries of marine borer research results in many parts of the world will be found in Harbor Reports on Marine Borer Activity, a publication of the Bureau of Yards and Docks. Al.07 Applications of Continuous Research Program Some practical applications of the marine borer research program now.under way are summarized below. 1. Test board data have proved to be extremely valuable to writers of specifications for wharf construction in various Atlantic and Pacific harbors. 2. These data have been very useful in studying the fouling of intake tunnels, service pipe lines on government vessels, and ships' bottoms. 3. In harbors where hydrographic conditions and associated organisms are favorable for borers, test board data serve to warn the builders of marine installations that structural materials must be selected with great care. 4. Continuous research data have proved to be of inestimable value in the maintenance of marine structures. Thus a sudden borer invasion, or the probability of an increase in their destructiveness, can be quickly determined by studying recent test panels or traps. Heavy losses may be averted by making thorough inspections of. marine structures at intervals; test board data should be utilized-as warning Signals between such inspections. 5. In a given structure, the mere presence of marine borers of some kind does not necessarily prove that the structure is headed for complete destruction. More significant information is required, that is, a complete understanding of the true relationship of the borers present to borers in general. This can only be achieved by identifying. and classifying the borers in the structure under investigation. 15 Support BAR Ni Re q' 172" x wae G'- a LG. STEEL Wesep PANELS , AREQD. GX I2"X\" THICK, WHITE PINE DOUGLAS FIR OR OTHER SOFT, STRAIGHT GRAINED Woop, FREE FRom KnoTs. EACH PANEL To BE FASTENED To STEEL BAR WITH 2-3/a'5 X(3/44"LG CARRIAGE BOLTS $ METAL TAGS ; REaq'D. V2" x16 GA.X V¥%A"LG. STAMPED AS SHOWN WITH APPROPRIATE NUMBER OR |ES) 4 SYMBOL. FASTEN To PANELS WITH 2NAILS EACH WEIGHT OR AnICHOR TESTS To BE HUNG VERTICALLY IN FaIRLy DEEP WATER WITH LoweR END ABOUT 2’ ‘FRomM BoTrtom. PANELS To BE MouNTED ON Support Bar iN NUMERICAL ORDER, FoR MARINE BORER AS SHOWN, WITH PANEL MARKED INVE STIGAT ION "CC" Int CENTER. CABLE OR CHAIN NOTE: ALL HOLES IN STEEL BAR To BE Vic'd HoLes In Woon PANELS Te BE a"? P PAINTING STEEL BAR To BE SUITABLY PAINTED To PREVENT Corrosion. Woon PANELS MusT Not BE PAINTED. STANDARD TEST BOARD W.F CLAPP LABORATORIES lY Pew Figure 12 16 6. In summary, it may be said that at present there is only one gure method of determing in advance whether the timber structures in a given harbor may be attacked by destructive borers; this method is to expose test boards and to examine them monthly with great care. Thus the test board is a kind of radar system, warning us (a) when borer attack | is imminent, or (b) when borer attack is increasing or diminishing. In addition, it presents a sampling of the fouling organisms present. A continuous program of study, involving the use of successive panels of test boards, becomes a form of insurance against heavy losses in marine structures. Al.08 Method of Operating Standard Test Boards The. following description of standard test boards, and the succeeding specifications, paragraph A1.09, were furnished by the W. F. Clapp Laboratories. 1. A standard test board consists of a set of nine blocks or panels spaced two inches apart and bolted, screwed, or otherwise secured to a 2-in. supporting back strip of wood or to a metal bar (Figure 1k2)) 5 The specifications cali for the blocks to be 6 in. square by 4 in. thick, while those for the panels prescribe them to be Gane sbyelenein. by 1 in. thick. These “boards” are hung vertically in the water with the bottom suspended 2 feet above the mud line. They are usually suspended from some object fast in place (such as a wharf or pier), with a weight fastened.to the bottom to minimize the movement which may be caused by tides or currents. The four top panels, which are "test panels", are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. The fifth, or control panel, is not numbered. Below this in the series are four test panels mumbered 5, 6, 7, and 8. 2. At the end of the first month's exposure of the board, the No. 1 test panel and the control panel are removed for submission to the Laboratory; and a new No. 1 panel and control panel are installed. ‘At the end of the second month the No. 2 test panel, which has been submerged two months, and the control panel, which has been submerged one month, are removed and forwarded to the Laboratory; .and a new No. 2 panel and control panel are installed. At the end of each succeeding month's exposure each successively numbered panel and the corresponding control panel are removed and new panels instailed in their places, until the entire eight numbered panels have been removed and replaced, whereupon the cycle is repeated, beginning with the No. 1 panel. Thus, at the end of 8 monthe and at the end of each month thereafter, the numbered panel removed will have been submerged eight months and each control panel for only one month. By this method of removal and replacement of the test and control panels the test may be carried on for as long a period as desired. The control panels, which have been submerged for one month each, are of particular value since the 17 information derived from their examination makes it possible to determine the breeding season and the rate of growth or the various marine borers and other organisms which are active. 3. In some places where the marine borer attack has been unusually destructive it has been found impossible to leave the panels submerged as long as 8 months, as they are frequently more or less completely destroyed within this period of time or less. Increasing the. thickness of the panels from one to two, and even to four, inches has been tried. However, it was soon found that this did not increase their length of life since the thicker the wood used, the greater was the number of borers in the panels, so that the infestation was just as severe proportionately in the thicker panels as in the thin ones. Recourse was then had to using a board holding only 4 test panels and the control panel. By using this board, the period of submergence can be reduced from eight to four months. In a few locations, however, as at Mayport, Florida, it was found necessary to reduce the period of submergence to 3 months in order to have panels to remove that would not be completely destroyed. Al.09 Specifications and Procedure for Construction and Operation of Standard Test Boards for Marine Borer Investigation 1. A "Test Board" shall cénsist of an assembly of nine "test panels" mounted on a metal support bar as shown on accompanying sketch, Figure 12, entitled STANDARD TEST BOARD FOR MARINE BORER INVESTIGATION W. F. Clapp Laboratories TYPE 2 2. The support bar shall preferably be a 13" x ¢" x 6'-" long steel bar, although a steel pipe or any other suitable section will serve equally well if a bar is not available. Wood shall not be used for the support bar. 3. Test panels shall be 6" x 12" x 7/8" or 1" thick S.4.S, of comparatively light, soft wood, preferably pine, and shall be straight- grained and free from knots. 4, Each panel shall be numbered in a manner which will be permanent. A metal tag, stamped with the appropriate number or symbol, and fastened to the panel by means of 2 nails, shall be used. If metal 18 tags are of copper, they shall be fastened to the panels with copper nails. 5. The support bar shall be suitably painted to prevent corrosion. The wood test panels must not be painted nor treated with any other coating or preservative. 6. A suitable anchor shall be suspended from the lower end of support bar to hold the test board in place. 7. Panels shall be arranged on the support bar in numerical order beginning at the top with panel number one, except that panel marked "C" shall be placed between panels number 4 and 5. 8. Test boards shall be placed in protected locations where they will not be subjected to damage by vessels, or exposed to theft. They shall be submerged with the lower end approximately 2 feet above the mud line. 9. At the end of the first month after panels are submerged, the set shall be taken from the water and Panel No. 1 and the "Control Panel” marked "C" shall ‘be removed. A new panel marked No. 1 shall be fastened to the support bar in the same position as that occupied by the original No. 1 panel, likewise a new control panel marked "C" shall take the place of the control panel "C" which had been removed. 10. The test boards shall be kept out of the water the minimum time practicable for the removal and replacing of panels, in order that marine organisms on the panels may not be damaged or killed by long exposure to air. 11. The foregoing procedure shall be followed at regular monthly intervals by removing and replacing the "C" panel and the numbered panels in successive order; i.e., No. 1 at the end of the first month, No. 2 at the end of the second month, etc. The test shall not stop with the eighth panel, but shall continue until notice to discontinue is received. 12. Panels removed in accordance with paragraph 9 shall not be cleaned, but shall be wrapped in several thicknesses of heavy paper and properly packaged for shipment or mailing. In each package a penciled note shall be included giving location of test and date when panels were removed. 13. Panels shall be forwarded, prepaid, to: W. F. Clapp Laboratories Duxbury, Massachusetts 19 14, When a test board is first installed at any given location, the following information shall be forwarded to the Clapp Laboratories and a carbon copy of letter sent to the Office of Naval Research, and one to the cognizant Bureau or Agency. (a) Date when installed. (b) Depth of water. (c) Range of tide. (d) Statement regarding degree of pollution. (e) Temperature of water. (f) Strength of current if it is kmown or can readily be determined. — 15. When any changes in above data occur, they shall be noted in subsequent letters of transmittal accompanying panels sent to laboratories. 16. mm in 9 months and 23 mm in 4 months on the ‘test oneal of Test Boards 1 and 2, respectively. One control eee was 50% covered; 7 test panels on Test Board No. 1 were from 50% t covered after 8 months' submergence, while 12 panels on Test Boal No, 2 were from 50% to 100% covered, some after only 4 months' submergence. Amphipods (Corophium) occurred on a single control panel and on 3 of the test panels of Test Board No. 1, while on Test Board No. 2, they occurred on only 2 of the test panels. A maximm of 400 were recorded on a single test panel of the first board. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks), Miscellaneous mollusks occurred occasionally on the panels of both test boards. A few specimens of Mytilus (missels) occurred on 3 of the test panels of Test Board No. 1, and on only one test panel of Test Board No. 2, A few specimens of Anomia (jingle-shells) were recorded on a single control panel and on 6 test — panels of Test Board No. 2. A few specimens of Ostrea (oysters) occurred on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 1,’ and on 3 test panels of Test Board No, 2, A maximm diameter of 77 mm was recorded after 4 months! sub- _ mergence, Chordata (tuni tunicates). Twmicates occurred more or less abundantly on ih control panels and on 6 test panels of Test Board No. 1, also on 10 control panels and on 27 test panels of Test Board No. 2. Botryllus schlosseri was the most numerous of these tunicates, but Molgula and ascidians also were identified. Al4,05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Test boards of the panel type, installed June 16, 194], at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard at Portsmouth, Virginia, and July 5, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Operating Base at Norfolk, Virginia, are still being operated. The results of these tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. Pye Tost Results. a. Borers. The activity of the Teredinidae differed markedly at the two locations. At the Norfolk Naval Shipyard at Portsmouth the attack attained peak ratings of moderate in 1944 and 1945, but rated only slight in 1946 and 1947. At the U. S, Naval Operating Base at Portsmouth, however, the attack rated very heavy each year. No evidence of Limoria was recorded at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard at Portsmouth, and the attack at the U. S. Naval Operating Base at Norfolk rated only a trace in 1944 and 1946; no Limoria appeared in 1945 and 1947. b. Fouling Organisms, Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 6 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter comprised hydroids and Metridium, encrusting Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles and amphipods, nonboring mollusks, and tunicates. Of these borers, hydroids and barnacles occurred with the greatest frequency; Metridium, encrusting Bryozoa, and serpulid worms occurred with less frequency; while the occurrence of the others, as well as the algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. The Teredinidas attack was rated as slight in 1948 and very heavy in 1949, at the first location, There were no Limoria recorded at this location either year. At location No. 2, the Teredinidae attack registered heavy in 1948 and very heavy in 1949. There were no Limoria at the second location in 1948 and only a trace in 1949. 69 Section 15 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA -- U. S. NAVAL BASE Al5.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Boards Five test boards of the panel type were installed July 1, 1944, at three different locations at or near the Charlestan Naval Base at Charleston, South Carolina. The locations and symbols used to designate these test boards are listed as follows: Symibol Location USNC-1 Pier 317-C -- lower board USNC-1U Pier 317-C -- upper board USNC-2 Deperming Station (Pier 320) lower board USNC-2U Deperming Station (Pier 320) upper board USNC-3 Custom House Pier As the experience in this locality indicated greater damage from marine borers in timber structures between the elevations of mean low water and moan high water than at lower depths, it was decided to install upper and lower boards at two locations. Thus, at Pier 317-C and at the Deperming Station (Pier 320), 2 sets of test boards were hung, one above the other. The upper boards, which were suspended with the top elevation at mean low water, have the letter "U" after the panel numbers and are so designated in the board symbols. The lower boards at these two locations were suspended so that the bottom of the lower genie was 2 ft above the mud line, The depth of water at the U, S, Naval Fleet Landing being insuf- ficient to cover the board at low tide, it was decided to make the in- stallation of test board USIW-3 at the adjacent Custom House Pier. Permission was granted by the U. S. Engineers Office,. Charleston, South Carolina, to make this installation. The current and the corrosive action of the water caused failure of the cable supporting Test Board USNC-1 at Pier 317-C, and the board was lost after the last of the first series of. panels was removed and replaced, This board was replaced by a new board on March 3, 1945. At the same time, the cables holding the other boards were renewed so as to prevent the loss of these boards. The test boards installed at the 70 Deperming Pier were carried away in May 1946, when a ship fouled the pier, and new boards were then installed at this point. The results from these test boards, the operation of which is still being continued, have been summarized to the end of 1947. A15.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water at Pier 317-C, where Test Boards USNC-1 and USNC-1U are located, was given as 28.7 ft; that at the Deperming Pier (320), where Test Boards USNC-2 and USNC-2U are located, as 37.6 ft; and that at the Custom House Pier, where Test Board USNC-3 is located, as 10.3 ft. The mean range of tide was given as 5.2 ft. The current velocity observations were made at the Charleston Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., located about one-half mile above the Custom House Pier. These observations showed velocities ranging from a maximm of 2.97 miles per hour out in the Cooper River to 0,5. mile per hour at inshore loca- tions comparable to those velocities of the test board installations. The maximum current velocity at the Deperming Station is probably in excess of 3 miles per hour, and along the outside face of Pier 317-C it is at least 3 miles per hour, with strong eddy currents prevailing between the piles where the test board is located. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was given as approximately 82° F. Analysis of the water subsequently submitted show that the bacterial content is high in coliform organisms, This condition was expected to continue, because raw sewage and other waste matter was continually being dumped into the Cooper River by the various commmities along it, including the city of Charleston. At Pier 317-C the chloride cotent of the water was given as 4,400 mgm per liter and the pH reading as 7.7. At the Deperming Station the chloride content was given as 6,500 mgm per liter and the pH as 7.9; at the Custom House Pier the chloride content was given as 10,700 mgm per liter and the pH as 7.9. Al5.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae occurred irregularly in the control panels at each of the five locations, but their breeding season was limited to May through September, October, or November at the different locations. Maximum lengths of 11, 11, 40, 12, and 45 mm were recorded in USNC-1, USNC,1U, USNC-2, USNC-2U, and USNC-3, respectively. One of the control panels in USNC-2 was 30% filled with Teredinidae. Teredinidae,. including Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and Tf. (Lyrodus) sp. were active at all locations except USNC-1U throughout most of the period covered by the test. In USNC-1 at Pier 317-C, several test panels were filled or riddled with specimens up to 240 mm in length, In USNC-2, which was sub- merged at the lower depth at the Deperming Station, the mjority of the test panels were filled or riddled with specimens up to 300 mm in length. 71 In USNC-3, submerged at the Custom House Pier, the majority of the test panels were filled or riddled with specimens up to 240 mm in length, At all these four locations the attack by Teredinidae was rated as very heavy, especially so in the case of the lower board at the Deperming Station and the one at the Custom House Pier, In USNC-1U, with the top submerged to mean low water at Pier 317-C, the maximm attack by Teredinidae rated only slight; no panel showed more than 1 to 10 speci- mens, and the greatest length recorded was 16 m, 2. Limoria. In contrast to the Teredinidae, Limoria in general showed little or no activity at most of the locations. In USNC-1, submerged at the lower depth at Pier 317-C, only a single specimen was recorded oh a control panel submerged in June 1947 » and none was recorded on any of the test panels. No evidence of Limoria was recorded on the upper test board at this location, or om either of the 2 test boards at the Deperming Station. However, Limmoria showed more or less activity at the Custom House Pier throughout most of the period covered by the test. It occurred in 24 of the 42 control panels, but only on those panels sub- merged during the months from April through November, The number of tumnels recorded in the control panels ranged from 1 to 40, Limmoria occurred in all except 2 test panels submerged from July 1944 through June 1946, and again in all panels removed from March through July 1947, after having been submerged for 8 months. The attack rated from only a Pree. slight most of the time, but attained a rating of moderate late in 1945. : A15.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on practically all of the panels at all locations, the deposits on the control panels ranging from traces to light, or rarely moderate, and deposits on the test panels ranging from traces to moderate, with a heavy deposit on one panel, 2. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred on most of the control panels at all locations and on all of the test panels except — one at all locations. The growths on the control panels ranged from traces to light or rarely moderate or heavy, while the growths on the test panels ranged from traces to moderate, rarely heavy, or very heavy. Tubularia was the form identified most frequently; Pennaria tiarella also occurred. Moetridium, a member of a different group of Coelenterata, also occurred, Bryozoa (encrust and filamentous), Encrusting Bryozoa. occurred on occasional panels at all five locations. They were recorded on 5 control panels and 7 test panels of the lower board at Pier 317-C; on 3 test panels of the upper board at Pier 317-C; 72 on 2 control panels and 4 test panels of the lower board at the Deperming Station; on 4 control panels and 2 test panels of the upper board at the Deperming Station; ana on 10 control panels and one test panel of the test board at the Custom House Pier. Electra crustulenta and Electra sp. were the only forms identified. A trace of filamentous Bryozoa was recorded on @ single control panel of the lower board at the Déperming Station. c. Annelida (marine worms), Traces of serpulid (Serpula) worms occurred on a single test panel of the lower test board at Pier 317-C3; om 3 panels of the lower test board at the Deperming Station; and on 7 test panels of the test board at the Custom House Pier, The maximm number on any one of the latter was 25 and the maximm length attained was 15 mm, d. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (bernacles) developed profusely and with great regularity at all five locations, occurring on nearly all the control panels at each location, and on all except one of the test panels. They developed on the control panels during every calendar month of the year, attaining maximm diameters of 7, 8, 11, 8, end 8 m, respectively, on the control panels of the five different test boards, in the order named, On the test panels they attained maximm diameters of 14, 13, 22, 18, and 23 mm on the different test boards, respectively. From 13 to 25 control panels and from 23 to 39 test panels of the 5 test boards, respectively, showed from 50% to 100% of the surface covered. Amphipods (including Corophium and Gammarus) occurred sporadi- cally at all five locations, They occurred on 6 control panels and one test panel of the lower test board at Pier 3517-C; on 3 control panels and 14 test panels of the upper test board at this Pier; on 8 control panels and 15 test panels of the lower test board at the Deperming Station; on 11 control panels and 14 test panels of the upper test board at this Station; and on 7 control panels and 9 test panels of the test board at the Bee House Pier. The greatest number recorded on any one panel was 600, e, Mollusca (nonboring mollusks), Miscellaneous mollusks occurred sporadically on the panels of the test boards at all five loca- tions. Mytilus (mussels) occurred on a single control panel of the lower test board at Pier 317-C; on one each of the control and test series of the upper test board at this Pier; on 2 control panels and 14 test panels of the lower test board at the Deperming Station; on 2 caomtrol panels and 4 test panels of the upper test board at this Station; and on 10 test panels at the Custom House Pier, In most cases the numbers were few, but as many as 1,500 were recorded on a single test panel of the lower test board at the Deperming Station, Maximum lengths of 1} mm on a control panel, and of 18 mm on a test panel, were recorded. 13 ' Ostrea (oysters) occurred on 2 test panels of the lower test board at Pier 317-C; on a single test panel of the lower test board at the Deperming Station; on 2 test panels of the upper test board at this Station; and on 3 control panels and 10 test panels of the test board at the Custom House Pier. The specimens were mostly few in number; on a control panel, as many as 60 juvenile specimens were recorded on the test board at this Pier. The mximm diameter recorded on a test panel was 22 mm. : Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on a single test panel on the lower test board at the Deperming Pier; on 3 of the test panels of the upper test board at this Pier; and on 2 of the control panels of the test board at the Custom House Pier, The greatest number on any one panel was 10. A few specimens of Astyris lumata occurred on a single panel each, of the control and test series of the lower test board at the Deperming Station, and on 2 of the test panels of the test board at the Custom House Pier. Ten specimens of Cardium (cockle) and 8 unclassified specimens in the family Cardiidae were recorded on 2 of the test panels of the test board at the Custom House Pier. : f. Chordata (tunicates), A few colonies of tmicates occurred on a single panel each of the control and test series on the lower test board at the Deperming Station, and on a single control panel and 6 of the test panels at the Custom House Pier, The only forms identified were Botryllus schlosseri and Molgula sp. ; Ald.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Five test boards of the panel type, installed July 1, 1944, at three different locations at or near the Charleston Naval Base, Charlestom, South Carolina, are still being operated. The results of these tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers, Teredinidae were active at all three locations throughout most of the period covered by the test. Their breeding season started in May and did not last beyond September, October, or November. . The attack rated very heavy in the lower test board at Pier 317-C, in both of those at the Deperming Station, and in the one at the Custom House Pier, In fact, it was especially heavy in the lower test board at the Deperming Pier and in the board at the Custom House Pier. In the upper test board at Pier 317-C, however, the maximum attack rated only slight. In contrast to the Teredinidae, Limmoria in general showed little or no activity at most locations. In the lower test board at Pier 317-C only a single specimen of Limmoria was recorded on one of the control panels, and there was no evidence of any on either of the 2 test boards at the Deperming Station. At the Custom House Pier, however, Limoria showed more or less activity throughout the period covered by 74 the test. The attack rated from a trace to slight most of the time but attained a rating of moderate late in 1945. b. Fouling Organisms, Silt and invertebrate animals belonging to 6 phyla contributed to the fouling of the panels, The latter comprised hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, marine worths, barnacles and amphipods, miscellaneous nonboring mollusks, and tunicates, Of these organisms, the hydroids and barnacles occurred with great frequency and regularity, while the occurrence of the others was more or less sporadic. 3. Recent Addenda. On the lower board at Pier 317-C, there was a moderate attack by Teredinidae in 1948 but only a trace in 1949. No Limmoria were present either year. No borers of either kind were recorded during these years on the upper board at this pier. The Teredinidae attack was very heavy in 1948 and 1949 on the lower board at the Deperming Station, but no Limoria at all were recorded here sither year, On the upper board at , this location there was a moderate attack by Teredinidae each year, but again no Limoria at all. At the Custom House Pier the attack by Teredinidae was very heavy in both 1948 and 1949. There was a trace of Limoria present each year also. 13 Section 16 COCKSPUR ISLAND, GEORGIA -- U. S. NAVAL RECEIVING STATION Al6.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type was installed on August 31, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Receiving Station, on Cockspur Island near the mouth of the Savannah River, about 14 miles south of Savannah, Georgia. This test board was designated by the symbol USNSG-1. No information was given as to its exact location. The operation of this test board was discontinued after the last panels were removed on June l, 1945, because of the decommissioning of this Station. Al6.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 30 ft; the tidal range was 7 ft; the maximum velocity at both ebb and flood tide was 5 knots. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 65° F, The water at this point was reported to be heavily polluted. A16.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Benkia gouldi, occurred in 4 of the 8 control panels. There were 3, 10, and 200 ee individuals, respectively, in 3 of these 4 panels, while in the fourth there were 2,640, with lengths up to 50 mm; the latter panel, the first to be removed, had inadvertently been left submerged for ax months. The breeding season at this location appears to be from April through November. The 8 test panels all showed an extremely severe attack by Bankia gouldi. These panels had been submerged on August 31, 1944, ‘and the first panel was left submerged for 2 months, instead of the usual one month. One block was removed at the end of each succeeding month, so that the last one was submerged 9 months. The test board record given in the following table shows the extreme rapidity with which this marine borer attacked and destroyed the test panels. 76 Months panel Number of borers, or was submerged degree of attack 817 1,320 well-filled riddled riddled riddled riddled completely . destroyed 2 b) 4 D 6 7 8 9 The attack by Teredinidae at thie Station was so severe that the use of panels 2 inches thick was recommended. 2. Limoria. In contrast to the extremely severe attack by Teredinidae at this Station, Limnoria were almost completely lacking; only the last one of the control panels was attacked, and this panel contained only 4 tunnels. A16.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred as traces or light deposits on all the control panels and as light or sometimes heavy deposits on all the test panels. 2. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids and Metridium). Hydroids occurred as traces on all the control panels, and as traces or light growths on all the test panels except the last one, where only a small piece was left. Metridium, a member of a different group of Coelenterata, oc- curred on 2 of the 8 control panels and on 4 of the 8 test panels. b. Bryozoa (encrusting). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred only on the first 4 of the 8 test panels that were submerged from 2 to 5 months. Electra crustulenta and Electra sp. were identified. c. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred in great abundance on all the control panels and on 5 of the 8 test panels. Three of the control panels were 80%, 90%, and 100% covered, respectively, and 4 of the test panels were completely covered. Lil Meximum diameters of 6 mm were attained on the control panels, while on the test panels the maximum diameter recorded was only 5 mm after 8 months' submergence. Amphipods (Corophium) occurred only on the first 2 panels of both the control and test series, there ‘being from 100 to 200 individuals on each of these panels. ad. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Mytilus (mussels) occurred on both the first 3 control and test panels, and also on one of the test panels removed later. The maximm growth recorded was a length of 5 mm in one month and 8 mm in 2 months. ; e. Chordata (tunicates). Tunicates were found on one of the control panels and on 2 of the test panels, to the extent of 5 to 15 colonies. The only one identified was Botryllus schlosseri. A16.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type was operated at the U. S. Naval Receiving Station on Cockspur Island, in the Sevanneh River 14 miles south of Savannah, Georgia, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and fouling agents occurring at this location. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active throughout the period covered by the test and proved extremely destructive, riddling panels in as short a period as 5 months. The attack was so destructive that the use of panels 2 inches thick was recommended. In contrast to the extremely severe Teredinidae attack at this Station, Limmoria were almost completely lacking. b. Fouling Orgeni . Silt and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla were found to contribute to the fouling of the panels. The latter comprised hydroids, encrusting Bryozoa, barnacles and amphipods, mussels, and tunicates. Of these organisms, hydroids and barnacles occurred most frequently; the others were rather sporadic in occurrence. 78 Section 17 MAYPORT, FLORIDA -- U. S. COAST GUARD TRAINING STATION Al17.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type was installed on June 8, 1944, at what was then the U. S. Naval Auxiliary Air Station, but is now the U. S. Coast Guard Training Station, at Mayport, Duval County, Florida. This Station is located on the south bank of the St. Johns River, near its mouth and about 22 miles from Jacksonville. The test board is submerged under the main dock at the southwest corner of a dredged turning basin, ‘in a part of Ribault Bay that is least affected by tidal flow. It is approximately 4,000 ft from the St. Johns River proper, and approximately 1t miles from the Atlantic Ocean, or about ak nautical miles from the end of the chamel jetties projecting into the ocean at the mouth of the river. The turning basin is roughly rectangular in shape, approximately 2,250 ft wide by 3,000 ft long. Access to the St. Johns River is gained by an entrance channel approxi- mately 750 ft wide by 900 ft long, situated at the northeastern corner. This channel, as well as the greater part of the turning basin, is 35 ft deep in its central portion. This test board is well protectéd from storms. Because it was not practical to install the test board near untreated piling, as requested, it was suspended underneath a wooden dock, the piling of which had been submerged since December 1941, and was covered by a thin barnacle coating. Marine borers were reported to be very active at this location, and keels of boats were said to have been eaten away in a 12- to 18-month period. In 1944 the method used to protect vessels at this activity was to install a one- inch worm shoe on the keel and to insert one thickness of commercial felt (tar paper) between the worm shoe and the keel. It has been observed that this method successfully repels marine borers for a period of 90 to 120 days. The borers are reluctant to penetrate felt and will eat horizontally along the worm shoe instead of eating the felt. This method has proven highly satisfactory on all types of small boats, up to and including the 63-footers. A17.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water at the location where the test board was installed was 19 ft at half tide; the tidal range was approximately 64 ft; the velocity of the current was approximately one-half knot, caused solely by eddies from ebb and flow of tide. 2 1. Water Temperature. The temperature of the water in the turning basin at the time of installation was 72° F, but it was given as 80° F on June 15, 1944. Further data on the water temperatures are tabulated below. It is apparent from a study of the table that the temperature of the water within the turning basin varies within con- siderable limits in different months of the year, and also during the same season in different years. During the approximately 34-year period of the test, the greatest range of water temperature was from 50° F in January to 86° F in September, October, and November of 1945. The following record of temperature of the water in degrees F, based on readings taken at various times each month, shows the general . range at this location. Month 19hh 19k: 1946 19 1948 January 50 75 63.9 64 ‘February 55 75 50.9 64.4 March 63 68 58.4 April 70. 68 72.0 May 75 68 74.7 June 72-80 8h. -- 77.0 July =-- 8h 80.6 79.9 August -- 84 80.4 -- September -- 86 77.8 -- October -= 86 Dr. 76 November == 86 63.9 68 December 55 75 63.5 -- 2. Salinity. The salinity of the water in the turning basin varies considerably, ranging from 15 to 32 parts of dissolved salts per thousand. The maximum range is slightly lower than the reading taken from the surf, which, in June 1944, was 34 to 35 parts per thousand. The . palinity of the water is affected by the tides and winds, as certain combinations of these elements will force considerable river water into the basin. 3. Pollution. The water at this location appears to be reasonably free from pollution, but an analysis shows Bacillus coli present. The two samples tested in June 1944 showed 4,800 and 3,400 colonies per cc., respectively. A17.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia gouldi and Teredo sp., were very active throughout the period covered by the test. The attack at this location was so severe that it was found impossible to maintain for the usual 8-month period the 12-in. x 6-in. x l-in. panels used in the test. In August 1944, it was requested that the original panels be removed and replaced with new ones,2 inches thick. 80 This new series was started in December 1944. However, the attack continued to be as severe as before, and it appeared that even a 2-in. panel was not sufficiently thick to carry a test through 8 months. It was therefore requested on March 23, 1945, that blocks 4 inches thick be used. Increasing the thickness of the panels did not solve the problem, however, because it was soon discovered that the attack was just as destructive to the thicker blocks. The more wood present, the greater became the number of borers infesting the panels, so that the attack was just as severe proportionately in the thicker panels as in the thinner ones. As increasing the thickness of the panels did not prolong their life, it was decided to shorten the period of submergence and infesta- - tion to which the panels had been exposed. Consequently, on November 6,_ 1945, it was requested that the panels be removed and replaced by a new series operated on a 4-month basis, instead of on the 8-month basis which previously obtained. This change was made later the same month. However, it was found that even after the period of submergence was reduced to ik months, the destruction of the panels was too rapid to permit making accurate analyses; so in December 1946, this period was further reduced, : following the decision that 3 months was the longest practical period of Bubmergence. Teredinidae occurred in 335 of the 41 control panels, ranging from minute pits or embryonic specimens to specimens up to 65 mm in length. One of these panels, submerged for only one month, was filled, and another was riddled. The breeding season extends from March 9 to December 20, but in 1946 and 1947, it continued until February 20. It is clearly apparent that the growth attained by the sets of Teredinidae that develop during the months which have warmer water temperature is much greater than the growth of those borers which develop at either limit of the breeding season. Teredinidae occurred in all except one of the 47 test panels, the exception being a panel that was removed during a change in panel series, after having been submerged for only 6 days. Maximum lengths of 60 mm were recorded in one month, 95 mm in 2 months, and 240 in 3 months. Hight of these panels were filled; 9 were riddled; 12 were more or less completely destroyed, although few had been left submerged for more than 3 or 4 months. The attack rated very heavy each year, including 1944, 2. Limmoria. Idimmoria were more or less active throughout the period covered by the test but never occurred in particularly descruc- tive numbers. They occurred on 24 of the 41 control panels but not on any control panel prior to October 8, 1944. The largest number on any one of these panels was 250. Tamora occurred on 22 of the 47 test panels. Their occurrence, even here, was irregular and sporadic, the attack rating from none to a trace most of the time. However, they attained a low moderate peak in a panel removed on August 11, 1945, after 8 months' submergence, and rated as slight on 4 of the panels removed from July 20 to October 20 in 1947, after 3 months' submergence. E's 81 3. Pholadidae (Hiate and Martesia). Pholadidae also were more or less active throughout mich of the period covered by the test. They occurred in 7 of the 41 control panels but were only embryonic or minute except in one panel, inadvertently left submerged for 2 months, . where lengths up to 10 mm were recorded. One of these panels was re- corded as containing 95 to 100 minute Teredinidae and Pholadidae per sq in., 6,600 in all. In the test panels, Pholadidae occurred in 14 of the 47, the greatest length recorded being 12 mm after 3 months' submergence. The largest number recorded in any one of these panels was 75 to 100, these ranging up to 4 mm in diameter after 2 months' submergence. However, 4 panels were more or less completely destroyed, presumably by the combined attacks of Teredinidae and Pholadidae, so that it was impossible to make exact counts of the numbers of either of these organisms. The occurrence of the Pholads was irregular and sporadic in both the control and test panels. They were recorded in only one test panel from August 11, 1945 to July 20, 1947, but 7 of these panels were destroyed and could not be read. In a few of the panels where Pholads were recorded, it was difficult to evaluate their number and importance. The Pholad attack appears to have rated medium heavy in 1944 and 1947, and moderate in 1945 and 1946. It probably would have been heavier had it not been for the rapidity with which the Teredinidae destroyed the panels. A17.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all except one of the 41 control panels and on 40 of the 47 test panels. So little was left of the other,7 panels that it was impossible to identify silt, or much else in the way of fouling organisms. The deposits ranged usually from traces to moderate on the panels of both series, becoming heavier after the middle of 1946. 2. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred on 27 of the 41 control panels and on 35 of the 47 test panels. The growths rated mostly as traces on the control panels, and as traces or light on the test panels. Tubularia was the only form identified. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred more or less abundantly on 15 of the 41 control panels and on 22 of the i7 test panels. Two control panels were covered; and of 6 of the test panels, 4 were 25%, 30%, 50%, and 90% covered, and 2 entirely covered. Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra sp., and Schizoporella unicornis were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa - 82 occurred more or less abundantly on 7 of the’#1 control panels and on 10 of the 47 test panels. One of the control panels was covered. Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, and B. sp. were identified. c. Annelida elid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 5 of the 41 control panels and on 10 of the 47 test panels, the maximum on any test panel being 100. ad. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred on 34 of the 41 control panels and on 43 of the 47 test panels. Maximum diameters of 12 mm were recorded on the control panels, and of 18 m on a test panel after 3 months' submergence. Six of the control panels were from 25% to 100% covered, and 25 of the test panels were from 20% to 100% covered. Barnacles, which developed every month of the year at Mayport, may cover panels within a short period at any season of the year. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally on the panels as follows: Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 3 of the panels of both the control and test series, the largest number on any one of the latter panels being 25; Mytilus (mssels) occurred on 2 control panels and on 3 test panels, the maximm on any one of the latter panels being 20; Ostrea (oysters) occurred on a single control panel and on 8 test panels, the largest number ‘on any one panel being 35. A length of 38 mm was recorded on a test panel submerged for 7 months. A solitary specimen of Musculus lateralis occurred on one of the control panels. A17.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type installed at the U. S. Coast Guard Training Station at Mayport, Florida, on ‘June 2, 1944, is still being operated. The results of this test have ‘been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active and destructive throughout the period covered by the test. Increasing the thickness of the panels did not prolong their life; and in order to prevent their vninterpretable destruction, it was found necessary to reduce the period of submergence to,3 months. Even control panels submerged for a single month were sometimes filled or riddled. The attack rated very heavy each year, including 1944. Limnoria were more or less 83 active throughout the period covered by the test, but never occurred in particularly destructive numbers. Their occurrence was irregular and sporadic. The attack rated from zero to 4 trace most of the time, but it did attain a low moderate peak in 1945, and rated slight in 1947. Pholadidae, also, were more or less active throughout much of the period covered by the test, and their occurrence also was irregular and sporadic. Their attack was difficult to evaluate because of the rapid and often complete destruction of the panels by Teredinidae, but appears to have rated medium heavy in 1944 and 1947, and moderate in 1945 and 1946. : : b. Fouling Organisms. Silt and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter comprised hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles, and miscellaneous nonboring mollusks. Of these organisms, barnacles occurred with the greatest frequency and abundance. Hydroids also occurred most frequently, encrusting Bryozoa occurred less frequently, and filamentous Bryozoa and serpulid worms occurred much less frequently, while the occurrence of the other worms was merely .- occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. Panels removed from the board at this station in 1948 and 19149, were riddled with Teredinidae. lLimnoria reached the low moderate rating in 1948 and attained a rating of medium heavy the following year. Section 18 KEY WEST, FLORIDA -- U. S. NAVAL SUBMARINE BASE A18.01 Location of the Test Stations and Test Boards Two test boards of the panel type were installed June 7, 1944, at what was formerly the U. S. Naval Operating Base, but is now the U. S. Naval Submarine Base, at Key West, Florida. One board, designated as USNK-1, was placed on the inboard side of Pier "B" at the Naval Base; the other, designated as USNK-2, was placed on the outboard end of the Section Base. It was impossible to place either test board near untreated piling, so they were placed at what were considered to be the most suitable positions. In the case of board USNK-1, the position selected along the inboard side of Pier B, just off the edge of the pier, was 6 ft from the nearest reinforced concrete pile. Board USNK-2 was placed immediately to the right of the center of the outboard (west) end of the Section Base. This position is 5 ft from some treated wood fender piling. On November 20, 1945, a new series of panels was installed on both test boards, and the period of submergence was reduced from 8 to 4 months because of the destructiveness of marine borers at this locality. The operation of these test boards is being continued. The results have been summarized to the end of 1947. A18.02 Hydrographic Data 1. Test Board No. 1 (USNK-1). The depth of water where this test board was installed was 12 ft; the tidal range (general average) was 1.80 ft; the current was approximately 0.80 Imot.. fhe surface temperature of the water at the time of installation was 86° F. The salinity was determined as chloride (milligrams per liter), 20,900; as sodium chloride, 34,500. In regard to pollution, it was stated that there is a 4-in. sanitary sewer line discharging overboard 50 ft from the test board. Five toilets, used by approximately 40 people daily, were reported to be on this sewer line. 2. Test Board No. 2 (USNK-2). The depth of water where this test board was installed was 20 ft, but the bottom breaks off quite sharply to a depth of 27 ft, approximately 15 ft off the end of the wall. The tidal range (general average), was given as 1.80 ft, and the current was approximately 1.20 knots. The surface temperature of the water at the time of installation was 86° F. The salinity was determined 85 as chloride (milligrams per liter), 20,900; as sodiwm chloride, 34,500. In regard to pollution, it was stated that along the south side of the Section Base there is a 4-in. line discharging from a*septic tank. The over-all distance from this 4-in. line around the corner to the test board is approximately 175 ft. A18.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia sp., Teredo cle ae T. parksi, T. (Lyrodus ) sp., T. (Psiloteredo) SPe, > and | T. sp., were were very active each - year at both locations. is. They oc occurred in 22 of the 44 control panels of Test Board No. 1, and in 23 of the 38 of Test Board No. 2, ranging from mere pits to minute specimens. It was indicated that the breeding season was limited from Marcn through December, or sometimes to. the middle of January or February. In the test panels at , Poth locations, they occurred in nearly all panels that were submerged for 2s months oe more, and several of these were riddled after 8 months’ submergence. The maximum lengths attained by specimens in these panels were 220 mm in Test Board No. 1, and 190 mm in Test Board No. 2. The attack by. Teredinidas rated as very heavy in 1945 at both locations. 2, Limnoria. Limnoria also were very oghiae throughout the period covered by the tests and occurred in all the panels of both test boards. The severity of attack varied, with peaks occurring at intervals, but in general, the attack rated very heavy each year at both locations. Test panels removed on June 7, 1945, after 8 months’ submergence, showed Limnoria counts of 21,000 and 20,000, respectively, indicating that the attack was unusually severe. The next 2 test panels removed from Test Board No. 2, which were left submerged for 124 and 113 months, respectively, were destroyed by the combined attacks of Teredinidae and Limnoria. 3. Pholadidae. No Pholadidae were recorded at either location. A18.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels of both test boards except on one control and one test panel of Test Board No. 1, and on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 2. Tho deposits, mostly a gray clay, ranged from traces to moderate on the control and test panels of both test boards, with occasionally heavy deposits on the test panels of Test Board No. 1. 2. Algae. Algae occurred on 31 of the 43 control panels and on 35 of the 50 test panels of Test Board No. 1, the growths generally ranging from traces to moderate on the panels of both series. On Test Board No. 2, however, they occurred on only 4 of the 38 control panels and on 7 of the 45 test panels, the growths rating only traces on the panels of both series. Mostly green algae occurred, but red algae were found on one test panel. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids and Metridium). Hydroids occurred on 28 of the 43 control panels and on 15 of the 50 test panels of Test Board No. 1. On Test Board No. 2, they occurred on 33 of the 38 control panels and on 39 of the 45 test panels. The growths ranged from traces to light on the panels of both series. Om practically all the infested panels, Tubularia was the only form identified. However, a few specimens of Metridium, a member of a different group of Coelenterata, occurred on a single test panel of Test Board No. 1. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filementous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on-only one of the 44 control panels and on 5 of the 50 test panels of Test Board No. 1. .0n Test Board No. 2 they occurred on 7 of the 38 control panels and on 20 of the 45 test panels. The forms identified comprised Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra sp., and Schizoporella unicornis. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 5 control panels and on h test panels of Test Board No. 1. On Test Board No. 2 they occurred on 3 of the 38 control panels and on 6 of the 45 test panels. Bugula neritina and Bugula sp. were the only forms identified. c. Annelida (marine worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 14 of the 43 control panels and on 21 of the 50 test panels of Test Board No. 1, the maximum length recorded being 25 mm. One test panel was 35% covered and 600 specimens were recorded on another. On Test Board No. 2 they occurred on 14 of the 38 control panels and on 29 of the 45 test panels, the maximum length recorded being 35 mm. One test panel was 50% covered, and 500 specimens were recorded on another. Several hundred to several thousand minute, thread-like calcareous tubes of Salmacina occurred on 2 control panels and on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 1. d. .Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred only on occasional panels of both test boards. They were recorded on 5 control panels and on 3 test panels of Test Board No. 1, and on & singel control panel and on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 2. The maximum diameter recorded was 8 mm, after 4 months' submergence. Amphipods (Corophium) occurred only a single control panel and on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 1, the maximum number recorded on any panel being 100. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous mollusks. occurred occasionally on the panels of both test boards. A few specimens of Anomia (jingle-shells) were recorded on a single control panel and on 2 test panels of Test Board No. 1, the maximum diameter being 20 mm. 87 Five specimens of Musculus lateralis were recorded on single test panels of both test boards. A solitary specimen of the family Pterididae was recorded on a single control panel of Test Board No. 2. f. Chordata (tunicates). Tunicates occurred quite abundantly on a number of the panels of both test boards, especially on those panels of Test Board No. 1. On this board, they occurred on 8 of the 43 control panels. On Test Board No. 2 they occurred on 4 control panels and on 6 test panels, the maximum number of colonies on any one of the latter panels being 20. Botryllus schlosseri occurred on the panels of both test boards; Ciona and Molgula were recorded only on the test panels of Test Board No. 1. A18.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Two test boards of the panel type installed June 7, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Submarine Base at Key West, Florida, are still being operated. The results of these tests have been summarized to the’énd of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active each year at both locations, the breeding season apparently being limited to the months from March through December, or sometimes to the middle of January or February. Several of the test panels were riddled after 8 months' submergence, and the attack rated as very heavy in, 1945 at both locations. Limnoria also were very active throughout the period covered by the tests, and the attack was very heavy, in fact unusually destructive, at both locations. No Pholadidae were recorded at either location. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to Z phyla contributed to the fouling of the panels. The latter included hydroids and Metridium, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, marine worms, barnacles and amphipods, miscellaneous nonboring mollusks, and tunicates. Algae and hydroids occurred with the greatest frequency, and encrusting Bryozoa and marine worms occurred with less frequency, while the occurrence of the other organisms was merely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. The Teredinidae attack on Test Board No. 1 was moderate in 19148 and very heavy in 1949. In 1948, there was a slight attack by Limnoria on the panels of this board, while in 1949 the ‘Limnoria attack rated as moderate. On Test Board No. 2 there was a moderate infestation of Teredinidae in 1948, and a medium heavy attack the following year. On this board Limnoria rated medium heavy in 1948 and heavy in 1949. 88 ‘Section 19 PENSACOLA, FLORIDA -- U. S. NAVAL AIR TRAINING COMMAND A19.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Boards Two test boards of the panel type were installed July 22, 1944, at different locations at the former U. S. Naval Air Station, now the Naval Air Training Command at Pensacola, Florida. The first of these boards, designated by the symbol USNPF-1, was installed at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station. The second, designated by the symbol USNPF-2, was located at the Ferry Slip at the Palafox Street Pier in the city of Pensacola, Both of these test boards are in Pensacola Bay. It was later decided that a new test board designated by the symbol USNPF-3, located at the Navy Railroad Trestle over Bayou Grande north of the Naval Air Station, where this stream empties into Pensacola Bay, would serve the purposes of the marine borer research better, so far as this Station is concerned, than the test board located at Pensacola. The new board was installed on August 22, 1944. The operation of these test boards is being continued, and results of the tests have been sun- marized to the end of 1947. ° A1l9.02@ Hydrographic Data 1. USNPF-1 (Ferry Slip at Naval Air Station). The depth of water where this test board was installed was 20 ft; the tidal range was 1.4 ft; the velocity of the current was not determined. The ten- perature of the water at the time of installation was 80°F. The pres-, ence of coliform bacteria was demonstrated in Dominick-Lauter and lactose broth media almost every month from the start of the test to the end of 1947. Estimated counts, beginning with April 1945, showed the most prob- able number of bacteria of the coli-aerogenes group to range from 460 to 240,000 per 100 cc. . USNPF-2 (Ferry Slip at Pensacola). The data for this test board are ne same as for the preceding one, except that the most prob- able number of bacteria of the coli-aerogenes group ranged from 600 to 700,000 per 100 cc. 3. USNPF-3 ee Trestle at Naval Air Station). The depth of water where this test board was installed was 13 ft. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 84° F. ‘The other data for this test board are the same as for the first one, except that the most probable number of bacteria of the coli-aerogenes group ranged from 450 to 700,000 per 100 cc. 89 As the monthly temperature. records given for the three locations are almost identical, only one representative set of figures is given. The following table records the temperature of the water in degrees F, based on readings taken at various times each month, showing the general range throughout the year. September October November December Al9.03 Marine Borers } 1. Teredinidae, Teredinidae, including Bankia gouldi, Teredo | (Peiloteredo), and Teredo sp., were very active at all three locations throughout the period covered by the tests. In November 1944, because of the severity of the attack, it was requested that the panels on the test boards be removed and replaced by panels 2 inches thick. This was done, but it was soon found that increasing the thickness of the panels did not prolong their life, since the attack was just as severe proportionately in the 2-inch panels as it had been in the one-inch panels. In November 1945, it was requested that all panels on the test boards be” removed and that a new series be installed and operated on a 4-month basis instead of being employed on the 8-month basis. The detailed figures on the occurrence of Teredinidae at each of these locations are summarized as Hee a. USNPF-1 (Ferry Slip at Naval Air Station). Teredinidas occurred in 27 of the 32 control panels, ranging from minute pits or) embryonic specimens to specimens up to 40 mm in length. The breeting season at this location generally extended from the middle of March to the middle of the following February, but it was continuous from ~ 90 March 20, 1946 to February 25, 1948. The attack was especially heavy from April 19, 1946 to the end of 1947, during which time 5 of the panels were filled. In the test panels, Téredinidae occurred in 44 of the 47, attaining a maximum length of 150 mm on 2 panels, both of which had been submerged for 4 months, Twenty of these panels were filled or riddled, although most of them had been submerged for only 4 months. The panels sometimes became filled or riddled in as short a period as one or 2 months. The attack at this location rated very heavy each year, including 19h. bd USNPF-2 (Ferry Slip at Pensacola). Teredinidae occurred in 24 of the 41 control panels, ranging from minute pits or embryonic specimens to specimens up to 65 mm in length. The breeding season at this location extended from the middle of March through December. Teredinidae occurred in 38 of the 47 test panels, attaining a maximm length of 200 mm in one panel submerged for 4 months. Twenty-five of these panels were filled or riddled, although most of the panels were submerged for only 4 months. They sometimes became filled or riddled in as short a period as 2 months. The attack at this location rated very heavy each year, including 1944. c. USNPF-3 (Railroad Trestle at Naval Air Station). Teredinidae occurred in 19 of the 40 control panels, ranging from minute pits or embryonic specimens to specimens up to 25 mm in length. The breeding season at this location extended from the middle of March through December. Teredinidae occurred in 37 of the 47 test panels, attaining a maximum length of 220 mm in one panel submerged for 4 months. Twenty-one of these panels were filled or riddled, although most of the panels were submerged for only 4 months. They sometimes became well filled within 4 months. The attack at this location rated very heavy each year, including 1944. 2 tLimoria. ILimmoria were more or less active at all three locations, the occurrence being summarized for each as follows: a. USNPF-1 (Ferry Slip at Naval Air Station). Limmoria occurred on 31 of the 41 control panels, the maximum number on any one being 190 specimens. They occurred on 39 of the 47 test panels. The attacks attained peak ratings of moderate in 1945 and 1946 and of heavy in 1947 bd. USNPF-2 (Ferry Slip at Pensacola). Limmoria occurred in 16 of the 41 control panels, although none appeared prior to March 22, 1945. The maximum number recorded in any of these panels was 250 forms. Limnoria occurred on 26 of the 41 test panels, although mone occurred up to January 22, 1945. The attacks attained a peak rating of medium heavy in 1945, a trace in 1946, and low in the slight rating in 1947. 91 ‘c. USNPF-3 (Railroad Trestle at Naval Air Station). No Tannbrdie occurred on any of the control panels, and only 2, of the h7 ‘test panels were attacked. One of these panels contained only one tunnel and the other showed 5 tunnels. The first occurred in 1945 and the second in 1946. Thus the attack at this location rated only a bare trace these years, with no trace in 1947. 3. Pholadidae. Pholadidae (Martesia and Hiata) did not occur on any of the control panels at any of the locations, but occurred sporadically on the test panels at all three locations. At the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, they appeared in 7 of the 47 test panels. The attacks rated a trace in 1944, moderate in 1945, zero in 1946, and medium heavy in 1947. At the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, they Occurredin 4 of the 47 test panels, the attacks rating slight in 1945 and only a trace in 1947, with no traces the other years. At the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station, they occurred in only 2 of the 47 test panels in 1945, the attack rating but slight. A19.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels of both the control and test series at all locations except on 3 panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station. Only fragments of one of these panels were left, and the outer surfaces of the other 2 were destroyed. At the last-named location the deposits ranged from traces to light on the test series. At the other two locations, they ranged generally from traces to moderate on the panels of the control SEEHES and from light to moderate on those of the test series. 2. Algae. Green algae occurred as traces or light growths on 2 control panels and on a single test panel at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, also on'2 each of the control and test panels at the Rail- road Trestle at the Naval Air Station. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Porifera (sponges). Sponges occurred on a single test panel at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola and on 3 of the test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. On the panel at the first pinek aa 60% of the surface was covered. Coelenterata’ (hydroids and Metridium). Hydroids occurred ore great frequency on the: panels at all three locations. They occurred on 20 of the 41 control panels and 30 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on 31 of the 41 control panels and 38 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on 28 of the 40 control panels and 41 of the 47 test; panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. The growths 92 ranged generally from traces to light (rarely) on the control panels, and from traces to light, or moderate, (rarely) on the test nanels, particularly at the last location. Tubularia was the only specimen identified. Metridium, a member of another group of Coelenterata, occurred on 2 of the test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station. c. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred more or less abundantly on the panels at all three locations. They were found en 10 of the 41 control panels. and 15 of the 47 test panele at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on 1l of the hd control panels and 23 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on 8 of the 40 control panels and 17 of the 47 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. At the first- named location, 7 of the test panels were from 25% to 80% covered, and at the second location, 9 of the test panels were from 10% to 90% covered. Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra sp., Gemelliporidra magniporosa, and Schizoporella unicornis were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 5 of the 41 control panels and on 16 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station. Bugula flabellata, B. neritina,. and B. sp. were identified. Bi i d. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 8 of the 41 control panels and 29 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on 7 of the 41 control panels and 14 of the 47 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, ano on 2 of the 40 control panels and 15 of the 47 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. 6. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Barnacles occurred with great frequency on the panels at all three locations and in considerable abundance at the last two locations. At the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, they were found on 25 of the 4] control panels and on 41 of the 47 test panels, on 33 of the 41 control panels and 46 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on 31 of the 40 control panels and 45 of the 47 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. On the control panels, maximm diameters of 9, 8, and 11 mm were recorded at the respective locations in the order in which they are listed. On the test panels maximum diameters of 15, 21, and 27 m were attained in 4, 6, and 8 months, respectively. At the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, 14 of the control panels were from 10% to 100% covered, ‘and 36 of the test panels were from 5% to 100% covered. At the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station, 14 of the control panels were from 25% to 100% covered, and 24 of the test panels were from 5% to 100% covered. oD f. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks were recorded occasionally on the panels as follows: Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 4 control panels and 9 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on a single control panel and 4 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on a single control panel and 2 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. They ranged from a trace to 150 in number. Maximum diameters recorded were 6 mm on a control panel and 40 mm on a test panel after 4 months' submergence. Traces of Ostrea (oysters) occurred on 3 control panels and 11 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on 9 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on 13 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. Maximum diameters recorded were 30 mm on a control panel and 45 mm on a test panel after 4 months' submergence. Musculus lateralis occurred on 3 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, the maximum number being 40 on any one panel. Mytilus (mssels) occurred on a single panel each of both the control and test series at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on 6 test panels at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on 3 test panels at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. The maximum number was 65 on any one panel. g. Chordata (tunicates). A few colonies of tunicates occurred on 2 test panels at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, on a single panel each of the control and test series at the Ferry Slip at Pensacola, and on a single control panel at the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station. Botryllus schlosseri, Ciona, and Molgula were identified. A19.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Three test boards of the panel type, installed at different locations at the Naval Air Training Base at Pensacola, Florida, on July 22 and August 22, 1944, are still being operated. The results of these tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active each year at each of these locations. The breeding season extended from the middle of March, but may be continuous some years at the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station. The attack rated very heavy each year, including 1944, at each location, panels becoming filled or riddled in as short a period as one to 3 months. . There was some evidence of Limmoria activity at all three locations, but the severity of attack varied from year to year and at the different locations. At the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air Station, the attacks attained peak rat- ings of moderate in 1945 and 1946 and heavy in 1947. At the Ferry Slip 94 at Pensacola, they attained a peak rating of medium heavy in 1945, merely a trace in 1946, and low in the slight rating in 1947. At the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station, the attack rated the barest trace in 1945 and 1946, with no forms showing in 1947. Pholadidae occurred sporadically at all three locations. At the Ferry Slip at the Naval Air. Station the attack rated a trace in 1944, moderate in 1945, none in 196, and medium heavy in 1947. At the Ferry Slip at Pensacola they rated slight in 1945 and only a trace in 1947, with no forms the other years. At the Railroad Trestle at the Naval Air Station there was only a pac attack in 1945 and no attacks the other years. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 7 phyla contributed to the fouling of the panels. The latter comprised sponges, hydroids and Metridium, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, annelid worms, barnacles, miscellaneous nonboring mollusks,: and tunicates. Of these organisms, barnacles occurred with the greatest fre- quency and in the greatest abundance; hydroids also. occurred with great frequency. Encrusting Bryozoa and serpulid worms occurred with consider- able frequency, and filamentous Bryozoa occurred with a fair degree of fre- quency at one locality. Oysters and jingle-shells occurred with still less frequency, while the occurrence of the other forms, as well as the algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. Figures 3 and } are illustrations of test panels which had been submerged at Pensacola. The panel shown in figure 3 has been attacked severely by Teredo and moderately by Limnoria, while the damage done to the panel shown in figure 4 was the work of Teredo alone. 3. Recent Addenda. The attack by Teredinidae rated very heavy in both 1948 and 1949 at the Naval Air Station Ferry Slip. The Limnoria attack was moderate at this location in 1948 and medium heavy the following year. Pholads: also were recorded as heavy at this place in 1948, but as only a trace in 1949. At the Pensacola Ferry Slip there was a very heavy onslaught of Teredinidae in both 1948 and 1949. The Limmoria attack was slight at this point in 1948 and was only a trace the following year. There was a slight attack by Pholads in 1948, but none appeared in 1949. At the Railroad Trestle, the Teredinidae attack rated very heavy both years, but Limnoria appeared as a trace only in 1949. There was also a trace of Pholads in 1948. 95 Section 20 . GALVESTON, TEXAS -- U. S. NAVAL FRONTIER BASE A20.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type, designated by the symbol USNGT-1, was operated at the U. S. Naval Frontier Base at Galveston, Texas, from July 21, 1944 until July 15, 1946, when it was discontinued because of termination of military activity at this base. No details were given as to the exact location of the test board. Unfortunately, the continuity of this test was interrupted by the loss of the test board on two occasions, first about November 1944, ana again in August 1945, because of winds nearing hurricane force. It was requested in November of this year that a new set of panels be installed and operated on a 4-month basis, instead of the 8-month basis previously adhered to, because of the unusual severity of the attack by marine borers at this location. Accordingly, a new set of panels was put into operation on November 15. ; A20.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water at the location where the test board was installed was 28 ft; the tidal range was approximately 16 in.; the velocity of the current was approximately 15 knots. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 74° F. ‘The water was reported to be generally muddy and the degree of pollution extreme. A20.053 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia gouldi, B. mexicana, Teredo (Lyrodus) sp., and Teredo sp., occurred in all the control panels submerged during the warmer months of the year, but no borers were recorded in January and February of 1945, nor during the period extending from November 15, 1945 to April 16, 1946. The specimens noted were mostly embryonic or small, although a maximum length of 60 m was recorded in the panel submerged from May 21 to June 21, 1945. A total of 6,930 minute specimens was recorded in a control panel that happened to be left submerged for 13 months at the end of 19h}. . The breeding season at this location extended from March through December. Teredinidae occurred in all the test panels throughout the duration of the test, except in one panel submerged from November 15, 1945 to January 16, 1946. At the beginning of the test in 96 July 1944 there was a rapid increase in the number of Teredinidae, and the attack soon attained a peak rating which was maintained until the loss of the test board during a storm in August 1945. During this period, all the panels that were submerged for 5.or more months were more or less riddled, and the last one was one-third destroyed. The attack in panels that were submerged subsequently appeared less severe, although none of these panels were left submerged longer than months. The next to the last panel of this series was well filled with specimens up to 95 mm in length after 4 months' submergence. It is apparent that the attack by Teredinidae rated very heavy. 2. Limnoria. Throughout the period of the test Limnoria were active, but only occurred in small numbers. In 15 of the 18 control panels, 70 Limnoria was the largest number found on any panel. Limnoria occurred in 14 of the 19 test panels, 200 forms being the largest number found in any of these panels. The attack was low in the slight rating in 1945 and only a trace in 1946. 3. Pholadidae. Only 2 Pholadidae were recorded on the test panels that was submerged for a single month, and the genus was not identified. A20.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels, both control and test, the deposits ranging from traces to light on the control, and from traces to light or occasionally moderate on the test panels. 2. Algae. Traces of green algae occurred only on the first 2 of the test panels and the accompanying controls. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred as traces to occasionally light growths throughout the period covered by the test, on all the panels, both test and control, except for a single test panel. Tubularia was the only form identified. b. Bryozoa (encrusting). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on the first 3 and.the last 3 control panels, and on 15 of the 19 test panels. They occurred regularly on the first 7 test panels submerged on July 21, 1944, and removed after from one to 7 months, respectively, but their subsequent occurrence was very sporadic. While, as a rule, only from 2 to 50 colonies occurred on a test panel, the first 3 panels in the test were covered, and the fourth was 60% covered. Cryptosula pallasiana, Cryptosula sp., and Gemelliporidra magniporosa were identified. 97 c. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) worms were recorded on only one test panel which showed 15 to 20 specimens up to 10 mm long. d. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred with great regularity and often in considerable abundance. They were recorded on 16 of the 19 control panels, and on all the test panels, and developed throughout the year. In the control panels, the maximum diameter recorded was 7 mum, and panels exposed in February and March of 1944. were 100% covered. In the test panels, the maximum diameter recorded was 22 mm, this appearing on a panel removed January 30, 1945, after having been submerged for 5 months. The rate of growth and number present appeared to vary considerably in the same month during different years. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). A trace of Ostrea (oysters) occurred on one control panel and on 4 test panels, the greatest number recorded on any panel being 5. Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 4 control panels (second, third, and last | last two), where the maximum number on any one was 55, and on 3 test panels (third and last two), where 60 was the maximum number. f. Chordata (tunicates). A few colonies of Botryllus schlosseri occurred on only the first of the test and control panels. A20.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type was operated at the U. S. Naval Frontier Base at Galveston, Texas, from July 21, 1944, until its discontinuance on July 15, 1946, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and fouling agents at this location. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were more or less active throughout practically the duration of the test, the severity of the attack rating very heavy, and panels frequently becoming riddled after 5 months' ex- posure. The attack at this location was so severe that the period of exposure of the test panels was reduced from 8 to 4 months. The breeding season extended from March through December. lLimnoria were present in small numbers throughout the test, but they never exceeded a trace most of the time, though they did become low in the rating of Slight in 1945. Only a trace of Pholads was recorded at this location. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 6 phyla contributed to the fouling of the panels. The latter were comprised of hydroids, encrusting Bryozoa, annelid worms, barnacles, oysters and jingle-shells, and tunicates. Silt, hydroids, and barnacles occurred with great regularity, the latter being the most important organism causing fouling. The encrusting Bryozoa occurred less frequently, while the other forms occurred only occasionally. 98 Section 21 CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS -- U. S. NAVAL ATR STATION A21.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type, designated by the symbol USNCC-1, was installed June 10, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Air Station at Corpus Christi, Texas. It was installed in the yardcraft small boat basin in Corpus Christi Bay, and is attached to the south-southeast (landward) side of a cluster of three creosoted wooden pile dolphins in the operating area. The board to which the test board is attached is 292 ft from a concrete bulkhead. The operation of this test board is being continued. The results Have been summarized to the end of 1947. Inguiries were made in regard to previous records of destruction by marine borers at this location. Mr. Ridenour, of the U. S. Engineers, stated that while there has been considerable destruction by marine borers attacking the boats and piles, no data have been gathered by them on this subject. Mr. Gordon Gunter, of the Department of Marine Biology of the University of Texas, and Dr. Joel W. Hedgpeth, Marine Biologist of the Texas Game, Fish, and Oyster Commission, both stated that to their knowledge no studies of marine borer activities have ever been made in this area. A21.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was given as 123 ft at the start of the test in June 1944 and as approximately 23 ft in March 1946: The tidal range was said to be negligible except when high winds occur. The tidal range from mean low water was given as 1.1 ft at mean high water and as 0.6 ft at mean sea level. The ‘current velocity was not determined, but the location is somewhat well protected from rough wave action by a pier and breakwaters. The available data on temperature and salinity of the water are presented in the following tables. The area was reported to be subject to consider- able pollution from oil, grease, and paint wastes from surface craft. operating in the basin. From June 1944 to January 1948 the bacterial content, determined at monthly intervals, ranged from 10 to 350,000 per cc, and the coli-aerogenes group from 0 to 60 per cc, when no visual Signs of pollution were evident. 99 The following record of the temperature of the water in degrees F, based on monthly readings, shows the BENE range and the variation from year to year. October November December The following salinity determinations of the water, based on monthly readings, show the general range. Total chlorides--parts per million January 18,700 February Merch April May June 16,000 July 15,100 August 17,400 September _ 16,000 October 16,400 November 15,054 December 15,540 100. A@1.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalia, I. (Lyrodus) sp., I. Psiloteredo) sp., and T. sp., were very active throughout the period of the test. The borers were so destr: xtive that it was requested on November 6, 1945, that the panels be rem ved and a new series installed in which the period of submergence was to be reduced to 4 months instead of the 8-month basis wPRoviguely PHS TES “This change was made on December 35. Teredinigs occurred in 32 of the 42 control panels, the maximum breeding season apparently covering the period from February 10 to January 10, although it was shorter in some years. In these panels, the specimens ranged from minute pits or embryonic specimens to forms up to 37 mm in length. They occurred in 51 of the 56 test panels, with panels becoming filled or riddled in as short periods as 3 and 4 months. A maximm length of 325 mm was recorded on 3 panels which had been submerged for 4 months. The attack rated heavy each year. 2. Limnoria. Limnoria showed more or less activity beginning with 1945, but no forms occurred in the control panels prior to April 10, and they occurred only in small numbers in these panels subsequently. Moreover, no forms occurred in the test panels prior to June 11. While it was impossible to make an accurate count of the number of tunnels late in 1945, because of the severe riddling or destruction of the panels by Teredinidac, it appears that the Limnoria attack never rated more than moderate that year, only low in the slight rating in 1946, and merely a trace in 1947. 3. Sphaeroma. A trace of Sphaeroma occurred on 3 test panels which were removed in 1945, after having been submerged for 8 months. One, 2, and 3 specimens, respectively, were recorded on these 3 panels. 4. Pholadidae. No Pholadidae were recorded. A21.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Deposits of silt, ranging from traces to- medium, occurred on all the panels of both the control and test series. 2. Algae. Algae, mostly green, occurred on 2 control panels . and on 3 test panels. The growths ranged from traces to light. 101 3. Invertebrate animal la. a. Porifera (sponges). A solitary sponge occurred on a single test panel. b. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred as traces or rarely light growths on 26 of the 42 control panels‘and on 37 of the 49 test panels. c. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on 18 of the 42 control panels and on 30 of the 49 test panels. Four control panels were from 50% to 100% covered, and 5 test panels were from 30% to 100% covered. Cryptosula pallasiana, Cryptosula sp., Electra crustulenta, Gemelliporidra magniporosa, Schizoporella unicornis, and Schizoporella sp. were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 12 of the 42 control panels and on 16 of the 49 test panels. One panel in both the control and test series was 50% covered. Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, and B. sp. were identified. 2 d. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 9 of the 42 control panels and on 24 of the 49 test panels. Maximum lengths of 15 mm were recorded on the control panels and of 45 mm on the test panels after 5 months' submergence. ‘e. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred on 35 of the 42 control panels and on 47 of the 49 test panels. Nine of the panels of the control series were from 25% to 100% covered, and 25 of the test panels were from 20% to 90% covered. A maximum diameter of 15 mm was recorded on the control panels and of 29 mm on a test panel after 5 months' submergence. £. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally as follows: Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 5 of the control panels and on 7 of the test panels; the maximum number recorded on any panel was 70. Maximum diameters of 13 mm on a control panel and of 40 mm on a test panel were recorded after 8 months' submergence. Mytilus (mussels) occurred on 3 control panels and on 21 test panels; the maximum number recorded on any one of the test panels was 100 mssels. Maximm lengths of 8 mm on a control panel and of 25 mm on a test panel were recorded after 5 months' submergence. Ostrea (oysters) occurred on 4 control panels and on 26 test panels. ‘Two-thirds of the face of one test panel submerged for 2 months was encrusted. Maximum diameters of 32 mm on a control panel and of 78 mm on a test panel were recorded after 7 months' submergence. 102 A21.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type installed June 10, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Air Station at Corpus Christi, Texas, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and fouling organisms, is still being operated. The results of this test have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active at this location. The maximum breeding season apparently was limited to t-e period from February 10 to January 10, although it was shorter in some years. The attack rated very heavy each year; some panels became filled or riddled within 3 months and others in 4+ months. Limnoria also showed more or less activity, but not until April 1945. The attack appears never to have rated more than low in the slight rating in any year. No trace of Sphaeroma occurred in 1945. No Pholadidae were recorded. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 6 phyla contributed to the fouling of the panels. The latter included sponges, hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles, and miscellaneous nonboring mollusks. Of these organisms, barnacles occurred with by far the greatest frequency as well as in unusual abundance. Hydroids, encrusting Bryozoa, serpulid worms, oysters, filamentous Bryozoa, and mussels, arranged in the order of decreasing frequency, also were important fouling organisms. The occurrence of the other forms as well as the algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. The attack by Teredinidae was very heavy in both 1948 and 1949, and the Limoria attack was rated as slight in both these years. 103 Section 22 BERMUDA ISLANDS, BERMUDA -- U. S. NAVAL OPERATING BASE A22.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type, designated by the symbol USNHH-1, was installed February 19, 1946, at the U. S. Naval Operating Base at the southwestern end of the Bermuda Islands. The operation of this test board is being continued. The results of the test have been - gummarized to the end of 1947. A22.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 10 ft; the tidal range was given as mean, 2.6 ft, and spring, 3.2 ft; the current velocity was zero. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 62° F. Additional records of the temperature of the water at this location, recorded in degrees F at monthly intervals, are given below. No pollution was reported. September October November December 104 A22.05 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. No evidence of Teredinidae was recorded in the panels of either the control or test series until late in 1947. The test panel removed November 13, 1947, after having been submerged for 4 months, showed 8 specimens of Teredo somersi up to 40 m long. No borers were recorded in either of the next 2 months of the test, which covered up to January 10, 1948. On the basis of these data, the attack is rated as slight in 1947, and there was none at all in 1946. While Teredinidae occurred only in small numbers in a single test panel during the brief period covered by this test, records of the William F. Clapp Laboratories show that they are very destructive at other points in Bermuda. 2. Limnoria. Limnoria were very active throughout the period covered by the test and occurred in considerable numbers in all panels of both the control and test series. Of the 19 control panels, 9 showed a thousand or more tunnels, and one panel exposed from August 22 to September 22, 1946 showed 3,300 tunnels. In November of 1946, because of the destructiveness of Limnoria at this location, it was requested that the panels on the test board be removed and a new series installed on a 4-month basis instead of on the 8-month basis previously followed. This change was made on December 13, 1946. After the fourth of this new series of panels was removed, the test was interrupted again, for some reason that is not clear, by starting another 4-panel series on July 10, 1947. In the test panels, the Limnoria attack at the beginning of the test increased rapidly in severity with each month's submergence. In . the first set of 8 panels submerged on February 19, 1946, where a panel was removed at the end of each month, the tunnels numbered 497, 2,300, 4,600, 4,000, 5,300, 7,800 and 13,200 respectively, the last panel, which had been submerged for 8 months, being entirely destroyed except for a piece approximately 13 in. square around one of the bolt holes. The next 2 panels, which were submerged from March 22 to November 19 and from April 22 to November 19, respectively, also were almost completely destroyed. The 2 succeeding panels, which were submerged for only 7 and 6 months, respectively, also were attacked with extreme severity. With the reduction of the period of submergence to 4 months, however, the attack was less severe. The Limnoria attack at this location rated as extremely severe in both 1946 and 1947. 105 5. Sphaeroma. Two specimens of Sphaeroma were observed on a singlé test panel in 1946. 4, Pholadidae. No Pholadidae were recorded at this location. A22.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels of both the control and test series. The deposits, which were mostly clay, ranged from traces to moderate on the control panels and from traces to heavy on the test panels. 2. Algae. Algae occurred on a single control panel and on 9 of the 26 test panels, the growths ranging from traces to light, even to moderate in one case. Green algae occurred most frequently, but brown and red algae also were observed. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred on 4 of the 19 control panels and on 15 of the 26 test panels, the growths rating as traces on the control panels and from traces to moderate on the test panels. No hydroids were identified. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa. occurred on 4 of the 19 control panels and on 14 of the 26 test panels. Schizoporella unicornis was identified on a single test panel. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 4 of the 19 control panels and on 8 of the 26 test panels. No forms were identified. c. Annelida (marine worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 2 of the 19 control panels and on 16 of the 26 test panels. No lengths were recorded. Five of the test panels were from 25% to 50% covered. d. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred on a single control panel and on 5 of the 26 test panels. The barnacles on the control panels were juvenile, and 7 mm was the maximum diameter recorded on the test panels after both 2 and 6 months' submergence, respectively. Two hundred and fifty amphipods were recorded on a single control panel, and the presence of Corophium was noted on a single test panel. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally as follows: Four juvenile specimens of Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on a single control panel; a trace of juvenile Avicula occurred on 2 of the test panels; and 3 specimens of Ostrea (oysters) up to 30 mm in diameter occurred on a single test panel. 106 A22.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type installed at the U. S. Naval Operating Base at Bermuda on July 19, 1946, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and fouling organisms, is still being operated. The results of this test have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae occurred only in small numbers late in 1947, in a single test panel where the attack was slight. While there was little evidence of their activity at this location, records of the William F. Clapp Laboratories show they are very destructive at other points in Bermuda. lLimnoria were very active throughout the period covered by the test, frequently occurring in destructive numbers. Panels left exposed for 8 months were almost completely destroyed. The attack rated as extremely severe in both 1946 and 1947. A trace of Sphaeroma was observed on a single test panel in 1946. No Pholadidae were recorded at this location. bd. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter consisted of hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles and amphipods, and miscellaneous nonboring mollusks. Of these organisms, hydroids, encrusting Bryozoa, and serpulid tubes occurred with considerable frequency; filamentous Bryozoa occurred with less frequency, while the occurrence of the other forms, as well as the. algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. In both 1948 and 1949 the Teredinidae attack at this station registered as very heavy. There was a slight attack of Limnoria in both these years. 107 Section 235 GUANTANAMO BAY, CUBA -- U. S. NAVAL OPERATING BASE A23.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type was installed June 20, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Cperating Base, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, but was soon lost. A duplicate test board, designated by the symbol USNGC-1, was installed on July 15, 1944, on Pier No. 1, and the test-is considered to begin from this date. In December 1944 the Naval Operating Base advised that they were unable to send the panels for that month because the test board had been taken away by a visiting ship. A new board was installed on December 22. The operation of this test board is being continued, and the results have been summarized to the end of 1947. It was reported that creosoted pine piles last about 5 years at this location. It also was reported that, as far as can be ascertained, the most hae ae native hardwoods for piles are those locally known as "siqui" and "jucaro negro." Jiqui piles have been known to last over 20 years, ait the tree is now almost extinct, at least as far as sizable timber is concerned. Jucaro negro hardwood, which can be procured in logs about 35 to 40 feet in length, remains serviceable here for about / years. A23.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 49 ft; the tidal range was 12 in. (mean difference); the current was not appreciable. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 82° F. The test board was located in what may be considered open bay water, with the nearest sewer outlet 1,000 ft distant. It is suspended from the side of a pier which had been built about a year previous. This pier has creosoted piles with approximately one-inch penetration, but all of the bracing is constructed of untreated timber. A25.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Teredo (Teredothyra) dominicensis, T. (Lyrodus) sp., I. (Psiloteredo) sp., and I. sp., were very active and extremely abundant throughout the period covered by the test. in November of 1944, after the test panels had been submerged for only 4 months, the attack was so severe that it became evident that the panels would be completely destroyed before the date scheduled for their removal. It was therefore requested that all the panels be removed and replaced with panels 2 inches thick. However, increasing the thickness 108 of the panels did not solve the problem, as it was soon discovered that the more wood present the greater became the number of borers in the panels, so that the infestation wads just as severe proportionately in the 2-inch panels as it had been in the l-inch panels. As increasing the thickness of the panels did not prolong their life, it was decided to shorten the period of submergence and infestation to which the panels had been exposed. Consequently, all panels which were on the test board were removed on November 19, and a new set, operated on a 4-month basis instead of the pre- vailing 8-month basis, was installed. Teredinidae occurred in unusual abundance in all the control panels, which is conclusive evidence that the breeding season at this location is continuous. In these panels, 13 of the 40 were from 50% to 100% filled, and specimens were recorded up to 30 mm in length. All the test panels showed Teredinidae; 55 of the 47 were filled or riddled, mostly after only 4 months! submergence, and in one case, after only 2 months' submergence. Specimens were recorded up to 190mm in length after 5 months' submergence. The attack of Teredinidae was extremely severe each year. 2. Limnoria. Limnoria were active throughout the period covered by the test and occurred in every month of the year, but never in particularly destructive numbers. They occurred in 34 of the 40 control panels, 110 tunnels being the maximum number recorded in any panel. In the test panels, they occurred in 42 of the 47, the attack rating slight in 1945 and 1946, with a peak low in the moderate rating in 197. 3. Pholadidae. Pholadidae (Hiata and Martesia) likewise were more or less active throughout mich of the period covered by the test. In the control panels, they occurred in 12 of the 40, but were only embryonic or minute. However, 2 of these panels, which had been submerged in 1946 from July 19 to August 19 and from August 19 to September 18, respectively, were half filled. They occurred in 34 of the 47 test panels, and specimens were recorded up to 17 mm in length. Three of these panels removed at monthly intervals from August 19 to October 18 in 1946, after having been submerged for 4 months, were 75%, 67% and 35% filled, respectively. The attack by Pholadidae rated heavy in 1944 and 1946 and medium heavy in 1945 and 1947. A25.04 Fouling Agents i. Silt. Silt occurred as traces to light or occasionally heavy deposits on all the panels of both the control and test series. 2. Algae. A trace of a green alga occurred on one panel each of the control and test series. 109 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Porifera (sponges). Three colonies of a sponge occurred on a Single test panel. b. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred as traces or (rarely) light growths on 19 of the 40 control panels and on 26 of the 47 test panels. Tubularia was the only form identified. c. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on 4 of the 40 control panels and on 14 of the 47 test panels. Schizoporella unicornis, Schizoporella sp., and Watersipora cucullata were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 5 of the 40 control panels and on }} of the 47 test panels, one of the former being one-third covered. Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, and B. sp. were identified. d. Annelida (marine worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred more or less abundantly on 24 of the 40 control panels and on 43 of the 47 _ test panels. The maximum length recorded on the test panels was 45 mm after 4 months' submergence. One of the control panels was 50% covered. e. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred on 29 of the 40 control panels and on 46 of the 47 test panels. The maximum diameters recorded were 8 mm on the control panels and 15 mm on the test panels after 4 months' submergence. Two of the control panels and 4 of the test panels were from 50% to 100% covered. f£. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally as follows: Anomia ( jingle-shells) occurred on 22 of the 40 control panels and on 23 of the 47 test panels. They were _ generally few in number, the most recorded on a single test panel being 20 forms. The maximum diameter recorded was 10 mm on a control panel ~ and 21 mm on a test panel after } months' submergence. Mytilus (mussels) occurred on a single control panel and on 2 of the test panels, a maximum number of 35 being on any panel of either series. Ostrea (oysters), ranging from a few to 14 specimens, occurred on six of the test panels. Two specimens of Pecten (scallops) occurred on a single control panel. A solitary specimen of Pinctada (pearl oyster) occurred on a test panel. g. Chordata (tunicates). Tunicates occurred more or less abundantly on 5 control panels and on 5 test panels. Botryllus schlosseri occurred most frequently, and ascidians also were noted. A25.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type installed July 15, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Operating Base at Guantanamo, Cuba, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and fouling organisms, is still being operated. The results of this test have been summarized to the end of 197. 110 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active and extremely abundant throughout the period covered by the test, the breeding season being continu- ous. The attack was extremely severe each year. lLimnoria also were active throughout the period covered by the test and occurred in every calendar month of the year, but never in particularly destructive numbers. The © attack rated slight in 1945 and 1946, with a peak low in the moderate rating in 1947. Pholadidae likewise were more or less active throughout much of the period covered by the test, the attack rating heavy in 1944 and 194.6 and medium heavy in 1945 and 1947. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate dnimals belonging to 7 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter included sponges, hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles, miscellaneous nonboring mollusks, and tunicates. Of these organisms, hydroids, marine worms, barnacles, and jingle-shells occurred with great frequency, while the occurrence of the other forms, as well as the algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. The attack by Teredinidae was very heavy at this station in both 1948 and 1949, while the Limnoria attack was rated as slight in both these years. Section 24 SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO -- U. S. NAVAL AIR STATION A2h.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type was installed September 21, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Air Station at San Juan, Puerto Rico. This board was located between the center supporting piles of a temporary wharf at the San Antonio Tank Farm, located on the south side of the San Antonio Channel in San Juan Harbor, which is on the northern coast of the Island. The wharf was a small structure built of untreated piles, which on August 23, 1945, was said to be 4 or 5 years old and in ruins. On March 26, 1947, the Naval Air Station advised that the small wharf at the gasoline tank farm, under which the test board had been suspended, had ceased to be serviceable and had been removed about January 21, 1947, when the test board was relocated under the Tender Pier, on San Juan Bay proper, about 12 ft from the nearest wood pile. Sewage, water salinity, and temperature Chelsea at both locations are considered to be about the same. The test board was designated by the symbol USNSJ-1. Its operation is being continued, and the results have been summarized to the end of 1947. A2h.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 16 ft at low tide; the tidal range was given as 1.2 ft; there was no appreciable current. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 80° F. The temperature of the sea water in Puerto Rico is two to three degrees lower than the temperature of the air, which is roughly between 75° F and 90° F. The temperature of the water is around 80° F most of the time. The salinity of the water at the point where the board is located is said to be the same as that of normal sea water, and there is no reason to believe that it will vary at this location more than in the open ocean; the specific gravity was 1.024 on March 25, 1946. The degree of pollution (sewage and oil) was reported to be moderate. However, there is a constant flow of fresh sea water through the east end of the channel, caused by the waves of the Atlantic Ocean pounding over a reef at the Atlantic entrance to it. A2h.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia sp., Teredo navalis, uke) yerenals hisses (Lyrodus) sp., and T. sp. were very active through th the period of the test. The attack was so destructive that in November of 1945 it was requested that the panels be removed and a new series installed which would be submerged for only 4 months instead of the 8 months previously employed. This change was made on November 23. In the control panels, Teredinidae occurred on all 38, except one panel submerged from July 22 to August 25, 1947. These forms were mostly minute pits or embryonic or minute specimens, but some specimens up to 10 mm in length were recorded. Infestation occurred every month, so it is clearly evident that the breeding season at this location is continuous. One panel was filled with both Teredinidae and Pholadidae in one month, and another was filled by Teredinidae alone in about 1-1/3 months. Teredinidae occurred in all except one of the 45 test panels. The maximm length recorded was 230 mm in one panel submerged for } months. Three of these panels submerged for only + months were riddled, with specimens having maximum lengths of 215, 200, and 150 mm, respectively, and one was well filled in a single month. The attack rated very heavy each year. 2. Limnoria. Limnoria showed some evidence of activity throughout the.period.of the test. They occurred in 18 of the 38 control panels, but no forms were recorded after January 23, 1947. A maximum of 200 was recorded in one of the panels submerged for about 1-1/5 months, although 43 was the most that occurred in the others. In the test panels, the attack never rated more than a trace to low in the slight rating except in the panel removed on November 23, 1945, after 8 months' submergence, where @ peak rating of medium heavy was attained. 3. Pholadidae. Pholadidae (Hiata and Martesia) also were very active throughout the period of the test. They occurred in 27 of the 38 control panels, mostly ranging from pits to embryonic or minute, but up to 5 mm long in one panel. In the test panels, they occurred in 39 of the 45, attaining lengths up to 40 mm in 4 months. Some of these panels . were almost completely filled in 4 months, often with Pholadidae in conjuction with Teredinidae. The attack rated very heavy in 1945 and 1946, put appeared less. severe in 1947. 4. Sphaeroma. Sphacroma also were present in 1944 and 1945, occurring on a single control panel and on 6 test panels. The number on any one panel was few, but from 45 to 50 forms were recorded on a test panel submerged for 9 months, while 75 forms were recorded on the control panel infested. A2h.Ok Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred as traces to moderate deposits on all the panels of both the control. and test series. 2. Algae. Green algae occurred as a trace or light growth on a single panel of both the control and test series. ARIES 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Porifera (sponges). Four colonies of a sponge were recorded on a Single test panel. ' b. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred on 27 of the 38 control panels and on 39 of the 45 test panels. They ranged mostly from traces to occasionally light growths on the control panels, and from traces to light or cccasionally moderate growths on the test panels. Tubularia occurred on several. c. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on 7 of the 38 control panels and on 15 of the 45 test panels. Schizoporella unicornis, Schizoporella sp., and Watersipora cucullata were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 23 of the 38 control panels and on 27 of the 45 test panels. Four of the control panels were from 25% to 50% covered, and 4 of the test panels were from 40% to 80% covered. Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, and B. sp. were identified. d. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred on 47 of the 38 control panels and on 42 of 45 test panels. On the control panels, 17 were from 25% to 100% covered; while on the test panels, 10 were from 20% to 90% covered. A maximum length of 40 mm was recorded on both control and test panels after they had been submerged for one month. e. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred in great abundance on 343 of the 38 control panels and on 44 of the 45 teat panels. Twenty-six control panels and 36 test panels were from 25% to 100% covered. Maximum diameters of 14 mm were recorded on the control panels and of 25 mm on the test panels after 4 months' submergence. f. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally on the panels as follows: A few specimens of Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 2 control panels and on 3 test panels. aT zJequeydeg Zz oO Og qenany SS oe Ane 145 Jet d puets~ “poo, ' Keg suemoy LeMT FRY SuT Tey] Req sue0y Tneg “45 retg Amty qyuOW UOF7ZB00T owe ye reef of} Jnoysnormy) eFueT Teteues ey. _SupMous ‘quo Yove seulyt} SNOTIeA 7e@ epem sSuUTpeer uO peseq ‘7 seeiZop ut 1e978M e493 JO oumzeredme, Jo pas0lvey A35.05 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae (Bankia setacea) were more or less active at all five locations, but it is noteworthy that at each site they failed to develop in the first 4 panels which were submerged on July 15 and removed, one each month, up to November 15, 1944. Moreover, on the control panels they failed to develop for a much longer period. No specimens developed on the control panels until after February 20, 1945, at the Temporary Pier and Army Pier; after January-16, 1946, at the Permanent Pier and Woody Island Pier; or after August 23, 1946, at the Marine Rail- way. It is quite evident, then, that Teredinidae simply did not occur at these locations from the date of the beginning of the test to the dates given above. The control panels at all five locations showed very scanty development of Teredinidae over very brief periods in comparison to the rather extensive attacks recorded in the test panels. It is, therefore, difficult to determine the breeding season at these localities, although it appears to extend from late February to the middle of September, late October, or even to late December at locations where Bankia setacea is active and very destructive, as is the case at the Temporary Pier. At all five locations, it was evident in each year of the tests that Bankia setacea occurred in greatest numbers and was most destructive in the lower panels of the test boards; namely, Nos. 8, 9, 10, and 11, which would locate the maximm attack close to the md line. The detailed figures on the occurrence of Teredinidae is summarized by locations as follows: a. Temporary Pier. Teredinidae occurred as minute pits or embryonic specimens in 7 of the 30 control panels and in 26 of the same number of test panels, attaining a maximum length of 485 mm in one of the control panels removed on June 20, 1945, efter having been submerged for 11 months. Panels 9 to 11, inclusive, were riddled in 1945; in 1946, panels 8 to 11, inclusive, were riddled. The attack at this location rated very heavy both years. b. Permanent Pier. Teredinidae occurred as minute pits in 5 of the 39 control panels in 1946 and 1947, but no specimens were recorded in 1944 and 1945. Teredinidae occurred in 35 of the 37 test panels, attain- ing a maximum length of 350 mm in a panel removed on August 15, 1947, after having been submerged for 13 months. None of the test panels was either filled or riddled, although submerged for 11 months during 1945 and 1946, and for 12 months during 1947. The attack at this location rated moderate in 1945, medium heavy in 1946, but only slight in 197. 146 c. Marine Railway. Teredinidae occurred as minute pits in 2 of the last 4 of the 28 control panels received in 1946. They occurred in 20 of the 38 test panels, attaining a maximum length of 340 mm in one panel removed on June 20, 1945, after having been submerged for 11 months. This panel showed the heaviest attack of any, being well filled. The maximum attack at this location thus rated very heavy in 1945 and only a trace in 1946. d. Woody Island Pier. Teredinidae occurred as minute pits in only one of the 37 control panels. They occurred in 22 of the 37 test panels, attaining a maximim length of 300 mm in one panel removed on June 20, 1945, after having been submerged for 11 months. The attack at this location rated moderate in 1945, medium heavy in 1946, and only a trace in 1947. e. Army Pier. Teredinidae occurred as a few minute pits or embryonic specimens in 3 of the 16 control panels and in 10 of the 16 test panels, attaining a maximum length of 300 mm in 2 of the test panels removed on July 20 and August 21, respectively, in 1945, after having been submerged for 11 months. The attack at this location rated moderate in 1945. 2. Limnoria. Limoria were more or less active at each of the five locations. Their occurrence is summarized for each place as follows: a. Temporary Pier. lLimnoria occurred on 12 of the 30 control panels, although none occurred until after April 1), 1945. Except for the last panel, which was left submerged for 3 months, the maximum number occurring on any panel was 110. Limmoria occurred on 18 of the 30 test panels, but not on those panels removed up to July 20, 1945. The attack rated only a trace in 1945, and medium heavy late in 1946 and early in 1947, in panels left submerged for 11 and 125 months, respectively. b. Permanent Pier. Limnoria occurred in only 4 of the 39 control panels, although none occurred until after September 23, 1946. The maximum number on any panel was 28. They occurred on all except the first 4 of the 39 test panels. The four exceptions had been submerged from one to } months each, respectively. The attack rated only a trace in 1945 and 1946 and slight in 1947. c. Marine Railway. lLimnoria occurred on 9 of the 28 control panels, although none appeared until after April 15, 1945. The maximum number on any panel was 25. They occurred on 27 of the 38 test panels. The attack rated slight in 1945 and medium heavy in 1946. d. Woody Island Pier. lLimnoria occurred sporadically in 8 of the 37 control panels, although none appeared until after August 21, 1945. The maximm number was only + in any panel. They occurred in all except 3 of the 37 test panels. The attack rated slight in 1945, 196, and 1947. 147 e. Army Pier. Limnoria failed to develop in any of the 16 control panels, but occurred in all except 3 of the same number of test panels. The attack never rated more than a trace in 1945. A33.Q4 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels at all five locations except on one control panel at the Permanent Pier, and on one test and one control panel at the Marine Railway. The deposits ranged from traces to light on the control panels and from traces to moderate on the test panels at the first four locations, but at the Army Pier they rated as mere traces on the control panels and from traces to light on the test panels. Qe Algae. Algae occurred frequently on the panels at the Woody Island Pier, but only rarely on the panels at the other four locations. They occurred on a single test panel at the Temporary Pier, on 4 control panels and one test panel at the Permanent Pier, on 2 control panels and one test panel at the Marine Railway, on 12 of the 37 control panels and 27 of the same number of test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 4 control panels and 3 test panels at the Army Pier. At the four locations where they occurred so infrequently, there were mere traces on the panels in practically all cases. However, at the Woody Island Pier, where they occurred quite frequently, the growths rated as traces to rarely light or medium on the control panels and from traces to heavy on the test panels. The algae were mostly green, but red and brown algae also occurred at the Woody Island Pier. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. ' a. Coelenterata droids and Metridium). Hydroids occurred with great frequency on the panels at all five locations. They were present on 7 of the 30 control panels and 28 of the 30 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on 9 of the 39 control panels and 33 of the 39 test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 10 of the 28 control panels and 26 of the 38 test panels at the Marine Railway, on 11 of the 37 control panels and 33 of the same number of test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 5 of the 16 control panels and 14 of the same mumber of test panels at the Army Pier. In most cases the growths were merely traces, but they rated up to light occasionally on the test panels at the Permanent Pier and Marine Railway and up to moderate on the test panels at the Woody Island Pier. Tubularia was identified at the latter location. A trace of Metridium,.a member of a different group of Coelenterata, was recorded on 2 test panels at the Permanent Pier. b. Bryozoa (encrusti and filamentous). Encerusting Bryozoa occurred quite frequently on the panels at all five locations. They oceurred on 2 of the 30 control panels and 21 of the 30 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on 2 of the 39 control panels and 30 of the same 148 number of test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 26 of the 38 test panels at the Marine Railway, on 13 of the 37 test panels at the Woody Island Pier. and on 12 of the 16 test panels at the Army Pier. Two of the test panels at the Permanent Pier were 20% and 30 covered, respectively, after 11 months' submergence; one of the test panels at the Marine Rail- way was 15% covered after 5 months' submergence; two of the test panels at the Army Pier were 10% and 20% covered, respectively, after 11 months' submergerce. Cribilina sp., Electra sp., Hippothoa hyalina, Schizoporella unicornis, and Tegella sp. were identified. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred to a Slight extent on the panels at four of the five locations. They occurred on 6 of the 30 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on 2 of the 39 control panels and 8 of the 39 test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 2 of the 57 test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 5 of the 16 test panels at the Army Pier. Two of the test panels at the Permanent Pier were 30% and 50% covered, respectively, after 13 months' submergence. Bugula sp. was the only identification made. c. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes occurred more or less frequently on the test panels at all five loca- tions, but appeared on only of the control panels. They occurred on a single control panel and on 4 of the 30 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on 7 of the 39 test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 14 of the 38 test panels at the Marine Railway, on 10 of the 37 test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 9 of the 16 test panels at the Army Pier. They occurred usually in small numbers, 160 being the maximum number recorded on any one panel. d. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred with great frequency on the panels at all five locations. They were on 8 of the 30 control panels and 29 of the 30 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on 12 of the 39 control panels and 37 of the same number of test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 9 of the 28 control panels and 31 of the 38 test panels at the Marine Railway, on 4 of the 37 control panels and 23 of the same number of test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 6 of the 16 control panels and all of the 16 test panels at the Army. Pier. The specimens on the control panels were mostly embryonic to juvenile, but specimens up to 7 mm were recorded. On the test panels, maximum diameters of 15 mm in 11 months, 19 m in ll months, 12 mm in 8 months, 17 mm in 11 months, and 15 m in 6 months were recorded for the respective locations in the order listed. At the Tempo- rary Pier, 22 of the test panels were from 20% to 100% covered. At the Permanent Pier, 3 of the control panels were from 20% to 75% covered, and 30 of the test panels were from 25% to 100% covered. At the Marine Railway, 3 of the control panels were from 10% to 100% covered, and 18 of the test panels were from 10% to 100% covered. At the Woody Island Pier, 15 of the test panels were from 25% to 1004 covered. At the Army Pier, 15 of the test panels were from 50% to 100% covered. 149 e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous mollusks occurred occasionally, mostly in small numbers, at all five locations as follows: Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on 2 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on a single control panel and 4 test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 9 test panels at the Marine Railway, and on 2 test panels at the Woody Island Pier, 50 being the maximmm number recorded on any one panel. Mytilus (mussels) occurred on 5 test panels at the Temporary Pier, on a single control panel and on 5 test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 9 test panels each at the Marine Railway and. Woody Island Pier, and on 5 test panels at the Army Pier. The maximum number on any panel was 300 minute specimens. Saxicava occurred on 4+ test panels at the Permanent Pier, on 2 test panels at the Marine Railway, on 3 test panels at the Woody Island Pier, and on 5 test panels at the Army Pier, 350 being the maximum number on any one panel. f. Chordata (tunicates). The only evidence of tunicates was 4 specimens recorded on a single test panel at the Temporary Pier. A3Z5.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Of the 5 test boards of the panel type installed July 15, 1944 at different locations at Kodiak, Kodiak Island, Alaska, 3 were lost and discontinued after being carried away by ice, and the other 2 are still being operated. The results of the tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were more or less active at each of the five locations, but the intensity of the attack varied at the different locations and in different years. The attack at the Temporary Pier rated very heavy in both 1945 and 1946. At the Permanent Pier, it rated moderate in 1945, medium heavy in 1946, but only slight in 1947. At the Marine Railway, it rated very heavy in 1945 but only a trace in 1946. At the Woody Island Pier, there was a moderate attack of Teredinidee in 1945, medium heavy in 1946, and only a trace in 1947. At the Army Pier, the attack rated moderate in 1945. Bankia setacea, the only species present, clearly appeared to occur in grea greatest numbers and cause the most destruction in the lower panels, which would locate the maximum attack close to the md line. The breeding season appears to extend from late February to the middle of September, late October, or even to late December at locations where B. setacea is active and destructive. Limnoria also were more or less active at all five locations and in different years. The attack at the Temporary Pier rated only a trace in 1945 and medium heavy late in 1946 and early 1947. At the Permanent Pier, it rated but a trace in 1945 and 1946 and slight in 1947. At the Marine Railway, it rated slight in 1945 and medium heavy in 1946, 150 At the Woody Island Pier, it rated slight in 1945, 1946, and 1947. At the Army Base, it never rated more than the trace recorded in 1945. dD. ee Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 6 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter included hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, serpulid worms, barnacles, miscellaneous nonboring mollusks, and tunicates. Of these organisms, hydroids and barnacles occurred with the greatest fre-. quency by far, encrusting Bryozoa with less frequency, and serpulid worms with still less frequency, while the occurrence of the other worms was merely sporadic or occasional. Algae occurred frequently on the panels at the Woody Island Pier, but very rarely on the panels at the other locations. 3. Recent Addenda. There was no test board operated in 1948 at the Temporary Pier in Womens Bay. A new board, operated during 1949, registered a trace of Teredinidae and a medium heavy attack of Limnoria. At the Permanent Pier, there was a moderate attack by Teredinidae in 1948 but none whatever in 1949. Limnoria was rated as low slight in 1948 and as a trace in 1949 at this location. Teredinidae rated slight in 1948 and a trace in 1949 at the Marine Railway, where Limmoria was recorded as slight in the former year and as moderate in the latte:. The test board at Woody Island Pier was discontinued after 1948, during which year it showed a trace of Teredinidae and a slight attack of Limnoria. No board was operated at the Army Pier during either year. 151 Section 34 SITKA, ALASKA -- U. S. NAVAL AIR STATION A34.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type, designated by the symbol USNSA=1, was operated at the U. S. Naval Air Station at Sitka, Alaska, from November 15, 1944 until August 16, 1946, when it was discontinued because of the transfer of this Station to the Alaskan Native Service. The test board was installed on the outside corner of the Harbor Island Gravel Bunker Dock, about 6 ft from an arsenious-trioxide-treated pile. This location exposed it to the tidal currents of Sitka Harbor. The complete destruction of summer-cut Sitka spruce (with bark off) by Teredo action was reported to be a matter of record at this Station. In order to combat this destruction of wooden marine struc- tures, two types of treatment have been used on piling. The piling of the New Navy Dock was treated with arsenious trioxide, copper sulphate, and zine sulphate. In April 1946, it was stated that a recent inspec- tion of this piling showed no Teredo action, and it was reported to be sound. The pier at Old Sitka is a partially completed, cancelled project. The piling used for this structure was treated by an elec-= trolytic open-tank process, in which copper sulphate, sulphuric acid, and other chemicals were used. A small boat recently broke off a sturdy=looking pile to which it was tied. The ensuing curiosity lead to taking out several samples of electrolytic-treated piling. It was found that all such piling was completely destroyed in less than 2 years after installation. The electrolytic open-tank process is considered valueless against Teredo activity in this area. Figure 7 shows considerable action on the exterior of an electrolytic, copper- sulphate-treated pile, and figure 8 shows the interior of the same pile completely riddled, with full-grown Teredos in view. It is a matter of record that other installations with this treatment have failed within a comparatively brief period. A34.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 10 ft at mean low water; the range of tide was 11 ft; the current was one-fourth knot. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was ees) F. The average salinity of the water was ap- proximately 1,450 grains per gallon. The local pollution was said to be zero. 152 A34.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae (Bankia setacea) were more or less active at this location throughout the period of the test. In the control panels, only 2 embryonic specimens occurred, and these specimens were in the panel submerged from July 16, 1945. They occurred in 12 of the 16 test panels, attaining a maximum length of 290 mm in 8 months. Six, of the panels were from 25% to 100% filled in this time. The breeding season at this location can not be exactly determined from the brief test because of the extremely limited occurrence of Teredinidae in the control panels, but considering their occurrence in the test panels, it appears to extend from February to at least the middle of July. The attack rated very heavy in 1945 and medium heavy in 1946. 2. Limmnoria. Limnoria were active at this location throughout the duration of the test. They occurred in all except one of the control panels, the maximum number being 850 in any one panel. They occurred in every one of the test panels. From the time the test board was submerged late in 1944 there was a rapid increase in the Limnoria population, which attained a peak rating of very heavy in the panel removed on July 16, 1945, after 8 months' submergence. After reaching the peak rating, the attack subsided somewhat, but again attained a peak rating of very heavy in the 8-month panel removed on January 15, 1946. It again subsided noticeably, but attained a rating of medium heavy in the panel removed on August GE 1946, when the operation of the test board was discontinued. A34.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred as traces on 16 of the 21 control panels and as traces to occasionally light deposits on all of the 21 test panels. 2. Algae. Algae occurred on only one control panel and on 11 of the 21 test panels. The growths were mostly traces but were light occasionally. Most of these forms were green algae, but red and brown algae also occurred. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids ). Hydroids occurred as traces on 8 control panels and on 15 test panels. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred on 5 control panels and on 17 test panels. Cribilina annulata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra monostachys, Electra sp., Tegella unicornis, and a member of the Alderinidae were identified. ' 153 Filamentous Bryozoa occurred on 3 control panels and on 10 test panels. Bugula flabellata and Bugula sp. were the only forms identified. c. Annelida (annelid worms). Serpulid (Serpula) tubes were not present on any of the control panels but occurred on 5 test panels. d. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balenus (barnacles) were not present on any of the control panels but occurred in small numbers on 2 test panels, the maximm diameter recorded being 4 mm after 8 months' submergence. A few amphipods occurred on one panel each of both the control and test panels. e. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Miscellaneous nonboring mollusks occurred occasionally as follows: Anomia (jingle-shells) occurred on one control panel and on 6 of the 21 test panels. The largest number on any one panel was 30, and the maximmm size recorded was 15 mm on a panel submerged for 8 months. Mytilus (mussels) were not present on the control panels, but occurred on 7 of the 21 test panels. The maximum number on any panel was 60, and the maximum length recorded was 14 mm on a panel submerged for 8 aeniine., Traces of Pecten (scallops) and Saxicava occurred on single test panels. A354.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. A test board of the panel type was operated at the U. S. Naval Air Station at Sitka, Alaska, from November 15, 194) until its discontinuance on August 16, 1946, to determine the identity and prevalence of marine borers and eye agents at this location. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were more or less active at this location, the attack rating very heavy in 1945 and medium heavy in 1946. The breeding season is difficult to determine because of the extremely limited occurrence of Teredinidae in the control panels and the short duration of the test, but it appears to extend from February to at least the middle of July. Limnoria were active at this location through- out the period of the test, and the attacks attained peak ratings of very heavy by the summer of 1945 -and again early in 196. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter included hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, ser- pulid worms, barnacles and amphipods, and nonboring mollusks. Of these organisms, hydroids and encrusting Bryozoa occurred with the greatest frequency; filamentous Bryozoa occurred with less frequency; while the occurrence of the others, as well as of the algae, was merely sporadic or occasional. 154 Section 35 INDIAN ISLAND, HADLOCK, WASHINGTON -- U. S. NAVAL MAGAZINE AND NET DEPOT A35.Q1 Location of the Test Station and Test Board A test board of the panel type, designated by the symbol USWNII-1, was installed July 18, 1944, at the U. S. Naval Magazine and Net Depot at Indian Island, Hadlock, Washington. It was placed at the southwest corner of the dock on Indian Island, 150 ft out from the shore on the eastern side of the southern end of Port Townsend, on a branch of Admiralty Inlet leading southward into Washington from the Strait of Juan de Fuca between northwestern Washington and Vancouver Island. The location is east of Irondale and northeast of Hadlock in Jefferson County. The test board was installed in the vicinity of untreated piling as requested. (This location appears to have been selected because the piling at the ferry landing is treated, and the piling at the pier is steel.) The operation of this test board is being continued. The results have been summarized to the end of 1947. Local experience with piling and dolphins indicated that an untreated tight-barked pile would deteriorate in 10 to 12 months. It was noted, however, that conditions have been found to vary to a great extent in various sections of the Sound. It was stated that this pile would be good for 3 to 5 years in the Discovery Bay area, while in the Quilcene Bay area, it would be good for only 6 to 8 months. A35.02 Hydrographic Date The depth of water at the location where the test board was installed was 25 ft, the tidal range 7 to 10 ft, the current approximately 25 knots. The temperature of the water at the time of installation was 55° _F. The salinity was given as 26.3 parts of chlorides as sodium chloride per thousand. The pollution was reported to be negligible. A3Z5.05 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae (Bankia setacea) were very active throughout the period of the test. The attack was so destructive that on November 6, 1945, it was requested that the panels be removed and a new series installed which would be submerged for 4 months instead of the previous 8-month basis. This change was made later in the month. Teredinidae occurred in 12 of the 38 control panels, ranging from minute pits to embryonic or minute specimens. The breeding season was limited to the period beginning in the middle of March and running 155 through December. There were specimens in all except 5 of the 40 test panels, some panels becoming riddled in the short period of 6 months. All except 2 of the 9 consecutive panels submerged from 6 to 8 months up to October 19, 1945, were riddled, and one of these panels was well filled. A maximum length of 360 mm was recorded in a panel submerged for 8 months. The attack rated very heavy in 1945 and appeared to be equally heavy ' in 1946 and 19147, although the period of submergence had been reduced from 8 to i months. 2. lLimnoria. Limnoria were active throughout the period of the test but never occurred in particularly destructive numbers. They occurred in 21 of the 38 control panels, but there were never more than 125 in any single panel, and no forms occurred until after March 18, 1945. In the test panels, they occurred in all except 2 of the 39, but the attack never exceeded a low slight rating in any one year. A35.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on 53 of the 358 control panels and on all except one of the same number of test panels. In the control panels, the deposits ranged from traces to occasionally light, while on the test panels they ranged from traces to mostly light, and moderate on one panel. 2. Algae. A trace of green algae occurred on a single test panel. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids and Metridium). Hydroids occurred on 8 of the 38 control panels and on 28 of the same number of test panels. They rated as traces on the control panels and from traces to occasionally light growths on the test panels. ) ee) 7-5] 7-8 June -- Tet: -- Teal -- eD July Tas 7.0 Went 79 fe ON ation 8.0 (Sab Te Tay August Tots 7.5 fod) 6.8 Toth fod September Wa -- 7.8) <-- 8.1] -- October 7.0 UD 7.0 oe Te2h tee November Tat) TAS Tecis) wares) Se Oe rat December (lS (oD) TDs Seep — 7-3 A40.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Teredo navalis and TI. (Lyrodus ) sp., were active at all three locations throughout the period covered by the tests. The detailed figures on their occurrence at each of these locations are summarized below. a. Shipbuilding Ways No. 8. Teredinidae occurred in 9 of the 37 control panels. They ranged from minute pits and embryonic specimens to those specimens up to 20 mm in length. The breeding season at this location appeared to extend from the middle of May through October. In the test panels, Teredinidae occurred in 29 of the 38, with a maxima length recorded in one panel submerged for 8 months. Two of these panels were filled after having been submerged for 8 and 9 months, respectively. The attack at this location rated very heavy in 1945, moderate in 1946, and very heavy in 1947. 178 b. Finger Pier No. 21. Teredinidae occurred in 8 of the 32 control panels, but there were none in the panels removed from September 21, 194 to May 23, 1947, with the exception of the panel submerged from September 3 to October 9, 1946. They ranged from minute pits to specimens up to 42 mm in length. The breeding season at this location appeared to extend from the middle of May through October. Teredinidae occurred in 16 of the 32 test panels and again none occurred in the panels removed from September 21, 1944, to September 3, 1946, but they did occur in every panel thereafter. A maximum length of 320 mm (about 15 inches) was recorded in a panel submerged for 9 months. The last 2 of these panels were filled. ‘At this location there was no attack in 1945; the attack in 1946 rated moderate; and in 1947, very heavy. c. Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. Teredinidae occurred in 6 of the 32 control panels here, but there were none in the panels removed from October 23, 1944 to May 23, 1947, except in the panel submerged from September 4 to October 9, 1946. The specimens ranged from minute pits to individuals up to 25 mm in length. The breeding season appeared to extend from the middle of May through October. Teredinidae occurred in 25 of the 35 test panels, with a maximum length of 135 mm recorded on one panel submerged for 8 months. Six consecutive panels removed from late 19 to early 1945 were riddled, and one panel taken out in 1947 was filled. The attack at this location rated very heavy in 1944 and 1945, moderate in 1946, and very heavy in 197. 2. lLimnoria. No evidence of Limnoria occurred in either the control or test panels at any of the three locations. AhO.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred on all the panels except 2 of the control panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8. The deposits, in general, ranged from traces to light or rarely moderate on the panels of the control series and from light to moderate on the panels of the test series. 2. Algae. Traces of green algae appeared on a single panel of each of the control and test series at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8. 3. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred with great frequency on the panels at all locations. They were on 25 of the 37 control panels and 36 of the 38 test panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8 on 14 of the 32 control panels and 27 of the 32 test panels at 179 Finger Pier No. 21, and on 24 of the 35 control panels and 31 of the 32 test panels at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. The growths generally rated as traces or rarely moderate on the panels of the control series and from traces to moderate on the panels of the test series. Tubularia occurred at all locations, and Pennaria sp. was identified at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred more or less abundantly on the panels at all locations. They were on 2 of the 37 control panels and 13 of the 38 test panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, on 4 of the 32 control panels and 8 of the same number of test panels at Finger Pier No. 21, and on a single one of the 35 control panels and 13 of the 52 test panels at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. Electra sp. was the only form identified, and this form occurred at all three locations. One of the test panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8 was 50% covered and one test panel at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier was 25% covered. A trace of a filamentous Bryozoan (Bugula sp.) occurred on a single control panel at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. c. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred with great frequency and abundance on the panels at all three locations. They were on 25 of the 37 control panels and all 38 of the test panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, on 20 of the 32 control panels and 27 of the same number of test panels at Finger Pier No. 21, and on 25 of the 35 control panels and 29 of the 32 test panels at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. On the control panels, maximum diameters of 9, 8, and 8 mm were recorded for the locations in the above order, while on the test panels, maximm diameters of 18, 12, and 18 m were attained in 8, 4, and 8 months, respectively. At Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, 20 of the control panels were 40% to 100% covered, and all 38 of the test panels were 20% to 100% covered. At Finger Pier No. 21, 13 of the control panels were 30% to 90% covered, and 23 of the test panels were 5% to 100% covered. At the Naval Ammnition Depot Pier, 18 of the control panels were 40% to 100% covered, and 21 of the test panels were 30% to 100% covered. Corophium occurred on a single test panel at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, on 4 of the test panels at Finger Pier No. 21, and on 3 of the test panels at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier, the largest number appearing on any panel being 100 forms. Other amphipods occurred on 3 of the test panels at both Finger Pier No. 21 and the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier. d. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Mytilus (mussels) occurred on 20 of the 38 test panels at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, on 2 of the control panels and 15 of the test panels at Finger Pier No. 21, and on 7 of the control panels and 25 of the test panels at the Naval Ammnition Depot Pier. A maximum length of 17 mm was recorded on the - 180 control panels, and maximum lengths of 40, 38, and 42 mm were recorded on the test panels at these locations in 83, 9, and 9 months, respectively. At Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, 2 of the test panels were 60% to 100% covered, and at the Naval Ammmnition Depot Pier, 4 of the test panels were 25% to 100% covered. e. Chordata (tunicates). A few colonies of tunicates (Botryllus schlosseri) occurred on a single test panel at Finger Pier No. 21. A4O.05 Summary and Conclusions 1. Installation. Three test boards of the panel type installed at different locations at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard at Vallejo, California, on June 20 and 21, 1944, are still being operated. The results of these tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. 2. Test Results. a. Borers. Teredinidae were active at all locations throughout most of the period covered by the tests, the breeding season at each place apparently extending from the middle of May through October. At Shipbuilding Ways No. 8, the attack rated very heavy in 1945, moderate in 1946, and very heavy in 1947. At Finger Pier No. 21, there was no attack in 1945, only a moderate one in 1946, but a very heavy attack in 1947. At the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier, the attack rated very heavy in 1944 and 1945, moderate in 1946, and very heavy in 1947. No evidence of Limnoria occurred in either the control or test panels at any of the three locations. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter comprised hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, barnacles and amphipods, mussels, and tunicates. Of these organisms, hydroids and barnacles occurred with greatest frequency, with the latter in unusual abundance; mussels occurred with considerable frequency; encrusting Bryozoa occurred with less frequency; and the occurrence of the others, as well as the algae, was purely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. The Teredinidae attack was moderate in 1948 and slight in 1949 at Shipbuilding Ways No. 8. There was no evidence of Limnoria either year at this location. At Finger Pier No. 21, a medium heavy attack of Teredinidae occurred in 1948, and a moderate attack occurred in 1949. Again, no Limnoria occurred either year at this location. Examination of panels from the test board at the Naval Ammunition Depot Pier revealed a moderate Teredinidae attack in 1948 and a medium heavy onslaught the following year. No Limnoria at all made their appearance either year on this test board. 181 Section 41 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA -- SAN FRANCISCO NAVAL SHIPYARD A41.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Board _ A panel-type test board was installed on July 5, 1944, at Hunter's Point, San Francisco, California, at the station formerly known as the U. S. Naval Drydocks, but now designated the U..S. Naval Shipyard. “When an attempt was made to remove the first panels on August 12, it was discovered that the board was missing. A new one was at once installed, and the test is considered to have begun on the last-named date. The board was installed at the end of the second pier east of Drydock No. 5 between berths 57 and 58. This pier, a timber structure, extends 400 ft into San Francisco Bay. This test board was designated by the symbol USNMI-4. The operation of this test board is being Soa? and the results of the test have been summarized to the end of 1947. The destructive attacks py leredinidae in the San Francisco Bay region have long been of major concern, and a number of intensive studies of the situation-have been made and published. The destructiveness of Teredinidae is well illustrated in figure 11, which shows an untreated . Ponderosa pine pile from the storage boom dolphin at Hunter's Point, which was driven on February 8, 1943, and broke on June 18, 1943. AM1.02 Hydrographic Data The depth of water where the test board was installed was 26 ft at mean low water. The tidal range was 9 ft, with a mean range of 6 ft. The current velocity was given as 2.2 knots (at time of tropic currents). The température of the water at the time of the original installation in July was 64° F. Two samples of water from the Bay, taken 23 ft below mean low water, were submitted to the Industrial Laboratory for analysis of salinity in 1946. One taken at SubBase (end of Pier B), 2 hours after low tide on March 20, showed a salinity (expressed ‘as sodium chloride) of 23.1 parts per thousand. The second, taken at SubBase (head of Pier B), at high tide on March 21, showed a salinity (expressed as sodium chloride) of 22.2 parts per thousand. The Coast and Geodetic Survey Publication DW-2, November 1941, gives the following information on San Francisco Bay salinity. 182 Salinity expressed as sodium chloride in parts per thousand Dumbarton Bridge 1937 Yerba Buenas 1947 September October November December A4l.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. Teredinidae, including Bankia setacea, Teredo (Lyrodus ) diegensis, and Teredo navalis, were very active at this location throughout the period of the test. They occurred in 18 of the 40 control panels, ranging from minute pits to embryonic specimens. The breeding season appears to extend from March to the middle of January. Teredinidae occurred in all of the 39 test panels (one panel was not received). Specimens up to 440 mm in length were recorded in a panel submerged for 8 months, and 13 of the panels in 1945 and 1946 were filled or more or less completely riddled in 8 months. The attack in 1945 and 1946 was very heavy, but in 1947 it rated only moderate. 2. Limnoria. Limnoria were quite active throughout the period of the test. They occurred on 28 of the 40 control panels, with a maximum number of 660 recorded on 2 of these panels in 1946. They occurred in all except one of the 39 test’ panels. The Limnoria attack never rated more ae slight in 1945 and 1946 but attained a rating of medium heavy in 1947. 183 Al1l.04 Fouling Agents 1. Silt. Silt occurred as traces to light deposits on all except 3 of the 40 control panels and as light to moderate deposits on all of the 39 test panels. 2. Algae. Traces of green algae occurred on a single panel of both the control and test series. 5. Invertebrate animal phyla. a. Coelenterata (hydroids). Hydroids occurred as traces on 25 of the 40 panels and as traces to light growths on 37 of the 39 test panéls. Tubularia was identified repeatedly.. b. Bryozoa (encrusting and filamentous). Encrusting Bryozoa occurred sparingly on a single control panel and on 4 of the 39 test panels. Cryptosula sp. was the only one identified. Filamentous - Bryozoa occurred more or less abundantly on 7 of the 40 control panels and on 25 of the 39 test panels. Bugula flabellata and Bugula sp. were the only identifications. 8 c. Arthropoda (crustaceans). Balanus (barnacles) occurred in unusual abundance on 27 of the 40 control panels and on all of the 39 test panels. Eleven of the control panels were 25% to 100% covered, and 34 of the test panels were 20% to 100% covered. Maximum diameters of 9 mm were recorded on a control panel and 13 mm on a test panel after 8 months' submergence. Corophium occurred abundantly on a single test panel. d. Mollusca (nonboring mollusks). Mytilus (mussels) occurred on a single control panel and on 19 of the 39 test panels. They ranged in numbers from a few to 40 or 50. A maximm diameter of 17 mum was recorded on a control panel and 31 mm on 4 test panel after 8 months' submergence. A solitary specimen of Anomia (jingle-shells), 12 mm in diameter, occurred on a single test panel. e. Chordata (tunicates). Traces of tunicates (Botryllus schlosseri) occurred on a single control panel and on 2 of the test panels. A41.05 Summary and Conclusions. 1. Installation. «a test board of the panel type installed at the U. S. Naval Drydocks at Hunter's Point, San Francisco, California, on August 12, 1944, 1s still being operated. The results of this test have been summarized to the end of 1947. 184 2. Test Results. ‘a. Borers. Teredinidae were very active at this location throughout the period of the test, the breeding season apparently extending from March to the middle of January. The attack rated very heavy,in 1945 and 1946 but only moderate in 1947. Limnoria also were quite active throughout the period of the test. ‘The attack never rated more than slight in 1945 and 1946 but attained a rating of medium » heavy in 197. b. Fouling Organisms. Silt, algae, and invertebrate animals belonging to 5 phyla contributed to fouling of the panels. The latter comprised hydroids, encrusting and filamentous Bryozoa, barnacles and amphipods, mussels and jingle-shells, and tunicates. Hydroids and barnacles occurred with great frequency, the latter occurring in unusual abundance. Filamentous Bryozoa occurred with considerably less frequency, while the occurrence of the others, as well as the algae, was purely sporadic or occasional. 3. Recent Addenda. At this station, the Teredinidae attack rated as heavy in 1948 and very heavy the following year. Limnoria attained a medium heavy rating in 1948 and a moderate rating in 1949. Chelura was plentiful in both years. 185 Section he “PORT CHICAGO, CALIFORNIA -- U. S. NAVAL MAGAZINE AL®.01 Location of the Test Station and Test Boards Three test boards of the panel type were installed January 3, 1945, at the U. S. Naval Magazine at Port Chicago, California. This installation is located weet of where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers enter Suisun Bay, east of the Mare Island Naval Shipyard on San Pablo Bay at Vallejo. The first of these test boards, designated by the symbol USNMI-5, is located near the northeast corner of the Barge Pier. The second, designated by the symbol USNMI-6, is located about 65 ft west of the northeast corner of Wharf No.2, and the third, designated by the symbol USNMI-7, is located about 25 ft webtt. of the northeast corner of Wharf No. 3. The second of the boards is east Of the first, and the third is east of the second, The test board - atthe Barge Pier was found to be missing in March 1947, so a new board was installed on April 4. The operation of these test boards is being continued, and the results of’ these tests have been summarized to the end of 1947. Ale.02 Hydrographic Data 1. Test Board No. l (USNMI-5), The depth of water where this test ~ board was installed is 35 ft below mean low water. The board was installed with its top at a depth of 18 ft and its lower end at a au of 24 ft be- low mean low water. The usual range of tide was 4.5 ft, 1.e., from 5.3 ft to 0.8 ft above low water. The highest estimated tide was 8.0 ft above low water, and the lowest estimated tide was 2.0 ft below low water. The estimated extreme variation in the water height was 10.0 ft. The strength of current was not reported, Water temperature at the time of installation _was 46° F, A sample of channel water taken in the immediate vicinity of the test board on January 3, 1945, contained 862 ppm of salt. The water was very clear. 2, Test Board No, 2 (USNMI-6). The depth of water where this test board was installed was 28% ft below low water. The board was in- stalled with its top at a depth of 21 ft and its lower end at a depth of 27 ft below water. The tidal range, temperature, and pollution were the same as data given for Test Board No. 1. A sample of water taken in the immediate vicinity of the test board on January 3, 1945, contained 217 ppm of salt. 186 3. Test Board No. 3 (USNMI-7).. The depth of water where this test board was installed was 27 ft below low water. The board was installed with its top at a depth of 19 ft and its lower ehd at a depth of 25 ft below low water. The tidal range, temperature, and pollution were the same as data given for Test Board No. 1. A sample of water taken in the immediate vicinity of the test board on January 3, 1945, contained 135 ppm of salt. Further data on the temperature, salinity, and pH reaction of the water at these locations are given in the tables below. 4, Water Temperature. The following record of water tempera- ture in degrees F, from readings made at various times each month, shows the general range throughout the year at each location. Barge Pier ' September October November December 187 5. Water Salinity. THe following record of salinity of the water (as sodium chloride in parts per million), made at various times each month, shows the general range throughout the year at each location. Month Barge Pier Wharf No. 2 Wharf No. 3 (Sa DS ENS es pighe | 1947 | gh | 19hk6 [| 19h7 January 862 ok 28 | 5,800 15 Be) ||) 55, 700 February 1h2 } 3,870 1,960 | 1,420 149 | 1,370 850 March 232 120 60 160 174 100 110 April 150 79 93 | 1,980 39 86} 1,220 May 46 | -----} 7,460 | 52] ----- 7,460 46] ----- 6,500 June 1,250 413 SH |) sess 460 eis |p saaue July 1,850 | 5,640 Fe TOM DOO 630| 2,290 | 5,300 7,150 113,400 } 4,000{ 6,230 | 13,700 August {7,470 | 9,320 7,350 }11,200 | 3,730{ 7,080 | $,800 September] 8,270 | 11,000 4,260 }11,100 | 2,400] 3,280 | 10,900 7,700 | 3,300 | 5,000} 7,700} 2,700 7,600 | 6,900 286| 7,600] 6,100 October |6,700 | 7,920 November |5,660 | 12,300 December 7135 | 10,900 6. Hydrogen-Ion Determination. The following record of pH determination of the water, made at various times each month, shows the general range throughout the year at each location. Month Barge Pier Wharf No. 2 Wharf No. 3 SEY ei PRES a es ew January Teas === eae) Ged February --- ieee --- 7.5 --- 7.6 March 8.0 TeO ee eo Bet 7.6 April Teen =se ee Te es Teo May —— 43 --- CG --- ey) June eo ae GED <== Toi --- July 8.0 Tol 8.2 Wot 7.6 Tee August 8.2 7.9 7.9 Te 8.0 Than September eo eo We (a5) (ou 70d October 7.3 Tak Tas 7.6 ee) 7.6 November Sol Teese) 8.0 7.9 sya fea December Te6 oll Wen ice Tee To 188 A4O.03 Marine Borers 1. Teredinidae. There was relatively little evidence of the activity of Teredinidae, including Teredo navalis and T. sp., at any of these locations except during 1917. The details of the occurrence of thse borers at each location is summarized below. a. Barge Pier. Only 4 minute pits occurred in 2 of the control panels submerged from August 8 to October 6, 1947. Teredinidae were recorded in 5 of the 31 test panels, but none at all were noticed until the latter part of 1946. The largest number found in any of the test panels was 67 in one panel submerged from April 25 to December 10, 1947. The maximum length recorded was 90 mm in 2 panels, each submerged for 6 months. The breeding season at this location appears to be relatively brief, apparently lasting from August to early October. There was no attack in 1945, only a single specimen was recorded late in 1946, and the attack in 1947 rated only moderate. b. Wharf No. 2.. There were only 2 minute pits in the control panel submerged from September 5 to October 6, 1947. ‘Teredinidae occurred only in the last 5 test panels, which had been submerged from November }, 1946 to December 10, 1947. ‘The largest number in any test panel was 64 in. one panel submerged from December 15, 1946 to September 5, 1947. The maximum length recorded was 65 m, this specimen appearing in a panel submerged 9 months. The breeding season at this location seems to be extremely brief, probably lasting only from August to early October. There was no attack in 1945 or 1946, and that of 1947 rated only moderate. c. Wharf No. 5. Only 2 minute pits occurred in the control panel submerged from September 5 to October 6, 1947. Teredinidae occurred only in the last 3 test panels, which had been submerged from February 26 to December 10, 1947. ‘The maximum length recorded was 60 um in this same panel after being submerged for 73 months. The breeding season at this location is extremely brief, apparently being limited to September and early October. There was no attack in 1945 or 1946, and that in 1947 rated very slight. The slight to relatively light Teredo attacks at these locations are unquestionably caused by the low salinity conditions which prevail during a large part of the year and which are unfavorable for the develop- ment of borers. It is interesting to note, in this connection, that the attack at Wharf No. 2 was lighter than that at the Barge Pier, and that the attack at Wharf No. 3 was lighter than that at Wharf No. 2. 189 In other words, the intensity of attack diminished from west to east. «=| HOTT HE6T | T-avE Teued Ly6T | pue oF =| H0OTE GE6T | S-HSW G¢E6T 04 «=| Hote qe6T | q-OW Ly6T | 09 | Tewed iH6T EWSNSA jeueg aaeeenatie Qc6L 04 «| H90TE qE6T | C- SOOTA gTeuM “4° y| 007 800.7y pue itozueg JreqM 109 sry 3 TB0D -,00sqoueg e2pTag BUOTE A m0 meee yoo7.s00.1y pues sosueg UOT ss Tua -m0p AeaMus TE 9784S SULey eee PeeH USTHTerquep cupey asat moqune Z| IOAO OSpT Ag WeaTtTis| -yo00uey NO|LY9O7 914103dS qodeq pazenp 48809 *S°O ereg uot oes Teaey ‘sn “au TerWep eureay uoTssTm -u0p Seaqsty e9e4S Supe q10ds.zee¢ qatodsyong amosueg Joq.reH 489KT300S oquey «eg £30, haeseq “SN UWeATTINS =yooouey penupquoo ‘aNTWN AODNADY ONILV¥Y¥3d000 NOILV907 269 | | jeueg Ly6T | Due | : of =| H00TE g | HA f°) 0 _ Opetey, g “IE | H€60 | e-dd hh “ON ¢ Fh 4 | ; : ; iG jeusg | 1y6T | pue | : 09 «| XOOTE espTag) “op Teupuze;, | g H 6 0 opeseT g °2L || Hf6T | T-id|° PeOsttTe _ pusTa4og i | I oyét Teuun} Sutrop yzodsuezy, | (oh *oeds | -o8y JIeyM Y UneTOTMeG | -g H or 0 opezey, g 0 Q9¢6L | d-dvd| JO pue “Ni UeoTsemy ueg Fi | LH6T beg 0% | Teusg| ‘zeta ATd uor7e49S 6 EW ct () cI O || wH6T [[-dNso | -dns Teas; TeAeN “S°n| pUBTIdod | n C a | Si (ys ct 0% | H0CTE| “ON Hoety wy Tea | q “TL g 0 ‘ 8 (0) +E6T | S-ON gO WyNos| -Uep Sure Uyer | o A l a quod | j TAO YOW ‘| *9edg | JO pue’|*Ni Sefateusfta JO | azoqrey | rd iS) 3] te) a 0 || 966T) --- Uo freq] neomg “s°p | eq 400g \ a 3 1H6T e2pTag 07 | 300TE JOAT "wed Tey; 8 H TT (0) g “Iq, | HE6T | 9-0 | JOOBdeeysS| -uep ouTaY | JessBOSTM | | Teueg JOAT | LH6T | pue 807.1004) UOT ssTu | 04 | s00Ta |\‘ezpTaq “4s| -mop Lemus TH l “GT GE6T | S-HSW | UW}4oMSpeH| 0989 CUTE | UO9seMOT, | | 1094.8.2my, | "a “a fq "ad Teay | eUMO JTeyM| -USp euTEy | pUeTAOON | penupanoo “aNTVA - IN NIVLILV NOILVY9O7 9141903dS AINA ONILVY3d000 NOILV907 Sean a31411N3q1 o1 aayoaa ah SHLNOW Satie VIYONWNIT 3V¥d10¥10Hd Q31/411N301 334930 swuod SHLNOW SVOINIO3Y¥3L 33yu930 SNOINVITSISIN SdYsu08 NVIJOViSnYo SYsyod NVOSNTION 2 “Ih 8 “aL NIViILV OE SHL NOW VIXONNIT SNOINVIISZOSIN G314i1N3G1 SWYOS 61 NIVILV 3V010V10Hd ope.zey7, STTeavu ope.zey, ope.zez, ope.zey, G31411LN301 SWYOF Tt NIVLLYV OL SHI NOW AVGINIO3831L “TL Gc6T 1H6T 04 G¢6T LH6T 04 46T LY6T 04 *oeds T-HSW jeued pue HOOTE T-HSW IOATY FIO ‘opptig 8, (Tess JOATY YIOL ‘espTag 8, Tress epts aeatadn jo pue Yy40u “(LT PT°) oL°90T *4a E °ON Freq) jo pue ‘qT NOILVIO71 S¥34¥08 NVIOVISNYD S$¥j408 NVOSN1ION 914193dS “Wad SUPE 3 U09S0g pus 710g yqox qoveg oaoqrteos u u u 1 | | | ] | | | ] | ! ] | | | | | ] | | | | | | | ] | | ] | | | | | | | | puels40d penapques ‘aNTYW ADNISDV ONI11V¥43d0090 NOILV9O1 a ‘Il, eprs | LE6T “N “ozpTag - 09 «| HOOTE | TLOL 2e4T 8 “a Gf 8 O || 7€6T | ¢-HNO uo; dareq, Fi Fy opts LE6T °s “edptag | 09 «| HOOT | TLOL 247 ez; qsdirey Moseg 8 *a1 8 ) opezey, 8 °ai || }€6T | T-HNO| uojdmeq) MeN Jo eAeqg | uogdieH | cnet 09 , | HOOTE Fret 8 s 8 0 8 QO || TH6T | ST=Na p.toou0 9) in rh | 1 LH6T ol | 09 | HOOTE | “ON OF pTA¢| | 8 H ee 0) opetey, 8 "ai || 7€6t | Gi-Wa | JO pue “HN ri FA l | *oeds G “Th 4 0) 4 O || S¢6T | HI-Wa eH a 4 | On6T OL | 09 | MooTd | “ON eFPTag) “au CUTE | 8 i 8 0 g O | x€6t | qt-wa| go pues *s| 3 wo9s0g po oe 1 TT LH6T “ON Wi0eg | ST Teavu 09 «| Teueg go pue | 8 W 19 0) opedey, 8 S || 76T B-HMM PreoquT FA | : | Sig) “ON U7 JEg pret | ST Teavu go pue| -drys Teaey | “ opeiey, Paeoqgno| YAnousgd0g HIMoMs_AOg | GHTHSANVH MAN gaiaiinaay | NIVL+V NOILV907 AONSDY SISER)EKG SWYOS ON 1 914193dS | INILVuad009 SHLNOW ‘ SVGINIGS83L NIV1ILV OL SHLNOW NIVILV NOILV907 G3141LN3IG1 334930 Swuod sins SNOINVITASOSIN VIYONNIT 3V¥d010V10Hd SY3Y¥O8 NVADVISNYD SY¥ay¥0d8 NVOSN1TIOW 1 1 . 1 9 Ss 9 0 9 | 0 TH6l| Daan ries 5 = *9edg "09 "00 aul é €‘o‘T| oFs,00TH pofAtes szeMog J) S L ) L 0 O6T | - Daa |Te98e0n0TH | puETsug AeH 2 yereqoBem awoupsug = Z *] pue espT ay £40un09 STTeacu = Oot, vemsTE gO eoTFIO , 8 s ) 0 ope.ey, g "aL || gc6t| T-oa| preyoty| ‘*op xessq a Lyét | aS 09 | 900TE ¢oz| ‘“a°a Cura | I @. |W g 0 8 0 || H€6T |vet-Wa| "om oP DTaE woqs0g « TH6T 99908 1 ; 04% | JOoTg “nyjosssay jo g s g O | 8 0 -|| 6€6C| St-wo|2eTa ©9299 | Wa TeeKuoMM0D aeqaeonoTy | | *oedg | ha h 0 H 0 + 0 n6r | Naan 5 fi = oe | *oedg | G 0 G 0 sie 0 HOT | Naan , ‘ *oeds : | G r) G 0 G 0 zy6t| Naan x r ee 3 “oads ge = 50 9 0 9 () TH6t | Naan 3 m 5 cal San : : 2 %| Oft0eTa poTAdes temog 9 0 9 ry 9 Oo On6T |T-NaaN| TITuzeaeq | pueTeuq aeg 4 THOT 04 | X00Ta oS | ‘u’a eureW| . 8 ) 8 0 8 0 HE6T | CT-Wa|°ON OP PT aE @ wojsog Auodémqaey ; SLISMHOVSSWH NIVLLY daisitnagi| N'Vttv gaidiinag) | NIVttV “ON No11v207 AONZOV on SWuo4 SWuO4 OL 1338930} BVSA! yo3, | o14toads | 9NILVu3d009 OHO SHLNOW Atay SHLNOW 3v01GV10Hd SVGINIGOSY3L $No3Nv1130S IW | VIYONNIT SuY3y0d NVJDVISNYD SY¥dy¥08 NVOSN1TION *oedg 9 “a1, 0 ope.eg, 9 °2n || cy6l | ddan u u “ *9eds : L W 0 L 0 || Ty6C| daaN a i 5 I | -9eds ‘oO "09 | 4°°g| OFt00TH geopAteg IeMog | 9 “II, 0 9 O || Oy6 | -daaN jeep ATses0eq) pueTZoy AN = GH6T LH6T I uz quesead 09 | ‘oedg} jaeqa - | Bmpeug a HA r) ope.tey, L s | gs6t| t-p| to au 09 THO FIMD “ ! ; oe ° I B Coley ki sana | (0) Z (0) L46T ol-Wa Py yA} in ou | | LYET 1 03 =| 390TE raise | (0) 6 (0) +6 | cL-Wa| “ON ae i gece | | En6T : | | 03 | 390Tq | “Wa CUTE eos Oo | g O || TR6T | 6U-Wa | “ON obvi 3 UORsog eS S | | | *oedg | | | 0 G 0 || 96T | Daan A A “ | | | *oedg I 0 G (0) | Gy6l | Dail i 4 a e | *-9eds | ) 4 O || tH6T| Sam) c u Fy *oeds | 0 G O || Gé6t| Daan in ee u | : . °09 “09 | *o9edg| 2F1}00TY jeo;ATes ToMog I () G O || ey6T | Daan | teqseon0T5| pueTsuq Aey SEELEY | | NIVILV OL SH1LNOW NIVILV NIVILV (oy SHLNOW SVGINIG34831 G3141LN301 SWYOS NOILVIO1 AINIDV 2141934S | SNI1vusd000 Oa G3iS11N301 334930 Swuo4 kn VIYONNID 3¥d1GV¥10Hd 334930 SUdyOd NVOSNTION SNOINVIISOSIN SYdyOs NVAOVISNYS ot opezey, opezey, SP TSA wr opezey, 9 CST O46T |-DSdaN *oeds QnET | SScanl *oedg Gy6T | Esau *oedg qH6T | ISaaN *oeds Cy6T | GScan *oeds en6l | Hada *oeds TH6T | GSaan €°e‘T On6T |- asada LH6T 0% | S90TE cc6T| L-OW *oedg gy6T | ada *oeds EGHIM *oeds aaa *oeds atin ‘0D WETT -oeTg meTe: bre} OT 1Q0ETHT sey AT zeae ge) | u . “u au u u u ‘op But -09 -LUSTI OF 13p9Tares Teaog 275 pue[sug Aen “09 870) 2% Te0p pueTsuq Ao perupzu0s “sLISSOHOVSSWA NIVILV OL SHLNOW g3!14d11N301 SWYOS NIVILV OL SH1NOW 3V010V10Hd SVGINIG3S83L SYdu08 NVOSN1IOW NOILVIO1 914193dS AQINASV 2N11vusd009 NOI1V901 i} 1 I | 9 BW G 0 G 0 " u | | G W G () G 0 mn uw | | : G EW G 0) G () 0 8 | 9 EW 9 0 ope.e7, 9 “Ii 4 » | | | G W G (0) opezey, G Ss rh o | | L Ww L 0 L (6) " 0 | ! $9 BW Z $9 () £9 (0) u mle xo a | G s G 0 G 0 u a | | G fo) G 0 G (¢) u o | | I + "IL u (0) q 0 Py o | I . G BW G (0) G 0 u a | | | G H G 0 G 0 4“ a | | 09 | *oeds | °0D JUSTT poTAtes temog \ L H L a) L O || TH6T | DSaaN | SBD WeTeg | pueTauy acy weTEBg | perp quo “SLIGSAHOVSSVA NIVILV OL SHLNOW NIVILV NiVliy (one 33Yu93d UVaA SHLNOW AVGINIG3Y3L G3141/1N301 SWYOS NOILVOO7 9141903dS ADNADY ONILVY3d000 isa NOI1LV901 G31411LN301 334930 SWYo4 Shen VIYONWI 1 avd10V10Hd vow ee SY¥d4uod NVOSN1IOW SNOINVIITSOSIN SYdYO8 NVAOVISNYO i | | g H ) () g 0 Gc6T | 6-HH| BesTeuD A 5 z | jeueg | Lyé6t | vue J ! 09 | X0OTE P2PTAE °9S ‘op | (Rested) g BN 6 0 | 86 O || S€6L | Q-aH| UeTpTteW posTpy uoQsog to9s0g I- *oeds | L EW L 0 L o | ty6t| sam z 3 3 09 : | OF TQ00TH | “09 eoTA | *oeds 3 805 | -deg tJemog eal L - BW L (0) L () ON6 | Yaw | Weqanqang | pueTsug Ay O10Aeg | I yOoTa 4 °ON “Wa SupeH | 9 (0) 9 (0) 9 O || q€6T WIt-wa espTag 3 wOISOg beac ia a | a SIIOM | oTTqng go | THOT *qdeq ‘89908 | : 03 | 400TE | FreyM Teog| -mppessuH Jo | 8 | 8 0 g Oo || 6£6T | QT-WO| 98,cedmey] 4; Teeauowmo0g | uuty eal ; *oeds "09 OTTO TT | 9 ° I, 9 () 9 0 || g&6t| T-DT 3 sep Unf a (our eSpr sta" a oT | Su0T *oeds | ‘w 2°a@ JO | 480T | ; 6C6T | pues | “M95 009 | p-rTe0g) sTTeacu 04 | H00TE ‘OATH _ *09 F214 | ug9e BN 4g¢ 0 opezey, t9E s | e6t| T- engines +-9eTy Tereuep Ps JOATH apeu | CH6t snsnesg re | -Tsuq Aqgun0D | ST Teva 09 | HooTg |-4o eBprag | JO e275 70 | 8 E g 0 ope.ey, 8 “IL || gS61 | c-On| TITH xoa [Aqun0p xessq wus pemiyzu0S ‘SLISiSMHOVSSWN 7 NIVIIV NIVILV oL | oL SHLNOW SH1NOW VIYONNIT av01GV70Hd NiVLLV OL SHINOW AVGINIG3uaL G31/4)1N301 G3j/41LN301- SWY804 NOILVOO1 914193dS AQNADYV SNI1V43d0090 NOI1LVOO1 SNOINVIISOSIN SY34¥08 NVAOVISNYD Suisy0d NVOSN TION qepueg S pue 9804 LH6T ‘ospT Ig | : 09 «(| H00TE JIOAFY 8 HW 8 (0) 8 (0) q<6T | o-Wa seT teu) “ “ j 96 | as 04 | H00TE Jeaty | “Wy Sure ! 8 (0) 8 () 8 O || R€6L} T-Wa] seTz8U9 g woqsog A LH6T IOATY "09 | 0% | H00TE oTIe4W | Te0p @ 9m09 u 8 s 8 () 8 O || SE6T| G-pwigreqm Teop | pueTzuq Men : 9<6T I 09 «| X00TE eFpr ig | g “TI, 8 0 8 O || SC6T | TL-aa|"9S P4Os TV 4 mH | jTeueg | 146T| pure pue (asoq | 04 | y00Ta|"s ‘o2pTag "op | -seTzeq9) | 8 HW 8 0 8 oO || S€6t | oT-maa |g BesTeuD MOBTPA UoFsog HOASOH 1461 JeATY OF} powusmmy Sela | 09 | s00T@ |-s4n“FzeuM 8,°OD 885 | 9 W 8 | 8 oT 7eAW PayesnqoEssEy y Ie Tat | 8 S 8 0 8 | " mn | | | TOATY | 09 Wwe pure ores "09 g s “yzeqM | TIO wooveg el | g 0 u u u | | JoATY | sHTOM S309 03 | X00Tq |pug PUeTST 8,°09 SPD g grteyM Teop BIesnToOeSssay hi | | | (929704) | g ‘OD }9e27eq uoqsog | penuyzzuo ‘SLMSNHOVSSWH NOILVIO71 AINADY Q14193adS | ONILVY¥3d009 eytieroXe) NIVLLV NIVILY ce TON OL 334930 || sv3A] i o3) SHLNOW aiiwok SHINOW. VIYONNIT dvd10V¥10Hd SVGINIGSYSL SNOINVIISISIN SYsd¥O8 NVIDVLSNYD SYsuy08 NVOSN TION \ | LH6T 04 «| Teweg | prez Asay paesdtys | g H g (0) g (0) +H6T [T-ANSO | 6°ON teTa | Teasy uoqsog m0480g | SH6T | : 04 ©«6| HOTT | 8 EW g (9) g (0) +€6T | VL-WE u “4 u Cr6T hy ON T0Td | 09 | yooTg |‘ex90G Teu ! 8 H 8 () g 0 | x€6T | L-Wa yung oesooR a gid 5 ; | CnOT Bn'ON 28Ta 0% | H90TE |‘sHI0g Tou | 8 HW g (0) 8 0 4E6T | 9-Wa7uNy, ces0oR u “ | | +76T | 04 *oedg | G HA G 0 G 0 Gc6T | S-WE i u is | = | iS TH ‘OM leas 4H 6T Teta “sH00 03 | H00TE Teuuny, | g EW g (0) g (0) | HE6T | S-WE |. oesooH u Lb | | Ly6T | TT#A 0} | HOoTg |-ves ZuoTe \ 8 “aL e 8 0 g O || "£60! n-Wa |CL°OM przez i hel : | TTSM ISH | 161 ‘oBpT Ig 04 | H00TE JOATY | 8 seTrey9 eee | pug | 9¢6T “Nn ‘oPpT ag (TAO | 09 | *oedg TOATY | ‘Y'M CUTAN | -seTzey) | seTzeyg | . % wo9sog 109.80 | | perupzu0o ‘STLIMSNHOVSSWN Saga gaidiinaai| NIY24¥ NOILVOOT ADNADY on ed D141d3ds | ONILvuad000 NOILYOO) SHLNOW SH1LNOW S$nNoaNv1139S IW “3V010V10Hd SVGINIO38S5L VIYONWIT | SdY3s4¥08 NVIOVISnYo Su¥d4yO8 NVOSN1ION | ! jeueg | 1461) vue esp ag i : oF | X90TE TM09. L *09- | g HW |g 0 8 © || S<6t| L-aa) -seTzeq9 Mostpg uogsog Fy JOATY ' = LH6T oT 8A i 09 | H00Tq| “Teupuzey, | 6 WW 4T 0 AT 0 || S€6T| g-aM| esnoye.rey i i : JIOATY ! al oTqeAy 04 | yooTg| ‘Teutmaez,| ‘our ‘sTeuT : | 6 HN Ot 0 ot Oo || S€6t| T-aA Jequny | -w1e7, U¢S3TK i | JOATY | L6T oF IS Ay | 04 | HOoTE| Jaey4 SuoT | 8 HW 8 ) @ | Oo || 4€6L! TI-Wa| Fo Due °y | i " a z NU JOATY | LH6T oT 984 | 09 |x00TE ‘eum | 8 BW g 0 8 O || N€6T/OT-Wa | Jo pue'g 7 ies » | LH6T : JOATY | 0% |HOoTa | oFIeAN 6 g HW g@ | Oo 8 O || "E6T| 6-Wa | “on eenoy rs i L461 09 | °0edsg G HA G (0) G C Ccér 8-Wa u “u u | Joq.zey | uo07.80g | WIA Tou LH6T -uEyg"s FO (maoa 09 |HO00Tg prqounf‘oy, | ‘yy oUTEN SEU) | 8 E- 8 () g O || n€6C| g-Wa| ‘on osnog 9 wo9sog w0480g | oe ES Ses EE ee So) Sts Sete ee eee PermTqu0o “SLTIASNHOVSSWN ana ej seievay|| WINERY gai4diinaa) | N!¥tt¥ NolLvo07 ADNDY. OL 334930 Swuod OL 334930 SWuOS (ont 33yu940 d14103dS | INILVuadoO09 NO|LV90O1 SHLNOW SHLNOW SHLNOW SNOINVITSOS IN dvd] 0v¥170Hd SVGINIG3¥3L VIYONWIT | SYsyO8 NVAOVISHYO Sdddo8 NVOSN1ION | | Qc6T G °OM | STTeacu 04 | °oedg | zetg*pazex at HA Te 0 ope.ey, Te *ai, || 961 | SI-Ssa | OFaUETay hi ogee | Qcér 4 OM 09 «(| ‘oedg | zeTgq* prex | a HA ral 0 a 0 || 9€6U | TI-sa} oTaUeTAy 4 pp reeey ; | Qc6T € *oN | woTyesodiz0p 04 | ‘oedg| zeta‘ prez | Sutprtnqdtys } a HA a 0) at O || 9€6T | OT-sa| TITeTIV weyeTy76g ety LH6T prez 04. prey 09 | HooTq | -sog 3evq | azpedey drys (38a) g BW 8 0 g O || SC6T | 9-DW \teTa Uqmog puBe4s OTIEA maser EET Jou.109 rs ‘ 04 | H00TE |*a's‘s7eqM eg 2) HA 2), 0 2), O | ne6T| 9-as| Teaque u fey CE6T | Jeu.109 09 «| H0OTa | aN F7eqH | £), HA 2) 0 2) O || E6T|) G-as| Teaqueg 4 ce] | Sc6t epTe 4320N | 0% «| HOOTE ‘pzeqM 2), HA " 2) 0 2), O || #€6t| 4-as| Teaquep F riety | cc6T pue | 04 | 00TE Qeeg‘ Freq M \ 2), o || x66t) ¢-a5| Teague 2 Nee ; | G¢6T qeut0g 04 «| HoT |*a’s‘FzeqM 2), O || #€6T| e-as BTpUL 4 ae Pi=}sm cota) ! ‘a N‘FzeuM {20 WOT {ONS | cI BTPUL FUOD preoques pemtquoo “SLIGSMHOVSSWN NIVILYV OL WN) LN d3/411N301 01 ~|agu93a ae SHLNOW SHLNOW SNO3NV1739S1W | VIYONNIT avdiav10Hd S¥YddO8 NVIOVISNYO NIVLLYV ol SHLNOW SVOINIOSY3L Q31411N301 SWYOS NOILVOO7 d14103dS AINA ONILVY3d0090 NOILV9071 Sua4¥o8 NvOSNT10N “6S6L uF punos BanTeup uemyoeds eTsuts Vy SNOINVITSOS IW VIYONNI 1 NIVLLV G3/411N30) OL 334930 SWYOS SHLNOW ot sn 3v¥d10V10Hd ee d3}4)iNaal 334930 Gian SHLNOW SVOINIO3Y¥3L “ON 334940 |] BVA] joa) SYs408 NVIOVISNYD SYdd08 NVOSN1ION O6T 4° ON“Jood 09 | *oedg |-Laq*guetq 9f6 | 6-saq| uosdmts On6T & °ON 09 |. ‘oedg |jaetg‘aueTa 9c6T | 9-sa twosdlts T “ON tg On6T | . go pue 2 09 | *oedg |-9no “queTg 9661 | L-sq| uosdmts T °ON a aetd go On6T pue sJeuuT 04 | -oedg ‘quetd 9S6L| 9-Ssaq| uosdmtg +H 6T oF =| AOOTa HE6L | S-WO z ON teTd INET | . 0 | Teusg uypseg #hH6T €-GNSN| pooazooy L46T. 04 | 300TE Qy6l AnI-Sa i CH6T 09 | *oeds +H6T | HI-Sa u LH6T | 12°Ta 9 *ON 0% \(V-nL) | t6Fa° prez +H6T | HI-Sa | OFSUeTIy NOJLVOO7 914193dS | j | | | | | | | | u u | | ! | u a | | | | woFyer0d.109 ! SatpLraqdrus | weyeTq3eq pa 1 @ py esnqosssay | gO 3. Teesuommog ai | | parefdtys Teaey woqsog 5 | | | r a | | | is ; r “uoFye210d.109 Suatprrnadrus (388g) | weTeTa16¢ wo4sog penuyzquoo “SLTIaSMOVSSVA AONADY ONILVe3d0090 NOWEEOO" C6 o % | HOTEL g HA g (0) g 0 4S6T ¢-vsn u u GC6T | - 09 | JOoTE See G HA G (0) G (e) HE6T | g-vsn ii ital | G¢S6T | 03 «| Mo0oTE | G HA G ) G 0 || x€6T | T-vso paeg Anay’s"n 3 | LH6T yoopsag iB oq | Tewed | TeAeN’S"n | g HW g (0) g (0) Qy6T _-aNso ager q8eq i et | | LET soopLaq 09 «|| Teweg | Teaen’s'n paekdtys g E 8 0 g © || 7h6T B-aNisn |L ‘om 2eTa | Teaey woqsog if | | 9c6T | ial | 0% | HOOTE espT ag eH) (anos) a 8 oO |. g (0) g 0 || S€6r | yI-aH| *39 teA0q HoStTpE UOYsog m04.80g | | LH6T | L “ON JeTd 04 | W0oTa | Men “4ueTa g W g 0 g (0) 9y6T GGT-saq |} uosdmts i m | GET | jC “ON Jota *oeds | sen ‘queta | g HA g 0 g 0 cI-sq|} uwosdmts i is HOOTA |T “ON Td 5 (W-ST) | sen “9ueTa ! g Ww g 0 g 0 GI-sq| uosdits ii rt | pue | reunT ‘yood | £[Teuuog | uopyerzod10p9 | *oedg queTd | SUtpLEnqdtys qeeq) | ope.e,, at “IL T-sq| uosdmts meyeTy7eR wo480g pemiypquoo “SLTMSAHOVSSWN NIVILV OL G31431/1N301 334930 Swuod SH1NOW subi SNOINVITSOSIN | VIYONNIT | 3V010V10Hd Su3¥08 NV aOVISNYO suayoa NVOSNTION Nivilvy NO!LVYO0O7 ADNADYV 914193dS | ONILV¥Y¥3d000 334930 UVa NOIL1V9O1 is3i daidiinaa) | N!¥++tV 334930 swuos OL SH1LNOW SVOINIOS¥3L 6°ON UOT. LH6T -2007 “3.1eqM 04 «6©=.-: Teueg pustsl at HW aT 0 qT ) €-10 eT388g L EW ot 0 ot 0 fq, 204; ny rAd HW ct 0 410g 00480g NIVLILV OL SHLNOW NIVLILV Nivily NOILV901 ADNADYV d14193dS | SNILV¥3d009 NOILVY9O1 G31s11N301 33u9340 Swuo4 SrtKen VIYONWI 1 3¥010V10Hd G3/411N3G1 334930 Swuos Cane AVGINIG3S83L “ON a3Yu930 uVaA isaL SNOINVITSOSIN SYsdyO8 NVIOVISNYO S¥duyo0d NVOSN110OWN | L46T | 04 | H00Ts g HA. 6 (0) 6. 0 +61 C-HN|T “ON JeTd u u | || Ly6t : 03 | Mota] Teuueyo | g W 8 (0) g O + 4&6T Cu-HM |FUTOd 4107 u u | | Teureyy ie qupog | zl LH6T 440g ‘ F.TeUM, a: } ~ 04 | HOOTE sesoqg | psosqreH 2 | 8 HW 6 f°) 6 0 | x€6T| T-HN Set | ‘HN “AN ral *ep10UnTT SUT = Jequrmyno ' Soup emos | “GH6L UT | pues eh6r | 09 GC6T Toued | a Woy UBD Ly6T | pue | & -unge s2eA 0% | Hoot, uot "09 l empoup 6 HA 6 (0) 8 s || CC6t \¢-T-am|-29g “3ST HosTpg uOysog eel | at “on | uoT7289 | | Ly6T OT ‘J.TeUM | 09 | Teuedg pUeTeL AL HW RT (0) qT 0 Gy6T| 9-19 8T388D n u | | = TC °ON | uoT9Bo | LH6T -oT ‘g.7eqM | 04 | Teueg pueTsT | oL HA qT (0) qT 0 Gy6T | S-I0 8T78e) u rr | OT “ON | u0T9B9 | -o7 ‘Z2eqM | jeueg pueTST £4, 20q4ny 4-10 eT4889 | Jdog uoysog ponuzzu0o “SLTaSMHOVSSWN SDE d3141LNagl eee dajiaiinaay |) NIVEL “ON NOILVO07 AONADY on Snuo4 334940 SNyo4 SERIJSIG H ENTEMS fist d14193dS | 9NILvuad009 NOI TV2 Om SHLNOW annie cre SNOINVIISOSIN VIYONKNIT 3Vd10V10Hd SVOINIO3831 SuYau08 NVIOVISNYD S¥duy08 NVOSN1ION *oeds uoT4 Q@c6L | pue | -39S JeTT | *3deq sx10M 09 | 300Ta| -ey peoy pTTand“u0qsog | | i | | 9 H 9 0 9 o | ce6t| ¢-ao| “a090TA JO £479 | teq8eq0.10¢ | | Seg | og ‘Teusg +H6T fanqxoy #77.esnqoEssEy | 03 | H901g FTCUM, go | 6 "Lh 6 (0) 6 () E60 | q-WO 0989 | q4TeemuouM0D % LE6T sder4 2049 | 07 *9edg | -qoT «vou | 2) H 2), 0 2), 0 || 9€6t| e-a0| Seq manos rn is oor | (PTO) |"3s Aveaty | G (0) G 0 G (0) G66L | 3c-ad; Seg Wqnog fn a | | Qc6L : 1 oo : | 07 | -oedg 1 @ rat HA a ) |e oO || S€6t| tT-ao i (0 m5 | *qdeq sy10M | | MOTE Fray PT LING“ uo9sog | G ean G 0 G o || Sé6t! T-a9| Tir 3400 zo £4t9 see | *oeds I ¢€ HA ¢ 0 ¢ oO || S6t| 2-wo a ii fi SION | ofTand go I +H 6T "qdeq ‘s9908 | SOove -nqovssey JO | g HA a 0 ral O || HE6L| ?S-WOIG “ON JeTa | U9 TeeAUOMMOD a Ly6T ‘aa | 03 | 390TE pioszreH 3 (anos) | g HA 6 (0) 6 O | C60) y-HN | “ON Ta “HON ‘°X°H uoRsog | pemmpqu0o “SLIGSOHOVSSWN oaiaiinag, | NIVt+V NOILV9071 AONAOY HERB )2Ke SWUOS on d14193ds | SNILVY3d009 MOLE SHLNOW SVGINIG3Y31 NIVILV OL SHLNOW VIYONNIT NIVLILV 3V010V10Hd SNOJNVITSOSIN SYduOs8 NVIOVISNYD Sd¥ay¥08 NVISNTIOW On6T T °ON 20TG 07 *oedg | ze0u*yueTg Tt HA Tr (0) Tt (0) 9£6L| G-Sq|teaty eaog ‘: ‘ 66 2 “ON ! 04 | *.edg|zeTg“quetg | Ge | dk at 0 a 0 || 9¢6t| 4-sa|aeaty eaog 4 an 866A pure “QC6T ‘LS6T uy JUepunge 6261 ¢ “ON £700 970K ° 04 ‘oedg| set g*quelTg eimpeyp savey CT HA cI 0 Siu 9 9£6L| €-Sa|teaty ea0g ‘a ci : On6T UT 4Uep | -unge freA | emeoeq 4nq | 6€6T pues gc6T | uy se08.t4 On6T se petmo on *oedg | = =90 Baimpeug eL HA ct (0) opesey, at ‘IL || 9960] s-Ssa - hs FA q ZOn6T pas | 6L6T “QS6T | Uz; petammo OH6T | CG *ON | woTgesod1t0p | -90 Bimpeup 04 | ‘oedg |zetg‘quetg | SuppTrnqdtys | gO se0e1 7, g HA It o | TL 0 9C6T| T-Sd|teaTY es0g meyeTyyeg com QHéT 07 *oedsg | G | a ¢ 0 ¢ | an | ccor| ¢-un . : ee LH6t| - 03 «| X00TE “we pzos42ey | 6 0 | "e6t| C-HN - RCH NAN 2 : joueg | ly6t | poe 04 | HOoT_ espTag "OD UOBTDT TOATH jesuodey m07.80g qesuodey | penutzuod S.LLASNHOVSSVW NIiVilv NIVILV d314/1N301 NIVLIV OL f jope 43yu930d Ch EVN SWYOS SHLNOW Aten SHLNOW YIYONNIT 3v¥d10V¥10Hd SVGINIGSY3L NOILVOO71 ADNADYV 9141903dS | ODNILV¥Y¥3d000 isa NOJ1LV901 SNOINV1I13S9SIN SY3¥08 NVADVISNYO SuYdyod NVOSN11IOW “CH6L ysnoryy )6T wou Juep -unge sset 10 eiom Bimpeqo 6 *oHéT uz sTeuun7 BT ICUNTT UT TngTyuetd 4nq *TH6T gO pue 78 peAtesgo Bmpsyp Aa g *QH6T pues GH6T Uy snozemmua ~BINTSUD SHON | | | I | oFrTand go | “qdeq ‘83408 | <—nyoessey] fo | U4 TeemMuommoD e7enyTO¢ | | iS | | | "OD UOSTDE | u07.80g ygnomfo | | “oul ‘prex | rdpus weysuty | weyeTyzeg weysutH | 2 : 8 | sxIOM | OTTaNg fo | “qdeq ‘59908 yqnomkey | =nyoessuy JO | Teeu Jupod| 43 Teomuommlo0y Loup ny | | | “Op UOsT Pa 4UTOd | m07,80g Loupny | | | | un ‘ u | | | uot 728.100.1090 | SuTpTrnqdrys | weyeTyyeg fouTny | | | penuzzuoe “SLTMSNHOVSSVN NIVILY OL SHILNOW S$NOANVI130S IW VIYONNIA | B7278T TP “1 pue oH6t ST Tescu 09 | H90Tq |steqM UAT, Jo'equAs | UOpuCT aa : puoT AlN (Ate | JO 43.10 : seurEyE) |- STTSeauu . 09 | ‘oeds feq JO / uy pzosszcey qUTOd | ep cane g (0) opesey, g HA || "60 | JT-HN| opts yey ROHN ‘KM 8,cATTV | 4 Lyét [Levers eres sae ST Teava A *oedg “OD yeog 103 | Jo eiom BImMTSUD g W g (0) opetey, g HA jj J¢6t| ¢€-i9 | 9F1700T | -O2D WIMNOS | | | ST Teacu | | -oedc esug Suy te | GG 6 HA 6 0) | opezey, | 8 HA | ee ref) -ang “s"n CERRE Aygo i | | : | 4 “QH6T 0% | i | | | 96L ioc quep | | LyGT | ' -unqge sseT JO ST Teava | | 09 | H9OTE pad pasos 3TH | econ BanTeup 8 H g (0) ope.ey, 2, 4b St | a sae °° HN’ “X°N ors Ay | : \ On6T | | “Teef youo juep : ST Teara | oF *9eds : "09 eur yoUy | -unge Bampeqp g H g (0) opetey, g HA J€6T| T-iO poomay | uoysupUO;|S | "THET 09 : keg. <6 Worz yuep TR6L 4.esue3 -unqe sseT 10 ST Teava 04 | 4O0Tq| -eiszey FO PUY Psosyasey HA +€6L | OL-HN Pu0zg geeq | 2°"H'N* AN penupyuco “qNyISI HdoHY NIVILV OL SHLNOW NIVLLV NIVILV OL 334930 G3141LN3IGI 3345340 Swuo4 SHLNOW AVGINIG3I83L NOILVI07 AONZOV 21419ads | 9NILVu3d009 NOULVY DON avdiavioHd SNOINVIISIS IN VIYONWI 1 SYddOd NVADVISNYD Sdid08 NVOSN TION “Gy6éT ywep -unge Bempeyy g “HOT TOF qdeoxe Gr6T 07 CE6T Wory Fuep -unge sseT JO eiom BaInteyg G *GH6~ Wsno.749 GE6T Wory yuep -unqge sseT 20 eiom Banteug g *saeek 440q qyuepunge BammTeuD g id NIVLLY OL SHLNOW SNOINVITSOSIN VIYONWI 1 27, d314)1N301 SWYOS ST TeAcu g 0 opezey, G ST Teaeu g (0) opezey, g ST Teac g 0 opeJey, g ST TeAeu g 0 ope.zey, G ST Teaeu OT (0) opeiey, g STTeACu G () ope.zey, G oT (0) ST Teac opeze7], g ST Teacu 6 (0) opezey, g NIVILV 031/411Na301 NIVLIV OL 334930 SWuO4 OL SH1LNOW SHLNOW 3V010V10Hd SVOINIO3Y¥31 334930 S¥Ydd¥O8 NVIOVISNYO Suay0s NVOSN110W L46T 04 GC6T LH6T 04 +C61 THOT 04 LE6T Ly6T 04 HC6T LH6T 0% +61 QHer | 04 GE6T 04 +26T THET 04 On6T YVdA ‘oeds QT-HN Teued pues SOOTE QT-HN ‘oedsg G2- LO 20g eTLSEg “azeuM qsoqmuree4s Ieaty yno -T,OeuU0D eA0 G9 ° 4S “ON OBpT Ig 0S" tt “ON OF pT ag e@A0D 5, AeqS NOILV90O1 914103dS u Wy paorz sey 2° HN‘ AN 20g Yyoorqkes Pros 4 teH of ‘ANS ‘KN a ad Ptos4.teH 236 a \ ‘KN uypseg quoB_ Ling ADNIDV ONILV43d000 ueAeA MON PIOFTE MD 295 a uopucyT MeN penutqyuo. ‘TNOTTOANNOD NOI1V9071 ee | ee g OF ot OT H OL G "IL } G (0) G CT "IL ¢T #0 | “aL #8 8 “45 8 NIVILV ol SHLNOW d3/4311N301 334930 SWHO4 SNOINVITSOSIN VISONNI1D NIVILV avd1dqv10Hd ST Teaea fo) ope.zey, ST Teacu 0 opeley, ST TRAsU 0 opezey, STTeacua ) opezey, ST Teacu ope.zey, STTeasu opeiey, STTBAGu ope.zey, wa O6T 04 *oedg g S LE6T | gL-L9 LH6T 04 *oeds G HA || L&6 | Tl-20 Teued pue LH6T | *oeds 0% ©6|‘so00TE L is} +<6T | So-HN *oedg TH6t | pue oy | XOOTE S 0 || 4€60 | ec-HN Q6r | 04 | *9edg cr | ©o L€6T | 6-0 | ON6T | 07 ‘oeds 2g "IL |, g&6t | Te-L0 *oeds g (0) LE6T | 9-9 Ty6T 04 -oeds +0) HA || @£6T | Oe-10 “oeds J HA || J€6t |) 2-i0 *oeds 9 s OW6T | 92-19 SWYOS 33u930 G3)411LN301 AVGQINIG3¥31 NIVILV OL SHLNOW 334930 SYddOs NVJDVISHYO SYdy08 NVOSN1IOW 88° Sh “ON OD pTaAg_ g20dex py ag 06 °9H° ON expr ag WOASg “09 TTO uso; Jemy out pyoM ALoTueIS ray paosy.rey aH NAN “00 TEO UBofTiemy eyL JTBYM SUOT seuor 3 Lazeds "OD 8 seuor a’ Vv SoYa t=»: KY) qnoT7oeuN0D szeddoy grey £970 | (385) | qaoderpT ag | | | J q2zodesprTag | | | | uoAeg | | | (389M) ueAgy MON | | | (u9-20K1) UeABA MON | | | uv | (99eq) | ueAeH MON | | | uoesey Mey | | 296 peel aioe | ee eS eee NOILY90O7 914193dS penuytyuoo ‘ ADNSDYV ONILVY3d000 GAOT LOANNOD NO|LV9071 ot OL SNOINVIISOSIN NIVLILV SHLNOW VIYONNI 1 “27, - 2, “Ia °2 “Ia, In SWYO4 G3)/4)/LN301 oL oe. dL ot ol NIVILV OL SHLNOW 3V¥d|0V10Hd STTeAcu opeitey, STTeAcu ope.1e 7, STTeacu ope.tey, ST Teaeu ope.tez, STTeABu ope.tey, STTeasu opetey, STTeAsu ope.1e 7, STTeCABU ope.teg, oL “2, G3 )411LN30] SWYOS Niviiy ol SHLNOW SVGINIG3831 334930 SY3408 NVID¥ISNYO ~Su¥dyO8 NVOSM1I0OW LH6T (ole qE6T | On6T 04 LE6T | QcéT | (ofa, LE6T | On6T | oF | QS6T | OnéT | oy Qe6T On6T 04 LE6T *oeds SyIOM 61-0 nyoex Hooppny| yotmuee.ry | | | *oedg "09 | ¢3-L0 JOpAMOd SBTAV : “09 } oeds OFALOETE 8 QT- Lo sep psosueys u *oeds ‘og seqamy ! LT-0 | paoyue4g|} paosueqg! Joueg | pus | | | *oeds | JOATY | | HOOTA AeMION 6CG yy psoT I TeH ATBALON | He-HN| "62 SPPTZg | 2°" HN *A'N yanos | | | ‘oeds | | wopyesodi09 (382M) QT- 10 | TED SUNS haa een D ‘oeds | qnTQ £23un09 (388q) GT- LO | | pue eiz0ys Hres.104y | | | (ezptag | | | yoseg | *oeds qaodesprag | emseeTq) qe LO | | go £at9 | qaodesprag | | ‘oadg ‘op SuyyeuTE | oe- LO -"TTI peqrun i | ‘oeds ‘op TTO peqe ¢T-LO Ltoosey Topsy | qaodeSprag | | — peruTzquoo “TAOTLOENNOD NOJLVIO7 AONADY -9141034s | 9NILV43d000 NOILV9ON | - Ree: Ly6T : | : | 0g | s00Ta Most qeeq | weqefs Texy l 6 aA 6 0 opetey, 6 *Ii, || TH6L | T-OAN [HE°ON etd -Uep Haox Ko u spzex I ; Seaqns uoT7eq.10d | | GH6L -sueiy, jo | 04 | ¥o0tg| pareog ut g (0) 8 0 8 (0) +76T | H-NVW | “3S 09100 u u j GET JOATY 0% | yo0Tg| wetzeq | 8 om Cr 0a 8 O || h6T | D-NY 2°94 PUZST F u | Gh6t JOATY l 03. | YooTg | uqaoN pue 8 0 8 0 8 0 | cy6t|) a-NWW Uemyotg FA ea : i | | qoorag | CHO fkzem0D uy | | | | 0% | H00Tg |JeaTY 48eq eae 8 0 8 0. | 3 0 | ex6t a-nww |6¢"om seta 2 nee ee iF ; | GHOT | «goat Y | | 04 | y00TE 4.107 | = 8 (0) g Olea opezey, g *IL | cy6éL | CNV “y td u “ | | GHOT | 04. | H00Tg |FoATY 30Rm 8 0 g 0 8 0 cH6L | O-NVW | 2°9S 4964 4 “u | GH6T JOATY 0% | Soot 79.201 g (0) 9g (9) 8 0 cH6T | G-NVW | 2°9S 4961 u u | SHOT JOATH 04 | yo0Ta| y8eq pue | wexqeurey 8 (0) 9 (0) 8 (e) cy6L | V-NVW | °3S 49L0T gO. Yanoz0g Yatok Aen | es MOL MAN SME) daiaijinagi| N!Vttv Ge /aunierg "ON NolLyoo7 RONBOY es SWsO4 ot ee 3@ SWwuos ON SERIES HENAN i ai. d14103ads | INI Lv¥3d009 MM BOO) SHLNOW .SHLNOW SHLNCW ee SNOaNV11390S IW ¥1YONNIT avdldv1oHd 3VG1NIG3431 SYdY¥O8 NVJAOVISNYO SY3Y¥O0s NVOSNIIOWN 0% | WOOTE 6 (0) 6 0 6 (0) TH6T | €-HO|t94TY 48eq Ai ii L46T xuoug |*ouy ‘yt0x MeN - 0% | HOOTT ‘qupog | JO°0p uosT py 6 "IL 6 0 opezey, 6 s QséT| g-a0 §,jung | peyepTTosuop fi Teueg L461 | pue 04 *oedg | TeATY 48eq g "IL g 0 g (e) QS6T|} vG-a} L°ON teTa fa i Teued Ly6T| pue FY WP10K 04 ‘oeds‘oepts Wy N0s 8 oO || g 0 g O | gS6T| +-HfoeON ToT |"09 ‘ya OTam i pus | LH6T | p.re0q4no9 a | 0% | H0OTE PesTY 4920N rat 6 "IT, 6 0, | ope.zey, 6 “IL || QS6T} 4-an|‘6°ON JeTd | i ii | LH6T | | peeuatng H 09 «| HOoTa istry 44.20N OT *Iy, OT 0 || ocpezey OT s || g6t|} ¢€-ani6‘on ‘a0eta F 5 LH6T | 09 | HooTE| pue preoq 6 0 6 0 ope.tey, 6 " Ss | Ly6T | 0% | X00Tg prex *o9 Tee9s g 0 8 0 || 6€6T T-xNSa "ag 499G] weyeTaIeg ies Teuusy) WL tw16e9.4ng| L46T ‘[euTUte iT} 0% | H0OTa| oF9ueTay et 0 er 0 6€6T | S-GAN |“QE°ON tet a * in | LH 61 [eupu1e 04 «| y00TE Lcofat "09 Wood OT ) OT QO || 6€6T | T-aAN| 6 °On wet YAO MeN Cael of "Ly6T | Teued paek | 04 T -dpys Teaay ce) 0 g O || +h6T |-xNNSN a tT YAOK MON as | 9n6L | Towed pqqekerey * i 1 | 09 T ‘oupzesey g 0 g O | *h6T -TaNsn Teaen ‘s'n erent keg eotem | | ! -op ‘9eTUT | | Ly6T | femeyooy yuewy.redeq ueptta | | OF | HOOT |FreqM preny zeK ‘ests sO qaog | 6 0 ope.zey, 6 “IT || cy6l | T-hi| 98809"S"| wecuTsugq’s’n | AtOR MeN i} Ly6T ST Teava 04 ©|°dedg puelt SUTASN g 0 opezey, g HA || @¢6T| T-NaH|} -8r £979 *q £aueq fies Teweg : L461 | pue | ST Teavu 04 *oedg g 0 opeser, | s | 9¢6r | Je-HN . i oa 9¢6T 04 | HooTE ray Ptos yey | 8 0 ) 0 || n€6T | Le-HN | Seq weuted) e°°H'N’’A°N| 320q Aen | JE | penupyuo0s “HyOK MaN BNL Ny @aij si jiuparey |) NUNN “ON NOILVO07 AONAOY OL 334930 SWYOS OL 3349350 UvVdA isal d141a0ads | DNIL¥Yado09 NOILV907 SHILNOW SHLNOW JV¥d10¥10Hd JVGINIG3SY3L SYIYCE NVAIOVISNYO S¥du0d NVOSN11OWN 300 | | | | | | Gy6T | ST Tessa 04 ‘oodg JOT F | ot EW || ot 0 opezey, 6 W @£6T | c-SON| PUe eptsu fn i | : | GH6L "dog | x3meqesoy | ST Teacu o> ‘oedg|azetd go pue| 49009 2 umm! ‘pueTet | 6 | cT oO | opezey, ol HA || Q£6T | T-SOW epTsqnor deyp-4347 L1ey, ue4245 | | } | LH6T | _ & | StTeacu | 04 | HOOT, |HrTeaoy wo | pUeTST | g "TI, g 0 opetey, g "IL || 6€6T S-XNSd |°ON ead wmeyeTyseg 04845 | 9¢6T | BAOUBEBD Jol | | | 0% | HOOTA| UQnos pez yy psos4zey | |) 0 g Oo | fe) O || nE6T | ge-HN) UTOd Heo, B°°HN“ AN | Baoueseg | | I | : | | | | | | ___ | towed | : | L461 pue | ‘dao sqon | | | | 04 | 400Tg | -porg seddog (ieeecs qT @ jj qT (oy qT (0) On6T | T-dd | espog sdteug HaLoyUOT | ie | 1 eee | i i 6S6T | esnoy) ‘Op Buy | | HI | | 03 | ‘oedg| -etem *4S| -UTZey Teens | r 3} oO |i g (0) | 8 0 || Q€6T MT-YSN: U4TT ‘os Teuotyen wusT {Oo 7g | | | | qupog fene | -yOOY JO “a | |“uTeeg LLIN | Ly6T “u0T929S | 04 | HOOT, | uosey yuey woTzestodz0p | (Ysnq9eT A) | qT “2L qT (0) opesey, qT "ZT || 6€6T | T-AND yeng zeta TFO FIND usTO07g | | LH6T € “On | . sTTeacu 04 | H00Ta| tetq*pzex “09 Te9e4S | 6 “2a, 6 (0) opezey, 6 "21, || 6€6T fy-ANS@ “45 4912 weyeTazyeg ufkT 00 4g | | | ears | [EL | penupyuoo “WYO MAN 5 ae pears | || ier Sel Naa) Gaye jamal} NYWAAY @Ajeiiana@y || NVSAY “ON NOILYO07 AONSOV OL 33u930 enuou OL 334930 SWuod OL 334930 || YVAA} oa, 9141934S | DNILvuado09 NO1LVO07 SHLNOW SHLNOW SHLNOW SNOINVI7T39S IW VIYONWIT 3V¥0|0V10Hd 3VOINIG383L ue S¥3s408 NVOSN1IOW SYdd08 NVIOVISHYO ot ot NIVILV OL SHLNOW $NO3INV17390S IW VIYONNI I “a2, “aa, “<7, “IT @3/431LN301 SWYO4 ST Teasu opezeg, . ov (0) ot (0) opezoey, ope.ze 7, ov et * 25, * I, HOOT G¢6T| o-Sda HOOT G¢6T | T-Sda NIVLLIV (ont SHLNOW 3V¥010V¥10Hd Q3)4/1N30) 334u93d Swyos Fash OL SHLNOW AVGINIO3831 334930 "ON UVa 1saL SYsYO NVAOVLSNYO Su¥a¥og NYOSNTI0N sueend go ysnoz0g to PUSTST suoT ‘£110 ,7 By1048y ‘Teuyuze By 2078y £IOUTT -Oy "KN parekdtys OTTTs -u94407, wey. equ ey ‘gO YsnoLog £2207 “PI ueqe4S TeuTite 7, TTSYe9T UM G ats ‘puomyory go ysnozog © LII05 "PI ue 7645 ‘Taupe 7, eFI0e) °4¢9 NO|LYIO7 914193dS | semjontig ; pues qJuetd | go °4deq‘y210z | MON FO £470 |pUBTST BOOT! £1euFs £979) 94 qeens | eTSI 2u0T, TeuopzeN [PUeTSI SuoT, ; | | uoTqezodz0p| eprsuees, THO JIMS /puelsL BUT, four ‘aOR MoN gO °OD UOSsTPE Bpa0qsy! -poFBPT LOsuog |pueTsyT sion | | "OD preety eTT races | TeuoT Fen | pueTsT Bue e 3 fC eTTTauey! nay | ‘our foezy, -q07'puetstT | “f pues "W eH) | | iT “uw | 1 se.mqona9s pue 4ueTd go ‘ydeq*x107 Bon FO £970 YAK MeN, penuzquoo “HOR MeN AONAOY ONILV43d000 NOJLV907 | 6€6T "09 | 04 «=| HOOT JeTq fpuemeaordmy 2 | g 0 8 0 8 © | gc6t) T-TH| ‘39 139 | pUeT ueHXoqoH a | LHET 03 | H00TE moyyea0d.105 6 "Ii, 6 0 6 ‘ai | On6T| TaD] °9S WITT BROOT Teaeuen TWeROqOH | jeusg Ly6T| pue oy *oeds ! Ge |) Seay €I ) St 0 || gc6t| 9-a H x00G . ee TH6 UT | TOATY 4SVy | THE L‘ON seta | 04 | *0edg| of pescm | 8 “IL 8 ) 8 O | eS6T) G-a|} ‘a Hood | ‘op’ OF aE begga 2h Jeaty | feszepr son | || On6T uospng | Jo ‘09 Buy | 04 | ‘oedg|jo queg *M | -uTsJey reeng 8 "2, 8 0 g © || Q€6T \at-uSN Ta I-20" TeuoytseN see wt || on6r | "09°a" a Tae | | 09 | *oeds WOOg Je -4s80M 2 GuUEy | ) 0 g 0) fe) Oo || gc6t! L-H|-dumg Teog | -enbens‘ *x°N i THOT | 04 | HOOT “OD PUBTPTN | 8 0 g- 0 g o || gcet| t-wav sTepreq- reqory fess qeuweg | 1460 | pue . 03 | $00TE yo0q | oT 0 oT ) QT o || gs6t| e-og| eraomy i ‘A ZHOT 04 | x00TE quel | HI 0 GI 0 gc6t| T-oa| eprsfpeus | *op q30areq| seqeMeS pa AUSHH? MEN B/N 03/411NaG1 Lee @aijajuvemy |) NIWASY “ON NOILV907 AONZOYV 01 |a3u930 SaaS 33u94d ae OL {334930 ]] YV3A] jo, rai ioatica Ronmiivesaoos NO1LV907 SHLNOW Soni SHLNOW SNOINVI13S9S IN VIYONNI 1 3v¥d10V10Hd SVOINIO3931 S¥YddO08 NVIOVLISNYO | SUd4¥08 NVQSN1 ION SNOINVI1S9S IW 8 “aL 6T 0 ¢e “TL as ae ce af [corte A a)e 0 opeze7, 0 ope.teg, LH6T 04 Qc6T LH6U 04 +H 6T TH6T 0% gS6T THET oy 961 04 461 Ge6L oF +S6L ae fo) L46T 04 +E6T L461 04 661 8 “a1 +H6L 9c6t NIVily OL SHLNOW 338930 VIYONNI 1 G@314/1N301 SNYOS OL 3V¥d10v10Hd NIVilvy SHLNOW Qc6L pue teu -uT 9 “On Wootg |7Fd“Sy10M T-os euuofeg xeuuy euuokeg Teueg |*Zol °2PTa cg |\do *N GETS SANNSOA | “aeq Mey “eds T-ia u espT aq peor[ Tet FO °N 9 HOTA | 00G ‘teat a T-1a oTesseg MeIg IOATY oTesseg | HooTE ‘espT ig T-a |feg ATeney | Leg HTeMeN | MOTE “T9/L ; T-£NO |°ON SF pT ag jTeued pue *oedc o-H ly “ON STI 490TH - ZNSE OTE o-TH 9T°ON Td 334930 enon G314311N301 NIVLivV OL SHLNOW 334930 NOILYIO71 914193dS sogiep MeN FO “09 THO Ptepueys u pret -dyyus Teivy AJOK MeN euuo keg uot 220d r4op Teopueyp 9 rey, ATITeE feet "00° a a OF TH u 50h fester may FO “aa Teaquep ATeHeN "ON°a' OF ay AaTD Aesuep *09 T9995 weyeTyseg a 09 huewe Ao.1dmry ) puey wexoqoy wex0qoH ‘THSaar MaN poenupyu0o AINADY ONILV83d000 eee Oe AVOINIG34N3L S¥YsdO8 NVADVISNYD S44d08 NVOSN1ION | | P | | | i" | | | | 9 “ON | 1461 | Tewed| zeTg_ “200 | | 04 2 |'a's*zeaTy | g 0 g 0 g O || th6T |-daNsn} eremeteq i ny : ") qupod | “all BO) Ot Cale | HSLH6T | Towed) oGe‘TTe4 pret | , oF Te beri JeaTy | -dtys Teaey | go 8 0 g O |). #H6T |-daNsn |TITATAnyos | eTydtopeTT ud PratePeTT Md | i | \WENVATASNNGES| z | 1 | OH6T | Towed | | oF T ee TI S || +h6T |-cnNSn esq jp | Teaen *s'n| fey edeg | | L46T *daog szon \ 04 «| HOOT -poig teddop | On6T| T-dd espog sdpeud Seakeg | : | HH6T '|Seq rene | ST Teac 09 | H00Tq| ‘Teupmzey, | opesey, g "IL || @S6T| T-0L| ouuokeg |"0p sexes, ony, meek | | *pue 199nNO | LH6T ‘9 “ON fesiep | 04 | HOTT |teTa*syIOmM | MeN JO °0D rl @S6L| e-0S| SUvokeg | TIO Prtepuers oun tee! | penupquoo “xaSHAr MAN NIVLILYV NIVILV aaiditnaai| Nivtt« da14iiNaql NOILYI07 AQN3DY oe SWuOs Ol | 334930 SWYOS OL |eFeRs) EKG d14103ds | ONILVY3d009 NOILVOOT SHLNOW : SHLNOW SHLNOW SNOINVINTSOSIN VIYONNI1D | dv¥d10V10Hd AVOINIG3SY3L S¥Y3dO08 NVIOVISNYO SYdu0d NVOSN1 ION [eueg 204g OH6T| pue |Fsz0 “T °ON 03 | *oedg) seta fem 8 0 g (0) ; 8 0 +H6L| 7-HSd| -u2tH Low ff " | OH6T | || 0% | q00TE : | 6 0 6 (0) 6 (0) +H6L | C-WSa|Prex TeKoT ri eel x | O16T prez | 09 | H20Tq| supasay | 6 0) 6 0 6 O || h6T) c-uSa ood sz6eddy a re | | OH6L | 0% | AOOTE "Op Tee4S | 6 0 6 (0) 6 0° || thH6L| T-HSa/9 “ON JeTa meqeTqzeg nal GHET | | 04 ‘oeds | oL (0) oL (¢) cL 0 +7 6T ¢- asa u u u | ‘| GH6L nade 09 «| XOOTE ; ot 0 oT @ | | OL O. || TH6L | c-aSa |e “ON 497d | ry rs S i | [o) | GHOT prea: 04 | *9edg : | cA 0 ar 0 at. O || th6l | T-asa Fi F P | GH6T "oul ‘paekdrys | | 0% | H00TE PLOTS IRL | er Oo | at 0 or 0 HH6L | T-dS@|T “ON tetra “meyeTyog | SsomT4 Teg | CNVIAYN | | | B.1euoTSsSsTmMOD Teuypute 7, Joqizey JO | HOTS Sup Tey \pasog “uoqsuym | L ) G¢6T | T-IWM aoa su FUT EM “TEM gO 4979 | uoqsuTmT TM i | CUVMVIEC RNIN) dalayinaan |) ely a3i4iinacy | NI¥itV NO1L¥907 AONADY oe ee FED) SNuO4 OL [aekiaete Q141034s | 9NILvu3sd000 NOOO SHLNOW SHLNOW SHLNOW SNOINVIISOSIN VIYONNI 1 3ydiqvi10Hd JVGINIG3y¥31 Sdsyo0@ NVAIDVISHYD S4d4u0d NVISN1ION 6 ) 6 0) 6 ) Fptnoz g (0) g 0 Beypyueg 8 ‘IT, | 8 0 8 0 8 fe) 8 0 8 0) g 0 NIVLILV $NO3NV1130S IW | YIYONWIT | $ujuog SMP US NIVLILV OL SHINOW dvd1d0vV10Hd NIVLIV ol SHLNOW SVOINIO3¥31 d3i4)1N301 Q3/431LN3G1 SWYO4 Su¥auog8 NvOSN110N 33Y¥930d Teued pues *oeds ¢-asa | 9-S sdtts Teued pue HOTEL o-asi jTeued pue bitele) T-asa Teueg pue HOOT, |; peeyyrnq o-Q (mors 95 og jTeued pre paey qoote |-HIng woaz 43 O18 T-W 4 “ON aetg fen -USTH fey jeuedg G-uSE NOILYIO7 914193dS ONILVY3d000 u u“ u u ! | | ] | | | ] | | | ! | | | | | | | | | | | 09 T9045 meyeTyyeg 4a ,og amoaredg | osomE Leg moay TOATE | OoEae -@q FO ‘S; ii ‘er0uF FTE | | | *o9 Hoopsag pueT srey | | | "09 T8098 meyeTuze | es0uP4TeE | ponupquoo “qNVIANWW ADNSDYV NOILVOO1 307 | 3 4 é | LH6T upseq, bi pourm FPprnos 03 | Teueg wor 7oNs We 4 9 ‘2 |rteqep JON] 9 * I, epyueg 9 HA || 946L| T-aa exequy 7 whey “ uyseq FPpLnoz *oedg uot ons | G s.. G 0 By yueg q -HA || 946T| T-Ga exezul | " ne | : ; BqTyzedrq | (snpo.thT) \ ; j "Lpue Ts0or \ -Jests° 7 | ‘ST Texeu. ope : HH6T | ier‘ TprTnoz 04 | *o0dg : | : 8 OP epseq Tey, g “TL Byyueg 9 HA || €y6T! T-da queTd | ; u u | | GH6T | UE pepsz09 eit aed = -92 B[Oo -Tq (snpor -Fazeg FO &T) ‘] pue | uempoeds *eqe7eTTD’ L | eTsups FTeaeu ope GH6T | 8 OSTS to7,‘TptTnoz 04> | HOOTE | ray G Ss fepseq rey 9 W epyueg + HA || Oy6T; T-cH quel i yoveg eany | : ; en | FPTNoF | Teweg "09 TeoTMeyD owed STITA | 3 s re Oo ‘epqueg ro HA || 9y6T| €-Ca soq-TAq3a | -S90ST IM | | WAILOUVO HON | | | STTsasu ope LH6T | Towed |€g°ON tetd eseg | Fier, 3 Fprn 04 z |feseg 4200 Suz 7e20d9 | g "IL g (0) -o8 ByTyueg + HA || 61 | -NNSO |-Sq foau09 Teaen “s"n LOFTON | : ~|| FTsAeu ope Ly6T | Je, 2 Tprn 09 | Teueg prekdtys | -o8 Byyueg g +h [E-naisn [eaen HLOFION nanomey se) VINDOUTA NUN daiditnaai| NiVtty @zijaijameay |My NoIlLVO07 AONAOV aes snuos Sua a3d940 SWUOS thee HERE) SIG d14loads | 9NI1vuad000 NOILVOON SNOINVITSOSIN 3v¥010V¥10Hd VIYONNIT | 3VGIN|GauaL SY3dy08 NVAOVISNHYD Su¥jd¥08 NVOSN11ON | | | | ‘ds (snpoz ' £J) ope.zey, | 2 STTeavu | opeey, Ly6T uo} se TTY | *Tprnoz 0> | Teueg fetg esnog | e9TsI9Q saceu | 8 W 8 0 epyueg| = ¢ HA | h6T k-oNsn| wogeng} -T8ug *s*p ron ST TeAvu ope.tey, LH6T | Towed | EpTnos | , oF fg | g (0) g 0 Byyueg G HA +H6T , -ONSN mn u i | | ST Teacu uot 4e4g | ope.te 7, LH6T ITy Teen | % TPrnoe 07 | Teweg| ‘“uoTqeqs | 8 () 8 0) eT yueg ¢ HA | +H6T | 2-ONS | Supmredeq 1“ 4 ST Teacu ope. 7, LH6T | Towed | TprTno# 04 At | ea 9g 0) 8 (0) eTqueg 8 S || 6T | -onsn i ee rn | am ST Tescu ia 2 | wort ze45 | ope.te | LOT ITV TeaeN pref | @ FPLnos 0% | Teueg |‘o-TE ‘on | -dtus Tesey ! [ “IL 8 0 eTyueg G HA || 460 /C-ONSO Jetd | woqseTzey9 HOUHSTEAEUD) VAIONVO HIS | | | BIB98TTD R | *L pue stTe | AGU Ope.tey, | eyeTH pus ‘;prno# "09 [TeoTmeyg | eT809, epyueg g Teuep sog-T4AU9a | Youeg oan | | penuzyuco “YNTIONVO HLYON NaN daiditnagi| Nivttv aaiaiinaa, | NIVttv ON NOILYO07 AONZDY 01 |a3u9a0 eation ol |aayoaa Sted OL |aauoaq]) aval jo) AC adocleonhaenaaoee NOILV907 SHLNOW SHLNOW SHLNOW SNOINVI13S9SIN 3V010V10Hd SVOINIO3¥3L VIYONWNI 1 SYI4¥08 NVJOVISNYD SYd4¥08 NVOSN1ION “OH6L Up quesaad OsTs emypeyp S146T 0% HOT mors Quep -unqge AT Ipey Jamo resyds L NIVILV OL SHLNOW SNOINVITSOSIN VIYONNI 1 “aX, Cea seqny. eTyaeg PTO uy suzeq m0 8 <"BTOO sup Oeds) Mey Os -Te fe42 -TH pue BTS 7Tey BT se4.rey Ipue BIeTH Faqeg JO . 3V010V¥10Hd "ds ope, pue‘ dnoas 29e4eTTp "1 Sp Teacu “139 790ed -Tq (sup =o.thT) ops rier“ Tprnog eTueg ‘ds opezey, pues e474 7ed -}q (snpo2 fT) opetey, ‘Tprno# eyyqueg *ds opezey, pues Fprnoz eyyued Fprnos ByTyqueg ‘ds (snpot rT) opeze7, TpLnod eTyueg ot to) NIVLLY Se SVGINIO3¥31 SY3408 NVIJOVISNYO SUYdyO0d NVOSN1ION +61 GH6T 04 +H6T yOoTa Teueg T i SNSA. 4eTUL uoeT ep leouog ‘90F -AJeS 4807, BPE ola T-NdG MOTH U9-10N JeTUL uoey op leouog ‘eoT sizes 9807, BPTIOLaT U410N keg aTn3q -I09 “M’S puetsl ands3909 pues eaoysl Eso *IeTd Teog focoyal=!=) ou=1° (9) IOATY 000‘ 18Td £AEUF FO T-d0S |uojseTzeq9 NOILVI0O7 914193dS =TY jo teu PUN=1\g “-s'o ‘sdzus { go neemmg hi eqny ji -Tys8ul TeFty owed | Snpuy DOTLOW uo; eC | uoy724Sg Sup -upedy, preny | 48809 “S°N qaod hey | varus | | | | _ uoTze4s | BupAapesey TOATH | Tesen "S*n| qeureaes) l VIO | me -sfs feaTpey u1eqyNog 09 quemdoTesegq | . THO Ptepueqs | Wo7seT rey | penupqu0s “YNTTONVD Hanos ADNADYV ONI1V43d009 1 NOILV901 310 NIVILV SNOANVITSOSIN VIYONNI 1 “Ir poupm1e?. -ep 4ON e{eTH pue Bpse. Tey BT seq rey g314)1NaG1 NIVLILY ol. SHLNOW 3Vd10vV10Hd. ‘ds opezey, pues —Tprnos tS) By yueg *ds ope.zoey, pue ;prnoz s BTyued “ds ope, pus *ds(op -ete0TT Sd) _opezey, *;pTNog ds opesey, pue ‘-de (snpoazfT) “1 ppeqaed ‘i ‘tddeto 0 opezey, “ds ope.ey, pue §-dg (oP 91090TT 8d) “an ‘-dg (supozfT) "1 ‘tsyared ‘Z ‘tddeto ope.zey, 0 ‘ds epyueg BW ByTyueg | JVOINIGSY3L S¥Yd4¥08 NVAOVISNYO Sdiyo08 NVOSNTION woTtte4S Ly6T | Teued| tty Teaey oy ¢ +6 |-ddNSO| peorppey Ly6T | Towed | BTooesueg oy | 3 Tag LoFeTe +761 |-daNsn |\dtis £22107 16U| Teweg| uwoTzse9s 04 T | tty Teacy +61 |-dtauso [atts £2107 Lyst| eseg oT} 04 | Teweg+9eg jo pue +H6T je-MNSN| pre0q9nD LH6T | _ woTy 04 | Teueg|-34¢ Teauy +761 [[-XNSO NOILVIO7 ‘eT }s0eI1], “€ td Oi43103dS | INILVY3d0090 eseg eupzemgns Teaey “S"p wlosesueg a a ea a ae ae ea aaa ee a ae ae cw 3804 fey | penuy3u09 ‘yOLeDTA AQNADV NOIL¥907 311 _—~ ~~ rf , 9n6T Ut uo. ze ay dg} 2461 | Towed jo 908 g HA g (0) Fsazeuo0s o4 T opetey, q S Ot 61 |- HANS). ‘ds opeJzey, pue ‘ds (ope.te70TO -T8d) a “des (snporhT) ° 1 Gy6L Ut SETessu ope L461 | Teued amo.teayds -1e7,“TpTnos 04 T JO eo0Bzy, 8 W g 0 BTyueg ¢ HA +H6T |-OONSN ‘ds | opezey, pues | BqFqaedrq (snpo.zfT) “1 ‘8tte -AgU Ope.te 7, SOT ‘gueoTxeu 2146T| pue BYeF IVS : *g ‘Eprnoz 0 *oeds 8 BTseq7e W 6 W Bpyueg g HA cy6él| -VWd ‘de opezey, pue ‘ds , (snpo.tkT) “7, ‘eueot 9n6L | Towed peur ~xem “gq ‘Tp 04 T g -zejzep 40 g ‘Iq, ||-™od epyueg G HA +H6T |- DONSO NVHHELEVD - OOTXEN 40 FIND NIVWLLV ol 334930 UVaa Q3141/1N301 4349340 SWHOS SHLNOW SVGINIO383L NIVLILV OL SHLNOW NIVItV OL SH1NOW d31411N30) SNOINVIISOSIN _ VIYXONNID 3v¥010¥70Hd SYJYOS8 NVAJOVISNYO Sdi408 NVISN1 ION puey -s] Joqaey T ‘ON 300 NOILVOO7 91)41903dS eaeg suzy yesedg uoTyeaS ITY TeaeNn “s"a “OO SUuTT edtq eTqumy tee Jet uoTT Tesen “Sn ADNADV ONILVY3d000 Teasn “sn snd.itop 312 | | | | | | | | F98TaHO | | | | | | | | | | NOILVOO1 *dnois essen *y, pue dno sTuysse “DT ‘ds (snpot -£1) opezey, “Tye9ez °g ‘gueo d -;xom “¢ : LH6T. etd ese ejeTH pue ‘euuT1eyyey oF | Teueg BupTeng | supqetedo L W BTsey rey 8 S spud ut HA || 7y6T |T-2INSO|T “ON 40Td |} Teaen “s°n “ds : : i ‘9n6T pue opeiey, pue 1y6T| Teueag eseg Gy6T UF sno *ds (snpot 04 1e eur azeugns -ieum Bsampeug|| 9 HA OT 0 |-4T) ope.zez, ; 4n6T |-TaNso| Seq umzy| Teaey ‘s*n| seus, “as! oe = *Teued euo jo edejins mo OS-Gty ve opesoL qnq Be0e1} pue eh 4T980m snpo. Gy6—t pue “L ‘Tsysed Wre{ AUST, qt6T UF i °~L ‘8tLe Ly6T | Towed byuoquy Tes _queseid Byse7,. Tey ees ope.te i, | 04 T qe jJaeqa | uoT7e4IS ITy wulo.teeydg 8 HW || pue e7eTH + HA || ‘ds etyueg; T HA -psnsn; 4teaodmsy,| Teaey “sn 313 ‘ds Ope.1e70T Sd) °L pue *ds (snpoz £9) +n ‘sts -uedTu;mOp (e2kqq0pe ope.tey, eTseq.1ey pue e1ery NIVILV OL SHLNOW VIYONNIT NIVILV OL SHLNOW dvd10V10Hd NVaae Lavo = OOTXHW 40 WIN) vad NIVILV “ON OL 334930 || YV3A} 153) G3141LN30] SWYOS SHINOW SVQINIG3831 NOILV907 ADNADV 914193dS | ONILV¥3d000 d31411N30) NOILV90O1 SNOINVY1139S IW SudyO8 NVIDVISNYO Sudyo8 NVOSNTION NIVILYV OL SHI NOW VIYONNI I | SWYOS SNOINVITSOSIN G31311N301 NIVLILV OL SHLNOW 3¥d1GV¥10Hd pers FrTEQUepT ION TPLeeY (Ope.te90eN) ope.te J, peut -104ep JON tt) euTuLIE79p 04 4£2p cog G31411N3G01 SWYOS 3VOINIGSuaL ws L461 JOATY 0% | Teueg) Uenp wag 1 s Gy6T | g-dO|T “ON ta Pron Ly6T seT LT punsey 09 «| Teuweg log ON UOT I) HA || Gy6L| T-dd}| -B49 SoTa LHGT | 04 ©6(| Teueg FreqM 8 “TL || Gy6T |} G- Vv SATeL HET LH6T | 04 «| Towed g S | Sy6T) x-V jsteuM UTeN LET | E | 04 | Teueg Moog W410m 8 HA || Gy6t; ¢-W| -2699ng i 8x00 Sut [Ose pue £97 LH6T fIFaO ween, 03 | Teueg -eq fea 8 O || SR6L) e-V\-PTm quroOg LH6T Toued |yj4eg jooy NIVILY ol ~ SHLNOW “ON is3i NOILVIO7 334930 d14103dS YVaA SYd4O8 NVIOVISNYO SYdyO08 NVOSN1IOW uot7et -od.09, umeT O139q 9TOe8I9 u u (SaeuT seu equity) “op queudoTeseq TFO ptepuess AINADV ONILVY3Sd000 oqtdrazeg oqTpeoereyy 514 u NOILV9O1 ‘ds opetey, pus ‘ds (ope.te90T -T8d) “L “-ds (snpoz -£7) opezey, fovuT toy; ey @Beqqtzeo | | ‘a ‘stre| -ueo Bpyueg! 315 Gy6T, Teteg| fT Toe 04 z duypqe18do HA || #6T |-Gansn Teaey “s-a| 5 ‘ds ope.oy, pus ‘ds (snpozhT) “y ‘snuoo -FP ope], ‘-ds eTyqueg “Tyeqez *¢ ‘euuT teyyey eyyqueg GH6L |- Teueg 04 T AQtTpoeT Ity HA || +61 |-aansn Teaen “sa 2rqeg | ee a aaa ae a a i a eee NIVILV OL SH1LNOW VIYONNIT l NIVLLV ol SH1LNOW dvd10v10Hd NOILVIO1 ADNADYV _ I14193dS | DNILVY3d009 aai4iinag) | N!Vttv¥ 334940 OL |aauoaal] uvaa SWYOS SHLNOW SVGINIG3IY3L G31411N301 "ON 1is3l NOILV9O1 SNOINVITSOSIN SY3d08 NVJOVLSNUD Suayog NVOSN110N ‘GH6L UT quepunge emMTeyo NW ACEY d3141/1N301 OL |334u930 Snuod SHLNOW VIYONNID SNOINVIISOS IW “2, ope.te 7, ‘ds opeze7, pue -ds (enpo.247 ope.ie 7, “ds (snpo.zkT) ‘L pue ‘ds poete,0TTsq ope.te 7, Ntviliy 03/411N301 O1 SWYOS SHLNOW 3vd10V10Hd AVOINIG3¥31 SYsy08 NVAOVISNHYO Sugu08 NVOSN110W Gy6éT | Teued 07 T +H6T |- LENSN Joq.req eoueTqessey | “BUF puey | GY6T | Teueq|) «qa0qTT | 07 | T eu} 328 thH6T |-GONSN | UJ4eg Buy, Gy6L | Teueg 04 T h6T FISNSO NOILY9O1 914193dS seg Fupyupety snorqrud Uy poousapy *eor0q snoytq Fudny WIUSTa eseg Buy yee do Tesen “s"a eseg Sup 7226 do Teaen “sn o4.162T¢ VISINAG Bouelqesep QDD0HON | | | | | | | | | i | | I | | | | | i} | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ! | | | | | \ outeTeg | | | (AILOIS) AIVar AONADY ONILVY3d0090 NOILV90O1 316 | | | | | | | | OH6T | Toueg | 3008408 oy T uot#eIS ITY | 8 HA 8 Oo | Bpeg| 9g HA || 46T FVSNSO Teaen ‘S'n = Gy6L | Tevedg JoqreR | Beouqes f _ 04 G Teed “4S ! mW “I, TT 0 eyqueg| TT. W || +60 |-vaNSA |‘teTta Amay m1 re. 4 : | ; Ly6T | Teweg = | 3008708 04 h IOI pusl | ies |)