POLYZQA from QUEEU CEAHL0T23 ISUlTDS / A' %^, X^ J*. '^ m-^. '-^ AN '••odojAs •s"! •SOWS aaoiAv?) Aq p*jru9o>nuDw INnOWOlOHd ROGICK COLLEaiOM /<.//- /vi->>v- .>;z,i^y .7 2^" c'lSi^-t^v^ t7 hliora WaUichiana, Hincks. Houston-Stewart Channel, 15-20 fms. [Spitzbergen, 20-80 fms., Finmark, Godhaab, 150 fms.] This form was first described by Smitt * as a variety of R. notojxichi/s, Busk, a Crag fossil. Some years later the exa- mination of specimens obtained by Dr. Wallich in Davis Straits convinced me that it was a distinct species, and it was accordingly described as such {' Annals ' for Jan. 1877, p. 107), with the name which Mr. Busk had already assigned to it in MS. B. WaUichiana, when fully developed, forms intricate convoluted and cliambered masses of considerable size. It is one of the many arctic species which have migrated to the Queen Charlotte Islands. Family Celleporidae. Cellepora (part.), Fabricius. CeUepora incrassata, Lamarck. Houston-Stewart Channel; Virago Sound, incrusting the stems of Hydrozoa. [Finmark, Spitzbergen, Greenland, Banks of Newfound- land.] * "Kritisk forteckn. ofver Skandinavien's Hafs-Bryozoer," CEfvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 18(37, Biliang. 30 Rev. T. Hincks on the Celleporaj ? sp. Zoarium incrusting, of a rather dark brown colour. Zooecia (towards the centre of the colony) erect, crowded, barrel- shaped, some elevated, some immersed ; surface smooth, more or less punctured round the margin ; orifice arched above, lower margin slightly curved outwards (suborbicular), and having in the centre a small notch, rounded below and con- tracted at the opening by two minute denticular projections ; operculum arched above, straight and entire below ; peristome raised in front, embracing a short and stout rostrum, placed immediately below the oral notch, and beai'ing an avicula- rium on one side close to the top, with rounded mandible directed upwards ; two very tall articulated marginal spines, placed one on each side of the orifice above. Large avicularia scattered amongst the cells with a broad subspatulate man- dible, the beak elevated at the extremity into a hood-like projection, not denticulate. Ocscium (?). Incrusting Retepora and shells. I cannot identify this form with any of the described species known to me ; but I am by no means prepared at present to say that it is new to science. It does not appear (so far as I can judge in the absence of the figures) to be included amongst the ' Challenger ' Celleporce characterized by Busk (Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xv. 1881, p. 341, &c.). If it should prove to be (as I suspect) undescribed, I should propose for it the name of Cellepora brunnea. Additional. Family Porinidae. Lagenipoea, Hincks. This genus, as originally constituted *, was formed for a Porinidan species in which the cells are more or less im- mersed in a calcareous crust. But I am now convinced that this character cannot properly be made the foundation of a generic group, and I propose to apply the name to such forms as possess a lageniform cell with a free orbicular orifice and are destitute of a special pore. The original type of the genus, L. socialis mihi, will hold a place in the reconstituted group, along with Phylactella lucida mihi, a Madeiran species (see * ' Annals ' for September 1877 ; ' Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa,' vol. i. p. 236. Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 31 * Annals ' for July 1880), and a kindred form from the Queen Charlotte Islands, which I shall now describe. Lagenipora spinulosa, n. sp. (PL III. fig. 4.) Zooscia lageniform, rather irregularly disposed, the lower portion adherent, ovate, thickly covered with punctures (some- times almost obliterated, when the surface appears roughened or subgranulous) ; the oral extremity free, tubular, much pro- duced, suberect, the surface perfectly smooth and subhyaline, slightly expanded upwards ; orifice terminal, suborbicular, the front margin plain or trimucronate, and more or less elevated above the rest, somewhat everted, on each side a raised process bearing a small aviculariiim of the Scrupocellaria type, with minute pointed mandible directed outwards, on the upper (or hinder) margin several spinous processes. Ooecium small, rounded, smooth, placed far down at the back of the tubular portion of tlie cell. Zoarium forming small lobate patches. On TuhuUpora (especially) and shells ; not uncommon. This form is nearly related to L, lucida, mihi, but is, I have no doubt, distinct. There is a marked difference between the avicularia of the two species. In L. spinulosa there are two, one on each side of the orifice, resembling very closely the form which is characteristic of the genus Scrupocellaria. In L. lucida there is only a single minute, oval aviculariura, which is borne on a stout process, in the centre of the lower margin. L. spinulosa is altogether stouter in habit than the Madeiran species, and in the normal state the adherent portion of the cell is thickly punctured, whereas it is entire and smooth and subhyaline in the latter. It differs from L. lucida in another point. On each side of the free tubular portion of the cell there is a very distinct line, running the whole length of it, which seems to mark the junction between the front piece and the rest of the tube. The strongly marked groove at the base of the neck-like extension in L. lucida is wanting in the present form, which is also characterized by a peculiar habit of growth. Microporella Malusii, Audouin. A variety of this species occurs, in which there is a very prominent umbo below the pore. Schizoporella biaperta, Michelin. In a variety of this widely distributed species from the 32 Rev. T. Hincks on the Queen Charlotte Islands the lateral avicularia have a pointed mandible instead of the normal rounded one. Sraitt haa noticed the same thing in Floridan specimens. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate III. Fig. 1. Lepralia hilahiata, n. sp. 1 a. Zooecium with ovicell. 1 h. Zooe- cium with the opercukim thrown back, showing the entrance to the tubular passage. Fig. 2. Lepralia ckunculata, n. sp. 2 a. Ocecium. Fig. 3. Mncro)wlla spinosissiina, Hincks, form major ; group of cells, showing the tubules in the front wall. 3 a. Primary cell. 3 h. Zoojcium, showing the position of the ovicell behind the tubular orifice. Fig. 4, Lagenipora spinulosa, n. sp, Plate IV. Fig. 1. Muo'onella prcelucida, n. sp. Fig. 2. MucroneUa prcehnga, u. sp. Fig. 3. Smittia sputhulifera, n. sp. Fig. 4. Porella marsupinm, 31acGrillivray, form porifera. Fig. 5. Porella major, n. sp. [Plate IX.] Suborder Cyclostom ATA. Family Crisiidae. Crisia (part.), Lamouroux. Crisia cornuta, Linnaeus. Houston-Stewart Channel ; Virago Sound ; common. [Norway, Britain, Brittany, Mediterranean.] Crisia ehurnea, Linnseus. Virago Sound. [North and Arctic Seas, St. Lawrence, Labrador, St. George's Banks, California, Fiji Islands, New Zealand and Australia, Madeira, Mediterranean, Britain.] Ami kMcig.Nat. Hist . S. 5. Vol. 13. PI . HI T.liincks del . Mintem Bros Iith . Ajiri kMctq.Kat Hist.S.o.Vol. 13. PI :1V. T.Hincks del. Mintern Bros . litli . Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 33 Crista denticulata^ Lamarck. Houston-Stewart Channel. [Kara Sea, Norway, Spitzbergen, Grand Manan, Britain, Adriatic, Madeira, South Africa.] Family Tubuliporidae. Stomatopoea, Bronn. Stomatopora major , Johnston. On shell, rare. [Bergen, Britain, Brittany.] Stomatopora diastoporides^ Norman. On shell. [Entrance of Baffin's Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Britain.] Stomatopora ma^assata, Smitt. A specimen occurs exhibiting the anastomosing habit which is characteristic of British examples of this species. Cumshewa ; Houston-Stewart Channel. [Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Kara Sea, Britain.] TUBULIPORA, Lamarck. Tubulipora lohulata, Hassall. Houston-Stewart Channel, on shell. [Scandinavian coasts, Britain.] Tuhidipora perfragilisy n. sp. Zoarium adnate, white, and composed of very delicate ma- terial, consisting of a short stem, widening upwards, which divides dichotomously into two principal branches, these again subdividing dichotomously, the lower segments curving down- wards so as almost to surround the point of origin and the stem, and giving to the whole colony a flabellate form ; branches slender at the base, expanding upwards, thickly covered with the cells, occasionally a second expansion origi- nating from the summit of the first, to which it is connected by a narrow base. Zocecia crowded on the branches, radi- ately disposed, very slender, with a speckled surface, a large portion of the length free and subhorizontal, sometimes con- 34 Rev. T. Hiiicks on the nate and in companies of 2-4, sometimes single and detached ; orifice orbicular, unarmed. Gonocyst an irregular inflation of the surface of the branch, minutelj punctate. On shell. This form has some points of resemblance to TuhuUpora capitata, mihi ('Annals' for August 1881, "Contributions towards a General History of the Marine Polvzoa"), an Aus- tralian species ; but there are differences in the habit of growth and in some of the details of structure which probably entitle it to a distinct name. The present species is exceed- ingly delicate and of most graceful form. The branches seem to be slightly attached and are commonly free towards the extremities ; the tubes are remarkably slender, and the free portions are horizontally inclined rather than erect. T. per- fragilis bears much resemblance to D'Orbigny's figure of his Idmonea cenomana (Pal. Frang., Terr. Cretacds, vol. v. Atlas, Tuhulipora Dawsoni, n. sp. (PI. IX. fig. 5.) Zoarium forming a spreading, irregularly shaped, intricate, coral-like mass, composed of many branches, much divided and subdivided dichotomously, which radiate from the point of origin and anastomose freely; branches massive, of consi- derable width, somewhat compressed, flattened in front, ex- panding upwards, bifid or trifid at the extremities (which are cellular), recumbent or suberect, never adnate, but attached by numerous calcareous offsets from the dorsal surface to the shell or stone on which the colony grows. Zooecia arranged (in part) in transverse rows (two to five in each), which slant slightly downwards, connate, with a large suborbicular orifice, increasing in height from the inner side outwards, so as to give a serrated a])]jearance to the edge of the branch ; the rows sometimes extending to the centre of the branch, but not sepa- rated by any distinct mesial line, sometimes (and more com- monly) ranging along the sides, the centre being occupied by many detached cells irregularly distributed, with a subor- bicular orifice, which is usually scarcely raised above the surface ; walls thickly and minutely punctate ; the dorsal sur- face rounded, lineated longitudinally, punctate, often with transverse furrows. Common amongst the dredgings ; on shells and stones. In this fine species the disposition of the c^Us connately iu transverse rows is very much confined to the sides of the branch, and a striking characteristic is the crowd of scattered cells which very commonly fills the centre. The latter are Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 35 generally very slightly raised above the surface of the zoarium. The rows vary in length and occasionally extend to the centre of the branch ; but usually the condition is as I have de- scribed it. The zooecia composing them increase in height from within outwards, and the tallest form a conspicuous line along the margin of the branch. The branches are for the most part broad and compressed, and inosculation takes place freely. A peculiarity which at once arrests attention is the large development of dorsal appendages for the purpose of attachment : these are short, cylindrical, calcareous processes, which are given off in great number from the under surface of the branches, and become firmly soldered to the body on which the polyzoon grows (PI. IX. fig. 5«). I have great pleasure in naming this form, which is a very characteristic member of the Polyzoan fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands, after Dr. G. M. Dawson. Tuhuliporafasciculifera^ n. sp. (PI. IX. fig. 6.) Zoarium flat, thin, closely adnate, flabellate. Zooecia free and erect above, depressed Ipelow, the free extremities dis- posed in short, disconnected, more or less divergent series, which range in radiate fashion (but somewhat irregularly) towards the margin, the series sometimes composed of a single line of connate tubes, sometimes of two lines placed side by side, sometimes of clusters (or fascicles) of tubes ; orifice orbicular, unarmed ; surface thickly speckled. Oonocyst an inflation of the zoarium, usually placed near the margin, involving a num- ber of the zooecial tubes ; surface covered with minute disks closely packed together. On shell. The fasciculate arrangement of the zocecia is the most dis- tinctive character of the present species, but many single lines of cells mingle with the composite series. It grows in flabel- late patches, which sometimes give off long linear or subclavate lobes. The free portion of the cell is much elevated and more than suberect. So far as the character and arrangement of the zooecial series are concerned, the Cretaceous Midtifascigera Gampi- cheana, D'Orbigny, curiously resembles the present form (see Paldont. Fran9. vol. v.. Atlas, pi. 762. fig. 8). DiASTOPORA (part.), Lamouroux. Diastopora patina^ Lamarck. Cumshewa, on Tubulipora and Myriozoum. [North and Arctic Seas, South Labrador, Britain, France (S.W.), Adriatic] 36 Rev. T. Hincks on the Diastopora Sarmensis, Norman. Off Curashewa, 20 fms. [English coasts (south-west and south-east), Mediterranean (probably).] Diastopora suborhicularis (?), Hincks. [=D. simplex, Busk.] On shell. [Greenland, Finmark, Britain, Naples.] A single specimen occurs, imperfectly developed, which seems to have the characters of this species. A larger portion of the cell is free than is usual in D. suborhicularis ; but there is always much diversity in this respect, due to difference of habitat. The margin of the zoarium is slightly lobate, but this may be owing to the immature condition of the specimen. Family Licheuoporidae. LiCHENOPOEA, Defrance. Liclienopora hispida^ Fleming. On shell. [Norway, Finmark, Greenland, South Labrador, Britain, France (S.W.), Naples.] Liclienopyora verrucaria, Fabricius. Virago Sound, on Sertularella. [Norway, Arctic Seas, Bay of Fuudy, St. George's Banks, Britain (North and West) .] Suborder Ctenostomata. Family AlcyonidiidaB. Alcyonidium, Lamouroux. Alcyonidium gelatinosum^ Linngeus. Virago Sound. [North and Arctic Seas, North America, Britain, Natal.] Family Vesiculariidae. BowEEBANKiA, Farre. A member of this genus occurs on Sertularians from Virago Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 37 Sound, which is probably referable to B. imhricataj Adams, form densa, Farre. [White Sea, Caspian Sea, Britain.] Family Buskiidae. BuSKiA, Alder. Bushia mtens^ Alder. Virago Sound, on a Sertularian ; also creeping over Cellaria. [Das^is Straits, White Sea, Barents Sea, Britain.] Family Cylindrceciidse. Cylindececium, Hincks. Cylindroecium giganteum^ Busk. In the specimens which I refer to this species, the cell is of more slender habit than in British examples and the ecto- cyst less opaque ; but these differences are of slight moment, and I have little doubt that the Pacific form is specifically identical with our own. [Britain.] [Group ENTOPROCTA.] Order PEDICELLINEA. Family Pedicellinidae. Pedicellina, Sars. Pedicellina gracilis^ Sars. Virago Sound. [Norwa}', Spitzbergen, White Sea, Britain.] APPENDIX. Family Cellulariidje. Menipea ternata^ Ellis & Solander. The form occurs in which the two lower cells in the triplet are much elongated and attenuated, and the habit in consequence is much more slender and graceful than in the normal condi- tion. Smitt has recorded this variety from the north. 38 Rev. T. Hincks on the Menipea comjjacta, n. sp., form triplex. (PI. IX. fig. 8.) [Described on page 3 of the Report.] Only a small and imperfectly developed example of tins species occm-s amongst Dr. Dawson's dredgings ; but very fine specimens from California (where it seems to be ex- tremely abmidant) and Vancouver Island enable me to cor- rect my description of it in one or two particulars. I find that on the same colony internodes composed of three cells are mingled with others bearing five or six, so that it is incorrect to designate the triple condition as a distinct form. We have a similar variation in Menii^ea ternata. The oper- culum is not " acicular," as described, in its fully developed state, though always very moderate in size. It is usually, in its perfect condition, clavatc, expanding slightly above. M. compacta grows in luxuriant bushy tufts, which bristle with spines. Family Cellariidse. CeUaria mandibulata^ n. sp. (PI. IX. fig. 7.) [See page 6.] The figures represent the avicularium, which exhibits pro- bably the least specialized form of the appendage in the Cel- larian series, and a shoot of the natural size, in which there is a curious departure from the usual dichotomous ramifica- tion. The brandies are given ofi" from the stem at intervals on each side, instead of forming a fork at the joints. This peculiarity, however, does not appear to be characteristic of the species. Family Membraniporidae. Meynbranipora velata, Hincks. This Californian species occurs on shells dredged ofi^ Cum- shewa ; but the specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands are destitute of the large avicularia. (See ' Annals ' for August 1881, p. 130.) Memhranipora acifera^ MacGillivray, form multispinata. [See page 8.] In a previous portion of this Report I have referred a Memhranipora from the Queen Charlotte Islands to the M. acifera of MacGillivray^, of which it seemed to me to be a * Described and figured in a paper read before the Royal Society of Victoria, December 9, 1881 . Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 39 variety. But in a paper read before the Royal Society of Victoria, October 12, 1882, MacGillivray states that further examination has led him to identify this species with his Mem- hranijjora serrata, which is certainly quite distinct from the North-Pacific form. I shall therefore characterize the latter as Me7nhranij)ora pallida^ n. sp. Zocecia elongate-oval, front wall wholly membranous, quin- cuncially disposed, margin thin, smooth, usually slightly elevated at the top ; an erect spine on each side above and from six to eight slender pointed spines down each side, which in- cline inward ; generally at the bottom of the cell, on a small quadrate area, an avicularium with an expanded base (occu- pying the area) and a very long, slender, tapering beak, which stretches upward along the margin ; mandible trian- gular below, above setiform. Ooecium (?). Zoarium whitish, texture delicate. Virago Sound ; spreading luxuriantly over shell. Memhranipora exilis, n. sp. [See page 9.] On further examination of this species I find that it agrees with M. 7-adicifera, Hincks, in being attached (in some cases at least) by radical tubes given off" from the dorsal surface. It is not closely adnate to the surface on which it grows, as most of the ISlemhraniporce are, but is furnished witli special organs of attachment. The first specimen which came under my notice (and on which my description was based) is grow- ing on Cellaria borecdis, the stem of which it loosely invests j in this case I have not been able to detect any of the dorsal appendages. But on a colony which spreads over a Tuhuli- pora they are present in great numbers, and there can be no doubt that it is anchored by the radical tubes and not adhesive. In both cases the dorsal surface of the cells is convex and rounded, and clearly unfitted for direct attachment. Probably the presence or otherwise of the appendages is dependent on the nature of the habitat. I have already (' Annals ' for July 1881, p. 5, under Mem- hranipora radicifera) drawn attention to certain links con- necting the Membraniporidan series with such forms as Bugula and Diachoris. We have another such link in the present species. A Memhrani-pora which, from the nature of its habitat, had ceased to be adherent and had developed radical fibres as a means of attachment, would have made a very decided advance towards the Bugulan type. 40 Rev. T. Hincks on the Family Porinidae. Lagen{2:)ora sjiinulosa, n. sp. [See page 31.] When I first described this species I had only met with small incrusting- colonies, and was under the impression that they represented the mature and perfect form. I now find, however, that this is by no means the case. When fully grown the zoarium of Lagenipora spinulosa is erect and ra- mose (PI. IX. fig. 4), consisting of a cylindrical stem, which divides and subdivides dichotomously, the branches termina- ting above in short bifid segments. The zocecia are arranged longitudinally in six lines along the stem and branches, those in neighbouring lines alternating; the oral (or neck-like) portion free and projecting, tlie lower immersed. The surface of the cell is covered with very large foramina, which are closed in by membrane. Primary orifice elliptical, slightly narrowed below. The surface of the ocecium is smooth, and entire behind ; a raised line arches across it towards the front, and the portion in advance of this line is covered with minute disks closely packed together. In its perfect condition this species bears a close resemblance, so far as habit and general appearance are concerned, to an Entalophora. The wall of the cell is built up of tubes placed longitudi- nally and closely appressed to one another ; this curious structure may be best observed in the erect neck-like portion of the zooecium. The superficial foramina are probably the openings of the tubes. The lateral avicularia are supported on a tubular structure, which may be traced stretching down the inner wall of the oral cylinder (neck) and tapering off finely below. Lageni- pora spinulosa would seem to be abundant where it occurs ; it must be accounted one of the most interesting forms which Dr. Dawson's dredgings have yielded. Family Myriozoidse (part.). SchizoporeUa cruenta, Norman. This species must be added to the list of North-Pacific forms. The single specimen which occurs is in fine condition, and has the oral sinus much more strongly marked than the British examples which I have examined. The deep-red colour of the zoarium when fresh has given place to a uniform black. [Nova Zembla, Greenland, Britain, from Shetland to the Channel Islands.] Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 41 Schizoporella hiaperta^ Michelin. A specimen has occurred in which the oral avicularia as- sume both the round and spatulate form, as is commonly the case in the allied 8cliizoporella armata^ mihi. Schizoporella Dawsoni. [See page 20.] The species described under the above name I have now no doubt is identical with Escharina torquata of D'Orbigny (' Voyage dans I'Araerique meridionale,' tome v. 4*^ partie, p. 11, =Flustra torquata, Lamouroux). Schizoporella tor- quata must therefore take the place of S. Dawsoni in the Report. I have, however, much pleasure in dedicating a fine species of Tubulipora (which I trust will prove to be unde- scribed) to the able investigator to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of the marine fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Schizoporella torquata (D'Orbigny), Lamx. (PL IX. fig. 2.) Virago Sound, on shell. [Bay of Hio, on dead shells.] Schizoporella linearis, Hassall, form inarmata. The only specimens amongst the dredgings which are refer- able to this species are totally destitute of avicularia. In other respects they agree with the typical form, and must be regarded as an unarmed variety. [Scandinavia, South Labrador, Mediterranean, Britain, France (S.W.).] Family Escharidse (part.), Smitt. Lepralia cleidostoma, Smitt, var. A variety of this species occurs which is destitute of avicu- laria. There is frequently a small knob on each side of the orifice, and always a stout mucro immediately below it. The ooecia do not exhibit the strise which Smitt describes, but are smooth and polished. The only specimen, however, which I have examined is strongly calcified and has a highly varnished surface, and in this condition the striae may be obliterated. An Australian variety has already been described with circular instead of pointed avicularia (' Annals ' for August 1881, p. 122). / 42 Rev. T. Hincks otr the ? Porella argentea, n. sp. (PL IX. fig. 1.) Zocecia ovate, quincuncial, rather depressed (sutures shal- low) , surrounded by raised lines, surface thickly covered with punctures ; orifice expanded above and well arched, contracted below ; peristome slightly raised, especially above, a very prominent hinge-denticle on each side a little above the lower margin ; immediately below it an umbonate swelling, bearing on its inner aspect an avicularium^ with rounded mandible, directed upwards. Ocecium rounded, not prominent, surface somewhat roughened, usually a circular pore on the front. Zoarium white and silvery. Houston-Stewart Channel, on shell. Mucronella spinosissima, Hincks. On further examination I find tliat in the younger cells there are two or three lines of pores forming a belt round the mar- gin ; and it seems probable that the curious tubular system which I have described (see page 27 of the Report) owes its origin to these. At least I can only explain it by sup- posing that, as calcification proceeds, it is arrested by the pores, and extends around them but not over them ; so that they continue open, and form at last tubular shafts piercing the stony crust which has been piled up about them. Retep07'a Wallichianaj Hincks. This species has been obtained in Vancouver Island. General Remarhs. The number of species recorded in the present Report from the Queen Charlotte Islands is 96, of which 36 appear to have been hitherto undescribed. Of the 60 species known to science more than a third (24 at least) seem to be distinctively Arctic forms, and of these 17 occur in the British seas *. Migration has taken place on the side of Davis Straits and Behring Straits : on the one the circumpolar species have distributed themselves along the North-American coasts and more or less widely along those of the British Islands ; on the other they have colonized the nearer portions at least of the North Pacific. In the comparatively warm waters which * The seven Arctic species whicli occur in the Queen Charlotte Islands hut not in Britain are Cellaria boreah's, Fhistra membraiiaceo-tnmcata, Memhranipora 8 phice, Smittia plkatn, Rdepora Wallichiana, Cellepora incrassata, and Myriozoum coaj-ctatum. The whole number of species conniion to the Islands and Britain is fortv-three. Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. 43 bathe the shores of the Queen Charlotte Islands they evi- dently find a congenial home and are finely developed. There is nothing to show that they are unfavourably affected by the change of climate. Of these northern forms only one seems to reach the Mediterranean ; a few are widely distributed in the British seas, while the rest are pretty much confined to Shetland and the north-east and north-west coasts. In Prof. Verrill's ' Check-List of the Marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence ' (1879) thirty-one species are included which occur in the Queen Charlotte Islands, and of these nineteen are Arctic ; so that the results of the northern migration have been much the same on both sides of the continent. The remaining species obtained by Dr. Dawson constitute a somewhat miscellaneous company. They include a small group of cosmopolitan forms which occur in almost all lati- tudes, and are expected, as a matter of course, to be present wherever Polyzoa are found. Such are Microporella ciliata (perhaps the most widely distributed species in the class), iSchizoporella hyalina (which almost equals it in this respect), Smittia trispinosaj and perhaps Hii^pothoa distans. A few species occur which have been found as far up the Pacific coast of America as California and Vancouver Island, but which are not known as Arctic forms. These are no doubt southern species which have travelled so far northwards. Indeed the Queen Charlotte Islands are, in a remarkable degree, the meeting-ground of northern and southern forms. Memhranipora Eosselu, M. tenuiroslris, Crihrilina radiata^ ScMzoporella Cecilii, S. sanguinea, S. torquata, and Dtastopora suborhicularis are essentially southern. Seventeen species are common to the Islands and Australia, and of these thirteen are also European : nine of them occur in the Arctic seas. Two have only been found, so far, in Australia and the Queen Charlotte Islands [Porella marsiqnum and Mucronella sjnnosissima) . Lepralia cleidostoma has oc- curred in these two localities and off the coast of Florida. It may be noted here that of the whole number of Queen Charlotte Islands species only nine are not also European. Some of the ascertained facts respecting the distribution of the Polyzoa are sufficiently perplexing, and we must wait for a larger accumulation of data before we may hope to explain them satisfactorily. The way in which certain species are strewn, as it were, at haphazard over the surface of the globe is a difficulty of which the solution is not apparent. We must, I think (as I have suggested before), make large allowance for the agency of man, and of currents, floating weed and 44 On the Polyzoa of Queen Charlotte Islands. timber, &c., in the diffusion of the species, apart from the general laws which preside over the distribution of life. Further light will no doubt be thrown on the relations of the Polyzoan fauna of the Islands when we know more of the history of the group of new forms recorded in this Report. We may venture, I think, to say, that they are not to any large extent Arctic. Are they southern coast-line emigrants, or do they occupy their original home ? EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Fig. 1, ? Porella aryentea, n. sp. Fig. 2. Schizoporella torquata (D'Orbigny), Larnx. Fig. 3. Cellepora ? n. sp. (brunnea) ; a cluster of zooecia, showing one of the mai"2:inal decumbent cells. Fig. 4. Lagenipora spimdosa, n. sp. ; erect form, nat. size. Fig. 5. Tuhulipora Dmosoni, n. sp., nat. size. 5 a. Portions of tlie stem showing the offsets from the dorsal surface, by which the zoa- rium is attached. 5 b. Portion of a branch, showing the dispo- sition of the zooecia. 5 c. The extremity of a branch, showing the cellular capitulum and several of the scattered central zooecia. Fig. 6, Tubulipora fascicuUfera, n. s^. ; porlion of the zoarium, showing the arrangement of the zooecia. 6 a. A colony, nat. size. Fig. 7. CeUaria mandibtdata, n. sp. ; avicularian cell. 7 a. Nat. size, showing a peculiarity in the ramification. Fig. 8. 3Ienipea compacta, n. sp. ; fi-ont view of an intemode. 8 a. Dorsal surface. Atuv. Sb Mag. Nat. Hist .S.5. Vol. 13. PI. K. V/-"^ i^ f"!- %\ ^^as^fSI^ T Hun.clcs , del . 'J Mintem B3?o3 imp w^mx