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“VOYAGE OF ELMS. CHALLENGER

UNDER THE COMMAND OF

Captain GEORGE S. NARES R.N., F-:RS.

AND

CaPparn FRANK TURLE THOMSON, R.N. i

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

sin C. WYVILLE: THOMSON, Kut) SPReSs ce

. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATUKAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
DIRECTOR OF THE CIVILIAN SCIENTIFIC STAFF ON BOARD

ZOOLOGY—VOL. I.

PART VI.—REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES

Published bp Order of Der Majesty's Government

aos P
Sa : eG
Se ete
cep 14 loor

PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

F AND-SOLD BY

‘LONDON :-LONGMANS & CO.; JOHN MURRAY; MACMILLAN & CO.; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.
tad TRUBNER & CO.; E: STANFORD; J. D. POTTER; anp C. KEGAN, PAUL, & TO.

1. EDINBURGH :—ADAM & CHARLES BLACK anp DOUGLAS & FOULIS

DUBLIN :—A. THOM & CO. and HODGES, FOSTER, & FIGGIS

Sy 1880

,

Price Ten Shillings

NOTE.

In regard to the Challenger Expedition, shore fishes were much in the position
g 8 , P
of land birds or mammals, or other groups which lay beyond our special province. At
most of the ports where we remained for any length of time there were numerous
European residents, and opportunities were ample for supplying museums at home
> c=)
at a small cost. It was, therefore, only when we stopped for a time at remote
places, such as St Paul’s Rocks or the Admiralty Islands, that we took special pains to

bring together as many fishes as possible. The collection of shore fishes is accordingly

comparatively small. Owing to the successful use of the deep-sea trawl during the

voyage, and the attention which has been paid to the matter by Mr Murray, the
pelagic and abyssal fishes form one of the most interesting parts of our collection.

This series will also be described by Dr Giinther.

This paper was received on the 16th of June 1879. The type specimens are in the

British Museum.

C. WYVILLE THOMSON.

THE

VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

ZOOLOGY.

REPORT on the Snore Fisues procured during the Voyage of H.M.S. Chal-
lenger in the Years 1873-1876. By Avsert GUntuer, M.A., M.D., Ph.D.,
F.R.S., Keeper of the Department of Zoology in the British Museum.

Tue collection of Fishes procured during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger has been
divided into two distinct series. The first consists of the specimens collected near the
coast at the various localities at which the Expedition landed: they are littoral forms,
to which a few obtained from fresh waters have been added. The second consists of
the specimens obtained in the open sea, either from the surface or from the bettom ;
these are the Pelagic and Deep-sea forms.

The present part treats of the fishes of the first series only. Care has been taken to
enumerate all the species collected, with a statement of the localities where they were
captured ; but descriptions of a part only are given—viz., of those which proved to be
new or but imperfectly known. This series consists of 1400 specimens, representing 520
species, of which 94 are new to science ; and, throughout, bears evidence of having been
collected with judgment and discrimination ; the specimens being carefully labelled, and,
with but few exceptions, in an excellent state of preservation.

The opportunities of collecting shore fishes were dependent on many circumstances,
and, consequently, the faunz of the various localities are very unequally represented in
this collection, as must needs be the case in all voyages of discovery.

Therefore it seemed to me far more useful to students of ichthyology, as well as to
travellers, to arrange the materials geographically, than to follow a strictly systematic
order. Indeed, in adopting this plan I have found a precedent in J. R. Forster's
Descriptiones Animalium, which contains the zoological results of Cook’s Voyage

(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART vL—1880.) F I

2 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

round the Globe in 1772-1774; to facilitate reference, however, to any particular
species, I have added a separate systematic list of all the species collected.

The proportion of new species is larger than could have been anticipated, as most
of the localities visited had been previously well searched by naturalists, and is much
larger than is found in the majority of similar miscellaneous collections. The localities
which yielded the most important results by the discovery not only of undescribed
species, but also of those to which particular faunistic interest is attached, are, in the
Atlantic, St Paul’s Rocks, Ascension, and the mouth of the Plate River ; in the Southern
Ocean, Magellan Straits, Juan Fernandez, and Kerguelen Island; in the Pacific,
Twofold Bay, the Arafura Sea, the Admiralty, Sandwich Islands, and Japan.

In accordance with the instructions received, a complete set of the series, including
661 specimens, especially the typical examples from which descriptions and figures
have been taken, has been deposited in the British Museum.

CONTENTS.

Page Page
I. Tae Fiso-Fauna oF THE SHORES OF THE (d.) Magellan Straits and Falkland Islands, 19
ATLANTIO :-—
(a.) Temperate Zone of the North At- Tes ean tae leat 222
ante 3 oF THE Sout Pactric :—
Co wulrserenieAtian ize, 4 (a.) pa and Juan Fernandez, 23
1. Surface Fishes collected at St Paul’ $s 2) New Zealand, : 25
Roce a 4 (c.) Coasts of Southern Australia, . 27
2. Surface Fishes collected at the fad Vecismesienen T Z
ey ae ” . JHE Piso-Fauna oF THE TRoprcaL ZONE OF
4 THE InDO-PactFic :—
3. St Thomas (West Indies) aad fhe as Aca A
ComonBaak |< ‘her (a.) - es from the River Mary, Queens-
4. Bermuda, . : 8 end, ; ‘ : ase
(c.) Temperate Zone of the South hee 1] (0) ae By rene : ; 24
1. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata, u (c.) The Sea between Australia and New
2. Cape of Good Hope, nade Sey we ay
(iMianne Species. a a : ia ee Indian Are ine 5 il:
(b) Fresh-water Species, : . 14 eae renG : "goa
ae a) Om (7.) The Admiralty Telanides : . 56
; a HEE AUNA OF THE ANTARCTIC OcEAN (y-) The Friendly and Society Islands, . 57
AND on SHORES ABUTTING ON IT :-— (h.) The Sandwich Islands, : . | 09
(a.) Kerguelen Island and Prince Edward's (7.) Japan, : 4 - - 62
Island, ; ‘ : » 14| Sysremaric List, . : ; . 74

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 3

I. THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE SHORES OF THE ATLANTIC.
A. TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.

Some shore fishes were collected by the Expedition at Madeira, and at two of the Cape
Verde Islands, viz., St Vincent and St Jago. The Expedition stayed at the former
place from February 2 to February 6, and on July 9; at St Vincent from July 27 to
August 5; and at St Jago from August 7 to August 9, 1873; and on the return
voyage in 1876 at St Jago on April 16, and at St Vincent from April 18 to April 26.
The species collected at these places are comparatively few in number, and none of
them of special interest; so that their simple enumeration will suffice. The shore fauna
of the temperate zone gradually merges into that of the tropical zone, so that, whilst
the Madeira fishes are almost purely Mediterranean, those of the Cape Verde Islands
show a great admixture of West Indian species.

A single more northern species, obtained south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, is included
in this series.

Anthias sacer, Bl., Madeira.

Sebastes kuhli, Bowd., Madeira.

Scorpena scrofa, L., St Vincent.

Rhypticus saponaceus, Bl. Schn., St Vincent.

Beryx splendens, Lowe, Madeira.

Dactylopterus volitans, L., St Vincent.

Lichia glauca, L., St Jago.

Caranx crumenophthalmus, Bl., St Jago.

Argyriosus setipinnis, Mitch., Porto Praya, St Jago.

Galeoides polydactylus, Vahl., St Jago.

Sphyrena vulgaris, C. V., St Jago.

Mugil cephalus, Cuv., St Jago.

Blennius sanguinolentus, Pall., St Vincent.

Lepadogaster gouant, Barney., St Vincent.

Scarus chrysopterus, Bl., St Vincent.

Hippoglossoides dentatus, Mitch., South of Nova Scotia. Station 49 ;
83 fathoms.

Rhomboidichthys podas, De la Roche, St Vincent.

Hemirhamphus vittatus, Val., St Jago.

Balistes forcipatus, Gm., St Vincent.

Monacanthus setifer, Benn., St Vincent.

4 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

B. TROPICAL ATLANTIC.
1. SurFAce FisHes CoLLEcTED AT St Pavt’s Rocks.

The Expedition landed on these craggy rocks of the Mid-Atlantic on August 27,
1873, and the ship remained moored to the rocks till the 29th. The sea round them is
described as abounding in fish, as is usual at such isolated localities. The fauna is
composed of West Indian forms, with some of the species hitherto found at Ascension
and St Helena; and I have thought it instructive to enumerate them separately,
although evidently many more species might have been collected during a longer stay.
It is not surprising that a distinct, and apparently undescribed, species of the widely
spread genus Holocentrum should prove to be peculiar to this isolated locality.

Holocentrum sancti pauli, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. A).

D. 14, A. +45, L. lat. 48, L. transv. 34/8. The height of the body is two-fifths of the
total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-third; the interspace between
the eyes is 5 in the latter (opercular spine included). The length of the snout is equal
to the diameter of the eye, which is one-fourth of the length of the head; the maxillary
does not reach to the vertical from the centre of the eye. Operculum, with a strong
and thick triangular spine, and with denticulations beneath; preeopercular spine broad,
flattened, and cleft, or bifureate at its extremity; its length is contained 34 times in
that of the posterior edge of the preeoperculum. The third and fourth dorsal spines are
the longest, a little less than half the length of the head; soft dorsal rather elevated,
more than half the height of the body; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe much
longer than the lower; third anal spine very strong, one-third of the height of the body.
Ventral fins about three-fourths of the length of the head, terminating at a great distance
from the anus; pectoral shorter than the ventrals. Uniform red. Length of specimen
16 inches.

Caranz ascensionis, Forst.
Glyphidodon saxatilis, L,
Cossyphus rufus, L.
Platyglossus cyanostigina, C. V.
Enchelycore nigricans, Bonnat.
Balistes buniva, Lae.

2. SuRFACE FISHES COLLECTED AT THE ISLAND oF ASCENSION.
On the return journey (April 1876) the Expedition remained several days at this
locality, so that the naturalists succeeded in obtaining a rather interesting series of its

* [Many of the fishes in this list were collected by Dr Drew,

R.N., and se 6 ar 9
Challenger left—C. Wy, T.] V.N., and sent home to Mr Murray after the

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 5)

surface fishes, adding to its fauna several forms which had escaped the notice of
previous observers; the occurrence of Blennophis webbi, so far south, is a curious
fact. Ascension, like St Helena, has several fishes which hitherto have not been found
elsewhere ; but their distinctive characteristics are merely specific, not generic.

Carcharias obscurus, Les.
Serranus impetiginosus, M. and T.
Sargus argenteus, C. V.
Folocentrum longipinne, C. V.
Lichia glauca, L.

Caranzx ascensionis, Forst.
Blennophis webbi, Val.
Antennarius multiocellatus, C. V.

Glyphidodon sawxatilis, L.

Julis ascensionis, Q. and G., R

In specimens 3 inches and 4 inches in length, the sides are of very light colour, and
traversed longitudinally by a dark purplish band proceeding from behind the operculum,
above the pectoral fin to the root of the caudal. Dorsal with a black spot between the
first three spines; the rest of the fin greenish along its basal portion, and with a blackish
intramarginal band, the tips of the rays being whitish (in spirits). Anal greenish, with
a bright coloured longitudinal band; caudal uniform light yellowish. In a specimen
54 inches long, there is a darker shade on the upper parts of the body, and no trace of
the longitudinal band on the side; the coloration generally is much darker, and there is
a vertical dark line on most of the scales; in other respects the coloration of the four

specimens is similar.

Belone trachura, C. V.
Murena moringa, Cuy.
Monacanthus scriptus, Osbeck.
Balistes vetula, L.

Balistes buniva, Lae.

3. St Taomas (West Inpres) AND THE Coast OF BRAZIL.

The naturalists of the Expedition had only a few opportunities of collecting shore
fishes in this part of the Tropical Atlantic, viz., at St Thomas (March 24, 1873) ; off
Pernambuco (September 10); and Bahia (September 14). Of these localities, the sea off
Pernambuco, described in the List of Stations as No. 122, yielded some interesting
novelties ; the fishes were obtained by means of the trawl in depths varying from 32

6 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

to 400 fathoms, so that the exact depth could not be accurately ascertained for every
species. However, as some of the species obtained on that occasion belong, or are
closely allied, to well known genera of shore fishes, I have considered it safer to include
these at least in the present series than to enumerate them among the deep-sea forms.

Bathyanthias, n. gen. (Percide).

Form of the body similar to that of Anth ias. One dorsal fin with nine spines; anal
with three; caudal truncated. Teeth in villiform bands, in the jaws, on the vomer and
palatine bones, without canines. Tongue smooth. Preoperculum finely serrated, without
projection. Scales of moderate size, very finely ciliated. Branchiostegals seven. Coast
of Brazil.

Bathyanthias roseus, nu. sp. (Pl. IL. fig. B).

D. 9, A. 8, L. lat. 58, L. transv. 3%. The length of the head is nearly equal to the
depth of the body, and one-third of the total length (without caudal). Eye as long as
the snout, and two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space flat, but much
narrower than the orbit; maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye ; the
vomerine teeth form a triangular patch, the palatine bands being very narrow. Six
series of scales on the cheek. Praeoperculum very finely serrated on its posterior margin
and with the angle rounded; operculum without spine. | Caudal and anal fins scaly, but
the soft dorsal scaleless. Dorsal spines rather feeble, the third being the longest, and about
one-third of the length of the head ; pectoral fin falciform, extending to the anal, and not
quite so long as the head; ventrals only half as long. The lateral line ascends rapidly
from its origin towards the spious dorsal, and runs close to the upper profile, descending
again behind the dorsal to the middle of the tail. Colour, uniform rose-coloured, with
two faint lighter longitudinal bands. Length of specimen 44 inches. Station 122; 30
or 350 fathoms.

Centropristis annularis, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. C).

1 / : j ‘ aro) x .

D. +3, A. 3, L. lat. 60. Margin of the preeoperculum rounded, without stronger
spines at the angle ; operculum with three spines. Reddish, with two incomplete black
rings behind the eye, with a large, saddle-shaped spot on the back of the trunk, and with
some small black dots on the dorsal fin. Off Pernambuco. Length of specimen
2 inches. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.

Serranus apua, Bl., St Thomas.
Rhypticus arenatus, C. V., Bahia.
Mesoprion chrysurus, Bl., St Thomas,

“N

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.

Hemulon chrysargyreum, Gthr., Fernando Noronha.
Priacanthus, sp., Station 126.

Pomacanthus paru, Bl., St Thomas.

Scorpana plumiert, Bl., St Thomas.

Holocentrum longipinne, C. V., St Thomas.

Peristethus truncatum, n. sp. (Pl. IL. fig. A).

D. 435, A. 20, L. lat. 32. The length of the preeorbital processes is contained twice and
three-fourths in the distance between their extremities and the anterior margin of the orbit.
Interorbital space deeply concave, with a depressed smooth groove along the middle; a
minute spine on the base of each preeorbital process, but no other on the upper surface
of the snout ; lower jaw with numerous barbels, the longest being fringed. The pre-
opercular ridge does not extend beyond the hind margin of the bone, and is not produced
into a spine; also the opercular ridge terminates in a short and truncated projection.
Each seute of the body with a hooked spine. Each of the bony plates between the ventral
fins is not quite twice as long as broad. Rose-coloured, with small irregular brownish
spots on the upper parts. Length of specimen 64 inches. Coast of Pernambuco.
Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.

Malthe vespertilio, L. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.

Heliastes flavicauda, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. D).

D. 48, A. 32, L. lat. 27, L. transv. 24/9. The height of the body is contained twice
and one-third in the total length (without caudal); the diameter of the eye is a little
more than one-third of the length of the head or than the width of the interorbital space.
Dorsal spines of moderate strength and nearly equal in length; the length of the second
anal spine is one-half of that of the head; caudal fin emarginate, with the lobes rounded.
Sky-blue (in spirits) with purple reflexions ; abdomen purplish ; end of the tail and caudal
fin yellow; a deep black spot superiorly on the axil of the pectoral. Length of specimen
3 inches. Coast of Pernambuco. Station 122 ; 30 fathoms.

Romboidichthys cornutus, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. B).

D. 78, A. 62, L. lat. 48. This species differs from all the other species of the genus
in having the lateral line anteriorly with a very slight obliquity only ; there is no curve.
The height of the body is one-half of the total length (without caudal), the length of the
head a little less than one-third. Head higher than long, with the anterior profile
straight ; snout only half as long as the large eye, the diameter of which is two-fifths of
the length of the head. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width ; the maxillary extending
beyond the front margin of the eye, which it equals in length. Interorbital space
concave, scaly, its width being one-half of the longitudinal diameter of the eye. Lower

8 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

eye a little in advance of the upper. Snout with three pointed projections in front of
the upper eye (at least in the adult). None of the fin rays produced. Pectoral of the
coloured side as long as the head, without snout. A series of distant large blackish spots
along the basal half of the dorsal and anal fins; one or two similar spots on the basal
half of the caudal, and on the terminal portion of the tail. Pectoral with two or three
blackish transverse bands. In two very young specimens which appear to belong to the
same species the eyes are very close together, and there are no tentacles on the snout.
Leneth of specimen 13 to 34 inches. Coast of Brazil. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.

Hippocampus guttulatus, Cuv. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.

Hippocampus villosus, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. D).

Dorsal fin with sixteen rays. Tubercles well developed, rather pointed, the most
prominent provided with bundles of filaments; the whole wpper surface, and especially
the top of the trunk, covered with similar filaments ; supraorbital spine slightly truncated,
and with its anterior portion slightly detached ; coronet of moderate height; the length
of the snout is equal to the distance between the centre of the orbit and the gill-opening.
Uniform light coloured. Length of specimen 24 inches. Off Bahia, in 7 to 20 fathoms.
The figure represents the specimen twice its natural size.

Monacanthus occidentalis, Gthr. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms.
Ostracion quadricornis, L. Station 122 ; 30 or 350 fathoms.

4, BERMUDA.

The marine fish fauna of Bermuda does not exhibit any peculiarity, by which it may
be distinguished from that of the tropical Atlantic generally. No naturalist has paid
more attention to it than Mr J. Matthew Jones, who has collected the fishes round this
island for many years, and who has recently succeeded in obtaining several which hitherto
had escaped observation. Mr G. Brown Goode has published (1876) a Catalogue of the
Fishes of Bermuda, based chiefly upon the collections of the United States National
Museum. Probably in the course of years all the species found round the West Indian
Islands will be found to occur, at least occasionally, near Bermuda.

In the following list those recently observed by Mr Jones are enumerated with those
collected by the naturalists of the Challenger :—

Carcharias obscurus. Serranus undulosus.
Mustelus levis. Serranus coronatus,
itobatis narinari. Rhypticus saponaceus,
Holocentrum longipinne. Mesoprion chrysurus.

REPORT ON THE

Apogon imberbis.

Priacanthus macrophthalmus.

Hemulon xanthopterum.
Hemulon macrostoma.
Gerres lefroyi.

Gerres gula.

Gerres jonesi.

Sargus capensis.
Sargus argenteus.
Pimelepterus bosci.
Chetodon capistratus.
Holacanthus tricolor.
Scorpena plumieri.
Caranx caballus.
Caranex dentex.
Caranx carangus.
Caranx chrysos.
Trachynotus ovatus.
Trachynotus goreensis.
Acanthurus chirurgus.
Thynnus thunnina.
Coryphena pelagica.
Coryphena hippurus.
Nomeus gronovit.
Thyrsites prometheus.
Sphyrena picuda.
Mugil brasiliensis.
Malacanthus plumieri.
Gobius soporator.
Blennius crinitus.
Salarias vomerinus.
Regalecus gladius.
Fistularia serrata.
Aulostoma coloratwin.
Pomacentrus rectifranun.

(ZOOL, CHALL. EXP,—PART vI.—1880.)

SHORE FISHES.

Glyphidodon celestinus.
Platyglossus bivittatus.
Scarus catesbyi.
Pseudoscarus psittacus.
Pseudoscarus sancte crucis.
Brotula barbata.
Hemirhombus soleeformis.
Rhomboidichthys lunatus.
Saurus myops.

Saurus intermedius.
Saurus faetens.

Fundulus bernude.
Belone hians.

Belone jonesi.

Exocatus lineatus.
Exocatus furcatus.
Albula conorhynchus.
Engraulis cherostomus.
Clupea macrophthalma.
Clupea thrissa.
Ophichthys acuminatus.
Myrophis punctatus.
Murena miliaris.
Murena maculipinns.
Murena sancte helene.
Syngnathus pelagicus.
Syngnathus jonesi.
Diodon maculatus.
Tetrodon rostratus.
Tetrodon spenglerv.
Ostracion triqueter.
Ostracion trigonus.
Balistes maculatus.
Monacanthus aurantiacus.

F 2

a)

10 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Gerres lefroyi, Goode, Bermuda.

Diapterus lefroyi, G. Brown Goode, Am, Jour. Sc. and Arts, 1874, p. 123; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.
No. 5, 1876, p. 39.

Gerres productus, Poey, Ann. Lye. N. York, 1876, vol. xi. p. 59; O'Shaughnessy, Zool. Rec., 1877,
vol. xiii. Pisce. p. 12.

Gerres jones, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, vol. iii. pp. 150, 389).

D. 3%, A. 3, L. lat. 49, L. transv. 53/10. The height of the body is two-sevenths of
the total length (without caudal). Preeorbital and preoperculum entire, the latter with
the angle slightly rounded. The groove for the processes of the intermaxillaries does not
extend to the vertical from the centre of the eye, is elongate, and entirely free from
scales. The snout is as long as the eye, and equals the width of the interorbital space.
The spines of the fins are slender, the second of the dorsal slightly exceeding half the
length of the head, and being more than twice as long as the second of the anal fin, which
is stoutish and shorter than the eye. Uniform silvery, from 6 to 9 inches long.

Sargus capensis, Smith, Bermuda.
Pimelepterus bosci, Lac., Bermuda.

Caranex caballus, Gthr., Panama, Bermuda.
Trachurus boops, Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Route, Fish., p. 108.
Caranz caballus, Gthr., Zool. Trans., vol. vi. p. 431.

This species is new to the West Indian fauna.

Fundulus bermude, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, vol. xiv. p. 370),
(Pl. XXXII. fig. B).

D. 14, A. 12, L. lat. 35, L. transv. 13. The height of the body is one-fourth of
the total length (without caudal), the length of the head rather less than two-sevenths.
Snout short, not longer than the eye, with the lower jaw ascending and projecting
beyond the upper. The width of the interorbital space is contained twice and one-third
in the length of the head, the diameter of the eye four times. The origin of the
dorsal fin is opposite to the sixteenth scale of the lateral line, and midway between
the root of the caudal and the preopercular margin. The first anal ray corresponds
to the fourth or fifth of the dorsal fin. Anal fin much higher than long. Brownish-
olive, with numerous indistinct dark greenish cross bands (in the male).

Of this species, of which the original specimen was sent by J. Matthew Jones, Esq., the
Challenger collection contains a second. 2% inches in length. Brackish water, Bermuda.

o

Belone jonesi, Goode (Goode, Amer. Journ., April 1879, p. 340; Gthr., Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, vol. iii. pp. 151, 390).
D. 25,A. 22. The free portion of the tail is rather depressed, somewhat broader

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 11

than deep, the lateral line terminating in a black-coloured keel. The length of the
head is less than one-third of the total (without caudal); its upper surface is broad,
flat, striated; frontal bones diverging behind, leaving a broad space between them
which is covered by skin; this space tapers in front, and is closed between the orbits.
Maxillary entirely hidden by the preorbital. Jaws and teeth strong; vomerine teeth
none; tongue rough. The diameter of the eye is two-thirds of the width of the inter-
orbital space, and two-fifths of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body
stout, not much compressed. Pectoral fin as long as the postorbital portion of the head.
Ventral fin midway between the root of the caudal and the eye. The middle and
hinder dorsal and anal rays subequal in length, short, the last terminating at a con-
siderable distance from the root of the caudal. Caudal fin deeply lobed. Scales very
small, irregular, and adherent. A single specimen, 8 feet long.

Syngnathus pelagicus, Osbeck. Gulf weed, South of Bermuda.

C. TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC.
1. Mouts oF THE Rio DE LA PLATA.

The fishes of this river, as well as of the shores near its mouth, are very incom-
pletely known, more so than those of the southernmost extremity of the Continent.
Therefore, we may well expect considerable additions to be made by future explorers of
this fauna; one-half of the species collected by the Challenger Expedition at this locality,
on its homeward journey (February 25 and 26, 1876), have proved to be undescribed.

Raja platana, un. sp. (PI. TIT.).

Snout long, produced, pointed, the width of the interorbital space being a little
more than one-third of the distance of the eye from the end of the snout. The anterior
profile (from the snout to the angle of the pectoral fin) is undulated. Width of the
interorbital space less than the length of the eye and spiracle together. Mouth
strongly curved. Teeth pointed, in about forty-eight series in the upper jaw. Distance
between the nostril and the angle of the mouth two-thirds of the inter-nasal space.
The outer pectoral angle is a right one. Distance between the two dorsal fins rather
more than the length of the base of the first. Bands of minute asperities along each
side of the snout, and along each superciliary edge. The remainder of the upper side
is smooth, with the exception of the claw-like spines on the pectoral fin which are
peculiar to the male sex. A series of small spines along the median line of the tail.
Lower parts with large black pores symmetrically arranged. Upper parts uniform
brownish, lower whitish.

12 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Distance from the vent to the extremity of the snout, 134 inches; distance from
the vent to the extremity of the tail, 11} inches; greatest width of the disk, 21
inches.

A single adult specimen has been obtained. 25 inches in length. Station 321.
Riode la Plata; 13 fathoms.

Raja nicrops, n. sp. (Pl. IV., 2 natural size).

A short-snouted species. The angle formed by the margins of the snout is obtuse,
and the extremity does not project. The width of the interorbital space is much more
than the length of the orbit together with the spiracle, and is contained twice and two-
thirds in the distance between the eye and the end of the snout. Mouth very slightly
curved ; teeth obtuse, in about forty series in the upper jaw. The outer pectoral angle
is rounded, but the margins would meet at a right angle. The two dorsal fins close
together, separated by a spine only. Minute roughnesses on the snout, the inter-
orbital space, along the median line of the back, and along the front margin of the
pectoral fin. A single spine in the middle of the back, and a series of spines along the
median line of the tail. The muciferous tubes behind the head are very conspicuous,
and arranged like a fan on each side of the occiput; each opens by a pore. Uniform
brown above, white below.

Distance of the vent from the extremity of the snout, 74 inches; distance of the
vent from the extremity of the tail, 85 inches; width of the disk, 11 inches. Length of
specimen, 15? inches.

The single specimen examined is a young male.

Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms.

An adult female (disk, 23 inches wide) received lately by the British Museum, from
Buenos Ayres, has a single curved spine, with a broad base on each side, near the front
margin, on a level with the spiracles.

Ancylodon atricauda, n. sp.

D. 3g, A. 12. The height of the body is somewhat less than the leneth of the
head, which is one-third of the total (without caudal). Eye of moderate size, equal to
the width of the interorbital space, and shorter than the snout. The maxillary does
not extend to the posterior margin of the eye. Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper,
the mandibular teeth being outside the upper lip. The canine teeth are comparatively
smaller than in Ancylodon jaculidens. Vertical fins scaly. The middle caudal rays
prolonged into a narrow pointed lobe. Scales small, silvery, with the caudal lobe
black. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13
fathoms

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 13

Otolithus guatucupa, C. V. Station 321; 13 fathoms.

Micropogon ornatus, n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. A).

D. 9/sz, A. 2, L. lat. 63. The height of the body is one-third of the total length
(without caudal), the length of the head one-fourth. Dorsal profile very concave on
the neck. Diameter of the eye two-thirds of the length of the snout, two-elevenths
of that of the head, and rather more than one-half of the width of the interorbital
space. A series of small barbels from the interoperculum to the lower lip, where they
are most crowded. Preeoperculum without spines at the angle. Dorsal and anal spines
very feeble. Pectoral as long as the head. There are eight or nine scales in a transverse
series between the first dorsal and the lateral lme. A large, round, black spot at the
origin of the lateral lme. Body with six alternately broad and narrow blackish cross-
bands. Pectoral blackish along the middle. Length of specimen, 8? inches. Mouth of
the Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms.

Micropogon undulatus, L., Monte Video.
Percophis brasilianus, Q. and G. Station 322; 21 fathoms.
Prionotus punctatus, Bl. Station 322; 21 fathoms.

Lemonemea longifilis, n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. B).

D. , A. 45. Head, and particularly the snout, depressed ; the latter with the upper
jaw much projecting, not quite twice as long as the eye, the diameter of which is nearly
one-sixth of the length of the head. The head is one-fourth of the total length (with-
out caudal). Cleft of the mouth rather wide, the maxillary not quite extending to
the hind margin of the eye. Teeth of the jaws in villiform bands; vomer, with two
groups of teeth, separated in the middle by a toothless interspace. Barbel about as long
as the eye. Interorbital space wider than the eye. Operculum without spine. Scales
very small. Fins naked. The first dorsal commences above the root of the pectoral, and
is narrow and high, the third ray being prolonged into a long filament. The second
dorsal rather high, but lower than the body. Caudal rounded. Pectoral nearly as long
as the head, without snout. Ventral reduced to a bifid filament, the lower ray being
much longer than the upper, almost half as long as the body. Body brownish; the
dorsal filament, the outer margins of the vertical fins, and the long ventral filament
black. Leneth of specimen, 7} inches. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Station 321 ;
13 fathoms.

Aphoristia ornata, Lac. Station 321.
Arius commersoni, Lac., Monte Video.
Engraulis olida, Gthr. Station 321.

14 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

2. CAPE oF Goop Hope.

The few fishes collected at the Cape do not offer any particular interest.

(a.) Marine Species.
Chorisochismus dentex, Pall., Simon’s Bay.
Tetrodon honckeni, Bl., Cape of Good Hope (the poison-fish of Simon’s Bay).
Bdellostoma cirrhatum, Forst., Simon’s Bay.

(b.) Fresh-water Species.
Spirobranchus capensis, C.V., Rivers at Wellington and Cape Town.
Barbus afer, Ptrs., Rivers at Wellington and Cape Town.
Barbus, sp. (2), in bad state ; River at Cape Town.

Il. THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN AND OF SHORES
ABUTTING ON IT.

The study of the Antarctic surface fish-fauna, and its comparison with that of the
Arctic Regions, is one of the most instructive portions of zoogeography. The abundance
of fish-life appears to decrease in the same proportion towards both Poles. The forms
peculiar to the Antarctic are analogous to those of the North; thus the Cottoids of the
North are represented by the Notothenie, Chenichthys, &c., of the South, the Salmonoids
by the Haplochitonide; yet there is no such relation between the representative forms as
might be considered to be genetic. The resemblance is rather an external one, indicated
by the general form of the body, structure and development of the fins, presence of an adi-
pose fin, &e. Beside those fishes which are peculiar to the Antarctic, some other forms well
developed in the North, but nearly or entirely disappearing between the Tropics, reappear,
as Sebastes, Agonus, Spinax, Myxine, differing but little from their northern congeners.

The Expedition obtained the fishes belonging to this fauna at two points.

A, KERGUELEN ISLAND AND PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND.

Except a flat fish from Prince Edward’s Island, the specimens were collected on the
north-eastern side of Kerguelen Island, between the 7th and 31st of January 1874.
Nearly all we know of the fishes of this island is due to the Naturalists of the Antarctic
Expedition under Captain Ross, and to those of the “Transit of Venus” and Challenger
Expeditions. The number of species known is very small, the following three only
having been described, besides those obtained on the present Expedition :—

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 15

Notothenia coriiceps, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus” and “ Terror”).
Notothenia purpuriceps, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus ” and “ Terror”).
Notothenia antarctica, Peters (Berl. MB., 1876, p- 837).

Raja eatoni, Gthr. (Phil. Trans., vol. elxviii. p. 166).

Of this species a female has been found by the naturalists of the Challenger. It
differs very little from the male found by Mr Eaton ; but, of course, the claw-like spines
on the pectoral fin are absent. The lower part of the body is entirely white, that of
the tail blackish.

Raja murrayi, n. sp. (Pl. V.).

The angle formed by the margins of the snout slightly obtuse, with the extremity
somewhat projecting. The width of the interorbital space equals the length of the orbit.
The distance between the outer margins of the nostrils is rather less than their distance
from the extremity of the snout. Teeth pointed in both sexes, more so in the male than
in the female. Outer pectoral angle obtusely rounded. A curved spine in front and
behind on the superciliary edge. From four to six similar spines placed in a triangle in
the middle of the back. Tail with a median series of from sixteen to eighteen spines, but
with only very small ones on the sides. The spines, as far as described at present, are
found in both sexes, in the old as well as in the young. In the male the greater part of
the upper side of the body is smooth, with the usual patch of recurved spines near the
pectoral angle. In the female the whole of the upper surface is covered with scattered
small stellate asperities, which, in young specimens, are still more numerous than in the
old. The caudal series of spines is, in the young, generally continued forward to the
dorsal spines. Upper parts brown, with rounded darker and lighter spots. A large yel-
lowish ocellus edged with blackish on each side of the back of the male.

Two adults (male and female) and three young specimens were collected. The former
are 174 inches long, the tail measuring 9 inches. The greatest width of the disk is 11
inches. Kerguelen Island.

Zanclorhynchus, n. gen. (Scorpenide).

Body compressed, oblong, without scales, covered with minute asperities. Bones of
the head armed with spines; preeorbital not armed. Snout pointed; mouth very pro-
tractile, lateral, narrow, toothless. Two dorsal fins. Ventral far behind the pectoral,
the pubic bones being much prolonged. Gill-opening reduced to a narrow slit above the
root of the pectoral.

Zanclorhynchus spinifer, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. A).
D. ,%, A. 10, P. 9, V. 3. The height of the body is somewhat less than the lencth of

16 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

the head, which is one-third of the total (without caudal). A great part of the surface of
the head is bony. Spines are developed, (1) above the nostril, (2) above the hinder half
of the eye, (3) above the preoperculum, (4) on the suprascapula, (5) below the hinder
half of the orbit, (6) on the humerus, above the base of the pectoral. Of these
spines the second, fourth, and fifth are the strongest. Hye large, two-sevenths of the
head, and rather shorter than the snout.

The dorsal fin commences on the neck with a short spine. All its spines are strong,
the third being the longest, as high as the body. The soft dorsal is well separated from,
and lower than, the spinous. Caudal subtruncated. Pectoral with narrow base, some-
what shorter than the head. Ventral inserted midway between the vent and root of the
pectoral, extending beyond the vent, and with the spine two-thirds as long as the longest
vay. All the soft rays of the fins are simple. Body and vertical fins yellowish, broadly
marbled with black. Length of specimen, 34 inches. Kerguelen Island (in trawl).

Chenichthys rhinoceratus, Rich., Kerguelen.

Notothenia cyaneobrancha, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus” and “Terror,” Fish., p. 7, pl.
iv.; Gthr., Fish., vol. ii. p. 261), Obtained by dredge.

Notothenia mizops, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. D).

D. 4-5/35, A. 34, L. lat. 60. The length of the head is one-fourth of the total (without
caudal) ; the height of the body two-ninths. ‘The crown of the head is covered with
minute scales to between the eyes, the snout and preeorbital being scaleless. Eye large,
one-third of the length of the head in young specimens, and two-sevenths in adults.
Interorbital space extremely narrow; operculum with a short spine behind. Ventral
long, extending sometimes as far back as the fourth anal ray. Body with two series of
large irregular partly confluent blackish spots; cheek with two oblique streaks. First
dorsal with a black spot. Vertical fins with bands of blackish dots, oblique on the dorsal
and anal, and transverse on the caudal.

This species is distinguished from all its congeners from Kerguelen Island by having
an eye of the same large size as Notothenia squanifrons. Length of specimens, 13 to
6 inches. Off Christmas Harbour, and Howes Foreland; 120 fathoms.

Notothenia squamifrons, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. C).

D. 5/35, A. 32, L. lat. 70. The length of the head is two-sevenths of the total
(without caudal) ; the height of the body two-ninths. The upper surface of the head to
the foremost part of the snout and the preeorbital are entirely covered with scales, but in
the smaller specimen the scales on the preeorbital are less distinct than in the adult. Hye
large, two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space flat, scaly, rather narrow,

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 17

one-half of the vertical diameter of the eye. Ventral long, extending to the third or fourth
anal ray. Body with irregular broad brown transverse bands; cheek with two oblique
streaks. First dorsal nearly entirely black; caudal immaculate. This species is dis-
tinguished from Notothenia tessellata by the much greater size of its eye. Length of
specimens, 4 to 6 inches. Kerguelen Island. Obtained by the dredge.

Notothenia acuta, n. sp.

D. 6/31, A. 30, L. lat. ca. 75. Head low, elongate, with pointed snout, its length
being two-sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body one-sixth. Head
covered above with small scales nearly to the nostrils, the snout and preeorbital being
scaleless. Hye large, two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space extremely
narrow. Ventral extending to vent. Head and body marbled with blackish; cheek
without streaks. Dorsal rays with blackish dots; caudal with cross-bands of blackish
spots; anal white. Length of specimen, 2} inches. Kerguelen Island. Obtained in
trawl.

Notothenia marionensis, a. sp.

D. 7/29, A. 25, L. lat. 50. Head rather low, with pointed snout, its length being
two-sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body is two-elevenths of
the same. Scales strongly ctenoid. Head covered above with small scales nearly to the
nostrils; the snout, the preorbital, and the lower half of the cheek and operculum being
naked. Eye of moderate size, equal to the length of the snout, and a little more than
one-fourth of the length of the head ; interorbital space narrow. Ventral not extending
to the vent; pectoral reaching the third or fourth anal ray. Upper parts greenish,
with subtessellated blackish spots along the side of the body; fins indistinetly dotted
with greyish, a blackish spot at the base of the upper pectoral rays. Length of speci-
men, 34 inches. Marion Island; 50 to 75 fathoms.

Harpagifer bispinis, Forst. Off Marion Island ; 50 to 75 fathoms.
This species occurs also at Kerguelen Island, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands.

Murenolepis, n. gen. (Gadidee).

Body compressed, elongate, covered with epidermoid productions which are lanceolate,
intersecting each other at right angles, like those of a fresh-water eel. Vertical fins
confluent, no caudal fin being discernible ; an anterior dorsal fin is represented by a single
filamentous ray ; ventral fins narrow, composed of several rays. A barbel. Jaws with
a band of villiform teeth; palate toothless. Gill-openings rather narrow, extending

from the lower part of the root of the pectoral round the isthmus, the gill-membranes
(ZOOL, CHALL. EXP.—PART vI,—1880.) F 3

18 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

being confluent and not attached to the isthmus. Gills four. Air-bladder in the
posterior half of the abdominal cavity, with a pneumatic duct, with rather stiff walls,
and glandular internal surface. Peritoneum deep black. Kerguelen Island.

Murenolepis marmoratus, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. B).

Body compressed, its height equals the length of the head, and is contained five and
a half to five and three-quarter times in the total length. Head compressed like the
body, higher than broad, its greatest width being three-fifths of its length. Interorbital
space slightly convex, equal in width to the diameter of the eye, which is rather less than
one-fourth of the length of the head. Snout obtuse, rounded, as long as the eye, the
upper jaw overlapping the lower. Cleft of the mouth rather oblique, the maxillary
extending to the vertical from the centre of the eye. Barbel shorter than the eye.
No teeth on the vomer. Nostrils immediately before the eye. Opereculum rounded,
without point. Branchiostegals five, the second with a process anteriorly at its root,
directed downwards. Dorsal filament as long as the eye. Vertical fins continuous, of
uniform height, and enveloped in a membrane on to which the epidermoid productions
extend ; the dorsal filament is just above the root of the pectoral, immediately before the
commencement of the fin. Pectoral rounded, longer than the postorbital portion of the
head. Ventral fins narrow, composed of five rays, the two outer ones much the thickest,
and produced into filaments, the second ray being the longest, and about two-thirds the
length of the head. The distance of the vent from the head exceeds the leneth of the
latter. Reddish, finely marbled with brown; fins of a lighter colour and with a trans-
parent margin. Length of specimen, 34 and 6 inches.

Lepidopsetta, n. gen. (Pleuronectide).

Mouth rather narrow; jaws and dentition very feeble, but nearly equally developed
on both sides. Eyes well developed, on the left side, the lower somewhat in advance of
the upper. The dorsal fin commences in front of the eye. Pectorals none, or quite rudi-
mentary. Lateral line single, straight. Scales very small. The entire head, and evea
the eyelids, are covered with minute scales.

Lepidopsetta maculata, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. C).

D. 118, A. 98. The height of the body is contained twice and one-sixth in the total
length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and two-thirds. The eyes are
large, one-third of the length of the head. The feeble maxillary extends to below
the front margin of the eye. Teeth minute, apparently in a single series. Scales
strongly ctenoid on both sides of the body. All the fin-rays are scaly. Dorsal and anal
fins low. Pectoral entirely absent on the blind side, and represented by a small rudi-

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 19

ment only on the coloured; ventrals separate from each other and from the anal fin.
Brown, body and fins covered with rounded irregular darker spots. Length of specimen,
54 inches. Off Prince Edward’s Island. Station 145; 310 fathoms.

B. MAGELLAN STRAITS AND FALKLAND ISLANDS.

The Fish-Fauna of Magellan Straits, to which must be joined that of the Falkland
Islands and of the littoral archipelago on the western side of the extremity of the South
American continent, bears a thoroughly antarctic character, closely resembling that of
Kerguelen Island. Although it has been well worked as lately as the year 1867 by
Dr R. O. Cunningham in his “Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of
Magellan,” it is still very far from being completely known, as may be seen from the
large proportion of novel forms discovered by the Naturalists of the Challenger Expedi-
tion, who dredged at thirteen stations (Stations 304 to 316), between December 31, 1875,
and February 3, 1876.

Scyllium chilense, Guich.

Having examined some specimens preserved in spirits in the Challenger collection, I
am able to correct two errors in my former description, which was drawn up from dried
specimens. The nasal valve is provided with a cirrus which, however, does not extend
to the lip; and the teeth of the lower jaw have more or less distinct lateral cusps.
Gray’s Harbour, Messier Channel.

Spinax granulosus, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. C).

This species is distinguished especially by the structure of its skin, which is finely
granulated, the granules being serially arranged on the tail, where they appear rather in
the form of minute spinelets than in that of granules. The space between the nostrils
and the median line of the lower side of the snout, the circumference of the mouth, the
base of the fins, and the back of the tail, are naked. The snout is much produced, the
symphysis of the lower jaw being midway between the end of the snout and the root of
the pectoral; snout very obtuse in front, with the front nostril opening forward. The
first dorsal fin shorter than the second, midway between the second and the spiracle.
Second dorsal spine three times the size of the first, not much lower than the fin. The
length of the base of the second dorsal is one-third of the distance between the two fins.
Pectoral truncated behind, extending backwards nearly to the first dorsal. Ventral
extending to below the middle of the second dorsal. Black; hind margins of all the fins
white. South-west coast of South America. Length of specimen (male), 104 inches.
Station 305; 120 fathoms.

20 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Raja brachyura, nu. sp. (Pl. VI.).

A short-snouted species. The angle formed by the margins of the snout is slightly
obtuse, and the extremity does not project. The width of the interorbital space is more
than the length of the orbit together with the spiracle, and but little less than one-half of
the distance between the eye and the end of the snout. Mouth nearly transverse. Teeth
pointed, in about thirty-five series in the upper jaw. Tail remarkably short and stout.
The outer pectoral angle is rounded, and the margins would meet at an obtuse angle.
The two dorsal fins are very close together. The upper part of the head and of the
pectoral, and the back are covered with minute spines. A series of conical spines along
the median line of the back and tail, the spines on the back being smaller and less con-
stant than those on the tail. Brown, marbled with darker and lighter.

Male. Female.
Distance of the vent from the extremity of the snout, . 144 inches. 18 inches.
Distance of the vent from the extremity of the tail, . 123) aie 1455
Width of the disk, . : : : : , ; 1 St gees a2 eae
Total Length, . ; A : : 5 3 : Dike ROeoe ss

Magellan Straits and west of them. Station 313; 55 fathoms. Station 314; 70
fathoms.

Psammobatis rudis, Gthr. (Pl. X.).

(2) Raja scobina, Phil. Wiegm. Arch., 1857, p. 270.

This species, described by me from a very young example, attains a much more con-
siderable size, a male, 114 inches long, being still far from being mature. With age the
disk ceases to be as perfectly circular as is observed in young specimens, its anterior
margins becoming more rectilinear. A very short and thin rostral appendage in front
of the disk is present in all examples. Beside the median series of small thorns on
the tail of very young examples, there are developed two other similar series on each
side of the back of examples more advanced in age, and they are continued along each
side of the tail, which thus is armed with a triple series. The tail of the larger specimens
shows a distinct terminal fin, which, however, is small and confluent with the second
dorsal. Beside the dark spots, white spots are more or less numerous on the disk and
upper parts of the ventrals; they are more numerous in very young than in older
examples.

Figures A and B represent our largest male, and C the typical specimen of the natural
size. Length of specimens 34 to 114 inches. Off Cape Virgins. Station 313; 55
fathoms.

Sebastes oculatus, C. V. Station 306; 345 fathoms. Station 307; 147 fathoms.
Porto Bueno.

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.. 21

Agonus chiloensis, Jen., Port Famine; 10 to 15 fathoms.

Aphritis gobio, Gthr. (Pl. IX.).

Dr Cunningham has already had the opportunity of examining fresh examples (Trans.
Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii. p. 469), and supplemented my original description (Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., 1861, vol. vii. p. 88), which was drawn up from dry skins. In the large, beauti-
fully-preserved specimens collected by him and the naturalists of the Challenger, there is
especially noticeable the great height of the dorsal fins, which exceeds that of the body.
A short stout tentacle, which is often fringed, occupies the supero-posterior angle of the
orbit, and other smaller tentacles are arranged in a series along the lower part of the side
of the trunk and tail. Dr Cunningham states the colours, when fresh, to be—above,
dusky brown; sides paler, blotched with brown and orange-yellow; under surface of
head, breast, and belly orange-yellow. Length of specimens, 6 to 184 inches. Porto
Bueno Station 307; 147 fathoms. Tom Bay, Messier Channel. Port Famine, Station
312; 10 to 15 fathoms.

Eleginus maclovinus, C. V. Gray Harbour, Messier Channel. Port Stanley.

Notothenia longipes, Steindachner (Wien. S. B., 1876, vol. lxxii. p. 70, fig. 7).

The following specimens agree well with the description and figure given by Stein-
dachner, but I count from 67 to 70 scales along the lateral lime :-—Length of specimens 3
to 7 inches. Station 306, Messier Channel; 345 fathoms. Station 312, Port Famine ;
10 to 15 fathoms. Station 313, off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms.

Notothenia elegans, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. C).

D. 6/33, A. 31, L. lat. 53. The length of the head is one-fourth of the total (without
caudal), the height of the body one-seventh. The entire head is scaleless. Snout
shorter than the eye, which is two-sevenths of the length of the head; interorbital space
very narrow. Ventrals rather longer than the pectorals, and as long as the head, without
snout, extending to the second anal ray. There are only two series of scales between the
lateral line and the dorsal fin. Light brownish, with large transverse dark spots; the
second dorsal with four series of small blackish spots; the first dorsal with the top
salmon coloured ; the other fins without distinct ornamentation. Length of specimen,
33 inches. Off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms.

Lycodes macrops, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. B).

The length of the head is a little more than that of the trunk and a little less than
one-fifth of the total. Eyes large, two-sevenths of the length of the head, and longer than
the snout which is broad, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower. Teeth in bands of

22 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

moderate width, subequal in size; a small patch of teeth on the vomer and a few teeth
anteriorly on the palatine bones. More or less shallow grooves along the infraorbital and
the mandible. Gill-opening of moderate width. The dorsal commences above the
posterior portion of the pectoral; length of the pectoral one-half of that of the head ;
each ventral reduced to a short simple filament. Yellowish, with nine broad dark brown
bands across the upper half of the fish, separated from one another by very narrow inter-
spaces of the ground colour. The cross-bars are lighter in the centre, subocellated, and
extend on to the dorsal fin. A brown band runs from the snout through the eye to the
end of the operculum; throat and abdomen blackish. Length of specimen, 5 inches.
Station 309; 40 to 140 fathoms.

Merluccius gayi, Guich.
Merlus gay?, Guichen. in Gay, Chile, vol. ii. p. 328; Ichth., lam. 8, fig. 2.
Merluccius gay?, Gthr., Fish., p. 346.
Merluccius australis, Hutton.

D. 10/43-44, A. 438. New Zealand, Coast of Chile to Straits of Magellan. Gray
Harbour, Messier Channel.

Macruronus nove-zealandia, Hect.
Coryphenoides novee-cealandiev, Hect., Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. m1. p. 136, pl. xviii. fig. 1.
Macruronus nove-zealandie, Gthr., Zool. Record, vol. viii. p. 103; Hutton, Fish. New Zealand,
fig. 79.
This species was hitherto known from New Zealand and Tasmania ; its reappearance at
the southern extremity of the American continent, therefore, is quite what may have been
expected. Tom Bay, Messier Channel,

Thysanopsetta, nu. gen. (Pleuronectidee).

Body oblong; head small; cleft of the mouth of moderate width, the length of the
maxillary being more than one-third of that of the head. Dentition nearly equally
developed on both sides ; teeth villiform, in bands; palatine and vomerine teeth none.
Dorsal fin commencing above the front margin of the eye. Eyes on the left side, the
upper but little in advance of the lower, both separated from each other by a narrow,
flat, scaly interspace. Margin of the gill-opening of the coloured side fringed. Scales
small, adherent, ctenoid, more distinctly so on the coloured side than on the blind.
Lateral line straight. Straits of Magellan.

Thysanopsetta nares, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. A).
D. 87, A. 59. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without
caudal), the length of the head one-fifth ; snout rather shorter than the eye, the diameter

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 23

of which is two-sevenths of the length of the head ; mouth oblique, the maxillary of the
left side not quite extending to below the middle of the eye. The dorsal fin terminates
at a short distance from the caudal, the rays being rather short. Caudal rounded. The
left pectoral is scarcely longer than the right, and as long as the postorbital portion of
the head; the left ventral is opposite to the right; a conspicuous fleshy lobe behind the
left ventral, opposite to the commencement of the anal. Brown, indistinctly mottled
with darker, all the rays of the vertical fins finely dotted with brown. Length of speci-
mens, 6 and 7 inches. Off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms.

Haplochiton zebra, Jen., Stream at Gray Harbour, Messier Channel. Lake at Porto
Bueno. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.

Myzxine australis, Jen., Grapler Harbour, Messier Channel. Port Chirrucha, Straits
of Magellan.

Ill. THE FISH FAUNA OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC.
A, VALPARAISO AND JUAN FERNANDEZ.

During the month (November to December, 1875) the Challenger stayed at these
localities, several undescribed shore fishes were obtained. The fishes of Juan Fernandez
have scarcely been touched, and those known are chiefly such as are caught for food. Dr
Steindachner has recently described several in a paper which will be quoted hereafter.
The fauna of Chile and Juan Fernandez might be described, without much exaggeration,
as a mixture of European and New Zealand forms; of the fishes mentioned here two
being identical with, and four representative of, European species.

Acanthias blainvilli, Risso.

This common species of the Mediterranean seems to be widely spread in the temperate
seas of the Southern Hemisphere. The British Museum possesses specimens from the
Cape of Good Hope, Tasmania, and New Holland.

Specimens from Juan Fernandez have been noticed as Squalus fernandinus in Molina
(Hist. Chile, p. 194), and as Spina fernandexianus in Gay’s Chile (Zool., vol. i. p. 365) ;
Dr Steindachner has described it as Acanthias fernandinus in Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol.
Ixxi. p. 466. The distinctive characters given by the latter author are, in my opinion,
quite insufficient for the specific discrimination of the Juan Fernandez specimens.

Female with foetus, preserved in salt. Juan Fernandez.

24 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Polyprion kneri, Steindachner (Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol. Ixxi. p. 443).

D. 10 5, A. The height of the body is contained four and a half, the length of
the head nearly three times in the total length. Snout pointed, the lower jaw projecting
beyond the upper; head entirely covered with scales, with the exception of the lips
which are naked. Intermaxillary band of teeth broader than that of the lower jaw, and
interrupted in the middle. An oval patch of villiform teeth on the tongue. Operculum
with two points, the lower of which is the termination of the straight, moderately raised,
and smooth opercular ridge. A median rough bony ridge on the hinder part of the
head superiorly. Dorsal spines moderately strong, shorter than the rays, the eighth
the longest. Caudal emarginate. Scales small. Juan Fernandez. Length of speci-
men, 24 inches.

Scorpena thomsoni, n. sp. (Pl. XIL).

D. 113, A. #, P. 16, L. lat. 42. The height of the body is contained twice and
two-thirds in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head, twice and a half.
Head nearly entirely naked ; interorbital space very concave and narrow, the two ridges
at its bottom being slightly prominent, divergent behind, and passing into the anterior
nuchal spines; nuchal fossa shallow, square; supraorbital tentacles moderately developed ;
spines of the head strong and compressed. The third and fourth dorsal spines are the
longest, and nearly as long as the second of the anal, about two-fifths of the length of
the head. A band of palatine teeth. Reddish, marbled with darker ; all the fins light
coloured, scantily spotted. Length of specimen, 104 inches. Juan Fernandez.

Haplodactylus punctatus, C. V., Valparaiso.
Chilodactylus monodactylus, Carmich., Juan Fernandez.
Thyrsites atun, Euphrasen., Valparaiso.

Trachurus trachurus, L., Valparaiso.

Caranx georgianus, C. V., Juan Fernandez.
b] ’

Caranex chilensis, Gay ; Stemdachner, Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol. Ixxi. p. 459.

Latilus jugularis, C. V., Valparaiso.

Trigla picta, n. sp. (Pl. XIII. fig. A).

D. 7/11, A. 12. Scales exceedingly small. Praeorbital spines short, only half as long
as the eye; humeral spines extremely long and strong, as long as the eye ; preeopercular
spines rudimentary, the others of medium size. Interorbital space concave, equal in
width to the diameter of the eye. Dorsal spines strong, of moderate length ; the pectoral
reaches to the seventh anal ray. Lateral line not spiny. The whole body (with the

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 25

exception of the abdomen) and all the fins with deep black round drops. Length of
specimen, 104 inches. Juan Fernandez.

Umbrina reedi, n. sp. (Pl. XIII. fig. B).

D. 9/s':, A. %, L. lat., 60 ca. The height of the body is one-third of the total length
(without caudal), and somewhat more than the length of the head; the diameter of the
eye is two-thirds of the length of the snout, which equals the width of the interorbital
space which is very convex; the intermaxillary extends beyond the middle of the orbit ;
barbel very short. Dorsal spines rather strong; anal spine very strong, one-third of the
length of the head. The pectoral fin does not extend to the vent, and is two-thirds the
length of the head. Scales very thin, covered with minute scales on the base. Undu-
lated black lines follow the series of the scales; pectoral, ventral, and anal blackish, with
broad whitish margin.

The skin of a specimen, 23 inches long, from Juan Fernandez, was presented to
the British Museum some years ago by Edwin C. Reed, Esq. It agrees in every respect
with the following specimen from the same locality. Length of specimen, 204 inches.
Juan Fernandez.

Porichthys porosus, C. V., Valparaiso.
Clinus microcirrhis, C. V., Valparaiso.

Atherinichthys brevianalis, n. sp.

D; 6/11, A. 15,.L. lat. 67, L. transy. 16. . The origin of the anterior dorsal fin is
opposite to the middle or posterior third of the ventral fins, and nearer to the base of the
caudal than to the end of the snout. The distance between the origins of the two dorsal
fins is less than one-half of that between the origin of the posterior and the caudal. The
height of the body is somewhat less than one-fifth of the total length (without caudal),
the length of the head one-fourth. Scales with two or three incisions. Pectoral shorter
than the head. The silvery streak occupies the eighth series of scales and a part of the
adjoining cne. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Valparaiso.

Genypterus chilensis, Guich., Valparaiso.
Merluccius gayi, Guich., Valparaiso.
Clupea sagax, Jen., Valparaiso.
Ophichthys dicellurus, Rich., Valparaiso.

Murena porphyrea, Guich., Juan Fernandez.
Murenophis porphyreus, Guichen. in Gay, Chile, Zool., p. 342, lam. xi. fig, 2.

Murena porphyrea, Steindachner, Wien. S. B., 1875, vol. lxxi. p. 464.

Bdellostoma polytrema, Girard, Valparaiso. Fourteen eill-openings on each side.
(Z00L, CHALL. EXP.—PARv v1.—1880.) F 4

26 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

B. NEW ZEALAND.

During the short stay of the Challenger in New Zealand (June 28 to July 7), only a
few shore fishes were collected, and these do not add to our knowledge of its fauna,
which has been so well worked out by the indefatigable resident naturalists of that
colony. Some of the species, like Halargyreus johnsoni, Coryphenoides denticulatus,
and Photichthys argenteus, might be assigned to the deep-sea series; but they seem to
frequently approach the surface, as we may judge from their being so often included in
collections of shore fishes.

Sebastes percoides, Rich., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island.

Scorpana cruenta, Sol. (dry), New Zealand.

Trachichthys intermedius, Hector (Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. vii. p. 245, pl. xi).
Station 166 ; 275 fathoms.

Chilodactylus macropterus, Forst., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island.

Cyttus abbreviatus, Hect. Station 166 ; 275 fathoms.
Platystethus abbreviatus, Hector, Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. vii. p. 247, pl. xi.

Percis colias, Forst. (= P. nyctomerus, C. V.), Wellington Harbour; Port Hardy
D’Urville Island.

Hemerocetes acanthorhynchus, Forst., Wellington Harbour.

Notacanthus sexspinis, Rich. (dry), Cook’s Straits.

Labrichthys celidota, Forst. (See Gthr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, vol. xvii.
p- 398), Wellington Harbour.

Labrichthys bothryocosmus, Rich., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island.

Halargyreus johnson, Gthr. (dry), New Zealand.

Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island.

Coryphenoides denticulatus, Rich. (dry), Cook’s Straits.

Pseudorhombus boops, Hect. (Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. vii. p. 249, pl. xi.).

D. 117, A. 89, L. lat. 78. The dorsal commences above the nostrils. The height of
the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly
one-fourth. Scales ciliated ; those on the head and on the anterior part of the body
smaller than those on the tail. Interorbital ridge very narrow and naked. No spines
or tubercles along the lateral line or the base of the fins. The curve of the lateral line
is strong, but flat above. Snout rather shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is
two-sevenths of the length of the head. Lower jaw scarcely prominent when the mouth
is shut. The maxillary extends beyond the front margin of the eye and is two-fifths of
the length of the head. Lower eye considerably in advance of the upper. Vertical fins

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 27

of moderate height, extending nearly to the root of the caudal. Left pectoral more
developed than the right and rather more than one-half of the length of the head.
Brownish ; fin-rays indistinctly punctulated with brown, New Zealand, Length of
specimens, 6 inches. Station 167 ; 150 fathoms,

Photichthys argenteus, Hutt. (dry), Cook’s Straits.
Monacanthus convexirostris, Gthr., Queen Charlotte Sound.
Bedellostoma cirrhatum, Forst., Queen Charlotte Sound.

C. COASTS OF SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA.

The fishes were collected principally at two places: close to Twofold Bay and at
Sydney, at which place the ship remained from April 6 to June 8, 1874.1

Raja nitida, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. A).

The angle formed by the front margins of the snout is obtuse, with a very thin
median papillary projection. The width of the interorbital space is a little less than the
length of the orbit, and the distance between the outer margins of the nostrils is likewise
less than their distance from the extremity of the snout. Teeth with very small points,
almost obtuse. Outer pectoral margin obtusely rounded, the greatest width of the disk
being equal to the distance of the snout from the extremity of the ventral. All the
upper parts covered with minute asperities; one or two curved spines in front and
behind the orbit; one in the middle of the back, and a series along the median line of
the tail. Upper parts hght brownish, marbled with dark brown, the dark brown blotches
being ornamented by small, round yellowish ocelli.

The single young specimen is a male ; it is 8 inches long, the tail being 44 inches ;
greatest width 5 inches. Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (2).

Etelis, sp.

Partly from the want of a larger series of examples, partly from the indifferent state
of preservation of the two very young examples obtained near Twofold Bay, I am unable
to say whether the latter are the young of Etelis carbunculus ox of a distinct species.
These fishes evidently inhabit not inconsiderable depths. Length of specimens, 24 inches.
Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (2).

Enoplosus armatus, White, Botany Bay.
Chetodon nesogallicus, C. V., Botany Bay.
} [Off Twofold Bay a sounding was taken in 2200 fathoms. The ship then moved in towards the shore ; the dredge

was put over and we sounded again in 120 fathoms. As, in this instance, the dredge was dragged for a considerable
distance up an irregular slope, it is impossible to say at what depth each particular species was taken,—C. Wy. T.]

28 : THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Sebastes percoides, Rich., Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Port Jackson; 30 fathoms.

Scorpena cruenta, Sol., Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?).

Centropogon australis, White, Port Jackson.

Lepidotrigla phalena, C. V., Victoria; 38 fathoms. Bass Straits; 38 fathoms. .

Percis allporti, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, vol. xvii. p. 394), Bass Straits ;
38 fathoms. Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?).

Gobius brevifilis, Day, Port Jackson.

Gobius albopunctatus, C. V., Port Jackson.

Callionymus calauropomus, Rich., Bass Straits ; 38 fathoms.

Callionymus phasis, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. C).
D. 4/9, A. 7,C.10. Preeopercular spine considerably shorter than the eye, terminating
in three curved spines, of which the two anterior are the larger, and directed upwards.
~ Dorsal spines prolonged ; second dorsal high; caudal long; the ventral fin extends
somewhat beyond the origin of the anal. Gill-opening reduced to a small foramen on
the upper side of the neck; lateral line single. The length of the head is one-third of
the total length without caudal, or one-fourth with that fin. Hye very large, a little
longer than the snout, one-third of the length of the head. Reddish-white with irregular
broad blackish cross-bands on the back ; first dorsal blackish, with some whitish zig-zag
lines; second variegated with greyish; the other fins white. Length of specimen, 4
inches. Twofold Bay; 120 fathoms (7).

Callionymus lunatus, Schleg., Port Jackson ; 6 to 8 fathoms.
Blennius tasmanianus, Rich., Port Jackson.

Brachionichth ys hirsutus, Lae.
D 1/2/16, A. 9. Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?).

Tripterygium, sp., Port Jackson.

Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., Twofold Bay.

Gadus baucehus, Forst., Deser. Anim., p. 120.
Lota breviuscula, Rich., Voy. “‘ Erebus” and “ Terror,” Fish., p. 61, pl. xxxviii. fig. 1.
Pseudophycis breviusculus, Gthy., Fish., vol. iv. p. 350.

Lophonectes, n. gen.

Body oblong, head small, cleft of the mouth very narrow, with the jaws and dentition
nearly equally developed on both sides; teeth small, in single series; palatine and
vomerine teeth none. Dorsal fin commencing above the nostrils, with the anterior rays
produced. Scales of moderate size, thin, and deciduous. Lateral line with a strong
curve anteriorly. Eyes on the left side. Bass Straits. Off Port Jackson.

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 29

Lophonectes gallus, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. B).

D. 87, A. 71, L. lat. 68. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length
(without caudal), the leneth of the head two-ninths; the snout is short, shorter than the
eye, the diameter of which is a little less than one-fourth of the length of the head. Eyes
separated by a very narrow ridge, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper, the
upper not encroaching upon the upper profile. The mouth is obliquely directed upwards ;
the maxillary extending to the front margin of the eye and equalling it in length.
Adult males with pointed tubercles on the snout; two on the sides, and one at the
mandibular symphysis. The dorsal fin commences opposite the anterior nostril, and is
continued to nearly the root of the caudal. In the adult the five anterior rays are pro-
longed into more or less long filaments. Left pectoral longer than the right, or as long
as the head without snout. Ventrals separate: the rays of the left are arranged in the
same line as the anal, the right ventral being shorter. The curve of the lateral line is
sub-semicircular and short. Brownish, marbled with darker. Vertical fins irregularly
and fmely dotted with black. Ventrals with a black spot. Length of specimens, 24 to 53
inches. Station 162; 38 fathoms. Off Port Jackson ; 30 fathoms.

Leops, n. gen.

Body oblong ; head small; cleft of the mouth very narrow, with the dentition much
more developed on the blind side than on the coloured. Teeth villiform, in narrow bands ;
palatine and vomerine teeth none. Dorsal fin commencing above the front margin of the
eye. Scales small, thin, deciduous. Eyes on the left side. This genus appears to repre-
sent Plewronectes in the Southern Hemisphere. Arafura Sea. South-Eastern Australia.

Leops parviceps, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. A).

D. 104, A. 86. The height of the body is contained twice and two-thirds in the total
* length (without caudal), the length of the head five times and one-third. ‘The snout is
very short. The eye rather large; its diameter being contained thrice and one-third in
the length of the head. A very narrow ridge, longitudinally grooved, separates the two
eyes, the lower being conspicuously in advance of the upper. The mouth is directed
upwards, and the maxillary of the left side extends scarcely to below the anterior margin
of the eye. The dorsal fin commences opposite to the front margin of the upper eye and
is continued to the root of the caudal, the rays being of moderate length. Caudal
rounded. The left pectoral rather longer than the right and as long as the postorbital
portion of the head. The rays-of the left ventral are arranged in the same line as the
anal, the right ventral being entirely on the right side. The lateral lme makes a very
short semicircular curve anteriorly, and is straight for the remainder of its course. The
colour appears to have been uniform brown. Arafura Sea. South-Eastern Australia.

30) THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER,

Length of specimens, 23 to 55 inches. Station 190; 35 to 49 fathoms Station 163,

off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?).

Cridoglanis megastoma, Rich., Port Jackson.
(?) Murenichthys gymnotus, Blkr., Port Jackson.

Syngnathus superciliaris, n. sp.

D. 23. Osseous rings 20+38. Snout as long as the postorbital part of the head,
with a median ridge above, terminating on the interorbital space ; neck compressed into a
trenchant ridge ; operculum without a keel, and with fine radiating striz. Shields with-
out spines; lateral line passing into the lower caudal edge; base of the dorsal fin not
elevated, standing on three body and three caudal rings. Tail twice as long as the
trunk. A very conspicuous filament above each eye. Pectoral and caudal fins well
developed. Brownish-grey, with indistinct darker cross-bands, and finely marbled with
darker and lighter spots ; snout and lower half of the head with oblique vermiculated
brown lines. Length of specimens, 3 to 62 inches. Port Jackson; 4 to 6 fathoms.

Urocampus celorhynchus, Gthr., Port Jackson.

Solenognathus fasciatus, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. B).

D, 41. Osseous rings 27 +55. This species is most closely allied to Solenognathus
spinosissimus, having the same rough and spiny scutes, but the forehead is somewhat
broader, the dorsal longer and composed of more numerous rays, and the back of the
trunk ornamented with seven narrow blackish cross-bars. Also the preeanal region is
blackish. Length of specimen, 12 inches. Off Twofold Bay; 120 fathoms. (Tail, 53
inches long.)

Ostracion cornutus, L., Botany Bay.

IV, THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE TROPICAL ZONE OF THE INDO-PACIFIC.

A. FISHES FROM THE RIVER MARY, QUEENSLAND.

Geographically only a portion of Queensland belongs to the Tropics; but among its
fishes so thoroughly a tropical character predominates, that no one will associate them
with the fauna of the more southern temperate parts. This refers to the fresh-water
fishes as well as to those inhabiting its coasts. The Challenger did not touch in

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 31

Southern and Middle Queensland, and the fishes enumerated here were obtained chiefly
during an excursion made by Sir W. Thomson,’ All the species obtained are known to
enter freely brackish and fresh water.

1/There seemed to us, from what we heard at Sydney, to be a chance of making valuable additions to the know-
ledge of the natural history of South-East Australia, by examining carefully the fauna of some of the rivers. Those in
which Ceratodus had lately been discovered had the greatest interest for us, for we hoped that, besides getting a good
supply of Ceratodus in all stages, we might by effective netting and other means find some additional forms of the
Dipnoi.

Accordingly a little party, consisting of Lieutenant (now Commander) Aldrich, who afterwards commanded the
sledge which ran westwards from the “Alert’s” winter quarters along the coast of Grinnel’s Land, Mr Murray, and myself,
with Pearcey and a couple of blue-jackets in attendance, was organised to go to Brisbane during the stay of the ship at
Sydney, with the view of pushing on, if time permitted, to the upper reaches of the Mary or the Burnet. :

We got information and introductions from Dr Bennett, Mr Hill, and others. We prepared a stock of trammel nets,
lines, and other fishing appliances, a bex of dynamite cartridges, fowling pieces, and collecting gear of all kinds, and we
arranged to leave Sydney by the “ City of Brisbane” on Tuesday the 29th of April 1874; the vessel was, however, detained
by bad weather till the 4th of May. We arrived at Brisbane on the morning of the 7th. An intimation of our intended
trip had preceded us, and we found a kind invitation from the Marquis of Normanby to Government House awaiting
us at the club, of which we had already been made honorary members.

We stayed a few days at Brisbane seeing all that was to be seen. The governor's A.D.C. tried to make
arrangements to send us on to Gympie in carriages, but we found it more convenient to go by a coasting steamer to
Maryburgh. The departure of the “Lady Bowen,” the regular trading packet, was hurried to give us more time, and
on Sunday the 10th we were steaming past a monotonous undulating coast-line, the low hills crowned with dusky woods
of sombre gum-trees, past Fraser Island, one of the districts given up entirely to the natives, many of whom we saw in
the distance, with a fine walk and gait, but-absolutely unclothed. We were disappointed that none of them swam off
to the steamer as they often do.

We reached Maryburgh on the morning of the 11th, and introduced ourselves to Mr Sheridan, the Collector of
Customs, to whom we had been referred by Lord Normanby. We found Mr Sheridan a most pleasant companion, and
a man of great intelligence and considerable special knowledge of natural science. He most kindly placed himself at
our disposal during our stay, and he afterwards took the trouble to collect and send home to us a valuable collection of
such species as we had not an opportunity of procuring in sufficient quantity during our short visit.

We went on in the evening in a couple of buggies through the bush of scattered gum-trees, to a little group of
wooden shanties called Tiaro, about twenty miles above Maryburgh, on a pretty bend of the river Mary, with a good
long stretch of open river, succeeded by some irregular rapids and deep pools, and overhanging woods farther up. The
influence of the tide was slightly felt for a considerable distance beyond Tiaro, and some of the fishes had consequently
an estuarine character.

We got the loan of a boat from a contractor who was deepening the river a little below Tiaro for the Queensland
Government, and on the following day we were joined by Mr Sheridan with his boat and servant. We heard on all
hands that the Barramunda (the native name for Ceratodus) was to be found occasionally in the neighbourhood, and we
determined to spend the short time at our disposal in exploring the fauna of the river for a few miles up stream.

Lieutenant Aldrich and Mr Murray, with our escort and one or two natives whom we had secured, camped a little
way up the river, and Mr Sheridan and J, as the seniors of the party, slept at Tiaro, rowing up the river in the morning,
and usually reaching the camping-ground in time to supply the materials of stew for luncheon, of cockatoos, wallaby,
ducks, &e., which we had shot by the way. For about ten days the river was fished day and night with net and rod,

-and fishes of several species were taken in large numbers, but we found no trace of Ceratodus or of any allied form.
We had taken with us a number of powerful dynamite cartridges, and these were thrown, with a few feet of Bickford’s
fuse attatched, into the deeper pools, and in a minute or so a shock like a blow from a heavy wooden mallet was felt on
the bottom of the boat, one could see a slight rise on the surface of the water, and perhaps a hundred fishes of different
sorts and sizes rose to the surface and floated on their backs or sides. Those we required were taken into the boat with
a landing-net, and the rest recovered from their shock in a few minutes and swam away. The number of individual
fishes taken in this way was very large, but it is somewhat singular that Ceratodus never occurred among them. At the
end of about ten days three specimens of Ceratodus were taken, one by Lieutenant Aldrich with hook and bait, and two
others afterwards, one by a native.

As our leave of absence was nearly exhausted, we now returned to Maryburgh, and after waiting for a few days to
catch a return steamer, we rejoined the Challenger at Sydney.

32 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Ceratodus miolepis, Gthy.

Irregularities in the arrangement of scales do not appear to be scarce in both species
of this genus, and occur chiefly in the median line of the back or abdomen, some of the
scales of the median series being either subdivided or confluent with those of the
adjoining series. The specimens collected by the naturalists of the Challenger Expedition
belong to the smaller-scaled species, which, as far as is known at present, is confined to
the Mary River. In some twenty specimens from that river, which passed through my
hands, the normal number of longitudinal series was found to be twenty-one, although
in a few of them, as also in one of the specimens of the Challenger collection, one more or
less may be counted on account of the irregularity mentioned. The Burnett Ceratodus
(Ceratodus forsteri) is more rarely brought to Europe. I have seen three specimens
only, which had eighteen rows of scales; but Dr A. B, Meyer mentions a specimen in
which he counted twelve scales below the lateral line, or nineteen altogether (Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., 1875, vol. xv. p. 368).

Oligorus macquariensis, C. V., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

Cienolates ambiguus, Rich., Queensland, lat. 27° 9° long. 144° 0’.

Datnia ambigua, Richards, Voy. ‘‘ Erebus” and “ Terror,” Fish., p. 25, pl. xix.
g ’ p] Vi ? ? ?
Ctenolates macquariensis, Gthr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 320, pl. xxii.

Therapon unicolor, Gthr:, Queensland, lat. 27° 0’ 8., long. 144° 0’; River Mary, near
the village of Tiaro.

Ambassis marianus, 1. sp.

D. 7/yon> A. 3, L. lat. 28. The height of the body is two-fifths, or in young
specimens less than two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the
head one-third. The diameter of the eye is two-sevenths of the length of the head and
two-thirds of that of the postorbital portion. Preeorbital strongly serrated. Scales on
the middle of the trunk much larger, and those on the nape much smaller than the
remainder. Lateral line interrupted below the end of the spmous dorsal, the pores of the
posterior portion being rather indistinct. The second dorsal spine is as long as, or some-
times a little longer than, the third, and one-fourth of the total length (without caudal).
The third anal spine is longer than the second, but considerably shorter than the second
of the dorsal. A narrow, silvery, longitudinal streak along the middle of the tail; the
membrane between the second and third dorsal spines blackish. Caudal fin not coloured.

We had altogether some fair sport, and a good opportunity of seeing the natives and making ourselves familiar
with the character of Australian scenery and the Australian fauna. I am sure all our party will long remember our
months’ excursion with pleasure. : ;

Most of the fishes in the Queensland list were procured during this trip. Those marked lat. 27° 9’ long., 144° 0’ E.,
were collected hy Mr Lyon at his station about 400 miles inland of Brishane, and was sent by him to Mr Murray.

—C. Wy. T.]

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES, 33

Queensland. Length of specimens, 14 to 34 inches. River Mary, near the village of
Th: .
iaro,

Chrysophrys australis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.
Centropogon robustus, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.
Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., River Mary.

Corvina australis, n. sp.

D. 10/s5-59, A. 2/7, L. lat. 49, L. trans. 38. The height of the body is-a little more
than the length of the head, which is nearly one-fourth of the total (without caudal).
Snout convex, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower, longer. than the eye, the
diameter of which is two-ninths of the length of the head. Dorsal spines very slender ;
anal spine rather strong, about one-half of the first ray and one-third of the length of
the head. Margin of the preeoperculum very finely crenulated. Coloration uniform
silvery ; upper half of the first dorsal blackish. Queensland. Length of specimens,
10 and 11 inches. River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

Periophthalius schlosseri, Pall., Cardwell, Queensland.

Eleotris compressa, Krefft, River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. °

Eleotris macrolepidota, Bl., River Mary.

Mugil cephalotus, C. V., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

Myxus elongatus, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

Atherinichthys nigrans, Rich., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ 8., long. 144° 0’; River Mary,
near the village of Tiaro.

Copidoglanis tandanus, Mitch., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

Copidoglanis hyrtl, Steind., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ 8., long. 144° 0’.
Mosilurus hyrtli, Steindachner, Wien, S, B., 1867, vol. lv. p. 14.

Arius australis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.
Arrhamphus sclerolepis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.
Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro.

(?) Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ 8., long. 144°.
Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss., River Mary.
Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., River Mary.

B&B THE FIJI ISLANDS.

The Challenger stayed at this group from July 25 to August 10, 1874, and a
considerable number of species were collected ; but, with one exception, they belong to

the common Polynesian forms of this well-known fauna.
(Z00L, CHALL, EXP.—PART vi.—1880.) F5

4 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Serranus hexagonatus, Forst., Levuka.

Plectropoma maculatum, Bl. (Probably = Plectropoma leopardinum, Lac.), Levuka,
Fiji.

Mesoprion bengalensis, Bl., Kandavu.

Mesoprion fulviflamma, Forsk., Kandavu, Levuka.

Mesoprion marginatus, C. V., Levuka.

Mesoprion semicinctus, Q. and G., Levuka.

Lutjanus semicinctus, Quoy and Gaim.

Mesoprion semicinctus, Cuv., vol. ii. p. 485; Gthr., Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 15, pl. xvii.
Apogon savayensis (Gthr. Fisch. Siidsee, p. 22, taf. xix. fig. B), Levuka.
Therapon servus, L., Levuka, Kandavu.

Therapon oxyrhynchus, Schleg., Ovalau."

Dules rupestris, Lac., Ovalau.

Dules marginatus, C. V., Ovalau.

Diagramma pardale, C. V., Ovalau.

Diagramma pictum, Thunb., Ovalau.

Scolopsis bilineatus, Bl., Levuka, Ovalau.

Scolopsis temporalis, C. V., Kandavu.

Gerres oyena, Forsk., Kandavu.

Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., Levuka.

Lethrinus ramak, Forsk., Levuka.

Lethrinus moensi, Blkr. (Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1855, vol. ix. p. 435; Gthr.,
Fisch. Siidsee, p. 64, pl. xlvi. fig. A), Kandavu.

Lethrinus hematopterus, Schleg., Kandavu.

Spherodon grandoculis, Forsk., Kandavu.

Scorpena zanzbarensis, Playfair, in Fish. Zanz., p. 47, pl. vii. fig. 2.
This species has hitherto been known from Zanzibar only. Levuka.

Pterois zebra, C. V., Levuka.

Synanceia verrucosa, Bl., Ovalau.

Chetodon rafflesi, Benn., Ovalau.

Chetodon vagabundus, L., Ovalau.

Holacanthus cyanotis, (Gthr. Fish., vol. ii, p. 517; and Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 52, taf. xl,
fig. B), Kandavu.

Heniochus macrolepidotus, L., Ovalau.

Myripristis murdjan, Forsk., Ovalau.

‘ [The fishes in this list from Ovalau, were collected and presented to the Expedition by Mr Boyd, Fiji—C. Wy. T.]

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. Br)

Upeneus indicus, Shaw, Kandavu.
Upeneoides vittatus, Forsk., Ovalau.
Percis hexophthalma, C. V., Levuka.

Plesiops corallicola, Blkr. (Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1853, p. 280; Gthr. Fisch.
d. Siidsee, p. 87, taf. lviii. fig. B.).

A specimen obtained at Levuka is remarkable for having ten dorsal spines only. As
I cannot detect any other marked difference from a specimen with eleven or twelve
dorsal spines, I consider this specimen for the present as an individual variety. Length

of specimen, 24 inches, Levuka.

Caranx speciosus, Forsk., Levuka.
Platax orbicularis, Forsk., Kandavu.
Psettus argenteus, L., Levuka.
Equula fasciata, Lac., Ovalau.
Acanthurus triostegus, L., Ovalau.
Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Ovalau.
Acanthurus gahm, Forsk., Kandavu.
Acanthurus rhombeus, Kittl., Levuka.
Naseus marginatus, C. V., Ovalau.
Teuthis marmorata, Q. and G., Kandavu.
Teuthis hecagonata, Blkr., Kandavu.
Gobius phalena, C. V., Ovalau.

Euctenogobius ophthalmonema, Blkr., Kandavu.
Gobius ophthalmonema, Bleek, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1856, vol. xii. p. 208.
Euctenogobius ophthalmonema, Gthr., Fisch. Siidsee, p. 180, taf. exi., fig. B.
Eleotris macrolepidota, Bl., Ovalau.
Eleotris fusca, Bl. Schn., Levuka.
Eleotris longipinnis, Benn., Ovalau.
Periophthalmus kélreuteri, Pall., Kandavu.

Petroscirtes oualanensis, n. sp.

. 42, A. 20. The length of the head is a little more than the depth of the body
and one-fifth of the total. Snout with the upper profile obliquely descending forwards.
The canine teeth of the lower jaw are very large, those of the upper small. Orbital
tentacle none. Diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space. The
dorsal fin is not elevated, commences on a line with the posterior margin of the pre-
operculum, and terminates at a short distance from the root of the caudal. The upper
and lower caudal rays prolonged into filaments. Uniform light olive coloured in spirits.

Ovalau. Length of specimens, 24 and 3 inches.

36 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Petroscirtes, sp. (not in g. st.), Ovalau.

Atherina lacunosa, Forst. (Forst. Deser. An., p. 298; Gthr., Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 218,
taf. exviii., fig. E), Levuka.

Pomacentrus scolopsis, Q. and G., Levuka.

Glyphidodon xanthozona, Blkr., Levuka.

Glyphidodon assimilis, Gthr., Ovalau.

Platyglossus trimaculatus, Q. and G., Levuka.

Julis dorsalis, Q. and G., Ovalau.

Chilinus trilobatus, Lac., Levuka.

Chilinus chlorurus, Bl., Levuka.

Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V., Kandavu.

* Pseudoscarus microrhinus, Blkr., Kandavu.

Rhomboidichthys, sp. (?) Levuka.

Solea heterorhina, Blkr., Ovalau.

Saurus varius, Laec., Ovalau.

Belone annulata, C. V., Levuka; Ovalau; Kandavu.

Hemirhamphus commersoni, Kandavu.

Clupea tembang, Blkr., Levuka ; Kandavu.

Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss., Ovalau.

Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., fresh-water of Levuka; Ovalau.

Murena polyuranodon, Blkr., Ovalau.

Doryichthys brachyurus, Blkr., Ovalau.

Balistes stellatus, Lac., Kandavu.

Balistes fuscus, Bl. Schn., Kandavu.

Balistes aculeatus, L., Kandavu.

Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl., Ovalau.

Ostracion cornutus, L., Ovalau.

Ostracion cubicus, L., Ovalau.

C. THE SEA BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND NEW GUINEA.

The Challenger proceeded from the Fiji Islands to Api, one of the New Hebrides
(August 18, 1874), to Raine Island (August 31), and to Cape York, where the Expedi-
tion stayed from September 2 to September 8. Much attention to collecting specimens
was paid on the passage to the Arafura Sea, the trawl being used every day in this com-
paratively shallow basin ; finally the Aru and Ki Islands were visited (September 9 to
September 27).

The fishes collected in this part of the Voyage may be conveniently enumerated separ-
ately, as comparatively little had been done previously in the exploration of this fauna ;

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 37

at least much less than in the Fiji group towards the east, and the East Indian Archi-
pelago towards the west. It bears thoroughly the character of the Indo-Pacific Ocean,
and probably none of the characteristic forms will be found to be absent. There is but a
slight admixture of specifically Australian forms, like Cridoglanis. The great proportion
of new forms is due to the circumstance that a very interesting collection was made at
Station 192 in the Ki Islands, at a depth of 129 fathoms : which depth appears to be
sufficient to ensure the discovery of distinct species. Several of the fishes obtained
there are so markedly distinguished as deep-sea forms as to necessitate their removal to
that series.
Trygon pastinaca, L., Arafura Sea.

Urolophus kaianus, n. sp.
No dorsal fin. Disk much broader than long ;
very obtuse angle. Snout not projecting. Tail a little shorter than the disk. Disk

the anterior margins meeting at a

entirely smooth. Uniform brownish. Distance of the extremity of the snout from the
vent, 43 inches. Distance of the extremity of the tail from the vent, 4} inches.
Greatest width of the disk, 542 inches. Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 83 and 94
inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Anthias megalepis, n. sp. (Pl: XVI. fig. E).

D. 72, A. 3, L. lat 30, L. transv. 24/12. The height of the body is rather more than
one-third of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. The
diameter of the eye equals the length of the snout, and is one-fourth of that of the head.
Interorbital space flat, scaly, very narrow. The maxillary extends to, or nearly to, the
posterior margin of the eye. <A pair of -canines in the upper jaw, and a pair in the
middle of the side of the lower are well developed. Praeorbital very narrow, narrower
than the maxillary. Praeoperculum strongly serrated. Six series of scales on the cheek.
Dorsal spines of moderate strength and length, not so strong as the second of the anal
fin. Pectoral extending to the first soft anal ray. Rose coloured; uniform, or with
irregular blackish patches on the back. Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 3 to 4 inches.
Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Centropristis pleurospilus, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. D).

D. 49, A. 3, L. lat. 44, L. transv. 33. .The height of the body is two-ninths of the
total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. The diameter of the eye
is longer than the snout, and more than one-fourth of the length of the head, Inter-
orbital space one-third of the diameter of the eye. The maxillary reaches beyond the
vertical from the centre of the orbit. | Praeoperculum rounded throughout, serrated.
Operculum with two spines. Six series of scales on the cheek; a series of four or five

38 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

oblong black spots along the side of the body. Ki Islands. Length of specimens,
51 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Myriodon waigiensis, Q. and G. Station 186 (trawl).
Serranus diacanthus, C. V. Arafura Sea. Station 189.
Mesoprion annularis, C. V. Arafura Sea, Station 189.
Mesoprion chrysotenia, Blky. Somerset, Cape York.

Apogon monogramma, n. sp, (Pl. XVI. fig. B).

D. 7/4, A. 2, L. lat. 26. The height of the body is one-third of the total length
(without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. Inner edge of the preeoperculum not
serrated. Dorsal spines of moderate strength, the fourth a little longer than the third.
White (in spirits), with a well-defined narrow blackish band from the snout through the
eye, to and along the central rays of the caudal fin. No black round spot at the base
of the caudal. A narrow blackish line along the base of the soft dorsal and anal.
Length of specimens, 2 to 3 inches. Arafura Sea.

Apogon septemstriatus, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. A).

D. 7/2, A. 2, L. lat. 28. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length-
(without caudal), and equal to the length of the head. Inner edge of the preeoperculum
not serrated. Dorsal spines rather strong, the third and fourth equal in length. White
(in spirits), with three well-defined narrow black streaks on each side; the first from the
snout, through the eye, along the middle of the tail and caudal fin; the second from the
snout along the superciliary margin to the back of the tail; the third from the occiput
along the base of the dorsal fins ; a seventh stripe runs along the median Ime of the
head and nape. No black round spot at the base of the caudal. A narrow blackish
line along the base of the soft dorsal and anal fins. Length of specimens, 3 inches.
Arafura Sea.

Apogon arafure, nu. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. C).

D. 7/3, A. 2, L. lat. 26. Form of the body as in Apogon teniopterus, but with the
snout shorter, and the caudal fin rounded. Both limbs of the preoperculum are
serrated ; snout as long as the eye; interorbital space convex, as wide as the eye.
Light coloured, with some indistinct darker transverse spots on the back ; upper half of
the first dorsal black ; second dorsal and anal with a black band along the middle ; upper
margin of the second dorsal and posterior margin of the caudal black ; pectoral, ventral,
and hyoid region powdered with black. Length of specimen, 4$ inches. Arafura Sea.

(?) Acropoma japonicum, Gthr., Arafura Sea (not in good state).

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 39

Therapon servus, L., Somerset."

Therapon caudovittatus, Rich., Somerset, Cape York.
Priacanthus benmebari, Schles., Arafura Sea.

Pentapus vitta, Q. and G. Station 188 (South of New Guinea).

Propoma, n. gen. (Pristipomatidee).

This genus is closely allied to Heterognathodon, but difters from it in having nine
dorsal spines only, in lacking the canine teeth in the upper jaw, and in having con-

siderably smaller scales on the back.

Propoma roseum, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. B).

. 2, A. 3, L. lat. 60, L. transv. 33;. The height of the body is contained thrice
and a half or thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal), the length
of the head thrice and one-fourth or thrice and a half. Eye large, one-third of the
length of the head, much longer than the snout, or than the width of the interorbital
space. Snout rather convex and obtuse, with the jaws sub-equal in front; teeth very
small, maxillary covered with scales, extending to, or nearly to, the centre of the
eye. Preeoperculum with a flat projecting spine at the angle, and with a very fine
serrature along its lower limb; operculum with an acute small spme. — Infraorbital
extremely narrow, the end of the maxillary nearly touching the eye. Dorsal spines
feeble, sub-equal in height; the third anal spine is the longest. Caudal fin deeply
forked, with the lobes, produced into filaments. Pectoral extending to the vent. Scales
very finely ciliated. Apparently rose coloured during life; caudal fin yellowish.
Lower parts silvery. Off Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 5$ inches. Station 192 ; 129

fathoms.

Gerres abbreviatus, Blkr., Somerset.
Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., Somerset.

Myripristis kavanus, n. sp.

D. 11/p5, A. 7, L. lat. 29, L. transv. 24/7. The height of the body is rather more
than the leneth of the head, and one-half of the total (without caudal). The diameter of
the eye is two-sevenths of the length of the head, and twice the width of the interorbital
space which is convex. The maxillary reaches to below the hind margin of the eye,
and is not denticulated. Scales deeply serrated, those above the lateral line with acute
long spines. Opercles covered with series of spines; opercular spine strong, of

1 [The fishes in this list marked “Somerset, Cape York,” were mostly taken with the seine at Albany Island.—
CawWis L] ;

40 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

moderate length. The third dorsal spine is the longest, nearly half as long as the head ;
the third anal spine much stronger and also longer than the fourth, and much longer
than the opercular spine. Reddish-pink, with a silvery line along each series of scales.
Ki Islands. (a) Length of specimen, 74 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Sebastes hexanema, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. B).

D. 11/4, A. 3, L. lat. ca. 53. The height of the’ body is contaimed thrice or thrice
and one-third in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly
twice. The snout is considerably produced, the diameter of the eye being two-ninths of
the length of the head, and two-thirds of that of the snout. The interorbital space is
very narrow, concave, two-fifths of the length of the eye. Vertex with the spines rather
prominent, and covered with very small scales. A simple tentacle above the anterior
angle of the orbit, a second longer one above the middle of the eye, anda third, which
is again shorter, between the nuchal spines. Other small tentacles along the lateral line.
The maxillary extends nearly to below the middle of the eye. The band of vomerine teeth
is V-shaped, that on the palatine bones very narrow. Tongue free and pointed. The
third and fourth dorsal spines are the longest, rather less than one-third of the length of
the head, and shorter than the second of the anal. Pectoral fin not quite reaching the
anal. Rose coloured, with more or less indistinct blackish patches on the back, one
extending over the dorsal fin, and occupying the space between the seventh and ninth
spines. Kilslands. Length of specimens, 2 to 5$ inches. Station 192 ; 129 fathoms.

Tnoscorpius, nu. gen. (Scorpeenidee).

Head and body compressed, the former with muciferous cavities above, but with
scarcely any ridges or spines. Occiput without groove, naked. Opercles armed as in
Sebastes. Body covered with very small scales, and with a wide lateral line. Vertical
fins not elongate. Dorsal fins entirely separate, the first with eight or nine spines.
Pectoral fin long, without separate appendages. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on
the vomer and palatine bones. Seven branchiostegals.

Tnoscorpius longiceps, nu. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. C).

D. 8 or 9/11, A. 2%, P. 23, V.4. The height of the body is one-fourth of the
total length (without caudal), and the length of the head is contained in it twice, or, one-
fourth. Snout rather produced, the diameter of the eye being one-half of the length of the
snout, and two-elevenths of that of the head. The interorbital space flat, its width bemg
nearly equal to the diameter of the eye ; the maxillary does not quite extend to the hind
margin of the orbit. Armature of the head weak, and-limited to a pair of minute spines

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 41

on the occiput, to another above the preeoperculum, to two small ones on the preorbital,
four on the margin of the preeoperculum, and two on the operculum. The bands of
teeth are very narrow, those on the vomer and palatine bones almost linear. Dorsal
spines rather slender, the third and fourth are the longest, one-third of the lenoth of the
head. Anal spines feeble. Pectoral fin extending to the middle of the anal. Ventral
fin thoracic, terminating at some distance from the vent.

Coloration, uniform reddish, with some obscure spots on the base of the second
dorsal and caudal. Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 44 inches. Station 192; 129
fathoms.

Pterois lunulata, Schlee., Arafura Sea.

Minous pictus, n. sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. D).

D. 43-4,, A. 12. The length of the head is two-fifths of the total length, without
caudal, and equal to the length of the pectoral fin. Preeorbital, with a rather strong
spine, obliquely directed downwards and backwards, and with another small one in front.
Interorbital space concave, equal in width to the vertical diameter of the eye. Dorsal
spines slender ; the three anterior a little remote from the remainder of the fin. Back
and dorsal fin largely marbled with blackish-brown and white; lower parts and caudal
whitish. Pectoral ventral and anal black; the posterior surface of the pectoral whitish,
with a black stripe along each ray. Length of specimens, 2 to 24 inches. Arafura Sea.
Station 188. (South of New Guinea.)

Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., Somerset.
Platycephalus malabaricus, C. V., Arafura Sea. Station 188; 28 fathoms.
Platycephalus isacanthus, C. V., South of New Guinea. Station 187.

Platycephalus sculptus, n. sp. (Pl. XVIL. fig. A).

D. 9/11, A. 12, L. lat. 70 Length of the head is one-third of the total (without
caudal), and its width between the preopercular spines is contained once and one-third
in its length. Interorbital space very narrow and concave, its width being one-half of
the vertical diameter of the eye, or one-fourth of the length of the snout. Snout rather
obtuse. Bones of the head deeply sculptured with radiating striz. A series of spines
along the superciliary margin, along the ridges of the crown of the head, along the oper-
cular ridge, and along the infraorbital ring. Angle of the preoperculum armed with
two spines, of which the upper is much longer than the lower, though not quite so lone
as the eye, and armed at the upper part of its base with a small accessory spine. Anterior
half of the lateral line spiny. The third and fourth dorsal spines are the longest, one-
half of the length of the head. A tongue-shaped membranaceous flap below the pree-

(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PaRrT vi.—1880.) F6

42 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER.

opercular spines. The bands of vomerine and palatine teeth are very narrow, almost
linear. Coloration nearly uniform; a few indistinct cross bands; spinous dorsal with a
black margin. Length of specimens, 2 and 8} inches. Arafura Sea.

Platycephalus spinosus, Schlee., South of New Guinea. Station 187; 6 fathoms.
Platycephalus pristiger, C. V., South of New Guinea. Station 187.

Trigla leptacanthus, n. sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. B).

D. 8/11, A. 12. Scales exceedingly small. The przorbital and suprascapular
spines are slender and very long, as long or longer than the eye. | Preeopercular, oper-
cular, and humeral spines short. Interorbital space concave, equal in width to the
diameter of the eye. Dorsal spines of moderate length and strength. The pectoral
reaches to the sixth or seventh anal ray. Lateral lines not spiny. Light reddish ; back
and base of the second dorsal with scattered irregular blue ocelli. A bluish streak
below the canthus rostralis. Posterior surface of the pectoral fin blue, with a white
margin all round, and a large black spot at the base. Ki Islands. Length of specimens,
4 to 44 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Lepidotrigla spiloptera, n. sp. (Pl. XVIIL. fig. C).

D. 9/15, A. 15, L. lat. ca. 65. Scales very indistinctly serrated. Lateral line without
spines. Anterior profile of the snout concave. Praeorbital projecting in the form of a
short triangular lamina. Interorbital space very concave, in width nearly equal to the
vertical diameter of the eye. A deep transverse groove separates the interorbital space
from the crown of the head. The spines of the dorsal fin are of moderate strength, those
running along the base of the dorsal fins are well developed, lanceolate. Pectoral fin
extending to the fourth anal ray. Coloration uniform reddish. Pectoral dark blue on
its inner surface, with numerous white ocelli, and a white margin. In very young
specimens the groove behind the eyes is but slightly indicated; the white ocelli
on the pectoral fin are absent, and a blackish blotch occupies the membrane between
the fourth and sixth dorsal spines. [Xi Island. Length of specimens, 34 to 54 inches.
Station 192; 129 fathoms. Arafura Sea.

Dactylopterus orientalis, C. V., Arafura Sea, Station 188.
Peristethus moluccense, Blky. Station 192, Ki Islands ; 129 fathoms.
Pegasus natans, L., Somerset, Cape York.

Sillago ciliata, C. V., Somerset, Cape York.

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 43

Acanthaphritis, n. gen. (Trachinidee).

Head depressed, tail compressed. Cleft of the mouth sub-horizontal, with the upper
jaw longest. Eye rather large, obliquely directed upwards. Scales large, ciliated. Two
separate dorsal fins, the first with five or six spines. Ventrals jugular, with one spine
and five soft rays. The lower pectoral rays branched. Bands of villiform teeth in the
jaws, without canines; vomerine teeth in two small widely separate patches. Opercles
unarmed ; each preorbital with a horizontal spine pointing forward. Six branchio-
stegals. Guill-membranes entirely separate from each other, and from the isthmus.

Acanthaphritis grandisquamis, n. sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. A).

D. 5-6/20, A. 24, L. lat. 33, L. transv. 8. Head depressed, its length being rather
more than two-sevenths of the total length (without caudal) ; the eyes are large, occupy-
ing the second fourth of the length of the head, and standing very close together ;
mouth wide, the maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye. Occiput, cheeks,
and opercles scaly. The first dorsal composed of feeble and short spines; the second
high, the posterior rays being the longest, and extending in old specimens to the middle
of the caudal fin. The anal commences immediately behind the first dorsal ; caudal sub-
truncated ; pectoral broad, reaching to below the commencement of the second dorsal ;
ventrals reaching to the vent. The scales are very coarsely ciliated. Light olive
coloured, with an indistinct series of silvery spots along the upper side of the body; the
first dorsal black. Kilslands. Length of specimens, 24 to 5} inches. Ki Islands, Station
192; 129 fathoms.

Champsodon vorax, Gthr., Arafura Sea, Ki Islands. Station 192 ; 129 fathoms.
Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus, Steindachner (Wien, 8. B. 1868, vol. lviil. p. 319).
Previously known from Kandavu. Arafura Sea.

Uranoscopus kaianus, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. A).

D. 4/13, A. 13. No barbel below the chin. The length of the head is contained
thrice and two-thirds, or thrice and three-fourths in the total without caudal. Sub-
operculum with one, preoperculum with four, five, or six spines pointing downwards.
Humeral spine more or less directed upwards. Upper parts brown, with numerous
round whitish spots. Lower parts whitish. First dorsal black. Ki Islands. Arafura
Sea. Length of specimens, 7 to 10 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Station 188 ;
28 fathoms.

Caranx speciosus, Forsk., Somerset.
Carane armatus, Forsk., Somerset.

44 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Chorinemus toloo, C. V., Somerset.
Trachynotus ovatus, L., Somerset.

Hypsinotus rubescens, Gthr.

D. si 8s, A. xe2z5- Young specimens have the body comparatively less high than
old ones; in the latter the depth exceeds much the length (fins excluded), in the former
the length may even exceed the depth. Japan, Celebes. Ki Island. Length of speci-

mens, 14 to 24 inches. Station 192 ; 129 fathoms.

Upeneoides, sp. (2), Arafura Sea.

Gobius genivittatus, C. V., fresh-water at Api, New Hebrides.

Gobius albopunctatus, C. V., Somerset.

Gobius bynoensis, Rich., Somerset.

Gobius ornatus, Riipp., Somerset.

Callionymus longicaudatus, Schleg., South of New Guinea. Station 188.

Callionymus kaianus, n. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. B).

D. 4/9, A. 9, C. 10. Praeopercular spine shorter than the eye, terminating in three
hooks, of which the hindermost points backwards and the middle upwards, both being
barbed; the third is very small. Anterior dorsal spine prolonged, second dorsal high,
caudal long. The ventral extends somewhat beyond the origin of the anal. The
occipital region granulated on each side. Gill-opening reduced to a small foramen on
the upper side of the neck. Lateral line single. The length of the head is contained
thrice and one-fourth in the total length, without caudal. Eye as long as the snout,
and one-fourth the length of the head. Reddish-white, with irregular, rounded violet
spots along the middle of the side of the body. A lunate black spot between the
third and fourth dorsal spines. Second dorsal ornamented with large subocellated
and inframarginal bands. Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 7 inches. Station 192;
129 fathoms.

Batrachus diemensis, Les. Station 186 (trawl).
Antennarius marmoratus, Gthr., Ki Doulan, Little Ki Island.

Tetrabrachium, nu. gen. (Pedicalidee).

Head large, compressed ; cleft of the mouth vertical, narrow. Teeth very small.
Eye small, projecting on the upper surface of the head. Skin naked. The spinous
dorsal is reduced to three isolated spines, with the same arrangement and functions as in

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 45

Antennarius; the soft dorsal and anal rather long; pectoral with the upper portion
detached. The gill-opening is reduced to a small foramen at the lowermost part of the
root of the pectoral fin.

Tetrabrachium ocellatum, u. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. C).

D. 1/1/1/18, A. 12, P. 4/5, V. 5. The head and body are strongly compressed, the
trunk being very short; the neck is raised into a convex hump, the mouth looking
upwards, transverse, without being cleft down the sides of the snout. The first and
second dorsal spines are close together, situated above the upper lip, the first being very
short and slender, the second as long as the mouth is wide and fringed. The third is
again very small and delicate, and occupies the middle of the nape. Dorsal and anal
rays short, enveloped in a tight membrane. Caudal rounded. The upper four pectoral
rays form a separate portion ; the lower part of the fin being horizontally spread out, and
with the inner ray attached to the body in its whole length; also the ventral fins are
attached to the side of the body by a loose membrane by which a kind of recess is
formed. Eyes very small, prominent, covered by the general integument. The upper
half of the fish is brownish, with numerous white ocelli greatly varying in size; they
extend on the dorsal fin, but all the other fins are white, without any spots. South of
New Guinea. Length of specimen, 27 inches. Station 188; 28 fathoms.

Sicydium, sp., Fry., freshwater at Api, New Hebrides.
Congrogadus subducens, Rich. Station 186 (trawl).
Mugil waigiensis, Q. and G., Somerset.

Glyphidodon septemfasciatus, C. V., Raine Island.
Glyphidodon sordidus, Forsk., Raine Island.

Heliastes roseus, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. D).

D. 34, A. 3, L. lat. 26, L. transv. 75. The height of the body is contained twice and
two-thirds in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head three times. Hye
very large, scarcely two-fifths of the length of the head. Snout extremely short, with
the cleft of the mouth very oblique; maxillary narrow, not extending to below the
middle of the eye. The lateral line pierces two or three scales behind the head, is then
interrupted, and proceeds close to the base of the dorsal fin, at the end of which it stops.
Caudal fin subtruncated. Pectoral with a broad base extending to the origin of the anal
fin. Scales very finely ciliated. Uniform rose coloured. Off Ki Islands. Length of
specimen, 24 to 3} inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Xiphochilus quadrimaculatus, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. C).
D. 12, A. 33;, L. lat. 30, L. transv. 23/10. The height of the body is rather less

40 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

than the leneth of the head, and contained thrice and three-sevenths in the total length
(without caudal) ; snout rather short, as long as the eye, the diameter of which is two-
sevenths of the length of the head. The maxillary reaches the front margin of the
eye; both jaws with four canine teeth in front, the upper with a posterior one; oper-
culum dilated into a large flap; three series of scales on the cheek; sub- and inter-
operculum scaly; preorbital as high as the orbit. Dorsal spines rather slender.
Rose coloured ; a blackish spot below the sixth and seventh dorsal spines on the lateral
line; another above the end of the lateral line above the caudal fin. Length of specimen,
4 inches. Arafura Sea.

Cherops cyanodon, Rich., Somerset.
Cherops ommopterus, Rich. Station 186 (trawl).

Ophidium murenolepis, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. A).

The length of the head equals its distance from the vent, which is somewhat nearer to
the end of the snout than to that of the tail. (In Ophidiwin broussoneti the distance of
the vent from the end of the tail is nearly twice that from the end of the snout.) The
scales are extremely small, not imbricate, elongate, and obliquely arranged as in an eel,
The outer pair of barbels is considerably longer than the inner, and much shorter than
the head. The lower branch of the outer branchial arch with four gill-rakers, which are
very short, scarcely one-third of the diameter of the eye. No hook-like prominence at
the ethmoid. Head entirely naked. Dorsal fin with a blackish edge. Ki Islands,
Length of specimen, 7 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Pseudorhombus russelli, Gray, Arafura Sea; 35 to 49 fathoms.

Rhomboidichthys angustifrons, nu. sp. (Pl. X XI. fig. B).

D. 83, A. 62, L. lat. 80. The height of the body is a little more than one-half of the
total length with the caudal; the length of the head one-fourth ; head about as high as
long ; anterior profile of the head parabolic, with a small notch in front of the inter-
orbital space. Cleft of the mouth narrow, with the lower jaw prominent, and with the
maxillary extending to below the front margin of the orbit ; snout a little shorter than
the eye, the diameter of which is two-sevenths of the length of the head. An inconspicu-
ous knob superiorly on the maxillary, and on the front margin of the lower orbit.
Length of the maxillary a little less than one-third of that of the head. Interorbital
space very narrow, deeply concave, smooth. Vent on the left side. Scales of the
coloured side ethmoid, of the blind side smooth. No spines along the base of the dorsal
and anal fins. In the single specimen observed, the anterior dorsal rays are nearly
detached and produced. Light brownish with indistinct darker spots, of which a series

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 47

runs along the base of the dorsal and anal; also the caudal is ornamented by a pair of
similar spots, one being close to the upper and lower margin. Three large black ocelli,
edged with white, and with a black outer ring, are placed in the middle of the body in
the form of a triangle. Length of specimens, 53 inches. Arafura Sea; 30 fathoms.

Rhomboidichthys spilurus, n. sp. (Pl. XXI. fig. A).

D. 90, A. 66, L. Jat. 47. The height of the body is contained once and three-fourths
in the total length (without caudal). Scales deciduous. Interorbital space scaly, con-
cave; its width being equal to the diameter of the orbit, which is one-fourth of the
leneth of the head; mouth narrow, the length of the maxillary being equal to the
diameter of the eye. The dorsal fin terminates immediately before the root of the caudal,
the left pectoral longer and more developed than the right. Greyish, finely marbled with
brown ; caudal with a pair of black spots on the middle of its length, each spot being
close to the upper and lower margins.

This species is closely allied to Rhomboidichthys grandisquama, but distinguished by
the much narrower interorbital space and smailer scales. South of New Guinea, Zebu.
Length of specimen, 4 inches. Station 188; 28 fathoms,

Samaris maculatus, n. sp. (Pl. XXI. fig. A).

D. 73, A. 57. Scales very small. The height of the body is contained thrice and
one-fourth in the total length without caudal, the length of the head thrice and three-
fourths. None of the dorsal rays are prolonged, but the anterior are much more distant
from each other than the succeeding. Right pectoral with narrow base, five-rayed,
elongate, but shorter than the head. No pectoral fin on the blind side. Eyes very close
together, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper. Light coloured, with a series of
five distant black spots along the dorsal profile ; a similar series along the anal profile,
and a third composed of three spots along the lateral line. Vertical fins, with irregular
blackish dots and blackish margins. Pectoral variegated with black. Ki Islands.
Length of specimen, 4 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Arnoglossus aspilus, Blkr., Arafura Sea; 30 fathoms.

Anticitharus, n. gen.

Mouth wide, or rather wide ; the length of the maxillary being more than one-third of
that of the head. Teeth conical, of unequal size, in a single series in both jaws ; vomerine
and palatine teeth none. The dorsal fin commences on the snout. Scales of moderate
size, smooth, deciduous. Lateral line, with a strong curve above the pectoral. Eyes on

48 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

the left side. Gill-membranes broadly united below the throat. Gill-rakers short and
lanceolate. Ki Islands.

Anticitharus polyspilus, n. sp. (Pl. XXII. fig. A).

D. 106, A. 82, L. Jat. 75. Height of the body is contained twice and two-thirds in
the total length (without caudal). The length of the head thrice and three-fourths. The
curve of the lateral line is rather open, its span being equal to the length of the head
without snout. Snout about as long as the eye, which is one-fourth of the length of the
head. The eyes are separated from each other by a narrow scaleless ridge, the lower
being considerably in advance of the upper. Mouth obliquely ascending upwards, but
with the lower jaw scarcely projecting beyond the upper. The maxillary extends to
behind the front margin of the eye. Anterior teeth stronger and longer than the lateral.
The dorsal fin commences anteriorly on the snout, and is continued to the root of the
caudal. Its anterior rays are somewhat longer than the succeeding, but not longer than
those behind the middle of the length of the fin. Pectoral of the coloured side somewhat
longer than that of the blind, and rather more than half as long as the head. Ventrals
separate, opposite to each other, the anterior bemg rather in advance of the posterior.
Coloration transparent, with some small black spots regularly disposed, but not constantly
present. They form a series of three or four near the dorsal and ventral outlines ; another
along the lateral line ; a pair of spots occupying the basal portion of the caudal. Similar
but larger spots along the dorsal and anal fins. Ki Islands. Length of specimens,
7 and 84 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Pecilopsetta, n. gen. (Pleuronectidee),

Mouth rather narrow, the length of the maxillary being one-third of that of the
head. Each jaw with a narrow band of villiform teeth. Vomerine and palatine teeth
none. The dorsal fin commences above the middle of the eye. Scales very small. Gull-
membranes united below the throat.

Pacilopsetta colorata, n. sp. (Pl. XXII. fig. B).

D. 61, A. 50. The height of the body is contained twice and one-fourth in the total
length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and three-fourths. Lateral line
with a semi-circular curve above the pectoral fin, the diameter of which is equal to three-
fourths of the length of the head. Snout very short, with the jaws equal in front. Cleft
of the mouth obliquely ascending upwards, the maxillary reaching beyond the anterior
margin of the eye. Eyes large, one-third of the length of the head, opposite to each other,
separated by a narrow, flat, scaly space ; the upper encroaches upon the upper profile of

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 49

the head. Only the rays of the caudal fin are scaly. The dorsal fin commences above the
middle of the eye, and is continued to within a short distance of the caudal. None of its
rays are elongate. Pectoral equally developed on both sides, more than half as long as the
head. Ventrals separate, opposite to each other. Light brownish; head and body with
numerous black dots ; dorsal and anal blackish ; caudal with a large black spot near its
upper and lower margins; pectoral with a large black spot occupying nearly the whole
fin. Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 6 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Leops parviceps, Gthr. Station 190. Arafura Sea; 35 to 49 fathoms.
Brachypleura nove-zealandie, Gthr., Arafura Sea; 35 to 49 fathoms. Coast of New
Guinea; 30 fathoms.

Solea kaiana, n. sp. (Pl. XXI. fig. C).

D. 70, A. 50, L. lat. ca. 70. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length
(without caudal), the length of the head rather more than one-fourth; the width of the
interorbital space equal to the diameter of the eye. No pectoral whatever. Light
brownish : head, body, and fins reticulated with brown, the network being more distinct
towards the margins of the fish. Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 4} inches, Station
192; 129 fathoms.

Synaptura zebra, Bl., Arafura Sea; 35 to 49 fathoms.

Synaptura arafurensis, a. sp.

D. 65, A. 52, P. 6, L. lat. 100. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total
length, with the caudal; the length of the head one-fifth. Scales ciliated on both sides
of the body, those of the neck not larger. There are several patches of black filaments
on different parts of the body; the largest is in the middle of the length of the lateral
line, two or three smaller ones along the base of the dorsal, and of the anal, and one on
the base of the caudal. Upper jaw slightly overlapping the lower. The eyes are very
small ; they occupy jointly a single protuberance, which can partially be received in
a hollow. Pectorals rudimentary, about one-sixth of the length of the head; the right
is black between the rays, and its axil is black also. The last dorsa] and anal ray
extends beyond the middle of the length of the caudal. Nasal tubes short. Uniform
brownish-grey. Arafura Sea. Length of specimen, 44 inches. Station 190; 35 fathoms.

Cynoglossus kopsi, Blkr., Arafura Sea. Station 190.

Cnidoglanis nudiceps, n. sp.

Closely allied to Cnidoglanis lepturus and Cnidoglanis microcephalus, but with
the occipital region osseous, and not covered with loose skin. Head depressed, small, its

(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP,—PART vI.—1880.) Ei

50 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

length being equal to its distance from the vent; the nasal and maxillary barbels do not
extend to the end of the head; lower lip not pendent or fringed; isthmus between the
branchial membranes comparatively broad, as broad as the imterorbital space, Inter-
maxillary teeth conical, in two subtriangular patches; vomerine teeth more obtuse, in
two series which form a subcrescentric band; mandibulary teeth in a band. Lye of
moderate size. The first dorsal is lower than the body, and placed at a very short
distance from the occiput; spine serrated in front and behind, as long and strong as that
of the pectoral fin. Light brownish, fins with a black margin. Length of specimen,
83 to 9 inches. Arafura Sea.

Saurus intermedius, Agass.
Hitherto known from the Atlantic only. Arafura Sea.

Saurus kaianus, n. sp. (Pl. XXIIL. fig. C).

D. 11, A. 10, V. 8, L. lat. 63, L. transv. 33/8. Body subeylindrical. Length of the
head contained thrice and two-thirds in the total (without caudal). Snout depressed,
pointed, nearly as broad as long, with the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower.
Interorbital space slightly concave, narrower than the eye, the diameter of which is two-
ninths of the length of the head. Frontal bones without sculpture. There are seventeen
scales between the occiput and the dorsal fin. Dorsal fin as high as long. The pectoral
fin extends to the twelfth scale of the lateral line. The series of scales on the tail without
keel. Upper parts greenish, lower silvery. <A series of blackish spots alternately larger
and smaller along the middle of the body. Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 53 inches.
Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Saurida grandisquamis, Gthr., Arafura Sea.

Belone strongylurus, Blkyr., Somerset.

Belone annulata, C. V., Somerset.

Hemirhamphus quoyi, C. V., Somerset.

Hemirhamphus commerson, Cuy., Somerset.

Chirocentrus dorab, Forsk., Somerset.

Phyllopteryx teniophorus, Gray, male with full pouch. Cape York. Station 186 ;
8 fathoms.

Triacanthodes anomalus, Schleg., Ki Island. Station 192; 129 fathoms.

Monacanthus penicilligerus, Cuy. Station 188; 28 fathoms.

Monacanthus longirostris, Cuv., New Caledonia,

Monacanthus filicauda, n. sp. (Pl. XXIII. fig. D).
D. 35, A. 37. Scales minute, the entire surface of the fish being uniformly covered
with asperities longitudinally arranged. Dorsal spine rather slender, longer than the

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 51

snout, granular in front, and armed with a double series of barbs behind ; it is placed
above the hind margin of the orbit. Body elevated, its depth being contained once and
three-fifths in the total length (without caudal). The origin of the dorsal fin is the
highest point in the dorsal profile. Snout moderately produced, with the upper profile
very slightly concave. Caudal fin obliquely truncated with the upper ray prolonged into
a filament. Ventral spine movable, small. Light brownish, with more or Jess con-
spicuous darker spots; a round black spot immediately below the anterior third of the
dorsal fin is constant. South of New Guinea. Length of specimen, 3} to 5 inches.
Station 188; 28 fathoms.

Tetrodon nigropunctatus, Bl, Arafura Sea ; 35 to 49 fathoms.

D. THE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.

A few species only were collected by the Expedition at Banda (September 30, 1874)
and Amboyna (October 4). Better opportunities offered themselves during the pro-
longed stay of the Challenger at the Philippine Islands: Manilla was visited twice, from
November 4 to 11, and from January 11, 1875, to January 14; Zebu was reached on
the 18th, and its celebrated sponge-grounds were thoroughly examined ; but the majority
of fishes were obtained at Samboangan, where the Expedition landed several times. Some
of the species collected there prove to be new, two being fluviatile.

Chiloscyllium indicum, Gm., Manilla.
Serranus diacanthus, C. V., Philippines. Station 203.

Acropoma philippinense, na. sp.

D. 9/1, A. 2, L. lat. 31, L. transv. 2. The height of the body is contained thrice and
a half in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head twice and three-fifths.
Eye one-third of the length of the head, and longer than the snout and the interorbital
space. The two canine teeth of the upper jaw are strong, much longer than in Acropoma
japonicum ; lower jaw with a pair of small canine teeth in front, and with three strong
ones on each side. Vomerine and palatine teeth small, im very narrow bands. Lower jaw
not much projecting beyond the upper; maxillary without scales, not extending to the
centre of the eye. Praeoperculum with the angle slightly produced and serrated ; oper-
culum without prolongation. Dorsal spines rather feeble, the third being the longest, and
half as long as the head. Caudal fin forked. Pectoral reaching to the vent. Uniform
silvery, with the back greenish. Philippine Islands. Length of specimens, 2 to 34
inches. Station 201; 82 to 102 fathoms.

or
NS)

Z THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Therapou theraps, C. V., Philippines. Station 203.

Priacanthus, sp. (2). Station 194, off Banda, in tow-net.

Scolopsis monogramma, C. V., Philippines. Station 203.

Sebastes nematophthalmus, Gthr. Hitherto known from the West Indies and Mau-
ritius. Philippines. Station 201 ; 82 fathoms.

Tetraroge longispinis, C. V., Philippines. Station 203.

Lioscorpius longiceps, n. sp. (see p. 40). Station 204. Philippines.

Equula fasciata, Lac., Philippines. Station 203.

Equula dussumieri, C. V., Philippines. Station 203.

Acanthurus hepatus, L., Samboangan.

Champsodon vorax (Pl. XXIII. fig. A), (Gthr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 102).

D. 5/17-20, A. 17-19. A series of numerous and apparently full-grown examples
enables me to correct an error in the original generic diagnosis, in which the bones of
the head are described as unarmed. The angle of the preeoperculum is armed with a
long lanceolate spine obliquely directed upwards, and there are several denticulations on
the hind margin of the same bone. Also the preeorbital has some obtuse spines. Eye
with one or two minute filaments at its supero-posterior angle. Two lateral lines become
very distinct as soon as the fish is dry, and both are provided with lateral vertical
branches. Length of specimens, 3 to 4 inches. Station 204; 115 fathoms. Philippines.

Opisthognathus macrolepis, Peters (Berl. Monatsber., 1866, p. 520).

B. 6, D. 44, A. 13, L. lat. 56. The maxillary is not so much elongate as in the
other species ; it reaches beyond the eye, but not to the angle of the preeoperculum. The
height of the body is one-fifth of the total length (without caudal), the length of the
head a little less than one-third. Eyes very close together. The last spine of the dorsal
fin considerably shorter than the first ray. Dorsal fin with a large black spot between the
second and fourth spines. Length of specimen, 4 inches. Philippines. Station 201 ;
82 fathoms,

Platycephalus, sp., young, Philippmes. Station 203. Straits near Zebu; 18
fathoms.

Peristethus murrayt, a. sp. (Pl. XXXIL. fig. A).

D. 7/21, A. 20, L. lat. 30. Praeorbital processes narrow, narrower in their basal half
than towards their extremity; their leneth is one-third of the distance between their
extremity and the front margin of the orbit. Snout and forehead without any spines; a
small spine above the posterior margin of the orbit, and one on each side of the occiput.
Preopercular ridge prominent, trenchant, terminating in a slender spine nearly as long

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 53

as the eye. Interorbital space concave, its width being equal to the diameter of the eye.
Anterior abdominal scutes not much longer than broad, and nearly equal in size to the
posterior, which are as broad as long. Red, dorsal fins with a blackish margin, Sea of
Banda. Length of specimen, 8 inches; 200 fathoms,

Tt seems that the sojourn at a moderate depth (200 fathoms) has not sufficed to effect
a visible modification of the different organs of the fishes of this genus. However, it
seems to me that also the other species of the genus, and especially the Mediterranean
form, of the habits of which more is known than of any other, descend to greater depths
than is generally supposed.

Gobius echinocephalus, Riipp., Zebu.

Callionymus curvicorms, C. V., Philippines. Station 201 ; 82 fathoms.

Callionymus calauropomus, Rich. Station 204.. Philippines; 115 fathoms. (This
specimen, which is a male, has the first dorsal spine prolonged into a filament,
and a black ocellus between the third and fourth spines.)

Lophius naresi, n. sp. (see p. 60, and Pl. XXV.) Station 204 ; 115 fathoms.

Trypauchen vagina, Bl., Amboyna; 15 fathoms.

Amphisile scutata, L., Philippines. Station 203; 10 to 20 fathoms.

Ophiocephalus vagus, Ptrs. (scarcely distinct from Ophiocephalus striatus, Bl.),
Manilla.

Duymeria flagellifera, C. V. (= Daymeria filamentosa, Ptrs.), Samboangan.

Bregmaceros macclellandi, Thomps., Amboyna; 15 fathoms.

Pseudorhombus russelli, Gray. Station 203. Philippines.

Rhomboidichthys pavo, Blkr., Island of Malanipa, near Samboangan.

Rhomboidichthys spilurus, un. sp. (see p. 47, and Pl. XXI. fig. A.), Straits of Zebu ;
fathoms, 18.

Solea ovata, Rich. Station 203. Philippines.

Cynoglossus puncticeps, Rich. Station 203. Philippines.

Barbus maculatus, C. V., var.

D. 11, A. 8, L. lat. 26, L. transv. 43/44. The osseous dorsal ray is rather feeble, its
stiff portion being about as long as the head without snout; its serrature is fine and
rather inconspicuous. There are two and a half longitudinal series of scales between the
lateral Ime and the root of the ventral fin. The depth of the body is one-third of the
total length (without caudal). The length of the head one-fourth. Snout of moderate
length, a little longer than the diameter of the eye, which is one-fourth, or a little less
than one-fourth of the length of the head. Barbels well developed, longer than the eye.
The origin of the dorsal fin is slightly in advance of the vertical from that of the
ventrals, and scarcely nearer to the end of the snout than to the root of the caudal. A

54 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

series of four round black spots along the middle of the side of the body, a fifth similar
spot below the origin of the dorsal fin. Samboangan, Philippines. Length of specimens,
21 to 5 inches, Pasananca, near Samboangan.

Rasbora philippina, n. sp.

L. lat. 28-29. The origin of the dorsal fin is much nearer to the base of the ventrals
than to the anal, and opposite to the ninth and tenth scales of the lateral line. The
length of the head is contained four and one-third times in the total (without caudal).
Barbel none; maxillary extending to below the front margin of the eye. Pectoral as
long as the head. A silvery band along the side of the tail. River at Pasananca, near
Samboangan (Philippine Islands). Length of specimens, 24 to 3) inches.

Murena richardsoni, Blkr., Reefs near Zebu, Samboangan.
Murena nebulosa, Ahl., Reefs of Zebu.

Murena, sp., young, Reefs near Zebu.

Balistes verrucosus, Bl., Schn., Reefs of Zebu.
Monacanthus pardalis, Riipp., Reefs of Zebu.

Monacanthus tessellatus, n. sp. (Pl. XXII. fig. B).

D. 36, A. 32. Skin velvety, without distinct scales. The depth of the body is one-
half of the total length (without caudal). Snout long, the distance of the eye from its
extremity being two-sevenths of the total length (without caudal). Upper profile very
slightly concave. Gill-opening below the middle of the eye; root of the pectoral below
its posterior half. Dorsal spine rather long, nearly half as high as the body above the
posterior half of the eye, armed with four rows of barbs, of which the anterior are close
together. Caudal with the margin rounded. Dorsal and anal fins but little higher
anteriorly than posteriorly. Ventral spine small, fixed. Colour light brownish. Head
and body ornamented with squarish dark brown spots, regularly arranged in transverse
and longitudinal series; caudal blackish. Philippine Islands. Length of specimen, 5
inches. Station 204; 115 fathoms.

Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl, Schn., Philippines. Station 203.
Tetrodon patoca, H. B., Philippines. Station 203.
Chilomycterus orbicularis, Bl., Straits near Zebu; 18 fathoms.

E, HONG KONG,

The Expedition remained at this locality from November 16, 1874, to January 6, 1875.
Its fish-fauna being well known, but few species were collected, one of which appears
to be undescribed.

Or
o

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.

Serranus diacanthus, C. V.
Mesoprion vitta, Q. and G.
Chilodactylus zonatus, C. V.
Sebastes marmoratus, C. V.
Scorpena cirrhosa, Thunb.
Drepane punctata, L.
Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk.
Platycephalus japonicus, Tiles.
Stromateus argenteus, Bl.
Gobius knutteli, Blkr.
Eleotris sinensis, Lac.
Apocryptes polyophthalmus, Gthr.
‘allionymus curvicornis, C. V.
Trypauchen vagina, Bl., Schn.

Trypauchen chinensis, Steind., off Hong Kong, in 10 fathoms.
Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Steindachner, Wien. 8, B., 1867, vol. lv. p. 530, taf. vi. fig. 3.
Trypauchen chinensis, Steindachner, ibid., p. 708.

Ophiocephalus maculatus, Lac.

Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V.

Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Schleg., off Hong Kong, in 7 fathoms.

Arnoglossus tenwis, n. sp.

D. 93, A. 70, L. lat. 48. Scales very thin and deciduous. The height of the body
is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. The
ereatest depth between the anal fin, and the straight portion of the lateral line is less
than the length of the head. Snout with the lower jaw somewhat projecting, as long as
the diameter of the eye, which is nearly one-fourth of the length of the head. The
length of the maxillary is one-third of the length of the head, that of the mandible rather
less than one-half. Eyes separated by a very narrow ridge, the lower being considerably
in advance of the upper. Lateral line with a semicircular curve above the pectoral. The
dorsal and anal are continued on to the root of the caudal, and the rays of moderate
length. The rays of the left ventral occupy the whole length between throat and vent.
Humeral arch without projecting spines. Coloration uniform. Length of specimens, 24
and 44 inches.

Solea ovata, Rich., off Hong Kong; 7 fathoms.

Cynoglossus melampetalus, Rich., off Hong Kong; 7 fathoms.
Saurida argyrophanes, Rich.

Cyprinus auratus, L.

56 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

F. THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS.

The visit of the Challenger to the Admiralty Islands extended from March 4 to March
10, 1875. The fishes collected are, as might have been expected, identical with those of
the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Three have proved to be undescribed, viz., a Lophius, which
also occurs in the Philippines, and two Plewronectide ; they are inhabitants of the
moderate depth of 150 fathoms.

Mesoprion monostigma, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Spherodon grandoculis, Forsk., Nares Harbour.

Gerres macracanthus, Blkr., Nares Harbour.

Pimelepterus waigiensis, Q. and G., Nares Harbour.

Upeneus barberinus, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Peristethus iorhynchus, Gthr., outside Nares Harbour ; 152 fathoms.
Sillago sthama, Forsk., Nares Harbour.

Champsodon vorax, Gthr., outside Nares Harbour ; 152 fathoms.
Caranx crumenophthalmus, Bl., Nares Harbour.

Platax orbicularis, Forsk., (=vespertilio, Bl.), Nares Harbour.
Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Teuthis concatenata, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Teuthis vernuculata, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Teuthis margaritifera, C. V., Nares Harbour.

Lophius naresi, n. sp. (Pl. XXYV.).

D. 3/3/8, A. 6. Head and body covered with long fringes. Interorbital space deeply
concave, with sharp raised denticulated superciliary edges. Humeral spine simple, acute.
Mouth behind the hyoid greyish. Length of specimens, 3 and 8 inches. Nares
Harbour, Admiralty Island. Station 219. North of New Guinea. 152 fathoms.

Pseudorhombus ocellatus, n. sp. (Pl. XXIV. figs. A and B).

D. 88, A. 75-76. Scales minute, but distinctly imbricated, not ciliated ; lateral line
anteriorly with a strong curve, the diameter of which equals the length of the pectoral fin.
The height of the body is one-half of the total length (without caudal), the length of the
head one-fourth. Eyes separated merely by a ridge, large, one-third of the length of the
head, the lower considerably in advance of the upper. One (male) specimen with a small
spine in front of each eye, another above the mouth, and a fourth at the mandibulary
symphysis. Snout very short, with the narrow mouth obliquely directed upwards, the
maxillary terminating immediately behind the front margin of the orbit. The dorsal fin

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 57

commences above the nostrils, is not scaly, and terminates close to the caudal, its anterior
rays being shorter than the middle ones. In the male the thirteenth to nineteenth rays of
the dorsal, and the seven anterior of the anal, are prolonged into long filaments. Pectoral
as long as the postorbital portion of the head. Ventrals distinct, opposite to each other.
Brown, with scattered, more or less irregular whitish ocelli, margined with black. Fin-rays
with black dots, and some entirely black for some portion of their length. On the blind
side the anterior half of the body is whitish, the posterior blackish. Admiralty Islands.
Length of specimens, 54 inches. Outside Nares Harbour; 152 fathoms.

Nematops, u. gen. (Pleuronectide).

Cleft of the mouth narrow. Teeth minute; scarcely any teeth on the coloured side.
Vomerine teeth none. The dorsal fin commences above the eye. Scales rather small,
ciliated. Lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly. Eyes on the right side, large, each
provided with a tentacle, the upper encroaching upon the upper profile.

Nematops microstoma, n. sp. (Pl. XXIV. fig. C).

D. 64, A. 54, L. lat. 65. The height of the body is contained twice and a half in the
total length (without caudal), the leneth of the head four times and a third. Snout
extremely short, with narrow mouth obliquely ascending upwards. “Eyes very large,
two-fifths of the length of the head, very close together, the upper encroaching upon the
upper profile. Tentacle nearly as lone as the eye, attached to its posterior half. The
eyes are inserted on the same level. The dorsal fin commences above the middle of the
eye, and terminates at a very short distance from the caudal; its rays are of moderate
length. Pectorals of both sides nearly equally developed, half as long as the head.
Ventrals separate, opposite to each other. The scales of the coloured side are indistinctly
ciliated, those of the blind smooth. The curve of the lateral line is semicireular, with a
diameter shorter than the head. Dorsal and anal rays dotted with black, and a larger
black spot on the posterior dorsal and anal rays. Candal black, with a broad whitish
posterior margin. Length of specimen, 3$ inches. Outside Nares Harbour, in 152
fathoms.

Belone liuroides, Blkr., Nares Harbour.
Clupea moluccensis, Blkr., Nares Harbour.
Balistes maculatus, Gm., North of Admiralty Islands.

G. THE FRIENDLY AND SOCIETY ISLANDS.
But few species were collected during the Challenger’s stay at Tongatabu (July 20,
1874), to which were added a small number from Tahiti (September 1875). None of

them are of special interest.
(ZOOL, CHALL. EXP.—PART VI.—1880.) F8

58 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Zygena malleus, Risso, (stuffed), Tongatabu.
Trygon kuhli, M. and H., Tongatabu.
Serranus dispar, Playf., Tongatabu.
Mesoprion fulviflamma, Forsk., Tongatabu.
Dules marginatus, C. V., Papeuriri, Otaheiti.
Cesio tile, C. V., Tongatabu.

Gerres oyenda, Forsk., Tongatabu.
Holocentrum spiniferum, Forsk., Tongatabu.

Caranz hippos, L., brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti.
Caran hippos, L,: Gthr., Fish., vol. ii, p. 449, and Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 131, taf. Ixxxiv.

Acanthurus (2), sp., young (Acronurus), brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti.
Eleotris fusca, Bl., Schn., streams and brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti.
Mugil kelaarti, Gthr,, Tongatabu.

Mugil tonge, n. sp.

D. 4/3, A. 3, L. lat. 45, L. transv. 16. The height of the body is one-fourth of the
total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-sevenths ; the snout is very
broad, the width of the interorbital space bemg a little more than two-fifths of the
length of the head. Eye with a broad adipose membrane. Lips thin; the maxillary is
nearly entirely covered by the preeorbital, only a narrow strip of its extremity being
visible ; cleft of the mouth nearly twice as broad as deep; the angle made by the
anterior margins of the mandibles slightly exceeding a right one. Anterior dorsal spines
half as long as the head, occupying the middle of the distance between the snout and the
root of the caudal. There are about twenty-six scales between the snout and the spinous
dorsal fin ; the eleventh, thirteenth, and twenty-seventh scales of the lateral line corre-
spond to the extremity of the pectoral fin, and to the origins of the two dorsals. Colora-
tion uniform. Length of specimen, 63 inches. Tongatabu.

Gomphosus tricolor, Q. and G., Harbour of Tahiti.

Anguilla aneitensis, Gthr., Lake Waihirra, Tahiti. A malformed specimen from
River near Lake Waihirra.

Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., Lake Waihirra, Tahiti.

Ophichthys maculosus, Cuv., Tongatabu.

Murena nebulosa, Ahl., Tahiti,

Murena richardsoni, Blkr., Tahiti.

Diodon hystrix, L., Tahiti.

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 59

H,. THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

The Challenger stayed a fortnight at Honolulu, and five days at Hilo, Hawaii. The
fauna is almost purely Polynesian, although we may remember that several species from
the West Coast of America have strayed as far eastwards as to reach this group. Most
of the fresh-water species, on the other hand, are peculiar to this isolated group; and the
Expedition obtained two Blennioids which hitherto had escaped observation.

Zygena malleus, Risso, Reefs at Honolulu.
Dules marginatus, C. V., Hilo, Hawaii (seine), Reefs at Honolulu.

Scorpena nuchalis, Gthr. (Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 76).

If the two following specimens really belong to this species, it is subject to variation
of colour, the Sandwich Islands specimens showing no white dots on any part of their
body ; both, however, have a broad light band across the nape and side of the head.
One of the specimens has a large black spot between the four last dorsal spines, which is
absent in the other specimen, The typical specimen came from Rarotonga. Length of
specimens, 24 to 3 inches. Reefs at Honolulu.

Cirrhites arcatus, C. V., Reefs at Honolulu.
Cirrhitichthys maculatus, Lac., Reefs at Honolulu.
Caranxe crumenophthalmus, Bl., Reefs at Honolulu.
Caranx hippos, L., Hilo, Hawaii (seine).
Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Reefs at Honolulu.
Upeneus trifasciatus, Lae., Reefs at Honolulu.

Polynemus sexfilis, C. V., Hilo, Hawaii (seine).

Gobius stamineus, Valenc. (Voy. Bonite Poiss., p. 179, pl. v. fig. 5).

This is the first time that this species has been rediscovered since it was described
and figured by Valenciennes. Although the figure given in the French Voyage is recog-
nisable as far as the form is concerned, the coloration seems to be imaginary, and is
certainly very different from that of the specimens before me. This species is closely
allied to Gobius ocellaris and crassilabris ; from the former it differs in having smaller
scales on the neck, and in lacking a black dorsal spot ; from the latter in having the
eye placed farther back.

D. 6/11, A. 11, L. lat. 60. Fifteen longitudinal series of scales between the origin of
the second dorsal and anal; scales on the neck much smaller than those on the tail;
cheeks and opercles naked. The height of the body is four and one-half times, the
length of the head thrice or thrice and one-fourth the total length (without caudal).

60 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Head low, flattened above, with the snout much produced, the small eye being nearer to
the gill opening than to the end of the snout. Mouth horizontal, scarcely extending to
the eye, with projecting upper jaw and very thick lips. Teeth in villiform bands, without
canines. Interorbital space wider than the eye in old specimens, and of about the same
width in younger ones. Dorsal fins lower than the body, caudal rounded; ventral
terminating a long way from the vent, with broad basal membrane. Yellowish or
brownish, with irregular darker spots, some in the middle of the body being arranged
more or less distinctly in a longitudinal series; the rays of the dorsal fins and of the
caudal with small black spots ; a round spot at the root of the caudal, and an oblong one
on the upper part of the root of the pectoral are rather constant. Length of specimen, 2
to 8 inches. Fresh-waters of Honolulu. Streams of Hawaii.

Gobius sandvicensis, n. sp.

D. 6/3, A. 9, L. lat. 35. Twelve longitudinal series of scales between the second
dorsal and the anal. Only a few very small scales before the dorsal, the nape and the
whole head being naked. The height of the body is contained five and a half times in
the total length (without caudal), the length of the head four times. The head is rather
broader than high, with the cheeks swollen. Interorbital space very narrow. Eye as
long as the snout, which is convex. Cleft of the mouth scarcely oblique. Jaws equal in
front ; a curved canine tooth on each side of the jaw. Upper pectoral rays silk-like.
Dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Caudal fin obtusely rounded, not quite so lone
as the head. The ventral fin does not quite reach to the vent, and has the basal mem-
brane well developed. Reddish-olive with lighter dots, and with a series of larger brown
spots along the lower half of the side of the body. Vertical fins dotted with brown.
Length of specimen, 15 inches. Honolulu, fresh-water.

Eleotris fusca, Bl., Schn., Honolulu, fresh-water.

Sicydium nigrescens, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. C).

D, 6/11, A. 11. The scales on the nape, on the anterior half of the trunk, and on the
abdomen, are very small ; sixteen longitudinal series may be counted between the origin
of the first dorsal and anal. Head small, two-ninths of the total length (without caudal),
broad, with small eye, the diameter of which is scarcely one-half of the width of the inter-
orbital space. In the adult the third dorsal spine is prolonged into a filament, and the
posterior rays of the second fin are much prolonged, so as to extend sometimes beyond
the root of the caudal. Old specimens are nearly uniform black. Younger ones are
sometimes of a lighter colour, with irregular and indistinct dark transverse spots and bands.
Caudal without spots or bands. Length of specimen, 2 to 5 inches. Honolulu, fresh-
water. Streams in the Island of Hawaii.

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 61

Lentipes concolor, Gill., Streams of Hawaii.
Sicyogaster concolor, Gill., Proc. Ac. N. Se. Philad., 1860, p. 102.
Lentipes concolor, Gthr., Fish., vol. iii. p. 96.

Lentipes seminudus, un. sp.

D. 6/11, A. 10. A small fish, two inches long, and in an indifferent state of preser-
vation, seems to be a second species of this genus, having the same singular dentition as
Lentipes concolor, but the tail is covered with small scales, the head and trunk only being
naked. It is an adult specimen, the ovaries being fully developed. The eyes are small,
situated in the anterior half of the length of the head. The length of the head is one-
fourth of the total, the caudal not included. The vent is somewhat nearer to the root of
the caudal than to the head. Length of specimen, 2 mches. Honolulu, fresh-water.

Mugil dobula, Gthr., Hilo, Hawaii (shore),
Dascyllus albisella, Gill., Honolulu Reefs.

Julis obscura, n. sp. (P]. XXVI. figs. A and B).

D. 8, A. 7, L. lat. 29, L.:transv. 335/10. The determination of this species is
rather doubtful, as it seems subject to great variation of colour, without being distin-
guished by some striking and constant peculiarity. There are four specimens in the
collection, three of which are young, and the fourth apparently adult. The dorsal spines
are remarkably short, and the upper and lower caudal lobes produced into short filaments.
In the young the body is of a brownish-violet colour, which extends sometimes over the
whole caudal fin, sometimes stopping short at the base of that fin, leaving it white.
Scales with or without an indistinct vertical purplish lime. Head apparently without
markings. Dorsal and anal fins uniform blackish, or if of a lighter colour, with a
black spot between the three anterior spines. Pectoral fin with a black spot superiorly
at the base, and with a broad black longitudinal band, which sometimes becomes in-
distinct.

The adult has the ground colour light reddish, only the end of the tail, and the upper
and lower margins of the caudal being black. Each scale with a vertical purple streak.
Dorsal and anal fins greyish, without black spot in front. Pectoral light yellow, without
black band, and without axillary spot. Length of specimen, 4 to 7 inches. Honolulu.

Rhomboidichthys pantherinus, Riipp., Honolulu Reefs.

Chanos salmoneus, Forst., Reefs at Honolulu.

Albula conorhynchus, Bl., Schn., Hilo, Hawaii (seine) ; Hilo, Hawaii (seine).
Conger marginatus, Val., Reefs at Honolulu.

Murena flavo-marginata, Riipp., Reefs at Honolulu.

Murena (2), sp., Reefs at Honolulu.

62 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Doryichthys pleurotenia, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. D).

D. 25, Osseous rings 18+14. The edges of each ring terminate in a slightly pro-
minent spine. Lateral line continuous, passing into the lower caudal edge. Snout with
denticulated ridges ; operculum with a slightly oblique raised line, below which there are
several other radiating keels; snout shorter than the remaining portion of the head ;
interorbital space concave, the supraorbital ridge being raised, but scarcely serrated.
Vent behind the middle of the dorsal fin, equidistant from the root of the pectoral, and
from the end of the caudal. Pectoral shorter than the operculum ; caudal longer than
the snout. Light greyish, with a brownish-black band from the snout along the middle
of the body and caudal fin.

Distance of the snout from the vent, 14 lines. Distance of the vent from the end of
the caudal, 9 lines.

The figure is twice the natural size. Length of specimen, 23 lines. Off Honolulu ;
18 fathoms.

Balistes buniva, Lac., Reefs at Honolulu.

I, JAPAN.

A considerable collection was brought together during the prolonged stay of the
Expedition in Japan (April 11 to June 16, 1875). All the specimens were obtained on
the southern and south-eastern shores of Nipon, viz., at Yokohama (where, besides
marine fishes, several fresh-water species were purchased in the market), and from
fishing-boats off Inosima. These boats were fishing with long lines in 400 fathoms.
They had small hooks attached all along the lines, and on these they brought up, along
with a number of deep-sea fishes, specimens of Hyalonema, and many Pennatulids and
other Alcyonarians. The ship dredged in 345 fathoms. The remainder of the collection
came from the sheltered straits which separates Nipon from the Southern Islands, called
the “Inland Sea,” and particularly from Kobé.

A fact to which I have repeatedly drawn attention, and again quite recently in Ann.
Mag. Nat Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 385, viz., that there exists the greatest similarity between
the marine fauna of Japan and that of the Mediterranean, the adjacent parts of the
Atlantic, and the West Indies, is fully borne out by the Challenger collections. It is
proved not only by a number of species absolutely identical in the seas named, but also
by a large proportion of representative species. The similarity becomes still more obvious
when we take into consideration species which live at a moderate depth of from 200 to
400 fathoms ; and although I have included the deseriptions of those fishes in the deep-
sea series, it will be useful to enumerate them here with an indication of their geogra-
phical range. Of the nineteen species obtained at a depth of 345 fathoms, four are

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 63

identical with Mediterranean species, five are representatives of Mediterranean species,

eight belong to genera with a wide range at great depths, and two only must be

regarded as peculiar Japanese forms.

go bo

Centrophorus squanulosus, . \ Eight species of Centrophorus from the Coast of

Centrophorus foliaceus, . Portugal, Madeira, and Mediterranean.

Beryx decadactylus, . . Madeira and Coast of Portugal.

Jah ee ee | One species of this genus from Madeira and St Helena.
Steep ee " COne species from Cuba.

: : One species from the Mediterranean and the East
Lepidopus tenuis, —. ;

Atlantic.
Physiculus dalwigki, . . Madeira and St Helena.
Haloporphyrus lepidion, . Mediterranean, Madeira, and Coast of Portugal.
Macrurus japonicus, . :
a a TORT “| The species of Macrurus and Coryphenoides are
. Macrurus parallelus, . :

; generally distributed over the deep sea.
Coryphenoides nasutus, —.

Coryphenoides villosus, .
Bathythrissa dorsalis. Peculiar to the sea off Japan.
Xenodermichthys nodulosus. Peculiar to the sea off Japan.
’ : One species from the Mediterranean and Madeira, the
Gonostoma gracile, . : ; ae
: other from the deep sea, and generally distributed.
Synaphobranchus pinnatus, Madeira, Brazil.

Synaphobranchus affinis. Japan.

Nettastoma parviceps, . One species from the Mediterranean,
Myzxine australis, : . Southern Coasts of South America.

Trygon pastinaca, L., Market of Yokohama.

Myliobatis aquila, L., Market of Yokohama.

Percalabrax japonicus, C. V., off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats ; Inland Sea,
from Japanese fisher-boats.

Niphon spinosus, C. V., Market of Yokohama.

Serranus octocinctus, Schleg. (= Serranus mystacinus, Poey.), Market at Yokohama.

Apogon lineatus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Yokohama Bay, 15 fathoms ; Harbour
of Kobé, 8 fathoms.

Scombrops chilodipteroides, Blky., off Inosima, 345 fathoms,

Hapalogenys mucronatus, Eyd. and Soul., Harbour of Kobé, 8 fathoms,

Chetodon modestus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Upeneoides bensas?, Schleg., Market at Yokohama, Kobé,

64 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

Pagrus major, Schleg., off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats, Harbour of Oosima.
Pagrus cardinalis, Lac., Market of Yokohama.

Chrysophrys swinhonis, Gthr., Inland Sea of Japan, Market of Yokohama.
Hoplegnathus fasciatus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan.

Sebastes ventricosus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Sebastes oblongus, n. sp. (Pl. XVIII).

Allied to Sebastes inernis and pachycephalus.

D. 12/74, A. 3, L. lat. ca. 65. The height of the body is contained thrice and one-
half in the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head twice and three-fifths.
The seales are rather irregularly arranged, and much smaller above than below the lateral
le. On the upper side of the head they advance to the nostrils, very minute ones
covering even the preorbital. The snout is poimted and longer than the eye, the
diameter of which is one-sixth of the length of the head, and equal to the width of the
flat interorbital space. None of the spines on the upper side of the head project, and
those of the preeoperculum are obtuse ; the teeth form broad villiform bands in the jaws
as well as on the vomer and palatine bones; the maxillary reaches to the vertical from
the hind margin of the eye. Dorsal spines strong; the fourth to the seventh are the
longest, two-fifths of the length of the head. Anal spines stronger, but much shorter than
the longest of the dorsal. Brownish, marbled with darker ; lower parts and all the fins
with brown spots; an oblique brown streak from the praeorbital towards the angle of the
preoperculum. Inland Sea, Japan. Market of Yokohama.

Sebastes joyneri, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 485). (Pl. XXIX.
fig. A.)

D. +8, A. 3, L. lat. ca. 60. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head,
and one-third of the total length (without caudal) ; scales very thin, scarcely serrated, a
little smaller above the lateral line than below it; on the upper side of the head they
advance to the nostrils and cover the preeorbital and maxillary. Snout short, three-
fourths of the diameter of the eye, which is three-tenths of the length of the head, and
exceeds by one-third the width of the interorbital space which is flat. Upper surface of
head smooth, scarcely armed, the two occipital ridges very low and terminating in short
spines ; preeorbital with two flat spines ; praeoperculum with five spines, the second
from above being the longest, and one-third of the diameter of the eye ; operculum with
two spines, the upper of which is the longest. Teeth in narrow villiform bands, in the
jaws, on the vomerine and palatine bones ; the vomerine teeth form a triangular patch.
The maxillary does not reach to the vertical from the middle of the eye. The fourth
dorsal spine is the longest, contained twice and a quarter in the length of the head. Anal

“spines stronger than those of the dorsal, the second anal spine being shorter than the

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 65

third dorsal. Probably red in life, with five brown cross bars on the back and the dorsal
fin, the three anterior ones descending a little below the lateral line. Fins immaculate.
Pharynx uncoloured.

Although no specimens of this species have been obtained by the Challenger Expedition,
I enumerate it here along with the other Japanese species of this genus. The two speci-
mens, which have been quite recently discovered, are 9 inches long, and from the south-
east coast of Niphon.

Sebastes macrochir, n. sp. (Pl. XX VII).

D, 14/3, A. 3, P. 17/5, L. lat. ca. 45. The height of the body is contained thrice
and one-fourth in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two and
a half times. Scales rather reoularly arranged. Eye very large, one-third of the length of
the head, much longer than the snout. Mouth wide, the maxillary extending to behind
the middle of the eye. The bands of intermaxillary teeth are of moderate breadth, but
those of the vomer, palatines, and mandible are very narrow. Interorbital space flattish,
scaleless, narrow, its width being only two-fifths of the orbit. Occipital region flat, with
some rudimentary scales. A series of spines runs along each side of the forehead and
occiput ; it consists of a spine in front of the orbit, three above it, and two on each side
of the occiput. Infraorbital ridge with strong spies. Preeoperculum with five pointed
spines on the margin. Each ramus of the mandible with three large muciferous apertures.
Dorsal spines rather feeble ; the third to the sixth are the longest, two-fifths of the length
of the head. Anal spines stronger, but shorter than the longest of the dorsal. Caudal
truncated. The pectoral fin is extremely broad, the five or six lower rays being elongated
beyond the extremity of those next above them; their extremities are somewhat
thickened, and they, like the similar outer ventral rays, serve as an organ of locomotion.
The pectoral rays extend to, the ventral rays beyond, the vent. The latter are as long as
the head without snout.

Red, with a large black spot on the posterior half of the spmous dorsal, and with
another between the anal spines. Length of specimens, 7 to 11 inches. Inland Sea of
Japan. Off Inosima, 345 fathoms.

Scorpena miostoma, a. sp.

Allied to Scorpena zanzbarensis and Scorpena longicornis, but with a considerably
narrower mouth.

D. 11/745. A. 3/5, L. lat. 45. Palatine teeth; the vomerine teeth form a simple open
V-shaped band. The height of the body is less than the length of the head, which is
contained twice and one-third in the total length (without caudal). Head nearly entirely
scaleless. Upper jaw slightly overlapping the lower. Orbital tentacles broad, fringed,
shorter than the eye which equals the length of the snout. Interorbital space deeply

(ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART VL—1880.) E9

66 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

concave, with a pair of slight ridges within its concavity. Vertex with a quadrate
depression, which is rather broader than long, and surrounded by spines. The maxillary
does not extend backwards to below the middle of the eye. All the cutaneous appendages
on the head, body, and fins are well developed. The fourth and fifth dorsal spines are the
longest, two-fifths of the length of the head, and equal to the second of the anal fin,
which, however, is stronger. Hight of the pectoral rays are branched. Body and fins
marbled with the usual colours of this genus, but without any peculiar markings. The
axil of the pectoral is scarcely spotted, and the lower part of the head is white. Japan.
Length of specimen, 54 inches. Market of Yokohama.

Prterois lunulata, Schleg. (probably = Pterois volitans, L.), Market of Yokohama.

Tetraroge longispinis, C. V., var. nuda.

In the typical form of this species the body is covered with minute but very conspicuous
scales. In the following specimens the scales are so rudimentary, and in such small num-
ber, that the body appears to be almost naked, No other distinction can be made out be-
tween the scaly and naked specimens. Length of specimens, 14 to 34 inches, Kobé, Japan.

Sciena,sina, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan.

Trichiurus lepturus, L. (= Trichiurus savala, Cuv.=Trichiurus armatus, Gray =
Trichiurus japonicus, Blkr.), off Tnosima, 345 fathoms.

Prionurus scalprum, Langsd., Market of Yokohama.

Trachurus trachurus, L., Market of Yokohama.

Carane muroadsi, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan.

Equula nuchalis, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Zeus japonicus, C. V., Market of Yokohama.

Cybium niphonium, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan.

Brama rai, Bl. (this also is a new addition to the Japanese fauna), off Inosima,
purchased of fishing-boats.

Psenes anomalus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Percis seafusciata, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Uranoscopus asper, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Sillago japonica, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan.

Latilus argentatus, C. V., Market of Yokohama.

Lophius setigerus, Wahl, Yokohama, Kobé.

Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., Yokohama Bay, Inland Sea of Japan.

Platycephalus punctatus, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan.

Platycephalus rudis, n. sp. (Pl. XXEX. fig. B).
D. 1/8/11, A. 11, L. lat. ca. 70. The length of the head is one-third of the total

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 67

(without caudal), and its width between the preopercular spines is more than one-half of
its lencth. All the bones on the upper surface, and the scales covering its sides, are
rough. The space between the eyes is concave, its width being one-half of the vertical
diameter of the eye. Superciliary edge serrated; ridges with distant spines along the
infraorbital and above the operculum, the central ridges of the crown of the head being
rather obscure. Opercular ridge not serrated. Three spines at the angle of the pre-
operculum, the lower of which is the smallest, the upper the longest, but only half the
length of the eye. Only the foremost part of the lateral line is spiny. Ventral fins
reaching to the anal. Greyish, with black dots on the trunk and operculum. The spinous
dorsal and ventral black, the second dorsal and pectoral, with blackish dots. Caudal
irregularly marbled with blackish. Length of specimen, 74 inches. Market of Yokohama.

Lepidotrigla microptera, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, vol. xii. p. 241),
Inland Sea, Japan.

Gobius yokohame, n. sp.

D. 6/11, A. 11, L. lat. 26. The height of the body is contained four and a half
times in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and three-fourths.
Snout obtuse, as long as the eye, the diameter of which is more than one-fourth of
the length of the head. Eyes very close together; mouth oblique, with the jaws sub-
equal in front, reaching to below the front margin of the eye; a very small canine tooth
on each side of the lower jaw; head and occiput naked, but nape covered with small
scales. A wide porus in front and behind the interorbital space, and two others behind
the eye; they are the openings of the muciferous channels. Seven longitudinal series of
scales between the second dorsal and the anal. The ventral fin terminates at some distance
from the vent, which is midway between the root of the caudal and the preeoperculum.
Dorsal fins rather lower than the body; caudal slightly poimted, as long as the head.
Light brownish olive, with a series of five brown spots along the lower half of the body,
the last being on the root of the caudal and the most distinct; a triangular black spot
occupies the lower angle of the operculum ; gill-membrane on the throat blackish.

Small as this species is, it is adult, a female having the ovaries fully developed.
Length of specimen, 24 inches. Yokohama Bay; 15 fathoms. Inland Sea of Japan.

Gobius hexanema, Blkr., Yokohama Bay, 15 fathoms, Inland Sea, Japan, Kobé.
Gobius flavimanus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.
Trypauchen vagina, Bl. Schn., Kobé, 8 fathoms.

Callionymus lunatus, Schleg. (Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 155, pl. lxxviil. fig. 4).
D. 4/9, A. 9, C. 10. Preeopercular spine rather shorter than the eye, terminating

68 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

in four small hooks, three of which are directed upwards, the fourth being on the outer
side of the spine and pointing forward. The females have the first dorsal spine prolonged
into a much shorter filament than the males, but all have the large black sublunate spot
between the third and fourth dorsal spines. Caudal fin with rather distant small black
drops arranged longitudinally ; caudal fin but little longer than the head, obtusely
rounded. In the males the dorsal spines and caudal rays are much prolonged, and the
ereater portion of the first dorsal fin is whitish, with large ovate black spots. Length
of specimens, 2 to 6 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Yokohama Bay; 15 fathoms. Kobeé.

Chirus hecagrammus, Pall., Inland Sea, Japan, Market of Yokohama.
Agrammus schlegeli, Gthr., Market of Yokohama.
Jentronotus nebulosus, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan, Market of Yokohama.

Mugil joyneri, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. 1. p. 486).

D. 4/4, A. 2, L. lat. 40, L. transv. 14. The height of the body is less than the
Jeneth of the head, which is two-ninths of the total (without caudal). Eye small; its
diameter is one-seventh, the width of the interorbital space more than one-third of the
leneth of the head. Adipose eyelid none ; preorbital emarginate and denticulated ;
snout longer than the orbit; extremity of the maxillary visible. There are eighteen
scales between the snout and the origin of the spinous dorsal; no elongate scale in the
axil. Dorsal fins equal in height ; the spines are rather slender, the leneth of the first
being rather more than three-fourths of the postorbital part of the head; it is much
nearer to the end of the snout than to the base of the caudal fin. The first two rays of
the soft dorsal are scaly, the rest of the fin being devoid of scales ; anal scaly anteriorly,
as high as the soft dorsal, and commencing in advance of that fin. Caudal notched,
one-seventh of the total length. Pectoral two-thirds of the length of the head. Axl
without spot.

This species was not contained in the Challenger collection, but may be enumerated
here for completeness’ sake. It was discovered by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei. The
specimens are 12 inches long.

Fistularia serrata, Cuv. (Pl. XXXII. fig. C).
Fistularia serrata, Cuy., Gthr., Fish., vol. iii. p. 533.

Dr Steindachner has recently directed my attention to certain differences in the
sculpture of the head which he observed in a small series of examples from Japan, and
the constancy of which I have been able to confirm in the series in the British Museum.
It appears that two species were confounded by previous authors, and none of the various
names used by them were given with the intention of distinguishing those two species ;

—

ee

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES, 69

so that it is impossible to say to which of them the names serrata, immaculata, and
commersont apply. Dr Steindachner and myself have agreed to treat those names as
synonyms, and to leave the term serrata to the deeply-sculptured form, of which a
full description is given in the ‘‘ Catalogue of Fishes.” This species may be characterised
thus :—

Interorbital space concave ; the two middle ridges on the upper surface of the snout,
run close and parallel to each other along the anterior half of the length of the snout.
Body moderately depressed with minute asperities, which render the skin rough to the
touch.

The British Museum series includes specimens from Aden, Madras, Penang, Singapore,
Bengal, China, Formosa, New South Wales, and from Bermuda (Mr J. Matthew
Jones). It reaches a length of nearly 5 feet. Length of specimens, 20 and 23 inches.
Yokohama.

Fistularia depressa, n. sp. (Pl. XXXII. fig. D).

Bones of the head less deeply sculptured than in Pistularia serrata, but with the
upper lateral edges of the snout likewise serrated. Interorbital space nearly flat. The
two middle ridges on the upper surface of the snout are not very close together, and
diverge again on the anterior half of the length of the snout, converging finally on the
foremost part. Body much depressed, nearly smooth, the asperities of the skin being
scarcely perceptible.

The British Museum series contains specimens from Natal, Zanzibar, Amboyna, China,
New Guinea, New South Wales, Fiji Islands, and California. This species attains to the
same length as Fistularia serrata. Length of specimen, 24 inches. Sulu Archipelago.
Station 200; 255 fathoms.

I am inclined to doubt the occurrence of this shore fish at so great a depth as 250
fathoms, and it does not seem to me to be improbable that this specimen got into the
trawl when near to the surface of the water.

Platyglossus pecilopterus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Market at Yokohama.
Platyglossus pyrrhogramma, Schleg., Market at Yokohama.

Pseudorhombus olivaceus, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan.

Hippoglossus olivaceus, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 184, tab. xciv.
Pseudorhombus olivaceus, Gthr., Fishes, vol. iv. p. 429.

Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus, Gthr., Inland Sea, Japan.
Pleuronectes variegatus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Pleuronectes yokohame, un. sp.
D. 68-72. A. 52. The height of the body is contained twice and one-sixth in the

70 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

total leneth (without caudal), the length of the head four times. Snout shorter than the
eye, the diameter of which is one-fifth of the length of the head; lower jaw prominent ;
maxillary as long as the eye; the upper jaw with a series of fifteen truncated teeth on
the blind side, none on the other; eyes separated by a very narrow space covered with
rudimentary scales. Scales small, cycloid, imbricate, larger about the lateral line than
elsewhere ; the anterior curve of the lateral line is strong in the adult specimen, but
much more open in the young one ; its width equals the length of the pectoral; pectoral
more than half as long as the head; ventrals entirely separate; fin-rays smooth; the
dorsal commences immediately behind the front margin of the orbit. The free portion of
the tail much higher than long. Giull-rakers very short ; about ten on the first branchial
arch. Blackish-brown, uniform, or indistinctly mottled with darker. In the young
specimen the rays of the vertical fins are dotted with brown, five or six of them, of the
dorsal as well as of the anal, having a broad black ring. In the adult example those fin
rays are uniformly coloured, only traces of the dark rings being still visible. Length,
12 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Yokohama Bay ; 15 fathoms.

Parophrys cornuta, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan, Kobé.

Platessa cornuta, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 179, pl. xcii. fig. 1.
Parophrys cornuta, Gthr., Fish., vol. iv. p. 455.

Cynoglossus interruptus, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fie. B).

D. 106, A. 77-85, L. lat. 78. Two lateral lines on the left side, the upper of
which is discontinued at the end of the anterior third of the body. The lateral lines are
separated at the point of their greatest distance by twelve longitudinal series of scales.
No lateral line on the blind side. Two nostrils, one immediately in front of the eyes,
the other above the middle of the upper lip. Eyes close together, the upper somewhat
in advance of the lower. Lips not fringed. The angle of the mouth is below the middle
of the eye, much nearer to the extremity of the snout than to the gill-opening. The
rostral hook terminates below the symphysis of the mandibles. The height of the body
is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total leneth, the length of the head five
times and one-third. Brownish, irregularly speckled with brown. Fin-rays dotted with
brown. Length of specimens, 6 inches. Market at Yokohama.

Cynoglossus joynert, Gthr. (Pl. XXX., fig. A.), (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. i.
p. 486).

D. 106-107, A. 79, L. lat. 85. Three lateral lines on the left side; on the level
of the end of the abdominal cavity the upper and lower lines are separated from the
middle by thirteen rows of scales; four series of scales between the dorsal fin and the
upper lateral line, and four between the anal and lower lateral line. No lateral line on

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. fa!

the right side. All the scales on the left side strongly ctenoid ; those of the blind side
are nearly smooth on the anterior half of the body, and more conspicuously serrate on
the posterior. One nostril situated between the eyes, the other above the ip. Eyes very
small, the upper slightly in advance of the lower; interorbital space equal to the width
of the orbit. Snout contained twice and two-thirds in the length of the head. Angle of
the mouth much nearer to the end of the snout than to the hind margin of the gill-cover
behind the eye. Tail not much elongate. The height of the body is two-sevenths of the
total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-elevenths. Brownish, mottled
with darker.

This species has been recently discovered by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei, and is intro-
duced here for comparison with the preceding species. The specimens collected are 97
inches long.

Silurus asotus, L., Lake Hakou.
Saurida tumbil, Bl., Inland Sea of Japan.

Harpodon microchir, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 487).

D. 14, A. 14, V. 9. This gigantic species of Harpodon differs from Harpodon
nehereus in having a second distinct band of palatine teeth within the first one, and in
having the pectoral fin very short. The tubes of the lateral line are narrow and elongate ;
the basal half of the adipose fin is covered with scales, The interior of the mouth and
oill-cavity is black.

A single specimen, 27 inches long, was obtaimed by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei. To
judge from the structure of its skeleton, and from its evident rarity, it seems to descend
to a moderate depth.

Salmo macrostoma, n. sp. (Pl. XX XI. fig. A).

B. 12, D. 13, A. 14, L. lat. ca. 130. This fish is distinguished by its remarkably
pointed snout, the upper jaw being rather the longer, and by its wide oblique mouth,
the narrow and shightly-curved maxillary extending considerably behind the hind margin
of the orbit. The head is small, only one-fourth of the total length (without caudal).
Eye small, nearly one-seventh of the length of the head. Teeth rather small; one pair
on the head of the vomer is followed by three or four other small teeth, arranged in a
series. Praeoperculum crescent-shaped, without lower limb. Body rather deep, its depth
being equal to the length of the head. There are sixteen or seventeen scales in a series
obliquely descending from behind the adipose fin to the lateral line. Dorsal fin but little
higher than long. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, silvery, with nine parr marks along the
lateral line, and with several round spots above and below them on the sides.

This fish is in many respects very similar to one figured by Brevoort in United States

72 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

‘Narrative of an Expedition to China and Japan,” vol. ii., Fish., p. 277, pl. x. fig. 1.
Unfortunately our specimen is eviscerated, so that nothing can be said as regards its

anatomy. Length of specimen, 11 inches. Yokohama Market.

Aulopus japonicus, 0. sp.

D. 15, A. 9, L. lat. 48, L. transv. 43/6. The length of the head is contained thrice
and one-fourth in the total (without caudal). The diameter of the eye equals the length
of the snout, and is contained thrice and two-thirds in the length of the head. Inter-
orbital space concave, one-half of the width of the eye. Maxillary extending to behind
the middle of the eye. Body irregularly marbled with blackish. Length of specimen,
74 inches. Market of Yokohama.

Plecoglossus altivelis, Schleg., Tokaido.

Salanx microdon, Blkr., Market at Yokohama
Hemirhamphus sejori, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.
Cyprinus auratus, L., Yokohama, Japan.

Leuciscus hakuensis, n. sp. (Pl. XXXI. fig. B).

D. 10, A. 10, L. lat. 73, L. transv. 15/14. The height of the body is one-fourth
of the total leneth (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. The diameter of
the eye is one-fifth of the leneth of the head, and nearly two-thirds of the length of the
snout or of the width of the interorbital space. The head is remarkably small, with
narrow pointed snout, the cleft of the mouth being oblique and not reaching to the front
marein of the eye. Upper jaw overlapping the lower. Origin of the dorsal fin above the
root of the ventrals, midway between the snout and the root of the caudal fin; fins gene-
rally small and short, the pectoral being not much more than one-half of its distance from
the ventral. Scales very indistinctly striated ; there are eight longitudinal series between
the lateral line and ventral fin. Pharyngeal teeth 5/2, pomted. Coloration uniform.

This species is infested by a large Ligula, like so many other Cyprinoids of the Old
World. Length of specimens, 75 and 94 inches. Lake Hakou, Japan.

Achilognathus melanogaster, Blkr., Lake Bioa.
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cant., Kiyoto. (The Japanese fed Siebeldia in cap-
tivity on this fish, and said it was its natural food.)

Engraulis japonica, Houtt.

(2) Atherina japonica, Houttuyn, Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Haarlem, vol. xx. p. 340, pt. 2, 1781.
Engraulis japonica, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 239, pl. evi. fig. 3.

When I described specimens from the Coast of China under the name of Hngraulis

eee

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. ip

japonica, | had overlooked that a fish of the same genus had been described under the
same name in the “ Fauna Japonica.” These two fishes prove to be distinct, the Japanese
species having D. 13-14 and A. 17, whilst the fin formula of the Chinese species is D. 17,
A. 22. Houttuyn gives much too little descriptive detail to show what species he had
before him; but as his specimens were also Japanese, his Atherina japonica is better
referred to the species described by Schlegel; thus, the specimens described by me in
Fish., vol. vii. p. 390, require a distinct name, Hngraulis chinensis. Length of specimens,
34 to 5 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Kobé.

Conger marginatus, Val., Inland Sea of Japan. (Tail mutilated.)
Congromurena anago, Schleg., Market of Yokohama.

Congromuranda megastoma, n. sp.

The length of the head is two-thirds of that of the trunk, the tail being longer than
the body ; upper jaw much projecting beyond the lower, rather pointed ; mouth extend-
ing far behind the middle of the eye, which is large, two-ninths or one-fifth of the leneth
of the head, and nearly two-thirds of that of the snout ; posterior nostril a wide, round,
open aperture ; length of the pectoral fin one-third of that of the head ; the dorsal com-
mences above the root of the pectoral; vertical fins with a light margin; terminal portion
of the tail black, extremity of the fin white.

Spee, 153 in. © Spee. 11 in.
Distance of the snout from the root
of the pectoral, ; : 2 in. 4 lines. 1 in. 10 lines.
Distance of the snout from the
vent, . ; : : (Gy hy Wh Ay Shp
Length of tail, , , : Og sA uae Gane Ome

Length of specimens, 11 to 19 inches. Off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats.

Murenesox cinereus, Forsk., Kobé.

Tetrodon oblongus, Bl., Inland Sea, Japan, Kobé.

Tetrodon pardalis, Schlee., Market of Yokohama.

Tetrodon rubripes, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Market of Yokohama.

Monocanthus septentrionalis, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, vol. xiii. p. 158),
Inland Sea, Japan.

Monocanthus modestus, n. sp.
D. 36, A. 34. Skin velvety, without spines or bristles on the tail; the height of

the body is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal) ; upper
(ZOOL, CHALL. EXP.—PART v1.—1880.) F 10

74 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

profile of the head convex; the gill-opening extends downwards to the level of the
middle of the root of the pectoral. The dorsal spine is inserted above the posterior third
of the eye, and scarcely half as long as the head, or as its distance from the second
dorsal fin; it is armed with four series of very small barbs, the two front series being
very close together, The anterior half of the dorsal and anal fins elevated somewhat
higher than the dorsal spine; ventral spine fixed. Uniform brownish-grey; caudal
blackish, with the interradial membrane whitish and without any cross bands,
Length of specimen, 12 inches. Inland Sea, Japan.

Monacauthus setifer, Benn., Market at Yokohama.

SYSTEMATIC LIST.

SELACHOIDEI—
Carcharias obscurus, Les.,
Zygena malleus, Risso,
Scyllium chilense, Guich.,
Chiloscyllium indicum, Gm., .
Acanthias blainvilli, Risso,
-Spinax granulosus, D. sp.

BatoipEI—
Raja platana, nu. sp.,

Ceratodus miolepis, Gthr.,

Prrcipe—
Percalabrax japonicus, C. V.,
— Htelis, sp., . : C
Niphon spinosus, C. V.,

SERRANIDE—
Enoplosus armatus, White,
-Centropristis annularis, a. sp.,
5s pleurospilus, 0. sp.,
Anthias megalepis, n. sp.,
» sacer, Bl,

Propoma roseum, n. sp.,
-Bathyanthias roseus, 0. sp. .

PALMICHTHYES.
PLAGIOSTOMATA.
PAGE
Raja microps, V. sp.
5, 8 » eatoni, Gthr.,
. 58, 59 » murrayt, D. Sp.
19 » brachyura, vu. sp.,
51 » nitida, n. sp.,
23 Psammobatis rudis, Gthy.,
9 Trygon pastinaca, L.,

» kuhli, M. and H.,
~ Urolophus kaianus, n. sp.
11 Myliobatis aquila, L., .

DIPNOL

TELEOSTEI.

ACANTHOPTERYGII VERL

Serranus impetiginosus, M. and T.,

63 a apua, BLl.,
27 i hexagonatus, Forst.,
63 = diacanthus, C. V., .

dispar, Playf.,
octocinctus, Schleg.,

27 Plectropoma maculatum, Bl.,

6 Polyprion kneri, Steind.,
37 Rhypticus saponaceus, Bl. Schn.,
37 ri arenatus, C. V.,

3 Myriodon waigiensis, Q. and G.,
39 Mesoprion chrysurus, Bl.,

6 3 bengalensis, BL,

. 37,

Sra Tey ©

TIO w

Aawannrnwnbd we

w

THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

PAGE

Mesoprion fulviflamma, Forsk., 34, 58

es marginatus, C. V., 34

- semicinctus, Q and G., 34

es annularis, C. V., . 38

eS chrysotenia, Blkr., 38

Fe vitta, Q. and G., fa\65)

i monostigma, C. V., 56

Priacanthus benmebari, Schleg., 39

9 Spare tt

5 Spee 2

Ambassis marianus, 1. Sp., 32

Apogon savayensis, TL. Sp., 34

» - Monogramma, N. Sp., 38

» septemstriatus, D. sp., 38

» arafure, D. sp., 38

> lineatus, Schleg., : 63

Scombrops chilodipteroides, Biky., . 63

(1) Acropoma japonicum, Gthr., 38

. philippinense, n. sp., 51

Oligorus macquariensis, C. V., 32

Chenolates ambiquus, Rich., 32

Dules rupestris, Lac., : 34

» marginatus, C. V., 34, 58, 59

Therapon unicolor, Gthr., : 32

3 servus, L., . 34,139

A oxyrhynchus, Schleg., 34

i caudovittatus, Rich., 39

5 theraps, C. V., 52

Hemulon chrysargyreum, Gthr., 7

Hapalogenys mucronatus, Eyd. and Soul., 63

Diagramma pardale, C. V., 34

ra pictum, Thunb., 34

Gerves lefroyi, Goode, 10

» jonesi, Gthr., 5 10

» oyend, Forsk., . . 34, 58

» abbreviatus, Blky., 39

» macracanthus, Blkr., 56

Scolopsis bilineatus, Bl., 54

5 temporalis, C. V., 34

. monogramma, C. V., 52

Pentapus vitta, Q. and G., 39

Cesio tile, C. V., . 58
SQuAMIPINNES—

Cheetodon nesogallicus, C. V., 27

9 rafjlesi, Benn., 34

. vagubundus, L., 34

- modestus, Schleg., 63

Heniochus macrolepidotus, L., 34

Holacanthus cyanotis, Gthr.,
Pomacanthus paru, Bi.,
Drepane punctata, L.,
Hypsinotus rubescens, Gthr.,

Nanpipa—
Plesiops corallicola, Blkr.,

MvLiuipz—
Upeneus indicus, Shaw,
a trifasciatus, Lac.,
s barberinus, C. V.,
Upencoides vittatus, Forsk.,
3 bensasi, Schleg., .
” Sp.,
SPARID&

Haplodactylus punctatus, C. V.,
Sargus argenteus, C. V.,

» capensis, Smith,
Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., .

. ramak, Forsk.,
i moensi, Blkr.,
a hematopterus, Schleg.,

Spheerodon grandoculis, Forsk.,
Pagrus major, Schleg., .
» eardinalis, Lac.,
Chrysophrys australis, Gthy.,
; swinhonis, Gthr.,
Pimelepterus waigiensis, Q. and G.,
mn bosct, Lac.,

HopLeGNAtHipa—
Hoplegnathus fasciatus, Schleg.,

CirRHItipbz—
Cirrhites arcatus, C. V.,
Cirrhitichthys maculatus, Lac.,
Chilodactylus monodactylus, Carmich.,
e macropterus, Forst.,
x zonatus, C. V.,

ScorP#NIDE—
Sebastes kuhti, Bowd.,
i oculatus, C. 'V.,
ns percoides, Rich.,
t hevanema, 0. sp.
3 nematophthalmus, Gthy.,
rs marmoratus, C. V., .

. 34,

35

56

64

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.

Sebastes ventricosus, Schleg., .

3 oblongus, Ni. sp.,

‘A joynert, Gthr.,

a macrochir, D. Sp.

Scorpeena scrofa, L., .

plumiert, Bl.,
5 thomsoni, 1. sp.,
= cruenta, Sol., ‘
An zanzibarensis, Playf.,
) cirrhosa, Thunb., .
5p nuchalis, Gthr., .
miostoma, D. Sp.

Lioscorpius longiceps, n. sp., «
Zanclorhynchus spinifer, DV. sp.
Pterots zebra,C. V., . 5
» lunulata, Schleg.,

Centropogon australis, White,

5 robustus, Gthr., .
Tetraroge longispinis, C. V., .
Synanceia verrucosa, Bl., c
Minous pictus, 0. sp.,

TEUTHIDIDE—
Teuthis concatenata, C. V.,

» vermiculata, C. V.,
margaritifera, C. V.,
marmorata, Q. and G.,
» hevagonata, Blkr., .

Brerycoma—
Beryx splendens, Lowe,
Trachichthys intermedius, Hect.,
Holocentrum sancti-pauli, n. sp.,

iS longipinne, C. V.,
Ps spiniferum, Forsk.,
Myripristis murdjan, Forsk.,
3 kaianus, 0. sp.,
PoLyNemMIDE—

Polynemius sexfilis, C. V.,
Galeoides polydactylus, Vahl.,

Scrayipy—
Micropogon ornatus, n. sp.,
BS undulatus, L.,
Umbrina reedi, n. sp., .
Scicena sina, C. V., i
Corvina australis, D. sp., .

PAGE

64
64
64
65

59

‘
PAGE
Otolithus guatucupa, C. V., . ; ; 12
Aneylodon atricauda, n. sp., . : : 12
TRIcHIURIDE—
Trichiurus lepturus, L., : : ; 66
Thyrsites atun, Euphr., 2 : : 24
ACRONURIDE—
Acanthurus triosteyus, L., 35
3 blochi, C. V., 35, 56, 59
5 hepatus, L., 52
5 gahm, Forsk., 35
5 rhombeus, Kittl., 35
7 sp. (Acronurus), . 58
Naseus marginatus, C. V., 35
Prionurus scalprum, Langsd., 66
Carancipz—
Trachurus trachurus, L., . 24, 66

Caranx crumenophthalmus, Bl., 3, 56, 59

3 ascensionis, Forst., . , ee
3 caballus, Gthr., : : : 10
5 georgianus,C. V., . : : 24
3 speciosus, Forsk., 35, 43
5 armatus, Forsk., ; ; ; 43
- hippos, L., . . 58, 59
% muroadst, Schleg., . : ; 66
Argyreiosus setipinnis, Mitch., : : 3
Chorinemus toloo, C. V., : : : 44
Lichia glauea, 1.., : : : a 565 5)
Trachynotus ovatus, L., : : : 44
Psettus argenteus, L., . A ; : 35
Platax orbicularis, Forsk., 730% 0b
Psenes anomalus, Schles., . F ; 66
Equula fasciata, Lac., 35, 52
» dussumieri, C. V., . : : 52
» nuchalis, Schleg., . ‘ : 66
CyrripE—
Cyttus abbreviatus, Hect., . ‘ : 26
Zeus japonicus, C. VV. . : : 66
SrRoMATEIDA—

or
v

Stromateus argenteus, Bl.,

CoryYPH@NIDE—
Brama rai, Bl, . ; ; ; : 66

ScromMBRIDE—
Cybium niphonium, C. V., . : ¢ 66

78 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

PAGE
‘TRACHINIDA— Platycephalus rudis, 0. sp.
Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus, Steind., 43 sp., .
” kaianus, D. 8p., 43 Prionotus punctatus, Bl.,
” asper, Schleg., 66 Lepidotrigha spiloptera, n. sp.,
Percis colias, Forst., 26 Fe phalena, C. V.,
», allporti, Gthr., . 28 % microptera, Gthr.,
», hexophthalma, C. V., 35 Trigla picta, n. sp.,
» seafasciata, Schleg., 66 » leptacanthus, n. sp.,
Acanthaphritis grandisquamis, 0. sp., 43
a ph Pie gobto, Cube, 7 CAvAPHRACTI—-
Sullago ciiata, C. V., 42 Agonus chiloensis, Jen.,
” shame, Forsk,, 56 Peristethus truncatum, 0. sp.,
pd CECI O, Schleg., 66 * moluccense, Blky.,
Eleginus maclovinus, C. V., 21 ; .
: is a MUTTAY?, D. SP.y
Percophis brazilianus, Q. and G., 15

Champsodon vorax, Gthr.,

56

A liorhynchus, Gthr.,
Dactylopterus volitans, L.,

Cheenichthys rhinoceratus, Rich., 16 ERAT AG UAV:
Latilus jugularis, C. V., ; . 24 ss : aur saws,
» argentatus, C. V., 66
Opisthognathus macrolepis, Ptrs., 52 Gosimz— F
Notothenia cyaneobrancha, Rich., 16 Ces ELSE C.V.,.
, ne 16 oF phalena, Caer
As squamifrons, D. SP. 16 2 OIE ©. Me,
fs acuta, D. 8p., 17 » Oynoensis, Bich:
marionensis, TL. Sp. 17 4 DNS UD Pe
a longipes, Steind., 21 se (GDN Eat F.
- elegans, Ni. Sp., 2] ” OES IS Riipp.,
Harpagifer bispinis, Forst., 17 By AEE IB Les,
», stamineus, Val.,
BatTRACcHIDE— 5, sandvicensis, D. Sp.
Batrachus diemensis, Les., 44 5, yokohame, Nn. sp.,
Porichthys porosus, C. V., 25 5 hewanema, Blkr.,

PEDICULATI—
Lophius naresi, 0. sp.,

», jflavimanus, Schleg.,
Euctenogobius ophthalmonema, Blkx.,
Apocryptes polyophthalmus, Gthr.,

» setigerus, Wahl, 66 ge: é
Brachionichthys hirsutus, Lac., 28 Sicydium ni GTESCETES, DEED:
Tetrabrachium ocellatum, n. sp., 45 reine (fry).
Antennarius multiocellatus, C. V., 5 Lentipes concolor, Gill.,
Ss marmoratus, Gthr., 44 22 seminudus, D. Age
Malthe vespertilio, L., 7 Periophthalmus schlosseri, Pall.,

CoTtTip£—

Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., 33, 41, 55,

fH keelreuteri, Schn., .
Eleotris compressa, Kreftt.,
5, macrolepidota, BL,

an malabaricus, C. V., 41 » fused, Bl. Schn.,

5 isacanthus, C. V., 41 » longipinnis, Benn.,

65 sculptus, 1. Sp., 41 3, sinensis, Lac.,

3 spinosus, Schleg., 42 Trypauchen vagina, Bl.,

3 pristiger, C. V., 42 % chinensis, Steind.,

- japonicus, Tiles., 55 Callionymus calauropomus, Rich., .
a punctatus, C. V., 66 phasis, DQ. Sp.,

bo

PAGE
66
52
13
42,
28
67
24
42

bo

i aoe
Dw bd owe

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.

Callionymus lunatus, Schleg.,

D longicaudatus, Schleg.,
br kaianus, n. sp.,
"7, ” a ra
5 curvicornis, C. V.,
TrRICHONOTIDE—

Hemerocetes acanthorhynchus, Forst.,

HETEROLEPIDINA—
Chirus hecagrammus, Pall., .
Agramimus schlegeli, Gthr.,

BLENNIDE—

Blennius tasmanianus, Rich.,

5 sanguinolentus, Pall.,
Petroscirtes oualanensis, 0. sp.,

H Hy 6

Blennophis webbi, Val.,
Clinus microcirrhis, C. V.,
Tripterygium, sp. c
Centronotus nebulosus, Schleg.,

SPHYRENIDE—
Sphyrena vulgaris, C. V.,

ATHERINIDE—
Atherina lacunosa, Forst.,
Atherinichthys brevianalis, n. sp. .
nigrans, Bich.,

PAGE

. 28, 67

44
44

. 53, 55

Mov.emip1—
Mugil cephalus, Cuv.,
» cephalotus, C. V.,
» waigiensis, Q. and G.,
» kelaarti, Gthr., .
» tonge@, 0. sp.,
5, dobula, Gthr.,
9 joyneri, Gthr.,
Myzxus elongatus, Gthr.,

FistuLariDa—
Fistularia serrata, Bl, .
op depressa, L. Sp.

CENTRISCIDE—
Amphisile scutata, L.,

GOBIESOCIDE—
Chorisochismus dentex, Pall.,
Lepadogaster gouani, Barnev.,

OPHIOCEPHALID —
Ophiocephalus vagus, Ptrs.,
5 maculatus, Lac.,

LaByrInTHICIN—
Spirobranchus capensis, C. V.,

NotacantHI—
Notacanthus sexspinis, Rich.,

ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATHI.

PoMAcENTRIDE—
Glyphidodon saxatilis, L.,
A xanthozona, Blkr.,
y assimilis, Gthr.,
- septemfasciatus, C. V.,
" sordidus, Frsk.,

Dascyllus albisella, Gill.,
Pomacentrus scolopsis, Q. and G., .
Heliastes flavicauda, n. sp.,

9» TOSCUS, D. SP.,

Labrip£—
Cherops cyanodon, Rich.,
i ommopterus, Rich.,

Aiphochilus quadrimaculatus, 0. sp.,
Cossyphus rufus, Ll, «

4, 5
36
36

Labrichthys celidota, Forst., .

n bothryocosmus, Rich., .
Duymeria flagellifera, C. V.,
Chilinus trilobatus, Lae.,

» chlorurus, Bl.,
Platyglossus cyanostigma, C. V.,

_ trimaculatus, Q. and G.,
Pr pecilopterus, Schleg.,
3 pyrrhogramma, Schleg.

Julis ascensionis, Q. and G., .

» dorsalis, Q. and G.,

» obscura, Nn. sp. A
Gomphosus tricolor, Q and G.,
Scarus chrysopterus, Bl,
Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V.,

m microrhinus, Blkr.,

79

PAGE

oo
St ww

OS SD Or Ore
wm eH © Oo

14

80 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER.

ANACANTHINI.
PAGE
Lycopipz&— Pseudorhombus russelli, Gray,
Lycodes macrops, i. Sp., : : : 21 mh cinnamomeus, Schleg.,
H ocellatus, D. Sp.,
GADIDE— 6 olivaceus, Schleg., .
Halargyreus johnsoni, Gthr., . , : 26 * pentophthalmus, Gthr.,
Merluceius gayi, Guich., : : . 22, 25 Rhomboidichthys podas, De la Roche,
Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., A . 26, 28 i. cornutus, D. Sp.,
Lemonema longifilis, D. sp... ; : 13 - angustifrons, D. SPp.,
Bregmaceros macclellandi, Thomps., F 53 e spilurus, D. Sp.
PA pavo, Blkr.,
OPpaIDIIDE— » pantherinus, Riipp.,
Ophidium murenolepis, 0. Sp., : é 46 5 sp.,
Genypterus chilensis, Guich., . ; : 25 Thysanopsetta narest, N. sp, .
Murenolepis marmoratus, D. Sp... : 18 Lophonectes gallus, n. sp.;
Congrogadus subducens, Rich., : ; 46 Pleuronectes variegatus, Schleg.,
3 yokohame, D. sp.,
Macruripi&— Parophrys cornuta, Schleg.,
Coryphenoides denticulatus, Rich., : 26 Leeops parviceps, 1. Sp.,
Macruronus nove-zealandie, Hect., 5 22 Nematops microstoma, n. sp.,
Solea heterorhina, Blkr.,
PLEURONECTIDE— » kaiana, 0. sp.
Hippoglossoides dentatus, Mitch., . : 3 », ovata, Rich.,
Pecilopsetta colorata, 1. sp., - : : 48 Synaptura zebra, Bl.,
Arnoglossus aspilus, Bikr., . : ; 47 on arafurensis, D. Sp.
os tenuis, D. Sp. - : : 55 Aphoristia ornata, Lac.,
Anticitharus polyspilus, 0. sp., : : 48 Cynoglossus kopsi, Blkr.,
Brachypleura nove-zealandie, Gthr., — . 49 i" puncticeps, Rich.,
Lepidopsetta maculata, D. sp., : é 18 ¥ melampetalus, Rich.,
Samaris maculatus, N. Sp... : c 47 rs interruptus, D. Sp.
Pseudorhombus boops, Hect., : : 26 5 joyneri, Gthy.,
PHYSOSTOMI.
SILURInDE— Saurus intermedius, Agass.,
Copidoglanis tandanus, Mitch, — . : 33 5, katanus, D. sp., . :
FA hyrtli, Steind., . : : 33 Saurida grandisquamis, Gthr.,
Cnidoglanis megastoma, Rich., 3 : 30 a) argyrophanes, Rich.,
nudiceps, D. SP. « : ; 49 % tumbil, Bl.,
Silurus asotus, L., é : ‘ : 71 Photichthys argenteus, Hutt.,
Arius commersont, Lac., : : : 13 Harpodon microchir, Gthr.,
» australis, Gthr., . : : . 33 Aulopus japonicus, D. Sp.
HaPLocuIToNIpbE—
Haplochiton zebra, Jen., ; A ; 93 | SALMoNIDA—
Salmo macrostoma, Nn. sp.,
ScorpELipa— Plecoglossus altivelis, Schleg.,
Saurus varius, Lat... , 6 j 36 Salanx microdon, Blkr.,

PAGE

. 46, 53

. 47,

. 53,

5D

53

55

72

aa
we

REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES.

ScomBresocipa—
Belone trachura, C. V.,.
» Jones’, Goode,
» annulata, C. V.,
5, strongylurus, Blkr.,
» liuroides, Blkr., .
Hemirhamphus vittatus, Val.,

3 commersont, Cuv.,
a quoyi, C. V.,.
7 sajort, Schleg.,

Arrhamphus selerolepis, Gthr.,

CyprinoDoNTIDE—
Fundulus bermude, Gthr.,

CYPRINIDE—
Cyprinus auratus, L.,
Barbus afer, Ptrs.,
» maculatus, C. V.,
97 Spy
Rasbora phiinnines . sp.,
Leuciscus hakuensis, n. sp.,
Achilognathus melanogaster, Blky.,

Misqurnus anguillicaudatus, Gant,

CLUPEIDE—
Engraulis japonica, Houtt.,
5 olida, Gthr.,
Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., .
(ete &

SYNGNATHIDE—
Syngnathus pelagicus, Osb.,
‘6 superciliaris, 1. sp.,

Urocampus celorhynchus, Gthr.,
Doryichthys brachyurus, Blky.,

ScLERODERMI—
Triacanthodes anomalus, Schleg.,
Balistes forcipatus, Gm.,
5 buniva, Lac.,
» vetula, L.,
» stellatus, Lac.,
» fuscus, Bl, Schn.,

. CHALL, EXP.—PART viI.—1880.)

PAGE |
| Clupea sagaz, Jen.,
5] 5 tembang, Blkr.,

10 | » moluccensis, Blkr.,

36, 50 | Albula conorhynchus, Bl. Schn.,

50 Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss.,

57 Chanos sulmoneus, Forst.,

3 Chirocentrus dorab, Forsk..,
36, 50

50 | Muraznipa—

72 Anguilla mauritiana, Benn.,

33 5 aneitensis, Gthr.,
Conger marginatus, Val.,
Congromurana anago, Schleg.,

10 5 megastoma, 0. sp.,
Murcenesox cinereus, Forsk.,

| (2) Murenichthys gymnotus, Blkr.,
55, 72 | Ophichthys dicellurus, Rich.,

14 - maculosus, Cuv.,

53 Murena moringua, Cuv.,

14 5 porphyrea, Guich.,

54 > polyuranodon, Blky.,

72 ee richardsoni, Blkr.,

72 . nebulosa, Abl.,

72 op Jlavomarginata, Riipp.,

, sp.
” Sp., 0

72 Enchelycore nigricans, Bona

13

33 | PEGasIpaA—

33 Pegasus natans, L.,

LOPHOBRANCHIL.
| Doryichthys pleurotenia, u. sp.,
hie Solenognathus fasciatus, a. sp.,

30 Phyllopteryx teniophorus, Gray,

30 Mippocampus gquttulatus, Cuv.,

36 “ villosus, 1. Sp.,

PLECTOGNATHI.
| Balistes aculeatus, L.,
50, 5, verrucosus, Bl. Sohn:

x maculatus, Gi.,
Monacanthus setifer, Benn.,

"4 scriptus, Osb.,
ie occidentalis, Gthr.,
33 penicillagerus. Cuv.,

433;

33, 36,

> ll

F 11

. 54,

82

THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER.

Monacanthus longirostris, Cuv.,

3 Jilicauda, un. sp.,
a pardalis, Riipp.,
x tessellatus, 0. Sp.,
a5 conveaxirostris, Gthr.,

x modestus, D. Sp.,
Ostracion quadricornis, L.,
» cornutus, L., .
STCLLOLCUS; le

Myxine australis, Jen.,
Bdellostoma cirrhatum, Forst.,

septentrionalis, Gthr.,

PAGE |
50 | GyMNoDONTES—
50 | Tetrodon honckeni, Bl.,
54 | a5 nigropunctatus, Bl.,
54 | Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl. Schn., .
27 53 putoca, H. B.,
dideent a oblongus, Bl.,
73 | a pardalis, Schleg.,
: 8 | rubripes, Schleg.,
oO mSOme| Chilomycterus orbicularis, Bl.,
; 36 Diodon hystrix, L.,
CYCLOSTOMATA.
23 Bdellostoma polytrema, Giv.,
14, 27

PAGE

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