)^r

REESE LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY- OF CALIFORNIA.
Class

v-t

J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND

REPORTS OF THE

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS

TO PATAGONIA, 1896-1899

J. B. HATCHER

IN CHARGE

EDITED BY

WILLIAM B. SCOTT

BLAIR PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

VOLUME VIII, 2

BOTANY

OF THE

{ UNIVERSITY 1

PRINCETON, N. J.
THE UNIVERSITY

STUTTGART

SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE)
1903-6

J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND

REPORTS OF THE

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS TO PATAGONIA

1896- 1899

VOLUME VIII, 2

BOTANY ' •

V. FLORA PATAGONICA

(CONCLUDED)

VI. ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES

T

VII. COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

VIII. TOPOGRAPHY
IX. CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA

BY GEORGE MACLOSKIE

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

PRINCETON, N. J.

THE UNIVERSITY

STUTTGART

SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE)
1903-6

DRESS or

THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.

MACLOSKIE I ROSACE/E. 467

few-flowered, nearly as long as the leaf. Terminal leaflets 14 mm. long.
N. Patagon.; Chiloe I. (Chili; Peru). Chubut, by Carren-leofu.

2. CALDCLUVIA Don.

Low tree, with terete, opposite branches, these, the petioles and the in-
florescence tomentillous. Leaves simple, opposite, coriaceous, petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, gland-serrate, nervose, with large, leafy subfalcate,
serrate stipules. Flowers small, white, 4-5-merous ; in large, long-pedun-
cled, densely flowered, axillary panicles, calyx 4~5-partite, witn valvate
lobes. Petals inserted under a hypogynous disk ; lance-linear, unguicu-
late. Stamens 8-10 exsert, anthers didymous. Ovary free, 2-celled, 2-
beaked and styled. Ovules numerous, pendulous. Embryo in axis of
fleshy endosperm.

Only species.

C. PANICULATA (Cav.) Don.

(Chilian thickets); W. Patagon.
Characters of genus.

Family 5 i . ROSACES. The Rose Family.

Trees, shrubs or herbs, commonly with alternate, stipulate leaves, and
regular, perfect flowers. Calyx free from, or adnate to, the ovary, 5-(rarely
4~9-)lobed, sometimes with bracteoles. Petals as many, perigynous, or
rarely none. Stamens mostly numerous, perigynous. Carpels 5-many,
rarely fewer, distinct or connate. Fruit achenes, drupes, or pomes. Seeds
normally without endosperm.

Species 1,200, cosmopolitan.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Carpels 5-2 (or 12-1) verticillate, either on a special receptacle or immersed in the persisting

axis, each with 2-00 seeds. Filaments from a broad basis, smaller upwards. Sepals often

obsolete. Fruit of follicles free or connate. Seeds wingless, coriaceous or wrinkled.

Stamens perigynous. Mostly shrubs. i . Spircsa, p. 468.

Az. Carpels 5-2, connate with the inner wall of the hollow, floral axis, and with each other,

becoming in fruit a fleshy pome.

b. Carpels several seeded, the seeds in two series. 2. Cydonia, p. 468.

b2. Carpels 2-seeded. Floral axis pyriform to globular. 3. Pyrus, p. 469.

AT,. Carpels few or many, on a disk, distinct, each 1-2 ovuled, becoming i-seeded achenes or

drupelets.
b. Floral axis flat or convex. Filaments narrowjng from a broad base.

468 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c. Carpels 2-ovuled, becoming a mass of drupelets. No outer calyx.

4. Rubus, p. 469.

C2. Carpels i-ovuled, becoming achenes. Mostly an outer calyx.
d. Seeds pendulous. Achenes nut-like ; style deciduous.

e. Carpel-bearing receptacle becoming large and juicy. 5. Fragaria, p. 470.
<?2. Carpel-bearing receptacle little enlarged in fruit, dry and colorless.

6. Potentilla, p. 470.
d2. Seeds erect. Style usually persisting. Flowers 5-merous. Receptacle flat.

7. Geum, p. 471.

b2. Floral axis goblet-shaped, completely enclosing the 2-more carpels, usually hardening in
fruit. Filaments with slender base, not narrowing above. Sepals 4, rarely 3 or 5. Petals
none. Stamens sometimes few or 1-2 ; carpels few.
c. Outer calyx leaves 4-5, alternating with the sepals. Style basal. Carpels 1-4.

Leaves broad, simple, usually lobed. 8. Alchemilla, p. 472.

c2. No outer calyx, nor petals. Floral axis spiniferous in fruit, but not a circle of spines.

Leaves often pinnately divided.

d. Spines small and short, i under each sepal. Carpel I. Flowers small, solitary,
axillary. Fruit a white berry. Small shrubs. 9. Margyricarpus, p. 473.

d2. As Margyricarpus, but fruit dry, 4-winged. 10. Tetraglochin, p. 474.

d$. Spines on the angles of the fruit, or only I strong barbed spine under each sepal.
Carpels 2. Flowers in erect spikes or heads. Mostly herbs.

1 1. Acczna, p. 475.

A^. Carpels solitary, not adnate to the hollowed receptacle. Styles terminal. Ovary with 2
pendulous ovules, becoming a drupe. Trees or shrubs, with simple stipulate leaves.

12. Prunus, p. 485.

i. SPIRAEA Linn.

Shrubs or herbs, usually with pinnately divided leaves, and racemose
or paniculate, perigynous fawers, 4— 5-lobed calyx, 4—5 petals, and 20—60
stamens, with didymous anthers. Carpels 1-8, mostly 5, not united.
Ovules 2-many. Follicles usually dehiscing by one suture.

Species 60, chiefly in N. Temperate parts of Old World ; a few in W.
Amer.

S. MAGELLANICA Poir.

Leaves petiolate, exstipulate, lanceolate, unequally serrate, nervose.
Racemes terminal, subsimple. Flowers white.

Magellan.

(The only representative of the genus in the S. Hemisphere. S. ar-
gentea is in New Granada.)

2. CYDONIA Tourn. Quince.

Beautiful shrubs, with simple, deciduous leaves and large, scarcely ped-
unded flowers. Stamens 20 or more. Carpels 5, with numerous seeds

MACLOSKIE I ROSACES. 469

in 2 rows. Styles united at the base. Fruit a pome, large, firm when
ripe, strongly fragrant.

" Differs from Pynts only by the ovary-cells having several ovules, and
the testa, in European species, being mucilaginous." (Benth. & Hook.)

Species 3.

CYDONIA CYDONIA (Linn, sub Pynts} Karst. (C. mdgaris Pers.)
Leaves entire, at first tomentose underneath. Flowers standing singly
on leafy branches, rather large, mild red. Calyx-lobes serrate, persisting
on top of the woolly, afterwards smooth, yellowish pomes.

(Natives of S. Europe and Orient; and cultivated) ; Patagon. (doubt-
less introduced).

3. PYRUS Linn. Apple.

Usually trees, with simple leaves and large white or pink flowers in
simple, terminal cymes. Calyx adnate to ovary, urn-shaped, 5-lobed.
Petals 5, rounded. Ovary inferior, of 2-5 united carpels, mostly with
distinct styles. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Fruit a pome.

Species 35, N. Temperate Hemisphere.

P. MALUS Linn. Apple. (Mahts mains Brit).

Leaves pubescent underneath, subcordate at base. Pome globose, 5-8
cm. in diameter, without grit-cells.

Valley of Upper Limay, Patagon., cultivated. Said to have been in-
troduced by Spanish missionaries ; it now forms groves and forests,
flourishing in N. Patagon., in two varieties, sweet and tart. " Leaves
biserrate, velvety beneath." (J. Ball.) "Common in all the preandine
region between Lago Nahuel-huapi and Carren-leofu." (Speg.)

4. RUBUS Linn. Blackberry.

Shrubs, mostly prickly, with lobed or pinnate leaves, and adnate stip-
u/es. Calyx not bracted, deeply 5-partite, its tube broad. Fruit usually
consisting of numerous drupelets on an elongated receptacle.

Species 200, N. Temperate; also represented in the Cape, Australia
and New Zealand; but very rare in S. Amer., or Fuegia.

R. GEOIDES Smith.

Creeping, with trifid or ternate leaves, having a large, ovate terminal
lobe, serrate, the lateral lobes small, or wanting, or joined to the terminal.

470 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Peduncle scape-like, i -flowered, the flower yellow, and the fruit scarlet
and pleasant. "One of the few esculents of these parts."
Magellan ; S. Fuegia to Cape Horn. Falklands.

5. FRAGARIA Linn. Strawberry.

Perennial, stemless herbs, propagating by runners, with petiolate, tri-
foliolate leaves having sheathing stipules, and white flowers racemed on
naked scapes. Calyx 5-lobed, with 5 outer bracteoles. Stamens many,
perigynous. Achenes many, on a large pulpy receptacle.

Species I5X N. Temperate Zone of both hemispheres, and the Andes.

F. CHILENSIS Ehrh.

Rootstock large. Densely silky, except on the upper surface of the
short-petioled leaves. Leaflets orbicular-ovate, or obovate, coarsely cre-
nate, their teeth cuspidate.

(Chili): Chonos Archip., and Northwards; Patagon., Chubut.

F. VESCA Linn.

Not very villous. Leaflets ovate, obtuse, cuneate. Hairs of peduncles
widely spreading ; of pedicels appressed. Scape longer than leaves.
(Eur., nat. in N. Amer.) ; Fuegia, Ushuaia.

6. POTENTILLA Linn.

. Herbs or shrubs, with digitate or pinnate leaves, and cymose or soli-
tary, mostly yellow flowers. Calyx-tube broad, 5-lobed, and 5-bracteo-
late. (Flowers occasionally 4-merous.) Stamens numerous. Achenes
numerous on a dry receptacle.

Species 150, of N. Temperate Zone, with few in S. Amer. The fol-
lowing is introduced.

P. ANSERINA Linn. Silver-weed.

Herb, spreading by runners. Stipules membranous. Leaves petioled,
pinnate ; leaflets 7-25, oblong-lanceolate or obovate, obtuse, the lower
generally smaller, all serrate ; smooth above, silky beneath. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, i -flowered. Petals broad, exceeding the ovate-acute
calyx-lobes. Achenes glabrous.

MACLOSKIE: ROSACE^E. 471

Chonos Archip. and Temperate regions, N. and S. ; N. Patagon., very
rare by streams near Nahuel-huapi. (Speg.)

7. GEUM Linn.

Perennial herbs, with pinnate or pinnately-divided leaves, the basal
leaves larger than the others. Calyx 5-lobed, with as many bracteoles.
Petals 5, yellow to purplish, exceeding the calyx, stamens numerous, on
the calycine disk. Carpels numerous, on the dry receptacle. Style fili-
form, sometimes abruptly bent, or plumose in fruit.

Species 36, in temperate zones, N. and S. ; some arctic.

Section Sieversia, regarded by some as a distinct genus, has the whole
style persisting on the achenes.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Flowers white, small.

b. Leaves interruptedly pinnatisect ; terminal lobe large.

Trifid bract subtending the thick pedicel. paruiflorum.

b2. Leaves pinnate ; floral leaves in an involucre. involucratunt.

A2. Flowers yellow.

b. Leaves pinnatisect ; terminal lobes large. chiloense.

/. r> j- t i -,.Lji- f magellanicum,

02. Radical leaves interruptedly pinnate. < f

\ urbanum.

i. G. CHILOENSE Balb. (G. chilense Lindl.)

Leaves irregularly pinnatisect, crenate ; the terminal lobes rounded,
much exceeding the others.

Chili; Chiloe I; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi; by Rio Sta.
Cruz; Punta Arenas. (Perhaps a var. of G. urbanum L.) "Flowers
yellow, subsessile or long-pedicelled." (Speg.)

2. G. INVOLUCRATUM JuSS.

Leaves pinnate ; the outermost rotundate-crenate. Floral leaves as an
involucre. Scape, 5-peduncled ; naked below, and leafy under the sub-
capitate flowers. Corolla white, shorter than the calyx.

Magellan.

*

3. G. MAGELLANICUM Comm. (=G. urbanum Index Kewensis; see No. 5

below).

Leaves pinnate ; the outermost divisions very large and lobed ; the lower
very small. Scape elongate. It grows with G. involncratum ; but its
lateral leaves are much smaller, and with very small leaves interposed.

472 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia.

4. GEUM PARVIFLORUM Comm. ex Smith. (G. magellanicum Lech, non

Comm., Sieversia albiflora Hook, f.)

Stem few-flowered, tomentose. Leaves hairy, interruptedly pinnatisect,
crenate, the terminal lobe large, rounded, obscurely 5-lobed, the stipules
dissected. Pedicels thickened, with a basal trifid bract. Flowers nod-
ding; calyx-lobes erect, equalling the white petals. Styles deflexed,
hooked, the appendage as long.

Magellan; Fuegia, alpine at Ushuaia. "Like a small G. urbanum but
the flowers differ."

5. G. URBANUM Linn. (Including No. 3 supra. G. magellanicum Comm.)

Stem branching, hairy, erect. Radical leaves quinate-pinnatisect ; the
cauline ternate-palmatisect ; the lobes ovate, crenate-dentate ; the upper-
most i-lobed, ovate. Stipules large, suborbicular. Calyx-segments re-
flexed. Petals ovate, rather large, yellow. Achenial head spherical.
Styles glabrous, hooked.

(N. Temperate Zone and N. Zeal.); Magellan, Fuegia, S. Patagon., at
head of Rio Chico. (J. B. Hatcher.)

J. D. Hooker states that the Magellan plant shows great variations ;
petals of the wild specimens being often yellow, and twice as large as the
sepals ; while in garden specimens the petals are much larger and red or
scarlet. The leaves also differ greatly. Index Kewensis relegates the
Magellan and N. Zealand forms to the Old-World G. urbanum.

8. ALCHEMILLA Linn. (Alchimilla Tournef.)

Herbs, with lobed or digitate leaves, adnate stipules, and small green-
ish clustered flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, contracted at the throat, 4-5-
lobed, 4-5-bracteolate. Petals none. Stamens 1-4, short. Carpels 1-4,
styles basal or lateral, becoming achenes enclosed in the persistent calyx.

Species 35, Europe, mountains of Africa and of W. Amer., from
British Columbia to Chili.

A. ARVENSIS Sm.

Stems branched, leafy. Leaves trifid, pubescent ; lobes cuneate,
deeply cut. Stipules large. Flowers sessile, axillary.

MACLOSKIE : ROSACE^E. 473

(Europe) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

ALCHEMILLA TRIPARTITA Ruiz & Pav.

Cespitose. Leaves palmately 3-5-partite ; their segments cuneiform,
incised-serrate, or few-cleft upwards. Stipules sheathing, 2-4-cleft.
Flowers cymulose, terminal on the branches. Perigonium 8-cleft, its
tube appressed, pubescent, its segments glabrous, the outer 4 smaller.
Polymorphous.

(Venezuela and southwards) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge, and
Rio Sta. Cruz.

9. MARGYRICARPUS Ruiz. & Pav.

Branching shrubs, with crowded, imbricate leaves of two forms (some
unequally pinnate, rigid or spinescent, enclosing simple leaves in their
axils), and having sessile, solitary flowers in the axils. Calyx 4-5-merous.
/fefc&none. Stamens 1-2. Carpel \, inferior, i -seeded. Fruit berry-like.

Species 8, in S. Amer., andine.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Fruit not winged.

b\. Fruit trigonal, not armed ; leaflets linear. patagonicus.

b2. Fruit a white berry.

c. Leaves bipinnate, with spinescent rachis ; segments linear. pinnatus.

c2. Plant more prostrate and robust. Leaflets short, subequal. microphyllus.

A2. Fruit with 2 rigid broad wings, and intermediate pointed tubercles. Leaflets woolly.

clarazii.
A$. Fruits 3-4-winged. Leaves with spinescent petioles. (Tetraglochin.)

b. Leaflets small, ovate, setiferous. (T. ameghinoi.')

b2. Leaflets long-oblong, mucronate. Wings of fruit broad. (T. alatu s.)

£3. Fruit tetragonal, angles spiniferous. Leaflets minute, subcordate. (T. acanthocarpus.)

I. M. CLARAZII J. Ball.

Small, with leaflets woolly underneath the adnate stipules, fimbriate-
ciliate ; calyx silky. Fruit having 2 rigid pointed wings, with 2-3 inter-
mediate, pointed tubercles. (The wings twice as large as the diameter
of the fruit.)

Patagon. at Rio Chubut and southward.

2. M. MICROPHYLLUS Nied.

Near M. pinnatus, but prostrate and more robust. Rachis tomentose,
rigid, subspinescent. Leaflets shorter and more equal.
N. Patagon.

474 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

3. MARGYRICARPUS PATAGONICUS Speg. (M. setosus patagonicus Speg.)

*

Prostrate, cespitose shrub, unarmed. Young branches long, densely
leafy, in the axils of old, dry leaves. Leaves glabrous, odd-pinnate ; the
lea/lets linear, acute, entire, revolute. Fruit trigonal, not winged, obo-
vate, solitary in the axils.

Patagon., by Rio Negro ; mouth of Rio Chubut ; Golfo de San Jorge;
R. de Sta. Cruz.

4. M. PINNATUS O. Ktze. (M. setosus Ruiz. & Pav.)

A lowf stiff bush with pinnate leaves, and linear, pinnate leaflets.
Flowers axillary, inconspicuous. Fruit a white berry, edible, at least in
some varieties.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, and over most of the Andes. " Yerba de
la perdiz." The "tinamou" eats it; and the natives call it the Silio
Labuez or partridge-remedy. (J. Ball.)

10. TETRAGLOCHIN Poepp. (Saepissime sub Margyricarpus}.

Floral axis in the fruit dry, with 4 wings.

Species 3, Chili and Patagonia. (See key under Margyricarpus.}

i. T. ACANTHOCARPUS Speg. (Margyricarpus acanthocarpus Speg.)

Diffuse, densely branching shrub. Branches apically leafy with dense,
glabrous, sheathing leaves, ciliate at their opening, odd pinnate. Leaflets
2-4 pairs, subopposite, minute, glabrous, subcordate, ovate. Flowers in
3's, sessile on apex of the peduncles, not exceeding the leaves, with
broad, ovate, ciliate bracts. Sepals glabrous, elliptical-oblong. Fruit
coriaceous, hispid-velvety, elliptic or ovate, tetragonal, with stout horizon- .
tal reddish spines on the angles.

Over all eastern Patagon. between Rio Chubut and Rio Sta. Cruz and
Golfo de San Jorge.

Variable as to leaves, fruit and villosity. Spegazzini gives the follow-
ing forms or varieties.

(1) typica; leaves glabrous; fruits not wmged, white.

(2) macropoda; peduncles long, otherwise as (i).

(3) lasiocarpa ; fruit villous, broad-winged.

MACLOSKIE : ROSACES. 475

(4) dasycarpa ; leaves silky ; fruit velvety, winged.

(5) leiocarpa ; leaves pilosulous ; fruit glabrous, winged, spinescent.

2. TETRAGLOCHIN ALATUM Gill. (T. strictum Pcepp.)

Fruticose, strict. Petioles very spinescent, broad at base. Young
shoots very short, leafy ; leaflets basally adnate, long-oblong, mucronate,
revolute. Fruit with 3-4 broad, membranaceous wings.

(Bolivia); Patagon. In lofty mountains and pastures of the Andes.
The wood is collected by travellers crossing the Andes.

3. T. AMEGHINOI Speg. (Margyricarpus Ameghinoi Speg.)

Strict undershrub, with subspinescent, spreading petioles, and short,
leafy, axillary branchlets. Petiole very short, with ciliate pericladium.
Leaf odd-pinnate, leaflets minute, subopposite, sessile, ovate, sharply setif-
erous, margin revolute ; the lowest remote, entire ; the upper approximate,
2-3-partite. Fruits solitary, sessile at the axils, glabrous, shining ;
3-winged.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Lago Musters ; N. Patagon., by
Lago Nahuel-huapi.

u. AOENA Vahl.

Herbs, often woody at base, glabrous or silky, often with erect scape-
like floriferous stems, of the habit of Sanguisorba. Leaves unequally pin-
nate, with adnate stipules. Flowers in heads, or interruptedly spicate,
green or reddish, bracted. Calyx-tube constricted at the throat, per-
sistent ; calyx-lobes 3-4. Petals none. Stamens 1-3, rarely more, in
the calyx-throat. Carpels 2. Fruit-head armed with retrorsely barbed
spines. Seed i to each flower.

Species 40, characteristic of extra-trop. S. Amer. with outlying species
in Mexico, Calif, Hawaii Is., Tristan, S. Africa, S. Austral, Tasmania,
and N. Zeal.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. (Ettacanal) Flowers in globose or cylindric spikes, with solitary flowers lower on the scape.
b. Plant smooth, shining. pumila.

62. Leaves silky-villous. eupatoria.

^3. Leaves silky on the under surface.

476

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c. Upper surface smooth. Fruit with large and small spines. platyacantha.

c2. Upper surface pubescent. Fruit glochidiate all round. sericea.

64. Plant more or less pubescent.
c. Spines free, glochidiate.
d. Fruits smooth.
d2. Fruits villous.

e. Leaflets entire or toothed, pubescent-setose.
/. Leaflets coarsely toothed towards the apex.
_/2. Leaflets usually entire.

/3. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, pinnatipartite ; the segments narrow.
c2. Spines free, prismatic, rigid, basally enlarged.
d. Fruit about midway having 4 short spines.
d2. Fruit covered with spines.

e. Plants pubescent-setose, cinereous.
f. Fruits attenuate both ways.
/2. Fruits oval. Leaflets smooth on upper surface.
e2. Plants green, pubescent or hirsute. Pinnae pinnatifid.
/. Erect, silky.
/2. Cespitose, villous.

£5. Lax-pilose. Fruit tetragonal, with tubercles. Stamens 2.
66. Silky. Fruit 3— 4-angled, with 2—4 spines and smaller spines between.
A2. (Anastrum.) Fruits in globose heads. At maturity each has 2—4 spines.
6. Plants pure green.

c. Leaflets serrate or coarsely toothed.
/. Leaflets silvery on lower surface.
/2. Leaflets pubescent or smooth on under surface.

g. Fruits covered by large, stout hairs appressed apexwards.
g2. Fruit covered by white villi.
/3. Leaflets silky on both surfaces.

g. Fruit with 4 long, divaricate setae.
g2. Fruit slightly winged, with compressed glochidia.
c2. Leaflets pilose, 2-parted, minute. Calyx villous. Fruit unarmed.
^3. Leaflets 3— 5 -partite ; segments unequal.

^4. Leaflets 11, apically incised. Fruit small, with 4 short glochidia.
£•5. Leaflets about 1 1 , pectinate, emarginate. Heads small.
d. Fruit with 4—2 short spines.
d2. Fruit with 5 spines.

c6. Leaflets 4—6 pairs, pinnatifid, veiny, glabrous,
the calyx.

62. Plants glaucous or cinereous.

c. Fruits with spines subequal and yellowish.

d. Fruits smooth. Icevigata.

d2. Fruits pubescent, adscendens.

c2. Fruits with midspines larger than the others. macrostemon.

63. Plants densely pulvinate. Leaves 2-3, white, silky. Fruit with short glochidia all

round. puhinata.

andina.

splendens.

integerrima.

myriophylla.

multifida.

fuegiana.
cuneata.

pinnatifida.
pceppigiana.

lucida.

trifida.

argentea.

ovalifolia.
krausei.

cadilla.

philippi.

parvifolia.

magellanica.

alboffii.

nudicaulis.
. tcnera.

Spines 4, spreading, twice as long as
(l<zvigatd) venulosa.

MACLOSKIE I ROSACE^E.

477

£4. Silvery-silky, cespitose. Fruit with short spines. caspitosa.

A^. Cespitose-silky. Flowers sexually dimorphous ; the females hid in the leaf-axils. Fruit

winged, with glochidia and spines. tehuelcha.

Adf. Low. Leaflets 3—4, oblong-serrate, 6 mm. long ; fulvous-hairy. antarctica.

I. AOENA ADSCENDENS Vahl.

Stem long, prostrate, sending up glabrous, leafy branches. Leaflets
4-7 pairs, ovate-oblong, obtuse, serrate. Scape leafy below, leafless and
smooth above (rarely with a bract and glomerule
midway) ; head globose ; bractlets linear, apex
ciliate. Calyx glabrous, its lobes oblong, pilose
on outside. Stamens mostly 4, exceeding the
calyx-lobes. Stigmas long, subplumose. Fruit
obconical, with 4 long glochidia.

(Chili) ; Magellan (by Hatcher at Punta Arenas) ;
Fuegia, passim; Falklands ; N. Patagon., at Lago
Nahuel-huapi. (Also in Australia and S. Georgia I.)

FIG. 74.

Acizna adscendens. — Flower
and bract ; calyx with glochidia
and stigma: all magnified.

A. ADSCENDENS MACROCH^ETA Franchet.

Taller. Leaves ovate-elliptical, with long-
stalked, terminal part. Setce 4 times as long as
the pilose capsule.

Magellan ; Cape Horn.

A. ADSCENDENS CORIACEA Small.

More robust and elongated than the type. Leaves narrower, oblong
in outline, short-petioled, rigid ; the winged base of the petiole produced
into toothed auricles. Leaflets smaller.

S. Patagon., at Cape Fairweather, etc.

2. A. ALBOFFII (Alboff sine nomine) Macl.

Low, from thick rhizome, with old leaves about the ,base, branching into
floriferous stems and sterile scions. Stems low, blackish, few-leaved,
apically naked, subglabrous. Radical leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong,
pubescent beneath, once-pinnate, with about 1 1 leaflets ; these small, obo-
vate-cuneate, apically cuneate-incised. Head solitary, large. Stamens 6.
Styles long, plumose, blackish. Fruit small, spines 4, short-glochidiate.

Fuegia, alpine meadows above Ushuaia. N. Alboff.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.
3. AOENA ANDINA Phil.

Thick black rhizome bearing rosettes of pinnatipartite leaves, the parts
pinnatifid, underneath and marginally setaceous. Flowers in a head or
large spike. Sepals setose. Fruit glabrous, with subulate spines, twice
as long as the fruit is broad.

(Chili, near snow) ; Patagon. (?).

4- A. ANTARCTICA Hook. f.

Low. Stems short, robust, prostrate, ascending, and sparsely branch-
ing. Leaves crowded, leaflets 3-4, broadly oblong, obtusely serrate,
medially channeled, silky-villous above with tawny hairs, pilose under-
neath. Peduncle scapiform.

" I have not met with this small and very distinct species either in
flower or fruit." (J. D. Hooker.) (A specimen so named in the Gray
Herbarium has the head terminal and subglobular.)

E. and W. Magellan, Fuegia, passim, to Hermite I., and Cape Horn ;
Staaten I.

5- A. ARGENTEA R. & P.

Erect or ascending. Leaves numerous, 4-6 cm. long, with 4-6 pairs
of coriaceous, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, serrate leaflets, dull green and
smooth on upper surface, silvery-silky beneath. Head globose. Bracts
linear. Calyx smooth. Fruit silky upwards, with 4 yellow spines.

Valdivia.

6. A. CADILLA Hook. f.

Stem prostrate, branching, the branches ascending, and petioles villous
with spreading hairs. Leaves membranaceous, silky ; leaflets broad ovate-
oblong, obtuse, incise-serrate. Peduncle scape-like, the head globose.
Calyx densely setose-pilose, its lobes villous outside. Stamens 2, filaments
and anthers small. Fruit obconical, ending in 4 long, divaricate, filiform
seta. Style short, slender, plumose.

Vernacular name, "cadilla."

S. Chili. Patagon. (?).

7. A. OESPITOSA Gill.

Silvery-silky. Leaflets 3-4-jugous, the upper entire, the lower bi-tri-
fid, segments linear, entire, small. Flowers in 1-2 capitula. Fruit ovoid,
smooth and armed with short spines.

MACLOSKIE I ROSACE/E. 479

(Chili) ; Chubut, in dry hills near Nafofo-cahuellu. " Densely or laxly
cespitose. Seems not to differ from A. ptilmnata O. Ktze." (Speg.)

8. AC-ENA CUNEATA Hook and Am.

Silvery-silky. Stem short, decumbent. Leaflets 4-7 pairs, obliquely
obovate-cuneate, apically incise-dentate. Scape strong, with a few large,
remote flowers, or globose-spicate. Calyx-lobes silky outside. Stamens
2, with long filaments. Stigma depressed. Fruits obovate tetragonal, or
broad and then 2-seeded ; armed all round by glochidia.

Magellan ; S. Patagon., by Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 18, 1896).
Cape Gregory.

9. A. EUPATORIA Cham. & Schl.

Stem erect, spreading, silky-villous. Leaves oblong, oblique at base,
incised, serrate, silky beneath (resembling Potentilla anserina]. Flowers
2-staminate, small, sparse and glomerate in an interrupted spike.

(S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., in dry regions by Rio Negro.

10. A. FUEGIANA Phil.

Stem erect, 20 cm. high. Leaves coriaceous, crowded at its base,
Leaflets 4-6 pairs, cuneate ; the apex deeply 3~5-toothed. Lower flowers
in axils of small leaves ; the others in a dense, ovate head. Fruits pubes-
cent, angled, with 4-5 aculei on each angle ; these short, glochidiate.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; Fuegia.

II. A. INTEGERRIMA Gill.

All silky-woolly. Leaflets 4 pairs, ovate-oblong, entire, or apically 2-
3-toothed. Heads globose, one or a second remote. Fruit oval, with
projecting ridges having very short glochidia. Near A. splendens.

(Cordilleras of Chili) ; S. Patagonv, by Rio Chico and Sta. Cruz.

12. A. KRAUSEI Phil.

Plant smooth or pubescent, glaucous-green ; ascending. Leaflets 4-5
pairs, obovate, toothed ; smooth except underneath along the nerves.
Sepals pubescent. Anthers purple. Fruit obovoid-cuneiform, white-vil-
lous, with 4 unequal spines.

Valdivia.

480 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

13. AC/ENA L^VIGATA Ait.

Smooth, decumbent. Ascending branches leafy. Leaflets opposite,
oblong, obovate, obtuse, oblique at base, crenate-dentate above, cori-
aceous, smooth on upper surface, hairy underneath. Scape with cylin-
drical terminal spike, and others globular. Calyx glabrous. Stamens 2,
filaments short, anthers rounded. Stigma short, fimbriate. Fruit gla-
brous, compressed, with 4 erect, unequal spines.

Patagon., N. and S. ; Magellan, Fuegia to Hermite I. ; Falklands.

14. A. LUCIDA Vahl.

Loosely pilose. Stem long, decumbent, branching. Leaflets 8-9 pairs,
3-5-parted, villous beneath, the segments oblong to linear-. Peduncles
short, stout. Spikes ovate-oblong. Stamens usually 2. Fruit tetragonal
with tubercles above on the angles, externally pilose.

Magellan, E. Fuegia (Ansorge, Dusen) ; Falklands, " on rocks near the .
sea."

15. A. MACROSTEMON Hook. f.

Stem rather simple, 30 cm. high, leafy. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, silky, mostly
sessile, decurrent, crenate-toothed. Scape long, sparingly pilose, having
a large, globose head. Calyx pilose, its lobes oblong-obovate, silky.
Filaments long, anthers large, oblong. Style long, plumose. Fruit
having 2 spines twice as long as the others.

(Chili ; Mendoza) ; S. Patagon. by Puerto Deseado.

1 6. A. MAGELLANICA Vahl.

Abortively dioecious? Stem short, branches ascending. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, silky beneath. Leaflets 3-7 pairs, broad-ovate-oblong, obtuse,
upper ones decurrent, crenate-serrate or cleft. Scape naked or rarely i-
leaved, pubescent. Heads small, dilated after flowering. Calyx broad,
pilose. Stamens 4, long ; anthers large, didymous. Style long, broad,
plumose. Spines long, unequal, glochidiate.

Heads never divided. The hairy peduncles and broad styles distin-
guish it from A. adscendens.

Magellan, Cape Gregory, etc. S. Patagon., on pampas near Rio Coy.
(Hatcher, in fruit Dec. 17, 1896.)

MACLOSKIE: ROSACES. 481

17. AC^NA MULTIFIDA Hook. f.

Sparsely villous. Root woody. Stem slender, ascending, . simple or
divided upwards. Leaves broad-linear on slender petioles ; leaflets
numerous, pinnatifid, or 3-5 partite, the segments linear, obtuse, margins
revolute ; glabrous above, silky underneath. Peduncles 20-40 cm. high,
villous, sparsely leafy. Flowers crowded most of them, in a globose
head. Calyx hirsute, its lobes fuscous-purple, silky outside. Stamens 2,
short. Stigma depressed, fimbriate. Fruit tetragonal, smooth, with
glochidia dilated at their base, on the upper part.

S. Patagon., in the Cordilleras (Hatcher) ; Magellan, Fuegia, passim.
A steppe plant, affecting dry parts. "Stouter than A. pinnatifida, fruits
twice as large, spines broad downwards." (Speg.)

1 8. A. MYRIOPHYLLA Lindl.

Erect, 15 cm. high, pubescent Leaflets 7-9 pairs, linear, pinnati-
partite ; segments narrow, silky beneath. Spikes cylindrical, interrupted
at the base. Fruit ovate, tomentose, with glochidiate spines.

(Chili ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon. Common about the bizcacha (Vis-
cacha) warrens." (J. Ball.)

19. A. NUDICAULIS Alboff.

Erect, rough, branching, from a large rhizome. Underground branches
covered by old leaves. Leaves radical, ovate to oblong, short-petioled.
Leaflets 9-11, obovate-cuneate, pectinate, apex emarginate. Head small,
i cm. in diameter, globose, blackish. Stamens 4 (and 2 staminodes),
short. Fntit with 4 or 2 short spines.

Fuegia, Ushuaia; cultivated.

20. A. OVALIFOLIA Ruiz. & Pav.

Stems creeping. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, oblong, subcuneate, villous under-
neath. Spikes globose. Calyx densely covered with long hairs. Sta-
mens mostly 2. Fruit villous, with 2-3 (-4) glochidia.

(Peru) ; S. Patagon. (Hatcher) ; Magellan. Fuegia to Cape Horn.

21. A. PARVIEOLIA Phil.

Much branching, decumbent ; branches 7 cm. long. Leaves subradical,
small (8 mm. long) pilose ; leaflets minute, 2-partite. Peduncle filiform,

482 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

short, with a terminal, globose head of about 12 flowers. Calyx-segments
ovate, villous. Fruits unarmed.
E. Fuegia.

22. AOENA PHILIPPI Dusen. (A. sericea Phil, non Jacq.)

Cespitose, 24 cm. high. Leaves crowded, silky. Leaflets 5-7 pairs,
ovate, deeply incised-serrate, larger towards apex of leaf. Scapes long,
usually naked. Head globose. Fruits angular, slightly winged. Glo-
chidia compressed.

E. Fuegia.

23. A. PINNATIFIDA Ruiz. & Pav. (Plate XIX.)

Erect, silky. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, deeply 3~5-parted, the segments linear.
Flowers crowded in cylindrical spikes, the lower ones rather remote.
Stamens 5-10. Fruit armed all around with glochidia.

(Chili) ; Magellan; S. Patagon., at head of Rio Sta. Cruz. (J. B.
Hatcher. In fruit Feb. 9-25.) Golfo de San Jorge.

In some of the Hatcher specimens the leaflets are 8-9 pairs.

A. PINNATIFIDA GLABRATA Speg.

Upper surface of the leaves glabrous, obscurely fuscous-green, blacken-
ing when dry.

Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

24. A. PLATYACANTHA Speg.

Cespitose perennial. Leaves odd-pinnate, with 6-9 pairs of leaflets ;
the lower entire, the upper i-2-partite, lanceolate, margin revolute, obtuse;
silky-villous beneath, smooth above. Scapes subvillous, capitate with
globose apex ; also often with a few flowers or bracts lower down. Fruit
tomentose, 2-4-angled, subulate, spinescent, the angles often with 2 super-
posed spines ; armed in the sinuses with small aculei.

Patagon., by Magellan ; R. Sta. Cruz, and Golfo de San Jorge.

A. PLATYACANTHA PARVI FOLIA Speg.

Leaves fasciculate at top, with a broad pericladium ; petiole very short ;
leaflets 2-5 pairs, approximate, ovate, obtuse, mostly entire.
Patagon. ; by Golfo de San Jorge.

MACLOSKIE I ROSACE^E. 483

25. AC^ENA PCEPPIGIANA Gay.

Villous, cespitose. Stems simple, strict. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, silky
underneath, 5-partite, segments ovate-oblique. Spike interrupted, the
lower flowers few, remote, the upper agglomerate. Stamens 2, short.
Stigmas patelliform, fimbriate. Fruits very small, ovate-globose ; spines
pyramidal, unequal, sparingly glochidiate.

(Chili) ; by Hatcher in S. Patagon., on pampas near Coy Inlet. The
leaves are crowded at the base, having many obscure lobes. The flowers
are in a terminal, and 2—3 smaller subterminal spikes.

26. A. PULVINATA O. Ktze.

Stems many, short, densely pulvinate, 5-10 cm. high, at base covered
by old sheaths, upwards having 2—3 white, silky leaves, each having 3—5
leaflets ; these are trisect with subulate segments. Petiole i cm., with a
basal sheath. Scape 3 cm., leafless, or i -leaved, with i subulate bract.
Head globose, lo-flowered. Calyx- segments white-silky, with long hairs.
Fruit triquetrous-obovate, glabrous, with very short glochidia on all sides.

(Argentina) ; Patagon. (See A. ccespitosa Gill.)

27. A. PUMILA Vahl.

Glabrous. Root descending. Stem short, 3 cm., simple. Leaflets 10-12
pairs, small, obliquely ovate, obtuse, crenate-serrate, coriaceous, margins
recurving. Scape with a slender spike. Calyx-lobes oblong-obtuse, pilose
above. Stamens 4, short. Fruit with short glochidia all round. Stigma
depressed, fimbriate.

"A pretty little species; with spike elongated."

Magellan, Desolation I., Fuegia to Hermite I.

28. A. SERICEA DC.

Leaflets obovate, incise-toothed, pubescent, silky underneath. Flowers
in a crowded, cylindrical spike, on a decumbent stem. Corolla sympetal-
ous, rotate. Calyx glochidiate all round. "Fruit elliptical, 6 by 3 mm.,
obscurely 3-4-gonal, angles minutely i-4-spinuligerous, faces tomentosu-
lous with sparing, minute aculei." (Speg.)

S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; by Rio de Sta. Cruz.

484 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

x

29. AC^NA SPLENDENS Hook. & Arn.

Woolly-silky perennial. Root simple. Stem short, stout, covered by
imbricating stipules. Leaves obovate ; leaflets 7-9, obovate, 1-2 cm. long,
sessile, apically many-toothed ; hairs bronze-colored. Scape with apicu-
late, interrupted spike. Fruit oblong, with many spreading, long spines
(glochidia).

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by the Upper Limay, "apparently brought down
by streams from the Andes." (J. Ball.) S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz;
Magellan; at Punta Anegada. E. Fuegia. (Dusen.)

30. A. TEHUELCHA Speg.

Small, cespitose, silky. Leaves oblong, spatulate, pinnatipartite ; the
parts 2-5-cleft, and subdivisions oblanceolate. Flowers dimorphous,
females concealed in axils of leaves ; hermaphrodites seated on scapes.
Fruit winged, with spines on margins, glochidiate on the angles, small on
the faces.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico and Lago Argentine. " Bark woody,
densely coated with blackish scales (remains of old leaves)."

f

31. A. TENERA Alboff.

Low, corticated, with clear, green leaves. Rhizome long, rough,
branching, stoloniferous. Leaves radical, long-petioled, narrow-oblong.
Leaflets 9-13, ovate-orbicular, membranous, pectinate-emarginate. Scape
with small, globose head (7-5 mm. diam.) Calyx glandular. Spines 5.

Fuegia.

32. A. TRIFIDA Ruiz. & Pav.

Silky-villous. Caudex woody ; stem erect, i meter high. Leaves
mostly crowded at base. Leaflets about 6 pairs, oblong-ovate, 4—8 mm.
long, pinnatifid into 3 or more segments. Flowers greenish, in a cylin-
drical spike, some remote. Calyx-lobes exceeding the tube. Anthers
dark-purple. Fruit 3-4-angled, angles armed with 2-4 stout spines, and
smaller spines between.

(Calif, to Chili) ; by Hatcher on pampas near Coy Inlet, S. Patagon.

Torrey & Gray referred the Californian plant to A. pinnatiflda; but
see Botany of Calif., by Brewer & Watson, i, p. 186.

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS^E. 485

33. AC^ENA VENULOSA Griseb. ( = A. Icsvigata Ait. ?)
Branches ascending, leafy below, rather glabrous, i-headed. Leaflets

4-6 pairs, cuneate or subrotundate, obovate, pinnatifid-crenate upwards,

coriaceous, veiny. Calyx glabrous, its segments and the bracts hairy.

Stamens 2, short, anthers round. Stigma short, dilated, fimbriate.

Spines 4, spreading, twice as long as the calyx.

Magellan. "I cannot find any difference between A. Icevigata Ait. and

A. venulosa. In both the spines are alike elongated, and the divisions of

the calyx are ciliate." (A. Franchet.)

ii. PRUNUS Linn, (including Cerasus}. Plum, Cherry.

Trees or shrubs, mostly with edible drupes, and simple, serrate, petio-
late leaves, which are conduplicate or convolute in ( the bud. Stipules
small, fugacious. Flowers perigynous, carpel usually i. Seed i, sus-
pended.

Species 90, natives of N. Temp. Amer. and Asia ; now cultivated in
all temperate regions.

i. P. CAPRONIANA (DC. sub Cerasus}.

A small tree, with spreading branches, flowers subcoetaneous with the
leaves. Calyx broad-campanulate ; the peduncle thickish, not long.
Fruit globose-depressed ; the suture scarcely depressed. Rpicarp not
adhering to the mesocarp, which is mostly acid, and styptic.

P. CAPRONIANA GRIOTTA.

Fruits globose-depressed, black-purplish, fazflesk red.
N. Patagon., along Rio Negro (introduced).

2. P. CERASUS L. Chprry.

Tree, with nearly sessile umbels, the calyx-tube turbinate, the segments
crenate-serrate, obtuse. Leaves not drooping, oblong-obovate to ovate-
lanceolate.

(Cultivated in temperate climates) ; Patagon., (escaped).

Family 52. LEGUMINOS^E. Pea Family.

Plants of various habits, with usually alternate, stipulate, mostly com-
pound leaves; irregular (papilionaceous) or regular, inferior or sub-

486 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

perigynous, flowers, with the odd sepal anterior; and monocarpellary
ovary, becoming a legume. Endosperm usually none ; cotyledons large,
fleshy.

Species exceeding 7,000, many cosmopolitan. Some species are
characteristic of particular regions ; especially of Australia, which is head-
quarters of the family.

The following subfamilies are sometimes regarded as distinct families.

I. MIMOSE/E : p. 488.

Leaves bi-tri-pinnate or reduced to phyllodes. Flowers regular ; the
calyx-lobes and petals valvate. Stamens isomerous with the perianth-
divisions, or commonly numerous.

II. OESALPINIE^E : p. 491.

Leaves simple, or simply- or bi-pinnate. Flowers more or less irregu-
lar ; the posterior petal enclosed by the lateral petals. Stamens i o, or
fewer, distinct or united.

III. PAPILIONACE^E : p. 495.

Leaves simply compound, rarely simple. Flowers papilionaceous ; the
Posterior petal enclosing the lateral petals. Stamens 10, mon- or diadel-
phous or distinct ; rarely 9 or 5.

KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Flowers regular. Petals and sepals valvate. Stamens as many, or twice as many as the petals.

Trees or shrubs with bipinnate leaves, sometimes reduced. (MIMOSE^E.)
b. Anthers glandless. Pod flat, its valves at length separating from the persisting sutures.

I. Mimosa, p. 488.

b2. Anthers with a deciduous gland. Pod convex, straight or twisted. Seeds with endo-
sperm. Petals united. 2. Prosofis, p. 489.
AA. Flowers zygomorphic ; the petals imbricate.

B. Flowers not papilionaceous ; posterior petal internal. Calyx-segments almost or quite

separate. (C^ESALPINEJE.)
c. Leaves even-pinnate. Stamens 10 or 5. Anthers basifixed, opening terminally.

3. Cassia, p. 491.
c2. Leaves bipinnate. Stamens 10, subequal. Anthers opening laterally. Ovary free.

Flowers racemose or panicled.
d. Calyx-lobes valvate in the bud. Pod sessile, many-seeded. Leaflets in many

pairs. Unarmed trees with handsome flowers. 4. Poinciana, p. 492.

d2. Calyx-lobes long and subequal, nearly valvate. Pod sessile, flat, 2-many-seeded.

Low, gland-punctate herbs or undershrubs. 5. Hoffmanseggia, p. 493.

d$. Calyx-lobes imbricate in the bud.

e. Pod I -seeded, with long bristles, slightly stalked. Viscous shrub.

6. Zuccagnia, p. 494.

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS/E. 487

•

e2. Pod 2-many-seeded, sessile. Stigma capitate or concave. Trees or climbing,

often thorny shrubs. 7. Ccesalpinia, p. 494.

BB. Flowers papilionaceous ; posterior petal external (called the vexillum, the lateral petals

are the ales, and the anterior pair form the carina). (PAPILIONACE.E.)
c. Filaments free. Leaves odd-pinnate (rarely reduced to spines). Flowers racemose.

Pod 3-many-seeded. Mostly shrubs.
d. Pod sessile or nearly so, indehiscent, drupe-like. Petals long-clawed, golden.

Thorny shrubs. 8. Gourlicea, p. 495.

d2. Pod short-stiped, constricted between the seeds, indehiscent or dehiscing late.
Petals subsessile, white or yellowish. Leaflets sometimes stipellate.

9. Sophora, p. 495.
c2. Filaments united, monadelphous or diadelphous. Pod 2-valved or indehiscent.

Leaflets without stipels.
d. Leaves simple or digitately 3-5 foliolate, or reduced. Mostly shrubs.

e. Stamens monadelphous, staminal tube open dorsally. Stigma incurved, smooth
inwards. Pod with convex valves, few-seeded. Leaves entire or 3-cleft
often spinescent, with connate, ochreate stipules. 10. Anarthrophyllum, p. 496.
e2. Stamens monadelphous, staminal tube closed.

/. Seeds non-strophiolate. Calyx-lobes, 2-3, much exceeding the calyx-
tube. Alas dorsally coalescing at apex. Leaves simple or digitately
5- oo -foliolate, with adnate stipules. 11. Lupinus, p. 498.

/2. Seeds strophiolate. Calyx deeply 2-cleft, coriaceous, colored. Leaves

reduced to spines or scales. 12. Ulex, p. 499.

d2. Leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets denticulate. Stamens diadelphous, the vexillary
being free entirely or half-way. Anthers all similar. Carina obtuse. Herbs.
(TRIFOLIE.E.)
e. Corolla deciduous after anthesis. Claws of petals free. Pod indehiscent or

follicular. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate.
/. Flowers in heads or short racemes. Pod spirally coiled, or reniform, or

broad-oval and curved. 13. Medicago, p. 500.

/2. Flowers in long, spike like racemes. Pod thick, almost globular or ovoid,

14. Melilotus, p. 501.

C2. Corolla usually drying and persisting after flowering. Flowers in heads or
umbels. Pod straight, rather short. Claws of all, or of the paired petals,
adnate to the staminal tube. 15. Tnfolium, p. 501.

</3. Leaves pinnate.

e. Rachis of leaves without a terminal bristle or tendril. Pod dehiscent, with no
hypogynous disk. Filaments filiform. Seeds non-strophiolate. Mostly
herbs or undershrubs.
/. Seeds numerous. (GALEGE.E.)

g. Stamens monadelphous, with the staminal tube closed. Racemes rarely
in the axils. Fruit stiped, with a cup-like disk inside the staminal
tube. Carina not spiral. Style smooth. Glabrous herbs. ,

1 6. Galega, p. 502.

g2. Vexillary stamen free or partly united. Inflorescence axillary. Pod
more or less inflated, usually 2-celled lengthwise, or nearly so.

488 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Style smooth, rarely pencilled around the stigma (Astra-goHna.)
Anther-cells distinct. Pod (not prickly, often stiped) 2-celled, or
if I -celled, then globular or ovoid, rarely flat. Carina obtuse.
(Flowers rarely yellow, often violet to pink.) Leaves mostly odd-
pinnate. 17. Astragalus, p. 502.
/2.*Seeds few; pod short. Diadelphous, vexillary stamen free.

g. (Section of Astragalus f) Calyx turbinate, sessile. Leaves even pin-
nate, ending in a spine; stipules adnate. Pod I -celled, usually
I -seeded. White-haired, thorny shrub.

1 8. Tragacantha, p. 508.
g2. Anther-cells fusing towards their apex. Pod rather thick, prickly.

Leaves odd-pinnate, glandular hairy. 19. Glycyrrhiza, p. 509.
g^. (Phaseolece!) Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, without stipels or tendrils.
Carina apically incurved, falcate. Pod 2-seeded, flat, curved. Style
not bearded ; calyx not enlarging in the fruit. Yellowish flowers
mostly in axillary racemes. Leaves resinous-dotted underneath.

23. Rhynchosia, p. 531.

e2. Rachis of leaves with a terminal bristle or a tendril. Vexillary stamen free
or partly united in a staminal tube. Pod more or less compressed. Herbs
with axillary flowers or racemes. (VICIE.E.)
f. Staminal tube obliquely truncate. Style slender, apically tufted. Pod

with several, or only 2 seeds. 21. Vicia, p. 521.

/2. Staminal tube evenly truncate. Style broadening upwards, bearded along

the inner side. Seeds several. 22. Lathyms,^. 526.

^3. Filaments free, the uppermost pair basally broad, and often adnate to the carina.
Pod mostly with a straight upper and incurved lower suture, indehiscent, or dehisc-
ing by the upper suture. Herbs or undershrubs, often armed terminally. Leaves
pinnate, leaflets mostly numerous rarely only 3 ; no stipels. Racemes or panicles
terminal. 20. Patagonium (Adesmid), p. 509.

Subfamily /. MIMOSE^E.
i. MIMOSA Linn.

Leaves bipinnate, often sensitive, sometimes reduced to phyllodes.
Flowers small, sessile, regular, in heads or spikes ; stamens usually
numerous. Calyx small, or pappus-like. Legume with its 2 valves sepa-
rating from a persisting septum.

Species 300, most in tropical and subtropical America. A few in S.
Asia and Africa. Not in Australia, except M. pudica L.

M. ROCC Ltz. & Nied.

»

A woody, decumbent shrub, unarmed, but tomentose, with stellate wool.
Leaves with 2 pairs of pinnae, the common petiole ending in a stipuliform

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS/E. 489

blade. Pinnae with 8-1 1 pairs of leaflets, and the rachis prolonged.
Leaflets broad-elliptical, or elliptic-lanceolate. Flower-heads axillary,
peduncled, globose, is-iy-flowered ; one head on the peduncle. Flowers
4-merous, 4 mm. long. Legume i-4-seeded, in joints.
(Sierra de la Ventana, near Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon.

2. PROSOPIS Linn. Algaroba.

Trees or shrubs, with bipinnate leaves, spinose or unarmed ; and small,
regular, 5-merous flowers in heads or spikes. Petals united halfway.
Anthers mostly with a deciduous gland. Legume straight or twisted, with
internal cross-septa.

Species 30, curious both in structure and distribution. Most of the
species are in S. Amer., 10 of these in Argentina, and several in Pata-
gonia; also 4 species in Mexico, Texas and Calif., i in trop. Africa; i
in the Caucasian and Himalayan regions.

Some species, as P. dulcis and P. horrida of Peru, have pods with sweet
mucilage, and form "pastures" which serve as food for cattle. The
Mesquit-tree of Texas, P. juliflora DC., yields gum, and is valuable for
its hard wood.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
a. Legume straight or falcate.

b. Leaves abortive or rudimentary. Spines axillary. humilis.

b2. Leaf-pinnules i pair. Extra-axillary spines. patagonica.

63. Pinnules 2-3 pairs. Apically spinescent. striata.

64. Pinnules 2-3 pairs. Branches flexuose. denudans.
b$. Pinnules 6-12 pairs. Stipular spines. campestris.
b6. Pinnules 13— 20 pairs. Stipular spines. siliquastrum.

02. Legume contorted. strombulifera.

i. P. CAMPESTRIS Griseb. Algaroba.

*

Shrub, tortuosely intertwined,, hirtellous. Stipiilar spines strong, at
length exceeding the fasciculate leaves. Pinnce i, rarely 2 pairs, with
minute glands between, opposite the dorsal stipel. Leaflets 6-12 pairs,
approximate, minute, oblong-linear, obtuse, pilose-margined. Spikes
lateral, briefly oblong-cylindric. Pale yellow corolla, puberulous at base.
Pod long, 7- 1 1 -seeded.

(Argentina); Patagon.

490 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

2. PROSOPIS DENUDANS Benth.

Branches short, flexuose, they and the leaves puberulous. Leaves
fasciculate, with glabrous petioles. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, small, oblong-
linear. Spikes peduncled, oblong. Petals woolly inside. Anthers ovate.
Legumes villous, long-falcate.

Patagon., by Rio Chubut.

3. P. GILLESII (sub. Poinciand].

4. P. HUMILIS Gill.

Undershrubs, with angulate, sulcate branches, and striate, glabrous
branchlets. Spines (abortive branchlets) axillary, solitary or paired, soft,
long, striate. Stipules minute, subulate. Leaves abortive, or reduced to
a glanduliferous, i-2-foliolate, small petiole, ending in a bristle. Leaflets
small, lanceolate, acute. Spikes solitary on the peduncle, cylindraceous,
glabrous, branching towards the middle. Anthers glanduliferous or
naked. Legume compressed, falcate. Flowers and pods scarlet to pur-
plish.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon, near head of Rio Negro.

5. P. PATAGONICA Speg.

Fruticose, with spiniform, extra-axillary, stout, solitary branches.
Leaves fasciculate at the nodes, twice-dichotomous. Leaflets i pair, spat-
ulate, thickish. Spikes cylindric, the peduncle exceeding the leaves.
Flowers green ; calyx glabrous, short, scarcely toothed. Corolla glabrous
outside, villous within.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

6. P. SILIQUASTRUM DC.

Fruticose, subglabrous. Branches long, subflexuose. Stipular spines
solitary or paired, strong. Fascicles of spikes and leaves proceeding from
the same tubercles. Pinna i pair, often with an odd one ; leaflets 13-20-
pairs, narrowly linear-obtuse.

S. Patagon.; N. Patagon., near Rawson.

7. P. STRIATA Benth. (Mimosa striata Speg.)

Glabrous. Branches thick, with yellow ribs, apically spinescent.
leaves few ; stipules spinescent, recurved. Pinnce i pair ; pinnules 2-3

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS/E. 491

pairs, oblong. Peduncles exceeding the leaves. Heads globose. Flow-
ers greenish. Calyx minutely 4-toothed. Petals long, glabrous. Sta-
mens 10. Ovary villous. Pod lomentaceous, at length articulately
deciduous.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

8. PROSOPIS STROMBULIFERA Benth.

Glabrous. With stipular spines, or unarmed. Leaflets of pinnae 4-6
pairs, alternate or opposite, linear, obtuse ; a gland between some of the
pinnae. Legume terete, spirally contorted. (Fig. 59, A, B, in Eng. &
Prantl, iii, 3, p. 104.)

(Peru; Chili. Cultivated in gardens as medicine for tooth-ache. "Re-
torturio.") N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

Subfamily //. C^ESALPINE^E.

3. CASSIA Linn.

Leaves equally pinnate. Calyx-tube very short, its lobes subequal,
imbricate. Corolla nearly regular, mostly yellow. Stamens 10 or 5,
unequal ; anthers opening by pores. Seeds numerous.

Species 275, mostly in warm and temperate regions.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

a. Leafless. aphylla.

a2. Leaflets 3-6 pairs ; and

b. Oval, acute. glauca.

b2. Broad-ovate, retuse. lorentzii.

£3. Cuneate-obovate, retuse. arnottiana.

I. C. APHYLLA Cav.

Fruticose, branches dichotomous, terete, glabrous, leafless, nearly a
meter high. Branches rather thick, greenish-yellow. Flowers in terminal
racemes, alternately paired, on separate pedicels. Calyx-leaves ovate, 3
outer pilose. Corolla saffron, twice as long as the calyx ; petals ovate.
Pod flat, linear, 10 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. Seeds numerous, on capillary
funicles.

(Argentina) ; Patagon., shrubberies, "an important occupant of the
fields of Patagonia, as well as on the mountains."

492 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

CASSIA APHYLLA DIVARICATA.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. C. ARNOTTIANA Gill. & Hook.

Fruticose, small, glabrous, naked below. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, thickish,
glaucous, cuneate-obovate, retuse ; a subulate gland between the lowest
pair. Raceme twice as long as the leaves, 2-3-flowered. Legiime ob-
long, coriaceous, thick, compressed. Sutures tumid.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

3. C. GLAUCA Lam.

Shrub, about 1.5 meters high. Leaflets 4-6-pairs, oval, acutish,
glaucous, an oblong, sessile gland between the 3 lowest pairs. Stipules
linear, subulate, spreading. Legumes linear, straight, mucronate.

(East Indies) ; Patagonia (?).

4. C. LORENTZII Nied.

Shrub 30-100 cm. high, erect, glabrous, naked below, scarred, branches
and branchlets reticulate, green when young, becoming olive. Leaflets
3-5 pairs, opposite, thickish, broad-ovate, retuse, or with nerve produced ;
entire, subsessile, green ; a subulate gland between the lowest pair.
Stiptdes lanceolate, acutish. Racemes twice as long as the leaf, 2-5-
flowered. Legtime sessile, oblong, coriaceous, thick, compressed, with
tumid sutures 60 mm. long, gray-fuscous. Seeds numerous, mostly hori-
zontal, suborbicular, compressed, with prominent brown hilum.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. POINCIANA Linn.

Trees, having bipinnate leaves, with many small leaflets and terminal
racemes of orange or red flowers. Calyx-tube short or obsolete, segments
valvate, subequal. Petals orbicular, subequal, or the posterior differing.
Stamens 10, free, hairy at base, inflexed above. Ovary sessile, many-
ovulate ; the stigma truncate, ciliolate. Legume elongate, internally con-
stricted between the seeds. Seeds transverse, oblong, having endosperm ;
radicle exserted.

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOSvE. 493

POINCIANA GILLESII Hook. (Wall, sub Ccesalpinia.}

Shrub, more than i meter high, unarmed, with numerous small, oblong
leaflets. Petals glandular, toothed-ciliate at their apex. Legume cimeter-
form, glandular, i -celled, dry. Flowers sulphur-colored, with a sickly
odor (supposed to injure the eyes).

(Chili : Uruguay) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; also cultivated.

»

5. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cav.

Herbs or low shrubs, with glandular-punctate, bipinnate leaves and
racemes of yellow, nearly regular flowers. Calyx-segments 5, subequal.
Petals 5, imbricated. Stamens 10, anthers opening by slits. Pod flat.
Seeds numerous.

Species 20, chiefly in S. Amer., and northwards to California and Mexico ;
i in tropical Africa.

i. H. FALCARIA Gay.

Herb, not black-pitted, but with stalked glands. Stipules ovate. Pinnce
7-11. Pinnules 12-21, oblong. Racemes few-flowered. Legume linear-
oblong, curved or nearly straight, 8-i2-seeded.

(By Andes to N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., high plains along Rio Negro.

2. H. PATAGONICA Speg.

Low, subglabrous. Radical and cauline leaves similar ; pinnae 3-4 pairs
and terminal ; on long petiole. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, minute, ovate. Scape
glabrous, sparsely racemose. Flowers mid-size. Calyx purple. Corolla
yellow. Legume glabrous.

N. Patagon., high plane near Trelew.

3. H. TRIPOLI ATA Cav.

Nearly stemless. Pinnce 3 ; leaflets ovate, tomentose. Legumes erect,
villous (glabrous here, Speg.).
Patagon., passim.

H. TRIFOLIATA PENTAPHYLLA Speg.

Leaflets 5, some 3. Stipules ovate, acutish ; they and the leaflets elliptic-
subovate, nervulose.

N. Patagon., at confluence of Limay and Neuquen.

494 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

6. ZUCCAGNIA Cav.

Glutinous shrubs, with even-pinnate leaves, and small, caducous stipules.
Leaflets small, coriaceous. Terminal racemes of yellow flowers, having
very short calyx-tiibe, and subequal segments ; stamens 10, free, bent down,
filaments hairy at base. Ovary short-stalked, i -seeded. Legume short,
flat ; the seed pendent.
Only species :

Z. PUNCTATA Cav.

Leaflets 7-8 pairs, alternate, elliptic, glutinous, punctate.
Shrub over i meter high, with tortuose branches.
(Mountains of Chili) ; N. Patagon.

7. C^SALPINIA Linn.

Trees or climbing shrubs, sometimes spinescent, with bipinnate leaves
and racemose, yellow or red flowers. Calyx-tube short, its lowest seg-
ment often large. Stamens 10, declined, anthers all similar, dehiscing by
slits. Legume short, compressed, coriaceous, 2-valved, or thick and inde-
hiscent, often septate. Seeds few.

Species 40, in warm parts of both hemisperes.

i. C. GLAUCA (Ort. sub Larred] O. Ktze. (Hoffmanseggia DC.)
Root creeping, here and there tuberous. Stem decumbent, scarcely

suffruticose. Leaflets 3-6 pairs and terminal, ovate-oblong, glaucous.

Pods falciform.

(Boliv. ; Argent); Patagon.

C. GLAUCA ANDINA Phil.

Depauperate, nearly stemless.
(Bolivia) ; Patagon.

C. GLAUCA PAUCIGLANDULOSA O. Ktze.

Glands sparse, or none, or confined to the inflorescence.
Patagon.

2. C. PR^ECOX Ruiz. & Pav.

Tree. Petioles of the even-bipinnate leaves, ending in a spine. Pinnce
3 pairs, each having 5-7 pairs of small, emarginate leaflets. Stipular
spines strong, conical. Legumes straight.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon. by Rio Negro.

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS^E. 495

Subfamily ///. PAPILIONACE^E.

8. GOURLI^A Gill.

Shrub, with spinescent branches, odd-pinnate leaves with many small
leaflets, and short, racemes of small, golden flowers, crowded at the nodes.
Calyx with its two upper lobes truncate, subconnate. Petals long-
clawed ; the standard broad orbicular ; the keel shorter than the wings,
obtuse. Stamens free or united at the base. Ovules numerous ; but
legume short, subdrupaceous, with only i or 2 seeds.

Only species :

G. DECORTICANS Hook. & Arn.

Nearly 2 meters high ; bearing edible drupes which form the chief food
of the Indians of the Grand Chaco. "Chanar."

(Fig. G in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 3, p. 196.) (Argentina) ; N. Patagon.
by the Rio Negro and Limay.

9. SOPHORA Linn.

Mostly shrubby, with unequally pinnate leaves, having many small, or
few large, leaflets, often with stipels ; and white to yellow or bluish-violet
flowers in panicled racemes. Bracts small or none. Calyx-teeth short.
Standard broad, rounded, mostly shorter than the rather straight keel.
Wings long, oblique. Stamens free or rarely united at base. Legume
shortly stiped. Style bent, with small, terminal stigma. Fruit terete or
slightly compressed, contracted between the numerous seeds, indehiscent
or at length dehiscing. Seeds ovoid to globular.

Species 25, most in warm climates.

Section Edwardsia has legume 4-winged, with eight species (E. Indies,
N. Zeal.; Hawaii and Andina).

S. TETRAPTERA J. Mill. (Edwardsia macnabiana Graham.)
(E. grandiflora Salisb.)

A tree of variable habit. Branches of the young slender and flexuose,
of the old straight, with fulvous, silky hair. Leaves exstipulate, 13-15
cm. long, the petioles slender, stout and silky or rusty ; leaflets 6-40 pairs,
varying from broad-obcordate to linear-oblong, retuse or 2-lobed ; in the
young smaller, broader, glabrous. Flowers 25-50 mm. long, yellow, on

496 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

axillary, 4-8-flowered racemes. Calyx silky, gibbous, its mouth oblique.
Standard short, obtuse, scarcely reflected. Legume 3-12 cm. long, its
joints oblong, 4-angled and 4-winged. Seeds oblong, pale yellowish
brown ; cotyledons very consolidated.

A large and a small variety in New Zealand, abundant; the small
form is also common in Juan Fernandez and S. Chili.

10. ANARTHROPHYLLUM Benth.

Branching, somewhat silky, rigid shrubs. Leaves small, entire or 3-
cleft, mostly spinescent, united below with the stipules into a ring.
Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches, reddish-yellow. Calyx tubu-
lar, its 2 upper lobes free ; its 3 lower lobes united into a lip. Wings
oblong. Keel obtuse, once plaited on each side. Stamens all connate in
a sheath, open above ; anthers alternately long-basifixed, and short-versa-
tile. Ovary subsessile, ovules few. Style incurved, glabrous, with capi-
tate stigma. Legume obliquely ovate-cuspidate, or narrow, compressed.

Species 8, extra-tropical S. Amer.

*

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

The species with petiolate, silky, trisect leaves, having spinose, subulate, segments are chiefly
as by O. Kuntze :

a. Petals pilose externally, exceeding the calyx.
b. Leaf-segments, 5-10 mm. long.

c. Calyx, lower lip tridentate. bergii Hier.

c2. Calyx, lower lip trisect. rigidum Hier.

62. Leaf-segments 10-20 mm. long.

c. Calyx, lower lip tridentate. Petals subequal, erect. (Genista elegans.)

elegans Ph.
C2. Calyx, lower lip trisect, with subulate segments.

d. Petals orange, unequal, wings and keel straight, about twice as long as the vexil-
lum. morenonis O. Ktze.

d2. Petals yellow, subequal, keel deflex. toninii O. Ktze.

£3. Leaves and stipules ovate, mucronate, spinulose, silky. Flowers yellow.

subandinum Speg.

a2. Petals glabrous externally, scarcely exceeding the calyx. beaufilsii O. Ktze.

#3. Standard broad, only half as long as the wings. desideratum.

The genus is divisible into two subgenera: (i) Amerophyllum, with
entire leaves ; (2) Trimerophyllum, with trifid or tripartite leaves.

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS^E. 497

i. ANARTHROPHYLLUM BEAUFILSII O. Ktze.

Petals glabrous externally, scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes. Calyx
tomentose ; its lower lip produced, 3-toothed. Wings and keel produced,
twice as long as the standard.

Patagon., by Sta. Cruz.

2. A. DESIDERATUM Benth. (DC. sub Genista.}

Trimerophyllum. Branches unarmed, terete. Leaflets 3, linear-subu-
late, apically pungent, appressed-pubescent, silky. ' Flowers pediceled.
Standard broad, only half as long as the wings. Legumes pubescent.

Varies in size of leaf-segments, degree of silkiness, etc., and may reach
nearly 3 meters high. " Not sufficiently known," O. Ktze. ( = A.bergii
Hier. ?)

S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado. By Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz. Fuegia.

Flowering Nov. 2 1 ; by Rio Chubut and Rio Gallegos.

Under A. desideratum, Speg. gives 3 forms.

(1) bergi or typica ; lobes of leaves 5-10 mm. long ; lower lip of calyx,
briefly 3-toothed.

(2) merenonis, lobes of leaves 10-20 mm., lip of calyx 3-cleft to the
middle.

(3) musferstSpeg., lobes of leaves 15-35 mm-> lip of calyx 3-partite to
the base.

3. A. ELEGANS Benth. (Gill, sub Genista.}

Trimerophyllum. Leaves 3-partite, their segments elongate-subulate,
canaliculate, acute, pungent, spinescent, appressed-silky. Stipules as long,
lanceolate, united at base. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Legumes
linear-lanceolate, silky, 5-6-seeded, the valves at length spirally twisted
and glabrous. Beautiful scarlet, paler in sicco.

N. Patagon. S. Patagon., by J. B. Hatcher, in dense tufts, 2-3 feet in
diameter; (by Barnum Brown, Nov. 10, 1899).

4. A. MORENONIS O. Ktze.

Petals orange, unequal. Standard only half as long as the other petals.
Patagon. (M. & T.)

5. A. RIGIDUM (Gill.) Hieron.

Trimerophyllum. Leaves and buds bitter, pale green. Leaf-segments
long cuspidate-mucronate. Flowers orange, on a small, silky-canescent

498 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

*

pedicel, sessile in 2's or 3's. Lower calyx- segment longer, 3-toothed.
Standard greatly exceeding the wings, dorsally hoary.
N. and S. Patagon.

6. ANARTHROPHYLLUM SUBANDINUM Speg.

Amerophyllum. Low, perennial, densely fastigiate, branching, silky-
silvery. Leaves not divided, rigid, crowded. Stipules ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, equalling the scarcely narrower limb, and like it mucronate-
spinulose. Flowers acrogenous, solitary ; calyx hoary-silvery, trifid, the
lower lip 3-toothed, as long as the concolorous pedicel. Corolla twice as
long, yellow, the standard equalling the wings and keel. Legume sub-
linear-lanceolate, appressed, silvery-silky, its valves after dehiscence spirally
twisted.

Chubut, in dry hills near Nafofo-cahuellu.

A. SUBANDINUM NAHUELHUAPIENSIS Speg.

Stouter than the species, 40-70 cm. high, branches long, slender.
Leaves on ends of branches relaxed, and flowers solitary in their axils.
Patagon., in rocky hills by Rio Collon-cura.

7. A. TONINII O. Ktze. (A. rigidum toninii Speg.)
Petals yellow, subequal, pilose ; keel deflexed, mostly taller than the type
(1-150 cm.), leaf-segments longer than in A. rigidum, but not separable.
Patagonia, near Trelew and near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

ii. LUPINUS Linn. Lupine.

Herbs, with digitate leaves, stipules adnate to the petioles, and with
terminal racemes or spikes of showy flowers. Calyx deeply 2-lipped.
Sides of standard reflexed. Keel falcate, pointed. Stamens 10, mona-
delphous ; anthers alternately longer and shorter. Pod flat, often nar-
rowed between the seeds.

Species 100, in temperate and warm regions.

I. L. BRACTEOLARIS DesrOUSS.

Annual, with ovate-lanceolate stipules, and obovate-oblong leaflets,
villous on both sides. Flowers alternate, pediceled, bracteolate. Upper
calyx-lip bipartite ; lower 3-cleft.

(Montevideo.)

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS^E. 499

LUPINUS BRACTEOLARIS DEPAUPERATUS O. Ktze.

Nearly stemless, scarcely 8 cm. high.
Patagon.

2. L. CRUCKSHANKSII Hook. (?).

Glabrous. Stem erect, fistulous or flattened. Leaves subremote, with
6-8-leaflets ; these narrowly obovate-oblong, or elliptical, or subcuneate,
apically obtuse, basally acute. Racemes terminal, lax, few-flowered.
Flowers alternate or subverticillate, large (bluish when dry). Legume
oblong, or obovate-oblong, shortly pilose, 3~4-seeded. Seeds white,
shining.

(Chili) ; Magellan. "The Magellan forms have long leaves with 8-12
leaflets, which are oblanceolate, 70 by 18 mm. ; racemes dense, 40 cm.
long." (Speg.)

3. L. MICROCARPUS Sims.

Erect annual with verticillate flowers, having sides of the vexillum reflexed;
ovules 2, with broad cotyledons. Villous, with long hairs. Stipules long-
setaceous ; leaves mostly approximate on long petioles ; leaflets about 9,
obtuse or emarginate, or sometimes acutish, smooth on upper surface.
Pedicels 2-4 mm. ; bracts subulate-setaceous, as long as the calyx, or
shorter. Calyx large, villous ; lips short. Petals purple to white, sub-
equal, 13 mm. long ; carina subciliate. Legume villous, ovate.

(N. W. Amer., Chili) ; Patagon., by Rio Chubut, and confluence of
RR. Neuquen and Limay.

12. ULEX Linn. Furze.

Shrubs, with stiff spine-like branches and leaves, and large, yellow, solitary
or spiked flowers. Calyx deeply 2-lipped.

Stamens 10, monadelphous. Legume ovoid to linear. Seeds strophi-
olate. Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 3, p. 237, F.

Species 10, chiefly European.

U. NANUS Forst.

Decumbent, with glabrous, linear leaves and branches. Bracts minute,
appressed. Calyx rather glabrous, its teeth lanceolate, distant.

(W. Eur.) ; Patagon. ; immigrant to Brazil and Magellan ; also in N.
Afr. The European Furze (U. etiropceus L.) is now in the Cape, and in
Australia, and in parts of the United States ; it is a beautiful pest.

500 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

13. MEDICAGO Linn. Medic.

Herbs, with small, trifoliolate leaves, and small, yellow or violet flowers
in axillary heads or racemes. Leaf-veins pinnate, ending in teeth. Sta-
mens diadelphous, i and 9. Legumes curved or spirally twisted, i -few-
seeded.

Species 50, natives of the Old World.

1. M. HISPIDA Gaertn.

Glabrous. Stems procumbent. Leaflets obcordate, toothed ; stipules
ciliate-to9thed. Pedtmcles 3-5-flowered. Pods cochleate, glabrous, 3-
cycled, obliquely flexuose-nervose, marginally aculeate, the aculeae long,
hamate. Seeds reniform, subtruncate, yellow.

(S. Eur.)

M. HISPIDA DENTICULATA Willd.

Leaflets cuneate at the base. Flowers in short heads. Legumes spirally
twisted, spiny on the edges, several-seeded.

(Eurasia, and adventive in N. Amer.); Patagon., by Rio Negro; and
near Rawson (Dusen) ; Magellan.

2. M. LUPULINA Linn.

Leaflets narrowed or rounded at base. Flower-head oblong. Legumes
curved into a partial spire, black, not spiny, i -seeded.

(Eurasia and N. Amer.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro; Magellan.
(Dusen.)

3- M. MACULATA Willd.

Stems prostrate. Leaflets obcordate or obovate, dentate, spotted. Stip-
ules dentate. Peduncles 3-5-flowered. Legumes cochleate on both sides,
compressed, whitish, with 3~5-cycles, nervulose, with anastomosing spines.
Seeds reniform, yellow.

(Europe) ; N. Patagon., by waysides along Rio Negro.

4. M. OBSCURA Retz.

Decumbent, annual. Leaflets rhombic, obovate, denticulate ; the nerves
prominent. Stipules lanceolate, deeply toothed. Racemes many-flowered.
Legumes reniform or orbicular, cochleate, veiny, entire, glabrous, 2-seeded.
Seeds reniform brown.

(S. Eur.); Magellan, "doubtless introduced." (Dusen.)

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS^E. 501

5. MEDICAGO SATIVA Linn. Purple Medic, Alfalfa.

Perennial, with violet flowers. Leaflets oblanceolate or obovate. Stip-
ules entire. Pod coiled, hairy, not prickly.

(Eur., introduced into N. Amer.) ; Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, Rio
Chubut, and Rio Negro.

14. MELILOTUS Juss.

Herbs, with trifoliolate leaves, and small, white or yellow flowers in
slender racemes. Leaf-veins pinnate, commonly ending in teeth. Sta-
mens diadelphous, i and 9. Legume ovoid or globose, straight. Seeds
i or few.

Species 20, of Old World ; some naturalized in America.

M. INDICA All. (M. parviflora Desf.)

Stem ascending. Lower leaflets round-obovate, entire ; upper oblong,
obscurely toothed. Stipules linear-setaceous. Flowers yellow, small,
densely spiked. Legumes ovate, wrinkled, greenish-yellow, i -seeded.
Seed ovate, rugose, brown.

(S. Eur.) ; N. Patagon., common by the RR. Negro and Limay.

15. TRIFOLIUM Linn. Clover, Trefoil.

Herbs, with trifoliolate leaves and stipules adnate to the petioles ; and
purple, pink or yellow flowers in heads or dense spikes. Calyx-teeth
subequal. Claws of petals slightly united to the tube of the diadelphous
(i and 9) stamens. Legume oblong, i-6-seeded.

Species 250, chiefly natives of N. Temp, zone ; some in S. Afr. and
S. Amer.

I. T. ARGENTINENSE Speg.

Glabrous perennial. Stems diffuse, rooting at the nodes, roots often
thickish. Leaflets obovate, retuse, denticulate ; stiptiles lanceolate, mucro-
nate. Flowers all axillary, dimorphous ; some hypogaean, cleistogamic ;
others on long scapes, capitate-pedicelled, at length deflexed. Calyx-
lobes narrow, long, acute, the upper pair much connate. Corolla long-
exsert, ochroleucous or pink, fragrant. Legume 2-seeded ; the seeds sub-
ovoid, and subflavescent.

(Argentina, near La Plata); N. Patagon, by Rio Negro, rare.

5O2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. TRI FOLIUM POLYMORPHUM Poir.

Villous, creeping. Leaflets obcordate, cuneiform, denticulate, nervose.
Stipules broad with deflexed mucro. Heads subrotund, long-peduncled,
axillary, at length deflexed. Calyx-lobes short, subtetragonal. Standard
long.

(Argentina); Magellan.

3. T. REPENS Linn. White Clover.

Creeping perennial, nearly glabrous. Heads on long peduncles, glo-
bose, white or pinkish, 16 mm. in diameter. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets
usually obovate, denticulate.

Temp. Eurasia, Nat. in Amer.; N. Patagon, by Rio Negro.

1 6. GALEGA Linn.

Glabrous, perennial herbs, with odd-pinnate leaves, entire, venous leaf-
lets, semisagittate stipules, and white or blue flowers in both axillary and
terminal bracted racemes. Calyx-teeth subequal. Standard obovate-
oblong. Keel obtuse. Stamens 10, united in a closed tube. Ovules
several. Legume linear-terete, acuminate, striate. Seeds transversely
oblong.

Species 3. W. Asia and S. Eur.

G. OFFICINALIS Linn.

Leaflets lanceolate, mucronate. Racemes exceeding the leaves. (Fig.
in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 3, p. 268, H.)

N. Patagon., banks of Rio Negro (introduced).

17. ASTRAGALUS Linn.

Herbs, sometimes woody, with odd-pinnate (rarely simple) leaves, and
blue, violet, or yellow flowers, mostly in spikes or racemes. Calyx-teeth
subequal. Standard erect, ovate or oblong. Wings oblong. Keel ob-
tuse, equalling the wings. Stamens diadelphous (i and 9), anthers all
similar. Legume often ovoid, i-2-celled, the sutures mostly intruding.
Seeds several.

Species 1,000, most in N. Asia; many in W. and S. United States,
(not in S. Africa or Australia).

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS/E. 503

(Includes sec. Phaca, often regarded as a distinct genus, having mostly
yellow flowers, in lax racemes or solitary, and i -celled legumes.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Racemes capituliform.

b. Leaflets acute, elliptical-lanceolate, plane. Low, silky, white. chubutcnsis.

62. Leaflets obtuse, sometimes notched.
c. Leaflets plicate.

d. Leaflets 6-jugous, elliptical-ovate. Flowers yellow. ameghinoi.

d2. Leaflets 7— lo-jugous, obcordate. Flowers violet and yellow. domeykoanus.

dT,. Leaflets small. Flowers ochroleucous. Pod narrow. sancta-crucis.

c2. Leaflets mostly plicate, oblong, 7-8-jugous. Pod inflated. paletue.

^•3. Leaflets oblong-cuneate, /-g-jugous. Flowers violet and yellow. Pod compressed.

cruckshanksii.
A2. Racemes short, few-flowered.

b. Leaflets linear, plicate, falcate, 5-6-jugous. Flowers blue with yellow. Pod flat, silky.

patagonicus.

b2. Leaflets plane, cuneate, cloven, 5-jugous. Pod linear, refract. tehuelches.

£3. Leaflets oblong, retuse, 6-io-jugous, hoary. Flowers purple, small. arnottianus.

64. Leaflets oblong-elliptical, 6-jugous, plicate. Pod oval-inflated. brevicaulis.

b$. Leaflets oblong-obovate, 5-ii-jugous, glabrous. Flowers white. Pod stiped, oblong.

pchuenches.
A$. Racemes 6-io-flowered. Leaflets 7-10 jugous, linear-oblong, silky beneath. Flowers

white, violet tips. (= distinens) bergii.

Atf. Racemes 1 0-15 -flowered. Leaflets lo-jugous, linear. Ashy. Stipules free, rengifoi.
A$. Raceme spiciform, many -flowered. Leaflets 9-13, narrow -linear, obtuse. Flowers yellow-
white, distinens.
A6. Raceme apical on long peduncle. Leaflets io-14-jugous, elliptical, obtuse. Flowers

ruddy-yellow. procumbens.

Aj. Ovary hoary. Young leaves lax-villous. moyanoi,

i. ASTRAGALUS AMEGHINOI Speg.

Euastragalus. Low, synochreate perennial, all appressed-pubescent,
hoary or villous-silvery. Brandies slender, procumbent. Leaves small,
unequally pinnate, almost from the middle. Leaflets about 6 pairs, ellip-
tic-obovate, complicate, obtuse. Racemes capituliform, the pedicel shorter
than the subtending leaf. Flowers subsessile, small. Calyx almost all
appressed-black-pubescent, 5-fid, the lobes narrow, acute, equalling the
tube. Corolla glabrous, yellow (?), lightly surpassing the calyx ; the vex-
illum and wings surpassing the keel.

Legumes almost sessile, subglobose, mediocre, rigid-coriaceous, densely
hoary-villous, scarcely umbonate-apiculate, many seeded. Height 5-25
cm. ; root subligneous, as long as the stem.

504 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Patagon., in dry rocky places between San Julian and Rio Deseado, and
by Golfo de San Jorge.

2. ASTRAGALUS ARNOTTIANUS (Gill, sub Phaca].

Appressed-pubescent, hoary. Stems cespitose, prostrate, short, leafy.
Leaflets 6-10 pairs, oblong, retuse. Stipides membranaceous, pilose,
united to middle. Racemes peduncled, short, scarcely as long as the
leaf. Flowers purple, small ; bracts minute. Calyx white, pilose. Le-
gume .ovate, inflated, subreticulate.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen.

3. A. BERGII Hieron.

Undershrub. Stems numerous, slender, appressed-hairy. Leaflets 7-10
pairs, linear-oblong, silky beneath, obtuse, i cm. by 2 mm. Stipzdes 5
mm., connate to middle. Peduncles twice as long as the leaves ; racemes
6-io-flowered. Calyx-teeth subulate, with black and white hairs mixed.
Petals white-violet, spotted at apex. (*4. distinens, fide Speg.)

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, by rocks near Rio Chubut.

4. A. BREVICAULIS Dusen. (Phaca.]

Low, hairy perennial. Stems numerous, slender, 15 cm. high. Stipules
amplexicaul, entire, obtuse. Leaflets from middle of rachis, 6 pairs, 7
mm. long, petiolulate, linear to oblong-elliptic, conduplicate, emarginate,
white-hairy beneath. Peduncles erect, about 5-flowered. Pedicels
hooked, black-hairy, long bracteolate. Calyx-teeth long-triangular, black-
hairy. Legume oval-inflated, with persistent style. ( = A. cruikschanksii
Griseb., 1877, non Phaca cruckshanksii Hook & Arn., 1833.)

E. Fuegia (Dus6n).

5- A. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Low, cespitose, synochreate perennial, all silky villoiis-white. Branches
•very short, crowded. Leaves mediocre, erect, imparipinnate ; stipules
large, villous, bifid, with acute lobes. Rachis leafy about from the middle ;
leaflets elliptical or lanceolate, plane, subcoriaceous. Racemes capituli-
form, the subtending leaf 2-3 times as long as the pedicels. Flowers
few, sessile ; calyx fuscous downwards, hoary-villous, 5-cleft upwards ; the

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS/E. 505

lobes linear-subulate, longer than the -tube. Corolla bluish, a third ex-
ceeding the calyx ; standard and wings clearly exceeding the keel. Ovary
appressed, pubescent-hoary.

Patagonia, in dry places by Rio Chubut, near Lago Musters and Car-
ren-leofu. Root 15-25 cm. long. Its acute, elliptical or lanceolate leaves
distinguish it from A. meyeniamis Speg. and A. philippii Speg.

6. ASTRAGALUS CRUCKSHANKSII (Hook. & Arn. sub Phaca].

Somewhat robust, decumbent, hoary or glabrous. Leaflets, 7-9 pairs,
oblong-cuneate, obtuse or emarginate ; stipules ovate, acuminate, the
lower concrete. Racemes capitate, lax, longer than the leaf. Flowers
rather large, yellow-violaceous, spreading. Bracts small. Calyx and
pedicels black, appressed-pilose. Vexillum large ; legume oblong, corneo-
coriaceous, thick, compressed, transversely striate-reticulate, subpilose,
with marginal sutures.

(Chilian Cordilleras) ; Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge, Rio Sta. Cruz,
Killik Aike (by Barnum Brown).

The pubescence of the calyx may be either white or black. Speci-
mens from South Patagonia have the leaflets smaller and broader than
the type (3.9 by 2.3 mm.), and more obtuse or nearly 2-lobed ; calyx with
white silky pubescence. Legume subacute both ways, glabrous, with the
upper suture introflexed. (Speg.) Large handsome flowers and hard fruit.

7. A. DISTINENS Macl. (Phaca distans A. Gray, 1854, non

A. distans Fischer, 1853.)

Slender, finely pubescent annual. Stipules ovate-subulate, partly
united. Leaflets 9-13, narrow-linear, obtuse, involute when young.
Racemes axillary, spike-like, many-flowered. Pedicels short, recurved.
Calyx white-brown, hairy. Corolla yellow-white. Legume ovoid, sessile,
i cm. long ; the sutures slightly intruding.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

8. A. DOMEYKOANUS (Ph.) Reiche. ( Tragacantha procumbens

glabrescens O. Ktze.)

Low, branching, suffrutescent, stems green. Leaves glabrescent,
longer than the internodes, 3 cm., of which the petiole is one third. Leaf-
lets 7-10 pairs, obcordate, plicate, notched at apex, sometimes with

506 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

divergent lobes, small. Stipules large, connate, oppositifoliose. Flowers
3-8 in a head. Bracts narrow. Calyx covered with black hairs, its teeth
narrow, as long as its tube. Corolla 2-3 times as long, standard viola-
ceous, wings yellow, twice as long as the keel. Legume ovate, apically
attenuate, covered with black hairs.

(Chili) ; Chubut, in the mountains by Carren-leofu.

9. ASTRAGALUS MOYANOI Speg.

A. MOYANOI VILLOSULUS Speg.

Upper part of stems obsoletely pilose, and younger leaves lax-villous.
Ovary ventrally hoary-pubescent.

Chubut, in dry hills near Carren-leofu.

10. A. PALEN/E (Phil.) Reiche.

Perennial, coriaceous, except the young parts. Mature leaves with
appressed hairs. Stem slender, flexuose. Leaves 7 cm. long, the petiole
one fourth of this ; y-S-pairs of oblong, obtuse, mostly plicate leaflets,
i cm. long. Stipules connate as an oppositifoliose sheath. Inflorescence
exceeding the leaf, capitate. Rachis and calyx with black hairs ; calyx-
teeth subulate, as long as the tube. Wings shorter than keel. Flower-
heads at length arched downwards. Legume ovoid, inflated, with 12 seeds.

Chubut, in dry hills by Carren-leofu. Standard and apex of keel sky-
blue.

A. PALEN^E GRANDIFLORUS Speg.

Taller than the species. Leaflets 10-12 pairs, obovate, complicate,
apically emarginate-subtruncate. Flowers larger, 15—18 mm. long,
Ovary always glabrous.

N. Patagon., dry meadows near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

ii. A. PATAGONICUS (Phil, sub Phaca] Speg.

Perennial, multicipital, with white, silky leaves. Branches short ; stipules
scarious, connate, funnelform, sheathing. Leaflets 5-6 pairs, linear, plicate,
falcate. Peduncles axillary, as long as the leaves ; raceme short, 6-flow-
ered. Calyx black, hirsute, its teeth subulate, rather short. Corolla blue,
with some yellow, more than twice as long as the calyx. Legume silky,
ashy and black, compressed-elliptical.

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS^E. 507

Patagon., on pampas by Coy Inlet (Peterson) ; Rio Sta. Cruz and
Gallegos. Magellan, by valley of Lago Blanco, and Rio Chubut.

12. ASTRAGALUS PEHUENCHES Ndrln.

Phaca. Herb, from thick root, 15 cm. high, glabrous, leafy. Leaflets 5-1 1
pairs, rusty, petiolulate, oblong-obovate, obtuse, glandular, the young
hairy. Stipules slender, free, acuminate, ciliate. Peduncles axillary, 3
cm. long, 4-5-flowered. Bracts small ; bractlets smaller. Calyx-teeth
acuminate, upper pair more remote. Petals white, twice as long ; stan-
dard obovate. Stamens diadelphous, i free and 9 united halfway.
Stigma capitate, style smooth. Legume oblong, glabrous, stipitate.
Seeds 5.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

13. A. PROCUMBENS Hook. & Arn.

Stem slender, procumbent, 30 cm. long, white-woolly especially upwards.
Stipules large, oval, amplexicaul, scarious-yellow. Petioles long, weak,
setaceous, villous. Leaflets 10-14 pairs, elliptical, obtuse, entire, villous
below. Peduncles long, woolly, floriferous at apex. Bracts long, lance-
olate, scarious. Pedicels black. Calyx hairy ; its teeth long. Corolla
ruddy-yellow. Legtime triquetrous, pubescent. Seeds several.

N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

14. A. RENGIFOI Phil.

Ashy, with sessile and appressed hairs. Stems various from the same
root. Leaves 8 cm. long, the petiole being one fourth of this. Leaflets
10 pairs, linear, sometimes emarginate. Stipules free, long-triangular,
with white hairs and a green midrib, a row of black hairs below them.
Inflorescence exceeding the leaves, flowers 10-15, short-pediceled. Bracts
very short. Calyx short tubular, with very short teeth, having black and
white hairs. Standard twice as long as the calyx, bluish. Wings exceed-
ing the keel. Legume nearly 2 cm. long, cylindrical, coriaceous, slightly
curved, appressed-pubescent.

(Atacama.)

A. RENGIFOI LEIOCARPUS Speg.

(A young specimen.) Differing from the type by absence of the sub-
stipular ring of hairs, and by the ovaries being glabrous, and the (imma-
ture) ovary being narrower and longer.

508 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen.

15. ASTRAGALUS SANCTVE-CRUCIS Speg.

Suffruticose perennial, multicipital, stipules connate. All parts with
minutely appressed, cinereous pubescence ; branches short. Stipules
minutely triangular, connate. Leaflets nearly to base of leaf, 6-8 pairs,
glabrous above, plicate, obtuse, small. The axillary peduncles not
exceeding the leaves, capitately floriferous. Flowers small. Calyx-teeth
as long as the tube. Corolla ochroleucous. Pod narrow.

S. Patagon., at Monte Leon by R. Sta. Cruz.

1 6. A. TEHUELCHES Speg.

Phaca, low, synochreate, glabrate to hoary ; branches subprocumbent,
terete. Stipules small, acutely bidentate. Leaves mediocre, one third part
of the petiole naked, imparipinnate, with about 6 pairs of plane cuneate,
bilobed leaflets, their lobes acute. Racemes axillary, not half as long as
the subtending leaf, few-flowered. Calyx scarcely white-puberulous, 5-
cleft, teeth subulate-acute, shorter than the tube. Corolla? Legumes
refract, sublinear, triquetrous-scaphoid, acute both ways, with obtuse
margins, pale-glabrous, scarcely nervulose.

Chubut, in sandy places along Rio Chico. Allied to A. sanctce-crucis ,
but distinguished by the softer, larger, refract pods, and the flat leaflets
resembling a goat's cloven-foot. (Speg.)

1 8. TRAGACANTHA Tourn. (Section of Astragalus

in Eng. & Prantl.)

Low shrubs, like Astragalus, of which it is commonly regarded as a
section. Stigma not hairy. Hairs of other parts simple. Calyx turbi-
nate, with pointed base, sessile. Pod shorter than the calyx, i -celled,
mostly i seeded. Leaves odd-pinnate, or even-pinnate and the rachis
then ending in a thorn. Stipules connate.

Species 150, chiefly in Mediterr. region to S. W. Asia. (Fig. in Eng.
& Prantl, iii, 3, p. 295.)

T. PROCUMBENS GLABRESCENS O. KtZC.

Glabrescent. Patagon.

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS/E.

509

19. GLYCYRRHIZA Linn. Licorice.

Herbs, with thick, sweet roots, odd-pinnate leaves, and spicate or capi-
tett flowers. Standard narrow, short-clawed ; keel shorter than the wings.
Stamens diadelphous, i and 9, anthers alternately large and small. Le-
gume sessile, prickly or glandular, continuous between the few seeds.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 3, p. 300, E, F.)

Species 15, N. Temperate; S. Amer. and Australia.

G. ASTRAGALINA Gill. & Hook.

Glabrous, but glandular. Root and stock creeping. Leaflets, 4-5 pairs,
linear-oblong, retuse, mucronate. Spikes lax, axillary, on peduncles
exceeding the leaves. Flowers blue. Legume moniliform, glabrous.

(Chili, whence it descends along the river valleys); Patagonia, Irom
Bahia Blanca to Magellan. N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay
and Neuquen ; at Carmen de Patagones ; along Rio Chubut. Leaves
obovate, spikes equalling the leaves. (Speg.)

The root tastes as licorice. "A decoction of the resinous leaves is
administered to women after child-birth." " Curuzu ; Milpi."

20. PATAGONIUM Schrank (Adesmia DC.).

Herbs or undershrubs, mostly unarmed, with odd- or even-pinnate,
sometimes 2-3-foliolate, exstipellate leaves, and yellow, or red-striate
flowers, solitary or in terminal or axillary
racemes. Bracts small ; no bractlets. (Fig.

75-)

Calyx-lobes subequal, or the lowest slightly
longer ; standard orbiculate, keel slightly
shorter. Stamens free, but the two upper
filaments often broad-based, and united to
the standard. Ovary sessile ; stigma small,
terminal. Legume with straight upper suture,
and sinuate lower. Seeds 2-several.

Species 90, in S. America, chiefly Andean ;

7 J

numerous in Patagonia though characteristic of
a warm and dry climate.

(As the generic name has been only recently resurrected, most of the

FIG. 75.-

Patagonium.—c, c, p. camosum,
flowerinflg shoot ^df '^ *' P'

negen, flower. (After Dusen. )

510 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

specific descriptions have originally appeared under Adesmia.*} Rela-
tively to the fruit the genus has 3 sections, viz :

1 i ) Leiocarpum : Legumes glabrous, smooth or verrucose.

(2) Dasycarpum : legumes puberous, hispid or villous, with simple
hairs.

(3) Ptilocarpum : legumes with villous or plumose setae.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Unarmed, herbs or shrubs.
b. Flowers solitary in the axis.

c. Dwarf, subcespitose, silky villous. Leaflets 5-8 pairs. Flowers large, on long ped-
icels. (= villosum f) morenonis.
C2. Woody decumbent. Leaflets 3 pairs. Standard violet-lined. pannfolium.
c$. Woody diffuse. Leaflets 7-5 pairs, glabrous, small, retuse. Legume tomentose.

retusum.

£4. Diffuse, woolly undershrub. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Legume 3-jointed. lanatum.
c$. Prostrate, silky herb. Leaflets 5-7 pairs. Flowers large. Legumes 2-3-jointed.

villosum.

c€. Appressed silky, with woody stem. Leaflets 2, sessile. lotoidcs.

cj. Viscid, creeping herb. Leaflets 3 5 pairs, ciliate-toothed. Legume lo-jointed

hairy. pumilum.

c8. Low, snowy-silky. Leaflets 3. suffocalum.

eg. Leaves and pedicels long; leaflets 3-4 pairs. Flowers orange. Legume 4-5-jointed.

leptopodum.
62. Flowers solitary, terminal. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, trifoliolate.

c. Cespitose perennial, with crowded leaves. Flowers golden. Legume glabrous.

salicornioides.
c2. Low with woody, leafless base. Flowers orange. Legume tubercled, hairy.

carnosum.
b$. Flowers in axillary racemes, small.

c. Leaflets 6-7 pairs, emarginate, truncate. affine.

c2. Trifoliolate, smaller upwards. trifoliatum.

64. Terminal raceme and axillary flowers. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, glandular. Legume 4-8-

jointed, muricate. muricatum.

b$. Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes. Leaflets 10-15 pairs and terminal cirrh us.

Legume 3-jointed, hairy-glandular. boronioides.

66. Flowers in terminal racemes.

c. Leaflets 3 pairs, thick. Flowers 1-6 in raceme, orange. amcghinoi.

C2. Leaflets 3-5 pairs. Undershrub.

d. Standard silky. Hoary. griseum.

dz. Standard glabrous. White-tomentose. candidum.

c$. Leaflets 4 pairs, smooth. Flowers purple. sylvestrii.

C4. Leaflets 11-13, silky, small. Legume bristly. Annual. filipes.

c$. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, pubescent.

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS^E. 511

d. Legume 7 8-jointed, rough pendent. pendulum.

d2. Legume 3-jointed, with feathery bristles. longipes.

c6. Leaflets 13. Legume 3-4-jointed, glandular. confertum.

cj. Leaflets 7-8 pairs, obcordate, viscid-punctate. Legume 9-1 3-jointed. retrofractum.
c8. Leaf-rachis produced phyllodially. Racemes few-flowered, pedicels bracteolate.

graminidium.
bj. The racemes terminal on the branches. Leaflets 3 pairs. Flowers orange. Legumes

many-jointed. tehuelchum.

68. Flowers paniculate. Leaflets 5—8 pairs and a terminal spine. Standard erect, maroon-
colored. Legume silky, muricate. mucronalum.
by. Racemes long, lax.

c. Leaflets 10—12 pairs, oblong, glabrous. Fruit lo-jointed, hispid. latifolium.

c2. Leaflets 4—11 pairs, linear-oblong, hoary. Fruit 2-jointed, hispid. incanum.
bio. Flowers minute, hidden. Leaves small, crowded ; leaflets 4 pairs, subobovate.

aphananthum.
A2. Spinescent shrubs.

b. Flowers solitary in the axils or fasciculate.

c. Low, cespitose, with black, subterraneous stem and ground-leaves. Hoary. Legume

4-jointed. subterraaeum.

c2. Branching, hoary shrubs. Leaflets 5—6 pairs, thickish. Flowers orange, with red

lines. Legume 4-jointed. negeri.

c$. Flowers on spinescent branches. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, thickish. Legume i -jointed.

patagonicum.
b2. Flowers in racemes.
c. Leaflets 4 pairs.

d. Erect, hairy ; leaves fasciculate. gracile.

d2. Cespitose, hoary ; old branches spiny. karraikense.

c2. Pubescent. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, small. Legume 3-S-jointed, bristly, trijugum.
^3. Leaflets 5—7 pairs, hoary. Black spot on pubescent standard. pungens.

b$. Flowers paniculate. Leaflets 4-6 pairs, hoary. Legume twisted, 3-4-jointed.

canescens.

i. PATAGONIUM AFFINE (Hook. f.).

Unarmed; racemed ; glandular-pubescent. Stem herbaceous, branch-
ing. Leaves odd-pinnate, with small stipules. Leaflets 6-7 pairs, peti-
olulate, linear-oblong, emarginate-truncate, obscurely ciliate-dentate.
Peduncles axillary, long, naked. Flowers small, calyx equal at the base,
its segments acute. Standard half exceeding the calyx.

Patagonia, from Bahia Blanca to Magellan.

2. P. AMEGHINOI (Speg.).

Unarmed. Perennial, low, cespitose. Leaves apically crowded, densely
pubescent. Leaflets 3 pairs, obovate, thick, entire. Flowers apical, soli-

512 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

tary or 3-6-racemed ; the peduncle exceeding the leaves, pubescent.
Calyx hairy, green, with red; its teeth linear, obtuse, long. Corolla
orange, little-exserted ; vexillum dorsally pubescent.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, and Gulf of San Jorge ; dry hills near

Nafofo-cahuellu.

3. PATAGONIUM APHANANTHUM Speg.

Dasycarpum. Low, unarmed perennial, all hoary-hispidulotts. Stems
many, laxly hemispherical, subcespitose. Leaves small, crowded towards
the ends of the branches, the base of the petiole connate with the stipules.
and folioliferous above the middle. Leaflets imparipinnate, 4 pairs and
an odd one, obovate or oblanceolate, spreading, pilose-hispidulous.

Flowers very small and difficult to see, solitary in the axils and cernu-
ous on moderate pedicels. Calyx 5-cleft beyond the middle, lobes acute,
hoary-rough. Corolla lutescent, vexillum excepted, glabrous. Legumes
very small, 2-3-jointed, basal joint glabrous, others rough.

Height 3-5 cm.

Chubut, at Teka-choique.

4. P. BORONIOIDES (Hook. f.).

Leiocarpum. Unarmed; racemed; suffruticose, glabrous, but with
viscid, wart-like glands. Stem 45 cm. high ; branches ascending, terete,
articulate. Leaves long on thick petioles, ending in a cirrhus, and with
inconspicuous stipules. Leaflets 10-15 pairs, small, sessile, broad-ovate,
toothed, coriaceous. Racemes lateral and terminal, obtuse, the bracteoles
short. Calyx broad-ovate, shortly 5-cleft, one third as long as the gla-
brous standard. Flowers 8 mm. long, yellow, streaked brown. Legume
3-jointed, glandulous.

Patagon., Rio Chubut ; Puerto Deseado ; Cape Fairweather ; Upper
Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.); W. Patagon., by Lago Toro
(Dusen); E. Fuegia (Ansorge). Not in S. Fuegia.

5. P. CANDIDUM (Hook. f).

Unarmed; racemed, frutescent ; white, with fine, appressed tomentum.
Paniculately branched upwards, the branches terete. Leaves sparse, pin-
nate, on thickish, canaliculate petioles ; with small, deciduous stipules.
Leaflets 3-5 pairs, oval-oblong, rounded at both ends, coriaceous, entire,
nerveless. Racemes lax, terminal, pendulous on short pedicels, bracteo-

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS^E.

late at their base. Calyx silky, its segments subacute. Standard twice
as long, glabrous.

Leaves 18 mm., long; leaflets 4-8 mm., margins recurved.
Patagon., on the E. Coast.

6. PATAGONIUM CANESCENS (A. Gray, sub Streptodesmid).
Armed by spiny branches and panicles; hoary, intricately branching
mdershrub. Leaves even-pinnate. Leaflets 4-6, oblong or ovate Pedi-
cels short, curved. Corolla yellow, not twice as long as the calyx
Legume 3-6-jointed, becoming spirally twisted; its joints 2-valved i-
seeded, falling separately.

N. Patagon., Rio Negro to Chubut.

7. P. CARNOSUM (Dusen).

Unarmed; not racemed, low, glabrous except the flowers. Stem 15
cm. high, thick, woody, branching, leafless below ; sheathed by dark
rugose stipules; the stipules connate, fleshy, with short lobes Lanes
crowded, short-petioled, trifoliolate, fleshy, clavate, with short, fugacious
tip Flowers terminal, solitary, orange. Calyx campanulate, equally e-
t to the middle. Corolla 2-3-times as long, its standard suborbicular
white-pilose, enclosing the wings and keel. Legume 2-4-jointed, tuber-
ular, white-pilose, bearing long, recurved remains of the style

of ^^-\aliCOnii0ideS °f Sp6g" bUt diffCring by the tubercular J'oi

E. Fuegia (Ansorge). A steppe plant.

8. P. CONFERTUM (Hook. & Arn.) Reiche.

Unarmed; racemed ; pinnate. Leaflets mostly 13, obovate-oblong
retuse, mucronate. Raceme terminal, many-flowered, with black glands
ktr '~2 Cm" defl£Xed ^ frUit LegmmS 3-4-Jointed, rough-glan-
Chili. Patagonia, Port San Julian; "apparently widely diffused be-

egon33; (M &5°T.)S- ^ °" ** '*** °f S' Amer/' J' ° H°ok-

9- P. FILIPES (A. Gray).

Unarmed; racemed ; pinnate. Slender annual, pubescent, glandular
erect, branching. Leaflets i i-I3, only 2-3 mm. long, oval, obtuse, gray"

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

ish, silky. Raceme terminal, long, few-flowered. Corolla yellow, twice
as long as the calyx. Legume villous, with plumose bristles.

Patagon.; by Rio Negro, Rio Chubut, and by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

(P. furcatum Phil, vide P. karraikense Speg.)

10. PATAGONIUM GRACILE (Meyen) Reiche.

Armed, racemed. Fruticose, the branches striate, pubescent. Leaves
subfasciculate. Leaflets 4 pairs, obovate-elliptic, mucronulate, puberu-
lous. Raceme short, ultimately spinose. Calyx hairy, its teeth long.
Legume many-jointed ; plumose.

(Chili ; Arg., llanos at Rio Maipo at 3,000 meters elevation.) S.
Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

II. P. GRAMINIDIUM Speg.

Ptilocarpum. Unarmed. Glabrous, green-subglaucous, perennial.
Stems erect, divaricate, flexuose, subangulate-terete, laxly leafy. Leaves
alternate, with short, ovate or lanceolate stipules. Petioles subterete, apically
without a joint, produced in 2 narrow-linear, long phyllodia (?), armed
between the leaflets with a small mucroniform point. Racemes acro-
genous, few-flowered ; pedicels bracteolate at the base, spreading, i -flow-
ered ; flowers mediocre ; calyx 5-cleft, muricate ; corolla glabrous, yellow-
testaceous. Loments often only i -jointed ; joint rather large, glabrous,
but laxly setose-plumose.

Chubut, in dry rocks by Golfo de San Jorge.

12. P. GRISEUM (Hook. f.).

Unarmed ; racemed ; pinnate. Hoary-pubescent undershrub, with
slender, flexuose branches. Petioles slender ; stipules small, subulate.
Leaflets 3-5 pairs, linear-obovate, obtuse, apiculate, entire, appressed,
silky. Racemes subterminal, long, few-flowered. Pedicels short, basi-
bracteolate. Calyx-teeth short, subulate. Standard twice as long, silky
on the back. Loments cernuose, 6-8-jointed, with plumose setae.

N. Patagon., and towards Buenos Aires ; " common, especially in sandy
ground, to 40 S. Lat." (J. Ball.) In sands at mouth of Rio Negro.

13. P. INCANUM (Vogel) O. Ktze.

Unarmed. Hoary-pubescent, and viscidulous-hispidulous. Stem suffru-
tescent, prostrate, branching ; branches ascending, angulate. Leaflets

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS/E. 515

4_! i-jugous, linear-oblong, sparsely pubescent. Racemes elongate, many-
flowered. Flowers largish ; calyx-teeth long. Legume 2-jointed, hispid.
(S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Carmen.

14. PATAGONIUM KARRAIKENSE (Speg.).

Armed; racemed ; pinnate. Small, cespitose shrub ; the old branches
becoming naked and spiniform ; the younger with crowded leaves, and
short, terminal racemes. Leaflets from middle of petiole, 4-pairs, and an
odd one, elliptic, entire, hoary. Flowers few, concealed in the upper leaves,
orange. Legume 4-5-jointed, with long, white, feathery setae.

A specimen in the Gray Herbarium is labelled Adesmia furcata Phil.,
but this name does not occur in Philippi's Catalogue, nor in the Index
Kewensis, nor in Reiche's Flora de Chile.

S. Patagon., in rocks at Sierra de los Baguales.

15. P. LANATUM (Hook, f.) Reiche.

Unarmed, woolly undershrub, 15 cm. high, with diffuse, slender branches.
Not racemed. Stipules slightly sheathing, with acute auricles upwards.
Leaflets 3-5 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse. Pedicels axillary, i -flowered,
shorter than the leaves. Calyx long, its teeth linear-subulate. Standard
elliptic-oblong, tomentose on back. Style long. Legume 3-jointed.
Seeds broad.

Patagon., Puerto Deseado ; Magellan ; by Rio Chubut, by Hatcher at
Cordilleras of S. Patagon. Flowers purplish, leaflets glabrescent ; other
parts more or less woolly. Golfo de San Jorge. (Speg.)

1 6. P. LATIFOLIUM (Spreng. sub sEschinomene] O. Ktze.

Unarmed. Herb, with prostrate, rooting stem; petioles and racemes
hispid. Leaflets 10— 12-jugous, oblong, mucronate, glabrous. Raceme
long, many-flowered. Legume about lo-jointed, hispid with rigid setae.

(S. Brazil, Montevideo) ; N. Patagon., by Carmen.

17. P. LEPTOPODUM (Speg.).

Unarmed; not racemed. Stem slender, glabrous. Leaves far exceed-
ing the internodes ; stipules ovate, connate-amplexicaul ; petiole folifer-
ous above the middle. Leaflets 3-4 pairs, sessile,- lanceolate to elliptic-
linear, acute both ways, entire. Flowers solitary, peduncle axillary,

5l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

slender, as long as the leaves. Corolla orange, glabrous, twice as long
as the calyx. Legume 4-5-jointed.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz. In meadows between S.
Julian and Rio Deseado.

1 8. PATAGONIUM LONGIPES (Phil.) Reiche. '

Unarmed; racemed. Small, branching perennial, with" short pubescence.
Leaves pinnate, 2—4 cm. long ; leaflets 5-7 pairs on the upper two thirds ;
oblong-oboval, obtuse, 3-5 mm. broad. Stipules lanceolate, acute, 3 mm.
Racemes short; pedicels 15-20 mm. long, slender. Calyx-teeth long.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Legume 3-jointed, covered by long
feathery bristles. N. Patagon.

19. P. LOTOIDES (Hook, f.) Reiche.

Unarmed and not racemed. Appressed-silky, with woody stem, divided
at the base. Stipttles sheathing, with short diverging auricles. Petiole
none. Leaflets 2, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, all silky. Peduncles
axillary, i -flowered, 2-3 times as long as the leaf. Calyx silky, subequal
at base, its teeth ovate-subulate, corolla orange. Margins of standard
ciliate; a bearded callus on its unguis. Keel axe-shaped. Style long.
Legumes 5-jointed.

Common over all Patagon.; Magellan; E. Fuegia (Dusen). All
covered by malpighiaceous hairs; otherwise of the habit of Lotus
corniculatus L.

P. LOTOIDES VAGINATUM Hook. f.

Peduncle not as long as the longer leaves. Standard silky throughout.
S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado.

20. P. MORENONIS (Harms) O. Ktze.

Unarmed. Dwarf, subcespitose herb, villous, the young parts silky.
Leaflets 5-8 pairs, villous-rough, oblong, with large, sheathing stipules.
Flowers solitary, rather large, on long, rough pedicels. Calyx-segments
rough, long-lanceolate. Leaves 3-4 cm. long.

At Killik Aike, Rio Gallegos (by Barnum Brown), S. Patagon. Stock
suffruticose. (" = Adesmia villosa Hook, f." Speg.)

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS^E. 5 I 7

21. PATAGONIUM MUCRONATUM (Hook. & Arn.) Reiche.
Unarmed ' ; racemed. Undershrub 6 cm. high, glandular-viscid. Leaves
pinnate, with large subulate-lanceolate stipules, the rachis ending in a
spine. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, rigidly pilose.
Racemes panicled. Standard erect, hairy outside, maroon-colored. Calyx
hairy, its teeth acute. Legume linear-oblong, silky, muricate, 3— 4-seeded.
(Chili); S. Patagon, by J. B. Hatcher at Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz,
Dec. 30, 1896.

22. P. MURICATUM (Jacq.) O. Ktze.

Unarmed. Decumbtnt, glandular-scabrid annual. Leaflets 5-7-
jugous, obovate, emarginate, margin scabrid. Pedicels axillary and a
terminal raceme. Legumes 4-8-jointed, joints muricate.

Chubut, in elevated meadows by Golfo de San Jorge.

23. P. NEGERI (Dusen).

Armed; not racemed. White-pilose shrubs, with the old branches
covered by withering stipules. Branches passing into sharp spines.
Leaves with connate stipules on the branchlets and spines ; leaflets 5-6
pairs, oblong, entire, thickish, hairy. Flowers solitary in the axils, with
white, spreading hairs. Calyx campanulate, its teeth triangular. Corolla
orange, its standard with reddish lines, mostly enclosing other parts.
Legtime 4-jointed, with long, yellow hairs ; tipped by the recurved style.
Leaves 2 cm. long; leaflets 5 mm.

S. Patagon., Valley of Rio Gallegos. (Nordenskj.)

24. P. PARVIFOLIUM (Phil.) O. Ktze.

Unarmed. Suffruticose, low, sparsely puberulous. Stem much branch-
ing, decumbent. Leaflets trijugous, small, oblong-linear, narrower base-
ward, rounded apically ; petioles naked half-way. Stipules leafy, oblong,
acute, connate. Pedimcles axillary, solitary, as long as the naked part of
the petiole. Calyx shorter than the peduncle, its segments linear-lanceo-
late, as long as its tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Vexillum
violet-lined. Pod (?).

(Andes, near Linares); Patagonia.

25. P. PATAGONICUM (Speg.).

Armed ; not racemed. Glabrous or hairy shrub ; its many branches
spinescent. Leaves few ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, elliptical or obovate, remote,

5l8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

thickish. Flowers sparse on the spinescent branches, on short peduncles.
Gz/y.ar-teeth linear, shorter than the tube. Corolla exceeding the calyx,
yellow. Legume small, i -jointed, smooth.

S. Patagon., along Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Chico. By Rio Chubut.
(More tomentose forms approach P. canescens Gray.)

26. P. PENDULUM (DC).

Unarmed; long-racemed. Stems diffuse, scarcely pubescent. Leaves
pinnate ; the leaflets 5-7 pairs, oval-oblong, entire, pubescent, nerveless.
Lower flowers of raceme distant. Flowers yellow, reddish outside.
Legume pendulous, 7— 8-jointed, subhispid.

Argentina to N. Patagon. (?).

27. P. PUMILUM (Hook, f.) Reiche.

Unarmed ' ; not racemed. Sparingly viscid-hairy, creeping herb, with
short stem, 5-10 cm. long, and pinnate leaves, having broad, sheathing
stipules, which are produced upwards as broad auricles. Leaflets 3-5
pairs, coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, obscurely ciliate-toothed, 6 mm. long.
Peduncles I -flowered, equalling the petioles ; flower erect, incurved in
fruit. Calyx campanulate, subequal at base. Standard twice as long, gla-
brous outside. Style long. Legume linear-compressed, about io-jointed(
crenate at the joints, pubescent. (Standard purplish ; wings yellow).

S. Patagon., at Killik Aike near head of Rio Chico (Hatcher) ; Puerto
Negro ; Magellan ; Fuegia.

28. P. PUNGENS (Clos.) Reiche.

Armed ; shortly-racemed. Hoary shrub, with distorted branches, and
short, crowded branchlets, having subulate spines. Petioles of the pinnate
leaves produced apically. Leaflets 5—7 pairs, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
apiculate, small, entire, hoary. Racemes terminal on the branches. Ped-
icels short. Calyx campanulate ; its teeth lance-linear, twice as long as
the corolla. Corolla pubescent externally ; standard with black spot.
Legume (?).

(Chili.) ; Patagon. (?).

29. P. RETROFRACTUM (Hook & Arn.) Reiche.

Unarmed ; large racemes. Glandular-hairy, with pinnate leaves. Leaf-
lets 7-8 pairs, obcordate, obscurely toothed. Standard broad, striate,

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS^E. 519

overlapping the other parts. Legumes linear, 9-i2-jointed, bristly glan-
dular. A bush with viscid leaves. (Perhaps = P. tmiricatum.}

By Rio Gallegos (Barnum Brown). Patagon., along the coast south of
Rio Sta. Cruz.

30. PATAGONIUM RETUSUM (Griseb.) Reiche.

Unarmed; not racemed. Diffuse undershrubs, 10 cm. high, green,
sparsely pilose, with ascending, leafy branches. Leaves pinnate, with
ovate, acutish stipules, as long as the short petiole. Leaflets 7-5 (-3)
pairs, very small, cuneate-obovate, retuse, plicate with midnerve, gla-
brous. Peduncle i -flowered from the upper axils. Calyx campanulate,
its teeth unequal, pubescent. Standard twice as long, puberulous out-
side towards base. Ovary tomentose ; ovules several.

(Chili.) S. Patagon. (Hatcher. The peduncles are longer than the
flower, and bear 1-4 flowers ; the calyx and tomentose legumes are cov-
ered with black hairs ; the legumes at length urceolate.)

31. P. SALICORNIOIDES Speg.

Unarmed. Cespitose, perennial, very fleshy and glabrous, with crowded
leaves. Stipules subconnately sheathing, with ovate lobes ; petiole short ;
leaflets 3, subterete, obovate. Apical branchlets, with solitary, sessile
flowers. Calyx-teeth linear, obtuse, as long as the tube ; corolla golden,
twice as long as the calyx. Pod i-3-jointed, naked, glabrous. Habit
nearly of Salicornia.

S. Patagon., in rocky fissures near Lago Argentine ; in rocks at Sierra
de los Baguales.

32. P. SUBTERRANEUM (CloS.) O. KtZC.

Armed shrub, dwarf, with thick, tubercled, blackish, subterranean stems.
Branches subterranean and subcorymbose. Leaves cespitose, crowded,
scarcely emerging from the ground, appressed, hoary-pubescent; leaflets
2-3 pairs and a terminal, small, obovate-oblong, mucronate. Flowers
few, very short, peduncled, immersed in the leaves. Calyx 3-cleft, the 2
lateral broad segments each 2-toothed. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Pod exceeding the calyx, 4-jointed, silky.

(Chili) ; Patagon.

33- P. SUFFOCATUM (Hook. fil.).

Unarmed, low, cespitose shrub, silvery-silky. Leaves 2-3-foliolate, the
leaflets obovate, conduplicate, enclosing the solitary, subsessile flowers.

52O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

Standard broad-orbicular, dorsally silky, its margins inflexed. Wings
lobed, bearded inside. Fruit?

S. Patagon. at Puerto Deseado (by Charles Darwin) ; Chonkenk-aike,
"abounding in sandy places, yet the legumes are unknown." (Speg.)

34. PATAGONIUM SYLVESTRII Speg.

Unarmed. Ptilocarpum. Low, woody, perennial. Branches lax,
about 12 cm. long, fuscous-brown, glabrous, laxly leafy. Leaves impari-
pinnate, the petioles folioliferous from the lowest third. Leaflets usually
obovate, thickish, entire, nerveless, glabrous or upper surface appressed
and obsoletely puberulous. Stipules fuscous, their lobes short, acute,
pallid on margin. Racemes often very long, flexuose, lax-flowered, black-
purple, with a shorter pedicel. Laments i -jointed, black-purple, with
white plumose setulae.

S. Patagon by Rio Sta. Cruz, near Lago Argentine.

35- P. TEHUELCHUM (Speg.).

Unarmed ; laxly racemed. Perennial, quasi-glabrous, really hispid.
Branches subsimple, remotely leaf-bearing. Leaflets on upper half of
petioles, 3 pairs, thick, spatulate. Racemes terminal on the branches.
Calyx-teeth long. Corolla orange, twice as long. Legume many-jointed.

Chubut, in dry places near Lago Musters ; S. Patagon., along Rio
Scheuen, branch of Rio Chico.

36. P. TRIFOLIATUM (Gill.) O. Ktze.

Ptilocarpum. Unarmed ; hoary-pilose, perennial, with many short
branches from the crown of the root, 5-10 cm. high, often decumbent.
Leaves 3-foliolate, alternate, becoming smaller and more crowded up-
wards. Stipules lanceolate. Leaflets elliptical-obovate, rounded, entire,
green-hoary on epiphyll, white tomentose on hypophyll. Racemes axillary,
shorter than the leaf, the lower half of the rachis bare, upper part crowded.
Flowers refract, small ; calyx hoary-villous, 5-toothed more than half-way
down. Corolla slightly larger than calyx, the vexillum orange, dorsally
purplish and villous, equalling the orange wings and keel. Legume
refract-linear, 3-4-jointed, with few, plumose setulae.

N. Patagon., near Fort Roca.

(P. trifoliatum (Ph.) Reiche, must be called P. triphyllum (Ph.) Speg.,
a Chilian form.)

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS/E. 52 1

37. PATAGONIUM TRIJUGUM (Gill.) Reiche.

Armed ; racemed. Shrub, pubescent, or tomentose, or glabrous.
Branches short, stout, intricate, their apex naked, repeatedly forking and
spinescent ; spines simple or strong and forking. Leaves fasciculate from
tubercles, pinnate. Lea/lets 3-5 pairs, small, ovate-cuneate, retuse or
mucronate, entire or toothed, sessile. Pedicels racemosely crowded at the
ends of the branches, rather long. Calyx long, its teeth narrow-lanceo-
late. Legume 3-5-jointed, covered with long, feathery bristles.

Patagon., mountains of Chubut ; Puerto Deseado, Rio Sta. Cruz.

38. P. VILLOSUM (Hook, f.) Reiche.

Unarmed ; not racemed. Soft-silky herb, 5-7 cm. high, with pros-
trate,' ascending stem and pinnate leaves. Stipules rather large, produced
upward into auricles. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, obovate-cuneate. Pedicels
shorter than the petioles, axillary, i -flowered. Flowers large. Calyx-
teeth long, linear-subulate. Standard slightly exceeding the calyx.
Style long. Legume 2-3 jointed, hairy.

S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado ; Rio Chico. By Rio Chubut and Lago
Musters.

P. villosum typicum Speg. All rufescent-villous. Leaflets obtuse or
emarginate.

P. villosttm acutifolium Speg. All ashy-villous. Leaflets oblanceo-
late, acute, entire.

P. villosum glabratum Speg. Branches, petioles and leaflets glabrous ;
pedicels and calyx ashy-villous. Killik Aike (by Barnum Brown).

21. VICIA Linn. Vetch.

Climbing or trailing herbs, with tendril-bearing, pinnate leaves (the
terminal tendril sometimes represented by a small setula), semisagittate
or entire stipules, and axillary, sessile or racemed, blue, violet, or yellow
flowers. Calyx-tube slightly oblique, the teeth equal, or the posterior pair
longer. Standard obovate or oblong, emarginate, clawed. Wings ad-
hering to the shorter keel. Stamens diadelphous, i and 9, or all united
below. Style tufted near the tip. Ovules several. Legume flat, dehiscent.

Species 120, widespread in Temperate regions. "Their Southern limit
is in the Strait of Magellan ; and they are more on the West than on

522 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

the East coast." (J. D. Hooker.) Not native in Argentina, nor in
Australia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Peduncles I -flowered. Stipules semisagittate.

b. Leaflets i pair, rarely 2 pairs, long-linear, glabrous. magellanica.

b2. Leaflets 2 pairs, small, obovate, setula instead of cirrhus. bijuga.

£3. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, linear mucronate. Cirrhi undivided. solisi.

A2. Peduncles i-2-flowered. Stipules semisagittate.

6. Leaflets 1-2 pairs, obovate, oblong, silky. Cirrhus undivided. patagonica.

l>2. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, grass-like. Cirrhus branching. graminea.

AT,. Peduncles 2-flowered. Leaflets 3-4 pairs, narrow- linear, acuminate. Cirrhus undivided.

Stipules narrow. hookeri.

A^. Flowers in pairs in axils. Leaflets 2 pairs, oblanceolate, silky. Cirrhus undivided.

Stipules ovate. sericella.

A$. Peduncles 2-4-flowered. Leaflets 2 pairs (i pair), linear. Stipules semisagittate. All

glabrous. morenonis.

A6. Peduncles 3-5 -flowered. Leaflets 5 pairs, oblong-basicuneate, mucro instead of cirrhus.

Stipules ovate-lanceolate. ecirrata.

A"j. Peduncles 4-5 -flowered. Leaflets 4 pairs, oblong-linear. Cirrhus sometimes divided.

Stipules semisagittate-subulate. Pubescent. vicina.

AS. Peduncles many-flowered. Stipules semisagittate.

b. Cirrhi undivided. Leaflets 5 pairs, elliptical. Flowers violet. darapskyana.

62. Cirrhi divided.

c. Leaflets 6-9 pairs, elliptical. Flowers yellow, with purple. macraei.

C2. Leaflets 9—10 pairs, oblong-elliptical. Flowers crowded. Calyx-teeth only 2.

nigricans.

i. VICIA BIJUGA Gillies. (Plate XX.)

Perennial, prostrate, cespitose. Leaflets 2 pairs, small, obovate, retuse,
not mucronate, sparsely subvillous ; with short setula ending the rachis.
Otherwise like V. solisi, but distinct. Stiptiles semisagittate, ovate,
without a nectary. Pedttncles short, puberulous, jointed near their base,
2-3 mm. long, lax. Calyx turbinate, puberulous, its teeth subequal, tri-
angular. Corolla 6-7 mm. long, ochroleucous. Ovary linear, glabrous,
6-ovuled.

(Argentina); S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.

V. BIJUGA LONGIPES Speg.

Lower leaves obovate, obtuse, mucronate. Peduncle at first short,
lengthening after anthesis.

S. Patagon., near Rio Sta. Cruz and R. Scheuen. On pampas by Coy
Inlet (O. A. Peterson, "bluish-white" Nov. 18, 1896.) Determined in
Royal Gardens, Kew.

MACLOSKIE: LEGUMINOS^E. 523

2. VlCIA DARAPSKYANA Phil.

Pubescent. Stem angulate, flexuose, internodes short. Leaflets about
5 pairs, elliptical, obtuse, alternate ; cirrhi simple and bifid. Stipules
semisagittate, angulate-dentate. Peduncles thick, twice as long as the
leaf, many-flowered, in a long, dense raceme. Upper and lateral teeth of
the calyx narrow, subreflexed, lowest subulate, not as long as the tube.
Corolla thrice as long as calyx, dry, violet.

Leaves 5 cm. long; stem i mm. thick.

(Mountains near Parret) ; Patagon.

3. V. ECIRRATA Phil.

Annual ; appressed-puberulous. Leaves with a moderate mucro in
place of cirrhus ; leaflets 5 pairs, oblong, basi-cuneate, obtuse or mu-
cronate. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Peduncles as long as the
leaf, 3-5-flowered. Calyx-tube turbinate, its 5 teeth subulate filiform,
twice as long as the tube. Corolla equal to calyx.

(At Rio de las Nalcas " of some southern province.") Reiche refers this
to the Lentil, Lens esculenta Mnch., which differs from Vicia by its long
calyx-teeth, small blue-white petals, and oval, i-2-seeded pod. Presum-
ably introduced.

4. V. GRAMINEA Smith, (y. Kingii Hook, f.)

Sparsely pilose. Stem subsimple, angulate, 60 cm. high. Stipules
semisagittate, the lobules deflexed, the apex acuminate. Petioles long,
compressed, ending in a branching tendril. Leaflets 3-5 pairs, linear-
obovate-oblong, entire, apiculate, the apex obtuse or 2-toothed. Pedun-
cles silky, i-2-flowered, much shorter than the petioles. Calyx short, silky,
its teeth acute. Immature legumes pendulous, glabrous.

(Montevideo, Commerson, 1767.) Patagon., by Rio Negro ; near Raw-
son (Dusen); Magellan, Fuegia, at Ushuaia on the Beagle Channel. " V.
kingii Hook. f. is a depauperate V. graminea Smith." A. Franchet in
Miss. Sci. du Cap Horn, Bot, p. 330.

(Hook. f. observes of V. bidentata Hook, of Chili, V. graminea, and
V. patagonica, that V. bidentata is entirely smooth, with leaflets broader
and shorter, stipules twice as broad as in V. graminea, and tendrils simple ;
V. patagonica agrees with V. bidentata in these points except the simple

524 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

tendrils, and is also distinguished by having few broad leaflets and differ-
ently shaped stipules and short, erect petioles.)

5. VICIA HOOKERI Don. (y. micrantha Hook. & Arn.)

Annual, villous ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, narrow-linear, acuminate. Tendrils
simple. Stipules semisagittate, linear, entire. Inflorescence shorter than
the leaves and with 2 small flowers, 5 mm. Calyx short, campanulate,
teeth lanceolate, as long as the tube. Legume compressed, lanceolate, the
sutures hairy. Seeds 6.

Valdivia ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu. The Chubut specimens are small,
leaflets linear, 3-jugous, pedicels i -flowered, just surpassing the leaves,
calyx-teeth short. (Speg.)

6. V. MACR^EI Hook. & Arn.

Pubescent. Stem prostrate, angled. Leaflets 6-9 pairs ; elliptical, ob-
tuse, shining underneath. Cirrhi divided. Stipules semisagittate, deeply
angulate-toothed. Peduncles as long as the leaves, crowded, many-
flowered. Calyx-teeth short, subequal, the lower slightly larger. Petals
yellow, purple-variegated. Legumes deflex, oblong, glabrous, with long,
hairy style.

(Chili, cordilleras) ; Patagon.

7. V. MAGELLANICA Hook. f.

Glabrous. Stem slender, angulate, flexuous, sparsely leafy. Stipules
semisagittate, their apex and lobule acuminate. Leaves remote. Petioles
long, ending in a cirrhus ; leaflets i pair, rarely 2 pairs ; linear-elongate,
acuminate. Pedicels axillary, solitary, i -flowered, shorter than the leaf.
Calyx pubescent, with subulate teeth. Standard twice as long.

S. Patagon., near Rio Chico: Magellan, E. Fuegia. (Dusen, chiefly in
thickets.)

" V. magellanica, saffordi, patagonica, and andicola have pubescent
peduncle and calyx, and may be all the same. V. graminea is different."
(Spegazzini.)

8. V. MORENONIS Harms.

Stem glabrous, flattened-angular. Leaflets 4, opposite, subsessile, linear,
with a short, obtuse apex. Stiptiles small, semisagittate. Peduncles

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS^E. 52$

2-4-flowered, glabrous, with short pedicels. Calyx companulate, its teeth
broad-ovate, shorter than the tube, acute. Ovary glabrous.
Patagon.

VlCIA MORENONIS BURMEISTERI O. Ktze. (?).

Leaflets i-pair.
Patagon.

9. V. NIGRICANS Hook. & Arn.

Pubescent. Stem tetragonal. Leaflets 9-10, oblong-elliptical, obtuse,
alternate ; the cirrhi divided. Stipules semisagittate. Peduncles twice
as long as the leaf, many-flowered, the flowers crowded. Calyx-teeth 2,
the upper obsolete, the lowest subulate, the mid-one exceeding the tube.
Stigma bearded.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

10. V. PATAGONICA Hook. f.

Sparsely pilose. Stem erect, angulate, but scarcely winged, sparingly
branching. Stipules semisagittate, sometimes toothed, their apex and
lobule acute. Leaves suberect ; petiole rather short, angled, with a simple
terminal tendril. Leaflets 1-2 pairs, alternate and opposite, obovate-ob-
long, entire, obtuse or retuse, or toothed, silky on both sides. Peduncles
exceeding the petioles, silky, i-2-flowered. Calyx silky, one third the
erect standard.

(See note on V. graminea.}

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico; Magellan, E. Fuegia. (Dusen.)

V. PATAGONICA DEPAUPERATA.

S. Patagon., near Rio Deseado, and Isla Pavo by Sta. Cruz.

II. V. SERICELLA Speg.

(Cracca.] Perennial, silky, low, prostrate. Leaves shorter than the
internodes. Stipules ovate. Cirrhtis simple. Leaflets mostly 2 pairs,
oblanceolate, acutish both ways. Flowers of mid-size, mostly in pairs in
the upper axils. Standard blue, thrice as long as the calyx, and longer
than the whitish wings. Ovary glabrous.

N. Patagon., valley of Lago Blanco; in Sierra de los Baguales.

526 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

VlCIA SERICELLA GLABRATA Speg.

Glabrate, rigid. Stipules semiovate, rounded at base. Dry meadows
by Rio Chubut.

12. V. SOLISI Phil. (V. saffordi

Low, branching annual, 15 cm. high, scarcely pubescent. Leaflets 2-3
pairs, linear, narrower upwards, mucronate. Cirrhi simple. Stipules
narrow, semisagittate, their lobule acuminate. Peditncle axillary, short,
i -flowered. Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube, cuspidate-triangular.
Corolla twice as long as calyx.

(Chili); S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; Magellan (Safford) ; E. Fuegia
(Dusen).

" V. saffordi and V. sericella are allied to V. bijuga, but distinct."
(Speg.)

13. V. VICINA CIOS.

Slightly pubescent, with weak, tetragonal stem. Leaves 3-4 cm. long,
with about 4 pairs of leaflets, 'often not very opposite, oblong-linear, mu-
cronate, pubescent underneath. Tendrils simple or divided. Stiptiles
semisagittate-subulate, the auricle weak, horizontal. Inflorescence as long
as the leaves, 4-5-flowered. Calyx pubescent, the teeth subulate-lanceo-
late, shorter than the tube. Corolla 2-3-times as long as the calyx, light
blue. Ovary pubescent.

(Chili) ; Chubut, in fields along Carren-leofu.

V. vicina tricolor ; flowers 10 mm.; vexillum and wings blue, orange
and white succeeding basewards. Leaves often narrow.

y. vicina azurea ; flowers blue ; leaves larger and broader and obtuser.

V. vicina pallidiflora ; flowers whitish; leaves mediocre.

IS. vicina luteiflora ; flowers only 6—8 mm. long, somewhat orange, keel
yellow ; leaves mediocre.

22. LATHYRUS Linn.

Herbs, rarely erect, with pinnate, mostly tendril-bearing leaves, and
racemose or solitary flowers. Characters of Vicia, but the calyx is mostly
oblique, its upper teeth shorter, and the style is curved, flattened and hairy
along its inner side.

Species 1 1 o, distributed as Vicia.

MACLOSKIE : LEGUMINOS^:. 527

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Stipules semisagittate.

b. Peduncles I -flowered. Stem winged.

c. Leaflets i pair, linear. Cirrhi entire, or divided. Hairy. campestris.

C2. Leaflets few (2) pairs, linear-oblong. Cirrhi 3-4-cleft. Pods reticulate. Glabrous.

cicera.
b2. Peduncles i-3-flowered. Leaflets I pair, linear, acute. Cirrhi very short, stipules long.

Stem filiform. subulatus.

£3. Peduncles 4-(2-i-) flowered. Leaflets 2-4, linear, or linear-oblong, parallel-veined.

Silky. sericeus.

64. Peduncles many-flowered. Leaflets successively 1-4 pairs. Cirrhi a point below,

long and divided above. macropus.

b%. Leaflets 2. Flowers rather large. Silvery, becoming rufous. tomentosus.

66. Peduncles 6-1 2-flowered. Leaves I -ranked. Leaflets I pair. Cirrhi undivided. Corolla

large, golden. pubescens.

A2. Stipules triangular-semisagittate, long. Leaflets linear-lanceolate. Cirrhi trifid. Pedun-
cle 4— 8 -flowered. epetiolaris.
A$. Stipules lanceolate to semi-sagittate. Leaflets I pair, linear-oblong, acute. Cirrhi some-
times divided. Peduncles 6- 1 2-flowered. Flowers yellow. . pratensis.
A^, Stipules sagittate. Leaflets i pair, ovate, acute. Cirrhi trifid. Peduncles many-flowered.

• nervosus.

A$. Stipules semi-hastate, large. Leaflets 3-6-pairs, oblong-obovate, mucronulate. Cirrhi

branched. Peduncle 6-io-flowered. Purple. maritimus.

A6. Stipules ovate- sagittate, large, with large auricle. Leaflets, linear-lanceolate. Peduncles

i -(2-) flowered. stipularis.

Ay. Stipules ovate, apically 2-lobed. Leaflets few (to i pair), elliptic-oblong to lanceolate.
Cirrhi trifid. Peduncles 3~4-flowered. magellanicus.

i. LATHYRUS CAMPESTRIS Phil.

Pubescent with weak, winged stem, 20-30 cm. high. Leaflets i pair,
linear. Tendrils simple or divided. Stipules semisagittate, longer than
the petiole. Pedimcles i -flowered, slightly shorter than the internodes.
Calyx pubescent, its teeth lanceolate-subulate, just longer than the tube.
Legume linear, pubescent. Seeds 7-9.

Valdivia ; Chubut by Carren-leofu.

2. L. CICERA Linn.

Rather glabrous annual, with winged stems and linear-oblong leaflets,
cirrhi 3-4-cleft. Stipules semisagittate, lanceolate, subciliate, as long as
the petiole. Peduncles i -flowered ; bractlets minute. Calyx-teeth thrice
as long as the tube. Pods reticulate. Seeds trigonal, subtruncate, brown,
smooth.

(Europe.)

528 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

LATHYRUS CICERA PATAGONICA Speg.

Stems scarcely angled at base, 3-winged upwards. Stipules leaf-like,
entire ; leaflets 2, linear-lanceolate, entire, pale underneath. Corolla yel-
lowish and glabrous, scarcely equalling the calyx-teeth. Pod erect, gla-
brous, about as long as the leaflets, 8-i2-seeded, its apex rostrate-
incurved.

N. Patagon., escaped.

3- L. EPETIOLARIS CloS.

Perennial, smooth, blackish in drying. Stems 1-2 meters high, tetrag-
onal, scarcely winged. Leaves short-petioled ; leaflets linear-lanceolate,
5-7 cm. long. Tendrils long, trifid. Stipules triangular, semisagittate,
3-4 times as long as the petiole. Inflorescence 10-15 cm- l°ng. 4-8-
flowered at its end. Calyx-teeth linear-acute, exceeding the tube, and the
lowest the longest. Corolla purple-violet. Legume linear, compressed,
as large as a leaflet, smooth. Seeds numerous.

(Chili) ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu. " The Patagonian forms have the
stipules sagittate, not semisagittate." (Speg.)

4. L. MACROPUS Gillies.

Robust plant, laxly pubescent, stem angulate and striate. Lower leaves
with i, the upper successively with 2-4 pairs of lanceolate leaflets, ending
in a stiff point. Stipules semisagittate, linear-lanceolate, in the upper
leaves shorter than the petioles. Tendrils of upper leaves long and
parted. Inflorescence 3-4 times as long as the leaves. Flowers numer-
ous, the rachis and calyx pubescent. Calyx-teeth acuminate, one of them
subulate. Corolla large, blue (?). Legume unknown.

(Chili) ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu (stipules of these sagittate, not semi-
sagittate).

5. L. MAGELLANICUS Lam.

Glabrous, blackish, suberect. Stipules broad-ovate-oblong, ending in 2
divaricate lobes. Cirrhi trifid. Leaflets i pair, 25-50 mm. long, elliptic-
oblong or lanceolate, apiculate, 3-5-nerved. Peduncle longer than the
leaf, with 3—4 flowers towards its apex. »

A beautiful vetch, loving the sea-coast.

N. Patagon., by Nahuel-huapi; Magellan, N. and E. Fuegia. (Dus£n.)

MACLOSKIE I LEGUMINOS^E. 529

LATHYRUS MAGELLANICUS GLADIATUS (Hook.) O. Ktze.

Leaflets very narrow, acuminate.
Patagon.

L. MAGELLANICUS GLAUCESCENS Speg.

Plant green-glaucescent, not black in drying. Leaflets often elliptical-
mucronulate, nervulose.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, R. Gallegos.

L. MAGELLANICUS OXYPHYLLUS Speg.

Low, glabrous, green-glaucescent. Stipules sagittate, elongate. Leaf-
lets i pair, lanceolate or longer, long-mucronate.
At Killik Aike, by Barnum Brown.

L. MAGELLANICUS SUBSESSILIFOLIUS O. KtZC.

Petioles of all the leaves 5 mm. long.
Patagon.

6. L. MARITIMUS Big.

Glabrous, stout, decumbent; stems angulate. Stipules large, semi-
hastate. Leaves subsessile, cirrhi branched. Leaflets 3-6 pairs, oblong-
obovate, mucronulate. Pedimcles short, with 6-10 purple flowers. Le-
gume linear-oblong, veiny.

(Eurasia and N. Amen); Cape Tres Montes.

7. L. NERVOSUS Lam.

Glabrous. Stems subsimple, striate. Petioles very short ; cirrhi trifid ;
stipules sagittate, nervose. Leaflets \ pair, ovate-acute, veiny, exceeding
the internodes. Peduncles many-flowered. Legumes linear, long, gla-
brous.

(Montevideo); S. Patagon., Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.) ; var.
by Rio Sta. Cruz.

8. L. PRATENSIS Linn.

Weak, straggling perennial, mostly glabrous. Stems sharply angulate.
Stipules lanceolate to semisagittate, nearly as long as the leaflets. Leaf-
lets i pair, linear-oblong, acute. Cirrhtis simple or branched. Racemes

53° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

exceeding the leaves, with 6-12 yellow flowers. Legumes linear, gla-
brous, veiny.

(Eurasia and N. Amer.), S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.
(Hatcher.)

9. LATHYRUS PUBESCENS Hook. & Arn.

Stem tetragonal or 2-edged, winged, slightly puberulous. Leaves
i -ranked; stipules semisagittate, scarcely as long as the petiole; cirrhi
long, simple. Leaflets i pair, large, narrow-lanceolate. Peduncle scarcely
exceeding the internode, pubescent upwards, 6-i2-flowered. Calyx pu-
bescent, teeth acute. Corolla thrice as long, golden. Young legiime lin-
ear, flat, tomentose.

Through all Patagonia and Chonos Archipelago to Bolivia. "Alver-
jilla."

10. L. SERICEUS Lam. (L. tomentosus Vog. non Lam.)

Rather stout and woody, tomentose-silky. Stem 4-angled, striate.
Leaves ending in a stout, simple tendril. Stipules semisagittate, equal-
ling the leaflets and exceeding the petiole. Leaflets 2-4, linear or linear-
oblong, paralled-veined. Peduncles mostly 4-flowered, or i-2-flowered.
Legttme linear, 3-5 cm. long, rather inflated.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and northwards.

11. L. STIPULARIS Presl.

Smooth, with weak, tetragonal stem. Leaflets linear-lanceolate, mucro-
nate. Stipules large, ovate-sagittate, with long, descending auricles, nar-
row, acute. Peduncles i -(2-) flowered, at first shorter than the stipules, at
length elongating.

Patagon., by Rio Chubut and Carren-leofu.

L. STIPULARIS PATAGONICUS Speg.

Leaflets more acute and smaller.

12. L. SUBULATUS Lam.

Pilose. Stems cespitose, filiform, tetragonal. Leaves shortly petiolate,
with very short tendrils. Leaflets i pair, linear, acute. Stipules semi-
sagittate, linear, nearly as long as the leaflets. Peduncles i-3-flowered.

MACLOSKIE: GERANIACE^E. 531

Calyx-segments narrow, acute, subequal, as long as the tube. Flowers
purple, not large.

(Montevideo ; Argent.) ; Patagon.

13. LATHYRUS TOMENTOSUS Lam.

Rufous-tomentose perennial, with tetragonal, striate stem. Leaves with
petioles exceeding the 2 leaflets, and semisagittate stipules shorter. Calyx-
teeth subequal, lanceolate. Legumes linear, silky.
' " long, contorted at base, linear-spatulate.

• gentina) ; Patagon., near Rawson (Dusen) ; in N. Patagon., near
Rio Colorado. Appressed-pubescent, silvery when living ; larger plant,
subscandent, with larger flowers than L. sericeus Lam.

23. RHYNCHOSIA Lour.

Mostly trailing or climbing perennials, with i-3-foliolate leaves, having
no stipels, and with yellow, axillary, racemed flowers. Leaflets usually
resinous-dotted. Calyx 4-5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped. Keel incurved at
the apex, or falcate. Stamens diadelphous, i and 9. Legume short, 1-2-
seeded.

Species 100, in warm and temperate regions.

R. SENNA Gill.

*

Puberulous ; stem scarcely twining, terete. Stipules subulate, rigid.
Leaflets 3, broad-ovate, mucronate, subcordate, 3-nerved, pinnately veined,
the lateral ones smaller, as long as the petiole. Peduncles solitary in the
axils, rarely 2, each i -flowered, exceeding the petioles. Calyx-segments
subulate, as long as the petals. Legume oblong, attenuate downwards,
velvety.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. "A variety with broad ovate
leaflets extends from Texas to the borders of Patagonia.

Family 53. GERANIACE^:. Crane's-bill Family.

Herbs, with alternate or opposite, usually stipulate, leaves; and axillary,
hermaphrodite flowers, having hypogynous*, 5-merous calyx and corolla,
the petals not united. Stamens as many, or 2-3 times as many, as the

532 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

petals. Carpels usually 5, around a central axis, each i-2-seeded. Styles
joined with the axis, so as to form a beak.

Species 450, in temperate regions ; most in South Africa.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

1. Stamens 10, sometimes 5. Styles not hairy on inside. Geranium.

2. Stamens 5. Styles bearded on the inside. Erodium.

3. Stamens 10. Style very short. Calyx involucrate. Wendtia.

i. GERANIUM Linn. Crane's-bill.

Leaves palmately lobed or divided. Peduncles i-2-flowered. Flowers
regular. Stamens 10 (rarely 5), usually alternately unequal. Carpels
2-ovuled, becoming i -seeded in fruit. Styles naked on the inside, at
length breaking away upwards from the axis and suspending the meri-
carps.

Species 170, in temperate regions, and on tropical mountains. Found
southwards as far as the Strait of Magellan, and a few in Australia and

New Zealand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Stemless, with I -flowered scapes and reniform, 5-7 -partite leaves.

b. Scape short, velvety. Leaf-segments 3-5 -cleft. acaule.

b2. Scape very short ; it and the calyx silvery. sessiliflorum.

A2. Stems short. Leaves 5-partite, the parts 3-cleft. Peduncle rather long, i-flowered.

tnoorei.

A$. Stems prostrate, numerous from a fusiform root. andinum.

A^. Stems developed.
b. Flowers geminate.

c. Leaves opposite, semi-orbicular, partite. melanopotamicum.

C2. Leaves rounded.

d. Leaves 5-lobed, lobes 5-cleft. Villous. berterianum.

d2. Leaves 5-7 -partite, the parts 3-5-cleft. Petals shorter than calyx.

disscctum.

i

^3. Leaves 7-8-lobed, repeatedly trifid. Petals exceeding the calyx, core-core.
b2. Stem-leaves rounded, 5 -partite, the parts 3-5-cleft. Petals thrice as long as the sepals.

• magcllanicum.

b$. Leaves basi-truncate, 5-lobed, the lobes 3-cleft. Petals as long as the sepals.

intermedium.
64. Flowers umbellate. Leaves bipinnatifid. arenicolum.

I. G. ACAULE Willd.

Stemless perennial, with radical, i-flowered jzWiwzc/<?, much shorter than
the petioles. Leaves reniform, 5-7-partite, the lobes 3-5-cleft.

MACLOSKIE : GERANIACEyE. 533

Patagon., Chubut, mountain meadows ; "a form with a finely appressed
pulverulent velvet." (Speg.)

2. GERANIUM ANDINUM Ph.

Root fusiform, thick, perennial, rufescent, bearing at its apex numerous
prostrate stems.

Patagon., Chubut, mountain meadows.

3. G. ARENICOLUM Steud.

Rhizome thick, woody. Stems branching from the base, leafy. Leaves
bipinnatifid, setulously pilose, segments incised, acutely serrate. Pedun-
cles solitary, exceeding the leaves, flowers 4-6 in an umbel. Calyx pilose-
setose.

Punta Arenas. "Seems to be an Erodi^tm from its leaves and umbels ;
possibly E. cicutarium."

4. G. BERTERIANUM Colla.

Perennial, with long and fleshy napiform root and ascending or erect
stems. The whole plant villous, with simple and glandular hairs. Leaves
orbicular, 5-lobed, lobes cuneiform and 5-cleft ; the segments linear and
subobtuse. Pedimcles 2-flowered. Sepals oval, aristate, villous, and cil-
iate. Petals twice as long, rose-colored, entire or slightly cut Carpels
villous. Seeds smooth. Plant 30-60 cm. high.

(Chili), Patagon., by Rio Chubut, and Carren-leofu. (The Patagonian
specimens have no glandular hairs.) "Are they G. submolle Steud., whose
roots are not known?" (Speg.)

•

5. G. CORE-CORE Steud.

Root subligneous. Stem branching, covered like the leaves with ap-
pressed hairs. Leaves dark green, with y-S-lobules, repeatedly trifid,
obtuse and toothed occasionally, all shining or pubescent. Peduncles 2-
flowered. Calyx appressed-hairy, with rather long awns. Petals slightly
cut, exceeding the calyx. Carpels hairy. Seeds finely reticulate. Height
80 cm.

(Chili) ; Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz, R. Chubut, and Carren-leofu.

534 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

6. GERANIUM DISSECTUM Linn. (G. patagonicum Hook, f.)

Erect annual, with white spreading hairs. Leaves long-petiolate,
orbicular, 5-y-partite, and the parts 3-5-cleft. Petioles and pedicels
retrorsely hispid. Peduncles 2-flowered. Petals emarginate, nearly as
long as the awn-bearing calyx, purple. Seeds reticulate.

N. Patagon., common about Bahia Blanca, called " alfilerillo," as is
Erodinm. (J. Ball.) S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado ; Magellan. (Eu-
rasia ; Australia.)

G. DISSECTUM PATAGONICUM Hook.

Differs from the type by having a perennial root ; spreading villosity
of all parts ; lobes of leaves less narrow and deep ; carpels more glabrous.
S. Patagon., common everywhere ; Chubut, Tekachoique.

7. G. INTERMEDIUM Bert.

Stem erect, branching, striate, subvillous. Leaves very long-petiolate,
basally truncate, rather glabrous, 5-lobed, their lobes trifid, with rounded,
mucronulate segments. Petals entire, equalling the short-awned, villous
calyx. Carpels glabrous.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

8. G. MAGELLANICUM Hook. f.

Stem erect (?), branching upwards, hirsute with retrorse hairs. Stem-
leaves hairy, long-petiolate, orbicular, 5-partite, the parts cuneate, 3-5-
cleft, the segments linear-oblong, obtuse and apiculate. Peduncles long.
Flowers large, with silky, acute, awned sepals. Petals obovate-cuneate,
notched, thrice as long as the sepals. Ovaries silky.

Patagon., near Rawson ; W. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia, E. and W.,
and at Ushuaia. (Dusen.)

9. G. MELANOPOTAMICUM Speg.

(Columbinmn.} Perennial, subglabrous. Rhizome thick, with long,
slender branches. Leaves opposite, finely and long-petiolate ; semiorbicu-
lar, basitruncate, 3~5-partite ; the lateral segments bifid, the median trifid,
lobes oblanceolate, deeply 3-cleft at apex, above minutely appressed, sub-
puberulous, underneath glabrous, except the rough nerves. Flowers

UNIVERSITY

MACLOSKIE I GERANIACE^E. 535

geminate, on longish peduncles. Sepals elliptical-lanceolate, equalling
the rose petals, long-awned and puberulous. Fruit smooth, pubescent.
Seeds reticulate.

N. Patagon., in wet, moist shrubberies along Rio Negro. Subscandent,
25-100 cm. long.

10. GERANIUM MOOREI Phil.

Cespitose perennial, with a thick, woody root. Stems short, equalling
the radical leaves, and like them rather glabrous. Leaves mostly 5-par-
tite, the segments trifid. Peduncle i -flowered, much exceeding the leaves.
Sepals lanceolate, awned, pilose, half as long as the retuse petals. Carpels
hirsute.

(Chili) ; S. Patagon. ; in marshy places near Rio Sta. Cruz.

II. G. SESSILIFLORUM CaV.

Stemless perennial, with thick descending rhizome. Leaves radical,
reniform, 5-7-partite, long-petioled, the petioles 2 cm. long, retrorsely
pilose. Scapes very short, i -flowered; they and the calyx silvery. Petals
obcordate, twice as long as the sepals.

(Chili; Australia); S. Patagon., on Cordilleras (Hatcher, "pink");
Cabo Negro ; Magellan. By Rio Gallegos, and Rio Scheuen, and Rio
Chubut.

- »

2. ERODIUM L'Her. Stork's-bill.

Flowers with the 2 upper petals slightly smaller than the other 3.
Stamens 5, with 5 staminodes and 5 glands. Beak ending in the stig-
mas ; the styles separating at maturity, bearded on the inside.

Species 60, in temperate and warm regions.

i. E. CICUTARIUM (L.) L'Her.

Tufted, branched, 15-30 cm. high. Basal and lower leaves petioled,
pinnate, the pinnae pinnately parted or lobed. Upper leaves similar
but sessile. Peduncles exceeding the leaves, umbellately 2-i2-flowered.
Flowers purplish, 8 mm. broad. Beak long ; its branches at length coil-
ing together.

(Common in Eurasia ; spreading over the United States to the Pacific coast ,
also over Argentina and other parts of S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., S. Patagon.;

53^ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

((X A. Peterson) on pampas near Coy Inlet, in fruit Nov. 23, 1896.
Magellan (Dusen). Called Alfilerillo in N. Patagon. "It is considered
useful for cattle in Paraguay, Patagonia, and neighboring regions, as it
springs up fresh after each fall of rain. Doubtless introduced from Europe,
it has spread nearly over all South America. In Peru it extends from the
coast to 3,700 meters high." (J. Ball.) A. Gray remarks on the hygro-
metric twisting of the "tail" of its carpels, as pushing them into the
ground. Its taproot being long, strong, yet not thick, may promote its
speedy reappearance on the return of rain.

ERODIUM CICUTARIUM ARENICOLUM (Steud.) Speg.

Root woody ; all parts spreading, white hispid. Scarcely a variety,
rather a mere form.

S. Patagon., common everywhere.

2. E. MALACHOIDES Willd.

Stem herbaceous, branching, somewhat hairy. Leaves cordate, undi-
vided or 3-lobed, obtuse, dentate. Peduncles many-flowered. Petals as
long as the calyx.

(Europe; Canary Is.); Patagon., near Carren-leofu.

3. WENDTIA Meyen.

Calyx with an involucre; sepals 5; petals 5. Stamens 10. Flowers
pediceled, solitary or crowded, yellow. Carpels mostly 3. Style very
short, with 3 stigmas. Capsule loculicidal, also the loculi springing
upwards from the top of the axis. Leaves silky, lobed, or partite.

Species 3, Andine. (Fig. of W. reynoldsii in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 4, p.
12, D, E, F.)

W. TRIGYNA PCEPPIGIANA (KlotZSch) O. Ktze.

Erect. Leaves very numerous, 5-cleft. Flowers small.
N. Patagon., in rocks near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Family 54. OXALIDACE^;. Wood-sorrel Family.

Mostly herbs, with acid sap and palmately 3-foliolate, or digitately, or
pinnately parted leaves, having long petioles.

MACLOSKIE : OXALIDACE^E. 537

Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous ; petals mostly showy. Stamens
10-15, united at base, hypogynous. Ovary 5-lobed, with 5 styles. Seeds
with fleshy endosperm.

Species 270, mostly tropical.

OXALIS Linn.

Stamens 10. Styles distinct. Petals often slightly cohering at base.
Stemless perennials, with bulbous or fleshy rhizome ; or caulescent with
alternate, exstipulate leaves and axillary peduncles.

Species 250, cosmopolitan, having many in South Africa, Brazil, Chili
and Mexico ; i in Norfolk I., but none reported from Australia, Tasmania,
or New Zealand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaflets 3.
b. Glabrous.

c. Rootstock thick, scaly. Leaves radical, petioles 12 mm. Leaflets round-cordate,

6 mm., fleshy. Flowers white. magdlanica.

c2. Tubers. Leaflets obcordate, dotted black ; 6-12 small, red, umbellate flowers.

rubra.
b2. Pubescent.

c. Bulbous root ; stem short, scaly. Leaflets obcordate. Flowers 2-3, pink.

gayi.
c2. Stem low, leafy. Leaflets broad, obcordate, very hairy underneath. Peduncle with

2 leaves and lax panicle. laxa.

CT,. Leaves rosulate : leaflets obcordate, basi-cuneate. Peduncles many-flowered.

valdiviensis.

£3. Villose or tomentose -woolly.
c. Root not tuberous.

d. Leaflets obcordate. Flowers large, yellow, 1—2 on long peduncle.

amara.

d2. Leaflets cordate, 2-lobed. Many 2-flowered peduncles. Creeping, with leafy
branches. nahuel-huapiensis.

c2. Root tuberous.

d. Branching stems, rosulate-leafy. Leaflets cuneate-bifid, with linear segments.

Umbel of lilac flowers. stenophylla.

d2. Leaves radical ; leaflets round-ovate, emarginate. Scapes with many blue

flowers. floribunda.

dT>. Flowers yellow, violet and blue. " Springs up after rains." darwinii.
A2. Leaflets 8 or more.

b. Glabrous. Flowers solitary.

c. Stipe creeping from scaly base. Leaflets 9, obcordate, deeply partite. Flower large,
convolvuliform, pink. enneaphylla.

538 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

C2. Thick, scaly rhizome.

e. Leaflets 11-13, linear. Flower large, convolvuliform, pink, with blue lines.

laciniata.

e2. Leaflets 8-12, obcordate, emarginate. loricata.

bz. Glabrous. Powers 2. Leaflets 12. adenophylla.

£3. Pubescent. Rhizome fleshy, scaly. Stemless. Leaflets 12, linear. Flowers solitary.

squamosa-radiosa.

64. Tomentose. Creeping, scaly rhizome. Stemless. Leaves 10-14 divided, long-petioled.
Flower solitary, rose to white -blue. patagonica.

I. OXALIS ADENOPHYLLA Gill. (O. bustillosU Phil.)

Glabrous. Caudex almost none, very leafy at the apex. Petioles long,
slender. Leaflets about 12, sessile, glabrous, obcordate, the lobes diver-
gent, fleshy, attenuate at base, often violaceous. Peduncles nearly as long
as the petioles, 2-flowered. Pedicels incurved in fruit. Sepals unequally
broad, one sixth the length of the violet corolla, at length enlarged.
Handsome.

(Chili) ; Patagon., along Rio Chubut ; Carren-leofu ; Teka-choique.
" Has at first an ovate bulb, afterwards changing to a rhizome." (Speg.)

2. O. AMARA St. Hil.

Without tuberous rhizome. Stem suffruticose, prostrate. Leaves tri-
foliate ; leaflets sessile, obcordate, villous, hispidly ciliate. Peduncles
axillary, i -2-flowered, longer than the leaves. Flowers large, yellow.
Stamens all exceeding the styles. Cell of ovary i -seeded.

Stigmas small, capitate.

(S. Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

3. O. DARWINII Ball (nomen).

Springs up after rains, and is variable in the color of the flowers.
Forms with yellow, others with violet and with blue flowers. Its tuber-
ous root is eaten. "Vinagrillo" (Span.), "Tschilki" (Araucanian).
Common at Bahia Blanca and N. Patagon. (J. Ball.)

4. OXALIS ENNEAPHYLLA Cav. (O. pumila d'Urv.)

Rhizome tomentose at top. Stipe creeping, with interruptedly scaly
base. Leaves long-petioled, with 9 glabrous or pubescent, obcordate-

MACLOSKIE I OXALIDACE^E. 539

cuneate, deeply partite leaflets. Peduncles as long as the leaves, 2-
bracteolate, bearing i rather large flower, of convolvulaceous form, pink
with lutescent lines. Sepals silky or villous. Stamens 10, alternately
long and short. Styles hirsute, capitate.

Falklands; S. Patagon., Cordilleras (J. B. Hatcher) ; N. and E. Fuegia
(Dusen).

"Rootstock fleshy, edible. The pride of the Falklands, covering banks
by the sea with a mantle of snowy white during the spring month of
November. The plant is an excellent anti-scorbutic and an agreeable
potherb, though too acid except in tarts and puddings." (J. D. Hooker.)
Hatcher's "mountain form" has the petioles 10 cm. long, and lilac
flowers.

5. O. FLORIBUNDA Lehm.

Tomentose. Roots tuberous. Leaves radical ; leaflets 3, round-obovate,
emarginate. Scape many-flowered. Sepals hoary ; petals blue. Stamens
exceeding the styles.

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon. Called by the Spaniards and Araucanians by
the same trivial names as O. darivinii; and its roots similarly eaten.

6. O. GAYI (Gay) Macl. (O. articulata Gay, non Savign.)

Pubescent. Bulbous, with fibrous roots. Stem scaly, very short.
Petioles puberulous, very short. Leaflets 3, sessile, obcordate, deeply
emarginate, hairy on both surfaces. Peduncles radical erect, 16-25 cm-
long, 2-3-flowered. Flowers pink, on slender pedicels. Calyx not half
as long as the petals. Ovary glabrous. Seeds numerous.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

(O. articttlata Sav. has the root nodose-articulate, the flowers yellow,
5-6 on an umbelliferous scape ; and is found at Montevideo. The Pata-
gonian plant here called O. gayi, was described by Gay, who supposed it
to be the O. articulata of Savigny.)

7. O. LACINIATA Cav.

Rootstock with continuous scales, white, fleshy. Petioles 5-6 cm. long ;
leaflets 11-13, linear, acute, glabrous. Scapes shorter than the petioles,
i -flowered. Corolla of form of convolvuhis, 2 cm. long and broad, thin,
pink with bluish stripes. (Fig. 76.)

540

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Cape Fairweather, and at Coy Inlet, Oct-
Nov., 1890, by Dusen at Sta. Cruz. It and O. enneaphylla form one

section by reason of their ed-
ible root-stock. Some of the
flowers are long-styled, with
short and medium stamens ;
and others are short-styled
and long-staminate. (G.
M.)
FIG. 76. The leaves of B. Brown's

Oxalis ladniata. — Petals (in center); sepals and essen- specimens have petioles 8-
tial organs of long-styled flower (on left): of short-styled flower i

8. OXALIS LAXA Hook. & Arn. (O. alsinodes Walp., O. micrantha

Bert.)

Stem low, simple, leafy. Leaflets 3, broad-obcordate, slightly hairy-
ciliate on upper, and densely so on the lower surface ; petioles hairy. Pe-
duncles twice as long as the leaves, hairy, bearing a lax, apical panicle.
Sepals hairy, narrow-lanceolate.

(S. Chili) ; Chubut, in hilly parts.

9. O. LORICATA Dusen.1

Rhizome thick, totally covered by persisting, suborbicular, imbricating
scales, the uppermost being intermixed with small, membranaceous ones.

1 O. LORICATA Dusen n. s.

Rhizoma durum, robustum, usque ad 12 mm. crassum, superne pauciramosum, tota longi-
tudine squamatum ; squama diutissime imbricatae, fusco-brunneae, fere orbiculares, usque ad 4. 5
mm. longae et 4 mm. latae, valde concavae, carnosae, glaberrimae, juniores saltern apicem versus
subcarinatae, omnes minute apiculatae, supremae squamis membranaccis, lanceolatis, glaberrimis,
integerrimis, squamis carnosis sublongioribus vel plerumque subbrevioribus, late uninervosis inter-
mixtis ; folia radicalia, usque ad 1 2 apice rhizomatis fasciculatim egredientia, petiolis gracilibus,
glaberrimis, usque ad 7 cm. longis, apice rosulatim foliosis ; foliola 8—12, conduplicata, emargi-
nata, planefacta, obcordata, usque ad 1 1 mm. longa et 7 mm. lata, utroque latere siccitate minu-
tissime scrobiculata ; pedicclli petiolis aequilongi, glaberrimi, uniflori, circiter 1 5 mm. infra florem
bracteis binis, breviter ovatis, subacutis, margine pilosis praediti ; sepala lanceolata vel late lanceo-
lata, glaberrima ; caetera ignota.

Hab. Patagonia australis, Cerro Toro, supra terminum silvae (19/3, 1897); et secus Rio
Chubut.

MACLOSKIE: OXALIDACE^E. 541

Leaves about a dozen, arising fasciculately from the top of the rhizome ;
leaflets 8-12, conduplicate, emarginate, obcordate, all glabrous, but finely
scrobiculate when dry. Pedicels as long as the slender petioles, 7 cm.,
glabrous, i -flowered with a pair of ovate, hairy-margined bracts near the
top. Sepals lanceolate or a little broader, glabrous. Cetera ?
S. Patagonia, at Cerro Toro.

10. OXALIS MAGELLANICA Forst.

»

Stemless, with thick, scaly rootstock, 5 cm. long, and radical trifoliolate,
stipulate leaves, petioles 12 mm. long. Leaflets round-cordate, 6 mm.
long, fleshy, paler beneath. Scape strong, as long as the petioles,
2-bracteolate beneath the flowers. Sepals broad-oblong, retuse, one third
shorter than the white petals.

Small ; allied to O. acetosella.

Magellan ; Fuegia ; Cape Tres Montes, at 600 meters elevation. Also
in New Zealand.

11. O. NAHUEL-HUAPIENSIS Speg.

Stem creeping, thick, fleshy, woolly. Cortex thick, with lax scales ;
these linear-triangular, produced into fine, leafless petioles. New branch-
lets from the axils of the scales are fasciculately leafy, with long, slender
petioles, and leaflets 3, deeply cordate, bilobed ; their lobes broad, obtuse,
thick, glabrous. Numerous 2-flowered peduncles. Flowers rather small,
glabrous.

N. Patagon., shady rocks by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

12. O. PATAGONICA Speg.

Stemless. Rhizome creeping, densely clothed below with thick golden
scales, above with acute, linear, fuscescent bracts. Leaves radical, long-
petioled, apically 10-14 divided; the leaflets parted to their base, plicate,
obovate, subfalcate, densely and appressedly tomentose. Scapes scarcely
equalling the petioles, with a solitary, large, rose to whitish-blue
flower.

S. Patagon., in sandy hills near Rio Sta. Cruz (Speg. & O. A. Peter-
son); by Rio Gallegos and in Sierra de los Baguales. "Is it O. squamoso-
radicosa Steud., with non-woody root scales or a more villous form of O.
enneaphylla Cav. ? ' ' (Speg. )

542 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

13. OXALIS RUBRA St. Hil.

Root tuberous, obovate. Leaves radical, trifoliolate. Leaflets obcor-
date, smooth, full of black dots. Scape smooth, bearing a simple, 6-12-
flowered umbel, with a short involucre. Flowers small, red ; petals entire.
Styles exceeding the stamens. Carpels 4-5-seeded.

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

14. O. SQUAMOSO-RADICOSA Steud.

Rhizome soft-fleshy, covered by sublignescent scales. Stemless.
Leaves radical, on slender petioles, unifoliate (multifoliate?) spreading at
the apex. Leaflets less than 12, equal, linear, pubescent. Flower soli-
tary, with a small, ovate bract. Calyx-segments lanceolate, many times
shorter than the petals.

Magellan, in meadows.

15. O. STENOPHYLLA Speg.

Root tuberous, obovate, its apex- many-headed ; the branches apically
obovate-scaly, rosulate-leafy. Leaves long-petioled, trifoliolate. Leaflets
cuneate, deeply bifid ; their segments linear-obtuse. Peduncles slender,
often exceeding the leaves, trichotomously umbellate. Flowers mid-
sized, pale lilac.

N. Patagon., common by Rio Negro.

1 6. O. VALDIVIENSIS Barn.

Stem low, leafy. Petioles 8-14 cm., more or less hairy. Leaflets 3,
wide, obcordate, basicuneate. Scapes 8-25 cm., with many flowers on 5
mm. petioles. Sepals naked, obtuse ; petals 4 times as long. Style hairy.
Capsule-loculi 3~4-seeded.

(Chilian) ; Chubut, near Cholila.

O. VALDIVIENSIS HUMILIS Speg.

Only 5-10 cm. high; leaves thickish, glabrous. Scapes scarcely
exceeding the leaves.

Chubut, in dry places near Cholila.

MACLOSKIE : TROP^EOLACE^;. 543

Family 55. TROP^OLACE^:. Nasturtion Family.

Herbs, often climbing, with peltate or partite leaves and axillary, showy,
irregular flowers. Sepals 5, the posterior spurred. Petals 5, the upper 2
unlike the others. Stamens 8, hypogynous. Carpels 3, syncarpous, each
i-seeded.

Species 35, in mountain regions from Mexico southwards.

TROP^EOLUM Linn. Nasturtion.

Flowers irregular ; posterior sepal spurred. Petals lightly perigynous,
the posterior pair unlike the others.

I. T. PATAGONICUM Speg.

Minute, glabrous, with peltate-partite leaves, on very short petioles.
Leaf-segments 4, small, elliptic-orbicular, slightly unequal, thick, glaucous.
Flowers somewhat orange ; mediocre, axillary, solitary, with long peduncle
and short spurs.

Patagon., Chubut, on dry hills, by Lago Colu-huapi, and along Rio
Chubut. "Roots white, with fusoid or cylindraceous tubers, edible and
called Chalias." (Speg.)

2. T. PENTAPHYLLUM Lam.

Tuberiferous. Leaves 5-parted. Flowers solitary in the axils. Calyx
subvalvate ; the 3 anterior petals all, or i or 2 wanting. Fruit berry-
like, of 3 fleshy blackish-violet i-seeded divisions; edible.

(Chili ; Brazil) ; Patagon. (see Magallana].

3- T. POLYPHYLLUM Cav.

Tubers none. Leaves peltatisect, long-petioled, the segments 5-10,
oblong or obovate, subdentate, basicuneate. Petals 5, unguiculate, rather
exceeding the calyx, obtuse, entire, yellow. Annual.

(Andine region.)

T. POLYPHYLLUM INCISUM Speg.

Lobes of the very glaucous leaves broad-obovate, mostly complicate,
more or less pinnately incised. Roof thick, branching, 50-150 cm. deep,
with scattered fusoid to cylindraceous tubers, rather insipid.

Chubut, near Teka-choique and Nafofo-cahuello.

544 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

TROP^GOLUM POLYPHYLLUM MYRIOPHYLLUM P. & E.

Stem slender ; lobes of leaves lanceolate or linear, often again lobed.
(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut.

MAGALLANA Cav. (sub Tropceolum auct.)

Calyx-lobes, the 2 anterior deeply parted ; 3 posterior connate but 3-
toothed. Stamens united at very base. Fruit 3-winged, abortively i-
seeded.

M. PORRIFOLIA Cav.

Annual, climbing on hedges. Leaves 3-partite ; their lobes linear,
entire. "Root with globose or ellipsoid tubers, white inside." (Speg.)

S. Amer., to Puerto Deseado in S. Patagon., "not rare in gravels along
Rio Sta. Cruz, in 1882 (C. Speg.) and San Julian, in 1882 (Torini del
Furia)." Valley of Rio de Mayo. (Bentham and Hooker regard it as a
depauperate form of Tropceolum pentaphyllum Lam., described with an
alien fruit.)

•

Family 56. ZYGOPHYLLACE^E.

Usually shrubs, with opposite, stipulate, pinnate or 2-3-foliolate leaves,
the leaflets entire ; and with perfect, ^-mtrousfawers on axillary peduncles,
sometimes apetalous. Stamens 1-3 times as many as the sepals, hypo-
gynous. Ovary 4-i2-celled ; style simple. Fruit mostly capsular, divid-
ing into segments. Seeds with or without endosperm.

Species 150 in warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Filaments with lacerous basal scales. Ovary short-stiped, becoming a 5 -winged fruit. Broom-
like shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. I. Bulnesia.
A2. Filaments with a 2-3-cleft basal scale. Ovary sessile. Fruit 5-coccous, villous. Leaves
twice- pinnate. Branches nodose, distichous. 2. Larrea.

i. BULNESIA Gay.

Broom-like shrub, with sparse, small, evenly pinnate leaves, the leaflets
oblong-mucronate. Stiptiles broad, ovate. Sepals unequal. Petals as
long, clawed. Stamens 10, the filaments with adnate, basal scales. Omtles
numerous; mericarps winged, i -seeded, dehiscing.

MACLOSKIE : ZYGOPHYLLACE^:. 545

Species 6, Chili and Argentina.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 4, p. 84.)

BULNESIA RETAMA Griseb.

Silky. Peduncles i -flowered. Leaflets 2-3 pairs, deciduous ; the inter-
nodes long.

(Andes ; on dunes and in the campos of Catamarca) ; N. Patagon.

2. LARREA Cav.

Balsamifluous evergreen, odorous shrubs, with distichous, alternate,
nodose branches, and opposite, even-pinnate leaves (often a leaf, simple,
2-toothed) with persistent stipules. Peduncles interstipular, i -flowered.
Petals yellow, larger than sepals. Stamens 10, the filaments with a bifid,
basal scale. Ovary hairy, globose, 5-celled. fruit villous, 5-coccous.

Species 4, Texas to S. Amer.

1. L. AMEGHINOI Speg.

Prostrate, diffuse shrub. Leaves pubescent, distichous, opposite, sessile,
subelliptical, inequilateral, odd-pinnately lobed ; the lobes only 1—2 on
each side, obtusish. Flowers short-pediceled, subsolitary at apex of
branches ; sepals subobovate, green with yellow border ; petals oblanceo-
late, orange. Carpels entire.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Chubut.

2. L. DIVARICATA Cav.

Leaves sessile, 2-lobed, villous, the lobes deep, lanceolate, divaricate.
Branches somewhat 4-angled ; leaf-scars conspicuous, sepals unequal,
yellowish. Ovary and fruit covered by long hairs. Perennial.

(Argentina, called Jarrilla) ; Patagon., Chubut, in dry gravelly valleys.

3. L. CUNEIFOLIA Cav.

Leaves villous, simple, subsessile, cuneate, apically 2-lobed, the lobes
divaricate-acute, pinnately nerved, with a median seta.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 4, p. 86.) Argentina to N. Patagon., at con-
fluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

4. LARREA NITIDA Cav.

Shrub, 2 meters high, with distichous branches. Glutinous. Leaves
glabrous, unequally pinnate. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, approximate, linear-
oblong, obtuse. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Carpels silky.

Argentina and Chili, to N. Patagon. Leaves much used as fodder for
horses and mules near Aconcagua. "Poisonous to mules yet medicinal,"
Reiche ; called Jarrilla. By Rio Chubut.

Family 57. POLYGALACE^E. Milkwort Family.

Herbs (or sometimes in the tropics woody), with alternate or opposite,
or whorled, stipulate leaves, and zygomorphic flowers. The two lateral
sepals forming large, petaloid "wings." Petals 3, united into a tube,
which is split dorsally, and adnate to the 8 or 6 stamens ; these mon- or
diadelphous. Ovary 2-celled. Seeds i in each cell, generally caruncled,
with or without endosperm.

Species 750, in temperate and tropical regions ; several in N., many
in S. and W. United States, and Mexico and the Andes.

I

KEY TO THE GENERA.

(All these are 8-staminate.)

A. Two large lateral petaloid sepals. The dorsal pair of petals small or none. Fruit a loculi.

cidal capsule.

b. Capsule not cuneate. Lateral petals with the longer (ventral) carina coalescing sympetal-
ously, the tube being open dorsad. Seeds arillate, or with long hairs.

i. Polygala, p. 546.

b2. Capsule long-cuneate. Lateral petals free from the carina. Seeds non-arillate, with long
thick hairs. 2. Brcdemeyera, p. 550.

A2. Lateral petals wanting (or fused with the carina). Dorsal pair adnate to the staminal tube.
Carina free. Fruit indehiscent, a drupe or a samara. 3. Monnina, p. 551.

i. POLYGALA Linn.

Herbs, except in tropical climates. Flowers often in spikes, with
2-bracted pedicels. Petals more or less united, the lower one often
crested. Stamens about 8, in one or two sets. Cells of fruit i -seeded.

Species 260, widely distributed. Brazil is headquarters. Few in Aus-
tralia ; none reported from N. Zealand, Falklands, or Fernandez.

MACLOSKIE I POLYGALACE^E. 547

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves very narrow.

b. Leaves and branches, filiform, rush-like. Floral wings white ; petals blue. Seeds
villous. stenophylla.

t>2. Leaves linear-filiform, remote, erect. Racemes spiciform. patagonica.

b$. Leaves narrow-linear, remote dotted. Seeds retro rsely pilose. -uariabilis,

A2. Leaves linear. Racemes terminal, many-flowered.

b. Leaves acute, margin revolute. Outer sepals whitish. Capsule broad-elliptical.

desiderata,
b2. Leaves subobtuse, crispy. Wings obovate, /-nerved. Capsule attenuate upwards.

gnidioides.
A$. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, epiphyll hoary. Heads terminal, few-flowered. External

sepals whitish. cedipus.

A^. Leaves elliptical-obovate. Racemes terminal, few-flowered.

b. Flowers only 5 mm. long. Leaves rather broad. darwiniana.

b2. Flowers larger and leaves narrower. tehuelchum.

A$. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, thickish, small. Flowers few, subspicate, terminal on the branchlets.

moyanoi.

A6. Leaves oblong-linear, crowded. Capsule slightly 2-horned. thesioides.

Aj. Leaves small and acutish on lax branches, or larger and spatulate on spiny branches.
Villous plants. spinescens.

A8. Leaves cuneate-attenuate, fleshy. Plants prostrate, glabrous. salasiana.

Ag. Leaves broadly obovate or obtriangular. Racemes few-flowered. Capsule narrowly winged.

oreophila.

I. POLYGALA DARWINIANA Benn.

Stem woody below, much branching, 5-15 cm. high. Leaves narrow-
elliptical-obovate, margin slightly glandular. Racemes terminal, few-
flowered. Pedicels glabrous, bracts ovate, i mm. long. Flowers as large
as the leaves. Outer sepals small, upper one larger. Wings obovate-
cuneate, large.

Near to P. tekuelchum (Speg.), but with broader leaves, and much
smaller flowers, which are scarcely 5 mm. long. Keel with a beautiful
fimbriate crest. Style short, stigma crested like a duck's bill.

S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado. (C. Darwin.)

2. P. DESIDERATA Speg.

(Orthopolygala, pterocarpa, a spa la to idea.} Perennial, crisp-pubescent;
root vertical, stout, cespitose-branching at top. Branchlets fastigiate,
crowded, hoary upwards. Leaves thickish, crowded, spreading, broad-
linear, doubly attenuate, acute, marginally revolute, tomentose in youth.
Racemes acrogenous, sessile, ovate, many-flowered, with small, white, cadu-

548 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

cous bracts. Flowers mediocre, outer sepals whitish, wings rhomboid-ellip-
tical, 5-nerved, thrice as long as the upper sepal. Superior petals, linear,
adnate to the staminal tube, with a multifid, cuneate crest. Anthers pedi-
celed. Ovary bilocular, glabrous, style twice as long, z-form ; stigma
cochleate, crestless. Capsule broad-elliptical, with persistent wings, 2-
seeded. Seeds black, glabrous, except on the ventral suture, with no
caruncle, but a ring-like umbonule.

Patagon., in rocky plain between San Julian and Rio Deseado.

3. POLYGALA GNIDIOIDES Willd. " Quelen-quclen."

Root thick, tortuose. Stems woody at base, erect, branching, subvillous
upwards. Leaves numerous, sessile, linear, subobtuse, crispy. Racemes
terminal, many-flowered, showy. The 3 smaller sepals lanceolate, the
2 larger obovate, obtuse, y-nerved. Capsule apically attenuate, basally
rounded. Height 10-20 cm.

(Chili) ; Chubut, at Teka-choique, and Bolson. Allied to P. moyanoi,
but more leafy, flowers brighter and larger.

4. P. MOYANOI Speg. (Acanthocladus moyanoi Speg., Polygala

mayausi Speg.)

Fruticose, unarmed, intricately- and long-branched, puberulent in youth,
at length glabrate. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, thickish, sessile or subsessile,
small. Flowers few, subspicate on the ends of the branchlets. Upper
petals free, scarcely subadnate at the base, with fimbriate carina. Capsule
small, orbicular, glabrous, not or scarcely emarginate.

Patagon., in dry meadows by Rio Chubut ; near Cabo Raso.

5. P. CEDIPUS Speg.

(Orthopolygala, pterocarpa, aspalatoidea.] Perennial, with vertical
straight root, and vermicular-flexuose apex, subterraneously branching
with dense fascicles ; the branches terete, the underground part with white,
spongiose cortex, and leafless ; the exposed part densely leafy, glabrescent
to subpuberulous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or obovate, anteriorly
round-cuneate to acute, posteriorly long-attenuate, hoary, with straight
hairs on the upper surface, glabrous below. Flowers few, subcapitulate
on ends of the branches, short-pediceled, mediocre. External sepals about

MACLOSKIE I POLYGALACE^. 549

equal, white, green-carinate, the superior slightly larger, with 3-nerved
wings thrice as long. Superior petals linear, subsigmoid, obtuse, basally
adnate to the staminal tube ; crest of the carina multifid anteriorly, entire
posteriorly. Anthers pediceled. Ovary bilocular, glabrous ; style twice
as long, sigmoid ; stigma cochleate, crestless. Capsule seedless.
Patagon., among basalt cliffs between San Julian and Rio Deseado.

6. POLYGALA OREOPHILA Speg.

(Orthopolygala, pterocarpa, aspalatoidea.} Glabrous perennial, with a
deep woody rhizome, sending down many filiform, naked, subterranean
branches ; and others upward, resulately leafy. Leaves alternate, some-
what fleshy, broad-obovate or obtriangular, upwards obtusely rounded or
truncate-sinuate, downwards long-cuneate. Racemes acrogenous, or
pleurogenous, sessile, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Bracteoles
small, subpersistent, white. Flowers mediocre. Outer sepals nearly
equilong, the upper suborbicular, thrice shorter than the elliptic, 5-nerved,
obtuse wings ; superior petals cultriform at their base, slightly adhering
to the staminal tube. Crest subtriangular, few-cleft ; anthers pedicellate ;
ovary bilocular produced to a style longer than the glabrous crestless
stigma. Capsule subelliptical, inequilateral ; its margin narrowly winged,
shorter than the persisting wings. Seeds ovate-subcylindraceous, black,
puberulous, not caruncled, the membranes of the strophiole being obtuse
and half their length.

Patagon., in mountains by Rio Alumine, Neuquen.

7- P. PATAGONICA Phil.

Branches virgate, simple, or only an apical branch. Leaves remote,
erect, linear-filiform. Racemes spike-like. The lower petal keeled. Ovary
oblong, not emarginate, nor ciliate, plant 16 cm. high.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; Golfo de San Jorge.

8. P. SALASIANA Gay.

Glabrous. Stems very prostrate. Leaves obtusely cuneate, basally
attenuate, fleshy. Branches few-flowered. Keel of corolla crested. Cap-
sule elliptical, scarcely emarginate at top.

(Chili, Andes) ; S. Patagon., Rio Chico ; Valley of the Rio Gallegos, on
dry rocky places. (Nordenskj. ; near Lago Lacar.)

55° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

9. POLYGALA SPINESCENS Hook.

Villous. Stem 10— 60 cm. high. Branches relaxed with small acutish
leaves ; or rigid, spinescent, cespitose, with larger, spatulate, obtuse leaves.
Capsule often abortively I -celled and arcuate-falcate.

N. Patagon.

10. P. STENOPHYLLA A. Gray.

Glabrous, rush-like, 30-60 cm. high, with paniculate, filiform branches.
Leaves alternate, filiform, the cauline deciduous. Raceme terminal ; its
bracts ovate-scarious. Wings ovate-acute, white, as long as the bluish
petals. Seeds oblong villous.

N. Patagon., by Bahia Blanca by Rio Chubut.

ii. P. TEHUELCHUM (Speg. sub Acanthocladus}.

Small, branching, woody perennial, glabrous, rigid, but not spinose.
Leaves alternate, elliptic-obovate. Flowers few, small, terminal. Keel
densely crested-laciniate. Capsule glabrous, not emarginate.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; at Rio Coy, by Hatcher. A specimen in
the Gray Herbarium is from the Galapagos Islands, and has a note in
Gray's handwriting " sed foliis latioribus " ; which note would also apply
to the Hatcher specimens. " Differs from P. Darwiniana by having
broader leaves and much smaller flowers, scarcely 5 mm. long." (Speg.)
By Rio Deseado.

12. P. THESIOIDES Willd.

Undershrub. Stems numerous, erect. Leaves crowded, oblong-linear,
Racemes 8— 12-flowered. Capside slightly 2-horned at the summit.
(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon. (?).

13. P. VARIABILIS H. B. & K.

Stem ascending, subfastigiately branching upwards. Leaves sparse,
remote, narrowly linear, glabrous, with pellucid dots. Spikes lax. Flowers
crested. Seeds conical, retrorsely pilose.

(By Rio Orinoco) ; Patagon.

2. BREDEMEYERA Willd. (including Hualania Phil., and Come-

sperma Labill.)

Perennial herbs, or undershrubs, sometimes climbing, with alternate,
exstipulate leaves, and flowers in simple or branching racemes. The 2

MACLOSKIE : EUPHORBIACE^G. 55 1

inner sepals large, wing-like ; the lateral petals wanting or scalelike ; the
2 upper petals and the lowest one partly united to the staminal tube.
Capsule long-cuneate. Seeds hairy.

Species 50; section Etibredemeyera (15 sp.) and Hiialania (4) in S.
Amer. The others (Comespermd] in Australia.

BREDEMEYERA MICROPHYLLA Hier.

(Only the fruit.) Capsule obovate-oblong ; slightly emarginate, crowned
by the persistent style, attenuate at the base ; laterally compressed, 2-
celled ; the cells i -seeded. Seeds n mm. long, suspended, appressed
silky ; with endosperm. Embryo thick, fleshy, green.

N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado & Rio Negro.

»

3. MONNINA Ruiz. & Pav.

Annuals or perennials, with spike-like racemes. Sepals free, or the
anterior pair partly united ; the wings small.. Anterior petal sessile, free
from the staminal tube ; lateral petals short, adnate to the tube. Carpels
2, one of them mostly rudimentary. Fruit a key or a drupe. Seeds
smooth.

Species 60, in Mexico and along the Andes.

I. M. ANGUSTIFOLIA DC.

Woody perennial. Lowest leaves soon vanishing. Branches and
branchlets pubescent.
Patagon.

2. M. DICTYOCARPA Griseb.

Undershrub branching at base ; 30 cm. high ; the branches leafless
above, ending in a short-flowered raceme. Leaves shortly lance-linear,
mucronulate. Wings rounded. Keel 3-lobed. Stamens 8. Fruit i-
celled, glabrous, orbicular, winged, reticulate, the veins prominent towards
the margin and forked.

(Chilian Andes ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

Family 58. EUPHORBIACE.E. Spurge Family.

Monoecious or dioecious plants with acrid, often milky, sap, and of
varying habit. Flowers apetalous or petaliferous, sometimes much re-

552 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

duced, and often subtended by an involucre which resembles a calyx.
Ovary usually 3-celled, with 1-2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Styles
3-cleft. Fruit tricoccous, the parts often breaking away elastically from
the axis. Endosperm oily or fleshy ; and cotyledons broad.
Species 400, abounding most in warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

1. Flowers distinct. Stamens 2-3, on short filaments. Styles 3, united at base. Cotyledons

broader than the radicle. Calyx small, opening before anthesis ; or none.

i. Colliguaya, p. 552.

2. Flowers grouped, one central female and several i-staminate males, enclosed in a calyciform

involucre, the whole resembling a hermaphrodite flower. The tricoccus fruit protruding,
and glands alternating with the lobes of the involucre. 2. Euphorbia, p. 553.

3. Flowers solitary in the axils, or terminal and crowded. Stamens 6. Embryo linear, the coty-

ledons scarcely as wide as the radicle. Styles distinct. Heath-like. 3. Dysopsis, p. 554.

4. Axillary spikes, apically male, of 5-merous flowers. Ovary tridymous ; styles bifid.

4. Aonikena, p. 555.

i. COLLIGUAYA Molin.

Shrubs, with terminal spikes of monoecious (or dioecious } flowers, the
partial inflorescence being glomerulate or rarely lax, and without calycoid
involucre. Petals none. Male flowers with no calyx or rudimentary calyx,
and 2—3 stamens. Female flowers with 2—3 sepals. Fruit having 2-3
bivalved cocci, or a 3-winged carpophore.

Species 6, in extratrop. S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p.
100, C-F.)

I. C. INTEGERRIMA Gill & Hook.

Leaves coriaceous, entire. Male bracts broad, ovate, horizontal, con-
taining 9-14 stamens. Female bracts ovate-lanceolate, enclosing the ses-
sile, oblong-ovate, acuminate sepals. Ovary 2-celled ; capsiile didymous,
compressed.

(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon., Chubut, Rio Sta. Cruz, Golfo de San Jorge.

2. C. PATAGONICA Speg.

Fruticose, glabrous, branches nearly leafless, flexuose and subcircinate
at top. The few leaves caducous, linear, entire, obtuse, cuneate ; others at
the base with a large, tooth-like gland. Spikes axillary, short, bracts
coarsely 2-glandular. Capsule didymous, 2-celled, mediocre. Seeds sub-
globose, fusco-maculate, with small, white caruncle. — Dioecious (Speg.)

MACLOSKIE : EUPHORBIACE/E. 553 '

Patagon., Chubut, by Lago Musters; by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Chico.

2. EUPHORBIA Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, with acrid, milky juice, and monoecious, pedicled
flowers, in sets of several males and a single, exserted female, enclosed
together in a calyciform involucre. Perianth none, or 3 rudiments on the
female flower ; stamens each on a jointed filament-pedicel, and each repre-
senting a flower. Ovary sessile on top of its pedicel, 3-celled, the cells
i -seeded ; becoming a tricoccous/w//.

Species 600, chiefly subtropical, and often xerophil. Some are found
in Lapland and Iceland ; whence they extend to S. Amer., Australia, and
the Fijis, and New Zealand.

i. E. PATAGONICA Hieron.

Glabrous, glaucous, having many stems from a short root. Leaves
fleshy, subentire ; the lower cauline sparse, sessile, semiamplexicaul,
oblong, entire, 25 mm. by 7-8 mm. Upper floral leaves ovate, basi-cor-
date. Inflorescence frequently dichotomous from 3 approximate radii.
Involucre long-peduncled (8-10 mm. long) dentate, subtruncate, with 4-5
glands. Capsiile deeply 3-sulcate, scarcely calyculate. Styles briefly
united at their base, thick and 2-lobed above.

N. Patagon.; common in dunes near Carmen de Patagones.

2. E. PORTULACOIDES (Linn.) Spreng.

Glabrous (or minutely velvety), with many stems from a long root, rays
of the umbel 3, often long and leafy, and repeatedly dichotomous ; the
leaves glaucous, fleshy, sessile from an attenuate base, obovate, obsoletely
crenulate, the floral leaves similar. Inflorescences in the dichotomies ;
involucral lobes long with purple glands. Seeds ovate, subtetragonal,
smooth.

(Chili); Patagon., at Coy Inlet, by Hatcher, Nov. 5, 1896; "in
bunches on the pampas." Chubut ; in dry, sandy places. Allied to E.
ipecacuanha L.

E. PORTULACOIDES CHILENSIS Gay.

Stems often erect. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute.
(Chilian Andes ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

554 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

EUPHORBIA PORTULACOIDES GLABRA Phil.

" In terris magellanicis."

Spegazzini gives 3 forms : (a) obtusifolia, glabrous ; leaves obtuse, (b]
acutifolia, glabrous ; leaves acute, (c] bridgesi, hispidulose ; leaves
obtuse.

3. E. PSEUDOPEPLUS Speg.

( Tithymalus, galarrhcea, leiocarpa, subleiosperma.}

Annual, the stem at the very base having 2 opposite, equi-long branches,
above this densely and alternately branching ; the branches and branch-
lets subappressed ; cauline leaves alternate, spatulate, subpetiolate, small,
caducous ; floral leaves larger, opposite, suborbicular, sessile. Umbels
2— 5-rayed ; the rays 2— 3-dichotomous. Flowers small, nearly sessile ;
lobes of the turbinate, membranaceous involucre minute, entire ; glands
ochroleucous, entire ; cocci of the capsule dorsally rounded ; seed ellipti-
cal, rugose-reticulate. Caruncle peltate, not depressed.

In higher places along the Rio Negro, and Golfo de San Jorge.

4. E. SERPENS Kth.

Glabrous annual. Stems filiform, prostrate, branching. Leaves short-
petioled, from an unequally cordate base, ovate-orbiculate, entire, often
retuse. Stipules broad-triangular, toothed at apex Involucres solitary in
the upper axils, but approximate, as the internodes are short, 2-3-lobed,
with transverse oblong glands. Styles shortly bifid. Cocci keeled.

(N. Amer., by Mexico to S. Am.) ; N. Patagon. It seems identical with
the Oriental E. screens indica Engelm. (DC. Prodr., xv, 2, p. 30).

(Fig. in Brit. & Br, ii, p. 372.)

3. DYSOPSIS Baill.

Small, prostrate herb, with alternate, petiolate leaves, and small, axillary,
monoecious flowers (or terminally crowded); Calyx 3-cleft. Petals none.
Stamens 6, epicalycine, exsert, with versatile anthers. Ovary 3-celled ;
styles distinct, lanceolate, laciniate. Capstile tridymous, having small
seeds with narrow cotyledons.

Only species :

D. GLECHOMOIDES (Rich.) Mull.

(D. gay ana Baill.)

MACLOSKIE ! EUPHORBIACE^. 555

Leaves broad-ovate to orbicular, basi-truncate to cordate, cremate, or
lobed. Flowers subsessile or long pediceled.

(Andes, Fernandez) ; Magellan, by mountains and woods ; Fuegia.

GLECHOMOIDES HIRSLTA.

In Fernandez, and at Punta Arenas.

•

4. AOXIKEN'A Speg. (Nova Addenda ad Fl. Patagon.,

p. 162, 1902.)

EupJiorbiacea. crotonea, chrozophorea, eleutheropetala.

Malejbnoers: calyx in the bud ovoid, acute, dosed, in anthesis valvatery
5-partite ; petals 5, shorter than the calyx, denticulate ; disc inconspicuous ;
stamens 5, filaments united at base into a column, alternating with die
petals ; anthers ovate, always erect, dorsifixed, the locules parallel, laterally
dehiscing ; no rudiment of an ovary. Female JUnoers : calyx as in males, the
sepals scarcely larger ; petals and disc-glands none ; ovary 3-locular ; styles
spreading, free from the base, slightly bifid below die middle ; the branches
slender apically, obtuse, entire ; ovule in the locules solitary. Capsule when
dry tridymous, separating into 2-valved coccL Seeds non-caninculate,
testa subpapillose-porous ; endosperm fleshy, greenish; embryo straight;
radicle cylindrical ; cotyledons plane, very short, and very broad. Tender,
glabrous annual ; leaves alternate, plane, entire, petiolate ; spikes axillary,
slender, floriferous above the middle, thc/touj somewhat remote, sessile,
the lover female, the upper male. Capsules glabrous, smooth.

Named from Aoniken, the savages of southern Patagonia, also called
the Tehuelches.

A. PATAGOXICA Speg.

Small, effuse, stems green or purple, obsoletery and obtusely sub-
angulate, rather fleshy. Leaves orbicular to ovate, long-petiolate. Spikes
twice as long as the subtending leaf, 5— 7-flowered. Flowers small, die
lower 3-4 female. Sepals acute, reflexed after dehiscence of the

adorned with the columella persisting in the center. Seeds cinereous,
subglobose.

S. Patagon., in sandy elevated places by Rio Chico, near Chonkenk-

556 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Family 59. CALLITRICHACE^E. Water-starwort Family.

Aquatic herbs, rarely terrestrial, with opposite, exstipulate, entire leaves,
and minute, perfect or monoecious, axillary flowers. Perianth none.
Bracts 2-none. Stamen i . Ovary 4-celled, with 2 styles. Seed i in each
cell, anatropus, with endosperm. Fruit 2-4-coccous.

Only i genus, 20 species, widely distributed (except in S. Africa).

CALLITRICHE Linn.
Characters of the Family.

i. C. DEFLEXA A. Br. ( C. pedunculata A. Gray.)

Small annual, forming tufts on moist soil, without stellate scales.
Leaves uniform, minute, obovate or obovate-lanceolate, crowded. Bracts
none. Pollen subglobose, minute. Fruit minute, broader than long,
dicoccous; mericarps subsinuate, convex dorsally, keels acute. Stigmas
patent, persisting, and often reflexed. Pedicels long or short, reflexed, or
spreading.

Amer., in warm and temperate parts. Swamps in Staaten I., and in
Basket I.

2. C. OBTUSANGULA LeGall.

Upper leaves obovate, often rosulate, many-nerved ; lower remoter and
narrower. Pollen subglobose. Fruit handsome, rounded at the angles,
sulci evanescent. Stigmas persistent, erect or spreading.

(Eur.) ; Staaten I. (var. antarctica Engelm.).

3. C. PALUSTRIS Linn. (C. verna L.)

Submerged leaves linear, the others obovate. Fruit sessile, oval, 2-
bracted, flat on the face, longer than the styles.

(Eurasia and N. Amer., also in Kerguelen L); Falklands; Fuegia.

4. C. VERNA Linn. (? being sterile here).

Varies much in foliage; upper and floating leaves usually oval and
pediceled, 2-ribbed; lower leaves linear, i -ribbed; rarely all linear. Fruit-
ing pedicels short, with 2 falcate bracts at base ; fruit tetragonal, lobes
dorsally keeled or winged.

(Eur. and N. Amer.) ; Chubut, in swamps and pools near Lago Fontana.

MACLOSKIE : CORIARIACEyE. 557

Family 60. EMPETRACE.E. Crowberry Family.

Low, evergreen, heath-like shrubs, with small, narrow, subsessile,
crowded, shining, imbricated leaves, revolute at the margins ; and flowers
small, dioecious or polygamous, axillary or terminal. Sepals 3. Petals 2-3,
or none. Male flowers with 2-4, usually 3, stamens. Ovary sessile, 2-sev-
eral-celled, style cleft similarly. Dnipe berry-like. Seeds with endosperm.

Species 5, in temperate and cold regions, and on mountains. (Corema
is confined to S. United States.)

EMPETRUM Linn.

Flowers in the upper axils. Petals 3, purplish. Drupe black or red,
with 6-9 nutlets.

Species 2, R. nigrum L. in Eurasia and N. Amer., with black, rarely
white fruit, and the following :

E. RUBRUM Vahl. (E. nigrum L. var. rubrum DC.)

Drupe red. Pubescence on young leaves stronger than in E. nigrum.

(Tristan d'Acunha; Mts. of Chili) ; Falklands ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher
in the Cordilleras, in fruit Feb. 16, "quail and partridge feed on its ber-
ries." W. Patagon.; Magellan, Fuegia to Cape Horn. "Over the
whole steppe region, and often in the rainy forest region and on the
mountains." (Dusen.)

Family 6 1 . CORIARIACE^E.

Smooth shrubs, with angular branches, opposite or 3-whorled, exstipu-
late leaves, and small, 5-merous, hypogy nous flowers, having distinct, small
and fleshy petals. Stamens 10 ; ovary 5-lobed (sometimes lo-lobed), be-
coming indehiscent, cocci separated by the persisting calyx-leaves. Styles
5. Cocci i -seeded, with very scanty endosperm.

Species about 8, scattered from the Mediterranean through Nepal, China
to Japan ; and New Zealand and neighboring islands ; also in S. Amer.
from Mexico to Patagonia.

CORIARIA L.

Only genus, fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 128. Also fossil species.
C. thymifoKa Humb. in New Zealand. Kermadec and Peru to Mexico ;
other allied forms in Peru and New Zealand, in alpine regions.

"558 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

CORIARIA RUSCIFOLIA Feuill.

Sarmentose shrub, with flexible, pendent branches. Leaves sessile
or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, punctate-acute, 5-7 cm. long, opposite,
sometimes in whorls of 3-4. Flowers racemed. Fleshy petals about the
fruit are azure. Height 1-3 meters; a poisonous plant.

(New Zealand, Kermadec, and Chatham I.; Chili) ; Chubut, rare in shrub-
beries near Carren-leofu and poison. The fleshy petals yield a wine to
the natives of New Zealand ; whilst the fruit is poisonous.

Family 62. ANACARDIACE^;. Sumach Family.

Trees or shrubs, with acrid sap, and mostly alternate, exstipulate, simple
or compound leaves, without pellucid dots, the petioles often winged ; and
regular, sometimes diclinous flowers. Calyx 3-y-cleft. Petals 3-7, hy-
pogynous, or none. Stamens as many as the petals, or differing, inserted
on a hypogynous disk. Ovary in staminate flowers i -celled; in the pis-
tillate flowers 4-5-celled, Styles 1-3. Ovules i in each cell. Fruit a
small drupe. Rndosperm scanty or none.

Species 400, most in warm regions.

SCHINUS Linn.

Leaves simple or odd-pinnate. Flowers small, white, dioecious, in pan-
icles. Stamens 10. Female flower with fine staminodes, i-celled; style
3-branched or i ; ovule pendulous. Drupe globular, chartaceous.

Species 12, in warm parts of S. Amer.

i. S. CRENATUS (Phil.) Engl.

Branches short, cinereous. Leaves elliptic, varying, mostly acute both
ways, crenate upwards, with prominent midrib and immersed lateral
nerves. Racemes shorter than the leaves; bracteoles semiovate, margi-
nally ciliate ; pedicels slender. Calyx-lobes ovate ; petals thrice as long,
oblong. Ovary subglobose ; styles distinct, with 3-lobed capitate stigma.

(Chilian Cordilleras); Patagon., Chubut, in mountain woods.

2. S. DEPENDENS Orteg. (Duvaua prcecox Gris.) Incense-bush.

Leaves simple. Flowers 4-5-merous ; styles united. Stamens unequal.
Many varieties with the leaves differing, from broad to narrow, or reduced
to the sagittate petiole. (Fig. 104 in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 5, p. 163.)

MACLOSKIE : CELASTRACE^E. 559

(Chili, S. Brazil; Argent.); N. Patagon. A low bush with crooked
branches and thorns ; a purgative resin got from its trunk is used medici-
nally. Incense-bush, "Mata de Incienso."

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, with thick, entire leaves.

3- SCHINUS LATIFOLIUS Engl.

Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous, oval to oval-oblong, 3-7 cm.
long by 15-30 mm. broad, obtuse or acute, serrate-dentate ; petioles terete,
slightly sulcate above, 5-9 mm. long. Inflorescences 1-2, axillary or
sometimes extra-axillary. Calyx 4-5 mm. long. Fruit violet.

•
4. S. MONTANUS (Pb.) Engl.

Pubescent, with thick, subscariose leaves, the upper petioles very thick ;
blades truncately oval, obtuse, or apiculate, entire or wavy-margined,
about 4 cm. long. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves.

S. Patagon., in shrubberies near Lago Argentino.

S. MONTANUS PATAGONICUS Phil.

Shrub 2 m. high. Leaves petiolate, with their margins obscurely cre-
nate towards the apex.

(Cordilleras of Valdivia); N. Patagon.; by Lago Lajara.

(S. molle, found farther north, is the chief Incense-busk, and has a su-
gary edible drupe. Fragments of its leaf move by jerks when floating on
water, being impelled by the exit of the volatile oil.)

Family 63. CELASTRACE.E. Staff-tree Family.

Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves, exstipulate or having small, caducous
stipules. Flowers small, perfect, 4-5-merous, with a disk supporting the
stamens which are isomerous and alternate with the petals. Ovary su-
perior or joined to the disk, 3-5-celled ; cells i— 2-ovulate. Style short,
thick. Fruit a capsule. Seeds enclosed in a showy arillus and with a
large embryo in the axis of endosperm.

Species 350, in warm and temperate climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

i. Fruit dehiscing, 2- (rarely 3-) celled. Flowers 5-merous. Disk fleshy, convex, stamens in-
serted beneath it. Seeds arilled. Leaves alternate, evergreen. I. Maytenus.

560 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

2. Fruit indehiscent, 3-4, rarely 2-celled. Flowers 4-5-merous. Disk flat, lobed, stamens in-
serted between the lobes. Seeds arilled or not. Leaves opposite or alternate or whorled.

2. Rhacoma.

( " Distinguished from Maytenus by its capsules remaining closed, whilst those of Maytenus
burst open." )

1. MAYTENUS Feuill. ex Juss. Gen.

Unarmed, evergreen shrubs, with alternate, petiolate, coriaceous, serrate
leaves, and axillary, polygamous, 5-merous flowers, solitary or fascicled,
or cymose. Ovary immersed in the orbicular disk ; its cells i- (rarely 2-)
ovuled. Seeds with crustaceous testa.

Species 70, S. Amer., with 3 sp. in Mex., i in Galapagos, and i in St.
Vincent I.

i. M. BO ARIA Molina. (M. chilensis DC.)

Leaves elliptical-oblong, attenuate at base, apically acuminate, serrate.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon.; valleys of Upper Limay and Chubut. "A small
tree, rather variable in habit." (J. Ball.) Fuegia, at Lapataia, on the
Beagle Channel.

M. BOARIA LATIFOLIA ReisS.

(Chili ; Argentina) ; Patagonia.

2. M. MAGELLANICA (Lam.) Hook. f. (Celastrus magellanicus DC.)

Branches terete, pubescent. Leaves glabrous, elliptic-ovate, attenuate
both ways, finely serrate. Peduncles short, i -flowered ; bracteoles fimbri-
ate. Calyx-segments rounded. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers
ovate-cordate. Capsule compressed, orbicular-obcordate, 2-celled, 2-
valved, 2-seeded. Arilhts white.

W. Patagon.; E. and W. Magellan. Dawson I.; Fuegia, Ushuaia, by
Hatcher. Wood hard, used by the natives for arrows ; called " lena-
dura " and aiaen.

2. RHACOMA Linn. (Myginda L.)

Shrubs varying as to leaves, etc. Flowers few, minute, usually 4- (or
5-) merous. Calyx-tube urceolate, its lobes rounded. Petals reflexed.
Stamens inserted between the lobes of the disk ; anthers globose. Ovary
fused with the disk, 3-4-celled ; cells i -ovuled. Styles very short, lobed.
Fruit small, dry, or drupaceous with pyrenes. Seeds arillate or not.

MACLOSKIE: RHAMNACE^E. 561

Species 14, in trop. Amer.; Central Amer.; Florida; West Indies; Chili
(not Brazil).

RHACOMA (MYGINDA) DISTICHA Hook. f.

Branches distichous, divaricate. Leaves small (15 mm. long), very
numerous, evergreen, glabrous, alternate, distichous, short-petioled, linear-
oblong, entire, subacute, margin finely recurved, apiculate. Flowers axil-
lary, solitary, short-peduncled. Fruit coriaceous, abortively i -celled, i-
seeded, usually with an aril.

(Chili) ; Magellan ; S. Fuegia, by Hatcher. It forms dense woods
about Ushuaia. W. Patagon., forming undergrowth of woods of Notho-
fagus bettiloid.es at 500 • meters elevation (Dusen) ; Chubut, mountain
shrubberies near Carren-leofu.

Family 64. RHAMNACE^:. Buckthorn Family.

Erect or climbing shrubs or trees, often thorny, with simple, stipulate
leaves ; and small, perfect, 4-5 merous flowers, usually in cymes or
paniculate ; the petals inserted on the calyx, or none, and the stamens as
many as, and opposite to, the petals or their place. Anthers short ; disk
fleshy; ovary sessile, i-5-celled; cells i-ovuled. Fruit a drupe, or cap-
sule. Endosperm fleshy, rarely none.

Species nearly 600, in temperate and warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Drupe i-, rarely 2-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnately nerved. Flowers axillary, small,

petals none. Leafy branches partly ending in spines. . i. Condalia.

A2. Drupe with several pyrenes. Thorny shrubs with opposite, decussating branches, leaves

small or none. Calyx-tube produced above the disk.
b. Pyrenes indehiscent. Leaves 3-nerved, without transverse ridges. Flowers on short

peduncles, below the axillary spines. 2. Trevoa.

&2. Drupes 3-coccous, cocci dehiscing elastically. Flowers on nodding pedicels, mostly

axillary.

c. Leaves mostly persisting, rarely none; transverse, stipular ridges. 3. Discaria.

c2. Leaves mostly deciduous, very small or none, without transverse, stipular ridges.

4. Colletia.

i. CONDALIA Cav.

Glabrous shrubs, with spinescent branches, and alternate, subsessile, pin-
nately veined, entire, coriaceous leaves; and axillary, solitary or fascicu-

562 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

late flowers. Petals mostly wanting. Ovary immersed in the disk, free,
2— i -celled. Fruit a drupe, surrounded by the receptacular-cup, and partly
adherent to it. Seed compressed, or globose, not furrowed.
Species 10, in warm parts of Amer.

CONDALIA MICROPHYLLA Cav. (C. lineata A. Gray.)

Branches and branchlets light gray. Leaves very small, on short spurs,
spatulate to oblong, 4-10 mm. long, mucronate or cuspidate, marked by
3-4 nerves on each side underneath. Flowers shortly pediceled. Calyx
whitish, 5-lobed. Petals none. Drupe oblong.

(Argentina, " piquillin.")

N. Patagon., in high places by Rio Negro (Wilkes Exp.).

Three kinds of this according to the color of the drupes, melano-,
erythro-, xanthocarpa.

(Phylica Linn, not found in America, is often heath-like with entire
revolute, tomentose leaves and superior flowers, having 3-celled ovary
and tricoccous fruit. It has, many species in S. Africa, Madagascar,
Bourbon, etc. One, P. arborea Thou., is found in Amsterdam I., the
only tree of that island, forming its woods ; also in Tristan, 5,000 miles

distant, and nowhere else. Neighboring islands of these are all treeless.)

/

2. TREVOA Miers.

Leafy, branching, spinescent shrubs, with opposite branches and 3-nerved
leaves, and small, deciduous stipules. Flowers fascicled on i -flowered
pedicels, below the axillary spines, 4-5-merous. Calyx long-produced
above the inconspicuous disk, hairy inside, and its tube persisting under
the ovoid, 2-3-celled drupe.

Petals and stamens inserted in the mouth of the calyx.

Species 3, Bolivia and Chili.

T. PATAGONICA Speg.

Nearly leafless, densely spreading, with spinose branches, 1-3 meters
high.

Leaves early deciduous, elliptical, entire, obtuse upward, briefly cuneate
below with a short petiole. Flowers racemed, white, minutely appressed-
pubescent, with a large, bilocular, globose drupe.

MACLOSKIE : RHAMNACE^E. 563

Patagon., in valleys by Golfo de San Jorge ; in dry valleys along Rio
Chubut. " Sometimes nearly leafless or with small, coriaceous leaves ;
sometimes with large, membranaceous leaves." (Speg.)

3. DISCARIA Hook.

Branching, mostly glabrous shrubs, rarely leafless, the branches decus-
sating, often spinescent, transversely furrowed at the nodes. Leaves
opposite, minute, coriaceous, mostly persisting. Stipules small, joined by
lines. Flowers on axillary, nodding pedicels. Calyx-tube continued
above the disk, bearing the 4-5 petals (or petals none), and the stamens.
Ovary 3-celled, immersed in the disk. Drupe dry, 3-coccous, cocci at
length dehiscing, imbedded in the base of the calyx.

Species 12, chiefly in extratropical and Andine S. Amer. ; also i each
in the Galapagos, Australia and N. Zealand ; some cultivated.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leafless. Branches jointed, ending in a spine. articulata.

Az. Nearly leafless. Branches virgate, spinose. longispina.
AT,. Leaves serrate, sparse.

b. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves 12 mm. long ; spiny branches as of Ulex. discolor.

b2. Flowers 5-merous. Leaves 20 mm. Spines coarse. serratifolium.
A^. Leaves entire.

b. Spinose. .Leaves lance -linear to oblong, caducous. febrifuga.

b2. Unarmed. Leaves subovate.

c. Calyx 5-cleft. Low, procumbent. andina.

c2. Flowers 4-merous. magellanica.

£3. Leaves subspatulate. Flowers 4-merous. integrifolia.
A$. Leaves crenulate-toothed, elliptic-oblong.

b. Branches virgate, with long spines. cognata.

b2. Branches erect, some spinescent. foliosa.

i. D. ANDINA (Miers) Speg. (Notophczna a. ofMiers.)

Low, procumbent, unarmed. Branchlets tortuose, nodose, very leafy.
Leaves opposite, from long, scaly, axillary buds, ovate, obtuse at both
ends, or basi-acute ; entire, thick, sparsely pilose all over, pinnately
nerved; the petiole short, channeled, puberous. Stiptiles broad, bifid,
ciliate,. partly connate. Flowers few, aggregate. Peduncle exceeding the
petiole, i -flowered, erect, pilose. Calyx 5-cleft, its lobes half as long
as the stamens. Ovary glabrous.

(Chilian Andes) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

564 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

2. DISCARIA ARTICULATA (Phil, sub Colletio] Miers.

Leafless, glabrous ; branchlets strict, having 3 internodes, articulated,
ending in a spine. Flowers crowded, with 4 stamens. Pedicels as long
as the white, glabrous calyx ; calyx-teeth erect, broadly triangular. Petals
lanceolate, equalling the calyx-teeth. Genitalia included.

"The lines joining the stipules prove it to be Discaria, not Colletia."
(O. Ktze.)

(Chili) ; Patagon. in shrubberies near Carren-leofu.

3. D. COGNATA (Miers sub Notop liana}.

Branches long, virgate, angled-striate, glabrous, with long, pungent
spines, floriferous at their middle. Young branches floriferous, arising
below and exceeding the spines. Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, cre-
nate-serrate, narrowing upwards ; green above, pale underneath. Stip-
ules and transverse sheath manifest. Flowers 2-4, fasciculate on long
peduncles, 2-4 times exceeding the petiole and calyx. Calyx 4-cleft,
glabrous. Stamens 4, shorter. Ovary pilose, style long.

Chiloe I.; Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi and Lago Argentine.
"Scarcely receding from the type. Leaves more numerous and deficient
in spinescent branches."

4. D. DISCOLOR (Hook. f. sub Colletia} B. & H.

A small, spiny, glabrescent shrub, with bright, green bark, of habit of
European Ulex. Branches rigid, terete, sparsely leafy, with jointed
spines. Leaves evergreen, elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse, obscurely
serrate, attenuate to a short petiole, paler underneath, 12 mm. long.
Peduncles axillary. Calyx 4-cleft. Cocci pilose, i -seeded. Testa crus-
taceous, shining.

(Chili) ; Patagon., Magellan, Fuegia, Ushuaia, Navarino I. By Rio
Aysen in W. Patagon. (Dusen.)

5. D. FEBRIFUGA Mart.

Leafy, becoming leafless ; branches slender, green when young, often
finely white punctate. Spines terete, subulate, 2-leaved. Leaves peti-
oled, lance-linear to oblong, i -nerved. Stipules acute, sheathing, the
branch ciliolate when young. Calyx as long as the pedicel ; capsule
longer (6-8 mm.) shining, reticulate.

MACLOSKIE : RHAMNACEyG. 565

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. Fig. G-J in Eng. & Prantl, iii,
5, p. 422. The bitter cortex of its root is used as a febrifuge, "Brazilian
china."

6. DISCARIA FOLIOSA (Miers sub Notopluena] Speg.

Leafy shrub or small tree, the branches not spreading, some of them
spinescent, the spines erect, striate, pale to fuscous-red. Young branches
unarmed, erect, bearing leaves and flowers. Stipules opposite, reddish,
broad-trigonal, concave or 2-toothed, united around the stem. Leaves
opposite, elliptical to oblong, obtuse or mucronulate, crenulate-toothed,
green above, glaucous beneath, pinnately nerved. Flowers 3-fascicled
from each axil. Peduncle erect, at length curved. Ovary pilose. Style
glabrous, long. The spines are jointed in the middle, and there florife-
rous. In the young branches the stipules form in each axil a hollow cup
with 2 lobes.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

7- D. INTEGRIFOLIA Speg.

Leaves entire, subspatulate, emarginate, shortly cuneate-petiolate, gla-
brous. Flowers axillary, ternate ; peduncles twice as long as the petioles.
Calyx 4-partite, subglobose, rose-purplish.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

8. D. LONGISPINA (Hook.) Miers.

Glabrous shrubs, nearly leafless, with virgate-spinose branches ; spines
opposite, remote, very long, often arcuate, mostly naked, callous-pungent.
Young branches from beneath the spines ; with leaves and flowers in the
axils. Leaves opposite, small, long-elliptical, acute, entire, rarely with
toothed apex ; shining green, fleshy. Stipules red, ovate, 2-toothed, ciliate,
united, minute. Flowers often crowded in the axils. Calyx as long as
peduncle, urceolate, with 4 erect segments. Petals 4, acute both ways.
Stamens subequal to petals. Ovary glabrous, globose. Style short.
Fruit with 3 cocci, separating.

Argentina to N. Patagon.

" The thick roots serve as fuel ; and the flowers are sold in Buenos
Aires." (J. Ball.)

566 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

9. DlSCARIA MAGELLANICA (MierS Sub

Unarmed, finely pubescent ; with short internodes. Young leaves ovate-
oblong, obtuse at both ends, entire, or obscurely dentate, 5-6 mm. long.
Flowers 4-merous ; the young 2 mm. long, on peduncles as long.

W. Magellan, on Cordilleras.

10. D. SERRATIFOLIA (Vent).

Armed with coarse spines ; leaves few, about as long as the internodes
(2 cm.), oblong to linear-oblong; apically emarginate and mucronulate ;
attenuate downwards, shortly serrate-toothed, the teeth glandular ; blade
thickish and nerveless. Intrapetiolar stipules confluent into a ring.
Flowers 1-2, axillary, crowded, 5-merous, shorter than the peduncles.

(Chili, cultivated) Patagon., to the Antarctic region.

4. COLLETIA Comm.

Branches decussating, spinescent. Calyx-tube much produced above
the disk ; petals and stamens inserted in its throat. Ovary immersed in
the disk, becoming a dry coriaceous tricoccous drupe ; drupelets dehiscing.
Lea/less or with minute, opposite, 'deciduous leaves, and stipules not trans-
versely joined. Flowers 4-6-merous, below the spines on nodding,
i -flowered peduncles.

Species 13, chiefly in extratropical S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng.. & Prantl,
iii, 5, 422, A. B.) C. spinosa Lam. of S. Brazil, has wood with purgative
sap, from which an alcohol is prepared as a medicine for intermittent
fevers.

i. C. DONIANA Gay. (Ochetophila trinervis Poepp.)

A tree with rather dense crown. Glabrous, branching, with long, leafy,
horizontal branchlets. Leaves opposite, ovate-elliptical, erect, attenuate
to the petiole, apically obtuse, or mucronate, entire, pale underneath,
3-nerved. Stipules small, lanceolate. Flowers solitary in the axils, or
fascicled, on short peduncles. Cocci smooth, cleft by a median slit.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, and near Rio Colorado. "One of our ex-
amples had spines i cm. long in the axils of the decussate leaves; the
others had none." (Nied. & Lor.) In mountain shrubberies by Lago
Nahuel-huapi.

MACLOSKIE I EL/EOCARPACE/E. 567

2. COLLETIA FEROX Gill. & Hook.

Spines strong, awl-shaped. Fascicles of flowers scattered. Calyx ob-
long-cylindrical. Anthers nearly sessile. Perennial.
(Chili); Patagon., in gravel beds by Rio Chubut.

C. FEROX PUBERULA Gay.

(Chili); Patagon., in gravel beds near Rio Chubut. "The Patagonian
form is densely and fasciculately branching, strong, obscurely green, its
branchlets minutely and laxly pulverulent hairy."

3. C. LINEATA A. Gray.

Glabrous. Branches divaricate, spinescent. Leaves spatulate, or obo-
vate, mucronate, thick, coriaceous, veinless on upper surface, nervose un-
derneath, with short petioles. Calyx with 5 whitish lobes. Petals appar-
ently none. Drupe oblong.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. C. SPINOSA Lam.

Smooth shrub, with striated branchlets and spines ; spines long, simple,
stout. Leaves oblong-ovate, smooth, entire or slightly dentate towards
the apex. Flowers solitary or few, in an inflorescence. Pedicels 2 mm.
long. Calyx cylindrical, 5-toothed. Filaments short or bent down.

(Chili.) "

C. SPINOSA VALDIVIANA (Phil.).

Densely pubescent. Branching at angle of 40° (60° in the type).
Flowers fasciculate ; stamens sometimes 4.
(Valdivia) ; Chubut, by Carren-leofu.

Family 65. EL^EOCARPACE^:.

Trees or shrubs, with alternate or decussate, simple, stipulate leaves and
regular, inferior flowers; the petals mostly free and apically much cleft, not
contorted. Stamens numerous, sometimes on an androphore, anthers 2-
celled, mostly opening by pores. Ovary mostly 2-many-celled ; each
cell many-ovuled. Style i , branching. Fruit capsular.

Species 120, chiefly tropical.

568 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

1. Petals valvate, lobed or incised. Fruit a leathery capsule. Trees. Crinodendron.

2. Petals imbricate, lobed. Fruit a berry. Shrubs with opposite, serrate leaves. Aristotelia.

i. CRINODENDRON Mol.

Trees, with serrate leaves, and solitary, axillary, 5-merous flowers. Petals
5, exceeding the calyx, 3-lobed, cucullate. Androgynophore large, hairy,
lo-lobed. Ovary 3-5-celled. Capsule coriaceous, loculicidal.

C. PATAGUA Mol. (Tricuspidaria dependens R. & P.)
Evergreen, with alternate, oval-lanceolate, serrate leaves, 6 cm. long, and
fleshy, rose-colored flowers on long peduncles. Capsule subrotund, silky-
pilose.

Valdivia; Chiloe ; Magellan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6, p. 4, C-E).
Dye is obtained from its bark. Reiche states that in the Province of
Patagua it has white flowers, but that southward they^are pink.

2. ARISTOTELIA L'Her. (Friesia DC.)

Shrubs, mostly with subopposite leaves and flowers axillary or lateral,
racemose, usually polygamous. Sepals 4-5 ; petals as many, induplicate-
valvate, incised or rarely entire. Stamens many, along with the petals
inserted around an elevated, glandular torus. Berry indehiscent.

Species 7, i in Chili and Patagon., i in Tasmania, 2 in Australia, 3 in
New Zealand.

A. MAQUI L'Her.

Berries as large as peas, dark purple, ultimately black, acid and edible
and yielding under preparation a medicinal wine.

(Chili); Patagon., Chubut; by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; Carren-leofu.

Family 66. MALVACEAE. Mallow Family.

Mostly herbs or shrubs, with alternate, palmately-nerved leaves, often
having stellate hairs and deciduous stipules. Flowers regular, often large,
mostly perfect. Sepals 5 (3-4) united, often bracteolate, the lobes val-
vate. Petals 5, convolute. Stamens numerous, hypogynous, monadel-
phous, forming a column around the pistil. Anthers reniform, i -celled.
Ovary several-celled ; the styles united, separating upwards. Fruit cap-
sular; seeds reniform. Embryo curved. Endosperm little or much.

Species 800, in tropics and warm regions.

MACLOSKIE I MALVACEAE. 569

KEY TO THE GENERA.

In all these the carpels are arranged in a circle, and the staminal column is antheriferous at
the top.
A. Style branches as many as the carpels.

b. Carpels each many-seeded, at least 2-seeded.

c. Involucel none. i. Abutilon, p. 569.

c2. Involucel 3-leaved. 2. Spharalcea, p. 570.

b2. Carpels i -seeded.

c. Seeds erect. Involucel of 1—3 distinct bracteoles or none.

d. Stigma linear, on inner side of the style-branches. Carpels not beaked.

3. Malva, p. 571.

d2. Stigmas capitate, terminating the style-branches, which are often thickened above.
Carpels beaked. 4. Malvastrum, p. 572.

cz. Seeds pendulous, with dorsal raphe. Involucel none.

d. Style-branches slender or thickened upwards, stigmatic on inside. Carpels fewer
than 5. 5. Plagianthus, p. 572.

d2. Style branches capitate, apically stigmatic.

e. Carpels not winged, 5— <x. 6. Sida, p. 572.

e2. Carpels with 2 lateral wings. 7. Cristaria, p. 575.

AA. Style-branches twice as many as the carpels. Involucel of 5— oo bracteoles. Carpels spiny
or tubercled on the surface, 1-3 -rostrate. Hypophyl not glandular.

8. Pavonia, p. 577.

i. ABUTILON Gaertn.

Chiefly herbs or shrubs, with cordate leaves and axillary flowers. In-
volucels none. Calyx 5-cleft. Staminal column antheriferous at apex.
Ovary of 5-many carpels, each with several reniform ovules, falling away
at maturity.

Species 90, in warm countries, some cultivated for their beauty.

i. A. BICOLOR Phil.

Fruticose. Leaves small, fasciculate, white underneath, lamina scarcely
exceeding the petiole, 3-parted, the midlobe 3-lobed, the lateral lobes
entire or 2-lobed. Pedimcles solitary in the axil, exceeding the leaves.
Calyx tomentose-white, broad funnel-form with short, triangular teeth.
Corolla broad-funnel form, its petals thrice as long as the calyx, violaceous
at base, sulphurous above.

(Chilian Andes at 4,000 meters) ; Patagon., at Chonkenk-aike by Rio
Chico, etc. ; by Lago Argentine.

(These have subpinnately lobed leaves with short-petioles ; fruit cupu-
late, scarcely accrescent. Speg.)

570 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. ABUTILON VIDALII (Ph. sub Cristaria] Speg. (Plate XXI, A.}

Low shrub ; with ash-colored branches and stellately tomentose petioles
and peduncles. Leaves cordate, oblong-ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, cre-
nate, 12 by 9 mm. Calyx large ; its lobes broad-triangular, 2-3-toothed
on both sides. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Capsiile 5-celled, the
carpels prolonged at the external angle to one appendage. Seeds 2-3 in
each cell.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz (Hatcher) ; Chubut, in plain near Lago
Musters. Leaves large, with rounded, deeply cut lobes. Teeth of calyx-
lobes everted. Dense stellate pubescence over the leaves aftd the calyx.
Corolla purplish-pink. No calyculus on Hatcher's specimens.

2. SPH^RALCEA St. Hil.

Herbs or shrubs. Bracteoles 3, distinct or partly united. Calyx
5-parted more or less deeply. Carpels 5— many, each 2-3-ovuled, separat-
ing from the axis when ripe, not septate between the seeds. Styles as
many as the carpels. Seeds reniform.

Species 30, America and S. Africa.

i. S. AUSTRALIS Speg.

Perennial shrub branching from the base, the branches slender, arcuate-
ascending, flexuose, subsimple, becoming glabrate. Leaves remote, pin-
natipartite, the segments lobed or toothed, obtuse, hoary on under sur-
face, green and subglabrate above. Flowers in the upper axils, solitary
or ternate, subsessile. Calyx 5-parted ; sepals lanceolate, acute, appressed,
silvery-hoary. Corolla large, glabrous, livid. Ovary tomentose ; carpels
generally 2-seeded, not aristate.

Patagon., in dry places by Rio Chubut, and between Rio Negro and
Rio Colorado. The hairs all stellate. Root long (50-150 cm.), branches
15-75 cm. high. ,

2. S. BONARIENSIS (Cav.) Griseb.

Stems 30 cm. long, ascending-suffrutescent ; flowers crowded
sils and approximate at the apex.
Argentina.

MACLOSKIE: MALVACEAE. 571

SPH/ERALCEA BONARIENSIS CISPLATINA O. Ktze.

Lower axillary inflorescence 5 cm. long ; upper shorter, not exceeding
the mature leaves.

N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado.

3. S. PATAGONICA (Niedcrl. sub Malva] Speg.

Erect undershrub, 30-50 cm. high ; many-stemmed, the stems
branching, flower-bearing upwards ; white- stellate woolly. Leaves 3-9
cm. long, petioled, subtriangular or ovate or narrower, 3-lobed, the
lobes crenate-dentate. Peduncles short, 3-flowered, or i -flowered. Brac-
teoles setaceous. Calyx-lodes lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla much longer,
lilac, glabrous. Carpels 5-25, apicle short, oblique, scrobiculate beyond
the middle.

N. Patagon., by shore of Rio Negro; and in Choele-choel I. by Rio
Chubut, and Golfo de San Jorge.

3. MALVA Linn. Mallow.

Herbs, with toothed or lobed leaves and showy flowers. Involucel
usually of 3 bracts. Staminal column antheriferous at its top. Carpels
numerous with linear styles and stigmas; the cells i-ovuled, becoming
in fruit a ring of indehiscent, beakless mericarps, which separate from the
short axis. Seed ascending.

Species 30 ; most in the Mediterranean region ; some naturalized in
N. Amer. ; several in Chili ; i in Australia.

i. M. NIC-EENSIS All.

Stem herbaceous, prostrate. Leaves angulate, acute, cordate, 5-nerved.
Pedicels 3-4, erect, four times shorter than the petioles, each i -flowered.
Calyx pilose, shorter than the corolla. Flowers purplish to white.

(Mediterr.) ; Magellan, doubtless introduced.

2. M. PARVIFLORA Linn.

Stem herbaceous, spreading. Leaves subrotund, obtusely angled,
crenate, glabrous. Flowers axillary, glomerate, sessile. Corolla scarcely
exceeding the calyx. Carpels rugose above, toothed on the margin.

(Mediterr.) ; N. Patagon., near Rawson (Dusen) ; Carmen de Patagones.

572 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

4. MALVASTRUM A. Gray.

Herbs, with the bracteoles small, 1—3 or none ; and stamina! column
antheriferous up to the top. Ovary 5-many-carpellary, the cells i-ovuled.
Style branches distinct, filiform or clavate. Mericarps with beaked tips.
Seed ascending, reniform.

Species 75, Amer. and S. Africa ; 2 species tropically cosmopolitan.

M. SULPHUREUM (Gill) Griseb. (Sida sulphurea Torr. & Gr.)

Covered by stellate hairs and silvery scales. Stems branching, erect or
fastigiate. Leaves suborbicular-cordate or reniform, obscurely lobed ;
Petioles of upper leaves shorter than the limb; of lower, longer; stipules
linear. Flowers solitary in the axils. Bracteoles subulate. Corolla 4
cm. in diam., yellow (greenish when dry), marked by 6 rows of stellate hairs,
outside.

Patagon., by Rio Negro; by Golfo de San Jorge.

5. PLAGIANTHUS Forst.

Mostly shrubs, with small, whitish flowers, axillary or in terminal spikes
or panicles. Bracteoles none or remote. Ovary 2-5-celled ; cells i-
ovuled ; as many style-branches, stigmatose inwards. Ripe carpels
abortively solitary, or separating from the axis ; often indehiscent. Seed
pendulous.

Species 7, Australia, New Zealand, and the following in Chili.

P. PULCHELLUS (Bonpl.) A. Gray.

Glabrous; leaves rather long-petioled, cordate-ovate to lanceolate,
coarsely crenate. Flowers dioecious, conglomerate in axillary racemes,
small. Calyx of males broad-campanulate, of females subglobose.

(Province of Talcao, Chili, 35° S. Lat.) Patagonia? Also in Tasmania
and S. E. Australia, "whence it originates."

6. SIDA Linn.

Mostly no bracteoles. Staminal column antheriferous at the top. Car-
pels 5-many, i-ovuled. Style-branches stigmatic at the top. Carpels
indehiscent or at length apically 2-valved. Seed pendulous.

Species 75, in warm climates.

MACLOSKIE I MALVACEAE. 573

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leaves broad-ovate to cordate, with pinnatifid segments.
b. Fruit glabrous.

c. Upper leaves stalked. Flowers blue. ameghinoi.

c2. Upper leaves nearly sessile. Flowers rose-lilac, showy. chubutensis.

b. Fruit laxly-hairy. Upper leaves nearly sessile. Petals long, cyaneous. tehuelches.

Az. Leaves serrate.

b. Petals not large, glabrous. hastata.

b2. Petals twice as long as the calyx, hairy below- leprosa.

A 3. Leaves crenate.

b. Subrotund -cordate, coarsely crenate. macrodon.

b2. Reniform-cordate, white-stellate. Flowers yellow to coppery. obliqua.

1. SlDA AMEGHINOI Speg.

Perennial ; stellate-hoary ; creeping or erect. Leaves remote, broad-
ovate to cordate, 3-partite ; their segments pinnatifid, obtuse. Petiole as
long as the blade in upper leaves ; twice as long in lower. Stipules tri-
angular to ovate. Flowers subsolitary in the upper axils. Peduncles
jointed above the middle ; not bracted. Calyx 5-cleft half-way ; its lobes
subacute. Corolla slighty longer, glabrous, blue. Fruit conoid-hemi-
spherical, glabrous, i2-carpeled.

" Pretty. Near Cristaria, but with wingless carpels."
S. Patagon., dry rocky places near Chonkenk-aike, on Rio Chico ; at
Golfo de San Jorge.

2. S. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Arcuate-erect, pale green, perennial ; all the hairs minute-stellate.
Leaves remote, lax-hairy both sides ; limb broad-ovate-cordate, or sub-
orbicular, 3-5-partite, the segments oblanceolate, pinnatifid or trifid,
lower petioles twice as long as the limb ; uppermost very short.

Stipules lanceolate. Flowers erect, becoming cernuous, solitary in the
upper axils. Pedtmcle jointed upwards, bractless, much shorter than its
subtending leaf. Calyx hispid, 5-cleft, ebracteolate ; lobes ovate, acute.
Corolla glabrous, large, rose-lilac. Fruits hemispherical-conoid, glabrous,
i6-carpellate.

Patagon., by Rio Chubut, and Golfo de San Jorge. 15-50 cm. high.

3. S. HASTATA S. Hil.

Prostrate, branching perennial ; stems flattish upwards. Stellate and
lax hairs intermingled. Leaves petiolate, oblong to broad-elliptical, or

574 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

suborbicular, base broadly cuneate, 5-nerved, serrate. Flowers solitary
in the axils, long-pediceled. Calyx large, plicate-pentagonal, cleft half-
way. Petals slightly longer, obovate ; glabrous. Carpels 10-13, apex
elongating, at length dehiscing.

(Argentina) ; in meadows near Bahia de San Bias.

4. SIDA LEPROSA (Ort.) Schum.

Perennial, with woody base ; many-stemmed, branching below, with
scaly indumentum. Leaves petiolate, the lower suborbicular, basi-cor-
date or truncate, serrate upwards, pedately 5-nerved. Stipules narrow.
Flowers solitary in the axils, pediceled, sometimes with an accessory
branchlet. Calyx large-campanulate ; lepidote to stellately tomentose,
divided half-way into acute, triangular lobes ; with 3 shorter bracteoles.
Petals twice as long as calyx, obovate, ciliolate-margined half-way, pilose
beneath. Ovary depressed, 6— y-lobed. Styles long, connate half-way.
Carpels rostrate, scarcely dehiscing.

(Cuba, Argentina, a var. in N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., at Carmen de
Patagones.

5. S. MACRODON DC.

Hirsute. Leaves subrotund-cordate, coarsely crenate. Peduncles soli-
tary, i -flowered, exceeding the petioles. Carpels 10, not beaked.
(Brazil); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

6. S. OBLIQUA Nutt. (S. sulfurea A. Gray.)

White-stellate. Stems prostrate. Leaves reniform, cordate, short-
petioled, lobed, crenate-dentate, silvery above. Peduncles solitary, axil-
lary, shorter than the leaves. Involucre of 3 narrow bracteoles. Petals
yellow, turning coppery.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

7- S. TEHUELCHES Speg.

Perennial, green to silvery, all the hairs minutely stellate. Stems sev-
eral from the root-crown, subsimple, fistulose, subrigid. Leaves remote,
silvery green, broad ovate-subcordate or suborbicular, 3-5 parted ; seg-
ments from the middle, ovate or lanceolate, pinnatipartite. Petioles of
lower leaves puberulous, often one third longer ; the uppermost short or

MACLOSKIE I MALVACEAE. 575

none. Stipules linear. Flowers laxly racemose, often ternate on the end
of the peduncle, pedicels short. Calyx green-silvery, 5-cleft, lobes ovate,
obtusish, tribracteolate. Corolla twice as long, cyaneous, glabrous.
Ovary i2-i4-carpeled, rough. Fruit orbicular, laxly hairy.

Patagon., in meadows between San Julian and Rio Deseado and near
Golfo de San Jorge. 15-25 cm. tall.

7. CRISTARIA Cav.

Upright or decumbent, mostly hairy herbs, with angular-lobed or par-
tite leaves, and axillary, solitary or racemed flowers. No involucel.
Stigmas terminal. Mericarps with 2 superior wings which at length
cause them to spring open.

Species 25, Chili and Peru.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leaves trisected ; the segments cut. Flowers panicled, purplish. ecristata.

Az. Lower leaves rounded, entire or 3-parted. Flowers racemed, blue. heterophylla.

A$. Leaves rounded ; lower 5-, upper 3-parted, and further cut. patagonica.

A^. Leaves runcinate. Flowers solitary, violaceous. hastata.

A$. Leaves palmatisect ; the lobes 3 -cleft. Umbels. kuntzii.
A6. Leaves pinnatisect.

b. Glabrous. Plant decumbent. Flowers large. intermedia.

b2. Sparsely hairy. Erect annual. Flowers violet. linoides.

i. C. ECRISTATA A. Gray.

Erect, branched. Cauline leaves trisected, the lobes 2-parted and
further cut. Pubescence stellate. Upper leaves bract-like. Flowers loosely
racemose-panicled, pale purple. Carpels 12-16. Capsule conical.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. C. HASTATA Phil.

Subglabrous, green to glaucescent. Stipules ovate, glabrous or ciliate.
Petioles thick, glabrous, half as long as the limb. Leaves subruncinate-
dentate, stellately hairy underneath, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy
above. Peduncles glabrous, articulate above the middle, ebracteolate,
i -flowered. Calyx 5-cleft, stellate-pilose on the margin and 3 nerves,
green ; lobes triangular, acute. Corolla large, glabrous, violaceous.

N. Patagon, Neuquen, at Confluencia, and at Lago Nahuel-huapi.

57^ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

3. CRISTARIA HETEROPHYLLA (Cav.) Hook. & Arn.

Rough annual, covered by stellate hairs. Stems various, not much
branched. Lower leaves orbicular-oval, entire or 3-lobed. Median leaves
tripartite, with divergent and sinuose segments ; stellate beneath and on
margins ; lamina 4 cm. long, petiole as long. Stipules short, triangular.
Racemes long, the lowest flowers axillary. Peduncles exceeding the calyx.
Sepals hirsute, pungent, 15 mm. long. Petals twice as long, blue. Fruit
unknown.

N. Patagon., at confluence of RR. Limay and Neuquen.

4. C. INTERMEDIA Gay.

Rather glabrous. Stem terete, decumbent. Leaves glabrous, rarely
ciliate, pinnatipartite, the lobes obtuse, incised or coarsely toothed.
Petioles striate. Flowers large ; calyx very hirsute.

(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut by Teka-choique.

•

5. C. (?) KUNTZEI (O. Ktze.) Speg. (C. patagonica O. Ktze. non Phil.)

Nearly stemless perennial herb, 5 cm. high, white-tomentose, except the
violet petals. Leaves long-petioled, palmatisect, 15 cm. long and broad,
with trifid lobes, having ovate lobules. Flowers about 5, subumbellately
crowded, with leafy bracts. Calyx-segments acuminate, 6 cm. long, shorter
than the petals, tomentose. Fruit (?).

Patagon. (M. & T.). It has no bracteoles, and may belong to Sida; to
be called Sida patagonica (O. Ktze.) Speg.

6. C. LINOIDES (Hieron. sub Malvastrmn}.

Annual herb, with terete stem, simple, erect, subglabrous, or with few
stellate hairs. Lower leaves sparsely hairy, 3 cm. long ; petiole 3 cm. ;
blade pinnatisect, the segments 3-4 pairs, linear, obtuse, subdentate.
Upper leaves with fewer segments, glabrous ; uppermost like linear bracts.
Stipiiles subulate, small. Flowers in upper axils, pedunculate, solitary.
Calyx 5-cleft, the segments obtuse. Petals ovate, violet. Carpels 10-12,
i-seeded.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

MACLOSKIE I EUCRYPHIACE/G. 577

7. CRISTARIA PATAGONICA Phil.

Erect to 10 cm. high. Densely stellate-pubescent. Lower leaves 5-,
upper 3-partite, orbicular in outline. Lobes 3— 5-partite ; their partitions
trifid, ovate-acute. Lower peduncles paired, equalling the petioles ; upper
crowded, exceeding the petioles. Calyx hirsute ; half as long as the
petals. Upper leaves are less divided, with linear-oblong segments.

N. Patagon., to foot of the Valdivian Andes.

8. PAVONIA Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, with stellate tomentum, or stiff bristles, or smooth.
Leaves often angular or lobed. Flowers solitary or cymose in the axils.
Bracteoles 5— many, separate or united. Staminal tube truncate or 5-
toothed. Carpels 10 ; but either the anti-sepalous or the antipetalous
may be suppressed ; when ripe falling away, indehiscent or partly dehis-
cing ; with 1-3 dorsal spines.

Species 70, chiefly American.

P. HASTATA Cav.

Leaves lanceolate, hastate, dentate. Pedicels i -flowered. Bracteoles
5. Carpels unarmed. Flowers red, very venous.
(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

Family 67. EUCRYPHIAC&B.

Flowers heterochlamydeous, choripetalous, hermaphrodite, 4-merous,
with numerous stamens on a hypogynous disk, and 5-18 carpels, connate
except the styles, and separating at maturity from the axis on which they
hang suspended until dehiscing. Sepals 4, united at top, and coming
away like a cap. Petals 4, convolute in the bud, white. Seeds several,
2-ranked in the carpels, pendent ; winged ; with endosperm.

Evergreen trees, with opposite, entire or toothed or pinnate leaves, and
connate stipules.

Species 5 in S. temperate regions, Chili, New South Wales, Tasmania.

EUCRYPHIA Cav.

The only genus. (E. cordifolia Cav., a Chilian species, fig. 68, in Eng.
and Prantl, iii, 6, p. 130.)

578 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

EUERYPHIA PATAGONICA SpCg.

A tree, 10 m. high, with fastigiate branches, and densely hispid-villous
branchlets. Leaves simple, decussate, short-petiolate, long-lanceolate,
basally rounded, scarcely cordate, attenuate upwards, acute, irregularly
serrate, the teeth acute-cuspidate-mucronate ; subcoriaceous, glabrous on
the upper surface, cinerascent on the lower, with villous nerves. Flowers
solitary, long-peduncled ; sepals pubescent, stamens numerous, glabrous.

N. Patagon., in woods near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Family 68. HYPERICACE.E. St. John's-wort Family.

Herbs or shrubs, with opposite or rarely whorled, simple, exstipulate
leaves, pellucM-punctate or black-dotted. Flowers regular, perfect, 5-4-
merous, hypogynous, with many stamens, often in sets of 3 or 5 ; and
with 1-7-, mostly 3-celled ovary, with as many styles, and numerous seeds,
without endosperm.

Species 280, chiefly in warm and temperate climates. (In Eng. and
Prantl, iii, 6, p. 205, they are made a subfamily of Guttiferae.)

HYPERICUM Linn.

Flowers chiefly cymose, yellow, 5-merous. Ovary i -celled, with 3-5
parietal placentae.

Species 210, widely distributed.

H. CONNATUM Lam.

Stems suffruticose, terete. Leaves deltoid, perfoliate, obtuse, punctate
underneath, venous-reticulated, inflated at the margin. Sepals lanceolate,
acute. Stigmas capitate.

(Argentina ; Montevideo) ; N. Patagon.

Family 69. FRANKENIACE.E.

Herbs or undershrubs, with stems jointed at the nodes, and decussate
leaves, often involute and heath-like. Flowers in terminal or axial leafy
dichotomies, pinkish ; regular, hypogynous, heterochlamydeous. Calyx-
leaves united, 4~7-lobed. Petals 4-7, not united, often having a lamellar

MACLOSKIE I FRANKENIACE/E. 579

appendage to the claws. Stamens mostly in 2 series of 3 each ; anthers
versatile. Ovary i -celled ; 2-4 parietal or basal placenta. Style branched.
Seeds numerous, with endosperm.

Species 34, on dry or saline wastes of warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

1. Hermaphrodite. Anthers versatile extrorse, didymous. Petals broad with a liguTar appen-

dage inside. Placentae all ovuliferous. Leaves fleshy. i. Frankenia.

2. Polygamo-moncecious. Anthers introrse. Petals spatulate, with no ligula. Placentae 3,

only i ovuliferous. Leaves ericoid. 2. Niederleinia.

1. FRANKENIA Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite and 5-merous. Petals with an extra tongue-
formed lamina. Stamens usually in two series of 3, the outer smaller;
anthers versatile-extrorse. Fruit trigonal, ovate-pyramidal, long, all its
3 placenta with seeds.

Subgenus Afra is in Africa, Spain and Canaries ; subgenus Oceania in
Australasia and S. W. America, and northward to California.

i. F. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Glabrous perennial, prostrate, from a woody caudex. Old branches
naked, thickish, subtetragonal, decussately nodulose. Innovations sub-
herbaceous, tetragonal ochraceous-green ; internodes long, branching
dichotomously or unilaterally. Branchlets densely leafy ; leaves decus-
sate, connately sheathing, small, elliptic-ovate, obtusish, rather fleshy, punc-
tate, revolute. Flowers at the forks or bases of branches, sessile and
solitary. Calyx pentagonal-subtubular, 5-toothed ; petals white, spatulate,
twice as long. Stamens 6, exsert. Style long, trifid. Stigmas clavulate.
Capsttle ovate, 3-valved, about Q-seeded.

S. Patagon.,' at Kuan-aike. near Rio Chico.

2. F. PATAGONICA Speg.

A prostrate shrub, with nude, ascending branches, and decussate, dis-
tant branchlets. Leaves on the branchlets quadrifariously imbricate, very
minute, fleshy, obovate, glabrous. Flowers subspicate-capitulate, rather
large. Petals white, long-exsert.

Patagon., rare near the sea in gravel by Golfo de San Jorge. (Genus
Frankenia is chiefly Australian ; but it is represented in all the Conti-

580 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

nents. F. cymbifolia Hook., a Patagonian plant, is a misnomer. Its
proper name is IVilsonia humilis R. Br., of the Convolvulacece. Index
Kewensis, ii, 88 1. Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, 15.)

2. NIEDERLEINIA Hier.

Undershrub, with thick-skinned, ericoid leaves, and polygamo-monce-
cious flowers. Petals spatulate-cuneate, without an appendage, shorter
than the calyx-lobes. Stamens in 2 series of 3, or staminodes, anthers
introrse. Rudimentary ovary in the barren flowers. Only i seed-bearing
placenta.

Only species.

N. MICROPHYLLA Cav. (N. juniperoides Hier.)

Low, branching shrub, the branches ascending, and with small, decus-
sate, subprismatic, exstipulate, connate, dorsally channeled leaves.
Flowers solitary, sessile in the dichotomies. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5,
hypogynous, lutescent. Stamens 6, hypogynous, i -celled or barren.
Ovary free, i -celled, placenta parietal. Style filiform, 3-cleft. Seeds 4—6,
ascending.

Fig. of fruit and seed in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6, p. 287, M, N. Over all
Patagon., by salt lakes north of Rio Colorado; and N. and E. Fuegia
(Dusen). Making large clumps by R. de Sta. Cruz.

Family 70. VIOLACE^:. Violet Family.

Usually herbs, with alternate or basal, stipulate, simple leaves, and
zygomorphous, 5-merous flowers. The lowest petal mostly spurred.
Stamens 5, hypogynous, with adnate, introrse anthers, conniving over the
ovary ; the 2 anterior anthers with appendages. Ovary i -celled, with 3
parietal placenta. Style simple, club-shaped. Seeds many, with large
endosperm.

Species 300, widely distributed.

VIOLA Linn.

Sepals subequal, produced somewhat posteriorly. Anterior petal with
a long spur, for receiving the appendages of the 2 anterior anthers. Cap-
sule elastically dehiscing into 3 valves.

MACLOSKIE: VIOLACE^. 581

Many species have also cleistogamic flowers, on runners, without petals.
Species 150, widespread; though common in New Zealand they are
rare in Australia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Having stems.
b. Flowers yellow.

c. Leaves oblong-obtuse. Stipules incised. Spur short. fimbriata.

C2. Leaves ovate, attenuate-petiolate. Stipules ovate, fimbriate, subacute. Spur short.

maculata,

c^. Leaves round-spatulate, entire, glabrous. Stem woody, attenuate-petiolate. Flowers

minute. sempervivum.

b2. Flowers blue. Plants prostrate, branching, glabrous. Leaves cuneate-obovate, triden-

tate, toothed. No spur. tridentata.

63. Petals variously colored in the flower. Stipules large, pinnatifid. tricolor.

A2. Stemless.

b. Leaves glabrous.

c. Leaves small, oval, acute. Scape long ; flowers yellow. microphylla.

c2. Leaves cordate-rounded, subacute. Stipules large. Flowers blue, with long spur.

huidobrii.

62. Leaves slightly hairy.

c. Leaves reniform-rotundate. Stipules lanceolate, subentire. Scape long, i -flowered.
Spur short. magellanica.

C2. Leaves ovate-rotundate. Stipules entire. Scape long, with long, narrow, auricled
bracts near the flower. commersonii.

63. Leaves woolly-margined, ovate-spatulate. Scape short. vulcanica.

I. VlOLA COMMERSONII DC.

Low. Leaves radical, petiolate, ovate-rotundate, obtuse, crenate,
sparsely ciliate above, generally reticulated underneath. Stipules broad-
ovate, membranaceous, concave, entire. Scape twice as long as the
leaves, arcuate upwards ; bracts near the flowers, rather large, erect, lance-
olate, acute, auricled on both sides at the base. Flower pendulous ; pet-
als obovate-spatulate, glabrous.

Magellan, S. Fuegia to Cape Horn ; by Orange Bay on the tops of the
mountains ; Cordilleras of S. Patagon. (by J. B. Hatcher, February 25,
1897).

2. V. FIMBRIATA Steud.

Root fibrous. Stem slender, fruticulose. Leaves petiolate, oblong, ob-
tuse, hispidulous above, with fimbriate margin, crenate, the fimbriae at
length vanishing; petioles equalling the laminae. Stipules sheathing,

582 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

shortly incised. Flowers axillary, croceous. Spur very short, obtuse.
Capstile ovate, glabrous, generally punctate. Seeds white.

Patagon. ; Magellan, at Punta Arenas by Hatcher ; N. and E. Fuegia,
in sandy places, Dus6n. Killik-aike (B. Brown).

3. VIOLA HUIDOBRII Gay.

Stemless, 8-10 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves cordate-rounded, more or
less acute, crenate. Stipules large, linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliate-lacerate.
Peduncles longer than the leaves. Flowers blue, spur rather long. Stigma
apically thick, with very short rostrum. (Near V. maculatd].

(Chili) ; Patagon. (" Leaves long-petioled " Reiche.)

4. V. MACULATA Cav. ( V. pyrolcefolia Poir) .

Stem herbaceous. Leaves ovate, subacute, abruptly attenuate to a
petiole, sparingly spotted below. Stipules ovate, apically fimbriate.
Peduncle pubescent. Sepals lanceolate-acuminate ; petals yellow ; spur
short, obtuse. Lateral petals glandular-bearded ; the upper one generally
glabrous. Stamens apically emarginate. Margin of anthers ciliate.
Stigma apically plane, its rostrum very short. Capsule oblong, trigonal.

Distinguished from V. commersonii chiefly by the long, acute, dentate
stipules. (Speg.)

Magellan, S. Patagon. (Hatcher) ; Churucca in Desolation I., N. and E.
Fuegia (Dusen) ; Ushuaia ; Falklands ; Navarino I.

V. MACULATA MEGAPHYLLA.

Leaves elliptical or subrotund-ovate. Root long terete.

V. MACULATA PUBESCENS Reich.

S. and W. Patagon. (by Dus£n).

5- V. MAGELLANICA Forst.

Leaves radical, long-petiolate, reniform-rotundate, crenate, subpilose
above. Stipules lanceolate, entire or apically lacerose. Scape glabrous,
solitary, i -flowered, twice as long as the leaves. Bracts lanceolate.
Sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals obovate ; the lateral ones
bearded ; the inferior produced into a short, blunt sac. Style arcuate.
Stigma naked.

MACLOSKIE I VIOLACE^. 583

Staaten I.; Falklands ; S. Fuegia; S. Patagon.; Punta Arenas; Cabo
Negro, and Rio Coy (Hatcher).

6. VIOLA MICROPHYLLA Poir. (non Hook. f.).

Stemless. Leaves small, oval, acute, glabrous, save marginal cilia.
Scape filiform, exceeding the leaves. Peduncle glabrous. Flowers yellow.

" This is a good species ; all glabrous, save some cilia on the leaf-
margins ; its peduncles free from the rough hairs found in V. maculata.
The V. microphylla of Hook. f. is a quite different plant."

Everywhere in Patagon.; Boucault Bay in Magellan Strait; Fuegia, San

Sebastian.

7. V. SEMPERVIVUM Gay.

Stem woody, thickish, ascending. Leaves round-spatulate, entire,
mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, margin cartilaginous-white or yel-
low ; base attenuate-petiolate ; densely cespitose on apex of branches.
Flowers minute, yellow ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. Stigmas 2-
lobulate.

(Chili, to 3,000 m. altitude) ; Patagon., on rocks around Lago Nahuel-
huapi.

8. V. TRICOLOR Linn. Pansy.

Annual, with stout, angled and branched stem ; and crenate-dentate
leaves, having large, lyrate-pinnatifid stipules. Flowers 16—25 rnm. broad,
the petals variously colored.

(Eur., cultivated and naturalized in N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., on an
island in Rio de Sta. Cruz (doubtless introduced).

9- V. TRIDENTATA Menz.

Glabrous ; small, prostrate, branching. Leaves crowded at ends of the
branches, coriaceous, cuneate-obovate, tridentate or trifid above, and i-
toothed on each side at base. Petiole short, dilating into sheathing stipules.
Scape solitary, short, stout, with oblong, obtuse bracts. Flowers nodding.
Petals blue, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, with no spur. Capsule globose.

Falklands; Staaten I.; Fuegia; W. Magellan at Puerto Angusto
(Dusen) ; Orange Bay, near Cape Horn.

10. V. VULCANICA Gill. & Hook.

Nearly stemless. Leaves nearly cespitose, ovate-spatulate, woolly mar-
gined, serrate, attenuate to a plane petiole, smooth above, reticulately

584 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

rugose underneath, or with linear yellow-glandular capsules underneath.
Peduncles shorter than the leaf. Stigma oblique, rostriform, membrana-
ceous behind.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., rocky hills about Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Family 7 i . FLACOURTIACE.E.

Evergreen trees or shrubs, with leaves mostly 2-ranked, alternate, pin-
nately veined, coriaceous. Stipules few, deciduous. Regular, perfect or
unisexual flowers, 4—5 merous, with petals distinct or absent. Stamens
numerous on a disk; anthers often appendaged opening by lateral slits.
Ovary mostly free, i -celled with 3-5 parietal placenta, and many seeds.
Styles or style-lobes as many as the placentae. Fruit a berry, or capsule,
or a drupe. Seeds with endosperm.

Species 500, tropical.

AZARA Ruiz. & Pav.

Leaves entire or dentate, bitter. Flowers in fascicles or corymbs, regular ;
sepals 4 (5-6) ; petals none. Style 3-4-lobed. Berry subglobose.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 40, B, C, D.)
Species 22, chiefly Andine ; i in Fernandez and i in Mexico.

A. LANCEOLATA Hook. f.

Stem and branches slender, brown-hairy. Leaves small, lanceolate,
some ovate, remotely serrate, short-petioled. Sepals ovate, reflexed.
W. Patagon., Valdivia; Cape Tres Montes.

Family 72. PASSIFLORACE.E. Passion-flower Family.

Woody tendril-climbers or erect herbs, with petioled, often palmately
lobed leaves, and regular, perfect, 4-5-merous flowers. Throat of the
calyx-tube bearing the petals, stamens, and double or triple fringe-like
crown. Ovary free, i -celled, with 3-5 parietal placenta. Styles 1-5.
Fruit a capsule or berry, usually many-seeded.

Species 325, in warm climates, most in S. Amer.

MACLOSKIE I LOASACE^E. 585

PASSIFLORA Linn.

Flowers large, on jointed peduncles. Ovary stalked, the filaments
united around it, separate above ; anthers versatile. Fruit a berry.

Species 250, chiefly in S. Amer., some in Asia and Austral., i in
Madagascar.

P. CCERULEA Linn.

Leaves glabrous, 5-partite, their lobes oblong, entire. Petioles 4-
glandular at the apex. Stipules falcate. Bracts ovate, entire. Crown
shorter than the calyx.

(Brazil; Peru); N. Patagon., near Carmen de Patagones (escaped?).

Family 73. LOASACE^:.

Erect or climbing herbs or shrubs, often having stinging hairs, with
exstipulate leaves, and perfect, regular, 4— $-merous flowers, having calyx-
tiibe adnate to the ovary. Petals separate (sometimes 10), inserted on the
calyx-throat. Stamens mostly numerous, inserted with the petals, often
in clusters. Ovary 1(2— 3)-celled, with 2-3 parietal placenta. Capsule
crowned by the persisting calyx-limb. Seeds mostly numerous ; with
scanty endosperm.

Species 200, American, with a solitary exception.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Staminodes none, or the outer stamens as filaments or petaloid. Petals mostly flat. Seeds
i-2-seriate on the 3, rarely 5, parietal placentas. Leaves usually alternate.

I. Mentzelia, p. 586.
A2. Fertile and sterile stamens intermingled, the fertile antipetalous, the barren as nectary-scales,

antisepalous. Petals cucullate.
b. Capsule opening apically, 3(~5)-lobed, mostly clavate or obconic, rarely twisted. Leaves

opposite and alternate. 2. Loasa, p. 586.

b2. Capsule opening apically by 3-lobes, cylindrical. Leaves 2-3-pinnatisect. Flowers

sessile. (Gramma focarf us.) 3. Scyphanthus, p. 589.

£3. Capsule opening below, not apically, turbinate, often spirally twisted. Leaves opposite,

decussate, with stinging hairs.

c. Stem terete. Flowers usually cymose. Placentae broad or 3-parted. Capsule thin-
walled. 4. Cajophora, p. 589.
c2. Stem quadrangular. Flowers solitary on axillary peduncles. Placentae first fleshy,
afterwards dry and enlarged for disseminating the seed. 5. Blumenbachia, p. 590.

586 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

i. MENTZELIA Linn.

Petals 5, plane, with no intermediate scales. Stamens 10-200. Ovary
i -celled, style filiform, mostly 4-cleft, its lobes twisted. Leaves alternate,
with hooked, but not stinging hairs.

Species 46, chiefly in warm parts of S. Amer.; i in Florida.

M. ALBESCENS Gris. (Gill. & Arn. sub Bartonia.]
Flowers large, showy, in a leafy panicle. Staminodes 5, petaloid, the
outer filaments becoming gradually broader, and the outermost sterile.
Stem with a white, shining epidermis. Leaves sinuately toothed. Cap-
sule naked, 3-valved. Seeds broadly margined.

(S. United States ; Mexico ; Andes and through temp. S. Amer.) ; N.

Patagon.

2. LOASA Juss.

Petals 5 (or 6-7), cucullate or cymbiform, mostly spreading, with as
many alternating scales, which bear 2-3 dorsal setae and are often appen-
daged. Staminodes 10, filiform, in pairs opposite the scales. Ovary i-
celled ; style subulate ; stigma acute or 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved.

Herbs, often with stinging hairs, and yellow flowers.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Erect.

b. Leaves pinnatifid, long-petiolate ; segments entire or parted, suboval. Flowers solitary,

apical. patagonica.

bz. Basal leaves bipinnatifid, long-petiolate, ultimate segments roundish ; upper leaves once-

pinnatifid. Peduncles axillary, i -flowered.

c. Hairs not stinging. argentina.

c2. Hairs stinging. filicifolia.

£3. Leaves tripinnatipartite. Ultimate segments narrow. Flowers axillary. miiltifida.

64. Leaves basi-cordate, divided.

c. Flowers few, subapical. Leaves 3-partite, and the segments 3-lobed. spegazzinii.

c2. Flowers axillary. Leaves many-lobed. Petals with red base. tricolor.

A2. Twining. Leaves bipinnatifid ; ultimate segments narrow. Flowers on terminal and axil-
lary peduncles. volubilis.
A^. Decumbent-prostrate. Peduncles axillary, i-flowered.

b. Leaves petiolate, subrotund, 3-5 -partite. muralis.

b2. Leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, angular. prostrata.

i. L. ARGENTINA Urb. & Gilg. (L. pinnatifida Gill, var gmcilis.}

Nearly erect. Annual herb, with long, twining stem. Leaves opposite,
long-petioled ; the basal leaves pinnate ; their segments pinnatifid, with

MACLOSKIE I LOASACE^:. 587

roundish, approximate lobes. Upper leaves few, pinnatifid. Peduncles
axillary, usually i -flowered. Calyx-lobes ovate, much shorter than the
petals ; half as long as the fruit. Hairs rigid, not stinging ; some obso-
letely glochidiate.

(Chili at 2,700 m. elevation) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Scheuen.

2. LOASA FILICIFOLIA Poepp. (L. pinnatifida Gill.)

Nearly erect. Leaves opposite, long-petioled ; the basal with pinnat-
ifid segments and rounded subsegments ; the upper pinnatifid.

Characters much as in L. argentea, but with stinging hairs.

"Chilian Nettle." In Chili at high elevations Head of Rio Chico de
la Sta. Cruz, by Hatcher; in flower and fruit, Feb. 9, 1897.

3. L. MULTIFIDA Gay.

Erect. Stem rigid, stout, branching. Leaves opposite, deeply tripinni-
partite ; ultimate segments linear, acute ; the lowest leaves long-petioled,
the upper sessile : the floral leaves alternate. Calyx-tube very short, the
segments linear-lanceolate, equalling the petals. Scales 2-lobed, dorsally
3-appendaged at base, with two 3-jointed filaments inside.

"Amor seco"; Chili; and near Cape San Antonio in N. Patagon.

4. L. MURALIS Gris.

Decumbent, branching, and rough all over, with stinging hairs. Leaves
opposite, .petiolate, subrotund in outline, 3~5-partite ; their segments
pinnatifid-lobate. Outer lobes and teeth ovate, acutish. Peduncles axil-
lary, i -flowered, cernuous, exceeding the leaf. Calyx-tube campanulate,
the lobes much shorter, lanceolate, tooth-like, 4 times shorter than the
short petals, which are hooded, dorsally setose. Scales hooded, truncate,
dorsally naked, ending in a gland and enclosing 2 staminodes. Petals
enclosing i o-staminal fascicles. Style simple. Capstde globose. Seeds
oblong.

(Argentina.) N. Patagon., a var.

5. L. PATAGONICA Urb. & Gilg. (L. pinnatifida Speg., non Gill.)

Floriferous stems numerous, erect, patent, to 12 cm. high, sparsely
leaved. Leaves lanceolate, or oval-lanceolate, pinnatifid, the pinnae mod-
erately remote, sessile, entire or 2-4-partite, oval to oval-orbicular.

588 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Flowers solitary, apical ; petals in the lower part broad-unguiculate. Scales
dorsally ecarinate, anteriorly deeply excised ; the lobes resulting thick-
edged, making smaller lobes. Ovary inferior.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, at Karr-aike, etc.

6. LOASA PROSTRATA Gill.

Covered by long, stinging hairs. Stem , prostrate, flexuose. Leaves
opposite, sessile, cordate-ovate, deeply angular. Peduncles axillary, i-
flowered, twice as long as the leaves. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, as long as
the petals, longer than the fruit. Capsule with long, rigid hairs. Seeds
ovoid, large, smooth.

Chili and N. Patagon. "I am somewhat doubtful as to this being in
N. Patagon. The species of Loasa are variable, with their limits ill-
defined." (J. Ball.)

7. L. SPEGAZZINII. (L. patagonica Speg., non U. & G.)
Annual? Stem short, thick, attenuate both ways, subsimple, with lax
epidermis, leafy below, naked upwards. Leaves with long or short
petioles, subcordate-ovate, deeply 3-partite, the segments mostly 3-lobed.
Lobes of the 'lower leaves short, broad, obtuse; of the upper leaves nar-
row, rather long, acute. Flowers few at the apex of the stem, nodding,
short-pediceled, whitish-yellow.- Scales of corolla obovate-cochleate, en-
tire, bearing dorsally 3 linear, acute, entire appendages, arising from near
the base. Staminodes 2, spatulate-linear, laterally compressed, enclosed
by the appendages and each with a shorter, subapical appendage.

Patagon., in shrubberies by Rio Sta. Cruz, and near Golfo de San
Jorge. 3-30-40 cm. tall.

8. L. TRICOLOR Lam. *

Very hispid annual. Stem erect. Uppermost leaves sessile. Leaves
opposite, basicordate, many-lobed ; the lobes acute-dentate, the lower lobes
often pinnatifid. Pedicels axillary. Calyx-lobes oblong, acuminate, as
long as the petals, which are reflexed, yellow, their base with the scales red.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

9. L. VOLUBILIS Juss.

Stem twining. Leaves alternate or opposite, bipinnatifid ; the ultimate
lobes linear, obtuse. Flowers on terminal and axillary peduncles. Calyx-

MACLOSKIE LOASACE^E. 589

lobes subdentate, half as [long as the petals. Flowers small, the scales
bilobed, 3-appendaged above externally.

(Chili); S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Gallegos, by O. Nordenskj.;
steppes of West Patagon., by Dusen.

3. SCYPHANTHUS Don.

Twining, pubescent herbs- the hairs not stinging, with opposite, 2-3-
pinnatisect leaves ; and axillary, sessile, yellow flowers, having 5 saccate
petals, alternating with smaller, cucullate, 3-awned scales; 10 staminodes,
many stamens, a long narrow, stipe-like ovary, with few, small seeds.

Species 2, Chili, often at great elevations.

S. ELEGANS Don. (Grammatocarpus volubilis Presl.).

Leaves petiolate, scabrous, bipinnatifid ; the segments linear, obtuse.
Calyx-lobes ovate-obtuse, two thirds as long as the petals. Capsule linear,
like a peduncle.

(Chili; called "Mongita," Indian name, "Fues"; cult, in European
gardens) ; N. Patagon.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 117, L. M.) *

4. CAJOPHORA Presl.

Low or twining herbs, mostly with stinging hairs ; and decussate, often
crowded leaves. Flowers yellow, white, or red, rarely axillary. Petals
mostly valvate, plane or cymbiform. Nectaries and staminodes of Loasa.
Ovary Thferior, with 3-5 parietal placenta. Capsule obconic to clavate or
globular, straight or twisted.

Species 50, in Andes, Brazil and Argentina.

Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 120.

*

i. C. CORONATA Hook. & Am. (sub Blumenbachta by H. & S.).

Stem short, prostrate, to 30-60 cm. long. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
pinnate and the pinnae bipinnatifid with toothed, ultimate lobes. Peduncles
axillary, 30 cm. long. Calyx-lobes 5, pinnatifid with linear segments ex-
ceeding the 3-merous ovary. Furrows of the fruit nearly straight.

(Chili, high on the Andes) ; Patagon.

59O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. CAJOPHORA PATAGONICA (Speg.).

Stem short, thick, erect, attenuate both ways, leafy below, naked above.
Leaves long-petioled, subcordate, 3-partite, the segments 3-lobed; lobes
of lower leaves short-obtuse, of upper leaves acute. Flowers terminal,
few, short-pediceled, nodding, white-yellow. Scales obovate-cochleate,
entire, with 3 dorsal, acute processes. Staminodes 2, spatulate-linear.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico. .

3. C. SCANDENS ORIENTALIS (My.). (Loasa bergi Hier.)

Leaves subovate, subsessile, pinnatifid, the lobes obtuse, long-linear.
Peduncles i -flowered, 8-10 cm. long. Calyx-tube hispid, with glochidiate
awns. Petals yellow, subcucullate. Stamens many, in oppositipetalous
fascicles. Staminodes 10. Capside lo-costate.

N. Patagon., Rio Negro and Chubut.

5. BLUMENBACHIA Schrad.

Annual herbs, with sharply 4-angled, trailing stem, and opposite decus-
sate leaves, with stinging and also hooked hairs. Flowers 5-merous, ter-
minal, or solitary on 2-bracted, axillary peduncles ; otherwise as in Cajoph-
ora. Ovary globular, becoming a fruit twisted to the left. Placenta at
first fleshy, afterwards drying, and enlarging for dissemination of the seeds.

Species 3, Argentina to Brazil.

B. SYLVESTRIS Poepp.

Setose, hispid, climbing. Lower leaves petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate,
their lobes sinuate ; upper leaves sessile, incise-toothed. Flower terminal,
and solitary in the dichotomies. Calyx-segments entire ; half as long as
the petals.

(Argentina, cordilleras of Antuco) ; Patagon., Chubut.

B. SYLVESTRIS LEPTOCARPA (Speg.).

Upper leaves mostly ovate, basi-cuneate. The variety with fruits
oblanceolate, instead of ovate.

Patagon., Chubut, in shrubberies near streams.

MACLOSKIE CACTACEyE. 591

Family 74. CACTACE.E. Cactus Family.

Fleshy, leafless plants (or with small leaves], the stems continuous or
jointed and bearing spines arising from cushions ; zndfawers mostly soli-
tary, large and showy, sessile, regular, and perfect. Calyx-tube adnate to
the ovary, with many calyx-lobes and petals. Stamens numerous, inserted
on the tubular axis. Ovary \ -celled, with parietal placentas. Fruit a
berry. Seeds numerous, with copious or scanty endosperm.

Species 1,000, nearly all American, xerophil plants.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Not jointed, but angular or fluted or mamillate. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers sessile
on or near areoles. Perianth funnelform to salver-shaped, with a distinct tube. No
barbed spines. Seeds mostly pendulous on long funicles.

b. Stem long, fluted or angled. I. Cereus, p. 591.

b2. Stem short, globular to clavate, or short-columnar.

c. Corolla greatly elongated, salver- or funnelform, with gradually widening tube ; arising

from the older parts of the ridges. 2. Echinopsis, p. 592.

c2. Corolla shorter, salver- or funnelform. Stem conical or clavate.

3. Echinocactus, p. 593.

A2. Jointed ; joints round or flat and leaf-like. Fugacious, cylindric leaves when young. Barbed
spines. Seeds with short funicles, which broaden and surround them. Filaments not as
long as the rotate corolla. 4. Opuntia, p. 593.

A$. As Opuntia, but spines not barbed; seeds lens-shaped. 5. Maihuenia, p. 595.

A^. Jointed ; joints clavate, rounded apically, attenuate basally. Areoles spirally arranged,
approximate, small, with scanty wool. Barbed spines in youth. Flowers small, termi-
nal. Filaments shorter than the perianth. Seeds winged. 6. Pterocactus, p. 596.

i. CEREUS Haw.

Stem short or long, costate on the angles, pulvilligerous with lateral
flowers. Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary, with tomentose pulvilli.
Petals many-seriate, exceeding the calyx-lobes, recurved-patent. Stamens
free almost as long as the calyx-tube. Ovary exsert, spiny or scaly.

i. C. COERULESCENS Salm.

Erect, attenuate, 8-angled, cceruleous. Costce obtuse, scarcely repand.
Cushions large, oval, with black tomentum and short, gray wool. Cen-
tral spines 3-4, rigid, black; lateral radiant, slender, white, save at
extremities.

592 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Color beautiful dark-green. Flowers rare, with white petals, externally
green ; and with red-topped green scales imbricating the floral tube.
(Brazil) ; common by Rio Negro, N. Patagon.

2. CEREUS DUSENI Web.

Small, 20—60 cm. high. Stem 6-8-costate, the cushions rather remote,
with many spines. Long, central spines 1-3, erect, uncinate at apex ;
shorter radiating spines 6— 10, acute.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; Chubut, rocky precipices near Trelew.

"A most ^distinct species, near C. bertinii Cels." (Speg.)

3- C. LAMPROCHLORUS Lem.
C. LAMPROCHLORUS SALINICOLA Speg.

Trunk cylindrical, 59-150 cm. long, 7-10 cm. thick, apically rounded,
erect, not branching, but basally proliferous, very green. Costce 10-12,
obtusely rounded. Areoles hemispherical-orbicular, white velvety at first ;
subsequently fuscous, having V-formed sulci above. Spines i4-i6(-2o),
ochroleucous, of which 4-5 are slightly stouter. Flowers with s,cent of
roses, solitary in the upper lateral areoles, large (24 cm. long), with sub-
globose ovary. Petals green-reddish externally, white internally. Stamens
many, 2-seriate, some deflexed, others erect and white like the i$-c\zit style.

N. Patagon., between Rio Negro and Rio Colorado ; Bahia Blanca.

4. C. PATAGONICA Web.

Fruit ovate, dry, white to pink, with short, dense, white villosity and
fine, blackisji setulce, 5-15 mm. long. Seeds black, glabrous, areolate.
S. Patagon., near Sta. Cruz.

2. ECHINOPSIS Zucc.

Stem depressed, costate, globose or cylindrical. Calyx-tube long, pul-
villigerous ; the lobes numerous. Stamens 2-seriate, the outer adnate to
the calyx, the inner free. Ovary covered with setae. Berry scaly. Coty-
ledons small, connate.
Species 10.

E. LEUCANTHA Walp. (Pfeiff. sub Cereus].

Stem not richly developed, globose or ellipsoid, ashy-green. Spines
bent, very large, over 2 cm. long. "Honey-yellow." Flowers large,
white or subrubescent.

MACLOSKIE CACTACE^E. 593

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Neuqilen.

•

3. ECHINOCACTUS Lk. & Otto.

Stems globose to cylindric, with tubercles in rows, bearing clusters of
spines. Flowers on the subterminal tubercles. Calyx-tube prolonged,
scale-crowned, its outer lobes scale-like^ and its inner lobes prolonged.
Petals and stamens numerous, perigynous. Ovary exserted.

Species 200, from the W. United States to Brazil and Chili.

i. E. ACUATUS Lk. & Otto.

Subglobose, glaucescent, the vertex not distinct, costa 2O-acuate, not
laterally impressed, the spines 7, spreading recurved, hoary-brown, 8-12
mm. long. Sulci broad.

E, acuatus tetracantha Lehm.

N. Patagon., on rocky hills near Rio Negro.

2. E. GIBBOSUS DC.

Ovate or oblong-obtuse ; costce vertical, interrupted, tubercled ; some of
the tubercles apically subtomentose, bearing straight, rigid needle-spines,
others in a different series long-mammose and subcompressed. Flowers
2, the largest of the genus, near the depressed apex, with greenish-tube,
distant sepals, having a white, expanded limb, 4-serial lobes obovate, sub-

mucronate.

*

(Jamaica) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

E. GIBBOSUS CEREBRIFORMIS.

A monstrosity ; the ribs greatly contorted, and the spines short.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

E. GIBBOSUS CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Differs frbm the species by the statiire being low, the color intensely
ashy-glaucous, the spines less numerous, and \h& flowers manifestly larger.
Chubut, in plains along Rio Chubut.

4- OPUNTIA Haw. Prickly Pear.

Plants jointed, their joints flattened or cylindric, with small, subulate,
deciduous leaves. Cushions spine-bearing. Calyx-tube not prolonged.

594 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Petals numerous, slightly united at the base. Stamens very numer-
ous, in several series. Ovary cylindric, exserted, becoming a pyriform
berry.

Species 150, chiefly from Mexico to Chili; a few in the United States.
Some have been introduced into the Old World, and run wild. (Fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, iii, 6a, p. lyo^C, G, and 201.) O. opuntia (L.) Coult.,
(O. vulgaris Mill.) of American origin is now spreading over the tropical
parts of the Old World. Its fleshy fruit is edible.

i. OPUNTIA DARWINII Hensl.

Prostrate, branching shrub, about 5 cm. high, olivaceous. Joints egg-
form, scarcely tuberculate. Spines, especially when young, entire (not
trifid). flowers on top of the uppermost joint, yellow.

Patagon., by Rio Negro; Rio Chubut; Puerto Deseado ; in gravelly
deserts near Rio Chico.

2. O. PATAGONICA Phil.

Joints subclavate, bright green. Citshions covered by a short, white
tomentum. Spines whitish, i compressed, 26 mm. long, and 2 only 1.3
mm. long. Leaves 3 mm. long.

Patagon.

3- O. PENICILLIGERA Speg.

Platyopuntia. Armed, low, subprostrate.. Joints orbicular or broad-
obovate, dull green, plane or slightly convex. Areoles not umbonate,
rather lax, usually with whitish slender torted spines, the central one
long, and i or 2 laterals shorter and weaker ; rarely none ; when old re-
trorsely appressed ; with large and rather long pencils of rusty glochidia.
Flowers lemon-colored. Fntit clavate, green to rufous.

N. Patagon., between Rio Negro and Rio Colorado; Bahia Blanca and
Neuquen.

4. O. PLATYACANTHA S. Dick.

Low, branching ; the branches divaricate, cylindrical, not very tubercu-
late, shining brown. Cushions large, immersed, fulvescent, with seta-
ceous tomentum, and with diversely-formed spines. Lowest spines 3-4,
slender, white appressed. Upper ones 2-3, longer, reed-like, gray.

(Chili); Patagon., Chubut.

1905

J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND

Reports of

The Princeton University Expeditions
to Patagonia, 1896-1899

J. B. HATCHER IN CHARGE

EDITED BY

WILLIAM B. SCOTT

BLAIR PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

VOLUME VIII

BOTANY

PART V FLORA PATAGONICA, SECTION 3, CACTACE^E-COMPOSIT^

BY

GEORGE MACLOSKIE

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

Y
/

(Pp. 595-810. Pll. XXI-XXVII)

PRINCETON, N. J.
THE UNIVERSITY

STUTTGART

E. SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGBLE)

1905

•nil M

(•• *•

UMVN

MACLOSKIE CACTACE/E. 595

5. OPUNTIA SULFUREA Gill.

Joints erect, subglobose, bright green. Cushions crowded. Spines of 2
forms, from a pallid tomentum ; the upper setaceous, black-purple, minute,
the lower 6-12, long, acicular, white, with purplish apex; the central one
longest.

(Central provinces of Chili); N. Patagon., common by Rio Negro.

(Spegazzini refers to 2 other undescribed species, one by Rio Sta.
Cruz, the other by Lago Argentine.)

5. MAIHUENIA Phil.

Low, almost shrubs, of habit of Opuntia, branched, forming large
masses, with arrow-shaped, caducous or subpersisting leaves, and areoles
having wool, but no glochidia. Spines sagittate, round. Flowers short-
stalked, from a subterminal areole; regular, not large. Ovary pitted,
leafy, and woolly, the wool from the axils of the leaves. Ovules
numerous. Perianth radiate, without a tube; stamens shorter; and style
still shorter. Berry soft. Seeds nearly lens-shaped, shining, black.

Species 6, Chili and Argentina. Allied to Pereskia by its seeds and
absence of glochidia ; to Opuntia by its habit.

1. M. PHILIPPI Web.

Root thick, sending from its crown many branches which make a pul-
viniform mass, 10-20 cm. diam. Branchlets green, subglobose. Older
areoles foveoliform, emitting 3 spines, a central flat spine 10-15 mm-
long and smaller laterals, all white, paler apically. Leaves numerous at
end of branches, subpersistent, cylindraceous, green. Flowers sessile on
.the extremity of the branch, 30 mm. long, green to white-rose, with scales
and often setulae upwards ; inner petals white.

N. Patagon., in mountains at Neuquen ; native name Espina blanca.

2. M. POEPPIGII Web.

Shrub-like ; profusely branching, prostrate, forming cespitose masses,
pale green. Spines solitary, subulate, about 2 cm. long, yellowish.
Leaves cylindraceous, i cm. long, often persisting. Areoles circular,
1-1.5 mm. diam. Flowers sulphur-yellow. Berry subovoid, 4 by 2 cm.

Patagon., Chubut on dry rocks near Trclew.

596 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

3. MAIHUENIA TEHUELCHES Speg.

Fruticose, intricately branching, dull green. Joints cylindro-elliptical
or subclavulate. Leaves ovate, small. Spines 3, the central erect, large
(20-40 mm.)., the laterals divaricate, small. Flowers subapical, sessile.
Ovary short turbinate-hemispherical, scaly, glabrous, scarcely setulose.
Outer petals yellow-white, inner white. Fruit globose to hemispherical,
not juicy.

Patagon., between San Julian and Rio Deseado; along Rio Chubut;
Neuquen. Native name, Chupa sangra.

4. M. VALENTINI Speg.

Fruticose, intricately branching, dull green ; articulations none or ob-
scure. Leaves ovate, small. Spines 3, the central erect, very large, flat,
the lateral subretrorse, small. Flowers apical, sessile. Ovary short, scaly,
scales at the axils long white-bearded, with few setulae. Floral leaves
ruddy externally, inner ones white.

Chubut, near Trelew, and by Rio Chubut.

6. PTEROCACTUS K. Schumann.

Cespitose, with club-shaped off-sets. C^^shions spiral, approximate, cir-
cular to obovate, small, with sparse wool ; glochidia in the young, fuga-
cious. Spines 9-12, small (i mm.), white. Flowers small, terminal.
Ovary gradually passing to the branch, with glochidiiferous cushions.
Outer perianth-leaves fleshy green ; inner petaloid, spatulate. Stamens
shorter than the perianth. Style with many stigmas. Capsule dry, with
circumscissile dehiscence. Seeds winged.

i. P. KUNTZII K. Schumann?

An elliptic to subglobose, radical tumor, with smooth epidermis sending
out terete branches ; which are apically rounded and with minute fascicles
of hairs. Spines 6-14; of these 1-4 in the center are shorter and stout.
Stamens irritable when touched. Capsule dry, circumscissile. Seeds
white.

Common by Rio Negro, N. Patagon., a small plant, about a finger-
length, its branches 5 mm. thick.

MACLOSKIE THYMELEACE^E. 597

2. PTEROCACTUS VALENTINI Speg.

Subtuberous undershrub, branching from the base, cespitose, glauces-
cent. The branches short, thick, terete, obtuse. Spines 25-35, ail nYa~
line, slender, retrorsely plicate. Flowers fuscous-yellow.

Patagon., at Trelew and Valdez Penins.; between San Julian and Rio
Deseado ; by Rio Sta. Cruz. Very polymorphous.

Family 75. THYMELEACE^:. Mezereon Family.

Shrubs or trees with tough bark, simple, entire, exstipulate leaves, and
regular, mostly perfect flowers. Petals often wanting. Stamens borne
on the calyx, as many, or twice as many as its 4-5 lobes. Ovary i -celled,
i-ovuled (rarely 2); ovule pendulous. Fruit a berry-like drupe.

Species 425, most in Austral, and S. Africa.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

(All the following are apetalous, and have i -celled ovaries.)
A. Stamens twice as many as the sepals, 2-seriate. Fruit a drupe or nutlet. Calyx normally

developed.

b. Hermaphrodite. Style and filaments very short. Stigma capitate. Receptacle cylin-
drical, i. Daphne, ?. 597.
b2. Dioecious. Style and filaments very long, exceeding the short, funnelform receptacle.

2. Ovidia, p. 598.

A2. Stamens as many as, and alternating with, the 4 sepals ; often also 4 or 8 glandular, anti-
sepalous staminodes. Small moss-like plants. 3. Drapetes, p. 598.

i. DAPHNE Linn. Mezereon.

Shrubs, with alternate leaves or small, pink or white flowers, clustered at
the nodes in the leaf-axils or at the base of innovations. Petals none.
Calyx tubular, 4-merous, its lobes spreading. Stamens 8, scarcely any
protruding. Ovary sessile. Stigma subsessile, capitate.

Species 40, chiefly Eurasiatic.

D. PILLO-PILLO.

Leaves elliptical-oblong, elongate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces.
Flowers crowded, terminal, umbellate, the perianth-segments oblong-ovate,
silky outside, glabrous internally.

S. Chili, Valdivia.

598 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

DAPHNE TENERA Phil.

Leaves herbaceous, glabrous, narrow-oblong, obtuse, the veins (except
the midrib) obscure. Flowers umbellate, with capillary pedicels, equalling
the oblong fruit, which is attenuate in both directions.

By Rio Palena in W. Patagon.

2. OVIDIA Meisn.

Shrubs of habit of Daphne, with thin, coriaceous, alternate, subsessile,
narrow leaves, and terminal umbels with 1-2 deciduous bracts. Flowers
unisexual, mostly dioecious, 4-merous. Receptacle funnelform, hairy out-
side. Calyx-leaves spreading ; petals none. Stamens 8, in 2 series, with
long filaments. Ovary sessile in the receptacular cup, i -celled. Style
long, with small, capitate stigma. Fruit a drupe.

Species .5, chiefly in Chili.

O. TENERA (Phil, sub Daphne].

9

Leaves herbaceous, glabrous, narrowly oblong, obtuse, the veins not
conspicuous, excepting the midrib. Flowers umbellate, on capillary pedi-
cels, as long as the oblong, doubly attenuate fruit. Peduncle 12 mm.
long; pedicels 6-8 mm.; plant 9 cm. high.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine; W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.

3. DRAPETES Banks.

Cespitose shrubs, with small, coriaceous, imbricating leaves, and heads
of flowers at the ends of the branches and also among the leaves.
Stamens 4, as many as, and alternate with, the perianth-lobes. Berry
i -seeded.

Species 5, in Antarctic Amer., Papua, Australia, Borneo, and New
Zealand.

D. MUSCOIDES Lam.

Perianth-throat without scales. Receptacle glandless. Leaves decus-
sate, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, appressed-pilose. Peduncles
simple, erect, naked. Involucral leaves 4, minute, equalling the flower.

E. and W. Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; S. Patagon., by Rio Azo-
pardo (Dusen) ; Falklands. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iii, 6a, p. 244, C.)

MACLOSKIE LYTHRACE/E. 599

Family 76. LYTHRACE^:. Loose-strife Family.

Mostly herbs, with opposite, exstipulate leaves and perfect, perigynous,
4-6-merous flowers. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, inserted on the
calyx, or none. Stamens various, inserted on the calyx. Ovary 2— 6-celled
(rarely i -celled). Style i. Seeds usually many, without endosperm.

Species 350, most in tropical America.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Flowers 4-6-merous, cyclic, but stamens sometimes inclined to one side.

b. Fruit not or irregularly dehiscing, subglobose. Pedicel i -flowered. Herbs.

I. Peplis, p. 599.
i>2. Fruit a septicidal or septifragal oblong capsule ; with two simple or apically cleft valves.

Herbs or small shrubs. 2. Lythrum, p. 599.

A2. Flowers 6-merous, bilaterally symmetrical. Of the stamens at least the dorsal one is

always wanting.

b. Anthers transversely fixed. Stamens 1 1 (rarely 9, 6 or 4). Placenta after dehiscence of
capsule, and calyx bent back. Dorsal petals enlarged. Herbs or shrubs, often
viscous. 3. Cuphea, p. 600.

b2. Anthers basifixed. Stamens 1 1 (or 6-7). Fruit indehiscent. Leaves rigid, often pun-
gent. 4. Pleurophora, p. 60 1.

i. PEPLIS Linn.

Small, marsh annuals, with entire, obovate or narrow, glabrous leaves,
and small, solitary, mostly 6-merous flowers, sessile in the axils. Calyx
with 5-6 accessory teeth. Petals sometimes wanting. Filaments short,
anthers didymous. Style short ; stigma capitate. Ovary 2-celled.

Species 3, Eurasia and N. Africa.

P. PORTULA Linn.

Leaves creeping, obovate-subrotund, narrowing to a petiole. (Fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, p. 8.)

N. Paragon., by Rio Negro (from Europe).

2. LYTHRUM Linn. Loose-strife.

Stems 4-angled, with entire leaves and flowers having a straight, cylin-
dric calyx-tube, 8-i2-ribbed, with 4-6 primary teeth and as many inter-
mediate secondaries. Petals 4-8. Stamens 8-12. Fruit 2-celled, en-
closed in the persisting calyx.

Species 23, widely distributed.

6OO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

LYTHRUM HYSSOPIFOLIUM Linn.

Flowers axillary, solitary, pink-purple. Leaves sessile, most of them
alternate, or the lowest opposite, oblong, obtuse; those of the branches
much smaller than those of the stem. Stamens included.

(Eurasian; naturalized in N. Amer. and the Andes); N. Patagon., by
Rio Negro.

3. CUPHEA P. Browne.

Herbs or undershrubs, often viscous, with entire leaves, and interpet-
iolar, i -many-flowered peduncles. Calyx tubular, several-ribbed, gib-
bous, 6-toothed or also with 6 additional accessory teeth interposed.
Petals 6, 2 of them larger; or none. Stamens 6-n, 2 of them shorter;
or rarely 12. Ovary unequally 2-celled. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
Capsule enclosed in the calyx.

Species 157, American, most in extratropical Brazil and Mexico. (Fig.
in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, p. 8, H-Q and R-U.)

i. C. GLUTINOSA Cham. & Schl.

Clammy ; pubescent, mixed with long, glandular hairs. Stem branched
at the apex. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, acute. Calyx with a
short spur. Petals shorter than the calyx, violet. Stamens 6. Style
villous. Ovules 4-15.

(Brazil); N. Patagon., near the mouth of Rio Negro.

2. C. HYSSOPIFOLIA Kth.

Undershrub, with strigose branches. Leaves lanceolate, acutish, rather
obtuse at their base, glabrous above, but strigose-hairy on the midrib and
veins. Flowers alternate, pale-violet. Calyx glabrous. Stamens in-
cluded. Filaments villous. Seeds 5-6.

N. Patagon.

3. C. SPICATA Cav.

Erect, annual, branching, hairy. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, acute
both ways, glabrous, the margin scabrous. Axillary and terminal spike-
like racemes, with opposite pedicels. Calyx hirtellate. Petals unequal,
small, pink. Stamens 12.

(Trop. Amer.); marshes of N. Patagon.

MACLOSKIE MYRTACE^. 6oi

4. PLEUROPHORA Don.

Calyx straight tubular, striated, io-14-toothed, the alternate teeth
spiny. Petals and stamens 5-7. Capsttle i -celled, 3-4-seeded. Flowers
small, in terminal, bracted spikes, 4-angled.

Species 5, S. Amer.

P. PATAGONICA Speg.

Glabrous shrub 12 cm. high to 30 cm., with very small, ovate-lanceo-
late, mucronate-pungent leaves, imbricated in 4 rows on thick branches.
Old branches naked. Petals spatulate, entire, pink. Stamens long ex-
serted. Beautiful.

Patagon., near Gulf of San Jorge ; Trelew.

Family 77. MYRTACE^E. Myrtle Family.

Trees or shrubs, with mostly simple, entire, punctate, exstipulate leaves,
and superior flowers having the perigonial tube adnate to the ovary, and
supporting the 4-6 sepals, and as many petals, and the numerous stamens.
Ovary mostly of 2 or more united carpels, 2-many-celled, with axile pla-
centcB ; rarely i -celled. Style simple. Seeds 2— many, mostly without
endosperm.

Species nearly 3,000, having two centers, tropical S. Amer., and Aus-
tralia; less abundant in tropical Asia, Polynesia, and Africa. Myrtus
communis L. reaches the Mediterranean region ; and some species occur
in Tasmania and N. Zealand. They reach the northern borders of Pata-
gonia, and one is found as an exceptional case in Fuegia. But there are
no woody representatives of the family in the Magellan region or further

south.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Fruits berry-like, rarely drupe-like. Stamens in the bud attaining nearly their full length.

Sepals free, even in the bud.

b. Embryo horseshoe-shaped or spiral. Radicle exceeding the minute cotyledons. Fila-
ments nearly straight in the bud.
c. Sepals massive, prostrate in the bud. Filaments filiform, with punctiform glands next

the connective ; anthers dorsifixed, partly versatile.

d. Capsule chambered only above. 2. Myrteola, p. 602.

d2. Capsule chambered from the base. 3. Myrtus, p. 603.

d^. As Myrtus, but seeds subhorizontal on placentas at midheight. Sepals ciliated.

5. Blepharocalyx, p. 604.

6O2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c2. Sepals reflexed in the bud. Filaments flat, insensibly passing to the connective which
exceeds the anthers. Peduncles I -flowered. Flower often 4-merous.

i. Ugni,$- 602.

b2. Embryo with very short radicle and large, thick cotyledons. 4. Eugenia, p. 604.
A2. Fruit a dry, loculicidal capsule. Placentae basal. Solitary flowers, with protruding, versatile
anthers. 6. Tepualia, p. 605.

i. UGNI Turcz.

Shrubs like Myrtle, with solitary, axillary flowers. Sepals linear,
reflexed even in the bud. Petals 5, subglobular. Filaments short, flat,
insensibly passing into the connective which bears the anther on its inner
face. Style i, exceeding the stamens; stigma capitellate. Bracts 2,
linear, close to the flowers, like extra sepals.

Species n, Andine.

U. UGNI (Mol). (Myrtus ugni Molina, 1828; Ugni molince Turcz;

Eugenia ugni Hook. & Arn.)

Low, red, musky shrub, with warty branches because of leaf-scars. Leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, acute, apiculate, revolute, not dotted,
white underneath, veins obscure. Peduncles glabrous, recurved-patent,
as long as the leaf.

(Chili and Bolivia; "uni" is the Indian name); W. Patagon. and
Ch'onos Archipelago. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, p. 65, C-F.)

The name Ugni molince cannot stand, as it violates the law of specific
priority. It is under protest that we amend it into the duplex form given
above. In all such cases we suggest that priorities and decency may both
be conserved by simply inverting the name first given ; calling it Ugni
myrtus (Mol.). But we do not venture on such an innovation here.

2. MYRTEOLA Berg.

Dwarf shrubs, with axillary flowers and partially i -celled ovary, and 2-4
parietal, intruding placenta, and broad-capitate stigma; otherwise as
Myrtus.

Species 8, chiefly Andine.

M. NUMMULARIA (Poir.) Berg.

Low, spreading, glabrous, with wiry stem and branches. Peduncle i-
flowered, shorter than the 'leaf, 2-bracted under the flower. Flower 4-fid

MACLOSKIE MYRTACE/E. 603

white, with few stamens. Leaves subrotund, small, evergreen, shining.
Berries red, fleshy, edible.

(S. Chili); Patagon., Fuegia; Staaten I.; Falklands. "On dunes, hav-
ing the habit of wild thyme. Common, spreading over the ground. It
forms peat, and its leaves are used as a surrogate, or substitute, for tea-
Malouine-tea."

3. MYRTUS Linn.

Leaves opposite, punctate, pinnately-veined. Peduncles axillary, i-
many-flowered. Ovary 2-3- rarely 4-celled ; ovules many. Fruit a berry,
enclosed in the adnate perigonial tube, mostly surmounted by the calyx-
limb. Seeds hippocrepiform. Radicle long ; cotyledons aborted.

Species 50, in warm countries, chiefly southern, except S. Afr. and
Madagascar.

i. M. LUMA Barn.

A tree, with the young branches, petioles and peduncles pubescent.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, doubly attenuate, the midrib and
borders puberulous, pale on the under surface. Racemes axillary, 2-6-
flowered, as long as the leaves or longer. Peduncles 1-2 cm. Sepals
and petals 5 mm. long. Ovary bilocular. Berry shining, black,
globose.

N. Patagon., in groves around Puerto Nuevo in Lago Nahuel-huapi.

2. M. RELONCAVI Bern.

Small tree, 3-4 meters high. Leaves thickish, more glaucous than in
Chilian species, glabrous on the two surfaces, the nerves slightly or not
projecting on the surface.

Magellan, Otway. (Savatier.)

3. M. VALDIVIANA Phil.

Young branches puberulous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, doubly attenu-
ate, acute, the nerves of the dried leaves prominent on the under surface,
which is scarcely paler than the upper surface. Leaf and petiole 2-3 cm.
long. Flowers small, 3-5 in a raceme which scarcely exceeds in length
the leaf. Sepals and petals 5, the petals only 3-4 mm. long. Ovary
short. Berry black.

(Chiloe) ; Patagon., in woods about Lago Nahuel-huapi.

604 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

4. EUGENIA Linn.

Like Myrtus, except that the seeds are few (1-4), globose-compressed,
with thick, fleshy embryo, short radicle, and thick, often conferruminate,
cotyledons.

Species 625, tropical, most in S. Amer.

i. E. APICULATA DC.

Peduncles slightly exceeding the leaf, bifid, 3-flowered, the mid-flower
sessile, the laterals on 2-bracteolate, pubescent pedicels. Leaves oval,
mucronate, apiculate, pubescent underneath. Calyx-lobes attenuate
below ; petals ciliate.

E. APICULATA ARNYAN.

Leaves glabrous, broad-oval. Peduncles i -flowered.
W. Patagon., Chonos Archip.; Chiloe I.

2. E. DARWINII Hook. f.

Small shrub, with cracked, gray bark; pubescent branchlets and elliptic-
oblong leaves, 2 by i cm., abruptly acuminate, obscurely punctate, and
thick-margined. Peduncles few-flowered, pubescent, as long as the leaves ;
pedicels with several bractlets. Calyx 5-cleft, the segments obtuse.
Petals white. Stamens as many, and twice as long, as the petals.

W. Patagon., Cape Tres Montes.

3. E. PROBA Berg.

Young branches villous. Adult leaves smooth, ovate, acuminate ; the
same color above and below, 2 by i cm. Peduncles solitary, i -flowered
generally as long as the leaves. Bracts small, caducous. Sepals obtuse.
Petals large. Ovary smooth. Berry unknown.

N. Patagon., in woods at Puerto Blest, Lago Nahuel-huapi.

5. BLEPHAROCALYX Berg.

Trees or shrubs, with flowers in cymes. Calyx-divisions 4 ; petals 4.
Ovary 2-4-locular, with many subhorizontal seeds, on placenta at mid-
height of the wall. Seed-coat leathery. Otherwise as Myrtus.

Species 28, S. Amer.

MACLOSKIE MYRTACE^E. 605

BLEPHAROCALYX CRUCKSHANKSII (Berg), Ndz.

Tree, with young branches compressed, and like the young leaves and
peduncles, setose-hairy. Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse or shortly apicu-
late, attenuate baseward, more pale beneath, the lamina 5 cm. long. In-
florescence 2-4-cleft, as long as the leaf. Ovary 4-locular. Sepals
ciliated.

(Chili) ; Patagon., in woods west of Lago Nahuel-huapi.

6. TEPUALIA Griseb.

Branching, glabrous shrub, with small, opposite leaves, and solitary,
rarely 2-3 flowers on axillary peduncles bracted at the middle. Calyx-
tube broad-campanulate, adnate to the base of the ovary, with a spreading
free part. Fruit a 3-celled capsule, with basal placenta. Stamens many,
much exceeding the petals.

Species i, viz.:

T. STIPULARIS Griseb. (Metrosideros stipularis Hook. f.).

A stout shrub or tree. Glabrous, with leafy, tetragonal branchlets.
Leaves small, short-ovate, distichous, pellucid-punctate ; with basal glands.
Calyx 5-keeled, its teeth erect, obtuse.

(Chili) ; W. Magellan, "in the rainy zone; as high as a man."

T. STIPULARIS PATAGONICA Phil.

Leaves widely oval, 6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad. Sepals more obtuse
than the species.

Patagon., near Lago Nahuel-huapi.

T. STIPULARIS PHILIPPIANA Griseb.

A shrub less high than the species, with leaves having the lamina
only four times as long as the petiole.

W. Patagon., in shrubberies near Rio Aisen.

(Metrosideros Banks, which is allied to Tepualia, though not found in
America, holds an important place in other southern lands.)

606 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Family 78. ONAGRACE^E. Evening-primrose Family.

Herbs or shrubs, with mostly 4-merous, regular flowers, and inferior
ovaries ; stamens 1-2 times as many as the petals, inserted along with
them on top of the calyx-tube, or on an epigynous disk. Ovary usually
4-merous, ovules many. Seeds small, with scanty endosperm.

Species 350, most in America.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Capsule globular or cylindric ; floral axis not produced above it ; and calyx not deciduous.
Flowers bracted, 4-6-merous. Stamens 8-12, in 2 series. Marsh plants with aerenchyme.

1. Jussteua, p. 606.
A2. Capsule with floral axis more or less prolonged above it, constricted and deciduous. Flowers

not bracted, 4-merous.
b. Seeds crowned with a plume. Stamens 8, unequal. Pollen in tetrads. Stipules none.

2. Epilobium, p. 607.
l>2. Seeds naked, coriaceous, or crowned. Calyx-limb reflexed. Pollen-grains separate.

c. Floral tube long-cylindric.

d. Stamens unequal, filaments short. Corolla-tube with a hairy crown. Stigma-
lobes short. 3. Godetia, p. 611.
dz. Stamens equal, with very long filaments. Anthers versatile. Stigma 4-branched,
branches linear. Seeds ovoid, ascending. Flowers yellow, erect in the bud.

4. (Enot)iera, p. 6 1 1 .
c2. Floral tube short-campanulate. Stamens i -seriate. Stigma unbranched, capitate.

Capsule sessile, linear. Seeds naked. Herbs with small leaves.

5. Chamissonia, p. 614.
A$. Fruit a fleshy berry. Floral axis prolonged, colored, deciduous. Flowers bractless, 4-

merous, with 8 stamens. Mostly shrubs with opposite leaves and deciduous stipules.

6. Fuchsia, p. 615.

i. JUSSIEUA Linn. (Jussiaa Lour.)

Water-plants, mostly with cortical, spongy tissue (aerenchyme) ; and
4-6-merous flowers, having the calyx adnate to, but not prolonged above,
the globose or cylindric capsule. Stamens 8-12, in 2 series.

Species 36, tropical, many in Brazil. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 7, pp.
206, 207.)

J. REPENS Linn. (Cubospermum palustre Lam.)

Glabrous, creeping. Leaves oblong-obovate, retuse, petioled. Flow-
ers long-pedicelled, slightly callous at the base. Calyx villous, its tube
cylindric, attenuate below; its lobes 5, lanceolate. Petals only half as
long, obovate.

MACLOSKIE ONAGRACE^E. 6O7

»

("Everywhere over the tropics; used medicinally.") N. Patagon., by
Rio Negro. (Eng. & Prantl, 1. c.f fig. 85, D, H.) '

2. EPILOBIUM Linn. Willow-herb.

Leaves alternate or opposite. Calyx-tube linear, produced above the
ovary. Petals 4, obovate or obcordate. Stamens 8. Seeds with an
apical tuft, at maturity pushing each other out of the acrofugally-dehisc-
ing capsule.

Species 65, chiefly in temperate regions.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Herbs.

b. Rhizome creeping, stoloniferous. Petals pale.

c. Leaves opposite below, crowded above, ovate, acute, glabrous. Flowerbuds purplish.

australe.

c2. Leaves opposite, subconnate by their broad base, hairy, toothed. lechleri.

b2. Rhizome stoloniferous. Petals pink. Leaves glaucous, all sessile, smooth, ovate-oblong.

Buds slightly drooping. ccesium.

b$. Rhizome long. Lower leaves obovate, sessile, purplish ; upper leaves narrower. Inno-
vations with long pointed leaves. drummondii.
64. Rhizomes short, fibrilliferous, with gemmae. Leaves not basi-connate, ovate-lanceolate,

obtuse, their traces hairy. Flowers small, pink. valdivieme.

Az. Herbs with tetragonal, erect stems, lance-oblong leaves, and entire stigma.

b. Leaves acute, attenuate-petiolate, glabrous. adnatum.

b2. Leaves obtuse. Flowers few, pink to white. palustre.

b$. Stems with basal horizontal branches. tctragonum.

A$. Undershrubs, with the clavate stigma.

b. Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, broadly sessile, and with reddish innovations. Leaves gla-
brous to glaucous, narrowing both ways. glaucum.
b2. Stoloniferous with gemmae. Leaves small, basally subconnate, hairy. Flowers pink.

magellanicum.

A^. Undershrub with large rhizome and short stem. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, basicu-
neate, pubescent both surfaces. Flowers purple, solitary or few. densifolium.

i. E. ADNATUM Griseb.

Stem erect, tetragonal. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, acute, gla-
brous, attenuate to a petiole. Stigma undivided. Capsule puberulous.
(See note under E. tetragonum.}

(Eur., Chili) ; Magellan, common.

(E. antarcticum sub E. lechleri, and E. tetragonum.}

608 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. EPILOBIUM AUSTRALE Poepp. & Hauss.

Rhizome long, creeping, stoloniferous. Lower leaves opposite, dilated
at base, crowded, obtusely lanceolate. Stem arcuate, ascending at base,
with dead leaves, simple, 10-30 cm. high, terete below, above having
decurrent leaf-traces ; glabrescent below, with sparse, appressed hair above.
Leaves thickish, sessile, crowded upwards, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, 2-3
cm. by 8-14 mm.; the young hairy on nerves and margins. Lower
leaves ovate, entire, obtuse ; intermediate leaves with small teeth. Flower-
buds purplish. Flowers 5 mm. long; petals pale, rather exceeding the
calyx. Stigma narrow, clavate. Capsules purplish, becoming 5 cm. long,
smooth.

Fuegia, Ushuaia; Orange Harbor; Falklands; Magellan (Dusen), "in
steppes especially by water-pools."

3. E. C/ESIUM Hauss.

Herb, with creeping rhizome and stolons. Stem ascending-erect, sub-
simple, few-leaved, cylindrical, obscurely marked by decurrent lines, pubes-
cent upwards. Leaves glaucous, all sessile, ovate-oblong, the lower
with entire or denticulate margin, 25 mm. long. Buds ovoid, obtuse,
slightly drooping. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals pink, slightly exceed-
ing the calyx. Capsule rather glabrous, 6 cm. long with short hairs.
Seeds attenuate both ways.

(Near E. andicum, from which it differs by the glaucous, shorter and
broader leaves, smaller flowers and shorter capsules.)

(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut, in swamps by streams.

4. E. DENSIFOLIUM Hauss.

Stems short, 10 cm. high, simple, few-flowered, glandular-hairy.
Rhizome large, woody. Leaves opposite, except above, sessile, oblong-
lanceolate, basicuneate, pubescent on both surfaces, i-2-finely toothed
on each side, 10—15 mm- l°ng- Buds ovoid, acute. Flowers solitary
or few. Sepals lanceolate, apiculate, smooth. Petals purple, exceed-
ing the calyx. Capsules 3 cm. long, when young ashy pubescent, at
length covered by spreading hairs. Seeds oblong-obovoid, basi-attenu-
ate, papillose.

(Chili.)

MACLOSKIE : ONAGRACE/E. 609

5. EPILOBIUM DRUMMONDII Hauss.

Long rhizome, with few fibrils, sending out hypogaean gemmae. Lower
leaves purplish, broadly sessile, obovate on a terete stem ; ^^pper leaves
narrowing, on a stem with elevated lines. Flowers numerous; petals
one third longer than calyx. Stigma clavate. Peculiar innovations with
large, sessile, pointed leaves nearly truncate at their base.

(Rocky Mts.) " Possibly the same as in the Falkland Is., confounded
by Hooker with E. australe" (Haussknecht.)

6. E. GLAUCUM Ph. & Hauss.

Suffruticulose, with long rootstock, often multicipital, and with pur-
plish scions ; having opposite innovating leaves, remote, thick, reddish,
ovate-long, obtuse, broadly sessile, 4 mm. long. Stem erect or ascend-
ing, glabrous and glaucous-pruinose, often purplish below, leafy, 30 cm.
high, often with erect branches above.

Leaves glabrous, glaucous, rarely subverticillate, narrowing both ways ;
lower leaves oblong, obtuse, subentire; upper leaves narrowing, few-
toothed. Flowers erect ; petals oblong-obcordate, emarginate, one third
greater than the obcordate, often purplish calyx-segments. Stigma cla-
vate, attenuate to the style. Capsules glabrous, even when young.

(Chili; Valdivia) ; Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge; W. Patagon.

7. E. LECHLERI Ph. & Hauss.

Rhizome large, creeping, rooting at the nodes, with aerial stolons.
Stem ascending, flexuose, terete, with decurrent lines; puberous above.
Leaves opposite, slightly connected at the broad base, hairy, pointed,
toothed, 3-4 cm. by 1.5-2 cm. Inflorescence long. Flower-bttds glabrous.
Sepals lanceolate, hairy. Petals pale, larger. Capsule thick, straight.
(Leaves as E. chilense, but not basi-cordate.)

(Chili) ; Magellan; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.

E. LECHLERI ANTARCTICUM.

More slender, with narrower, oblong-elliptical leaves ; and more slender
capsules.

Fuegia, at Orange Harbor.

6 10 PAT AGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

8. EPILOBIUM MAGELLANICUM Ph. & Hauss. (E. tetragonum Har. non L.)

Subligneous, with varying size of root, producing soboles which bear
subterranean gemmae as large as hazel-nuts. Stem short, 20 cm. long,
with elevated lines, branching from the base ; the branches all floriferous.
Leaves small, opposite, except the upper, united at base, ovate, hairy,
denticulate, 15 by 8 mni. Flowers small, erect. Sepals ovate-lanceolate.
Petals pink, slightly larger. Stigma clavate, i mm. long. Capsule erect,
short, 4 cm. long, thick.

S. Patagon., Punta Arenas; by Rio Sta. Cruz; Fuegia, Ushuaia.

9. E. PALUSTRE Linn. Marsh Willow-herb.

Erect, slender, subsimple, 30 cm. Leaves mostly opposite, lance-oblong,
obtuse, 3-4 cm. long, suberect, veined. (Veins, stems and some leaves
generally maroon.) Flowers in upper axils, few, pink to white. Stigma
subentire. Fruiting peduncles slender, erect; capsules 4-5 cm. long, i
mm. thick.

(Eurasia; Arctic and Mountains of Amer.); S. Patagon., head of Rio
Chico, by Hatcher, Feb. 9, 1897.

10. E. TETRAGONUM Linn.

Stem tetragonal, subglabrous, its basal branches horizontal. Leaves
lance-oblong, denticulate; the lowest opposite, sessile and basi-obtuse.
Stigma undivided.

(Eurasia; Andes); Fuegia; Falklands. "Common at Magellan." (C.
Gay.)

J. D. Hooker identifies this with the E. coloratum Muhl. of U. S. (fig.
in Britt. & Br., ii, p. 484). E. alpinum (Britt. & Br., /. c., p. 482) and E.
tetragonum, with many intermediate states, are in Tasmania. " E. al-
pinum of Chili cannot be distinguished from either the British or the Tas-
manian plant."

Haussknecht gives E. adnatum Griseb. as the S. American representa-
tive of the Old-World E, tetragonum Linn., of the division with undi-
vided stigma. This section includes besides E. tetragonum and E. ad-
natum, E. brasiliense Hauss. of Brazil and Argent., E. puberulum Hook.
& Arn. of Chile, Chiloe and Valdivia, E. denticulatum Ruiz. & Pav. of
Argent., E. andicolum Hauss. of Argent., and E. australe.

MACLOSKIE : ONAGRACE^t. 6ll

EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM ANTARCTICUM Hook. f. (E. antarcticum O. Ktze.)
Stem ascending, mostly from a procumbent base; pubescent at the

angles. Leaves broader, ovate, and thicker.
Fuegia; Patagonia.

n. E. VALDIVIENSE Haussk.

7«// (30-60 cm.), erect, glabrous below. Rhizome short, fibrilliferous,
sending out large globose hypogaeous gemmae. Stems with decurrent,
hairy leaf-traces. Leaves (except the uppermost) opposite, not connate
at base, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, basally rounded, denticulate, nervous;
varying much. Flowers small ; petals pale pink, slightly exceeding the
hairy sepals. Capsiiles slender, 2-3 cm. long, hairy.

Valdivia.

E. VALDIVIENSE ALBOFFII.

Leaves larger, 4 cm. by 15 mm., some obtuse.

Fuegia, at Ushuaia. (Alboff.)

(E. glabellum Forst. is a New Zealand form ; and E. junceum Sol. is
Australasian and N. Zealand; "neither occurs in S. Amer., though S.
American plants are sometimes erroneously referred to them." Hauss-
knecht.)

3. GODETIA Spach.

Herbs or bushes, with large red or white flowers in leafy racemes or
spikes. Flowers regular; the floral tube long-cylindrical, with a hairy
crown. Stamens 8, unequal ; filaments short ; anthers basifixed, bent out-
wards after shedding the pollen. Stigma 4-parted, with short lobes.

Species 20, in W. Amer., some cultivated for the flowers.

G. TENELLA Cav. (by O. Ktze. sub (Enotkera, G. cavanillesii Spach.).

Stem simple, strict. Leaves linear-spatulate. Petals obovate, obtuse,

violaceous. Style longer than the erect stamens, but much shorter than

the petals. Stigmas obovate. Capsule 4-angled, tomentose, longer than

the bract.

(Chili); Chubut, in mountain meadows near Carren-leofu.

4. CENOTHERA Spach. (Excluding Onagra Tourn.)
Usually herbs, with prostrate or erect stems and alternate, sinuate or
pinnatifid leaves. Flowers yellow, axillary or in terminal spikes, opening

6l2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

by night. Calyx-tube elongated above the ovary. Stamens 8. Ovary
4-celled ; ovules many, in 2 rows. Seeds crowned by a tubercle, not
angled, ascending.

Species 20, many of them in N. Amer., especially westwards ; and by
Mex. to S. Am. An outlier in S. Africa, China and Tasmania.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves narrow-linear.

b. Leaves obtuse, subentire, margin puberulent. Suberect. chilcnsis.

b2. Leaves acute, entire or toothed, glabrous, the floral leaves broader. magellanica.

A2. Basal leaves linear, acute, floral leaves broader. Stem above, calyx and ovary villous.

Petals large. ibari.

A$. Leaves linear or broader, repand-toothed, acute, silky. Panicle of large yellow flowers,

turning to red. mollissima.

A^. Leaves linear-spatulate. Annual with small violet flowers and tomentose fruit, tenclla.
A$. Leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate-undulate. Flowers yellow.

b. Flowers small. Capsule obsoletely 8-angled. australis.

b2. Flowers larger, turning purplish. Fruit thick, cylindrical, villous. odorata.

£3. Leaves basi-attenuate, rather hirsute. mendocinensis.

A6. Leaves spatulate-lanceolate to ovate, coarsely or remotely toothed. Stem, branches and

calyx hirsute. stricta.

Aj. Leaves ovate, remotely toothed. Flowers small, solitary in axils, minute annual.

pygmcea,

i. (ENOTHERA AUSTRALIS Salisb.

Caudex biennial or perennial ; branches annual. Leaves linear-lance-
olate, denticulate, minutely pubescent, undulate. Flowers small. Calyx-
tube 9 mm. long; sepals 6 mm.; petals 7 mm. Capsule 10 mm. cylindri-
cal, obsoletely 8-angled, sessile.

Magellan, Patagon., near Puerto Deseado ; by mouth of Rio Negro.

2. CE. CHILENSIS (Brt), Dietr.

Stem virgate, suberect, puberulous. Leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, sub-
entire, marginally puberulous. Capsiile slender. Stigma undivided.
(Chili) ; N. and S. Patagon., by Neuquen and Limay Rivers ; Chubut.

3. QE. IBARI Phil.

Biennial or perennial, often multicauline. Stem 50 cm., erect, pubes-
cent, villous above. Leaves puberulous becoming glabrate, acute. Basal
leaves linear, often numerous and sometimes toothed. Floral leaves

MACLOSKIE : ONAGRACE^E. 613

ovate-lanceolate. Calyx and ovary villous ; calyx-tube scarcely exceed-
ing the ovary, sepals much longer. Petals large.
S. Patagon., at Lago Sta. Cruz.

4- CENOTHERA MAGELLANICA Phil.

Stem erect, 25-40 cm. high, glabrous at least upwards. Leaves narrow-
linear to 7 cm. long, entire or remotely toothed, glabrous. Floral leaves
broader ; all acute. Ovary and calyx with soft, white, appressed hairs.
Calyx-ttibe slightly exceeding the ovary ; sepals shorter ; petals as long.

S. Patagon., by Lago Sta. Cruz ; central mountains of Chubut.

5- CE. MAGELLANICA CHUBUTENSIS.

Leaves nearly all radical, linear-lanceolate, 7 cm. by 7 mm., attenuate
both ways, remotely toothed. Stem slender, almost leafless, under 20 cm.
high. Flowers few in an apical spike. Fruit glabrous.

Patagon.; mountains of Chubut.

6. CE. MENDOCINENSIS Gill.

Annual, pubescent hirsute. Stem erect. Leaves linear, acute, unequally
or wavy-toothed. Stamens erect, equalling the petals and the erect calyx ;
stigma with short terete lobes. Flowers small, yellow. Fruit long-cylin-
draceous, hirsute, sulcate, shorter than the leaf.

(Chili ; Andez of Mendoza) ; N. Patagon. (?).

"Applied to wounds ; Balsamo (Spanish), Inulei (Indian)." (J. Ball.)

7. CE. MOLLISSIMA Linn. (CE. nocturna W.)
Slender, erect, light green, more or less silky. Stem and branches leafy.

Leaves linear or broader, 4-15 cm. long, sessile, repand-dentate, acute.

Panicle of large yellow flowers, turning to red. Petals obovate. Capsiile

linear, 4 cm. by 3 mm.

(Chili and Argent.); N. Patagon, by Rio Negro, and Lago Nahuel-

huapi. S. Patagon., Killik Aike. (Barnum Brown, Jan. 10, 1900.)

8. CE. ODORATA Jacq.

Pubescent, suffruticose, branching. (Varying villous to glabrous.)
Leaves linear-lanceolate, subdentate, wavy-crisp. Ovary as long as the

614 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

corolla. Sepals dorsally clawed. Petals obcordate, entire, yellow, becom-
ing purple. Stigma andfrm't thick, long, cylindrical, villous.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

9- CENOTHERA PYGM/EA Speg.

Minute annual, pubescent to glabrous. Leaves sessile, ovate, subob-
tuse, remotely toothed. Flowers small, axillary, sessile, solitary. Petals
whitish-pink, 2-lobed. Stamens 4. Ovary tetragonal, rather i -celled.

S. Patagon., along Rio Chico.

10. GE. STRICTA Ledeb.

Stem and branches erect, hirsute, as the calyx. Leaves coarsely-toothed,
or remotely denticulate, acute, subglabrous ; the lower leaves narrow spatu-
late-lanceolate, to ovate, or linear-lanceolate. Allied to (E. biennis.

Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos, Neuquen and Limay; W. Patagon. in
upper valley of R. Aysen. (Dusen.)

II. GE. TENELLA Cav.

Annual. Stem simple, strict. Leaves linear-spatulate. Flowers small.
Petals obovate, obtuse, violet. Style longer than the erect stamens and
much shorter than the petals. Stigmas obovate, short. Capsule cylindri-
cal, tetragonal, tomentose, exceeding the bract.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

5. CHAMISSONIA Linn.

As CEnothera, but with capitate stigma, short campanulate calyx-tube,
and i -seriate seeds. Stamens unequal. Capsule sessile, linear or atten-
uate upwards, mostly compressed and slightly twisted.

Soft herbs or low weeds with small leaves. (Fig. of flower in Eng. &
Prantl, iii, 7, p. 216, B. C.)

C. TENUIFOLIA (Spach. sub Sphcerostigmd].

Stems virgate, suberect, puberulous. Leaves narrowly linear, obtuse,
subentire, sometimes puberulous at margin. Petals obovate, subentire,
much shorter than the ovary, thrice as long as the longer stamens. Cap-
stiles very slender.

(Chili) ; Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut at Rawson. (Dusen.)

MACLOSKIE : HALORAGIDACE^E. 615

6. FUCHSIA Plum.

Fruticose, with long-peduncled, axillary, nodding flowers, pink to pur-
plish or white. Petals 4, sessile, rarely wanting. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-
celled, many-seeded, becoming an edible berry.

Species 60, chiefly in Mexico, and W. South Amer.; few in New Zeal.

Much cultivated in gardens for their beauty.

i. F. COCCINEA Ait.

Differs from F. magellanica by having only a cup-like lower part of the
calyx-tube. (O. Ktze.)
Fuegia.

F. COCCINEA ROBUSTIOR.

Upper leaves sessile and petioles short.
Near Magellan.

2. F. MAGELLANICA Lam. (F. macrostema Ruiz. & Pav.)
Branches glabrous. Leaves opposite or 3-verticillate, ovate, acute,

denticulate, short-petiolate. Peduncles axillary, longer than the nodding

flowers. Calyx tubular below, its lobes oblong, acute, twice as long as the

spreading blue obovate petals. Stigma 4-lobed.

(Chili); Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; Magellan; Fuegia; Dawson

I.; Staaten I.

" In swamps"; much in gardens ; " moist lugare " of the Fuegians.

Family 79. HALORAGIDACE.E. Water-milfoil Family.

Chiefly aquatic herbs, with alternate or whorled leaves, if submerged
often pectinate-pinnatifid. Flowers small, perfect or diclinous. Calyx-
tube adnate to the ovary, its limbs entire or 2-4-lobed. Petals 2-4 or
none. Ovary 2-8-ribbed or winged. Styles 1-4. Nutlet or drupe, con-
sisting of 2-4, one-seeded carpels.

Species 100, widely distributed.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Aquatic plants with alternate or whorled leaves, the submersed being dissected into capillary
segments. Flowers small, monoecious ; carpels and seeds mostly 4 (or 2), styles 4 ; sta-
mens 4-8. I. Myriophyllum, p. 616.

6l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

A2. Land plants with broad leaves and mostly dioecious spiked 2-merous flowers. Carpels 2,
styles 2, but seed i, stamens 1-8. 2. Gunnera, p. 617.

A$. Aquatic plants with whorled narrow leaves and polygamous, i-merous flowers. Carpel i,
style i, seed i, stamen i. 3. Hippuris, p. 618.

1. MYRIOPHYLLUM Linn.

The submersed leaves divided into capillary segments ; emersed leaves,
if any, less divided. Flowers axillary, 2-bracted, usually monoecious, the
males above; sometimes dioecious; 2-4-merous and diplostemonous.
Ovary 2-4-celled ; cells i-ovuled. Styles 4. Fruit splitting into 4 meri-
carps.

Species 20, extra-tropically cosmopolitan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii,

7. P- 234-)

i. M. ELATINOIDES Gaud.

Monoecious or dioecious. Leaves 3-5-whorled, the lower capillaceo-mul-
tifid ; the upper shorter, lanceolate to ovate or broad-oblong, occasionally
opposite, entire or dentate, or pinnatifid, obtuse, sessile. Carpels rather
short, broad-oblong, dorsally convex, glabrous.

(Australia and New Zeal.); Falklands, in freshwater lagoons and run-
ning streams, abundant. Magellan (R. O. Cunningham); S. Patagon.;
Rio Chico ; N. and E. Fuegia.

2. M. PROSERPINACOIDES Gill.

Dioecious. Leaves all submersed, similarly pectinate-pinnatifid, 4-5-
whorled; their segments 20-25. Pistillate flowers axillary, apetalous;
stigmas 4, plumose. Young carpels glabrous. Hair-like bracts among
the leaves.

(Chili; naturalized in parts of N. J., U. S.); N. Patagon.

3. M. SPICATUM Linn.

Submerged leaves whorled and dissected. Floral leaves ovate, entire
or serrate, shorter than the flowers, or none. Spike about 5 cm. long,
like a leafless interrupted spike. Carpels rounded on the back.

(Eurasia and N. Amer.); S. Patagon.; Valley of Sta. Cruz, by Hatcher.
Near the base of the stem many of the submersed leaves are opposite
and undivided, linear-acute, 5-nerved ; some of these sending lacinia out
from their margins ; and many of them are closely covered with Diatoms.

MACLOSKIE I HALORAGIDACE^E. 617

4. MYRIOPHYLLUM TERNATUM Gaudich. (Var. of M. elatinoides?}
Monoecious. Leaves ternate, the lower deeply pinnatifid, with capillary

lacinice, the upper undivided, oblong, entire. Upper flowers male ; lower

pistillate.

(Chili); S. Patagon.; RioChico; Fuegia; Falklands.

5. M. VERTICILLATUM Linn.

Monoecious. Submersed leaves in whorls of 3 and 4 ; dissected into
very fine capillary divisions. Floral leaves pectinately divided, much ex-
ceeding the flowers. Petals of the male flowers purplish.

(Eurasia and N. Amer.); Fuegia.

2. GUNNERA Linn.

Scapigerous perennials, with creeping rhizome and mostly radical, alter-
nate, petiolate, broad leaves, and spiked to panicled, hermaphrodite or
unisexual flowers. Calyx-tube ovoid or compressed, its lobes 2-3, or
often in the male flowers none. Petals none or 2, cucullate. Stamens
1-2. Ovary i -celled, with i pendulous ovule. Fruit a coriaceous or
fleshy drupe. Embryo minute, remote from the hilum, and inverted.

Species 17, characteristic of the regions from Chili to Tasmania and
New Zeal.; also in Fernandez, New Granada, Brazil, Hawaii, S. Africa
and Java. (Not reported from Australia.)

i. G. CHILENSIS Lam.

Leaves orbicular-reniform, 5-i3-lobed, lobes ovate-acute, irregularly
toothed, petioles scabrous, hairy above, pilose on the nerves underneath.
Stip^lles numerous in the leaf-axils. Scape usually shorter than the
leaves. Spikelets approximate. Calyx 2-toothed.

Perennial in humid places from Caraccas (Lat. i o° N. ) by the Andes to Chili
and Magellan. Sometimes to 2 meters high, and cultivated; "amongst
the largest of Dicotyledonous vegetables." (J. D. Hooker.) Often with
colonies of Nostoc within its stem. "The Panke somewhat resembles
rhubarb on a gigantic scale. The inhabitants cut the stalks, which are
subacid, tan leather from the roots, and procure a black dye from it."
(C. Darwin.)

N. Patagon., mountain streams near Lago Nahuel-huapi. (Fig. in Eng.
& Prantl, iii, 7, p. 235, f. 106; p. 228); W. Patagon. in valley of Rio
Aysen; to Ultima Esperanza. (Dusen.)

6 1 8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

2. GUNNER A LOBATA Hook. f.

Dioecious and apetalous. Stem creeping and rooting. Petioles 2 cm.
long, hirsute, with a basal, sheathing stipule. Leaves rounded, deeply
5-y-lobed, coriaceous, the nerves underneath pilose ; their lobes rounded,
obtuse, entire, the margins obscurely ciliate. Scape of male flowers
equalling the petioles ; pistillate flowers sessile. Anthers broad-oblong.

W. Magellan, Churucca and Puerto Angosto (Dusen); Fuegia, near
Cape Horn.

3. G. MAGELLANICA Lam.

Dioecious and apetalous, low, stoloniferous herb, with long-petioled,
orbicular, reniform, crenate leaves, glabrous on upper surface, pilose par-
F tially beneath on the nerves and the petiole.

Male scape exceeding the leaves, the male flow-
ers on short pedicels. Female scape shorter
and the flowers sessile. Calyx-lobes lanceolate.
(S. Chili ; Hawaii) ; N. Patagon., by Lago
Nahuel-huapi ; E. and W. Magellan ; Fuegia,
passim to Cape Horn ; Staaten Is.; Falklands.
(By Hatcher at Punta Arenas, and from Cor-
dilleras of S. Patagon., in fruit March, 1897 ;
of densely spicate, crimson drupelets.

" Most abundant of Antarctic American

Gunnera magellanica. Pistillate jants frQm Valdivia to Cape Horn, and CSpeci-
plant in fruit, slightly reduced. * * . . ,

ally at the Falkland Is., where it is eaten by

cattle." (J. D. Hooker.) "Common in the forest-region and by streams
and the sea-coast." (Dusen.) Fuegian name, " Palakoazirh."

3. HIPPURIS Linn. Mare's-tail.

Aquatic herbs with simple erect stems, and whorled, entire leaves.
Flowers axillary, small, usually perfect, but apetalous. Calyx-limb
minute. Stamen \. Style filiform. Achene oblong.

Species 3, N. Temperate Zone, and Arctic, also in Patagonia. H. alata
Jacq. is found in Fernandez, Australia and New Zealand.

H. VULGARIS Linn.

Leaves in whorls of 5-12, linear or broader, sessile, acute, the upper
spreading, the lower deflexed.

MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER/E. 619

(Eurasia and N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico ; Magellan; N.
and E. Fuegia.

HlPPURIS VULGARIS FLUVIATILIS Hoffm.

Leaves longer, membranaceous. In rather deep watery places, from
which the sterile plant rarely emerges. Perennial. N. Fuegia. (Dusen.)

Family 80. ARALIACE.E. Ginseng Family.

Herbs or woody plants, with superior, 5-merous flowers, often in um-
bels. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, supporting the petals and isome-
rous stamens. Ovary i to several-celled, with as many styles. Cells i-
seeded. Fruit a berry or drupe. Endosperm large.

Species 450, in temperate and tropical countries.

PSEUDOPANAX K. Koch.

Glabrous trees or shrubs, with digitate and simple leaves on the same
plant, or all simple. Flowers in compound umbels or racemes. Pedicels
jointed under the flowers. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit fleshy, enclosing pyrenes.

Species 6, Chili and New Zealand, and the following :

P. L,ETEVIRENS Gay.

Umbels panicled. Leaves 5-digitate, their leaflets long-lanceolate, finely
serrate.

W. Magellan, and Northwards ; at Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Family 81. UMBELLIFER^E.« Carrot Family.

Herbs with small, epigynous, 5-merous flowers in compound, or rarely
simple umbels. Umbels and their umbellules mostly with involucres and
involucels. Calyx-tube wholly adhering to the ovary and supporting the
petals ; calyx-limb represented by 5 minute teeth or obsolete. Ovary 2-
celled, surrounded by a disk (stylopodium), whence arise the 5 stamens and
the 2 styles. Ovtiles i in each cell, pendulous from the septal carpophore.
Pericarp with ribs, wings and oil-tubes. Embryo minute, in large
endosperm.

Species 1,600, cosmopolitan, abounding in the tropics.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

—

(Be careful to secure the fruit.)

A. Fruit having woody fibrous endocarp. No free carpophore. No oil-tubes at least in the fur-
rows. Umbels usually simple.

62O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

b. Fruit with very narrow commissures and 5 primary ribs. Leaves round-peltate or cor-
date. I. Hydrocotyle, p. 622.
b2. Fruit with broad commissures, and mericarps dorsally flattened or rounded.

c . Fruit wingless, with sac-like hollows under the midrib ; ribs often glochidiate-ciliate.
Seeds thick, lens-shaped. Herbs with often cordate-palmately divided leaves and
stellate-hairs ; the lower leaves opposite, stipulate. 2. Bowlesia, p. 623.

c 2. Fruit wingless ; without sac-like hollows ; transversely oval or circular or rounded-
quadrangular. Fruit dry, more or less dorsally compressed, with 3 -dorsal ribs.
Calyx -teeth minute, I -nerved. Cespitose, with leaves in rosettes or closely imbri-
cate. 3. Azorella, p. 624.
CT,. Fruit broadly and dorsally 4- winged. Mericarps peltate, with small, linear commis-
sures. Petals lance-oval.

d. Calyx not large, its teeth prominent. Petals with midribs inflexed, notched, and
dorsal callosity. Glabrous herbs, little branching, with palmately cut leaves.

4. Asteriscium, p. 632.

d2. Calyx large, with 5 lanceolate teeth. Petals lanceolate, pointed or slightly
notched. Undershrubs of sparing growth, leaves 3-5 -partite, sheathing the
branches. 5. Mulinum, p. 633.

A2. Fruit subglobose, muricate ; vittae 5. Leaves palmately 5-3-partite, the parts tripartite, etc-

6. Sanicula, p. 635.

A$. Fruit walls of weak parenchyme ; the fruit nearly ovoid somewhat flattened laterally, oil
tubes usually 5, weak or obsolete, flowers in dense head-like umbels, with pointed bracts.
Leaves often toothed or lobed, with bristly margins. 7. Eryngium, p. 636.

A^. Fruit walls consisting of weak parenchyme : sometimes with woody layers. Styles arising
from a stylopodium. Oil-tubes arising in the furrows of the young fruit (valleculse), often
afterwards specialized. Umbels mostly compound, with a general involucre of bracts,
and a special involucel of bracteoles.
b. Primary ribs weak or strong, with lateral ribs or with wings. The valleculas are marked

only by the oil-tubes.
c. Seeds deeply-grooved or hollow on the commissure (by the decay of the raphe).

d. Crystal -glands in the parenchyme surrounding the carpophore. Flowers polygamous.
Fruit ribbed, with very small oil-tubes ; clavate, spurred basewards. Calyx-
teeth none. Leaves decompound. Umbels few-rayed ; bracts and bracteoles
narrow or none. 8. Osmorrhiza (Washingtonia), p. 637.

d2. Crystal glands none. Fruit subglobular.

e. Fruit nut-like, with woody layers ; smooth, showing ribs and oil-tubes only on
drying. Commissure flat, not much narrowed. 9. Coriandrum, p. 638.

£2. Fruiting mericarps hanging by small commissures ; externally ovoid-urceolate.

Chief ribs weak or strong.

/. Umbels simple, many-flowered. Frond long-ovoid, narrowing upwards.
Petals flat, not apically inflexed. Peduncles short and thick.

10. Orcomyrrhis, p. 638.
/2. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Fruit didymous ; commissure broad ;

ribs wavy. Carpophore short, thick. Style recurved. Petals obcor-
date, with strong, reflexed point. Oil-tubes obsolete.

1 1. Conium, p. 639.

MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER/E. 621

c2. Seeds flat on the commissures ; raphe often protruding, rarely receding.

d. Lateral ribs and 3 dorsal ribs subsimilar. Seeds semi-circular in cross-section, with

broad endosperm.

c. Ribs of fruit slightly protruding. Mericarps hanging together by a narrow com-
missure. Only vallecular oil-tubes, or none. No crystal-glands in pericarp.
Lower leaves divided, sheathing-petioled. Flowers white.
/. Mericarps with 5 equal ribs ; oil-tubes vallecular, or more or none. Calyx
teeth none or minute. Petals ovate-acute, entire, apex sometimes inflexed.
Leaves pinnate, or further cut. Involucres varying.

12. Apium, p. 639.

/2. Fruit long oval or mericarps cylindro-concave, smooth. Oil-tubes one in
each furrow. Petals clawed, cleft, the lobes unequal, apex sessile in the
deep notch. Terminal and lateral umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete ; styles
short. Bracts and bracteoles pinnate.

13. Ammi, p. 641.

fT,. Fruit cordate-ovoid to didymous or shorter. Oil-tubes many, fine. Calyx-
teeth long, persisting. Petals apically inflexed. Styles short. Leafy-
stemmed marsh-plants. Bracts and bracteoles many, small, persistent.
Leaves mostly once-pinnate. 14. Slum, p. 641.

€2, Ribs of fruit strong, and often wing-like ; the side-ribs broadening the commis-

sural face of the mericarps ; the carinal and sutural ribs subequal.
f. Fruit short-ovoid or obconic. Stylopodium broad, obtuse. Marginal ribs
thick and broad, not winged. Mericarps dorsally broad-round, not com-
pressed, smooth. Oil-tubes I in each furrow. Carpophore obsolete.
Creeping plants with simple umbels and terete leaves. Flowers white.

1 5 . Lilaopsis ( Crantzid), p. 64 1 .

/2. Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, dorsally compressed, smooth. Mericarps some-
times with small wings. Lateral ribs imbricating, strong ; the other ribs
mostly small. Oil-tubes 4 vallecular, 2 commissural, large. Flowers
green-yellow. 1 6. Fceniculum, p. 642.

/3- Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, not dorsally compressed, smooth. Ribs subequal,
all broad-winged. Seeds with broad, often pentagonal cross-section.
Petals obcordate, notched, whitish. Calyx teeth none or minute. Sev-
eral vallecular oil-tubes or minute. Leaves ternately compound.
Bracts and bracteoles several, narrow, some divided.

17. Ligusticum, p. 642.

^•3. Side-ribs of fruit much broader than the 3, often slight, dorsal ribs ; forming
small double wing-like processes of the paired mericarps. Seeds small in
cross-section. Bracts and bracteoles mostly none. Leaves pinnate.
Flowers yellow. 18. Pastinaca, p. 642.

bz. Secondary ribs over the oil-tubes, usually exceeding the primary ribs and armed by barb-
less or barbed spines. Bracts pinnate ; bracteoles entire or toothed. Flowers chiefly
white. Leaves pinnately decompound. 19. Daiicus, p. 643.

622 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

i. HYDROCOTYLE Linn.

Prostrate marsh herbs, with palmately nerved or lobed or peltate leaves,
mostly broad, on long petioles, with scale-like stipules; and small, white
flowers in simple, sessile or peduncled umbels, with a small involucre.

Species 100, cosmopolitan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 117.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves peltate.
b. Leaves orbicular.

c. Umbel 2O~3O-flowered. umbellate.

C2. Scape umbelled and flowers whorled along its branches. bonariensis.

b2. Leaves subreniform. Rays many. modesta.

Az. Leaves- subpeltate, nearly single at the nodes. Umbels 3-5-flowered. batrachioides.

AT,. Leaves not peltate.

b. Leaves round-cordate, /-lobed. Flowers about 25. araucana.

bz. Leaves round-reniform, 5 -lobed. Umbels 5- 1 2-flowered. ranunculoides.

b$. Leaves reniform. Umbel 10-12 -flowered. bonplandi.

I. H. ARAUCANA Phil.

Stem erect, simple, slender, few-leaved, covered with long hairs ; as
are the petioles, etc. Leaves glabrous, orbicular, cordate, y-lobed, crenate.
Pedimcles shorter than petioles ; flowers 25, subsessile. Fruit small.
Araucaria and Valdivia.

H. ARAUCANA PATAGONICA Speg.

Stems creeping ; and all the plant glabrous.

2. H. BATRACHIOIDES DC.

Glabrous. Leaves nearly single at the rooting nodes, long-petioled,
erect, subpeltate, 3-5-partite, the parts ciineate, • obtuse, 2-4-cleft ; lobes
entire or subcrenate. Peduncles scarcely 25 mm. long, deflexed in fruit.
Umbels 3-5-flowered. Flowers subsessile.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. H. BONARIENSIS Lam. (H. umbellata bonariensis.]
Glabrous. Leaves peltate, orbiculate, i5-2O-nerved, bicrenate. Scape

scarcely longer than the petioles, apically umbelled and further branching.

Flowers whorled along the branches.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, along damp maritime regions.

Multiform.

MACLOSKIE : UMBELLIFER^E. 623

4. HYDROCOTYLE BONPLANDI Rich.

Hirsute. Leaves reniform (not peltate), 9-nerved, bicrenate. Peduncles
25 mm. long, equalling the petioles. Umbel io-i2-flowered, the flowers
pediceled.

(Chili) ; Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Sta. Cruz.

H. BONPLANDI CHILENSIS.

Umbels denser, subsessile. Leaves y-nerved, y-lobed ; petioles 35 mm.
(Chili) ; Patagon., Rivers Negro and Sta. Cruz.

5. H. MODESTA Cham, and Schl.

Leaves peltate, very long-petioled (7-30 cm.) subreniform-orbicular,
glabrous, 9-nerved, petioles and young stems pilose. Peduncles short
(6-25 mm.), many-rayed. Fruit very small, emarginate at both ends.
(Montevideo) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

6. H. RANUNCULOIDES Linn. f.

Stout, glabrous. Stem floating or creeping near the shore. Leaves
orbiculate-reniform (not peltate), 5-nerved, somewhat 5-lobed ; the lobes
obtuse, subcrenate, mid-lobe longest and narrowest. Peduncles shorter
than the petioles. Umbel 5~i2-flowered, the flowers pediceled. Fruit
broad-orbicular.

(Mediterr. Region ; N. Amer. ; by Mex. to S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., by
Rio Negro, S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

7. H. UMBELLATA Linn.

Glabrous, subterranean branches tuberiferous. Leaves peltate, orbicu-
lar, basi-emarginate, bicrenate, about i i-12-nerved. Scape shorter than
the petioles. Umbel 2o-3o-flowered ; the flowers petioled. Fruit broader
than long, notched at both ends.

(S. Africa ; N. Amer. and W. Indies ; Mex. to S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon.

2. BOWLESIA Ruiz & Pav.

Stellate-hairy or glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate below, but mostly
opposite under the simple or irregularly compound umbels. Bracts small,
subulate or none. Calyx-teeth prominent. Petals entire, white or pur-
plish. Fruit constricted, with narrow commissure. Mericarps subtri-
angular, glochidiate-ciliate, the cilia united at base to form a wing.

624 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Species 18, Calif, to Chili, etc.

(Fig. of fruit in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 125.)

I. BOWLESIA INCANA R. & P.

Procumbent annual, stellate-hairy. Leaves reniform-orbicular, obtusely
3-5-cleft ; their lobes entire or 3-toothed. Umbels on very short axillary
peduncles.

(Peruvian mountains, Argentina.) Patagon.

B. INCANA TENERA (Spreng.) Urban.

Prostrate, with reniform, ciliate leaves, 5~7-lobed. Umbels 3-flowered.
(S. Brazil) ; Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut (Dusen) ; by Golfo de
San Jorge ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; by Rio Negro.

2. B. TROPEOLIFOLIA Gill. & Hook.

Stellately hairy. Stem procumbent, slender. Leaves palmately
5-y-parted, the segments lanceolate, obtuse, entire, with acute sinuses.
Peduncles long, 3-flowered. Fruit small.

(Argentina.)

B. TROPEOLIFOLIA HETEROPHYLLA SpCg.

Procumbent or climbing annual with long green branches, very long
internodes and petioles ; the leaf-blades ovate, entire or 3-lobed or palma-
tifid, sparingly stellate-hairy and with small stipules. Flowers small,
white-green, sessile on long peduncles, 3-5 capitulate. Fruit dorsally
compressed, green.

S. Patagon., in meadows at Karr-aike, near Lago Argentine.

B. TROPEOLIFOLIA PATAGONICA Speg.

Low, slender, erect or diffuse, more or less stellately hoary ; the last
leaves of the branches very lanceolate, short-petioled, usually entire.
Chubut, along Carren-leofu.

3. AZORELLA Lam. (Bolax Comm.)

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, sometimes densely pulvinate (so form-
ing a cushion), much branching, rarely stoloniferous, and covered by im-
bricating leaves, sometimes covered by the long leaf-sheaths, often cespi-
tose with radical leaves.

MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFER^E. 625

Leaves entire or toothed, or ternately or palmately dissected. Stipules
none, or like cilia, or scarious. Umbels sessile amid the leaves or peduncled,
simple, or irregularly compound, many- or few- or only i -flowered. In-
volucral bracts small and free, or large and connate, or radiant. Petals
somewhat concave, entire, imbricate. Calyx-teeth evident. Fruit later-
ally compressed or not ; furrowed, or constricted at the commissure. Car-
Pels subterete, or pentagonal, rarely dorsally flattened. Primary ridges
subequal ; the lateral distinct from the commissure. Vittce between the
ridges more or less conspicuous. Seed straight, subterete.

Species 35, in Andesia and Antarctic Amer., Austral., Tasmania and
N. Zeal.; reaching Mexico.

GENERIC SUBSECTIONS.

1. Fragosa. Stems pulvinate or covered by imbricating leaves, or divided into long branches

covered by leaf-sheaths. Leaves naked at the base or ciliate. Small plants ; disk large,
lobed ; oil-sacs of fruit large, often brown ; as aretioides, ccespitosa, selago.

2. Pozoa. (Separate genus in Eng. & Prantl, not found in Patagon.) Leaves subradical, with

long dilated petioles. Umbels many -flowered, simple — hydrocotylifolia,

3. Microsdadium. (Austral.) Cespitose. Umbels few-flowered. Bracts few, small.

4. Schizeilema. Cespitose, stoloniferous ; like Hydrocotyle ; leaves in rosettes or scattered, not

imbricated ; umbels stalked ; involucral bracts numerous — ranunculus.

5. Huanaca. Low, with radical rosettes of long-petioled leaves, whole or lobed or partite.

Flowers on long pedicels, in many-rayed umbels with an involucre of leaves ; as acaulis.

6. Pectophytum, Cespitose closely leaved, with old stems surrounded by sheaths of old leaves.

Terminal umbels amid the upper leaves ; each pedicel swollen below the ovary and articu-
lated ; as glebaria, lycopodioides, nivalis, trifurcata.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Long-petioled leaves from the ground.

b. Scape-like stem trifid at top, 2-leaved, all the leaves and the involucre with filiform seg-
ments. Umble with long rays. acaulis.
b2. Leaves reniform-peltate. Scapes 1-7, long; umbels capituliform ; involucre of I broad
leaf, toothed. hydrocotylifolia.
£3. Stem creeping and rooting. Leaves rounded and divided. Peduncles short ; umbel 3-5-

flowered ; involucral bracts linear. ranunculus.

A2. Stem short. Leaves palmately 3-5-parted. Umbel 2O-flowered ; involucral bracts lanceolate.

morenonis.
A$. Caespitose, with entire leaves ; many form cushions.

b. Leaves scale-like, with slender petioles from an enlarged base. Umbels of 1-6 small

flowers. White-silvery. ameghinoi.

b2. Leaves fleshy, ovate, concave. Umbels sessile, few-flowered. bovei.

£3. Leaves linear, the wide sheaths filamentous. Umbels sessile, 6-8-flowered.

ccespitosa.

626 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

£4. Leaves narrow, from broad, ciliate sheaths. Umbels short-stalked, 6-8-flowered.

filamentosa.

b$. Leaves linear. Umbels short, sessile amid the upper leaves. hookeriana.

b6. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, fasciculate. Umbels nearly hidden ; involucre multifid,

plantaginea.

b"j. Leaves elliptical or oblanceolate, imbricate. Involucre 5-6-cleft. patagonica.

A^. Leaves 3-/-cleft from a broad base with cilia, imbricating. Umbel short-stalked, 3-flow-

ered. Involucre bracts linear. Forming cushions. selago.

A$. Lower leaves with broad imbricating sheaths; upper leaves 2-3-cleft. Umbel subsessile,

6-8-flowered. Involucre cup-like, many-leaved. bolacina.

A6. Leaves 3-lobed or 3 -cleft.

b. Leaves crowded, amplexicaul, pectinate; blades triangular or 3-lobed. Umbel long-
stalked, fuegiana.
b2. Leaf-lobes recurved, ciliate. Umbel subsessile ; involucral bracts subulate.

trifurcata.
b$. Petioles soft, not marginally ciliate. Umbel simple, subsessile, 4-flowered and 4 involucral

bracts. Stellate hairs on young fruit. glcbaria.

64. Leaves recurved ; the sheaths broad, ciliate. Umbels and flowers stalked. Bracts 5-6.

lanceolate. utriculata.

b$. Leaves suberect with pungent points and ciliate-margined, broad imbricating sheaths.

Umbel stalked, of 3-4-subsessile flowers, with 2 serrate bracts. lycopodioides.

A-j. Leaves 3-partite, imbricate. Umbels subsessile, 4-flowered, with 4 long bracts.

aretioides.

i. AZORELLA ACAULIS (Cav. sub Huanaca. H. cavamllesii'DC.}.

Stem scape-like. Leaves all radical, long-petioled, palmately y-8-sect.;
the segments narrow-linear, acute, entire or trifid; petiole widened at
base to a ciliated sheath. Scape erect, simple, striate, bearing a 3-rayed
compound umbel, Involucral leaves 3-partite, basally ciliate. The 2 lat-
eral umbellules long-peduncled and blooming longer than the subsessile
mid one; umbellules several-flowered. Fruit ovate, dorsally flattened.
Mericarps with 3 lateral vittae.

Magellan, S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; by Hatcher at Coy Inlet,
"on steppes, rare"; by Peterson at Rio Chico. (Nov.-Dec.)

" A little known Patagonian plant, remarkable for the resemblance of its
almost leafless stem to a scape, and for its branching being trichotomous."
(J. D. Hooker.) " Varies from 3 to 50 cm. high, and more or less laxly
pilosulous." (Speg.)

2. A. AMEGHINOI Speg.

Cespitose, squamous, silvery. Leaves crowded, subimbricate, ovate or
lance-linear, involute ; petioles slender on an enlarged base. Umbels

MACLOSKIE UM BELLI FER/E. 627

acrogenous ; peduncle shorter than the petiole, white-villous, i-6-flowered ;
flowers small, subglabrous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico and Rio Scheuen.

3. AZORELLA ARETIOIDES Willd. (Fragosa in H. B. & K.)
Low, cespitose. Leaves imbricate, tripartite, coriaceous, the lobes ob-
long, acutish, the petioles suberous-thick, apically villous. Umbels sub-
sessile, simple, 4-flowered. Involucral leaves 4, oblong-lanceolate, as
long as the pedicels.

The same habit as A. selago, whose leaves are small and not so much
lobed.

(Andes of Quito at great elevations) ; S. Patagon., on Cordilleras,
Hatcher.

4. A. BOLACINA CIOS.

Densely cespitose, dwarfish. Petioles closely imbricated on the branches,
broad-ovate, somewhat sheathing, without a lamina. Lamina of terminal
leaves undivided or 2-3-cleft, their segments deep or dentiform, often
unequal, oblong. Umbel subsessile, 6-8-flowered. Involucre cup-like,
many-leaved.

(Chili); Cordilleras of S. Patagon., by Hatcher.

5. A. BOVEI Speg.

Botryoid-ramulose, glabrous, cespitose. Dense, thick, imbricate peti-
oles, coriaceous below, broad-sheathing, entire ; upwards abruptly becoming
a fleshy, ovate, obtuse, concave lamina, marginally dilated. Umbel apical,
sessile, few-flowered.

Fuegia, rather rare in peat meadows of Melville, etc., Islands.

Dusen found it forming cushions to the snowline at Puerto Angosto in
W. Magellan. He believes it to be identical with A. gummifera Poir.
(1810.)

6. A. C^ESPITOSA Cav. (Plate XXII, A.)

Densely cespitose. Leaves 8 mm. long, very green above, closely
imbricating, wide at base, spreading, slightly reflexed, linear, acute, entire,
coriaceous, their sheaths filamentous. Umbel sessile among the upper
leaves, short, 6-8-flowered; calyx-tube pilose, its margin obtusely and
very shortly 5-lobed. You ngfntit oblong, subquadrate, dorsally flattened.

Patagon., in Cordilleras; by Hatcher at Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz; W.

628 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Patagon.; Puerto Deseado, Magellan, Falklands. N. and E. Fuegia.
(Dusen, " a characteristic steppe-plant.")

7- AZORELLA FILAMENTOSA Lam.

Lax cespitose. Steins branching, the branches crowded, occasionally
elongate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, subspatulate, subcymbiform, their
margins reflexed, entire, ending in an equi-long petiole which is sheath-
ing and ciliate at base. Umbels short-pedunculate, 6-8-flowered. Fruit
ovate, subterete ; mericarps dorsally convex, 5-ridged.

Magellan, S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Gallegos (Dusen) ; through
Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands. "A steppe-plant; not very common
throughout Fuegia and the Falkland Is. Gaertner saw specimens in the
Banksian Herbarium with 3 carpels."

8. A. FUEGIANA Speg.

Lax, cespitose, green. Petioles crowded, long-slender, arcuately spread-
ing, glabrous, basi-amplexicaul, long-pectinate-laciniate, ciliate ; their limbs
flat, triangular-cuneate, entire, truncate, 3-lobed or 3-toothed, the lobes
ending in a cilium. Umbels long-peduncled.

Magellan, S. Patagon., Rio Gallegos ; Lago Argentine ; Fuegia, Greg-
ory Bay and S. Fuegia.

9. A. GLEBARIA (Comm. sub Bolax] A. Gray. (A. gummifera Franch.
non Poir, A. ccespitosa Vahl). Bolax.

Perennial, cespitose herb. Leaves imbricate, trifid, glabrous, coriaceous,
the lobes ovate, obtuse ; petioles suberose-membranaceous, not marginally
ciliate. Umbel simple, subsessile, 4-flowered. Invohic ral leaves 4, equal-
ling the pedicels. Calyx-teeth obscure. Young fruit stellately pubescent.

Patagon., from 41° S. southwards to Cape Horn. W. Patagon., Falk-
lands. "Not common in the steppes, save southwards; but near the for-
ests. It forms bolax or balsam-bogs inland, hemispherical hillocks of
pale yellowish-green, so hard that one may break his knuckles on them.
If the day be warm they emit a faint aromatic smell, and drops of a viscid
white gum flow from them. They grow from the outward shoots, the
very old ones decaying near the ground. One mass is the product of a
single seed, and the result of many, perhaps hundreds of years' growth.
In growing, branches radiate regularly outwards from the rooting center;

MACLOSKIE UMBELLIFERyE. 629

and fibrous radicles aid in nourishing the mass." (After J. D. Hooker.)
Indian names in Patagonia, "Kethala" and "Gethem." The Indians use
the resinous root as a masticatory, and roast and grind it into flour, taking
it as food.

10. AZORELLA HOOKERIANA CloS.

Densely cespitose. Leaves closely imbricating, broader at the base,
sheathing, spreading, subrecurved, linear, acute, entire, coriaceous. Sheath
filamentose. Flowering umbel short, sessile among the upper leaves.
Calyx-tube pilose.

Magellan, S. Fuegia, Ushuaia; San Sebastien.

ii. A. HYDROCOTYLIFOLIA (Fielding & Gardn. sub Pozoa}.

Stems nearly obsolete. Leaves radical, fasciculate, with long petioles,
subreniform-orbicular, subpeltate, sinuose-dentate, 5-nerved. Scapes 1-7,
twice as long as the leaves. Involucre large, i -leaved, many-toothed.
Head about as long as involucre.

(Chilian cordilleras) ; Patagon., Chubut, in swampy mountain meadows.

12. A. LYCOPODIOIDES Gaud.

Cespitose. Stem branching, densely fasciculate. Leaves closely imbri-
cate, rather erect, deeply trifid, the segments subulate, pungent. Petioles
concave, broad, sheathing. Margins sharply ciliate-serrate. Umbels 3-4-
flowered ; in fruit with strong peduncle. Involucral leaflets 2, broad-ovate,
cymbiform, sharply incised-serrate. Pedicels very short. Calyx-limb 5-
toothed. Fruit globose ; carpels smooth, dorsally convex, without costae.

Falklands ; Fuegia ; rare in the steppes ; common in the mountains of
the southern part of the mean-rainy forests (Dusen) ; W. Patagon. ; S. Pat-
agon., pampas by Coy Inlet (O. A. Peterson) ; Ushuaia, by Hatcher.

A. LYCOPODIOIDES COMPACTA Phil.

Leaves crowded at top of the branches and spreading. Umbel i-
flowered.
Falklands.

A. MORENONIS (=Mulinum morenonis Speg.).

13. A. PATAGONICA Speg.

Densely cespitose-pulvinate perennial, but not compact. Leaves
densely imbricate, rosulate at ends of branches ; their limbs fleshy-mem-

630

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

branaceous, elliptical or oblanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, gradually passing
into a long basally dilated petiole, with chaffy hairs. Umbels subsessile ;
involucre 5-6-cleft, 8-i2-flowered; pedicels as long as the fruit.

Patagonia, rare in basaltic rocks by Rio Sta. Cruz, near Lago Argen-
tine ; and by Carren-leofu.

AZORELLA PATAGONICA COMPACTA Speg.

Xerophil, having compact cushions ; leaves smaller, and more rigid than
the species, and entire. Umbels sessile. Habit of A. ccespitosa Cav.
S. Patagon., in rocks by Pan-de-Azucar, near Rio Sta. Cruz.

14. A. PLANTAGINEA Speg.

Laxly cespitose perennial, with densely fasciculate leaves. Petioles
long, all membranaceously dilated, glabrous or with marginal pectinate
chaffy scales; limbs glabrous, obovate or oblanceolate, membranaceous, ob-
tuse, entire, rarely obsoletely repandulous. Umbels acrogenous, nearly
concealed by the leaves. Involucre multifid, glabrous or ciliolate ; flowers
numerous on rather long pedicels.

Patagon., mountains near Lago Traful.

15. A. RANUNCULUS d'Urv.

(Schizeilema.) Glabrous.
FIG. 78.

Azorclla ranunculus. — Leafage, and
magnified flower and fruit. (From
Flora antarctica.~)

(Habitat of Hydrocotyle.}
Falklands, by freshwater ;

"Leaf-segments sometimes

(Speg.)

Stem creeping, nodose, rooting at the
nodes. Leaves long-petioled (25 mm.), ro-
tundate, 4-5-partite, the parts cuneate, trifid,
subsegments rounded ; petioles sheathing at
the base. Peduncles axillary, shorter than
the petioles. Involucral leaves linear subu-
late, longer than the pedicels, toothed on
both sides. Umbel 3-5-flowered. Calyx-
teeth obtuse. Fruit short, ovate, subterete,
contracted at the commissure ; mericarps dor-
sally convex and obtusely 3-ridged. (Fig. 78.)

Staaten I.; Magellan; S. Fuegia. (Dusen.)
linear, sometimes spatulate and dilated."

MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFER^.

631

Fu}

Azorella selago. — Leafy shoot (in centre),
and magnified leaf, and fruit. (From Flora

1 6. AZORELLA SELAGO Hook. f.

Densely cespitose. Stems fastigiate, often elongate, branching, often com-
pact. Leaves closely imbricating, appressed, with cymbiform 3-nerved
amplexicaul petiole ; the limb broad-
coriaceous, concave, 3-7-cleft, long se-
tose-ciliate on the inside ; its segments
oblong, i -nerved, subacute, entire. Um-
bel short-peduncled, 3-flowered, flow-
ers pink ; involucral leaves linear, sub-
acute. Calyx-teeth acute. Fruit ovate,
with long styles ; mericarps compressed
on the slightly convex back, with 5
ridges; contracted at the commissure.
(Fig. 79.)

(The lamina of the leaves are gener-
ally broader than long, concave, with sparse, long hairs internally.
Habit of A. glebaria.]

(The most abundant plant in Kerguelen I.) W. Magellan at Puerto An-
gosto reaching 400 m. altitude above the sea-level. Not rare in the mid
and moist forest mountain regions of western Magellan. (Dusen.)
Fuegia; Staaten I.

A. SELAGO COMPACTA Alboff.

More compact, with narrower columns. Leaf-segments triangular to
lanceolate, acute, mucronulate.
S. Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia.

A. SELAGO PULVINARIS Alboff.

Densely cespitose, pulvinar, dwarf, scarcely 20-25 mm. high. Leaves
minute to 3 mm. long. Otherwise as A. s. compacta.
S. Fuegia, at Rio Grande on Beagle Channel.

17. A. TRIFURCATA (Gaertn.) Hook.

Densely cespitose. Leaves closely imbricated, spreading, recurved,
rigid, oblong, broad above, cleft into 3 subdivaricate, cuspidate lobes ; the
base sheathing; the margins obscurely ciliate, with deciduous hairs.
Umbel subsessile. Involucral leaves small, subulate, subciliate. Fruit
broad-ovate, subterete ; mericarps 5-costate, convex dorsal ly. Calyx ob-
scurely toothed.

632 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

"Rather scarce" (J. D. Hooker); "common over the dry places of the
steppes" (Dusen). Magellan; Fuegia, at Lapataia and Ushuaia; S. Pat-
agon., "In tufts on ground near Coy R., and in dense clumps on the
plain. Forms good fuel." O. A. Peterson, Dec., 1896; W. Patagon.

1 8. AZORELLA UTRICULATA Griseb.

Suffruticose, cespitose. Leaves imbricate, recurvedj their lamina shin-
ing, trifid midway; the lobes linear, acute, mucronate, spreading, the
margins recurved, canaliculate below. The sheaths dilated, ciliate.
Umbel pedunculate. Involucral leaves 5-6, shortly lanceolate, obtuse,
basi-connate. Pedicels as long as the peduncle, in fruit much exserted.
Fruit smooth, shining, utricular, ovoid, obscurely tetragonal. Calyx-teeth
short, at length separating from the mericarps ; which are dorsally flat-
tened, with 5 vittce on the filiform axis.

Magellan.

4. ASTERISCIUM Cham. & Schl.

Glabrous herbs, with erect, branching, few-leaved stems ; also petioled,
palmately cut basal leaves. Umbels simple, the outer flowers male, the
inner fertile and short-pediceled. Calyx-teeth prominent ; petals inflexed
at apex. Style-base small. Fruit dorsally compressed, constricted at the
narrow commissure.

Species 8, Chili and Argentina. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 134.)

i. A. CHILENSE Cham. & Schl.

Glabrous from a woody root, with several terete stems, sulcate-striate,
30 cm. high or more, naked above. Leaves petioled, cuneate, rounded,
mucronate-dentate, 3-lobed. Peduncle canaliculate above, amplexicaul.
Umbels simple, terminal, many-flowered, the involucral bracts about 10,
as long as the pedicels of the central (fertile) flowers ; the marginal (ster-
ile) flowers with long pedicels. Calyx-lobes round-ovate, acuminate,
petals twice as long, elliptical, emarginate. Fruit 4 mm., tetragonous-
prismatic, 4-winged, crowned by the calyx-teeth.

(Chili); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. A. FIMBRIATUM Speg.

Glabrous. Root long, simple. Stem few-leaved; leaves alternate,
petiolate, suborbicular, denticulate-fimbriate, obscurely 5-y-nerved. In-
volucral bracts 5, lanceolate, entire. Umbel simple or compound.

MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFER/E. 633

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine; " pretty."

5. MULINUM Pers.

Cespitose undershrubs, much branching, the branches covered by leaf-
sheaths. Leaves 3-5-cleft, rigid, pungent, or 3-5-partite with obtuse
segments. Umbels sessile or stalked, simple, many-flowered. Involucral
bracts short, free or connate. Calyx-teeth conspicuous. Petals entire,
obtuse. Disk broad, depressed. Fruit dorsally compressed the commis-
sure narrow, biscutate. Mericarps dorsally plane or concave, marginally
wing-formed, convex on the commissural face.

Species 17, Chili, Argent., Patagon.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves trifid.

b. Leaf-segments linear, pungent. Umbels many-flowered, from upper axils ; flowers orange.

leoninum.
b2. Leaf-segments (of cauline leaves) subulate. Umbels 5~7-rayed ; flowers yellow.

proliferum.

b$. Leaf-segments subulate, spiny. Umbels subsessile, ending short branches, ulichmm.
64. Trifid-leaves cuneate, the segments plane-cuspidate. Umbel many-flowered on a short

peduncle. cuneatum.

b$. Trifid leaves imbricating.

c. Leaves mid-size. Umbels subacrogenous, subsessile, few-flowered. Caudex woody.

patagonicum.
c2.. Leaves small, from an ovate pericladium. Flower solitary, quasi-acrogenous.

lycopodiopse.
A2. Leaves trisect, subimbricate, recurved ; segments triangular-linear, obtuse. Umbels with 4-

6 small, yellow flowers. Dioecious. valentini,

A$. Leaves minute, 3-partite, imbricate ; the segments linear-lanceolate, bristle-tipped. Flowers
yellow-red. Caudex woody. imcrophyllum.

A$. Leaves 5 -partite ; the segments lanceolate, pungent. Umbel 10-12 -flowered ; flowers orange.

spinosum.

A$. Leaves 3-5 -palmi-partite, segments oblanceolate, mucronate. Umbels 2 o-flowered ; flowers
white. morenonis.

i. M. CUNEATUM Hook. & Arn. (Fragosa spinosa R. & P.)
Leaves cuneate, trifid ; their segments plane, cuspidate ; their sheaths
long, rigid, ciliate. Umbel briefly peduncled, many-flowered.
(Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

2. M. LEONINUM Lor.

Aromatic. Root woody, multicipital. Leaves trifid, the segments
linear, pungent ; the longer leaves 45 mm. long, the sheaths to 25 mm.

634 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Umbels many-flowered, solitary on axillary peduncles from the upper
leaves. Involucre many-leaved ; its leaves linear-lanceolate, connate at
base, ciliate. Petals orange, broad elliptic, obtuse.
N. Patagon.

3. MULINUM LYCOPODIOPSE Speg.

Glabrous, compact, cespitose. Leaves erect, small, appressed, densely
imbricate, trifid on an ovate pericladium, non-ciliate, entire. Flowers
seemingly acrogenous, solitary. Peduncle short, 3-bracteolate. Fntit
mid-size, ovate.

S. Patagon., high rocks by Rio Chico and Lago Argentine.

Differs from Azorella lycopodioides by the sheaths and petiole being
non-serrate, and especially by the fruit.

4. M. MICROPHYLLUM Pers. (Cav.).

Stem fruticose, 7 cm. high, covered by leaf-sheaths. Cauline leaves
imbricate, minute, 3 partite, the lobes linear-lanceolate, ending in a bristle.
Petioles amplexicaul, basally ciliate. Flowers yellowish-red when dry.

Patagon., by Puerto Deseado.

5. M. MORENONIS (O. Ktze.) Speg. (Huanaca morenonis O. Ktze.)
Stems short, with involute, wooly leaf-sheaths, scarcely 5 cm. high.
Leaves glabrous, palmately 3~5-partite ; segments i cm. long, by i mm.
wide, crass oblanceolate with a setiform mucro. Petiole 2 cm. long, the
sheath i cm. broad. Peduncle solitary, subterminal, 8 cm. Inflorescence
subumbelliform, 2o-flowered, simple. Bracts lanciform, involucrate, re-
flexed. Petals white, ovate, acute. Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit?

Patagon., at confluence of Rio Limay and Rio Neuquen ; along Carren-
leofu. "Like tall forms of M. microphyllum (Pers.)/' DC.

6. M. PATAGONICUM Speg.

Cespitose from a woody caudex, glabrous. Leaves mid-size, erect, im-
bricating, trifid ; the petioles slender broadening below in a pericladium.
Umbels subacrogenous, few-flowered, subsessile. Involucral leaves 3-5,
small. Fruits pyramidal-ovate, twice as long as the pedicels.

N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

7- M. PROLIFERUM Pers.

Root tortuose. Stem 7-10 cm. high. Cauline leaves trifid ; their
segments subulate. Petioles sheathing, glabrous. Umbels 5-7-flowered.

MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFER/E. 635

Involucral leaves distinct, short, slightly spreading. Flowers yellow.
(Perhaps a var. of M. spinosum. Is scarcely proliferous.)
S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado ; Rio Sta. Cruz.

8. MULINUM SPINOSUM Pers.

Stem 15 cm. high. Leaves 5-partite, the segments lanceolate, pungent;
the petioles sheathing the base of the stem. Umbel io-i2-flowered. In-
volucral leaves distinct, short, spreading. Flowers orange.

(Chilian Andes) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos, Nordenskj.; by Lago
Nahuel-huapi (Dusen), and Rio Chubut.

M. SPINOSUM TRIACANTHUM (GHs.) O. KtZC.

Leaves trisect, i cm. long. Umbel more or less sessile.
Patagon.

M. SPINOSUM TRISPINESCENS O. KtZC.

Leaves tripartite ; segment spiniform, usually longer. Umbel pe-
duncled.

(Argentine) ; Patagon.

9. M. ULICINUM Gill. & Hook.

Glabrous, much branched, low, odoriferous. Leaves trifid ; segments
subulate, spiny. Umbels nearly sessile, terminating the very short
branches. Involucral leaves linear-subulate. Petals with an elevated
median line. Fruit elliptic.

(Chili); S. Patagon., by Hatcher near Rio Chico.

IO. M. VALENTINI Speg.

Cespitose, dioecious. Leaves subimbricate, recurved, spreading, rigid,
trisect, the segments triangular-linear, obtuse, sulcate-nervous on upper
surface ; petioles short. Umbels subacrogynous, having 4-6 small, yellow
flowers.

Patagon.; Chubut, near Trelew.

6. SANICULA Linn.

Glabrous herbs, with palmately, 3-7-foliolate or pinnatifid leaves, and
compound, few-rayed umbels, with leafy involucres and small involucels.
Calyx-teeth persisting ; petals obovate with an inflected point. Fruit sub-
globose with hooked bristles or muricate. Oil-tubes 5.

Species 20, N. temperate, and in S. Amer. and S. Africa.

636 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

i. SANICULA GRAVEOLENS Poepp. (S. macrorhiza Colla.)
Leaves bipinnatipartite, very long petioles ; lower divisions petiolulate,
deeply 3-5-pinnatifid, incised-toothed, the teeth cuspidate. Floral
branches long, naked, simple or multifid to subumbellate. Umbellules
2-6, subsessile or long-stalked. Flowers 15-60, crowded, the outer
sterile, subsessile, later pediceled ; the central female, sessile.
(Chili); Chubut, in mountains near Carren-loefu.

2. S. PATAGONICA Speg.

Low, green-glaucescent. Stems erect, 10 cm. high, subfastigiate, obso-
letely subtrichotomous. Leaves 5-3-partite, segments petiolulate, obovate-
cuneate, once or twice tripartite ; lobes narrow, entire, mucronulate. Pe-
duncle surpassing the petioles ; umbels 3~5-rayed ; the rays longer than
the peduncle, and 3-flowered ; flowers with long slender pedicels. Invol-
^lcres and involucels 3-o-leaved, the leaves linear. Achenes densely ver-
ruculose-muricate.

N. Patagon., at confluence of Rivers Limay and Neuquen.

7. ERYNGIUM Linn.

Herbs, usually with spiny-toothed and lobed leaves, and densely bracted
heads or spikes of small flowers. Calyx-teeth sharp. Petals erect, emar-
ginate, without an inflected point. Fruit ovoid, scaly or tuberculate.
Carpels nearly terete.

Species 150, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions,
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8£, p. 136.)

1. E. AGAVIFOLIUM Griseb.

Tall, thickish plant. Leaves parallel-nerved, over i meter long, 15
cm. broad, oblong-linear, acuminate, dentate-pinnatifid, the cauline semi-
amplexicaul ; large and small teeth sometimes alternating. Heads ovoid-
oblong, more than twice as long as the involucre. Invohicral leaves 20.
lanceolate-acuminate, entire, spreading or reflexed. Bractlets lanceolate--
acuminate, pungent, twice as long as the flower.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. E. CHUBUTENSE Neger.

Stemless, root fibrillose, with long-petiolate (10 cm.), tufted, radical
leaves; their segments lobed-toothed ; the lobes coarse or narrow, mucro-

MACLOSKIE I UMBELLIFEFL^. 637

nate ; the terminal segment large. Petiole flat. Upper leaves with shorter
petioles, or subsessile, narrower. Scapes equalling the radical leaves,
dichotomously dividing, with sessile heads in their forkings, the heads
oblong or ovate, having entire, very narrow bracts exceeding them.
Short, linear, pungent pales and sessile flowers.
At Rawson, near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Duse-n.)

3. ERYNGIUM EBRACTEATUM Lam.

To 60 cm. high. Habit of Sangtiisorba. Leaves linear, parallel-nerved,
mostly with distinct ciliate setae. Stem trichotomous-corymbose. Heads
unarmed, cylindric. Involucral leaves and pales entire, shorter than the
flowers.

(S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, in islands and swamps.

4- E. HUMIFUSUM CIOS.

Nearly stemless, cespitose, prostrate ; root fibrilliferous. Radical leaves
petiolate, linear to linear-lanceolate, ciliate-spinose. Peduncles from roots,
often with many equal petioles, or 2-3-times longer, divided. Bracts
linear subulate, ciliate-spinose, exceeding the head. Pales smaller, ob-
long, acute. Flowers sessile.

At Bahia Blanca ; N. Patagon. ?

5. E. PANICULATUM Cav. & Domb.

Stem nearly naked, having umbellate branches at its top, there f-j-
headed. Leaves parallel-nerved, ciliate-spinose. Floral leaves very
short. Involucral leaves 9-10, lanceolate, they and the pales entire.

(Chili ; Brazil ; Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon. Called Sheta by the
Araucanians. It is being exterminated from Buenos Aires, apparently by
the competition of European thistles.

8. OSMORRHIZA Raf, 1818. (Washingtonia Raf., 1818.)
Roots fleshy. Leaves decompound. Umbels few-rayed. Involucre and
involucel of few narrow bracts or none. Flowers white. Fruit narrow,
linear or oblong-linear, attenuated at base. Carpel-ribs subequal.
Species 13, Asia and N. and S. Amer. (Andes).

i. O. BERTERII DC. (O. chilensis Hook. & Arn., Washingtonia berterii.]
Primary petioles often exceeding the leaves. Umbels triradiant ; itm-
bellulcs 2-4, radiate ; pedicels very slender, 24 mm. long. Fruits cylin-
drical.

638 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Valdivia; Patagon.; Magellan, to Cape Horn. "In thickets over the
steppe-land, and on land near the forests."

2. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTONI (Michx. sub Myrrhis], Washingtonia claytoni

Britt., Osmorrhiza brevistylis DC.)

Erect, widely branching above, pubescent. Style-base \ mm. long,
slender, conic, as broad as the fruit but only half as long.

(Himalayas, Siberia, Eastern N. Amer.) ; by Hatcher in Cordilleras of
S. Patagon., and at Punta Arenas.

9. CORIANDRUM Linn. Coriander.

Annual, branching, glabrous herbs, with pinnately dissected leaves, the
basal with ovate, and the cauline with linear ultimate segments. Umbels
compound, few-radiate with no involucre, and with involucel of few fili-
form bracts. Flowers white. Fruit with broad, obtuse, scarcely promi-
nent secondary jugce.
Species 2, Orient.

C. SATIVUM Linn.

Fruit subglobose (not twin).
(Cultivated) ; Patagon.

10. OREOMYRRHIS Endl.

Cespitose, with bi-tripinnate radical leaves, and short, thick peduncles
bearing simple umbels with numerous involucral leaves and white flowers.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, mostly hairy outside. Fruit long-
ovoid, contracted above.

Species 6, S. Amer. and Mex., Austral., Tasman., and N. Zeal.

i. O. ANDICOLA Endl. (Caldaria in DC. Prodr. Myrrhis in Kunth.)
Stems cespitose, hirtellous; from a thick, fleshy, edible rootstock.
Leaves tripinnatipartite, rough. Scapes scarcely twice as long as the
leaves. Umbels io-12-flowered, fasciculate-crowded. Fruits oblong-
obtuse ; the mericarps 5-costate.

(Chili) ; Patagon. (?). (Same as the next?)

2. O. DAUCOIDES Endl. (sub Azorella, d'Urv. in DC. Prodr.).
Leaves all radical, long, pinnatisect, their segments remote, opposite,
shortly pinnatifid ; subsegments alternate, acutely incised. Scapes short

MACLOSKIE : UMBELLIFER^G. 639

(i cm.), hirsute. Umbel with 8-io-leaved involucre; 3-8-flowered.
Leaves scarcely exceeding the scape.

(Mex., Andes); Magellan, S. Fuegia; Falklands.

n. CONIUM Linn. Hemlock.

Tall, glabrous biennials, with spotted stem, pinnately decompound leaves
and many-rayed, compound umbels of small, white flowers. Involucres and
involucels of ovate bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals obcordate. Car-
Pels 5-ribbed, without vittae.

Species 2, one African, and the following :

C. MACULATUM Linn.

Lower leaves petioled ; upper subsessile. Leaflets ovate in outline, the
segments toothed-incised. Petioles dilated-sheathing.

(Eurasia; naturalized in N. Am.) ; N. Patagon., garden-weed near Car-
men de Patagones. Terribly poisonous.

12. APIUM Linn. Parsley.

Glabrous herbs, with pinnately divided leaves, the segments incised and
toothed, and white to yellowish flowers in compound umbels, with or
without involucres. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals ovate ; their apex often
inflected. Fruit laterally compressed, ovate, with prominent ribs, and
vittce mostly i in each interval, also 2 facing the commissure.

Species 20, nearly cosmopolitan, extratropically ; southward in S.
Africa, Australia, Chili, and in Tristan.

I. A. AUSTRALE P. Thou.

Leaves bipinnatisect, their segments cuneiform. Branchlets whorled.
Umbels sessile, crowded.

(Argentina; Tristan); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.
(Is it A. commersonii DC. ?)

2. A. CHILENSE Hook. & Arn.

Stem subterete, scarcely angulate. Leaves patent, bipinnatisect; their
lobes cuneate, subtrifid-incised, entire. Petals apically involute.

(Subsp. of A. graveolens L.?) "Often prostrate in the south and
always mild and wholesome."

S. Chili to Magellan; S. Patagon., at Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher); Killik
Aike (Barnum Brown).

640 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

3. APIUM COMMERSONII DC.

Leaves, pinnatisect, the segments multifid, with narrow linear acute
laciniae. Petals denticulate, with inflexed tip. Styles rather long and
divaricate.

Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; Golfo de San Jorge.

4. A. GRAVEOLENS Linn. Celery.

Basal and lower leaves long-petioled ; others short-petioled to subses-
sile, the segments 3-5, broadly ovate to oval, toothed and incised, 12-16
mm. long. Umbels oppositifoliose and terminal, 3-y-rayed. Involucres
and involucels small or none. Flowers minute, white, on short pedicels.
Fruit oval, its ribs slightly winged.

(Eur.; escaped in N. Amer., Chili; also in S. Africa, Tristan, and
Tasmania); N. Patagon., at Lago Nahuel-huapi ; W. and S. Patagon., by
Dusen & Speg.; abundant at Magellan; Fuegia, passim; Staaten I.;
Falkands.

4. A. LEPTOPHYLLUM (DC.) F. Muell. (A. ammi Jacq., Urb.)

Slender, much branched. Leaves ternately multisect, with capillary
segments. Umbels oppositifoliose, 2-3-rayed, without an involucre. Pet-
als entire, small. Stamens not protruding. Delicate flowers and small
fruit.

(Old World and Amer., chiefly in warm parts, also grown wild in
Austral.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

(Has been variously referred to Sison, Arethusa and Helosciadium.]

5. A. PROSTRATUM Labill. (sub Petroselinum in DC. Prodr.).

Stem procumbent, flexuose. Leaves pinnatisect ; the segments petiolu-
late, pinnatifid ; the subsegments 5-7, lanceolate, and apically trifid.
Umbels subsessile, oppositifoliose; involucre about i -leaved.

(Australia and Tasmania); Magellan? Edible.

6. A. RANUNCULIFOLIUM H. B. & K.

Leaves subternatisect ; their segments obovate-cuneate, the lateral
5-lobed, the intermediate 3-partite ; subsegments 2-3-lobed.

("Apio-a-moron" ; Columbia and coal regions of New Granada); N.
Patagon.

MACLOSKIE: UMBELLIFER^E. 641

13. AMMI Linn.

Stout herbs, with striate stem and thrice-pinnatipartite leaves, and large
many-rayed compound umbels, with large, pinnatipartite involucral-leaves.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals white, unequal, obcordate, radiant, their
apex notched and inflected. Fruit long, the mericarps at length slightly
curved, 5-angled.

Species 6-7, Mediterr. region to the Azores. (Fig/in Eng. and Prantl,

iii, 8. p. 190.)

A. VIZNAGA (L.) Lam.

Annual or biennial. Stem terete, glabrous. Leaves decompound,
their segments linear, cuspidate, divaricate. Rays of umbel at length
contracted and indurate.

(Mediterr. lands to Madeira); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

14. SIUM Linn.

Marsh herbs, with pinnate stem-leaves ; the lower and the radical leaves
often pinnatisect. Flowers white, in large compound umbels. Bracts of
involucre and involucel numerous and narrow. Calyx-teeth visible.
Petals with inflected apex. Styles short. Fruit oval, subcompressed,
with prominent ribs, and 1—3 vittae in the intervals.

Species 8, N. Temperate and S. Africa.

(?) S. LATIFOLIUM Linn.

Root creeping. Stem sulcate-angulate. Leaf-segments lanceolate-
acuminate, unequal at the base, serrate, rarely pinnatifid. Calyx-teeth long.

(Eur., in swamps); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, flowering but never
fruiting in this region.

15. LIL^EOPSIS Greene. (Crantzia Nutt. 1819, non Scop. 1777.)
Small, creeping, glabrous marsh-herbs, with hollow, linear, terete leaves,
transversely nodose ; and simple umbels of white flowers, with minute
calyx-teeth, and petals apically infolded. Carpophore not developed.
Species i, viz:

L. LINEATA Michx.

Petioles linear-spatulate ; no leaf-blades. (Fig. 80.)
(N. and S. Amer.; also in Austral, and New Zeal.); Patagon., by Rio
Negro, and Rio Gallegos ; Magellan, at Gregory Bay ; S. Fuegia ; Falk-

642

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

FIG. 80.

lands, abundant near streams leading
from freshwater lagoons to the sea;
usually buried in the gravel. (Fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, iii, 8, p. 205, is inac-
curate as to the leaves ; better in Britt.
& Br., ii, p. 521.)

1 6. FCENICULUM Linn. Fennel.

Erect, glabrous herbs, with pinnate-
ly decompound leaves, having capil-
lary segments, and compound timbels
of yellow flowers without involucres.
Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals apically
obtuse or retuse. /^^//oblong-terete,
ribbed, vittce solitary in the intervals,
also 2 facing the commissure.

Species 4, Old World.

F. PIPERITUM DC.

Lilceopsis lineata. — • The plant, nearly natural
size; also magnified flower and fruit. (From Leaf-lobes Subulate, very short, rigid,

Flora antarctka.} thick Umbels with 8-io rays. (S.

Eur. to Persia); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

17. LIGUSTICUM Linn. Lovage.

Perennial, glabrous, usually branching herbs with aromatic roots, ter-
nate leaves and large compound umbels of white flowers. Invohicral
bracts narrow, often deciduous ; involucellar bracts linear. Calyx-teeth
obsolete. Stylopodium conical. Fruit oblong-ovoid, not flat ; ribs promi-
nent, with broad valleys intervening ; oil-tubes 2-6 in the valleys.

Species 20, in Northern Hemisphere.

L. PEUCEDANOIDES Presl.

Leaves decompound, their segments linear. Umbels oppositifoliose.
Rays wing-angled. Petals entire.
(Chili); Patagon.

1 8. PASTINACA Linn. Parsnip.

Erect, branching herbs with thick roots ; and the basal and lower stem-
leaves pinnate, having ovate, lobed, and toothed segments. Compound

MACLOSKIE I CORNACE^. 643

umbels or yellow flowers, having neither involucre nor involucels. Fruit
dorsally flattened, with lateral wings.
Species 14, Eurasia.

PASTINACA SATIVA Linn.

A meter high, root fleshy ; plant glabrous or slightly hairy. Umbel-rays
7-15, slender, the pedicels very slender.

(Eur. and cultivated in U. S., naturalized); N. Patagon., islands in Rio
Negro (escaped).

19. DAUCUS Linn. Carrot.

Mostly hispid-pubescent herbs, with pinnately decompound, finely
divided leaves, and compound timbels of white or reddish flowers, having
involucres of pinnatipartite leafy bracts, and involucels of entire or toothed
bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals apically inflected, larger towards
margin of the umbel. Fruit oblong, with barbed prickles on the winged
secondary ribs.

Species 25, widely dispersed.

I. D. AUSTRALIS Poepp.

Stem simple, hispid, the hairs in the lower part reflexed. Leaves bipin-
natisect, hispid ; the segments many-cleft ; their lobules acute, short. In-
volucre multifid, almost surmounting the dense few-rayed umbel. Prickles
of fruit apically glochidiate. Flowers small, probably yellow ; whole plant
also of yellowish hue.

(Chili) ; S. Patagon. ; W. Patagon., on steppes and upwards in the
Aysen Valley. (Dusen.)

2. D. PUSILLUS Michx.

Stem retrorsely hispid at the base, scabrid upwards. Leaves bipinnati-
sect, scabrous, the segments divided into linear subsegments. Involucral
leaves pinnatifid, as long as the small umbel. Prickles of fruit as long as
its breadth, apically glochidiate.

(S. United States) ; N. Patagon., at confluence of Rivers Limay and
Neuquen.

Family 82. CORNACE^. Dogwood Family.

Mostly woody plants, with simple penninerved exstipulate leaves, and
flowers in the Patagonian species dioecious, racemed and 5-merous. Petals

644 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

and stamens inserted on a disk. Calyx adnate to the ovary, which is 3-
celled, its cells i-ovulate. Fruit drupaceous, with long embryo in axis of
fleshy endosperm.

Species 85, most in N. Hemisphere.

GRISELINIA Forst.

Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic or climbing, glabrous, with thickish,
round or angular branches, and rather long, leathery, entire, spiny-toothed
or angled, alternate leaves, the petioles dilated at their base. Flowers
dioecious, 5-merous, small, yellow-green or dark purplish, in smooth or
hairy racemes or panicles ; bracts mostly small and deciduous ; male
flowers with 5 petals and 5 stamens. Style 3-parted or 3 styles.

Species 7, S. Amer. and N. Zeal.

G. RUSCIFOLIA (Clos.) Taub. (sub Decostea, now a section of the genus,

having apetalous female flowers).

Leaves lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base, not entire, often api-
cally 3-toothed with 3 principal, and also secondary veins.

(S. Braz. ; Paraguay ; Chili) ; W. Patagon. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl,
iii, 7, p. 270.)

Family .83. ERICACEAE. Heath Family.

Shrubs, or occasionally herbs, with simple, exstipulate leaves, and reg-
ular, mostly sympetalous flowers, and mostly with hypogynous 5 (-4)'
merous perianth. Stamens twice as many as the corolline divisions (or
by abortion only as many), hypogynous or attached to the very base of
the corolla-tube, the anthers 2-celled, opening by pores or by short slits,
often bearing inferior appendages. Ovary several (3-10, mostly 5) -celled ;
style i. Seeds with endosperm.

Species 1,350, cosmopolitan. The true heaths (Ericoidece] are almost
confined to Africa and the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of the Old
World.

9 Neither the heaths (Ericoideae) nor the Rhododendrons are represented
in Patagonia.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Ovary superior, not adnate to the calyx. Fruit loculicidal. Anthers ending obtusely, or as
short, erect-awned processes.

MACLOSKIE I ERICACEAE.

645

FIG. 8 1.

b. Calyx at length enlarged and fleshy under and around the capsule. Anther-cells pointed

or awned. I. Gaultheria, p. 645.

b2. Calyx not changed after flowering. Fruit a globose berry. 2. Pernettya, p. 645.

Az. Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx. Stamens on the base of the corolla. Anthers mostly

spurred, elongated with subterminal pores. 3. Vaccinium, p. 648.

(Andromeda myrsinites Lam., is Lebetanthus of Epacridacea.}

i. GAULTHERIA Hook. f.

Shrubs, with alternate, evergreen leaves, and small axillary, 5-merous
flowers, with urn- to bell-shaped corolla, lo-staminate at its base, and its
lobes recurved. Anthers opening by a pore, mostly awned. Ovary 5-
celled, enclosed in the fleshy calyx, forming a berry.

Species 100, American, N. and S.; also in the Orient, and in the Him-
alayas at elevations ; in S. E. Australia, Tasmania, and New Zeal. In
Antarctic regions this genus and Pernettya replace the northern Arbutus.

G. MICROPHYLLA Hook. f. (G. antarctica, Pernettya microphylla Gaud.)

Low, branching, the branches slender setose.
Leaves broad ovate or oblong, obtuse, thickened
on the margins, obscurely serrate. Pedicels
short, fasciculate, i -flowered, recurved. Corolla
globose, white. Berries red or white, with a
pleasant aromatic taste. (Fig. 81.)

Magellan; Fuegia; Staaten I., Falklands.

2. PERNETTYA Gaud.

Gaultheria microphylla. Flow-
LOW, evergreen Shrubs, with COriaceOUS, OVate- ering branch, with magnified floral

lanceolate, usually serrate leaves, and small, organs, and (on right) stamen, and

mostly solitary flowers nodding on long axillary

pedicels having scale-like bracteoles. Calyx

free from the ovary, scarcely enlarged in fruit. Corolla urn-shaped,

shortly 5-lobed, io-stamin«ite at its base. Disk 10- or 5-lobed. Berry

large, globular, seeds numerous.

Species 26, most in the Andes ; with stragglers in Brazil, Tasmania,
and New Zeal. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, i, p. 46.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves lanceolate, spiny-serrate, small, crowded, flowers minute, on axillary pedicels.

parvifolia.
A2. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate -acuminate, serrate. angnstifolia.

646 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS'. BOTANY.

A$. Leaves linear-elliptical, thick. Racemes on branches. patagonica.

A^. Leaves narrow-ovate, mucronate-acuminate, serrate. mucronata.
A^. Leaves oblong, acuminate both ways, apically spinose, obscurely serrate. Flowers many,

mostly ending the branches. palena.

A6. Leaves oblong, mucronate, entire. Peduncles i -flowered, axillary. philippiana.
A"j. Leaves ovate, subentire, distichous. Pedicels I -flowered, axillary.

b. Leaves petiolate, obtuse. Branches velvety to rusty. chubutensis.

b2. Leaves subsessile, subacute, imbricate ; edges beveled. empetrifolia.

AS. Leaves broad, broader downwards. .furens.

i. PERNETTYA ANGUSTIFOLIA Lindl.

Erect, branching, the branches minutely puberulous and angulate ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acuminate, remote, serrate, glabrous,
i-nerved. Pedicels axillary, solitary, i-flowered, half as long as the leaf;
glabrous, naked ; bracteolate only at the very base. Leaves half as large
as in P. phillyrecefolia, and less rigid. Flowers yet smaller, and pedicels
bursting from some bracteoles, for half their length, or more scaly and
imbricate.

(Chili, near Valdivia). Patagonia? " Like P. philippiana (Phil.)
Speg., but the branches are not wandlike and the leaves are serrate."

2. P. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Shrub, with sordid, ferruginously puberulent branches, the branchlets
covered with golden velvet. Leaves distichous, ovate, shortly petioled,
margins scarcely revolute, entire, apex obtuse ; rigid, but not coriaceous,
dull pulverulent on the epiphyll, glabrous on the hypophyll. Flowers
solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, pediceled, puberulous.

Patagon., Chubut, in rocky elevated shrubberies.

FIG. 82. 3- P- EMPETRIFOLIA Gaudich.

Cespitose-diffuse, much branching. Leaves sessile, dis-
tichous, finely cartilaginous-serrulate, scarcely acute, im-
bricate ; the pedicel longer, several-bracteolate, erect. Flow-
ers white. Berries (of P. pumila Hook.) "like berries of
bilberry." (J. Ball.) (Fig. 82.) (Leaf-edges beveled rev-
olute—G. M.)

Penuttya cm- /g chjjn Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Falklands. Prostrate

petrifolia, slightly ' ' \ ' .

reduced. stems sometimes 6 meters long. Both pink and white ber-

ries ; also with cones representing diseased shoots caused
by puncture of an insect. Bushels of the berries can be collected, and

MACLOSKIE I ERICACEAE.

647

they are cooked as huckleberries. The leaves of Fuegian specimens are
small and densely imbricated.

S. Patagon., J. B. Hatcher (determined in Royal Gardens, Kew).

PERNETTYA EMPETRIFOLIA LEUCOCARPA (DC.) (P. leucocarpa DC.)
Probably a form of P. empetrifolia, having the pedicels shorter than the
leaves.
Magellan.

P. EMPETRIFOLIA PUMILA (Hook).

Low, leaves smaller, closely imbricating. Probably the same as P.
empetrifolia.

Magellan; Staaten Is. Fuegia (Wilkes Exped.).

4. P. FURENS Klotsch.
Leaves broad-oval, broader downwards.
(Peru) ; W. Patagon. (?).

FIG. 83.

P ' ernettya
muc r o n at a ,
slightly reduced.

5. P. MUCRONATA (Linn, f.) Gaud.

Erect, branching, glabrous ; leaves narrow-ovate, serrate,
mucronate-acuminate. (Fig. 83.)

Patagon., Cabo Negro by Hatcher; Magellan; Fuegia
passim, to Cape Horn. " One of the most abundant of Fue-
gian plants ; having cones from insect-punctures, as P. em-
petrifoliar (J. D. Hooker.)

W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi and Rio Aysen
(Dusen) ; Fuegia (B. Brown). "Varying much in height and
in the size and thickness of the leaves. Fruit red or black-
ish, sweet or bitter, small or large, but always edible." (Speg.)

6. P. PALEN^E Phil.

Branches slender. Leaves almost membranous, oblong, equally acu-
minate both ways, yet the apex spinose-cuspidate, obscurely serrate. Flowers
numerous on the ends of branches or on nearly capillary peduncles.

At Rio Palena, in S. Chili; S. Patagon. by Lago Argentine (Speg.);
Chubut.

7. P. PARVIFOLIA Phil.

Low shrub, much branching, cespitose, 20 cm. high. Leaves small, 7
mm. long, crowded, imbricating, lanceolate, spiny-serrate, carinate.

648 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Peduncles axillary, equalling the leaf. Diam. of corolla scarcely 3 mm.
Fruit?

Magellan, near Punta Arenas.

(P. serpyllifolia DC. with branchlets hispid, is Gaultheria microphylla,
fide Index Kew.)

8. PERNETTYA PATAGONICA Speg.

Densely fastigiate-branching, glabrous. Leaves linear-elliptical, atten-
uate both ways, scarcely denticulate, thickly coriaceous, only the primary
nerve conspicuous, not mucronate. Flowers subracemose on the ends of
the branches. Peduncles slender, about as long as the leaves, scarcely
bracteolate at their base.

S. Patagon., near Lago Argentine.

9. P. PHILIPPIANA (P. buxifolia Phil, non Mart. & Gal.). Speg.

Leaves oblong-elliptical, mucronate, subentire, veinless on upper sur-
face, 21 mm. long by 6 mm. broad. Branches wand-like. Peduncles i-
flowered, axillary, not half as long as the leaf, twice as long as the corolla.

(Chili, Cordillera of Nahuel-buta) ; S. Patagon.; elevated shrubberies
near Lago Argentine.

3. VACCINIUM Linn. Blue-berry, Huckle-berry.

Mostly branching shrubs, with alternate, often coriaceous leaves, and
small flowers in racemes or clusters or solitary. Calyx-tube adnate to
the ovary, persistent. Corolla 4-5-toothed, superior. Stamens 8-10,
anthers opening by terminal pores or chinks. Ovary-cells several-ovu-
late ; style simple, straight ; berry globular.

Species 125, widely distributed.

V. ULIGINOSUM Linn.

15-60 cm. high. Leaves glabrous, subsessile, pale underneath, ovate
or oval, obtuse or retuse, basally narrowed, entire, finely veined, 10-25
mm. long. Flowers 2-4, or i, near the ends of the branches, shorter
than the drooping pedicels, 4-5-merous, with ovoid or urn-shaped corolla.
Anthers dorsally awned. Berry blue, with a bloom.

(Eurasia and Canada.)

MACLOSKIE : EPACRIDACE/E. 649

VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM PATAGONICUM n. var.

Low shrub, 15 cm., with smaller, crowded leaves, 6 mm. long. "With
red edible berries."

Cordilleras of S. Patagon., by J. B. Hatcher, Feb., 1897.

Family 84. EPACRIDACE^E.

As Ericacece ; but usually with i -celled anthers, and stamens isomerous
with the corolline lobes, and often inserted in the corolla-tube. Sepals
not united, but the South American genus has hypogynous stamens,
with 2-celled anthers.

Species 300, in S. Australia, Tasman.; N. Zeal., with some species in
New Caledonia, Himalaya to Malaya, Fiji, Hawaiia ; and in Patagonia
and Fuegia.

LEBETANTHUS Endl.

Glabrous, subscandent undershrub, with small, distichous, evergreen
leaves, ovate, acute, serrate ; and axillary short-pediceled, solitary flowers
as long as the leaves. Calyx enclosed in large bracts. Corolla subcam-
panulate. Stamens hypogynous ; their anthers 2-celled.

Species 2, Antarctic Amer.

Lebetanthus is closely related to Prionotes of Tasmania; J. D. Hooker
calls attention to the fact that they both affect a moist woo'dy region,
contrary to the habit of both Epacridacese and Ericaceae.

I. L. AMERICANOS Elldl.

Leaves subsessile, coriaceous, subparasitical. (Figs, in Eng. & Prantl,
iv, i, p. 72.)

Patagon.; Staaten I.; W. Magellan, at Puerto Angusto (Dusen);
Fuegia (Fuegian name Kapa).

2. L. MYRSINITES (Lam. sub Andromeda; Pernettya microphylla Gaud.).

Prostrate, much branching, glabrous. Leaves short-petioled, ovate,
acute, obtusely serrate, rusty, venulose underneath.
Magellan; W. Patagon.

650 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Family 85. PRIMULACE.E. Primrose Family.

Herbs, with regular, usually sympetalous, 5-merous, inferior flowers,
having mostly epipetalous stamens, as many as the corolline divisions and
opposite them (sometimes also with an outer alternate series of staminal
rudiments). Ovary superior (half-inferior in Samolus], i-celled and i-
styled ; with free-central placenta. Seeds numerous, with endosperm.

Species 350, in the Northern Hemisphere ; and a few in S. Africa, and
S. Amer.

KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Ovary superior ; no staminal rudiments.

b. Corolla-tubes imbricating. Flowers often in involucrate umbels.

c\. Corolla-tube exceeding the calyx ; style slender. i. Primula, p. 650.

cz. Corolla minute ; style short. 2. Androsace, p. 651.

b2. Corolla minute ; its lobes contorted. Small plants ; leaves mostly opposite.

ci. Fruit opening by valves. Corolla 5-lobed. 5. Aster olinum, p. 653.

c2. Fruit circumscissile. Corolla 4~5-lobed. 6. Anagallis, p. 653.

£3. Corolla exceeding the calyx, 5-6-partite. 4. Lysimachia, p. 652.

A2. Ovary half-way adnate to calyx. Staminal rudiment mostly between the stamens. Style
short. 3. Samolus, p. 652.

i. PRIMULA Linn. Primrose.

Scapose herbs, with basal leaves, and funnel- or salver-form corolla, its
tube exceeding the calyx. Stamens 5, included. Ovary superior, glo-
bose or ovoid. Style slender ; stigma capitate. Seeds numerous, peltate.
Capsule 5~valved at summit.

Species 150, mostly N. Temperate; a few in Java and Magellan.

i. P. FARINOSA Linn.

Leaves spatulate or oblong, 3-10 cm. long, tapering to a petiole, crenu-
late, greenish above, white-mealy beneath. Scape much exceeding the
leaves, bearing an umbel of pink or lilac, or whitish flowers, with an in-
volucre of minute acute bracts. (Eurasia and Greenland to Canada.)

P. FARINOSA MAGELLANICA (Lehm.) Hook. f. (P. magellanica Lehm.)

More robust and its leaves more deeply toothed than in the arctic and
European species. Leaves venous, ovate-lanceolate or rhomboid, gla-
brous, crenate, subobtuse, mealy below. Sepals lanceolate, subobtuse,
glandular-ciliate. Flowers white.

MACLOSKIE : PRIMULACE/E. 651

Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn, Falklands, by Hatcher in S. Patagon.,
near Rio Sta. Cruz.

Not found in the Rain-forest zone, nor in the Andes. " The Falkland
Is. specimens are more normal than those at Magellan or in Fuegia. The
species is not found elsewhere in S. America, nor in N. America save
in the Arctic regions and in the Mountains of Colorado. Thus it has
passed a gap of many thousands of miles to reach the two stations of
Magellan and the Falklands."

2. ANDROSACE Linn.

Low herbs, with tufted, basal leaves, and terminal, involucrate, simple
umbels of small, white or yellow flowers. Calyx 5-lobed ; stamens in-
serted in the very short corolla-tube; filaments and anthers short.
Stigma capitellate. Capsule 5-valved.

Species 50, chiefly European. (Figs. E, F, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, i, p.
109.)

i. A. OCCIDENTALIS Pursh.

Minutely pubescent, 20 mm. high, with root 25 mm. long. Acaules-
cent, with slender root, and open rosulate circle of oblong-ovate or spatu-
late, sessile leaves; and naked scapes bearing each an involucrate umbel
of small, white or pink flowers. Calyx persistent, obpyramidal, 5~cari-
nate, its 5 lobes twice as long as the ripe capsule. Corolla small, hya-
line, its lobes truncate, notched. Involucral bracts resembling the basal
leaves.

(Mountains of Colorado to New Mexico); S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet, by
J. B. Hatcher. There is a characteristic yellow band crossing the flowers
on the dark-green involucre-leaves and the similarly colored calyx-seg-
ments. (G. M.)

2. A. SEPTENTRIONALIS Linn.

Stemless. Leaves rosulate, lance-ovate, denticulate, subciliate, vari-
ously entire or toothed or pinnatifid, sometimes narrowing to a winged
petiole. Scapes numerous, each many-flowered, the young pilose, after-
wards glabrous. Involucre minute, its bracts lanceolate, acute. Pedicels
long, filiform. Calyx campanulate, scarcely 5-cleft, with acuminate seg-
ments. Corolla limb small, just exceeding the calyx, its lobes obtuse.

(Eurasia, mountains and Arctic; N. Amer., Arctic and North-west); S.
Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

652 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

3. SAMOLUS Linn. Brook-weed.

Glabrous perennials, with entire, alternate or rosulate leaves, and small
white or purplish, perigynous flowers, mostly racemed. Stamens nearly
always with 5 intermediate rudiments.

Species 10, widely distributed, especially in S. Africa and Australia;
few in N. Amer., W. Indies, S. Amer. and N. Zeal. S. valerandi Linn.,
is almost cosmopolitan in temperate climates.

i. S. LITTORALIS Brown.

Stem branching, the branches procumbent, leafy. Leaves spatulate-
ovate to lance-linear, decreasing upwards, submucronate, entire, the lower
slightly petioled. Flowers axillary at the ends of the branches ; pedicels
bractless, inflexed, twice as long as the leaf. Calyx half as long as the
corolla, its segments narrow, acuminate.

(Austral., New Zeal.; Chili; Chonos Archip.); Patagon., Cape Tres
Montes.

2. S. SPATHULATUS (Cav.) Duby. (Plate XXI.)

Leaves radical, rosulate, spatulate, terminally very broad and obtuse,
or nearly obcordate. Flowers racemose, with a linear, acute bractlet close
to each flower. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Staminal rudiments
subulate, shorter than the included stamens.

S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado, in moist localities; at Gregory Bay;
by Hatcher in Valley of Rio Sta. Cruz, flowering Jan. 10. Fuegia.

4. LYSIMACHIA Linn. Loosestrife.

Erect or creeping herbs, with opposite or alternate or whorled leaves,
and axillary or terminal inflorescences. Calyx and corolla 5-6-partite,
hypogynous. Stamens 5-6, on base of corolla-tube, the filaments bearded
and often uniting below, and anthers obtuse ; sometimes with staminodes.
Capsule subglobular, not circumscissile. Style filiform, with obtuse stigma.
Seeds few or many, half-anatropous.

Species 60, chiefly in temperate regions ; some in Australia, S. Amer.,
and Polynesia.

I. L. MARGINATA n. S. (Fig. 84.)

Dwarf annual, with long, filiform roots and short stems, bearing alter-
nate subsessile, entire, elliptical, glabrous leaves, 5 by 4 mm., subcus-

MACLOSKIE : PRIMULACE^E.

653

pidate, the leaf-nerves branching from the mid- FlG- 84-

rib, and reuniting submarginally, so as to produce
a veinless margin, }£ mm. broad. Flowers soli-
tary in the axils, on short pedicels ; sepals ovate-
lanceolate, pale-greenish, imbricate ; petals larger,
y-veined, pinkish. Stamens 5, inserted on base
of petals, cohering in a column half-way up,
antipetalous, anthers connivent. Filaments with
yellow-stalked glands at base. Ovary superior,
globular; style i, 3 mm. long, unbranched, trun-
cated. Ovules numerous, on free central placenta.
S. Patagon., by J. B. Hatcher.

5. ASTEROLINUM Link. & Hoffmans.

Small annuals with opposite leaves, and minute flowers, solitary on
axillary peduncles. Calyx-segments awned-mucronate, exceeding the
convolute corolla-lobes. Capsule globose, valved. Seeds few. Species
5, Mediterranean Region and South America.

Lysimachia marginata. — Leaf

< 12.

A. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (Poir) Ball.

Stem erect, much branching. Leaves lanceolate, acute,
shorter than the leaves.

(S. Europe, Argentine) ; N. and S. Patagon.

Peduncles

6. ANAGALLIS Linn. Weather-glass.

Branching, mostly glabrous herbs, with mostly opposite, sessile or sub-
sessile, entire or subentire leaves, and small, axillary, peduncled 5-merous
flowers. Corolla rotate, exceeding the calyx. Capsule globose, circum-
scissile

Species 15, Eurasian; i introduced to N. Amer.

I. A. ALTERNIFOLIA Cav.

Stem stoloniferous, creeping, much branching, leafy. Leaves alternate,
thick, ovate-lanceolate, attenuate both ways, glabrous, acute or mucronate,
crowded, sessile, or the lower subpetiolate. Peduncles slender, erect, as
long as the leaves. Corolline-segments lanceolate, obtuse, twice as long
as the calyx. Filaments bearded below. Capsule half as long as the calyx.

(Chili) ; Chubut, swampy meadows ; Staaten Is.

654 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

ANAGALLIS ALTERNIFOLIA DENSIFOLIA.

Leaves and stem smaller and more crowded than in the species. More
succulent. Capsule larger.

Magellan, Staaten Is. ; Falklands.

Family 86. PLUMBAGINACE^:. Leadwort Family.

Herbs, with regular 5-merous, sympetalous or choripetalous flowers;
stamens equal and opposite to the lobes of the corolla ; ovary superior,
i -celled, 5~3-styled. Fruit with one pendulous seed on a long funicle
arising from the base. Seed endospermous.

The priorities compel us, following Britton & Brown, to include under
the genus Statice forms with unbranched scapes, hairy styles and narrow
leaves, reducing Armeria to its original status as a specific name ; and
Limonitim as a genus will include the forms with branched scape, smooth
styles, and broad leaves.

i. STATICE Linn., 1753. (ArmeriaW., 1809, in Gray's Manual, in
Benth. & Hook, and in Eng. & Prantl.) Seapink, Thrift.

Tufted, fleshy herbs, with slender, mostly naked, simple scapes, with
narrow, basal, rosulate leaves, and dense, terminal heads of small, subses-
sile flowers, having scarious bracts and bractlets ; the lower bracts form-
ing an involucre, 2 of them reflexed and partly united. Calyx funnelform,
lo-ribbed, 5-toothed. Petals 5, separate or connate. Stamens on the
base of the petals. Styles filiform, hairy, united below. Utricle 5-pointed.

Species 20, Europe, and around the Mediterr. and N. and S. Amer.

i. S. ARMERIA Linn. (Armeria vulgaris W., A. andina Poepp.)

Glabrous. The root sending up few, very turgid, leafy-sheathed rosules ;
leaves fleshy, linear, as broad as the scape, or broader, plane, obtuse,
i -nerved. Scapes tall, thick. Invohicral leaves broad, black, the lowest
triangular-lanceolate, acute often equalling the inner, which are obtuse
and broadly margined.

(Calif, and higher Chilian Andes) ; Magellan., Port Famine ; S. Patagon.
by J. B. Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, Dec. 30, 1896 (the involucral leaves
light brown) ; by O. A. Peterson at Rio Coy, Dec. 13.

MACLOSKIE : PLUMBAGINACE.-E. 655

2. STATICE BELLA (Alboff. sub Armerid].

Cespitose, 5-10 cm. high. Rhizome vertical, multicipital ; the stem-
bases amid dead leaves. Leaves narrower than the scape, i -nerved,
dilated at base, glabrous or subciliolate. Scapes low, one and one half as
high as the leaves, pubescent. Heads elegant, red, variegated with gold
and white. Involucre red, its outer bracts obtuse, inner bracts longer and
gold-edged. Calyx obconical, pilose on nerves. Corolla segments lance-
olate-spatulate or oblong. Heads spherical.

Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia.

3. S. CHILENSIS (Boiss. sub Armerid]. (S. cespitosa Poir.)

With many heads; sheaths of dead leaves crowding at base. Leaves
linear-setaceous, narrower than the tall, slender scape ; flexuose, i -nerved,
striate when dry, usually glabrous. Involucral leaves scarious, pale
brown, the lowest narrow, acute.

(Chilian Mts.) ; Chubut; S. Patagon., by O. A. Peterson, on pampas by
Coy Inlet, Nov. 13; by J. B. Hatcher at Cabo Negro, Jan. 13. (Non-
puberulous.)

S. CHILENSIS MAGELLANICA (Boiss).

Puberulous.

Patagon., at mouth of Rio Chubut; valley of Rio Gallegos (Nor-
denskj.) ; W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen and Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen) ;
Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Staaten Is. Most of the genus in the
Magellan lands belong to this variety.

4. S. MACLOVIANA (Cham, sub Armerid].

Glabrous ; the root producing a few leafy-sheathed rosules, leaves fleshy,
linear, as broad as the scape, plane, obtuse, i -nerved. Scape low, thick-
ish, outer invohicral leaves very broad, herbaceous, triangular-ovate ; inner
ones rounded, broad-scarious.

Falklands (referred to Static e armeria by Hooker f., which is unknown
in Antarctic Amer.) ; S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson) ; Killik Aike
(B. Brown, Dec. 25, 1899.)

5 S. PATAGONICA (Phil.).

Cespitose. Leaves hirtellate, shorter and narrower than the rather
long scape. Involiicral leaves membranous, red ; the lowest ovate, sub-

656 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

mucronate ; the others generally orbicular, muticous. Calyx-teeth triangu-
lar, cuspidate ; calyx-ribs long-hirsute.

Height 17 cm. Leaves to 8 cm. by i mm.

S. Patagon., by Bahia Grande.

2. LIMONIUM Adans., 1763. (Statice Willd., 1798,

and Benth. & Hook, etc.)

Herbs, mostly with flat, basal leaves; and minute flowers in i-3-flowered,
bracted spikelets, arranged in paniculate, i -sided, branching scapes. Calyx
usually lo-ribbed, 5-toothed. Petals 5, clawed ; stamens adnate to their
base. Fruit indehiscent, or with a lid, or dehiscing irregularly. Styles
distinct ; stigma bare.

Species 120, cosmopolitan.

i. L. BRASILIENSE (Boiss. sub Statice] O. Ktze.

Glabrous Leaves oblong, i -nerved, obtuse or retuse, attenuate-petio-
late. Scape tall, fistular, paniculately branching. Bracts red-margined,
carinate, mucronate.

(S. Brazil.)

L. BRASILIENSE ANTARCTICUM Boiss.

Low and corymbose ; bracts shorter than in the normal species, obtuse.

N. Patagon., in salt-marshes. "Guaicuru" of the natives who make

from its roots a red decoction, using it as medicine for the blood. (J. Ball.)

2. L. PATAGONICUM (Speg. Sub Statice].

Perennial, with a woody caudex. Leaves lanceolate or obovate, long-
petiolate, thickish. Scapes terete below, simple, corymbosely branching
above, 15—20 cm. high. Branchlets slender, straight. Spikelets 2-
flowered, 1-2 cm. long, lax, shorter than the broad, membranaceous, lower
bracts. Calyx-tube with 5 hispid ribs ; its limb pale-lilac.

Patagon., salt marshes by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Salado, near San
Julien.

Family 87. SAPOTACE.E.

Trees and shrubs, with milky juice and usually alternate, exstipulate,
petiolate, simple, entire leaves, pinnately-veined ; and rather small, axillary,
hermaphrodite, regular flowers. Calyx 2 + 2, or 3 + 3-merous, imbricate,

MACLOSKIE : OLEACE^E. 657

slightly connate. Corolla sympetalous, hypogynous, its lobes as many as
of the calyx, imbricating, often appendaged. Stamens 2-3-whorled, in-
serted on the corolla-tube, the outer whorl often more or less abortive, or
wanting. Ovary with as many cells as the corolla-lobes, each i-seeded.
Fruit usually a berry.

Species 325, chiefly in tropical countries (including Gtittapercha, the
Cow-tree, and others of economic interest).

POUTERIA Aublet.

Trees or shrubs, with often short-petioled, small, fascicled leaves, the
nerves curving inside the margin. Calyx-leaves 2 + 2, decussate. Corolla
with 4 rounded lobes and a tube twice their length. Stamens 4, inserted
in the corolla-tube, opposite the corolla lobes ; and also intermediate ob-
long staminodes. Ovary hairy, 4-2-celled, with simple style, becoming a
hairy or glabrous capsule.

P. SPLENDENS (DC. sub Lucuma).

Leaves nearly opposite, or alternate, elliptical, obtuse at both ends,
edges revolute, upper surface glabrous, lower silky. Pedicels as long as
the petioles, exceeding the flowers. Calyx-leaves rusty-velvety, the outer
pair broader. Cetera desunt.

Patagon.

Family 88. OLEACE^E. Olive Family.

Usually shrubs or trees, with opposite, exstipulate leaves (pinnate or
simple) ; and regular, sympetalous, 4-merous, rarely 5-6-merous, flowers
(sometimes apetalous) ; with 2 epipetalous stamens and a superior, 2-
celled, mostly few-seeded ovary. Seeds usually with endosperm.

Species 500, widely distributed in trop. and temp, regions.

MENODORA Humb. & Bonp.

Herbs or undershrubs, with calyx 5~i5-lobed ; corolla broad, 5-6-lobed,
and ovary on a fleshy gynobase, becoming a circumscissile capsule. Sta-
mens 2, rarely 3. Placenta on septum.

Species 15, N. W. Amer. southwards through Mex. and the Andes ; 2
sp. in S. Africa. (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iv, 2, p. 15.)

658 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

i. MENODORA ROBUSTA (Benth.) A. Gray.

Calyx 5-6 lobed, its lobes triangular, half as long as the tube. Corolla
campanulate or funnelform, lobes acutish. Filaments filiform, as long as
the corolla ; anthers muticous. Cells of fruit 2-seeded.

Patagon., at Rawson. " A low, half-meter high, very dense, branching
and spinose, almost leafless weed ; with abundant bright yellow flowers."
(Dusen.)

2. M. TRIFIDA Cham. & Schl.

Leaves linear ; trisect-pinnatifid or most of them entire ; their margin
and the angles of the slender branches scabrid. Flowers rather rare,
capsule scarcely exceeding the height of the calyx, circumscissile.

(Brazil; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.; near Rio Negro.

Family 89. LOGANIACE^E.

Herbs, shrubs or trees, with opposite, entire, stipulate leaves (or with a
stipular membrane or line) ; and 4-5-merous, sympetalous flowers, stamens
as many as and alternate with the corolla-lobes, epipetalous ; ovary supe-
rior, 2- (rarely 3-5-) celled; style I, stigmas distinct, or united below.
Seeds several ; with large endosperm.

Species 400, chiefly in warm countries.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

1. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Cymes dense or globose. Plants stellately-tomentose.

1. BuddUia, p. 658.

2. Fruit a berry. Flowers large, solitary. Glabrous, with spiny-toothed leaves.

2. Dcsfontainea, p. 659.

i. BUDDLEIA Linn. (Buddlea.]

Mostly stellate-tomentose trees or shrubs, with axillary or terminal cymes
or heads of 4-merous flowers. Capsule septicidally 2-valved.

Species 70, chiefly in S. Amer. ; some in S. Afr. and S. Asia. (Figs, in
Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, p. 47.)

i. B. GLOBOSA Lam.

Shrub 3 m. high, rusty tomentose, with shortly petioled leaves, 8-10
cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenulate, basally nar-

MACLOSKIE : LOGANIACE^E. 659

rowed, upper surface glabrous, rugose. Heads globose, orange, as large
as a cherry, densely many-flowered, in long-peduncled, terminal racemes.
(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon., Chubut.

2. BUDDLEIA INTERMEDIA Lorentz.

Tomentum rusty. Branches tetragonal. Leaves oblong, acuminate
both ways, serrate, pilose above. Inflorescence terminal ; its branches
short, spreading; glomerules sessile.

(Mexico) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. B. LUC^E Nied.

Shrub, with many small, densely intricate branches. Leaves numerous,
decussate; oblong or lanceolate or elliptical, entire; small, to 14 mm.
long by 2-4 mm. broad; stellately hairy on midrib below. Flowers 1-3,
in axils. Cetera?

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. B. NAPPII Lorentz.

Shrub nearly 2 meters high. With globose heads, each on the apex
of a long peduncle. Leaves white-woolly on both surfaces ; crowded
chiefly at the apex of the branches ; lanceolate, alternate near the apex ;
entire or subcrenate, sessile ; large, 5 by i cm. Wool of 4-rayed stellate
hairs.

N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. DESFONTAINEA Ruiz & Pav.

Glabrous shrub, with spinose-toothed leaves, as of Holly, and showy-
pink, peduncledyfow/'.s, solitary at the ends of the branches, or in dichot-
omies. Seeds numerous, on zy\\z placenta ; fruit a berry.

The only species.

D. SPINOZA Ruiz & Pav.

Flowers tubular, scarlet (often pierced by a species of insect Bombus).

(Andes from new Granada southwards); E. and W. Magellan; Deso-
lation I., at Puerto Angosto ; Staaten I. (Fig. A-C in Eng. & Prantl,
iv, 2, p. 49. A puzzling form, referred by botanists to various families.)

660 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Family 90. GENTIANACE^:. Gentian Family.

Glabrous herbs, with opposite, rarely alternate, or whorled, entire,
exstipulate leaves, and variously cymose, 4-5-merous, sympetalous flowers ;
stamens as many as, and alternate with the coralline divisions, epipetalous.
Ovary superior, i- (or partly 2-) celled, with 2 placenta, and many endo-
spermous seeds.

Species 600, chiefly of temperate regions.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

1 . Flowers not large, cymose or spicate. Calyx-lobes narrow, long. Corolla salverform. Anthers

twisting when old. Style filiform. I. Erytkraa p. 660.

2. Flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes not divided half-way. Corolla funnel- to bell-form.

Anthers straight. Style short, persisting. 2. Gentiana p. 660.

i. ERYTHR^A Neck. Centaury.

Flowers small or mid-sized, numerous in cymes or spikes. Calyx-lobes
narrow, long. Corolla salverform, pink to yellowish. Anthers twisting
when old. Style filiform, deciduous.

Species 25 ; in Eurasia, and W. of America.

E. CHILENSIS Pers.

Stem slender, ascending or erect. Leaves various ; the lower oblong,
more or less long, acute ; the upper linear, narrowed both ways, obtusish.
Panicle frequently dichotomous, lax. Flowers long pediceled, remote
from the leaves. Corolla 5-4-cleft, its tube as long as the calyx ; its lobes
elliptic, oblong, obtuse. Capsule i -celled.

(Common in Chili, in grassy places ; and near Buenos Aires) ; probably
in N. Patagon.

2. GENTIANA Linn. Gentian.

Erect, with calyx 5-, rarely 4-cleft, not divided down to the middle;
corolla tubular to funnelform, occasionally with extra lobes in the angles.
Anthers remaining straight. Style usually short and persisting. Flowers
mostly blue or purple to white ; rarely yellow.

Species 300, cosmopolitan, abounding in mountains of the N. Tem-
perate zone and on the Andes ; also in the Arctic regions, in South Aus-
tralia, Tasmania, and New Zealand and Patagonia.

MACLOSKIE I GENTIANACEyE.

66 1

The American species belong chiefly to the section Gentianella, which
has sepals imbricately connate below, without intracalycine membrane;
calyx-tube not unilaterally divided ; corolla with 1-2 nectaries for each
petal, often fringed at its throat, and with 5-7-9 veins for
each petal.

i. GENTIANA MAGELLANICA Gaud.

Stem rather strict, sparsely branching, angled. Cyme
lax, corymb-like. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-spatulate,
margin rough, upper leaves acutish, lower obtuse. Calyx
deeply 4-cleft, its lobes ovate, acute, nearly equaling the
corolla. Corolla-lobes 4, oblong, obtuse, erect.

S. Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz. ; Magel-
lan, annual in S. Fuegia and Falklands.

2. G. PATAGONICA Griseb.

Stem rather strict, branching, angled. Cymes lax, race-
miform. Leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong and spatu-
late-obtuse, margin smooth. Calyx 4-cleft, its lobes ovate,
acute, half as long as the corolla-lobes. Corolla blue?
slender, salverform ; its lobes ovate-oblong, subacute,
equalling the tube. (Fig. 85.)

Magellan ; Fuegia, passim. ; in steppes by the moderate
rainy-forest region. S. Patagon., by Hatcher in low, wet
.ground near Rio Sta. Cruz, Jan. 9. The flowers of the
Hatcher forms are yellowish-purple, and 4- and 5-merous
in the same inflorescence. A more slender form, got by
Hatcher on the Cordilleras of S. Patagon., has the corolla
narrower, and the stems more sharply angled (see var. Genttana pata-

.... gomca. — Flower,

gracihs below). nearly natural slze>

"I cannot distinguish G. patagonica and G. mage!- and magnified fruit.

lanica; an opinion which Grisebach seems to have held." (From Flora ant~

/T~. , . arctica.)

(rranchet.)

"G.pafagomca differs from the Tasmanian and New Zealand G. mon-
tana Forst, only by rather broader and more obtuse segments of the less
deeply divided calyx." (J. D. Hooker.)

662 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

GENTIANA PATAGONICA DARWINII Griseb.
Corolla rotate, 5-partite.
Magellan, J. D. Hooker can hardly consider it even a variety.

G. PATAGONICA GRACILIS Alboff.

More slender, less branching, with membranaceous leaves; few- to
i -flowered, low.

Patagon.; E. and S. Fuegia, Valley of Olivaia; Navarin I.; "Also a
low, i-flowered form, scarcely 6 cm. high," at Olivaia.

3. G. PROSTRATA Hacnke.

Annual. Stem loosely branching at the base. Branches i -flowered.
Leaves oval-spatulate, recurved-obtuse, muticous, smooth-margined.
Calyx-teeth 5, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, shorter than the slightly
enlarged corolla-tube. Corolla blue, its tube twice as long as its ovate
lobes; its folds often half as long as the lobes. Style short. Capsule
oblong, rounded above the basal stipe.

(Mountains of Eurasia; Arctic regions and Rocky Mts.); Magellan.
Sometimes very small, 12 mm. high to 20 cm.; in S. part of the Fuegian
steppe. (Dusen.)

"A most extraordinary range; in Southern Europe the Carinthian
Alps, 6,000-7,000 feet high; in Asia on the Altai Mts., N. Lat. 52°; in
the Rocky Mts. at 52° N., to the height of 15,000-16,000 feet; on the
East side of the Andes of South America at 35° S.; and at Sea-level at
Cape Negro and Magellan ; and in Behring Strait, Lat. 68% ° N." ( J.
D. Hooker.)

4. G. SEDIFOLIA H. B. & K.

Perennial. Stems cespitose, subramose, the fertile i -flowered. Leaves
lanceolate, acute, muticous, the margin smooth, equal. Flowers 5-mer-
ous. Calyx-leaves lanceolate, acuminate, equalling the gradually enlarg-
ing corolla-tube. Corolla funnel-form, blue, its lobes oblong, half as long
as its tube, its folds rounded equalling the lobes. Capsule ovate-oblong,
stipitate.

Andes of Peru, above 1,000 meters elevation.

G. SEDIFOLIA MICRANTHA Wedd.

S. Fuegia, Ushuaia.

MACLOSKIE : ASCLEPIADACE^E. 663

Family 91. APOCYNACE^:. Dogbane Family.

Plants usually with milky juice, simple exstipiilate leaves, and regular
5-merous, sympetalous flowers with inferior perianth, and 5 epipetalous
stamens, alternating with the corolline divisions. Ovary, of 2 distinct
carpels, or syncarpous and 2-1 -celled. Fruit of 2 follicles or drupes.
Seeds often comose, with sparing endosperm.

Species exceeding 1,000, chiefly tropical.

GRISEBACHIELLA Lorentz.

Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx hard, thick, persistent, deeply 5-
partite, the parts connate at base, concave, obtuse, externally pubescent
or subglabrous. Glands in base of calyx lobes.

G. HIERONYMI Lorentz.

Woody shrub, scarcely i meter high ; branching, flexuose or angulose,
old branches glabrous, terete. Leaves decussate, ovate, acuminate, i-
nerved, acute, glabrous, rigid, coriaceous, yellow-green, caducous, 12 by
6 mm. Petiole 2 mm. Flowers very small, on a very short peduncle,
with a minute bract, deflexed.

N. Patagon. (Roca Expedition to Rio Negro. Quid? Eng. & Prantl,
iv, 2, 189).

Family 92. ASCLEPIADACE^E. Milkweed Family.

Herbs or shrubs, with milky juice, and mostly opposite, exstipulate
leaves. Flowers 5-merous, regular, sympetalous, with a 5-parted crown
inside the corolla. Stamens 5, epipetalous, and alternating with the corol-
line divisions ; anthers connivent around discoid, united stigmas, or synan-
therous ; the pollen cohering in waxy masses. Ovary superior, with 2
carpels and styles, united by the stigma. Seeds plumose ; with scanty
endosperm.

Species nearly 2,000, widely distributed, especially in warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

(The Patagonian genera all have the pollen in 2 wax-like masses, hanging by transfer-organs.)
A. Crown none. Corolla divided more than half-way. Stigma elongating to 2 filiform branches.

I. Mitostigma, p. 664.
A2. Crown ringform, fastened to the throat of the rotate or campanulate corolla. Gynostegium

subsessile. Corolla smooth inside. Shrubs or half shrubs. 2. Turrigcra, p. 664.

AT,. Crown fastened on the gynostegium, its tips free, or only basally united. Corolla valvate in the bud.

664 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS'. BOTANY.

^^

b. Corolla-tips valvate. Crown-tips cap-like, not spurred, but with horns in the caps.

Transfer-organs small. Upright weeds. 3. Asclcpias, p. 664.

b2. Corolla-tips imbricating towards the right. Crown-tips flat. Stigma conical, rostrate,
2-partite. Flowers not exceeding i cm. in diameter. Winding shrubs or half shrubs.

4. Melinia, p. 665.

1. MITOSTIGMA Dene.

Tomentose, fruticulose plants, with winding branches and large, cordate
leaves, with mid-sized flowers in branching, unilateral cymes. Calyx-leaves
small, acute, with alternate glands. Pollen masses pendulous. Corolla
rotate-campanulate, its small lobes often hairy internally. Crown none.
Gynostegium (hood) small ; stigma flat, with 2 styliform branches. Follicles
thick, pointed, woolly.

Species 4, Argentina. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 2, p. 223, K.)

M. CORDIFOLIUM (Phil, sub Astephanus] Fourn.

Stem twining, hollow, puberulous. Leaves deeply cordate-ovate, acute,
3 by 2 cm., with petioles i cm. long. Peduncles axillary, subumbellately
2-4-flowered. Corolla whitish, subrotate, i cm. diam., externally hairy.

Chili and Patagon.

2. TURRIGERA Dene.

Twining, hairy undershrubs, with small or mid-sized flowers in an axil-
lary, racemose cyme. Calyx 5-partite, the divisions acute. Corolla 5-
lobed, the lobes dextrorsely overlapping. Crown campanulate, affixed on
top of the corolla-tube, 5 or lo-lobed. Qnt pollen-mass in each pollen-
sac. Stigma long-rostrate.

Species 2, in extra-tropical S. Amer., viz. :

T. INCONSPICUA Dene.

Leaves linear, glabrous, subsessile. Peduncles very short, 3-4-flowered.
Crown lo-lobed.

(S. Brazil) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

T. LESSONII K. Sch.
Crown 5-lobed. Chili.

3. ASCLEPIAS Linn.

Leaves entire ; flowers in axillary or terminal umbels. Corona of 5
concave hoods, each enclosing an incurved horn. Pollen-masses pendu-
lous on caulicles. Follicles thick, acuminate. Seeds comose.

Species 85, mostly American.

MACLOSKIE I CONVOLVULACE/E. 665

ASCLEPIAS CAMPESTRIS Dene.

Roots fibrous ; stem simple or branching, flexuose, bifariously pubescent,
compressed. Leaves oval or elliptic-ovate, acute, short-petioled, glabrate.
Peduncles extra-axillary, short, with pubescent pedicels in many-flowered
umbels. Corolla-segments ovate-acute ; hoods ovate-oblong, with rounded
margins and acute, falciform processes.

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. MELINIA Dene.

Twining undershrubs, with opposite, cordate leaves, and small flowers
in a few-flowered, peduncled, axillary timbel. Crown-scales short, broad.
Stigma long, rostrate. Follicles acuminate from a dilated base. Seeds
comose.

Species 5, in eastern extra-tropical S. Amer.

M. CANDOLLEANA (Hook. & Arn., sub Brachylepis] DC.

Twining, pubescent. Leaves cordate, acute, deeply 2-lobed at base,
membranaceous. Peduncles longer than leaves, corymbose, few-flowered
(4-6). Flowers small, apparently ochroleucous. Lobes of crown without
a ligular appendage.

(Entrerios) ; Patagon., flowering late in the season (Ap.-May) ; by Rio
Sta. Cruz.

Family 93. CONVOLVULACE.E. Convolvulus Family.

Usually twining herbs, with alternate, exstipulate leaves, and regular,
sympetalous, axillary flowers, mostly showy, with 5 epipetalous stamens,
and normally 2-3 celled, superior ovary; cells 2-ovuled. Seeds endo-
spermous, with crumpled embryo.

Species 900, cosmopolitan.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

a. Ovary partite, of 2 dry, i -seeded mericarps. Styles 2, basal from the center. Calyx free.

Small, low or creeping herbs, with broad, petiolate leaves. I. Dichondra, p. 666.

rt2. Ovary entire. Style I, sometimes 2-parted, or styles 2.

b. Stigma entire, capitate, or slightly lobed. Corolla salverform. Ovary i-2-celled,
2-seeded. Calyx-leaves subequal, connate. Capsule ripening above ground, dehiscent.
Upright or low, with fleshy leaves and solitary flowers. 2. Wilsonia, p. 666.

666 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

b2. Style 2-branched, with filiform stigmas. Ovary i-2-celled, cells i -seeded.

3. Evolvulus, p. 666.

£3. Style undivided to the stigma. Fruit capsular, dehiscent, with thin or hard pericarp.
Calyx-leaves separate, often unequal. Flowers large. Bracts small, not close to the
calyx. 4. Convolvtilus, p. 667.

64. As Convolvulus, but stigma 2-lobed ; ovary I -celled, with 4 seeds. Calyx enclosed by 2
large bracts. Calystegia, subgenus of Convolvulus, p. 667.

i. DICHONDRA Forst.

Slender, prostrate, with reniform, petioled, often small leaves, and small
flowers, solitary on the pedicels. Sepals spatulate. Corolla campanulate,
5-cleft. Ovary with 2 distinct lobes, each 2-celled, usually villous. Styles
2, between the lobes, stigmas capitate.

Species 5, in warm climates. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 13.)

D. SERICEA Sw.

Leaves silky underneath. Stem rooting at the nodes.
N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. WILSONIA R. Br.

Small, prostrate, much branching, smooth or silky ; leaves small, crowded,
sessile, rather fleshy. Flowers small, sessile, solitary. Calyx tubular-
campanulate, with short lobes. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped. Sta-
mens usually exserted. Capsule i -2-celled, i-2-seeded. Style filiform,
2-branched ; stigmas capitate.

(Figs. A-C, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 15.)

Species 4, Australia, with the following:

W. HUMILIS R. Br.

Leaves very closely imbricating, distichous, ovate, silky. Corolla-ttibe
scarcely exceeding the calyx.

(Austral.); S. Patagon., Puerto Madryn. (Dusen.)

(Frankenia cymbifolia of Hooker, "errore," Benth. & Hook, ii, 881.)

3. EVOLVULUS Linn.

Erect or prostrate, not twining, often silky or hairy, with small or nar-
row leaves and rather small flowers. Ovary 2-1 -celled, 4-seeded. Styles
2, distinct, each 2-cleft.

Species 80, in warm parts of both worlds.

MACLOSKIE : POLEMONIACE/E. 667

i. EVOLVULUS FALCATUS Griseb.

Low undershrub, many-stemmed, 10 cm. high, leafy, silvery. Leaves
subsessile, elliptical-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate (or the lower elliptic).
Pedicels axillary, very short, i -flowered. Flowers blue, half as long as
the leaf. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the corolla.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. E. INCANUS Pers.

Cespitose, procumbent perennial, scarcely 30 cm. long. Leaves ovate-
oblong, crowded, mucronulate, silky on both sides, sessile, 6-8 mm. long.
Peduncles 4 mm. long, i -flowered. Sepals linear, 2.5 mm. long, silky.
Corolla tubular, 5 times as long as calyx.

(Brazil) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

4. CONVOLVULUS Linn. p. p. (Calystegia R. Br., as a separate

genus.) Bindweed.

Ovary i-2-celled, 4-seeded. Stigmas 2. Bracts 2, close to the calyx,
or none.

Species 7-8, in temperate and subtropical regions.

C. SEPIUM L. (Calystegia sepium R. Br.)

Stem twining, angled. Leaves large, sagittate, acuminate, glabrous,
petiolate. Peduncles angular, i -flowered. Corolla campanulate, 5 cm.
long, often snowy. Bracts large, close to the calyx.

(Eurasia; E. United States; Australia to New Zeal.); W. Patagon.,
Chonos Archip.

Family 94. POLEMONIACE^:. Phlox Family.

Herbs, with alternate, exstipulate leaves (or lower leaves opposite), and
regular, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers. Stamens 5, alternate with the
corolla-lobes, and inserted on the tube, often protruding. Ovary supe-
rior, 3-celled, with simple, 3-cleft style. Fruit capsular ; seeds sometimes
winged, sometimes covered with mucilage, and emitting spiral tubes when
wetted ; with endosperm.

Species 200, most in W. Amer., a few in temperate Eurasia.

668 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Stamens inserted at unequal heights.

b. Seeds without mucilage. Stamens included. Corolla-tube narrow, salverform. Leaves
entire, opposite. i. Pltlox, p. 668.

b2. Seeds with mucilage. Filaments often exsert, erect. Corolla-tube wide-mouthed.

Leaves incised or divided, alternate. 2. Collomia, p. 668.

A2. Stamens mostly inserted at equal heights.

b. Filaments straight, not hairy at base. Leaves incised or partite, alternate or opposite.
Corolla funnelform to tubular. 3. Gilia, p. 670.

b2. Filaments declined, hairy at base. Leaves pinnate, alternate. Corolla usually funnel-
form, 5-lobed. 4- Polcmonium, p. 672.

i. PHLOX Linn.

Erect or diffuse herbs, with opposite, entire leaves (or some above alter-
nate), and rather large, purplish, etc., flowers in cymes or panicles. Co-
rolla-tube narrow, its lobes obcordate, spreading. Stamens straight, short,
unequal, included. Ovary 3-celled; the cells with 1-4 ovules. Seeds
without spiral threads.

Species 30, N. Amer. and Siberia.

P. LINEARIS Cav. (1800. P. biflora Ruiz & Pav., Collomia

coccinea Lehm.)

Erect annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, the lower leaves opposite, the
upper alternate, with paired axillary peduncles, the highest ovate-lanceo-
late, entire, or apically 3-4-cleft. Heads dense. Calyx-lobes lanceolate,
obtuse. Corolla crimson, the throat dilated, twice as long as the calyx ; its
tube 4 times as long as the calyx. Stamens inserted low. Capsule 3-
locular, 3-seeded.

(Chili) ; Patagon. (O. Ktze in naming this P. biflora appears to have
overlooked its identity with Cavanille's plant.)

2. COLLOMIA Nutt.

Herbs, with alternate, mostly entire leaves, and purplish, capitate or
cymose flowers. Calyx not distended or ruptured, accrescent in fruit.
Coyolla-limb spreading, its lobes obtuse. Stamens straight, unequal.
Seeds mostly mucilaginous with spirals, i-few in the cells.

Species 10, W. North Amer. to Chili.

i. C. GRACILIS Dougl. (Phlox morenonis O. Ktze.)
Low, branching herb, with linear, obtuse leaves, the lowest obovate-

MACLOSKIE I POLEMONIACE/E.

669

FIG. 86.

oblong, opposite. Calyx tubular; its segments linear, as long as the
corolla-tube. Flowers terminal, at length lateral on excurrent branches.
(Calif.); S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen); Punta Arenas.

COLLOMIA GRACILIS MINUARTIOIDES.

Hispid all over. Leaves rigid, often arcuate, narrow-linear; calyx-
segments hyaline-margined. Capsule ovate, shorter than the calyx.

Magellan.

( " Distributed by Lechler as Eutoca gracilis Gris. and by Philippi as
Myotoca eritrichoides Gris." Franchet.)

2. C. LINEARIS Nutt.

Viscid-pubescent ; branching. Leaves sessile, entire or incised, the
lower opposite. Flowers leafy-bracted. Calyx obconical; its lobes tri-
angular-lanceolate, acute. Corolla salverform, 12
mm. long, lilac-purple to white, slender; its limb
small.

(W. of N. Amer.); S. Patagon., near Rio Coy, by
Peterson (Nov.) ; on Cordilleras, by Hatcher (flow-
ering Feb. 25).

(Gray referred it to Gilia in Proc. Am. Ac., 1882;
but returns to Nuttall's name in his Gamopetalce,
1886.}

3- C. PATAGONICA Speg.

Minute annual, with filiform root, and short
capitately folio-floriferous stems, all hispid-gland-
ular. Leaves narrow-linear, entire. Flowers very Coiiomia patagonica.

,, , ., ~ , . . Calyx ; (on left) longitudinal

small, subsessile. Calyx subcampanulate, its seg- section of corolla . (onright)
ments linear, 5 times as long as its tube. Corolla recurved margin of cauiine
scarcely greater, pubescent, white, tubular, 5- leaf- a11 magni«ed. (After
toothed. (Fig. 86.)

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. (Dusen refers to this species specimens
with only the root-leaves hispid-glandular, but otherwise as described by
Spegazzini). Rio Gallegos (Barnum Brown. Its lowest pair of leaves.
(Cotyledons?), are broadly ovate and subtruncate, same length as the
others, 7 mm., including petiole 1.5 mm. G. M.

670 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

4. COLLOMIA PUSILLA Dusen. (Fig. 87.)

Small annual, with simple, slender, densely stellate hairy stem, leafy
only at base ; leaves rosulate, small, linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, gla-
brous, or with simple, marginal hairs or subciliate. Flowers crowded um-
bellately, with short, stellate-hispid pedicels. Bracts leaf-like,
'* shorter than the basal leaves, crowded. Calyx companulate,
pilose, half-way 5-cleft with linear-lanceolate segments, fleshy,
acute, apically cartilaginous, exceeding the small capsule.
S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos. (Nordenskjold.)

/~>TTTA -r» • n T->

3- GILIA Ruiz & Pav.
natural Herbs, with opposite or alternate, entire or variously segmented
Slzt leaves, and small or large flowers. Calyx sinuses commonly
Dusen). scarious. Stamens straight, not hairy at the base. Capsule
3-celled, at length distending and rupturing the calyx. Seed-
coat usually mucilaginous, often with spirals.

Species 75, America, most in western parts of N. & S. Amer.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Smooth.

b. Stem leafless from the cotyledons to the involucre. Dwarf plant. Flowers white, pink, or

yellow. nudicaulis.

62. Leaves pinnatisect, segments subulate, acute, spinescent upwards. Flowers white.

navarettia.

£3. Leaves 2-3-pinnatipartite. Flowers light blue. achilleafolia.

A2, Pubescent when young. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, the upper entire. Corolla white.

campantilata.
A$. Stem hairy, few-leaved. Leaves pinnatifid or incised. Flowers white, with rose tinge,

exceeded by the upper leaves. polydadon.

A^. Puberulous. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers blue, corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.

laciniata.
A$. Woolly when young. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided. Corolla-tube long.

pumila.

i. G. ACHILLE^EFOLIA Benth.

Stem slender, 30-60 cm. high, nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, twice-

or thrice-pinnatipartite, the ultimate lobes slender to filiform-linear.

Flowers in capitate clusters on long peduncles. Corolla light-blue, 4-10

mm. long; its tube as long as its lobes, and as the calyx. Stamens in-

serted in its sinuses.

(Calif, and cultivated.) Patagon.?

MACLOSKIE I POLEMONIACE^:. 67 1

2. GILIA CAMPANULATA Gray.

Annual. Minutely pubescent when young, diffusely branched and
depressed. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, the lower sparingly pinnatifid-
toothed, the upper small, entire. Pedicels not longer than the flowers.
Corolla white, oblong-campanulate, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens
inserted at the base. Cells of capsule y-seeded.

(Nevada) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet.

3. G. LACINIATA Ruiz & Pav. (Polemonium laciniatum O. Ktze.)

Annual. Stem erect, puberulous. Leaves pinnatisect; the divisions
narrowly linear, entire or incised. Cymes irregularly 3-6-flowered, or
occasionally i -flowered. Corollas blue, scarcely exceeding the pubescent
calyx-lobes ; the tube half as long as the calyx.

(Chili) ; Patagon., at Rawson, near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusen.)
("G. erecta Hier. is scarcely more robust and not properly distinct from
this." Speg.)

4. G. NAVARETTIA Steud. (Navarettia involucrata Ruiz & Pav.)

Low annuals, suberect or branching much from the base. Leaves
glabrous, pinnatisect, their segments subulate, very acute, those of the
upper and floral leaves spinescent. Calyx woolly, its segments incised,
spinose like the bracts. Corolla white, its tube rather shorter than the
calyx. Stamens exsert. Cells of ovary 2-3-seeded.

(Chili, etc.) ; Patagon., Chubut, in elevated meadows near Lago Fon-
tana. "Specimens small, 4-5 cm. high and broad, with white corolla and
teeth of bracts and calyx acerose, purpurascent." (Speg.)

5. G. NUDICAULIS Gray.

Glabrous. Dwarf, from 3 to 20 cm. high. Stem (or long internode)
leafless from the cotyledons to the glomerulate involucre of leafy bracts.
Leaves opposite. Corolla-tube 6-8 mm. long, thrice as long as the calyx ;
exceeding the corolla-lobes, which are white, pink or yellow. Anthers
sessile in the throat. Cells of ovary io-i6-ovuled.

S. Patagon., by O. A. Peterson at Coy Inlet, Nov. 18. (Verified in
Gray Herb.)

f

672 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

6. GlLIA POLYCLADON ToiT.

Low, branching from the base. Stems sparsely hairy, diffuse, very few-
leaved. Leaves pinnatifid or incised; lobes short, oblong, spinulose-
mucronulate, those subtending the cyme exceeding the flowers. Flowers
cymulose-glomerate, or at length lax, leafy bracted, white with a rose
tinge. Corolla-tube scarcely exceeding the awned-mucronate calyx-lobes.
Anthers in the throat on very short filaments. Cells 2-seeded.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher, on pampas, near Coy Inlet.

7. G. PUMILA Nutt.

Annual. Branched at base ; woolly at least when young, 7-20 cm.
high. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided, their segments linear mucron-
ulate or lobed. Cymes sessile. Corolla-tube thrice as long as its lobes,
twice as long as the calyx. Calyx-lobes awn-like. Seeds 5-6 in each
cell.

(Texas to Nebraska); S. Patagon., by Coy Inlet, Hatcher. (Verified in
Gray Herb.)

4. POLEMONIUM Linn.

Mostly perennial, with alternate, often pinnate leaves, and large flowers
often panicled. Calyx accrescent in fruit. Corolla mostly tubular-cam-
panulate. Stamens equally inserted near its base and declined. Cap-
stile ovoid. Seeds mucilaginous, with spirals.

Species 15, in cool regions of the northern hemisphere; also the fol-
lowing :

P. MICRANTHUM Benth. (P. antarcticum Griseb.)

Annual. Dwarf, diffuse, glandular-hairy. Leaves pinnatisect, the
segments minute, ovate, subrotund to spatulate. Flowers remote, ped-
iceled. Calyx 5-parted, lax, its segments ovate, obtuse, slightly ex-
ceeding the white corolla. Corolla-lobes broad, obovate, 3-lobed. Fila-
ments glabrous, inserted at middle of the corolla-tube. Cells of ovary
2-ovuled ; seeds ovoid, not winged.

"When crushed by the fingers this plant emits a musky fragrance."
(Speg.)

(N. Amer.); S. Patagon., by Hatcher, near Coy Inlet, not yet in flower,
Oct. 16; by Peterson in same place, in flower, Nov. 13; by Dusen at
Rio Sta. Cruz, and in Brunswick Penins., W. Magellan. "The distinc-

MACLOSKIE : HYDROPHYLLACE^E. 673

tion between P. micranthum in N. Amer. as having 1 1 leaf-segments and
long-pediceled flowers, and P. antarcticum of Chili-Patagonia as having
7 leaf-segments and subsessile flowers, is incorrect." (O. Ktze.)

Family 95. HYDROPHYLLACE.E. Waterleaf Family.

Herbs mostly hairy, with regular, 5-merous sympetalous flowers, mostly
in scorpioid inflorescences. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla, alternat-
ing with its lobes, often protruding. Ovary superior, 2-celled, or I -celled
with 2 placenta. Styles 2, partly separate. Seeds with endosperm.

Species 160, chiefly in western N. Amer.

KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Style simple or 2-parted.

b. Placentae broad, at first fleshy, afterwards leathery and enclosing the whole capsule.
^Estivation mostly contorted. Capsule I -celled. Stamens exserted. Leaves alternate.

I. Hydrophylhim, p. 673.

b2. Placentae narrow, in the valves of the loculicidal capsule. ^Estivation imbricate. Cap-
sule i— 2-celled. Style deeply 2(— 3)-parted. Calyx-leaves subequal. Stamens sub-
equal, at same height. Plant often stiff-hairy, not prickly, lowest leaves opposite ;
upper alternate. Inflorescence scorpioid. 2. Phacelia, p. 674.

A2. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule more or less 2-celled. ^Estivation imbricate. Placentae parted,
bounded by the septa with the valves. Corolla funnelform. Seeds several. Herbs or
undershrubs. 3. Nama, p. 675.

i. HYDROPHYLLUM Linn. Waterleaf.

Leaves large, pinnately cut or divided. Flowers rather large, white to
blue or purple. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 5-lobed, the lobes convolute
in the bud, with inner scales bending towards each other. Anthers versa-
tile, exserted. Ovary i -celled. Placenta fleshy, central. Styles united.
Seeds 1-4.

Species 6, N. Amer., and the following:

H. MAGELLANICUM Lam. (sub Phacelia O. Ktze.).

Hispid or hoary-tomentose, erect, with one to several stems. Lower
leaves cespitose, crowded, oblong-lanceolate, entire or pinnatisect; the
lobes 3-5, lanceolate ; the terminal often greater.

Varieties at Magellan or other parts of Patagonia and Chili.

674 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

HYDROPHYLLUM MAGELLANICUM ACUTILOBUM.
White-pilose. Calyx-lobes acuminate.

H. MAGELLANICUM ALBIFLORUM (O. KtZC.).

Flowers white.

H. MAGELLANICUM OBTUSILOBUM.

Silky. Leaves with short pubescence. Calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse.

H. MAGELLANICUM PANICULATUM.
H. MAGELLANICUM PINNATUM (O. KtZC.).

2. PHACELIA Juss.

Mostly hirsute, with entire or variously cut leaves. Calyx 5-lobed,
slightly enlarging in fniit. Corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud, some-
times with internal appendages. Stamens exserted or included. Ovary
i -celled, with 2 parietal placenta. Styles united below. Seeds 4, usually
reticulated.

Species 80, America.

I. P. ARTEMISIOIDES Gris.

Low, ascending, villous herb, to 12 cm. high. Leaves pinnatisect, seg-
ments 4 pairs, deeply pinnatified; their lobes briefly oblong, rounded.
Flowers small, crowded in scorpioid cymes. Calyx-lobes rounded, obtuse,
more than half as long as the funnelform corolla, whose ovate lobes are
half as long as its tube. Stamens equalling the corolla. Style half way
cleft. Capsule enclosed in the globose calyx.

(Argentina?); E. Patagon. (Dusen.)

2. P. BRACHYANTHA Benth.

Erect, 25 cm. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, entire, undivided, or with
1-2 basal lobules. Corolla violaceous, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
Stamens included.

(Chilian Mts.) ; S. Patagon., high up by Rio Sta. Cruz.

3. P. CIRCINATA Jacq.

Hispid, erect. Leaves entire or 3-5-pinnatisect, the lobes ovate, or
oblong-acute, the terminal lobe large. Racemes dense-flowered, glomer-

MACLOSKIE I HYDROPHYLLACE/E. 675

ately circinate. Calyx-lobes oblong, acute, erect. Corolla twice as long

as the calyx. Stamens much exserted.

"Very variable ; dwarf forms with a naked scape-like stem." (A. Gray.)
(Calif., Oregon, Mex.) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico

de la Sta. Cruz; "blue to white." Feb. 9, 1897. S. and W. Patagon.

and Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen). Fuegia, at Ushuaia.

PHACELIA GLANDULOSA Nutt.

Viscid-pubescent, to 30 cm. high. Leaves irregularly and interruptedly
twice pinnatifid ; or the lower divided. Lobes many, small, somewhat
incised, obtuse. Calyx-lobes oblong, spatulate. Stamens exserted.

Western U. S.

P. GLANDULOSA PATAGONICA Ball.

"At Bahia Blanca and North Patagonian coast." (J. Ball.)

5- P. PINNATIFIDA Wedd.

Viscid-pubescent. Stem tall, branching above. Leaves pinnately lobed,
the lobes ovate or oblong, obtuse, crenate, the terminal as the others.
Racemes fascicled in apex of the branches, circinate, ultimately elongate.
Calyx-lobes linear-spatulate, obtuse. Corolla longer, the folds or scales
of its tube mostly ovate. Stamens exsert. Capsule shorter than calyx,
placenta dilated transversely. Seeds oblong.

(Peru, Bolivia.)

P. PINNATIFIDA PUMILA O. Ktze.

Dwarf to 10 cm. high.
Patagon.

3. NAMA Linn.

Low herbs or from a woody base, dichotomously branching and hairy.
leaves alternate. Flowers rather small, solitary in the axils, or terminal
and cymose. Corolla funnelform, imbricating. Stamens nearly in-
cluded. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2 ; stigmas capitate. Seeds small, numer-
ous, rugose.

Species 27, most in Western N. Amer. and Mex. ; i each in Hawaiia
and S. Amer.

N. DICHOTOMUM Ruiz & Pav.

Annual herb. Viscous-hairy. Leaves most of them petiolate, ovate to
long-lanceolate, entire. Flowers solitary, subsessile in the dichotomies.

676 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Calyx-segments subspatulate. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Capsule
ovate-conical, villous.

(Mex. to Andina) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher. (Compared in Gray
Herb.)

Family 96. BORRAGINACE.E. Borage Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or even tropical trees, with mostly alternate, exstipulate,
hairy leaves, and generally regular, 5-merous, sympetalous, bluish flowers
in scorpioid inflorescence. Stamens 5, epipetalous and alternipetalous.
Ovary superior, of 2 carpels, each of them deeply 2-lobed, becoming a
fruit of 4 achenes. Style simple or sometimes 2- or 4-cleft. Seeds with
or without endosperm.

Species 1,500, widely distributed.

A

KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Style terminal.

b. Styles twice dichotomously divided. Ovary not lobed. Calyx accrescent, with 5 lance-
olate processes under the fruit. Stone-fruit with mostly 4-celled nucleus. Cotyle-
dons folded (Cordioideae). I. Patagonula, p. 676.
b2. Style simple or 2-cleft, or 2 styles. Stone-fruit of 4 separate pyrenes, or of 2 carpels
separating into 4. Cotyledons flat (Heliotropoideae). 2. Heliotropium, p. 677.
A2. Style simple or bifid, inserted between the lobes of the deeply 4-lobed ovary. Fruit of sev-
eral i -seeded mericarps. Flowers regular.
b. Gynobase more or less conical.

c. Nutlets with the points not extending beyond the attachment surface, rather long,
with hooks. Stamens not or slightly protruding. Calyx scarcely accrescent.

3. Pcctocarya, p. 677.
c2. Nutlets, with the points extending beyond the attachment surfaces, indehiscent ; facets

at least half as large as the ventral surfaces. Stamens not protruding.
d. Cotyledons not partite.

e. Attachment facets below the middle of the nutlets. 4. Eritrichium, p. 678.
£2. Attachment facets above the middle of the nutlets, and flat. Leaves alternate,
or in rosettes. Stem not branched dichasially. Nutlets keeled subapically.

5. Plagiobotrys, p. 679.

d,2. Cotyledons 2-partite. Nutlets smooth. 6. Amsinckia, p. 679.

b2. Gynobase flat or slightly convex. Facets of attachment of nutlets flat. ^Estivation
contorted. Flowers few. 7. Myosolis, p. 680.

i. PATAGONULA Linn.

Shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves. Flowers small, crowded at the
apex of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, its lobes long and stellately
spreading in fruit, enclosing the drupes. Stamens exserted. Filaments

MACLOSKIE: BORRAGiNACEyE. 677

basally widened and connate. Ovary 4-celled ; style 2-cleft, and its branches
again 2-cleft; stigmas capitate. Fruit often only i -seeded; drupe sub-
globose, acuminate to a rostrum.
Species 2, Brazil and southwards.

PATAGONULA AMERICANA Linn.

A tree 10 meters high. Leaves sparse, lanceolate or obovate, entire or
serrate at apex ; glabrous on both sides. Flowers white.

(S. Brazil, useful wood, " ipe-branco" ; in Argentina called "guayavi") ;
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 85, C-E.)

P AMERICANA HIRSUTA.

This year's branches, petioles, rachis and under-surface of leaves rough,
with long, sparse hairs. .

N. Patagon.

2. HELIOTROPIUM Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, with small, blue or white flowers in scorpioid spikes or
scattered. Corolla naked in the throat. Stamens included. Style ter-
minal ; ovary entire or 2- or 4-grooved (not lobed).

Species 115, in warm climates.

H. CURASSAVICUM Linn, (sub Heliophytum in DC. Prodr.).

Glabrous, branched. Leaves linear or spatulate, obtuse, fleshy, entire.
Spikes scorpioid. Flowers white, with yellow eye; or bluish. Fruit
becoming 4 nutlets.

(Widespread in tropics ; in S. and W. of United States) ; N. Patagon.,
in salt marshes by mouths of Rio Negro, and elsewhere. (Fig. in Eng.
& Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 93, Q-U.)

3. PECTOCARYA DC.

Small annuals, with linear, alternate leaves and minute flowers, sessile
or short-pediceled, axillary. Calyx-lobes small. Corolla-lobes 5, imbri-
cating, spreading ; tube short, with small scales. Stamens inserted in the
tube, with short filaments and ovoid anthers. Style small ; stigma capitate.
Achenes ovoid, with an oval ring of hooked spines. (Fig. in Eng. &
Prantl, iv, 30, p. 100, H.)

Species 5, Pacific coast of Amer.

678 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

PECTOCARYA LINEARIS (R. & P.) DC. (P. chilensis DC.)

Annual, with stems and narrow-linear leaves hoary by appressed
pubescence, and oppositifoliose pedicels. Calyx-lobes as long as the
nucules, which are pectinate-margined all round. Much branching from
a woody base. Leaves 13 mm. by i mm.

(Common to N. and S. Amer. ; Chili) ; Patagon., at Rawson (Dusen) ;
Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz, in dry plains, and by Rio Deseado.

4. ERITRICHIUM Schrad.

Perennial herbs, mostly hairy; usually with bractless racemes, and
small, mostly blue or white flowers. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla-tube
short, usually with 5 small scales at the throat ; its lobes obtuse. Sta-
mens included. Ovary 4,-lobed ; stigma subcapitate. Achenes unarmed,
or with a row of non-glochidiate prickles, or rarely winged.

Species 30, temperate regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p.
1 08, C-E.)

i. E. ALBIFLORUM Gris. (non Myosotis albiflora Banks & Sol.).

Stout, upright, seemingly perennial.

Patagon., arid plains by Golfo de San Jorge ; E. Fuegia (Ansorge).
Nearly allied to E. pampeanum Speg.

2. E. DIFFUSUM Phil.

Stem diffusely branching, 30 cm. high, rough, with spreading bristles
and white papillae. Leaves linear with white papillae, hispid. Calyx scale-
less, its tube and lobes rough, with yellow, spreading bristles. Corolla
very small, its tube as long as the calyx. Nttcules subrugose.

(Chilian Andes); S. Patagon, by mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz.

3. E. HUMILE (R. & P., sub Myosotis} DC.

Low, sparsely villous or glabrous. Root fibrous. Stems ternately
divided, the mid erect, the laterals procumbent. Lower leaves opposite,
narrow-linear, elongated, .obtuse. Flowers white, the laterals secund,
sessile, becoming short-pediceled in fruit. Nutlets rugose.

(Bolivia) ; Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

MACLOSKIE: BORRAGINACE^E. 679

4. ERITRICHIUM PARVULUM Phil.

Annual. Stems simple or sparsely branched, erect, filiform, setose as
are the leaves. Cauline seta spreading. Raceme few-flowered, at first
capituliform, afterwards elongate. Calyx 5 mm. long, rough, with long
yellow setae; its teeth filiform. Corolla minute. Achenes elongate,
greenish, warty-granulate.

(Atacama in Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
5. E. ULIGINOSUM Phil, (by O. Ktze. sub Cynoglossosperrmtni}.

Low, with fibrous root. Damp or aquatic forms.

Patagon.

5. PLAGIOBOTRYS Fisch. & Mey. (Echidiocarya A. Gr.)
Low, annual herbs often white-hairy ; sometimes with a rosette of basal
leaves. Calyx mostly accrescent. Achenes ovoid, with lateral ridge, and
evenly rounded exterior, transversely rugulose ; the areole orbicular on a
convex or subglobose gynobase, or sometimes concave.
Species 15, on the Pacific coast of America.

P. PROCUMBENS (DC.) A. Gray.

Low, small, multicauline, and subcespitose. Root simple. Stems his-
pid, procumbent or ascending. Leaves linear, short, obtuse, opposite
below. Flowers sparse, or laxly spicate.

(Chili); Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; in Salinas near Rio Sta.
Cruz

6. AMSINCKIA Lehm.

Prostmte annuals, mostly hairy, with few-flowered cymes and alternate
leaves. Calyx-lobes linear. Corolla tubular-fun nelform, without scales in
the throat. Stamens and capitate stigma included. Achenes rather smooth.

Species 8, on Pacific coast of N. and S. Amer.

A. ANGUSTIFOLIA Lehm.

Nutlets rugose, dorsally convex, not distinctly angled. Stem strict,
simply or sparsely branched. Leaves long, linear-lanceolate; throat of
corolla glabrous, naked, its limb half as long as its tube; stamens in-
serted in the throat.

(Chili) ; Patagon. at Puerto Madryn ; in sandy plains near Rivers Des-
eado and Sta. Cruz; W. Patagon.; N. and E. Fuegia, usually in inhab-
ited places (Dusen).

680 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

7. MYOSOTIS Linn. Forget-me-not.

Low herbs, with alternate, entire leaves, and small, blue-pink to white
flowers, usually in many-flowered, scorpioid cymes. Calyx-lobes narrow.
Corolla salverform, the throat crested. Stamens included. Nutlets erect,
leaving flat scars.

Species 35, widely diffused.

M. ALBIFLORA Banks & Sol.

Sparsely appressed-hairy. Stems many from a stout rhizome, pros-
trate, slender. Radical leaves spatulate, petioled; cauline, obovate-

oblong. Flowers few, axillary, short-pe-
88. diceled. Calyx campanulate. Corolla-tube

exceeding the calyx, its lobes broad-ob-
long, rather short. Seeds smooth, shining
(Fig. 88).

S. Patagon., Magellan; N. andS. Fuegia,
rare (Dusen; "flowers not cymose, incon-
spicuous").

"Near M. antarctica, but more slender

tis aiMftora.- Plant and magnified and nearly glabrous. Belongs to the
seed. (After Dusen.) New Zealand group of the genus." (J.

D. Hooker.)

Family 97. VERBENACE^E. Verbena Family.

Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical trees, with mostly opposite leaves and
usually zygomorphous flowers, having didynamous (rarely only dian-
drous) stamens inserted on the sympetalous corolla. Ovary superior,
of 2 carpels (not lobed), 2-4-celled, or rarely 8-io-celled. Style ter-
minal, simple. Fruit 2-4-achenes, or drupaceous. Seeds with little or
no endosperm.

Species 1,200, widely distributed in temperate and warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

(All the Patagonian forms have spicate or racemose, that is, non-cymose, inflorescence ; and
seeds without endosperm.)
A. Flowers spicate.

b. Fruit 4-merous, becoming 4 drupelets. i. Verbena, p. 68 1.

MACLOSKIE: VERBENACE^ 68 1

b2. Fruit 2-merous.

c. Calyx truncate or notched. Corolla 4-5-lobed. Drupelets 2.

2. Lantana, p. 690.

c2. Calyx 4-cleft or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-lobed. Nutlets 4. 3. Lippia, p. 691.
^3. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobed. Nutlets 2, not separating.

4. Monopyrena, p. 692.

A2. Flowers racemose. Fruit 2-4-celled, becoming 4-drupelets. Calyx shortly 5-toothed, be-
coming enlarged and enclosing the fruit. Anther cells divergent.

5. Rliaphithamnus, p. 693.

i. VERBENA J. St. Hil.

Flowers perfect, nearly regular, terminally spiked, rarely racemed, or
panicled. Calyx inferior, 4-5-merous. Corolla mostly 5-cleft. Sta-
mens didynamous, or rarely 2. Style simple; stigmas i or 2. Fruit
dry or drupaceous, separating into 4 pyrenes. Endosperm scanty.

Species 190, chiefly American; i in the Mediterr. region.

KEY TO THE TRIBES.

A. ( Verbenaca^) No appendages on connective of upper anthers.

b. Pungentes. Heads composed of 2— few-flowers, on tops of branches. Small, often cespi-

tose : — carroo, erinacea, seriphioides, etc.
62. Nobiles. Spikes capitate when young, afterwards elongating. Creeping undershrubs ;

calyx long-tubular ; flowers handsome : — chamadrifolia, teucrioides, etc.
#3. Junciformes. Flowers in heads or short spikes. Leaves reduced, or scale-like — glauca.
£4. Verticiliflorcz. Spikes with remote, quasi -verticils. Corolla-tube long, curved : —

asper, etc.

A2. (Glandularia.) . Glandular appendage on connective of upper anthers. Leaves divided: —
erinoides, sulfurea, tenera, etc.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Flowers solitary or subsolitary. Leaves minute.

b. Leaves linear, hairy. Corolla long. uniflora.

b2. Leaves ovate, triquetrous. Spiny shrub, decussately branching. Bracts ovate. Flowers

white-lilac. seriphioides.

A2. Spikes solitary, terminal; at first usually capitate.
b. Spike sessile or nearly so.

c. Leaves trifid, segments narrow-linear, hispid, pungent. Small, spiny shrub. Corolla

ochroleucous. ameghinoi.

c2. Leaves 3 -partite, crowded, segments linear-spatulate. Bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate.

Corolla long. struthionum.

CT,. Leaves triquetrous, connate ; as are the bracts. Corolla long. connatibractcata.

b2. Spikes peduncled.

c. Spikes subverticillate, lax. Leaves small, alternate; and axillary fascicled, oblong-
lanceolate, rough. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla white. aspera.

682 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c2. Leaves ovate-oblong, attenuate-petiolate. Bracts narrow-lanceolate.

d. Leaves rough. Flowers scarlet. chamaedrifolia.

d2. Leaves tomentose underneath. Flowers white to pink. teucrioides.

d^. Leaves 3 -partite.

e. Segments partite into linear subsegments. Spikes at first subsessile. Stamens

2. Calyx accrescent. inflata.

£2. Segments lanceolate. Anthers minutely appendaged. Corolla red-violet.

erinoidcs.
c\. Leaves spatulate to obovate, 3 -toothed to 3-lobed, glabrous. Bracts linear, hairy.

Corolla long, orange. aurantiaca.

c$. Leaves decussate, minute, hispid. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla orange, bilabiate.

lorentzii.

£3. Leaves quadrifariously imbricate, obovate, pairs not connate. Bracts leafy, oval.
c. Spikes peduncled. Leaves silky. Corolla hairy. patagonica.

c2. Spikes sessile, few-flowered. Leaves small, linear, less villous. azorelloides.

AT,. Spikes terminal, peduncled, in I's or 3*3. Leaves pinnatifid, decurrent-petiolate. Bracts
lanceolate, half as long as the hairy calyx. Corolla violet. Anther appendages small.

tenera.

A\. Spikes terminal on this year's branches, the young leaves tripartite, pungent. The old parts
black, bearing reduced branches with quadrifariously imbricate glomerules of minute,
thick, entire leaves. Virgate shrubs. carroo.

A^. Flowers in heads (dense spikes, sometimes at length elongating).
b. Corolla long (its tube at least twice as long as the calyx).
c. Leaves minute, tripartite. Bracts half as long as the calyx.

d. Segments of leaves linear, obtuse. Bracts ovate. Corolla-tube pink, limb drab.

philippiana.
d2. Segments linear, apically rounded. Bracts oblong. Calyx ribbed.

tridactylitcs.
c2. Leaves minute, lobed, succulent ; with smaller leaves in axils. Bracts broad. Calyx

5-costate. succulentifolia.

c$. Leaves alternate, short-linear, and others in axils. Bracts ovate. Heads globose.

Corolla 4-lobed. Branches secund. gayana.

b2. Corolla not long (not twice as long as calyx).

c. Bracts lanceolate-acuminate. Heads peduncled, many-flowered. Corolla sulphur-
colored. Anther-appendages violet. sulphurea.
c2. Bracts ovate-lanceolate. Leaves acerose, connate, becoming spinescent. Heads

immersed, few-flowered. crinacea.

c^. Bracts ovate, half as long as calyx, hairy. Leaves ovate-acute, imbricate, hirsute.

morenonis.

£•4. Bracts small, broad. Leaves ovate. thymifolia.

c$. Bracts long, cordate, pungent. Branches filiform, glaucous. Leaves minute, distant,

linear. Heads ovate. glauca.

A6. Shrubs with cylindric spike, and trifid leaves having subulate segments, and with 3 -toothed

bracts. tridens.

A"j. Leaves of two kinds, spinose-acicular, recurved, opposite ; and axillary smaller, straight
leaves. toninii.

MACLOSKIE I VERBENACE^E. 683

A8. Spikes paniculate. Stems tetragonal.

b. Leaves lanceolate, auriculate, amplexicaul, rough on the veins. Stem naked upwards.

Bracts lanceolate. Flowers rose or violet. bonanensis.

b2. Leaves cuneate -oblong, rough underneath ; smaller and narrower upwards. Flowers

violet. intermedia.

i. VERBENA AMEGHINOI Speg.

Small, cespitose, densely branching, spiny shrub. Old leaves arescent,
curved-spreading, slender ; with small fasciculate apical twigs, appressed-
leafy. Leaves trifid, hispid ; the segments narrow-linear, erect, coarsely
costate, revolute-marginate, apex acute, mucronate, pungent. Spikes
apical, sessile, few-flowered, with leafy bracts. Calyx 5-costate, hispid,
5-toothed, the teeth spinescent. Corolla ochroleucous, long-exsert, gla-
brous, enlarged at the throat. Lobes sublinear, obtuse.

Patagon., on plains near Golfo de San Jorge.

2. V. ASPERA Gill. & Hook.

Fruticulose, with hirtellate branches, and small, alternate leaves, axillary
proliferous, oblong-lanceolate, acute or spatulate, attenuate to a short
petiole, margins revolute, rough. Spikes subverticillate, few-flowered,
laxly imbricate, elongate. Bracts subulate, shorter than the tubular,
unequal, 4-cleft calyx, and, like it, rough. Corolla white, glabrous, its
limb 5-parted.

(Peru) ; Patagon.

3- V. AURANTIACA Speg.

Lax-branching perennial, with branches prostrate to ascending, gla-
brous, sparingly ramulose. Leaves thick, membranaceous, spatulate to
obovate, glabrous, 3-toothed or 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Spikes apical.
Bracts lanceolate, pubescent. Calyx tubular, pubescent. Corolla twice
as long, orange, glabrous. Anthers yellow, not appendaged.

(Argentina) ; Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rivers Gallegos and
Sta. Cruz.

4- V. AZORELLOIDES Speg.

Like V. patagonica Speg., but less villous, and less compact. Leaves
small, linear, entire, obtuse, puberulous. Spikes sessile, few-flowered.
Corolla purple.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Lago Argentine.

684 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

5. VERBENA BONARIENSIS Linn.

Stem strict, tetragonal, scabrid to subvillous, naked upwards. Leaves
lanceolate, acutely subauriculate, adnate-amplexicaul, the upper part
incised-serrate, revolute, the veins and rugae hirsute. Panicle terminal,
fastigiate, consisting of long-stalked cymes, these consisting of dense cylin-
drical spikes. Bracts lanceolate-acuminate, at least equalling the calyx,
which is hispidulous on the angles. Flowers rose or violet.

(Amer. tropics ; and grassy plains of Bonaria ; in damp ground ; also in
S. Africa) ; N. Patagon., in Valleys of Rio Colorado and Rio Negro.

6. V. CARROO Speg. (Plate XXIII.)

Virgate shrub, 1-2 meters high, blackish, gloomy, with thick, erect
branches, everywhere quadrifariously branching, the branchlets small abor-
tive, glomeruliform, tetragonally stellate, densely leafy-imbricate ; this year's
branches, simple, patent, erect, leafy, with branchlets. Leaves glabrous,
dimorphous, all minute ; this year's sessile, opposite, amplexicaul, tripar-
tite, the lobes divaricate, pungent, segments entire, margin revolute, cari-
nate at the nerve, being black-purplish or castaneous ; last year's breaking
up and bearing glomeruliform branchlets. Leaves of abortive branchlets
quadrifariously and densely imbricated, simple, ovate-linear, obtuse, shin-
ing ; their margin entire revolute.

Spikes, terminal on this year's branches, black-castaneous, i or few,
sessile, cylindraceo-capitate, compact. Bracts opposite, leaf-like, trifid, i-
flowered. Flowers sessile, fragrant. Calyx campanulate, obliquely trun-
cate, 5-toothed, the 2 front teeth evolute. Corolla white or pink, pubes-
cent outside and in the throat; limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 4,
inserted at upper third of tube. Style simple. Ovary glabrous or puber-
ulous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz and R. Gallegos. " Carroo of the Tehuel-
che natives ; of extraordinary habit. Referred by Philippi to V. tridens
Lag." (Speg.). By Peterson at Rio Sta. Cruz. "Mate negra," abundant
and used for fuel. (J. B. Hatcher.)

7. V. CHAM^EDRIFOLIA JuSS.

Stems filiform, dichotomously branching, creeping, hirt, the apex and
branches ascending. Leaves oblong or ovate, broadly basi-cuneate, con-
tracted to a short petiole, crenate or incised-serrate, strigose above, hirt

MACLOSKIE : VERBENACE^E. 685

below. Peduncles long ; the spike solitary ; bracts lance-subulate, ciliate,
shorter than the hoary calyx. Flowers large scarlet.

(S. Brazil and Argentina ; much cultivated for its splendid flowers) ; N.
Patagon., by Rio Negro.

8. VERBENA CONNATIBRACTEATA O. Ktze.

Low, branching shrub, 15-20 cm. high. Leaves crowded, basally sub-
connate, triquetrous, canaliculate above, acute. Lax, 6-8-flowered ter-
minal, subsessile spike. Flowers opposite in pairs, with green connate
bracts as long as the calyx, or the upper bracts free. Calyx cylindrical,
green, spinose-toothed, pubescent. Corolla twice as long, with slender,
glabrous tube.

(Argentina); Patagon.

9. V. ERINACEA Gill. & Hook.

Spinous shrub, cespitose ; with thick, woody root, and dense, opposite,
connate, acerose leaves, pungent, at length long-spinescent. Heads few-
flowered, at length immersed among the leaves. Bracts ovate-lanceolate,
mucronate, one fourth shorter than the long, tubular, rough, striate calyx.
Calyx-teeth pungent. Corolla half exceeding the calyx.

(Argentina); Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

10. V. ERINOIDES Lam.

Stem rooting, strigose-hirt, branching, decumbent, the branches ascend-
ing. Leaves basi-cuneate, narrowing to a petiole, 3-partite, pinnatifid, or
laciniate ; their segments lanceolate, acutish, entire or toothed, revolute,
strigose. Spikes terminal and alar, pedunculate, solitary, at first fasti-
giate, canescent. Bracts lance-acuminate, spreading, nearly equalling the
long calyx. Anther appendages short, bearded.

Annual, coming early (Nov.); with white flowers (" red-violet " DC);
having scent of vanilla.

(S. Brazil ; Peru); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

ii. V. GAYANA O. Ktze. (V. gla^lca Gay, non Gill. & Hook.)
Hispid-hairy shrub ; branching, the branches rigid, secund. Leaves
short-linear, erect, alternate, with smaller in the axils. Heads terminal,
subglobose. Bracts ovate-acuminate, nearly as long as the calyx. Corolla
twice as long, 4-lobed.

At Coquimbo, Chili ; Atacama.

686 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

12. VERBENA GLAUCA Gill. & Hook.

Glaucous, suffruticose, with long, terete, filiform branches. Leaves dis-
tant, minute, linear, 6 mm. long. Spikes capitate, ovate, pubescent,
dense-flowered. Outer bracts twice as large ("as broad" O. Ktze.) as
the calyx, cordate, rigid, pungent. Anthers without appendages.

(Chili); Patagon.

V. GLAUCA CISANDINA Nied.

Glaucous, glabrous, few-leaved. Differs by having the miter bracts not
twice as large as the calyx, not cordate, but concave, broad-acuminate.
Calyx and corolla 5-partite. Leaves not alternate, but remotely decussate.

N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

13. V. INFLATA H. B. & K.

Procumbent, branching undershrub, hoary, with strigose pubescence.
Leaves sessile nearly to the base, tripartite, their segments narrow, 2-5-
cleft, subsegments linear, obtuse, revolute. Spikes terminal, crowded, at
length lax. Bracts lanceolate, subulate, shorter than the calyx, which
equals the corolla-tube. Stamens 2. Capstile obovate, enclosed in the
enlarged (not inflated) calyx.

(Quito and southwards in the Andes); S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio
Sta. Cruz, on wet ground, Jan. 9, 1897. (Compared in Gray Herb.)

14. V. INTERMEDIA Gill & Hook. (V. gracilis Cham.)
Rhizome creeping. Stems simple, strict, tetragonal, marginate, sca-
brid. Leaves subsessile, subconnate, arrect, diminishing upwards; the
lowest cuneate-oblong, the others linear-lanceolate, acute, margin revo-
lute, incised-serrate or entire, rugose above, rough underneath. Panicle
terminal, rare ; spikes crowded, at length subcylindrical, hirtulous and
glandular. Bracts ovate, acuminate, as long as the calyx. Corolla twice
as long, violet.

(Grassy plains of Bonaria); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

15. V. LORENTZII Nied.

Shrub, i meter high, decussately branching; branches tetragonal, be-
coming terete, nodose. Hairs i -celled. Leaves decussate, minute, his-
pid, linear to ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, or spatulate-obtuse,
basally attenuate, subsessile, revolute, black in drying. Flowers in ovate

MACLOSKIE I VERBENACEyE. 687

spikes at the ends of the branches ; sessile in the axils of rough, ciliate
bracts. Calyx long-tubular, 4-toothed, plicate, its lobes unequal. Co-
rolla orange, tubular, scarcely incurved, subbilabiate. Style long, stigma
dilated, bilabiate, globose. Fruit of 4 oblong winged pyrenes in the ac-
crescent calyx.

Patagon., by Rio Negro; Golfo de San Jorge; at Puerto Madryn;

Rio de Sta. Cruz.

1 6. VERBENA MORENONIS O. Ktze. (V. thymoides Ph. p. p. non Cham.)

Pulvinate-branching shrub. Leaves opposite, crowded, imbricate,
ovate, acutish, white-hirsute, 1.5 by i mm. Flowers 20 in terminal
heads. Calyx and bracts hoary-pilose ; calyx 6 mm. long, furcate cylin-
drical, obliquely 5-toothed ; bracts half as long, ovate. Corolla exceeding
the calyx, blackening when dry.

(Chili); Patagon.

(This is V. patagonica Speg. Bol. S. N. C, Cordoba, xvi, 249.)

17. V. PATAGONICA Speg.

Pulvinate, cespitose, thick-stemmed shrub, silky-puberulous. Leaves
quadrifariously crowded, obscurely imbricate, obovate, thickish, rigid, sub-
acute, cuneate, attenuate, sessile ; the opposite not connate. Spikes end-
ing the branchlets, pediceled, i-3-leafy-bracteolate. Flowers solitary in
the axils of oval, acute, silky bracts. Calyx green, hoary, 5-costate,
5-toothed, its teeth obconical. Corolla-tube subcylindrical, half exceeding
the calyx, hoary outside, its throat bearded ; its limb spreading, with 5
subequal lobes. Stamens 4, the anterior pair inserted higher than the
posterior, filaments very short Style filiform, subclavulate. Stigma
small, with 2 unequal lobes. Ovary green, glabrous, 4-sulcate.

Patagon., by Rio de Sta. Cruz (at " Cerro de los Caracoles," called
"Meseta." Compare V. azorelloides Speg.).

1 8. V. PHILIPPIANA (V. microphylla Phil, non H. B. & K.) O. Ktze.

Fruticose, low, branching. Leaves minute, sessile, fasciculate, crowded,
tripartite, strigose ; their segments linear, obtuse, with revolute margins.
Spikes capitate. Bracts ovate, half as long as the calyx. Perianth with
white reflex hairs. Calyx-teeth short, ovate. Tube of corolla pink, more

688 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

than twice as long as the calyx ; its limb with short segments, drab-colored.
Stamens included.
(Andes) ; Patagon.

19. VERBENA SERIPHIOIDES Gill. & Hook.

Shrubs, with many very short branchlets decussate on tetragonal
branches ; the leaves mostly dense, connate, ovate-triquetrous, thick, cari-
nate, canaliculate above, obtuse, glabrous. Leaves scarcely 4 mm. long.
Spines opposite, connate, broadly subulate, subfoliaceous, ciliate, at
length elongate, rigid, entire or trifid. Flowers subsolitary at the apex
of the branches. Bracts ovate. Corolla half as long again as the
calyx, white-lilac.

(Argentina) ; S. Patagon.

2O. V. STRUTHIONUM Speg.

Thick-stemmed, prostrate or cespitose shrub, with slender, hoary, tetrag-
onal branchlets. Leaves opposite, small, rigid, patent-incurved, green,
crowded, especially at ends of branchlets; sessile, amplexicaul, deeply
3-partite, the segments linear-spatulate. Spikes apical, solitary, sessile or
nearly so. Floral bracts decussate, linear-lanceolate or ovate, i -flowered,
as long as the calyx ; calyx cylindrical, campanulate, 5-plicate, costate, 5-
toothed, hoary. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, obclavate, slen-
der below, inflated and hoary above, coarctate next the limb, bearded
inside. Corolla-limb 5-lobed, lobes elliptical, the anterior lobes larger.
Stamens 4, inserted at upper third.

Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Golfo de San Jorge.
"Mesati" of natives.

21. V. SUCCULENTIFOLIA O. KtZC.

Low, branching, unarmed shrub. Leaves opposite, sessile, succulent,
blackening, rough, obtuse, oblong, shortly lobed at base, 4 mm. long,
with smaller leaves crowded in the axils. Inflorescence, terminal, 20
flowers in a pediceled, obovate head, with broad, outer bracts. Calyx 5-
costate, with short, acute teeth. Corolla-tube twice as long.

Patagon.

22. V. SULPHUREA- Sweet.

Hirt undershrub ; branches tetragonal, hirsute. Leaves more or less
pinnatipartite, entire at base, petioled, hispidulous; the rachis and seg-

MACLOSKIE : VERBENACE/E. 689

ments linear, obtuse, revolute. Spikes peduncled, capitate, many-flowered.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, one third shorter than the hirsute calyx.
Corolla glabrous, pale sulfureous, i cm. long, exceeding the calyx. An-
tJicr-appendages clavate, exsert, violet, recurved-patent.
(Chili, in sterile places by the sea) ; N. Patagon.

•

VERBENA SULFUREA INTERMEDIA O. Ktze.
Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx; 15 mm.

23. V. TENERA Spreng.

Prostrate, much branching undershrub, creeping, but the branches
ascending. Leaves decurrent to a short petiole, pinnatifid-laciniate, their
segments linear, acute, entire, margin subrevolute. Spikes terminal,
peduncled, solitary or in 3's, fastigiate, at length elongating, and lax.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, half as long as the long hairy or rough
calyx, which has glands at its angles. AntJier-appendages scarcely ex-
sert, claviculate, slightly recurved.

(S. Brazil) ; Patagon.

24. V. TEUCRIOIDES Gill. & Hook.

Stems cespitose, rooting at the base, ascending, terete, patent, hirt.
Leaves ovate or oblong-triangular, subcuneate, entire, narrowing to a
short petiole, subsinuate-serrate, revolute, rugosely venous, glandular-hairy
above, tomentose beneath. Spikes terminal, solitary, glandular-hirtellate.
Bracts subulate-lanceolate, ciliate, half as long as the nervose calyx.
Flowers large, white to pinkish.

(S. Brazil ; Andina) ; N. Patagon., common about Rio Negro.

25. (?) V. THYMIFOLIA Lag.

Suffruticose, low, branching. Leaves ovate, ciliate, scabrid, revolute.
Spike terminal, capitate, solitary.

S. Patagon., Puerto Deseado; Lago Sta. Cruz. "Floral bracts 3-4
mm. by 2.5-3 mm., broader than in Philippi." (Speg.)

26. V. TONINII O. Ktze.

Very low, robust shrub, with stem i cm. thick. Leaves crowded, of 2
forms; opposite, basiconnate, spinose-acicular, i cm. long, subrecurved,
forked-triangular; and others half as large, and straight, in the axils.

690 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Bracts broad-lanceolate, not spiny, nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx
pentagonal with subspinose, unequal teeth. Corolla a little longer.

Patagon.

27. VERBENA TRIDACTYLITES Lag.

Shrubby, low, branching, slightly hirtellate, with white hairs. Leaves
tripartite, their segments linear, rounded at the apex, revolute. Spikes
terminal, capitate, solitary. Bracts oblong, more than half as long as
the lo-ribbed calyx. Corolla-tube nearly twice as long as the calyx.
("Leaves connate bifid." Schauer in DC. Prodr.)

Falklands; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, in wet ground.

28. V. TRIDENS Lag.

Shrub, i meter high. Leaves trifid, the segments subulate, arenose.
Spikes cylindric. Bracts short, 3-toothed.

S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen) ; in Valley of R.
Gallegos (Nordensk.).

29. V. UNIFLORA Phil.

Fruticose, densely cespitose, very low, 7 cm. Leaves crowded, 4 mm.
long, linear, obtuse, entire, pubescent, ciliate. Flowers solitary at ends
of the branches. Calyx hirt. Corolla twice as long as calyx, pilose
inside. Ac hems 2 mm. long.

(Chili; Argent.)

V. UNIFLORA GLABRIUSCULA O. Ktze.

Leaves subglabrous.
Patagon.

2. LANTANA Linn.

Usually shrubs, scabrous or tomentose, with simple hairs, and with
opposite leaves. Spikes dense or capitate, pedunculate in the axils, the
flowers red to orange or white, not large, sessile in bracts. Calyx small,
truncate or toothed. Corolla-tube rather long, its lobes spreading. Ovary
2-celled; cells i-seeded. Drupe juicy.

Species 50, most in warm parts of Amer. ; some in Asia & Afr. (fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, iv, 30, p. 150, A, B).

L. CLARAZII Ball.

Profusely branching. Leaves sessile, at least the upper, linear-lanceo-
late, attenuate both ways, entire or revolute, midrib prominent, other

MACLOSKIE: VERBENACE/C. 691

nerves obsolete. Bracts ovate, nearly as long as the shortly 4-toothed
calyx. Corolla exserted, bilabiate.

Plateaux of N. Patagon., above Rio Negro.

3. LIPPIA Linn.

Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate. Flowers small, bracted,
in spikes or heads. Calyx small, 2-4-merous. Corolla 4-cleft, 2-lipped.
Ovary 2-celled ; fruit dry, separating into 4 achenes.

Species 100, most in tropical Amer. ; some extending to Mex. ; and
outliers in Galapagos, Africa, Timor (not in Australasia).

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3*7, p. 150, C, D.)

1. L. FOLIOLOSA Phil.

Low, fruticose, rather glabrous. Leaves crowded, minute, cuneate,
oblong, 3-lobed, marginally revolute, with a leaf-fascicle in the axil.
Spikes axillary along the branches, and terminal, short, subglobular.
Bracts ovate, scarcely shorter than the hispid calyx.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., Chubut, by Lago Fontana.

2. L. JUNCEA Schauer.

Suffruticose ; sparsely leafy, glabrous. Branches long, fistulose. Leaves
oblong, acute, or elliptic, the base narrowing to a petiole. Spikes termi-
nal, somewhat lax. Flowers distichous ; bracts scale-like. Calyx short,
hairy, its teeth short, unequal.

Valdivia to N. Patagon., Mts. in Chubut.

3. L. LYCIOIDES Steud.

Shrub, with tetragonal branches, and spinescent, hoary-pubescent branch-
lets. Leaves aromatic, opposite, elliptical or lanceolate-oblong, attenuate-
petiolate, subrevolute, entire or serrate from the middle, punctate above
and below, tomentose. Solitary, axillary racemes, panicled at ends of
branches and interruptedly whorled. Calyx campanulate, hirsute-villous,
with subulate teeth. Corolla exceeding the calyx by half, its throat villous.

(Argentina and S. Brazil ; its leaves are put into Paraguay Tea, and
also used medicinally. Poleo of the Spaniards; Tschoike-mammel or
Ostrich-wood of the Araucanians. Also in Mexico.)

N. Patagon.

692 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

4. LIPPIA NODIFLORA (L.) Michx.

Creeping, short, appressed, dense hairs. Leaves thickish, spatulate to
obovate, serrate toward their apex, entire and cuneate toward their base.
Pedtmcles slender, many times exceeding the leaves, arising from the
nodes. Heads ovoid. Calyx flat, 2-cleft. Corolla purple to white.

(In warm parts of United States and W. Indies ; and in all tropical
sandy sea-coasts.) N. Patagon., by Roca Exped.

5. L. SERIPHIOIDES A. Gray.

Intricately branching, scabrid shrub. Leaves minute (2-5 mm. long),
fasciculate, linear-spatulate or cuneate, usually 3-lobed, revolute. Heads
globose, at length elongating, solitary or racemed from short axillary
peduncles. Bracts ovate, shorter than the bifid calyx. Anthers often
with glandular appendages.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; S. Patagon., at Puerto Madryn. (Dusen).

The characteristic species of Patagonia, not extending far beyond its
boundaries; "Tomillo del campos" (Span.), "Loom" (Araucan.). Used
as Thyme for flavoring, and its infusion as medicine.

(L. citriodora (Lam.) Kunth., also known as Aloysia, and as Verbena
triphylla, a stiff, branching shrub, with whorls of 3-4 leaves, and panicled
spikes of flowers, is a garden favorite on account of its fragrance. Being
a native of Chili, it may occur in North Patagonia.)

4. MONOPYRENA Speg.

Calyx tubular, 5-costate, 5-dentate, in fruit changing or scarcely accres-
cent ; corolla-tube straight, little enlarged upwards, limb patent, obscurely
2-labiate ; lobes 5, obtuse or retuse, the posterior external, the anterior
internal. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted above the middle of the
retrorsely hispid tube ; anthers ovate, the upper pair produced to a cla-
vate appendage ; the lower pair not appendaged ; the cells subparallel.
Ovary superior, entire, even in anthesis perfectly 4-celled ; cells i-ovulate.
Style short, subtruncate, emarginate ; ovules fixed laterally near the base.
Fruit enclosed in the calyx, dry, quite glabrous, not separating (2 of its
pyrenes usually abortive), with an interrupted lacunula. Seeds linear,
erect, with thin testa.

Distinguished from Lippia by the cells of the pyrene being 2 ; from
Verbena by the pyrenes not separating.

MACLOSKIE I VERBENACE^E.

693

MONOPYRENA SERPYLLIFOLIA Speg.

Prostrate woody shrub, all appressed-canescent-hispidulous. Young
twigs slender. Leaves opposite, minute, obovate or rhomboid, thickish,
entire. Spikes acrogenous, capitate, densely flowered. Corollas white
with yellow throat.

Cortex rimose ; woody white. Resembles a woolly Thymus serpylhim.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

5. RHAPHITHAMNUS Miers.

Small trees or shrubs, often armed, with opposite leaves and hermaph-
rodite, often racemed, minutely bracteolate flowers. Calyx urceolate,
shortly 5-toothed, accrescent. Corolla funnelform, its tube ventricose and
contracted above, its limb spreading, 4-lobed and the posterior lobe
2-parted. Stamens didynamous, and a posterior rudiment. Ovary sub-
globose, 2-carpellary ; each carpel 2-celled, the cells i -seeded. Style fili-
form 2-lamellate at top, scarcely exsert. Drupe enclosed in the fleshy calyx.

Species 6, Chili, Fernandez (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 157, O-R.)

i. R. CYANQCARPUS Miers (Hook. & Arn., sub Citharexyhmi}.

Evergreen tree, to 6 m. high, with spines and glossy leaves. Branches
terete, compressed at the nodes, FlG g

yellow, often appressed-hirsute.
Spines slender, orange, 2-3 times
as long as the leaves. Leaves
arising below the spines, orbicu-
lar-ovate to rotundate, mucron-
ate, margin revolute, sparsely
dotted and sparsely hairy. Flow-
ers pendulous, solitary and oppo-
site, some in short, 3-4-flowered
racemes, lilac. Dmpes blue, as
large as peas. (Fig. 89.)

(Central Chili) ; Valdivia.

"Arroyon espinado" (Prickly myrtle). The Indians rub pieces of its
wood together in order to strike fire. "Conspicuous for its numerous
bright green leaves, accompanied by golden spines and lilac flowers, inter-
mixed with blue shining drupes." (J. Miers.)

Rhaphithamtis cyanocarpus. — Flowering branch,
slightly reduced; also flower and fruit, slightly magni-
fied. (After Hooker & Arnott.)

694 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. RHAPHITHAMNUS PARVIFOLIUS Miers.

Lower (4 m.) than last, with smaller leaves and shorter branches.
Leaves mostly ternate, ovate-oblong, gradually acute from their middle,
much dotted, not revolute. Spines few, exceeding the leaves. Axillary
racemes, about 3-flowered. Flowers pale blue. Drupe smaller than a
pea.

(Chili & Is.) ; Valdivia, by Rio Negro.

Family 98. LABIATE. Mint Family.

Herbs or shrubs (or rarely tropical trees), with quadrangular stems and
opposite leaves, mostly aromatic. Flowers axillary in the upper leaves ;
usually in cymes or verticillasters, often forming a terminal spike or
thyrse. Perianth zygomorphous, sympetalous, bilabiate. Stamens 4,
didynamous, or only 2 ; epipetalous. Ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed ;
the style arising from its central depression, simple, apically bifid. Fruit
enclosed in the persistent calyx, separating into 4 small, i -seeded achenes.
Seeds with scanty or no endosperm.

Species 3,000, widely distributed in temperate and warm climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

(The Patagonian genera have the style completely gynobasic ; dry nutlets with thin pericarp,
basilar, or rarely basi-dorsal, attachment, and usually small stigma.)

A. Seed more or less transversal. Embyro with curved radicle lying on one of the cotyledons.
Mature calyx not urceolate, bipartite and a deciduous protuberance on its dorsal surface.
Its anterior segment persists. I. Scutellaria, p. 695.

A2. Seed erect. Embryo with straight, short, superior radicle. Disk -lobes when present alter-
nating with fruit-lobes. Nutlets with small, basilar attachment.
b. Filaments ascending, or diverging and straight.

c. Corolla-tube usually included by the calyx ; stamens and style included ; nutlets ovoid,
rounded above. Dorsal lip of corolla specialized. Calyx 5— lo-toothed. Anthers
diverging ; the pollen sacs ultimately fusing by their apex. Cymes axillary.

2. Marmbium, p. 695.

c2. Corolla-tube usually not included ; and stamens not included in the corolla-tube.

Calyx 5-toothed, or 2-lipped with the lower lip at least toothed. Anther-lobes

parallel or diverging, long or ovoid, but not fusing apically, and not spreading wide

after shedding their pollen.

d. Corolla strongly 2-lipped ; the upper lip concave, partly sickle or helmet-shaped

Anthers ovoid. Stamens 4, the dorsal pair shorter.

e. Calyx short-tubular, obscurely ribbed, 2-lipped, the lips short, entire. Corolla
exsert, with broad tube ; its upper lip broad-ovate, retuse ; its under lip 3-
lobed, the mid lobe twice as large as the side lobes, hairy inside. Stamens

MACLOSKIE : LABIATE. 695

ascend under the upper lip. Anther-lobes ultimately X-shaped. A low
shrub with ovate, entire, 3 -nerved leaves. 3. Cruzia, p. 696.

e2. Calyx tubular-campanulate or with wide border and somewhat funnelform, with
5 triangular teeth, rarely 2-lipped. Corolla-tube mostly included. Upper
corolla-lip concave or helmet-shaped, rarely flat. Style branches subequal.
Pollen-sacs parallel, spreading. Nutlets ovoid, apically rounded.

4. Stachys, p. 696.

d2. Corolla 2-lipped or almost regular, its lobes flat. Upper lip, if present, flat or
slightly concave. Anthers ovoid, the pollen-sacs diverging. Calyx 10-13,
rarely 15-nerved, the teeth not attenuate-awned. Stamens ascending under the
upper lip.

e. Fertile stamens 2 (the anterior pair) ; the others none or reduced. Lower calyx-
teeth not exceeding the upper. Styles naked. 5. Hedeoma, p. 697.
e2. Fertile stamens 4. Calyx lo-nerved, cylindrical, or slightly flat upwards.
Lower calyx-teeth at least as long as the upper. Corolla-tube straight or
slightly curved, included or exsert. Calyx not elongated in fruit.

6. Satureia, p. 697.

b2. Filaments descending, lying on or enclosed by the under lip. Anterior lobes of the
corolla scarcely longer, but narrower than the posterior, flat, or slightly concave.
Ripe calyx enlarged. Corolla-tube included or nearly so. Filaments of anterior
stamens free. Style sagittately 2-cleft. 7. Ocimum, p. 698.

i. SCUTELLARIA Linn. Skullcap. (Plate XXIV, A.)

Herbs or undershrubs, with gibbous, 2-lipped calyx, whose upper lip
has a crest, or protuberance on its back, and is often deciduous in fruit.
Corolla much exserted. Stamens 4 ; the upper with 2-celled anthers, the
lower with i-celled.

Species 100, widely distributed.

S. NUMMULARIyEFOLIA Hook. f.

Small, glandular-puberulent or densely pubescent. Stems 9 cm. high,
slender, ascending. Leaves small (6 by 4 mm.), broad, elliptical-oblong
to rotundate, obtuse, entire, narrowing to a short petiole. Floral leaves
like the others. Corolla thrice as long as the calyx.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher, at Rio Sta. Cruz ; Nordenskjold in Valley of
Rio Gallegos ; Dusen in N. and E. Fuegia. Not in S. Fuegia ; a steppe-
plant, most characteristic of Patagon. (Dusen).

2. MARRUBIUM Linn.

Perennial herbs, with wrinkled, toothed or incised leaves, the floral
leaves similar, and small flowers in axillary verticillasters. Calyx costate,

696 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

5-io-toothed. Corolla-tube included; upper lip nearly plane or concave.
Stamens 4, the anterior pair the longer. Pollen-sacs at length confluent.
Niitlets apically rounded.

Species 30, Old World ; i in Amer. (introduced).

MARRUBIUM VULGARE Linn. Horehound.

Branches white-woolly. Leaves ovate or rounded, petioled, soft-
woolly, greenish to white, crenate. Calyx-teetk 10, subulate, recurved,
woolly. Corolla white, its lower lip 3-cleft, spreading.

(Eurasia; Amer.); Patagon.

3. CRUZIA Phil.

Calyx short, tubular, ecostate, bilabiate, with short, entire lips, and
glabrous on the back. Corolla rather large, with ample tube, exsert ; its
upper lip broadly ovate, emarginate ; its lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
rounded, the mid one twice as broad, bearded inside. Stamens 4, on the
upper side ; anther-cells confluent, at length round-reniform.

Species i, viz.:

C. SERPYLLACEA Phil.

Low shrub, rough, hairy, with filiform branches. Leaves obovate-or-
bicular, short-petioled, entire, 3-nerved. Flowers shortly pediceled, with
subulate bractlets.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

4. STACHYS Linn.

Herbs, with flowers clustered in terminal, dense or interrupted spikes.
Calyx campanulate, 5-io-nerved, its 5 teeth subequal, not spreading.
Corolla with narrow tube ; its upper lip erect, concave, entire or emar-
ginate; its lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe broad. Stamens
4, ascending, the anterior the longer; anthers contiguous in pairs, their
sacs diverging. Style 2-cleft. Achenes ovoid.

Species 200, in temperate and cold regions ; in S. Afr. and Chili ; not
in Austr., nor in New Zeal.

5. CHONOTICA Hook. f.

Erect, hispid-pilose. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-
oblong, obtuse or acute, cordate at base, crenate-serrate. Floral leaves

MACLOSKIE I LABIAT/E. 697

bract-like, exceeding the calyx. Verticillasters 4-8-flowered, remote.
Calyx hispid, its teeth ovate-awned. Corolla glabrous, its tube longer
than the calyx.

(Close to S. sylvatica of Europe, but with narrower and more obtuse
leaves, shorter petioles and less deeply cleft lower lip.)

(Chili) ; Chonos Archip.

5. HEDEOMA Pers. Mock Penny-royal.

Leaves small, entire or crenulate. Flowers small, in axillary clusters,
crowded into terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx tubular, 13-nerved, vil-
lous inside. Corolla with erect upper lip and spreading lower lip. Sta-
mens 2, ascending under the upper lip; staminodes 2 or none. Style
2-cleft. Achenes ovoid, smooth.

Species 15, America.

H. MULTIFLORA Benth.

Suffruticose, branching from the base ; the branches pubescent. Leaves
subsessile, linear, entire, revolute, punctate, scabrous. Verticillasters
axillary, 2-6-flowered. Corolla twice as long as the hispid calyx.
Bracts at the base of the pedicel 2, resembling leaves, but shorter than
the pedicel. Style exserted, the under lobe involving the upper.

(Argentina; S. Brazil); N. Patagon. "Menta del campo," used medi-
cinally, its decoction for diarrhoea.

6. SATUREIA Linn. Savory, Pampas Tea.

Herbs or shrubs, with small leaves, sometimes also with leaf-fascicles in
the axils ; and with bracted, purple flowers in terminal or axillary clusters.
Calyx campanulate, usually 10-13 (-i5)-nerved, naked or villous inside.
Corolla with upper lip erect, flat, sometimes emarginate ; lower lip spread-
ing, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, connivent under the upper lip. Style 2-cleft
above.

Species 18, one used as a garden herb; most in Mediterranean region.

i. S. DARWINII (Benth., sub Micromerid] Briq. (Plate XXIV, B.)

Low, diffuse, from a woody stock, pale or hoary. Leaves petiolate,
ovate or obovate, narrow at base, scarcely revolute. Verticillasters 2-
flowered. Calyx subsessile, i3-nerved, the teeth short, obtuse; villous

698 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

inside. Corolla-tube short, exserted. Fruit with a crimson disk support-
ing the light-yellow achenes.

S. Patagon., by Peterson at Coy Inlet; by Dusen at Rio Sta. Cruz and
in E. Fuegia; by Nordenskj., at Valley of Rio Gallegos. "Sta. Cruz
Tea," "Pampas-tea," growing in patches everywhere over the pampas.

2. SATUREIA PUSILLA (Phil, sub Micromeria].

Low, 6 cm., much branching, the filiform branches and leaves glabrous.
Leaves 3.5 mm. long, equalling the internodes, ovate, apically rounded,
attenuate-petiolate. Flowers axillary, the verticillasters 2-flowered.
Peduncles scarcely half as long as the calyx, 2-bracteolate. Calyx hispid,
with white, spreading bristles, its tube 3-5 mm. long ; its teeth acute, erect,
subequal, triangular. Anthers and stigma subincluded.

Magellan, by Safford at Gregory Bay.

7. OCIMUM Linn.

Terminal racemes or panicles of rather small, white flowers, with
exserted genitalia, and short corolla-titbe. Calyx deflexed in fruit, with
broad posterior tooth. Upper corolla-lip 4-cleft ; lower entire. Disk of
1-4 glands. Stamens 4, anther-lobes confluent, i -celled, reniform.
Achenes dry, mucilaginous when wetted.

Species 60, tropical.

O. CARNOSUM Link. & Otto.

Stem herbaceous, subglabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acutish,
coarsely serrate, glabrous, somewhat fleshy. Floral leaves bract-like,
deciduous. Racemes simple, many-flowered. Calyx campanulate, gla-
brous, its throat naked inside, the margins of the upper tooth reflexed
and decurrent; the lateral teeth truncate, cuspidate; the lowest teeth
setaceous-mucronate. Corolla purplish, scarcely longer than the calyx.
Upper filaments with a basal tuft of hairs. Achenes triquetrous, black,
smooth.

(S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

Family 99. SOLANACE.E. Potato Family.

Usually herbs or shrubs, with regular, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers,
often in cymes and bractless. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with

MACLOSKIE I SOLANACE^. 699

the corolla-lobes (except Petunia). Ovary superior, mostly 2-celled.
Style slender, simple. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds many, with
endosperm.

Species 1,250, in warm countries. Some in extra-tropical America,

and in Australia.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Embryo curved more than a semicircle. Stamens all 5 fertile, subequal. Ovary 2-celled.

Fruit a berry.

b. Filament fixed on the lower end of the small connective, which lies between the pollen-
sacs ; chief axis of plant elongated.

c. Corolla narrow tubular with narrow border, funnel- or salverform. Stamens inserted in
the tube, not toothed at the insertion. Woody plants, usually with I -flowered axil-
lary flowers. I. Lycium, p. 699.
02. Corolla rotate or campanulate, with broad border.

d. Anthers free, opening by longitudinal slits. Calyx close under the fruit, ribbed,
bladderform, enclosing the berry. Corolla rotate. Flowers solitary.

2. Phy satis, p. 705.
d2. Anthers connivent in a tube, or free and then opening by terminal pores ; outer wall

thicker than inner. 3. Solatium, p. 705.

62. Filament dorsifixed in the anther, or, if joining the lower end of the connective, this runs

up dorsally.
c. Shrubs, trees, or herbs, with elongated axis. Corolla crownless.

4. Salpichroa, p. 707.
c2. Herbs with short or creeping axis. Corolla funnelform, with spreading border and

narrow tube. 5. Jaborosa, p. 708.

A2. Embryo straight or only slightly bent (less than a semicircle). Seeds with endosperm.

Stamens all fertile, subequal, or 1-3 shorter.
b. Fruit a few-seeded berry. Corolla lobes folded in the bud. Woody plants.

6. Oestrum, p. 708.

b2. Fruit a septicidal capsule, with many small seeds. Stamens unequal. Mostly with soli-
tary, terminal or lateral flowers.

c. Shrub. Stamens shorter than the corolla. 7. Fabiana, p. 709.

c2. Herbs. No mid-lobes between the 5 corolla-lobes.

d. Filaments inserted midway or lower in the corolla-tube, which gradually widens
upwards. Stigma shortly 2-lobed. Capsule with unparted, or nearly un-
parted valve. 8. Petunia, p. 710.

d2. Filaments inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube, which suddenly widens
to the border. 9. Nierembergla, p. 711.

AT,. Capsule i-celled, i-seeded. (Ovary 2-celled.) Small shrubs with rosulate leaves, and
erect, yellowish-white flowers ; corolla-tube long, with short limb.

10. Benthamiella, p. 712.

i. LYCIUM Linn.

Shrubs or climbers often spiny, with small, alternate, entire leaves, often
with leaf-fascicles in the axils ; and white or greenish or purplish flowers.

7OO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Calyx small, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Corolla-lobes imbricate,
not plicate. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers opening by slits,
often protruding. Berry globose to oblong, nearly dry.

Species 75, in warm and temperate regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl,
iv, 3$, p. 15, H-K.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Unarmed.

b. Leaves very narrow, capillary-linear, fleshy, pubescent, fascicled. Flowers solitary, small.

Berry small, red. capillare.

b2. Leaves narrow-linear, thickish, glabrous. Flowers solitary, on slender pedicels. Corolla-
tube thrice as long as calyx. Branches feeble. filifolium.
£3. Leaves small, linear-spatulate or narrower, glabrous, ciliate, fascicled.

c. Flowers solitary, subsessile. melanopotamicum.

c2. Flowers few or solitary, shortly pediceled. acanthocladum.

64. Leaves solitary, obovate to spatulate, glabrous or hairy. Flower solitary, axillary.

Corolla twice as long as calyx. Prostrate, creeping. repens.

b$. Leaves varying, fascicled, some separate. Corolla short, funnelform, lilac-white, turning

yellow. Berries red. salsum.

Az. Nearly unarmed, glabrous. Leaves fleshy, small, spatulate, or long and narrow. Flowers
solitary ; corolla-tube twice as long as the hairy calyx ; tufts and glands inside. Berry
scarlet. patagonicum.

A$. Spinose shrubs.

b. Tufts and glands in the corolla-tube.

c. Leaves few, minute, obovate, fleshy. Flowers solitary, long-peduncled. Berry red.

Glabrous plants. infaustum.

c2. Leaves fascicled, minute, narrow-linear to spatulate. Flowers few on solitary short

peduncles. Berry scarlet. Pubescent. pubescens.

i>2. Leaves small, clavate, solitary on the spines, or fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fas-
cicles, short-pediceled.

c. Flowers 5-merous, greenish. chubutense.

C2. Flowers 4-merous, white. durispina.

£3. Leaves linear-subulate, long attenuate-petiolate, fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fas-
cicles. Corolla narrow-tubular, hairy. Berry scarlet. elongatum.
64. Leaves narrow-linear, minute, viscous, fascicled. Flowers solitary in the fascicles.

Calyx tubular, cleft; corolla-limb short. tenuispinosum.

£5. Leaves small, linear-spatulate. Calyx minute; corolla attenuate. Berries bright red;

spines strong. wilkesii.

b6. Leaves oblong-linear or subspatulate. Flowers usually in pairs from fascicles. Corolla

thrice as long as calyx. longiflorum.

bj. Leaves oblanceolate, fascicled. Flowers few pediceled. amegftinoi.

I. LVCIUM ACANTHOCLADUM Speg.

Brachycope (sc. corolla-tube cylindrical, lobes not half as long, calyx
4-toothed; filaments hairy). Woolly filaments, calyx 4-toothed, rough.

MACLOSKIE I SOLANACE^.

701

Shrub, with densely intricate branches, more or less thick and densely
nodulose ; the nodules tuberculiform, elliptical. Leaves fasciculate, linear-
spatulate, obtuse, their base long-cuneate, sessile. Flowers few— gregarious
or solitary in the leaf-fascicles. Pedicel glabrous, just exceeding the small
calyx. Corolla lilac, broad funnelform, at least four times as long as the
calyx. Style long, exsert.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

2. LYCIUM AMEGHINOI Speg.

Brachycope, perennial spinose shrub, with the nodes of the branches
scarcely prominent. Leaves fasciculate, oblanceolate, attenuate both ways,
thickish, glabrous. Flowers few-gregarious, shortly pediceled. Corolla
white, twice as long as the calyx, glabrous.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

3. L. CAPILLARE Miers.

Shrubby, unarmed; branches virgate, very slender, horizontally divari-
cate, white-pubescent, with pale yellow lines decurrent from the nodes on
both sides. Leaves fascicled (5 to 8), capillary-linear, finely pubescent,
fleshy (8 by % mm.). Flowers solitary, small, on slender peduncles. Calyx
small, cup-like, 5-striate and 5-toothed, the teeth glabrous, acute. Corolla-
tube 5-sulcate, the limb with 5 oblong segments, ciliolate. Stamens equal,
exserted, glabrous. Berry the size of a
small pea, red, supported by the cleft calyx.
(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

4. L. CHUBUTENSE Dusen.

Armed. Shrub, i m. high, much branch-
ing; the cortex pale gray, subrimose-glan-
dular on young branchlets, which become
spines. Leaves small, solitary on the spines, Lydum chubutense, flowering branch,

Or fasciculate, attenuate, Sessile below, natural size; also magnified flower (on

mostly clavate, entire, glanduliferous. Flow- ^ ' . A1r L' frif™' ^ ^\

,. left) and calyx (below). (After Dusen.)

ers solitary in the leaf-fascicles, short-pedi-

celed, with glandular hairs. Calyx subcylindrical, 5-lobed to the middle ;

its lobes narrow and slightly reflexed. Corolla funnelform, with cylin-

702 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS ! BOTANY.

drical tube, much exceeding the calyx ; pale green, with 5 rounded lobes.
Stamens and style slightly exsert. (Fig. 90, except right figure.)
S. Patagon., at Puerto Madryn.

5. LYCIUM DURISPINA Dusen.

Shrub, under i m. high, intricately branching, very rigid, spinose.
Cortex smooth, rimose. Leaves solitary or fasciculate, short, mostly
clavate, obtuse, sessile, entire, fleshy, glandular. Flowers 1-3 in the
fascicles, short-pediceled. Calyx short-cylindraceous, 4-cleft, the seg-
ments broadly triangular. Corolla white, cylindraceous, twice as long
as the calyx, 4-lobed, with rounded, revolute segments. Stamens and
style slightly exsert. (Fig. 90, right figure.)

Allied to L. ameghinoi Speg.

Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut, at Rawson.

6. L. ELONGATUM Miers.

Armed. Glabrous, branching shrub, the branchlets spinescent, flexu-
ose, glaucous-gray. Leaves 4-8, fascicled, linear-subulate, obtuse, long,
attenuate-petiolate, rather fleshy. Flowers solitary in the fascicles, short-
pediceled. Calyx cylindrical, its subulate lobes as long as its tube. Co-
rolla narrow-tubular, externally hairy, its lobes very short, rounded.
Stamens unequal, included. Style exsert. Small, scarlet, ovate berry.

(Argentina); Patagon., by Rio Negro; Puerto Madryn.

7. L. FILIFOLIUM Gill.

Unarmed. Small shrub, with feeble branches on the ground, glabrous.
Leaves narrow-linear (about 14 by three-fourths mm.), thickish. Flowers
slender pediceled, solitary. Calyx cup-like, 2 mm. long, 5-6-costate and
toothed, somewhat hairy. Corolla-tube thrice as long, with a beaded
basal ring, 5-6 oblong lobes, shorter than its tube. Stamens 5-6, in-
serted in the narrowed part of the tube, protruding.

(Argentina, Tschayem); N. Patagon.

L. FILIFOLIUM MINUTIFOLIUM MierS.

Branches almost filiform. Leaves 4-5 mm. by one-half mm. Calyx
3 mm. long. Berry red, 4 mm. diam.
Patagon.

MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE^E. 703

8. LYCIUM INFAUSTUM Miers.

Spinose. Glabrous shrub, intricately branching; the branchlets pale
and angulate-ribbed. Leaves few, minute, obovate, fleshy, pale. Flowers
solitary, long pediceled. Calyx small, urceolate, with 5 triangular teeth.
Corolla funnelform, its segments ovate, shorter than its tube. Stamens
long-exserted ; 5 tufts of hair alternating with 5 staminal ciliated glands
in the corolla-tube. Berry red, smaller than a pea.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

9. L. LONGIFLORUM Phil.

Spinose and glabrous; the virgate branches emitting frequent spines
25-50 mm. long. Leaves fascicled, oblong-linear, basally attenuate, sub-
spatulate. Flowers generally in pairs from the leaf-fascicles, with short,
filiform peduncle. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular-funnelform,
thrice as long as the calyx. Stamens 5, exsert, and longer than the style.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

IO. L. MELANOPOTAMICUM Nied.

Unarmed shrub, with virgate, costate branches. Leaves glabrous, cil-
iate-edged, 4-7 in a fascicle, from cup-like nodes ; small, linear-spatulate,
or linear, basi-attenuate, subsessile, 2-7 mm. long, their apex callous-
mucronate. Flowers solitary on pedicels of 3 mm.

N. Patagon.

ii. L. PATAGONICUM Miers. (L. salsum patagonicum O. Ktze.)
Nearly unarmed, glabrous, branching; the branchlets angulate, with
tawny ribs. Leaves small, spatulate, or long and narrow, fleshy, thick-
edged, short-petioled. Flowers solitary, the 5-toothed calyx and pedicel
hairy. Corolla-tube funnelform, twice as long as the calyx ; with a fleshy
pilose ring outside below, and alternating hair-tufts and ciliated staminal
glands inside. Corolla-lobes 5, oblong, ciliate, exceeding the tube.
Stamens exsert. Berry ovate, scarlet.
Patagon., by Rivers Chico and Sta. Cruz.

12. L. PUBESCENS Miers. (L. salstmi piibescens O. Ktze.)
Armed. Pubescent, branching; the branches horizontal, spinose, leafy.
Leaves very small, fascicled, narrow-linear to spatulate, nearly glutinous-
tomentose. Flowers few, from solitary, short peduncles. Calyx urceo-

704 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

late, with 5 linear teeth. Corolla-tube twice as long, having hair-tufts and
starninal glands alternating; its lobes oblong, exceeding the tube.
Stamens inserted low in the tube ; anthers exserted. Berry small, scarlet.
Patagon.

13. LYCIUM REPENS Speg.

Brachycope (see L. acanthocladum}. Calyx 5-toothed, filaments smooth.
Unarmed, prostrate, creeping perennial, laxly branching. Leaves soli-
tary, thickish, obovate or spatulate, often obtuse, glabrous or pubescent.
Flowers solitary, axillary, peduncle bractless, shorter than the leaves.
Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Fruit subglobose, black in the
scarcely accrescent calyx.

S. Patagon., by Rivers Deseado and Sta. Cruz.

14. L. SALSUM Ruiz & Pav.

Leaves partly fascicled, partly separate. Corolla funnelform, short,
deeply partite, lilac-white turning yellowish, the genitalia exsert. Calyx
broad-toothed. Red berries. Varying as to pilosity and breadth of leaf.
Several varieties are thus derived, extending over subtropical and cool
parts of S. Amer.

L. SALSUM FLORIBUNDUM (Miers) O. Ktze.
Plant pubescent. Leaves plane linear.
(Argentina) ; Patagon.

15. L. TENUISPINOSUM Miers.

Armed. Intricately branching, viscous-hairy shrub, the branches tawny,
and very aciculate-spinose. Leaves minute, fasciculate, narrow-linear.
Flowers solitary from the fascicles. Calyx tubular, with jointed hairs, 5-
cleft beyond the middle, their segments lanceolate, reflexed. Corolla-
limb shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted, their insertion upwards in
the tube.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

1 6. L. WILKESII Ball.

With sharp, strong spines. Leaves small, linear-spatulate. Calyx
minute, its lobes short. Corolla attenuate, subentire, rather crenate at
its mouth. Pedicels short, elongating under the bright red berries.

N. Patagon., " Hurngan" ; "Mataperro." Dogs are hurt by its spines.

MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE^E. 705

2. PHYSALIS Linn.

Herbs, sometimes woody at base, with entire or sinuately toothed leaves,
and mostly solitary, axillary pedzmcles. Calyx enlarged in fruit like a
bladder around the pulpy berry. Corolla yellow, or white, or with a dark
center, sub-campanulate, plicate. Anthers opening by slits.

Species 50, many in Amer.

P. VISCOSA Linn.

Perennial from a creeping stock ; having dense, stellate, ashy pubescence.
Leaves elliptic to ovate, obtuse, entire or wavy, sometimes basally cor-
date. Peduncles 1-2 mm. long. Calyx stellately hairy, its lobes tri-
angular, short. Berry orange.

(S. United States to Argentina. Called Camanbu in N. Brazil ; widely
spread near inhabited places) ; N. Patagon.

3. SOLANUM Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, often stellately hairy ; with the stamens inserted in the
throat of the rotate corolla, and the anthers united into a cone and usually
opening by terminal pores. Ovary 2-celled, becoming a globose berry.

Species 900, most in tropical America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinuate, scaly-tomentose, sometimes prickly. Raceme few-flowered,

cymose, silvery. elceagnifolium.

A2. Leaves oblong, subsessile, basi-cuneate, apically 3-lobed, and laterally lobed, tomentose
underneath. Terminally subumbellate, 2-3-flowered. chenopodifolium.

AI. Leaves ovate.

b. Leaves rather large, toothed, glabrous. Stem and raceme forked. furcatum.

b2. Leaves inequilateral, subentire, subglabrous. Umbel lateral, 3-1 o-flowered. Berry black.

nigrum.
A^. Leaves pinnately divided.

b. Leaf-segments linear, obtuse, mid one small. Upper leaves entire. Raceme terminal,

forked. Berry scarlet. maritimum.

&2. Mid leaf-segment large. Corymb terminal, few-flowered. commersonii. .

£3. Leaf-segments linear, entire or appendaged at base. Peduncles lateral, I -few -flowered,

nutant in fruit. pryrethrifolium.

64. Interruptedly pinnatisect, the alternate segments small. Corymbs terminal. Tuberiferous.

tuberosum.

i. S. CHENOPODIFOLIUM Dunal.

Shrub. Branches obscurely sanguineous, subquadrangular, angulate-
winged, pilose. Leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, cuneate at base, api-

706 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

cally 3-lobed ; the lateral lobes tooth-like, mid-lobe long and large, obtuse,
green-hairy above, ruddy-tomentose beneath. Racemes terminal, about
3-flowered ; flowers pediceled, subumbellate.
(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

2. SOLANUM COMMERSONII Dunal.

Stem herbaceous, pilose. Leaves petiolate, subpinnatisect ; the ter-
minal segment large ; lateral segments unequal, mostly obtuse. Racemes
terminal, corymbose, few-flowered. Corolla-segments narrow, acute.

(Montevideo) ; N. Patagon.

3. S. EL/EAGNIFOLIUM Cav.

Stems suffruticose, from a subterranean caudex, branching, scaly tomen-
tose, hoary, spinose. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, sinuate-repand,
discolored, scaly tomentose on both sides, unarmed or sparsely prickly;
silvery and nervose underneath. Racemes few-flowered, cymose, silvery.

(Mexico to Argentina); N. Patagon., "following civilization south-
wards of Buenos Ayres as a troublesome weed."

4. S. FURCATUM Dunal..

Stem herbaceous, subdichotomous, angulate-toothed, glabrous. Leaves
rather large, ovate, dentate, glabrous. Racemes furcate.

(Peru) ; W. Patagon.

5. S. MARITIMUM Meyen.

Pulverulent-scabrous. Stem herbaceous (?), compressed-trigonal, much
branching, divaricate. Leaves succulent, pinnatipartite, 15 mm. long, the
segments linear-obtuse, mid one short, laterals entire or i -toothed down-
wards at base. Upper leaves linear, entire. Raceme terminal bifid,
divergent, flowers nodding. Corolla-lobes acute, blue. Fruit scarlet.
Near pyrethrifolium Gris.

(Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

6. S. NIGRUM Linn. Black Nightshade.

Erect, branching annual, glabrous or with simple hairs. Leaves petioled,
ovate, inequilateral, mostly entire, acute. Peduncles lateral, umbellately
3-io-flowered. Calyx-lobes oblong, spreading, shorter than the white
corolla, persisting under the black, shining berry.

MACLOSKIE I SOLANACE^. 707

(Old and New Worlds, in waste places.) Greatly varying as to the
leaf-margin and as to the degree of glabrescence.

SOLANUM NIGRUM FRUTESCENS.

N. Patagon.

S. NIGRUM HUMILE. (S. humile Salisb. Prodr. 134.)
N. Patagon.

7. S. PYRETHRIFOLIUM Gr.

Unarmed, branching, diffused annual herb, 30 cm. high,strigose, pubes-
cent. Leaves pinnatipartite, attenuate to a slender petiole ; parts 3-5
pairs, linear, entire, or appendaged at the base. Peduncles lateral, i -few-
flowered, cernuous, reflexed and nodding in fruit. Calyx small, 5-cleft, a
little shorter than the corolla. Anther-pores oblong, introrse.

(Argentina); N. Patagon.

8. S. TUBEROSUM Linn. Potato.

Unarmed, tuberiferous herb, with interruptedly pinnatisect leaves, their
segments alternately larger and smaller ; and terminal corymbs on articu-
late pedicels, having plicate, 5-angled corolla.

Chonos Archip.

S. TUBEROSUM VULGARE.

Pubescent, stem robust. Leaves large, and flowers rather large. Calyx-
lobes broad-ovate, acuminate.

Chonos Archip., there called Papas, supposed to be the origin of the cul-
tivated potato. Other varieties, with smaller flowers, in Peru, Chili, and
Argentina, all called Maglia, produce tubers under cultivation.

4. SALPICHROA Miers.

Branching herbs or shrubs, with long-petioled, entire, mostly small
leaves, and solitary white or yellow flowers. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.
Corolla crownless, its lobes induplicate, valvate. Anthers dorsifixed,
opening by slits. Disk fleshy. Berry ovoid. Seeds compressed.

Species 10, in extra-tropical S. Amer.

S. RHOMBOIDEA Miers.

Procumbent or climbing undershrub. Stems pale yellow. Branches
oppositifoliose, flexuose, subangulate, green, hairy. Leaves ovate-rhom-
boid, rather unequal at base, hoary above, pale underneath. Peduncles

708 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

slender, hairy, rather pendulous. Corolla glabrous, white, its lobes oblong-
linear, acute, reflexed.

(Brazil, and spreading southwards from Argentina) ; N. Patagon. ;
Magellan. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3<5, p. 26, K, L.)

5. JABOROSA Juss. (including Himeranthus Endl.).

Prostrate creeping or cespitose perennials, often from a thick rhizome,
with toothed or pinnatified leaves, and white or yellowish flowers, usually
on long peduncles. Calyx campanulate, scarcely enlarging in fruit.
Corolla often hairy inside. Disk small or none. Anthers opening by
slits. Stigmatic lobes 2-5, oblong, conniving. Berry globose, not juicy.

Species 9, chiefly in Bolivia, Chili, Argentina.

i. J. MAGELLANICA Benth. & Hook. (Gris. sub Himeranthus].

Rhizome napiform. Stem prostrate, diffuse, woolly. Leaves on a long,
woolly petiole, runcinate, fleshy, glabrous, the segments with mucronate
teeth. Pedimcles extra-axillary, aggregate, cernuous in fruit, shorter than
the petioles. Bracteoles minute, hairy. Calyx 5-partite, short. Corolla-
limb twice as long as its tube, the segments ovate-oblong, exceeding the
didymous anthers and clavate style. Berry biglobose, smooth, with many
reniform seeds.

Magellan; E. Fuegia (Dusen) ; Killik Aike (Barnum Brown).

2. J. RUNCINATA Lam. (Endl. sub Himeranthus].

Leaves oblong, lyrate-runcinate, petiolate. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves. Rhizome woody, creeping and going deep.
(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

6. CESTRUM Linn.

Shrubs or low trees, glabrous or hirtellate, or stellately tomentose ; with
alternate, entire leaves, and cymes of white, red, or orange flowers at the
axils, or becoming paniculate at the ends of the branches. Corolla-lobes
induplicate-valvate, spreading in anthesis. Anther short, dorsally ap-
posed after dehiscence. Stigma subpeltate. Ovules few. Berry not juicy.

Species 140, from Florida and Mexico, and the West Indies through
S. Amer.

MACLOSKIE : SOLANACE/E. 709

CESTRUM PARQUI L'Her.

Stems numerous, erect, branching, floriferous. Leaves short-petioled,
narrow-lanceolate, acute both ways, subundulate, glabrous ; yotmger leaves
of the axillary buds like stipiiles. Panicles terminal, erect, leafy and
bracted, containing spike-like racemes.

(In moist parts of Chili; a fetid shrub, the flowers smelling by night;
"in south of the Province of Buenos Ayres," J. Ball); probably in N.

Patagon.

7. FABIANA Ruiz & Pav.

Erect, heath-like shrubs, with small, crowded leaves, and numerous short-
pediceledyfoaws, terminal or oppositifoliose. Calyx-teeth mostly ovate,
obtuse. Corolla-tube long, enlarged upwards, its limb short, with indu-
plicate-valvate lobes. Anthers short, their lobes dorsally apposed, at
length subglobose. Disk fleshy. Stigma dilated. Capsule oblong, 2-
celled, each cell 2-valved. Seeds numerous.

Species 52, Chili and Brazil, and southwards.

i. F. HIERONYMI Nied.

Shrub branching from below, the branches thick, flexuose, cylindrical.
Voting branches yellow-green, granulate (not viscid). Leaves sessile,
scaleform, semiorbicular, only half mm. long, glabrous, 3 larger under the
calyx. Flowers terminal, solitary, subsessile. Calyx glabrous, persist-
ing under the subcylindrical, glabrous capsule. Seeds small, brown.

N. Patagon.

2. F. IMBRICATA Ruiz & Pav.

Short, leafy shrub, with erect branching stem and branchlets. Leaves
minute, i mm. long, ovate, sessile, concave, scale-like, thickish, imbricat-
ing. Flowers along the branchlets, solitary, sessile. Calyx cup-like, 5-
cleft ; its segments obtusish. Corolla-segments short, obtuse, reflexed,
white or somewhat violet. Ovary with a red, fleshy, bipartite, basal nectary.
Habit of tamarisk. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 31, D, E, F.)
(Chili, rocky places and sands by streams) ; Patagon., Chubut.

3. F. PATAGONICA Speg.

Denuded, viscous, scarcely subpuberulous. Branchlets erect, straight,
terete, remotely subnodulose. Leaves small, narrowly linear, spatulate,

710 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

soon deciduous. Flowers terminal on the branches, subracemosely erect
on a very short, 2-bracteolate peduncle.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Puerto Madryn.

4. FABIANA PECKII Nied.

Branching shrub ; all the branches approximate and ending in solitary
flowers or racemes. Cortex glabrous, obscurely spotted. Leaves small,
narrow-linear, 4 by a half mm., obtuse, sessile, deciduous. Flower on a
nearly leafless branchlet. Calyx 5-lobed, its lobes triangular-acuminate.
Ovaty subovate, in a fleshy 2-lobed disk. Fruiting calyx 5 mm. by 2 mm.,
glabrous, gray.
N. Patagon.

8. PETUNIA Juss.

Viscid, pubescent herbs, with entire leaves and axillary or terminal, soli-
tary, usually large, white to purplish flowers. Calyx 5-partite, with nar-
row segments. Corolla funnel- to salverform, plicate. Stamens inserted
in the throat of the corolla, 4 and didynamous, or 5 and unequal. Disk
fleshy. Ovary and capsule 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma 2-lamellate.
Seeds many, rugose.

Species 12, S. Amer.

i. P. AXILLARIS (Lam. sub Nicotiana, 1797; P. nyctaginiflora

Juss., 1803) Britton.

Stout, 30 cm. high. Leaves ovate to obovate, rather blunt, sessile and
opposite near the flowers ; alternate and becoming short-petioled down-
wards. Peduncles slender, about 7 cm. long. Calyx-segments narrow.
Corolla-tube slightly enlarged upwards, thrice as long as the calyx, the
limb abruptly spreading to 5 cm. broad, with rounded lobes.

(S. Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon. Cultivated in gardens, and
escaped everywhere. (Fig. in Britt. & Br. iii, p. 141.)

2. P. HUMIFUSA Dunal.

Herbaceous annual, with prostrate stems, 5-10 cm. long, scarcely
puberulent and glandulous. Leaves oblong-linear, 30 mm. long, sub-
spatulate, repand, obtuse, attenuate-petiolate, the petiole subamplexicaul.
Flowers solitary, axillary, long-peduncled ; peduncles filiform, not as long
as the leaf. Calyx subcampanulate, deeply 5-cleft, the segments oblong-

MACLOSKIE: SOLANACE^. 711

lanceolate, obtuse, lineate. Corolla tubular within the calyx-tube, slen-
der, then enlarged and funnel-campanulate. Stamens unequal, inserted
in top of tube, filiform, puberulous. Style straight, half as long as corolla.
(Chili) ; Patagon., near Rio Sta. Cruz.

9. NIEREMBERGIA Ruiz & Pav.

Low, perennial herbs, generally slender and glabrous, with entire leaves
and often violet or pale showy flowers. Corolla-tube long and slender,
with an enlarged, campanulate throat, and a plicate, 5-lobed, spreading
limb. Stamens exserted, 4 of them didynamous, the fifth small ; anthers
connivent. Disk cup-like or none. Stigma transversely half-moon-
shaped. Capsule 2-valved, the valves bifid. Seeds many.

Species 20, Mexico and S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p.

31, C, Q, R.)

1. N. HIPPOMANICA Miers.

Scabrid-pilose. Stem woody, from a thick root, with short, ascending
branches. Leaves crowded, spatulate-linear, acuminate, callous-mucro-
nate. Flowers small, subpaniculate. Calyx i o-carinate ; its lobes linear,
spreading. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, glandular-hairy ; its
limb broad-campanulate, and lobes rounded, rose-white.

(Argentina, Bahia Blanca, called Chuchu) ; N. Patagon., on stony
ground. Poisonous to horses.

2. N. PATAGONICA Speg.

Pulvinate-cespitose shrub. Leaves minute, linear, sessile, obtuse, thick,
rigid, glabrous, viscid. Flowers solitary on the ends of the branches ;
with pedicels twice as long as the leaves. Calyx campanulate, its lobes
short, obtuse. Corolla funnelform, large, with 5 broad lobes, yellow,
purple-veiny. Very beautiful and peculiar.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

3. N. RIGIDA Miers.

Glabrous. Woody root. Stems 2 meters high, branching, erect, flexu-
ose, filiform, striate. Leaves narrow-linear, 3 cm. long, 3-costate, mucro-
nate-awned. Peduncles solitary, short, 6 mm., oppositifoliose. Calyx
lo-costate, its segments awned, thrice as long as its tube. Corolla-tttbe
pubescent, its lobes rounded.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

712

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

10. BENTHAMIELLA Speg.

Small shrubs, with thick, rosulate leaves, and separate, erect, yellowish-
white flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla with long, grad-
ually enlarging tube, and short, spreading, 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5,
unequal. Ovary 2-celled. Capsiile thin-walled, obscurely 4-valved, i-
celled, i-seeded.

Species 5, Patagon.

1. B. ACUTIFOLIA Speg.

Leaves fasciculate-imbricate, erect, subrigid, linear, entire, triquetrous at
apex, callously acute, whitish-mucronate. Flowers sessile in the upper
axils, not exceeding the leaves, solitary, 2-bracted. Calyx-lobes as long
as the tube. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, ochroleucous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; rare.

2. B. LONGIFOLIA Speg.

Leaves fasciculate, imbricate, not rosulate, nor rigid, linear, entire, ob-
tuse, the apex scarcely callous. Flowers long-exsert from the upper
axils, solitary, 2-bracteolate. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. Corolla
ochroleucous, thrice as long as calyx.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge and Rio Sta. Cruz.

3. B. NORDENSKJOLDII N. Br. & Dusen.

Leaves erect, imbricate, densely crowded, about 6-9 mm. long by 1-5
mm. broad, linear-acute, concave above, subcarinate
below, glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the
upper leaves, with 2 bracts, 4 mm. long by i mm.
broad. Calyx 4 mm. long. Corolla 8-10 mm. long,
tube cylindrical, apex plicate, with 5 spreading, trun-
cate lobes. Stamens included. Cells of ovary 4-6-
ovulate. (Fig. 91.)

S. Patagon., by O. Nordenskjold. Leaves narrower
- and more acute than in B. patagonica.

Benthamiella

joldii. Flower; its in-
terior and expanded calyx,
all magnified. (After

4. B. PATAGONICA Speg.

Branches woody, 5 mm. thick, naked below, with
rimulose, fuscous cortex and white wood ; above irregu-
larly and laxly branching, and the upper branches rosulate-leafy with linear,

MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE/E. 713

rigid, spreading, apically truncate leaves. Leaf-bases dilated to a pericla-
dium, concave ventrally, costate-carinate dorsally. Flowers long-exsert
from the upper axils ; sessile, solitary, 2-bracted. Calyx short (3 mm.),
5-cleft, the lobes as long as the tube. Corolla tubular, white, 8 mm. by
1.5 mm.
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

5. BENTHAMIELLA PYCNOPHYLLOIDES Speg.

Cespitose. Leaves minute, ovate-scaleform, densely imbricate, entire,
apically thick, green, acute, basally dilated, and with woolly edge.
Flowers long, exserted from upper axils, sessile, solitary, 2-bracteolate.
Calyx-lobes equalling the tube. Corolla pale-violascent, twice as long as
the calyx.

Patagon.

Family 100. SCROPHULARIACE^E. Snapdragon Family.

Herbs, shrubs or trees, with exstipulate leaves and perfect, sympetalous,
mostly zygomorphicyfowr.s. Stamens epipetalous, mostly 4 and didyna-
mous, sometimes only 2, rarely 5. Ovary superior, 2-celled (rarely i-
celled), the cells being antero-posterior, with axial placentae. Style i,
often apically 2-lobed. Fruit capsular. Seeds numerous, endospermous.

Species 2,300, chiefly in temperate climates.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. The 2 dorsal corolla-lobes (or by their fusing the upper lip), cover the lateral lobes in the
bud. Basal leaves or all opposite. Fifth stamen changed or none. (ANTIRRHINOIDEJE.)
b. Corolla 2-lipped, the lips urceolate, concave. Stamens 2, dehiscing by slits.

I. Calceolaria, p. 714.
b2. Corolla regular or 2-lipped, its lips flat or convex. Fruit a many-seeded capsule.

c. Corolla spurred, having a tube and a palate nearly closing the throat. Flowers ter-
minally racemed or spicate. 2. Linaria, p. 719.
c2. Corolla not spurred, nor basally saccate. Inflorescence usually simple. Stamens all
inserted in the corolla-tube ; anthers 2-celled. Calyx 5 -toothed or 5-cleft. Capsule
4-valved.
d. Capsule loculicidal. Stigma capitate. Seeds large, few. Erect shrubs. Leaves

few, often reduced. 3. Monttca, p. 719.

d2. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal. Seed-ridges free or coalescing. Anther-cells

partly fused. Herbs, woolly or glandular. 4. Stemodia, p. 719.

ۥ$. Corolla regular. Calyx 5 -parted, its dorsal lobe longer or broader than the others.
Anther-cells touching or ultimately fusing. 5. Monnicra (Bacopa), p. 720.

7 14 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

£•4. As the preceding, but calyx, prismatic, 5 -angled. 8. Mimulus, p. 721.

^5. Corolla not spurred nor saccate. Anther-cells usually fused. Stigma capitate.

Minute herbs.
d. Leaves opposite ; internodes distinct. Corolla 2-lipped, 4~5-lobed. Calyx 5-

parted. Stamens 2, anther-cells divaricating. 6. Bryodes, p 720.

d2. Leaves basal, or apparently so, the internodes being short. Calyx 5 -toothed.

Stamens 4, the pollen-sacs fusing. 7. Limosella, p. 720.

A2. The 2 dorsal corolla-lobes (or the upper lip) covered in the bud by one or both the lateral

lobes. (RHINANTHOIDE^E.)
b. Corolla-lobes all flat and spreading, or the dorsal pair erect.

f. Pollen-sacs finally united apically. Dorsal corolla-lobes often upright. Autophytes.
d. Corolla-tube short or none. Stamens 2 or 4, subequal, rarely 6-8.

e. Stamens 4-5, rarely more, pollen-sacs fused. Corolla 4-merous, rotate ; with
no tube. Erect herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves.

9. Scoparia, p. 721.
e2. Stamens only 2. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite.

10. Veronica, p. 722.
d2. Corolla with long tube, or campanulate. Stamens 4, didynamous. Calyx 5-

parted.

e. Leaves opposite ; flowers almost regular. Low herbs, n. Ourisia, p. 723.
e2. Leaves alternate. Corolla-tube ventricose, gradually widening. Stigma

2-lobed. Coarse erect herbs and undershrubs. 12. Digitalis, p. 725.

c2. Pollen-sacs distinct. Corolla-lobes spreading flat. Calyx 5 -toothed, the teeth not
exceeding the tube. Stamens not protruding, their filaments hairy. Erect herbs
or half-shrubs, often more or less parasitical. 13. Gerardia, p. 726.

62. Corolla lobes forming a helmet-like upper-lip, with reflexed border ; corolla-tube nearly
straight. Stamens 4 ; pollen-sacs equal. Stigma capitate. Usually small, erect
herbs, often more or less parasitical ; with simple or palmatifid leaves and flowers in
terminal spikes. 14. Euphrasia, p. 727.

i. CALCEOLARIA Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, with generally opposite or whorled leaves, and cymose
or rarely I -flowered peduncles, with yellow, white or purplish flowers.

Calyx slightly adhering to the ovary, 4-partite, its parts valvate. Co-
rolla-tube nearly obsolete ; its limb concave, 2-lipped, the lips entire, con-
cave or shoe-like; the anterior lip being usually large and inflated.
Stamens 2. Stigma small. Capsule ovate-conical, septicidal, with 2-cleft
valves. Seeds numerous, striate, marginless.

Species 140, chiefly American, from Mexico by the Andes to Magellan ;
2 in New Zealand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Lower corolla-lip contracted at the base.

b. The contracted part long. Leaves long-attenuate, subentire. Stem very short. Pedun-
cle scape-like, i -flowered.

MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^E. 715

c. Subglabrous. Leaves ovate. uniflora.

c2. Subvillous. Leaves lanceolate. lanceolata.

c$. Glandular, hairy. Leaves villous, ovate-spatulate. fothergilli.

b2. The contracted part short.

c. Scape long, 2-4-flowered. Leaves radical, large, ovate-rhomboid or spatulate, many

toothed and many-nerved. biflora.

c2. Scape short, i-3-flowered. Leaves broad-oblong, subentire. Lower corolla-lip

large, red-spotted. darwinii.

£•3. Leaves crowded at base, subovate, erose-dentate, attenuate-petioled ; upper leaves

few. Corymb few-many-flowered. racemosa.

c4. Leaves subradical ; they and peduncles subglandulous. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate.

Scapes 10 cm., 2-4-flowered. bergii.

A2. -Lower corolla-lip scarcely contracted. Leaves ovate. Flowers few. Stems slender.

b. Leaves of 3 kinds ; the radical with long petioles, the cauline with short petioles, and the
floral sessile. bellidifolia.

b2. Leaves all radical, hispid underneath. fificaulis.

A$. Lower corolla-lip very inflated. Leaves mostly radical, petiolate.

b. Leaves ovate or rhombic, 2-toothed or incised, villous. Quasi-scape tall, branching.

nudicaulis.
b2. Leaves 25 mm., long-petioled. Flowers 1-5 ; corolla large, spotted, incurved.

polyrrhiza.

£3. Leaves ovate-oblong, repand-serrate ; a few on the bifid stem. Subumbellately few-
flowered. Pubescent. volkmanni.
A^. Leaves rosulate, ovate-oblong, acute. Scape tall, bractless, 4-flowered. Calyx-segments
triangular. Corolla ? palcence.

i. CALCEOLARIA BELLIDIFOLIA Gillies.

Cespitose herbs, with slender, flexuose stems 5-20 cm. high, ovate-entire
leaves, some radical and with long petioles, others cauline, narrowing to a
short petiole, and others floral sessile. Flowers few, laxly corymbose, the
pedicels i -flowered. Calyx-segments ovate, rather obtuse; upper lip of
corolla scarcely as long as the calyx, the lower large, orbiculate, with a
short opening and a scarcely contracted base.

(Chili.)

C. BELLIDIFOLIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Speg.

Leaves oblanceolate, acutish, with minute, spreading puberulence only
on the upper surface and margin.

Patagon., Chubut, in elevated swamps by Lago Fontana.

2. C. BERGII Hieron.

Minutely glandular, pubescent herb, cespitose, with several short stems
and scapiform peduncles. Leaves subradical, glandulous-pubescent under-

7l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

neath, subglabrous above, rhomboid-lanceolate, subobtuse, entire or ob-
scurely crenulate. Peduncles 10 cm. high, minutely glandular, 2-4-flow-
ered, peduncles to 12 mm. long, bracts very small, oblong, i mm. long,
minutely glandular. Flowers in anthesis suberect. Calyx 6 mm. long,
4-parted to middle or deeper, minutely glandular, lobes ovate, subobtuse.
Corolla yellow. Upper lip as long as the calyx, lower 15 mm. long, de-
pendent, obovate, contracted at base, open above the middle, internally
on the sides and externally on the back, having small, purple spots.
Anther cells ovate.

Differs from C.polyrrhisa, darwinii and lanceolata by glanduliferous leaves
and. peduncles ; from C. nana and fothergilli by its many-flowered scapes.

S. Patagon., common by Rio Sta. Cruz, October.

3. CALCEOLARIA BIFLORA Lam. (1783; C. plantaginea Smith, 1789).

Herbs, with 4-5 rather large, radical leaves, which are ovate-rhomboid
or spatulate, dentate or incised, many-nerved, villous to glabrate. Pe-
duncles long, leafless, laxly 2-4-flowered, the pedicels 5 cm. long. Calyx
viscid, its segments ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellow, with its upper lip
shorter than the calyx, its lower lip dependent, long-obovate, spreading,
contracted towards its base.

S. and W. Patagon. ; Chili to Fuegia ; by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico
de la Sta. Cruz, in fruit Feb. 9, 1897; DY Dusen in N. and E. Fuegia.

"Abundant from Valparaiso to Magellan, but confined to a narrow
oblique belt. In the Northern part of its range it is chiefly west of the
Andes ; in the Southern part it is Eastward, thus avoiding equally the
wet, cold, stormy latitudes of Southwest Chili and Fuegia, and the arid
plains of Patagonia." (J. D. Hooker.)

"Belongs to the steppe-flora; and usually grows in thickets formed by
Chiliotrichum diffusum and Baccharis patagonica; but it avoids parts of
the steppes which are free of shrubs." (Dusen.)

C. BIFLORA MAGELLANICA (Clo.).

Stems few, simple, 2-3-flowered. Leaves rhombic-cuneate, denticulate.
Magellan ; S. Fuegia, Valley of Olivaia.

4. C. DARWINII Benth.

Glabrous. Stem short. Leaves broad-oblong, entire, or remotely few-
toothed. Peduncles to 7 cm., scapiform, i-3-flowered. Calyx-segments

MACLOSKIE I SCROPHULARIACE^.

717

minutely puberulous, broad-ovate, obtuse. Corolla yellow, with upper
lip equalling the calyx ; lower lip dependent, very large, broad-ovate, red-
spotted ; the base contracted. Anther-lobes ovate.

S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson), "on pampas everywhere," Nov.
1 6, at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz (Dusen). Scapes usually with one terminal
flower, and a pair of younger lateral flowers about 20 mm. below.

5. CALCEOLARIA FILICAULIS Gay.

Stems 1-2, erect, long, slender, naked. Leaves radical, ovate, petiolate,
or attenuate to a short petiole, obsoletely toothed, hispid underneath,
subciliate. Corymb terminal, simple or geminate, few- FIG. 92.

flowered. Corolla puberulous ; its upper lip shorter
than the hispid calyx ; its lower larger, obovate, erect,
scarcely contracted at the base, shortly open.

(Chili) ; Patagon.

6. C. FOTHERGILLI Sol.

Glandular-pubescent herb, with very short stem.
Leaves petiolate, ovate-spatulate, entire or obsoletely
crenate, villous. Peduncles scape-like, i -flowered.
Calyx-segments broad-ovate to orbiculate, obtuse.
Corolla with upper lip shorter than the calyx ; lower
lip dependent, long-obovate, red-spotted, its base long-
contracted, and open to beyond the middle. (Fig. 92.)

Magellan, Falklands, "abundant and pretty."

Calceolariafothergilli. —
Plant in flower, slightly
reduced ; also section of

7. C. LANCEOLATA Cav.

Subvillous herbs, with very short stem. Leaves lan-
ceolate, long-attenuate at base, subentire. Peduncles
scapiform, i -flowered. Calyx-segments ovate, acute, capsule"' minified"" "and

SubvilloUS. C0r<?//rt with short Upper lip ; lower lip long, magnified seed. (From

its base long-contracted, open to above the middle. Flora anfarftifa-}

Patagon., at Golfo de San Jorge ; Puerto Deseado (also cited in the
Falklands along with C. polyrrhiza, but quaere).

8. C. NUDICAULIS Benth.

Herbaceous, with petiolate, radical leaves, ovate or rhombic, 2-toothed
or partly incised, villous on both sides. Stem scape-like, erect, to 60 cm.

7l8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

tall, branching upwards. Corymbs few-flowered. Calyx hoary-villous,
its segments ovate, rather obtuse. Corolla with upper lip twice as long
as the calyx ; lower lip very inflated, its base briefly open.

(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon.

i

9. CALCEOLARIA PAL^EN^E Phil.

Leaves rosulate, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, acute, nervose. Scape
naked, tall, 4-flowered, no bracts at base of pedicels. Calyx- segments
broadly triangular. Corolla, etc. ?

S. Chili, by Rio Palena.

10. C. POLYRRHIZA Cav.

Leaves more than 25 mm. long, on long petioles. Scapes 1—3—5-
flowered. Calyx-segments ovate or oblong, scarcely obtuse. Corolla
rather large, spotted, incurved, not dependent. Anther-lobes oblong.

S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado ; Falklands.

II. C. RACEMOSA Cav.

Puberulous, subviscous herbs. Leaves crowded near base, ovate or
somewhat oblong, erose-dentate, attenuate-petiolate ; upper leaves few.
Corymb lax to many-flowered. Corolla with upper lip scarcely exceeding
the calyx ; lower lip obovate, briefly contracted at base, open to beyond
the middle.

S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado.

12. C. UNIFLORA Lam. (1783; C. nana Smith, 1789).

Glabrous or minutely puberulous. Stem very short. Leaves petioled,
ovate, long-attenuate at base, entire or crenulate. Peduncles scape-like,
about 7 cm. high, i -flowered. Calyx-segments broad-ovate, obtuse.
Corolla with upper lip rather shorter than the calyx, the lower dependent,
obovate, long-contracted at the base, open to beyond the middle.

S. Patagon., Magellan, by Port Gregory; by Hatcher at Punta Arenas ;
S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (Peterson, "color brownish-yellow") ; Franchet
says " not found recently at Magellan, unless haply by M. Hariot."
Dusen found it in N. and E. Fuegia, and calls it " a common steppe-plant."

13. C. VOLKMANNI Phil.

Pubescent herb, with leaves mostly radical, ovate-oblong, 10 by 3 cm.,
attenuate to a short petiole, obscurely repand-serrate. Stem 20 cm. high,

MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^. 719

few-leaved, apically bifid. Corymb subumbellate, few-flowered. Upper
lip of corolla rather large, twice the calyx. Lower lip suborbicular,
slightly open. Style nearly 3 times as long as the stamens.
(Chili); Patagon?

2. LINARIA Juss. Toad-flax.

Herbs, with pinnately-nerved, mostly alternate leaves, and terminal
bracted racemes or spikes, and zygomorphic flowers, 2-lipped with a palate,
and with a spur (long or reduced or obsolete). Stamens 4, didynamous.

Species 150, mostly Eurasian.

»

L. CANADENSIS (L.) Dumont.

Stems erect or ascending, branched. Leaves linear, or linear-oblong.
Spikes long. Corolla blue to white, long-spurred.
(U. S., and Central to S. Amer.) ; Patagon. ?

3. MONTTEA Gay. (Oxy dados Miers.)

Glabrous shrubs, sometimes with spinescent branches and reduced
leaves. Flowers small, axillary. Corolla-tube cylindrical, limb 2-lipped ;
posterior, exterior lip 2-cleft, anterior 3-cleft, the lobes broad, spreading.
Stamens didynamous with a small staminode. Capsitle hard, 4-valved ;
but seeds by abortion only 1-2, large, without endosperm.

Species 3, Chili.

M. APHYLLA (Miers) Gay.

Rather robust. Leafless. Branches irregularly angular, the epidermis
with minute foveoles, shining reddish, ending in a spine ; the younger
branches opposite, spiniform, bearing 2-3-fascicled flowers having gla-
brous calyx, pubescent, pink corolla and drupe. Leaves wanting, except
minute, bract-like leaves under the flowers.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

4. STEMODIA Linn.

Woolly or glandular herbs or shrubs, with opposite or 3-4-whorled
leaves and bluish flowers either axillary-solitary, or in terminal, bracted
spikes. Corolla-tube cylindrical ; upper lip broad, lower lip 3-lobed. Sta-
mens didynamous, the anther-lobes stipitate. Seeds many.

Species 30, in S. Amer., Africa, Asia and Australia.

72O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

i. STEMODIA LANCEOLATA Benth.

Leaves lanceolate, amplexicaul, acuminate, serrulate. Flowers in leafy
spikes.

(Argentina); N. Patagon. ?

2. S. PALUSTRIS St. Hil.

Leaves linear to sublanceolate, basi-attenuate. Flowers axillary, with
much dilated style.

(S. Brazil); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

5. MONNIERA P. Browne (1755). (Bacopa Aubl. 1775 ;

Herpestis Gaert.)

Herbs, with opposite leaves (or in submerged forms often dissected) and
axillary, pediceled flowers. Upper calyx-segment very large and cordate.
Stamens 4, subequal, included, in one species 5. Stigma capitate.
Species 60, in warm regions, especially Amer.

M. AQUATICA (Aubl.). (Bacopa radicata Benth ; Herpestis radicata

B. & H.).

Glabrous swamp herb, with lanceolate, serrate leaves. Root long, thick.
Stamens 4.

Patagon., at Puerto Deseado.

6. BRYODES Benth.

Minute, branching plants, with opposite, narrow, entire leaves, and very
small, sessile, axillary flowers. Corolla-tube short, campanulate, lobes 4,
spreading. Stamens 2. Style filiform ; stigma capitate.

Species 2, Mauritius, and Magellan.

B. MINUTISSIMA Phil.

Stem dwarf, 1 1 mm. high, simple, densely crowded by leaves, ending
in a flower. Leaves glabrous, linear, 8 by i mm., pale below. Flowers
epigynous (?).

Magellan ; with habit of Nanodea muscosa ; intermediate between it and
Arjona.

7. LIMOSELLA Linn. Mudwort.

Low glabrous, succulent, floating herbs, with filiform stems rooting in
mud at the nodes, entire leaves with slender petioles, and filiform, i-

MACLOSKIE I SCROPHULARIACE^E. 72 1

flowered scapes. Flowers small ; calyx 5-lobed, campanulate. Stamens
4. Style short, with capitate stigma. Capsule globose, i -celled.
Species 6, widely distributed.

LIMOSELLA AQUATICA Linn.

Leaves expanded above into an oblong, or a linear-oblong blade.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 78.)

(Eur., Amer., Austral, Kerguelen) ; Falklands; E. Fuegia (Dusen). '

L. AQUATICA TENUIFOLIA Hoffm. (L. temiifolia Nutt.)

Leaves awl-shaped or filiform, with no distinction of blade and petiole.
(N. Amer., far N. and W.) ; Patagon., Chubut, in marshes near Lago
Fontana.

8. MIMULUS Linn. Monkey-flower.

Herbs, with opposite leaves and showy flowers on solitary, bractless,
axillary peduncles. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, the upper of its 5 teeth the
largest. Corolla tubular, its upper lip 2-lobed, erect or reflexed ; its lower
lip 3-lobed, spreading. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-lobed, lobes ovate. Seeds
many.

Species 30, chiefly American.

M. PILOSIUSCULUS H. B. & K.

Perennial, with creeping, quadrangular stem. Leaves petiolate, sub-
rotund-ovate, obtuse, dentate, basicuneate or cordate, 3-5-nerved. Pe-
duncles shorter than the leaf. Calyx hairy.

(Peru, etc.); Patagon., Chubut, by Golfo de San Jorge.

9. SCOPARIA (Linn.).

Glabrous or hairy, branching trees or shrubs, with opposite or verticil-
late, entire or toothed and dotted leaves. Flowers on axillary, often
paired peduncles, without bractlets ; small, white, yellow or bluish. Calyx
4-5-partite. Corolla rotate, 4-cleft, with obtuse, subequal lobes and
bearded throat. Stamens 4, subequal. Style truncate or emarginate.
Ovules numerous. Capsule septicidal, leaving the central placenta free.

Species 5-6, S. Amer. and Mexico ; i in warm parts of both worlds.

722 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

SCOPARIA FLAVA Cham. & Schl.

Root woody. Plant otherwise herbaceous, glabrous ; stems cespitose.
Leaves, branches and flowers whorled in 4's, 3*5 or 2's. Leaves lanceo-
late, attenuate-petiolate, toothed. Upper leaves smaller, narrower, entire.
Peduncles glabrous. Calyx-lobes acute, pellucid-margined.

(Chili; Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon. (?)

10. VERONICA Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, with small, blue to white flowers, having rotate, un-
equally 4-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, corolla, and 2 epipetalous stamens. Style
slender. Capsule compressed. Seeds flat.

Species about 200, in cold and temperate regions ; most in the Old
World.

i. V. ARVENSIS Linn.

Pubescent annual. Stem becoming diffused. Lowest leaves opposite,
petioled, ovate and crenulate ; the upper becoming alternate, sessile and
narrower ; the uppermost small and entire, with a minute, short-pediceled
flower in the axil. Flowers blue to white.

(Eurasia; nat. in N. Amer.) ; Magellan (Dusen).

2. V. ELLIPTICA Forst. (V. decussata Ait.)

Glabrous shrub, with short-petioled, decussate, oval or oblong-elliptical,
entire, mucronate, shining leaves and short, axillary, few-(4-)flowered
racemes or corymbs. Calyx-segments 4, ovate, acute. Corolla rather large,
white, or flesh-colored, its lobes obovate. Capsule broad-ovate.

(New Zeal, Auckland and Campbell Is.); Magellan and throughout
Fuegia and W. Magellan ; Falklands.

"The Hebe of Magellan," resembling a myrtle (now a favorite in culti-
vation ; luxuriant at Mucrus in Killarney).

3. V. PEREGRINA Linn.

Ascending, branching, annual herbs, glandular or glabrous. Lowest
leaves petiolate, opposite, oval-oblong, toothed ; upper gradually more
sessile, narrower and entire. Floral-leaves narrow, entire, exceeding the
flowers. Pedimcles very short. Capsule rounded, slightly emarginate.

(In all warm countries ; in Amer. from Canada, by Mexico and the
Andes to Patagon.)

At Puerto Madryn and E. Fuegia (Dusen).

MACLOSKIE I SCROPHULARIACE^E. 723

4. VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA Linn.

Pulverulent or glabrous, perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, or
the upper sessile, oblong to ovate, crenulate or entire. Racemes short,
terminal, with pedicels longer than the calyx, shorter than the bracteoles.
Corolla pale blue, with dark lines. Capsule broad-obcordate.

(Eurasia, N. and S. Amer. as far as Quito) ; Falklands (introduced) ;
Magellan, at Punta Arenas (Dusen).

n. OURISIA Comm.

Decumbent or creeping herbs, with opposite leaves and axillary flowers,
solitary or racemed, or subumbellate. Calyx-lobes oblong or narrow.
Corolla-tube cylindraceous or campanulate; lobes subequal, obtuse or
emarginate. Stamens 4 or also with a short staminode. Capsule with
septiferous valves, bearing the placentce in their center.

Species 19, peculiar to Antarctic Amer., with representatives in Tas-
mania and New Zealand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leaves ovate-rotundate, basi-truncate, subsessile. Floral leaves sessile, ovate. Calyx-seg-
ments exceeding the corolla-tube. Ascending, pilose. breviftora.
A2. Leaves ovate, petiolate.

b. Creeping. Leaves crenate, basi-rotundate. Corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx.

c ha mcedrifolia.
b2. Dwarfs.

c. Pedicels shorter than the leaves. Calyx-segments oval-oblong, ciliate. Moss-like

plants. muscosa.

c2. Pedicels longer than the leaves. Calyx-segments lanceolate, very acute. Pilose.

nana.
b$. Low, decumbent, hirsute. Peduncles long, I -flowered, few- leaved. Corolla-tube six

times as long as calyx. uniflora.

A$. Basal leaves cordate-ovate. Creeping plants.
b. Leaves crenate.

c. Radical leaves reddish underneath. Floral leaves opposite, toothed. Corolla-tube

thrice as long as the calyx, scarlet. coccinea.

c2. Radical leaves long-petiolate. Floral leaves round-semi-amplexicaul. Calyx-seg-
ments sub-bilabiately connate. magellanica.
b2. Leaves incise-toothed. Floral-leaves rounded, amplexicaul. Calyx-segments oblong.

Flowers pink. pceppigii.

A$. Stems short and thick. Leaves glabrous, ciliated. Raceme profuse. Corolla-tube large,
incurved, its lobes retuse. rudloides.

724

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

FIG. 93.

I. OURISIA BREVIFLORA Benth.

Low, ascending, pilose. Stem to 7 cm. high, leafy, 2-4-flowered.

Leaves petioled, ovate-rounded, truncate to
subcordate at base. Floral leaves sessile,
ovate. Calyx-segments linear-oblong, exceed-
ing the corolla-tube. (Fig. 93.)

Magellan, to S. Fuegia. "A pretty little
species ; growing sparingly in the more or less
rainy forest-regions." At Puerto Angosto, in
W. Magellan, it grows from the sea-%vel to
an elevation of 600 m. (Dusen.)

2. O. CHAM^EDRIFOLIA Benth.

Stem low, creeping, leafy. Leaves ovate,
obtuse, crenate, basally rounded or narrowed,
petiolate. Pedicels axillary. Corolla-tithe
more than twice as long as the calyx. Pe-
rennial.
(Andes of Quito and Chili) ; Fuegia.

Ourisia breviftora. — Plant and
magnified flower. (From Flora ant-
arctica. )

3. O. COCCINEA Pers.

Villous. Stem short, creeping. Radical leaves cordate-ovate, crenate,
violet-red underneath. Floral leaves opposite, cuneate, incised-toothed.
Raceme long, flowers scattered. Corolla scarlet, its tube thrice as long
as the calyx, which has lanceolate segments.

(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut in preandine woods ; Chiloe I.

4. O. MAGELLANICA Juss. (See O. ruelloides.}

Creeping. Leaves with long petioles, cordate-ovate or rounded obtuse;
crenate ; the floral leaves round-semi-amplexicaul, the peduncles apart.
Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse, ciliate, sub-bilabiately connate.

Magellan, Fuegia; Staaten I. Scarce; "must be one of the hand-
somest of Fuegian plants." (J. D. Hooker.)

5. O. MUSCOSA Benth.
Low, perennial herb, small, glabrous or pilosulous. Leaves petiolate,

MACLOSKIE: SCROPHULARIACE^:. 725

ovate, subentire, narrowed basewards. Pedicels not as long as the leaf.
Calyx-segments oval-oblong, ciliate.

(Chili, Pichincha Mt); Fuegia, on dripping mountain rocks.

6. OURISIA NANA Benth.

Low herbs, 1 2 mm. high. Stems leafy, i-4-flowered. Leaves crowded,
on petioles 2 mm. long, laminae shorter, ovate, entire, concave, pilose
above, glabrous below and on floral leaves. Pedicels exceeding the leaf.
Calyx-segments lanceolate, very acute; shorter than the corolla-tube.

(Equador); Patagon. (?).

7. O. POEPPIGII Benth.

Creeping. Basal leaves with long petioles, cordate-ovate, acute, incise-
toothed, smaller and more acute than in O. magellanica. Floral leaves
rounded, semi-amplexicaul. Calyx-segments oblong, ciliate. Flowers
pink.

S. Chili, in Cordilleras; Patagon. (?).

8. O. RUELLOIDES (Linn. f. sub Chelone) Gaert.

Stems short, thickish, as the petals, leaf-nerves and margin of calyx,
ciliated with spreading hairs ; otherwise glabrous. Raceme flowering
almost from foot of scape.

Corolla 15 mm. long, with ample incurved tube and retuse segments.
(Perhaps the same as O. magellanica Juss.)

S. Patagon., in upper valley of Rio Gallegos, by Nordenskj.

9. O. UNIFLORA Phil.

Low, hirsute, with decumbent stem. Leaves long-petiolate, ovate,
sparsely crenate. Peduncle long, erect, i -flowered, few-leaved. Leaves
minute, ovate-oblong, basally attenuate, sessile. Flowers erect; calyx
5-partite ; its segments oblong, ciliate. Corolla-tube 6 times as long as
the calyx ; its segments obcordate, as long as the tube.

N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; Staaten I.

12. DIGITALIS Linn. Foxglove.

Tall herbs, with alternate leaves, and showy, purple or yellow, or white
flowers, in long, terminal, commonly i -sided, racemes. Corolla slightly

726 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

zygomorphic, the tube contracted above the ovary ; mid-lip of the lower
lobe the longest ; lobes not spreading. Stamens didynamous.

Species 20, Eurasia.

DIGITALIS PURPUREA Linn.

Pubescent, stout biennial. Lower leaves slender-petioled, 20 cm. long,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly attenuate, acute, toothed. Flowers
drooping. Corolla spotted inside.

(Central and Western Europe) ; Patagon. (introduced). Its leaves are
officinal. (Fig. A-H in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p.. 89.)

13. GERARDIA Linn.

Erect, branching herbs or shrubs, chiefly with opposite, sessile leaves,
and showy purple or violet or whitish flowers. Corolla with wide tube ,
slightly 2-lipped, the lower lobe exterior in the bud, the lobes spreading.
Stamens didynamous, included, their filaments hairy.

Species 40, America.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 93.)

i. G. LANCEOLATA (R. & P.) Benth.

Leaves lanceolate, mostly subrevolute-margined. Calyx-teeth large,
spreading, at length reflexed.
(Bolivia, etc.)

G. LANCEOLATA FILIDENS O. Ktze.

Calyx-teeth linear, subfiliform, less than i mm. broad, 6 mm. long.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. G. RIGIDA Gill.

Scabrous. Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, floral leaves shorter than
the flower. Raceme crowded ; the pedicels not exceeding the calyx,
which is glabrous, having long, filiform lobes. Corolla pubescent, its tube
much exceeding the calyx, above ventricose-campanulate, pink. Anthers
short, mucronate.

Extratrop. S. Amer.

G. RIGIDA GRANDIFLORA.

Leaves of specimens from Rio Negro 6 cm. by 1.5 cm. Flowers large,
red-violaceous; calyx-teeth in the variety short. Fruit small, 10 by 8
mm., enclosed in the calyx. Seeds minute, scarcely i mm. in diameter.

N. Patagon. •

MACLOSKIE t BIGNONIACE/E. 727

14. EUPHRASIA Linn. Eyebright

Low, mostly branched herbs, of subparasitic habit, with opposite toothed
or incised leaves, and small, blue to yellow or white flowers, in terminal,
leafy-bracted spikes. Calyx not bracteolate at base, 4-lobed, or with a
small fifth lobe. Corolla very bilabiate, upper lip erect, lower spreading.
Stamens didynamous, pollen-sacs equal and parallel. Caps^^le nearly
oblong. Seeds many, ribbed.

(Fig. A-H in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 100.)

Species 100, in temperate and cold regions, N. and S. Hemispheres.

i. E. ANTARCTICA Benth.

Minute, erect, simple, pubescent. Leaves cuneate-trifid, the lobes
obtuse, short. Corolla-tube exserted ; its lobes short, subentire. Capsule
ovate, obtuse.

(Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher on pampas by Rio Coy, Dec. 17.

Magellan ; by R. O. Cunningham on Mt. Dinero, Patagon.

Also in Australia, and in S. I. of New Zeal. ' ' Allied to the European
E. officinalis, and still more nearly to the Himalayan." (J. D. Hooker.)

2. E. C^ESPITOSA Phil.

Perennial, forming a deep turf; stems 5 cm. high, simple, puberulous.
Leaves glabrous, fleshy, trifid, with linear segments. Spike short, few-
flowered. Calyx-segments ovate. Corolla-ttibe slightly exceeding the
calyx, funnelform, dilated ; its lips short.

S. Chili, at Rio Palena.

3. E. PERPUSILLA Phil.

Glabrous. Stem branching, scarcely 25 mm. high. Leaves crowded,
the lower obovate-spatulate, entire ; the upper 3-lobed. Calyx-segments
linear, 4 mm. long, apically rounded. Corolla twice as long as the calyx.

Chonos Archip. It differs from E. antarctica by being glabrous, with
entire lower leaves ; from other species by its smallness, etc.

Family 101. BIGNONIACE^;. Trumpet-creeper Family.

Usually trees or shrubs, erect or climbing, with exstipulate, mostly
opposite, simple or pinnate leaves; and large, showy, sympetalous, inferior
flowers, slightly zygomorphic. Fertile stamens 2 or 4 on the corolla-

728 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

tube. Ovary superior, mostly 2-1 -celled with a transverse septum and
simple 2-lobed style ; and many flat or winged seeds without endosperm,
in the long capsule.

Species 500, chiefly tropical.

i. TECOMA Juss. (1789). (Campsis Lour., 1790.)

Shrubs climbing, with aerial rootlets, or erect, with opposite, odd-pin-
nate leaves (rarely simple), and red or orange flowers in terminal inflores-
cences. Calyx unequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube narrow-campanulate,
its lobes spreading. Stamens didynamous ; the pollen-sacs diverging.
Capsule long ; seeds transversely winged.

(Fig. sub Campsis, in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 231, A.)

Species 80, in warm and temperate countries.

T. VALDIVI^E Phil.

Elegant climbing shrub, often over 3 m. long, with leaves having 5
pairs of leaflets coriaceous, oblong, entire, or appressed-serrate apex-
wards, 30 by ii cm.; the terminal leaflet often long. Racemes 7-10-
flowered. Calyx turbinate, its teeth short, triangular. Corolla tubular,
red-saffron, over thrice as long as the calyx, with short-rounded, slightly
spreading lobes, pubescent inside. Larger stamens and the style as long
as the corolla.

(Chili); W. Patagon. "Adorning the shady woods."

Family 102. GESNERIACE.E.

Herbs or shrubs, with opposite, simple leaves and showy flowers on
axillary peduncles. Flowers sympetalous, zygomorphic, with inferior or
superior bicarpellary i -celled ovary, having 2 parietal or intruding placenta,
and 4 or 2 stamens, with i or three staminodes ; anthers mostly conniving
or cohering. Style i. Ovules numerous, minute, with straight, rather
long embryo, mostly endospermous.

Species 700, in warm climates ; not north of Mex. in the New World.

i. ASTERANTHERA Hansk.

Slender climbers, with small, crenate leaves, and large flowers solitary
on short, axillary pedicels. Corolla scarlet, bilabiate, upper lip erect, con-

MACLOSKIE I GESNERIACEyE. 729

sisting of 2 united lobes, other lobes spreading ; stamens 4, inserted at its
base, anthers cohering into a cross.
Only 2 species, viz:

I. ASTERANTHERA CHILOENSIS Hansk.

The upper lip of the corolla consisting of 2 dorsal lobes, united even to
the apex ; the lateral lobes not adnate to it. Tube subgibbous at the base,
narrow. Stamens distinct at the base, with a rudiment of a fifth. Leaves ?

W. Patagon. (Dusen).

2. A. OVATA Hansk. (Cav. sub Columnea.]

Stem fruticose, subscandent, rooting. Leaves petiolate, lower surface
rusty-tomentose. Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Anthers elegant, in
form of a cross.

Chiloe I. ; Patagon, by Lake Otway.

2. MITRARIA Cavan.

Climbing or low shrubs, with opposite leaves, ventricose corolla, con-
tracted at the throat, and with short lobes ; 4 perfect, exserted stamens,
not cohering ; and superior ovary. Bracts subconnate at one side, en-
closing the calyx.

Species i, viz :

M. COCCINEA Cav.

Habit of Fuchsia. Leaves with few serrations. Flowers solitary, long-
pediceled, axillary.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, ^b, p. 162.)
Chonos Archip.; Patagon., by Lake Otway.

3. SARMIENTA Ruiz & Pav.

Creeping or climbing, glabrous shrub, with small, fleshy, opposite
leaves, and white, pediceled flowers, solitary in the axils. Calyx free, 5-
partite, its segments narrow. Corolla-tube long, ventricose, contracted
above, its limb with 5 rounded, spreading lobes, slightly oblique. Sta-
mens inserted near the base of its tube, 2 posterior perfect, with a short
staminode between them, and 2 anterior, rather long staminodes. Ovary
superior, with a long style. Capsule circumscissile.

Species i, viz :

73° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

SARMIENTA REPENS Ruiz & Pav.

Leaves broad, ovate-elliptical, subentire. Pedicels longer than the
leaves, 2-bracteolate above. Stamens and style twice as long as the
corolla.

Family 103. MARTYNIACE^E. Unicorn-plant Family.

Viscidly secreting herbs, with chiefly opposite leaves and terminal
racemes of zygomorphic sympetalous flowers, having 4 didynamous sta-
mens and a staminode (rarely 2 stamens and 3 staminodes). Ovary
superior, i -celled, with 2 parietal placentce, or falsely 2-4-celled. Capsule
horned, with soft, deciduous pericarp. Seeds pendulous, with thick, rugose
testa, no endosperm.

Species 9, S. Amer. and Mex.

PROBOSCIDIA Schmid.

Prostrate herbs, with corolla enlarging from the base, narrow-campanu-
late. Stamens 4. Capsule dehiscing above the base of the horn, and
dividing below into halves. Seeds many, with plain coat.

Species 6, Texas to S. Amer. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3$, p. 266,
H-K.)

P. LUTEA (Lindl. sub Marty nia) Stapf.

Leaves cordate-orbiculate, subdentate, glandular-pubescent (as is the
stem). Horn much longer than the pericarp. Flower large, yellow.

(Brazil ; Paraguay) ; N. Patagon.

Family 104. LENTIBULARIACE^E. Bladderwort Family.

Aquatics or bog-herbs, with leaves basal and tufted, or floating, or
reduced to scales; and perfect, zygomorphic, sympetalous flowers, solitary
or racemose on erect scapes. Calyx 2-5-partite. Corolla bilabiate, the
upper lip usually erect, the lower large and spreading, with palate and
spur. Stamens 2, anther-sacs confluent. Ovary superior, i-celled. Style
short, stigma 2-lobed. Seeds numerous, without endosperm.

Species 160, in warm and temperate climates.

PINGUICULA Linn.
Acaulescent, terrestrial herbs, with basal, entire leaves and naked, i-

MACLOSKIE I PLANTAGINACE^E.

731

(From

flowered scapes. The leaves capture insects, FIG. 94-

being sensitive, and exuding a viscid secretion.
Species 50. (Fig. 55 in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 36,
p. 119.)

PlNGUICULA ANTARCTICA Vahl.

Leaves 3-5, 12 mm. long, oblong, very obtuse,

often emarginate, glabrous, as is the scape. Co-

rolla small, its lobes emarginate, white, with violet

lines, the spur conical, obtuse, straight, shorter

than the petals. (Fig. 94.)

Magellan; Fuegia to Cape Horn; Staaten I. pinguicuiaantarctica. — Plant,
"A very pretty little plant." "The peduncle is nearly natural size' dso

. , , it i i i ,, fied flower and fruit.

not absolutely glabrous, but has stalked glands. Flgra antarctica^
(Franchet.)

Family 105. PLANTAGINACE.E. Plantain Family.

Annual or perennial herbs, mostly with basal leaves and small, 4-
merous flowers, with dry perianth, bracteolate in dense spikes, or capitate
or solitary on scapes. Stamens 4, 2 or i, epipetalous, anthers versatile.
Ovary superior, i-4-celled. Style i, filiform. Capsule mostly circum-
scissile ; seeds i-several in each cell, with endosperm.

Species 200, cosmopolitan.

i. PLANTAGO Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Corolla-tube cylindrical, or
constricted at the throat, with spreading or reflexed limb. Capsule cir-
cumscissile, mostly 2-celled ; with seeds peltately fixed to the septum.

Species numerous, in Eurasia, and the Mediterr. region and Canaries ;
some in Orient and S. Africa, Austral., Tasmania and New Zeal. Many
in N. Amer.

Section Plantaginella includes a group of species having few-flowered
(i-4-flowered) spikes or heads, and 3-6-seeded capsules; being mostly
low or cespitose plants characteristic of the Andes and Australasia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Spikes few-(about 1-4-) flowered. (PLANTAGINELLA.)

b. Leaves subulate, in tufts on the branches, silvery. Spikes 2-5-flowered, subsessile, con-
cealed amid the leaves. bismarckii.

732 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

bz. Leaves narrow-linear. Spikes i-4-flowered.

c. Peduncles many times shorter than the leaves. Fruit 2-celled, 4-seeded.

•monanthos.

C2. Peduncles longer than the leaves, silky. Corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, suberect.

Seeds rugose. Dwarf woolly. pseudo-patagonica.

c$. Peduncles as long as the leaves, becoming longer. Leaves silky. Spike 2-4-flowered.

Flowers 2-seeded. rancaguce.

^4. Peduncle surpassing the leaves, I -flowered. Leaves linear-squarrose, spiny-mucro-

nate, with appressed hairs. Tap-root hollow. ccelorhiza.

£3. Leaves linear, rigid, white-mucronate, glabrous, sessile ; with peri clad silky inside.

Corolla-lobes reflexed. oxyphylla.

64. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear, subacute, fleshy, remotely toothed. Pedun-
cles as long. Fruit 6-seeded. Petals subacuminate. barbata.
b$. Nearly as £4, but petals obtuse, seeds 4-8 (not American). brownii.
b6. Leaves oblanceolate, entire, glabrous, I -nerved, exceeding the 4-flowered scapes. Seeds 4.

tehuelcha.
A2. Spikes more or less cylindrical, many-flowered.

b. Leaves linear. Peduncles exceeding the leaves. Smooth herbs.

c. Leaves 3-nerved, attenuate both ways. Peduncles silky and hairy. Spikes oblong.

Corolla-lobes rounded. coriacca.

c2. Leaves fleshy, obscurely nerved. Dense, blunt spikes. Corolla-lobes spreading.

maritima.
b2. Leaves lance-linear, entire.

c. Puberulous. Peduncles as long as the leaves, lax-pilose. Corolla-lobes ovate-cor-
date, acute. Seeds 3. myosttrus.
c2. Woolly. Peduncle hirsute. patagonica.
63. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or pinnatifid. Flowers small. Fruit 4-celled and

4-seeded. Hairy. coronopus.

£4. Leaves long-lanceolate, acute, attenuate-petiolate, 5-7-nerved, glabrous. Peduncles as

long as leaves, hairy above. Spikes long-cylindrical. Fruit 3-seeded. candollei.
b$. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-petiolate, slightly hairy, 3~5-ribbed. Peduncle angular,

longer than the leaves. Spike ovoid. Seeds 2. lanceolata.

66. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, 5 -nerved, toothed. Peduncle longer, violet upwards. Spike

long-cylindrical, lax. Seeds 4, yellow. hirtella.

b"j. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-s-nerved, subentire. Scape longer. Seeds 2-4.

virginica.

68. Leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, crenate or toothed ; nerves 5—7 ; attenuate-petiolate. Scapes
striate upwards. Corolla-lobes long, acute. Fruit 2-celled, many-seeded.

rocce.

i. PLANTAGO BARBATA Forst. (1789; P. paiiciflora Lam. non Hook.)

(Plate XXV, fig. A.)

Plantaginella. Lax-cespitose, simple or branching. Leaves erect,
stellately spreading or recurved, narrowly linear-lanceolate or linear-

MACLOSKIE I PLANTAGINACE/E. 733

elongate, subacute, fleshy, remotely toothed, base scarious, bearded or
glabrate; scapes equalling the leaves, spikes i-3-flowered. Corolla-
lobes subacuminate. Caps2iles broad-ovate, 6-seeded, their lower part
scarcely exceeding the calyx.

Magellan ; Fuegia ; Falklands. Highly variable ; lower part of capsule
broad ; of P. monanthos obconical, narrow, elongated. Allied to P.
brownii Raf. of Tasmania and New Zeal.; and to P. andicola Gill., which
has curious roots.

S. Patagon., by O. R. Peterson, determined in Royal Gardens, Kew.

PLANTAGO BARBATA ELONGATA.

Stem simple ; leaves erect, narrowly and long-linear-spatulate, obtuse,
remotely sinuate-dentate, bearded.
Magellan, at Port Gregory.

P. BARBATA IMBERBIS Hook. f.

Stem branching. Leaves spreading, lance-obtuse, remotely toothed,
bearded at base.

Magellan, by Port Famine ; Churucca ; Fuegia.

2. P. BISMARCKII Nied.

Plantaginella. A small bush, 30-60 cm. high, the stem only 25 mm.
in diameter. Leaves in many crowded tufts on the branches, subulate,
silvery-hairy. Spikes 2-5-flowered, short-stalked, concealed among the
terminal leaves of the branches.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., on Sierra de la Ventana.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^, p. 364, A.)

[3. P. BROWNII Raf. (P. carnosa Br.)]

Plantaginella. Stemless ; collum very thick. Leaves many, stellately
spreading, thick and fleshy, spatulate or lanceolate, obtuse, incised-dentate
or runcinate, glabrous or rarely pilose, naked at base. Scapes numerous,
as long as the leaves. Flower-heads compressed, i-4-flowered. Bracts
and calyx-leaves acute. Capsule enclosed by the calyx, rounded, circum-
scissile below the middle. Seeds 4-8. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 3^,
P- 364, F.)

Auckland Is., on rocks near the sea; New Zeal.; Tasmania. "It
belongs to a small group of the genus, remarkable for having the flowers

734 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

*

solitary or capitate, not spicate, and never more than 5 in number ; allied
to a number all found in S. America ; whose only representative in the
Old World is this plant." (J. D. Hooker. Not known in America.)

4. PLANTAGO CANDOLLEI Raf.

Annual. Leaves long-lanceolate, entire or callous-toothed, acute, atten-
uate to a long petiole, 5-y-nerved, glabrous, the peduncles erect, as long
as the leaves, laxly pilose above. Spikes long, cylindrical, loose-flow-
ered below, the bracts carinate, lanceolate, acutish. Anterior calyx-leaves
united at the base, ovate, membranous-margined ; posterior broader, cari-
nate, denticulate, ciliolate. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate. Capsule 3-seeded.

(Chili); Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusen.)

5. P. (PLANTAGINELLA) CCELORHIZA Morris & Macloskie, n. s.

(Plate XXV, Fig. C).

Dwarf, cinereous undershrub, with hollow, conical caudex, crowned by
many-seriate, squarrose, rosulate, rigid, linear, sessile, entire leaves, these
mucronate, with siliceous spines, both sides with appressed bristles^ and the
bases hidden by long, silky hairs. Peduncles several, exceeding the leaves,
bristly, with i-flowered spikes. Bracts 2, triangular-ovate, shorter than the
broad-ovate sepals, and, like them, scarious, with herbaceous midribs. Pyxis
circumscissile, exceeding the calyx, long-beaked by the persisting stylobase.
Seeds probably 2. *

S. Patagon., by Rio Coy.

The type-specimen is no. 37 of the J. B. Hatcher collection in Prince-
ton University ; well characterized by its stiff, squarrose leaves, with long

1 PLANTAGO (§ PLANTAGINELLA) CCELORHIZA Macloskie & Morris, sp. nov.
Planta perennis pumila cinerea caudice cavo frutescente, dense et squarrose rosulato-foliifero,
unde plures pedunculi uniflori, in radictm cavum conicum deorsum transeuntes. Folia plurima,
squarrosa, crassiuscula, rigida, linearia, sessilia, basi scarioso lato, longa lana sericea occulto,
integerrima, 6-8 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, utrinque setts rigidis brevibus adpressis obsita, apice
acuto, mucrone spiniformi siliceo munito. Pedunculi e superioribus axillis sursum adscendentes,
plures, rigidi, breviter folia superantes, 7—25 mm. alti, cinerei setis adpressis, spica uniflora.
Bractece binae, subaequas et oppositae ad summum pedunculum inserts, scariosae, costa angusta her-
bacea dimidium sepalorum paullo superantes, triangulo-ovatse, acutae, plus-minus 1.5 mm longae.
Flos unicus inter bracteas binas sessilis, sepalis scariosis, costa herbacea excepta, late-ovatis, acutis,
plus-minus 2 mm. longis. Pyxis tertia parte calycem superans, late-ovoideus, apice longo stylo-
basi persistente rogtrato, circumscissilis ad tertiam partem inferam, 2.5 mm. vel 2 mm. Semina
pauca, forsitan saepius bina.

MACLOSKIE : PLANTAGINACE/E. 735

siliceous spines, and covered with white, appressed bristles, and by its i-
flowered, 2-bracted spikes, its long-beaked pyxis and its hollow caudex.

6. PLANT AGO CORIACEA Cham. & Schl. (C. brasiliensis Sims.)

Subcaulescent perennial, with glabrate, obscurely 3-nerved linear, or
narrower leaves, attenuate both ways, their points callous. Scapes twice
as long as the leaves, terete, sericeous, interspersed below with spread-
ing hairs. Spikes oblong-cylindrical ; lower bracts ovate, acuminate,
laxly pubescent; upper obtuse. Calyx-leaves rounded concave, slightly
glabrous. Corolla-lobes rounded, with scarcely a mid-line. Ovary 2-
celled, cells i-ovuled.

(Brazil); Patagon., Chubut, valleys by Cabo Raso.

7. P. CORONOPUS Linn.

Rootstock short. Leaves spreading, linear or linear-lanceolate to pin-
natifid, with linear segments, hairy, the ribs not prominent. Spikes cylin-
drical. Flowers small. Sepals broad, ciliate. Ovary 4-celled; cells i-
seeded.

(Mediterr. region; Central Eur. ; North Asia; Austral.); Patagon. (?).

8. P. HIRTELLA Kunth.

Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 5-nerved, dentate, the teeth
transverse or reflexed, or subsessile, with a basal tubercle, or attenuate to
a short, scarious-margined petiole, glabrate, with loose hairs. Peduncles
ascending, exceeding the leaves, sometimes puberulous above, violet-
colored. Spikes long-cylindrical ; lower flowers lax. Bracts lanceolate,
membranaceous-margined. Anterior calyx-leaves equilateral-oval, gla-
brous; posterior broader. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous.
Capsule with 4 yellow seeds.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon.

9. P. LANCEOLATA Linn.

Leaves lanceolate, about 7 cm. long, attenuate-petiolate, slightly hairy,
basal, erect or spreading, 3~5-ribbed. Scape exceeding the leaves, erect
and angular. Spike ovoid, about 2 cm. long, or less. Sepals scarious,
green-ribbed. Stamens twice as long as the corolla. CaJ>sule 2-celled ;
seed i in each cell ; filaments white, slender.

73^ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

(Eurasia; naturalized in N. Amer.; also in Brazil); Magellan, by Dusen,
in the streets of Punta Arenas ; doubtless introduced.

10. PLANTAGO MARITIMA Linn. (P. marginata Steud. ;

P. juncoides Lam.)

Leaves glabrous, fleshy, linear, obscurely nerved, 5-25 cm. long.
Scapes exceeding the leaves, with dense, blunt spikes of perfect flowers.
Seeds 2-4, twice as long as the calyx.

(Eurasia, on the sea-shore; and on coasts of temperate N. Amer.; also
in S. Africa. Not in Australasia.) Patagon ; Golfo de San Jorge; Rivers
Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Magellan; Fuegia, at Ushuaia; Nassau I., form-
ing "turf."

P. MARITIMA MACROPHYLLA Speg.

Leaves linear, fleshy, acute, 20-30 cm. long.
S. Patagon., Salinas by Rio de Sta. Cruz.

P. MARITIMA PAUCIFLORA Speg.

Small. Leaves linear, short (10-15 mm.), thick, rather rigid, apically
callous. Spikes 3-5-flowered. Scapes appressed-setulose, about twice as
long as the leaves.

N. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

ii. P. MONANTHOS d'Urv. (Plate XXV, Fig. B.)

Plantaginella. Stems branching, densely cespitose. Leaves crowded,
sheathing at the base, erect, subsquarrose or spreading, narrowly linear-
elongate, obtuse, obscurely toothed, with cartilaginous margins. Peduncles
many times shorter, glabrous at the base. Spikes i-4-flowered. Capsule
narrowly clavate, circumscissile below the middle, 2-celled. Cells 2-seeded.

S. Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Falklands ; S. Patagon. (Hatcher).

12. P. MYOSURUS Lam.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, 3-nerved, attenuate to a nar-
row petiole, puberulous on both sides. Peduncles erect, as long as the
leaves, laxly pilose, with spreading hairs. Spikes cylindrical, densely
flowered ; bracts hirtellate. Calyx-leaves narrow, oblong-elliptical, inequi-
lateral, obscurely toothed-ciliolate. Corolla-lobes ovate-cordate, acute,
glabrous. Ovary 3-ovulate, fruit usually 3-seeded.

(Montevideo; S. Brazil; Argent); Patagon.

MACLOSKIE I PLANTAGINACE^E. 737

13. PLANT AGO OXYPHYLLA Speg.

Plantaginella. Suffruticose, 10-20 cm. high, perennial, cespitose.
Leaves rigid, linear, long-attenuate, cuspidate, white-mucronate, glabrous,
sessile, with a membranous pericladium, long-silky-villous on its inside.
Bracts like leaves, i -flowered, 2-bracteolate upwards. Corolla short,
glabrous, its lobes narrow, reflexed.

S. Patagon., at Salinas by Rio Sta. Cruz. (Specimens referred to this
by Dusen have appressed hairs on the epiphyl.)

14. P. PATAGONICA Jacq.

Leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat channeled, entire, woolly. Scape
rounded, hirsute. Spike cylindrical. Stamens not protruding.

(Western N. Amer., and southwards) ; at Rawson by mouth of Rio
Chubut, very common ; Golfo de San Jorge.

P. PATAGONICA var.

Abundantly white cottony, not rufous, calyx.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

15. P. PSEUDO-PAT AGONICA Vatke. (P. patagonica Phil, non Jacq.)

Plantaginella. Dwarf annual. Leaves narrow-linear, with a callous
tip, hoary-woolly on both sides. Peduncles ascending, at length suberect,
appressed-silky, exceeding the leaves. Spikes few, i-^flowered.yfow/'.s
subopposite, bracts deltoid, acute, medially hirt ; not half as long as the
calyx. Sepals obtuse, hirt. Corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, short, rather
erect, obtuse. Seeds rugose.

(Chili) ; Patagon. (?).

1 6. P. RANCAGIL-E Steud. (P. patagonica Bert, non Jacq.)
Plantaginella. Roots slender, sending up scapes. Leaves narrow-
linear, silky, as long as the scapes, at length shorter. Scapes terete,
pilose. Spike subcapitate, 2-4-flowered. Bracts shorter than the calyx.
Corolla-segments one-third as long as the calyx. Seeds 2, narrow-oblong.
(Chili) ; Patagon. (?).

17. P. ROC/E Lorentz.

Leaves broad-ovate, about 16 cm. by 1 1 cm., obtuse, crenate or toothed,
scarcely rugulose, green, with 5-7 principal nerves ; attenuate-petiolate.

738 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Scapes long, terete below, striate. Spike 45 mm. long, cylindrical, elon-
gating in fruit. Bracts equalling or exceeding the calyx, ovate, concave,
longer below. Corolla exceeding the calyx, its lobes long, acute. Cap-
sule ellipsoid, 2-celled ; the cells with 8-12 trigonal seeds in each.
N. Patagon.

1 8. PLANTAGO TEHUELCHA Speg.

Plantaginella ; 4-seeded. Cespitose perennial, with the stems immersed
in mud, and branches simple, rosulately leafy. Leaves oblanceolate,
obtusely acutish, entire, thickish, obscurely i -nerved, glabrous. Scapes
hispidulous, not longer than the leaves, 4-flowered at their apex. Bracts
and sepals broad-ovate, glabrous, scariously margined. Corolla-lobes
lanceolate, reflexed, the teeth glabrous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

19. P. VIRGINICA Linn.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire or repand-toothed, 3-5-nerved,
pubescent, attenuate-petiolate or subsessile. Scapes slender, erect, exceed-
ing the leaves. Spikes linear-cylindric, 3—10 cm. long, or in dwarf forms
reduced to a few flowers. Partly dioecious. Corollas of fertile flowers
connivent over the fruit as if beaked. Stamens 4. Seeds 2-4.

(United States) ; Patagon., at Rawson by mouth of Rio Chubut.
(Dusen.)

2. LITORELLA Linn.

Monoecious. Staminal flowers solitary on scapes or on their two
branches. Pistillate flowers crowded and concealed amid the radical
leaves. Nutlet indehiscent, i -seeded. Embryo straight.

Species 2, one aquatic in Europe, and the following:

L. AUSTRALIS Griseb.

Pistillate flowers in an oval, sessile spike. Staminal flowers unknown.
S. Chili, by Grisebach ; not recently seen. Probably the same was got
(not in flowers) by J. D. Hooker in Falkland Is.

Family 106. RUBIACE^E. Madder Family.

Herbs or woody plants, with opposite-stipulate or whorled leaves, and
regular, perfect flowers, with calyx adnate to the i-io-celled ovary, sym-

MACLOSKIE I RUBIACE^E. 739

petalous corolla, and epipetalous stamens, equinumerous with its lobes;
and/h«7a berry, or capsule, or drupe.

Species more than 5,000, cosmopolitan ; most are tropical.

KEY TO THE GENERA.
All have valvate corolla.

A. Fruit segments few-seeded. Flowers small, 4-5-merous. Capsule dry, loculicidal, its lobes
bifid. Stipules broad, connate with the petioles. Alpine dwarf-plants.

I. Cruckshanksia, p. 739.
A A. Fruit-segments i -seeded. Seeds ascending.

b. Seed basal; ovary 2-celled, rarely more-celled. Septum thick. Fruit a juicy drupe.

Stamens in base of corolla-tube, mostly dioecious herbs. 2. Nertera, p. 740.

bb. Flowers usually 4-merous and stem 4-angled. Seeds on the septum. Flowers usually
4-merous, and stem 4-angled. Calyx-teeth small or none. Corolla rotate. Fruit
dry, didymous. Stipules leaf-like. 3. Galium, p. 740.

i. CRUCKSHANKSIA Hook. & Arn.

Alpine undershrubs or herbs, with small, leathery, spatulate, opposite
/eaves, and interpetiolar, triangular stipules adnate to their petioles.
Flowers yellow, in terminal, cymose umbels. Calyx 4-5-merous, 1-2 or
3 lobes enlarged in a single, colored, coriaceous lobe. Corolla salverform,
with a long tube, its lobes valvate. Stamens on the throat, only slightly
exserted. Ovary 2-celled ; each cell with 2-3 amphitropous ovules.
Stigma 2-cleft. Capsule thin.

Species 5, Chili.

i. C. GLACIALIS Poepp. & Endl. (Oreopohis citriittis Schl.)

Densely cespitose undershrub, only 5 cm. high, glabrous, branches
leafy at top. Leaves opposite, petiolate, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate to
spatulate, i cm. long, including one third of this as petiole. Subconnate
stipules persisting after fall of leaf. Flowers subternate. Calyx hid
among upper leaves ; its tube obconical ; its limb unequally 4~5-lobed.
Corolla yellow, pubescent, with 5 short, linear-lanceolate lobes, its tube
10 mm. Stamens 5, anthers dorsifixed, with lateral slits near their top.
Capsule subglobose.

(Chilian Andes, in cold regions); Patagon., Chubut; pampas of S.
Patagon., near Coy Inlet, by O. A. Peterson, Nov. 25, 1896. Whole
plant blackish when dry. W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi (Dusen).

74° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

2. CRUCKSHANKSIA PATAGONICA (Speg. sub Oreopolus}.

Pulverulent cespitose, 5-10 cm. high (green when dry), with apically
rosulate branches. Leaves opposite, fleshy, subcoriaceous, elliptical, ovate,
entire, glabrous, attenuate-petiolate. Stipules connate. Flowers sessile
in the leafy rosules, mostly solitary. Sepals small, dentiform. Corolla
long, salver-shaped ; its lobes lanceolate, spreading, villous inside.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; by Rio Chico, and in Central Chubut.

2. NERTERA Banks & Sol.

Small, slender, creeping herbs, glabrous or sparingly pilose ; with small,
broad, opposite leaves, and connate stipiiles ; and inconspicuous sessile,
axillary, 4-merous flowers, which are sometimes abortively unisexual.
Stamens exserted. Style-branches 2, long, hirsute. Fruit a reddish yel-
low drupe with 2 pyrenes and 2 seeds. (Fig. of flower in Eng. & Prantl,
iv, 4, p. 131, A, B.)

Species 6, 4 in New Zeal., i in Australia and the following :

N. DEPRESSA Banks & Sol.

Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, lobed, 8 mm. long and broad. Drupes
bright yellow, globular, attractive.

(Creeping among moss, of the habit of Mitchella repens. Often culti-
vated for its beauty. Very widely dispersed in southern lands, from
New Zealand to the Chilian Mts., including Australia, Tristan, Hawaia.)
Magellan; Fuegia; Falklands. N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi, on
dripping rocks.

3. GALIUM Linn. Bedstraw, Cleavers.

Herbs, with 4-angled stems and branches and whorled leaves. Flowers
(rarely dioecious), small, 4-merous, rarely 3-merous. Ovary 2-celled,
cells i -seeded. Styles 2. Fruit and foliage often with hooked bristles.

Species 225, widely distributed.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves in 4*3.
b. Glabrous.

c. Stem tetragonal.

d. Leaves linear, mucronate. Peduncle solitary, axillary, i-flowered, short. Fruit
cream-colored, smooth. leucocarpum.

MACLOSKIE: RUBIACE^:. 741

d2. Leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, transparent, nerves setiferous. Peduncles axil-
lary, i -2 -flowered. Involucre 4-leaved. Fruit setulose. chatophorum.
d^. Leaves lanceolate, ciliate, reflexed. Peduncles axillary, I -flowered, 4-5 -leaved.

Flowers purple-tipped, with setae. Fruit smooth. ciliatum.

C2. Leaves becoming yellow, subulate, acute, reflexed, I cm. long. Flowers axillary,

solitary, 4-bracted. Cocci rugulose, smooth. patagonicum.

c$. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, obtuse. Flowers 3-merous, solitary in axils. Fruit

smooth. antarcticum.

C4. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, 3-nerved. Peduncles terminal, in 3*8. Fruit rough.

fuegianum.
l>2. Sparsely scabrous. Stems tetragonal. Peduncles opposite or whorled, 4-bracted.

c. Leaves linear-oblong, acute, i -nerved, half as long as internodes. Peduncles 3-flowered.
Fruits tubercled. ricliardianum.

C2. Leaves subelliptic, mucronate. Peduncles I -flowered. Fruit didymous.

relbun.
A2. Leaves in 4's, rarely in 6's, sparsely scabrid, spatulate-linear, 6 mm. long. Stem filiform.

Peduncles i-3-flowered. Fruit large, smooth. forsteri.

A1*,. Leaves in 5's, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, with rough margins. Peduncles solitary and 2-
flowered, or paired and I -flowered. Fruit glabrous. magellanicum.

A^. Leaves in 5's or 6's, lance-oblong, awned, scabrid-nerved. Cymes i-5-flowered. Fruit

rough. chilense.

At,. Leaves in 6's or 8's, oblanceolate to linear, cuspidate. Cymes 1-3 -flowered. Fruit didy-
mous, with hooks. aparine.
A6. Leaves in 6's or 7's, oblong, obtuse, margin revolute. Flowers corymbose. Fruit smooth
small. Erect plant. nigricans

i. GALIUM ANTARCTICUM Hook. f.

Glabrescent, with slender, sparingly-branched, decumbent stems. Leaves
in 4's, spreading-recurved, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, or linear-lanceo-
late, obtuse, the margins subscaberulous and recurved. Flowers 3-mer-
ous, solitary in the axils. Fruit with thick, short peduncles, glabrous.
Plant 10 cm. high ; leaves 12 mm. long.

Fuegia; Staaten I.; Falklands (also Kerguelen I.).

S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Coy, flower-buds formed Dec. 17, 1896.
' A very distinct little species, somewhat resembling G. saxatile L., of
Europe. It abounds in the Falkland Islands, especially near fresh water
lagoons." (J. D. Hooker ; B. Brown, by Rio Gallegos.)

2. G. APARINE Linn. (G. pseudo-aparine Griseb.)
Weak annual, scrambling over bushes ; angles of stems, the leaves and
tht fruit with stiff retrorse hairs and hooks. Leaves in 6's or 8's, oblan-
ceolate to linear, cuspidate ; about 5 cm. long (but in Patagon., usually

742 - PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

about i cm.., and the whole plant 25 cm.). Cymes i-3-flowered in upper
axils. Fruit didymous, hispid, with hooks.

(Europe and N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., by mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz ; by
Hatcher at Cabo Negro, flowering Jan. 13 ; W. Patagon., in valley of
Rio Aysen (Dusen) ; Magellan, Fuegia, Ushuaia ; Cape Horn.

Spegazzini gives two forms of the G. aparine L. var. pseudo-aparine
Gr. viz.: (i) Tall, diffuse, lax, stems retrorsely subspinulose ; leaves
rather large. (2) Small and contracted. Stems smooth ; leaves rather
small, somewhat approaching G. chonoense Clos.

3. GALIUM CH^ETOPHORUM Griseb.

Low, diffuse, with smooth, tetragonal stems. Leaves in 4's, oblong-
linear, mucronate-acute, transparent, venous, with long seta? on the nerves.
Peduncles axillary, opposite, shorter than the leaf, i-2-flowered ; one
shorter than the other, with minute, 4-leaved involucre. Fruit sessile,
fleshy, with minute setules.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

4. G. CHILENSE Hook. f. (including G. chonoense Hook. f).

Stem retrorsely scabrid at the angles. Leaves in 5*5 or 6's, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate-awned, scabrid on the nerves, and recurved on the
margins. Peduncles i— 5-flowered, shorter than the leaf. Flowers minute.
Ovaries glabrous. Fruit hispid-pilose.

Chonos Archip.; Patagon. (Speg.) ; Fuegia.

5. G. CILIATUM Ruiz & Pav.

Glabrous herb, with branching, procumbent, tetragonal stems, and leaves
in fours, lanceolate, ciliate, equal, reflexed. Peduncles 4-leaved, i-
flowered ; corolla white, rotate, with acute segments, apically purple and
ending in 1-2 setae. Fruit glabrous.

G. CILIATUM PUSILLUM (Gill) O. Ktze. (G. pusillum Endl.)

Glabrous, small, rather creeping. Stem smooth, terete, sulcate. Leaves
in 4's, oblong-linear, mucronate. Pedtmcles equalling the leaves, at their
apex 4-bracted and 3-flowered. Immature fruits minutely tubercled.

(Chili; Argentina); Patagon., Rio Sehnen ; Lago Argentine ; "Relfen."
The roots yield a dye for wool.

MACLOSKIE : RUBIACE^E. 743

6. GALIUM FORSTERI Phil.

Annual? Low, glabrous, sparsely scabrid here and there; stem fili-
form, branching. Leaves in 4's, rarely 6's, spatulate-linear, obtuse.
Peduncles axillary, equalling the leaf, solitary, i-3-flowered. Fruits
rather large, smooth.

Height 6 cm.; internodes slightly longer than the leaves, which are 6
mm. long.

Magellan.

7. G. FUEGIANUM Hook. f.

Annual (?), glabrous. Stem suberect, branching, glabrous. Leaves in
4's, elliptic-oblong, 8 mm. long, acute, obscurely 3-nerved, margins
scaberulous, upper ones hispidulous. Peduncles terminal, in 3's, i-
flowered, very short when flowering, in fruit strong and long. Fruits
hispid-pilose.

"Approaching G. triflorum, but differing by the quaternate leaves, and
the invariably simple peduncles." (J. D. Hooker.)

Magellan ; Fuegia.

8. G. LEUCOCARPUM DC.

Stem diffuse, tetragonal, smooth, branching. Leaves in whorls of 4,
linear, mucronate, glabrous. Pedimcles axillary, solitary, opposite, i-
flowered, short. Fruit glabrous, cream-colored.

(Peru; Chili); S. and W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi. (Dusdn.)

9- G. MAGELLANICUM Hook. f.

Perennial ? Stem suberect, sparingly branching, minutely hispidulous at
the angles. Leaves in 5's, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, with re-
curved, scaberulous margins. Peduncles axillary, mostly solitary and 2-
flowered, rarely paired and i -flowered. Flowers largish. Fruit glabrous.

Stems 7 cm. high. "The largest flowered of the Antarctic Gallia." (J.
D. Hooker.)

Patagon., Magellan, Cabo Negro; near Rio Chubut (here taller, less
scapose, the peduncles i-4-flowered) ; Fuegia, at Ushuaia (here with weak
stems, often glabrous, leaves cuneate-lanceolate, mucronate, and peduncles
i -flowered).

IO. G. NIGRICANS C10S.

Suberect, rather robust, branching, scabrous, with tetragonal stems.
Leaves 6-7 in the whorl, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with

744 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

recurved margin. Axillary, floral-branches, di-, tri-chotomously divided.
Peduncles terminal, short, corymbosely branching. Immature fruit gla-
brous, very small. Plant shining black when dry.

(Valdivia) ; Patagon., rare in rocks by Rio Carren-leofu.

ii. GALIUM PATAGONICUM O. Ktze.

Glabrous, yellowish when dry. Stems 30 cm. high, erect, obtuse-angled,
simple or with short, floriferous branches. Leaves in 4's, subulate, acute,
reflexed, i cm. by i mm. Flowers axillary, solitary, the peduncles ex-
ceeding the leaves. Involucre 4-leaved. Cocci rugulose, glabrous.

Patagon., common in rocky hills by Teka-choique and Lago Musters.

12. G. RELBUN C1OS.

Herbaceous, subscabrid, pilose. Stems many from the caudex, fasci-
ate, elongate, branching, tetragonal. Leaves in 4's, elliptic or ovate-
elliptic, mucronate, margin revolute. Pedtmcles as long as the leaf, op-
posite or whorled, apically 4-bracted, i -flowered. Fruit sessile, globose-
didymous, glabrous.

(From Aconcagua southwards); N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

13. G. RICHARDIANUM Endl.

Glabrous, "smoothly scabrid" and shining. Stem erect, 4-angled.
Leaves in 4's, linear-oblong, acute, i -nerved, only half as long as the
internode. Peduncles opposite or whorled, as long as the leaves, 4-
bracteolate above, 3-flowered. Young fruits tubercled.

(Chili, cordilleras); Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge.RR. Sta. Cruz and Gal-
legos; Port Gregory. "Perhaps the same as G. ciliatiim pusillum Endl."
(Speg.)

Family 107. VALERIANACE.E. Valerian Family.

Herbs, with opposite, exstipulate leaves, and small, cymose or panicled
flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to ovary, its limb small or wanting in the
flower, often large in the fruit. Corolla sympetalous, epigynous, 5-lobed,
slightly irregular. Stamens 1-4, epipetalous, usually exserted. Ovary
i— 3-celled, only one cell with i suspended ovule. Achene i -seeded.
Endosperm little or none.

Species 275, widely distributed, most in N. Hemisphere.

MACLOSKIE I VALERIANACE^E. 745

i. VALERIANA Linn.

Perennials, with basal leaves. Calyx-limb of 5-15 plumose teeth (pap-
pus), unrolled in fruit. Corolla funnelform-tubular, gibbous at base.
Stamens mostly 3. Style entire or 2-3-lobed.

Species 175, N. Temperate and cold regions; from Himalaya to the
Mediterr. region; also to the Orient; and to Northern Eurasia; thence
by N. W. Amer. to Mexico, and along the Andes to Patagon.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Pappus none. Leaves usually entire. Bracts connate (Phyllactis).
b. Leaves imbricate on the branches.

c. Leaves thick, retuse, narrowing basewards, ciliate. Flowers 5-7, 5 -cleft, yellow.

Corolla-tube long. Stamens 5. sedifolia.

c2. Leaves spatulate, some rosulate apically, ovate. Flowers subsessile. Stamens 3.

magellanica.
l>2. Radical leaves spatulate, attenuate-petiolate. Scapes longer. Panicles racemose-spicate,

white. Root coarse. macrorhiza.

£3. Leaves mostly radical, oblong-linear, lobed-pinnatifid, lobes rounded. Cauline leaves
pinnatifid. Panicle short. clarioncefolia.

64. Leaves radical, long-petiolate, oblong, basi-cordate, subsinuate ; cauline leaves ovate, the
upper sessile, toothed. Panicle compound. Rhizome long, emitting fibers.

lapathifolia.
£5. Leaves obovate to ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, sinuate to pinnatifid, long-petiolate, the upper

sessile. Panicle long. Fleshy plants. carnosa.

b6. Leaves pinnatifid, segments many, linear, acute. Panicle spike-like, interrupted. Stem

hollow. polystachya.

A2. Pappus plumose (Euvaleriand).

b. Leaves radical, spatulate, incise-toothed, fleshy, attenuate-petiolate. Flowers glomerulate

on spike-like scapes. Stamens 3. Root napiform. crassiscaposa.

62. Leaves lanceolate, entire, sessile, glabrous; upper basi-cordate. Corymbs terminal,

decompound. salicifolia.

b$. Leaves oblanceolate, the lower entire, the upper basi-auricled, some pinnatifid. Panicle

contracted, white. chubntensis.

64. Leaves sometimes fleshy, the lower entire, the upper pinnatifid. Panicle long, lax.

laxa.
£5. Leaves ovate or oval, petiolate, glabrous.

c . Leaves few, toothed-incised ; upper pinnately-parted ; floral linear. Panicle lax, few-
flowered, laxiflora.
C2. Leaves all toothed ; upper oval-oblong. Cyme contracted. Rhizome tuberous.

obtusifolia.
66. Lower leaves ovate ; upper lyrate-pinnatifid. Panicle lax, large. Annual.

virescens.

A?,. Leaves lyrate-pinnatisect, segments oblong, large above. Panicle thyrsoid. Fruit hoary.

regularis.

51 3>

r> uf TH-1

UNIVERSITY
^L

74^ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Phyllactis Pers. as a genus is polymorphous, with or without stems,
leaves entire or variously dissected, and with dense or lax cymes with
spreading corolla-limb; stamens 3, and/rutt without pappus, but crowned
by the non-accrescent crown. Benth. & Hook, assign to it 30 Andine-
Mexican species. Eng. & Prantl place it as a section of Valeriana, with
10 species, mostly stemless, leaves entire and bracts connate, no pappus,
corolla 3~5-lobed, with long tube. (Fig. of V. (Phyllactis] rigida R. &
P. of great altitudes in Peru; in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 4, p. 180, B.)

i. VALERIANA CARNOSA Smith. (K magellanica Lam.)
Glabrous. Stem erect, 60 cm., rather rigid, simple. Leaves mostly
radical, long-petiolate, obovate to obovate-lanceolate, fleshy, sinuate, ser-
rate, or incised-pinnatifid, lobes and sinuses obtuse, the uppermost leaves
oblong, sessile. Panicle terminal, elongate ; its branches suberect. Bracts
acuminate, basally connate. Lateral peduncles dichotomizing, 6-8-flow-
ered. Fruits oblong, glabrous, retrorsely denticulate.

Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; mts. of Chubut; Rio Sta. Cruz ; Cabo
Negro; Magellan; N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe-plant, every-
where over the steppes ").

2. V. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Simple, glabrous, perennial herb, with slender root and fistulous, terete
to tetragonal stems, 40-80 cm. high. Leaves thin, membranaceous ; the
radical entire, oblanceolate, rather obtuse, long-attenuate-petiolate ; the
cauline acute, few, remote, lanceolate, basally auricled-connate and there
subpuberulous ; the lower toothed, the upper pinnatifid, and the upper-
most linear. Panicle not much branching, contracted, with linear brac-
teoles, white flowers, glabrous achenes, and a crown of 12 plumose
setulae.

Chubut, in wet places along Carren-leofu.

3. V. CLARION^FOLIA Phil.

Glabrous herb. Stem terete, 15 cm. high. Leaves coriaceous, nearly
all radical, rosulate, oblong-linear, lobate-pinnatifid ; lobes 8 pairs, subor-
bicular, usually imbricating, decurrent. Cauline leaves 3 pairs, attenuate-
petiolate, small, deeply pinnatifid, segments linear. Panicle short, com-
pact, few-flowered. Corollas rather large. Anthers and stigma included.
Fruit glabrous, crowned by the short calyx ; no pappus.

MACLOSKIE : VALERIANACE^E. 747

(Chili); Patagon., by Nahuel-huapi, Chubut; Rio Sta. Cruz; Valley of
Lago Blanco, Fuegia. The Patagonian forms have lax diffused panicle,
lobes of the leaves obovate, often toothed on both sides in the upper part.

4. VALERIANA CRASSISCAPOSA O. Ktze. (V. moyanoi Speg. )
Herb, 15 cm. high, with radical leaves, spiciform scape from the alter-
nate glomerules. Root branching, napiform. Leaves rosulate, fleshy,
spatulate, incised-toothed, 3 cm. long, attenuate to a broad petiole.
Bracts oblong, acute. Flowers sessile. Corolla-tube very short. Stamens
3. Fruit compressed, 4 mm. long, with many plumose pappus-hairs, 6
mm. long.

(Tucuman) ; S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, Chubut.

5. V. LAPATHIFOLIA Vahl. (Speg. sub Phyllactis).

Leaves radical, long-petioled, oblong, acute, cordate or rounded at the
base, entire, margins obscurely sinuate. Cauline leaves ovate, 45 cm.
long, shortly petiolate, the uppermost often sessile and dentate ; nerves
slightly pilose above, petioles ciliate at their base. Panicle compound,
broadly ovate, bracts linear, obtuse, ciliate-dentate. Rhizome long ; hori-
zontal, sending out fibrous roots from its nodes.

Magellan, in damp woods; by Hatcher at Punta. Arenas. "Leaves
villous above on the nerves " not so in these specimens. Fuegia. (Speg.)

6. V. LAXA Phil.

Herbaceous, glabrous, nearly a meter high, terete, fistulous. Leaves
fleshy ; the radical entire, oblong, doubly attenuate, sinuate, equalling the
petiole. Cauline pinnatifid, segments 3~5-jugous, those of the upper
leaves all equal, oblong or linear, obtuse, i-2-toothed on both sides.
Panicle long, lax. Branches about 6 pairs trichotomous, branchlets few-
flowered ; corolla mediocre. Genitalia included, fruit compressed, lageni-
form, glabrous. Calyx plumose.

(Chilian Andes) ; Chubut, in rocks along Carren-leofu and by Lago
Cholila. The leaves vary much, sometimes fleshy.

7- V. LAXIFLORA DC.

Perennial, glabrous undershrub, ascending. Leaves petiolate, few, ovate
or oval, irregularly toothed-incised. Floriferous branches exceeding the

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

leaves, rather naked. Upper leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes 1-2 cm. on
each side, entire. Floral leaves linear. Branches of the lax panicle
opposite, apically trifid, few-flowered.
(Chili) ; Patagon.

8. VALERIANA MACRORHIZA (Poepp., sub Phyllactis).

Perennial, glabrous herb, with coarse root. Radical leaves spatulate,
obtuse, attenuate to a petiole, twice as long as the limb. Scapes slightly
exceeding the leaves. Panicle racemose-spicate ; racemules opposite, the
lowest stalked. Floral leaves linear. Petals white ; stamens exsert.

(Chili) ; Chubut, in mountains by Rio Carren-leofu.

V. MACRORHIZA PUMILA Speg.

Stem/ess, with a thick, tuberous rootstock, 20 mm. diam., having long
and thick fibrous roots. Leaves rosulate, obovate or spatulate, entire,
attenuate downwards, then dilating into a pericladium, with 3-5 parallel
nerves. Scapes simple, 2-6 cm. high, bearing a small, ovate flower- head.

Patagon., Chubut Cordilleras, near Carren-leofu.

9. V. MAGELLANICA Hombr. & Jacq. (non. Lam., Speg. sub Phyllactis\

Cespitose, low ; branches aggregate, some erect, some spreading, short,
subdenudate, divided at base. Leaves closely imbricate along the branches
and rosulate-crowded at the apex, spatulate ; their limb ovate, short, atten-
uate-petiolate, dilated basewards, and ciliate-denticulate. Flowers sub-
sessile among the upper leaves, 2-bracteolate, 3-staminate.

Magellan.

V. MAGELLANICA AZORELLOIDES Speg.

Woody, botryose-branching trunks; forming large, hemispherical turf,
25—125 cm. in diam., as of Azorella. Leaves imbricate-rosulate at ends
of the branches, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, flat, plicate when dry, with pectinate,
ciliolate petiole. Fruit glabrous, oblanceolate, obtuse both ways, crowned
by the calyx-teeth.

S. Patagon., near Lago Argentine, at Karr Aike.

(V. MOYANOI Speg. =V. CRASSISCAPOSA O. KtZC.)

Chubut; S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

MACLOSKIE : VALERIANACE.-E. 749

10. VALERIANA OBTUSIFOLIA DC.

Erect, glabrous, with spindle-shaped, tuberous root and obtuse leaves.
Lower leaves obovate to oval-petiolate ; upper sessile, oval-oblong ; all the
leaves more or less coarsely toothed, especially towards the base. Cyme
contracted.

(Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet, Dec. 30, 1896; B. Brown
at Killik Aike, Jan. 5, 1900.

ii. V. POLYSTACHYA Smith. (Benth. & Hook, sub Phyllactis.}

Perennial. Stem erect, simple, short, or i meter tall, i cm. thick or
more, fistulose, substriate or glabrous. Leaves usually pinnatifid, with
many segments, slender, glabrous, gradually dilated basewards, subcon-
nate. Lateral lobes opposite, linear, acute, entire or slightly toothed, or
with i or 2 large teeth. Flowers somewhat polygamous, in interrupted
spike-like panicles.

(S. Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

12. V. REGULARIS CloS.

Root short, undivided. Stem about 60 cm. high, erect, terete, sub-
striate, shining. Radical and stem-leaves lyrate-pinnatisect ; the segments
generally from the base of the petiole, 9, irregularly oblong, the upper
ones larger, toothed or subentire. Panicle thyrsoid, its branches some-
times from the base, lax, symmetrical, the pedicels tri-di-chotomously
divided. Flowers shorter than the lanceolate, acute, entire bracts, ap-
pressed-puberulous. Fruit ovate, lageniform, hoary-puberulous.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., in marshy places by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

13. V. SALICIFOLIA Vahl. (V. salicariczfolia Vahl.)

Glabrous. Stems herbaceous, simple-striate, not climbing. Leaves all
undivided, lanceolate, entire, sessile ; upper leaves basi-cordate. Corymbs
terminal, decompound.

(Near Buenos Ayres) ; N. Patagon. (?).

14. V. SEDIFOLIA d'Urv. (sub Phyllactis}.

Suffruticose ; branches ascending, short. Leaves imbricate, thick, cori-
aceous, retuse, narrowing at base, minutely ciliate. Flowers 5-7, sup-

75° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

ported by the upper leaves ; 5-cleft, yellow, with long corolla-tube.
Stamens 5.

Magellan; Fuegia; Falklands ; Staaten I.

15. VALERIANA VIRESCENS Clos.

Glabrous or pubescent. Leaves membranaceous ; the radical ovate,
entire or lyrate, 3-lobed ; the cauline ly rate-pi nnati fid ; the uppermost
narrow-pinnatifid. Panicle ample, lax. Fruit small, pallid, puberulous,
with a crown of 10-12, not long, plumose setulae.

Chubut, common in upper meadows, near Carren-leofu.

2. VALERIANELLA Pollich (1776). (Plectritis DC, Fedia Moench.)
Annual herbs, mostly with undivided leaves and no pappus-like crown
on the fruit. Flowers in a head. Corolla spurred or gibbous, the tube
at least twice as long as the lobes. Stamens 3. The sterile locules of
the fruit wing-like or wanting, the fruit becoming trigonal. Calyx scarcely
visible, even in the fruit.

Species nearly 10, on the Pacific side of N. and S. Amer.

V. SAMOLIFOLIA (DC.) Benth. & Hook.

A span to 30 cm. high. Verticillastrate clusters 2-4, small. Bracts
slender-subulate (the uppermost sometimes 3-parted). Corolla 2 mm.
long, sub-bilabiate, with short spur. Achene-like fruit resembling buck-
wheat, subglabrate, to 2 mm. long.

(Oregon and California.)

V. SAMOLIFOLIA PUSILLA SpCg.

Low, 10-30 mm. high, stems simple; leaves broadly obovate, obtuse, as
long as, or longer than, the internodes.
Chubut, by Rio Carren-leofu.

Family 108. DIPSACACE^:. Teasel Family.

Herbs, with opposite or rarely whorled, exs&pulate leaves, and perfect,
sympetalous flowers in involucrate heads. Calyx-tube adhering to the
ovary. Corolla epigynous. Stamens 2-4, epipetalous, anthers versatile.
Ovary i -celled, i-ovuled. Style and stigma simple. Achene crowned
by the persistent calyx-lobes. Endosperm fleshy.

Species 140, natives of the Old World.

MACLOSKIE: CAMPANULACE^E. 751

DIPSACUS Linn.

Tall biennials or perennials, rough and prickly, like thistles; with
unusually large leaves and blue, ^.-merous fawers, in terminal, peduncled
heads. Involucral bracts rigid or spiny-pointed. Involucels 4-8-ribbed.
Calyx-limb and corolla-limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4.

Species 15. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 4, p. 183, J, K.)

D. SILVESTRIS Huds.

Stout prickles on stem and leaves. Leaves sessile or connate-perfoliate
upwards, lanceolate or oblong, or acuminate and entire at the top, toothed
or pinnatifid below. Scales of the receptacle straight-pointed.

(Europe and the Orient; naturalized in N. Amer.) ; N. Patagon.,
recently introduced and spreading rapidly over Patagon. Its roots are
used as a popular medicine for chest diseases ; called by the Spaniards
"Carda de la Sierra." The Fuller's Teasel (D. fullonum L., with hook-
pointed receptacular scales) is supposed to be a cultivated variety of this
species.

Family 109. CAMPANULACE^:. Bellflower Family.

Herbs (rarely tropical woody plants), with alternate, exstipulate leaves,
and perfect, 5-merous, sympetalous flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the
ovary. Corolla epigynoGs, regular or irregular. Stamens 5, filaments
separate or connate. Ovary 2-5-celled, with axile placenta, or rarely i-
celled, with parietal placentae. Style i, mostly lobed. Seeds numerous,
small, with endosperm.

Species 1,500, widely distributed.

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Flowers actinomorphic. Anthers free (CAMPANULOIDE^:). Stamens epigynous, not on the

corolla. Ovary immersed.
b. Filaments wide at base. Capsule globular, 2-5-valved. Flowers in cymes.

i. Waldenbergia, p. 752.

b2. Filaments short, hairy. Capsule prismatic, 3-celled, opening by 3 lateral windows.
Flowers axillary. 2. Legouzia (Specularid), p. 752.

A2. Flowers zygomorphic ; synantherous, with filaments also more or less connate (LOBELIOIDE.E).
b. Corolla-tube open dorsally to the base.

c. Fruit a globular, 2-celled capsule, dehiscing loculicidally, with 2 subapical valves.
Odd sepal dorsal. Proterandrous. 3. Lobelia, p. 753.

752 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c2. Fruit a berry. Anthers 2 apically tufted, 3 naked. Mostly creeping herbs, with
broad leaves and I -flowered peduncles. Often dioecious.

4. Pratia, p. 753.

Z>2. Corolla-tube not open behind. Capsule indehiscent, or dehiscing by a lid. Filaments
connate at least below ; 2 anthers with i or a few apical bristles, 3 naked. Habit of
Pratia. 5. Hypsela, p. 754.

i. WAHLENBERGIA Schrad.

Herbs, or with woody base and varying habit. Generally with blue,
nodding, regular flowers and erect, 2-5-valved capsule, dehiscing at the
apex. Corolla more or less deeply 5- or rarely 3-4-cleft. Stamens
epigynous, filaments wide at base; anthers free. (Campanula has the
capsule dehiscing laterally.)

Species 70, chiefly in S. and W. Africa ; the Mediterr. region ; Him-
alaya; Japan; Malaya; Tasmania; New Zeal.; also in trop. Amer. In
the Southern Hemisphere it takes the place of Campanula in the Northern.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 58.)

W. LINARIOIDES DC.

Glabrous, erect, perennial herb, with simple stem, or branching from the
base. Leaves linear, subdenticulate. Pedicels terminal, long, naked.
Calyx-tube obconical ; its lobes triangular-acuminate, as long as the tube.
Corolla funnelform, 5-cleft, half longer than the calyx-lobes. Capsule
long, obconical, 2-celled. Seeds lenticular.

(Chili; S. Brazil; used medicinally against colic); N. Patagon., near
Rio Negro.

2. LEGOUZIA Durand, 1782. (Specularia Heister, 1830.)

Venus's Looking-glass.

Low annuals, with axillary, bluish flowers. Calyx $-(3-4-) lobed. Sta-
mens 5, separate. Corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate ; filaments short,
hairy. Stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic-oblong, 3-celled, opening by 3 lat-
eral valves.

Species 10, chiefly in Northern Hemisphere.

L. PERFOLIATA (Linn, sub Campanula] Britton.

Leaves roundish-ovate, clasping by the cordate base, toothed, slightly
hairy. Flowers sessile, 1-3 in the axils, only the upper ones having an

MACLOSKIE : CAMPANULACE^E. 753

expanded corolla. Capsule straight, opening below the middle. Seeds
lenticular.

(N. Amer.); Patagon., Chubut, in elevated meadows.

3. LOBELIA Linn.

Chiefly herbs, with alternate or basal leaves and zygomorphous flowers
usually in terminal racemes or panicles. Corolla-tube divided on the dor-
sal side. Stamens 5, mostly free from the corolla, all the anthers united
around the 2-cleft style; 2 anthers hairy-tufted. Ovary 2-celled, many-
ovulate. Fruit a capsule.

Species 225, widely dispersed. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 66, A.)

L. FLUVIATILIS Br.

Glabrous. Creeping, with ascending, angulate branches. Leaves oval,
serrate, subciliate, sometimes entire. Pedicels bractless, longer or shorter
than the leaves. Calyx-tube long-ovoid, pubescent, its lobes linear.
Corolla 4 times as long as the calyx-lobes, white (?). Anthers glabrous,
the inferior pair tufted.

(Near Port Jackson, Australia, the type) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher,
near Cape Fairweather, Oct., 1896.

The Patagonian form is not creeping, has entire leaves, and the calyx
about three-fourths as long as the corolla.

4. PRATIA Gaudich.

Slender, creeping herbs, rarely ascending or erect, with alternate, toothed,
broad leaves, and axillary, i -flowered peduncles; or abortively dioecious.
Calyx-tube obovoid, adnate, wanting in male flowers, lobes 5, subequal.
Corolla oblique, its tube dorsally parted to the base, its lobes slightly
unequal or bilabiate. Stamen-ttibe free or attached to the base of the
corolla. Anthers, 2 apically awned or tufted ; the other 3 naked. Ovary
inferior, 2-celled, with many ovules. Fruit a berry, crowned by the calyx-
lobes.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 68.)

Species 16, Himalaya, Malaya, Java, Australia, New Zeal., Auckland
Is., and in S. Amer., from Bolivia and Brazil southward.

754 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

i. PRATIA LONGIFLORA Hook. f. (including Hypsela atacamensis Phil.).

Lax-cespitose, glabrous. Stem rather stout, nodose, subsimple. Leaves
few, erect, fleshy, long-petiolate, ovate, obtuse, entire or obscurely sinu-
ate. Peduncles almost terminal, as long as the leaves, bractless. Calyx-
segments ovate, acute. Corolla-tube cylindrical, elongate, thrice as long
as its spreading lobes.

(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon. ; Magellan.

Leaves narrower and smaller than of next ; and
95. corolla-tube longer and narrower.

2. P. REPENS Gaud.

Small, branching, creeping. Leaves on long peti-
oles, thickish, induplicate, orbiculate, subcordate, sinu-
ate-crenate. Pedicels axillary, few, as long as the
petioles, with 2-3 very small, acute bracteoles. Calyx-
lobes ovate, acute, shorter than the obovoid tube, one-
fifth as long as the rose-violet corolla. Seeds pale fus-
cous. (Fig. 95.)

Magellan; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Coy,
Pratia repens. - - Flow- and Nordcnskj. at Rio Gallegos ; Fuegia, passim, by

ering-shoot with leaves, _. . r? «_i j r n uui j

slightly reduced. Dusen ; Falklands, "of steppe-flora, by brooks, and

in forests with poor rain-fall."

"Pratia repens Gaudich. and Hypsela reniformis Presl. found in the
Andes are very much alike." (Eng. & Prantl.) [Hypsela has the corolla
not dorsally parted.)

5. HYPSELA Presl.

Dwarf, creeping or cespitose herbs, with radical or alternate leaves, broad,
with a thick petiole, and axillary peduncles, each with a small, white to
pinkish flower. Corolla-tube not parted, its lobes slightly unequal and
spreading. Two anthers, with i or more apical setae ; three not appen-
daged. Fruit a capsule.

Species 5, in the southern Andes.

i. H. LONGIFLORA Benth. & Hook. (Pratia atacamensis Phil.)

Small, creeping, glabrous, with ovate-orbicular, entire, noncordate leaves,
the petioles much exceeding the blades. Calyx-teeth stout, triangular,

MACLOSKIE GOODENIACEyE. 755

broader than long. Stamens and styles as long as the not-cleft, subregu-
lar corolla, which is white to violet.

(Chili); Magellan.

(The above characters are from Philippi's plant.)

2. HYPSELA RENIFORMIS Presl.

Glabrous, creeping. Leaves orbiculate-reniform, petioles as long as the
limb, pedicels shorter. Calyx-tube campanulate, exceeding the ovate
lobes. Corolla-titbe 2-4 times as long as the calyx-lobes ; corolla-lobes
ovate-acuminate.

(Andine, at Antisana Volcano in Quito and to Chili) ; S. Patagon., at
Coy Inlet, by Peterson, and at Cabo Negro; Killik Aike. (B. Brown.)

(See note to Pratia repens.]

Family 110. GOODENIACE^E.

Herbs or shrubs, with usually alternate or radical, exstipulate leaves, and
no milky juice, and with perfect, mostly irregular, 5-merous flowers, hav-
ing adnate calyx and sympetalous corolla. Stamens 5, alternipetalous,
epigynous, with anthers usually distinct. Ovary i-2-celled. Style simple
or 2-cleft, with an indusium enclosing the stigma. Ovules i or more in
the cells. Fruit a drupe or capsule. Embryo straight in axis of endo-
sperm.

Species 200, chiefly Australian ; some in tropical Asia, New Zeal. ;
with stragglers in Afr., W. Indies, Pacific Is. and Antarctic Amer.

SELLIERA Cav.

Low, perennial herbs, with creeping stem and i -lipped, purplish corolla,
with valvate lobes. Mouth of indusium naked. Peduncles long, i-
flowered, with 2 small bracts midway. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds
2 or more, ascending.

Species 2, Australia; one of these is also in New Zeal, and in S.
Amer., viz. :

S. RADICANS Pers.

Glabrous, rooting at the nodes, with sessile to long-petioled oblanceo-
late, thickish, glabrous leaves, entire and subacute, 3-7 cm. long.

(Austral. ; New Zeal.); Chiloe, in moist places by the sea; W. Patagon.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Family 111. CANDOLLEACE/E (or Stylidieae).

Mostly herbs, with radical, or sparse or falsely-whorled cauline, exstipu-
late, entire leaves ; flowers with calyx-tube adnate to the ovary and limb
5~lobed or bilabiate, and with corolla sympetalous, usually irregular.
Stamens 2, connate with the style. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, or at the
base i -celled. Stigmas 2. Omdes numerous, with endosperm.

Species 100, chiefly Australian; some in tropical Asia, New Zeal, and
Antarctic Amer.

PHYLLACHNE Forst.

Low, perennial herbs, with rosular or imbricating leaves. Corolla
nearly regular, campanulate.

Species 9, New Zeal. ; also i in Austral., and i in Patagon.

P. ULIGINOSA Forst. (Forstera muscifolia W.)
Moss-like herbs. Flowers solitary on the peduncles, nearly sessile

among the leaves. Capsule turbinate, indehiscent.

E. and W. Magellan, Fuegia to Cape Horn. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl,

iv, 5, p. 83, F.) "Flourishes most in the rainy forest region, and to

700 m. of elevation." (Dusen.)

Family 112. CALYCERACE.E.

Procumbent or low herbs, with radical or alternate, exstipulate leaves
and regular, superior, sympetalous flowers on a common receptacle en-
closed by a common involucre ; usually with chaff subtending the indi-
vidual flowers. Calyx-tube 5-angled, leading to as many teeth, persisting
on the achenes. Stamens usually 5, epipetalous, connate. Ovary i -celled,
i -seeded. Style undivided. Seed with endosperm.

Species 23, all S. American ; 2 in Brazil ; most in the Chilian Andes.
"They are carried down thence to the plains (of Patagonia, etc.) by the
mountain streams." (J. Ball.)

KEY TO THE GENERA.

A. Flowers all similar (except sometimes in Boopis).

b. Involucrate bracts connate below. Achenes free, ribbed or prismatic.

i. Boopis, p. 757.

b2. Involucre connate high up, but 12-toothed. 2. Gainocarpha, p. 761.

£3. As Boopis, but achene with obtuse calyx lobes. 3. Nastanthus, p. 763.

MACLOSKIE : CALYCERACE^E. 757

A2. Flowers of center sterile ; marginal flowers fertile, their fruits connate and crowned by the
thorny calyx. 4- Acicarpha, p. 764.

i. BOOPIS Juss.

Glabrous; stem ascending and branching, or scapiform and i -headed.
The heads pedunculate; all the flowers in a head are of the same charac-
ter, or with a few smaller sterile flowers. Invohtcrate bracts partly con-
nate. Achenes free, crowned by the calyx-teeth.

Species 10, in Chilian Andes. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 86, A-D.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leaves fleshy.

b. Leaves linear, subentire or subpinnate. chubutensis.

b2. Leaves lanceolate or narrower, sessile, mostly amplexicaul, toothed. Calyx-lobes and

achene dimorphous ; the achene winged. crassifolia.

b$. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, long-attenuate-petiolate. Involucre i -leaved, 5-8-

toothed. patagonica.

64. Cauline leaves linear, subentire or basally appendaged ; lower leaves rosulate. Stems

concrescent, diverging above, I -headed. australis.

£5. Leaves ovate to subspatulate, entire, the lower with whitish petioles. alpina.

b6. Leaves rounded, toothed, with long, broad petioles. Flowers long, green, without

involucre. ameghinoi,

Az. Leaves not fleshy.

b. Leaves entire or nearly so, linear.

c. Short, leafy branches, with heads sessile amid the leaves. filifolia.

c2. Scape remotely leafy, apically i -headed and with axillary heads. leptophylla.

b2. Radical leaves linear-lanceolate, incised, often recurved, attenuate-petiolate. Peduncles

i-headed, leafy near top. squarrosa.

£3. Radical leaves spatulate, half-pinnatifid, upper leaves simpler, leafless at top. Heads

terminal, I (rarely 2). scapigera.

64. Leaves pinnatisect.

c. Segments capillaceous. Corolla-tubes slender. Achenes winged. anthemoides.

c2. Segments narrow-linear. Head solitary, terminal, on a long peduncle, rigidula.
C3- Segments oblong, pinnately toothed. Cau line-leaves similar but simpler. Flowers

white. multicaulis.

£5. Leaves pectinate, oblong-linear. Corolla short, its tube nearly cylindrical, gracilis.
b6. Leaves laciniate. . laciniata.

i. B. ALPINA Poepp. (Gamocarpha poeppigii DC.)

Leaves fleshy, green to glaucous, plicate, ovate or subspatulate, entire,
the lower with a whitish petiole.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
2. BOOPIS (?) AMEGHINOI Speg.

Leaves rounded, dentate, with long, broad petioles. Flowers long,
green, without any involucre.

Patagonia, near Lago Argentine.

3. B. ANTHEMOIDES JuSS.

Leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes capillaceous. Receptacle-pales few and
slender. Calyx-lobes acute or mucronate. Corolla-tube slender. Achenes
smooth, angles winged.

(Chili to Bonaria, near Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon., at the confluence
of Rios Limay and Neuquen.

B. ANTHEMOIDES SUBSCANDENS Speg.

Involucre far surpassing the flower-head.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. B. AUSTRALIS Griseb.

Fleshy perennial. Stems concrescent from their base to the middle,
diverging upwards like a dense corymb, i -headed. Lowest leaves rosu-
late; cauline linear, subentire, or above appendaged. Involucral lobes
entire, ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, crowned by the head. Receptacle
with no or fugacious pales.

S. Patagon., by Rios Chico and Sta. Cruz; Magellan., in sandy mari-
time places; N. and E. Fuegia, " of the steppe-flora." (Dusen.)

5. B. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Glabrous, green, perennial, subcespitose. Leaves numerous, very rosu-
late, thick-fleshy, narrowly linear, subrevolute, entire or remotely and
briefly pinnate ; apex and teeth acute, mucronate. Scapes solitary or few,
erect, naked, scarcely equalling the leaves, i -headed; heads rather large,
hemispherical ; invohicre-leaves 5—8, ovate-triangular, acute, entire or few-
toothed. Flowers crowded, free ; ovaries turbinate, the lobes 5, narrow-
lanceolate, acute. Corolla white, cylindraceous-turbinate, 5-toothed. Sta-
mens 5, inserted at the middle of the tube. Style long, exsert, scarcely
thickened upwards. •

Chubut, in dry rocks along Rio Chubut.

MACLOSKIE — CALYCERACE^E. 759

6. BOOPIS CRASSIFOLIA A. Gray.

Glabrous. Stem, 20-30 cm. high, with branches leafy to the top.
Leaves fleshy, sessile, mostly amplexicaul, lanceolate or narrower, repand-
toothed. Heads shortly peduncled. Involucre fleshy, deeply 5-y-cleft,
its segments oblong. Calyx-lobes of 2 kinds, broad-triangular and nar-
rower. Receptacle-pales filiform, with spatulate apex. Achenes mostly
5-winged, dimorphous, the larger crowned with 4-5 spines, the smaller
with acute lobes.

Patagon., widely distributed here, in sandy soil by the coast, and on the
higher plateau.

B. CRASSIFOLIA SPINULIGERA Speg.

Taller, 25-50 cm., coarsely branching. Leaves sessile, elliptic or sub-
spatulate (40 mm. by 12 mm.), irregularly repand-toothed ; the teeth mu-
cronulate or spiniferous.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and Bahia San Bias.

7. B. FILIFOLIA Speg.

Glabrous, stemless, with filiform rhizome, and short, fasciculate-leafy
branches. Leaves narrow-linear, entire, obtuse. Heads solitary, acrog-
enous, sessile amid the leaves, mid-sized. Involucre hemispherical, 6-
i2-toothed. Achene obscurely pentagonal.

S. Patagon., by Rios Sta. Cruz and Chico ; between San Julian and
Rio Deseado.

8. B. GRACILIS Phil.

Glabrous, branching annual, about 22 mm. long, high, glaucous. Leaves
pectinate, oblong-linear in outline, with 3-5 teeth on both sides, the upper
shorter-toothed, the uppermost entire. Involucral scales connate more
than half way, broad-triangular, equalling the flowers. Pales very few,
hair-like. Corolla short, its tubes subcylindrical. Fruit 5-costate.

(Chili) ; Chubut, in pastures near Carren-leofu.

9. B. LACINIATA Ball.
Leaves laciniate. Cetera ?

N. Patagon., on gravelly beds of Rios Negro and Chubut.

IO. B. LEPTOPHYLLA Speg.

Glabrous, tall. Radical leaves crowded, long-linear, obtuse, entire or
apically lobed. Scape erect, angulate-striate, remotely leafy, bearing an

760 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

apical flower-head, and some additional, pediceled, axillary heads. Invo-
lucre 5-8-cleft, with long segments. Achenes sharply pentagonal, white,
smooth, crowned by the calyx-lobes.

S. Patagon., swampy sands by Rio Chico; along Golfo de San Jorge.
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla-tube.

II. BOOPIS MULTICAULIS Phil.

Glabrous. Stems 30 cm. high, several from the root, erect, subnude,
i-3-headed. Radical leaves 9 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid, nearly pinnate ;
petioles naked to their middle. Lobes 4-5 pairs, oblong, obtuse, pin-
natifid-toothed. Cauline leaves in 2's or 3's, subsessile, pinnatifid, their
segments at length entire. Peduncles 7 cm. long, naked. Involucral
scales entire, attenuate, or i or 2 of them spatulate, 3-toothed. Pales
lanceolate to setaceous. Corolla long, with white limb.

(Andes) ; Chubut, in rocks by Carren-leofu.

B. MULTICAULIS PATAGONICA O. Ktze.

Stems short, 5 cm. long. Involucral lobes mostly leafy-toothed.
Patagon.

12. B. PATAGONICA Speg. (B. alpina Speg. non Poepp.)
Low, stemless, glabrous perennial, green-glaucous. Leaves oblanceo-
late, or obovate, fleshy, long-attenuate-petiolate. Heads subsessile, turbi-
nate. Involucre i -leaved, 5-8-toothed, or lobed, the lobes often obtuse and
very large. Pales none. Flowers numerous; corollas white, 5-toothed
cylindraceous. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube. Style fili-
form, long-exserted. Ovary 5-costate, glabrous.

S. Patagon. ; in dry places near Chonkenk Aike by Rio Chico ; and
between San Julian and Rio Deseado.

13. B. RIGIDULA Miers.

Stems simple, erect, angulate-striate, flexuose. Leaves pinnatisect,
segments and rachis narrow-linear, 4-5 pairs and a terminal one, divari-
cate-mucronate, rigid, coriaceous, revolute. Head solitary, terminal,
long-peduncled. Involucre connate, broad, lo-cleft nearly to middle.,
Segments narrow, 3-nerved, aciculate. Flowers equal. Calyx-lobes ob-
scurely 3-toothed at apex.

(Chili, Argentina) ; Patagon.

MACLOSKIE: CALYCERACE>E. 761

Grisebach regards the above as a variation of B. anthemoides, with
broader leaf-segments, and sometimes with 10 or 5 involucral lobes.

BOOPIS RIGIDULA PATAGONICA Hieron.

Leaf-segments very narrow-linear. Involucres of larger heads 8-cleft,
of smaller heads 5-cleft ; the lobes triangular, ending in a subulate tooth ;
margins toothed. Flowers shorter. Calyx- segments 1-3 for each achene.

N. Patagon., mostly by hills near Rio Negro; near mouth of Rio
Chubut

14. B. SCAPIGERA Remy. (Plate XXVI.)

Stems numerous, scapiform, naked or sparsely leafy at top, 12-15 cm-
high. Radical leaves rosulate, spatulate, half-pinnatifid, long-attenuate,
glabrous. Upper leaves shorter, subentire. Heads terminal, solitary,
rarely 2. Involucre 5-7-leaved, its leaves short, connate. Outer pales of
receptacle dilated-leafy ; inner narrow. Corolla tubular, its limb of 5 ob-
long, 3-nerved divisions. Filaments united at base. Style protruding,
subcapitate. Achenes crowned by the 5 persisting, obtuse calyx-leaves.

Chili ; S. provinces ; by Hatcher near Rio Sta. Cruz. (Determined from
Remy's description in Gay's Flora ckilensis.]

15. B. SQUARROSA Miers. (B. australis Dene, non Gris.)
Glabrous, subcespitose ; stems or peduncles subscapiform, very numer-
ous. Radical leaves many, and other cauline ones shorter, linear-lanceo-
late, incised-serrate, the segments remote, angulate, mucronate, often sub-
recurved, narrowed to a long, flat petiole. Peduncles i -headed, leafy
under the apex. Involucre cup-shaped, 5-cleft beyond the middle. Seg-
ments linear, acute, toothed. Pales shorter than the flowers, linear-
spatulate.
Magellan.

B. SQUARROSA var.

Leaves and scapes shorter and thicker than in the preceding.
S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.

2. GAMOCARPHA DC.

Involucre dentate, consisting of about 6-12 scales, connate high up.
Receptacular fimbriae acute, connate in alveoli. Flowers all fertile.
Calyx-lobes 5, elliptical, obtuse. Corolla 5-cleft, lo-nerved. Anthers in-

762 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

eluded, wingless, tailless, the filaments apically distinct. Style long, ex-
sert, slender, scarcely capitate. Achene angulate.
Chilian herbs.

i. GAMOCARPHA AMEGHINOI Speg. (olim sub Boopis}.

Glabrous, fleshy ; the branches prostrate, short, rosulate-leafy. Leaves
suborbicular, incised-toothed, long and broad-petiolate. Scapes thick,
short-bracteate, with apical flower-head, but no involucre. Flowers rather
long, greenish, glomerate at the axils of the upper bracts.

S. Patagon., mountains at Karr Aike near Lago Argentine.

2. G. CALEOFUENSIS Speg.

Low, erect, simple or few-branched, glabrous, green. Leaves crowded,
erect, appressed, thickish, spatulate, apically trifid, with short obtuse lobes ;
margin thick, subrevolute ; basally attenuate to a flat petiole 3-4 times
as long as the limb. Scapes sparsely leafy, i -headed. Involucre formed
of short-stalked leaves ; pales like the leaves, but shorter, concrescent at
their base. Flowers numerous, crowded ; ovary turbinate, glabrous ;
corolla subcylindrical, 5-toothed, whitish. Stamens inserted at base of
tube ; style long, exsert.

Chubut, in -rocks at base of Carren-leofu springs.

3. G. PATAGONICA Speg.

Stoloniferous perennial. Leaves oblanceolate-linear, long-attenuate-
petiolate, coarsely and obtusely toothed, teeth i-3-jugous, rather fleshy,
green. Scapes erect, having 2 opposite branches of their own length, all
i-3-leaved, i-headed. /7m>/2/c7r6-io-partite; the segments broad-linear,
obtuse, entire, scarcely equalling the funnelform flowers. Corollas white-
greenish, 5-parted to the staminal insertion.

Chubut, mountains near Bolson.

4. G. SUBANDINA Speg.

Cespitose-pulvinate perennial, glabrous, green. Leaves crowded at the
top of branches of the rhizome, subrosulately imbricated, thick, coriaceous,
shining ; their limbs obovate, involutely complicate, pinnatifid, the lobes
2-3 pairs, short, obtuse, subimbricate-connivent, cuneate-attenuate down-
wards to a trigonal petiole, 3-8 times longer. Scapes none. Heads
hemispherical, compound, many-flowered, sessile in the center of the

MACLOSKIE I CALYCERACE/E. 763

rosules. Bracts 3-5-cleft, concrescent. Flowers greenish. Ovaries angu-
late, subconcrescent, apically truncate, 5-toothed, the teeth lanceolate.
Corollas obconical-cylindraceous, shortly 5-toothed. Stamens inserted at
base of the tube. Style filiform, exsert.

Chubut, in mountains by Carren-leofu. Allied to G. caleofuensis.

3. NASTANTHUS Miers. (In Eng. & Prantl, sub Boopis.}

Stemless herb, with short, thick, i -headed scape. Leaves rosulate,
thickish, dentate or pinnatifid. Pales of receptacle few, slender. Corollas
slender at base. Achenes angulate-subulate, as in Boopis anthemoides,
but crowned by the very obtuse calyx-lobes.

1. N. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Green, glabrous, fleshy perennial. Leaves subfasciculate at the crown
of the root; erect, with oblanceolate or obovate limb, crenate, dentate,
produced to a petiole 2-4 times as long. Scapes numerous, terete, slen-
der, the marginal free and scarcely exceeding the leaves ; the central often
shorter than the concrescent leaves. Heads globose, almost without
pales, with a 5— y-leaved involucre; lobes narrowly ovate or sublanceolate,
acute, entire. Flowers numerous ; corollas funnel-filiform, 5-cleft ; stamens
inserted at the throat of the corolla-tube. Achenes broadly pentagonal-
winged ; calyx-lobes broad, obtuse.

Chubut, in dry, rocky places near Carren-leofu.

2. N. PATAGONICUS Speg.

Glabrous, rather small perennial. Leaves densely and imbricately
rosulate at the crown of the root ; limbs broad-obovate, incised-dentate,
teeth acute, often callously mucronate, attenuate to a longer petiole.
Heads mostly dimorphous, a very large central head on a thick, naked
scape, and nearly always several lateral, smaller, subsessile heads, with
involucres 8-2o-lobed ; the lobes ovate, acute, entire. Receptacle naked
or scarcely fimbrilliferous. Flowers numerous, narrowly obconoid-cylin-
draceous, greenish, 5-merous ; corolla-lobes long-acute ; stammal insertion
in the mouth. Style exsert, slender.

Chubut, rarely in dry, stony places near Teka-choique.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

FIG. 96.

4. ACICARPHA Juss.

Usually branching annuals, -with flowers dimorphous in a head, the mar-
ginal fertile, the central sterile. Involucral bracts connate below with the
receptacle, free and leafy upwards. Receptacle long, with few or no pales.
Filaments connate. Achenes united and immersed in the receptacle,
crowned by the hard, accrescent-spinescent calyx-lobes.

Species 3, in extratrop. S. Amer.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 85.)

i. A. ROSULATA N. E. Brown.

Nearly stemless herb. Leaves many, densely rosulate, coriaceous,
spatulate, 12 by 6 mm., entire or 3-toothed, obtuse, cuneate-narrowed to

the petioles. Heads numerous, sessile in
the axils of palmatisect bracts, densely
crowded. Involucral bracts connate to a
many-toothed cup. Stamens 5, the an-
thers united. Ovary glabrous. Achenes?
Remarkable for its dwarf habit and rosu-
late leaves. (Fig. 96.)

S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro. (Nordensk-
jold.)

2. A. TRIBULOIDES JuSS.

.-v* left a scape and head Glabrous, erect. Leaves oblong-cuneate,
of A. rosuiata (original); h, leaf-shoot sinuate, dentate, obtuse, the lower spatu-
and head, and ft, fr, flower and fruit of iate, the upper amplexicaul, with a broad

A. spathulata (after Hock). , „, , , , ,

base. /• 'lower- heads terminal on the
branches. Style long-exserted.

(Bonaria) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

Family 113. COMPOSITE. Composite Family.

Herbs or woody plants, with exstipulate, simple leaves (often much
divided), and involucrate-heads of mostly 5-merous, sympetalous flowers,
with synantherous, epipetalous stamens, and an inferior, i -celled, i-ovulate
ovary, having a 2-branched style, and mostly crowned by a pappus con-
sisting of bristles, awns, or scales, being the limb of the adnate calyx ;
pappus sometimes none. Common receptacle of the flower-head, flat or

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 765

variously convex, naked or with chaff between the flowers. Seeds with
large, anatropous, erect embryo, and no endosperm.

Species nearly 12,000, cosmopolitan.

•(Always secure open flower-heads and also ripe fruits. In the analyses,
references to the style-branches in most cases concern only fertile flowers ;
the style of sterile flowers being imperfectly developed.)

PATAGONIAN COMPOSITE.

I. ANALYSIS OF TRIBES.

A. Flowers tubular, with or without a ray of ligulate flowers. Juice watery.
B. Heads homogamous, all the flowers tubular.

c. Anthers basally sagittate, dorsifixed. Flowers never yellow. (Genus i.)

I. VEKNONIE^E, p. 766.

C2. Anthers basally subentire, apically appendaged or not. Styles long, obtuse. Invo-
lucral-scales oo -seriate, imbricate, only slightly unequal. Receptacle mostly naked.
Pappus mostly setose. Corollas 4-5 -cleft, never true yellow. Leaves mostly op-
posite. (Genera 2-4.) II. EUPATORIE^E, p. 766.
£•3. Anthers long-tailed, and apically long appendaged. Styles short, obtuse. Involu-
cral-scales oo -seriate, imbricate, and often spinescent. Receptacle with setae or
with cleft pales. Pappus setose or narrowly paleaceous, mostly oo -seriate. Co-
rollas all 5-merous. Leaves alternate, often spinose. (Genera 57-60.)

X. CYNAROIDE.E, p. 771.

B2. Heads heterogamous, radiate, or abortively homogamous and discoid.
c. Anthers basi-obtuse, apically appendaged.
d. Receptacle mostly naked.

e. Involucral scales imbricated.

/. Style-branches flat. Pappus setaceous, rarely poleaceous or none. Leaves
mostly alternate, rarely dissected. (Genera 5-21.)

III. ASTERE/E, p. 766.

/2. Style-branches truncate or hairy-tipped. Involucral scales i-2-seriate,
mostly herbaceous, subequal, rarely j-seriate, with short outer scales.
Pappus mostly paleaceous or awned. Leaves opposite or alternate.
Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile or neuter; in ours not persisting on the
fruit, rarely none. (Genera 42-47.) VI. HELENIOIDE^E, p. 769.

e2. Involucral scales i-2-seriate, subequal, little imbricated, sometimes with a
calyculus, rarely oo -seriate. Receptacle mostly naked. Styles pencilled,
truncate or appendaged. Hermaphrodite flowers usually fertile. Pappus
setose, rarely none. Leaves mostly alternate. Flowers, especially of ray,
usually all fertile. (Genera 53-55.) VIII. SENECIONE^E, p. 770.

d2. Receptacle with chaff subtending the flowers. Involucral-scales i— oo -seriate,
mostly herbaceous. Style-branches truncate or appendaged. Pappus awn-like,
or paleaceous, or none. Leaves, at least the lower, often opposite. Disk
mostly yellow, and ray mostly homochromous. (Genera 33-41.)

V. HELIANTHOIDE.E, .p. 768.

766 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

</3. Receptacle chaffy or naked. Involucral-scales 2— oo-seriate, imbricate, dry, orapi-
cally scarious. Style-branches mostly truncate. Pappus none, or coroniform
or shortly paleaceous. Leaves alternate, mostly dissected. (Genera 48-52.)

VII. ANTHEMIDE,E, p. 770.
[c. Anthers basally entire, or sagittate, not tailed. (S. Afr. and Austral.)

X. ARCTOTIDE.E.]

c2. Anthers basally mucronate, subcaudate. Involucral scales i— 2-seriate, subequal
(rarely 2— 3-seriate, unequal). Style-branches flat-truncate. Receptacle usually
naked. Pappus none or woolly, or fugacious from the large achenes. Leaves
mostly alternate, rarely dissected. Disk mostly yellow or orange, ray homochro-
mous or white. (Genus 56.) IX. CALENDULE/E, p. 771.

^3. Anthers tailed. Style-branches apically rounded or truncate, not appendaged. Pap-
pus mostly setose, sometimes paleaceous or none.

d. Flowers often ligulate in the ray, tubular and shortly 4— 5-merous in the disk.
Heads often small and rays none. Anthers apically appendaged. Involucral
scales mostly oo-seriate, scarious or herbaceous. Receptacle sometimes palea-
ceous. Leaves mostly alternate and entire. (Genera 22-32.)

IV. INULE.E, p. 768.

d2. Flowers bilabiate (outer lip 3-, inner 2-merous, both revolute) or deeply 5-
cleft, often ligulate in the ray. Involucral -bracts oo-seriate, imbricate (rarely
I -2-seriate). Receptacle mostly naked. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes
spinescent, rarely dissected. (Genera 61-79.) XII. MUTISIE^E, p. 771.

A2. Flowers all ligulate, the ligules 5 -toothed. Plants with milky juice. Anthers mostly tailed
and apically appendaged. Involucral-scales i— 2-few-seriate, or calyculate. Leaves
alternate or basal. (Genera 80-84.) XIII. CICHORIE/E, p. 772.

II. KEY TO THE GENERA.

Tribe I. Vernoniece. (Genus I.) Vernonia, p. 773.

Tribe II. Eupatorica. (Genera 2-4), p. 773.
A. Pappus of 2-many pales or awns. Involucral scales 5-6. Anthers appendaged. Achenes

with 3-5 ribs. Heads with 5 (or 3-4) flowers. 2. Stevia, p. 773.

A2. Pappus of many bristles, rough, not flexuose, persisting.

b. Involucral scales 6-many. Pappus bristles free or forming a basal ring. Heads mostly

many-flowered. 3. Eupatorium, p. 774.

b2. Involucral scales 4, sometimes with short, outer scales. Heads 4-flowered. Mostly
winding herbs or shrubs. 4. Willugbaa {Mikania), p. 777.

Tribe III. Astercce. (Genera 5-21), p. 778.
A. Heads usually with ligulate homochromous rays.

b. Pappus of 2-8 deciduous awns or small scales. Ray-flowers female, ligulate, or none.

5. Grindelia, p. 778.

b2. Pappus mostly of scales (short and with a long awn, or long and narrow), or a short
crown, or obsolete. Heads panicled or corymbed or terminating the branches. In-
volucre long-campanulate, its scales membranous, not dry on edges, few seriate.

6. Guticrrezia, p. 779.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSIT/E. 767

£3. Pappus of many simple setae. Hermaphrodite flowers fertile (save sometimes the inner-
most). Receptacle without chaff.

c. Pappus double, the outer of minute bristles or scales. Ray i -seriate. Achenes com-
pressed. Style appendages short and broad. Heads terminal on leafy branches.

7. Hysterionica, p. 781.

C2. Pappus-bristles i -several-seriate, equal or unequal, but with no distinct outer row.
d. Heads heterogamous. No pales on the receptacle.

e. Heads solitary sessile on ends of densely leafy branches and rather small.

Female corollas short ligulate. 8. Lepidophyllum, p. 782.

(2. Heads in a compound infloresence or solitary on ends of the branches.
/. Pappus-setae i-2-seriate, subequal. 10. Solidago, p. 784.

/2. Pappus-setae i-3-seriate, unequal. Involucre several-seriate, hemispherical

or broad-campanulate. Flowers yellow. u. Haplopappus, p. 785.
dz. Heads homogamous. Style-appendages not turbinate. Corollas all actinomor-
phic. Heads sessile on ends of dense, leafy branches.

9. Nardophyllum, p. 783.
d^. Heads with ligulate rays, setose pappus and paleaceous receptacle.

12. Chiliophy llutti, p. 787.
A2. Heads with ligulate, usually heterochromous rays.

b. Pappus short or none. Receptacle without chaff. Involucre broad. Heads many-flowered.
Achenes 4-ribbed, more or less compressed, or only with a thick border; attenuate
above. Cespitose herbs with solitary, pediceled heads. 13. Lagenophora, p. 788.
l>2. Pappus setose, usually copious (or occasionally with some outer scales).

c. Herbs with leafy stems (or with radical leaves and scape-like stems, but then not silky),
not woolly. Achenes not attenuate upwards nor rostrate ; compressed. Pappus-
setae subequal.

d. Style-branches with short triangular to lanceolate appendages. Annuals with race-
mose or panicled heads, or heads solitary and terminating the branches ; or
perennials.

e. Involucre more than 2-seriate. Ligules usually I -seriate, and mostly long.
Pappus-setae 2-3-seriate. Style-appendages lanceolate.

14. Aster, p. 789.

C2. Involucre 2-seriate. Ligules narrow-linear, mostly several-seriate. Style-
appendages mostly short-triangular. 15. Erigeron, p. 790.
d2. Style-branches with linear-sagittate appendages. Ray-flowers several-seriate.
Pappus 2-seriate. Perennials with thick rootstock.

1 6. Vittadinia, p. 797.
c2. Shrubs or half-shrubs. Receptacle with chaff. Achenes 5 -ribbed. Pappus-setae

2— 3 -seriate, unequal. Shrubs. 17. Chiliotrichium, p. 797.

AT,. Heads with filiform or short, ligulate female ray-flowers, in 2-several series; heads rarely

discoid. Pappus setose.

b. Heads heterogamous. Achenes compressed. Pappus 2-several-seriate, long. Involu-
cral scales not leafy nor herbaceous. Ligules none or shorter than the styles.

1 8. Conyza, p. 798.

b2. Heads homogamous, discoid, flowers all hermaphrodite. Shrubs with nondecurrent
leaves. 19. Chrysocoma, p. 799.

768 PATAGONIAN /EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

A^. Heads dioecious or polygamo-dicecious.

b. Receptacle of female flowers with large pales. 20. Hcterothalamus, p. 800.

b2. Receptacle without pales. Dioecious. 2.l.'Sacckaris,p.8cn,

Tribe IV. Inulece. (Genera 22-32), p. 810.
A. Female flowers filiform.
b. Receptacle naked.

c. Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers with filiform, pointed branches, having collecting
hairs. Heads solitary or crowded, but not glomerulate. Achenes small, pappus of many
slender setae. Shrubs or half-shrubs, with leafy stems and broad, involucrate bracts.
d. Involucrate bracts membranous or leathery. Hermaphrodite flowers numerous.

22. Pluchea, p. 810.
d2. Involucrate bracts dry, coriaceous, mostly recurved. Hermaphrodite flowers

rather few (i-io). 23. Tessaria, p. 810.

£2. Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers mostly truncate, and only with a terminal ring of
hairs ; stigmas as marginal lines. Style in sterile flowers obtuse, clavate or capitate.
Heads heterogamous or abortively dioecious.

d. Achenes rostrate. All the flowers with a pappus. 26. Chevreulia, p. 81 1.
d2. Achenes not rostrate.

e. Hermaphrodite flowers all unfruitful, with undivided or lobed style. Dioecious
herbs, with alternate leaves, and many-flowered heads having numerous in-
volucral scales. 27. Antennaria, p. 812.

e2. Hermaphrodite flowers equally or mostly fertile.

f. Pappus-setae plumose, on a basal ring. Style branches not truncate. An-
nual herbs, branching below. 28. Facelis, p. 813.
/2. Pappus setae not plumose.

g. Heads small, few-flowered (3-6 female, and 1-2 hermaphrodite).

29. Achyrocline, p. 813.
g2. Heads many-flowered, rather small, cylindrical.

30. Lucilia, p. 814.

g$. Heads many-flowered, hemispherical, or ovoid or campanulate. Fe-
male flowers 2— several-seriate. Head only exceptionally solitary,
mostly glomerulate. 31. Gnaphalmin,p. 814.

bz. Receptacle paleaceous before all or at least the female flowers. Mostly woolly herbs,

with entire or toothed leaves, and small, not ribbed, achenes.
c. Chaff enclosing the female flowers, with corolla terminal on the achenes. Pappus none,

at least in the female flowers. 24. Psilocarphus, p. 8 1 1 .

C2. Female flowers only i-2-seriate, enclosed in chaff. Pappus a toothed or jagged

crown. 25. Micropsis, p. 811.

A2. Female flowers ligulate. Style-branches obtuse. Receptacle without chaff. Disk-flowers
sterile. Pappus none or a small ring. Stigmas marginal, apically coalescing.

32. Adenocaulon, p. 819.

Tribe V. Helianthoidece. (Genera 33-41), p. 820.
A. Receptacle chaffy throughout.

b. Corolla of female flowers none or very small. Heads monoecious.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 769

c. Involucral scales of hermaphrodite (male) heads connate, forming I series of spines or

tubercles. 34. Ambrosia, p. 820.

c2. Involucral scales of hermaphrodite (male) heads free. 35. Xanthitim, p. 821.
l>2. Corolla of female flowers none or normal. Heads hermaphrodite, homogamous or het-

erogamous. Rays none, or withering, or deciduous before ripening of the fruit.
c. Disk-flowers sterile. Achenes dorsally compressed, surrounded by an inner involucral
scale, and by 2(~3) neighboring pales, which enclose the hermaphrodite flowers.
Corolla very short. Head erect. Fruits naked or nearly so, their ribs united with
the pales. 33. Parthenium, p. 820.

c2. Disk-flowers fertile. Pappus of retrorsely rough bristles.

d. Achenes not, or laterally, compressed. Inner involucral scales plane.

e. Pales very small. Pappus none or 2 short awns. Marginal flowers small,
more or less 2-seriate. Ligules entire or 2-toothed.

36. Eclipta, p. 822.
ez. Pales broad, arched or complicate, more or less enclosing the hermaphrodite

flowers, but not the ripe achenes.

/. Fruit of hermaphrodite flowers, thick, 4~5-angled, or somewhat dorsally
compressed (of the marginal female flowers, often 3 -angled or dorsally
compressed). Involucral scales exceeding 4, free, mostly subsimilar.
Pappus-scales basally united or free, with or without 1-5 small awns.
Achenes obscurely or obtusely 4-angled. Herbs or shrubs with opposite
leaves. 37. Wedelia, p. 822.

/2. Fruit of disk-flowers flat-compressed, with acute or winged angles, un-
stalked. Heads many- (20 -f) flowered. Pappus of 2 awns, with no
intermediate scales.

g. Ripe achenes not winged. Ray-flowers female or none. Receptacle
conical. Herbs with opposite leaves and solitary erect heads.

38. Spilanthes, p. 823.

g2. Ripe achenes winged from the base, not diverging from each other.
Mostly herbs, with leaves often decurrent.

39. Verbesina, p. 823.

d2. Achenes more or less laterally compressed. Inner involucral scales connate, at
least half way. Heads stalked or rarely numerous and sessile. Style-append-
ages of the hermaphrodite flowers none or short. Achenes similar, or the
marginal reduced. Smooth undershrubs ; lower leaves opposite.

40. Thelesperma, p. 824.
A2. Receptacle centrally without chaff, with i-seriate pales subtending the outer hermaphrodite

flowers. Achenes of female flowers laterally compressed (rarely no ray flowers). Herbs
mostly with alternate, entire leaves. 41. Madia, p. 824.

Tribe VI. Hdenioidece. (Genera 42-47), p. 825.

A. Plant without oil-glands. Hermaphrodite flowers fertile. Achenes not flat-compressed, or

at least with lateral nerves.

b. Receptacle flat or convex, rarely hemispherical.
c. Pappus none.

77° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

*

d. Head 1-15 -flowered. Achenes long-linear, 8-io-ribbed.

42. Flavcria, p. 825.

d2. Head many -flowered. Achenes linear and few-ribbed, prismatic or obpyramidal,
triangular, the marginal sometimes winged. Rays ligulate. Involucral scales
free. 43. Villanova, p. 825.

c 2. Pappus of free scales, obtuse or acute or pointed. Involucral scales herbaceous, erect,
not enclosing the marginal achenes. Female corollas ligulate or none. Style-
branches of hermaphrodite flowers rounded or truncate. Achenes obpyramidal.

44. Actinella, p. 826.
b2. Receptacle convex, with stiff setae between the flowers. Pappus of 5-10 hyaline scales,

terminating in awns. 45. Gaillardia, p. 826.

A2. Plants with large oil-glands in the leaves and involucres. Herbs.

b. Pappus of 3-6 very unequal scales. Heads often discoid. 46. Tagetes, p. 827.
b2. Pappus of 10 to many scales, often similar, or partly similar. Heads distinct ; female
flowers none or ligulate. 47. Dysodia, p. 828.

Tribe VII. Antliemidece. (Genera 48-52), p. 828.

A. Receptacle chaffy. Disk flowers fertile ; achenes not woolly ; corolla not persisting. Style-
branches truncate, not appendaged. Herbs, with leaves alternate, often much parted.
b. Achenes not or only slightly compressed. Head heterogamous, or homogamous, and
then with pappus none or i -sided, like an auricle. Corolla-tube compressed, winged,
tubercled or spurred. Heads on terminal peduncles. 48. Anthemis, p. 828.

b2. Achenes much compressed, not winged. Pappus none. Heads mostly rather small and

corymbed. 49. Acliillea, p. 829.

A2. Receptacle without chaff. Heads heterogamous, disciform. Corolla of female flowers
tubular or none. Style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers penicillate, even when un-
fruitful.

b. Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Involucre simple, its scales I— 2-, rarely 3-seriate, sub-
equal.

c. Head pediceled at end of the branches. 50. Cotula, p. 829.

c2. Heads solitary, sessile, or in dense corymbs. Female flowers in i series.

51. Abrotanella, p. 831.

b2. Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Female flowers in i series. Involucral bracts few-
seriate, scarious margined, the outer gradually smaller. Heads small, usually crowded
but not corymbed. 52. Artemisia, p. 832.

Tribe VIII. Senecionecz. (Genera 53-55), p. 832.

1. Heads with female ray-flowers, whose corollas are tubular, or filiform, or irregularly 4-5-

lobed. Leaves small, entire, closely compressed. Branches all leafy ; heads sessile in the
upper leaves as an extra involucre. Proper involucre i-2-seriate, with black-tipped scales.
Achenes glabrous. Low, cespitose herb. 53. Mclalcma, p. 832.

2. Heads homogamous. Involucre 3-several-seriate. Pappus hairy. Achenes glabrous. Un-

branched or slightly branched herbs, with radical and alternately cauline leaves.

54. Culcitium, p. 833.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITOR. 771

3. Heads homogamous, or with ligulate (or rarly bilabiate), female ray-flowers. Pappus hairy
(rarely of short scales). Involucre 1-2-, rarely 3-seriate, its scale not overlapping and not
appendaged; the outer often as a calyculus. Receptacle flat. Achenes prismatic or
cylindrical or ribbed. The hermaphrodite or all the flowers usually yellow.

55. Senecio, p. 833.

Tribe IX. Cdendulece. (Genus 56), p. 86 1.

Small, prostrate herb. Heads small, axillary. Corolla and achenes woolly.

56. Eriacluznium, p. 86 1.

Tribe X. Cynaroidece. (Genera 57-60), p. 861.

A. Fruit with basal attachment-scar, smooth, apically bordered. Receptacle setiferous. Fila-
ments free, warty, hairy or plumose. Pappus of rough or plumose bristles.
b. Receptacle not fleshy. Pappus bristles not plumose. Leaves and involucral scales usually

spiniferous.

c. Filaments distinct. 57. Carduus, p. 86 1.

c2. Filaments united halfway. 58. Silybum, p. 861.

62. Receptacle fleshy. Pappus bristles plumose, inserted on an annulus. Heads large, soli-
tary on ends of branches. Foliage often spinose-tipped. 59. Cynara, p. 862.
A2. Fruit with lateral, oblique scar. Involucre of spinose leaves. Pappus simple, consisting of
setae or scales or none. 60. Carthamus, p. 862.

Tribe XI. Mutisiece. (Genera 61-79), P- 863.
A. Corollas of the hermaphrodite flowers cyclic. Styles without distinct collecting hairs. Heads

on the ends of the branches.

b. Heads rayless. Receptacle naked or with short hairs.
c. Pappus plumose.

d. Corolla-tube hairy inside. Shrubs. 61. Chuquiraga, p. 863.

d2. Corolla-tube smooth inside. Herbs. Heads rather large, sessile amid the leaves.

62. Doniophyton, p. 865.
c2. Pappus of simple rough setae. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Leaves entire or nearly

so. Achenes papillate or hairy, rather small.

d. Style 2-toothed, afterwards more deeply parted, with long-approximate branches.
Trees or shrubs, leaves not spinose, and heads usually several, sessile. Involu-
cral scales pointed or pungent. 64. Gochnatia, p. 866.
d2. Style 2-forked. Shrubs with solitary, sessile heads or shortly pedicled. Leaves

small, entire. Involucral scales very obtuse. 66. Cyclolepis, p. 867.

^•3. Pappus of 10 pales. Style-branches short. Heads sessile, solitary.

63. Dusenia, p. 866.

b2. Heads with bilabiate or ligulate rays, homogamous. Corollas of disk-flowers with revo-
lute lobes. Involucral scales without dry margin. Anther-tails (often long and thick)
ciliated. Pappus setae several-seriate. Shrubs with crowded, entire leaves.

67. Plazia, p. 868.
A2. Corollas of the hermaphrodite flowers bilabiate.

b. Collecting hairs of their styles none or not in a terminal circle. Anthers tailed. Upper-
lip of corolla i-2-merous ; under-lip 4-3 -merous. (

772 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

c. Stem leafy ; with many flower-heads. Shrubs.

d. Heads few-flowered (3-5), homogamous, terminal or along branches. Pappus-
setae several-seriate. Sometimes spinescent. 68. Proustia, p. 868.
d2. Heads mid-sized, 2o-3O-flowered, terminal, sessile. Involucre campanulate.
Pappus-setae I -seriate. Achenes ribbed, tubercled. Cespitose, with linear
leaves. 65. Lavidia, p. 867.
d. Heads many-flowered, heterogamous. Marginal flowers radiate.

e. Pappus-setae plumose, I -seriate. Involucre ovoid-campanulate or oblong, its

inner scales shorter than the rays. 69. Mutisia, p. 869.

e2. Pappus-setae rough, not plumose, several-seriate. Involucre campanulate.

Heads terminal on the branches, pediceled. 70. Brachyclados, p. 872.
c2. Stem unbranched, bearing i flower-head. Herbs mostly with basal leaves.

d. Heads radiate, heterogamous, rarely homogamous. Pappus-setae not plumose.
e. Marginal flowers i -seriate, with many-nerved corolla.

71. Trichocline, p. 873.
e2. Marginal flowers 2-3-seriate, ligulate, with no under lip.

72. Chaptalia, p. 874.
d2. Heads with flowers all similar, homogamous. Pappus-setae long-plumose.

73. Macrachceninm, p. 874.
b2. Collecting hairs of the styles of the hermaphrodite flowers forming a terminal circle.

(NASSAUVIN^E).

c. Heads 4-5-flowered, sessile, united into a globular or ovoid glomerulus or a leafy
spike ; rarely solitary and sessile between the leaves. Leaves close, mostly up to
the inflorescence, sometimes less. Flowers yellow or whitish.
d. Pappus present. 74. Nassauvia, p. 875.

d2. As Nassauvia, herbs, heads mostly in terminal glomerules, inner involucral scales

erect. 75. Triptilion, p. 885.

a?3. No pappus. 76. Strongylomopsis, p. 886.

c2. Heads many-flowered ; rarely only S-g-flowered, and then pediceled, corymbed or

panicled. Receptacle without chaff, or with a few pales before the marginal flowers.

d. Pappus long-plumose, or shortly ciliate and i -seriate. Herbs, more or less woolly,

with long-stalked, panicled or distinct heads. 78. Lasiorrhlza (Leucerid), p. 887.

d2. Pappus of simple setae, several -seriate. Involucre 2-many-seriate. Mostly

herbs ; flowers not yellow. 79. Perezia, p. 892.

d$. Pappus of denticulate setae, I -seriate. Involucre I -seriate, with a few smaller
outer scales. Small shrub, with toothed or lobed, spinulose leaves.

77. Ameghinoa, p. 886.

Tribe XII. Cichoriece. (Genera 80-84), P- 896.

A. Pappus-setae plumose, sometimes broadened at base ; in the margin sometimes only a crown

of short scales. Receptacle chaffy. Usually stemless herbs. (LEONTODONTIN^E.)
b. Involucral-scales scarcely with a dry border. Achenes usually rostrate. Pappus all, or
of the inner fruits, of 10-20 plumose setae, with or without shorter simple setae.

80. Hypochceris, p. 896.
A2. Pappus-setae rough or capillary. Receptacle without chaff. Fruits all similar. (

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 773

b. Inner or all the achenes rostrate ; mostly herbs, with i -several series of processes or scales
at base of the rostrum. Heads many-flowered ; fruits conically broadening at the base.
Rostrum long, supporting the hairy, disciform pappus. Involucral-bracts I -seriate, with
a distinct calyculus. 8 1. Taraxacum, p. 900.

b2. Achenes not rostrate, or without processes at base of the rostrum.

c. Fruits compressed, io-2O-ribbed, truncate or at least not rostrate. Pappus-setae many

seriate, of unequal hairs. Herbs or half-shrubs. 82. Sonchus, p. 901.

c-2.. Fruits cylindrical or prismatic; not compressed; narrowing basewards. Pappus-
setae persisting.

d. Fruits apically narrowing or even rostrate. Involucral scales 2-several-seriate, or
with a calyculus. Stem scapiform, i -headed.

83. Agoseris (Troximon, Macrorhynchus), p. 902.

d2. Fruits apically broad, truncate, with distinct ribs. Flowers mostly yellow (or
reddish, rarely white). Hairs of 2 kinds, glanduliferous and stellate.

84. Hieracium, p. 903.

i. VERNONIA Schreb. Ironweed.

Heads having all the flowers tubular and alike, no ray. Involucre
shorter than the flowers, of many imbricated series. Receptacle naked.
Achenes cylindrical and ribbed. Pappus double, outer of minute scales,
inner of capillary bristles. Perennial herbs, with alternate leaves and
purple, corymbose flowers.

Species 450, headquarters in Amer., United States to Argentina; also
Africa, Madagascar and Asia.

V. NITIDULA Less. (Baccharis montevidensis Griseb.)

Stem fruticose, terete, much branching, glabrous. Branches angulate.
Leaves sessile, coriaceous, oblong, i-rarely-penni-nerved, revolute, entire
or denticulate on margins, both surfaces glabrous and glandular. Cymes
subpanicled on ends of the branches. Heads pediceled, 7-8-flowered.
Involucre turbinate, its scales oblong, subacute, appressed. Achenes
hairy.

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, near Carmen.

2. STEVIA Cav.

Herbs or undershrubs, with all, or usually at least the lower, leaves
opposite, and with narrow, white or purplish heads, which are homoga-
mously 5-flowered. Invohicre cylindrical, of 5-6 narrow, subequal bracts.
Anthers apically appendaged, basally obtuse. Style-branches long, slen-

774 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

der, obtuse. Achenes linear-compressed, 4~5-angled. Pappus of 5-10
pales or awns, often differing in the same head, or very small.

.(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 134, L-O.)

Species nearly 100, in trop. Amer. ; numerous in Central Amer. ; also
in Argentina.

i. STEVIA MULTIARISTATA Spreng.

Glandular-pubescent herb. Leaves alternate, linear-canaliculate, sub-
entire, hoary underneath. Peduncles subracemose, i -headed. Pappus
of many awns, exceeding the corolla.

(Montevideo) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. S. SATURELCFOLIA Sch. Bip. (DC. sub Nothites.']
Erect undershrub, pubescent. Leaves nearly opposite, sessile, linear,
entire, obsoletely woolly, 25 mm. by 3 mm. Corymbs terminal.
(Montevideo) ; Brazil to Isla Verde south of Bahia Blanca.

S. SATURELCFOLIA PATAGONICA Hieron.

Leaves less densely puberulous. Dichasium corymbose, densely
crowded at the ends of the branches. Involucre longer (8-9 mm.).
Pappus setae purplish above.

(Argentina); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, "extending through North
Patagonia." (J. Ball.)

S. SATURELCFOLIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Baker.

Leaves 25 mm. long, by 2-3 mm. wide.

N. Patagon. (?).

3. EUPATORfUM Linn.

Herbs or shrubs, mostly with opposite, entire or toothed leaves, and
purplish to white, mostly midsized, homogamous heads of i-ioo (mostly
numerous) flowers. Involucral bracts many-seriate, slightly unequal, al-
ways more than 5. Receptacle naked. Corollas narrow, their limb not
greatly enlarged. Anthers apically appendaged, basally obtuse. Style-
branches long, obtuse. Pappus i -seriate, of many, slender or stiffish,
smooth to barbellate bristles. Achenes truncate, 5-angled.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 139, A.)

Species 400, American, especially tropical. Few in Eurasia and trop.
Africa.

; .---

- r^

776 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

3. EUPATORIUM MACROCEPHALUM Less. (Chrotiwlcsna pratensis Card.)

Erect herb, with subovate, acuminate, 3-nerved, rough leaves, remotely
serrate, crenate upwards, and rather large head ( 1 2 mm. deep and broad)
with 3-seriate involucre, its scales subequal, acuminate, outside rough.
Corolla-tube and limb not sharply limited. Pappits plumose-serrate.
Achenes shining.

(Brazil; Argent.) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro. "Differs from Eupa-
toriiim by having the achene attenuate baseward to a stipe, and the stipe
dilated at its base to a ring; also by its cynaroid habit. (Griseb.)

4. EU. PATAGONICUM Klatt.

Stem terete. Branches, petioles and peduncles pubescent-tomentose.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved," remotely toothed,
with soft, rusty pubescence on both surfaces. Panicles few-headed ;
their branches remote, opposite, about 2— 3-headed, the heads 6 by 4 mm.,
pediceled, bracteate, oblong, p-flowered. Involucral scales imbricate,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, 5-ribbed. Achenes striate, hirsute.

Patagon., at d'Orbigny.

5. Eu. PATENS Hook. & Arn., 1835. (Mikania tenuiflora Gris., 1879.)

Suffruticose, much branching. Peduncles and younger branches pubes-
cent. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, rather 3-nerved, incise-pinnatifid.
Heads glomerate on short, opposite, spreading, leafy branches. Involucre
oblong, its scales few-seriate, obtuse, substriate.

(Brazil.)

EU. PATENS GRACILIUS (Lor.).

Slender shrub, nearly 2 m. high, supported by other shrubs. Leaves
smaller than in the type, not membranaceous, rough. Heads axillary, soli-
tary on the petioles, or rarely crowded towards the apex, short, pale yel-
low, 6-7-flowered, or ochroleucous, very fragrant.

N. Patagon, by Rio Negro.

6. Eu. PINNATIFIDUM Ell. (E. virgatum Don.)

Leaves mainly opposite or in 4's ; the lower twice or thrice pinnati-
partite, with oblong or lanceolate segments ; the upper once or twice
pinnate, with linear lobes. Heads small, paniculate, 5~9-flowered. In-

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITVE. 777

vohicre cylindrical, its scales obtuse, mucronate, imbricate, lax, shorter
outwards.

(Eastern U. S.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

*

7. EUPATORIUM SAUCECHICOENSE Hier.

Fruticulose, ascending, 35-50 cm. high, and branching, sulcate-striate
and leafy to the panicle. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sessile; the
upper linear-entire, spinulose, 20 mm. by 7 mm., the lower once or nearly
twice pinnatifid, outline triangular to semicircular, segments 1-3 pairs,
linear. Racemes subsecund, panicled. Heads on 2—3 mm. pedicels, nod-
ding, 5-6-flowered. Involucre campanulate, 5 mm. long, with 12 scales
in 3-4 series ; inner scales acute, rufous upwards ; smaller outwards ; all
scarious, gland-ciliate. Pappus-setce 50. Achenes rough, 5-angled.

(From Bahia Blanca northwards) ; N. Patagon., rare, high up by the
Rio Negro. Fragrant ; flowers pale lilac to pink.

8. Eu. SUBHASTATUM Hook. & Arn., 1835. (E- bartsieefolium DC., 1836.)

Pubescent-scabrous. Leaves alternate and opposite, mostly erect, sub-
hastate-lanceolate, and ovate, shortly acuminate, coarsely serrate, sessile
below, very rugose and tomentose. Corymbs dense, in a many-flowered
glomerule. Involucre short-cylindrical; its scales ovate, obtuse, striate,
with erect, pubescent apex.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon. (near Rio Negro).

4. WILLUGB^A Neck. (1790). (Mikania W., 1804.)

Twining herbs (rarely in the tropics, erect shrubs), with opposite, pet-
ioled leaves and discoid, whitish, 4-flowered heads. Involucre oblong, of
4 subequal, narrow scales. Corolla slender, regular. Anthers apically
appendaged, basiobtuse. Style-branches long, acutish. Pappus copious,
i-2-seriate, capillary, rather rough. Achenes truncate, 5-angled.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 139, B.)

Species 150, Amer.

i. W. SCANDENS (L.) Ktze. Climbing Hempweed.
Subglabrous, twining over bushes, 2 meters long. Leaves ovate to
hastate, basicordate, acuminate. Heads in compound clusters, ending the
branches, white to pink, 6 mm. long.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

(N. Amer. and W. I.) ; N. Patagon., along Rio Negro (" a form with del-
toid and obtusely toothed leaves, pubescent above, scabrid below." Speg.).

5. GRINDELIA Willd.

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, with alternate, sessile or amplexicaul
leaves, usually spinulose-dentate and glutinous above ; and large, heter-
ogamous, radiate heads of yellow flowers terminating the branches. An-
thers basi-obtuse. Style-branches flat, appendaged. Pappus of 2-8 awns
or bristles, deciduous. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite or male ; ray-flowers
female, sometimes obsolete, the heads being then discoid and homogamous.

Species 25; some in W. N. Amer., as "gum-plants"; many in South
Brazil, Chili, etc.

I. G. BRACHYSTEPHANA Griseb.

Suffruticose, multicauline, all puberulous, the branches i -headed. Leaves
sessile, lanceolate-acuminate, remotely spinulose serrate (or entire), basi-
attenuate, spinescent-tipped. Involucre hemispherical, its scales appressed,
scarious, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with a linear-acuminate, squarrose, leafy
appendage. Ray half as long again as the involucre. Pappus of 2-3
setae.

N. Patagon.; Chubut; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.

2. G. BRACHYSTEPHANA BERGI Hier.

Climbing. Lower leaves narrowed to a petiole as long as the lamina.
Pinnae pinnatifid, spinulose-serrate ; upper semiamplexicaul, linear-lanceo-
late or subcuneate, spinulose-serrate ; uppermost entire. Varying greatly.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. G. DIFFUSA D. Don (non Hook & Arn.).

Stem with woody base, diffuse, the branches terete, glabrous. Leaves
sessile, subamplexicaul, oblong, deeply serrate, with awned points, gla-
brous. Heads solitary, terminal on the branches, briefly exsert above the
upper leaves. Involucre-scales lance-linear, appressed. Papptis-setce few,
caducous.

N. Patagon. ; S. Patagon., at Puerto Deseado.

MACLOSKIE COMPOSITE. 779

4. GRINDELIA DISCOIDEA Hook. & Arn.

Glutinous undershrub; with oblong-linear, mucronate, spinulose, den-
tate leaves. Involucre hemispherical, squarrose, its external scales linear
from an appressed base, recurved. Ray none.

(Montevideo), Patagon. (?). " Perhaps a van of G. diffusa (in Puerto
Deseado) which has a ray twice the involucre in height."

5. G. PULCHELLA Dunal.

Erect, glabrous undershrub, glutinous upwards, with terete branches,
and leaves cauline, sessile, oblong, acute, here and there sharply toothed.
Heads 2-3, proximally bracted. Involucre glutinous, its scales lanceolate,
acute, appressed. Pappus 3-awned.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon.

6. G. SPECIOSA Lindl. & Paxt.

Short shrub, 1-1.5 meter high, densely branching, sometimes viscid.
Leaves varying in size, incised or toothed, obtuse or acute, attenuate-
petiolate or cuneate, subsessile. Flowering pedicels long and leafy or
otherwise.

Patagon., by Rio Negro, and Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz.

G. SPECIOSA INTEGRIFOLIA Speg.

Leaves oblanceolate, acute, attenuate-petiolate, entire.
Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge.

6. GUTIERREZIA Lag. (Brachyris DC.)

Erect herbs or shrubs, branching upwards, or short and cespitose, with
radiate, heterogamous, rather small, yellow heads, solitary on ends of
branches, or panicled, or corymbed. Ray-flowers few, female; disk-
flowers hermaphrodite, fertile or sterile. Invohicre narrow-campanulate,
its scales few-seriate, imbricate, coriaceous, smaller outwards. Anthers
basi-obtuse. Styles flat, narrow, appendaged. Pappus, of many pales,
varying, often cleft, or a mere crown. Achenes scarcely compressed,
many-costate, puberulous or silky.

Species 20, from Western U. S. to Mexico, and extratrop. S. Amer.

780 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

I. GUTIERREZIA AMEGHINOI Speg.

Suffruticose, low (5-10 cm.), the branches short, ascending, densely
leafy. Leaves linear-obtuse, oblanceolate, briefly cuneate-acute at apex,
basally attenuate, glabrous, densely glandular-punctate. Heads solitary,
terminal on leafless branches, corymbed. Ligules 4-8 ; tubular flowers 6-8.

S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado; Magellan; Chubut, Cabo Raso. These
have caudex woody, branches always herbaceous. (Speg.)

2. G. BACCHAROIDES Sch. Bip.

Low, cespitose, glabrous, viscous shrub. Leaves crowded at the apex
of the stems, obovate-oblong, entire or ciliate, attenuate-petiolate. Heads
solitary, sessile amid the uppermost leaves. Invohicre scales ovate-
oblong. Ray-flowers 5; disk-flowers 19. Pappus-pales 10. Achenes
hoary, hirtellate.

S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado; Magellan, by Oazy Harbor; Fuegia,
at Punta Anegada.

3. G. BRACHYRIS (Brachyris panictilata DC., non Gutierezia

paniculata Gray).

Stem suffruticose, paniculately branching, rather terete. Leaves linear,
acute, punctate, plane, thickish. Heads oblong, paniculate. Ray-flowers
5, slightly exceeding the involucre ; disk-flowers 5-6.

S. Brazil.

G. BRACHYRIS PATAGONICA (Speg.).

Somewhat glandular-viscous. Leaves oblanceolate, subpectinately cilio-
late, long-attenuate and forming a periclad ; upper leaves narrower and
smaller. Flowers yellow, 15-22 in the head.

Patagon., Chubut, in sterile hills.

(Subgenus Brachyris, by Nuttall as a genus. Hermaphrodite flowers
all usually fertile ; pappus of females and hermaphrodites similar, or of
the female shorter.)

4. G. CUPRESSIFORMIS Sch. Bip.

Like Baccharis, but most beautiful, from its small, imbricating, spirally
arranged, 4-ranked leaves. Heads 8-flowered ; outer flowers ligulate,
female, having asteroid styles with glabrous branches. Inner flowers

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 78 1

hermaphrodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers tailless. Achenes oblong,
glandulous. Pales, of many-seriate pappus, lance-linear, serrulate.
Magellan, at Oazy Harbor, in mountainous parts.

5- GUTIERREZIA GILLIESII Gris.

Leaves linear, thick, membranous, green, glabrous, or minutely punctu-
late and viscous. Lower leaves larger, 3-nerved ; upper leaves fascicled
on the branches, linear-subulate, i -nerved. Flowers milky, 10 in ray, 12
in disk. Pappus-pales 12-14. Achenes 8-sulcate, villous.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

6. G. HOFFMANNII O. KtZC.

Low, cespitose, pigmy shrub, branching much, branches crowded, 4-8
cm. high, densely leafy. Leaves sessile, attenuate, deciduous, their imbri-
cating bases persisting. Upper leaves i cm. by 3-4 mm., glabrous, punc-
tate-viscous, rosulate at the apex of branches. Peduncle terminal, i-
headed, with 1-3 small bracts. /fem/turbinate, without ligules. Involucre-
scales 15, in 3 series. Female flowers of ray 12, with oblong limbs;
interior flowers 20, hermaphrodite and tubular. Achenes turbinate, pilose.
Pappiis-pales scarious, 15, fimbriate.

Patagon.

7. G. LINEARIFOLIA Lagasca 1816 (non Gray).

Suffruticose, glabrous, resinous. Leaves 25 mm. long, or more ;
scarcely 2 mm. broad, entire ; shorter upwards. (Mexico ; Chili) ; N.
Patagon.

8. G. SPATULATA Phil.

(Brackyris.}

Subcespitose undershrub; branches scaly at base. Leaves resinous,
punctate, marginally spinulose-ciliate, the lower spatulate. Corymbs
many-flowered. Heads mostly basi-bracteate. Ligules about 10; disk-
flowers the same number. Branches 20-25 cm- l°ng; lower leaves 15
mm. long, 5 mm. broad. Pedicels i o mm. Pales of achene 8.

(Mexico ; Chili) ; N. Patagon.

7. HYSTERIONICA Willd.

Herbs or undershrubs, mostly hispid or ciliate. Leaves basal, mostly
narrow and entire. Heads rather large, radiate and heterogamous, yel-

782 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

low, solitary on scapiform stems or branches. Invofacre hemispherical,
its scales few-seriate, scarious-margined. Anthers basiobtuse. Style
branches narrow, with flat appendages. Pappus double, inner of long
slender setae, not copious ; outer short subpaleaceous.
Species 5-6, allied to Chrysopsis; S. Brazil ; Argentina.

HYSTERIONICA JASIONOIDES Willd.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, obsoletely decurrent, entire, veinless,
setose on midrib and margin.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 147, K.)

Argentina; N. Patagon., common in fields along Rio Negro.

8. LEPIDOPHYLLUM Ca.ss.

Branching or cespitose shrubs, cypress-like, with opposite or alternate,
very small or narrow, entire leaves, and small heads solitary on the ends
of the branches, or panicled. Heads heterogamous, with very short rays.
Involucre narrow, the scales few-seriate, subscarious. Style-branches of
the disk-flowers flat, with narrow appendages. Pappus setose or sub-
paleaceous, copious, unequal. Achenes of the ray compressed.

Species 7, in Andine and extra-tropical S. Amer.

1. L. CUPRESSIFORME (Pers.) Cass. "Mate-verde." (Plate XXVII, A.)

Leaves scale-like, imbricated in fours, opposite. Pappus subpaleaceous.
Ray-flowers showy. Habit of Thuja (Lignum-vitae).

One of the chief characteristic plants of S. Patagon., found by the
mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz; "a strand-plant, found only eastwards."
(Dusen.)

Magellan, E. Fuegia ; not in S. Fuegia. " In the Cordilleras ; and
abounding in the plains, where it is used for fuel." (Hatcher.)

2. L. MEYENI A. Gray. (L. quadrangulare Benth. & Hook., by Meyen

sub Baccharis.*}

Leaves small, imbricate in four rows, but alternate. Heads with pis-
tillate ray-flowers incipiently ligulate. Pappus of scabrid setae.
Chili. (Patagon.?)

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 783

x

9. NARDOPHYLLUM Hook. & Arn. (Dolichogyne DC.)

Branching shrubs, tomentose or smooth, with small or narrow, entire,
alternate leaves, and yellow, discoid heads, either solitary at the ends of
the branches or sessile in a leafy corymb. Invohicre oblong, with few-
seriate, dry scales. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches short, flat, with
long, obtuse appendages. Pappiis-setce copious, unequal, the outer shorter.
Achenes silky.

Species 10, in Andes of Bolivia and southwards.

"The genus Nardophyllum of America is only geographically separate
from Pteronia of Africa ; and both are Aster-species with mostly sessile,
solitary heads, having no ray-flowers." (O. Kuntze.)

i. N. DARWINI A. Gray.

Stem and branches suberect, angulate, appressed-tomentose. Leaves
imbricate, coriaceous, linear, recurved. Heads pedunculate. Involucre
long-campanulate, its scales narrow-linear, acuminate, vernicose.

S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado.

2. N. HUMILE A. Gray. (Plate XXVII, B.)

Stem prostrate, branching, the branches short, leafy ; the leaves tomen-
tose underneath, small, imbricate, linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved, cori-
aceous with revolute margins. Head solitary. Invohicral scales obtuse.

Varies by having the leaves longer or shorter, glabrate or hoary, and
heads sessile or not.

Patagon., near Lago Nahuel-huapi ; by Rio Sta. Cruz (Hatcher); by
Rio Gallegos (O. Nordenskjold) ; at Cape Gregory, Magellan ; Fuegia.
(Verified in Gray Herb.)

3. N. KINGII A. Gray.

Shrub with stem and branches suberect, angulate, appressed, tomentose,
lax-leafy. Leaves coriaceous, linear, obtuse, recurved. Heads rather
large, sessile or on short peduncles. Involucre broad-campanulate, its
scales oblong-lanceolate, acute. Achenes silky.

Patagon. and Port St. Helena. (In the Gray Herbarium, a shrub with
radiating branches having terminal heads.)

784 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

4. NARDOPHYLLUM NARDOPHYLLUM (O. Ktze., sub Aster].

Low, erect shrub, with branches leafy and terminally i -headed. Leaves
subulate, recurved, tomentose, becoming smooth with age. Head sessile,
lo-flowered. Involucral scales 16-20, in several series, outer ones scari-
ous, short ovate, inner ones linear and longer. Style-branches exsert.
Achenes obconical, angular, pilose, with numerous bristles in 2 series,
exceeding the flowers, barbellate above and shorter outwards.

S. Patagon., Killik Aike, by Barnum Brown.

5. N. OBTUSIFOLIUM Hook. & Arn.

Small shrubs, 7-10 cm. high, branched upwards. Leaves 3 mm. long,
terete, obtuse, spreading-recurved, slightly decurrent, dorsally sulcate.
Patagon.

6. N. ST^EHELINOIDES (DC).

Shrub, with glabrous branches and leaves; the leaves 10-12 mm. long,
subobtuse, rather remote. Pappus cinnamon colored.
(Bonaria) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz.

10. SOLIDAGO Linn. Golden-rod.

Perennial, erect herbs, or with woody base, not much branched, with
alternate, toothed or entire leaves, and small, radiate, heterogamous heads
(or sometimes radiate and homogamous) of yellow or pallid flowers in
leafy panicles or corymbs. Involucre narrow, its scales several-seriate,
imbricated, smaller outwards. Receptacle small. Anthers basi-obtuse.
Style-branches flat, with lanceolate appendages. Pappus i-2-seriate, of
rough, subequal bristles. Achenes usually ribbed.

Species 50, nearly all in N. Amer. Some in W. Indies, Mex., to Chili
and Argent, Siberia, the Mediterr. region. S. virgaurea L. is spread
over the N. Temperate zone of both hemispheres.

I. S. COQUIMBENSE Phil.

Glabrous. Leaves linear, acute, entire, sessile. Branches of the con-
tracted panicle erect, few-flowered. Involucral scales bright green.
(Andes of N. Chili) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. S. MICROGLOSSA DC. (S. linearifolia DC.)

Stem woody at base, terete, subhirsute. Leaves sessile, long-lanceolate,
acuminate or linear, puberulous, 3-nerved, the lower appressed and

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 785

remotely serrulate, the upper entire. Racemes secund in an oblong
panicle ; pedicels bracteolate. Involucral scales linear, glabrous. Flowers
20-25 ! ligules 7-15, equal to the disk. Achenes slender, glabrous, or hairy.

Variable from dwarf to giant.

(Brazil, Argent; about Bahia Blanca; "Felel," used by the Indians
for giving a yellow dye to wool) ; common over all N. and Central
Patagon. Var. brachypoda has leaves, branchlets and involucral scales
densely pubescent, and compact panicle.

3- SOLIDAGO PATAGONICA Phil.

Glabrous. Panicle pyramidate, leafy, the floral leaves large, sessile,
lance-linear, entire. Branches of the panicle erect, curving at top, 10-
headed ; pedicels bracteolate, the lower surpassing the head. Involucral
scales 5 mm. long, broad-linear. Heads with 20 flowers.

W. Patagon.

ii. HAPLOPAPPUS Cass. (Aplopappiis.]

Perennial herbs or undershrubs, with alternate, basally crowded or
sparse leaves, and large to mediocre heads, radiate and heterogamous,
with yellow ligules, and i-3-seriate reddish or whitish, unequal pappus.
Involucre broad, its scales many-seriate, the outer smaller. Receptacle
naked. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches flat, appendaged. Achenes
obtuse, 8-io-nerved.

Species 60, W. United States, and southwards by the Andes.

(Section Leiachcenium includes heterogamous species, mostly with
smooth achenes.)

i. H. AMEGHINOI Speg.

Glabrous, cespitose perennials, with short, crowded branches, rosulate-
leafy at the top. Leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, the limb as long as
the petiole, toothed-pinnatifid, the lobes also toothed. Heads acrogenous,
solitary, sessile, hemispherical. Invohtcral scales 4-5-seriate, as long
as the many flowers which are concealed amidst the pappus bristles.
Achenes narrow, obovate, curved, smooth, not costate.

S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

2. H. ILLINI Speg.

Glabrous, cespitose perennials, with short, rosulate-leafy branches.
Leaves obovate-spatulate, crenate-toothed, the limbs shorter than the

786 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

petioles. Heads acrogenous, solitary, subsessile. Involucral scales
numerous, 4-seriate, lanceolate, as long as the disk. Flowers 40-50, the
ligulate radiate, orange.

Patagon., rocks near Choique-lauen, and near Lago Musters.

3. HAPLOPAPPUS MOYANOI Speg.

(LeiacJuemum.} Glabrous perennial, with virgate, i -headed branchlets.
Leaves downwards remote and pinnatifid, the segments 5-6 pairs,
narrow, acute, entire ; above laxly bracteolate. Heads rather large ;
involucral scales ovate, rather small and acute, crowded. Ligulate
flowers numerous ; tubular disk-flowers very numerous. Achenes ob-
ovate, thick; pappus rigid and very caducous, sordidly pale. Under-
shrub, about 20 cm. high.

Chubut, in rocky places near Lago Fontana.

4. H. MUSTERSI Speg.

Low, glabrous perennial, loosely cespitose, with long, leafy, i -headed
branches. Leaves long-spatulate to linear, their limb half to third as long
as the petiole ; the lower 3-5-dentate-lobed ; the upper entire. Heads
rather long ; the involucral scales 5-6-seriate, equalling the disk ; flowers
1 20, with golden rays.

Patagon., rocks near Choique-lauen, and near Lago Musters.

5- H. PATAGONICUS Phil.

Glabrous undershrub, with branches densely leafy at base, ending in a
long, naked peduncle, i -headed, and with 1-2 setaceous bracts. Leaves
lanceolate, basally attenuate, dentate in the upper part, with 3-4 acute,
mucronate teeth. Margin ciliate, scaberulous. Involucral scales lax-
imbricate, linear-subulate. Pappus yellow. Achenes silky-hirsute.

N. Patagon., by shores of Lago Nahuel-huapi ; S. Patagon.

6. H. PRUNELLOIDES DC.

Stem herbaceous, subsimple, procumbent, hirsute, leafy. Leaves thick,
glabrous, oblong-obovate, attenuate-petiolate, serrate to subpinnatifid.
Head solitary. Involucral scales glabrous, dry, oblong-ovate. Achenes
glabrous.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE.

787

7. HAPLOPAPPUS STRUTHIONUM Speg.

(Euhaplopapptts.'}* Low perennial, densely hispid-setulose. Stems
subterraneous, sending up leafy branches. Leaves obovate, nervose-retio
ulate, acute, spinulose-mucronate, ciliolate marginally. Heads solitary,
rather large, terminal on branches. Involucral scales lanceolate, hispidu-
lous, the inner scarious-glabrous. Ligules long, orange, spreading. Pap-
Pus about i -seriate, whitish, slender, denticulate.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Deseado.

8. H. TEHUELCHES Speg. (H. patagonicus Speg. non Ph.)
(Leiachaenhim.} Laxly-branching perennial, with long, subnude
branches and i -headed branchlets. Lower leaves fasciculate, subspatu-
late, 2-4-toothed on both sides ; upper leaves remote, small, obovate, pin-
natifid, the lobes cut and spinulose. Heads mediocre. Pappus-seta
i -seriate, caducous. Achenes glabrous.
S. Patagon., near Rio Sta- Cruz and Rio Deseado.

12. CHILIOPHYLLUM Philippi.

Strongly branched and densely leaved shrubs allied to Solidago, but
distinguished by having a paleaceous receptacle.
Heads with marginal ligules. Pappus setose.

C. densifolimn Phil., in Argentina. Pappus i-
seriate.

C. FUEGIANUM O. Hoffm.

Branches erect, the old thick, glabrous; the
younger tomentellous. Leaves erect, spreading,
crowded, oblong or ovate, sessile, obtuse, entire,
coriaceous, glabrous on upper side, beneath carinate
and minutely tomentellous. Receptacular pales as
long as the flowers, narrow, fimbriate-lacerate. .

Ray-flowers 6-8, nearly half as long again as the Flower-head, slightly en-
involucre ; disk-flowers about i c. Achenes elan- larged' also single disk' and

j,,i -11 n / / • ray-flowers, and a portion of

dular-papillose. Pappus-seta several-senate, un- a pappus-hair. (After Hoff-

equal. (Fig. 97.) mann.)

E. Fuegia, by Rio Cullen.

» Euhaplopappus sect, with heterogamous heads ; silky, long, narrow, compressed achenes ;
involucral scales pointed or awned, sometimes divergent.

788

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

13. LAGENOPHORA Cass.

Cespitose herbs, with basal, crowded leaves and i -headed, leafless scapes.
Head heterogamous, radiate or subdisciform, the ligules white, the disk
yellow. Receptacle naked. Involucral scales 2-seriate. Anther basiob-
tuse. Style-branches flattened, with acute appendages. Achenes com-
pressed, narrowed to a rostrum. Pappus none.

Species 12, Australia and New Zeal., with stragglers in Asia, Antarctic
Amer. and Hawaiia.

i. L. COMMERSONII Cass. (L. mtdicaulis Comm.)
Plant 25-75 mm. high. Leaves glabrous or hairy, obovate, obtuse, en-
tire or toothed towards the apex, attenuate to
FlG- 98. a short petiole. (Fig. 98.)

Falklands ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Magellan,
to W. Magellan at Puerto Angusto (Dusen);
(S. Chili.) " Tiny" (R. O. Cunningham).

2. L. HARIOTI Franchet.

Leaves hairy, obovate, basicuneate, long-peti-
oled, coarsely 5-9-toothed. Involucral scales
narrow, acute or acuminate.

Magellan, Clarence I.

3. L. HIRSUTA Poepp. & Endl. (L. commer-

Lagenophora commersonii. - The ^y hirsufa Lessing. )

plant, slightly reduced , also the re-
ceptacle with invoiucrai scales, and Slender rooting perennial, with leaves hirsute

a disk- and a ray-flower, magnified. Qn both surfaces membranaceOUS, petiolatC, obo-
(From Flora antarcttca.)

vate, coarsely toothed, teeth mucronulate. Scape

scarcely twice as long as the leaves. Involucral scales erect, acuminate,
just longer than the disk. Achenes with glandular-viscous rostrum.

N. Patagon., by L. Nahuel-huapi ; S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro. (O. Nor-
denskjold.)

L. HIRSUTA GRACILIS Alboff.

Rhizome creeping, branching, many-stemmed. Petioles pilose, as long
as the broad-ovate to orbiculate lamina, which is basicuneate, appressed,
pilose, ciliate-margined, with 5-6 crenate teeth. Scape leafless or with a

MACLOSKIE I COMSOSIT^E. 789

setaceous bract. Heads small. Involucral scales scarcely ciliate. Flowers
pale rose-colored.

Fuegia, Rio Olivaia; Navarin I.

Possibly a distinct species ; "a charming plantule, scarcely 4-5 cm. in
height, with quite small flowers of a tender rose-color, recalling our
daisies; one of the few herbs of the Fuegian woods." (Alboff.)

14. ASTER Linn.

Mostly perennial herbs, with alternate leaves and heterochromous, radi-
ate heads. Involucre many-seriate, imbricating. Disk-flowers perfect,
yellow. Ray-flowers usually perfect, white to blue. Anthers basi-obtuse,
Style-branches flattened, with pointed appendages. Pappus setose,
copious. Achenes compressed.

Species 250, with headquarters in N. Amer.

i. A. BUSTILLOSIANUS (Remy, sub Haplopappus] O. Ktze.

Fruticose, with glabrous branches, striatulate, leafy below, naked above.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, narrower basally, glabrous, but
the serratures often hairy, veins prominent on both surfaces. Bracts on
pedicels, subulate. Invohicral scales lanceolate, acute, outer herbaceous,
inner scarious, much shorter than the rays.

Valdivia; Patagon.

2. A. HAPLOPAPPUS (Remy) O. Ktze. {Haplopappus sericeus

DC, non Ventn.)

Herbaceous perennial, all silk-woolly. Stem ascending, leafy. Leaves
oblong, 25 mm. long, acute, basi-attenuate, entire. Head solitary, termi-
nal. Involucre campanulate ; its scales laxly imbricate, linear, obtusish,
the outer subvillous, the others glabrous, dry. Ligules scarcely exceeding
the involucre. Achenes long, hirsute. Pappus several-seriate, rufescent.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. A. LINIFOLIUS Linn. (A. subulatus Mex.) (Nees, sub Galatella.}

Glabrous annual, with strict, terete, apically corymbose stem. Leaves
linear or broader, entire, punctate on both sides, rough, i -nerved.
Branches i -headed, bearing small, linear-subulate leaves. Involucral

79° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS; BOTANY.

scales lanceolate, acute, shorter than the disk. Ligules few, purplish, not
exceeding the disk.

(N. Amer.) ; Patagon., by Rio Negro and Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

4. ASTER MONTEVIDENSIS Gris. (Leucopsis diffusa Baker.)

Stems leafy, few-headed, white-hoary. Leaves also hoary. Heads
heterogamous, small for the genus. Involucre obscurely pilose.
(Argentina; Uruguay) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

5. A. SENEBIERIFOLIUS O. Ktze. (Aplopappus coronopifolius DC.)

Glabrous, ascending undershrub, with oblong-obovate, cuneate leaves,
attenuate-petiolate, coarsely incise-serrate, non-prominent nerves ; and
subsolitary, i-headed, nearly naked peduncles. Involucral scales narrow-
linear, acuminate, subsquarrose, serrulate-subciliate. Achene rather silky-
villous. Pappus rufous and corolla yellow.

Patagon.

6. A. VAHLII Hook. & Arn. (Erigeron wahlii DC.)

Glabrous herb, with simple, erect stem. Leaves obovate-lanceolate,
acutish, remotely serrate, narrowing below, sheathing at base. Ray-
flowers pluriseriate. Head rather large. Involucral scales pubescent.
Outer ligules broad. Pappus sordid-white. Achenes hairy.

(S. Chili) ; S. and W. Patagon., in Valley of Rio Aysen ; Fuegia, pas-
sim to Cape Horn, "in steppes, rarer in forests" (Dusen) ; Falklands.

15. ERIGERON Linn.

Herbs, with alternate, often basal, usually not dissected, leaves, and soli-
tary or corymbed, heterogamous heads, with numerous, narrow rays, of
different color from the yellow disk, or rays sometimes obsolete and heads
then disciform. Involucre hemispheric or campanulate ; its scales narrow,
subequal, usually in i-2-series. Receptacle generally naked. Anthers
basiobtuse. Style-branches flat, with short, obtuse or rounded appendages.
Pappus-seta i- or partly 2-seriate, slender and fragile. Achenes com-
pressed.

Species 150, chiefly in N. Amer.; many also in Eurasia, S. Amer. and
Australia ; the introduced E. canadensis in S. Africa.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 791

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Heads i-few.
b. Cespitose.
c. Glabrous.

d. Nearly stemless.

e. Leaves rosulate, oblanceolate. Heads sessile amid the leaves. Involucre

woolly. Ray pink-whitish. erianthus.

e2. Leaves linear-oblong, basiattenuate ; the cauline few, semiamplexicaul. In-
volucre as long as disk ; ray twice as long. glabrifolius.
d. Stem erect.

e. Stem leafy ; leaves linear, the radical longer. Pedicel hoary. Ray white, hot

long. Achenes hairy. gayanus.

e2. Radical leaves long-linear, petiolate, obtuse ; cauline acuminate, sessile. In-
volucre hispid, green. ibari.
C2. More or less pubescent.

d. Leaves lanceolate, villous, few-headed. Rays white, long, narrow.

alpinus.
dz. Leaves canescent, linear-spatulate to linear, erect, as long as the stems. Involu-

cral white, hirsute. patagonicus.

d$. Leaves linear, ciliate, hispid. Ligules short, lilac. Achenes glabrous. Pappus

rufescent. andicola.

b2. Stem bearing.

c. Leaves subrosulate, erect, attenuate both ways. Ligules not long. Achenes hairy.

angustifolius.

C2. Leaves rather obtuse and broad. Involucral hoary below, glabrous and black up-
wards. Achenes hairy. philippi.
CT,. Hoary. Radical leaves broad, rounded above. Ligules lilac, not long. Achenes

puberulous. remyanus.

cAf. Hirsute.

d. Stem erect, rather tall, Leaves linear. Flowers purplish, peduncle strict.

myosotis.

d2. Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous (except the nerves, etc.), attenuate both ways.
Stem hirsute. Ligules as long as the disk. Achenes pilosulous.

bonariensis.
dj,. As d2, but stern smoothish, involucre shorter. Achenes ribbed at margins.

bonaritnsis-glabratiis,
dA.. Radical leaves long, linear, cauline shorter. Ligules purple, shorter than the disk.

lacarensis.
c$. More or less hispid.

d. Stem strict, erect, I -headed. Leaves linear, obtuse, hispidulous. Ligules long,

whitish-pink. Achenes glabrous. poeppigii.

d2. Stem short, leafy. Leaves elliptic-ovate, entire. Scape erect; head I, large.

sullivani.
d$. Stem short. Basal leaves spatulate ; cauline linear-lanceolate. Ray twice as

long as disk. Achenes glabrous. cinereus.

A2. Heads numerous.

792 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

b. Glabrous. Leaves long-linear, acuminate. Involucral scales green, purple-tipped. Cor-
ymbs lax. semiamplexicaulis.
b2. Pubescent Leaves long-linear, subserrate, narrower above. Small heads corymbed.

nemoralis.
£3. Hispid, paniculate. Leaves linear-lanceolate, toothed. Heads purplish-tipped. Achenes

hairy. lechleri.

64. Hispid, corymbose. Leaves linear-oblong, entire. Achenes hispid, spinulosus.
b$. Panicle contracted. Ligules blue. brevicaulis.

i. ERIGERON ALPINUS Linn.

Stems subcespitose, i -few-headed. Leaves lanceolate, acutish, villous
or ciliate, entire. Involucral scales subulate at top, more or less hirt.
Ligules twice as long as the disk. Pappus slightly exceeding the achenes.

"Like E. uniflorus, but with scapes having mostly more than i head,
lower leaves spatulate, upper leaves linear" (A. Gray); a polymorphous
species.

Northern and arctic regions of Eurasia and Amer. ; S. Patagon.

A specimen in Gray Herbarium is signed in 1767 by Commerson, and
labeled E. myosotis Pers. "floris (sic) ex purpureo ad album discoloris,"
with note "De salute der Patagones, dans le fonds de la Bay Boucent.
Xbre 1767 Commerson." Its ligules are white, long and narrow. Speci-
mens by Hatcher from Coy Inlet (Nov. 23, 1896) agree with Commer-
son's, and appear not to differ from the Linnsean E. alpinus.

E. ALPINUS MYOSOTIFOLIUS Hook. f.

Cauline leaves sessile, linear, subobtuse, appressed-hoary. Floral leaves
solitary or aggregate at top of the stem.
Patagon. (?).

2. E. ANDICOLA DC.

Cespitose. Stems numerous, erect, i -headed. Leaves linear, ciliate,
hispid, the radical erect, basi-attenuate, the cauline sessile, few. Heads
hemispherical to campanulate, 10 mm. long. Ligules narrow, short, lilac.
Achenes glabrous, narrow, shorter than the rufescent pappus.

Mid-Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; Cordilleras.

3. E. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Phil.

Stem slender, lax-pilose, i-headed. Leaves lax-rosulate at its base,
rather erect, 5—10 cm. long, shortly attenuate upwards, over 2 mm.
broad, and long-attenuate downwards, subcanescent. Head subhemi-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 793

spherical, 9 by 10 mm. ; with white to pink, narrow, not long ligules.
Pappus short, scarcely rufescent. Achenes hairy, narrow-compressed.
S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

4. ERIGERON BONARIENSIS Linn, (including E. sordidus Gill.).

Stem hirsute, erect. Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous except on
nerves and margins, attenuate both ways ; lower coarsely incised-toothed ;
upper entire. Panicle long, contracted. Involucral scales and slender
ligules equalling the disk. Achenes pilosulous.

(S. Brazil); Argent; Patagon.; "Chileca" (Span.) or "Sassin" (Arauc.)
by Rio Negro and Rio Chubut. Valley of upper Rio Aysen (Dusen).

5. E. BONARIENSIS GLABRATUS Speg.

Departs from the type by having the stem more subglabrous and the
leaves ciliate-pubescent only underneath at the nerves and margin. Heads
7 mm. every way, with involucre half shorter than the disk. Achenes
compressed, ribbed at the margins, pubescent.

N. Patagon., common along the Rio Negro.

6. E. BREVICAULIS Phil.

Panicle contracted. Heads with acute, hispid scales. Ligules lilac, 6
mm. long, nearly as long as the disk. Achenes 2 mm. long, narrow,
shorter than the scarcely rufescent pappus.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentino.

7. E. CINEREUS Hook. & Arn. (E. divergens cinereus.}
Pilose-hispid. Stem short, decumbent, i~3-5-headed. Radical leaves
spatulate ; cauline linear-lanceolate. Involucre tomentose-hirsute, its
scales imbricate, many-seriate, linear, acute, subequal. Ray twice as long
as disk. Pappus 2-seriate, outer series very short. Achenes as long as
the pappus, compressed, 2-edged, glabrous.
(Chilian Andes) ; Patagon.
(E. divergens T. & G., descr. and Fig. in Britt. & Br., iii, p. 388.)

8. E. (?) ERIANTHUS Speg.

Stemless, cespitose. Leaves densely imbricate-rosulate, oblanceolate,
more or less obtuse, somewhat attenuate-petiolate, glabrous. Heads

794 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

sessile amid the leaves, mid-size. Involucral scales several-seriate, acute,
attenuate, villous-woolly. Marginal flowers pink-whitish ; central yellow.
S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

9. ERIGERON GAYANUS Remy. (E. gay anus leptophyllus Speg.)
Stem leafy, 10-20 cm. high, i -headed or 3-6-headed. Leaves linear,
glabrate, the radical leaves longer and broader. Heads short-peduncled ;
pedicels hoary. Invohicral scales hispid, colored. Ligules whitish, not
long. Achenes hairy, shorter than the scarcely rufescent pappus.
(Chili) ; Patagon. by Rio Chubut ; Lago Musters.

IO. E. GLABRIFOLIUS DC.

Shrubby rootstock, nearly stemless, glabrous. Radical leaves linear-
oblong, basally attenuate ; cauline few, semiamplexicaul ; all entire, acute.
Stem ascending, i-headed. Involucral scales equalling the disk, oblong,
obtuse, appressed ; ligules twice as long as the disk. 5-7 cm. tall.

(Chili) ; Fuegia, rare on margins of mountain lakes.

n. E. IBARI Phil.

Cespitose, glabrous. Radical leaves long, linear, 6 cm. by 4 mm.,
narrowing to a petiole, rather obtuse ; cauline leaves sessile, long-acumi-
nate. Stem erect, about ^-headed, equalling the radical leaves to thrice
as long. Heads 13 mm. diam. Involucral leaves hispid, green.

Magellan, near Skyring Water.

12. E. LACARENSIS Phil.

Hirsute perennial. Stem erect, 20-30 cm. high, about ^-headed. Radi-
cal leaves crowded, elongate, linear, attenuate to a long petiole. Cauline
leaves becoming shorter. Heads short-pediceled, 15 mm. diam. Invo-
lucral scales narrowly linear, hispid. Ligules purple, slightly exceeding
the disk.

(Andes); Valdivia; Magellan. (Dusen.)

13. E. LECHLERI Sch. Bip.

Stem herbaceous, erect, 45 cm., leafy, purplish, hispid, paniculately
corymbose. Leaves linear-lanceolate, hirtellate, toothed, with incurved
tips of teeth. Heads campanulate, 5-7 mm. diam., numerous, crowded.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 795

Involucral scales linear, obtuse. Receptacle pitted. Flowers purplish at
apex, the female flowers equalling the disk. Achenes ovate-compressed,
margined, hairy. Pappiis rufescent.

S. Patagon., along Rio Sta. Cruz; at Punta Arenas.

14. ERIGERON MYOSOTIS Pers.

Stem simple, 30 cm. high, about \-headed. Leaves linear, hirsute.
Flowers purplish.

J. D. Hooker unites this with E. alpinus L. Against this A. Franchet
says, " It differs by having its leaves narrower, linear or linear-spatulate,
always very close on the stem, and the inflorescence is in a long raceme,
though sometimes reduced to a head. Peduncles very short or long, but
always parallel with the stem. Leaves less diverse than in E. alpinus,
and not rosulate at the base. Flowers purplish."

S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado ; Magellan; Fuegia passim, "a steppe
plant" (Dusen) ; by Hatcher at Ushuaia.

15. E. NEMORALIS Phil.

Stem erect, with spreading hairs; and leaves with appressed hairs.
Lower leaves oblong-linear, few-serrate ; upper narrower, entire. Corymb
of 20—30 small heads.

W. Patagon., on Rio Palena, W. of Southern Cordilleras.

1 6. E. PATAGONICUS Phil.

Cespitose, 9 cm. high. Stems numerous, simple, i -headed. Leaves
linear-spatulate to linear, as long as the stems, erect. Involucral scales
white, hirsute.

Magellan, at Rio Dinamargueco near Punta Arenas.

17. E. PHILIPPI Sch. Bip.

A low and a tall form, 4 and 16 cm. high, respectively; differing from
the Chilian Erigerons by having leaves more obtuse and broader ; invohi-
cral scales hoary in their lower part, black and glabrous above. Achenes
laxly and appressedly hairy.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine.

796 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

1 8. ERIGERON POEPPIGII DC.

Stems strict, erect, often simple, i-headed. Plants hispidulous. Leaves
linear, narrow, obtuse. Heads hemispherical, with long, whitish-pink
ligules. Achenes glabrous, compressed, not as long as the pink-rufous
pappus.

S. Patagon., near Lago Viedma.

19. E. REMYANUS (Remy) Speg. (E. myosotis Remy non Pers.)
Radical leaves obovate to spatulate, broad, rounded at apex, sub-

mucronulate or subretuse, slightly hoary. Head often solitary, acrogenous

(7 mm. long by 9 mm. diam.), with lilac, scarcely exserted ligules.

Achenes narrow, 3 mm. long, puberulous. Pappus rufescent.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 17,

1896).

20. E. SEMIAMPLEXICAULIS Mey. (including E. scorzonerifolius (Remy)

Speg.).

Glabrous. Stem herbaceous, strict, sparsely branching. Leaves long-
linear, acuminate, scarcely amplexicaul. Corymbs lax ; heads terminal on
the branches. Involucral scales green, scarious, apically purplish, shorter
than the disk. Achenes lanceolate, compressed, puberulous.

N. Patagon., Rio Negro; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, Gallegos ;
Gregory Bay.

E. SEMIAMPLEXICAULIS SCORZONERIFOLIUS (Remy).

Low, 6 cm. high. Radical leaves narrow-linear-lanceolate. Stem
scape-like, with many bract-like leaves. Ligules slightly broader than
in the type.

Fuegia, by Harberton Harbor. (Alboff.)

21. E. SPINULOSUS Hook. & Arn.

Stem erect, hispid, lax-corymbose above ; with rigid setae, sparse below,
but crowded and appressed on the pedicels. Leaves linear-oblong, acute,
entire, with cartilaginous margin, scabrid. Involucral scales and minute
ligules equalling the disk. Achenes hispid, 2 mm. long, their margins
nervose. Pappus whitish.

(Chili); Magellan; Port Negro; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ;
S. Fuegia, at Ushuaia. (J. B. Hatcher.)

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 797

22. ERIGERON SULLIVANI Hook. f.

Entirely subhirsute, with appressed hairs. Stem very short, depressed,
bi-tri-cipital, leafy. Leaves stellately spreading, elliptic-ovate, subacute,
entire, narrowing to a petiole. Scape erect, \-headed, bracteolate, with
linear leaves. Head rather large, depressed. Involucral scales narrowly
linear, hispid-woolly.

"Like E. unifiorus, but with broader leaves, distinct petiole, and ellip-
tic-ovate lamina, not spatulate." (J. D. Hooker.)

Falklands, on moist cliffs; at Punta Arenas; S. Patagon., by Hatcher
at Cabo Negro, Jan. 13, 1897.

1 6. VITTADINIA A. Rich.

Herbs or undershrubs, with alternate leaves and mid-sized, mostly radi-
ate heads; both ray- and disk-flowers fertile, heterochromous, or some-
times with discoid heads; involucre broad, its scales few-seriate, imbri-
cate, narrow, scarious-margined, the outer scales smaller. Receptacle
naked. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches narrow, with subulate ap-
pendages. Pappiis setae copious, unequal. Achenes compressed.

Species 8, severally in S. Amer. ; Papua ; Australia ( i of the Australian
forms in New Caledonia); and in Hawaiia.

i. V. MULTIFIDA Gris. (Baccharis ulicina multifida O. Ktze.)
Glabrous. Heads discoid. Stem i meter high, suffrutescent, virgate,
striate, leafy, corymbose at top. Leaves pinnatisect, the segments remote,
3-6 pairs, filiform, acute. Involucral scales lanceolate, acute, ciliolate.
Pappus i -seriate. Achenes oblong, smooth.
N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

2. V. TRIFURCATA Benth.

Heads radiate. Leaves less dissected than the preceding. Pappus
yellowish and pink in the same flower.

(S. Brazil); by Rio Negro, and in various other parts of Patagon.

17. CHILIOTRICHIUM Cass.

Shrubs, with entire, narrow leaves, tomentose on the under surface, and
with long-pediceled heads, having white or violet ray-flowers, or heads
discoid. Involucre campanulate, its scales scarious, smaller outwards.
Receptacle with chaff. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches flat with nar-

79$ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

row appendages. Pappiis-bristles 2-3-seriate, unequal. Achenes sub-
cylindrical, 5-ribbed.

Species 3, Peraustral Amer.

Here, as in Senecio, J. D. Hooker notes that radiate flowers affect a
damp, and discoid flowers a dry climate. (C. darwinii, humile and kingii
are now placed in the genus Nardophyllum.}

i. CHILIOTRICHIUM DIFFUSUM (Forst, sub Amellus 1787) O. Ktze. (C.

amelloidemn Cass., 1817).

Shrub, 2-3-meters high. Leaves oblong, obovate, .narrow at the base,
plane, margin revolute ; tomentose underneath.

Heads with large, yellow disk and white ray.

"Habit of Rosemary, allied to Olearia of Australia and New Zealand."
(J. Ball.)

Patagon., Magellan and Fuegia, a common bush ; by Hatcher at Cordil-
leras of S. Patagon., and at Cabo Negro; by Dusen in W. Patagon.
Also found at Lago Argentine and Chubut R., "a steppe plant." Falk-
lands, "nearest approach to a tree of the Falkland Is." "in moist places."
"Is 8 feet high with large, white-rayed head," R. O. Cunningham ; got by
B. Brown in Spaniard Harbor, Fuegia, March 22, 1900. "Three forms
according to the breadth of the leaves, — a typical, a medium and a nar-
row-leaved form: leaves obovate to oblanceolate, thence to linear-ob-
lanceolate and acute" (Speg.).

2. C. ROSMARINIFOLIUM LeSS.

Branching shrub, obsoletely tomentose and densely leafy upwards, but
not near the top of the flowering branches. Leaves coriaceous, shining
above, tomentose underneath, linear, acute, i -nerved, the nerve prominent
below and glabrous ; margin revolute, entire. Heads terminal, solitary,
erect, disk 8 mm. long. Ray white? Invohicre shorter than the disk,
campanulate, its scales many-seriate, dry, lanceolate, with a green nerve,
entire, the outer more obtuse. Bracteoles scarious, conduplicate. Pappus
setaceous, shorter than the disk.

(Chili); Patagon., in Cordilleras of Chubut.

1 8. CONYZA Less.

Herbs, rarely shrubs, with alternate leaves and small to midsized, disci-
form, heterogamous heads. Involucre campanulate, its scales 2-many-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 799

seriate, often dry, smaller outwards. Disk-flowers yellow. Marginal
flowers pale, filiform, 2-3-toothed, often ligulate. Anthers basi-obtuse.
Style-branches flat, appendaged. Pappus-setce slender. Achenes small,
compressed.

Species 50, in warm climates.

I. CONYZA ARMERLEFOLIA Phil.

Green, setulose-hispid, 60 cm. high, branching, terete, leafy corymbose.
Leaves all narrow-linear, entire, the basal most crowded. Heads nearly
i cm. diam. Involucral scales obtuse, white-setulose outside ; the inner
scarious-margined. Achenes setose-pubescent.

S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado, near Linares.

2. C. AUSTRALIS Phil.

Stem erect, simple, with sparse, white, erect hairs. Leaves spreading,
petiolate, linear, acute, entire, with hairs on the stem. Racemiform
corymb of 10 heads, each 5 mm. long. Outer invohtcral scales dorsally
white-setose, marginally lacerate-ciliate. Flowers as long as the involucre.

By Rio Palena, W. of the Cordillera.

3. C. CHILENSIS Spreng.

Stem herbaceous, erect, subsimple, terete, striate, nervous, hirsute.
Radical leaves spreading, oblong, basi-attenuate, obtuse, sinuate. Cauline
leaves few, semiamplexicaul, subhirsute, lanceolate, acute, subentire.
Heads corymbed, few, very broad.

Common in Chili and N. Patagon., along the Rio Negro.

19. CHRYSOCOMA Linn.

Branching, glabrous undershrubs, with alternate, linear leaves, and
midsized or small homogamous, discoid, yellow heads terminating the
branches. Involucre hemispherical or campanulate, its scales few-seriate,
imbricate, narrow, scarious, the outer shorter. Anthers basally obtuse.
Style-branches narrow, flat, with lanceolate appendages. Achenes small,
mostly villous. Pappus-setce i -seriate, white.

Species 8, S. Africa, and the following:

8OO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

CHRYSOCOMA CUNEIFOLIA Jacq.

Glabrous shrub. Leaves shortly petiolate, cuneiform, few-serrate
towards the apex, about 4 cm. long. Pedtmcles terminal, very short,
sometimes solitary, sometimes crowded, all with leaves enclosing the sub-
sessile flowers. Receptacle naked. Pappus pilose, equalling the corolla.
Magellan.

20. HETEROTHALAMUS Less.

Glabrous or glutinous shrubs, with alternate, entire or toothed, or
no leaves ; and small, polygamo-dicecious heads. Heads in one plant
hermaphrodite and discoid, but sterile, or with fertile ray-flowers; in
another plant discoid and all fertile. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches
of the perfect flowers narrow, ciliate, or cohering. Papptis-setce often
clavate. Achenes glabrous.

Species 5, S. Amer.

1. H. NIVALIS (Sch. Bip.) Wedd.

Cespitose or suffruticose, branching much, dioecious. Leaves linear,
i cm. long, plane, attenuate downwards. Floriferous branches first bend-
ing, then ascending a few cm., with heads solitary on terminal peduncles.
Pappus-bristles very tortuous.

(Chili, near the snow) ; W. Fuegia, by Rio Condor. (Dusen.)

2. H. SPARTIOIDES Hook. & Arn.

Leafless and dioecious, resembling B ace harts aphylla DC. (Eng. &
Prantl, iv, 5, p. 171, A). Much branching, with minute, scale-like, acute,
remote leaves. Heads in racemes or corymbs.

Patagon., by Rio Negro; Rio Chubut; Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

3. H. TENELLUS (Hook. & Arn. sub Baccharis] O. Ktze.

All pubescent-hoary, suffruticose. Branches angulate. Leaves alter-
nate, remote, linear-subulate, entire, acute, slightly rigid, i -nerved.
Heads terminal, solitary, rather large. Involucre broad-campanulate ; its
scales ovate, acute, imbricate, apically naked and colored.

N. Patagon., near Carmen ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

H. TENELLUS GRACILIOR.

Bahia Blanca to N. Patagon.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 80 1

HETEROTHALAMUS TENELLUS ROBUSTIOR.
S. Patagon., St. Julian.
"Our plants are all males." (H. & A.)

21. BACCHARIS Linn.

Shrubs or herbs, with dicecious, discoid, small or mid-sized heads,
female in the fertile plants, hermaphrodite in the sterile. Anthers basi-
obtuse. Achenes compressed, usually 5-io-costate. Pappus-seta copious,
i to several-seriate, fewer and tortuose in the sterile flowers.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 171.)

Species 300, chiefly in trop. Amer.; some in U. S.; in W. Indies. Of
many only one sex is known ; consequently the specific characters are
derived chiefly from the leaves. Young leaves and twigs frequently
bearing glandular hairs which produce a colorless secretion. (Volkens.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Branches 3 -winged.

b. Leaves reduced to acute scales. Interrupted spikes. trimera.

b2. Glabrous.

c. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Achenes costate. chubutensis.

cz. Leaves minute, subternate scales. Heads i-many spicate. Achenes sulcate.

genistelloides.

£3. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Heads spicate. sagittalis,

A2. Branchlets angular.
b. Glabrous.

c. Leaves fan-shaped, toothed, viscid when young. Heads axillary, crowded.

flabellata.

c2. Leaves linear, toothed. Heads crowded at ends of branches. denticulata.

CT,. Leaves obovate-oblong, a tooth on each shoulder. Heads crowded, conferta.
c4. Branches leafy. Leaves linear-attenuate. Heads solitary. gilliesii.

b2. Glabrous-viscid.

c. Leaves obovate-cuneate, subentire, evergreen. Heads solitary, sessile on ends of

branches. magellanica.

C2. Leaves ovate-cuneate, rugose, toothed. Pedicels axillary, i -headed. (Viscid when

y°ung-) patagonica.

CT,. Leaves cuneate, tridentate. Female heads axillary. microphylla.

*4. Young branches striate-angulate. Leaves oblong-cuneate, apically toothed, narrower

upwards. Spicate heads. platensis.

£3. Puberulous. Leaves remote, linear, entire. Heads solitary on corymbed branches.

darwinii.
A$. Branchlets terete.

b. Puberulous at first, then glabrous-viscid. Leaves linear, toothed. Heads many, terminal.

confertifolia.

802 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

&2. Branchlets sulcate.

c. Dwarf. Leaves small, linear, subentire. Heads solitary on the branches.

nana.

c2. Leaves lance-linear, pectinately spinulose. Heads subcorymbose. melanopotamica.
b^. Branches striate. Glabrous.

c. Leaves few, sessile, linear, entire. Heads 3—5 on the branches. genistifolia.

c2. Leaves pinnatifid, decurrent, segments narrow, mucronulate. Heads corymbed.

pinnatifida.
c$. Leaves subulate, mucronate, often pinnatifid. Heads solitary on ends of branches,

often corymbed. ulicina.

A^.. Various.

b. Tall shrubs with spongy wood, and lance-linear, resinous leaves. Corymbs, salicifolia.

b2. Erect shrubs, with firm stem, ovate-lanceolate, serrulate leaves, subglabrous. Heads

corymbed. serrulata.

b-),. Subglaucous herb, with rush-like stems, and linear, distant leaves. juncea.

£4. Low, branching shrub, leafy above, scars below. Leaves oblong, toothed-setose. Male

heads small, solitary. . dusenii.

b$. Branches punctulate, laxly leafy. Leaves narrow, punctulate. Corymbed. pingrcea.
66. Branchlets and leaves resinous-glandular. Leaves linear, obtuse, thickish. Corymbed.

rosmarinifolia.
b"j. Branches crowded, erect. Leaves small, crowded, hoary underneath. Heads solitary,

terminal. bryoides.

68. Glabrous, branching annual. Leaves linear-subulate. Heads subcorymbose.

snbulata.

bg. Inflorescence paniculate. Involucre woolly, lax. artemisioides.

b\o. Inflorescence umbelliform. Leaves obovate-cuneate, toothed. lunbelliformis.

b\\. Imperfectly known.

c. Heads subsessile, spicate, leafy, terminating the branches. rufescens.

c2. Leaves opposite, lanceolate. iirvilleana.

i. BACCHARIS ARTEMISIOIDES Hook. & Arn.

Habit of Artemisia absinthium, from a racemiform panicle and woolly
involucre. Involucral scales lax, rather broad. Heads androgynous, 4
mm. diam.

Argentina; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

2. B. BRYOIDES PerS.

Branching, prostrate undershrub ; with crowded, erect branchlets.
Leaves very small, crowded, linear, hoary beneath. Heads 6-8-flowered,
terminal, solitary, sessile. Involucre cylindrical, its scales oblong.

"Magellan Strait or Patagom'an shore" (Commerson). "Genus doubt-
ful" (DC. Prodr.).

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 803

3. BACCHARIS CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Stem leafy, glabrous, with erect,. subsimple branches, having 3 broad,
remotely interrupted wings. Leaves sessile, elliptical or ovate. Heads
mostly apical, rather large, few-glomerulate on the central branchlet.
Involucral scales acute. Achenes 6-costate, minutely and closely papillate.

Rootstock woody, thick, nodose ; branches 20-50 cm. tall.

Patagon., Chubut, in swampy mountain meadows.

4. B. CONFERTA H. B. & K.

Glabrous, branching plants, subviscous at the apex ; branchlets decurrent,
angular. Leaves sessile, obovate-oblong, 10-14 mm., acute, basi-cuneate,
a tooth on each side -near apex, nearly veinless. Female heads terminal,
crowded, subsessile. Involucral scales lanceolate, the inner ones acumi-
nate, at length squarrose. Achenes striate, glabrous.

(Mexico) ; Falklands.

5- B. CONFERTIFOLIA Colla.

Shrub, from puberulous becoming glabrous, slightly viscid. Branchlets
terete. Leaves linear, elongate, attenuate-petiolate, acute, coarsely toothed-
serrate to entire, 3-nerved. Heads many on ends of the branches. In-
volucres ovate, their scales lanceolate, scarious, stramineous, glabrous ; of
the male oval-oblong, obtuse ; of the female acute.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

(B. cuneifolia Lam. sub B. magellanica.']

(B. cylindrica DC. sub B. genistelloides.]

6. B. DARWINII Hook. & Arn.

Suffruticose, erect, puberulous ; branches angulate-striate. Leaves
remote, linear, canaliculate, subcarnose, obscurely i -nerved, entire, end-
ing in a hair or a soft mucro. Head solitary, terminal on subcorymbose
branchlets. Involucre hemispherical, its scales obsoletely i -nerved,
lanceolate, acuminate, the margins broadly scarious, entire.

Patagon., by Rio Negro; Golfo de San Jorge; Rio Sta. Cruz and
Rio Chico; Puerto Madryn (Dusen). "The South Patagonian specimens
are prostrate, leaves broader; those from Rio Negro are tall (50-80 cm.),
erect, patent-ramose, with leaves more remote and smaller."

804 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

7. BACCHARIS DENTICULATA DC.

Glabrous, branching shrub, with subangulate branches. Leaves linear,
7 by 2 mm., basiattenuate, acutely and coarsely 2— 3-toothed at apex,
coriaceous. Heads crowded at ends of the branches, oblong, glabrous.
Involucral scales acuminate. Pappus slightly exceeding the involucre.
Achenes glabrous.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

8. B. DUSENII O. Hoffmann.

Low, branching undershrub, 7 cm. high. Branches with leaf-scars
below, leafy above. Leaves sessile, oblong, 10 by 3
^ mm., 3-nerved, the lateral nerves faint, sinuate-dentate,
the teeth ending in white setae. Male heads small, soli-
tary on ends of the branches, short-pediceled. Involucre-
scales 3-seriate, i -nerved, their margin hyaline, fimbril-
late. Female heads? (Fig. 99.)

S. Patagon., by Puerto Madryn. (Dusen.)

Baccharis dusenii. —

Branch with flower- R FLABELLATA Hook. & Am.

head; also (magnified)

leaf and invoiucrai Fruticose, erect, glabrous ; branches angulate, the
scale. (After o. Hoff- younger viscid. Leaves fan-shaped, coriaceous, coarsely

angulate-toothed, obscurely 3-nerved, obsoletely pitted,
attenuate-petiolate. Heads sessile, axillary, crowded ; invohicre ovoid, its
scales ovate, i -nerved, the inner longer.

(Brazil, Prov. of St. Louis) ; N. Patagon., by confluence of Rio Limay
and Rio Neuquen.

IO. B. GENISTELLOIDES (Pers.) Lam.

Undershrubs, 3-winged. Wings plane, nerveless, short or often inter-
rupted. Leaves very small, reduced to subternate, acutish scales. Heads
few (1-2), interruptedly spicate. Involucre turbinate, its scales all acumi-
nate. Rachis naked. Acheties glabrous, cylindraceous, sulcate.

(Peru.)

P. GENISTELLOIDES CYLINDRICA (DC.) Bkr.

Herbaceous, 3-winged. Leaflets reduced to mere scales. Heads
spicate-glomerate ; the male involucre campanulate; the female oblong-
cylindrical ; the scales acute. Ac henes glabrous.

(Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon., high plains along Rio Negro.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 805

n. BACCHARIS GENISTIFOLIA DC.

Glabrous, branching shrub, with striate branchlets. Leaves few, distant,
sessile, linear, 10 by i mm., obtuse, entire, nearly nerveless. The male-
heads 3-5, sessile, terminating the branches, spicate-crowded, bractless.
Involucre obovate, its scales ovate, acute, membranaceous-margined.
Habit of Genista tinctoria. Female plant?

(Brazil; Chili; Argentina); S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.

12. B. GILLIESII A. Gray.

Low, glabrous, from a woody base, much branching. Branches slender,
striate-angled, leafy. Leaves sessile, linear-attenuate, or 2-4-toothed, i-
nerved ; those of the branches small. Heads solitary, terminal. Involucre
campanulate, the scales obtuse, scarious-margined, woolly-tipped. Pappus
thrice as long as the involucre. Achenes glabrous.

(Argentina); sandhills at the mouth of Rio Colorado, near the sea;
and through N. Patagon.

Var. with leaves rather long and deeply toothed. Same distribution.

13. B. JUNCEA Desf.

Subglaucous, glabrous herb, perennial. Stems from the collum many,
terete, rush-like. Leaves sessile, linear, almost nerveless, entire or minutely
toothed, distant. Heads terminal, solitary or few-corymbose, pediceled.
Involucre hemispherical, its scales lanceolate, rigid, acute, inner ones
linear and smaller. Achenes glabrous, 5-io-costate. Pappus copious,
many-seriate.

(Brazil); Patagon., by Rios Negro and Sta. Cruz; Port Rawson. By
J. B. Hatcher at Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz, March, 1897, female (determined
by O. Hoffmann, who writes, "De Condolle writes 'folia integerrima.'
They are not always so. Also Baker says in the Flora Brasil., 'folia
interdum minute dentata.' We have collected examples like yours from
Sello.") The Hatcher specimen has the leaves remotely serrate. Plant
nearly a meter high, heads corymbed, outer involucre scales nearly ovate,
all chestnut colored, with whitish margins. Achenes long, ovoid, com-
pressed, lo-striate, rounded at top where the fine, silky, abundant pappus
is inserted ; pappus more than twice as long as the involucre.

806 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

14. BACCHARIS MAGELLANICA Pers. (including B. cuneifolia Lam.).

Low undershrub, glabrous-viscous, with angled branches. Leaves ses-
sile, crowded, coriaceous, evergreen, obovate-cuneate, obtuse, semientire,
with some obscurely 3-toothed. Heads solitary, sessile on ends of the
branches. Involucre ovate, its scales ciliate-fimbriate. Achenes glabrous,
striate.

Magellan; Fuegia passim, abundant at Ushuaia ; Falklands ; Patagon.,
by Golfo de San Jorge ; at Puerto Deseado ; by Hatcher at head of Rio
Chico de Sta. Cruz, Feb. 9, 1897, trie ma^e plant. N. Patagon., by Lago
Nahuel-huapi. (See note to B. patagonica.}

15. B. MELANOPOTAMICA Speg.

Small, glabrous undershrub, with slender, sulcate, I -headed branches.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate or spatulate-linear, sessile, pectinately spinu-
lose-toothed. Heads subcorymbose. Involucral scales 4-5-seriate, lan-
ceolate, acute, their margin pallid.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon., high places along Rio Negro ; on Rio
Grande (Dusen, Jan., 1896).

16. B. MICROPHYLLA Kunth. (non DC.).

Branching, glabrous shrub, slightly viscid, with angulate branches.
Leaves subsessile, cuneate, apically tridentate, coriaceous, i -nerved.
Female heads axillary, shortly pediceled. Involucral scales subsquarrose.
acutish.

(Peru) ; N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

(B. montevidensis is Vernonia nitidiila Less., fide DC. Prodr., v, 29 ;
and Index Kewensis.}

17. B. NANA D. Don.

Glabrous, dwarf undershrub, 15—30 cm. high ; much branching ; the
branches slender, wingless, sulcate. Leaves small, sessile, linear, plane,
i -nerved, entire or nearly so. Heads many-(3O-) flowered, solitary on
ends of branches. Involucre campanulate, its scales few-seriate, rigid,
caducous, the inner ones acute. Pappus whitish.

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

1 8. B. PATAGONICA Hook. & Arn.

Glabrous shrub, with angulate branches, the younger ones viscid.
Leaves sessile, ovate-cuneate, i -nerved, thick, punctate-rugose, 3-7-toothed

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 807

above. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, axillary, solitary or in pairs,
bracteate, i-headed. Involucre of both sexes campanulate, its outer scales
oval, nerveless ; the inner oblong, green-nerved ; all obscurely fimbriate.

Patagon., most characteristic; Fuegia passim; E. and W. Magellan;
in shubberies of N. Patagon. ; southward chiefly as a steppe-plant

"Plant much larger than B. magellanica Pers., not viscid. Leaves
sinuate-lobate towards the summit, opaque, and often turning black in
drying; otherwise very near B. magellanica." (J. D. Hooker.) Alboff
states that the characters of B. magellanica at Ushuaia and Navarin are so
intermediate between those of these two species as to suggest that they
are all only one species. In this and in B. magellanica the stomata are
functionless because of the thickening of their enclosing cells. (Dusen.)

19. BACCHARIS PINGR^EA DC.

Stem suffruticose, branching, laxly leafy. Leaves linear to linear-lance-
olate, entire or serrate, acuminate, punctulate, as are the branches.
Corymbs lax, many-headed, hvvohicre ovate-subglobose ; its scales in
the males oblong-lanceolate, mucronate ; in the females the innner acumi-
nate. Achenes glabrous.

(California to Chili and Argentina) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and
Rio Chubut.

B. PINGR^GA ANGUSTISSIMA DC.

Leaves very narrow-linear, entire or rarely denticulate.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

20. B. PINNATIFIDA Klatt.

Stem branching freely from the base ; branches erect, striate, very leafy,
glabrous. Leaves sessile, decurrent, pinnatifid, their segments narrow-
linear, mucronulate. Heads terminal, subcorymbose. Involucre cam-
panulate, its scales lanceolate, acute, subreflexed, membranaceous-mar-
gined, nerve green.

Patagon.

21. B. PLATENSIS Spreng.

Glabrous, viscous shrub. Branches opposite, the younger striate-
angulate. Leaves opposite, oblong-cuneate, apically dentate, coriaceous ;
the inferior obovate-oblong, mid-ones oblong, upper linear, subentire.
Heads sessile, glomerate, interruptedly spicate on the branches and

808 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

branchlets. Involucre ovate, its scales oval, subacute, as long as the
pappus. Lower leaves 5 cm. by 1 2 mm. ; the broader leaves are 3-nerved,
the narrower i -nerved.

(S. Brazil) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

22. BACCHARIS ROSMARINIFOLIA Hook. & Arn.

Branching shrub, densely leafy. Leaves linear, rather obtuse, thick-
coriaceous, entire, margin revolute, with the branchlets resinous-glandular.
Corymbs terminal, densely few-headed. Involucre oval, its scales elliptic-
oblong, the outer ones obtuse, the inner subacute. Achenes glabrous.

(Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

23. B. RUFESCENS Spreng. (B. baldwini Hook. & Arn.)

Heads subsessile, glomerate, spicate, leafy, terminating the branches.
Leaves cuneate-linear, 3-i-toothed above the middle, rarely entire, 12-
25 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad. Heads androgynous, ovate-oblong;
females subcylindric ; in both sexes 6 mm. long ; (allied to B. paucidentata
DC, hemispheric and smaller).

(Brazil; Argent); Patagon., by Rio Negro.

24. B. SAGITTALIS DC. (LeSS.).

Fruticulose ; ^-winged, the wings plane, remotely interrupted. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, 14-18 mm. long, shorter than the internodes.
Heads in a continuous or interrupted, terminal spike. Involucre cam-
panulate-ovate, its scales obtuse in the male, in the female acute, the
innermost acuminate. Achenes glabrous.

(Chili) ; W. Patagon. ; Chubut, by Teka-choique.

25. B. SALICIFOLIA Pers.

Shrub, over 2 meters tall, with spongy wood. Branches not winged.
Leaves lanceolate-linear, serrate, 3-nerved, resinous. Corymbs terminal.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro to Rio Chubut, and in valley of Rio Col-
orado ; widely spread over temperate S. Amer. The wood is used by
the Indians to strike fire by friction.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 809

26. BACCHARIS SERRULATA Pers.

Leaves subglabrous, ovate-lanceolate, with a broader base, 3-nerved,
acutely serrulate, petiolate. Corymb branching, terminal. Stem firm, 30-
90 cm. high. Pappus rufescent.

(Brazil) ; Patagon.

27. B. SUBULATA D. Don.

Glabrous annuals, with terete, smooth or striate stem and branches 15-
60 cm. long. Leaves erect, subcarnose, alternate, remote, linear-subulate,
acute, nerveless, entire or serrate, canaliculate in time of drought. Heads
solitary, terminal, subcorymbose. Involucre campanulate-hemispherical,
its scales purple-colored, all ovate, acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined.

(Buenos Ayres) ; N. to S. Patagon.

Two varieties, one with entire leaves and involucral scales, the other
with serrate leaves and erose scales.

(B. tenella, sub Heterotlialamus.']

28. B. TRIMERA DC.

Undershrub, branches with 3 wings, which are interrupted at places.
Leaves reduced to mere acute scales. Heads glomerate, in interrupted
spikes. Achenes oblong, glabrous. Involucral scales of the male heads
obtuse or acute, of the female acuminate ; outer scales all acute.

(S. Brazil.)

B. TRIMERA VISCOSISSIMA Speg.

Low, lax-cespitose. Branches slender, 3-costate, subalate. Leaves
crowded and longer upwards, obtuse, linear (5 by I mm. above). Plant
viscous.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

29. B. ULICINA Hook. & Arn.

Branching shrub, the branches erect, striate, glabrous. Leaves narrow,
1-1.5 mm- broad, subulate, finely mucronate, entire and often pinnatifid.
Heads solitary, terminal on the short, often corymbose branches. Invo-
lucre subcampanulate, its scales linear-subulate, with a green nerve.

N. Patagon., common along Rio Negro; also in Bolivia, Argentina,
etc., "paste" and "yerba de los ovejas"; cespitose and very green, and
valuable for feeding sheep.

8lO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

BACCHARIS ULICINA HUMILIS.
On bare parts of the pampas.

B. ULICINA MULTIFIDA (Gris.) O. Ktze.; see supra, p. 797, Vittadinia

multifida Gris.

30. B. UMBELLIFORMIS DC.

Glabrous shrub. Leaves obovate, obtuse, cuneate, sessile, plane,
toothed, i -nerved, not punctate. Heads pediceled, umbellate at the ends
of the branches. Scales of the male, campanulate involucre scarious at the
margin, densely ciliate. (Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi.

31. B. URVILLEANA Brongn.

Shrub, with lanceolate, opposite! leaves. ("Description not yet pub-
lished," DC. Prodr., vii, p. 282, 1838; nor yet, 1905. Fig. in t. 61,
Brongn. Bot. Voy. Coq. See Plate XXXI at the end of this volume.)

Magellan.

22. PLUCHEA Cass.

Herbs (or sometimes in the tropics shrubs), with alternate, dentate
leaves and small heads of tubular flowers in terminal, corymbose cymes.
Involucre narrow or broad, its scales appressed, several-seriate, imbricate,
green. Receptacle naked. Oiiter-flowers 3-cleft, pistillate ; inner 5-cleft,
perfect or sterile. Anthers basisagittate, tailed. Pappus i -seriate, sca-
brous-bristly. Achenes angulate.

(Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, iv, 5, p. 176, C-G.)

Species 30, widespread in warm and temperate regions.

P. QUITOC DC.

Annual. Leaves sessile, very decurrent, oblong or lanceolate, callous-
denticulate. Corymb compound, subfastigiate. Invohicral scales lanceo-
late, subacute. A sweet, aromatic herb.

(Central and S. Brazil, in swamps); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

23. TESSARIA Ruiz & Pav. (Pleuropappus Nutt, non Less.)

Shrubs resembling Pluchea, hoary or silky, but with involucral scales
scarious, the inner long and bent outwards. Perfect flowers less numer-
ous (i-io). Species 4, California to N. Patagon.

J. P1ERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND

Reports of

The Princeton University Expeditions
to Patagonia, 1896-1899

J. B. HATCHER IN CHARGE

EDITED liY

WILLIAM B. SCOTT

BLAIR PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PAL.EONTOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

VOLUME VIII

BOTANY

PART V FLORA PATAGONICA, SECTION 4, COMPOSITE (CONCL.)

PART VI ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES

PART VII COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

PART VIII TOPOGRAPHY

PART IX CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA

(iK()R(il-: MACLOSKIE

(Jlkjii PUINCF.TON rMVKHSITY

il'p. 811-982. I'll. XXVIII-XXXI)

PRINCETON, N. J.
THI. I.'MVKKMTY

STUTTGART

E. SCHWEIZERBART'SCHK VERLAGSIIANDLUNG (E. NAGELE)

igo6

I'

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 8n

TESSARIA ABSINTHIOIDES DC.

Branches and leaves appressed, hoary-silky. Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate both ways, entire or sometimes with coarse, sharp teeth, here and
there incised ; underneath nervose-reticulate. Involucre-scales glabrous,
acute. Disk y-S-flowered.

(Chili, by rivers ) ; N. Patagon., rare at Carmen de Patagones on Rio
Negro.

24. PSILOCARPHUS Nutt.

Small, tomentose, annual herbs, with alternate, entire leaves. Heads
small, subglobose, terminal or axillary ; disciform, heterogamous, the disk-
flowers sterile. Pappus none. Achenes oblong, not ribbed.

Species 3, California to Patagon.

P. GLOBULIFERUS (Bert. sub. Micropus} Speg.

Snowy-tomentose. Stems branching from the base, diffuse. Leaves
oblong-linear, the floral broader, obtuse. Heads terminal and lateral.
Involucral scales plane, unarmed, obtuse. Chaff on receptacle ovate,
compressed, tomentose about the achenes, making a hoary globe.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

25. MICROPSIS DC.

Small, woolly annuals, with alternate, entire leaves and small heads in
glomerules at the ends of the branches or crowded in the axils. Heads
disciform, heterogamous. Involucre shorter than the receptacular chaff,
with few, woolly, hyaline scales. Receptacle cylindraceous, chaffy. Cor-
ollas filiform in the margin, tubular inwards. Anthers subcaudate ; style-
branches obtuse. Pappus none, or fugacious. Achenes small.

Species 5, Eurasia and N. Amer. and the following :

M. NANA DC.

Stems numerous, not 3 cm. long. Leaves obovate, obtusely mucronate,
appressed-villous, crowded upwards, or as if whorled in the axils.
(Chili) ; N. Patagon., on grassy turf by Rio Negro.

26. CHEVREULIA Cass.

Dwarf, cespitose or slender herbs, with opposite or rosulate, entire leaves,
hoary underneath at least ; and mediocre or small, disciform, heteroga-

8l2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

mous heads, some sessile, others peduncled. Involucre-scales few-seriate,
imbricate, scarious, shorter outwards. Repectacle naked. Anthers basi-
sagittate, with slender tails. Styles in disk, with slender, truncate branches.
Pappus finely setose, briefly connate at base. Achenes ending in a long
rostrum.

m

Species 7, S. Amer.

i. CHEVREULIA LYCOPODIOIDES DC.

Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, 4 mm. long. Heads terminal, solitary,
oblong. Invohtcral scales lanceolate, acuminate, hairy at the base.
Falklands, in dry grassy places ; Fuegia.

2. C. STOLONIFERA CaSS.

Stem branching, short, stoloniferous. Leaves subradical, linear-oblong
or obovate, obtuse, entire, mucronate, appressed-hairy. Scape longer
than the leaves. Invohtcral scales obtuse.

(Chili, at Valdivia; also in Tristan d'Acunha I.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio
Negro.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, G, H.)

27. ANTENNARIA Gaertn.

Woolly, perennial herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, and small dis-
coid, dicecious or polygamous heads, usually capitate or corymbose. In-
volucral scales scarious, imbricated, the outer shorter. Receptacle not
chaffy. Staminal flowers, with scanty pappus of clavate setae; fertile
flowers, with copious, capillary bristles. Achenes oblong.

Species 15, mostly in mountains of Eurasia, Australia and extratrop. N.
and S. Amer.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, C-E.)

A. MAGELLANICA Sch. Bip.

From subligneous root. Plant arachnoid, woolly. Leaves in radical
tufts and cauline ; ovate-spatulate, subacute, entire ; narrower upwards.
Glomerules with golden-woolly scales, the inner thin, rounded, glabrous,
shorter than the pappus.

Magellan, specimen in Gray Herb., by R. O. Cunningham ; S. Pata-
gon., by Hatcher at Rio Coy, "variable, low, 30-60 cm. high" ; N. and E.
Fuegia, by Dusen, "a rather rare steppe plant."

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 813

28. FACELIS Cass.

Annual herbs, branching from the ground, with leaves alternate, narrow,
entire, emarginate, hoary underneath. Heads rather small, axillary or
apically aggregated ; disciform and heterogamous ; the females in the
ray, and few fertile, tubular, hermaphrodite in the disk. Involucre ovoid,
its scales several-seriate, the inner long-scarious ; outer woolly ; outer-
most leafy. Receptacle naked. Antliers basisagittate and tailed. Style-
branches truncate. Pappus-setae i -seriate, plumose, basiconnate as a
ring. Achenes oblong, beakless.

Species 3, Andine.

F. APICULATA Cass.

Leaves linear, apically truncate or emarginate, the nerve apiculately
produced. Heads crowded.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, J. K.)

(S. Brazil ; Argent.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

F. BRACHYCH/ETA (brachyantha?\
S. Patagon., high up by Rio Sta. Cruz.

29. ACHYROCLINE Less.

Erect undershrubs, mostly woolly, with panicled cymes of small, nar-
row, few-flowered, yellow to whitish, disciform heads; 3-6 filiform, female
flowers in the ray, and 1-2 tubular, hermaphrodite flowers in the disk ;
all fertile. Receptacle naked or with few pales. Anther-tails small.
Style-branches truncate. Pappus-seta scabrous, falling singly.

Specimens 16, Mexico to Brazil, etc., also in Africa and Madagascar.

A. SATUREIOIDES (Lam.) DC.

Branches woolly. Leaves sessile, linear, spreading, scarcely acute ; the
cauline crowded, those on the branches distant, webby above, woolly
underneath. Heads apically crowded, cylindric, glabrous ; their scales
oblong, obtuse.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, L.)

(Brazil, etc.) ; N. Patagon., by mouths of Rio Negro.

814 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

30. LUCILIA Cass.

Gray, woolly herbs, allied to Gnaphalium. Heads few, rather large,
elongated. Involucres many-seriate, their scales long, scarious. .Recep-
tacle naked. Flowers all fertile, the females very slender, surrounding, and
more numerous than, the hermaphrodites. Achenes silky, some of the
hairs often elongate, like an extra-pappus.
Species 25, S. Amer.

L. ACUTIFOLIA Cass.

Leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, tomentose. Pappus-set<z finely serru-
late.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 184, M.)

(Andes of Peru and Chili) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

31. GNAPHALIUM Linn. Cudweed, Everlasting.

Chiefly woolly herbs, with alternate leaves and discoid heads of pistillate
and perfect flowers. Involucral scales several-seriate, their points dry.
Receptacle naked. Anthers tailed. Pappus single, of capillary bristles.
Achenes oblong or obovate, not ribbed.

Species 120, widely distributed. (J. D. Hooker, in Flora Antarctica,
questions the specific validity of many of the species.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Glabrous.

b. Decumbent, 4 cm. Leafy at base, less so above. Heads capitate, large, antarcticum.
62. Undershrub, woolly upwards. Leaves small, obovate-rotund. Heads 3-5, terminal.

serpyllifolium.
A2. Hoary, erect or ascending. Lower leaves broad, spatulate, upper narrower.

b. Upper leaves subdecurrent. Floral leaves short, linear. Heads crowded, spiciform.

spicatum.

62. Upper leaves not decurrent. Heads in compound, axillary spikes. axillare.

A$. Hoary- villous.

b. Erect annual. Leaves linear or broader, acute. Spike leafy, terminal, and axillary glom-

erules. Scales purplish-tipped. filagineum,

b2. Slender, leafy stem. Leaves spatulate-linear-oblong. Heads 3-5, sessile in upper

axils, as an interrupted spike. Scales dark -tipped. spidforme.

A^. Glandular-tomentose, suffruticose, with short branches. Leaves oblong-spatulate, acute.

Heads in compound, apical glomerules. Scales whitish. frigidum.

A$. Woody, branching, with a tomentose cross terminating the branches. lycopodimn.

A6. Leaves green above, tomentose underneath. Heads crowded apically.

b. Leaves ovate-oblong, attenuate-petiolate, acuminate. Heads crowded at the top.

mucronatum.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 815

b2. Leaves linear spatulate, the upper oblong. Heads sessile in axils and spicate above.
c. Scales purplish upwards. purptireum.

c2. Scales apically rufous. Leaves oblong-spatulate, mucronate.

purpiireum-sphacelatum.
£3. Leaves dimorphous, the basal subspatulate, straight, the cauline falcate, crowded. Heads

sessile in upper axils and densely spicate. falcatum.

64. Erect or diffuse annual. Lower leaves subobovate, obtuse ; upper leaves narrower,

acute, semi-amplexicaul. Glomerules cymose. Scales acuminate. luteo-album.
b^. Stunted, 5 cm., with offsets. Leaves oblong-linear, lowest subspatulate. Heads 5, ses-
sile, cymose. magellanicum.
Aj. Woolly-tomentose.

b. Procumbent, 6 cm. tall. Heads few.

c. Leaves subovate, sparse. affine.

c2. Leaves sessile, linear-oblong. Stems filiform ; flowers yellowish. supinum.
b2. Ascending. Leaves spatulate-lanceolate to linear, amplexicaul. Terminal glomerules.

montevidense .
£3. Erect, simple.

c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, decurrent. Corymbs terminal, dense.

d. Leaves woolly on both surfaces. Heads paniculate. Scales pale yellow.

cheiranthifolium.

d2. Leaves velvety above, tomentose underneath. Heads compactly crowded.
Scales citrinous. citrinum,

i. GNAPHALIUM AFFINE d'Urv.

Stem slender, herbaceous, procumbent, only 6 cm. high, much branch-
ing and leafy. The flowering branches ascending, sparsely leafy. Heads
few, terminal, aggregate, narrowly cylindrical. Invohicral scales lanceo-
late, acuminate. Base of pedicels and bract-like leaves immersed in wool.

Spegazzini notes 3 leading forms of this species : ( i ) pusillum, leaves
ovate, obtuse ; scapes with 1-3 leaves and minute, crowded heads ; (2)
parvulum, leaves narrower, acutish ; scapes naked or with strict leaves,
heads more lax; (3) medium, leaves obovate to subspatulate, apically
rounded ; scapes slender, heads minute, bracteolate, crowded to inter-
ruptedly spicate.

Patagon., Chubut ; Magellan; Fuegia ; Navarin I.; Falklands.

2. G. ANTARCTICUM Hook. f.

Low, glabrous. Stem decumbent 3-5 cm. high, leafy at base, sparsely
leafy above. Heads subcapitate, rather large. Involucre scales lanceo-
late, acuminate, scarious, glabrous, pale brown. Achenes glabrous. Pap-
pus subpilose at base.

Falklands, concealed in grass.

8l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

3. GNAPHALIUM AXILLARE Remy.

Erect, subsimple; stem and leaves hoary. Basal leaves spatulate,
mucronulate ; cauline linear-mucronulate, non-decurrent ; the lowest bear-
ing in their axils a spike of heads. Spike short-peduncled, long and inter-
rupted, compound. Involucre ovate-oblong, the outer scales oval, acute ;
the inner oblong-linear, green at base, yellowish and obtuse at apex.

S. Patagon., by Dus£n at Puerto Madryn; Golfo de San Jorge.

. 4. G. CHEIRANTHIFOLIUM Lam.

The erect,' simple, herbaceous stem and the leaves on both surfaces hoary-
woolly. Leaves decurrent, linear-lanceolate, acute, undulate-crisp, floral
branches panicled. Heads terminally crowded, semiglobose-campanulate.
Involucral scales scarious, shining, pale yellow, oblong-linear, scarcely
acute. (Central flowers hermaphrodite.)

(Montevideo, etc.) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

5. G. CITRINUM Hook. & Arn. (= cheiranthifolium fide Ind. Kew.).

Herbaceous, erect, tomentose. Leaves very decurrent, linear-lanceo-
late, acute, velvety above, white-tomentose underneath. Corymbs termi-
nal ; heads crowded, ovate-campanulate. Invohicral scales oblong, obtuse,
citrinous, shining.

(Chili); Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge; Magellan.

6. G. FALCATUM Lam.

White-woolly, with many simple stems arising from the base. Radical
leaves subspatulate, obtuse, straight; cauline crowded, falcate-arcuate.
Heads sessile in the upper axils, and crowded in a spike. Invohicral
scales linear, glabrous, red-tipped.

Magellan.

7- G. FILAGINEUM DC.

Villous-hoary, erect, ascending, herbaceous annual. Leaves sessile,
linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, villous-hoary both surfaces. Spike leafy,
terminal, interrupted. Glomerules crowded at the axils, much shorter
than the leaf. Involucral scales lanceolate, acute, purplish.

(Brazil) ; Patagon., along Rio Negro and Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 817

8. GNAPHALIUM FRIGIDUM Wedd.

Glandular-tomentose, from a woody, branching rhizome, cespitose.
Stems or branches short, decumbent or diffuse, and ascending, glomeru-
liferous at apex. Leaves oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, acute, not (?)
decurrent. Heads densely glomerate, glomerules solitary. Involucre
hemispherical, scales scarious, obtuse, sordid-whitish. Female flowers
very many; disk-flowers hermaphrodite, about 18, with pappus-setce
coarsely thickened.

(Bolivia, etc., at snow-level) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cordilleras,
Feb. 1 6, 1897.

A specimen in Gray Herbarium from Peruvian Andes at 14,000 feet
(4,200 meters) above sea-level, is marked "var.fo/us angustioribus"

9. G. LUTEO-ALBUM Linn.

White-woolly, annual herb, with erect, simple or diffusely branching
stem. Lowest leaves obovate or oblong-spatulate, obtuse ; cauline semi-
amplexicaul, oblong-linear or lanceolate, acute. Heads glomerate-cymose.
Involucral scales scarious-hyaline, stramineous, acuminate.

(Cosmopolitan); N. Patagon., in sandy and damp places.

10. G. LYCOPODIUM Pers.

Stem woody, branching, the tops of the branches with thin, dense to-
mentum, forming a cross. ("Is it Lucilia or Oligandraf" DC.)
Magellan.

II. G. MAGELLANICUM Sch. Bip.

Stunted, 5 cm. high, with very short offsets. Leaves oblong-linear, the
lowest subspatulate ; villous-tomentose on both surfaces. Heads 5-6,
sessile, cymose. Involucre generally half as long as the pappus ; its scales
glabrous, weak, straw-brown, ovate, oblong, obtuse, striate, subincised above.
Achenes cylindraceous, sparsely hirt. The male plants unknown.

Magellan ; at Punta Arenas by the seaside.

12. G. MONTEVIDENSE Spreng.

Stem herbaceous, ascending, simple, woolly. Leaves sparse, amplex-
icaul, spatulate-lanceolate, linear, acutish, plane, woolly. Heads sessile
in terminal glomerules ; involucres yellow.

(Montevideo); Chubut, in rocky places.

8l8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

13. GNAPHALIUM MUCRONATUM Phil.

Perennial. Stems many, white-woolly. Leaves green above, hoary-
tomentose underneath, obovate-oblong, attenuate to a kind of petiole,
acuminate. Heads crowded at top of the stems. Involucral scales api-
cally fuscous.

(Chili); W. Patagon., by Rio Palena; E. Patagon., near Rio San
Martin. (Dusen.)

(G. mucronatum Berg, is Helichrysum mucronatum Less, of S. Afr.)

14. G. PURPUREUM Linn. (P. americanuni Mill.)
Herbaceous annual or biennial, with simple, erect stem, tomentose.
Leaves linear-spatulate ; upper ones oblong, tomentose underneath,
webby-glabrate on upper surface, sessile, or the lowest narrowed to a
petiole. Heads sessile, subspicate in the upper axils and terminally.
Involucral scales scarious, yellowish-brown or purplish, lance-oblong,
acutish, the outer woolly at the base. Achenes roughish. Pappus bristles
united at the base.

(Tropics and subtrop.); about Ajo(S. E. Arg.).
Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Magellan; Fuegia.

15. G. PURPUREUM SPHACELATUM (H.B.K.).

Silky-woolly. Leaves oblong-spatulate, mucronate. Heads crowded
in the upper axils, in a rather interrupted leafy spike. Involucral scales
linear, apically rufous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

1 6. G. SERPYLLIFOLIUM Remy.

Suffruticose and glabrous below, with many slender stems ; woolly
upwards. Leaves small, obovate-rotund, the upper subspatulate, obtuse,
mucronulate, non-decurrent, woolly both sides. Heads terminal, few
(3-5). Invohtcral scales linear, acute, sphacelate.

(Argentina) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

17. G. SPICATUM Lam.

Stem erect or ascending, hoary. Leaves narrowly oblong-spatulate,
the lower broader, the upper subdecurrent, glabrous or webby on the
upper surface. Floral leaves shorter, linear. (Fig. 97.)

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE.

819

(Quito; Brazil); S. Patagon., Falklands; FIG. 97.

Fuegia. "Abundant and variable."

Var. with all the leaves narrowed to a long peti-
ole and the flowers crowded in subsessile heads.

Chonos Archip.

1 8. GNAPHALIUM SPICIFORME Sen. Bip.
Perennial. Stems several, herbaceous, a span
high, ascending, slender, leafy, ending in an
interrupted spike. Leaves spatulate, linear-
oblong, hoary, webby-villous. Heads 3-5, ses-
sile in the upper axils, cylindraceous. Invohicral
scales oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, blackish brown,
i5-flowered, of which 12 are filiform females,
and 3 are hermaphrodite, tubular and ^-toothed.

~ •* Gnaphahum sptcatnm. — Spike,

Magellan, by Punta Arenas. slightly reduced ; also ray-flower (on

left), disk-flower (on right), and re-

19. G. SUPINUM Linn. Dwarf Cudweed. ceptacle with involucre (below).
-r i 1 . , 1-1 (From Flora antarctica. )

Low, herbaceous perennial, 3-7 cm. high,

with simple, filiform stem, and sessile, linear, oblong, webby-tomentose
leaves. Heads few, subsessile amid the upper leaves, oblong. Involucral
scales oblong, acuminate. Flowers yellowish. Papptts bristles distinct.
Achenes puberulous.

Alpine regions of Eurasia and N. Amer.

S. Fuegia, about Ushuaia, at elevations.

G. SUPINUM SUBACAULE Wahl.
Stem shorter than the leaves, and heads concealed by the leaves.

32. ADENOCAULON Hook.

Herbs, glandular especially at the inflorescence. Stems tall, sparsely
branching, with few or no leaves upwards. Basal leaves long-petioled,
white-tomentose below. Heads small, in a large panicle, disciform, heterog-
amous, 4-7 females surrounding as many sterile hermaphrodites. In-
volucre broad, its scales few (5), subequal, herbaceous. Receptacle naked.
Anthers basally entire or minutely toothed. Styles of female flowers
with short, broad branches. Achenes costate, gland-bearing. Pappus
none.

820 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Species 2, A. bicolor Hook, in Himalaya, Japan, and N. Amer., and the
following. A case of discontinuity. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p.
206, G-L.)

ADENOCAULON CHILENSE Less. (A. lechleri Sch. Bip.)

Leaves largely oval, rounded or subcordate at their base, slightly
toothed, or entire at their margin.

(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut; Magellan ; S. Fuegia, at Ushuaia.

33. PARTHENIUM Linn.

Mostly hairy, or hoary herbs or shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small
corymbose heads of both tubular and radiate, white or yellow flowers.
Involucre broad, its scales 2-3-seriate, appressed, subequal. Chaff sur-
rounding the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers about 5, their ligules short, 2-
lobed. Disk-flowers sterile. Anthers basi-entire. Achenes compressed,
bearing the persistent rays and pappus of 2—3 awns.

Species 10, N. Amer. to northern part of S. Amer.

P. HYSTEROPHORUS Linn.

Herbaceous annual, hispid below, hoary at top. Leaves variously
bipinnatipartite. Involucral scales acute. Papptis-scales oval-oblong,
obtuse, membranaceous. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 114, M, N.)

(Tex., by Mexico and W. Indies to S. Amer.; also Mauritius.) N.
Patagon., near Rio Negro.

34. AMBROSIA Linn. American Ragweed.

Monoecious or dioecious branching herbs or shrubs, with small heads of
green flowers, the staminate in spikes or racemes, the pistillate solitary or
few in the axils. Pistillate heads i -flowered, with 4-8 spines, without
petals or pappus. Staminate heads many-flowered, often with filiform
chaff, scarcely synantherous. (Flowers so far reduced as to have lost the
chief characters of Composites, the female flowers being naked and not strictly
capitate, and the males not having the anthers united.) (Fig. in Eng. &
Prantl, iv, 5, p. 222.)

Species 12, chiefly American.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 82 1

i. AMBROSIA SCABRA Hook. & Arn.

Stem scabrid. Leaves pinnate, callous-scabrid on the upper surface,
hirsute-pubescent underneath ; segments linear-lanceolate, acute, the lower
incised-pinnatifid. Racemes solitary, sometimes becoming a leafy panicle.

(Buenos Ayres, etc., in pastures) ; N. Paragon., by Rio Negro.

2. A. TENUIFOLIA Spreng.

Pilose ; lower leaves thrice-pinnatifid, with linear segments. Racemes
solitary, copiously paniculate. Male involucre with subentire orifice ;
female involucre hard, sparsely tubercled.

Annual herb, 60-90 cm. high, copiously branching. (Argentina) ; N.
Paragon., by Rio Negro.

35. XANTHIUM Linn. Cockle-bur.

Rough, monoecious annuals, with small >&Aft& of greenish, discoid flowers,
the male-heads many-flowered, clustered at the ends of the branches, the
females axillary, with 2 apetalous flowers. Males involucrate by distinct
scales, the filaments united but anthers separate, the receptacle chaffy.
Female heads with closed involucre covered by hooked spines. Corolla
none. Pappus none. Species 5, widely distributed. (Fig. in Eng. &
Prantl, iv, 5, p. 223.)

i. X. AMBROSIOIDES Hook. & Arn.

Spinose, tomentose-hoary. Stem procumbent. Leaves bipinnatifid,
the segments oblong, obtuse, marginally revolute. Female head solitary,
its spines slender, setiform, patent, apically hooked ; the terminal spine
stout and straight.

It has the foliage of Ambrosia with the fruit of Xanthium. A var. has
the female head with no stout spine.

N. Patagon. in fields by Rio Negro.

2. X. ITALICUM Moretti. (X. macrocarpum DC.)

Leaves cordate, cuneate in the sinus, 3-lobed, toothed. Fruiting in-
volucre ovate-oblong, hispid between the spines and at the base of the
beaks, which are apically hooked.
• N., Patagon., banks of Rio Negro.

822 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

3. XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Linn.

Strong, 3-partite spines at the base of the leaves, which are 3-lobate,
minutely puberulous above, hoary along the nerves and underneath.
Seines yellow, 25 mm. long.

(Eur. and N. Amer.); N. Patagon. ; the roasted fruits are used for
making a drink like coffee.

36. ECLIPTA Linn.

Branching herbs, with opposite leaves and small peduncled, terminal
and axillary heads of tubular and radiate, whitish flowers. Involucre
broad, its scales usually 2-seriate, herbaceous. Receptacle with awn-like
chaff subtending the achenes. Ray-flowers fertile ; disk flowers perfect,
mostly fertile, and mostly 4-toothed. Style-branches obtuse or with tri-
angular tips. Achenes thick, with rough sides. Pappus none, or a few
teeth.

Species 4, chiefly tropical.

E. ALBA Hassk.

Rough annual, 60 cm. high. Leaves nearly lanceolate, denticulate or
entire, narrowed to a sessile base, or some petioled. Rays short.
Achenes 4-toothed.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 227, E-H.)

(Trop. Amer., naturalized in U. S.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

37. WEDELIA Jacq.

Rough herbs or undershrubs, with opposite leaves and mediocre heads,
pediceled at the ends of branches or axillary. Flowers yellow, radiate,
all usually fertile. Involucral scales 2-seriate, the outer green. Chaff
embracing the flowers. Anthers basi-entire or sagittate. Style-branches
with acute appendages. Achenes thick, laterally compressed, or in the
ray triquetrous ; glabrous or hairy or tubercled. Pappus mostly cup-like
or with caducous awns. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 230, A.)

Species 60, in warm climates.

W. BUPHTHALMIFLORA Ltz.

Many erect stems from the woody root; branching decussately or
sparsely, with gray cortex, 50 cm. high. Leaves narrow, lanceolate,

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 823

entire, or broader and serrate, 3-nerved, revolute edged, 6 cm. long.
Flower-heads solitary, terminal, rather large, above the leaves. Invohicral
scales 4-seriate, the inner larger, passing into the receptacle-pales.
Achenes compressed, not winged, silky. Pappus of 3 pales, scarcely
united, lacerate above. Some short neuter flowers.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

38. SPILANTHES Jacq.

Branching herbs, with opposite leaves and rather small, long-peduncled,
discoid and radiate heads, or rayless. Involucre with green scales, 2-
seriate. Receptacle convex or elongated, chaffy about the achenes. An-
thers basitruncate. Style-branches of the disk long, often tufted. Achenes
3-sided (ray), or compressed. Papptis of 1-3 or more awns.

Species 30, in warm regions. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 237.)

S. ARNICOIDES DC. (S. helenioides Hook & Arn.)

Stem creeping, ascending, hirtellous, sparsely branching. Leaves crowded
at base, opposite, attenuate-cuneate to a long petiole, elliptical or ovate-
lanceolate, subdentate, smooth. Peduncle long, I -headed, erect, sparsely
puberulous; head subglobose. Involucral scales about 12, oval-oblong,
obtuse. Ligules 12-15, three times as long as the involucre. Achenes
of ray abortive, of disk ciliate, 2-awned. Corolla intense yellow.

(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., a campos plant ; "nim-nim," its root is chewed to
allay thirst.

S. ARNICOIDES LEPTOPHYLLA (DC.).

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

39. VERBESINA Linn, (including Ximenesia Cass.).

Mostly pubescent or scabrid herbs, with heads small to mid-sized, and
broad invohicre with few-seriate scales. Receptacle convex, chaffy, its
chaff enclosing the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers ligulate, white, pistillate or
neuter. Style-branches of disk with acute appendages ; the disk-achenes
flattened. Pappus of 1-3 subulate awns, sometimes with intermediate
scales.

Species 50, American, from southern United States to Patagon.

824 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

VERBESINA AUSTRALIS ( H ook & Arn. ) Baker. (Ximenesia microptera DC. )

Annual, with stems not winged. Leaves alternate, dorsally white-
tomentose ; lower leaves deltoid-petiolate, sharply serrate, the upper ses-
sile, basi-auriculate. Heads few, lax-corymbose. Ligules 10-12, large,
showy. Achenes narrowly winged ; awns short.

(Argentina, etc.); N. Patagon.; common along Rio Negro.

40. THELESPERMA Less.

Glabrous herbs, with opposite, linear or finely dissected leaves and long-
peduncled, mid-sized heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rayless.
Involucre broad, 2-seriate, the outer scales short, spreading, the inner
connate half-way, their tips scarious. Receptacle chaffy. Ray-flowers
neuter, yellow. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches obtuse. Achenes
papillose on the back, wingless. Pappus of 2 retrorsely hispid awns or
none.

Species 7, Amer., from southern United States to Patagon.

i. T. MEGAPOTAMICUM O. Ktze. (Spr. sub Bidens].

Leaves all bipinnatifid, linear-filiform, glabrous. Heads mostly in
pairs, peduncled, erect, discoid. Involucre colored, as long as the disk.
Achenes ?

(Brazil ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., common along Rio Negro.

2. T. SCABIOSOIDES LeSS.

Herb from woody root, 60 cm. high, of habit of Scabiosa columbaria
gramuntia DC. Glabrous, with many stems which are rigid, divided from
below into a subtrichotomous panicle, with spreading branches and long
peduncles. Leaves decussate, at least below, finely dissected ; their seg-
ments linear to 16 mm. long; passing to upper, simple, sessile, linear
leaves. Heads erect, homogamous. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p.
240, E-F.)

(Uruguay, etc.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

41. MADIA Molin. Tarweed.

Erect annuals, with entire leaves, and glandular, often scented pubes-
cence. Heads mostly radiate and heterogamous. Involucral scales i-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 825

seriate, carinate, embracing the outer achenes. Disk-flowers tubular,
5-cleft, their styles appendaged. Anthers basiobtuse. Achenes of ray
obovate-oblong, often laterally compressed and incurved. Pappus none.
Species 8, in Western N. Amer., and to Chili, etc.

MADIA SATIVA Molin.

Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, semiamplexicaul, oblong, en-
tire. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 249, C.)

(Chili, where an oil is expressed from its seeds, and it is cultivated) ;
Patagon. ; Magellan; N. and E. Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe plant; rather
rare in Fuegia ").

42. FLAVERIA Juss.

Herbs often yellowish, with opposite, narrow leaves and heads with few,
to only i, flowers, all fertile. Involucral scales 2-4, long, subequal,
sometimes with small, outer scales. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers with
very short ligules. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches of disk truncate.
Achenes 8-io-costate. Pappus none. Corollas yellow.

Species 8, of which 2 are spread over the whole tropics, especially in
W. Amer. One of these, F. contrayerva Pers. (fig. in Eng. & Prantl,
iv, 5, p. 259), is used as a vermifuge. F. australasica Hook., of tropical
E. Australia, is allied to species in S. Amer., W. Indies and Florida.

A species (undescribed) belonging to S. Argentina may be expected in
N. Patagon.

43. VILLANOVA Lag.

Diffuse, glandular, pubescent herbs, with at least the lower leaves oppo-
site, dissected ; and with small or midsized peduncled heads of yellow
flowers panicled or corymbose. Ray- and disk-flowers usually fertile. In-
volucre broad, its scales few, subequal, green, subtending the ray-flowers.
Receptacle small, naked. Anthers basisagittate. Style branches acute.
Achenes cuneate-oblong, truncate, triquetrous, glabrous. Pappus none.

Species 8, Colorado to Patagon.

V. PINNATIFIDA Lag.

Annual, with ternatisect leaves, opposite below, alternate upwards, their
segments pinnatifid.
Magellan.

826 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

44. ACTINELLA Pers.

Chiefly herbs, with alternate or radical leaves, entire or pinnately few-
lobed. Heads terminating the branches, mostly radiate, heterogamous,
yellow-rayed, resinous. Involucre broad, its scales 2-3-seriate, subequal,
rigid. Receptacle convex, naked. Anthers entire or basisagittate. Style-
branches dilated-truncate, pencilled. Achenes silky. Pappus of 5-12
awned, hyaline pales.

Species 17, N. Amer.

1. A. ANTHEMOIDES (Cass. sub Hymenoxys] Gray. (Actinea anthe-

modes O. Ktze.)

Heads discoid, homogamous. Invohicral scales obovate-subspatulate.
Not well known ; referred by DC. and A. Gray to Hymenoxys, a sub-
genus, having double involucre, the outer short and connate. (Fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 256, R.) ("Achenial hairs bicuspidate," Speg.
This character is common in many genera. See A. Gray's Revision of
Composite on genus Townsendia.}

N. Patagon., along Rio Negro.

2. A. HETEROPHYLLA (Juss. sub Actinea Cephalophora L.) H. & A.

A. HETEROPHYLLA LATIFOLIA O. KtZC.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate, the upper broader, 4 mm., entire.
Patagon.

45. GAILLARDIA Foug.

Pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and large, peduncled,
radiate heads, the rays cuneate, variously colored, or wanting. Involucre
broad, 2-3-seriate, herbaceous-tipped. Receptacle convex or globose,
often bristly. Teeth of disk-flowers with jointed hairs. Anthers basi-
sagittate. Style-branches appendaged. Achenes turbinate, 5-costate, vil-
lous. Pappus-scales 6-12, awned, i -nerved, exceeding the achene.

Species 12, chiefly in Central and N. Amer.

i. G. DONIANA Gris. (Cephalophora doniana H. & A.)
Hoary, suffruticose. Leaves linear, entire, acute. Invohicral scales
appressed. Heads radiate ; ray-corollas 3-lobed, of same color with the
disk. Pappus-pales 6-8, rather short. Achene yellow-silky.
Argentina.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 827

2. GAILLARDIA DONIANA DISCOIDEA Gris.

Radiate; but by the setose receptacle and the style-branches having a
long, hirt appendage Dallied to G. scabiosoides. Plant 30 cm. tall. Leaves
narrowly or broadly lanceolate-elliptical, acuminate, entire, 5 cm. by 4 cm.

(Argentina); N. Patagon.

3. G. MEGAPOTAMICA (Spr.) Baker.

Stems inconspicuously pilose. Leaves lanceolate, entire. Heads dis-
coid, solitary, long-peduncled. Invohicral scales lanceolate, shorter than
the disk. Pappus-pales 9-10, lanceolate, 2-3 times larger than the achene.

The largest species: "Tscho'ike catschu," Rhea-grass, its infusion is
sudorific.

(S. Brazil and Argentina, near rivers) ; N. Patagon. and by Bahia
Blanca.

4. G. SCABIOSOIDES Griseb. (= G. megapotamica?}.

Heads discoid, solitary, long-peduncled. Leaves oblong, deeply pin-
natifid ; the segments lanceolate, entire or sparsely toothed. Involucral
scales lanceolate, shorter than the disk. Pappus-pales 9-10, lanceolate,
2-3 times exceeding the achene. (Leaves varying, sometimes entire.)

(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

5- G. SCABIOSOIDES RADIATA.

Stem 22 cm. high, leafy at base. Leaves bipinnatisect, ovate in out-
line, to 4 cm. long. Ray exsert, its ligules trifid.
(Argentina, common by rivers) ; N. Patagon.

46. TAGETES Linn. South American Marigold.

Glabrous herbs, with oil-glands in the involucres and in the leaves.
Leaves mostly opposite and mostly pinnately dissected. Flowers yellow.
Involucre cylindraceous, i -seriate, connate. Receptacle naked. Ray-
flowers entire or 2-cleft. Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches truncate-
tufted or briefly appendaged. Achenes linear, attenuate with a basal cal-
lus. Pappus-pales 5-6, differing.

Species 20, Mex. and S. Amer., often cultivated in gardens.

(DC. Prodr. gives as the generic character, "leaves opposite or alter-
nate, " and several of its species are cited with alternate leaves. Benth.

828 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

& Hook, and also Eng. & Prantl, say " leaves opposite, " apparently by
an oversight, as Benth. & Hook, refer to T. glandulifera as in the genus.)

TAGETES GLANDULIFERA Schrk.

Heavy-scented annuals, with erect stem and short branches. Leaves
alternate, pinnatisect ; their segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate both
ways, serrate, 6-8 pairs and a terminal ; upper leaves subdecurrent, the
lower lobes of each aristate and small. Heads corymbose-fasciculate,
about 7 of them ending a branch. Ligttles 3, small.

(S. Brazil; Argentina; Chili); N. Patagon., in cultivated places by Rio
Negro.

47. DYSODIA Cav.

Mostly annual, strong-scented, branching herbs, with dissected, glandu-
liferous leaves and small, radiate heads of yellow flowers. Involucral
scales i -seriate, partly united, mostly with small outer scales. Recep-
tacle pubescent. Rays short. Anthers basally entire or toothed. Style-
branches long, hirsute. Achenes obpyramidal, 3-5-angled, striate. Pap-
Pus-scales 10 or more, parted into bristles.

Species 34, Southern and Western U. S. to Mex., and i in S. Amer.

D. BELENIDIUM (DC. sub Hymenatherum as a genus).

Erect undershrub, with basal leaves opposite, pinnatipartite, having 5
pairs of lateral lobes and a longer terminal, all subulate, rigid. Pedicels
long, i -headed, naked. Involucral scales united throughout. Pappiis-
scales 10-20, ending in 1-7 awns.

(Chili; Argentina) ; N. Patagon., in rocky places by Rio Negro.

48. ANTHEMIS Linn. Camomile.

Herbs or undershrubs, often scented, with pinnatifid or dissected, alter-
nate leaves, and rather large, peduncled heads of yellow disk-flowers, and
white or yellow rays ending the branches. Involucre hemispheric, its
scales imbricated, several-seriate, scarious-margined, shorter outwards.
Receptacle convex, with chaff subtending the disk-flowers. Anthers basi-
obtuse. Style-branches in the disk truncate. Ac hems oblong, ribbed.
Pappus none, or a ring.

Species 100, Europe and Mediterr. region ; a few introduced to Amer.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 271.)

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 829

ANTHEMIS COTULA Linn.

Glabrous, glandular, fetid annual. Leaves finely dissected into sub-
filiform spreading segments. Ray-flowers 10-18, white, neutral.

(Eur., naturalized in N. and S. Amer.) ; Patagon., at Rawson by mouth
of Rio Chubut (Dusen). Near RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.

49. ACHILLEA Linn. Yarrow.

Herbs, with erect, leafy stem, the leaves alternate, finely dissected or pin-
natifid, or serrate ; and terminal corymbs of small heads, with yellow
disks and white or pink rays. Involucral scales few-seriate, imbricating,
smaller outwards. Receptacle with subtending chaff. Anthers basi-obtuse.
Style-branches truncate. Achenes oblong to obovate. Pappus none.

Species 80, in N. Temperate regions, especially of Old World.

A. MILLEFOLIUM Linn.

Leaves finely dissected into narrow, pinnatifid segments, tomentose or
glabrous. Involucre ovoid.

(N. Temp, regions of both Hemispheres, also in S. Austral, and N.
Zeal.); Magellan (Dusen).

50. COTULA Linn.

Low, cespitose or creeping herbs, with alternate, pinnately divided or
toothed leaves ; and rather small, heterogamous, disciform heads. Invo-
lucre broad, 2-seriate. Receptacle naked. Corollas of outer flowers con-
ical or none; of disk 4-merous. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches
truncate or obtuse. Achenes compressed. Pappus none, or auriculiform.

Species 40, in temperate and warmer parts of Old World ; also with
the section Leptinella, including 18 species, in the Southern Hemisphere.

(LEPTINELLA, subgenus.)

Receptacle at length conical ; the female flowers several-seriate, the
achenes 2-costate or 2-winged.

Species 18, in Australia, New Zeal, and Chatham I. and the following
which are most of them, common to Australia and Western America.

i. C. AOENOIDES (Hook. & Arn. sub Leptinella}.
Stoloniferous, subvillous. Leaves spatulate, pinnatifid, with oval seg-
ments, here and there incise-toothed ; the lower smaller, the upper greater

830 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

and thin segments approximate. Involucral scales 5, in i series, scarious-
margined. "No ligulate or marginal female flowers in ours" (H. & A.).
"=C. reptans" (Index Kewensis).

(Australia); Fuegia, Ushuaia; Cape Horn; Staaten Id.; W. Patagon.,
at Cape Tres Montes.

Var. major. Less villous; leaves subglabrous, lobes distant. Head
larger. At Valdivia. (C. reptans Benth. occurs in Australia and Tas-
mania, as also the var. major.']

2. COTULA AUSTRALIS (LeSS.) Hook. f.

Slender, much branched, 5-10 cm. high, flaccid, glabrous, hairy or
woolly at nodes. Leaves 1 2-25 mm. long, pinnatifid once or twice ; the
Jobes linear, entire. Heads minute, 2 mm. broad, on long, slender pe-
duncles. Involucral scales 2-seriate, linear-oblong, membranous. Ray-
flowers 3-seriate, pediceled; no corolla. Achenes obovate, winged, the
wing apically bifid, glandular on inner side. Disk-flowers tubular, 4-
toothed, glandular.

(N. Zeal., Tasmania; Australia; S. Africa; Tristan); Patagon. (?).

3. C. HOMBRONI Franchet.

"One-third the size of C. scariosa and much more velvety." Leaves
with indistinct petiole, pinnatipartite, with segments contiguous, oboval,
crenate or entire, long-prostrate, rooting. Heads 6 mm. in diameter;
involucral scales glabrescent, 1-3 outer ovate-deltoid, the inner orbic-
ulate, black-tipped.

Magellan, by Hombron.

4- C. PEDUNCULARIS (DC.).

Small, glabrous, prostrate, creeping. Leaves petiolate, sinuate-pinnat-
ifid, sharply toothed, the segments very narrow. Peduncles terminal, sol-
itary or corymbed. Involucral scales imbricating, orbicular, pale-mar-
gined. Ray-flowers bilabiate.

(Quito); Patagon., by Savatier.

[C. PLUMOSA.

Hirsute, with long, lax hairs. Leaves long-petiolate, linear, oblong,
obtuse, tripinnatifid, the ultimate segments subulate. Terminal and lat-

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSIT/E. 831

eral peduncles solitary, as long as the petiole. Involucre i -seriate. Fe-
male corollas cordate-ovate. Flowers not glandular.

Found in N. Zeal., Auckland I. and Kerguelen ; not yet found in Amer.

"One of the few plants common to Lord Auckland's Group and Ker-
guelen's Land which do not exist in Fuegia." (J. D. Hooker.)]

5. COTULA REPTANS Benth.

Dioecious, stoloniferous, subvillous. Leaves petiolate, pinnatisect; the
segments oval-oblong, subarcuate, incised-toothed in places ; the lower
leaves smaller. Heads long-peduncled. Male involucral scales 5-6, in
i series; female 20, in 3 series.

S. Patagon., Gregory Bay, RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.

(C. reptans Boj. is Sphceranthus cotuloides of Madagascar.)

6. C. SCARIOSA (Leptinella scariosa Cass.) Franch.

Stem prostrate, rooting here and there, the leafy branches villous.
Leaves glabriusculous ; the lowest linear, petiole-form at their base, at
their apex lyrate-pinnatifid. Peduncle scapiform, villous. Rays ligulate.

(S. Chili); E. and W. Magellan to Cape Horn ; chiefly in forest regions.

51. ABROTANELLA Cass.

Glabrous, dwarf perennials, with small, alternate, entire, fleshy leaves,
and small, terminal heads sessile among the leaves, solitary or crowded,
disciform and heterogamous. Involucre campanulate, 2-3-seriate. Re-
ceptacle naked. Female corollas 3-4-toothed ; hermaphrodites 4-cleft.
Anthers basiobtuse. Style-branches short, truncate. Achenes glabrous,
dorsally compressed or 4-angular. Papptis none, or coroniform, or 4
teeth or bristles.

Species 12, N. Zeal., Auckland I.; Campbell I.; Australia (Victoria);
Rodriguez I.; Fuegia.

I. A. EMARGINATA CaSS.

Moss-like herb. Leaves imbricately crowded, broad, scarious-edged,
bifid at apex. Heads solitary, terminal.

Magellan to Cape Horn ; abundant in the Falklands.

2. A. LINEARIFOLIA A. Gray.

Small, lax-cespitose, with linear or broader, entire leaves, the upper as
long as the peduncled head. Involucral scales oval, 2-3-nerved. Female

832 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

flowers 2-3 ; hermaphrodites 6—8 ; all fertile. Achenes glabrous, long-
obovate, 4-costate. Pappus truncate, 4-toothed or 4-awned.
Fuegia, near Cape Horn.

3. ABROTANELLA SUBMARGINATA A. Gray.

Pulvinate-cespitose. Leaves many, linear, callous-margined, -spread-
ing, obtuse. Heads solitary, few-flowered. Involucral scales i -nerved.
Achenes obscurely 3~4-nerved. Pappus coroniform.

Magellan ; Fuegia, by Orange Harbor.

52. ARTEMISIA Linn. Wormwood.

Odorous herbs or shrubs, often hoary, with alternate leaves, and small
discoid heads of greenish or yellowish flowers. Involucral scales few-
seriate, shorter outwards. Receptacle without chaff. Anthers basi-obtuse.
Style-branches truncate. Achenes oblong, 2-ribbed or striate, usually
with a superior disk. Pappus none. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 281.)

Species 200, chiefly of the Northern Hemisphere.

A. MAGELLANICA Sch. Bip.

Herbaceous, i -many-stemmed; stems leafy, spicate, racemose. Leaves
pinnatipartite, segments 2-3, or only i pair ; oblong-lanceolate, acute,
with resinous dots. Raceme perfoliate, simple or branching below.
Heads axillary upwards, subsessile, erect, many-flowered. Involucral
scales rounded, their margin pale-yellow, scarious. Achenes ovate,
cuneate, glabrous. Pappus none.

(Chili ; Argentina) ; Patagon. ; Chubut ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; Magellan ; E.
Fuegia (Dusen, "a steppe-plant").

53. MELALEMA Hook. f.

Low, cespitose herb, with alternate, spatulate, entire, crowded leaves,
tomentose underneath ; and solitary, sessile, discoid heads among the
upper leaves. Involucral scales many-seriate, silvery-tomentose, apically
sphacelate. Receptacle naked. Anthers basi-obtuse. Style-branches
linear, truncate. Marginal flowers female, tubular. Achenes oblong,
glabrous. Pappus setose.

Species only i, viz:

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 833

MELALEMA HUMIFUSUM Hook. f.
Prostrate, emitting long fibers ; with leafy branches.
Fuegia, on mountain top near Blossom Bay.

54. CULCITIUM Humb. & Bonp.

Perennial herbs, with radical or alternate, usually entire leaves; and
mediocre or large, yellow, monogamous, discoid heads. Invohicre broad,
its scales many-seriate, smaller outwards. Receptacle naked. Anthers
basally entire or subentire. Style-branches truncate, pencilled. Ac hems
oblong-linear, many-striate, glabrous. Papptis-seta copious.

Species 14, Andine. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, p. 292.)

i. C. MAGELLANICUM Homb. & Jacq.

Entirely silky-tomentose. Leaves radical, linear-lanceolate or narrower,
long, acute, appressed-hairy, the margins revolute. Scapes with .1 head :
the involucre woolly.

S. Patagon., Gregory Bay, Magellan ; by Hatcher at Cabo Negro, Jan.
13; chiefly in the steppes; Fuegia, Ushuaia, Navarin I.

2. C. SESSILE Speg.

Pulvinate-cespitose, 5-10 cm. high, 20 cm. broad, appressed-sil very-
silky. Leaves crowded, linear, entire, revolute-margined ; their apex
attenuate, acute, with a setula ; their base subattenuate and spreading to
a villous periclad. Heads solitary on the branches, sessile amid the leaves,
campanulate, erect. Involucral scales woolly, shorter than the disk.
Corolla ochroleucous. Stigmas ferruginous.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

55. SENECIO Linn. Groundsel.

Plants of varying habit, usually herbs, in temperate climates. Heads
radiate (or sometimes rayless). Involucral scales i-2-seriate, erect, sub-
equal, or with small, outer bracteoles. Receptacle naked. Anthers basi-
obtuse, or nearly so. Style-branches often spreading, truncate, pencilled.
Achenes 5-io-costate. Pappus-setce copious, fine, entire to barbellate.

Species 1,200, cosmopolitan ; with great variety as to size of heads, etc.
(S. jacobcea L. is the troublesome ragweed of Britain, not the American
ragweed; S. vnlgans L. is the British groundsel, the favorite of the

834 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

canary-bird ; S. johnstoni Oliv. of tropical Africa is a tree ; and 5. humil-
litmts Sch. Bip. of the Andes is low and cespitose.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Monocephali. Heads solitary on the scape or branches.
b. Heads discoid.
c. Herbs.

d. Glabrous, with scape. Leaves fleshy, linear-spatulate, toothed. Involucral tips

sphacelate. kingii.

</2. Low, many-stemmed perennial, tomentose when young. Leaves linear, the

upper few, setaceous. Involucre green. magellanicus.

C2. More or less shrubby.

d. Leaves glabrous-warty, narrow, broader toward apex. Branches nearly naked.

Heads calyculate. Flowers I cm. long. verruculosus.

d2. Leaves glabrous on underside, very narrow, smaller upwards. Low, cespitose.

miser-tehuelches.
d$. Somewhat webby ; leaves linear.

e. Upper leaves broader, 3 -lobed. Heads "homogamous." allceophyllus.
e2. Branches naked above. Leaves often 2 -toothed. beaufilsii.

d^. Hoary undershrub. Leaves crowded, spatulate, with a long sheath.

vaginczfolius .
d$. Leaves crowded at base, densely glandular, small, linear. Branches scape-like.

Heads broad, sparsely calyculate. Flowers 6 mm. long. hatcherianus.
b2. Heads radiate.

c. Stems or branches scapiform upwards.

d. Fleshy rhizome, sending up leafy shoots and leafless scapes. Leaves spatulate,

petiolate. Heads large. kurtzii.

d2. Low, tomentose ; stems leafy below, scapiform above. Head calyculate.
e. Leaves linear, scarious, broader upwards. tunicatus.

e2. Leaves about oblong, black-tipped. pceppigii.

d$. Glabrous. Leaves spatulate, trifurcate, some fasciculate. trifurcatus.

c2. Heads terminal on branches.

d. Branches few-leaved to naked upwards.

e. Webby. Leaves linear-spatulate. Heads small. alboffiana.

€2. Subtomentose. Leaves linear, entire, obtuse ; upper fewer, acute.

argenteus.

e$. Woolly. Leaves linear, spatulate, 3-toothed. ceratophyllus.

^4. Glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear. Head long-stalked, calyculate. Achene

hispid. laricifolius.

e$. Glabrous, branches many, leafless above. Leaves subspatulate, 3~5-cleft.

Ligules scarlet. hypsopliilus.

e6. Silky. Leaves narrow-linear, crowded at base of branches, these nearly leaf-
less above.

f. Involucral scales 20, acuminate. morenonis.

f2. Involucral scales about 15, acute, tomentose. sericeo-nitens.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSIT/E.

835

Leaves linear, entire, the upper few small.

Involucral tips subus-
polyphyllus.

eightsii.
darwinii.
chilensis.
Leaves fleshy, linear; with axillary fas-

fasciculatus.

Leaves linear, to obovate,
littoralis.

ej. Puberulous.

tulate.

dz. Branching profuse. Woolly shrubs.

e. Leaves narrow, deeply 3 -cleft.

£2. Leaves cuneate, 3-lobed, etc.

^3. Leaves linear, entire.

</3. Branching dichotomous, tomentose.

cicles.
^4. Erect, glabrous, with large heads on leafy branches.

entire.

A2. Oligocephali. Heads usually 1-3, corymbed.
b. Discoid.

c. Tomentose perennial, with 1-8 mid-sized heads. Leaves oblong, dark -tipped.

micropifolius.
C2. Shrubs or undershrubs.

d. Low, with glabrous, fleshy, pectinate leaves. Stem long.
d2. Low, branching, with small, sessile leaves and heads.
d$. Low, viscous. Leaves narrow-spatulate, wavy.
d^. Erect, woolly. Leaves spatulate, entire.
b2. Radiate.

c. Glabrous herb. Leaves obovate, basi-cuneate. Heads 3.
C2. Glabrous shrub. Leaves subcylindrical.
£-3. Woolly shrub. Leaves sublanceolate, revolute.
^•4. Hoary. Stem scape-like. Leaves oval, fleshy.
'd. Achenes hispid.
d2. Achenes white-pubescent.
A$. Subcorymbosi. Heads few, corymbed.
b. Discoid.

c. Herb. Tomentose. Leaves oblong, dark-tipped.
C2. Undershrubs.

d. Glandular, leafy upwards ; leaves subsphacelate, toothed.
d2. Subglabrous, erect. Bracteolate.

e. Leaves very narrow, revolute. Heads long-stalked.
e2. Leaves broad-linear, entire.
d$. Webby to silvery. Leaves linear.

e. Leaves mostly crenate. Achenes puberulous.
e2. Leaves fleshy, naked upwards.
d^. Webby. Leaves linear-oblong, entire. Heads broad, calyculate.

( patagonicus) microcephalus.
d^. Leaves webby underneath, green above, linear, entire, fleshy. Branches woolly.

Heads calyculate. lechleri.

b2. Radiate.

c. Herbs.

d. Glabrous.

e. Leaves subspatulate, cuneate-petiolate, few. cuneatus.

(2. Leaves pinnatifid. Corymbs long-stalked. Achenes silky, delfini.

hanthalii.
nordenskjoldii.
miser,
leucomallus.

cuneatus.

pachyphyllus.

falklandicus.

gillesii.
gillesianus.

micropijolius.
dumosus.

longipes.
arnotti.

psammophilus.
xanthoxylon.

836 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

d2. Silky. Leaves narrow-linear, crowded at base. palence.

c2. More or less fruticose.

d. Glabrous. Leaves oblong-cuneate, toothed apically. Branches naked upwards.

hirthi.
dz. Glabrous and calyculate.

e. Leaves linear, pinnatifid. Calyculus long. chrysocomoides.

e2. Leaves broader, pinnatipartite ; segments 6-8 pairs. desideratus.

eT,. Leaves linear-subulate, sometimes pinnatifid. Calyculus short.

subulatus.
f4. Leaves linear, entire, attenuate. Pedicels long. Involucre black-tipped,

floccose. linariafolius.

e$. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, pinnatifid. Involucre green.

dusenii.

d$. Leaves crowded, pinnatipartite. pinnalus.

d^. Tomentose.

e. Leaves broad-linear.

/. Leaves acute, with recurved edges. Heads stalked, rather large.

andersoni,

/2. Leaves obtuse. Heads i-few. flaccidus.

f$. Leaves subpectinate, some with stipelliform lobes. stipellatus.

e2. Leaves broad-ovate, deeply pinnatifid. Heads broad, woolly.

candolleanus.

A^. Corymbosi. Heads numerous, corymbed.
b. Discoid.
c. Herbs.

d. Woolly. Leaves ovate, crenate, the upper sessile, entire. Heads umbellately

stalked. candidans.

d2. Glabrate, puberulent. Leaves pinnatifid. Achenes hoary. vulgaris.
c2. More or less fruticose.

d. Glabrous. Heads bracteolate.

e. Leaves about oblong, auricled. Involucre -tips floccose. latvicaulis.

e2. Upper leaves oblong-panduriform. Heads small, broad. subpanduratus.
d2. Hoary, becoming glabrous. Leaves linear, entire. necei.

d$. Webby. Tall. Leaves oblong, revolute. hyadesii.

b2. Radiate.
c. Herbs.

d. Glabrous, bracteolate.

e. Leaves pinnatifid. glaber.

e2. Leaves rhombo-hastate, narrowing upwards. hualtata.

d2. Leaves glabrous-pubescent, subovate, the lower petiolate. Heads broad. .

acanthifoliJis:
d$. Lower leaves 2, oblong, petiolate ; upper amplexicaul, somewhat webby. Heads

rather large. fistulosus.

d^. Tall, woolly. Leaves lance-oblong, the upper sessile. Heads large, calyculate.

pulcher.
c2. More or less fruticose.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 837

d. Glabrous.

e. Leaves linear, entire or 2-toothed. Bracts crowded, setaceous, ibari.
e2. Leaves pinnately lobed. incisus.

e^. Leaves large, broad, pinnatifid, the upper amplexicaul. Tall. Heads mid-
sized, auriculatus.
d2. Hoary-tomentose.
e. Leaves linear.

/. Branches becoming naked, white. albicaulis.

/2. Low. Silky tomentose when young. scriceus.

fa. Leaves fascicled, revolute-margined. Heads small, constricted.

danyausi.

e2. Tall. Leaves oblong, basicordate. Heads large. smithii.

e$. Prostrate. Leaves rather narrow, often cuneate, trifid. darwinii.

£3. Radiate and calyculate. Shrubs.

c. Glabrous. Leaves linear, entire. bracteolatus.

c2. Glaucous-glabrous. Leaves pectinate. Heads tomentose. ctenophyllus.

c$. Tomentose. Leaves linear-subulate, entire. caricifolius.

c4. Scabrous. Leaves broad-linear. Entire. Heads broad. limbardioides.

A$. Paniculati. Heads numerous, panicled.

b. Discoid. Appressed, silky shrub. Leaves linear. doeringii.

b2. Subdiscoid. Glabrous herb. Leaves broad-lanceolate, basicordate. otites.
£3. Radiate.

c. ^Woolly herb. Leaves fleshy, subreniform, glabrate on upper surface, websteri.

c2. Tomentose shrub, with white branches. Leaves pinnatifid. Heads twice as long as

broad. leucostachys.

A6. Various.

b. Involucral scales I -seriate, with membranous, sublacerous margins, shorter than the

flowers.

c. Branching from the base. laseguei.

C2. Prostrate, branching, tomentose. Leaves oblong, linear, sessile, entire.

exilis.
b2. Heads i— 8 on the branches, radiate, smooth, calyculate, leaves linear-filiform.

mendocinus.
&$. Large cottony leaves : odor of celery. Rest unknown. candicans.

i. SENECIO ACANTHIFOLIUS Homb. & Jacq.

Corymbose. Erect, glabrous or pubescent herbs. Stem hollow, simple,
sulcate. Lower leaves long-petioled, oblong-ovate, basicordate, margins
lobed, the lobes coarsely crenate ; petioles winged, sheathing at base.
Upper leaves sessile, semi-amplexicaul. Heads radiate. Invohtcre broad,
its scales i -seriate.

Magellan and Fuegia, to Cape Horn, passim. Handsome and abun-
dant in the woods and by streams, " in steppe-regions and forest-regions
of mean moisture."

838

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

2. SENECIO ALBICAULIS Hook. & Arn.

Compound corymb. Hoary tomentose shrub, at length naked ; with
white, smooth branches. Leaves linear, obtuse, somewhat fleshy, their
margins entire or rarely pinnatifid. Invohicre cylindric to campanulate,
shorter than the flowers ; its scales about 14, linear-acute, subsphacelate at
the apex.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. S. ALBOFFIANUS (Alboff sine nomine).

Near S. miser Hook. Heads solitary on branches. Rhizome long-
fibrillose, branching, bearing many stems. Stems low, 8-10 cm., naked
and scarred at the base, densely leafy and branching upwards, the branches
ending in a 10-15 mm- peduncle and head. Leaves linear-spatulate,
attenuate-petiolate, entire or toothed near apex ; the upper webby to
tomentose. Heads small, campanulate. Involucral scales linear, their
margin broad scarious. Flowers ?

Fuegia, Ushuaia.

4. S. ALLOEOPHYLLUS O. Hoffmann.

Branches i -headed. Undershrub, with smooth, leafy branches. Lower
F g leaves linear or narrow-spatulate, entire ; upper leaves obo-
vate, broad-cuneate, sessile, 3-lobed at apex, margin revolute,
webby at least on under surface. Heads on short, terminal
peduncles, with a few linear, acute bracts, homogamous.
Involucral scales oblong, webby at base. Style-branches
long, truncate. Achenes glabrous. Pappus snow-white.
(Fig. 98.)
S. Fuegia, on mountains. (O. Nordenskjold.)

5. S. ANDERSONI Hook. f.

Heads few. Stem ascending, laxly woolly. Leaves sub-
erect or spreading, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, sub-
flaccid, acute or acuminate, entire or apically lobed ; margins

-, T , 1 ' 111

recurved, woolly. Heads rather large, long- and slender-
stem and flower- pediceled. Invohicre broad, its scales linear, arachnoid or
head (after o. smooth, shorter than the disk.

Hoffman).

Near S. patagomcus.
Magellan, E. and W. Fuegia, and S. Fuegia, by Rio Olivaia.

Senecw allceo-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 839

Var. (i) With the lower leaves broader and lobed.

(2) With leaves linear, entire.

(3) A more woolly form at Ushuaia.

(4) A white-woolly i -headed form at Ushuaia.

6. SENECIO ARGENTEUS G. Kze.

Branches i -headed, appressed, sub-tomentose, striate. Stem ascend-
ing from a woody base. Leaves linear, entire, obtuse, the upper fewer
and acute. Involucre campanulate, scarcely bracteolate, its scales about
20, acute, subustulate. Ligules 25 mm., linear-oblong. Achenes hirt-
pubescent.

(Chili, on rocky parts) ; Patagon. (Moreno).

7. S. ARNOTTI Hook. f.

Corymbose, discoid. Erect undershrub, glabrous or obscurely glandular-
hairy. Branches erect, leafy, simple. Leaves solitary or subfasciculate,
coriaceous, broad-linear or oblong-linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, margins
revolute, rib underneath puberulous. Heads 4—12, broad, with long
pedicels and subulate, bracteate leaflets. Involucral scales narrowly linear-
lanceolate, acuminate. Achenes hispid-puberulous.

Magellan; Fuegia, at Orange Harbor (specimen in Gray Herb.); S.
Patagon., by J. B. Hatcher.

S. ARNOTTI DENTATUS.

With coarsely toothed leaves.

8. S. AURICULATUS Alboff.

Corymbose. Tall, to 1-2 m., glabrous, with fistular stem, ending in the
lax, about lo-headed inflorescence. Leaves large, membranaceous ; the
lower long-petioled ; the upper sessile, amplexicaul ; broad, oblong-obtuse,
subcordate at base, pinnately lobed, the lobes rounded and lobulate, and
their sublobes crenate-dentate ; the uppermost leaves lance-oblong, acutely
toothed. Petioles with 2-4 small, amplexicaul lobes ; the upper leaves only
with large auricles. Peduncles rather long. Heads mid-sized. Involu-
cral scales few, linear, acute. Ray-flowers white.

S. Fuegia, in Navarin I., beautiful.

840

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

9. SENECIO BEAUFILSII O. Ktze.

Head solitary, discoid. Small shrub, 50 cm., erect, branching, tomen-
tose in youth, leafy below, rather naked upwards. Leaves sessile, linear,
entire or rarely 2-toothed, obtuse, margin Yeflexed. Involucre shorter
than the disk, 15 mm., campanulate, scales i-seriate, 12, equal, lanceolate,
glabrescent. Bracteoles 2-3, small. Achenes glabrous.

S. Patagon., Sta. Cruz ("may be S. sericeus necei with single head."
O. Ktze.)

S. BEAUFILSII TONINII O. KtZC.

With very many paucidentate leaves.
Patagon.

10. S. BRACTEOLATUS Hook. & Arn.

Heads many, corymbose, crowded, longer than broad, each 12 mm. in

diameter. Glabrous shrub, with linear, acute leaves, 25 mm. long, entire.

Pedicels with numerous bracteoles, which are small, subulate, with white,

glandulous tip. Involucre ovoid, attenuate, calyculate ; its scales about

F 10, lanceolate, acute, subsphacelate,

not as long as the corollas. Achenes
glabrous.

S. Patagon., by RR. Gallegos and
Sta. Cruz.

ii. S. CANDICANS DC (non Wall.).

Tall, with odor of celery. Leaves
large, white, cottony.

Magellan, Bay Ste. Marie (by
Heriot, May 7, 1 883, only the leaves).
Fuegia, in maritime dunes.

12. S. CANDIDANS (Vahl) DC.
Corymbose umbel, discoid heads.
Erect, simple, woolly herb, with rad-

Senecio candidans. — Leaf: flower-head and one ical and inferior leaves, broadly peti-
of the flowers. (From Flora antarctica. )

crenate; the upper leaves

sessile, elliptic-oblong, entire. Heads 7-8 ; on long, woolly peduncles,
i-headed. Involucral scales rather shorter than the disk, narrow, apically
glabrate. (Fig. 99.)

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 841

Magellan ; Fuegia, passim ; S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine and Rio
Gallegos ; Falklands. "Abounds in sandy beaches, chiefly in the eastern
parts."

A specimen in the Gray Herbarium has leaves very broad and woolly,
the lower leaves subcordate, 12 cm. broad, on a 17 cm. petiole.

13. SENECIO CANDOLLEANUS (Hook. & Arn.) O. Ktze.

Corymbed. Shrub white-tomentose, velvety. Leaves with flat petiole,
broadly ovate in outline, deeply pinnatifid, the segments 6-7, broadly
linear, patent, acutish, slender-costate. Heads few. Involucres broad,
densely woolly; the scales about 18, obtuse, shorter than the corolla.

(Argentina); coast of Patagon. "Leaves like a coarse Artemisia" ;
occasionally with some entire.

14. S. CARICIFOLIUS (Hook. & Arn.).

Compact corymb. Shrubby, white, tomentose at first, less crowded
near the flowers, becoming glabrous. Branches fasciculate, long. Leaves
linear-subulate, acute, entire, margin revohite. Involucre brown, cylin-
draceous, calyculate, its scales 10—12, narrow-linear, shining.

(Bahia Blanca) ; N. Patagon. ; S. Patagon., by RR. Gallegos and Sta.
Cruz.

15. S. CERATOPHYLLUS D. Don.

Heads solitary on few-leaved, angulate branches. Undershmbs webby,
with deciduous wool. Leaves linear-spatulate, mucronate, plane, 3-
toothed at apex, or the uppermost entire. Involucre campanulate, its
scales subulate, few-bracteolate, not apically sphacelate. Ligiiles about 14,
broad-linear.

(Chili ; Brazil); Patagon., Magellan.

A var. with larger branches and leaves, the uppermost leaves entire.

1 6. S. CHILENSIS Less. (S. ceratophylloides Gris.)
Heads terminal, solitary, erect. Much branching and ascending.

White-tomentose. Leaves sessile, linear-entire. Involucre campanulate ;

its scales i -seriate, narrowly linear, acuminate, non-sphacelate. Ligules

4-nerved, 3-toothed.

(N. Patagon., " Leaves rather larger than in Grisebach's description, to

68 mm. "); S. and W. Patagon., in Valley of Rio Aysen (Dusen).

842 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

17. SENECIO CHRYSOCOMOIDES Hook. & Arn.

Corymb of 2-5 heads. Glabrous shrubs, 20 cm. high, with fascicled
branches. Leaves linear, straight, deeply pinnatifid, their segments few
(2-4), narrow-linear, short, straight. Heads 6 mm. in diameter. Invo-
lucre ovate, basiacute, long-calyculate, its scales about 10, lax, subulate,
shorter than the corollas.

Patagon., on east coast.

1 8. S. CTENOPHYLLUS Phil.

Corymb lax. Glaucous-glabrous shrubs, with pectinate leaves, the lobes
of the lower leaves toothed. Peduncles capillary, as long as the bracteo-
late, tomentose heads. Invohicral scales 10—12, apically sphacelate.
Ligules about 6. Achenes silvery puberulous.

Remarkable for the pectinate form of its leaves and for its tomentose
heads.

(Chili, Desert of Atacama); Patagon.

19. S. CUNEATUS Hook. f.

Corymb 3-headed, with few leaves. Glabrous herb, with ascending,
sulcate stem, leafy below. Most of the leaves on short branches, obovate-
spatulate, basicuneate, attenuate-petiolate, coarsely and irregularly toothed,
subcoriaceous. Heads radiate, their pedicels i -leaved at base. Involucre
broad, its scales i -seriate, linear.

Magellan.

20. S. DANYAUSII Homb. & Jacq.

Corymbed. Slender undershrub, branching at the base, laxly woolly.
Leaves fascicled, linear or linear-oblong, subacute, entire or coarsely
toothed, margins revolute, woolly especially underneath. Heads small,
campanulate, constricted in the middle. Invohicral scales linear-sub-
acute, webby, shorter than the disk.

"Distinguished from S. micropifolius DC. by its leaves being often
linear-cuneiform, trilobed at apex." (Franchet.)

Magellan; by Hatcher in S. Patagon.; W. Patagon., near Rio Aysen
(Dusen) ; in valley of Rio Gallegos ; in Fuegia, at Ushuaia, and passim,
as a steppe plant, and the commonest species of this genus.

Var. (i) with leaves entire and larger heads; (2) with leaves toothed
and smaller heads.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 843

SENECIO DANYAUSII LOBATIFOLIUS Homb. &Jacq.

Leaves serrate or pinnatifid.
E. Fuegia (Dusen).

S. DANYAUSII PINNATIFIDUS Mad., Fl.

Very like S. danyausii lobatifolius, except that the leaves are somewhat
more deeply serrate or pinnatifid. (Determined by Dr. O. Hoffmann.)
By Hatcher at Rio Sta. Cruz, S. Patagon., Jan., 1897.

21. S. DARWINII Hook. & Arn.

Heads radiate. Low, prostrate shrubs, much branching. Leaves
woolly, much as in S. falklandiciis, but generally cuneate and trifid or tri-
lobate or repand-dentate. Peduncles long, or heads sessile among the
upper leaves.

Magellan, Fuegia.

S. DARWINII ERADIATUS Gray.

Low, condensed, leaves small. Ligules none.
Fuegia, at Orange Harbor.

22. S. DELFINI Phil.

Corymb lax, many-headed. Tall, glabrous herb, with simple, fistulous
stem. Leaves pinnatifid, to 9 pairs, the segments narrow-linear. Lower
Peduncles very long, naked or i -leaved, 3-5 headed, with bracteolate
pedicels. Heads 6 mm. in diameter, non-calyculate ; involucral scales 10.
Achenes white silky.

Valley of Rio Palena, west of the Cordillera.

23. S. DESIDERATUS DC.

Subcorymbose, few-headed. Glabrous undershrub, with terete branches
and sessile, pinnatipartite leaves, having linear rachis, and 6-8 pairs of seg-
ments, these acute and undivided or bipartite to their base ; the uppermost
linear, entire. Floriferous branches bracteate. Involucre ovate, calycu-
late, its scales about 10, acute, non-sphacelate. Ligules 10, many-nerved;
disk-flowers 25-30. Achenes slightly hairy.

S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado ; Magellan, Golfo de San Jorge.

844 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

24. SENECIO DOERINGII Hier.

Compound, terminal corymb, of 20-27 homogamous, yellow, rayless
heads. Shrub silky, with appressed tomentum'. Leafy, terete branches
25 cm. long. Leaves sessile, 3 cm. long, i mm. broad, acutish or obtusish,
linear, thick, entire, margins revolute, midrib prominent underneath, can-
aliculate above. Involucre cylindro-campanulate, with small bracteoles ;
its scales 13, linear, dorsally subarachnoid, basally subconnate, apically
sphacelate. Achenes papillose-villous. Pappus-seta white above, bar-
bellate.

Patagon., by Rio Negro, Golfo de San Jorge and Rio Sta. Cruz.

25. S. DUMOSUS Phil.

Corymbs 3-headed, discoid. Glandular-puberulous undershrubs.
Branches crowded, erect, densely leafy upwards. Leaves subsphace-
late, the upper half incised-toothed, with 3-5 teeth on each side. In-
volucral scales 20, glabrous, green, pale-margined. Achenes glabrous.

East Fuegia.

26. S. DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.1 (Plate XXX, B.)
Heads radiate, midsized, about 4 on ends of branches. Sparsely
branching, finely villosulous undershrub, stem rooting at base and ascend-
ing, densely leafy below and sparingly above. Leaves obovate or ob-
lanceolate, sessile but with petioliform base ; lamina pinnately 3-y-lobed
or with callous-tipped teeth, glabrous. Upper leaves passing into the
shortly ciliate bracts of the pedicels and calyculus. Involucre campanulate,
its scales about 15, linear, acuminate, green, marginate, with an obscure
nerve, or occasionally 2-nerved, the apex puberulous, equalling the disk.

'SENECIO DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.

Suffruticosa caule basi radicante adscendente parce ramoso, inferne dense superne laxe foliato,
ad partes juniores minute villosulo more glabrato ; foliis obovatis vel oblanceolatis basi sensim
in pattern petioli-formem sessilem glaberrimam vel margine pilis paucis septatis minutissimis
munitam angustatis, lamina propria glaberrima pinnatim 3— 7-lobata vel dentata, dentibus obtusis
apice calloso-punctatis ; foliis superioribus paulatim in bracteas lineares acutas pedicellorum et
calyculi transeuntibus ; capitulis mediocribus radiatis ad apices ramosum pauces (circiter 4)
fastigiatis, pedicellatis, pedicellis minute villosulis bracteatis, bracteis sicut squamis calyculi mar-
gine pilis brevibus paucis ciliatis ; involucri campanulati squamis circiter 1 5 linearibus acuminatis
viridibus marginatis, nervo obscuriore (vitta oleifera) vel hinc inde nervis 2 percussis apice minute
puberulis disco aequilongis ; ligulis involucrum duplo superantibus lineari-oblongis ; styli ramis
truncatis ; ovariis glabris ; pappo albo.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE.

845

Lignles twice as long, linear-oblong. Style-branches truncate. Achenes
glabrous. Pappus white.

The described branch is 24 cm. high. Lower leaves somewhat crowded,
about 25 mm. long, 12 mm. broad; the upper leaves gradually smaller.
Heads 4 at apex of the branch, but in one strict lateral branch 3. Pedi-
cels 4-8 cm. long. Involucre i cm. high and slightly narrower. Corollas
of ray with a slender tube, 5 mm. long; ligules 12 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad, tridentate, 4-lineate, closely resembling S. otceguianus Phil., but
differing by its broader leaves, bracted pedicels and by having a calyculus.

W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen. Coll. Dusen, Jan. 8, 1897 (n. 472).

27. S. EIGHTSII Hook. & Arn.

Heads radiate. Close to S. darwinii, but with smaller, narrower, deeply
trifid leaves, their segments varying in breadth, sometimes linear. Heads
smaller.

Magellan ; Fuegia ; Staaten I.

Var. with procumbent stem, lax, leafy, ascending branches, leaves 3-5-
cleft, and heads shortly peduncled.

28. S. EXILIS Homb. and Jacq.

Stem prostrate, the branches ascending, cylindric, tomentose. Leaves
oblong-linear, acute, sessile, entire, apically
revolute-margined, both sides tomentose.
Involucral scales i -seriate, oblong, acute,
sublacerous, with membranaceous margin,
half as long as the flowers. Achenes gla-
brous.

Magellan ; E. Fuegia, Dusen.

29. S. FALKLANDICUS Hook. f. (S. littor-

alis lanatus Gaud.)

Heads radiate, subsolitary. Shrub, with
branches, peduncles and under surface of

leaves densely WOOlly. Leaves Hnear-ob- and flower-head ; also a disk-flower and
i i a ray-flower. (From Flora antarctica.')

long to obovate-spatulate or lanceolate, entire

or toothed, ending with an apical subacute callus, the margins revolute.

Heads large, near 4 cm. across, most of them pedunculate, the peduncles

FIG. 100.

Senecio falklandicus. — Leafy branch

846 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

bracted. Involucre broad, its scales about 3-seriate, linear, woolly at the
base. (Fig. 100.)

" Allied to S. patagonicus." (}. D. Hooker.) (See S. littoralis.}

Falklands, abundant; Magellan (Dusen).

30. SENECIO FALKLANDICUS PINNATIFIDUS O. Hoffm.

Leaves broad-lanceolate, the lower pinnatifid in the upper third part,
the segments broad or narrow, obtuse or acute, entire or i -toothed, dif-
ferent from the type.

Punta Arenas, Dusen.

31. S. FASCICULATUS Hook. & Arn.

Head solitary, terminal. Subdichotomously branching shrub, white
tomentose. Leaves remote, linear, obtuse, fleshy, with revolute margins ;
their axils bearing leaf-fascicles or short, leafy branches. Involucre non-
calyculate; its scales 18, subulate, their apex subsphacelate. Achenes
long, glabrous, equalling the pappus.

(Chili); S. Patagon., Gregory Bay; by RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.

32. S. FISTULOSUS Poepp.

Corymbose, radiate, glabrous perennial, 35 cm. high, with vertical, fistu-
lar rhizome. Two lower leaves petiolate, oblong, petiole and lamina each
10 cm. long, attenuate both ways, finely toothed. Upper leaves few,
smaller, lanceolate, amplexicaul, slightly webby at base. Pedicels nearly
naked. Involucre campanulate, its scales 20, shorter than the disk. Heads
rather large, with 10 oblong ligules and 40 disk-flowers. Achenes gla-
brous.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz, Feb. 9,
"white."

33. S. FLACCIDUS Homb. &Jacq.

Heads rather large, i or few-corymbed. Many-stemmed undershrub,
lax-woolly, erect, simple or nearly so. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse.
Invohicral scales few at base, linear-oblong, acuminate, lacerate-fimbriate,
shorter than the disk.

Magellan.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 847

34. SENECIO GILLESIANUS Hieron. (S. gilliesii Phil, non H. & A.)

Patagon. ; "differs from Phillipi's specimens by heads being slightly
larger ; achenes not densely hispid, but white-pubescent ; leaves in some
parts 72 mm. long, and lobules reaching 28 mm."

Var. a, arachnoides Hier. Leaves and branches webby. N. Patagon.,
by mouth of Rio Negro and the coast.

Var. b, glaberrima Hier. About Rio Negro.

35. S. GILLIESII Hook. & Arn.

Heads large. Stem few-leaved, scape-like, i-2-headed. Hoary, with
deciduous wool. Radical leaves oval-oblong, thick, fleshy, entire or
toothed, attenuate to a long petiole. Cauline leaves sessile, the upper
linear. Involucre broad-campanulate, calyculate, its scales about 30,
linear-lanceolate, scarcely sphacelate. (See S. sericeus O. Ktze.)

(Argentina, Cordilleras) ; Patagon.

36. S. GLABER LeSS.

Corymbed, radiate. Herbaceous (?), glabrous. Stem terete, scarcely
striate. Leaves sessile, pinnately parted ; lobes 7—8 pairs, linear, acute,
some lobulate. Pedicels generally shorter than the heads, minutely
bracteolate above. Involucral scales 10-12, acuminate, not sphacelate.
Ligules about 8, 3~4-nerved ; disk-flowers 20-25. Achenes puberulous.
Heads much more numerous and smaller than in S. pinnatus.

(S. Chili); Patagon., in high places by Rio Chubut; " herbaceo-fruti-
cose fistulous ; margins of leaves subrevolute, only thus in dry speci-
mens (?)." (Speg.)

37. S. HATCHERIANUS O. Hoffm., n. s.1 (Plate XXX, A.)
Undershrubs with solitary, discoid heads on strict branches which are
densely leafy below and naked upwards. Leaves small, linear, sessile,

1 SENECIO HATCHERIANUS O. Hoffm., n. s.

Fruticulus ramosus, ramis glabris strictis in parte inferiore dense foliosis, superne peduncu-
loideis, squamis paucis bracteatis, monocephalis ; foliis parvis linearibus sessilibus obtusis,
margine revolutis, integerrimis vel rarius sub apice in utroque latere unidentatis, undique
glandulis minutis sessilibus dense obsitis, capitulis mediocribus, homogamis, circiter 5O-floris ;
receptaculo convexo, involucri parce calyculati late campanulati squamis 15, more foliorum
glandulosis, linearibus, breviter acuminatis, tenuiter paucinervatis, summo apice minute velutinis
et sphacelatis ; floribus omnibus 5 breviter exsertis ; corollis luteis in limbum 5-dentatum sensim
ampliatis ; styli ramis truncatis ; ovario glabro ; pappo albido.

848 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

obtuse, marginally revolute, entire or nearly so, covered on both surfaces
with dense, sessile glands. Heads mediocre, with about 60 hermaphrodite
flowers. Involucre sparsely calyculate, broad, the scales 15, glandular,
linear, shortly acuminate, apically sphacelate. Corollas yellow, gradually
enlarging, 5-toothed. Style-branches truncate ; ovary glabrous ; pappus
whitish.

Cordilleras of Patagon., J. B. Hatcher, 1897.

Shrub of 25 cm., somewhat rough below, from the scars of the fallen
leaves. Leaves ranging up to 2 cm. by 2 mm. Upper leafless part of
the branches 4 cm. long, with a few narrow bracts of 3 mm. passing into
the bracts of the calyculus. Involucre 8 mm. high, 12 mm. broad. Co-
rolla 6 mm.

Similar to S. gilmis Phil, and S. trifidus H. A., but distinguished by the
glandular pubescence and the form of the involucral bracts.

Type specimens, with ''Prof. O. Hoffmann, and no. 145 of Plantce
Hatcheriance in Princeton University, U. S. A.

»

38. SENECIO HAUTHALII O. Ktze.

Heads discoid, 1-3, subsessile. Low shrub, with its lower branches
covered by persisting petioles, otherwise glabrous. Leaves fleshy, pecti-
nate, petiolate, the petiole-base amplexicaul, 3 cm. long, the basal lobes
spinose. Involucral scales i-seriate, subequal, 15-20, oblong, acuminate,
fimbriate, with small, calyculate bracts, as long as the disk. Achenes
short, pappillose. Pappus white.

Patagon.

39. S. HIRTHI Phil.

Heads few, on virgate branches, naked above. Glabrous undershrubs,
with oblong-cuneate leaves, 3-5-toothed near top, crowded at base, shorter
upwards. Involucral scales not apically sphacelate. Achenes glabrous.

At Rio Palena, west of the Cordilleras ; S. Patagon., on the Cordil-
leras, Hatcher.

40. S. HUALTATA Bert.

Crowded corymbs ; heads radiate. Herbaceous, glabrous ; apically
webby in parts when young. Stem terete, striatulous, leafy. Lower
leaves petiolate, rhombo-hastate, acuminate both ways, unequally dentate,
upper leaves semiamplexicaul, lanceolate, dentate. Pedicels mostly shorter

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 849

than the heads, bracteolate. Involucre of about 20 scales, bracteolate, not
ustulate, subcalyculate. Ligules 8-12, linear-oblong; disk-flowers 50-
60. Ackenes glabrous.

(Chili) ; Chubut, in praeandine swamps.

41. SENECIO HYADESII Franchet.

*

Dense, terminal corymbs of yellow, discoid heads. Plant webby-tomen-
tose, tall, with virgate, leafy branches. Leaves oblong, attenuate-petio-
late, scarcely acute, margins revolute, the lower obscurely toothed. In-
volucml scales acute, woolly, except the apex. Achenes glabrous.

Magellan, Banner Bay.

42. S. HYPSOPHILUS Phil.

Heads radiate, solitary on the ends of the many branches, which are
apically leafless, with long bracts. Glabrous undershrub ; leaves long-
petiolate, subspatulate, 5-cleft at top, 'rarely 3-cleft. Involucre-scales about
1 6, very acuminate; ligules as many, twice as long, scarlet. Achenes
very striate, glabrous. Head about 25 mm. in diameter.

(Chili); Patagon. (?).

43. S. IBARI Phil.

Corymbed, 3-7 heads. Glabrous undershrub, branching at base, leafy
throughout. Leaves crowded, linear, attenuate below, acute, entire, or
with 1-2 teeth. Pedicels equalling the heads, with crowded, setaceous
bracts. Invohicral scales 15-20, glabrous, margin scarious, with gladu-
lar-ciliate apices. Achenes glabrous.

Magellan, Skyring Water, and Bahia de Gente.

44. S. INCISUS DC. (S. necei lobulatus H. & A.). (See S.

necei incisus DC.)

Leaves subglabrescent, pinnately lobed, with 1-4 short teeth or seg-
ments, 5—10 mm. long.
(Argentina); Patagon.

45. S. KINGII Hook. f.

Scape i -headed, head discoid. Glabrous herb, with simple, short, leafy,
decumbent stem. Leaves petiolate, fascicled at the apex of stem, fleshy,
linear-spatulate, coarsely toothed. Scape solitary, erect, with 2-3 subu-

850 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

late leaves, puberulous above, hivohtcre broad, its scales glabrous, lin-
ear-lanceolate, its tips sphacelate, shorter than the disk.

Patagon., valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.); Lagos; in Cordilleras
of S. Patagon. (by Hatcher, Feb. 16, 1897); °f tne steppe-flora, growing
in the driest places ; Magellan ; Fuegia.

46. SENECIO KURTZII Alboff. (non Phil.).

Heads solitary, large. Plant fleshy, glabrous, with creeping rhizome,
sending up sterile shoots, and low, striate, leafless scapes, with setaceous
bracts. Leaves spatulate, attenuate to long petioles, apically short-
toothed. Involucral scales linear. Flowers dimorphous ; of disk tubu-
lar, of ray fewer, female, filiform, obliquely truncate, with long style.

Fuegia, at Ushuaia ; by Hatcher on Cordilleras of Patagon.

47. S. L^EVICAULIS DC.

Corymbose, discoid, glabrous. Undershrub, with terete, slender, flexu-
ose, branching stem. Cauline leaves sessile, minutely auricled-cordate,
elliptic-oblong, acute, with some teeth. Bractlets 3-5, ovate, ciliolate
under the involucre; scales 10, equalling the disk, or longer, ciliolate-
floccose at the apex. Disk-flowers 20, tubular.

(Chilian Andes.) Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

48. S. LARICIFOLIUS H. B. & K.

Heads radiate, solitary, long-pedunculate. A small, branching shriib.
Leaves dense, narrow-linear, subacerose, plane, entire, glabrous, spread-
ing, 25 mm. long. Involucre campanulate, calyculate. Achene hispid.
Papptis white, equalling the corolla.

(Peru) ; N. Patagon., plateaux.

49. S. LASEGUEI Homb. & Jacq.

Stems branching from the base, rooting, the branches ascending, gla-
brous, entire or remotely toothed at the apex. Involucral scales i -seriate,
oblong-linear, acute, sublacerous at the membranous margin, exceeding
the flowers. Achenes glabrous.

Magellan, Port Peckett ; Punta Anegada.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSIT/E. 85 I

50. SENECIO LECHLERI Phil.

Heads discoid, 3-5 on the branches. Undershrubs, with erect, virgate,
white-woolly branches. Leaves very green, rather glabrous on the upper
surface, webby underneath, erect, linear, entire, acute, fleshy. Pedicels
rather long, bracted, white-woolly. Involucral scales calyculate, apically
very green and pencillate. All the flowers tubular, white, slightly longer
than the involucres.

Magellan, near Punta Arenas.

51. S. LEUCOMALLUS A. Gray.

Heads 1-3, discoid, midsized, pediceled, on leafy branches. Shrub
white, woolly, 30 cm. high. Leaves spatulate, entire, obtuse. Involucre
woolly, with bracteoles equalling its scales. Achenes glabrous. (Leaves
as of Leontopodium. )

Magellan ; Fuegia, to Orange Harbor, near Cape Horn.

52. S. LEUCOSTACHYS Baker. (S. albicaulis pinnatifidus H. & A.)

Compound corymbs, heads twice as long as broad. Shrub hoary-tomen-
tose, at length naked. Branches white, smooth. Leaves pinnatifid, their
segments linear-elongate. Involucre oblong, its scales about 12, shorter
than the corollas, 28 mm. long, acute, subsphacelate at apex.

Patagon., near Los Lamos.

53- S. LIMBARDIOIDES Hook. & Am.

Many-headed corymb. Scabrous shrub, with strict, striate branches,
subdensely leafy. Leaves broad-linear, subspatulate, acute, plane, entire,
with a distinct rib underneath. Pedicels with subulate bracteoles and
broad, calyculate invohicre, its scales 16, linear-subulate, not sphacelate,
shorter than the corollas.

Magellan, at Port Gregory.

S. LIMBARDIOIDES MAJOR.

Leaves and heads a little longer than the pedicels. Involucral scales
numerous.

Magellan, Port Famine.

852 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

54. SENECIO LINARI/EFOLIUS Poepp.

Few-headed corymb. Glabrous, with terete branches. Leaves linear,
basally attenuate ; the apex with a callous point, entire, 25 by 3 mm.
Pedicels of corymb long, bracteolate. Involucre 10— i2-leaved, calyculate,
its scales black-tipped and floccose. Ligules about 12, linear; disk-flowers
20. Achenes glabrous.

"Patagonian specimens have the involucral scales not black-tipped, but
white-pencillate, leaves much shorter, and stems i -headed and 3-5-
headed." (Speg.)

(Mountains of S. Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut, swamp-meadows, by Lago
Fontana.

55. S. LITTORALIS (Gaud.). (S. vaginatus H. & A.)
Large, radiate heads, solitary on leafy branches. Erect, terete, glabrous
stem. Leaves sessile, linear to obovate-lanceolate, mostly acute, entire,
coriaceous. Involucre calyculate, its scales about 20, linear-lanceolate,
as long as the disk. Ligules 10-12. The leaves may be straight or
falcate, acute or obtuse, 2-8 mm. broad; heads 35 mm. in diameter; 100
of the heads opening at once in a small plant render it handsome.

Falklands, abundant in marshy places. (Its var. a of DC. Prodr. is
S. falklandicus Hook, f.)

56. S. LONGIPES Hook. f.

Corymbs with 3—7 broad, discoid heads, on very long pedicels, with
subulate-filiform bracteoles. Glabrous or glandular, pubescent upwards,
with simple, erect branches. Leaves fasciculate, narrow-linear or filiform,
acute, basally attenuate, apically serrate, marginally revolute. Involucral
scales i -seriate, glandulous, shorter than the disk.

Fuegia, atUshuaia; S. Patagon., by Hatcher. Magellan.

(S. magellanicus H. & A., sub Culcitium.}

57. S. MAGELLANENSIS (Phil.) Macl. (S. magellanicus Phil, (non H. & A.).

Heads solitary, discoid. Low perennial, with many stems, at length
glabrous ; stems simple, slender. Leaves linear, attenuate both ways,
entire or toothed ; when young snowy-tomentose ; upper leaves few,
setaceous. Involucral scales about 12, green, glabrous. Achenes
glabrous.

E. Fuegia.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 853

58. SENECIO MENDOCINUS Phil.

Heads radiate, 1-8 on branches naked above, on rather long peduncles.
Glabrous shrub with fleshy, linear-filiform leaves, acute, crowded, and
peduncles few-bracteate, invohicre calyculate, with about 13 scales,
marginally scarious, not apically sphacelate. Ligules 8-10. Achenes
very shortly hispid.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

59. S. MICROCEPHALUS DC. (S. patagonicus H. & A.)

Corymbose, 5-y-headed, heads discoid. Tomentose shmb. Leaves
rigid, suberect, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subacute, entire, me-
dially canaliculate above, margin revolute. Pedicels long. Involucre
broad, calyculate, its scales linear-oblong, subacute to acuminate, shorter
than the corollas.

(Chili) ; Magellan, at Port Famine ; Fuegia, by Beagle Channel.

S. MICROCEPHALUS ACLONETUS (Ph.) O. Ktze.

A radiate form, its young not branched.

60. S. MICROCEPHALUS HOOKERI (Homb. & Jacq.) (sub S. patagonicus].

Stems low, 12-14 cm-» much branching, densely leafy. Leaves fas-
ciculate, lance-linear, basiattenuate, apically few-toothed, margin revolute.
Peduncles thick, short. (Alboff.)

Fuegia.

61. S. MICROPIFOLIUS DC.

Heads 1-8, discoid, midsized, in terminal, bracteolate corymbs. To-
mentose perennial, 30 cm. high, with erect, leafy branches ; base of stem
woody, leafless. Leaves sessile, oblong, with revolute margin, entire,
ending in a dark point. Branches leafy to the top. Involucre "ovate,"
its scales about 15, woolly, but apically sphacelate, slightly shorter than
the disk. Disk-flowers 30. Achenes glabrous.

(S. Amer. ; Cordilleras of Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at Cabo
Negro and Coy Inlet, Dec. 20 ; Fuegia.

(The involucre is not ovate but campanulate and calyculate, with a few
minute bracteoles. Leaves 2 cm. long. Otherwise it agrees with the
description of DC. Prodr., vi, 413.)

854 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

62. SENECIO MISER Hook. f.

Heads 1—2, discoid, broad. Depressed, hairy-viscous undershrubs, with
branching, scarred, ascending stem ; branches short, leafy. Leaves many,
small, coriaceous, rather crisp, narrowly linear-spatulate, irregularly sinu-
ate-dentate or subpinnatifid ; margins reflexed. Pedicels short. Involu-
cral scales narrow-lanceolate, slightly shorter than the disk.

Magellan; Ushuaia, by Alboff (a larger form, 16-18 cm., stems naked
below). From Rio Sta. Cruz, with the lobed leaves not viscous, and with
larger, long-pediceled heads. (Speg.)

63. S. MISER TEHUELCHES Speg.

Branches I -headed, with 3-6 linear, acute bractlets. Lowly cespitose,
with narrow-linear leaves, glabrous below, having two lobes on each side ;
the upper leaves smaller. Involucre i -seriate, of 13 scales, slightly adher-
ing. Flowers in a head, 25-30, all tubular, slightly exceeding the involucre.

S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado.

64. S. MORENONIS O. Ktze.

Heads radiate, solitary, on nearly leafless peduncles. Low (15 cm.)
silky-tomentose undershrub. Leaves crowded at the base of the branches,
linear, acute, 4 cm. by i mm. Involucml scales about 20, linear acumi-
nate. Heads turbinate or cylindrical. (Near 5" argenteus G. K.)

Patagon.

65. S. NE^EI DC. (See S. sericeus O. Ktze.)

Corymb simple, 7-8-headed, pedicels naked, as long as the discoid
head. Shrub-like, branches terete, canescent Leaves linear, entire,
acutish, becoming glabrous. Involucre 12— 13-leaved, shorter than the disk.

Flowers about 20. Achenes terete, glabrous.

(Argentina ; Chili) ; Patagon.

S. NE^GI INCISUS DC.

Leaves with 1-2 teeth on each side, or lobes, about midway.
S. Patagon., near Puerto Deseado, and Sacramento Colony.

66. S. NORDENSKJOLDII O. Hoffmann.

Heads i-few, terminal, small, discoid. Low, branching shrub, 20 cm.
high, glabrous, but the young branches and leaves finely glandular-pubes-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 855

cent ; leaf-scars on base of branches. Leaves sessile in outline, narrowly
linear to oblanceolate, acute, entire, or mostly 3-(5~) pinnately parted
next their apex. Peduncles with several short, acute bracts. Involucre
campanulate, its scales 20, linear-oblong, acute, white margined, with an
oily vitta. Flowers perfect, their tubular corollas yellow, enlarged up-
wards. Style-branches truncate. Achenes glabrous. Pappus white.

(S. Patagon., by O. Nordenskjold in valley of Rio Gallegos) ; E. Fue-
gia (Dusen). "Yellow in bloom, all along the Andes, abundant"
(Hatcher).

SENECIO NORDENSKJOLDII SIMPLICIOR O. Hoffm.
Lower than the type, with some leaves 3-toothed, but most entire.
E. Fuegia, by the sea-coast (Dusen).

67. S. OTITES G. Kuntze.

Corymb large, compound. Heads nearly discoid. Glabrous herbs,
with terete, striate, branching stem. Leaves with a broad, rounded, toothed
auricle at base of the petiole, lamina broad-lanceolate, dentate, basally
.cordate or truncate. Pedicels sparsely bracteolate upwards. Involucre
with 8-9 scales, not ustulate. Ligules 5, oval-oblong. Disk-flowers 15-
20. Achenes glabrous.

(S. Chili ) ; W. Patagon.

68. S. PACHYPHYLLUS Remy (non Cheesem.).

Heads i-few on branches nearly naked above. Glabrous shrubs, with
stem branching and rooting, branches leafy at the middle. Leaves sessile,
oblong-linear, coarsely subcylindrical, entire, acute. Peduncles few-bracted.
Involucre subcalyculate, ovoid-campanulate, its scales oblong-linear, sca-
rious-margined, shorter than the disk. Achenes glabrous, costate.

(Talcaragua) ; S. Patagon., in Cordilleras, by Hatcher. A specimen in
the Gray Herbarium, bears a note "Leaves slightly broader and heads
larger" ; the same is true of the Hatcher specimen. Professor O. Hoff-
mann confirms this identification, having compared Hatcher's plant with
the description and with a specimen in the Berlin Museum, which was
collected by Philippi.

69. S. PALEISL-E Phil.

Corymb with about 5 heads. White, silky herb. Leaves narrow-linear,

856 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

crowded at the base. Floriferous branches fastigiate. Pedicels naked,
subequal. Involucral scales 12, immersed in wool. Achenes glabrous.
W. Patagon., valley of Rio Palena.

70. SENECIO PATAGONICUS Hook. & Arn. (= S. microcephahts DC.).
S. patagonicus Phil. = S. sericeo-nitens.

71. S. PINNATUS Poir.

Corymb few-headed. Stem terete, branching, the leaves crowded to the
tops, sessile, pinnatipartite ; their lobes linear-mucronate, some entire,
others trifid. Pedicels bracteolate. Involucral-scales 10-12, nearly equal-
ling the disk. Ligules 7-9 ; disk-flowers 20. Ackenes glabrous.

(Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon.; Tschalin.

S. PINNATUS GLANDULOSUS.

Dense glandular-pubescence upwards on the branches and leaves.

72. S. PCEPPIGII Hook. & Arn. (S. micropifolius monocephahis DC.)
Flower-heads solitary. Low, multiceps, all hoary-tomentose. Stems
basally leafy ; apically scapiform. Leaves oblong, subspatulate, obtuse,,
ending in a black point, laxly imbricate, entire, revolute-margined. Pe-
duncle bracteate. Involucre campanulate, acute at base, calyculus with 16
leaflets, densely tomentose, subulate, with black sphacelate tops.
Patagon., by Moreno.

73. S. POLYPHYLLUS G. Kuntze.

Heads solitary on branches, leafless above. Undershrub, ascending,
altogether puberulo-hirtellous. Leaves linear, entire, obtuse, margin
subrevolute ; the highest remote, few, bract-like. Invohicre cylindraceous,
as long as the disk, subnude at base, the scales about 15, subacute, spar-
ingly ustulate at apex. Ligules 7-9, oblong ; disk-flowers 15-20. Achenes
glabrous.

(Chili, at elevations in Andes); S. Patagon., by Hatcher (as in the
Gray Herbarium, but with thicker leaves. Near S. sericeus neczi}.

74. S. PSAMMOPHILUS Griseb.

Corymb with 3-7 discoid heads. Shrub snowy-tomentose, with leafy
branches 20 cm. long. Leaves linear, sessile, rounded-obtuse above,
i-2-crenate-pinnatifid or entire ; lobes rounded. Heads 2O-flowered.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 857

Involucre broad, shorter than the disk, with 10-12 scales; the outer scales
appressed, all sphacelate-obtuse at the apex. Achenes puberulous.

(Catamarca.)

SENECIO PSAMMOPHILUS DUSENII.

Branches more elongate than the type, virgate, flexuose. Leaves most
entire, some pinnately 3-(or more) partite.
Patagon., at Puerto Madryn, by Dusen.

75. S. PULCHER Hook. & Arn.

Corymb of large heads, each 5 cm. broad. Handsome, simple or
branching plant, sometimes a meter high, webby-tomentose, with decidu-
ous wool. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, crenate-dentate, the radical as long
as the petioles ; cauline leaves remote, sessile, upwards semi-amplexicaul
and subdecurrent. Involucre campanulate-hemispherical, calyculate, its
scales not sphacelate, woolly, obtuse. Ligules 20, purple.

(S. Brazil); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

76. S. SERICEO-NITENS (Phil.) Speg. (S. patagonicus Phil, non H. & A.)
Radiate heads solitary, ending the branches. Silky-tomentose under-
shrubs, with long branches, naked upwards. Leaves narrow-linear,
crowded, acute. Involucre without calyculus, its scales about 15, acute,
tomentose, not sphacelate, scarcely shorter than the disk. Ligules to 12.
Achenes glabrous.

Patagon.; by O. Nordenskjold, in valley of Rio Gallegos.

77. S. SERICEUS (G. Ktze., 1831, sub Cacalid] O. Ktze.

This is made by O. Kuntze to include several species which have been
separated chiefly by geographical marks ; low, shrubby, with at least in
youth a silky-tomentose indumentum ; also as identical with S. albicaulis,
candolleanus, gilliesii and incisus, H. & A. (1841) ; and neai (with leaves
entire, subglabrescent).

"Among these the size of the heads, the number of flowers in each, and
the size of the leaves vary, the leaves being smaller in dry places. Entire
and pinnatifid leaves may occur on the same shrub." (O. Ktze.)

78. S. SMITHII DC.

Terminal corymb of 6 or more broad, radiate heads. Erect, tall shrub,
with hollow, simple stem, and leaves underneath or on both surfaces, lax-

858

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

woolly, fragrant. Radical leaves, long-petioled, oblong, basi-cordate, sub-
acute, dentate, with sheathing petioles. Cauline leaves cordate or lance-
olate, sessile, acuminate, crenate-dentate. Heads with yellow disk, 3-5
cm. across, with 15-16 white ligules, long-acute or apically dilated.
Pappits shorter than the achene.

S. Patagon. and by Lago Argentine ; not in steppe-region ; W. Patagon.,
by Rio Aysen (Dusen) ; Magellan ; Chiloe ; S. Fuegia to Cape Horn.
Handsome, nearly a meter high.

Heads
FIG. 101.

79. SENECIO STIPELLATUS O. Hoffmann.

2-4 at ends of the branches. Undershntb, 25 cm. high, branch-
ing at base and also above ; leafy, striate, webby below. Leaves
sessile, pectinately pinnatipartite, the segments and rachis equally
linear; lower leaf-segments with stipelliform lobtdes. Heads
midsized, peduncled, with a few acute bracts. Involucre broad-
campanulate (8— 10 mm.), its scales 20, apically sphacelate. Lig-
ules yellow, twice as long as the involucre. Achenes puberulous.
Pappzis white. (Fig. 101.)

Patagon., at Rawson, near mouth of Rio Chubut (Dusen).

Senecio
stipellatus.
— Involu-
cral scale.
( After
O. Hoff-
mann.)

80. S. SUBPANDURATUS O. Hoffmann.

Lax corymb of small, discoid heads. Glabrous shrub, 40 cm.
high, with virgate, leafy branches. Lower leaves spatulate, upper
oblong-panduriform, semiamplexicaul ; all obtuse, repand-toothed
or entire, graduating to subcordate bracts. Involucre broad, cal-
yculate ; its scales 20, narrow, acute, scarious-margined, as long
as the disk, with an oleiferous vitta. Flowers perfect, yellow. Achenes
puberulous. Pappus white, caducous.
E. Fuegia (Dusen).

8 1. S. SUBULATUS D. Don.

Subcorymbose. Branching, glabrous shrub. Leaves linear-subulate,
mucronate-awned, entire or pinnatifid. Involucre broadly cylindrical ; its
scales acute, costate, scarcely sphacelate, with calyculus of short, subulate
bracteoles. Ligules about 14, linear, scarcely exceeding the diameter of
the many-flowered disk.

(Chili) ; Patagon.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE.

859

82. SENECIO TRIFURCATUS Less.

Head solitary on simple, scape-like stem, bracted.
Leaves spatulate, trifurcate, the radical fasciculate. In-
volucral scales without sphacelate tips. Rays pale.
("White-flowered," R. O.Cunningham.) (Fig. 102.)

W. Magellan, at Puerto Angusto (Dusen). Fuegia,
in marshy places to Cape Horn. "Avoids the steppes."
Rio Gallegos (Barnum Brown).

83. S. TUNICATUS O. Ktze. (non Klatt).

Head broad, discoid, solitary on a simple, scape-like,
nearly leafless stem. Low, cespitose, 10 cm. high.
Leaves crowded at base, 5 cm. by 5 mm., linear, scari-
ose, fuscous-red, rather smooth, appressed to stem, per-
sistent, upwards linear-lanceolate, entire, herbaceous,
tomentose. Head 2 cm. broad, rose to purple, with
40—50 flowers as long as the involucre and longer
than the white pappus. Involucral scales 40, i -seriate,
subequal, calyculate. Achenes smooth.

Patagon. (Moreno).

Glabrous shrub.
FIG. 1 02.

Senecio trifurcatus. —
Plant with r -headed
scape ; also magnified
fruit.

84. S. VAGINyEFOLIUS Sch. Bip.

Head solitary, discoid. Hoary, tomentose under-
shrub. Leaves crowded below, spatulate, entire, aris-
ing from a long, scariose sheath. Upper leaves few, remote, small, lance-
linear, passing into the involucral scales. Base of stem with old leaf-
sheaths. Achenes glabrous, shorter than the snowy pappus.

Punta Arenas, on the sea-shore.

>•

85. S. VERRUCULOSUS O. Ktze.

Heads discoid, solitary on branches, nearly naked above. Low shrub,
scarcely 25 cm. high, the branches densely leafy at the base. Leaves
warty, glabrous, sessile, falcate, linear to subulate, broader next their apex,
1-2 cm. long. Flowers of head 30—40, yellow, longer than the involucre,
as long as the white pappus, i cm. long. Involucral scales 25, i -seriate,
canaliculate, apically black-punctate, pilose. Calyculus of few bracteoles.
Achenes glabrous.

86O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Varying : ( i ) stibulatus O. Ktze. Leaves subulate, their margin inflexed,
rarely i-2-toothed. Patagon.

(2) dentatus O. Ktze. Leaves broader, the margin narrowly inflexed,
mostly 2-4-toothed. Patagon.

86. SENECIO VULGARIS Linn. Groundsel.

Heads discoid, 4 mm. across, 6 mm. high, corymbed* Puberulent or
glabrate annual, with hollow, branched stem, 30 cm. high, and pinnatifid
leaves with oblong toothed segments. Involucral scales linear, usually
with a few short, outer bracteoles. Achenes hoary. Pappus white.

(Europe, naturalized in N. Amer.); Magellan; Tyssen Is. (R. O. Cun-
ningham); S. Fuegia, atUshuaia; Falklands. (Doubtless introduced.)

87. S. WEBSTERI Hook. f.

Subsessile panicle of radiate heads. Suberect or prostrate woolly herb,
with leafy stem. Leaves petiolate, fleshy, reniform-rounded, or deltoid,
with obtuse angles, entire or sinuate-crenate, glabrate above, woolly
underneath, the margins revolute. Involucre broad, its scales oblong-
lanceolate, acute, glabrate at least midway. Ligules broad-ovate, 3-
toothed. Odoriferous.

Magellan ; Staaten I.

S. WEBSTERI SUBDISCOIDES A. Gray.

Ligules few, small. Branches ascending. Leaves fan-shaped, crenate-
toothed.

Fuegia, at Orange Harbor.

88. S. XANTHOXYLON Phil.

Heads discoid, subcorymbose. Low shrubs, branching fastigiately from
the base, silvery silky. Leaves sessile, fleshy, linear, obtuse, entire or
apically tridentate, with short, acute lobes. Branches naked upwards,
with few heads, and few woolly bracts. Invohicml scales pencillate above,
dorsally villous. Flowers in a head about 30.

Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.

S. XANTHOXYLON ARANEOSULUS Speg.

Leaves apically trifid or 3-toothed, margins revolute. Plant at first
webby, afterward glabrate. Corollas orange ; pappus white.
Patagon., at Golfo de San Jorge, and by Rio Sta. Cruz.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 86 1

56. ERIACH^NIUM Sch. Bip.

Small, prostrate herb, with small, alternate, oblong or subspatulate,
amplexicaul leaves, woolly underneath ; and short-pediceled, axillary heads.
Involucral scales 5-8, subequal, erect. Flowers all tubular, having corol-
las connate with the achene, woolly on outside ; peripheral flowers 1—2
(or none), with short tube, fertile; central larger, sterile, their anthers
acuminately tailed.

Species i, viz.:

E. MAGELLANICUM Sch. Bip.

Closely allied to Osteospermum which has many species in S. Afr.
and one in St. Helena. Leaves coarsely toothed. FIG. 103.

(Fig. 103.)

Fuegia, passim, loving salt-water shores.

57. CARDUUS Linn. (1753). Thistle.

Common prickly herbs, with spiny often decur-
rent leaves. Achenes inserted by the base, not
obliquely, glabrous. Receptacle densely bristly.
Corollas slender, tubular, 5-cleft, purplish or green- icum.— Branch, and magnified
ish. Anthers basi-sagittate. Style-branches obtuse, flower-head (after Dusen).
Pappus of plumose bristles, united at base, falling away together.

Species 250, widely distributed in N. Hemisphere.

C. LANCEOLATUS Linn. (Scop, sub Cirsium, 1772; Willd. sub Cmcus,

1787.)

Stout biennial, partly tomentose, to more than a meter high, leafy
throughout. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, about 12
cm. long, decurrent, with triangular lobes, general outline lanceolate,
bristly all over. Heads solitary on the branches, dark purple. Involucral
scales prickly like the leaves.

(La Plata, introduced from Eur., "Cardo Negro"); spreading (Eng.
& Prantl include the thistles with plumose pappus in the genus Cirsium
Scop.).

58. SILYBUM Gaertn. Giant Thistle.

Heads large, solitary, homogamous, nutant. Involucral scales with
leafy appendages, bearing terminal spines and shorter, lateral spines.

862 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Flowers purplish, with filaments connate half way up or more. Fruit
and pappus of Carduus, pappus-setae not feathery.
Species 2 ; in warm parts of Old World.

SILYBUM MARIANUM Gaertn.

Leaves amplexicaul, sinuose-spinose, white-spotted (broader and thin-
ner than of cardoon). (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 319, H.)

N. Patagon. by Rio Negro. (From S. Eur., W. Asia, etc.) In
Argentina and Chili forms impenetrable groves. Its leaves are in quest
for cattle and sheep. (In the dry season they are entirely gone.)

59. CYNARA Linn. Cardoon, Artichoke.

Biennial herbs resembling thistles, with ample, 1-3 times pinnatisect,
spiny leaves, and large, solitary (?) heads, purplish to white. Invohtcre
broad, of many-seriate, coriaceous scales, broad below, and imbricating,
spiny-tipped (or under cultivation unarmed). Receptacle fleshy, plane,
setose. Corollas slender-tubular. Filaments pilose, not connate. Anthers
basisagittate, with connate tails. Ac Items glabrous, thick, truncate.
Pappus many-seriate, plumose, deciduous, with an annulus.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 323.)

Species n, Mediterranean region; also cultivated and unarmed.

C. CARDUNCULUS Linn.

Head very large. Leaf-segments and involucral scales with only short
spines. Fruit 4-angular.

(Europe, and naturalized in extra-trop. S. Amer. ; also cult.) ; N. Pata-
gon., near Rio Negro, not common there. (Heads 3 or 4, corymbed on
the tall stem, in New York Botanical Garden.) Along with Silybum
marianmn forms impenetrable forests in Argentina.

60. CARTHAMUS Linn. Safflower.

Thistle-like herbs, with equal-flowered heads, solitary on the branches, or
subcorymbose, yellow to purplish, not blue. Involucre ovoid or subglo-
bose, its scales many-seriate, imbricate, the outer with leafy spinose tips.
Receptacle chaffy-setose. Anthers with connate tails. Achenes glabrous,
with oblique areoles. Papptts paleaceous or none.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 863

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 331.)

Species 20, Old World, from the Orient to the Mediterr. and Canary
Is., and the following case of discontinuous distribution of the genus.

CARTHAMUS MAGELLANICUS Lam.

Unarmed. Stem herbaceous, simple, 16 cm. high, with i head. Leaves
linear, entire, glabrous, diminishing upwards. Head small, naked, outer
scales oval, glabrous, with short, lateral spines.

Magellan (by Commerson, 1767).

61. CHUQUIRAGA Juss. (Dasyphyllum H. B. & K., Joannesia Pers.,

Chuquiragua recentioribus.)

Shrubs, with paired, axillary spines or unarmed, and with homogamous
or abortively dicecious heads. Involucre turbinate to ovoid, its scales
many-seriate, imbricate, rigid, linear or lanceolate, the outer ones shorter.
Receptacle mostly pilose. Corollas densely bearded inside. Anthers
basally sagittate-tailed. Style-branches obtuse, not spreading. Achenes
oblong or turbinate, silky. Pappus-setae i-seriate, plumose.

Species 33, Andine, and Brazil.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Leaf-tips spinose. No axillary spines.

b. Pubescent. Heads 6-flowered. erinacea.

b2. Leaves glabrous, broader below, their apex becoming stout, sharp spines. Heads many-
flowered, hystrix,
A2. Branches and leaves subulate-spinescent, hirsute. Involucral scales villous. acicularis.
AT,. Spinescent leaf-tips and axillary spines.
b. Axillary spines in pairs.

c. Spines stout. Heads solitary, sessile in axils. Leaves broad-ovate. Achenes silky.

avellanidcE.
c2. Spines short. Leaves lanceolate from a broad base, sessile. Achenes silky.

dusenii.

c$. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Involucre villous, orange inward. spinosa.
£4.. Spines axillary, very small. Involucral scales broad, muticous, yellow inwards.

kingii.

b2. Axillary spines in 4's, short. Leaves long-linear, thick-margined. Involucre golden
inwards. patagonica.

i. C. ACICULARIS Don.
Branches and leaves subulate-spinescent, hirsute. Involucre cylindra-

864 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

ceous ; its scales ciliate-villous ; the outer reflexed-spinescent. These and
the receptacle scarcely puberulous.

S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos, and Rio Sta. Cruz.

2. CHUQUIRAGA AVELLANID^E Lor.

Woody ; ramified from the base, with terete, sulcate stem and flexuose
branches. Leaves sessile, broad-ovate, pungent-mucronate, generally
concave, entire, mostly alternate, 17 by 9 mm.; spines paired in the
axils, 3 mm. long, rather stout. Heads solitary, sessile in the axils, to
2 cm. long, cylindrical. Involucral scales many-seriate, the outer herba-
ceous, acuminate, the inner longer and narrower, the innermost long-
linear, yellow above like an outer corolla, exceeding the flowers. Recep-
tacle concave with white hairs. Flowers in the head not many. Achenes
silky. Pappus-setce i -seriate, plumose, yellowish.

N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado, etc.; Chubut; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.
" Distinguished from C. spinosa by much larger leaves, broader and alter-
nate; by much shorter, thick, brown spines; and involucral scales more
numerous, with longer heads."

3. C. DUSENII O. Hoffmann.

Shrub, with erect branches, 16 cm., tomentose, with brown cortex when
FIG 104 young. Leaves coriaceous, subconcave, lanceolate

from a broad base, sessile, prolonged to a brown spine,
entire, appressed-silky, at length glabrate, 3-nerved,
the midnerve prominent; their margin thickened.
Pairs of short axillary spines. Heads short, solitary
on ends of branches, and sessile amid the shorter leaves.

Chuguiraga duscnii. , , ...... , ....

—Flower-head and invo- Involucre cylindrical; its scales many-senate, imbn-
lucrai scales, natural size, cate, puberulous when young, the innermost exceed-
(AfterO. Hoffmann.) jng ^g. flowers, and with stellately recurved tips, the
recurved part petaloid, linear, acute. Achenes silky. (Fig. 104.)

N. Patagon., by Puerto Madryn (Dusen). " Near C. avellanidce but
distinguished by having longer leaves with thickened margins."

4. C. ERINACEA D. Don.

Branches and leaves pubescent. Leaves subulate, concave above,
spinescent tipped, without other spines. Heads 6-flowered.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 335, J.)

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 865

(Chili); N. Patagon.; widely spread there and northward. " Tschitri
kekelu" and "Herba del Perdice" (Food of Rhea) ; S. Patagon., by the
East Coast; by Hatcher on the Cordilleras, Feb. 1897.

5. CHUQUIRAGA HYSTRIX D. Don. (including Flotovia hystrix, Wedd. Chi.

And. i, 6).

Larger and stronger than C. erinacea. Leaves glabrous, broader below,
with sharp, brown point, pricking like needles, easily falling off the dry
specimen. No other spines. Heads axillary, many-flowered. Invohi-
cral scales with somewhat webby margins.

Patagon., "its North limit is South of the Rio Negro. Very common
thence to Rio Chubut." By Hatcher in Cordilleras of S. Patagon. Like
the preceding it is called " Herba del Perdice."

6. C. KINGII Ball.

Axillary spines very small. Lateral nerves of leaves obsolete. Invo-
lucral scales rather broad, submuticous, with a cartilaginous apex ; inner
scales yellow. Otherwise as C. spinosa.

N. Patagon., to south of Rio Chubut. Indian name " Amtraotrac-
tschic."

7. C. PATAGONICA Phil.

Pubescent annual. Leaves alternate, linear, nervose, plane, mucronate,
spinose ; 28 by 2 mm., 3-nerved, the margin being thick like a nerve.
Spines axillary, 4, short. Involucral scales, outer recurved, innermost
long, acute, golden, ray-flowers female, sometimes 5-toothed.

Plain of N. Patagon., to Valdivian Andes.

8. C. SPINOSA Don.

Spines twin axillary. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, tips spines-
cent, glabrous, shining above, appressed-pubescent underneath. Invo-
lucre villous, its scales spinescent-tipped, the inner scales orange, thrice
as long as the leaf. Style long-exsert.

(Peru and Cordilleras of Chili) ; N. Patagon.

62. DONIOPHYTON Weddel.
Like Chuquiraga but differing by having the corollas unbearded inter-

866

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

nally. Low, annual herbs, with small, linear leaves which often have
minute, paired, axillary spines.
Species 4, in Chili and Argentina.

DONIOPHYTON ARGENTEUM Speg.

" Differs from Chuquiraga anomala Don. and C. Patagonica Phil, by
its axillary spines being always in pairs, distinct enough."
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Gallegos.

63. DUSENIA O. Hoffmann.

Low, annual herb, branching from the base, with linear-oblong, sessile
leaves, the lower opposite, the upper alternate. Heads homogamous, of
mid-size, disciform, solitary and sessile on the ends of the branches.
Involucral scales many-seriate, imbricate, the outer mucronate, the inner

long-acuminate. Receptacle slightly con-
vex, naked. Corollas tubular, scarcely en-
larged above, regular, 5-cleft. Anthers\\\\h
connate tails. Style-branches short, not
hairy. Achenes turbinate, silky. Pappiis
of 10 acuminate, 2-seriate pales.

(Near to Gochnatia, differing by the
pappus.)

Species i, viz:

FIG. 105.

D. PATAGONICA O. Hoff.

About 7 cm. high. Leaves obtuse, fleshy;
the upper webby. Flowers shorter than
the involucre, yellow. (Fig- 105.)

N. Patagon., at Rawson, near the mouth
of the Rio Chubut (Dusen).

64. GOCHNATIA H. B. & K.

Dusema patagomca — Plant slightly
reduced; also a single flower, with outer TomentOSC Or glabrOUS and glutinOUS

and inner invoiucrai scales, enlarged, shrubs, with alternate, coriaceous, entire

leaves, mostly tomentose underneath and

rather small ; heads sessile crowded at the ends of the branches, or panicled,
discoid, yellow. Involucre scales many-seriate, imbricate, ovate-lanceolate,

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 867

or the inner ones long and dry. Receptacle naked or hairy. Anthers
long-tailed. Style thickened upwards, subentire. Ackenes 5-ridged, vil-
lous. Pappus-setce copious, rigid, outer ones smaller.
Species 12, S. Amer., i in Bahama Is.

GOCHNATIA GLUTINOSA Don.

Viscous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, veinless. Heads cylin-
drical, 5-flowered, fasciculate. Involucral scales lance-subulate.
N. Patagon., at Mendoza.

65. LAVIDIA Phil.

Heads discoid, medium-sized, terminal and sessile, many-flowered, all
the flowers hermaphrodite. Involucre campanulate, its scales laxly imbri-
cate, many-seriate, coriaceous, carinate, acuminate. Receptacle plane, gla-
brous. Outer corollas little cleft, bilabiate, their larger lip ovate, 3-toothed,
the smaller bifid, apex revolute. Inner flowers tubular, sub-bilabiate, teeth
cucullate. Anthers winged and long-tailed, tails plumose. Styles equal,
thick, the branches short, obtuse, connivent. Achenes not truncate, papil-
lose, at length ribbed. Pappus-setce i -seriate, rough.

Species i, viz. :

L. CAESPITOSA PHIL.

Very low, cespitose shrub, with very short branches, 6 mm. thick.
Leaves coriaceous, sessile, linear, entire, densely woolly at base.
Patagon., by Lago Pinto, and L. Argentine ; Rio Sta. Cruz.

66. CYCLOLEPIS Gill. & Don.

Branching, hoary shrub, with rigid branches, sometimes spiny ; and small,
alternate, entire, coriaceous, silky leaves. Heads mid-sized, nearly sessile,
ending the branches, discoid with a few flowers. Invohtcral scales many-
seriate, broad-obtuse, dry scarious-margined ; outer scales orbiculate. Re-
ceptacle naked. Anthers with long bearded tails. Style-branches obtuse.
Achenes silky. Pappzis-setce rigid, barbellate.

(Differs from Gochnatia by involucre and style.)

Only one species, viz :

C. GENISTOIDES Gill. & Don.

Branches naked, terete, striate. Leaves sparse, linear-lanceolate.
(At Mendoza in Argentina. "Usillo"); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro;
near Puerto Madryn. (Dusen.)

868 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

67. PLAZIA Ruiz &. Pav.

Shrubs of the habit of Euphorbia, with crowded, entire leaves. Heads
mid-size, solitary (or corymbose), radiatiform, with hermaphrodite, or
female, bilabiate ray ; disk-flowers, having long, reflexed lobes. Anthers
long-tailed. Achenes glabrous (or hairy), costate. Pappus-seta several-
seriate, unequal.

Species 8, Andes to Argentina.

P. ARGENTEA O. Ktze. (D. Don sub Hyalis ; ita I. K. supp. 2).

Multicauline, silvery pubescent. Stems angled, simple. Leaves sessile,
lance-linear, acuminate, entire. Heads paniculately corymbose. Involu-
cral scales ovate-oblong, acutish, almost nerveless.

("Don's Hyalis has hairy or woolly fruit, wand-like branches, with few
deciduous leaves." Eng. & Prantl.)

(Pampas of Cordova; characteristic of Bahia Blanca; "called 'Oliva,'
also 'Maqui bianco'; its stem is used by the Indians as a masticatory."
J. Ball.) N. Patagon.

68. PROUSTIA Lag.

Erect or climbing shrubs, sometimes hoary and sometimes spinose.
Leaves alternate, coriaceous. Heads small, sessile on the branches, 3-5-
flowered, all the flowers perfect and fertile. Involucre ovoid, its scales
many-seriate, imbricate, ovate or the inner prolonged. Receptacle naked.
Corollas bilabiate, or i -lipped. Anthers long-tailed. Style-branches
slightly flattened, rounded. Achenes 5-costate, villous or glandular.
Pappus-setce copious.

Species 10, Mexico, by the Andes to extratropical S. Amer.

•

I. P. BACCHAROIDES D. Don.

Shrub, with oblong, mucronate, dentate-spinulose leaves, snowy tomen-
tose underneath. Heads 3-flowered, paniculate. Involucral scales obtuse.
Achenes pilose. Pappus white, tufted above.

N. Patagon.

2. P. PUNGENS Poepp.

Erect, glabrous shrub, the uppermost branches apically spinescent.
Leaves petiolate, lanceolate or cuneate, mucronulate, toothed, or entire,
coriaceous. Heads laxly spicate, pink. Achenes cuneate-trigonal, villous.
Pappits capillary, fuscous-purple.

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 869

PROUSTIA PUNGENS ILICIFOLIA (H. & A.) DC.
Leaves oblong, with a broad base, sinuate-dentate, petiolate.
(Chili ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.

69. MUTISIA Linn.

Erect or climbing shrubs, with alternate leaves (sometimes pinnate and
with cirrhi), and large or long radiate heads, terminating the branches.
Involucral scales many-seriate, imbricate, broad. Corollas of the ray i-
2-labiate, of the disk cleft towards the center. Anthers long-tailed. Style
filiform, minutely 2-lobed. Achenes glabrous. Pappus i -seriate, of rigid,
plumose bristles.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 344.)

Species 60, in warm parts of S. Amer.

Species with pinnate leaves are in hot regions ; others are extratropical,
or in mountains.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Procumbent, with hoary, angular branches. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, subcordately

amplexicaul. Involucral scales appendaged. oligodon.

A2. Erect.

b. Leaves ovate, glaucous, amplexicaul, toothed-spinose. Heads coarse. glauca.

b2. Leaves cordate-amplexicaul, toothed-spinose. Involucral scales long-appendaged. Ligules
short. brachyantha.

b$. Tall ; peduncles long, I -headed.

c. Leaves ovate, truncate to retuse, glabrous. moyanoi.

c2. Leaves ellipitical, subtruncate, glabrous above, tomentose underneath, pulchella.
A$. Climbing.

b. Leaves semi-runcinate-pinnatifid, partly decurrent. Tendril trifid. Involucral scales

appendaged. retrorsa.

b2. Wingless. Leaves glabrous with a simple tendril.

c. Involucral scales not appendaged. Leaves elliptical. Peduncle I -headed.

chubutensis.

C2. Involucral scales appendaged. Leaves cordate, spinose-toothed. ilicifolia.

1$. Subalate. Leaves lanceolate-linear, subdecurrent.

c. Leaves spinose-toothed, with simple tendril. Heads large ; involucral scales ap-
pendaged. subspinosa.
C2. Leaves subentire, ending in a bifid tendril.

d. Involucral scales appendaged. decurrens.

d2. Involucral scales not appendaged. patagonica.

I. M. BRACHYANTHA Phil.

Very glabrous. Stem broadly winged, the wing coarsely toothed.
Leaves cordate-amplexicaul, oblong, coarsely spinose-toothed, ending in

870 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

a simple cirrhus. Involucre broad-cylindrical, the outer scales with a
long, narrow-linear appendage. Ligules half as long as the involucre,
scarcely exceeding the disk-flowers.

(Chili, Talca) ; Chubut, in hill-shrubberies.

2. MUTISIA CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Stems tall, 50-300 cm., climbing, wingless, glabrous. Leaves subentire,
elliptical, apex rounded, not or scarcely retuse, glabrous on both sides,
with a simple cirrhus. Peduncle not long, i -headed. Involucral scales,
outer small, triangular-lanceolate, the others broadly ovate, not append-
aged. Ligules twice as long as the involucre.

Chubut, in preandine shrubberies.

3. M. DECURRENS CaV.

Stem climbing, subangulate or subalate. Leaves sessile and decurrent
by both margins, pinnately-veined, lance-linear, plane, entire, the lower
few-toothed at base; mid-nerve produced to a bifid cirrhus. Involucre
ovoid, its scales ovate, appressed, appendiculate, obtuse.

(S. Chili) ; Chubut, in preandine groves ; a form with larger leaves
marginally revolute and often obsoletely toothed midway on both sides.
(Speg.)

4. M. GLAUCA Phil.

Glabrous. Stem terete ; leaves ovate, amplexicaul, coriaceous, dentate-
spinose, glaucous ; cirrhi simple or trifid. Heads coarse. Involucral
scales broad-triangular, ovate, mucronate, sparsely tomentose. Ligules
about 20, broad, obscurely purplish.

(Chili) ; Chubut, upland shrubberies.

5. M. ILICIFOLIA Cav. (M. truncata D. Don.)

Stem climbing, terete, wingless. Leaves sessile, cordate, amplexicaul,
reticulate, coriaceous, their margins coarsely spinose-toothed, glabrous
both sides when adult, their midrib produced as a cirrhus. Involucre
ovate-oblong, with the outer scales ovate and apically appendaged ; inner
scales obtuse.

(Chili) ; Patagon. (M. and T.).

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 87 1

MUTISIA ILICIFOLIA TRUNCATA (Don.) DC.

Delandotte regards this as a young condition of the species ; having
leaves cordate-oblong, spinose-toothed at base and apex, and involucre
cylindrical.

(Chili) ; Patagon.

6. M. MOYANOI Speg.

Stems wingless, glabrous, 300-500 cm. tall, densely branching. Leaves
alternate, glabrous on both surfaces, ovate, apically truncate to retuse or
bilobed, margin entire or irregularly toothed ; reticulately nerved with a
\o>K<g cirrhus. Peduncles long, i -headed. Involucral scales, outer linear,
reflexed ; the others ovate ; the outermost appendaged. Ligules twice as
long as the involucre.

Chubut, in preandine shrubberies.

7. M. OLIGODON Poepp. & Endl.

Procumbent; branches angular, rather strict, hoary-tomentose. Leaves
lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acutish, sessile, subcordately amplexicaul,
apically sinuate on one or both sides, or 2-toothed ; margin entire, plane ;
glabrous above, tomentose underneath. Heads terminal, peduncled.
Lower involucral leaves with a lanceolate appendage, squarrose ; upper
ones obtuse, bearded at apex. Corollas of female ray elliptical, pink.

(S. Chili, in rocky alpine plains) ; Patagon. (M. and T.).

8. M. PATAGONICA Phil.

Stems climbing, subangulate or subalate. Leaves decurrent, lance-
linear, 8 by 2 cm., ending in a bifid cirrhus, plane, entire, save 1-2 basal
teeth, underneath wool-webby, a cottony bud in the axils. Involucre sub-
cylindrical, its scales appressed, ovate, not appendaged. Rays in lower
part densely woolly-webby.

(Chili); N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi ; Chubut, by Lago Fon-
tana.

9. M. PULCHELLA Speg.

Stems 50-250 cm. tall, wingless. Leaves subentire, elliptical, apically
truncate-bidentate or rounded, glabrous on upper surface, densely tomen-
tose underneath, having a simple cirrhus. Pedtmcles long, i -headed.
Involucral scales external, few, linear, acute, reflexed ; others broadly

872 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

ovate, not appendaged, but the innermost marginally hairy-ciliate. Ligides
twice as long as the involucre.
Chubut, in preandine shrubberies.

IO. MUTISIA RETRORSA Cav.

Stem climbing, terete, winged by the decurrent leaf-traces. Leaves
lance-linear, plane, entire ("semi-runcinate-pinnatifid," O. Ktze.), the lower
few-toothed at their base, with their nerve ending in a bifid cirrhus. In-
volucre ovate ; its scales appressed-ovate, appendiculate, obtuse.

(S. Chili, in mountain meadows); Patagon. ("Cirrhus simple," as in
DC. Prodr. is erroneous. O. Ktze.)

M. RETRORSA LATIFOLIA O. Ktze.

Leaves broader, ovate (less one-third), pinnatifid.

Patagon.

ii. M. SUBSPINOSA Cav.

Stem climbing, terete, subalate. Leaves sessile, basally decurrent,
lanceolate-linear, spinose-toothed, glabrous ; the midnerve produced to a
simple cirrhus. Involucre cylindrical, its scales appendaged. Heads
large, with golden ligules.

(Peru; Chili) ; Patagon. (Moreno and Tonini).

70. BRACHYCLADOS Don.

Rigid, branching shrub, with alternate, linear, entire leaves, their margins
sometimes revolute ; and rather large, peduncled, terminal, solitary heads
on the branches. Ray- and disk-flowers fertile, mostly yellow. Involucre
broad, its scales many-seriate, imbricate. Anthers long-tailed. Styles
obtuse, slightly 2-lobed. Achenes 5-ribbed, glandular. Pappus-setce
several-seriate, copious.

Species 6, Patagon. and Argentina.

i. B. INVOLUTUS O. Ktze.

Tall, with glabrescent, striate branches. Leaves solitary, or in sets of
2—4, puberulent, subfalcate, ± i cm. by 2 mm.; sessile, acute both ways,
one side more canaliculate. Peduncles 3 cm.; heads solitary, 2 cm. long
and broad. Ray-flowers 1 2 ; disk-flowers 20. Involucral scales 3~4-seri-
ate, externally tomentose, except the nerve; inner scales 15 by 3 mm.,
outer scales gradually shorter and revolute.

Patagon. (M. and T.).

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 873

2. BRACHYCLADOS LYCIOIDES Gill, and Don.

Differs from B. involutes, by having scarcely half as many involucral
scales ; which are not acuminate nor revolute ; and by having smaller
heads, and the leaves nearly twice as long.

(Andes of Mendoza) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

3. B. MACROCEPHALUS O. Ktze.

Low shrub, 50 cm. or more. Branches not striate, the young woolly.
Leaves basally 5-8 times dilated ; their dead bases persisting on the
branches. Heads subsessile, 3 cm. broad, 2 cm. long; yellow. Ray-
flowers 20 ; disk-flowers 40. Invohicral scales as B. involutes, but very
acute and rather rigid.

Patagon.; Lagos, about 5oth parallel (Carl Burmeister).

4. B. OBTUSIFOLIUS O. Ktze.

Low, robust, 10 cm. high, densely pulvinate-branching. Leaves falcate,
obtuse, epiphyl glabrous, hypophyl hoary and canaliculate ; 6 by 1.3 mm.;
basally somewhat dilated. Heads subsessile, i cm. broad and long ; ray-
flowers few ; disk-flowers about 30. Invohtcral scales about 20, oblong,
obtuse, apiculate.

Patagon. (M. and T.).

5. B. PYGM^EUS O. Ktze.

Very low, robust, prostrate, 15 cm. high ; very pulverulent, with crowded
branches. Leaves with widening base, woolly when young; the dead
bases persisting on the branches. Heads subsessile, 15 mm. long and
broad. Flowers smaller than in B. macrocephalus. Involucral bracts
15-20, acute.

Patagon. (M. and T.).

71. TRICHOCLINE Cass.

Perennial, herbs, with i -headed, mostly leafless scapes. Leaves rosu-
late. Heads rather large, yellow, radiate. Involucre broad ; its scales
many-seriate, imbricate. Receptacle plane, nearly naked. Ray-flowers
bilabiate, disk-flowers tubular, or all ligulate. Anthers long-tailed. Style-
branches short, wide. Achenes 5-costate. Pappus-setcz many-seriate,
copious.

Species 28, extratropical S. Amer., and Australia.

874 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

i. TRICHOCLINE HETEROPHYLLA Less.

Leaves glabrous or laxly villous, long-petioled, oblong, entire or pin-
natifid. Involucral inner scales obtuse or acute, their margins scarcely
scarious, not undulate.

(Brazil; very common about Bahia Blanca, called "Chucho," but the
true Chucho is solanaceous) ; probably in N. Patagon.

2. T. INCANA Cass.

Stem leafy ; its base densely woolly ; the leaves snowy-tomentose
underneath, entire, or mostly pinnatifid, their segments subentire. In-
volucral scales lanceolate, white-woolly below, acuminate, subequal.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 341, G, H.)

(S. Brazil; Argent); N. Patagon., near Rio Negro.

72. CHAPTALIA Vent.

Mostly stemless herbs from a perennial caudex. Leaves snowy under-
neath. Scapes i -headed, leafless, but often with bracts under the radiati-
form head. Involucral scales several-seriate, imbricate, narrow, acu-
minate, smaller outwards. Outer flowers ligulate, fertile ; inner
short-filiform ; innermost bilabiate. Anthers tailed. Style-branches
obtuse. Achenes narrowing upwards to a rostrum. Pappus-setce copi-
ous, barbellate.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 341, J-N.)

Species 21, Mex. and W. Indies to Argentina.

C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Cass. sub Lena.}

Leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, entire or with a few spinulose
teeth, white-tomentose underneath. Scape 30-45 cm. high; head at
length nodding. Involucral scales linear, apically subulate. Achenes
angled, minute, puberulous, 4 times shorter than the rostrum.

(Brazil); N. Patagon.

73. MACRACHyENIUM Hook. f.

More or less woolly herb, almost stemless, with tall, slender, i -headed
scape, and runcinate-pinnatifid leaves. Heads homogamous ; corollas
bilabiate. Involucre narrowly campanulate, its scales few-seriate, imbri-

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 875

cate. Receptacle naked. Anthers long-tailed. Style-branches truncate.
Achenes linear, striate. Pappus long-plumose.
Species 2. S. Patagon. and Fuegia.

i. MACRACHAENIUM FOLIOSUM Alboff.

Stem to 50 cm. tall, erect, weak, nodding under the head, sparsely
woolly above; s-y-foliate, rarely leafless. Radical leaves large, broad-
oblong, deeply runcinate-pinnatifid ; the lobes on each side 2-4, broad-
oblong, few-lobulate, their lobules ending in a point; white-tomentose
underneath. Petioles long, narrowly winged, floccose. Cauline leaves
smaller, on shorter petioles. Involucre ovate-cylindric, woolly. Pappus
white, yellowish at base.

Fuegia, by Beagle Channel ; at Ushuaia, Valley of Rio Olivaia ;
Navarin I.

2. M. GRACILE Hook. f.

Scape 60 cm. high. Head 25 mm. long. Flowers white. A fine plant.
Magellan ; by Hatcher, in Cordilleras of S. Patagon.

74. NASSAUVIA Juss.

Cespitose or diffuse undershrubs or herbs, glabrous or villous, with leafy,
flowering branches. Leaves alternate, imbricate, often patent or recurved,
rigid and ciliolate. Heads sessile, in glomerules, or few, or solitary;
homogamous, few-flowered (3-5, or fewer), with oblong involucre, the
few-seriate scales rigid, acute or subspinescent. Receptacle naked. An-
thers long-tailed. Style-branches truncate. Achenes glabrous or villous.
Pappus of pales or setae, i-2-seriate, often flat, rarely only 5-6.

(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 348, A, B.)

Species 25, extratropical. S. Amer and Andes. " The woody group
of this genus is nearly peculiar to continental S. Amer., and to its drier
parts ; not crossing the Strait of Magellan on its western side ; but on
the east a few stretch down to Port Gregory, Staaten I., and the Falklands."

SECTIONS OF THE GENUS:

1. Nasscea. Heads in terminal, globular or ovoid glomerules. Pappus-

scales 3-5, i -seriate, not plumose, easily deciduous.

2. Strongyloma. Heads in axillary glomerules, and these in a long, leafy

spike.

876 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

3. Panargyrus. Heads in terminal glomerules. Pappus-setae numerous,

i-2-seriate, not easily deciduous, sometimes plumose.

4. Mastigophorus. Heads solitary. Pappus-scales numerous, 1-2-

seriate, or few.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Heads in terminal glomerules.

b. Nasscea. Pappus pales 3-5, deciduous. Shrubs with ovate leaves.

c. Leaves dimorphous, spiniferous, entire on sterile shoots, pinnatifid on floral stems.

heterophylla.

c2. Leaves imbricate, spinose-toothed. Low, branching, glabrous. nordenskjoldii.

c$. Leaves glabrous, rigid, imbricate, black -tipped. Dwarf cespitose. pumila.
£-4. Leaves revolute, with impressed parallel costae.
d. Glomerules subglobose.

e. Leaves entire, hirsute on lower surface. nivalis.

c2. Leaves spinulose-serrate, pubescent at first. revoluta.

d2. Glomerules large, ovate. Leaves serrate, silky. serpens.

d-t,. Glomerules in a short spike. Leaves gray-pubescent. dusenii.

c^. Leaves imbricate, impressed-striate, recurved margin and apex, silvery underneath.

Glomerules at length leafy. argentea.

b2. Panargyrus. Pappus sets I— 2-seriate, often plumose, not deciduous.
c. Fruticose.
d. Cespitose.

e. Leaves linear, rigid, entire, glabrous. Pappus plumose. abbreviata.

e2. Leaves obovate-cuneate, recurved, covering all the stem.

lagascce (of H. & A.).
d2. Stem and leaves silky. Pappus plumose.

e. Leaves linear-subulate, short. Heads in a terminal golden mass.

candollei.
C2. Leaves linear, subulate, pungent. Flowering branches scape-like.

darwinii.
e?,. Leaves sparse, linear, entire, soft, obtuse. Heads crowded apically on the

branches. laxa.

d$. Hoary velvety. Ascending. Leaves crowded at base, pinnatifid, spinose. Ter-
minal racemes on branches. spinosa.
c2. Herbs, with spinose leaves.

d. Erect, simple stem. Leaves villous, cuneate, ovate, incised. suaveolens.

d2. Subcespitose. Leaves glabrous to webby, linear-lanceolate. Pappus not plu-
mose, subspinosa.
A2. Strongyloma. Heads in axillary glomerules, forming a leafy spike.

b. Leaves oval, toothed-ciliate at base, apically recurved. Cespitose shrub. Pappus pales 3—4.

pygmcea.

b2. Primary leaves subtending secondary fascicles.
c. Primaries subulate, sheathing.

d. Secondaries linear-mucronate, recurved. Heads subternate. axillaris.

d2. Secondaries complicate-incurved. Heads solitary. glomerulosa.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 877

c2. Primaries spinescent. Secondaries rosulate.

d. Primaries linear-subulate. Secondaries minute, ovate. Heads in 2*s or 3's, 1-2-

flowered. patagonica.

d2. Primaries broad-subulate ; secondaries short, obtuse. Heads subglomerate.

rosulata.

£3. Leaves cuneate-oblong, serrate, imbricate. magellanica.

64. Leaves ovate, spinose, serrate. Glomerules in a leafy raceme. pyramidalis.

A$. Mastigophorus. Heads solitary. Pappus pales I— 2-seriate.

b. Low, branching shrubs, with short, broad, thick, sessile leaves, imbricate and amplexicaul.
c. Heads sessile.

d. Leaves recurved, silky ; 5 white flowers in the head. ameghinoi.

d2. Leaves orbicular, etnarginate ; 5 yellow flowers. bryoides.

d$. Leaves deltoid, pilose-glabrescent, entire or two-toothed. morenonis.

c2. Heads small, solitary on short branches. Leaves suborbicular-deltoid, silky. Achenes

villous. modesta.

62. Low, branching, with leaves longer than wide.
c. Heads terminal, solitary.

d. Leaves linear-subulate, spinulose-toothed. Petioles dilated at insertion.

remeyana.

d2. Leaves lanceolate, spinulose-serrate. gaudichaudii.

c2. Leaves narrow, pungent. Achenes villous.

d. Heads on short axillary branches. Leaves linear. scleranthoides.

d2. Heads solitary, ending the branches. Leaves subulate. ulicina.

£3. Cespitose. Leaves spiniferous.

c. Leaves ovate, glabrous ; branches cottony below. Achenes glabrous. Heads small,

solitary in the axils. chubiitensis.

c2. Leaves ovate-triangular, recurved ; those on sterile branches basally cucullate, ending
in a long spine. Heads terminal, solitary. struthionum.

i. NASSAUVIA ABBREVIATA (Hook. & Arn. sub Panargyrus).

Cespitose, glabrous, branching at the base, substoloniferous. Leaves
rigid, spreading, recurved, linear, acuminate, mucronate, entire, sheathing
at the base, with silky axils. Heads in terminal hemispherical glomerules.
Pappus plumose.

Magellan ; N. Fuegia (Dusdn).

N. ABBREVIATA SUBSPINOSA Phil.

Chubut, in dry rocks ; Fuegia.

2. N. AMEGHINOI Speg.

(Mastigophoms.'] Shrubby, branching, cespitose. Leaves remotely
imbricate, recurved, minute, thick, entire, their venter convex, glabrous,
2-sulcate, dorsally appressed, silky-villous, sessile, i -toothed on each side

878 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

of sheath, subscarious, amplexicaul. Heads apical, solitary, sessile ; with
5 white flowers.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge.

3. NASSAUVIA ARGENTEA Phil.

Stems ascending, branching. Leaves imbricate all over the stem, semi-
amplexicaul, ovate-oblong, acute, with recurved margin and apex, their
upper surface parallel-impressed-striate and pubescent ; the under surface
with dense silvery silk. Heads crowded in a glomerule, at length leafy.
(Chili, Valdivian Andes, in snow) ; Chubut Mts. (" Var. of N. navalis"
Speg.).

4. N. AXILLARIS Don.

Primary leaves subulate-trigonous, cucullate-sheathing at base. Second-
aries fasciculate, linear-mucronate, recurved. Heads subternate.
(Argentina) ; Patagon. M. & T.

5. N. BRYOIDES O. Hoffmann. (Plate XXVIII, A.)

Dwarf skn&i branching, forming a cushion; the branches short and
densely leafy. Leaves close, imbricate, sessile, orbiculate, entire, pale at
base, green at apex, emarginate, slightly complicate. Heads sessile, sol-
itary at ends of some branches, radiant. Invohtcre cylindrical, of 8-10
scales, the outer ovate, the inner elliptic, all sparsely villous and mucro-
nate. Flowers 5, yellow. Achenes silky. Pappus-pales linear, silky.

"Assumes many forms," "habit of Androsace."

S. Patagon., in Upper Valley of the Rio Gallegos (Nordenskjold) ; by
Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz (Hatcher).

6. N. CANDOLLEI Macl. (Panargyms lagasca DC. 1838 non Caloptilium

lag H. & A. 1835).

Stem and leaves silky ; the leaves linear-subulate, short, revolute, sup-
porting the heads which are conglomerate in a terminal, hemispherical,
golden mass. Pappus plumose.

S. Patagon. (by Hatcher in the Cordilleras. Feb. 11, 1897. One
specimen has two heads close together on a forking branch).

7. N. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.

Undershrub, laxly pulvinate-cespitose, branchlets long, erect, cottony
below, glabrate towards the apex, laxly leafy. Leaves glabrous, ovate,

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 879

with 2 spreading spines on the margins, and a larger trifid apical spine.
Heads small, solitary at the axils of the upper leaves, involucral scales 8.
Flowers 5, white. Achenes obovate, glabrous.
Chubut, in dry, gravelly valleys.

8. NASSAUVIA DARWINII (Hook. & Arn. sub Panargyrus}.

Cespitose and woody, branching at base and appressed-silky. Flower-
ing-branches long, sparsely leafy, scape-like above. Leaves linear-subu-
late, pungent, entire, their margins obscurely revolute. Heads crowded
in larger heads at ends of branches, with subulate bracts. Pappus i -seri-
ate, plumose.

Magellan ; Puerto Deseado; E. Fuegia (Dusen). ("Chiefly in the East-
ern parts; a steppe plant") Killik-Aike (Barnum Brown).

9. N. DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.1 (Plate XXX, C, D.)
Low undershrub, branching from the base, the branches ascending, and
covered from base to apex by closely imbricate leaves ; leaves grey-pubes-
cent on both surfaces, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, briefly spi-
nose-mucronate, sessile with a broad base, the upper surface with many
parallel striae, the margin with short spinose teeth from the excurrent
nerves. Upper leaves erect, plane ; the lowest reflexed from their base.
Heads crowded in a short, cylindraceous, terminal spike. Bracts leafy,
slightly shorter than the subtended head.

Branches, as well as the whole plant examined, 10 cm. long. Leaves
12 mm. long by 5 mm. broad. Spike about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad.
W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen. Coll. Dusen, Feb. 13, 1897 (n-

10. N. GAUDICHAUDII Cass. (DC. sub Mastigophorus.~]
Stem shrubby, branching, cespitose. Leaves lanceolate, carinate, nerv-

ose, acute, with recurved margin, spinulose-serrate. Heads solitary, ter-

minal. Pappiis of broad pales

(N. pygmaa H. f. ? Approaches N. glomerata Gill.)
Magellan ; Falklands ; S. Patagon. (Hatcher).

1 NASSAUVIA DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.

Suffruticosa humilis, a basi ramosa, ramis adscendentibus foliosis, foliis a basi usque ad apicem
arete imbricatis utrinque griseo-pubescentibus ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis breviter
spinoso-mucronatis, basi lata sessilibus, supra parallele multistriatis, margine nervis excurrentibus
breviter spinoso-dentatis, superioribus erectis planis, inferioribus a basi reflexis ; capitulis in spicam
terminalem breviter cylindraceam congestis, bracteis foliaceis capitulo suffulto paulo brevioribus.

88O PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

ii. NASSAUVIA GLOMERULOSA Don. (DC. sub Strongyloma.}
Primary leaves subulate, dilated at base ; secondaries complicate in-
curved, muticous. Heads solitary. (Near N. axillaris.']
(Chili, in high Andes) ; Patagon.

12. N. HETEROPHYLLA Alboff.

Long, creeping rhizome, sending up floriferous, villous stems and sterile,
glabrous shoots. Leaves dissimilar; on the shoots ovate-lanceolate to
ovate, entire, ending in long spines ; on the flowering stems broader, pin-
natifid, with linear, spinescent segments, rarely apically toothed. Heads
in an ovoid, terminal raceme. Invohicral scales leaf-like but broader,
villous. Beautiful, with white, aromatic flowers.

Fuegia, mountains near Ushuaia.

13. N. LAGASCE (H. & A. sub Caloptilium, 1835).

Cespitose. Leaves imbricated, oboval-cuneate, crenulate, nervose-striate,
recurved, covering all the stem. Heads glomerate at the apex of the
stem, with sessile glomerules.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine, Chubut in mountain rocks.

14. N. LAXA (Phil, sub Panargyrus}.

Silvery-silky. Stem laxly branching, procumbent, the flowering
branches ascending. Leaves sparse, linear, entire, obtuse, herbaceous,
soft, 13 by 2 mm. Heads crowded at the tops of the branches. Floral-
leaves lance-linear. Pappus plumose. Branches 12 cm. long.

S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos.

15. N. MAGELLANICA Gmel.

Stem ascending, closed with alternate, imbricate leaves, which are cuneate-
oblong, pointed, deeply serrate. Spike simple, dense, terminal, invested
with ovate, acute bracteoles. Exquisitely scented.

Magellan.

1 6. N. MODESTA O. Hoffmann.

(Mastigophorus.} Low, branching shrub, 10 cm., rooting at base.
Leaves imbricate, suborbicular, amplexicaul, the limb deltoid, mucronate,
entire, minutely silky-puberulous. Heads small, solitary, ending the
short, few-leaved branches, sessile. Involucral scales 5, broad-elliptical,

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 88 1

mucronate, 3-nerved. Flowers 5, outer lip radiant. Achenes silky-villous.
Pappiis-pales 5, white-silky.

S. Patagon., by Rio Guillermo (Nordenskjold).

17. NASSAUVIA MORENONIS O. Ktze.

(Mastigop horus.} Densely cespitose herb, with thick, short, rooting
branches, 2-3 cm. high. Leaves imbricate, amplexicaul, pilose-glabres-
cent, deltoid, 2—3 mm. long, and basally as broad, apex obtuse, recurved,
thick, entire or 2-toothed. Head solitary, sessile, terminal. Involucral
scales 4, scarious, ovate, 2 mm. long, spinose-acuminate, with a reflexed
point, denticulate, pilose ; with 2 linear, shorter bracteoles. Flowers 4-5,
bilabiate. Pappus-setce 4, pilose, sublanceolate. Achene glabrous.

Patagon. (M. & T.).

1 8. N. NIVALIS Poepp.

Stem suffruticose, creeping, ascending, sparsely branching. Leaves
imbricate its entire length, amplexicaul, broad-ovate, recurved at apex,
rough below, smooth above, with parallel, impressed striae, entire. Heads
in a subglobose glomerule, slightly exceeding the bracts. Achenes oblong,
turbinate, glabrous. Pappus of i -seriate, linear pales. (Near N. serpens.]

(S. Chili, at 2,500 m. elevation) ; S. Patagon., in Cordilleras, by
Hatcher.

19. N. NORDENSKJOLDII O. Hoffmann. (Plate XXVIII, B.)
Low, branching, glabrous shrub. Leaves closely imbricate, ovate, with
a broad base, semiamplexicaul and soft-toothed, and spinose-toothed
above. Heads glomerate at the end of the branches, each with a leafy
bract. Involucral scales 2-3-seriate, 6-1 o sublanceolate, entire. Achenes
glabrous. Pappus-pales 3-5, white, caducous.

S. Fuegia, by Beagle Channel ; S. Patagon., in Valley of Rio Gallegos
(Nordenskj.) ; and on volcanic rocks at high altitudes near head of Rio
Chico de la Sta. Cruz (Hatcher).

2O. N. PATAGONICA Speg.

(Strongyloma.'] Primary leaves linear-subulate, rigid, spinescent, at first
erect-pubescent, afterwards spreading, glabrous. Secondary leaves minute,
ovate, obtuse, sessile, sheathing, fascicled, and rosulate in the axils of the
primaries. Heads in 2's or 3's, sessile on the apex of the peduncles,

882 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

from axils of the primary leaves, i-2-flowered, the outer bracts spines-
cent ; the inner appressed, unarmed.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; Killik-Aike (Barnum Brown).

21. NASSAUVIA PUMILA Endl. & Poepp.

Glabrous dwarf, cespitose, branching. Leaves rigid, apically recurved,
imbricate, sessile, ovate, acute, ciliolate at the base, apically blackish and
3-toothed, the teeth denticulated. Heads sessile, terminal, crowded amid
the leaves, 5-flowered. Involucral scales scarious, apically black, the
outer shorter and narrower. Achenes obovate. Pappiis-pales 3-5, cadu-
cous, longer than the achenes.

Patagon., Chubut, in mountains; Fuegia, alpine above Ushuaia.

22. N. PYGIVLCA Hook. f. (DC. sub Strongyloma ; H. & A.

pkyllum.]

Shrubby, cespitose, glabrous. Leaves oval, acute, dentate-ciliate at
their base, apically recurved. Heads crowded at the apex, intermixed
with floral leaves. Pappus-pales 3-4.

Magellan; Fuegia, by Orange Harbor and Blossom Bay. (As Tri-
achne, save that its pappus is as Nassauvia pumila, DC. Prodr., vii, 50.
" Like a starved specimen of N. gaudichaudii." J. D. H.)

23. N. PYRAMIDALIS Meyen.

Glabrous, suffruticulose, branches strict. Leaves ovate, rigid at base,
spinose-serrate, ending in a spinose point. Heads crowded in the upper-
most axils, making an ovoid raceme ; lower bracts exceeding the heads.
Receptacle naked.

Near N. macrantha DC., but differing by having the leaves ovate, not
lanceolate, stem strict, heads glomerate.

Patagon. ; Chili, by Rio Maipu (33° 5).

N. PYRAMIDALIS ARACHNOIDEA O. Ktze.

Leaves and shoots webby, but the sterile stems glabrous.
Patagon., Lagos.

24. N. REMEYANA Wedd.

Leaves crowded, linear-subulate, gradually attenuate from a dilated
base, laxly spinulose-dentate, pubescent or glabrate. Heads solitary,

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 883

terminal, 4 cm. long. Papptts-setce linear, rather persisting. Leaf-
borders armed with the sharp spines.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cordilleras. (Also a specimen in Gray
Herb.)

"Food of Rhea."

(N. repens d'Urv. = TV. serpens d'Urv.)

25. NASSAUVIA REVOLUTA Gill.

(Nass&a.} Pubescent. Leaves ovate, revolute, spinulose-serrate, at
length glabrate above ; costae numerous, impressed-parallel, round, con-
tiguous. Heads in a roundish spike. Pappus i -seriate, of linear pales.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 348, B.)
(Argentina) ; S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro (Nordenskj.).

26. N. ROSULATA Ball. (H. & A. sub Acanthophyllum.]

(Strongyloma.} Dwarf, cespitose, branching from the base. Leaves
woolly ; primary leaves broad-subulate, amplexicaul, spinescent ; secondary
very short and obtuse, concave, rosulate, densely covering the lower part
of the stem. Heads subglomerate, the lateral shortly peduncled.

Beautiful plants, the secondary leaves forming rosules in the axils of
the primaries, which they soon obliterate, so as entirely to clothe the old
parts of the stem. "A stunted shrub." "It is used to make combs for
the Indian women."

Patagon., by Puerto Deseado, and northward; Chubut.

27. N. SCLERANTHOIDES O. Hoffmann.

Low, branching shrub, the branches prostrate. Leaves imbricate,
appressed-silky, from a short, broad, amplexicaul sheath, suddenly atten-
uate to a spreading, linear, entire limb, with thick edge and pungent tip.
Heads solitary on ends of short axillary branches. Involucral scales,
outer 3-4, short, ovate ; inner longer and narrower ; all appressed-silky,
hyaline-edged and mucronate. Flowers 4-6. Achenes villous. Pappus-
pales 3, white, caducous. (Mastigophorus, with habit of the section
Strongyloma. )

Patagon., at Puerto Madryn (Dusen).

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY. ^^

28. NASSAUVIA SERPENS d'Urv.

Stem suffruticose, 30-60 cm. high, creeping, sparingly branching. Leaves
along its whole length imbricate, amplexicaul, broad-ovate, serrate, acute,
suberect or recurved, coriaceous, parallel-striate, more or less silky. Heads
4-5-flowered, sessile at the leaf-like bracts, in a large, dense, ovate glome-
rule. Achenes glabrous. Pappus-setce 4-5.

Falklands; "abundant in the streams of stones; sending its brittle
stems, several fathoms long, down through the rocks to the underlying
soil." S. and W. Patagon., in upper valley of Rio Aysen (Dus£n).

29. N. SPINOSA Don.

(Panargyrus.] Stem fruticulose, ascending. Branches velvety. Leaves
crowded at the base, distant upwards, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, den-
tate, spinose, hoary-villous, becoming smooth. Heads racemed at the
end of the branches, the lower a little distant and axillary, above crowded
and shortly pedicelled. Pappus i -seriate.

(Chili) ; Patagon., common by Rio Gallegos and Rio Sta. Cruz.

30. N. STRUTHIONUM (Phil, sub Strongylomd}.

Low, cespitose shrub. Leaves of fertile branches sessile, imbricate,
ovate-triangular, acute, coriaceous, apically recurved ; those of the sterile
branches form a cucullate base ending in a long spine. Heads terminal,
solitary. Pales linear.

S. Patagon., by Lago Pinto ; Fuegia, Punta Anegada. Favorite food
of rhea.

31. N. SUAVEOLENS Willd.

Stem herbaceous, erect, simple. Leaves cuneate, ovate, coarsely and
acutely incised, subspinescent at the apex, villous beneath. Heads in a
terminal, ovate glomerulus ; bracts villous, exceeding the heads.

S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; S. Fuegia to near Cape Horn.

32. N. SUBSPINOSA (Phil, sub Panargyrus].

Low, subcespitose herb, glabrous or arachnoid-silky. Leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate, pungent, armed at both margins with a spiny tooth.
Floral leaves similar, but often entire. Heads crowned at tops of the
branches. Pappus not plumose.

(Chili) ; Fuegia; S. Patagon., by Hatcher at head of Rio Chico.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 885

33. NASSAUVIA ULICINA (Hook. f. sub Trianthus}.
Woody, depressed, glabrous. Leaves subulate, pungent, spreading-re-
curved, imbricating and sheathing at the base. Heads solitary at the
ends of the branches, about 3-flowered. Invohtcral scales few. Achenes
villous. Pappus of 3-5 pales.
Patagon.

75. TRIPTILION Ruiz & Pav.

Annual or perennial, erect herbs, with rather small, 3-5 flowered heads
in terminal corymbs, or occasionally solitary ; flowers all hermaphrodite.
Involucre ovoid or oblong, its scales few, acute, the inner 5 subequal and
erect. Receptacle small, nearly naked. Corollas bilabiate. Anthers
connate-tailed. Ac hems obovoid, papillose. Pappiis of 4-5 caducous
pales. Leaves scattered, often spinose-toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers
blue or white.

Species 7, Chili to Patagon. Differs from Nassauvia chiefly in habit.

TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp. (Plate XXX, E.)1
Low, erect, slender, annual, branching from the base or upwards, hispid,
with short hairs. Leaves small, appressed strigulose, sessile, with a broad
base ; oblong in outline, pinnately 5-cleft, with linear rachis, and short,
subacute segments. Floral leaves lanceolate, entire. Heads crowded at
ends of stem and branches, or solitary on the lower branches, pediceled,
the upper sessile, Involucral scales oblong, acute, green, with white,
hyaline margin, apically pubescent, about 5-nerved, subcarinate. Flowers
slightly exsert. Corolla (dry) white ; pappus snowy.

Plant, including the root, 6-7 cm. high. Largest leaves, 9 mm. long,
inclusive of their dentiform segments, 2.y2 mm. broad, rachis i>£ mm.
broad. Heads 6 mm., involucre 4 mm. high.

S. Cm'li; Los Angeles. Coll. Dusen, Jan. 29, 1896 (n. 214).

1 TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm., n. sp.

Annua gracilis humilis erecta a basi vel superne ramosa, pilis brevibus hispida, foliis parvis
appresse strigulosis, basi lata sessilibus, ambitu oblongis, pinnatim 5-fidis, rhachi lineari, segmentis
brevibus acutis vel subobtusis, latitudine circiter quartam rhacheos partem aequantibus ; foliis
floralibus lanceolatis integris ; capitulis ad apices caulis et ramorum glomeratis vel ad ramos
inferiores solitariis, plus minus evidenter pedicellatis, superioribus sessilibus, involucri squamis
oblongis acutis viridibus, margine albo-hyalino cinctis, apicem versum pubescentibus pluri- (ca. 5-)
nerviis, nervo mediano crassiore subcarinatis, floribus paulum exsertis, corollis (e sicco) albis ;
pappo niveo.

886 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Allied to Tr. etiphrasiodes Bert, a species doubtfully pronounced peren-
nial by De Candolle, and enumerated among the perennial forms by
Philippi ; but, according to the specimens in the Berlin Herbarium, annual.
Its leaves, however, are petiolate, and more pinnately parted, and its lobes
may be 12, as against 2 in our plant. Tr. andinum Phil., very similar in
habit, is distinguished by the spinose bracts and leaf-segments.

76. STRONGYLOMOPSIS Speg.

Habit, head and flowers as Nassauvia, Sec. Strongyloma; but pappus
none.

S. FUEGIANA Speg.

Perennial, loosely cespitose, the branches suberect, short. Leaves
nearly isomorphous, elongate, linear-subulate, trigonous, acute. Pleads
sessile at ends of the branches, mostly solitary. Involucral scales usually
6-seriate, glabrous, the three outer small. Flowers 5, corollas bilabiate,
white ; achenes silky-pubescent.

Golfo de S. Sebastian, E. Fuegia. Stems woody, tortuose. Habit of
N. (Strong.'] patagonica Speg.

77. AMEGHINOA Speg.

(Allied to Nassauvia.} Head discoid, equal-flowered ; flowers numer-
ous, hermaphrodite, fertile. Involucre campanulate ; its scales about i-
seriate, with a few outer and shorter additional. Receptacle naked, alveo-
late. Corolla bilabiate, the outer lip 3-toothed ; the inner narrowly
2-toothed. Anthers with a scarious, lanceolate, inferior appendage, atten-
uate-petiolate, as long as itself, basi-sagittate, and produced in bar-
bellate tails nearly as long. Style-branches short, terete, truncate.
Achenes subturbinate, costate, truncate above. Pappus-setts i -seriate,
denticulate.

A small shrub, with subcoriaceous, dentate or lobed, spinulose leaves.
Heads partly corymbed at the tops of the branches, briefly peduncled or
sessile. Corollas ochroleucous. Achenes puberulo-hispid.

Only one species, viz. :

A. PATAGONICA Speg.

Branching shrub, nearly i meter high. Leaves subsessile, broad-ovate,
pinnately lobed ; the lobes entire, spinulose-mucronate, more or less laxly

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 887

and minutely glandular-hispid. Bracts lanceolate, acute, carinate, dor-
sally glandular-pulverulent.
S. Patagon., by Rio Deseado.

78. LASIORRHIZA Lag. (1811. Leucheria Lag., same date, but
without species. Leiiceria, Auct. Chabrcea DC, 1812.)

Heads homogamous, radiatiform, or flowers subequal. Involucre broad,
its scales few-seriate, imbricate, lanceolate, herbaceous, the inner apically
scarious. Receptacle naked or with few pales near its border. Corollas
bilabiate. Anthers with long tails ; style-branches truncate. Pappiis-setce
i -seriate, united at base. Achenes obovoid or oblong, papillose or finely
villous, the ribs not prominent.

Herbs more or less woolly. Leaves often radical. Heads mid-sized
and panicled, or larger and solitary on scapes, purple or pink to white.
(The Patagonian forms have the heads usually solitary.)

Species 60, in Andes and extratrop. parts of S. Amer. to Patagon.,

Fuegia and Falklands.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A, Stems developed.

b. Subglabrous, branching. Leaves bipinnatifid, segments linear; upper leaves simpler.

Heads long-stalked. an'themidi folia.

62. Sparsely hairy. Leaves pinnatipartite, the upper sessile segments rounded. Heads

large. suaveolens.

£3. Woolly.

c. Stem simple.

d. Leaves bipinnatifid ; segments ovate. achill&ifolia.

d2. Cauline leaves broad-lanceolate. gossypina.

d~>,. Stems many from a rhizome. Lower leaves linear or broader. Flowers red.

hahnii.
</4. Stems many scapiform. Leaves lyrate to spatulate, toothed, etc. Heads small ;

flowers white. gracilis.

C2. Stems low.

d. Cauline leaves linear, bipinnatifid. Flowers white. ibari.

d2. Leaves pinnatifid-incised to spatulate. Bract half-way on the scape. Flowers

white to pink. lanata.

d$. Branches crowded, leafy. Leaves ovate, cleft. Head subsessile. leontopodiodes.
d^. Stems leafy. Leaves pinnatisect ; segments 4 pairs, short ; the lower leaves

smaller. Peduncles solitary. Flowers yellow-red. lanigera.

^.Leaves tomentose underneath, pinnatifid, auricled, semiamplexicaul. stricta.

A2. Stemless. Woolly.

b. Leaves lanceolate-linear, entire. patagonica.

bz. Leaves some pinnatifid, mostly oblanceolate, entire. Flowers pink. fuegina.

888 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

£3. Leaves pinnatifid.

c. Lobes 5 pairs, entire, with a terminal 3-lobed. candidissima.

c2. Lobes 6—8, imbricate. Scapes in pairs. Flowers dark-purple. hoffmanni.

64. Leaves pinnatisect ; segments 7 pairs, 3-lobed. Flowers purple. purpurea.

£5. Woolly and green. Leaves pinnatisect, the lobes 3-lobed, decussate-imbricate. Flowers
white to pink. scrobicidata.

i. LASIORRHIZA ACHILL^EIFOLIA (Hook. & Arn., sub Leuceria].

Stem slender, 15-20 cm. high, dichotomously branching, puberulous.
Leaves remote, bipinnatifid, the segments small, ovate, obtuse, their axils
and rachis rather woolly. Involucre campanulate, its scales linear-oblong,
obtuse, tuberulous. Ligules oblong.

Patagon., at Puerto Deseado.

2. L. ANTHEMIDIFOLIA (Phil., sub. Leuceria] O. Ktze.

Low perennial to 25 cm. high, branching from the base, rather gla-
brous, glandular. Leaves of linear outline, bipinnatifid, the segments
linear, entire or incised, acute. Lowest leaves long petioled, the upper
sessile and gradually -simpler, lastly linear bracts. Heads with rather
long peduncles ; involucral scales dorsally and apically glandular ; the
inner with scarious sides.

Patagon., near Lago Pinto.

3. L. CANDIDISSIMA (Gill. & Don., sub. Leuceria].

Stemless, with snowy wool. Leaves incised pinnatifid ; the lobes, 5
pairs, ovate-oblong, acute, entire, and a terminal 3-lobed part. Scape
nearly naked, i -headed.

(Chili; Argent); S. Patagon., by head of Rio Chico (J. B. Hatcher,
Feb. 9, 1897) ; Fuegia. (Fuegian specimens are lower, with fewer lobes of
leaves and less deeply cut ; often like L. hahni, having some entire rad-
ical leaves. Speg.)

4. L. FUEGINA (DC., sub Chabrcea] O. Ktze.

Stemless, arachnoid-woolly. Leaves ere'ct, the lowest pinnatifid, but
most oblanceolate, attenuate to a long petiole, entire. Peduncles radical,
nearly leafless, i -headed. Involucral scales rather obtuse. Ligules pink.
Near L. candidissima}.

(Chili) ; Patagon. ; E. and N. Fuegia ; Magellan (Dusen).

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE.

5. LASORRHIZA GOSSYPINA (H. & A., sub Leucerid].

Densely woolly. Stem simple, leafy, i -flowered. Radical leaves?
Cauline leaves very broad-lanceolate, acuminate, rather naked upwards.
Involucre campanulate, its scales oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly as long
as the flowers. Ligules oblong.

Falklands.

6. L. GRACILIS (Alboff, sub Leucerid]. (DC., sub Ckabrcea.]

Green, 16-30 cm. high, with many stems, slender, scapiform, having
1-3 narrow, linear bracts, or bractless, sparsely woolly or hairy. Leaves
slender, membranaceous, lyrate or spatulate, entire or sparingly toothed,
or pinnately incised or partite. Heads rather small, slender, with white
flowers.

Fuegia, valley of Olivaia on Beagle Channel.

7. L. HAHNII (Franchet, sub Leucerid].

Rhizome thick, many-stemmed, covered by black remains of leaves.
Plant white-woolly. Stems, 30 cm. high, i -headed, nearly naked above.
Floral leaves linear or oblong-spatulate, attenuate-petiolate, petiole widen-
ing below. Head 20 mm. in diameter. Involucral scales 2-seriate, outer
obtuse, inner acutish. Receptacle naked. Flowers bilabiate, subequal,
bright red. Achenes scabrid. Pappus of white barbellate hairs, rufous
at tip.

Fuegia, Beagle Channel, at Lapataia and Ushuaia; S. Patagon., at
head of Rio Chico (Hatcher, Feb. 11).

8. L. HOFFMANN: (Dusen, sub Leucerid].

Low, 4-5 cm., woolly. Leaves radical, rosulate, pinnatifid; their seg-
ments 6-8, oblong, elliptical, imbricate, the uppermost at least incised;
sheaths exceeding the laminae, S-y-striate, woolly-margined. Scapes in
pairs, as long as the leaves, i -headed, with 1-2 linear leaves. Heads
hemispherical. Bracts 2-seriate, acute, 3-nerved, woolly on the outside.
Rays black-purple, linear, cochleate-revolute. Achene papillous. Pappus
snow-white.

S. Patagon., Cerro-peliki, to 500 m. of elevation. (O. Nordenskjold.)

890 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

9. LASIORRHIZA IBARI (Phil., sub Leuceria].

Perennial, with low stem, corymbosely branching, base and petioles
white-woolly. Basal leaves? Cauline leaves, linear in outline, bipinnat-
ifid, the lower semiamplexicaul. Heads very shortly pediceled. Invo-
lucral scales, gland-puberulous, purplish at margins. Corollas white.

S. Patagon., at Rio Sta. Cruz; Chubut.

10. L. LANATA (Alboff, sub Leuceria].

Low, 8-12 cm., woolly, very variable. Leaves varying as to woolli-
ness, deeply pinnatifid-incised, or pinnatifid, or lyrate, or spatulate. Scape
low, white, with a linear bract half-way up. Ligules exceeding the invo-
lucre, white to deep pink.

Fuegia, heights above Ushuaia.

Allied to L. purpurea, and L. candidissima, and L. ftiegina; all may
form a single species.

ii. L. LANIGERA (O. Hoffmann, sub Leuceria].

Low, 7 cm., woolly, bearing few, short, leafy stems. Catiline leaves
pinnatipartite, segments 4 pairs, short-elliptical, entire (or the upper
incised), imbricate, the sheath longer than the lamina, many-striate, webby ;
lower leaves with smaller lamina. Peduncles solitary, as long as the
leaves. Heads mid-size, with yellow-red, linear-oblong rays. Involucre
hemispherical, its scales i-2-seriate, oblong, acute, the outer webby,
nerves 3, dark. Achenes granulate. Pappus snow-white.

S. Patagon., Cerro-paliki, at 450 m. elevation (O. Nordenskjold).

12. L. LEONTOPODIOIDES O. Ktze.

Perennial, low, 15 cm., woolly, with crowded, leafy branches. Leaves
hidden in wool, with lamina 5 mm. long, ovate, 6-8-cleft; petiole 25 mm.,
its base sheathing. Head solitary, terminal, subsessile, campanulate, 10
mm. high by 15 mm. broad. Involucral scales 2-seriate, lanceolate.
Flowers bilabiate, the outer ligulate. Achenes narrow-turbinate, verru-
cose. Receptacle naked. Pappus-setts many.

S. Patagon., at Cerro Toro.

13. L. PATAGONICA (Speg. sub Leuceria].

Stemless. Leaves all radical, rosulate, lance-linear, entire, subacute,
densely webby and white-woolly. Scape woolly, exceeding the leaves;

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 89 1

simply i -headed. Involucre i-2-seriate. Ray-flowers exceeding the disk,
with no chaff between the outer flowers.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine ; E. Fuegia (Dusen).

14. LASORRHIZA PURPUREA (DC. sub Chabrcea ; H. & A. sub Lettceria].

Stemless, with woolly base, scape and petioles. Leaves pinnatisect,
their segments about 7 pairs, distant, 3-lobed. Scape i -headed. Ray of
ligulate purple flowers.

N. and E. Fuegia, Magellan., Patagon., by Hatcher in valley of Rio Sta.
Cruz, January 16. "Chiefly in the steppe-region." (See L. lanata.]

15. L. SCROBICULATA (DC. sub ChabrcBo].

Stemless, green and woolly. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, their lobes 3-
lobulated, decussate-imbricate. Scape nearly naked, i -headed ; it and
involucre laxly woolly. Flowers nearly white to deep pink.

(Chili); S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Sta. Cruz, 100 miles (160 km.)
above its mouth.

1 6. L. STRICTA (Phil, sub Leuceria.}

Perennial ; stem strict, hirtellous, with very short, glandular hairs.
Leaves above green, subglabrous, underneath webby-tomentose and
hoary ; radical leaves . . . ; lower, cauline leaves oblong-linear in outline,
pinnatifid, with narrow segments, long-acuminate, entire or few-toothed,
basally much narrowed, with small, semi-amplexicaul auricles ; auricle of
upper leaves broader than the rest of the leaf, generally orbicular and
spiny-toothed ; uppermost leaves minute, consisting of a very broad
auricle and a tip. Branches of corymb i— 2-flowered. Involucral scales
very lax, 12 mm. long, their apex glabrous. Ligules blue (?), with their
tube 15 mm. long. Head broad, 28 mm. diam.

W. Patagon., by Rio Palena; corymbs with 10-12 heads. Chubut,
"My specimens have more heads in the corymb, the heads smaller and
the stems thicker; approaching L. magna (?)," Speg.

17. L. SUAVEOLENS (DC. sub Chabrcza\

Very woolly. Stem simple, leafy, i -headed. Leaves pinnately parted,
the lower petiolate, the upper sessile and semi-amplexicaul ; their lobes
subrotund, entire. Heads large, 35 mm. in diameter, long-rayed. Involu-

892

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

cral scales sublinear, immersed in wool, which
abounds at top of the thickened scape. (Fig.
1 06.)

Falldands ; ornamental on grassy hills, and
fragrant.

79. PEREZ I A Lag.

Acaulescent, cespitose, or caulescent, rarely
shrubby ; with entire or pinnatifid leaves, their
margins often ciliate-spinose. Heads homoga-
mous, mostly many-flowered, moderate-sized,
sometimes rather large and solitary on a leafless,
bracteolate, scape-like peduncle, or panicled,
(Chabrcea) suaveo- rarely clustered on axillary branches. Involucre
Flower-head, and one of the 2-many-seriate, its scales imbricating. Flowers

flowers. (From Flora antarctica.} . . . . . . . .. . .

pink to purple, white or blue (not yellow), the

outer lip longer both in the head and in the homochromous ray. Style-
brandies truncate, with terminal hairs. Receptacle plane, naked or pilose.
Fruit not beaked, papillose or hairy. Pappus setose, several-seriate.
(Section Clarioncea, with glabrous receptacle ; and section Hotnoiantlins,
with hairy-fimbrilliferous receptacle.)

Species 75, from Arizona and Texas to Patagon.; most in the Andes,
a few in S. Brazil.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Erect. Stem or its branches i -headed.
b. Glabrous.

c. Leaves lanceolate, entire, petiolate. The cauline sessile, cordate-sagittate.

lactucoides.

c2. Leaves linear, with marginal spines ; the upper sparse, erect. linearis.

c$. Leaves pinnatisect, lobes spiny-tipped. Cauline linear, and spiny. lechlcri.
b2. Pubescent upwards. Leaves chiefly basal, pinnatisect, the segments mucronate. Head
nodding, blue. pediculariafolia.

Az. Erect ; heads few. Leaves pinnatipartite ; lobes ovate. Involucre scales short.

brachylcpis.
A$. Ascending. Leaves sessile. Flowers blue.

b. Leaves linear, entire, apically white-mucronate. Scapes with broad leaves.

patagonica.
62. Leaves broad-linear, recurved, with marginal spines. Peduncle nearly naked.

recurvata.

A^. Cespitose perennial, glabrous, with wool on the petioles. Leaves narrow-linear, entire.
Heads sessile amid the upper leaves, white. sessiliflora.

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 893

A$. Glandular. Stems scapiform.

b. Leaves spatulate, toothed. Scape i-2-leaved. Head rather large, lilac, wiegalantha;
b2. Basal leaves pectinate, sessile. Scape with a broad bract and others smaller. Flowers

pink. oleracea.

/>•},. Basal leaves pinnatipartite, the lobes entire, spiniferous. Outer flowers long-radiant.

magellanica.
A6. Dwarf, chiefly glabrous.

b. Leaves subulate, rigid, pungent ; the axils woolly. lanigera.

62. Leaves pinnatisect, rigid ; lobes spiny-tipped ; petiole and involucral scales setiferous.

Flowers blue. pilifera.

bT,. Subfruticose. Leaves oval, acute, sessile, spiny-toothed. Heads terminal, crowded.

pygmaa.

i. PEREZIA BRACHYLEPIS Phil.

Stem erect, few-leaved, with few heads, scarcely scabrous. Leaves thin,
the basal pinnatipartite, lobes ovate, broadly adnate at their base, sinuate-
dentate. Cauline leaves auricled-amplexicaul, gradually becoming sim-
pler. Involucral scales rather short, linear, rounded-acute.

Valdivian Andes. Plant 60 cm. high, the involucre only 1 1 mm.
Chubut Mts. " Here with scales of the involucre slightly pubescent."
(Speg.).

2. P. LACTUCOIDES Less. (Homoianthus magellanicus DC.)
Glabrous, with simple, erect, leafy stem, I -headed ; to 60 cm. high.
Leaves entire, radical ones petiolate, lanceolate ; cauline semiamplexicaul,
cordate-sagittate, oblong-lanceolate. Involucral scales 3-seriate, laxly
imbricate, ovate, acuminate, their margin finely denticulate, fimbriate.

S. Patagon., at Cabo Negro ; Magellan ; E. and S. Fuegia. (Dusen.)
"Two plants of different sizes are included in this; except however in
size I am unable to distinguish them." (J. D. Hooker.)

3. P. LANIGERA Hook. & Arn.

Dwarf, nearly stemless, scarcely 25 mm. high, cespitose. Leaves ex-
ceeding the stem, subulate, rigid, pungent, the margin revolute, glabrous,
entire, their base dilated-amplexicaul ; their axils woolly. Involucral
scales oblong, mucronate, all entire.

S. Patagon., by Puerto Deseado.

4. P. LECHLERI (Sch. Bip., sub Clarioncea] Phil.

Elegant, glabrous perennial, 3-5 cm. high, having a rhizome with long
fibres, the basal leaves rosulate, very numerous, pinnatisect, their lobes

894 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

oblong-lanceolate, entire or i -toothed, ending in a whitish, strong spine.
Petiole broad, ciliate. Stems 1-4, i -headed, scarcely exceeding the
leaves, bearing linear, ciliate-spinose leaves. Heads showy. Involucre
hemispherical ; its scales oblong-lanceolate, greenish-blue, margins scari-
ous-white, apex pungent, yet snowy. Receptacle small, naked. Achenes
silky. Pappus sordid.
Magellan, Punta Arenas.

5. PEREZIA LINEARIS Less.

Stem erect, simple, i -headed, or with many-leaved, i -headed branches.
Leaves coriaceous, linear, acute, glabrous, rigidly and equally ciliate on
margin ; the lowest crowding, spreading ; the upper sparse, erect. Invo-
lucral scales 3— 4-seriate, imbricate, the outer ones rigidly and regularly
ciliate, as are the leaves, the innermost marginally ciliate.

(S. Chili, on ground amidst rocks on the mountains) ; W. Patagon., in
upper valley of Rio Aysen, and N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi
(Dusen) ; Chubut, amid dry, hilly rocks.

6. P. MAGELLANICA (Linn, f.) Lag. (DC. sub Clarioncea.}
Radical leaves, pinnately parted, the parts entire, ciliolate, ovate, the
terminal subrotund. Stem scapiform, 2— 3-leaved, pilose-glandular, with
solitary, terminal head. Involucral scales 2-seriate, the outer short, spread-
ing. Outer flowers long-radiant.

W. Patagon. ; E. and W. Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn ; Staaten I.

7. P. MEGALANTHA Speg.

(Clarioncea.] Stemless, glandular-hispid. Rootstock branching. Rad-
ical leaves 30-40 mm. long, spatulate, toothed. Scape much exceeding
the leaves, i-2-leaved, simply i -headed. Head hemispherical-campan-
ulate, rather large. Involucral scales, several-seriate, membranaceous,
pubescent. Corolla lilac.

S. Patagon., by Lago Argentine; Valley of Rio Gallegos.

8. P. OLERACEA O. Ktze.

Glandular-hairy. Radical-leaves rosulate, pectinate, sessile, 5 by 2 cm.
Scape 10 cm. high, bearing a cordate-ovate acute bract remote from the
solitary, terminal head, and 2-3 broader, smaller, more lacerate, approx-
imate bracts. Head very large, 3 cm. broad, 4 cm. high. Involucral

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 895

scales not spinose, several-seriate, the outer green, lacerate, broader than
long, the inner narrowing. Flowers pink, all bilabiate, outer lip larger, 3-
toothed, inner much smaller, 2-parted. Achenes young, silky, strigose.
Pappus-setce numerous, yellow, scabrid, 15 mm. long. ("Involucre as in
Cirsium oleraceitm. ' ' )
Patagon (M. & T.).

9. PEREZ i A PATAGONICA Speg.

(Homoianthus.} Cespitose-effuse, prostrate-ascending, 1-6 cm. high.
Leaves imbricate, linear, amplexicaul, thick, entire, revolute, white-mucro-
nate apically. Scapes erect, long, with 3-5 ovate-cordate leaves, margin-
ally uncinate-ciliolate. Head solitary, campanulate, outer involucral scales
like the leaves of the scape, recurved-denticulate ; inner scales lanceolate,
straight, acute, spinescent. Flowers blue.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; on maritime dunes near mouth of
Rio Sta. Cruz.

IO. P. PEDICULARL'EFOLIA LeSS.

Rhizome thick. Stem simple, striate, 10 cm. high, pubescent upwards,
\-headed. Leaves crowded at base, few upwards, pinnatisect, segments
and teeth mucronate. Head nodding. Involucre turbinate-campanulate ;
its scales few-seriate, shorter than the flowers, acuminate. Corolla blue,
outer lips oblong-elliptical. Pappus yellow. Achenes yellow-villous.

(Chili); Patagon.?

ii. P. PILIFERA (Don. sub Clarioncea].

Stem short, 3-5 cm., \-headed. Leaves subradical, pinnatisect, glabrous,
rigid, the lobes lanceolate, undivided or 2-lobed, ending in a long seta,
petiole broad, bristly ciliate. Involucre cylindrical, its scales scarious-
margined, produced into a seta, the outer spreading. Flowers blue.

(Chili); S. Patagon. ; Fuegia, passim ; heights above Ushuaia ; "chiefly
in the steppe-region and with Azorella glebaria." (Dusen.)

12. P. PYGM^A (Cass. sub Triachne] Hook. f.

Small, 5 cm. high, subwoody. Leaves sessile, imbricate, oval, acute,
coriaceous, at base toothed-ciliate, apically recurved. Heads terminal,
crowded ; invohicre-scales numerous, mucronate.

Fuegia, on mountain-top, near Blossom Bay.

896 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

13. PEREZIA RECUR VATA (Vahl) Less. (Homoianthus echinulatus Cass.)

(Plate XXIX.)

Stem ascending, glabrous, densely leafy, the leaves semi-amplexicaul,
broad-linear, recurved, with spines beneath. Peduncle nearly naked, or
with scattered bracts, \-headed. Invohicral scales 3-seriate, the outer
spinulose-toothed. Flowers light blue. To 30 cm. high, the peduncle
being half of this, or shorter. (Fruit scarcely hairy, but finely papillose.
G. M.)

(Chili; Argentina); Patagon., by Hatcher at Cabo Negro and in the
Cordilleras ; Fuegia, on Beagle Channel, and passim ; Navarin I. ; Magel-
lan ; Falklands.

"One of the most interesting plants of the Falkland Islands, from the
very sweet scent of its large, pale-blue flowers, which have been compared
to Jessamine and the Violets. It generally grows near the sea in rocky
places." (J. D. Hooker.)

14. P. SESSILIFLORA Speg.

(Homoianthus.] Cespitose perennial. Branches short, imbricating,
leafy. Leaves glabrous, narrow-linear, not spreading, sessile, dilated into a
periclad, with long, cottony wool underneath, scarcely mucronulate, margin
revolute, entire. Heads solitary, sessile amid the upper leaves. Involu-
cral scales ovate-lanceolate, spinulose-mucronulate. Flowers 10—12,
white.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Deseado ; Rio Sta. Cruz ; in upper
valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.).

80. HYPOCHGERIS Linn.

Usually perennial herbs, with scapose, often branching stems, and basal
leaves, pinnatifid to entire; the scapes with few, 'small leaves or none.
Heads mostly large, long-peduncled. Flowers yellow. Involucral bracts
many-seriate, appressed. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers sagittate. Style-
branches obtusish. Achenes lo-ribbed, more or less beaked. Pappus
plumose.

Species 50, Eurasia and S. Amer.; i naturalized in N. Amer. (Sec.
Achyrophorus, once deemed a genus, having a seriate pappus, includes
most of the S. American forms.)

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 897

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

A. Stem leafy, i -headed. Leaves fleshy, subentire. Involucre-scales lanceolate, acute.

brasiliensis.

A2. Stem branching. Leaves long-lanceolate, pinnatifid.

b. Involucral scales linear, blackish. apargioides,

bz. Outer involucral scales obtuse, reddish. tenerifolia.

AT,. Stem simple, I -headed. Leaves mostly radical; also bract-like, cauline leaves.

b. Radical leaves short, acute, entire. Involucral scales black, woolly. paluslris.

62. Radical leaves sublanceolate to pinnatifid.

c. Involucre campanulate. Scape tall. arenaria.

c2. Involucral scales obtuse, woolly. Head largish. philippii.
A^. Stem simple, I -headed. Leaves radical.
b. Leaves narrow-linear, subentire.

c. Involucral scales large, mealy at base. hookeri.

c2. Involucral scales webby, setose. Stem villous. ibari.

b2. Leaves narrow-linear, pungent, pinnatifid, golden. incana.

63. Leaves long-linear, glabrous. Flowers white. leucantha.

64. Leaves lanceolate, sinuate-dentate. Head large. odorata.

£5. Leaves linear. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, rough. coronopifolia.

b6. Leaves grass-like, filiform to broad-linear, sometimes pinnatifid. Involucral scales acu-
minate, webby. tenuifolia.

i. HYPOCHCERIS APARGIOIDES (Less.) Gris.

Stem branching, glabrous or subhispid ; branches rough under the
heads. Leaves radical, hispidulous, long-lanceolate, pinnatifid ; their
lobes acuminate or obtuse, the uppermost linear, entire. Involucral
scales blackish, hispidulous, linear, obtuse or subacuminate.

(Chili) : N. Patagon., near Rawson, at mouth of Rio Chubut ; S. Patagon.

A form with the outer involucral scales broader, and the leaves less
divided, is found in Chili, and by Buenos Ayres, and may be in N.
Patagon.

2. H. ARENARIA Gaud.

Sparingly hispid, or smooth; root long, its neck 1-3 parted. Leaves
radical linear-obovate, lanceolate, long-petiolate, obtuse or acuminate,
sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. Scape exceeding the leaves, naked or with
1-2 minute leaves, with i terminal head. Involucre campanulate, its
scales tomentose to glabrate, the outer sparsely hispid-pilose.

(Chili); S. Patagon., in valley of Rio Baguales (Nordenskj.), Cabo
Negro (Hatcher): Magellan: Falklands; S. Fuegia, by Ushuaia, "rather
glabrous with leaves oboval-lanceolate, entire, or runcinate-pinnatifid,

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

dentate or incised." (Alboff.) At Killikaike, Rio Gallegos (Barnum
Brown) ; style-branches large, clavate, dark-brown in this (G. M.).

3. HYPOCHOERIS BRASILIENSIS Griseb. (AchyrophoruschondrilloidesGray.}

Glaucescent, glabrous, root fusiform. Stem leafy, strict, i -headed.
Peduncles elongated. Leaves fleshy, linear-lanceolate, entire or obso-
letely toothed ; the upper subamplexicaul. Involucral scales lanceolate,
acute.

N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.

4. H. CORONOPIFOLIA (Sch. Bip. sub Achyrophorus, 1855).

Root cylindric. Stem exceeding the leaves, squamose, glabrous or with
sparing, fugacious, white toment, i -headed. Leaves radical, linear, sub-
dentate, glabrous to tomentose. Involucral scales imbricate, linear-lan-
ceolate, hispid underneath. Flowers golden. Achenes nearly beakless.
A small bract midway on the stem.

S. Patagon., by Hatcher ; S. Fuegia, at Lapataia on Beagle Chan.
Magellan (specimen in Gray Herb., along with another specimen from
Golden-gate Park, Calif). Identification verified by Prof. B. L. Robinson
of the Gray Herbarium.

(" This and H. tenuifolia are mere varieties of H. variegata of Baker."
Speg.) H. variegata Sch. Bip., 1859, of Argentina, is a synonym. See
H. tenuifolia.

5. H. HOOKERI Phil.

Webby. Leaves glabrous, radical, erect, as long as the i -headed scape,
narrowly linear, entire or with a few setiform teeth. Involucral scales
large, mealy tomentose at base ; the inner narrow, acuminate.

(Chili); Patagon. (M. & T.)

6. H. IBARI Ph. (Achyrophonis}.

Stem solitary, i-headed, villous, leafless. Leaves narrow-linear, entire
or few-toothed. Involucral scales densely webby, dorsally setose, black-
green, acuminate. Pales broad at base, somewhat toothed, and then
narrow.

S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz ; Magellan.

MACLOSKIE : coMposnve. 899

7. HYPOCHCERIS INCANA Hook & Arn. (Achyrophorus].

Hoary, with deciduous tomentum. The golden radical leaves narrowly
linear, subulate-pungent, pinnatifid. Scape leafless, i -headed.

(S. Amer. at San Julian); S. Patagon., by Rio Gallegos; and Rio
Sta. Cruz.

8. H. LEUCANTHA (Speg. sub Achyrophorus].

Leaves all radical, long-linear, 12-24 mm- l°ng> acute, attenuate below,
i -nerved, entire, glabrous. Scapes simple, i -headed, exceeding the leaves,
glabrous below, white webby above, with few prickles. Head campanu-
late. Involucral scales lance-linear, narrow, obtuse, white-webby on the
margin, dorsally obscure, green, i -nerved, costate" with prickles in the
costa. Corolla white ; anthers rose-white. Style-branches connivent,
exsert, black-purple.

Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge ; Rio Chubut.

9. H. MAGELLANICA (Schultz, sub Achyrophorus\
(Perhaps a variety of H. tenuifolia.}

10. H. ODORATA (Walp. sub Achyrophorus.]

Stem solitary, simple, leafless, setose-hispid. Leaves lanceolate, sinu-
ate-dentate, both sides smooth, villous at the mid-rib, margin scabrid.
Head large. Involucre with outer scales, setose-hispid, gradually shorter,
imbricate. Pappus plumose, having about 20 equal, with or without
intermediate shorter, setae.

(Chili), Patagon. (?)

11. H. PALUSTRIS (Phil, sub Achyrophorus].

Glabrous. Stem erect, simple, \-headed, nearly leafless. Radical
leaves short, acute, gradually attenuate below, subsessile, entire. Cauline
leaves linear-subulate, crowded under the involucre, which is blackish,
woolly ciliate externally, scarcely hispidulous on the back of the scales.
Achenes shortly rostrate. Pales of receptacle long, with long awns.

N. Patagon., by Valdivia; N. Fuegia. (Dusen.)

12. H. PHILIPPII O. Ktze. (H. grandiflora Phil., non Led.)
Root simple. Leaves chiefly rosulate, glabrous or sometimes ciliate,
linear-lanceolate, and entire, or oblong, or pinnatifid, with obtuse seg-

9OO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

ments. Scape little exceeding the subulate leaves, webby above, \-headed.
Involucral scales moderately large, numerous, oblong-linear, obtuse,
basally floccose, truncate, without setae. Ligules twice as long. Fruit?
(Argentina.)

HYPOCHCERIS PHILIPPII GLABRESCENS O. Ktze.
Involucral scales broader, glabrescent, the lower ovate.
Patagon (M. & T.).

13. H. TENERIFOLIA. (Remy, sub Achyrophorus.}
Stem nearly simple, over 30 cm., glabrous, except at the apex. Rad-
ical leaves of lance-linear outline, attenuate to a long petiole, weak, pin-
natifid, with narrow, oblique lobes ; cauline subentire. Involucral outer
scales obtuse, pilose with reddish exterior; inner membranaceous-
margined. Valdivia; Chiloe ; S. Fuegia (Dusen).

14. H. TENUIFOLIA (DC. Prodr. sub Achyrophorus, 1838) Gris.

Glabrous or subarachnoid. Stem simple. Leaves grass-like, radical,
filiform to linear-lanceolate, entire or sinuate, or pinnatifid, segments
linear. Scape i -headed. Involucre ovate-campanulate ; its scales linear
to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, webby and basally hispid. Variable.

S. Patagon., Magellan ; Elizabeth I. (See note under H. coronopifolia.
Accepting Spegazzini's view, we have H. tenuifolia DC. as the species,
with varieties coronopifolia and variegata.}

81. TARAXACUM Hall. (1768. Linn, sub Leontodon 1753.)
Herbs, with milky juice and radical, toothed to runcinate-pirinatifid
leaves. Scapes leafless, with i, rarely 2-3 heads, which are midsize to
large, yellow. Involucre campanulate to oblong, with i -seriate, erect
scales (changing in fruit), and several-seriate, shorter outer scales, usually
recurved. Achenes oblong, 4-5-angled, apically muricate and rostrate,
supporting the copious, slender, capillary pappus.

Species 40, in north-temperate and cold climate ; few in south-temper-
ate, rarely in the tropics. (Fig. of fruit in Eng. & Prantl, iv, 5, p. 367, D.)

i. T. IBARI Phil.

Glabrous, with runcinate leaves (narrower than of T. taraxacum]. Scape
scarcely exceeding the leaves. Scales of involucre imbricate, all appressed,

MACLOSKIE: COMPOSITE. 901

the outer ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; the inner broad-white, scarious.
Achenes strongly ribbed, costae spinulose at apex. Rostrum as long as
the achene.

Magellan, at Rio Blanco.

2. TARAXACUM MAGELLANICUM Comm.

Petioles slender, elongated. Leave's rounded apically. Involucral
scales all erect, the outer white-red, scariously margined.
(Argentine pampas) ; Magellan, by Punta Arenas.

3. T. TARAXACUM (L. sub Leontodori) Karst. ( T. officinale Web. ; T.

dens-leonis Desf.) Dandelion.

Root thick, deep. Leaves in outline oblong to spatulate, pubescent
when young, irregularly pinnatifid or sinuate-toothed, rather succulent,
narrowed to the petiole. Scape erect. Head solitary, 25-50 mm. broad ;
flowers golden. Outer involucre reflexed. Achenes muricate at top,
narrowing to the long, filiform rostntm.

(Eurasia and N. Amer.) Patagon., Magellan (Dusen) ; Fuegia; Falk-
lands (introduced).

4. T. TARAXACUM L^viGATUM (W. sub Leontodon] O. Ktze.

Glabrous. Leaves runcinate-pinnatipartite, lobes unequal, lanceolate,
acuminate, subdentate. Involucral scales subcorniculate, callous-tipped,
the outer spreading. Achenes pale, with rostntm longer than in the type.

(Eurasia, in meadows and dry pastures) ; Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia,
passim, alpine about Ushuaia ; Falklands.

5. T. TARAXACUM ALPiNUM (Koch.) Porter.

Outer involucral scales spreading, ovate or narrower. Leaves very
deeply parted. Achenes pale brown.

(Europe; Labrador; and by Rockies and Calif, southwards.) S. Pata-
gon., by Hatcher at Coy Inlet and Punta Arenas.

82. SONCHUS Linn.

Succulent herbs, with milky juice and alternate, mostly auriculate, am-
plexicaul leaves, entire or toothed, or lobed, and prickly-margined.
Heads large or midsize, corymbose, yellow. Involucre ovoid to cam-

9O2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

panulate, its scales many-seriate, imbricated, smaller outwards. Recep-
tacle naked. Anthers basisagittate. Achenes flattish, i o-2o-costate,
truncate. Pappus copious, white, capillary, usually deciduous together.
Species 5, of Old World.

i. SONCHUS ASPER (L.) Allioni.

Annual. Stem leafy below. Leaves undivided or pinnatifid, spinu-
lose-toothed ; the lower petiolate, the upper clasping, with rounded auri-
cles ; obovate to oblong or lanceolate. Achenes ribbed, but not trans-
versely wrinkled.

Cosmopolitan. N. and S. Patagon. ; " naturalized and spread over
tropical and temperate South America ; probably to a great extent with-
out the agency of man." (J. Ball.)

2. S. OLERACEUS Linn. Sow-thistle.

Basal and lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, 10-25 cm. long, the
terminal segments usually large and triangular. Upper leaves pinnatifid,
with acute, clasping auricles. Achenes ribbed, and transversely wrinkled.

Patagon. (M. &T.; by Hatcher on edge of a marsh, nearly a meter high,
in fruit March). A weed in cultivated lands of the Old World and N.
Amer. ; also naturalized in Patagon. and the Chonos Archip.

83. AGOSERIS Raf. (Troximon Nutt, 1813, non Gaertn., 1791.

Including Macrorhynchus Less.)

Nearly stemless herbs, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Scapes erect, leaf-
less, i -headed. Heads midsize to large, liguliferous, mostly yellow-
Involucre campanulate, its scales many-seriate, the outer smaller. Recep-
tacle rarely with some chaff. Anthers basally acute or setaceous. Achenes
glabrous, lo-costate, contracted below, apically rostrate. Pappus setose,
copious.

Species 25, in W. and S., of N. Amer., and Peraustral Amer.

i. A. AUSTRALIS (Phil, sub Macrorhynchus].

Cespitose. Leaves arachnoid-hirsute, linear, usually pectinately pin-
natifid ; with linear segments and linear rachis. Scapes scarcely exceed-
ing the leaves, very densely woolly. Outer invohicral scales hirsute,
triangular-lanceolate ; inner glabrous and longer, equalling the flowers.

Magellan strait, near Punta Arenas ; Falklands.

MACLOSKIE I COMPOSITE. 903

2. AGOSERIS GLAUCA (Nutt. sub Troximori}.

Stout, 50-60 cm. tall ; pale or glaucous, glabrous or loosely hairy.
Leaves linear to lanceolate, entire, sometimes dentate or laciniate. Heads
many-flowered, hvvolucral scales lanceolate or broader, with external
shorter scales, often hairy or villous. Achenes with beak 10—12 mm.
long, exceeding the pappus, which is copious, of stiff, denticulately sca-
brous setae.

(Western U. S.); Patagon., Magellan, Fuegia.

3. A. PTEROCARPA (Fisch. & Mey.) (sub Macrorhynchus].

Leaves varying, entire, toothed, or usually pinnatifid ; always somewhat
villous. Scape mostly 2-3 times longer than the leaves. Involucral
scales, outer subsquarrose, villous, white, hirsute. Achenes winged, cos-
tate, shorter than the rostrum.

(Chili, annual); Patagon., Chubut; E. Fuegia (Dusen).

3. A. PUMILA (DC. sub Macrorhynchus].

Sparsely hirsute, with white villosity. Leaves narrowly-linear, entire,
sinuate, or runcinate-pinnatifid. Scape exceeding the leaves. Involucral
scales linear-lanceolate, leafy, externally glandular-hispid.

S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Fuegia, by the Beagle Channel ; Falklands, on
grassy places by the sea.

84. HIERACIUM Linn. Hawkweed.

Perennials, with double indumentum, glandular and stellate, or gla-
brous ; and yellow to reddish heads on leafless scapes. Invohtcre of equal,
narrow scales, usually also with outer calyculus. Receptacle naked.
Achenes oblong, io-i5-costate, contracted at base, truncate above. Pap-
Pus of copious setae, i-2-seriate, simple, fragile, sordid.

Species 400, in Eurasia, N. Amer., N. and S. Afr., the Orient, Japan
and the Andes. (The most difficult of Old World genera.)

KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Stem branching.

b. Leaves oblong-spatulate, subentire, with long hairs, and glands. Heads 8-18, small, I cm.

chilense.
b2. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, apiculate. Heads 2-4, small ; pubescence mixed.

philippii.
£3. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Heads 6 8. Involucral scales linear, with black hairs.

patagonicum.

9O4 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

64. Leaves oblanceolate, and 1-2 cauline narrow.

c. Heads sulphur-colored. Involucre hirsute, its scales acuminate. magellanicum.

„ c2. Heads mediocre. Involucral scales linear, hoary. chubutense.

A2. Scape simple, i -headed. Leaves oblong to spatulate. Plant all pubescent, pilosella.
AT,. Scape i-headed, sometimes also a small second. Leaves oblong-spatulate, few-lobed ; and

some linear on scape. Achenes smooth. antarcticum.

A^. Stem few-leaved, i-4-headed. Radical leaves obovate to spatulate, smooth. Involucre
with black wool. triste.

I. HlERACIUM ANTARCTICUM d'UrV.

Pubescent. . Scape slender, 10 cm. high, with few, linear leaves, and a
solitary head, less than i cm. high, and still narrower, occasionally with a
second, smaller head. Calyculus none. Basal leaves oblong-spatulate,
with few, obscure lobes near the base, obtuse or acutish, nearly glabrate.
Achenes oblong, truncate, smooth, flattened. Pappus unequal.

S. Patagon., by Cape Fairweather; by Hatcher in the Cordilleras, on
damp ground; S. Fuegia, alpine (Nordenskj.) ; Falklands.

2. H. CHILENSE Less.

Stems 30 cm. high, spreading-hirsute, erect, paniculately branching,
8-i8-flowered, the branches short, divaricate. Leaves oblong-spatulate,
briefly attenuate-petioled, obtuse, entire or few-toothed, with long, rigid
hairs on both surfaces. Cauline leaves few, narrowing upwards. Hairs
long, rigid, white, with a black base, having clavate glands between.
Heads small, i cm.

(Chili) ; Fuegia, Navarin I.

3- H. CHUBUTENSE Speg.

Leaves mostly all radical, oblanceolate, entire, with long, scaberulous,
white or rufescent hairs. Stem arising from center of leaves, erect, sub-
striate, remotely i-2-leaved, glabrous; above the middle, laxly corymbose,
the branchlets bracteolate and subdichotomous. Pedicels i -headed, hoary.
Heads erect, mediocre. Involucral scales about i -seriate, linear, dorsally
hoary, slightly shorter than the disk.

Chubut, amid grassy rocks at Teka-choique.

4. H. MAGELLANICUM C. H. Schultz.

Perennial, over 20 cm. high, with basal leaves. Stem a span high,
scapiform, hirsute; with 1-2 bracts, narrowly linear, 2 cm. long. Leaves
rosular, 10 cm. by 12 mm., oblanceolate, sinuate-dentate, or entire, gla-

MACLOSKIE : COMPOSITE. 905

brescent. Corymb lax, to 40 cm. long, tomentose-hirsute. Involucre
campanulate, hirsute, its scales acuminate. Flowers sulphur-colored.
Pappus sordid.

Magellan, near the lignite-mine (perhaps the same with H. antarcticum}.

5. HlERACIUM PATAGONICUM Hook. f.

Rough, with spreading hairs. Stolons none. Radical leaves oblong-
lanceolate, subacute, narrowing to a petiole ; cauline leaves few, sessile,
narrower, obscurely and remotely toothed. Stem scapiform, paniculately
branching, bearing 6-8 heads. Involucral scales linear, subsetose, with
rigid, black, spreading hairs.

Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge ; by Cape Fairweather; Fuegia.

6. H. PHILIPPII Alboff.

Stems numerous, 20 cm. high, pubescence mixed, long, simple hairs and
glandular ; with 3-5 setaceous bracts, branching above, having 2-4 heads
on slender peduncles. Leaves radical, obovate-lanceolate, attenuate-peti-
olate, apiculate at the apex and margins, with sessile glands on both sur-
faces ; i or 2 of the leaves narrow-linear. Heads small. Pappus sordid.
(Near H. niagellanicum.}

Fuegia, Navarin I. ; Falklands.

7. H. PILOSELLA Linn.

Pilose-pubescent and stoloniferous. Scape slender, erect, with i large,
yellow head, 3 cm. in diameter. Leaves oblong to spatulate, entire,
obtuse or acutish, attenuate-petiolate, 5 cm. by 1 2 mm. Involucre pubes-
cent. Achenes oblong.

(Europe; naturalized in N. Amer.) ; S. Patagon., by Hatcher in Cor-
dilleras, on damp ground; Feb. 15, 1897.

8. H. TRISTE Willd.

About 15 cm. high. Stem simple, few-leaved, racemose, with 1-4, yel-
low heads. No stellate hairs and no glands. Radical leaves obovate to
spatulate, entire, green ; glabrate or nearly so ; upper leaves oblong to
linear, with the stems villous. Heads i cm. high and broad. Involucre and
peduncle with blackish wool. Achenes short, columnar. Pappus fuscous.

(Bering's Strait and Aleutian Is.); S. Patagon., by Hatcher in the
Cordilleras.

PART VI.

ANALYSIS OF THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES OF

THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF

PATAGONIA.

The Flowering Plants differ from the Pteridophytes by an advanced
development of the microsporangia into stamens bearing pollen, and of
the megasporangia into ovules which become embryo-bearing seeds. They
contain two chief classes, the antique one called the Gymnospermia, hav-
ing pteridophytic affinities ; and the modern class, known as the Angio-
spermia, because of their seed being in true seed-vessels, with stigmas.

The superclass of Angiosperms is itself composed of two classes — the
Monoctyledones, and the Dicotyledones, the latter being the larger. And
each of these classes contains a considerable number of Plant families ; of
which according to Engler and Prantl, there are 280, namely 4 families
in the Gymnosperms, 43 families in the Monocotyledones, and 233 families
in the Dicotyledones. When a family is named from one of its leading
genera, which is usually the case, its name has -acece for termination ; as
from Lilium, the family Liliacece. Alliances of natural families are known
by the terminal -ales as Liliales. These are becoming known as Orders.

It is found convenient to break up the large Class of Dicotyledones
into a few subclasses, each of them containing many orders and families.
The character of the perianth, whether absent or, if present, whether its
petals are distinct from each other or coalesce, and whether the perianth
is superior, or inferior, or perigynous, relatively to the inner organs of the
flower, are of chief importance here. But we may expect exceptional
cases, which render the classification necessarily artificial. It must also
be remembered that a natural system is not serial ; that even if we knew
all the interrelations of the families it should be necessary to arrange them
not in line but in space, like the ramifications of a tree. In the system
here adopted we begin a large group with the simplest forms among its

907

908 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

components, and end with the most complex. There are some irreducible
cases of families whose natural affinities are unknown, as Euphorbiaceae,
and Polygalaceae.

The Patagonian region contains representatives of about 113 natural
families, of which the Dicotyledones have 92, and the Monocotyledones
about 17 families, whilst there are 4 families of Gymnosperms.

THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES.

Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA = Phanerogamia, or Flowering-plants (Embryophyta sipho-

nogama Engler), having pollen and producing seeds with embryo.

A. Superclass GYMNOSPERMIA (families 1-4), pp. 140-145. Trees or shrubs with diclin-
ous flowers, the carpels not forming a closed ovary nor bearing a stigma.
b. Branching freely ; the wood consisting of tracheids, without ducts (saving resiniferous ducts),
forming annual rings and bark. Flowers mostly in staminate and pistillate cones, with-
out perianth. (CONIFERS, p. 140.)
c. Leaves in spirals. Cones many-carpellary, dry. Seed I in each carpel, inverted.

Family i. Araucaria of Pinacece, p. 140.

C2. Leaves in whorls of 2-4. Cones woody or fleshy, few- (1-4)- carpeled. Seeds often
several in each carpel, erect. Stamens with 3-5 pollen sacs, the pollen wingless.

Family 2. Cupressacece, p. 141.

^3. Leaves acicular or broader, rarely opposite. Cones often fleshy, few-carpeled, carpels
I -seeded. Stamens with 2 pollen sacs, the pollen winged.

Family 3. Podocarpea of Taxacece, p. 142.

b2. Branching or with simple stem ; jointed and with ducts in the wood. Leaves reduced to
scales. Flowers with a small perianth. Seeds fleshy, grape-like. (GNETALES.)

Family 4. Ephedraceis, p. 144.

AA. Superclass ANGIOSPERMIA. Trees, shrubs or herbs, having fibrovascular bundles;

the flowers varying as to sexuality and perianth ; the carpels forming a normally closed,

stigmatiferous ovary.1 Families 5-113, p. 146-906.

B. Class MONOCOTYLEDONES or Endogens. Having stem endogenous ; leaves usually

parallel-veined, non -stipulate ; flowers normally 3-merous ; embryo with i cotyledon.

Families 5-21, pp. 146-324.
C. (Acyclica?) Flowers with the parts spirally arranged, showing little structural

symmetry.
d. Perianth none, or consisting of bristles or scales.

e. (Pandanales?) Perianth of hypogynous bristles. Stamens i-oo ; carpels i-oo,

1 Terms explained : Acrandrous, having staminate flowers uppermost ; acrogynous, having pistil-
late flowers uppermost ; eudiplostemonous, having the outer stamens antisepalous ; obdiplostemonous,
having the outer stamens antipetalous. Tepaliferous families are such as have double perianth
of tepals, not differentiated into petals and sepals, but all similar. The tepals may be colored or
green or dry scales like chaff. Sepalo-petalous flowers have a double perianth consisting of
differentiated sepals and petals.

MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 909

not united, usually stipitate. Seeds endospermous. Tall marsh-plants,
with linear leaves, and monoecious flowers in terminal, acrandrous spikes.

Family 5. Typhacece, Cat-tail, p. 146.
e2. (Arales.) Perianth none, or scales. Flowers monoecious on a spadix, mostly

enclosed by a spathe.

/. Land-plants with sympodial stems, or basal leaves ; these mostly large and
reticulate. Fruit a berry. Family 12. Aracete, p. 289.

/2. Minute, stemless, floating plants, in fresh water. Stamen I.

Family 13. Lemnacetz, Duckweed, p. 290.
^3. (Helobiales p. p.). Aquatic or marsh plants, with sepaloid or reduced perianth,

and seeds with no endosperm.

/. Perianth of 4 leaflets, or none, or a cup. Plants submerged or floating.

Family 6. Potamogetonacea, Pondweed, p. 147.

/2. Perianth 2-seriate, hypogynous. Carpels partially united. Flowers in an
erect raceme or spike. Leaves radical, rush-like.

Family 7. June agin ace a, p. 1 50.
d.2. Perianth 2-seriate, the inner petaloid. (Helobiales p. p.) Aquatic plants.

Seeds with no endosperm.

e. Perianth 3 -f 3 ; petals white, showy. Flowers panicled or racemed, hypo-
gynous, the carpels not united. Leaves long-petioled.

Family 8. Alismacece, Water-plantain, p. 152.

e2. Flowers dioecious and syncarpous ; the females solitary on long, coiling scapes.
Leaves long, grass-like, floating in quiet waters.

Family 9. Vallisneriacea , Tape-grass, p. 153.
</4. (Glumales.) Flowers mostly without perianth, but with dry glumes, hypogynous,

monocarpellary, i -seeded. Seeds with large endosperm.

e. Usually hermaphrodite. Stems terete, normally hollow and jointed. Leaves
narrow, 2-ranked, with split sheaths. Flowers in spikelets, the pericarp ad-
hering to the seed. Embryo at base of, and external to the endosperm.

Family 10. Graminece, Grasses, p. 154.

e2. Mostly monoecious. Stem normally trigonal, solid, with narrow, 3-ranked

leaves, having closed sheaths. Pericarp not adhering to the seed. Embryo

enclosed in the endosperm. Family 1 1. Cyperacece, Sedges, p. 256.

CC. (Eucy dices.} Families with normally 5 -cyclic flowers ; the whorls generally isomer-

ous, mostly trimerous, rarely pluri- or di-merous. Sometimes with tepals instead

of differentiated sepals and petals. Rarely tetra-cyclic, there being only one

staminal whorl.

d. (Farinales.) Flowers 3-2-merous, with formula 13-13, st3~st3, syncarpels 3. The
stamens maybe I -seriate, or only i. Seeds orthotropous or curved. Endo-
sperm mealy.

e. Mostly dioecious, with glume-like perianth. Herbage and spikelets of Cypera-
cece, but leaf-sheaths split. Family 14. Restionacece, p. 292.
£2. Hermaphrodite ; with spikelets having 1-3 glumes. Stamens 1-2, with I
anther. Ovary i-3-celled; cells I -seeded.

Family 15. Centrolepidacece, p. 292.

9IO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

^3. Hermaphrodite. Perianth sepalo-petalous, and epigynous. Stamens 6.
Ovary 3-celled ; style 3-lobed ; seeds numerous. Epiphytes with scurfy
leaves. Tillandsia of Family 16. Bromeliacea, p. 293.

d2. (Liliales.) As Farinales, but with mostly anatropous seeds, and fleshy, or carti-
laginous, or oily endosperm. Chiefly herbs, with 3-merous flowers, and 2-seriate
tepalous perianth.
e. Hypogynous, at least usually.

f. Perianth-leaves glume-like. Stamens 6 or 3.

Family 17. Juncacca, Rushes, p. 295.
/2. Perianth-leaves usually large and petaloid. Stamens 6.

Family 18. Liliacea, Lily, p. 303.
£2, Epigynous. Perianth usually petaloid.

/. Style simple, or rarely 3-lobed. Stamens 6, on base of perianth.

Family 19. Amaryllidacece, p. 309.

/2. Style 3 -cleft, its branches often flattened and petaloid. Stamens 3, on base

of outer tepals. Family 20. Iridacece, p. 312.

d$. (Orchidales.) Typically 3-merous and 4-cyclic; stamens I, rarely 2, connate

with the stigma. Perianth 2-seriate, both series petaloid, but differentiated ;

the inner being very zygomorphic, and its posterior becoming its anterior

from the torsion of the long inferior I -(rarely 3-) celled ovary. Seeds very

many and very minute, without endosperm.

Family 21. Orchidacea, Orchid, p. 320.

BB. Class DICOTYLEDONES or Exogens. Having stem exogenous ; leaves reticulately

veined, stipulate or estipulate ; flowers normally 5— 4-merous, rarely 3— 2-merous ;

embryo with 2 cotyledons. Families 22— 113, pp. 325-906.

C. Subclass APETAL.E. Including families with naked or with monochlamydeous flowers ;

a few are petaliferous, but with simple perianth. Families 22-31, pp. 325-354.

d. (Salicales.} Flowers naked, dioecious, with cup-like or tooth-like disk. Stamens

2— oo. Carpels 2, united. Ovary I -celled, with 2 parietal placentae, and many

anatropous seeds, these having hairy plumes and no endosperm. Woody plants,

with simple, alternate, mostly stipulate leaves.

Family 22. Salicacea, Willow, p. 325.
dz. Flowers cyclic, rarely naked. Stamens mostly opposite the perianth-leaves.

e. (Fagalcs.) Trees with alternate, stipulate leaves, and spicajte, usually monoecious

flowers. Male catkins globose. Carpels 2-6, connate ; seeds few, with no

endosperm. Fruit burr-like. Family 23. Fagacea, Beech, p. 325.

e2. (Urticales?) Herbs or woody, with alternate or opposite, stipulate leaves, and

flowers small, clustered, 4- (2-5-) merous, often monoecious. No catkins.

Filaments reflexed. Carpels 2-1, becoming a i -seeded nut. Seeds mostly

with oily endosperm. Family 24. Urticacece, Nettle, p. 330.

d$. Perianth cyclic, bract-like or petaloid, rarely differentiated into calyx and corolla.

Flowers hermaphrodite or diclinous.

e. (Proteales.) Flowers usually 2-4-merous, the stamens hypogynously opposite
and adnate to the petaloid segments, only the anthers free. Carpel i ; seed
mostly i. Chiefly woody plants, with alternate, estipulate leaves.

Family 25. Proteacece, p. 333.

MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 911

e2. (Santa! ales.) Perianth green or petaloid. Stamens as many as the perianth-
segments, or twice as many. Ovary i -celled, superior or inferior; seeds
few, often imbedded in the placenta ; with large endosperm. Plants usually
more or less parasitical.
/. Leaves green, estipulate. Seed solitary.

g. Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers monoecious or dicecious. Ovary
i-celled, I -ovuled, immersed ; fruit a berry. Parasitic shrubs.

Family 26. Loranthacea, Mistletoe, p. 335.

g2. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-
cleft, its tube adnate to the i-celled ovary. Ovules 2-5. Style
cylindric. Semi-parasitic.

Family 28. Santalacece, Sandalwood, p. 338.

/2. Leafy or leafless. Flowers dicecious ; the males naked, 2-3-staminate ;

the females with 3 -parted calyx, adnate to the 3 -seeded ovary. Fruit i-

seeded, trigonal, with 3 feathery plumes on the angles. Tree-parasites.

Family 27. Myzodendracece, Angel's beard, p. 336.

/3. Leafless, fungus- like parasites, only the top of the large solitary flower
visible above ground. Stamens 3 (—5), with 3 staminodes. Ovary in-
ferior ; fruit baccate. Family 30. Hydnoracece, p. 344.
d$. Perianth double, the calyx minute, or none. Trees or shrubs with alternate,
estipulate leaves, and perfect flowers. Stamens i-3-seriate. Ovary 4-celled ;
the cells i -seeded. Fruit a drupe. Family 29. Olacacea,^. 344.
</5- (Polygonales!) Flowers cyclic or subspiral, radiate, with- a 3-merous tendency.
Ovary i-celled, with i, mostly orthotropous, ovule. Flowers usually small, in
compound inflorescences. Leaves mostly with an ochrea.

Family 31. Polygonacece , Buckwheat, p. 345.

CC. Subclass CHORIPETAUE or Mesochlamydeae. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, the
perianth usually sepalo-petalous (i. e., differentiated into calyx and corolla) ; the
leaves of the corolla being distinct petals and usually colored. In a few genera
the petals are wanting, and then the sepals are petaloid.

(Families 32-82), p. 354-643.

d. Alliances with single bracteoid or petaloid perianth ; yet often sepalo-petalous.
e. (Centrosper males ^ Flowers spiral or cyclic, small and crowded, tepalous or
sepalo-petalous, hypogynous. Stamens often isomerous with, and opposite
to the perianth-leaves, yet varying from many to I. Carpels I to many,
mostly syncarpous. Ovary rarely pluri-celled, mostly i -celled, with I— oo-
curved seeds. Embryo mostly curved around endosperm. Chiefly herbs.
f. Tepalous, bract-like, perianth.

g. Flowers greenish ; bracts, if any, not scarious. Styles I— 2. Utricle
rarely circumscissile, mostly indehiscent.

Family 32. Chenopodiacece, Goosefoot, p. 354.

g2. Flowers green or white, with scarious bracts and 2 bractlets. Utricles
mostly circumscissile. Family 33. Amarantacece, Amaranth, p. 372.
/2. Petalous, symphyllous perianth, usually with a calyx-like involucre.
Style i ; fruit an anthocarp.

Family 34. Nyctaginacca, Marvel of Peru, p. 376.

912 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

f$. Tepalous or sepalo-petalous, perigynous. Outer perianth 3— 5-merous;
inner often of numerous, small petals or none. Prostrate herbs, with
opposite or whorled leaves, and scarious stipules.

Family 35. Aizoacea, Carpet-weed, p. 377.

/4. Sepalo-petalous. Sepals mostly 2. Petals and stamens 4-5. Placenta
basal. Fleshy herbs ; leaves often opposite, sometimes stipulate.

Family 36. Portidacacecz, Purslane, p. 378.

/5. Sepalo-petalous, or rarely apetalous. Flowers 5— 4-merous, mostly diplo-
stemonous ; sometimes 2— 5-staminate. Ovary mostly i -celled, with
2—5 styles and central placenta. Herbs, with opposite, entire, normally
estipulate leaves. Some small forms have scarious stipules, apetalous
flowers, and achenial fruit. Family 37. Caryophyllacece, Pink, p. 382.
d2. Alliances with mostly sepalo-petalous perianth.

e. Apocarpy and hypogyny prevail. Seeds with endosperm.

f. (RanalesJ) Flowers spiral to cyclic, tepalous to sepalo-petalous, epigy-
nous to hypogynous, radiate to zygomorphic, mostly with many sta-
mens. Carpels oo-i, mostly free, rarely united. Herbs, or woody.
g. Perianth single, many-parted. Flowers monoecious. Stamens numer-
ous. Carpel I, with one suspended ovule. Erect aquatic, with
whorled, dissected leaves.

Family 38. Ceratophyllaccce, Hornwort, p. 398.
g2. Spiral to cyclic ; perianth single or sepalo-petalous. Carpels usually

separate. No stipules.

h. Leaves often much divided ; and mostly alternate. Flowers radiate
or zygomorphic, or apetalous. Mostly herbs.

Family 39. Ranunculacea, Crowfoot, p. 398.

h2. Carpels numerous, I -seeded, in an accrescent, fleshy cup. Aro-
matic trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves.

Family 42. Monimiacece, p. 420.

£•3. Spirocyclic, 3-merous flowers, many-seriate perianth, and many sta-
mens and achenes on a long, floral axis. Trees with simple, alter-
nate leaves, and fugacious, thin stipules.

Family 41. Magnoliacea, p. 419.

g4. Cyclic, mostly. Flowers often 3-merous, sepals and petals each 2-
seriate. Stamens often equal and opposite the petals, and anthers
often with uplifted valves. Carpel i, with parietal placenta. Fruit
baccate. Shrubs, with simple or pinnate, often spinose leaves.

Family 40. Berberidacea, Barberry, p. 415.
£2. Syncarpy and hypogyny prevail.

/. (Rhoeadales.) Flowers cyclic (not always the stamens), sepalo-petalous,
rarely apetalous, hypogynous, radiate or zygomorphic. Carpels 00-2,
united. Mostly herbs, flowers often racemed.

g. Flowers 2-merous (zygomorphic in the Subfamily, which has 6 diadel-
phous stamens, and a globular nutlet). Sepals 2, fugacious. Petals
4. Seeds with endosperm. Herbs with colored juice.

Fumitory subfamily of Family 43. Papaveracea, Poppy, p. 421.

MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 913

g2. Endosperm none. Leaves mostly alternate, and estipulate.

h. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 6, tetradynamous, or fewer by abor-
tion. Carpels 2, united, with a false septum. Radicle folded on
cotyledons. Family 44. Crucifertz, Mustard, p. 421.

h.2. Flowers 5-merous, radiate. Stamens 6 to many, not tetradyna-
mous. Ovary mostly i -celled.

Family 45. Capparidacea, Caper, p. 454.

^3. Flowers spirocyclic, unsymmetrically 4-7-merous, small, in racemes

or spikes. Capsule 3-6-lobed, I -celled, opening prematurely at

apex, with parietal placentae. Small herbs, with glands for

stipules. Family 46. Resedacece, Mignonette, p. 454.

/2. (Sarraceniales^) Flowers spirocyclic to cyclic, sepalo-petalous, hypogy-

nous, radiate, 5 -(-4-) merous. Stamens 5 (4-20) ; ovary 1-3 -celled.

Marsh-herbs with basal leaves having viscid hairs, insectivorous.

Family 47. Droseracece, Sundew, p. 455.

e$. Perigyny common ; but apocarpy and hypogyny still occur. Immersion of the
gynecium in the floral axis often induces syncarpy and epigyny of perianth
and stamens. (Rosales.*) Flowers cyclic, rarely spirocyclic, sepalo-petalous
or rarely apetalous, hypogynous to epigynous, radiate or zygomorphic.
Carpels often free, or sometimes united, occasionally with thick placentae,
and many-seeded.
f. Seeds usually with endosperm.

g. Flowers completely isomerous (or occasionally diplostemonous).
Sepals partly united. Seeds small, with scanty endosperm. Fleshy
herbs, with simple, alternate, estipulate leaves.

Family 48. Crassulacece, Stonecrop, p. 456.

g2. Diplostemonous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Petals
smaller than sepals or none. Shrubs or trees, with small flowers in
heads or racemes. Family 50. Cunoniacea, p. 466.

£•3. Normally diplostemonous. Leaves mostly alternate, estipulate. Petals
normal, mostly half-epigynous. Carpels few, often 2, united, with
diverging beaks. Herbs or shrubs. Seeds endospermous.

Family 49. Saxifragacea, p. 457.
/2. Seeds mostly without endosperm. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers

5-merous.

g. Carpels oo— i, buried in the receptacle, or mounted on a disk, or in a
pome. Flowers regular ; stamens numerous, often perigynous.

Family 5 i . Rosacea, Rose, p. 467.

g2. Carpel usually a single legume. Flowers mostly papilionaceous, with
10 stamens, or subpapilionaceous, or regular with many stamens.
Odd sepal anterior. Family 52. Leguminosce, Pea, p. 485.

^4. Flowers usually with 5-4 cycles. Apocarpy and isomerism occur ; but syn-
carpy and oligomery of gynecium prevail ; pliomery of this is rare. Stamens
often 10 or fewer.

/. (Gcraniales.) Flowers cyclic, sepalo-petalous or apetalous, rarely entirely
naked, normally 5-merous. Carpels 5-2, rarely more, united, but often

914 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

separating at maturity, each with 2-1 seeds. Seed epitropous, with ven-
» tral raphe, and superior micropyle ; a second, if present, has dorsal raphe

and inferior micropyle.
g. Sepalo-petalous, often obdiplostemonous, rarely isostemonous. Anthers

with lateral slits. Carpels isomerous or oligomerous.
h. Capsule ultimately separating into 5 carpels on the elongated axis.
Stamens 10. Styles branching. Leaves lobed or divided.

Family 53. Geraniace<z, Geranium, p. 531.

h2. Capsule 2-5 -celled, not separating. Diplo- or triplo-stemonous.

Styles distinct or branching. Leaves mostly radical, palmately

3-parted, or many-parted. Family 54. Oxalidacecz, p. 536.

^3. Capsule 3-celled, ultimately splitting apart. Perianth showy, zygo-

morphic, with a spur. Stamens 8 ; style i. Leaves peltate or

palmatifid. Family 55. Tropceolacece ; p. 543.

/Z4- Capsule 4— 12-celled. Flowers regular, 5- rarely 4-merous, diplo-

or triplo-stemonous. Mostly shrubs, with opposite, pinnate,

stipulate leaves. Family 56. Zygophyllacea, p. 544.

^5. Anomalous families. Seeds mostly with endosperm. (The following three

families are of unknown affinities.)

f2. Flowers zygomorphic, with 2 staminal whorls ; anthers opening by pores.
Carpels 2, united. Petals 3(— 5), united into a tube, dorsally open and
often crested. Sepals 5, the lateral pair becoming large wings. Endo-
sperm present or wanting. Family 57. Polygalacece, Milkwort, p. 546.
/2. Flowers regular, mostly apetalous, monoecious or dioecious. Ovary
mostly tricoccous ; the ripe cocci often elastically springing from the
axis. Embryo large, in fleshy or oily endosperm. Herbs or shrubs
with milky juice, sometimes spinose. Family 58. Euphorbiaccce, p. 551.
/3. Small, aquatic herbs, with opposite, entire leaves, and minute, solitary
flowers, sessile in the axils. Stamen I ; ovary 4-celled, with 2 styles.
Family 59. Callitrichacece, Water Starwort, p. 556.

e6. (Sapindales, including Celastrales.') Like Geraniales, but having the seeds
turned round, so as to be either pendent with dorsal raphe and superior
micropyle, or ascending, with ventral raphe and inferior micropyle. Chiefly
woody plants.

f. Flowers sepalo-petalous, radiate, monoecious or dioecious. Petals 3 ; sta-
mens 3. Gynecium iso- or plio-merous. Drupes black or red, with 6-9
nutlets. Heath-like evergreens.

Family 60. Empetracecz, Crowberry, p. 557.

/2. Stamens 10; ovary 5- or lo-lobed, S-styled, becoming i -seeded cocci.
Shrubs with opposite or 3-whorled, estipulate leaves.

Family 61. Coriaracetz, p. 557-
/3. Sepalo-petalous or apetalous, radiate, small flowers. Gynecium tending

to oligomery. Stamens on a disk.

g. Leaves with resin-ducts. Flowers 3-7-merous, polygamous to herma-
phrodite. Fruit a small drupe ; cells i-seeded. Endosperm scanty
or none. Family 62. Anacardiacea, Sumach, p. 558.

MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 915

g2. No resin-ducts. Flowers 4-5 -merous, mostly hermaphrodite. Ovary
3— 5-celled ; style 3— 5-lobed. Seeds with aril and endosperm.
Leaves pinnately veined. Family 63. Celastracea, Staff-tree, p. 559.
£•3. (Rhamnales.) Cyclic, sepalo-petalous or sometimes apetalous, peri-
gynous. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals. Carpels
5—2, united, and more or less inferior; cells mostly i-ovulate.
Seeds with endosperm, having dorsal, lateral or ventral raphe.
Shrubs, with simple, stipulate leaves, often thorny.

Family 64. Rhamnacece, Buckthorn, p. 561.

£•4. (Malvales.) Flowers cyclic (not always the stamens), sepalo-petalous,
rarely apetalous, radiate, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx 5-merous,
valvate. Petals 5. Stamens usually numerous. Carpels 2-00
united, each with i-oo anatropous ovules. Leaves stipulate.
h. Anthers 2-celled, opening by pores. Petals often many-lobed or
wanting. Drupe with pyrenes. Trees or shrubs with entire, non-
resinous leaves. Family 65. Elaocarpacece, p. 567.
h2. Anthers i -celled ; pollen prickly. Stamens monadelphous. Leaves
alternate, often with stellate hairs. Calyx often with a calyculus.

Family 66. Malvacece, Mallow, p. 568.

e$. (Parietales.} Spirocyclic or cyclic, often with oo stamens and oo carpels ;
sepalo-petalous, rarely apetalous ; hypogynous to epigynous. Sepals free
or slightly united. Carpels united ; placentae often parietal, occasionally
central or basal.
/. Gynecium free on a convex axis.

g. Carpels 5-18, united, but the styles distinct. Flowers 4-merous, the
sepals apically connate. Stamens numerous. Evergreen tree, with
opposite leaves and connate stipules. Seeds winged. Endosperm.

Family 67. Eucryphiacea, p. 577.

g2. Carpels mostly 3, united, the styles distinct. Stamens in 3 clusters.
Leaves opposite or whorled, with pellucid dots, estipulate. Seeds
without endosperm.

Family 68. Hypericacece, St. John's wort, p. 578.

£•3. Flowers 4— 7-merous ; petals mostly appendaged at the claws ; stamens
in two series of 3 ; anthers versatile. Placentae parietal ; seeds with
endosperm. Herbs or undershrubs with decussate leaves.

Family 69. Frankeniacece, p. 57^-

£•4. Carpels 3, united, I -celled, I -styled, with parietal placentae. Perianth
zygomorphic, 5-merous, i petal usually spurred. Anthers 5, con-
nate, 2 of them spurred. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate. Scapes
2-bracted, I -flowered. Herbs.

Family 70. Violacta, Violet, p. 580.

g$. Petals without ligulae (no petals in the Patagonian species). Stamens

oo, on a disk. Placentae 3-5, parietal ; styles as many. Evergreen

shrubs with 2-ranked leaves. Family 71. Flacourtiacece, p. 584.

/2. Gynecium mostly elevated on a gynophore, with a crown of radials at

its base. Stamens few, inserted with the perianth perigynously. Ovary

9l6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

I -celled with parietal placentae. Styles 3-5, clavate. Fruit a berry.
Leaves often lobed, with axillary tendrils.

Family 72. Passifloracea, Passion-flower, p. 584.

/3. Gynecium immersed in the axis, and united with it, i-celled. Flowers

mostly yellow. Stamens many. Placentae parietal or superior.

Leaves often compound. Family 73. Loasacea, p. 585.

e6. (Opnntiales.~) Flowers hemicyclic, sepalo-petalous, with spirally arranged

sepals, petals, and stamens, on the tubular axis, and 4—00 carpels forming

an inferior gynecium. Succulent plants, usually leafless and spiniferous.

Family 74. Cactacecz, Cactus, p. 591.

e"j. Flowers cyclic ; the gynecium commonly sunk in the hollow floral axis, and
often connate with the floral axis or the receptacle. Stipules usually none.
f. (Myrtales.} Flowers sepalo-petalous or apetalous, iso- or diplo-stemonous
(sometimes more by fission) ; rarely zygomorphic ; axis hollow, with 2—
oo carpels united in a free or adnate gynecium.
g. Seeds usually numerous, without endosperm.

h. Flowers perigynous ; ovary more or less free, 2— 6-celled. Stamens
1—3 times the petals. Bicollateral bundles.

Family 76. Lythracece, Loosestrife, p. 599.

h2. Epigynous. Stamens numerous. Style I. Shrubs or trees, with
opposite leaves, having oil-glands.

Family 77. Myrtaccce, Myrtle, p. 60 1.

^3. Flowers epigynous, 4-5-merous. Stamens few, often 2-seriate.

Herbs or shrubs with simple, non-glandular leaves, opposite or

alternate. Family 78. Onagracece, Evening-primrose, p. 606.

g2. Perigynous ; tending to apetaly. Seed mostly I , pendulous, without

endosperm, but with 2 integuments. Stamens about 8, in 2 series.

Trees or shrubs, with rough, inner bark.

Family 75. Thymeleacea, Mezereon, p. 597.

g$. Seeds with endosperm, solitary in the carpel, and with only I integu-
ment. Flowers epigynous, sometimes diclinous. Stamens 4—8, or
1-2. Amphibious plants with alternate or whorled leaves, and small,
greenish flowers. Family 79. Haloragidacece, Water-milfoil, p. 6 1 5.
f2. (Umbellales.') Flowers cyclic, sepalo-petalous, mostly isostemonous, epi-
gynous, 5-4-merous, mostly hermaphrodite, radiate. Flowers mostly
in umbels. Carpels I -seeded. Embryo small, in large endosperm.
Herbaceous or woody.
g. Flowers 5-merous. Styles as many as the carpels.

h. Gynecium I- to several-celled. Stamens 5 or 10. Fruit a berry
or drupe. Woody, with palmately divided leaves, and umbels or
racemes. Family 80. Araliacecz, Ivy, p. 619.

h2. Gynecium 2-merous, the ripe mericarps coming away from the
axis. Sepals reduced to teeth or obsolete. Simple or com-
pound umbels. Leaves usually much divided, estipulate, but
with a sheathing base. Family 8 1 . Umbellifera, Carrot, p. 6 1 9.
g2. Flowers 5-merous. Gynecium 2-3 -celled; style I. Stamens mostly

MACLOSKIE: ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 917

5 . Fruit a drupe. Mostly woody plants ; flowers small, racemed,
dioecious in this species. Family 82. Cornacea, Dogwood, p. 643.

CCC. Subclass SYMPETAL^E, or Metachlamydeae. Perianth highly specialized, normally
double, with the inner perianth sympetalous ; a few forms however differing from
their allied species by being choripetalous or apetalous.

Families 83-1 13, pp. 644-906.

d. Pentacyclic-isocarpic sympetals. Besides sympetaly, occasional choripetaly obtains.
Staminal cycles 2 or I. Hypogyny is dominant, epigyny rare. Woody plants
and herbs, mostly with simple estipulate leaves, and seeds with endosperm.
Flowers usually hermaphrodite.

e. (Ericales.} Flowers 5-4-merous, obdiplostemonous, or isostemonous through
suppression of the outer series of stamens. Petals free, or mostly united to
each other. Stamens mostly hypogynous, occasionally epigynous, often
inserted on the base of the corolla-tube. Carpels 2-5, when isomerous usu-
ally oppositipetalous. Fruit a capsule or berry, or drupe.
/. Anthers 2-celled, often with paired appendages, and often opening by termi-
nal pores. Pollen in quartets. Stamens mostly 8-IO.

Family 83. Ericacece, Heath, p. 644.

/2. Anthers usually i -celled, and opening by slits. Pollen simple. Stamens
mostly 5-4. Family 84. Epacridacece, p. 649.

e2. (Primulales.) Flowers 5- (4-8) merous, typically eudiplostemonous, but usu-
ally isostemonous, and the stamens oppositipetalous, with or without rudi-
ments of an outer series. Rarely unisexual and rarely zygomorphic, also
rarely choripetalous. Ovary mostly superior, I -celled, with a basal or free-
central placenta.
/. Seeds usually numerous. Style i.

Family 85. Primulacece, Primrose, p. 650.

/2. Seed i, on a long basal funicle. Styles 5. Flowers usually small,
crowded and bracted. Family 86. Plumbaginacece, Leadwort, p. 654.
e^. (Ebenales.~) Diplostemonous or triplostemonous, or with few stamens. Sym-
petalous and hypogynous. Ovary several-celled, cells with i-few seeds on
an axile placenta. Woody plants with alternate, entire leaves, and milky
juice. Family 87. Sapotacece, p. 656.

d2. Tetracyclic, anisocarpic sympetals. Stamens epipetalous.

e. (GeutianalesJ) Flowers regular and hypogynous, usually hermaphrodite ; the
carpels 2, often only slightly connate. Choripetaly and apetaly occur in
exceptional cases. Mostly with opposite, entire, estipulate leaves and endo-
spermous seeds.

f. Stamens only 2, or few. Flowers mostly 4-merous, sometimes apetalous.
Trees or shrubs. Family 88. Oleacece, Olive, p. 657.

/2. Stamens isomerous with the perianth members.
g. No milk-ducts.

h. Ovary 2-4-celled ; stigma lobed (antero-posteriorly). Flowers
4— 5-merous; seeds i-several. Trees or shrubs, with stipules or
transverse stipular ridges.

Family 89. Loganiacece, Strychnia, p. 658.

918 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

h.2. Ovary I -celled, with 2 parietal placentae (right and left). Herbs,
with leaves opposite or whorled and exstipulate.

Family 90. Gentianaccce, Gentian, p. 660.
g2. With milk-ducts. Herbs or shrubs.

h. Styles united ; stigma ring-formed. Stamens distinct ; pollen
granular. (Endosperm sometimes none).

Family 91. Apocynacece, Dogbane, p. 663.

h.2. Styles united only by the broad apical stigma. Stamens partly
united, with pouches and horns, and with carriers of the pollen-
masses. Family 92. Asclepiadacea, Milkweed, p. 663.
£2. Flowers regular or zygomorphic, hermaphrodite. Carpels (mostly 2-3) com-
pletely united.
f. Perianth hypogynous.

g. Tubiflorales. Flowers typically of4isomerous whorls, or with oligomery
of the gynecium, and also (in case of zygomorphy) of the stamens.
Corolla usually membranous and colored. Chiefly herbs.
h. Flowers mostly radiate. Carpels with few, to 2, seeds. Leaves

mostly alternate.

i. Seeds with inferior micropyle and endosperm. Fruit rarely fall-
ing apart into 4 valves. Corolla plaited ; its divisions contorted.
j. Ovary 2-4 celled ; style I, entire or divided ; seeds about 2
in each cell. Corolla usually funnelform, and plant usually
climbing. Family 93. Convolvulacece, p. 665.

J2, Ovary 3-celled ; style 3-cleft ; each cell with 2 or more
seeds. Corolla mostly salver-shaped.

Family 94. Polemoniacea, Phlox, p. 667.
12. Seeds with superior micropyle. Inflorescence scorpioid.

j. Fruit a capsule. Ovary i -celled, with 2 placentae, or spuri-
ously 2-celled. Style 2-lobed or parted. Seeds 2 or
more on each placenta, with endosperm. Herb not twin-
ing, with protruding stamens.

Family 95. Hydrophyllacece, Waterleaf, p. 673.
J2. Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style, becoming drupelets
or nucules. Mostly no endosperm.

Family 96. Borraginacece, p. 676.

h2. Flowers mostly zygomorphic. Carpels having 2, rarely only I
seed, with little or no endosperm. Leaves mostly opposite or
verticillate.

i. Seeds with inferior micropyle, becoming drupaceous pyrenes or
drupes. Ovary 2-celled. Style terminal, mostly simple.

Family 97. Verbenacea, p. 680.

22. Ovary 4-lobed around the style ; the lobes becoming i -seeded
nutlets ; stigma bifid. Stem usually square, and leaves
aromatic. Family 98. Labiata, Mint, p. 694.

^3. Flowers radiate or zygomorphic. Carpels rarely 5, mostly 2 con-
nate, usually with many, rarely with only 1-2, seeds, occasionally

MACLOSKIE I ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES. 919

baccate or a stone-fruit, mostly capsules opening not quite to
their base.

i. Fruit when capsular dehiscing into 2, rarely 5 or several valves.
Isostemonous. Bundles bicollateral. Seeds with endosperm.
Inflorescence often cymose.

Family 99. Solanacea, Potato, p. 698.
*2. Capsule 2-celled, with many to few seeds. Bundles collateral.

Stamens didynamous, except in some of Family 100.
j. Ovary 2-celled (antero-posteriorly), with axile placenta. Sta-
mens sometimes 5 or 2. Endosperm. Leaves mostly

alternate.

Family 100. Scrophulariacece, Snapdragon, p. 713.

J2. Ovary 2-i-celled. Seeds many, flat, winged, with little or

no endosperm. Trees or shrubs, mostly with opposite

leaves. Family 101. Bignoniacece, p. 727.

73. Ovary I -celled, with 2 parietal placentae (or 2- or 4-celled by

ingrowth). Leaves opposite or whorled. Endosperm

, present or none. Herbs.

Family 102. Gesneriacea, p. 728.

23. Ovary i -celled, or falsely 2-4-celled. Seeds few, not winged,

with little endosperm. Capsule horned. Stamens as in
Scrophulariaceae. Gland-bearing herbs ; leaves mostly op-
posite. Family 103. Marty niacea, Unicorn-plant, p. 730.

24. Ovary i -celled, with many seeds ; no endosperm. Corolla

with a palate. Stamens 2, the anther-cells confluent. Float-
ing, aquatic or bog herbs ; the leaves tufted, or floating and
utriculiferous, or mere scales.

Family 104. Lentibulariacece, Bladder-wort, p. 730.

g2. (Plantaginales.) Flowers 4-merous, radiate, hermaphrodite or uni-
sexual. Leaves mostly alternate or basal. Usually herbs, rarely
with woody stock. Corolla scarious. Ovary i-4-celled; capsule
often circumscissile. Flowers mostly in heads or spikes ; but in
southern forms, few or solitary on the scape.

Family 105. Plantaginacece, p. 731.
/2. Perianth epigynous.

g. Stamens not united. (Rulriales.) Flowers 5-4-merous, the stamens or
carpels often fewer ; radiate or zygomorphic. Ovary divided or I -
celled ; the cells with several to I pendent seeds. Woody plants or
herbs, with opposite, mostly entire leaves.

h. Stamens isomerous. Leaves stipulate or verticillate. Ovary 2-8-
cells, the cells mostly i -seeded.

Family 106. Rnbiacea, Madder, p. 738.
It2. Stamens fewer than the perianth-segments. Ovary with only i

fertile cell, I -seeded. Leaves exstipulate.

i. Calyx at first obscure, afterwards often forming a pappus. Seeds
without endosperm. Flowers slightly irregular.

Family 107. Valerianacca, p. 744.

920 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

12. Calyx developed. Ovary I -celled ; style simple ; stigma ter-
minal. Seeds with endosperm. Flowers in an involucrate
head. Family 108. Dipsacacece, Teasel, p. 750.

g2. Stamens connivent or united. (Campanulales.) Flowers typically 5-
merous, isostemonous, usually with gynecial oligomery. Ovary
several-celled, with several to i seed in each cell, or only i -seeded.
Mostly herbs ; sometimes shrubs. Leaves exstipulate.
h. Stamens not united (except in subfam. Lobeliece and some

Goodeniacea!).

i. With segmented milk-ducts. Ovary 2— several-celled. Style

non-indusiate. Family 109. Campanulacece, Bellflower, p. 751.

12. No milk ducts. Ovary i-2-celled, I- to many-ovuled. Style

indusiate. Leaves simple. Family no. Goodemace<z,<p.']$t).

h2. Stamens 2, united by their filaments to the style. Ovary 2-celled,

seeds numerous, with endosperm. No milk-ducts.

Family in. Candolleacea, p. 756.
^3. Stamens isomerous with the corolla-lobes, more or less united.

Flowers in involucrate heads.

i. Filaments united, and base of anthers. Style undivided ; stigma
capitate. Seed pendulous, with little endosperm. Calyx rep-
resented by teeth or lobes. Family 112. Calyceracea, p. 756.
12. Anthers normally united. Style 2 -branched (except in the
barren flowers). Seed erect, without endosperm. Calyx rep-
resented by a pappus or wanting.

Family 113. Composite, Daisy, p. 764-906.

PART VII.

COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY.

i. COLLECTORS.

Philip Commerson, the botanist of Bougainville's French Exploring
Expedition, visited Magellan Strait in 1767-68, and gave to the scientific
world its first collection of the plants characteristic of the region. J.
Banks and D. Solander were the naturalists on Captain Cook's First
Voyage, 1768-71, and J. R. Foster and his son, G. Foster, and A. Sparr-
man, were on Cook's Second Voyage, 1772-75, which visited the Ant-
arctic regions and the Fuegian islands. Anderson on Cook's Third
Voyage, and Menzies, who was Surgeon and Naturalist on Vancouver's
Voyage, 1791, collected on the Pacific shores of Patagonia.

After the episode of the Napoleonic wars the spirit of geographical and
scientific exploration revived primarily with the French, and afterwards
with the British. In 1817 Gaudichaud sailed under Admiral Freycinet
in two French corvettes on a scientific expedition to New Holland and
the East Indies. In course of their return by Cape Horn with valuable
botanical collections one of the ships was wrecked on a hidden rock.
Gaudichaud' s plants, however, were ultimately saved from the wreck, and
were further enlarged by collections made on the Falkland Isles. Ad-
miral d'Urville afterwards visited these islands in another French ship,
and increased Gaudichaud's discoveries. Dr. Eights, an American, also
landed on the South Shetland Isles, where he found Aira antarctica, the
most southern of flowering plants. In 1826-30 the Exploring Expedi-
tion under Captain King made further collections in Magellan Strait.
The interest in the natural history of the far south of the American Con-
tinent received a new impulse from the explorations and singularly bold
speculations of Charles Darwin, who went in his early manhood under
Captain Fitzroy as naturalist on board the Beagle, 1831-36. His inde-
fatigable industry and his observations during the voyage, and the charm-

921

922 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

ing descriptions which he gave of what he had seen, as well as the
numerous specimens collected and his interesting speculations, rendered
the field of his explorations forever classical, and formed a proper open-
ing for the career which has made his name a household word. When
in Southern Patagonia, he led a botanical expedition up the Rio Santa
Cruz more than 300 kilometers inwards. His work was primarily on the
Zoology and the Geology of the countries visited ; but he never missed
an opportunity of gathering examples of the vegetation. His visits were
quickly followed by Jacquinot, Hombron and Gaillant, 1837—38, to
Magellan Strait. Then the United States Exploring Expedition, under
Captain Wilkes marked the entrance of our Western Republic into the
civilizing service of science. The results of this voyage were partly
worked out and a couple of botanical volumes published under the care
of Asa Gray. The great British expedition to the south speedily followed,
in the ships Erebus and Terror, 1839-43, under Captain Sir James C.
Ross, with Joseph Dalton Hooker as botanist. Hooker's splendid vol-
umes on the Flora Antarctica, illustrated by colored plates, are the out-
come of this expedition, with companion volumes on the Flora of New
Zealand and of Tasmania. The first volume of the Flora Antarctica is
confined to the plants of a few islands in the neighborhood of New Zea-
land ; and the second, much the larger volume, deals with the vegetation
of Patagonia and neighboring islands (including the Falklands, South
Shetlands, South Georgia) and also of the more distant Tristan d' Acunha
and Kerguelen. Of this last Hooker writes : "It may appear paradoxical,
at first sight, to associate the plants of Kerguelen's Land with those of
Fuegia, separated by 140 degrees of longitude, rather than with those of
Lord Auckland's group, which is nearer by about 50 degrees. But the
features of the Flora of Kerguelen's Land are similar to, and many of the
species identical with, those of the American continent, constraining me
to follow the law of botanical affinity in preference to that of geographical
position." This statement, published in 1847, was the precursor of sev-
eral striking discussions as to the origin and probable distribution of
species, contrary to the views which at that date were prevalent in the
New World ; these discussions prepared their author for a ready accept-
ance of the generalizations of A. R. Wallace and Charles Darwin, which,
whether accepted in their totality or not, had the effect of disposing of
the preceding speculations in the same field.

MACLOSKIE : COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. 923

In his introduction to Vol. II of Flora Antarctica Dr. Hooker says,
" The successive labors of Commerson, Banks and Solander, and of
Menzies, early called the attention of Botanists to the singular aspect of
the Fuegian Flora, apparently incompatible in its luxuriance with the
rigor of the climate. The subsequent exertions of Captain King and Mr.
Anderson, and of Darwin, during the voyages of Captain Fitzroy, of
d'Urville, and the officers of our own late Antarctic Expedition, have
nearly exhausted the phanerogamic productions." Dusen's remark on
this statement is that "it may have been justified regarding the Western
and Southern Vegetation of Fuegia, but not at all in regard to the
steppes." As to. other parts of the Patagonian Region, a great many new
species have been described since Hooker's work appeared ; and we con-
fess to our surprise in reaching a total of more than 2,100 species of
Phanerogams as already described from the mainland and adjoining
islands, south of the 39th parallel.

Since and partly concurrently with the work of Hooker, the Chilian
botanists have extended their view to Patagonia, most of which is under
Chilian government. Carl Gay's large work on Chili devotes eight volumes
to its Botany (1845-53), with many descriptions of the Magellan plants.
The Philippi's, father and son, are the great authorities on the Chilian
plants since Gay's time ; and Carl Reiche is ably carrying on the succes-
sion in that part. In 1866-69, Robert O. Cunningham afterwards of
Belfast College, Ireland, went as naturalist on board a small English
Steamer, the Nassau, which was sent to survey the Strait of Magellan ;
the fruit of his work was a large collection of plants as well as animals,
and a book on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan, which is
full of life-sketches of the inhabitants, animal and vegetable, of those parts
and of their habits. The Argentine Government having control of North
Patagonia, on its eastern slope, sent an Exploring Expedition to Rio
Negro, under Captain Roca, the Botany of which was prepared for the
Report by Lorentz and Niederlein (1881). W. Lechler and the French-
men, Savatier, Hariot, and Hyades, the last in the Scientific Mission to
Cape Horn (1882-1883), made large contributions. Collections have
been made and a great many new forms described and published by C.
Spegazzini from different parts of the Region, including Fuegia. In 1896
N. Alboff visited the parts about Ushuaia, on the Beagle Channel, and
Staaten Island, and published his observations on the vegetation. The

924 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Swedish expedition (1895-97) under O. Nordenskqjld, though chiefly
geological, had Mr. Per Dusen as its botanist, who made independent
excursions to Patagonia, Chili and Fuegia, and whose publications on
the Bryophytes and Flowering Plants have done much to extend our
knowledge of the general character of the flora.

Dusen had been previously employed by the Chilian Government as a
member of an exploring party along the River Aysen, and on the Guai-
tecas Islands, and thereby had an opportunity to study the forest-vegeta-
tion, and particularly the rich undergrowth of mosses and ferns which are
characteristic of the rainy western coast. His later collections were made
first about Puerto Madryn (43° 20' S. Lat. on the east shore), from the
xerophil coast and the drifting sand ; next along the Rio Chubut, near its
mouth ; and by the mouths of Rio Sta. Cruz and Rio Gallegos ; and about
Punta Arenas and Porvenir across the Strait from Punta Arenas, and at
Paramo, Rio Grande and neighbouring parts of Fuegia ; next at Admiralty
Sound, and at Rio Azopardo, and in West Magellan, in Desolation Island,
particularly near Puerto Angosto just east of that island, on the narrowest
part of the strait. Late in the season, and at a very unfavorable time in that
climate for collecting (May i), he reached Ushuaia on the Beagle Channel,
whence he returned to Punta Arenas. His collections, and those made by
Nordenskjold along the Gallegos, and at Ultima Esperanza and Lago
Sarmiento, have been already worked and partially reported on, as to the
Phanerogams and Bryophytes. The same report also includes a collec-
tion by Bruno Ansorge who had been engaged at Goldmines of Paramo
on the Atlantic coast of Fuegia.

The Princeton University Expeditions (Dr. J. B. Hatcher and O. A.
Peterson, 1895-96) were almost simultaneous with the Swedish, and in
large measure over part of the same ground, penetrating farther up the
Eastern Cordilleras, with the natural result that the collections are not
very dissimilar, and that most of the new species have been described in
the Swedish reports. As Professor Evans and Mr. Dusen have shown
above, the Hepaticae and Musci contain interesting novelties. As to the
phanerogams the most interesting novelties have been described in their
place in Part V of this volume.

In the season 1899-1900 Mr. Barnum Brown collected chiefly Flower-
ing Plants along Rio Gallegos, and Cryptogams in Fuegia, near the
Beagle Channel and on western coast and islands of Fuegia. This col-

MACLOSKIE I COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. 925

lection is in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Gardens, and its
phanerograms are included in this volume.

2. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

For the names of species and their general distribution, our chief reliance
has been the Index Kewensis as amended and supplemented by O. Kuntze's
Revisio Plantarum and by Engler and Prantl ; also the American text-
books, such as Gray's Synoptical Flora, and Britton and Brown's Illus-
trated Flora; Coulter's Rocky Mountain Flora, and Sereno Watson's
Botany of California. For the characteristic Patagonian plants we use,
beside the older works, as Persoon's Synopsis and DeCandolle's Prodro-
mus, the Flora Antarctica, and the great works of Gay, of the Philippis,
Reiche and the Argentine botanists, and most of all Carlos Spegazzini's
and Per Dusen's recent contributions.

For characteristic field-notes we are indebted chiefly to this last men-
tioned contribution, and to Hooker, to Cunningham, and to Hatcher, and
as to North Patagonian plants to Ball's paper in the Linnaean Society's
Journal.

The subjoined list indicates the books and authorities which we have
found most serviceable for descriptions of the Patagonian species.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Alton, W.

1789 Hortus Kewensis, i-iii. London, 1789.
Alboff, N.

1896 Contributions a la Flore de la Terre de Feu. La Plata, 1896.
Annales de la Sociedad Cientif., Argentina. Buenos Aires.
Annales de Sci. Naturelles. Paris.
Annal. d. Univers. Chil., Santiago de Chili.
Arata, P. N.

On Yerba-mate (Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent, iii, 132-35, 256-68).
On Berberis buxifolia (ibid., vii, 97-99).
On Drimys Winteri (ibid., xxvi, 104-17).
Arata, P. N., and Canzoneri.

On Azorella (ibid., xxvi, 281-86).
Ardissone, F.

Le Alghe della Terra del Fuoco (Rendic. Inst. Lomb., xxi, 208-15).
Azara, F. De.

1809 Voyages dans 1'Amerique mend. 1781-1801, 4 vols. and Atlas. Paris, 1809.
Baker, J. G.

1877 Handbook of the Irideae. London, 1877.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Ball,J.

1886 Contributions to the Flora of North Patagonia and adjoinin gterritory (Journ. Linn.
Soc, Botany, xxi, 1886).

Contributions to the Flora of the Peruvian Andes, with remarks on the history and
origin of the Andean Flora (Do., xxii, p. 1-64).

Notes on the Botany of Western South America (Do., xxii, pp. 137-168).
1893 Further Contributions to the Flora of Patagonia (Do., xxvii, 1893, p. 471).
Barkley, A. C.

1886 Falkland Islands (Gardener's Chronicle, xvi, 1886, p. 334).
Barneoud, F. M.

1845 Monographic Generale de la famille des Plantaginees. Paris, 1845.
Seal, W. J.

'86-'96 Grasses of North America, i, ii. New York, 1886-96.
Beauvois, P. M.

Essai d'une nouvelle Agrostographie.
Bennett, A. W.

*79~'95 Polygalae Amer. (in Journal of Bot, 1879-95).
Bentham, G.

1848 Labiatae (DC. Prodromus, xii, p. 27 sqq. Paris, 1848).
1873 On the Compositae (in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1873).
Bentham and Hooker.

'62— '83 Genera Plantarum, i-iii. London, 1862—83.
Bentham and Muller.

'63~'78 Flora Australiensis, i-vii. London, 1863-78.
Berg, C.

1875 Naturhist. Reise nach Patagonien (Peterm. Mitth., xxi, 1875, 364-72).

Enumeracion de las plantas de Buenos Aires y Patag. (Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent, iii,
183, etc.).

On Quinquamalium patagonicum, etc. (ibid, x, 142-43).
Boissier, E.

1848 Plumbaginaceae (in DC. Prodromus, xii, p. 617 sqq. Paris, 1848).
Boott, F.

1846 Caricis novae species (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1846).
'58-'67 Illustrations of Carex, i-iv. London, 1858-67.

Bray, W. L.

1897 On Distribution of Frankeniaceae (Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxiv, 1897, 395-417).

1898 On Relation of Sonoran and Chili-Argent. Flora (Bot. Gazette, Aug., 1898).
Britton and Brown.

'96-'98 Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada, i-iii. New York, 1896-98.
Britton, N. L.

1904 Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and of Canada. New York, 1904.
Brown, R.

1810 Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae VanDiemen. London, 1 8 10.
Buchenau, Fr.

1879 Kritische Zusamenstellung der bis jetzt bekannten Juncaceen aus Sudamerika. Bremen,
1879.

MACLOSKIE: BIBLIOGRAPHY. 927

1890 Monographia Juncacearum (Engler's Bot. Jahrbuch., xii, 1890).
Cassini, A. H. G.

1816 Aperc.u d. genres nouv. d. Synantherees. Paris, 1816.
'l7-'25 Contributions in Diet. d. Sci. Nat. 1817-25.

1826 Opuscles Phytol., ii. Paris, 1826.
Cavanilles, A. J.

1791-1801 Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum, i-vi. Madrid, 1791-1801.

1802 Descripcion de las plantas. Madrid, 1802.
Chamisso and Schlechtendal.

'26-'3i De Plantis in expeditione . . . Romanzoff. (Linnsea, i-vi, 1826-31).
Clark, E.

1885 Barrenness of the Pampas (Nature, xxx'i, 1885, p. 203-339).
Cockayne, L.

1904 Botanical Excursion to Southern Is. of New Zeal. (Trans. N. Zeal. Inst, xxxvi, 1904,

pp. 225-333).
Coulter, J. M.

1855 Manual of Bot. of Rocky Mts. New York, 1855.
Coulter and Chamberlain.

1901 Morphology of Spermatophytes (Gymnosperms). New York, 1901.

1903 Morphology of Angiosperms. New York, 1903.
Crie, L.

1878 Revision de la Flore des Malouines (Isles Falklands, Comptes Rendus, 88, 1878, p.

530).

Crombie, J. M.
*68-'69 On Lichens collected by R. O. Cunningham (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot, xv, 1868-69, p.

222).

Cunningham, R. 0.

1871 Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan. Edinburgh, 1871.
Darwin, C.

1846 Voyage of a Naturalist, or " Journal of Researches . . . during the voyage of H. M. S.

Beagle." Ed. 2, New York, 1846.
Decaisne, J.

1844 Asclepiadeae (DC. Prodromus, viii, p. 490, sqq. Paris, 1844).

1853 Voyage au Pole Sud, etc., sur les Corvettes Astrolabe et la Zelee. Botanique. Paris.

1853-

1852 Plantaginaceae (DC. Prodr., xiii, i, p. 693. Paris, 1852).
DeCandolle, A. P., etc.

'24-'63 Prodromus systematis naturalis regni veget (DC. Prodr., i-xvii. Paris, 1824-63).
DeCandolle, Alph., and Cas.

1879 Monographic Phanerogam (A. DC. Monogr. Paris, 1879 sqq.).
DeLessert, B.

'20-'37 Icones Selects Plantar., i-iii. Paris, 1820-37.
Desvaux, N. A.

1849 Salsolaceae, Amarantaceae, etc. (in DC. Prodr., xiii, 2. Paris, 1849).
Desvaux, N. A.

1808 Memoire sur genre Luzula (Journ. de Bot., i. Paris, 1808).

928 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Dietrich, A.

*3I~'33 Linnaei Species Plantarum, i. Paris, 1831-33.
Don, D.

1832 Descriptive Catalogue of some Composite (Phil. Mag. and Annals, ii, 1832, London).

1833 Description of new Composite of Peru, Mexico, and Chili (Trans. Linn., xvi, 1833,
London).

Don, G.

'3i-*38 Gardener's Dictionary, i-iv. London, 1831-38.
Dumont d'Urville.

1826 Flore des Malouines (Mem. de la Soc. Linn., iv, part 2, 1826, Paris).
Dunal, F.

1852 Solanaceae (DC. Prodr., xiii, p. 15 sqq. Paris, 1852).
Durand & Jackson.

1895 Index Kewensis, Supp. I. Bruxelles, 1895.
Dusen, P.

1897 Die Vegetation der feuerlandischen Inselgruppe. (Engler's Botan. Jahrbuch, xxiv, 2.
1897.

1901 Die Gefasspflanchen der Magellanslander, etc. (Svenska exped. t. Magell., iii, 5-

Stockholm, 1901).

Ueber die tertiare Flora der Magellanslander (Svensk. Exped. till Magellanslanderna,

i, 4, 89-107).
1903 Die Pflanzenvereine d. Magellanslander nebst einem Beitrage zur Okologie, etc. (ibid.,

iii, 10. Stockholm, 1903).
1902-1905 Beitrage z. Bryologie d. Magellanslander, v. Westpatagonien u. Siid-Chile,

Archiv f. Botanik. Uppsala, 1903-05.
Dusen, P., and Stephani.

1901 Lebermoose der Magellansl. Stockholm, 1901.
Dyer, T. T.

1905 Second Supplement to Index Kewensis. Oxon., 1905.
Endlicher, S.

1836 Genera Plantarum. Vindob, 1836.
Engler, A.

1879 Araceae, including Lemnoideae (DC. Monogr. Phanerog., ii. Paris, 1879).

1886 Phanerogamen flora von Sud-Georgien (Bot. Handb., vii, 1886, 281-285).

1902 Pflanzenreich. Leipzig, 1902 sqq.
Engler, A., and Prantl.

1887-1901 Pflanzenfamilien. Leipzig, 1887-1901.
Evans, A. W.

Musci and Hepaticae from Fuegia and Patagonia (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 135-142).

1898 Hepaticae collected by John B. Hatcher in Southern Patagonia (Torrey Bulletin, 1898.
407-431).

Flora, Regensburg, 1818-1882.
Forster, J. R., and G.

1776 Characteres Generum Plantarum. London, 1776.
Forster, G.

1789 Fasciculus Plantarum Magellanicarum. Gottingen, 1789.

MACLOSKIE I BIBLIOGRAPHY. 929

Fournier, Eng.

1882 Asclepiadaceas Americanas (Ann. Sc. Nat., vi, 14 : 366, 1882).
Franchet, A.

1889 Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, vol. v,Botanique. Paris, 1889.
Gallois, L.

1901 Les Andes de Patagonie. Paris, 1901.
Garcke, A.

1893 Ueber die gattung Abutilon (Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xv, 1893, 480-492).
Gaudichaud, Ch.

1825 Rapport sur la Flore des Isles Malouines (Ann. d. Sc. Nat., v. Paris, 1825).

1826 Botanique (Freycinet, L., Voyage autour du monde. Paris, 1826).
Gay. Cl.

'45-'S3 Historia Fisica, etc., de Chili (Botanica, i-viii. Paris, 1845-53).
Gelert, 0.

'94-'95 Studier o. Slaegten Batrachium. Copenhagen, 1894-1895.
Gillies, J.

'3°-'33 In Hooker's Botan. Miscell., 1830-33.
Gmelin, G. F.

1791 Systema Naturae, i, ii, 1791.
Gray, A.

1854 Botany of the Wilkes Exploring Exped., 1838-42; text and plates. Philadelphia,

1854.

1862 Characters of some Compositae (Proc. Am. Acad., v, 1862).
1862 Characters of some species of Monopetals (Proc. Am. Acad., vi, 1862).
'78-'86 Synopsis of the Flora of N. Amer. New York, 1878-86.

1889 Manual of Botany of N. U. S., revised by Watson & Coulter. New York, 1889.
Grisebach, A. (of Gottingen).

1839 Genera et species Gentianacearum. Stuttgart and Tubingen, 1839.
'53-'S5 System. Bemerkungen u. Pfl. Philippi's u. Lechler's in sudl. Chili u. Magellanstrasse

(Abh. Gott, vi, 1853-55).
1874 Plantae Lorentzianae (Do., xix, 1874).
1879 Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam (Do., xxiv, 1879).
Hackel, E.

1887 Gramineae (Pflanzenfam., ii, 2, I sqq., 1887).
1889 Andropogonesa (DC. Monogr. Phanerog., vi. Paris, 1889).
Hariot, P.

1891 Contrib. a la Flore Cryptogam, de la terre de Feu (Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, xxxviii,

1891, p. 616).

1895 Algues de la Reg. Magell. (Journ. de Bot., ix, 1895).
Haussknecht, C.

1884 Monographic der gattung Epilobium. Jena, 1884.
Hegelmaier, F.

1864 Monogr. of Callitriche. Stuttgardt, 1864.
1895 System d. Lemnaceae (Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxi, 1895, p. 268).
Herbert, W.

Amaryllidaceae.

930 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Helmsley, W. B.

1886 Vegetation of South Georgia (Nature, xxxiv, 1886, pp. 186-187).
Hieronymus, G.

1881 Sertum Patagonicum. Cordoba, 1881.

1879 Niederleinia juniperoides (Boletin Acad. Nac. Cordoba, 1879).
Hombron and Jacquinot.

1853 In Decaisne's Bot. Voy., Astrolabe et Zele. Paris, 1853.
Hooker, J. D. (Hooker filius).

1847 Flora Antarctica, i, ii. London, 1847.
1837-1905 Icones Plantarum, ser. i-iv. London, 1837-1905.
Hooker, W. J.
'4O-'44 Journal of Botany. London, 1840-44.

1841 The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage. London, 1841.
'46-'64 Species Filicum, i-v. London, 1846-64.
Hooker and Greville.

*29-'3l Icones Filicum, i, ii. London, 1829-31.
Hooker and Arnott.

'3°-'33 Botanical Miscellany, i-iii. London, 1830-33.
'35-'36 Companion to Botanical Magazine, i, ii. London, 1835-36.

1841 Contrib. to Fl. S. Amer. (Journal of Bot., iii, 1841).
Hooker and Baker.

1883 Synopsis Filicum, London (1874), 1883.
Hooker (fil.) and Jackson.
'93~'95 Index Kewensis Plant. Phanerogam., i-iv. London, 1893-95.

Index Kewensis, Supplementum Primum.
Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth (H. B. K.).
'l5-'52 Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, i-vi. Paris, 1815-25.
Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogamarum, i-iv. London, 1893-95.
Index Kewensis, Supplement i: by T. Durand and B. D. Jackson, 1886-95 (3 fascicles

published).

Index Kewensis, Supplement ii : by W. T. Thiselton Dyer and Curators. Oxford, 1904.
Jacquin, J. F. de.

*4i-'44 Collections, Eclogas Plantar, rarior. i, ii. Vindob., 1841-44.
Jussieu, A. L. de.

1769 Genera Plantarum. Paris, 1769.
Karsten and Schultz-Bip.
'47-' 53 Plantae Karst. (Linnaea, 1847-1853).
Kiikenthal, G.

1898 Ue. Uncinien. (Bot. Centralblatt, 1898, no. 46).

1899 Carex-vegetation der aussertrop. Sudamer. (Engler's Bot. Jahrb., xxvii, 1899, p. 588
sqq.).

Kunth, K. S.

1850 Enumeratio Plantarum, i-v. Stuttgardt and Tubingen, 1833-50.

1812 Distribution Methodique de la Famille des Gramineae. Paris, 1812.
Kunth and Humboldt.

1835 Revisio Graminum. Paris, 1835.

MACLOSKIE: BIBLIOGRAPHY. 931

Kuntze, G.

1837 Analecta pteridographica. Lipsiae, 1837.

'4O-'5i Die Farrnkrauter, colorirten, i, ii, 1840-51.
Kuntze, 0.

'93-'98 Revisio Generum Plantarum, Pars iii. Leipzig, 1863-98. (Abbreviated O. Ktze.).
Kurtz, F.

1899 On the discovery of a Dakota-Flora in Southwestern Patagonia (Geol. Mag., 1899).
Lagasca, A. M.

1811 Amenidades naturales, i. Orihuela, 1811.

1816 Genera et Species Plantarum. Matriti, 1816.
Lamarck.

1789-1808 Encycl. Methodique. Botanique, i-viii. Paris, 1789-1808.
Lechler, W.

1857 Berberides Americae Austr. Stuttgardt, 1857.
Lehman, J. G. C.

1817 Monogr. Generis Primularum. Lipsiae, 1817.

1828 Pugillus Plant, in Horto Hamburg (Act. Leopold., 1828).
Lenoble.

1850 De la Yerba Mate du Paraguay (Journ. de Pharm. et de Chemie, 3, xviii. 1850, p.

199).
Lessing, C. F.

1830 De Synanthereis (Linnaea, v. 1830).
Lindley, J.

'30-*40 Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London, 1830-40.
Linnaea. Annual vols. Halle, 1826-66. Berlin, 1869-82.
Linnaeus, C.

1737 Genera Plantarum. Leyden, 1737.

1753 Species Plantarum. Stockholm, 1753.

1797-1830 Systema Vegetabilium, i-viii, and Suppl., i-iii, Stuttgardt. Species Plantar., cura

Willdenow, i-vi, 1797-1830.
Linnaean Society.

Proceedings.
Transactions.
Linnaeus fil.

1781 Supplem. PI. Syst. Veg. Brunswick, 1781.
Lista, R.

1896 Plantas patagonicas (Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent, xlii, 1896; p. 385-95).

Patagonia andina (ibid., pp. 401—425).
Lloyd and Underwood.

1900 On Species of Lycopodium of N. Amer. Columbia Univ. New York, 1900.
Lorentz and Niederlein.

1881 Expedicion al Rio Negro, — Botanica. Buenos Aires, 1 88 1.
Martin, C.

1882 Der patagonische Urwald (Mitth. d. Ver. f. Erdkunde z. Halle, 1882, 88-10 1).
Martius, Endlicher and Eichler.

*40-'85 Flora Brasiliensis, Fascic. 1-85. Lipsiae, 1840-1885.

932 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Meyen, F. J. F.

1843 Reise (Acad. Caes. Leop. Nova Acta, 1843).
Mez, C.

1899 Bromeliaceae (DC. Monogr. Phanerog., ix. Paris, 1899).
Micheli, M.

1881 Alismaceae, Juncagineae, etc. (DC. Monogr. Phanerog., iii. Paris, 1881).
Miers, J.

'46-'57 Illustrations of S. Amer. Plants, i-ii. London, 1846-57.
'5I-'7I Contributions to Bot. of S. Amer., i-iii. London, 1851-71.

1863 Ephedra (Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1863, p. 252 sqq.).
Mirbel, C. H.

1827 Quelques Especes des Amentacees (Mem. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat, xiv. Paris, 1827).
Molina, G.

1782 Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Bologna, 1782, and republished in trans-
lations.
Montague, C.

1839 Sertum Patagonicum. Paris, 1839.
Moquin-Tandon, A.

1840 Chenopodiaceae, Paris, 1840.

1849 Salsolaceae, Amarantaceae, etc. (in DC. Prodr., xiii, 2. Paris, 1849).
Moreno and Tonnini. (M. & T.)

Patagonian Plants (in O. Kuntze's Revision).
Miiller, C.

1879 Prodromus Bryologicae Argentinae (Linnaea, xlii, 1879, p. 217-460).

1885 Bryologia Fuegiana (Flora, Ixviii, 1885, pp. 291-429).

1887 Die Moos-welt Sud-georgiens (Die Natur, 1887).
Miiller, J.

Lichenes (Cape Horn Report, Botanique, 141-172, 1889).

1889 Lichenes Spegazziniani in Staaten Island, Fuegia et in regione Freti Magellanici lecti

(Nuov. Giorn. bot. ital., xxi, 1889, 35-54).
Musters, G. C.

1873 At Home with the Patagonians. London, ed. 2, 1873.
Nees ab Esenbeck, C. G.

1829 Agrostologia Brasiliensis. Stuttgart, 1829.

1842 Cyperaceae (Flor. Brasil., 1842).
Neger, W.

1899 Plant-geography of S. Andes and Patagon. (Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxviii, p. 232, 1899).
Nichols, A.

1885 Barrenness of the Pampas (Nature, xxxi, 1885, p. 289).
Nuttall, T.

1818 Genera of N. Amer. Plants and Catalogue of Species, i, ii. Philadelphia, 1818.
Nylander, W.

1888 Lichenes Fuegias et Patagon., 36 pp. Paris, 1 888.
Orbigny, A. d'.

1847 Voyage dans 1'Amer. merid., vii, Botanique. Paris, 1847.

MACLOSKIE I BIBLIOGRAPHY. 933

Persoon, C. H.

'05-' 07 Synopsis Plantarum, i, ii. Paris, etc., 1805-1807.
Philippi, F. (Filius).

1881 Catalogus PI. Vase. Chil., Santiago de Chile, 1881.
Philippi, R. A.
'56-'65 Plantarum Nov. Chilensium Centurise (Linnaea, xxviii, xxix, xxxiii, 1856-65).

Plantas Nuevas Chilenas (Anales de la Univers. de Chili, torn. 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88,
90, 91, 94).
Pilger, R.

1903. Taxacese (Pflanzenreich, iv, 5. Leipzig, 1903).
Poeppig, E.

1830 Collectio Plantar. Chilens., 1830.
Poeppig, E., and Endlicher.

'34-'45 Nova Genera et Species Plant., i-iii, Lipsiae, 1834-45.
Presl, C. B.
'3°~'3^ Reliquiae Haenk. i, ii. Prag, 1830-36.

1849 Epimeliae Botan. Prag, 1849.
Poiret, J. L. M.

'iO-'i7 Encycl. Methodique, Bot. Suppl., i-v. Paris, 1810-17.
Rapin.

1827 Esquisse de 1'hist. nat. des Plantaginees (Mem. de la Soc. Lineenne de Paris, vi, 1827).
Reiche, C.

1896-1901 Flora de Chili, i-iii. Santiago, 1896-1901.
189 Chilenisch. Buchen. Valparaiso, 1897.

1897 Zur systematik der chilenischen Arten der Gattung Calandrinia (Ber. Deutsch hot.
Ges., xv, 1897, 493-S03)-

1899 Einiger Chil. Umbelliferen (Engler's Bot. Jahrb., xxviii, 1899).
Reichenbach, H. G.

'46-' 54 Orchidographische. (Linnaea, 1846-54).
'78-' 80 Otia Botanica. Hamburg, 1878-80.
Remy. (In Gay's Flora de Chile.)
Rodway, L.

1903 Tasmanian Flora, Hobart-town, 1903.
Rogers, J. T., and E.

1880 Ibar. Reise im sudwestlichen Patagonien, i877(Peterm. Mitth., xxvi, 1880, pp. 47-64).
Ruiz and Pavon.

1798-1802 Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, i-iii. Madrid, 1798-1802.
Schauer, J. C.

1847 Verbenaceae (DC. Prodromus, xi, p. 522 sqq. Paris, 1847).
Schimper, A. F. W.

1898 Pflanzengeographie auf Physiologische Grundlage. Jena, 1898.
Schlechtendal, D.

1856 Plantae Lechlerianse (Linnaea, 1856).
Schultz-Bip., C. H.

1855 Ue. die von W. Lechler an der Magellanstr. gesamm. Cassiniaceae (Flora, 1855).

934 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Schumann, E.

Gesammtbeschreibung der Cacteen.
Small, J. Kunkel.

1903 Flora of Southeastern United States. New York, 1903.
1895 Monograph of Polygonum of N. Amer. New York, 1895.

Smith, J. E.

1789-1791 Plantarum Icones. London, 1789-1791.
Spegazzini, C.

1880 Plantae Argentinse (Anal, de la Soc. Cient. Arg. Buenos Aires, 1880).

1887 Fungi Patagonici (Boletin Acad. Nac. Cordoba, 1887).
Fungi Fuegiani ; F. Argentini, etc.

1895 Contribucion al Flora de la Ventana. La Plata, 1895.

1896 Plantse per Fuegiam collects (Anal, de Mus. de Buenos Aires, 18, 1896).

1896 Plantae Patagonicae Australis (Revista de la Faculdad de Agronomia. La Plata, 1 896).

1897 Primitise Florae Chubutensis (Revista de la Faculdad de Agronomia. La Plata, 1897).
1898-1900 Plantae Novae Nonnullae (Communicac. Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires, 1898-1900).
1901 Nova Addenda ad Floram Patagonicam (An. Soc. Cient. Arg., 1901).

1901 Stipeae Platenses, 1901.
Sprengel, C.

1818 Species Umbelliferarum. Halae, 1818.
Stapf, 0.

1897 Pampas-grass (Cortaderia) (in Gardener's Chronicle, 1897, ii, pp. 356, 378, 396).
Stephani, F., and Dusen, P.

1901 Lebermoose d. Magellansl. Stockholm, 1901.
Steudel, E. G.

1855 Synopsis plant. Glumacearum, i, ii. Stuttgardt, 1855.
Stuckert, T.

1904 De las Graminaceas Argentinas (Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1904).
Thompson, C. H.

1897 N. Am. Lemnaceae (Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard., 9, 1897).
Torrey and Gray.

1838 Flora of N. Am. New York, 1838.
Trinius, C. B.

1820 Fund. Agrostogr. Vienna, 1820.
'28-'36 Species Graminum, i-iii. Petrop., 1828-36.
Urville, J. Dumont d'.

1826 Flore des Malouines (Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, iv, 1826, p. 573).

'37-'40 Voyage au Pole sud sur 1' Astrolabe et la Zelee, 1837-40. Paris, 1841-54. 29 vols.
Vatke, W.

1874 Bemerkungen ii. einige Plantago-arten (Verb. Verein Brandenburg, xvi, 1874, pp.

46-53)-
Walpers, G. H. R.

*42-'68 Repertorium Botanices Systematical, i-iv. Lipsiae, 1842-68.

*48-'65 Annales Botanices Systematical, i-vi. Lipsiae, 1848-65.
Watson, S.

'76-'8o Botany of California, i, ii. Cambridge, Mass., 1876-80.

MACLOSKIE: BIBLIOGRAPHY. 935

Weddel, H. A.
'55-'57 Chloris Andina, i, ii. Paris, 1855-57.

1864 Plantes Inedites des Andes (Ann. des Sci. Nat. Bot, 1864, pp. 283-296).
Willdenow, C. L.

1797-1830 Linnaei Species Plantarum, i-vi. 1797-1830.
Zuccarini, J. G.

1825 Monographic der Amer. Oxalis arten. Muenchen, 1825.

PART VIII.

TOPOGRAPHY.

For botanical purposes we divide the Patagonian region into several
districts. The great eastern plain has the Province of Rio Negro in the
north, so named from its chief river. Its northern boundry is Rio Colo-
rado. At the mouth of Rio Negro is the town Carmen de Patagones ;
half way up its main course is Choele-choel ; and as far again is Roca
fortress, where the main river is formed by a northern and a southern
branch, the Neuquen and the Limay. Mid-Patagonia is called Chubut,
from its long and very circuitous river. Rawson is a settlement near the
mouth of this river, and Trelew is farther up. Puerto Madryn is a small
seaport further north of Rawson, and Puerto Deseado (Port Desire), at
mouth of Rio Deseado, is southward of the great Gulf of San Jorge, near
the 48th parallel. South Patagonia is called the Province of Santa Cruz,
from its chief river. Farther south it contains the Rio Gallegos, with
Puerto Gallegos. Along the Magellan Strait, and extending up to near
the Rio Gallegos is the region of Magellan's-land, or Magellanica. And
south of the Magellan Strait is what we have termed Fuegia, the great
Archipelago of the South. On the Strait of Magellan are the two towns,
Punta Arenas, in its eastern part, and Puerto Angosto, where it is nar-
rowest, towards its western exit. West of the Great Cordilleras, and
along the entire Strait of Magellan the political status is Chilian ; and on
the long Concepcion Channel which separates Wellington Island from the
mainland, Port Eden is situated about 49° S. Lat. Most of the Cordil-
lera, with its great lakes, and the eastern plains and plateau at the foot
of the mountains, also part of Fuegia, including Ushuaia and Lapataia on
the Beagle Channel, belong to Argentina.

The following list gives the situation of most of the locations men-
tioned in the preceding pages.

937

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

GLOSSARY OF LOCALITIES. (Map, PL II, III.)

Adelaide Archipelago, on Pacific Coast, Lat. 52° S.

Admiralty Sound, penetrating Fuegia from Useless Bay, Lat. 54° S.

Agaia, in Hoste Id.

Aicina, in Hoste Id., opposite Ushuaia, Lat. 55° S.

Aisen, Rio, W. Patagon., entering the sea at S. Lat. 45° 20'.

Alumine, Rio, in Neuquen R.

Amarillo, Lago, S. of Grand Gente Bay.

Ancud, Gulf, on W. Coast, about Lat. 41° 40' S.

Anegada Point, in Magellan Str., Fuegian side, at first Narrows.

Angosto, Puerto, in W. Magellan Str., Desolation Id.

Arenas, Punta, settlement on W. side of Magellan Str., Lat. 53° 15' S.

Arenas, Punta, on E. side of N. Fuegia, Atlantic Coast, Lat. 53° 20' S.

Argentine, Lago, in S. Patagon., near Cordilleras, Lat. 50° 30' S.

Aysen, Rio, to Pacific, Lat. 45° 20' S.

Azopardo, Rio, in S. Fuegia from Lago Fagnano to Admiralty Sound.

Baguales, district in S. W. Patagonia, by Ultima Esperanza.

Bahia Blanca, in S. Argentina, on Atlantic Coast, Lat. 38° 45' S.

Banner Cave, Picton Id., E. of Fuegia.

Barancas de Carmen Silva, E. Fuegian Coast.

Barancas de San Gregorio, Hills to N. of Magellan Str. entrance.

Barbara Sound, from W. end of Froward Reach, southwards.

Basket Id., Pacific Coast, S. W. of Fuegia.

Beagle Channel, from Atlantic to Pacific, Lat. 55° S.

Beauclerk Id., S. of Magellan Str., and E. of Desolation Id.

Blanco, Lago, S. Patagon., Long. 71° 15' W.

Blest, Puerto, W. shore of Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Blossom Bay, N. point of Staaten Id.

Bolsom Rocks, Chubut, Boron-aik, by Rio Scheuen.

Boucault Bay, in Magellan Str.

Brecknock Mts. and Pass, W. of Punta Arenas, neck of Brunswick Penins.

Brecknock Point and Penins., on Pacific, W. extremity of Fuegia, Lat. 54° 40' S.

Broad Reach, southward stretch of Magellan Str., at Long. 71° W.

Brunswick Penins., W. of Broad Reach, Lat. 53° 30' S.

Bueno, Puerto, on Sarmiento Channel, Lat. 5 1 ° S.

Buenos Aires, Lago, E. of Cordilleras, Lat. 47° S.

Burnt Id., on Orange Bay, S. of Isle Hoste; another E. of Basket Id.

Camden Id., on Pacific Coast, Lat. 54° 45' S.

Candaluria, Rio, in E. Fuegia, probably entering Rio Grande.

Carmen de Patagones, near mouth of Rio Negro, Lat. 41° S.

Carmen Sylva, Rio, entering Atlantic at Cape Sunday, 53° 40' S.

Carmen Sylva, Sierra, crossing Fuegia from Useless Bay to Cape San Sebastian.

Carren-Leofu, Rio, in Chubut.

Carr-aiken = Karr-aiken, on Lake Argentine.

Chacabuco, on Nahuel-huapi, Lat. 41° 30' S.

MACLOSKIE : TOPOGRAPHY. 939

Chalia, Rio (Rio Scheuen) to Rio Chico, Lat. 49° 20' S.

Chico, Rio, in S. Patagon., branch of Sta. Cruz. Another from E. Magellan to Puerto Gallegos.
Chiloe Id., Pacific Coast, Lat. 43° S.
Choele-choel, on Rio Negro, Lat. 39° 20' S.
Choique-Lauen, near Lago Musters, Chubut.
Chonkenk-Aike, by Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz.
Chonos Archip., Pacific Coast, Lat. 45° S.
Chubut, Rio and Prov., Mid. -Patagon., Lat. 44° S.
Churucca, on Sea Reach, in Desolation Id.
Clarence Id., Magellan Str., S. of Froward Reach.

Cockburn Channel, from Magellan Str., by Magdalena Channel, southwards at Long. 7 1 ° W.
Colhue, Lago, in Chubut, Lat. 45° 30' S.
Colu-huapi, Lago, at Trelew, Chubut.
Concepcion Canal, on Pacific, Lat. 51° S.
Condor, Rio, on W. coast of Tierra del Fuego.
Confluencia, junction of Limay and Neuquen in N. Patagon.
Cook, Port, Staaten Id., N. side.

Corcovado Golfo, Pacific Coast, within Chiloe, Lat. 43° S.
Cordova Penins., N. of Long Reach on Magellan Str.
Crossley Bay, N. W. of Staaten Id., Lat. 54° 40' S.

Darwin Canal and Sound, W. continuation of Beagle Channel, Lat. 55° S.
Darwin Mts., in W. Fuegia, N. of Darwin Canal.
Dawson Id., eastward of Froward Reach, Lat. 54° S.
Delgada, Punta, on Valdez Penins., Lat. 42° 40' S.
Deseado, Rio and Puerto (Port Desire), on Atlantic, Lat. 47° 45' S.
Desolation Id., the most western isle south on Magellan Strait.
Divide Point, eastern extremity of Gordon Id.
Dungeness Point, N. at eastern entrance to Magellan Strait.
Eden, Port, in Concepcion Channel, W. Patagon., about 49° S. Lat.
Elizabeth Port, in Magellan Str., N. of Punta Arenas.
Esperanza Ultima Inlet, S. Patagon, Cordilleras, Lat. 51° 20' S.
Fagnano, Lago, extending E. by S. from line of Admiralty Sound.
Falkland Isles, in Atlantic, 540 kms. E. of entrance to Magellan Str.
Famine Bay, Fuegia, on Broad Stretch, Lat. 53° 30' S.
Famine, Port, Brunswick Penins., Lat. 53° 30' S.
Fontana, Lago, near Cordilleras, Lat. 45° S.
Franklin Bay, W. side of Staaten Id.
Froward, Cabo, S. E. point of Brunswick Penins.

Froward Reach, in Mid-Magellan Str., S. of Brunswick Penins., Lat. 54° S.
Fuegia (Tierra del Fuego), island to east and south of Magellan Str., Lat. 54° S., also collec-
tively for all the islands to Cape Horn.

Gable Id., off Ushuaia, in Beagle Channel.

Gallant, Port, Brunswick Penins., at W. extremity of Froward Reach.

Gallegos, Rio, in S. Patagon., Lat. 51° 45' S.

Good Success Bay, E. coast of Fuegia, S. of Str. of Lemaire.

Gordon Id., in W. part of Beagle Channel, Lat. 55° S.

94° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

Grafton Isles, S. of Sta. Ines Id.

Grand Gente Bay, Fuegia, on Broad Reach, at Lat. 52° 45' S.

Grand Glacier, N. of Beagle Channel, above Lapataia.

Grande, Rio, E. Fuegia, entering the Atlantic at 53° 50' S. Lat.

Gregory Bay, in Magellan Str., N. side of entrance.

Guaitecas Isles, on W. coast, Lat. 43° 50' S.

Haichol, Sierra de, Neuquen.

Hall, Cape, in eastern Fuegia.

Hanover Isle, on Pacific Coast, Lat. 5 1 ° S.

Hermite Isle. N. W. of Horn Isle, Lat. 55° 50' S.

Hombre, Puerto del.

Hope Harbor, E. coast of Clarence Isle.

Hoppner, Port, on N. coast of Staaten Id.

Horn, Cape and Isle, Lat. 56° S.

Hoste, Isle, N. W. of Horn Id., Lat. 55° 20' S.

landigaia, channel limiting Argentine and Chilian parts of Fuegia.

Jacques Id., S. of Magellan Str., at 73° 30' W. Long.

Jorge, Golfo de San (St. George's Bay), Atlantic Coast, Chubut, Lat. 46°.

Jose, Peninsula de San (Valdez Penins.), Atlantic Coast, Lat. 42° 40' S.

Julian, Puerto de San, Atlantic Coast, Lat. 49° 30' S.

Karr-aiken, on Lago Argentina, Lat. 50° 30' S.

Killik-aike, on Rio Gallegos, near its mouth.

King-William Land, between Skyring Water and Smith Sound, Lat. 53°.

Kuan-aik, near Lago Argentine.

Lajara, Lago, near Cordilleras, N. Patagon., Lat. 40° 25' S.

Lapataia, N. shore of Beagle Channel, W. of Ushuaia.

Lemaire Strait, at Staaten Id., Lat. 54° 45' S.

Leone, Rio, L. Viedma to Argentine, Lat. 50° S.

Limay, Rio, N. Patagon., tributary of Rio Negro, Lat. 40° S.

Leones 1., on Atlantic coast, near 45° S., also at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz.

Lomas Bay, Fuegia, at eastern entrance of Magellan Str., 52° 40' S.

Lomas Bay, second, on W. side of Dawson Id., 53° 45' S.

Londonderry Isle, Pacific coast, W. of Gordon Id., Lat. 55° S.

Long Reach, mid-part of Magellan Str., W. Long. 72° 30' to 73° 30' S.

Low, Puerto, in Guaiteca Isla.

Madre de Dios Archip., on Pacific, Lat. 50° 30' S.

Madryn, Puerto, on Atlantic, Chubut, Lat. 43° S.

Magdalena Id., just southeast of Elizabeth Id., in mid-channel of Magellan Str.

Magdalene Sound, from Froward Reach southward, 71° W. Long.

Magellan Str., from Atlantic to Pacific, Lat. 52° 20' S.

Maipu, near Cordilleras, Lat. 40° 25' S.

Malouine Ids., Falkland Ids. In Atlantic, 540 kms. from Magellan Str.

Manso, Rio, flowering into Reloncavi Inlet.

Martial Mts., N. of Ushuaia.

Martin, Rio San, in N. Fuegia, entering Bahia San Sebastian, 53° 20' S.

Melville Id. small, W. of Clarence Id., Lat. 54° 30' S.

MACLOSKIE: TOPOGRAPHY. 941

Messier Canal, on Pacific, 48° S. Lat.

Molyneux Sound, in W. Patagon., about 50° 16' S.

Musters, Lago, Chubut, Lat. 45° 30' S.

Nahuel-huapi, Lago, in Cordilleras, Lat. 41° S.

Navarin Id., S. of E. end of Beagle Channel, Lat. 55° S.

Negri Fiord (Sarmiento Fiord), in angle of Magdalene Sound.

Negro, Rio, N. Patagon., Lat. 40° S.

Neuquen, Rio, tributary of Rio Negro, Lat. 39° S.

Newton Id., in Queen Adelaide Archip.

Nuevo, Puerto, on Lago Nahuel-huapi.

Oazy Harbor, Magellan Str., beyond second Narrows, N. side.

Ofqui-ness, W. coast, about Lat. 46° 45' S.

Olivaia, Mt, N. of Beagle Channel, E. of Ushuaia.

Onniuaia, on Fuegian coast, at foot of Mt. Darwin.

Orange Bay, east of Hoste Id., Lat. 55° 40' S.

Orr-aike, on L. Viedma.

Otway Bay, on Pacific, S. of Desolation Id., Lat. 53° 20' S.

Otway Water, from N. side of mid-Magellan Str., Lat. 53° S.

Oveja, Sierra, on Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz.

Packewaia, in Gable Id., Beagle Channel, 67° 25' W.

Packsaddle Id., N. E. of Hoste Id., Lat. 55° S.

Pactolus Bay, N. coast of Staaten Id.

Palena, Rio, to Pacific, Lat. 43° 50' S.

Pan de Azucar, on Rio Chico.

Paramo, El, N. of San Sebastian Bay, at Lat. 53° S., on Atlantic coast.

Parr-aik, by Rio Chico.

Pavon Id., S. Patagon., at mouth of Sta. Cruz River.

Pavonia, across the Str. from Punta Arenas.

Penos Gulf, Pacific coast, Lat. 47° S.

Philip Bay, Fuegia, second within Magellan Str.

Picton Id., coast of Fuegia, at entrance to Beagle Channel.

Pillar, Cape, N. W. extremity of Desolation Id., on Pacific.

Poli Carpo Cove, eastern Fuegia.

Ponsonby Land, between Otway Water and Skyring, Lat. 52° 40' S.

Ponsonby Sound, from Beagle Channel, W. of Navarin Id., Lat. 55° S.

Porvenir Bay, E. side of Broad Reach, about Lat. 53° 25' S.

Possession Bay, near entrance to Magellan Str., N. side.

Punta Arenas, promontory on Atlantic coast of Fuegia, Lat. 53° 10' S.

Punta Arenas, settlement in Broad Reach, Magellan Str., Lat. 53° 15' S.

Pyramids Mts., N. of Beagle Channel, W. of Lapataia.

Rawson, Port, Atlantic coast, at mouth of Rio Chubut, Lat. 43° 20' S.

Reloncavi Inlet, on W. coast, about Lat. 41° 30' S.

Rinihue, Rio and Mt., in Valdivia.

Roca, Puerto, Staaten Id. *

Roca, Station and Fort, at confluence of Limay and Neuquen in N. Patagon.

St. Catherine Point (Punta Catalina), Fuegia, at E. entrance to Magellan Str.

942 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Sta. Ines Id., S. of mid-Magellan Str.

St. John Port (Puerto San Juan), Staaten Id., Lat. 54° 45' S.

St. Vincent, Cape, E. point, second narrows of Magellan Str.

San Antonio Cape, on W. of Dawson Id., also on N. of Staaten Id.

San Carlos, S. E. point of Lago Nahuel-huapi.

San Diego Cape, E. point of Fuegia, Lat. 54° 40' S.

Sanguil, Sierra de, Neuquen Territory.

San Jorge, Golfo (St. George's Bay), Atlantic coast, Lat. 46° S.

San Jose Penins. (Valdez), Lat. 43° S.

San Julien, Puerto, Atlantic coast, Lat. 49° 30' S.

San Martin, Rio, to Bahia San Sebastian, Lat. 53° 20' S.

San Matias, Golfo, Atlantic coast, Lat. 41° 30' S.

San Sebastian, Fuegia, E. coast, Bay and Cape, Lat. 53° 20' S.

Santa Cruz, Rio, Lago Argentine to Atlantic, Lat. 50° 20' S.

Sarmiento, Channel, Pacific coast, Lat. 51° 30' S.

Sarmiento Fjord (Negri Fjord), at Magdalena Channel.

Sarmiento Mts., Fuegia, S. of Dawson Id., Lat. 54° 30' S.

Scheuen, Rio (Rio Chalia), S. Patagon., to Rio Chico, Lat. 49° 20' S.

Sea Reach, western section of Magellan Str., N. of Desolation Id.

Senger, Rio, to Rio Chubut, Lat. 44° S.

Sheep Id., S. of Orange Harbor, Lat. 55° 30' S.

Sierra de Carmen Sylva, across E. part of Fuegia from Useless Bay to Cape San Sebastian.

Skyring Water, connecting with Otway, Lat. 52° 40' S.

Slogget Harbor, Fuegia.

Smith Channel, leading N. from W. Magellan Str., Lat. 52° 30' S.

Spaniard Harbor, Fuegia.

Springhill, in N. Fuegia, midway between Lomas Bay and Philip Bay, at 52° 40' S. Lat.

Staaten Id., E. of Fuegia, Lat. 54° 45' S.

Stanley, = Carmen de Patagones, at mouth of Rio Negro.

Stewart Id., on Pacific, at W. entrance of Darwin Canal, Lat. 54° 30' S.

Three Brothers (Tres Hermanos), Mts., N. E. coast of Fuegia, near Cape San Diego.

Traful, Lago ; Todos los Santos, Lago, in N. Patagon. Cordilleras.

Trelew, in Chubut.

Tres Montes, Cape and Penins., on Pacific, Lat. 47° S.

Tres Puntas, Cabo, on Atlantic coast, Lat. 47° 15' S.

Trollope, Valle, Neuquen.

Uallamatu, Fuegia, E. of Ushuaia.

Useless Bay, from Magellan Str. to E., at Lat. 53° 30' S.

Ushuaia, settlement of English Mission, on N. shore of Beagle Channel, 68° 20' W. Long.

Valdez Penins. (San Jose), on Atlantic coast, Lat. 42° 40' S.

Valdivia, City and Province on the Pacific, about Lat. 40° S.

Valentine Cape, N. point of Dawson Id., Lat. 53° 30' S.

Vancouver Port, on S. coast of Staaten Id.

Ventana, Sierfa, in S. Argentina, N. of Bahia Blanca, Lat. 38° S.

Verde, Lago, South of Lago Amarillo, N. of Porvenir in N. Fuegia.

Viedma, near mouth of Rio Negro, Lat. 41° S.

MACLOSKIE I TOPOGRAPHY. 943

Villarino, in Golfo di San Matias, Lat. 40° 45' S.

Villarino, Bay in W. Fuegia, between Brecknock Penins. and Darwin Canal.

Virgenes, Cabo, S. E. point of continent, Lat. 52° 15' S.

Voces Bay (Port Famine), on Magellan Str., S. of Punta Arenas.

Wellington Id., on Pacific, Lat. 49° 30' S.

Wollaston Id., N. of Horn Id., Lat. 55° 45' S.

Worsley Sound, connecting with Smith Channel and Pacific, Lat. 52° S.

PART IX.

CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE
PATAGONIAN FLORA. '

We include the mainland, and also the adjoining islands of Peraustral
America, as all constituting one botanical region. This is the meaning
of the term "Patagonian" which DeCandolle adopts in his Prodromus,
where he explains Patagonian Plants, "nempe in Patagonia, insulis maclo-
vianis, et terris magellanicis crescentes." It is incorrect to speak of this
as an antarctic region ; it is cold-temperate, Cape Horn being in the
same southern latitude as Edinburgh is northern ; and the mouth of the
Strait of Magellan corresponding to central England ; the Rio Sta. Cruz
to Land's End ; and the Rio Negro of Northern Patagonia agrees in lati-
tude with Madrid in Spain. Whilst southern latitudes have a more
rigorous climate than corresponding northern, we think that the case has
been greatly exaggerated by representing the Patagonian region as in any
way a counterpart of an Arctic climate. Botanically considered, the
Arctic regions can scarcely be said to possess an indigenous flora ; they
have struggling stragglers from lower latitudes. But in some parts of
the Patagonian area the indigenous flora is surprisingly rich.

We must be satisfied by referring to Dusen's observations on the west-
Patagonian flora as given in this volume; and to his papers on the
vegetation of western Fuegia and of the Magellan's-lands named in the
Bibliography at p. 928. Alboff is enthusiastic in describing the splendid
forests of Fuegia, especially of the southern and western parts of the
archipelago. The scenery is shown by him to be all the more impressive
because it is unexpected. After coasting along the eastern seaboard of
the Patagonian mainland, with its gloomy, treeless barren surface of sand
and shingle, which extends for about a thousand kilometers along the
coast, and penetrating the equally uninviting parts of eastern Magellania
the scene changes all at once. The northern and eastern parts of Tierra

945

946 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

del Fuego present the same dreary aspect as before, with occasional hills.
But on passing Punta Arenas, and entering the Magdalena Channel,
which is the usual route for reaching the southern part of the Archipelago,
one finds the picture change as if by magic. On all sides of the narrow
winding channels, are lofty mountains, clothed from base to summit with
fresh and gay forest verdure ; and behind are peaks covered with per-
petual snow, whilst glaciers and cascades abound. The forests are im-
penetrable, beech-trees overgrown by lichens, mosses, small filmy ferns,
all delighting in the moisture; and many herbs with showy flowers,
orchids, compositae, violets, blackberries, growing amid the forests. The
forests themselves continue far up the hills, the trees becoming smaller as
one ascends, and also becoming more intricately woven together ; not
ceasing usually until they reach an altitude of some 500 meters. The
dwarf forms of the southern beech, Nothofagus antarctica (which is not
antarctic], here forms a barrier which cannot be passed save by hewing
the way with an axe. No such forest-life is known elsewhere, even in
cold-temperate regions. Alboff, calling southwestern Fuegia hyetoph-
ilous, because of its great moisture, and in contrast with the xerophi-
lous climate of the steppe lands of east Patagonia, would call the south-
eastern part of Fuegia, and of the adjacent Staaten Islands, mesohyetic,
or with mean-moisture. At Orange Bay, near Cape Horn, the rainfall is
about twice as great as the mean, being 150 cm. (60 in.) per annum.
The southern part of the Archipelago, especially along the Beagle Chan-
nel, with the islands of Navarin, Sta. Ines, Hoste, and Cape Horn present
very peculiar structural and botanical features. Most significant are the
numerous cases of identity, or close affinity with plants in Kerguelen
Id., Southern Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the southern spo-
radic islands. For example the most beautiful shrub in existence is the
Veronica elliptica, of Fuegia and New Zealand, an extraordinary case of
discontinuity. (See p. 722.)

The name Tierra del Fuego, the land of fire, was given by Magellan
because of the numerous fires kept burning by the natives, as incidental
to open-air life in such latitudes. The name Cape Horn commemorates
the Dutch Seaman who wore his ship round the south and proved that
the land did not extend to the south pole. Its other name Cape Stiff, is
more descriptive, for its fierce eastward winds and its high "gray beards"
or waves, compel seamen to avoid it in their westward passage ; thus

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA. 947

they mostly prefer the Magellan channel, with all its windings, its fogs
and its rocks. To go eastwards by Cape Horn, even onwards to Aus-
tralia, is only to "run the easting down" where the chief risk is that the
waves may rush the ship too fast for safety.

Proceeding northward from Cape Horn, along the eastern coast of
Fuegia, one comes to two groups of islands, Staaten Island, separated
from the main land by the Strait of Lemaire, 25 kilometers wide, and
richly wooded ; the other islands are the Falklands (known to the French
as the Malouines), directly east of the entrance to Magellan Strait, at a
distance of 500 kilometers. These islands have rocky heights, extensive
moorlands, and peat bogs, large freshwater pools and rivulets, and the
extraordinary phenomenon of "streams of stones" slowly .descending
from the hills, like petrified glaciers from their elevated breedingrplace.
The absence of trees from' the Falklands and the presence of some pecu-
liar plants, most famous being the "tussock-grass" (Poa flabellata), and
the "wiry-grass" (Deschampsiaantarctica z&&flexuosa} are characteristic;
also the Nassauma serpens, which sends leagues of its root down among
the rocks. The islands are also the home of forms which prove that they
have been the landing place, or the point of departure, for plants which
are common to peraustral America and the Australasian lands.

Niederlein refers to the arid and stern, often very bleak aspect of the
vegetation of the eastern Patagonian plains ; for thousands of square leagues
there being nothing but dry grass, and loose sand mingled with salt ; and
the fierce storms come from the southern icy sea across the steppes. Rain
seldom falls, and the water is received into salty morasses. No brook
enters the few rivers which cross from the mountains in deep channels.
The vegetation consists of few stiff grasses, woody, and mostly glutinous
or thorny hairy bushes, and shrubs of 1-3 meters height, bare, stump-like,
apparently dead after losing their few leaves. Even during the growing
period the older branches are often leafless, and apparently lifeless. The
leaves may be small and caducous, or fleshy, or leathery, hard, or prickly,
or transformed into spines, and sometimes stripped off. Only a few of
the flowers are remarkable for beauty, or fragrance or size.

On account of these vegetal affinities of distant lands, all the southern
hemisphere has been included by some authors in a single "Antarctic"
botanical region. Karl Reiche makes this one of the fifteen great floral
regions of the world, being characterized by forests of evergreen beeches,

948 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Myrtaceae, and certain Coniferae ; and he would include in it with per-
austral America, southern parts of Australia, also Tasmania, New Zealand,
and the sporadic islands of the southern ocean (none of those with living
vegetation being within the antarctic circle).

The Patagonian part of. this larger complex, has been compared to an
ovate leaf, its base about Sierra Ventana, in Southern Argentina, 38° S.
Lat., and extending across to Valdivia on the Chilian coast about 39°.
The distance from this base to Cape Horn is nearly 1,000 miles (1,600 kil-
ometers). The leaf-pattern is unequal, having a broad eastern half, nearly
entire at its margin, and a narrow western half, jagged and torn up into
bits ; and the midrib, represented by the Cordillera, is itself double or
triple in its northward division, and is frequently cut across by rents, which
continue outwards to the margin^ as long, very meandering rivers. The
southern part, or leaf-point, is prolonged, and bent towards the east, and
greatly frayed and divided, longitudinally and transversely, as if breaking
to fragments. To drop the comparison with a leaf, we may merely indi-
cate the geological bearings of its structure, as being what remains of a
larger mainland which has been partly submerged, like what Scotland and
Scandinavia should be if certain changes which have befallen them had
been more intense. Viewed in this way, the islands and submarine banks
that remain southwards, as the South Shetland Isles, may be regarded as
the surviving rudiments of a drowned continent. These facts cannot here
be dwelt on, but must be kept in memory when considering questions of
distribution. In Vol. IV of this series of Reports Professor Ortman dis-
cusses the theory of Antarctica, or of former land-connections in tertiary
times, across the South-polar regions between Fuegia and Tasmania, pos-
sibly extending to South Australia, and approaching, though perhaps not
actually reaching New Zealand. Our knowledge of the southward islands
has been recently enlarged by the antarctic exploring expeditions. The
most interesting discovery has been of fossil pteridophytes and conifers of
palaeozoic age in the South Shetlands.

The correlative exposures of the land east and west of the Andean
range, which is determining the political relations, as between Argentina
and Chili, seem largely to have determined the botany, and first of all
the climatic differences. And as the good climate, excessively moist, and
very rich for its vegetation, lies away from the foci of modern civilization,
and the eastern plains, very dry, and rocky, and treeless, are uninvit-

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA. 949

ing, the country is still unimproved as compared with other sections of
Neogsea. If the mountain range and the moisture had been on the
eastern side perhaps the present conditions should have been better. And
men may nevertheless discover, as they are already realizing, that round
by the western shore good lands remain, inviting colonization and agri-
cultural development.

It must be conceded that in its present condition the vast eastern plain
is not attractive. The special adaptations to a xerophil life are no.t things
of beauty. Dense, woolly hair, secretions of resin and wax, reduction in
size of leaves, involution of leaf-margins, closely apposed leaf-surfaces,
pulvinate habit, the ramifications being very intricate and packed together
into moss-like masses which you can hardly cut with a knife ; thick epi-
dermis, often backed beneath by thick hypodermis, and often strengthened
by scleroderm as buttresses ; deeply immersed stomata ; in grasses con-
volute leaves and development' of nodal cushions, and the brownish or
lurid shading of leaves and flowers characterize that vegetation. The
steppes are a low plateau, devoid of trees, but with herbs, shrubs and
thorny bushes, the herbs being largely gramineous, and synantherous (of
Calyceraceae and Composite) . In winter the bare interspaces between
the shrubs become filled, after rain, by Alfilerillo (Erodium.) which is
valuable for sheep, and may yet become a leading factor for civilization.
In the alluvial ground, and low parts, wheat and grape vines, and apple
trees, when introduced flourish very well. The marine algae, and the
fisheries, give promise of future productiveness.

Some of the rivers which flow into the Pacific Ocean have their sources
in the tertiary plateau which extends east of the main Cordilleras, and
penetrate the mountain axis, cutting their way westward, a feature which
is very frequent along the whole Andean Chain. In Patagonia a long
line of cliffs borders the Atlantic coast, being interrupted at intervals,
where broad valleys open into the sea, and carry rivers from more ele-
vated parts and the mountain lakes. This general plain rises towards the
Cordilleras, with depressions which contain the straggling streams and
the salinas, or saltish lakes ; whilst occasionally, especially in the southern
parts, immense sheets of basaltic lava cover the surface. "The aspect
rapidly changes along the approaches of the Cordillera. It is a broken
region, often mountainous, rich in prairies, rich above all in sheets of
water, the smallest of which equals the area of the great European lakes ;

95° PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

a privileged country, where the climate is free from extremes, where the
moisture is sufficient, where forests, easily penetrated, adorn the mountain
sides" (Gallois, Les Andes de Patagonie].

The striking phenomenon of the existence of plants of the same or of
closely allied species in unconnected localities, attracted the attention of
the older botanists and became a subject of speculation. The doctrine
of Schouw, reinforced by Louis Agassiz, that these cases were to be
explained by the creation of the original members of a species in dupli-
cate, or in multiple, was promptly opposed by Joseph D. Hooker, whose
researches into the Antarctic flora made it clear that there must be means
of distribution whereby the plants of some of the regions could reach
other regions. He argued (Flora of New Zealand, 1853), that the indi-
viduals of every species have been distributed from one center, and that
species must have originated in particular centers, whence they were
spread, as opportunities occurred ; also that their scattering was by natural
causes, but not necessarily in all cases by the same causes to which they
are now exposed. Asa Gray subsequently endorsed and illustrated these
views (Flora of Japan, 1859, reprinted in Gray's Scientific Papers, II,
126 sqq.) insisting on the local origin of species, and on their migrations
from one place to another, often under the pressure of climatal changes.
The writings of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace, substantially
settled this controversy, by showing that in order to explain the present
distribution we must consider the opportunities or difficulties of access of
plants from other regions. Thus Darwin, and afterwards Ball, observed
that the absence of trees in the Patagonian plains was due to the land
having been recently submerged, and that there was no neighbouring
country from which after emergence it could be stocked with suitable trees.

These considerations taken along with the xerophytic climate of the
eastern plains led us to expect a very poor flora. But on including the
western slope, and the islands on the west and south, the number of species
of flowering plants in the Patagonian-Fuegian Region turns out to be
about 2,100, with about 350 good varieties in addition. This is the same
total as that made out for Victoria in Baron Mueller's analytic summary,
and we regard it as a favorable showing for Patagonia. The number of
genera is 522, belonging to 113 families. Of these the Gymnosperms
have 12 species in 7 genera. The Monocotyledones have 481 species and
85 varieties; 106 genera, and 17 families. Gramineae alone number so

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA. 951

many as 276 species and 50 varieties. The Dicotyledones have about
i, 600 species, and 240 varieties, in 410 genera, and 92 families.

An examination of the affinities of species and of their geographical dis-
tribution leads to the conclusion that the Patagonian lands constitute a
true botanical region, well characterized yet not sharply limited by nat-
ural boundaries. Thus we find the native species settling into diverse
groups, each presenting its own distributional problem, and bearing testi-
mony which has not yet been fully interpreted.

1. We have a large number, about 120 species, of plants which are
somewhat isolated, and characteristic of the region. A number of these
have become famous, and many more are deserving of attention. Some
of the remarkable genera are almost confined to the region, and of the
other genera several species are confined to it.

2. On the other hand we note about 150 genera of plants character-
istic of Temperate and Warm-temperate climates elsewhere, and most of
them widespread, yet not known in Patagonia. Some of these are here
represented by allied, often peculiar, forms. These facts taken together
favor a theory of long-continued geographical demarcation, or partial
isolation, between this and other lands of similar latitudes.

3. We also observe a large number of examples of the discontinuous
distribution of identical or closely allied species ; several of them remark-
able ; but most surprising is their large number. By the help of Engler
and Prantl's Pflanzenfamilien we have noted as many as 106 instances
of these (including a few cases of plants recently introduced). A well-
known case of this discontinuity is allied species of Araucaria found here
and on Norfolk Id. : others are the beautiful Veronica elliptica in Fuegia,
West Falkland and New Zealand ; allied species of Gaimardia, Rost-
kovia, Lauretta, the Uncinia sinclairii, Ourisia species, Gunnera, and
Carex darwiniivzx. urolepis (see page 961), unite Patagonia with New
Zealand ; whilst some others inhabit Tasmania, and some (as species of
Pernettya] are also in South Australia. Again some peculiar sections of
large genera, as of Myosotis and of Plantago, and Fagus, link together
the widely separated southern lands. Kcznigia (Macounastrunt) has one
species found both in Arctic islands, and in Himalaya, and another species
in Fuegia. Bryodes has a species in Mauritius, and another in Magellan.
Eriogonum, so characteristic of the Western United States, is represented
by a species in Patagonia, and the common European Geum urbanum

952 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

seems to be at home in South Patagonia and Fuegia. The European Ulex
(furze] has been introduced, but it has a native congener in U. nanus.
Abrotanella unites, by closely allied species, New Zealand, Auckland and
Campbell's islands, South Australia and Magellan-Fuegia ; and Arte-
misia, a northern genus, has an outlying species in Chili-Fuegia. Several
northern forms are represented in the Patagonian region, yet remarkable
for their absence from Australasia.

4. Instances of northward, or meridional, continuity are most numerous
and dominant ; not largely with Argentina, but chiefly with the Andine
region. Owing to the trend of the country and to the rivers flowing east-
wards to the Atlantic, there is a continual system of clearing out and re-
plenishing of plants. Floods exterminate the plants along the streams,
carrying them to the ocean ; and the vacated localities are soon populated
by new immigrants from the mountains. This system renders Patagonia
in large measure a botanical dependency on Chili ; and also a landing
place for immigrants from the far north, even from Mexico, California,
Alaska, and by the Bering route from Asia; apparently receiving from,
rather than contributing towards, the northern Floras. We find in our
list about 140 genera of flowering plants which have thus immigrated
southwards. It is about Magellan and Fuegia that there is least of this
change seen ; hence with these parts there is most permanency and most
characteristic peculiarity of forms.

5. The eastward or latitudinal continuity is very limited, by reason of
the broad ocean ; and yet it is not inconsiderable. Patagonia, the Falk-
land Ids., Kerguelen, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the smaller
sporadic islands of the south, are correlated both botanically and zoo-
logically. It is a difficult question to find the conditions, and the lines
of movement of the colonization of each ; but that there has been an in-
terchange by land or winds or sea cannot be questioned. We find about
fifty genera represented in this transverse colonization. In some cases
the movement has been probably circuitous ; from an Asiatic center forms
migrated in opposite directions, some northward, and by trans-arctic land
or ice bridges to America, whence by the meridian route of the Western
Hemisphere they reached their goal in Patagonia; whilst others went
from their Asiatic source southwards by an Oriental meridian-line to
Eastern Australia, and so on. But a number of the forms that are com-
mon to Chili-Patagonia on one side, and to Australia-New Zealand on

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF PATAGONIAN FLORA. 953

the other side, are not of the Asiatic or Northern fades ; and seem to be
essentially and primitively Austral ; such are some of the Coniferce, the
Chilian- Australian beeches (Nothofagus], peculiar Liliacece, Centrolepidacece,
Proteacece (of this family, however, the Patagonian forms make a special
section, reminding one of the case of the Marsupials) ; Calandrinia, Colo-
bantlms, Weinmannia (its woolly seeds are supposed to indicate aeronautic
propensities), Discaria, Plagianthus, Drapetes, Nertera, Plantaginella, Vit-
tadmia, Chiliotriclmim, and species of the Mutisiece.

One difficulty as to these is to explain how they could reach Patagonia
from Australasian sources; the winds and waves could "run the easting
down " as seamen say, so as to carry Patagonian forms eastwards; " sed
revocare gradum " is still an open problem. Whether the fragments of a
lost continent in the Antarctic banks and islets are to be a leading factor
in explicating this problem we cannot presently say. It is, of course, for
many reasons probable, that the migration of some of the special forms
of plants as well as of the diprotodont marsupial animals must have been
westward toward America from their place of origin somewhere in Aus-
tralasia; the share of New Zealand in helping migration may be con-
siderable and all the more because the scattered Polynesian islands of lower
latitudes seem to have little in common with Patagonian vegetation.
Ever since Commerson's time the Magellan coast and the Falklands have
been recognized as a sort of dumping ground for odds and ends of vege-
tation from all parts, much of it imported in straw and barrels from north-
ern sources. Yet even prior to the advent of man it seems to have been
subject to much accession of an extraordinary kind from other quarters ;
and the facts are there still ready to tell their history if we can only read
them aright. The most important of these facts seem to belong to the
geological history and palaeontology of the Southern Hemisphere. In
numerous cases, as was shown by J. D. Hooker before the British Asso-
ciation in 1866, the colonization was probably eastwards, from Fuegia to
Kerguelen and directly to Australia. The large majority of Kerguelen
Phanerogams were stated by him to have been immigrants from Southern
America.

A slight acquaintance with the vegetation of the region suffices to show
that it is derived mainly from the Chilian Flora, and in a less degree from
that of Argentina, and that it also has very interesting though vastly
fewer relations with the insular vegetation of the southern hemisphere, as

954 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Kerguelen, Australasia, New Zealand and southern Africa. It is mainly
through the Andine connection that it is remotely but very decidedly
related to the Vegetation of Western North America and of Siberia and
Central Asia.

The transverse course of the Patagonian river-valleys from the Cor-
dilleras to the Atlantic Ocean, taken along with the fact that the xerophil
climate and shingly plains practically confine the vegetation to these river-
valleys, renders the flora of the northern and central parts of the region
almost absolutely dependent on the constant replenishing from the
Andine chain and elevated valleys. When the occupants of the trans-
verse valleys become extinct, either being buried under the mountain
debris in consequence of floods, or being carried out to sea, they are
dependent on the arrival of a new stock of similar or diverse species to
fill the vacancy.

Professor Neger summarizes the relations by stating that the Andine
shingle-flora sends down many species to the Patagonian steppes, and in
the valleys protected from the winds Central Chilian forms determine the
character of the vegetation. Thus the Patagonian flora stands to the
Central Chilian Flora in closer relations than one would expect, consider-
ing the intervening mountain chain. This chain causes great difference
between the Chilian and the Argentine Flora ; and yet Patagonia remains
in close touch with the Chilian.

In illustration of this, Neger estimates that Southern Patagonia has 57
per cent, of its Dicotyledones in common with Chili ; only 28 per cent,
endemic, and even these allied to Chilian forms ; whilst only 15 per cent.
are of North Argentine or Brazilian affinity. He also remarks that the
comparison of genera is more significant, of which 88 per cent, are
Chilian; a few genera endemic, and less than 9 per cent, unknown in
Chili, but found in Argentina or Brazil. We think that these percentages
would still be near the truth although the figures in the present list are
at least twice the number known to Neger.

Neger adds that Geology will aid in explaining why the colonizing was
not chiefly from Argentina, though no high mountain barrier intervenes in
that direction. This depends on the fact that Patagonia was recently
under the sea, and after emerging, its river valleys running from west to
east carried the immigrant plants across from the Chilian Andes. He
notes that the flourishing European apple-trees of Patagonia prove that

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF PATAGONIAN FLORA. 955

many other plants would thrive there, if only they could find an entrance.
This consideration also helps to account for the absence of trees, inasmuch
as after the extinction of large Patagonian glaciers, from none of the
adjoining lands have trees been able to invade the vacant territory. The
chain of the Andes from which alone they could come has few large trees
southwards, and none suitable for the soil and climate of the plains or the
intersecting valleys. That trees have no objection to Western Patagonia,
or to the Magellan and West Fuegian districts is evident from Professor
Dusen's summary. It is within the possibilities that the Patagonian region
may yet be improved by the judicious introduction of trees and shrubs.
In extending our view further northwards we are struck by the fact that
the famous papers by Asa Gray and Joseph D. Hooker on the Origin of
the North American Flora, admit of extension in two directions, both
as to the terminus a quo and to the terminus ad quern. Instead of
starting from the Arctic regions or from Scandinavia our present knowl-
edge of plant-distribution points very strongly and directly to Central
Asia as the home or distributing center of the plants of all the temper-
ate and colder parts of the world. The Arctic regions are rather remark-
able for the absence of endemic species, but have formed a convenient
bridge for the passage to and fro of forms belonging to the less rigorous
parts of both hemispheres. Their Old World connection is shown by the
examination of the Index Kewensis to be chiefly with the northern and
central parts of Asia. The Himalaya region is unique for the diversity of
its climate at its different elevations ; and sends colonies of its plants
westward, by Asia Minor to the Mediterranean region, and as far as the
Canary Ids. ; southwestward to Arabia and Africa ; across the Orient
to Australia ; eastward to China and Japan ; and northwestward to
Europe.1 The course of distribution of animals has been similar ;
the Elephants migrated from the foot of the Himalayas to ^western
Europe as far as Great Britain, and even to the cold parts of northern
Asia, and over into Alaska, whence they spread over parts of America,
reaching as far as Patagonia. The distribution of the Mosquitoes ex-
hibits the same tendency.2 And in a recent paper in Nature upon

1 See A. F. W. Schimper {Pflanzengeographie, 786 sqq.) on the diversity of climate and richness
of vegetation of the Himalayan Region. ^

2 Monograph of Culicidae, F. V. Theobald, British Museum, 1901. Observe especially the
distribution of Culex nigripes, the Scourge of Alaska, from Kashmir.

956 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

the butterflies on the borderland of North and South America, a writer
with the familiar initials E. B. P. supplies us with very pregnant sugges-
tions in the same directions.1 It is there shown that the U-like shape of
the borderland about the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea has had
a special influence on distribution. Not only have many southern forms
come northwards ; but in turn northern forms have migrated southwards ;
oscillations of the backbone of the New World, accompanied by changes
of climate also serve as determinants of the direction and result of the
migrations from colder climates. Gray and Hooker gave special empha-
sis to the return northward of plants that had previously moved south-
ward ; but it would appear that some individuals had in Glacial times
gone so far south as to leave themselves no room for repentance on the
return of warmer times. They went further south, hugging the Andes,
and finally a selection of them reached Patagonia.2

It is to be remembered that in such cases the immigrants frequently
change by way of adaptation to the new homes ; their resemblance to the
old ancestral forms will be generic rather than specific. Such a form as
Braya presents a series of specific forms, reaching from the Alps of
Europe by the Caucasian range, with a couple of species in the Himalaya
region ; so on through Siberia and across Bering Strait to Alaska and
the mountains of Western America, down to southern Chili and Patagonia ;
reappearing again in New Zealand ; almost belting the world.

We have been anticipated to some extent on this subject by Professor
N. L. Britton, who addressed a meeting of botanists at Buffalo on the
influence of the mountains of Asia in plant-distribution. Mrs. Britton
informs us that a large number of our American Mosses occur as well in
Cashmere Valley.3 Wallace had something of the kind in view when in
his work on Island Life he referred to the mountains of the Oriental
islands as receiving contributions carried by the winds from the Him-
alayas. Asa Gray in his paper on the Flora of Japan (Scientific Papers,
ii, p. 125), finds many species common to Japan, the Himalayan region,

1 Nature, Nov. 13, 1902. (Presumably E. B. Poulton.)

2 See Schimper (Pere), Paleontologie Vegetale on the Glacial and Post-glacial Flora of Europe.

3 Mrs. Britton refers to a statement by V. F. Brotherus in the Contribution on the Bryological
Flora of the northwestern Himalaya, Helsingfors, 1898. The list includes 49 genera and 96
species, all mosses which are also found in North America ; the altitudes vary from 6,000 feet in
the valleys to from 20,000-26,000 feet on the highest mountains, and the flora is similar to that
of the mountains of Europe and temperate North America.

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF PATAGONIAN FLORA. 957

and Eastern North America, and that characteristic North American
genera have one or more closely representative species in the Himalayan
region ; and he quotes an unpublished opinion of Bentham, as the natural
conclusion from all these data, that the interchange between the temper-
ate floras even of the western part of the Old World and the New World
took place mainly via Asia. Mr. Bentham also refers (jfottrn. Linn. Soc.,
ii, p. 34), to how frequently large American genera are represented in
Eastern Asia by a small number of species, which gradually diminish or
disappear westwards towards the Atlantic limits of Europe. There are
few distinctively European forms in the eastern part of America, thus tes-
tifying that the European region was not directly in the line of passage
between the Old and New Worlds.

The distribution of animals reinforces this doctrine : Dr. C. W. An-
drews has proved that the proboscidians have originated in Africa, and
the presence of remains of more than a score of species of elephants and
allied forms near the Himalayas points out the probable route by which
they travelled from Africa to Northeastern Asia and to America. Whilst
it is as a center of distribution rather than of origin, that we are speak-
ing, probably every region which is favored with suitable climate and
soil is in some degree a center of origin. Mountain chains have char-
acteristic advantages and limitations in both ways. How much have
the Andes of America and the Blue Mountains of Australia done for
distribution at least in the countries beyond them, as high roads for
species which could not have travelled by valleys or plains ! Shelter-
ing from excessive heat and from drought, and intercepting winds which
convey seeds from afar, they afford friendly resting-places, with variety of
soil and exposure so as to suit every comer ; and improving the stock, by
new variations, they send them out again by various channels into the
general circulation. This has been the function of the American chain, as
Patagonian plants abundantly testify ; and the evidence points to it unmis-
takably as the function of the great tablelands and complex mountain
system which surround the "roof of the world" in central Asia.

Most significant in this respect are those species and genera which are
in large measure peculiar to and characteristic of the Region of Patagonia
and Southern Chili, and which secure to the area the rank of a proper
botanical region. Some of those are related to forms existing in Brazil
and Texas; some allied to Australian or even South African forms;

958 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS! BOTANY.

but they have their own fades; and the presence of any of them at
once identifies the source of a collection. Of these the most noteworthy
are the species of Ephedra, Chtisqitea (Graminese), the Tussock-grass,
and Carex patagonica, and species of Uncinia, Philesia and Lapa-
geria (shrubs both of Liliaceae), Chlorcea (Qrchidaceae), Myzodendron,
lodina and Arjona (both of Santalaceae), Hamadryas (Ranunculaceae),
Drimys (the celebrated Winter' s-green, of Magnoliaceae), Anarthrophyl-
lum and Patagonium (both of Leguminosae, the Patagonium having many
species), Accena (Rosaceae, many species), Azorella (Umbelliferae, many
species), Schinus (Anacardiaceae, the Incense-bush), Pernettya (Ericaceae),
some peculiar species of Verbena, and of Berberis, Benthamiella (Solana-
ceae), Boopis and Acicarpha (both of Calyceraceae), Lepidophylhtm,
Nardophyllum, and many other forms of fruticose Compositae ; many
species of Nassauvia and also of Perezia, representing the Mutisieae, a tribe
of Compositae. This is a long list of very peculiar and interesting species
or genera ; most of which seem to be in or near their primeval homes,
and are like the survivors of the inhabitants of a more extensive land.

The general outcome of the data favors the theory of an incomplete
continuity of the southern lands in former times, so as to secure oppor-
tunities of transit, and also a measure of relative isolation. The landward
side secures some isolation at one part by difference of climate and by
impassable plains ; at another by the mountain chain which makes simul-
taneously a highway and a barrier. The geological data, as given else-
where in these reports, indicate the curious and significant structure of the
southern mountains, dividing into parallel ridges, and cross-hatched by
deep valleys, and rivers, and gradually sinking southward as well as
spreading out like a fan, until they are ultimately lost in the deep ocean,
here and there a "rudiment " of former land emerging to betray their secret.
A recent writer in Nature summarizes Sir Martin Conway's description of
Tierra del Fuego, showing how the deeper hollows between the cordil-
leras have been invaded by the sea, so that there is a long trough parallel
to the coast-line, and many a transverse channel. And he specially notes
the rapid change of sea-level now going on. In Darwin's time the
glaciers of Mount Sarmiento reached the sea; now they are separated
from the sea by woody belts ; and raised beaches and boulders give evi-
dence of frequent oscillating of sea-level.

Southwards of this system of long fiords and cross-channels, the land

MACLOSKIE: CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF PATAGONIAN FLORA. 959

is completely sunk at Cape Horn. But that seems not to be the end of
the American continent. Differences of sea-soundings, and the South
Shetland Isles, suggest its extension onwards towards the south pole ; and
finally the transpolar lands with their volcanoes, Erebus and Terror, are
still claiming an Andean ancestry.

The above was in type when we saw Mr. F. W. Hutton's letter on
Ancient Antarctica (Nature, July 13, 1905). The recent distribution of
both animals and plants proves to him the former existence of an antarc-
tic continent connecting South America with New Zealand and with
South Africa in the Jurassic period. This sank in the Cretaceous period ;
and he believes that there has never since been a land connection between
Antarctica and the other continents ; but in Cretaceous and earlier times
a Pacific continent connected New Guinea and New Zealand with Chili ;
and in Pliocene times a number of islands existed in the Antarctic Ocean,
which have since disappeared. Both flora and fauna were formerly richer
in that region than now; and a connection is shown between Australia
and South America by animal forms like Osteoglossttm and Ceratodus,
also by Marsupials and South American frogs, none of which have reached
New Zealand. The Antarctic islands have a number of birds, fishes and
plants in common which could hardly have spread round the world under
present conditions of land and water. That this spreading was compara-
tively late, is proved to him by near relations between the species. He
argues that if there had been continuous land at the time the land ani-
mals should have spread along with the marine forms. Most land-plants
on the other hand do not require absolute continuity of land to enable
them to spread. It may be proper here to refer to Engler's view, cited
above (p. 336), "where seeds are carried by birds and over oceans several
genera have representatives both in Australia and South America"; and
he adds that the facts point to a former tropical, subpolar vegetation.

Such indications seem to us to speak of a broken chain rather than a
continuum of land ; of an archipelago on a great scale, some of its com-
ponents of the continental kind as to dimensions ; and with interruptions
which secured animal and vegetable isolation ; yet sufficient to permit
occasional passage of seeds and of birds, and an occasional transit of a
quadruped, a sort of quasi-fuegian archipelago on a larger scale. The
fact that the affinity of both Australia and New Zealand with South
America is meagre as to its animals, and not at all general as to plants,

960 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

favors the supposition that if ever a connection existed, it must have
been of the nature of stepping-stones rather than of a bridge. There are
also indications of some passage between South Africa and South America,
but as to the nature and limitations of this we are ignorant. In some
instances at least the connection seems to have been via the highlands of
Eastern Africa, and the circuitous route by the Asiatic highlands and
Bering Strait.

As a general rule, the plants appear to us to be a match for the animals
in their power to survive adverse conditions, probably through their
ability to revive after long periods of dormancy. They can passively
extend their spheres, and on reaching new localities they may or may not
experience a conversion into new varieties or species. If the Ice-age
drove temperate plants southwards in North America, we may conclude
that a return of milder seasons would not send them all back again
towards the poles ; but some would be allured by mountain ranges, rich
in moisture and with cool air, to push their way farther south, ultimately
reaching Southern Chili, and a few of them even leaving vestiges on the
mountains of Central America or Peru. Thus the very same species
sometimes occurs in Alaska and at Magellan Straits, as if the northern
plants had made raids southwards, probably on more than one occasion,
and had never failed to leave some of their party behind as permanent
settlers.

SUPPLEMENTARY REVISIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

(Kiik. represents Kiikenthal; IK-si and IK-S2, the first and second
supplements of the Index Kewensis. The accepted names in this list are
italicised.)

Page 203. Deschampsia tenella, Philippi (1899; nomen mutandum,
because of D. tenella, Petrie, 1890, a New Zealand grass). We may call
it D.philippii (Phil.).

Page 204. Trisetum antarcticum Trin. is Avena subspicata (Beauv. sub
Trisetum).

Page 234. Festuca bromoides Lin. becomes Viilpia bromoides (Linn.),
fide IK-S2. Vulpia Gmelin, as a genus, differs from Festuca by having
secund narrow and dense panicles, and the empty glumes very unequal.

Page 278. Carex atropicta Steud. (1855) is identical with C. lechleri
(Phil. 1857) ; and has priority.

Page 278. Carex banksii Boott and (page 288), C. trifida franchetii
Kurtz are identical with C. germana Boott (fide Kiik.). C. banksii Boott
must be the name as it comes earlier than C. germana in Flora Antarct.,
page 365. It is also figured in plate cxlii of that work.

Page 280. Carex decidiia Boott (1845) includes the later C. pedicellata
Phil.

Page 281. Carex filiformis L. subsp. amatorkyncka Desv. (in Gay's
Fl. Ch.) is C. campyloxys Steud. (1855).

Page 282. Carex gay ana Desv. (in Gay's Fl. Ch.) includes C. schedo-
nautos Steud.

Page 285. Carex pedicellata Phil, is a synonym of C. decidua Boott

(i845)-

Page 285. Carex propinqua N. & M. is a synonym of C. leporina Linn.

Page 288. Carex iirolepis Franch. is a variety of C. darwinii Boott.
This form, once found only in Patagonia, is now discovered in New Zea-
land. (L. Cockayne.)

Page 306. Tristagma nivalis Poepp. should be Brodicea nivalis
(Poepp.), fide IK-S2.

Page 318. Symphyostemon biflorus Dus. is S. odoratissimus (Lindl.)
Miers, fide IK-S2.

961

962 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

Page 345. Prosopanche burmeisteri DeBary (1868) includes P. amer-
icana O. Ktze. ; fide IK-S2.

Page 362. Monolepis chenopodioides Moq. (1849), and M. trifida
Schrad. (1830) are synonyms of M. nuttalliana (R. & S. sub Blittim,
1822. IK-si awards the priority to M. trifida].

Page 382.- Monocosmia monandra R. & P. (circ. 1794), includes M. cor-
rigioloides Fenzl. (1839) ; fide IK-si.

Page 461. Hydrangea scandens Poepp. includes H. (Cornidia) integer-
rima (H &. A., and of Engl. & Prantl), Fide IK-si. Add to its charac-
ters : Leaves ovate, coriaceous, entire, petiolate. Flowers terminally
crowded in a much branching panicle, very few of them radiant.

Page 504. Astragalus brevicaulis Dusen (non Nelson, 1899); nomen
mutandum. We may make it A. dusenii (Dus.) ; which also supersedes A.
cruckshanksii Gris., 1879, because of A. (Phaca) cruckshanksii H. &A., 1833.

Page 505, no. 6. Astragalus (Phaca] cruckshanksii (H. & A.) is
assigned by O. Kuntze to Tragacantha (p. 508), with its Patagonian var.
glabrescens.

Page 505, no. 8. A. domeykianus (Phil.) is a synonym of A. (Phaca]
proctimbens (H. & A.), and is assigned by O. Kuntze to Tragacantha.
It also has a var. glabrescens (p. 508).

Pages 587, 588. The name Loasa patagonica Speg. must have priority,
having been given to a described species in 1897. Urban and Gilg's L.
patagonica was described by them in 1900, though the name appears
(nudum nomen) in Pflanzen-familien of 1894, and is quoted in IK-si
(errore) as a good species of that date. As the other name of this species
(L. pinnatifida Speg.) is preoccupied we may term it L. karraikensis (Urb.
& Gilg.) Macl. ; and the key in p. 586 should be amended accordingly.

Page 590. Cajophora patagonica (Speg.) U. & G. is identical with Loasa
Patagonica Speg.

Page 596. Pterocactus kuntzii Schurm. (Distinguish P. kurtzii Schurm.,
not in Patagon. ; both are in Argentina.)

Page 597. Daphne pillo-pillo (Meisn.) is identical with Ovidia pillo-
pillo Meisn. of DC. Prodr. Engler & Prantl refer it to Daphne.

Page 604. Eugenia apiculata DC. (non Nied., a Brazilian plant, in
Eng. & Prantl, cujus nomen mutandum).

Page 605. Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (Berg.) Ndz. is Eugenia cmck-
shanksii H. & A. ; fide IK-si.

MACLOSKIE: SUPPLEMENTARY CORRECTIONS AND REVISIONS. 963

Page 657. Potiteria splendens (DC. sub Lucuma), is P. valparadiscea
Mol., fide IK-S2. Its fruit is rounded or oval, usually bitter. Occurs in
Chili and Patagonia.

Page 669. Collomia linearis Nutt. (1818), is made by IK-S2 a synonym
of C. coccinea Lehm. (probably nearly synchronous).

Page 67 1. Gilia mtdicaulis Gray, 1870 (non G. nudicaulis Phil., 1895,
cujus nomen mutandum ; a Chilian plant).

Page 729. Astemnthera ovata Hansk. is identical with A. chiloensis
Hansk ; chiloensis has priority.

Page 781. Gtitierrezia (Brachyris) spathitlata Phil. (1865) includes G.
gilliesii Gris. (1874) fide O. Ktze.

Page 784. Nardophyllum nardophyllum (O. Ktze., sub Aster). Kuntze's
species appears to us to agree with N. humile in habit, habitat, in char-
acters of head and involucre and pappus ; also in having subconical com-
pressed achenes, and therefore to be generically inseparable.

ERRATA.

(Besides the lists at the end of Parts I and III.)

Page 127. Insert head-title, PART IV.

Page 179, line 8. Read Cabo vice Cobo.

Page 269, line 10. Read bracteosa vice bracteoa.

Page 305, no. 4, title. Read patagonica vice patagonia.

Page 315, line 13. The name is O. A. Peterson.

Page 375. Running headline. Read Amarantacece vice Nyctaginacece.

Page 377, no. 2, title. Read tricycla vice tricycle.

Page 413, no. 2, title. The name is Hamadryas delfini Phil.

Page 592, no. 4, title. Read C. patagonicus vice C. patagonica.

Page 603, no. 2, title. Read Barn, vice Bern.

Page 730. After Proboscidia, read Schmid. vice Scmid.

Page 781, no. 8, title. Read spa^ilata vice spatulata.

Page 789, running head-line. Read Composite vice Comsositce.

Page 805, line 8 from foot. Read Candolle vice Condolle.

Page 878, no. 5, title. Read Plate XXVIII B vice A.

Page 88 1, no. 19, title. Read Plate XXVIII A vice B.

The Explanation of Plate IV should have 41 and 43, respectively, as
the page-references ; of Plate XI should have Meesea vice Meesia ; and
the terminal "Gag." should be deleted from the title of Plate XXVI.

Plate XXVIII, title. Read Nassauvia vice Nassanvia, and bryoides
vice Cryoides.

964

INDEX TO VOLUME VIII.

ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA.

The figures indicate the pages, frequently including more than one page,
fixed to the figure marks a synonym, or a casual reference.

A dash (-) pre-

A BROTANELLA (Comp.), 831, -952
" Abutilon (Malv.), 569. Plate xxi
Acaena (Ros.), 475. Plate xix
Acanthocladus (Polyg.), -548
Acanthonychia (Caryoph.), 397
Acanthophyllum (Comp.), -882
Achillaea (Comp.), 829
Achyrocline (Comp.), 813
Achyrophorus (Comp.), -896
Acicarpha" (Calycer.), 764
Acrandrous, acrogynous, 908, note

ACROCARPINE^E, 65, IC)6, I2O

Acrocladium (Musci), 100, 117
Acroschisma (Musci), 106
Actinea (Actinella), -826
Actinella (Comp.), 826
Adder 's-tongue, 127
Adelanthus (Hepat.), -37
Adelocolea (Hepat.), 37
Adenocaulon (Comp.), 819
Adesmia (Legum.), 509
Adicea (Urtic.), 332
yEschinomene (Legum.), -515
African connection, 957, 959
Agoseris (Comp.), 902
Agropyron (Gram.), 160, 245
Agrostideae, 156
Agrostis (Gram.), 157, 182
Aira (Gram.), 157, 197, -200
Airidium (Gram.), -200
Airopsis (Gram.), 157, 197
AIZOACE^ 377, 912
Alchemilla, Alchimilla (Ros.), 472

Alfalfa (Medicago), 501
Alfilerillo (Erodium), 535, 949
Algaroba (Legum.), 489
Alisma, -152
AI.ISM.ACEM, 152, 909,
Allenrolfea (Chen.), -367
Alliances, 907
Allium (Liliac.), 304
Alopecurus (Gram.), 156, 179
Aloysia (Verben.), -692
Alpine flora, 21
Alsine (Caryoph.), 385, -393
Alsophila (Cyath.), 131
Alstrcemeria (Amaryll.), 311
Alyssum (Crucif.), 451
AMARANTACE^ 372, 911
Amarantellus, 374
Amaranth, 372, 911
Amarantus, 373

AMARYLLIDACE-ffi, 309, 9IO

Amblystegium (Musci), 119, 125
Ambrina (Chenop.), -357
Ambrosia (Comp.), 820
Ameghinoa (Comp.), 886
Amellus (Comp.), -798
Ammi (Umbell.), 641
Ammodenia (Caryoph.), 393
Amphidium (Musci), HI
Amsinckia (Borr.), 679
ANACARDIACE^ 558, 914
Anacolia (Musci), 123
Anagallis (Primul.), 653
Analysis of orders and families, 907

965

966

INDEX.

Anarthrophyllum (Leg.), 487, 496

Andreaea (Musci), 64, 106, 120

ANDRE^EALES, Andreaeaceae, 1 06, 120

Androcryphia (Hepat.), 37

Andromeda (Eric.), -645, -649

Andropogon (Gram.), 155, 160

Andropogoneae, 155

Androsace (Prim.), 651

Anemone (Ranunc.), 400. Plate xxii

Aneura (Hepat.), 38

Angels' Beard, 336, 911

ANGIOSPERMIA, 146, 908

Anisothecium (Musci), 65, 120. Plate vii

Antarctic, 945

Antarctica, ancient, 948, 959

Antennaria (Comp.), 812

Anthaenantia (Gram.), 155, 163

Anthemideae, 766, 770

Anthemis (Comp.), 828

Anthoceros (Hepat), 40, 59

Anthoxanthum (Gram.), 156, 166

Anthidaphne (Loran.), -336

Antigonon (Polyg.), 353

Antirrhinoideae, 713

Aonikena (Euph.), 552, 555

Apera (Gram.), -175

Apetalae, 325, 910

Apium (Umb.), 639

Aplopappus (Comp.), 785

APOCYNACE.E, 663, 918

Apple, 469

Arabis (Crucif.), 451

ARACE.E, 289, 909

Arales, 909

ARALIACE^E, 619, 916

Araucaria, 140, 908, -951

Araucarioxylon, —141

Araucarites, -141

Arctotideae, -766

Arenaria (Caryoph.), 393, -395

Arethusa, -640

Argentine flora, 954

Aristida (Gram.), 156, 168

Aristotelia (Elaeoc.), 21, 568

Arjona (Santal.), 340. Plate xvi

Armeria (Plumb.), -654
Arrow-grass, 150
Arrow-head, 153
Arroyon, espinado, 693
Artemisia (Comp.), 832, -952
Artichoke, 862
Arundo (Gram.), -212
Asarca (Orch.), -320

ASCLEPIADACE^ 663, 918

Asclepias, 664

Aspidium (Filices), 21, -132

Asplenium (Filices), 6, 132

Astelia (Liliac.), 16, 307

Astephanus (Asclep.), -664

Aster (Comp.), 789

Asteranthera (Gesner.), 21, 728 (and Supp.

p. 962)

Astereae (Comp.), 765, 766
Asteriscium (Umb.), 632
Asterolinum (Prim.), 653
Astragalus (Legum.), 488, 502 (and Supp.

P-9^3)

Atamisquea (Cappar.), 454
Atriplex (Chenop.), 362
Atropis (Gram.), 159, 220
Aulacomnium, 64, 97, 114
Australian connections, 959
Avena (Gram.), 157, 206
Aveneae (Gram.), 157
Avens (Geum), 471
Avicularia (Polygon.), -352
Aysen, Valley, 2, 18, 30
Azara (Flacourt.), 20, 584
Azolla (Filices), 135
Azorella (Umbell.), 624, -638. Plate xxii

"DACCHARIS (Comp.), 801 (-797, -716,

-773). Plate xxxi
Bacopa (Scroph.), -720
Bambuseae (Gram.), 160, 255
Banalia (Chenop.), -355
Barba de Anjel, 337. Plate xiv
Barberry, 415, 912. Plate xv
Barbula (Musci), 75, 109, 121. Plate viii
Barley (Hordeum), 160, 248

INDEX.

967

Bartonia (Loas.), -586

Bartramia (Musci), 97, 114

Bartramidula (Musci), 97, 114

Beardgrass, 160, 181

Bedstraw, 740

Beeches (Nothofagus), -2, -26, 325, -910

Beet, 356

Belangera (Cunon.), -466

Bell-flower Fam., 751, 920

Bent grass, 182

Benthamiella (Solan.), 712

BERBERIDACE^E, 415, 912

Berberis, 6, 415. Plate xv

Bering Strait route, 952

Bermuda-grass, 209

Beta (Chenop.), 356

Bibliography, 921, 925

BlGNONIACELE, 727, 919

Bindweed, 667

Birch (Beech), 325

Bittercress (Cardamine), 435

Blackberry, 469

Bladderwort Fam., 730, 919

Blechnum (Filices), 131

Blepharocalyx (Myrt), 604 (and Supp. p.

962)

Blepharidophyllum (Hepat.), 41
Blepharostoma (Hepat.), 41. Plate iv
Blindia (Musci), 108, 121
Blitum (Chenop.), -358 (and Supp. p. 962)
Blue-berry, 648

Blumenbachia (Loas.), -589, 590
Bolax (Umbell.), -624, -628
Boopis (Calycer.), 757, -762, -763. PI. xxvi
Borage Fam., 676, 918

BORRAGINACE^E, 676, 918

Botrychium (Filices), 127

Bougainvillaea (Nyct), 376

Bouteloua (Gram.), 159, 211

Bowlesia (Umbell.), 623

Brachyclados (Comp.), 872

Brachycope (Lycium), 700

Brachylepis (Asclep.), -665

Brachymenium (Musci), 112

Brachyris (Comp.), -779 (and Supp. p. 963)

Brachythecium (Musci), 64, 101, 118, 125

Brassica (Crucif.), 432. -453

Braya (Crucif.), 451, -956

Bredemeyera (Polygal.), 550

Breutelia (Musci), 64, 114, 123

Briza (Gram.), 158, 218

Brodiaea (Liliac.), 304 (and Supp. p. 961)

Brome-grass, 240

BROMELIACE^E, 293, 910

Bromus (Gram.), 159, 240

Brookweed, 652

Bryacese, 12, 87, 112

BRYALES, 12, 25, 65, 71, 106, 120

Bryodes (Scroph.), 720, 951

Bryum (Musci), 64, 89, 112, 122. Plate ix, x

Buckthorn Fam., 561, 915

Buckwheat Fam., 345, 91 1

Buda (Caryoph.), 395

Buddleia, Buddlea (Logan.), 658

Bulliarda (Crass.), -456

Bulnesia (Zygoph.), 544

Bulrush, 259

Bur-grass, 165

Bursa (Crucif.), 440

Buttercup, 404

/~* ABBAGE (Brassica), 432
Cacalia (Comp.), -857
CACTACE^:, 591, 916
Cactus Fam., 591, 916
Cadilla, Acaena (Ros.), 478
Caesalpinia, 493, 494
Caesalpinieje (Legum.), 486, 491
Cajophora (Loas.), 589 (and Supp. p. 962)
Calamagrostis (Gram.), 157, 192
Calandrinia (Portul.), 379, 953
Calceolaria (Scroph.), 714
Caldaria (Umbell.), -638
Caldcluvia (Cunon.), 467
Calenduleae, 766, 771
Califate (Berberis), 416, 417
CALLITRICHACE^E, 556, 914
Callitriche, 556
Callixene (Liliac.), 6, 307
Calopsis (Rest.), -292

968

INDEX.

Caloptilium (Comp.), -880

Caltha (Ran.), 7. 399

CALYCERACE.E, 756, 920, 949

Calystegia (Convolv.), -667

Camanbu, 705

Camomile, 828

Campanula, -752

CAMPANULACE.E, 751, 920

Campanulales, 920

Campion, 383

Campsis (Bign.), -728

Campylopus (Musci), 63, 70, 107, 121

CANDOLLEACE^E, 756, -920

Cape Horn, 945

Caper Fam., 454, 913

CAPPARIDACE^E, 454, 913

Capparis, 454

Capriola (Gram.), 159, 209

Capsella (Crucif.), -440

Cardamine (Crucif.), 435

Cardoon, 862

Carduus (Comp.), 861

Carex (Cyperac.), 257, -271, 273 (and Supp.

p. 961). Plate xii
Carpet-weed Fam., 377, 912
Carpha (Cyperac.), 256, 257
Carroo (Verbena), 684. Plate xxiii
Carrot, 643
Carrot Fam, 619, 916
Carthamus (Comp.), 862
CARYOPHYLLACE.E, 382, 912
Cassia (Legum.), 486, 491
Catabrosa (Gram.), 158, 216, -221
Catagonium (Musci), 64, 100, 117
Cat-tail Fam., 146, 909

CELASTRACEvE, 559, 915

Celastrales, 914
Celastrus, -560
Celery, 640

Cenchrus (Gram.), 156, 165
Centaury, 660
CENTROLEPIDACE.E, 292, 909
Centrospermales, 91 1
Cephalophora (Comp.), -826
Cerastium (Caryoph.), 387

Cerasus (Prunus, Ros.), -485

Ceratodon (Musci), 108

CERATOPHYLLACE.E, 398, 912

Ceratophyllum, 398

Cereus (Cact), 591

Cestrum (Solan.), 708

Chabraea (Comp.), -887

Chaetospora (Cyper.), -267

Chalepoa (Sax.), -461

Chamaeaphis (Gram.), -164

Chamissonia (Onagr.), 614

Chamomile, Camomile, 828

Chaptalia (Comp.), 874

Chara, Characeae, 126

Characteristic Patagonian Plants, 958

Chelone, -725

CHENOPODIACE^E, 354, 911

Chenopodiastrum, 359

Chenopodium, 356

Cherry, 485

Chess, 243

Chevreulia (Comp.), 811

Chickweed, 387,

Water (Montia), 381
Chilian Pine (Araucaria), 140, 951
Chiliophyllum (Comp.), 787
Chiliotrichium, Chiliotrichum (Comp.), 716,

797, 953

Chiloscyphus (Hepat.), 43, 59
Chiroglossa, 127
Chloraea (Orch.), 320
Chlorideae (Gram.), 159
Chloris (Gram.), 159, 209
Choripetalae, 377, 911
Chromolaena (Eupatorium, Comp.), -776
Chrysocoma (Comp.), 799
Chrysosplenium (Sax.), 460
Chuquiraga, Chuquiragua (Comp.), 863
Chusquea (Gram.), 4, 19, 160, 255
Cichorieae (Comp.), 766, 772
Cirsium (Comp.), -861
Citharexylum (Verb.), -693
Cladomnium (Musci), 118, 124
Clarionea (Comp.), -892
Clearweed, 332

INDEX.

969

Cleavers (Galium), 740

Clematis (Ranunc.), 401

Climbing hempweed, 777

Clover (Trifolium), 501

Club-mosses, 136

Cnicus (Comp.), -861

Cockle-bur, 821

Codo-coypu, 339

Codonorchis (Orchid.), 324

Collectors, 921

Colletia (Rhamn.), -564, 566

Colliguaya (Euphorb.), 552

Collomia (Polemon.), 668 (and Supp. p. 963)

Colobanthus (Caryoph.), 390, 953

Columnea (Gesn.), -729

Comesperma (Polyg.), -550

COMPOSITE, 764, 920, 949

Composite Fam., 764, 920

Condalia (Rhamn.), 561

CONIFERS, 140, 908

Conium (Umbell.), 639

Conostomum (Musci), 114

CONVOLULACE.E, 665, 918

Convolvulus, 667
Conyza (Comp.), 798
Cordillera, climate, 2
Cordioideae, 676
Coriander, 638
Coriandrum (Umbell.), 638
Coriaria, 557
Coriaraceas, 557, 914

CORNACE^:, 643, 917

Cornidia (Sax.), -461
Coronopus (Crucif.), 427
Cortaderia (Gram.), -158, -213
Cotula (Comp.), 829.
Couch-grass, 247
Coypu, 339

Crambe (Crucif.), 433
Crane's-bill Fam., 531
Crantzia (Umb.), -641
Crassula, 9, 456
CRASSULACE.E, 456, 913
Crepidinae, 772
Cress, Garden, 426

Crinodendron (Elaeoc.), 568

Cristaria (Malv.), -570, 575

Crowberry, 557, 914

Crowfoot, 398, 404, 912

CRUCIFEILE, 421, 913

Cruckshanksia (Rub.), 739

Cruzia (Labiat), 696

Cryphaea (Musci), 65, 115, 123

Cryptochloris (Gram.), -211

Cubospermum (Onagr.), -606

Cudweed, 814

Culcitium (Comp.), 833

Culeou (Gram.), 255

CUNONIACE^:, 466, 913

Cuphea (Lythr.), 600

CUPRESSACEJJ, 141, 908

Currant, 464

Curuzu, 509

Cyatheaceae, 131

Cyathophorum (Musci), 5, 116

Cyclolepis (Comp.), 867

Cydonia (Ros.), 468

Cynara (Comp.), 862

Cynareae, Cynaroideae (Comp.), 765, 771

Cynodon (Gram.), -209

Cynoglossospermum (Eritrichium), -679

Cynoglossum (Sax.), -464

CYPERACE^E, 256, 909

Cyperus, 256, 257

Cypress Fam., 141, 908

Cystopteris (Filices), -133

p\ACRYDIUM (Podocarp.), 143

Dactylis (Gram.), -227
Daltonia (Musci), 123
Dandelion, 901

Danthonia (Gram.), 157, 207
Daphne (Thymel.), 20, 597 (and Supp. p.

962)

Darnell (Gram.), 244
Dasyphyllum (Comp.), -863
Daucus (Umbel.), 643
Decostea (Corn.), -644
Delpinoella (Crucif.), 427
Dendrocryphaea (Musci), 65, 116

970

INDEX.

Deschampsia (Gram.), 157, -198, 199 (and

Supp. p. 961)

Descurainia (Crucif.), -447
Desfontainea (Logan.), 6, 659
Deyeuxia (Gram.), —192
Diachyrium (Gram.), -180
Dichondra (Convol.), 666

DlCOTYLEDONES, 325, 9IO

Dicranoweisia (Musci), 67, 106, 120. PI. vii

Dicranaceae, 65, 106, 120. Plate vii, viii

Dicranum (Musci), 63, 68, 107, 121, -329

Didymoglossum (Filices), -129

Digitalis (Scroph.), 725

Diplachne (Gram.), 158, 214

Diplophyllum (Hepat), 59

DIPSACACE,E, 750, 920

Dipsacus, 751

Discaria (Rhamn.), 563

Discontinuity, 946, 951

Dissodon (Musci), 112

Distichium (Musci), 64, 75, 108

Distichlis (Gram.), 158, 217

Distichophyllum (Musci), 117, 124

Distribution, means of, 950

Distribution-routes, 955

Ditrichum (Musci), 75, 108

Dogbane Fam., 663, 918

Dogwood Fam., 643, 917

Dolichogyne (Comp.), -783

Donatia (Saxif.), 16, 460

Dondia (Chen.), -370

Doniophyton (Comp.), 865

Draba (Crucif.), 441. Plate xviii

Drapetes (Thymel.), 598

Drimys (Magnol.), 6, 419

Drosera, 7, 455

DROSERACE.E, 455, 913

Dryopteris (Filices), 132

Duckweed, 290, 909

Dusenia (Comp.), 866

Duvaua (Anac.), -558

Dysodia (Comp.), 828

Dysopsis (Euph.), 554

BENALES, 917

Echidiocarya (Borr.), -679'
Echinocactus (Cact), 593
Echinodorus (Alism.), 152
Echinopsis (Cact.), 592
Eclipta (Comp.), 822
Ectropothecium (Musci), 124
Edwardsia (Legum.), II, -495
EL^OCARPACE^E, 567, 915
Eleocharis (Cyper.), -260, 263
Elephant-distribution, 957
Elionurus (Gram.), 155, 160
Elymus (Gram.), 160, 252
Elynanthus (Cyperac.), 256, 267
Embothrium (Prot.), 333

EMPETRACEvE, 557, 914

Empetrum, 17, 557

Enargea (Liliac.), -307

Endogens (Monocotyledones), 146, 908

EPACRIDACE^E, 649, 917

Ephedra, 144

EPHEDRACE^E, 144, 908

Epilobium (Onagr.), 607

Epiphytes, 21, 23

Equisetacese, 136

Equisetum, 136

Eragrostis (Gram.), 158, -197, 215

Eriachajnium (Comp.), 861

Eriachne (Gram.), 157, 197

ERICACEAE, 644, 917

Ericales, 917

Ericoideae, -644

Erigeron (Comp.), 790

Eriodon (Musci), 118

Eriogonum (Polygon.), 347. 95 *

Eriopus (Musci), 116, 124

Eritrichium (Borr.), 678

Erodium (Ger.), 535, 949

Eryngium (Umbel.), 636

Erysimum, 449

Erythrsea (Gent), 660

Escallonia (Saxif.), 21, 461

Espina blanca, 595

Eucalpyta (Musci), 121

Eucryphia, 577

INDEX.

971

EUCRYPHIACE.E, 577, 915

Eugenia (Myrt.), 12, -602, 604 (and Supp.

p. 962)

Eupatoriese, 765, 766
Eupatorium (Comp.), 774
EUPHORBIACE^E, 551, 914
Euphorbia, 552, 553
Euphrasia (Scroph.), 727
Eustichia (Musci), in
Euxolus (Amarantus), -373
Evening-primrose Earn., 606, 916
Everlasting, 814
Evolvulus (Convolv.), 666
Exogens (Dicotyledons), 325, 910
Eyebright, 727

(Solan.), 709
Facelis (Comp.), 813
FAGACE^E, 325, 910
Fagales, 910
Fagus, -326
Falkland Islands, 947
False-oat (Trisetum), 203
Families and orders, analysis, 907
Farinales, 909
Fascicularia (Brom.), 294
Feather-grass (Stipa), 168
Fedia (Val.), -750
Fennel (Umbel.), 642
Ferns, 127
Fescue-grass, 237

Festuca .(Gram.), 29, 159, -223, 231
Festuceae (Gram.), 158
FICOIDE^-: (Aizoac.), 377, 912
FILICES (Ferns), 127
Filix, 133

Filmy-ferns (Hymenoph.), 4, 127
Fimbristylis (Cyperac.), 266
Firs, 140

Fitzroya (Cupress.), 141
FLACOURTIACEJE, 584, 915
Flaveria (Comp.), 825
Flora-patagoniea, statistics, 950
Flotovia (Chuquiraga), 865
FLOWERING-PLANTS, 139, 907

Fceniculum (Umb.), 642
Forests, 8, 18, 333, 946. Plate i
Forget-me-not, 680
Forstera (Cand.), -756
Fossombronia (Hepat), 43
Four-o'clock, 376
Foxglove, 725
Foxtail, 164, 179
Fragaria (Ros.), 470
Fragosa (Umbel.), -625, -633
Frankenia, 579
FRANKENIACE^:, 578, 915
Friesia (Elseoc.), -568
Frullania (Hepat.), 43, 59
Fuchsia (Onagr.), 15, 21, 615
Fuegia, 946

Fuegian Vegetation, 945
Fumaria (Papav.), 421
Fumarioideae, 421, 912
Fumitory Subfam., 421, 912
Funaria (Musci), 87, 112
Furze (Ulex), 499

pAIADENDRON (Loranth.), -336

V Gaillardia (Comp.), 826

Gaimardia (Centrolep.), 7, 293, 951

Galatella (Comp.), -789

Galega (Legum.), 487, 502

Galegese, 487

Galium (Rubiac.), 740

Gamocarpha (Calycer.), -757, 761

Gaultheria (Eric.), 645

Gayankhia (Berberis), 417

Geissois, -466

Genista (Legum.), -497

Gentiana, 660

GENTIANACE^E, 660, 918

Gentianales, 917

Gentian Fam., 660, 918

Geography, 937, 945

GERANIACE.E, 531, 914

Geraniales, 913

Geranium Fam., 532, 914

Gerardia (Scroph.), 726

GESNERIACE.E, 728, 919

972

INDEX.

Geum (Ros.), 471

Giant-thistle, 86 1

Gilia (Polem.), 670 (and Supp. p. 963)

Ginseng Fam., 619, 916

Gleichenia, 6, 134

Gleicheniaceae, 134

Glossary of Localities, 938

Glumales, 909

Glyceria (Gram.), 159, 219

Glycyrrhiza (Leg.), 509

Gnaphalium (Comp.), 814

GNETACE^E, Gnetales, 144, 908

Gochnatia (Comp.), 866

Godetia (Onagr.), 611

Golden-rod (Solidago), 784

Gomphrena (Amar.), 375

GOODENIACE^E, 755, 920

Gooseberry, 464

Goosefoot Fam., 354

Gottschea (Hepat), 59

Gourliea (Legum.), 487, 495

Grahamia (Portul.), 381

GRAMINE^, 14, 154, 909, 949

Grammatocarpus (Loas.), -589

Grammitis (Filices), -134

GRASSES, 154, 909, 949

Grimmia (Musci), 77, 109, 122. Plate viii

Grindelia (Comp.), 778

Grisebachiella (Apocyn.), 663

Griselinia (Corn.), 644

Groundsel (Senecio), 833, 860

Guaicuru, 656

Guayavi, 677

Guevina (Proteac.), 335

Gum-plants (Grindelia), 778

Gunnera (Halor.), 8, 19, 617, 951

Gutierrezia (Comp.), 779 (and Supp. p. 963)

Gymnanthe (Hepat.), 57

GYMNOSPERMIA, 140, 908

Gynerium (Gram.), 158, 213

TJABRANTHUS (Amaryll.), -311

Hair-grass, 197
Halopeplis (Chenop.), 366
Halophytum (Chenop.), 371

HALORAGIDACE.E, 615, 916
Halostachys (Chenop.), -366
Hamadryas (Ranunc.), 412. Plate xvi
Hanging-moss, 293
Haplopappus (Comp.), 785, -789
Hard-fescue, 237
Hard-grass (Lepturus), 245
Hariotella (Hepat.), 44
Harpalejeunia (Hepat.), 44
Hatcherian Mosses, 63
Hawkweed, 903
Heath Fam., 644, 917
Hebe (Veronica ellipt.), 722, 946
Hedeoma (Labiat), 697
Helenioidese (Comp.), 765, 769
Heleocharis (Cyperac.), 256, -260, 263
Helianthoidese, 765, 768
Helichrysum, -818
Heliophytum (Borr.), -677
Heliotropium (Borr.), 677
Helobiales, 909
Helosciadium, -640
Hemlock (Conium), 639
Hempweed, climbing, 777
HEPATICJE, 3, 13, 23, 35
Hepaticae, Supp. list, 58
Herba de perdice, 865
Herniaria, 396
Herpestis (Scroph.), -720
Hesperis (Crucif.), 453
Heterostachys (Chenop.), 368
Heterothalamus (Comp.), 800
Hexaptera (Cruc.), 424. Plate xvii
Hieracium (Comp.), 903
Hierochloe (Gram.), 156, 166
Himalaya Region, 955
Himeranthus (Solan.), -708
Hippeastrum (Amaryl.), 310
Hippuris (Halor.), 618
Hoffmanseggia (Leg.), 486, 493, -494
Holcus (Gram.), 157, -167, 196
Holy-grass (Hierochloe), 166
Homoianthus (Comp.), -892
Honkenya (Caryoph.), -393
Hookeriaceas (Musci), 64, 116, 123

INDEX.

973

Hordese (Gram.), 159

Hordeum, 160, 248

Horehound, 696

Hornwort Fam., 398, 912

Horse-tails, 136

Hualania (Polygal.), -550

Huanaca (Umbel.), -625, -634

Huckleberry, 648

Hurngan, 704

Hutchinsia (Crucif.), 440, -441

Hyalis (Comp.), -868

HYDNORACE.E, 344, 911

Hydrangea (Saxif.), 460 (and Supp. p. 962)

Hydrocotyle (Umbel.), 622

HYDROPHYLLACE^E, 673, 918

Hydrophyllum, 673

Hymenatherum (Comp.), -828

Hymenocleiston (Musci), 112

Hymenophyllaceae, 4, 127

Hymenophyllum (Filices), 128

Hymenoxys (Comp.), -826

HYPERICACE^:, 578, 915

Hypericum, 578

Hypnaceae, 101, 118, 124

Hypnum (Musci), 63, 103, 119. Plate xi

Hypnodendron (Musci), 119

Hypochceris (Comp.), 896

Hypopterygium (Musci), 64, 119

Hypsela (Camp.), 754

Hysterionica (Comp.), 781

TLLECEBRE^E (Caryoph.), 382

Imperata (Gram.), 155, 161
Incense-bush (Schinus), 558
Inuleae (Comp.), 766, 768
lodina (Santal.), 340
Ipe-branco, 677
Ipnum, -214
IRIDACE^E, 312, 910
Iris Fam., 312, 910
Iron-weed, 773
Isoetaceae, 138
Isoetes, 138
Isolepis (Cyper.), -261
Isotachis (Hepat.), 59

Isothecium (Musci), 124

Ivy Fam., 619, 916

Ixophorus (Gram.), -156, -164

TABOROSA (Solan.), 708
J Jamesoniella (Hepat.), 44, 59
Joannesia (Comp.), -863
Joint-firs (Ephed.), 144, 908
JUNCACE;E, 14, 295, 910
JUNCAGINACE^E, 150, 909
Juncoides (Juncac.), 301
Juncus (Juncac.), 296
Jungermannia, 44, 59. Plate v
Jungermannieae (Hepat.), 44
Jussisea, Jussieua (Onagr.), 606

ERGUELEN PLANTS, 952

Khalgo, 417
Knotweed, 353
Kceleria (Gram.), 158, 216
Kcenigia (Polygon.), 346, 951

T ABIAT^E, 694, 918

Lagenophora (Comp.), 788
Lantana (Verben.), 690
Lapageria (Liliac.), 309
Larrea (Legum.), -494
Larrea (Zygoph.), 545
Lasiorrhiza (Comp.), 887
Lathyrus (Legum.), 488, 526
Laurelia (Monim), n, 420
Lavidia (Comp.), 867
Leadwort Fam., 654, 917
Lebetanthus (Epacrid.), 6, 645, 649
Legouzia (Camp.), 752
LEGUMINOS.E, 485, 913
Leioscyphus (Hepat.), 59
Lejeunea (Hepat.), 47, 60
Lemna, 291
LEMNACE.E, 290, 909
LENTIBULARIACE.E, 730, 919
Leontodon (Comp.), -900
Leontodontinse, 772
Lepicolea (Hepat.), 47
Lepidium (Crucif.), 425

974

INDEX.

Lepidoceros (Loranth.), -336

Lepidolsena (Hepat), 47, 60

Lepidophyllum (Comp.), 782. Plate xxvii

Lepidothamnus (Podocarp.), 18, -143

Lepidozia (Hepat.), 48, 60

Lepigonum (Caryoph.), -395

Leptinella (Comp.), -829

Leptobryum (Musci), 64, 87, 112. Plate ix

Leptocarpus (Rest.), 292

Leptochloa, -214

Leptodon (Musci), 116

Leptostomum (Musci), 96, 113

Leptotheca (Musci), 114

Lepturus (Gram.), 155, 159, 245

Lepyrodon (Musci), 64, 99, 116

Lerchea (Chen.), 370

Leria (Comp.), -874

Leskea (Musci), 99, 117

Lesquerella (Crucif.), 439

Leuceria, Leucheria (Comp.), -887

Leucodontacese, 99, 116

Leucopsis (Comp.), -790

Libertia (Irid.), 313

Libocedrus (Cupress.), 6, 18, 141

Licorice, 509

Ligusticum (Umbel.), 642

Lilsea (Juncag.), -150

Lilaeopsis (Umbel.), 641

LILIACE^E, 303, 910, 953

Liliales, 910

Lily Fam., 303, 910

Limonium (Plumb.), 656

Limosella (Scroph.), 720

Linaria (Scroph.), 719

Lines of Distribution, 955

Lippia (Verben.), 691

Litorella (Plant.), 738

Liverworts (Hepat.), 35

Loasa, 586, -590 (and Supp. p. 962)

LOASACE^, 585, 916

Lobelia (Camp.), 753

Lobelioidese (Camp.), 751, 920

Localities, Glossary of, 938

LOGANIACE^:, 658, 917

Lolium (Gram.), 159, 244

Loma/ia (Filices), -132
Lomatia (Proteac.), u, -334
Loose-strife (Lysim.), 652
Loose-strife Fam. (Lythr.), 599, 916
Lophocolea (Hepat.), 48, 60

LORANTHACE^E, 335, gi I

Loranthus, 336

Lovage, 642

Lucilia (Comp.), 814, -817

Lucuma (Sapot), -657

Lupine, Lupinus (Legum.), 487, 498

Luziola (Gram.), 156, 165

Luzula (Juncoides, Juncac.), 301

Luzuriaga (Liliac.), 21, -307

Lychnis (Caryoph.), 384

Lycium (Solan.), 699

LYCOPODIACEJE, 136

Lycopodium, 137

Lysimachia, 652

LYTHRACEjE, 599, 916

Lythrum, 599

TV/T ACLOVIAN Is. (Falklands), 947
Macounastrum (Polgon.), -346
Macrachsenium (Comp.), 874
Macromitrium (Musci), 65, 83,111, 122. Pl.ix
Macrorhynchus (Comp.), -902
Madder Fam., 738, 919
Madia (Comp.), 824
Magallana (Trop.), 544
Magdalena Channel, 946
Magellania (— Drimys), -419
Magellan-grapes, 418
Maglia (Solanum), 707
MAGNOLIACE.E, 419, 912
Maihuenia (Cact.), 595
Mallow Fam., 568, 915
Malouines (Falklands), 947
Malus (Ros.), -469
Malva, 571
MALVACEAE, 568, 915
Malvales, 915
Malvastrum (Malv.), 572
Manna-grass, 219
Marchantia (Hepat.), 52, 61

INDEX.

975

Mare's-tail, 618

Margyricarpus (Ros.), 473, -474
Marigold (Tagetes), 827
Marrubium (Labiat), 695
Marsh-grass (Spartina), 208
Marsh-marigold, 399
Marsippospermum (Juncac.), 295
Marsupidium (Hepat.), 52, 57, 61
Martynia, -730
MARTYNIACE^E, 730, 919
Marvel-of-Peru, 376, 91 1
Mastigobryum (Hepat.), 61
Mastigophora (Hepat.), 61
Mastigophorus (Nassauvia), 876.
Mataperro (Lycium), 704
Mate-negra, 454, 684
Mate-verde, 782
Maytenus (Celastr.), 560
Meadow-barley, 250
Meadow-grass, 221
Medic, 500

Medicago (Legum.), 487, 500
Meesea (Musci), 95. Plate xi
Melalema (Comp.), 832
Melandryum (Caryoph.), 384
Melica (Gram.), 158, 217
Melilotus (Legum.), 487, 501
Melinia (Asclep.), 665
Menodora (Oleac.), 657
Menonvillasa (Cruc.), 424
Menta del Campo, 697
Mentzelia (Loas.), 586
Mesati, 688
Meseta, 687
Mesochlamydeae, 911
Mesquit, 489
Metachlamydese, 644, 917
Metrosideros (Myrt), -605
Metzgeria (Hepat.), 38, 53, 61
Mezereon Fam., 597, 916
Micromeria (Labiat.), -697
Micropsis (Comp.), 811
Micropus (Comp.), -811
Microsciadium (Umbel.), -625
Mielichoferia (Musci), 112

Mignonette, 455, 913
Mikania (Comp.), -776, -777
Milfoil (Hippuris), 615
Milium (Gram.), -163
Milkweed Fam., 663, 918
Milkwort, 546
Milla (Brodiaea), -304
Milpi, 509

Mimosa (Legum.), 486, 488, -490
Mimosese, 486
Mimulus (Scroph.), 721
Mint Fam., 694, 918
Mirabilis (Nyct), 376
Mistletoe Fam., 335, 911
Mitostigma (Asclep.), 664
Mitraria (Gesner.), 21, 729
Mniadelphus (Musci), 65, 116
Mnium (Musci), 96, 113
Monanthochloe (Gramin.), 158, 212
MONIMIACE^:, 420, 912
Monkey-flower, 721
Monniera (Scroph.), 720
Monnina (Polygal.), 551
Monocosmia (Portul.), 382 (and Supp. p.
962)

MONOCOTYLEDONES, 146, 908

Monolepis (Chen.), 362 (and Supp. p. 962)

Monopyrena (Verb.), 692

Montia (Portul.), 381

Monttea (Scroph.), 719

Moon wort, 127

Mosquitoes, 955

MOSSES, 8, 12, 25, 63

Mosses, Catalogue, 105

Mountains, influence of, 957

Mouse-ear (Myosotis), 680

Mousetail, (Myosurus), 402

Mudwort (Limosella), 720

Muehlenbeckia (Polygon.), 353

Muhlenbergia (Gram.), 156, 178

Mulinum (Umbel.), -629, 633

Musci, 8, 12, 25, 63, 104

Musci, Catalogue, 105, 125

Mustard, 432

Mustard Fam., 421, 913

976

INDEX.

Mutisia (Comp.), 869

Mutisieae (Comp.), 766, 771

Mutisinae, 771

Myginda (Celastr.), -560

Mylia (Hepat.), 53

Myoschilos (Santal.), 339, -343

Myosotis (Borr.), -678, 680, 951

Myosurus (Ranunc.), 402. Plate xxi

Myriophyllum (Halor.), 616

Myrrhis, -638

MYRTACE^E, 601, 916

Myrtales, 916

Myrteola (Myrtac.), 602

Myrtle Fam., 601, 916

Myrtus, 603

MYZODENDRACE^E, 336, 91 1

Myzodendron, 21, 337. Plate xiv

•VTAHUEL-CATSCHU, 217

^ Nama (Hydroph.), 675

Nanodea (Santal.), 339, -720

Nardophyllum (Comp.), 783, 963. PI. xxvii

Nasella (Gram.), -176

Nassaea (Nassauvia), 875

Nassauvia (Comp.), 875, 947. PI. xxviii,xxx

Nassauvinae, 772

Nastanthus (Cabycer.), 763

Nasturtion (Trop.), 543

Nasturtium (Cruc.), -433

Navarettia (Polem.), -671

Neckera (Musci), 116

Nemastylis (Irid.), 313

Nertera (Rubiac.), 740

Nettle Fam., 330

New Zealand relations, 951

Nicotiana (Solan.), -710

Niederleinia (Frank.), 580

Nierembergia (Solan.), 711

Night-shade, 706

Nitrophila (Chen.), 355

Noteroclada (Hepat.), 37, 61

Nothites (Comp.), -774

Nothofagus (Fag.), 9, 20, 26, 31, 326, -338,

946, 953- Plate xiv
Notophaena (Rhamn.), -563

NYCTAGINACE;E, 376, 911

(Avena), 206

Ochetophila (Rhamn.), -566
Ocimum (Labiat), 698
CEnothera (Onagr.), 611
OLACACE.E, 344, 91 1
OLEACE.E, 657, 917
Oligandra, 817
Oliva (Plazia, Comp.), -868
Olive Fam., 657, 917
Onagra, -6n
ONAGRACE^E, 606, 916
Oncophorus (Musci), 107
Ophioglossaceae, 127
Ophioglossum (Filices), 127
Opuntia (Cact), 593
Opuntiales, 916
ORCHIDACE^E, 320, 910
Orchidales, 910
Orchid Fam., 320, 910
Orders and families, 907
Oreobolus (Cyper.), 7, 256, 266
Oreomyrrhis (Umbel.), 638
Oreopolus (Rub.), -739
Origin of Patagonian Flora, 945
Orthodontium (Musci), 112
Orthotrichum (Musci), 64, 80, no, 122.

Plate viii, ix

Oryzopsis (Gram.), 156, 177
Osmorrhiza (Umbel.), 15, 637
Osteospermum (Comp.), -861
Ostrich-wood, 691
Ourisia (Scroph.), 723, 951
Ovidia (Thymel.), 598 (and Supp. p. 962)

OXALIDACE^E, 536, 914

Oxalis, 537

Oxybaphus (Nyct.), -376
Oxyclados (Scroph.), -719
Oxygraphis (Ranunc.), 403

pAMPAS-GRASS (Gynerium), 213

Pampas-tea, 698
Panargyrus (Nassauvia), 876
Pandanales, 908

INDEX.

977

Paniceae, 155

Panicularia (Gram.), 159, 219

Panicum (Gram.), 155, 163

PAPAVERACEvE, 421, 912

Papilionaceae (Legum.), 486, 495

Pappophorum (Gram.), 158, 211

Pappostipa, 169

Parietales, 915

Parietaria (Urt), 333

Paronychia (Caryoph.), 396

Parsley (Apium), 639

Parsnip (Pastinaca), 642

Parthenium (Comp.), 820

Paspalum (Gram.), 155, 162

Passiflora, 585

PASSIFLORACE.E, 584, 916

Passion-flower Fam, 584, 916

Pastinaca (Umbel.), 642

Patagonia, 945. Map, plates ii, iii

Patagonium (Leg.), 488, 509

Patagonula (Borr.), 676

Pavonia (Malv.), 577

Pea Fam., 485, 913

Pearl-wort (Sagina), 390

Peat-bogs, 16

Pectocarya (Borr.), 677

Pectophytum (Umbel.), -625

Penny- royal (Hedeoma), 697

Pentacasna (Caryoph.), -397

Pentastichella (Musci), in, 122

Peplis (Lythr.), 599

Peppergrass, 425

Pereskia, -595

Perezia (Comp.), 892. Plate xxix

Perilomia (Labiat.)

Pernettya (Eric.), 6, 645, -649

Petroselinum (Umbel.), -640

Petunia (Solan.), -699, 710

Pfaffia (Amarant), 375

Phaca (Leg.), -503

Phacelia (Hydroph.), 674

Phalarideae (Gram.), 156

Phalaris, 156, 167

PHANEROGAMIA, 139, 908

Philesia (Liliac.), 17, 308. Plate xiii

Philippiella (Caryoph.), 397

Philonotis (Musci), 97, 115

Phleum (Gram.), 156, 178

Phlox Fam, 667, 918

Phlox (Polem.), 668

Phragmites (Gramin.), 158, 212

Phrygilanthus (Loranth.), -336

Phylica (Rhamn.), -562

Phyllachne (Cand.), 756

Phyllactis (sub Valeriana), -745

Physalis (Solan.), 705

Pigafettoa (Hepat), 54

Pilea (Urtic.), -332

Pilotrichella (Musci), 5, 116

PINACE^E, 140, 908

Pineapple Fam. (Brom.), 293, 910

Pines, 140, 908

Pinguicula (Lentib.), 730

Pink Fam., 382, 912

Piptochaetium (Gram.), -178

Pirus (Ros.), 469

Pistia (Arac.), 289

Plagianthus (Malv.), 572

Plagiobotrys (Borr.), 679

Plagiochila (Hepat.), 53, 54, 61. Plate vi

Plagiothecium (Musci), TOO, 117. Plate xi

PLANTAGINACE^E, 731, 919

Plantaginales, 919

Plantaginella, 731, 953

Plantago, 731. Plate xxv

Plantain Fam., 731, 919

Plant-regions, 950

Plazia (Comp.), 868

Plectritis (Valer.), -750

PLEUROCARPINE^E (Musci), 99, 115, 123

Pleuropappus (Tessaria), -810

Pleurophora (Lythr.), 601

Pluchea (Comp.), 810

Plum, 485

PLUMBAGINACE.E, 654, 917

Poa (Gram.), 154, 159, 221, -233

Podocarpese (Conif.), 142, 908

Podocarpus, 142

Pogonia (Orch.), -324

Poinciana (Leg.), 486, -490, 492

978

INDEX.

POLEMONIACE^;, 667, 918

Polemonium, -671, 672
Polygala, 546
POLYGALACE.E, 546, 914

POLYGONACE.E, 345, 9! I

Polygonales, 911

Polygonum, 351

POLYPODIACE.E, 131

Polypodium (Filices), 6, -133, 134

Polypogon (Gram.), 157, 181

Polystichum (Filices), -132

Polytrichadelphus (Musci), 63, 99, 115, 123

Polytrichum (Musci), 99, 115, 123

Pondweed, 147, 909

Poppy Fam., 421, 912

Porella (Hepat.), 55

Portulaca, 381

PORTULACACE^E, 378, 912

Potamogeton, 147

POTAMOGETONACE.E, 147, 909

Potato, 707

Potato Fam., 698, 919

Potentilla (Ros.), 470

Pottia, Pottiacese (Musci), 75, 109, 121

Pouteria (Sapot.), 657 (and Supp. p. 963)

Pozoa (Umbel.), -625

Pratia (Camp.), 753

Prickly Pear, 593

Primrose, 650, 917

Primula, 650

PRIMULACE.E, 650, 917

Primulales, 917

Proboscidia (Martyn.), 730

Prosopanche (Hydn.), 345 (and Supp. p. 962)

Prosopis (Leg.), 486, 489

PROTEACE;E, 333, 910, 953

Proteales, 910

Proustia (Comp.), 868

Prunus (Ros.), 485

Pseudopanax (Aral.), 619

Psilocarphus (Comp.), 811

Psilopilum (Musci), 115

Psychrophila (Ran.), -399

Pteridophyta, 127

Pterocactus (Cact.), 596 (and Supp. p. 962)

Pteronia (Comp.), -783
Pterostephanus (Comp.)
Pterygophyllum (Musci), 117, I2J
Ptychcjmitrium (Musci), no
Ptychomnium (Musci), 118
Purslane, 378, 381, 912
Pyrus (Ros.), 469

QUILA (Gram.), 5, 23, -56
Quill-wort, 138
Quinchamalium (Sant.), 342
Quince (Ros.), 468
Quin-quin (Uncinia), 271
Quintial, 336

O ADISH, 433

Radula (Hepat.), 56, 61
Ragweed (Ambrosia), 820
Ranales, 912

RANUNCULACEvE, 398, 912

Ranunculus, 404

Rape, 432

Raphanus (Crucif.), 433

Rauli (Fagac.), 328

Red-top, 184

Reseda, 455

RESEDACE.E, 454, 913

RESTIONACE^E, 292, 909

Rhabdoweisiese, 108

Rhacocarpus (Musci), 115

Rhacoma (Celastr.), 560

Rhacomitrium (Musci), 64, 79, no, 122

RHAMNACE.E, 561, 915

Rhamnales, 915

Rhaphidostegium (Musci), 118, 124

Rhaphithamnus (Verben.), 693

Rhinanthoidese, 714

Rhizogonium (Musci), 64, 96, 113

Rhododendron, -644

Rhodostachys (Brom.), -295

Rhoeadales, 912

Rhynchosia (Leg.), 488, 531

Rhynchostegium (Musci), 125

Ribes (Saxifr.), 464

Riccardia (Hepat.), 39, 61

INDEX.

979

Rigodium (Musci), 119, 125
Roripa (Crucif.), 433
ROSACES, 467, 913
Resales, 913
Rose-Fam., 467, 913
Rostkovia (June.), 296
Roubieva (Chen.), 361
RUBIACE.E, 738, 919
Rubiales, 919
Rubus (Rosac.), 469
Rumex (Polygon.), 347
Ruppia (Potam.), 147
Rush, 296
Rush-fam., 295, 910
Rye-grass, 244, 252

C AFFLOWER, 862

Sagina (Caryoph.), 390, -392
Sagittaria (Alism.), 153
St. John's-wort, 578, 915
SALICACE^E, 325, 910
Salicales, 910
Salicornia (Chen.), 368
Salix, 325

Salpichroa (Solan.), 707
SALVINIACE^E, 135
Samolus (Prim.), 652. Plate xxi
Sandalwood Fam., 338, 911
Sandspurrey, 395
Sandwort, 393
Sanicula (Umbel.), 635
SANTALACE^:, 338, 911
Santalales, 911
Sapindales, 914
SAPOTACE.E, 656, 917
Sarmienta (Gesn.), 729
Sarraceniales, 913

Satureia (Labiat), 697. Plate xxiv
Savastana (Gram.), -156, -166
Savory, 697

Saxegothea (Podocarp.), 20, 142
Saxifrage, Saxifraga, 457
SAXIFRAGACE^E, 457, 913
Schinus (Anacard.), 558
Schistochila (Hepat.), 56, 62

Schizasa (Filices), 17, 135

Schizaeaceae, 135

Schizeilema (Umbel.), -625

Schizopetalum (Crucif.), 439

Schlotheimia (Musci), HI

Schcenodon (Rest.), 16, -292

Sciaromium (Musci), 101, 119. Plate xi

Scirpus (Cyper.), 16, 256, 259

Scleranthus (Caryoph.), -383

Scoparia (Scroph.), 721

Scouleria (Musci), no

SCROPHULARICE;E, 713, 919

Scutellaria (Labiat.), 695. Plate xxiv

Scyphanthus (Loas.), 589

Sea-grapes, 144

Sea-lavender (Limonium), 656

Sea-pink, 654

Sedges, 256, 273, 909

Seed-bearing Plants, 140

Seligerieae, 108, 121

Selliera (Gooden.), 755

Sematophyllaceae, 118, 126

Senebiera (Crucif.), -427

Senecio (Comp.), 833. Plate xxx

Senecioneae (Comp.), 765, 770

Sepalo-petalous, 908 note

Serpyllopsis (Trichomanes), -128

Sesuvium (Aizoac.), 377

Setaria (Gram.), 156, 164

Shepherd's-purse, 440

Sida (Malv.), 572

Sieglingia (Gram.), 158, 214

Sieversia (Ros.), -471

Silene (Caryoph.), 383

Silver-weed, 470

Silybum (Comp.), 861

Sinapis (Crucif.), -432

Sison, -640

Sisyrhinchium (Irid.), 314

Sisymbrium (Crucif.), 429, -447, -453

Sium (Umbel.), 641

Snapdragon Fam., 713, 919

SOLANACE^E, 698, 919

Solanum, 705
Solidago (Comp.), 784

980

INDEX.

Sonchus (Comp.), 901

Sophia (Crucif.), 447

Sophora (Legum.), 487. 495

Sorrel (Rumex), 347

Sow-thistle (Sonchus), 902

Spartina (Gram.), 159, 208

Specularia (Camp.), -752

Spergularia (Caryoph.), -395

SPERMATOPHYTA, 140, 908

Sphseralcea (Malv.), 570

Sphaerostigma (Onagr.), -614

SPHAGNACE.E, (Sphagnales), 16, 65, 105, 120

Sphagnum, 16, 65, 105, 120

Spike- rush (Heleocharis), 263

Spilanthes (Comp.), 823

Spinach, 378

Spiraea (Ros.), 468

Spirodela (Lemnac.), 290

Spirostachys (Chenop.), 367

Splachnaceae, 112

Sporobolus (Gram.), 157, 180

Spurge Fam. (Euphorb.), 551, 914

Squirrel-tail-grass, 249

Staaten Island (Staten I.), 947

Stachys (Labiat.), 696

Staff-tree Fam., 559, 915

Star-grass (Sisyrinch.), 315

Starwort, 556, 914

Statice (Plumb.), 654, -656

Statistics of Flora, 950

Stellaria (Caryoph.), -385

Stemodia (Scroph.), 719

Stenophyllus (Cyperac.), 256, 266

Steppe-district, 28, 949

Steppe-flora, 29, 31, 949

Stereodon (Musci), 118

Stereophyllum (Musci), 119

Stevia (Comp.), 773

Sticta, Stictaceae, 4

Stipa (Gram.), 156, 168, -178

Stone-crop Fam., 456, 913

Stone- wort (Chara), 126

Stork's-bill (Erodium), 535, 949

Strawberry, 470

Streptodesmia (Legum.), -513

Strongyloma (Nassauvia), 875
Strongylomopsis, 886
Strychnia Fam. (Logan.), 658, 917
STYLIDIE.E (Candolleac.), 756, 920
Suaeda (Chenop.), -369
Sumach Fam., 558, 914
Sundew Fam., 455, 913
Susarium (Irid.), -318
Sympetals, 644, 917

Symphyostemon (Irid.), 318 (and Supp. p.
961)

'-T AGETES (Comp.), 827

Talinum (Portulac.), -382
Tape-grass, 153, 909
Tapeinia (Irid.), 319
Taraxacum (Comp.), 900
Tarweed (Madia), 824
TAXACE.E, 142, 908
Taxus (Saxegothea), 142
Tchelia (Berberis), 417
Tea, Pampas, 697
Teasel Fam., 750, 920
Tecoma (Bignon.), 728
Tepals, tepaliferous, 908, note
Tepualia (Myrt), 21, 605
Tessaria (Comp.), 810
Tetraglochin (Ros.), 474
Tetragonia (Aizoac.), -372, 378
Tetraplodon (Musci), 112
Tetrapogon (Gram.), 159, 211
Tetroncium (Juncag.), 7, 150
Thamnium (Musci), 116
Thelesperma (Comp.), 824
Thistle, 861
Thlaspi (Crucif.), 428
Three-awned Grass, 168
Three-square (Scirpus), 260
Thrift, 654

Thuidium (Musci), 124
Thuja (Cupress.), -142
THYMEL^ACE^E, 597, 916
Tillaea (Crass.), -456
Tillandsia (Bromel.), 293
Timothy-grass (Gram.), 178

INDEX.

981

Tissa (Caryoph.), -395

Toad-flax, 719

Topography, 937

Tragacantha (Legum.), 488, -505, 508

Trefoil, 501

Trees, absence of, 950

Trevoa (Rhamn.), 562

Triachne (Cotnp.), -895

Trianthus (Comp.), -885

Tribeles (Saxifr.), 461

Trichloris (Gramin.), 159, 210

Trichocline (Comp.), 873

Trichocolea (Hepat), 42, 56, 62

Trichomanes, 128

Tricondylus (Proteac.), 334

Tricuspidaria (Elseoc.), -568

Tricycla (Bougainv.), -377

Trifolieae, 487

Trifolium (Legum.), 487, 501

Triglochin (Juncag.), 151 •

Triodia (Gram.), -158, -214

Triptilion (Comp.), 885. Plate xxx

Trisetum (Gram.), 157, 203 (and Supp. p.

961)
Tristagma (Liliac.), -304, 306 (and Supp.

p. 961)

Triteleia (Liliac.), 304
Triticum (Gram.), -245
TROP/EOLACE.E, 543, 914
Tropaeolum, 543, -544
Tropical forms in Patag., 65
Troximon (Comp.), 902
Trumpet-creeper Fam., 727
Tubiflorales, 918
Tupeia (Loranth.), -336
Turnip, 432

Turrigera (Asclep.), 664
Turritis (Crucif.), -451
Tussock-grass, 227, 947
Tylimanthus (Hepat.), 56, 62. Plate vi
Typha, 146
TYPHACE^E, 146, 909

T JGNI (Myrt.), 602

^ Ulex (Legum.), 487, 499, 952

Ulota (Musci), 7, 64, 82, no, 122, 417. PI. ix

Umbellales, 916

UMBELLIFER^:, 619, 916

Uncinia (Cyperac.), 257, 268, 951

Unicorn-plant Fam., 730, 919

Urtica, 331

URTICACE^:, 330, 910

Urticales, 910

Usillo, 867

Usnea, 29

UTRICULARIACE.E, (Lentibulariaceae) 730, 919

WACCINIUM (Eric.), 648

Valeriana, 74^
VALERIANACE^E, 744, 919
Valerianella, 750
Valerian Fam., 744, 919
Vallisneria, 153
VALLISNERIACE^, 153, 909
Vegetation of W. Patagon., i
Velvet-grass (Holcus), 196
Venus's Looking-glass, 752
Verbena, 68 1. Plate xxiii
VERBENACE^:, 680, 918.
Verbesina (Comp.), 823
Vernal-grass (Anthox.), 166
Vernonia (Comp.), 773
Vernoniese, 765, 766
Veronica (Scroph.), 722, 946
Vervain (Verbena), 68 1
Vesicaria (Crucif.), -439
Vetch, 521

Vicia (Legum.), 488, 521. Plate xx
Vicieae (Legum.), 488
Villanova (Comp.), 825
Viola, 580
VJOLACE^:, 580, 915
Violet Fam., 580, 915
Vittadinia (Comp.), 797, 953
Vulpia (Gram.), Supp. p. 961

vyAHLENBERGIA (Campan.), 752

Wall-barley, 250
Washingtonia (Umbel.), -637
Water-chickweed, 381

982

INDEX.

Water-cress (Roripa), 434

Water-ferns, 135

Waterleaf-Fam., 673, 918

Water-milfoil, 615, 916

Water-plantain, 152, 909

Water-starwort, 556, 914

Weather-glass, 653

Webera (Musci), 64, 94, -97, 113, 123. PI. x

Wedelia (Comp.), 822

Weinmannia (Cunon.), 466, 95^

Wendtia (Geran.), 536

Wheat-grass, 245

Whitlow-grass (Draba), 441

Whorl-grass (Catabrosa), 216

Wild-barley, 251

Wild-rye (Elymus), 252

Willow Fam., 325, 910

Willow-herb, 607

Willugbsea (Comp.), 777

Wilsonia (Convolv.), 666

Windmannia (Cun.), -466, 953

Winter's-bark (Drimys), 6, 419

Wiry grass (Deschamp.), 199, 947
Wolffia (Lemn.), -290
Wolffiella (Lemn.), 291
Woodsorrel (Oxalis), 537
Wormwood (Artemisia), 832

VANTHIUM (Comp.), 821
•**• Xeranthus (Portul.), -381
Ximenesia (Comp.), -823
Ximenia (Olac.), 344

ARROW (Achillea), 829

Yerba de Perdiz, 474
Yew Fam., 142

yEPHYRANTHES (Amaryl.), 310
Zizaniopsis (Gramin.), 156, 166
Zuccagnia (Legum.), 486, 494
Zygodon (Musci), 84, in, 122. Plate ix
ZYGOPHYLLACE^E, 544, 914

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

PAGE

BERBERIS VIRGATA Ruiz & Pav 418

The central figure gives the general habit ; of natural size.

e, flower, two sepals removed.

f, flower, opened.

/, leafy bracts enclosing the flower.

li, leaf-insertion.

ov, ovary, longitudinal section.

/, petal.

se, seed-vessel, transverse section.

sp, sepal.

sta, stamens.

(VOL. vin)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. vm.

rlATE XV

sta

'F.v.Itersoa del., J.N.Ktch

U) imp

HERBERTS VIRGATA., R kP

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI

PAGE

HAMADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES Sprague 4'4

The central figure gives the general habit ; of natural size.

d, fruit-head, magnified.
f,f, flower, natural size and magnified.

/, leaf ; Ic, sheathing leaves ; //, leaf-bud.
ov, ovules.
p, petals.
sp, sepals. The latter figures are all magnified.

PAGE

ARJONA TUBEROSA LANATA, n. var 342

The two upper figures show the differing habit of two specimens ; of
natural size. The other figures are magnified.

a, andrecium, on the throat of the calyx-tube.
an, anthers.

b, bract ; 6a, inner bract.
6r, bulbous root.

f, flower. *

i, insertion of flower amidjthe bracts, which are moved apart.
/, leaves.

se, cross-section of seed-vessel.

To right of a, the gynecium ; to the left of a, the ovary in longitudinal
section showing the seed. To the left of b, a lateral view of the bracted
flower.

(VOL. viu)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. vm.

PLATE xvi.

F.v Iterson del , J.N.Filchlith.

"W«st , Newrn . - •

•-TADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES (Sprague)

ARJONA TUBEROSA LANATA.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

PAGE

HEXAPTERA NORDENSKJOLDI D.us6n 425

The central figure shows the general habit ; of natural size.
co, cross-section of ovary.
es, essential organs of the flower.
f, flower, general view.
fr, fruit.

/, leaves.

ov, embryo, side view, and cross-section.
/, petal.

s, sepals, their inner and lateral aspect.
sd, seed. The latter figures are all magnified.

(VOL. viu)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VoL.vm.

PLATE xvii.

£ .'• .

''"^J^fc

•

.«&-. -*

: ..V---- • •<-•-

F v Iteraan del. J.N. Pitch Irth

West, Newman imp

HEXAPTERA NORDSNSKJOLDH,

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS I BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

PAGE

A. DRABA MAGELLANICA Lamarck . 445

Above in the center is shown the general habit ; of natural size ; and on the
left a specimen in frtiit.
.f, flower.
g, gynecium.
h, hairs.
p, petal.
sp, sepals. All these are magnified.

PAGE

B. DRABA HATCHERIANA Gilg, n. sp. . 444

The central figure shows the general habit ; of natural size ; above is a flower-
bearing branch, slightly magnified.

e, essential organs.

f, flower.
p, petal.

sp, sepals. All these are magnified.

(VOL. vm)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, V©L vm.

PLA

$

F v Itei»son del., .1 N Fitch lith

•

A.DRABA MAGELLAN1CA. Lam,.

E.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

PAGE
PINNATIFIDA Ruiz & PaV. . . . . . . . . 482

The main figure gives the general habit ; of natural size.
fl, flower, showing the bracts and spines.
fr, fruit.
gl, glochidiate spine. These figures are magnified.

(VOL. vin)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII.

PLATE xix.

F v.Iterson del. J.N.FitcK

ACAENA PINNATIFIDA, RkP.

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.

PAGE

VICIA BIJUGA Gillies .522

The main figure gives the general habit ; of natural size.
a, ala of flower.
c, carina.
f, young fruit.
/, leaf.
st, stipules.
v, vexillum (standard) of flower. These figures are all magnified.

(VOL. vm)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL. vm.

PLATE xx

Fv.lterson del. J.N.Fiicklith.

West. Newman imp

VICIA BIJUGA (GillJ

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.

PAGE

A. ABUTILON VIDALII (Philippi) Speg 570

Main figure being a branch about natural size.

e, essential organs.

f, gynecium.

h, stellate hairs.

o, ovule ; below o, a cross-section of ovary.

s, a longitudinal section of ovary.

si, stipules, subtending petiole and pedicel.

M. MYOSURUS GRACILIS Spegazzini ........ 403

Three general figures, of natural size, and magnified, to show the habit.
a, achenes, one of them in section, showing the seed.
fl, flower.
s, sepal and stamen.

These figures all magnified.

.S. SAMOLUS SPATHULATUS Cavanilles .652

The central figure shows the general habit, of natural size.
c, corolla, bearing stamens and staminodes.
f, flower.

fr, fruit, 2 sepals partially severed from it.
o, ovule.
os, ovary-sections, showing seeds.

These figures all magnified.

(VOL. vni.)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VHI.

PLATE XXL

F.v.Iterson del., J.N.Fitch lith .

West, Newman imp.

A.ABUTILON VIDALII (FhJ M. MYOSURUS GRACILIS (Speg.)

S. SAMCXLUS SPATHULATUS

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.

PAGE

A. AZORELLA OESPITOSA Cav. . . . . . . . . . 627

es, essential organs of the flower, showing also the calyx-teeth and
the stylopodium.

f, flower \ fb, unopened flowers, and bracts.
fl, floral leaves and opening umbel.

g, gynecium with subtending bract.
hb, habit, natural size.

/, older leaves.

s, seeds, ventral aspect and dorso-lateral section.

All magnified, except hb.

B. ANEMONE MULTIFIDA Poir . . . . . . . . . 401

General habit, natural size, showing the flower and also the fruit.
a, an achene, magnified.

(VOL. vm.)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII.

PLATE xxii.

B

F.v.Iterson del J.N. Fitch lith.

Wesl.Newman chr

A.AZORELLA CM SPITOSA .Cav.

B. ANEMONE MULTIFIDA Pair

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.

PAGE.

VERBENA CARROO Spegazzini . . . 684

b, bract, this year's leaf.
ca, calyx, spread out.

co, corolla, spread out so as to show the stamens.

dl, decussate leaves, on short branches, side views, and also from above.
fr, fruit in section.

gy, gynecium and lateral view of fruit.
hb, general habit, natural size.
in, inflorescence, with bracts and this year's leaves.
/, leaves of abortive branchlets.

All except hb enlarged.

( VOL. vin. )

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII.

PLATE xxm.

dl

CO

fr

in

F.vlterson del. J.N.Fitch lith.

Wesl, Newman ohr.

VERBENA CARROO Speg.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.

PAGE.

A. SCUTELLARIA NUMMULARI^EFOLIA Hook. f. . . . . . 695

B. SATUREIA DARWINII (Benth. sub Micromeria) Briq. . . . . 697

ca, calyx.

co, corolla with andrecium.
/"(in A\ flower.
gy, gynecium.
h, general habit.

i (in £}, inflorescence, and general view of the flowers and leaves.
// (in A), leaves.

n (in A], node with section of stem.
s, nucule with seed.

h, h, are of the natural size, the others somewhat magnified.

(VOL. vm.)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII.

PLATE xxiv.

f ' ; i

CO

F.v.Iterson del. J.N.Fitch lith.

West, Newman chr.

A. SCUTELLARIA NUMMULARIJEFOLIA..^^. f.
B. SATUREIA DARWINII, (Benth,.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.

PAGE

A. PLANTAGO BARBATA Forst 73 2

B. P. MONANTHOS d'Urv 736

C. P. CCELORHIZA Morris & Macl 734

Explanation of reference letters:

a (in B\ apex of leaf.
an, andrecium, inserted on the corolla.
b, bracts (in C enclosing the ovary).
e (in C), embryo in sectioned-seed.
fl, flower (in C enclosed by the bracts).
gy, gynecium, ovary and style.
gs, gynecium (ovary) in section.
h, habit of plant, showing its leaves, inflorescence, and rootstock.

/ (in B and C), enlarged leaf.
ov, ovary, with the sepals detached.

r (in C), rootstock, sectioned, showing its hollow structure (in this species).
s (in C), seta of leaf.
sp (in A], spike.

ss (in A and C), seeds, in the opened fruit, and one separate.
Figs, h and r of the natural size ; the others magnified.

( VOL. VIII. )

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII

PLATE

br

F.vlterson del. J.N.Fitch lith.

West.Mewman chr.

A. PLANTAGO BARBATA Forst. B. P. MONANTHOS d'lfrv.
C P. CCELORHIZA Morris & Mad.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI.

PAGE

BOOPIS SCAPIGERA Remy 761

Central figure, showing general habit, with the scapes and flower-heads and
radical leaves.

a, andrecium.

a, (lower) part of andrecium and perianth-leaves.
br, bracts and young heads.

c, crown of root, showing the radiating scapes and petioles.
fb,fb, capitulum in bud and expanded.
f,f, flowers.

fr, fruit, in section.
gy> gy> gynecium.

h, head (from underneath).

All except the central figure are somewhat magnified. (Delete " Gag"

from the name.)

(VOL. vm.)

PATAQONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VHI.

PLATE xxvi.

AJT

cb

U

cp

F.v.Iterson del. J.N. Fitch lith.

West. Newman chr.

BOOPIS SCAPIGEF

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.

PAGE

A. LEPIDOPHYLLUM CUPRESSIFORME (Pers.) Cass. ..... 782

B. NARDOPHYLLUM HUMILE (Hook, f.) A. Gray. . . . . 783

In both species :

a, andrecium within the opened corolla of a disk-flower.
b (in B}, a leafy branch.
be, a branch with its leaves and the terminal capitulum.

f, disk-flower, showing the gynecium and the pappus. Beside this in A is a

pappus-pale, and above it in B, a pappus-seta.

g, gynecium, dissected so as to show the erect ovule and the style and stigmas.
h, general habit of the plant.

/, leaves.

Ig (in A), ligule of a ray-flower, as seen at rf, which is a ray-flower.

s, style branches of A; in B these are seen in fig. g.

In A, the be on the right side is attended by one of its inner involucral scales,
and by a young achene. The corresponding figure of B has two involucral scales
separately shown : b of B is a young branch with subsessile capitula.

All the figures except h, h, are magnified : h, h, are of the natural size.

(VOL. vni.)

PATAO- ONJAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL .vm .

PLATE xxvn.

B

a

F.vlterson del. J.N.Pitchiith

Wesi.Newman chr

A. KEPIDOPHYLLUM CUPRE SSIFORME (Pers.) Cass.
B. NARDOPHYLLUM HUMILE (ffook.HUA.Gray.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.

PAGE.

A. NASSAUVIA NORDENSKJOLDII O. Hoffmann 88 1

B. N. BRYOIDES O. Hoffmann 878

a, andrecium.

b, branch with terminal capitulum (in B), with terminal glomerulus

(in A) ; also exhibiting the peculiar leaf-growth.

c, capitulum, with involucre.

co (in A], corolla, expanded to show its bilabiate form.

f, flowers, from different sides ; one in B from inside showing stamens.

g, gynecium, with style, and (in B) its silky indument.
h, general habit.

i, involucral scales and bracts.

/, leaves.

Ib (in B}, terminal leaf-rosette.

p, paleae of pappus.

st, style-branches.

h, h, are of natural size, the other figures modified.
(Note, the title of the plate has misprints in the words NASSAUVIA and BRYOIDES.)

(VOL. VIM.)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL.VIII.

PLATE XXVIIL

A

F.vlterson del. J.N.Pitch lith.

West, Newman chr.

A. NASSANVIA NORDENSKJOLDII O.ffoffm-.
B . N . C RYO IDES O. ffoffm,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.

PAGE.

PEREZIA RECURVATA (Vahl) Less 896

an, an, andrecium, the lower figure showing its insertion in the tube of the

bilabiate corolla.
b, leaf-bud.

ce, corolla of disk-flower, with essential organs.
df, df, disk-flower, the lower with the enclosing pappus, the upper passe,

with pappus expanded.
gy, gynecium.
//, h, general habit of plant.

i, involucral scales.

/, /, leaves; la, leaf-apex; Is, leaf-section.
p, pappus ; PS, one of its setae ; st, style-branches.

h, h, are of natural size ; the other figures magnified.

( VOL. VIII. )

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. vnr.

PLATE xxix.

F.vlterson del. J.N.Fitch iith.

West.New.ii..

PEREZ I A RECURVATA

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX.
(Prepared in Berlin through the courtesy of Dr. O. Hoffmann.)

NEW COMPOSITE

PAGE

A. SENECIO HATCHERIANUS O. Hoffm. ........ 847

B. SENECIO DUSENII O. Hoffm 844

C. D. NASSAUVIA DUSENII O. Hoffm. ........ 879

E. TRIPTILION DUSENII O. Hoffm. ........ 885

All of natural size, and showing the general habit.

(VOL. vin)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII.

PLATE xxx.

Werner i Winter. Frankfort *.K.. lirh.

NEW COMPOSITAE.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI.

PAGE

BACCHARIS URVILLEANA Brongn. 810

This plate, of an undescribed species, is a replica of Plate 61 in Brongniart's
Voyage de la Coquille (1828-29). Prepared for us through the courtesy of Professor
Lloyd and of the New York Botanical Garden.

A. Branch of fertile plant, showing the opposite leaves, and the corymbed heads

of pistillate flowers.

B. Branchlet of the sterile plant, with its heads of hermaphrodite, non-fertile

flowers.

Figs, i, 2. Fertile capitulum, and a flower of the same ; the latter showing the prob-
ably 5-costate achenium.

3. Style-branches of the fertile flower.

4. Tip of one of the bristles of the pappus, much magnified.

4, 6, 7. A sterile (hermaphrodite) capitulum, also one of its rudimental ovaries,

and one of its flowers, with the protruding stamens.
8. Two of the anthers, showing their apical appendage, and their basal

rounded lobes.
Figs, i and 5 also show the imbricating, subequal, involucral scales.

(VOL. vin.)

PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII.

Vjy de la Coquille .

PLATE xxxi.
PI. 61.

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