SlANf, % '** %■ REPORT to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board July 1, 1956 through June 30, 1957 Helena, Montana July 1, 1957 Honorable J. Hugo Aronson Governor of Montana Helena, Montana Dear Governor Aronson : In compliance with Title 45, Section 242, Revised Codes of Montana, 1947, vre transmit herewith the report of the State Veterinary Surgeon to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Beard for the period July 1, 1956, through June 30, 1S57. Respectfully submitted, MEEE3A LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD if33T3C£_3;.:!IT£r ^ J. W. SAFFORD, Executive Officer. MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD * -::- * John W. Black, Hinsdale, President William G. Eagen, Townsend, Vice-President Lyman Brex'/ster, Birney Jce C. King, Lewistown Melvin Peterson, 'Wisdom Archie Wilson, Jr., St. Xavier JOHN W. SAFFORD Executive Officer State Veterinarian Helena, Montana July 1, 1957 Honorable Livestock Sanitary Board Helena, Montana Gentlemen: In compliance with Title 46, Section 242, P. CM., 1947, I submit the report of the Executive Officer to the Livestock Sanitary Board for the year ending June 30, 1957. year. There were four meetings of the Livestock Sanitary Board during the A meeting was held in Helena, September 23, 1955. A meeting was held in Billings, December 4, 1955. A meeting was held in Helena, March 19, 1957. A meeting was held in Butte, May 23 and 24, 1957. At these meetings the varied activities and responsibilities of the Livestock Sanitary Board were discussed and acted upon. All actions taken and regulations and orders issued by the Executive Officer, in the interim between meetings of the Board, were approved. The complete minutes of all meetings are on file in the State Veterin- arian's office at the Livestock Building at the Capitol in Helena. FOREWORD Dr. Hadleigh Marsh, upon expiration of his tx-/c-year leave of absence from his position at the Veterinary Research Laboratory, Montana State College, relinquished his duties to the present Executive Officer and State Veterinarian December 1, 1956. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Doctor Marsh for the advice and assistance given me in taking over this very responsible position. Montana iivestockmen have been fortunate this past year. Excellent calf and lamb crops were generally reported. Many areas have not seen such an abundance of hay and grass in a long time. There have been no serious disease developments demanding extraordinary regulatory action. Demands for services from this department continue to increase in the fields of livestock and poultry disease control, meat inspection, slaughterhouse inspection, dairy, milk plant, and milk inspection, and laboratory diagnostic work. The essential demands should be met in order to continue to keep our livestock healthy and vigorous and assure cur people a safe meat and milk supply. We are a cattle and sheep exporting state. As long as our livestock are -1- free from disease, there will always be a demand for them. Let the herds and flocks be riddled with disease, they are not only uneconomical to produce but are discriminated against by our markets. It is a pleasure to report to the Hoard that the field, laboratory, and office staff of this department and the Montana Veterinary Medical profession, through a coordinated effort, are dedicated to keeping Montana's very important livestock industry as healthy as scientifically possible, and dedicated to assur- ing Montana people a safe, wholesome meat and milk supply. CATTLE DISEASES Anthrax, Montana, at the end of this fiscal year, has gone four years without having anthrax reported.. In the past, several areas have had quite serious loss- es from this dangerous disease. Since the organism that causes the disease is a spore-former and can live for long periods in the soil, it is important to keep on the alert for recurrences of anthrax in these areas. Anaplasmosis. No cases of anaplasmosis were reported out of the known infected areas in the state. Thirty-one cases were reported in 19 herds. It is suspect- ed that many cases are not reported, because cattlemen in the known infected areas state this disease to be the most serious they have to contend with. The North Montana Experiment Station herd was retested, using the complement -fixation test, again in December 1955. There were no significant re- actions. This makes the third year the herd has remained free of anaplasmosis reactors since their removal in December 19E3. Trie fact that this herd has re- mained free of the disease is particularly significant, when it is known infected Indian cattle graze across a fence during the summer months. The Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory conducts the tests and was furnished a limited supply of antigen by the Animal Disease and Parasite Eranch of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Control irork, using the complement-fixation test to detect and elimi- nate carrier animals, is apparently meeting with success in Hawaii and in a small area on the East Coast. Recent reports indicate that feeding of certain antibi- otics is effective in ridding the animal of the disease-carrier state. Three years ago, the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory demonstrated the admini- stration of aurecmycin effectively eliminated the carrier state of anaplasmosis. It appears that with the recent advancements in the use of antibiotics, the complement-fixation test, and with more information on the role of reactors, practical control of anaplasmosis will soon become a reality. Brucellosis. Bovine brucellosis eradication in Montana is the major program of this department and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease Eradication Division cooperating. At the end of the fis- cal year, 57 counties have been declared raodif ied-certif ied brucellosis-free. Two of the counties were recertified during the year. It appears that by the -2- end of the calendar year 50 counties ^^ri.ll be certified as modified brucellosis- free. During the past fiscal year 302,432 cattle were tested for brucellosis, with 2,877 reactors, revealing an infection rate of 0.95%, This is the lowest infection rate, determined by the agglutination test, since testing began in 1931. In 1931 23% of the cattle tested were brucellosis reactors. (See Graph I.) There were 295,453 calves vaccinated with Brucella abortus. Strain 19, vaccine during the fiscal year. There seems to be a tendency in seme parts of the state to not be as conscientious in seeing that all replacement heifer calves are vaccinated against brucellosis. There is a general tendency to become com- placent concerning brucellosis, once the county becomes "modified-certif ied brucellcsis-free". This term, is used as a "measurement" of progress toward com- plete eradication of brucellosis. It means that the infection rate has been re- duced to less than 57* of the herds and 1% of the cattle in a county. All remain- ing infected haras are under quarantine and will have the disease eliminated from the herd.' Since there is a chance of spreading- disease from the remaining infected herds, i_t i_s urgently requested that everything- possible be dor.e to con- tinue brucellosis calf hood vaccination of as many replacement heifer calves as possible. Only 375 A3? (brucellosis mi lb ring) tests were run during the past year. This work should be expanded because it is a relatively inexpensive way of screening dairy herds to locate brucellosis-infected herds. Two negative ring tests a year, on a dairy herd, aids in recertifying a county without individually blood testing the cows in that herd. Practically all counties in Montana ".-.•ill soon be '"''modified-certif ied brucellosis-free areas", host of Montana's counties are inhabited by range and semirange cattle. Present uniform rules and regulations for eradicating brucel- losis (rules and regulations used and recognized throughout the nation) require that all the herds found to be infected on last certification, plus 20% of the remainder of the herds in the county, be tested at the end of each three-year period. If the infection rate is below 5% of the herds and 1% of the cattle, that' county is recertified for another three-year period. Once Montana is certi- fied, this means that approximately 13 counties will have to be recertified each year. This will be an expensive testing process to beep range and semirange counties ''modified-certif ied brucellosis-free", not only for this department but for the cattlemen. Range and semirange herds dc not lend themselves to frequent blood testing and handling. A system of screening range and semirange herds for the purpose of maintaining certification and inexpensively locating infected herds has been proposed by Montana cattlemen and livestock disease-control officials. This proposal appears to have a lot of merit, a range and semirange cattleman's ap- proach to the control of brucellosis, and a very much improved procedure for eradicating brucellosis in range and semirange areas. It is urgently recommend- ed that the 'Montana Livestock Sanitary Board continue to develop and prove that such a plan, or a similar plan, is workable, not only for the keoping of the GRAPH I PERCENTAGE OF MONTANA CATTLE POSITIVE TO THE BLOOD TEST FOR BRUCELLOSIS SINCE 1931 1 9 3 1 (27-yr. period), 9 4 1 9 5 123/x567g?Q123456789Q123456 23. 15. 10. \ \ / \ / \ \ -4- "modif ied-certif ieci brucellosis-free" status in Montana, but improving methods of eradication of brucellosis from range and semirange herds. In summary, approximately 92% of the cattle herds have been initially- tested for brucellosis since the inauguration of the intensive' brucellosis- eradication program, in 1954. Overall, approximately 10%, or 2,700 herds, were found to be infected with brucellosis. Of these 2, ICC infected herds have elim- inated the infection by testing, vaccination, and sanitary procedures, leaving approximately 60C herds to be cleaned up. Thirty-seven counties have been de- clared modif ied-certif ied brucellosis-free. It is predicted that 50 counties will be so declared by the end of the next fiscal year. Brucellosis calfhood vaccination should continue at a high rate. Cattlemen should continue to use great care not to inadvertently add infected' cattle to their clean herds. There is a very urgent need to develop a practical, sound method of recertifying range and semi range areas, such as the proposed brucellosis screen test. Bacillary icterohemcclobinuria (redwater) . The alarming increase in the number of cases of redwater in cattle in Ravalli and Lake Counties last year has level- ' ed off at a high rate this fiscal year. The disease has been enzootic in Ravalli, Lake, Granite, and Powell Counties for several years. During the past year, red- water was diagnosed in two herds in a new area east of Sheridan, in Madison County. Every effort was made to have all possible contact herds, and herds a- round the two infected herds, vaccinated with the hope the disease can be confin- ed to a limited area in Madison County. In the above counties, 149 animals in 128 herds were reported as hav- ing redwater this fiscal year. A stepped-up program of vaccination has been carried out and 21,963 cattle were reported vaccinated against redwater. This disease is a research project at the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory. Leptospirosis. The recognition of leptospirosis in Montana herds continues to increase. The disease was found and reported in 50 herds. The laboratory has run blood tests on 1,211 cattle, with 192 reported positive, 5? suspicious, and 1,052 negative. The main loss from the disease has been due to abortions. Fairly ef- fective control has been obtained by restricting the movement of cattle from herds until all danger of recovered cases shedding organisms in the urine has passed, and by use of a bacterin. Rhinctracheitis. This disease, called "red nose", was first reported in Montana last year. There was an increase in the number of cases reported a year ago. The disease is seen primarily in Yellowstone County in feed lot cattle. In 28 lots of cattle 210 cases i-;ere reported. During this past year California workers have developed a vaccine to protect against the disease. It is hoped that field trials with the vaccine will prove successful in preventing a small death loss and very high weight loss- es suffered by feed lot cattle. -o- Pulmonary emphysema (asthma) . In 93 herds, 395 cases were reported. This dis- ease (called asthma) was first reported a number of years ago in Montana. It con- tinues to cause quite severe losses on a'number of ranches year after year. Me still know very little about the disease, and practically nothing as far as treat- ment and prevention are concerned. It has been recommended as a future research project to the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory. Scabies . No cattle scabies was reported in Montana. During the year 32 Montana cattlemen purchased 252 bulls at a sale in which considerable cattle scabies was found. Hot being able to determine the exposure of the cattle purchased, it was necessary to search out and inspect each cf the imported animals. Fortunately, to this date no scabies has been found in any of these animals. Urolithiasis (water belly) . This condition was reported in 652 cattle on 427 widely distributed Montana ranches. Many more unreported cases occur. Uroli- thiasis continues to be one of the major research projects at the Montana Veter- inary Research Laboratory. Coccidiosis. In weaner calves this is still a serious problem as indicated by 2,811 reported cases on 294 ranches. It is known that the severity of the at- tack and prevention is greatly influenced by management at and after weaning time, and by weather conditions. It is urged that Montana cattlemen adopt recom- mended preventive measures at this critical time in the weaner calf's life. The bionomics of the coccidia involved in Montana outbreaks is being studied at the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, Foot rot. Although treatment is quite effective, foot rot in cattle is of major concern, having been reported in 355 cattle on 24 ranches during the year. There are no basic scientific facts upon which to recommend prevention of this disease which has a very low mortality rate but causes severe weight losses. It is particularly of concern to the purebred herd owners. The cause of the disease has not been definitely established. This disease is recommended for further re- search. Tuberculosis. The tuberculin test was applied to 15,018 dairy cattle and 18,328 range cattle — a total of 33,346. Two reactors were found. Ho visible lesions were reported in one and a cervical lymph node lesion was found at slaughter in the other. Both cows were dairy cows which had been imported into Montana the year before. Mo range cattle were positive to the tuberculin test. The percent- age of infection found in Montana cattle tested was 6/1000 of 1%, No Montana cattle were reported from slaughtering establishments as showing tuberculosis lesions. Miscellaneous cattle diseases. For a summary of other cattle diseases reported during- the year, you are referred to "Montana Veterinarians' Disease Report" in- cluded in this annual report. A total of 9,047 diseased animals were reported in 2,942 herds. -S- SHEEP DISEASES Bluetoncrue. Bluetongue has not bean observed in Montana. The order issued by the Livestock Sanitary Board last year is still in effect, A permit is required on all sheep originating frcm states in which bluetongue has been diagnosed. The permit is not issued unless the sheep came from a bluetongue-f ree fleck, are vac- cinated at least 30 days prior to entry, and are dipped within 1C days of date of entry. Scrapie. There have been no cases of this disease reported in Montana. At the end of the fiscal year the Animal Disease Eradication Division still has 2,531 sheep in 39 flocks under periodic inspection because they may have been exposed through imported sheep. At the end of the 1955-56 fiscal year approximately 60,OCQ sheep in 61 flocks were under surveillance. Because of the long incuba- tion period of scrapie, suspected exposed flocks are observed over a 3-|- year per- iod. Foot rot. There were 662 sheep reported affected with foot rot in three small farm flocks in Western Montana. No cases were reported in range bands. The in- fected band is placed under quarantine and every effort is made to eradicate the disease. Vibriosis. Loss of lambs from this disease was reported in nine flocks. Losses were quite severe in some outbreaks. Research work is being carried on by the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory on this disease on a regional basis. It is hoped research will show the way to prevent losses from this serious sheep disease. Lice. Three bands of sheep were found infested with lice. Louse infestation in sheep is a relatively new condition in Montana, The sheep are placed under quarantine until properly dipped under the supervision of this department. It is hoped this action will eradicate and prevent louse infestation frcm becoming widespread. Scabies. No scabies was reported in sheep during the year. Montana has been free of this scourge for 37 years. Scabies still exists in sheep in the cen- tral, eastern, and southern states. The existence of the disease in these states continually poses a threat to the western sheep industry as demonstrated by the sheep scabies outbreak in Wyoming, due to importation of infected sheep frcm one of the central states. The Montana Livestock Sanitary Board staff has to be continuall]' on the alert for sheep scabies. Internal parasites. There was an apparent increase of xrorm infestation in lambs this spring and summer. It is recommended that the kinds of x^orms infesting lambs be determined by clinical or autopsy examination and/or laboratory exami- nation. If the kinds of worms infesting the Iambs are known, then more accurate management, preventive, and treatment procedures can be outlined. Johne's disease (paratuberculosls) . The U. 3. Department of Agriculture, Ani- mal Disease Eradication Division, in cooperaticn with the Montana Livestock -7- Sanitary Board has been attempting to establish practical control and eradication measures of paratuberculosis in sheep, A large band of sheep were submitted to the johnin test in the fall and again in the spring. Reactors were removed from the band. The band had been tested annually since 1954. Last year 4,447 were tested in October and 5S0 were positive to the test (8,77,). The reactors were removed in October. In March 3,817 sheep were retested finding 189 positive to the johnin test (4.99%). Comparing the results with 1954 and 1955, with 1.7% positive each year, it appears that the johnin test and segregation of reacting animals, as practiced on this ranch, is not practical in the control of para- tuberculosis in sheep. Under federal-state cooperation, a paratuberculosis vaccine has been administered to two-week old lambs on this ranch to determine its effectiveness in the control of this disease. A more extensive vaccination field trial is contemplated on the ranch, based on the recent findings of Sigurdsson in Iceland on the control of paratuberculosis of sheep through vaccination. It is believed that paratuberculosis in sheep is more widespread than heretofore suspected. Therefore, practical control measures need to be developed. Miscellaneous sheep diseases. The more important diseases of sheep reported dur- ing the year are listed under "Montana Veterinarians' Disease Report'''. SWINE DISEASES Erysipelas. It is apparent, from laboratory and clinical reports, that swine erysipelas is the disease of greatest importance to the swine industry in Montana. Erysipelas was reported in 1,048 swine on 94 premises during the year. Most cases reported are of the chronic form of infection. Control of erysipelas is effected by treatment with antibiotics and vaccination. Erysipelas has a wide distribution in the State of Montana. Regulatory control is most dif- ficult because of the nature of the organism. Hoo; cholera. This disease was reported on two premises involving a total of 76 swine. Two factors are responsible for the extremely low incidence of hog cholera in Montana. One is the good enforcement of the garbage-cooking law and the second is not permitting the use of virulent hog cholera virus in Montana. Recently there has been a statewide interest in promoting increased swine production in Montana. Approximately 24,000 were imported last year, pri- marily by slaughtering establishments. Montana has to import slaughter hogs to meet its needs. Should there be an increased demand' for breeding hogs from out- of-state, our hog cholera problems will be increased, but if we are most careful in purchases and make an effort to comply with existing import regulations, out- breaks from this devastating hog killer can be kept at a minimum. Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis was diagnosed in swine. Considerable loss was sus- tained through aborted pigs. The disease is controlled through vaccination, prompt treatment, and control of the movement of infected swine. The disease is -8- transmitted through urine droplets frcra infected swine. The period of time Leptospira are shed in the urine has not definitely been determined. Experiment- al reports vary from ir.ro months to a year. This office has recommended that swine from infected herds, other than those sold for immediate slaughter, not he moved to other herds for one year following the last clinical signs of the disease, Atrophic rhinitis. Thirty-nine cases were reported in nine herds. Control meas- ures prevent swine from infected herds being sold for breeding purposes. Miscellaneous swine diseases. Influenza, parasitism (as noted by liver condem- nations in the meat inspection summary), necrotic enteritis, and poisoning, were the other most important swine diseases reported. Parasitism in swine can be controlled and prevented by using proven management practices and by the wise use of recommended antihelminthics. HORSE DISEASES Eouine encephalomyel it i s . Thirty-nine cases were reported during the year on 34 ranches. This is a 55% increase over the number of cases reported the last year. Horse owners are urged to have their horses properly immunized against this disease each spring, not only for protection of horses, but because of the public health significance of the disease. Rabies. Again Montana is fortunate in having gone another year without this most horrible disease being introduced into the szate. As long as rabies con- tinues to be enzootic in many areas of the United States, there is a constant threat of its introduction. It is recommended that this department continually urge intensified rabies -eradication programs in the United States. Leptospirosis. The fact that 449 cases of canine ieptospirosis were reported in Montana during the year is of significance. This net only points up the import- ance of the disease in dogs, but indicates a potential source of human infection, particularly in Cascade County. There were 327 canine Ieptospirosis cases re- ported in Cascade County. These reports clearly indicate the need for more in- vestigative work as to the source of the disease and the genus of organism pri- marily responsible. POULTRY DISEASES Pull or jm disease. The amount of pullorum-typhoid testing of chickens in breed- ing flocks almost doubled over the previous year. There were 83,434 birds test- ed in 175 flocks; 67 reactors were found in 13 flocks which were retested until they were clean. When reactors to the test are found, the reactor bird is check- ed in the laboratory by culture methods. All breeding flocks in Montana are rated as pullcrum-typhoid clean as the result of the testing and eradication pro- gram. -9- The pullorum disease-control program is carried out with the Poultry Improvement Board cooperating. Newcastle disease. This disease was reported in one flock. The diagnosis was not confirmed in the laboratory. Eleven laboratory tests were made of samples submitted; all were negative to Newcastle disease. Chronic, respiratory disease. This disease was reported in nine flocks. The PPLO test was made on blood serum from 181 birds submitted to the laboratory. The test was positive in 63. The true indication of the positive PPLO test in diagnosing CRD will have to be further evaluated. Leukosis and coccidiosis. These two diseases continue to be the cause of the greatest loss to the poultry industry. ANIMAL IDRBIDITY REPORTS The morbidity reporting system, started last fiscal year and carried out by Montana veterinarians sending in monthly reports, has completed a full year. The fiscal year summary of diseases reported is found under "Ilontana Veter- inarians' Disease Report". This report is very valuable in analyzing the Montana livestock disease problems not only from the regulatory standpoint, but from the research, public health, and veterinary practice approach. The number of animals affected with various diseases was 21,137 in 4,750 herds. During the year Montana veterinarians reported 46 cattle diseases, 21 sheep diseases, 9 swine diseases, 7 horse diseases, 5 dog diseases, and 12 poultry diseases. -10- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT uiv 1955 - June 30, 1S57 Diseases and species affected 1 2 3 4 5 in 6 "iex of C 3 cunties 9 10 11 1 2 13 14 15 CATTLE : ."•ctinobacillosis 1 5 2 £ctincmycosis 9 . 1 131 172 30 J. -J Alveolar emphysema i Anaplastics is Lac. hemoglobinuria Black lea S c 7 : is 25: 5 e 3 1 9 10 Cancer eve i ■' 1 £ 138 146 235 44 5 30 32 15 Coccidiosis 274 ; 47 90 <~ "in 73 47 Diphtheria j 19 3 Vi . 1 25 Encephalitis i 1 5 • Enteritis, infect. j 1 Enterotoxemia 1 n 22 l Foot rot 22 : 5 • 59! 4 j 3 34 6 Fluorosis Goiter Grass tetany 7 ; : 1 "] J, 4: Hyperkeratosis Intermandib. phlegmon 1 Keratitis 25 j 9 : Leptospirosis j li 3 ; 13 5i 1 2 i Listeriosis 1 1 1 -»- Lungworms j Hal. catarrhal fever Malignant edema l ! 5 -L<- 2 Mucosal disease '0 ■ 2, ' J. 3 Necrotic stomatitis 1 Phot ©sensitization j ■ Poisoning, arsenic " creosote 1 ; 1 2 lead 3 _ ! 1 1 1 " nitrate sai l 19 " sweet clov er 1 Post-part, hemoglobinuria: I 1 Pulmonary emphysema | 5 3 4 i 24 29! 1 30 3. 18 3 8 • 18 Rhinotracheitis c , 5 4 Sarcosporidiosis 1 Shipping fever 14 7 : 8 145 i 49 n ! 50 ; Strep, meningitis 1 Subir.ax ilia ry ph 1 eqmori Tetanus 3 1 Trichomoniasis i , 1 Urolithiasis 84 o /- 2 25 45 JJJ ctz 13 ! 10 Vibrio fetus Virus diarrhea White muscle disease KEY TO COUNTIES : 1-Beaverhead 2-Big Horn 3-Blaine 4-Broadwater 5-Carbon 6-Carter /-Cascade 8-Chouteau 9 -Custer 1 10-Daniels 13-Fallon 11-Dawson 14-Fergus 12-Deer Lodge 15-Flathead -11- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected IS 17 1 8j 19; 20 j I 21 ndex 22 1 of 23 Cour 24 ties 25 25 27 23 29 32 CATTLE : Actinobaciilosis 1 3 ! ; 2' 1 ; 1 I 1 1 Actinomycosis 43 7 9 Alveolar emrhysema Anapiasmosis j.ii 9 3ac. hemoglobinuria ! . / z ' jj Blackleg 19 , 1 ' 5 3 7 s, ' Cancer eve 47 _u ^^JU. 24 0 3 Coccidiosis IS 23. 29 --,, Poisoning, arsenic 1 ! ■n i " creosote ! lead j 9 nitrate salt " sweet clover Post-part, hemoglobinuria Pulmonary emphysema 5 ' 0 5 5 5 4 6 21 Rhinotracheitis ! X oarcosporidiosis Shipping fever • 57 5 75 70 5 1 Strep, meningitis i Submaxillary phlec?mcn Tetanus -> X Trichomoniasis 16 i 1 ! 4 ' 26 91 A 5 19 71 Vibrio fetus Virus diarrhea 1/hite muscle disease. 3 s 3 -_: to 1 KEY TO COUNTIES: 31-Mineral 34-Park 37-Fondera 40-Prairie 43-Roosevelt 32-Missoula 35-Petroleum 38-Powder River 41-Ravalli 44-Rosebud 33-Musselshell 36-Phillips 39-Fowell 42-Richland 45-Sanders -13- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' REPORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected 45 1 1 47 !48 '49 I 50 ndex 51 . of 52 Counties CO = A DC D — 55 56 Total Cases Total Herds CATTLE : fi.ctinobacillosis 18 ! i ill | ; 90 71 Actinomycosis 5 i 1° i 6 I 5 : S! 1C< 15 539 ■ 435 Alveolar emphysema ' ; ! ! 1 i Ar.aplasmosis ■■» 4 0 x 19 Bac . hemociobi nuri a j 1 i i 1 A Q 123 Blackleg ■ 5 *■) 1 2 7 2 173 127 Cancer eye 25 • -i J- i 110 : 4 I 9 27 i 34! 14 i 1059 535 Ccccidicsis 110 j ; 1 ! 4C 73 . 30 j 9. 45 2811 234 Diphtheria 19 1 T 3 ! ■ 64 "SOT lO i 65 Encephalitis i i i g .-> i i T 1 Enterotoxemia Foot rot 41 ! 15 i 34 10 ooc 246 Fluorosis 4-H 400 Goiter Grass tetany Hi 25 17 Hyperkeratosis Intermandib. phlegmon Keratitis 30 454 5>f Leptospirosis 7 ! 151 50 3 _2 _6 _29 25 Listeriosis Lunqworms 24. Ilal. catarrhal fever Malicrnant edema 45 Mucosal disease 49 Necrotic stomatitis Phot ©sensitization Poisoning, arsenic 1 9 creosote xeac 16 nitrate 15 15 salt 4 _1 _1 93 svreet clever Post-part, hemoglobinuria Pu lmonary emphysema 1 20 395 Rhinotracheitis 19 ; 61U Sarccsporidiosis 1 Shipping fever 40 16 30- 684 119 Strep, meningitis Submaxi 1 1 ary phlegmon ?etanui Trichomoniasis Urolithiasis 36 i i X ■ 20 5 4 22 5 46 ' I — 652 427 Vibrio fetus i I Virus diarrhea _j 1 White muscle disease 1 ! 1 i 99 59 KEY TO COUNTIES: 46-Sheridan 47-Silver Bow 48-3tillwater 49-Sx-reet Grass 50-Teton 51-Toole 52-Treasure 5 3 -Valley 54-VJheatland TOTALS 55-Mibaux 55-Yellowstone 9041 2942 -14- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected xnaex 5 ! 6 ! 7 of Cox 1-9; nties 10 ! 11 13 14 [15 cHZEP: Acetonemia jtinobacillosis ^xostnaium ncwn (i occiaiosis 49 150 ! 125 Contagious ecth'tua L54 0 Encephalitis Enterotoxemia 42: 15 ! 33 i 4 Foot rot Jehne's disease Lio-and-ieo ulceration Listerellosis i Ilycotic dermatitis 1 ! Pediculosis Phot osensitizat ion Posthitis 50 Preqnancy disease Pseudotuberculosis ?etanus Urolithiasis Vibriosis 38 110 White muscle disease SWINE: Atrophic rhinitis Enterotoxemia Erysipelas 99 ! 2 I 88 i 76 ~1 Hog- cholera Influenza :liCi Leptospirosis 28 Necrotic enteritis 40 ; i: 60 Poisonincr, cockiebur Tuberculosis HORSES : Azoturia Distemper 20 4 Encephalomyelitis 7 : I 41 4: 2 3 Influenza Purpura hemorrhagica Tetanus 1 Urticaria KEY TO COUNTIES: 1-Beaverhead 2-Big Horn 3-Blaine 4-Broadwater 5-Carbon 6-Carter 7-Cascade 10-Danieis 13-Fallon 8-Chouteau li-Oawson 14-Fergus 9-Custer 12-Deer Lodcre 15-Flathead -15- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected 15 il7 ; 18 ; 19' 20 21 j Index of Counties ! 22 123 : 24 ■ 25 • 26 i 27 ; 23 i 2930 SHEEP: Acetonemia 11 Actinobacillosis Clostridium nowii Coccidiosis Contagious ecthyma Encephalitis Enterotoxemia Foot rot 10 30 . 134 Jo'nne's disease Lip-and-leg ulceration Listerellosis Mycotic dermatitis Pediculosis Phot ©sensitization Posthitis Pregnancy disease Pseudotuberculosis Tetanus Urolithiasis Vibriosis i 17 White muscle disease SWINE: Atrophic rhinitis 31 Enterotoxemia Erysipelas 31 Hog cholera 75 ! Influenza 1 : i 1 ' ! j : 1 ! Leptospirosis 1 i i I ! i ! : ! ! 1 ! ! Necrotic enteritis 1 : i ! i i ! . 4! j Poisoning, cocklebur 1 Tuberculosis i j I ! | i i 52: ; HORSES : Azoturia i ' i 1 ; i ! 1 j | j i i i 1 j 1 ! j . Distemper i j 56 s: | Encephalomyelitis i i ! 1 ' '■ I 1; Influenza j i Purpura hemorrhagica Tetanus Urticaria KEY TO COUNTII 16- Gallatin 17- Garfield 18- Glacier 19-Golden Valley 2 2-Jeff erson 20-Granite 23-Judith Basin 21-Hill 24-Lake 25-Lewis & Clark 26-Liberty 27-Lincoln 28-Madison 29-McCone 30-Meagher -16- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REFORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected ' 31 32 -33 |34 i 35 ! 36 j 37 Lnaex o: 3S 39 Jour 40 :ies 41 d-7 43 i 44 4 5. :v;tu. .cef.oiierr.ia Actinobaaillos Clostridium nown i_ccciaicsis tacfious ecthyma 4C L,ncepn .1 -IS tnterotcxemia 11 1C1 £ ODi ro: 40 Johne's disease 193 Lip-and-ieg ulceration 40 Listereilosis lUL iermatitis Pediculosis !2500 Photcsensif.izaticn Posthitis Pregnancy disease Pseudotuberculosis Tetanus Urolithiasis 58 Vibriosis White muscle disease SWINE: Atrophic rhinitis Enterotoxemia Ervsioelas 10 Hep cholera Influenza Leptosoirosis Necrotic enteritis >isonino;, cocklebur :berculosis HORSES : Azoturia Pi steraoer in E nc err.pha 1 orgy e lit i s mfiuenza Purpura henorrhacica letanus Urticaria KEY TO COUNTIES : 31-I-Iineral 32-Missoula 33-Musselshell 34-Park 3 5-Petroleurri 35-Phiilios 37-Pondera 53-?owder Rive: 39-Powell 40-Prairie 4I-3avalli 42-PdohlaiTd 43-Roosevelt 44-Rosebud 45-Sanders -17- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) Diseases and speci affected 3S 45 ! 1 , 43 49^ 50 J Index 51 52 of Count 53 54 ies; 55 ; 56 Total Cases Total Herds SHEEP: I 1 : ; : i ■ 1 1 Acetonemia 1 Actir.obacillosis i ;_ o — -i ■ -■-""■ ■■ ^_OS' ridiuin nowii v.occiaios'.s .\c Contagious ecth'-ma 199: 18 i,ncepnax ltxs :erozoxemia Foot rot Johne's disease 499 Lip-and- 1 eg ulceration i 41 39 Listerellosis 1 102 o Mycotic dermatitis i 1 I Pediculosis , 1 I ' I | 2501 0 Photcsensitizaticn ; ' I i n 1 I 9 Posthitis ' i 30 -1- Preanancy disease i o 0 ■ i 6 ^ Pseudotuberculosis i 1 1 Tetanus 25 : i re 4 Urolithiasis 1 59 9 Vibriosis 75 i I 237 g White muscle disease 785C SWINE : Atrophic rhinitis ?.o TOTALS 1548 HORSES : 157 Enterotoxemia . i 1 Ervsipelas 114 1 1 13. 250 3 7 ! 43 104S ! S4 Hog cholera 76 i 2 Influenza i 7; 2 5 ; 155 ! 6 Leotospirosis 28 ' 3 Necrotic enteri tis i 143 i " Poisoning, cock 1 ebur 5 1 Tuberculosis 52 48 171 Ar.oturia i r-. & Dis.- temper ; ] 12 145 ■ 47 Y.-C-. ' phalomyelitis ; i ; 4 ! o i i 2 39 j 34 Inr.'i i.ienza , 8 ' I 8 j 7 Purpura hemorrhagica • j i 1 1 1 Tetanus i i I 2 2 Urticaria . . : 1 1 KEY TO COUNTIES: 46-Sheridan 49-Sweet Grass 47-Silver Bow 50-Teton 48-Stillwater 51-Toole 52-Treasure 5i 53-Valley 5C 5 4 -Wheat land -.j....au -Yellc TOTALS vstcne 198 94 -13- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) diseases ar.i species ] affected 1 i o 4, r> 5i T „ X- 7 dex 3 of Coi 9 mties 10 11 i 12 : i 2 15 3QQ3 : Distemper i 1 i 12 i 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 bo' ; 2 1 i 2 ileartwoms f 1 M11i i Infect, hepatitis 5 . 1 10 ■ 155. i 2 1 X X Leptospirosis i I 1 3: 7 4 8 1 2 3 Poisoning, strychni nei ; j. , ! . 11 POULTRY: | | • ] j Elackhead | 1 i Coccidicsis J.OJ j _ 1-03 CRD ! 200 ' 2 ■IC Encephalomalacia Enterohepatitis Fowl cholera Leukosis 1 ! c j ^c 1 Newcastle disease Pulloruui disease 1 ] Sinusitis l ] Spirochetosis 10 Tuberculosis KEY TO COUNTIES: 1 -Beaverhead 4-Broadwater 7-Cascade IC-Daniels 2-Eig Horn 3 -Elaine 5 -^-Carbon 13-Fallon 14-Fergus 9-Custer li-Ieer Lodge 15-FIathead B-^nov.teau ii— .uawson -19- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT (Continued) Diseases and species affected 16: 17' is ; 19 20 21 ! Ir.de;; of ' it-, '. .! i • ll [i :t paracolon i; Staphylococcic .1 Streptococcic IS n Influenza Johne's disease Leptospirosis (tissues) it w .f ,: :V li Leuko si s Listeriosis is Malignant edema it Meningitis Metritis Mucormycosis Navel ill Necrobacillosis u Nephritis n Neoplasms (i ti :i Nutritional deficiencies n tt Omphalitis Over-medication (Sulfa drags) Parasites, external " , fecal examinations " , intestinal Paratyphoid s? Peritonitis Pneumonia ■1 , corynebacterium .r ( pasteurella it ti (i It Dcg Cattle Cattle Dog Rabbit Swine Chickens Chickens \_/cl L ui.L.6 Horse Svdne Sheep Dogs Horse ■Swine Chickens Chinchilla Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Catule Sheep Cattle Sheep oab L.X6 Sheep Mink Sheep p 4-4-- _ i.orse Chickens Swan Turkey Turkeys Chi ckens Various Various Various Chickens Turkey Cattle Chicken Cattle o i+.fiS Pregnancy disease oa u o-Le Rabbits Shesp Swine Sheep 1 1 3 1 1 2 6 3 1 3 4 1 6 1 4 36 1 3 10 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 36 12 6 1 1 1 1 1 IS j> 4 2 1 -24- DIAGNOSES Pseudotuberculosis n Pullet disease Fullo rum Pyelonephritis Ringworm If I! Scours Spirochete sis Suffocation Trauma Tuberculosis , avian t; it Vibriosis Miscellaneous negative specimens Unsatisfactory specimens Rabies examinations (negative) Identification of specimens Viability of vaccines SPECIES IIUK3ER Deer 6 Sheep 2 Chickens 7 Chickens 65 Cattle 3 Cattle 7 Dogs 2 Sheep 1 Cattle 2 Chickens 23 Chickens 53 Various 3 Cattle T_ Chickens 10 Swine 2 Turkey 1 Saeev T Various 321 Various 119 Variou s 22 Plants h\ 1+ 1,063 MILK, CREAM AND WATER ANALYSES Milk samples, bacterial count coliform determination mastitis " psychrophiiic determination Salmonella determination Streptococcic determination Antibiotic sensitivity test test for presence of antibiotics laboratory pasteurization Cream samples, bacterial count ;r !: coliform determination " " Salmonella determination Water ,f bacterial count i: >' coliform determination POS. NEC SUSP. r: t; ft u tt i? ft 1,223 132 327 440 500 42 34 7 20 41 10 36 42 141 41 102 n SEROLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS oi^oj-iiO PCX SUSP. Brucellosis, (serum agglutination) si ft u it tt n it It if i? II it .1 (milk-whey) (iilk ring test) (cream ring test) Cattle 1,762 127; ,955 4,343 Goats 24 Rcrsss 4 13 Sheep 2 Swine 5 54 1 60 56 825 24 71 1 -25- DIAGNOSES: Chrcnic respiratory disease ii it i» Erysipelas Leptospirosis ;i it ;> ;; i: Newcastle disease Pullorum Redwater disease SPECIES POS. NEG. SUSP. Chickens 67 113 5 Turkey 1 Swine 44 4 37 Cat 1 Cattle 102 1,052 57 Dogs 31 43 5 Horses o 1 2 Sheep 4 Swine 19 23 2 Chickens 12 Chickens 73 33 23 Turkeys 10 138 10 Cattle S 2,210 130,436 4,510 Total specimens in Bacteriological & Pathological Laboratory 5,444 131,460 4,515 SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN FIELD AMD OTHER LABORATORIES Anaplastic sis ( complement-fixation) (tested in &V.R.L. Laboratories) Brucellosis samples (tested in all field laboratories) Brucellosis (milk ring test) (in field) Pullorum disease (field) Vibriosis (*V.R.L. Laboratories) Cat ■hi, 236 1,617 299 Cattle 1,095 163,669 3,515 50 2 Chickens 67 83,434 Cattle 104 16 Total serological tests in field and other laboratories: 1,398 250,898 3,832 -"-Veterinary Research Laboratory - Bozeman, Montana GRAND TOTALS: TOTAL (all diagnostic specimens) 397,547 6,842 382,358 8,347 -26- REPORT OF THE CHEMIST Frank J. Peacock, Chemist During the period July 1, 1956 through June 30, 1957, a total of 135 samples of stomach contents from various species of animals were ex- amined by this laboratory for poison. Twenty-eight of these samples were found to be positive for seme type of poison, including five bovine samples and one canine sample positive for arsenic; eight bovine samples positive for lead; 13 canine samples and one porcine sample positive for strychnine. Of the miscellaneous samples tested for poisons, several feed samples contained arsenic; two different oil well tool-dressing compounds were found to contain lead; several meat samples contained strychnine. There were 48 water samples analyzed for chemical fitness and 25 of these were found to be unfit for livestock consumption due to high total solids and excessive Glauber's and Epsom salts, water with excessive Glauber's and Epscm salts causes diarrhea in cattle. There were 662 milk and cream samples analyzed in the past year and a total of 3,024 analyses made on these samples. There was a total of seven improperly pasteurized samples. The chemical laboratory prepared approximately 200 gallons of cattle-marking dye and 15 gallons of meat inspection ink in the past year. STOMACH CONTENTS. TISSUES. ETC.. FOR POISON Arsenic Lead Strychnine i-iiscellaneous Total Total Type Fos. Meg. Pos. Nej Bovine 5 62 8 53 2 Ovine 9 9 Equine 6 6 2 Canine 1 12 10 1 3 18 Pes. Neg. Sample s An alyses 6 69 141 2 10 6 20 14 2 37 56 Feline 2 2 2 Porcine 8 7 1 8 16 Fur-bearing animals 11 12 Avian 2 (Gutzeit test) 2 2 TOTALS: 6 100 8 91 14 24 10 135 253 -27- MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES FOR POISON Arsenic Lead Strychnine Pos. Neg. Fos. Neg. Pes. Neg., Miscellaneous Total Total Sample of feed Substance picked up on ground Tool-dressing compound Sample of meat Sample of candy Old sack White powder Sample of water Sample of bread Sample of grass Sample of spray Misc. material 1 1 b 1 Fos. Neg. Samples Analyses 4 6 2 8 1 >c 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 8 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 TOTAL: 12 34 MISCELLANEOUS ANALYSES OTHER THAN POISONS V/ater samples for complete chemical analyses 48 Oat hay for nitrates analyses 13 pK on hay samples 2 pH on bovine stomach contents 1 Salt content en bovine stomach contents 1 TOTAL: 65 BOVINE BLOOD SAMPLES FOR MINERAL AND VITAMIN A ANALYSES Phosphorus Calcium 23 Carotene 53 Vitamin A Total Sample s Total Analyses 59 54 rrrj ( 1 189 -23- MILK For butterfat content For solids not fat For total solids For lactometer reading For sediment test For phosphatase test, indicating proper pasteurisation For phosphatase test, indicating improper pasteurization For solids not fat by formol titration (including 9 unofficial samples^ 474 ( " 7 " it ) 452 f ii 7 " it ) 452 f ii 7 '• it > 452 f ii n ti ii 1 452 ( 35S 5 1 CREAK; For butterfat content For phosphatase test, indicating proper pasteuri zation LOW FAT: (including 3 unofficial samples) 3 " For butterfat content For lactometer reading For sediment test For phosphatase test indicating proper pasteurisation HALF-AND-HALF: For butterfat content For phosphatase test, indicating proper pasteurization For phosphatase test, indicating improper pasteurization CHOCOLATE MILK: (including 2 unofficial samples) (ti 2 ■' » ) For butterfat content For phosphatase test, indicating improper pasteurization TOTAL: (representing 66.2 individual samples) 91 66 23 21 20 24 54 56 1 1 1 3,024 -29- LIVESTOCK MARKETS Deputy State Veterinarians inspected the follovriLng animals at the 13 auction markets during the year: Cattle 720,731 Sheep 145,623 Horses 1,293 Swine 28,893 TOTAL 890,5*0 All contagious and infectious diseases found were handled in accordance with Livestock Sanitary Board regulations. Tests were performed when required. Four auction markets received federal-state approval and are entitled to receive cattle shipped interstate in accordance with federal regulations - Title 9, Chap. I, Part 73. This has materially increased the work load of the deputy state veterinarians in charge of those yards. The sanitary conditions and facilities of the auction market yards continue to improve. All auction market yards were reported to be in a satis- factory sanitary condition. QUARANTINED FEED LOTS During the year 10 quarantined feed lots were inspected and approved to operate in accordance with Chapter 20, regulations of this department. SIAUGIITERHCUSZS Sixty-four slaughterhouses were inspected, found to satisfactorily com- ply with regulations, and were licensed by this department. It was necessary to give notice to seven slaughterhouse operators to improve sanitary conditions. Satisfactory improvement was made and the licenses were not rescinded. Two very unsanitary slaughterhouses were found to' be operating without a license. Upon notification of their violation of the law, they ceased oper- ation. Regulation 10 has been revised and will be known as Chapter 21. This overdue revision of the slaughterhouse sanitary requirements should assist in improvement of sanitation of these establishments. Regulations 11 and 12 were revised and are now found in Chapter 22, en- titled "Carcasses and Parts of Carcasses Intended for Sale as Human Food", -30- MEAT INSPECTION Of the 64 licensed slaughtering establishments in Montana, 19 were oper- ating under state neat inspection and four under federal meat inspection. The following is the number of animals that were given ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections at the 19 establishments under state meat inspection: Number of Animals Estimated- Dressed Weight 37,593 Cattle 15,913,000 pounds 49,473 Swine 7,321,000 .-.» 5,751 Calves 1,150,000 /.• 6.723 Sheep 535,000 :i 99,545 TOTAL 9 C noc p ,.- p. u ■ J j i i-t *j # L» U J 11 The following is the number of entire animals condemned as unfit fo: human consumption: Number of Animals Estimated Dressed Ueioht Cattle 40,725 pounds 91 Swine 13,550 // 9 Calves 1,300 // 10 Sheep TOTAL 500 66,675 // 200* a The largest item contributing to the total parts of carcasses condemn- ed as unfit for human consumption was beef livers. A total of 9,033 beef livers (approximately 1 out of 4) were unfit for human consumption. The estimated pounds of beef livers condemned is 90,330. A minimum of 157,055 pounds of meat was found unfit for human consumption and condemned out of the estimated 25,726,000 pounds inspected. Meat inspection not only calls for inspection of animals but requires proper handling and disposition of diseased animals and parts to avoid contami- nation of those animals and parts found to be fit for human consumption.. It in- cludes constant supervision of sanitation of the plant, equipment, and sanitary slaughter methods. All meat inspection carried out by this department is paid by those meat plants that have state meat inspection. The 13 establishments paid into this de- partment 544,086.16 during the year for this service. It is estimated that the cost for this service amounts to 0.17 of a cent per pound of meat inspected. There is need for improvement in the state meat inspection. The com- paratively low rate paid veterinarians and the number of days employed per week has made it most difficult to attract and keep qualified personnel. There is need for establishing a system of inspection of meat products and prepared meats. It is recommended that the methods of financing and the rate cf pay for this important public health function be studied. It is recommended that public -31- funds be made available, at least in part, for financing this service. It is recommended that adequate funds be made available to provide for a well-trained veterinarian to supervise and head a meat inspection department. It is recom- mended that meat inspection be provided in those localities that do not now have this important public health service. For a detailed report of the findings on meat inspection you are refer- red to the "Summary of Post-Hortem Inspection" for the fiscal year. SUMMARY OF POST MORTEM INSPECTION opecies Cattle Swine Calve 3heep Food 37,505s kr: ;,33i 5,742 6,713 Cooking 2 1 Condemned 90^ 91 9 10 TOTAL: 37,5?S US ',473 5,' 6,723 Grand total of all animals 99.545 DISPOSITION OF CARCASSES AMD PARTS .: Cattle Parts Swine Con'd.Cook.Con'd, Parts .Cook. Con'd- Calves Parts Con'd. Con^d. Sheep Parts Diagnosis: Food Cook. Con'd. Cond.Cond. Abscesses 1 s 352 3 1076 24 1 4 Actinomycosis 6 2 439 3 14 Adhesions 13 Adv. pregnancy 2 Arthritis 22 Ascites 1 1 Atrophic rhinitis 8 Brisket disease 1 Bruises, injuries, etc. 3 4 163 1 232 1 Cachexia 16 1 Cas. lymphadenitis 1 1 Contamination 111 221 Cysticercosis 2 Cysts 1 72 Distomiasis 26 Edema l£ Enteritis l 1 Epithelioma 24 27 1 Erysipelas 15 2 Hypertrophy 1 Icterus 21 Immaturity 1 Jaundice 2 Livers 1223 8 11765 8 930 Melanosis 1 1 Metritis 4 1 1 Nephritis 1 1 Orchitis 1 -32- Cattle Parts Swine Parts Calves Parts Sheep Parts Di aero sis: Food Co ok. Con'd. Con rd,Cook. ,Contd. Cock .Con'd. Con »d. Con'd. Con'd. Con'd. Pericarditis, Tr. 6 11 Peritonitis 1 1 Pneumonia 3 1 14 1 3 Pyemia 3 Pyometra 2 Scirrhous cord 1 Septicemia 3 2 5 Sex odor 2 Stomatitis, necroti c 1 Suffocation 1 Toxemia 1 Tuberculosis 1 2 2082 Tumors 1 Uremia 1 Urinary calculi 3 3 Uterine prolapse 1 Tympanitis 4 Totals: 10 90y 2383 1 91 3 15Z.37 9 49 10 9 Si Beef livers condemned: Abscesses Cirrhosis Telangiectasis Sawdust Tuberculosis Distcmiasis Carotene sis Contamination Miscellaneous Total 5008 27 13 38 0 3680 62 3 _ 197 9033 -33- MILK AMD DAIRY INSPECTION No agricultural industry has undergone such rapid technological and marketing changes in Montana as has the fluid milk industry since "iorld Mar II. The small local dairy adjacent to a city or town, supplying a limited number cf customers in the immediate vicinity, is almost nonexistent. Technological changes have made it possible to distribute milk from one local area to an ever extending area over the state. Milk produced, processed, and packaged in Minne- sota, Idaho, and South Dakota, is delivered into Montana. These changes have vastly complicated and increased the necessity of a good milk inspection service to assure consumers a safe, wholesome milk supply. A disease transmitted through milk at one time just involved a sin.jle dairy and its few customers. Today, a single dairy could contaminate a huge milk supply and potentially endanger the health of great numbers of people over a vast area. Fortunately, technological advances in equipment and the handling of milk, if_ properly done, tends to minimise this disease potential. It is indeed a pleasure to report to you that, under the very capable direction of Dr. J. D. C. VJipf, Chief Milk Sanitarian, this department has kept up with the rapid changes in the fluid milk industry. Regulations, methods of inspection and enforcement, laboratory procedures have been revised to meet (even anticipate) changes, so that Montana consumers are assured a safe, whole- some milk supply. Chapter 1 (regulations promulgated by this department) must be satis- factorily complied with before a dairy or milk plant is issued a license. Dur- ing the year 949 producer dairies and 34 milk plants were licensed by the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board. To insure a safe milk supply innumerable tests and examinations were made on the dairy cows, approximately 2,000 dairy and milk plant inspections were made, and thousands cf bacteriological and chemical examinations cf milk were conducted. Unfortunately, it was necessary to degrade or revoke the license cf several dairies and milk plants because the dairy or milk plant did not satisfac- torily comply with regulations, and a definite public health hazard for their customers was established. Consultations, investigations, and assistance 'given to specific dairy and milk plant problems, by personnel of the department, are numerous and un- recorded. The cooperation of the U. S. Public Health Service, State Board of Health, and city and county health departments, in the enforcement of the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board's dairy and milk regulations is splendid and very much appreciated. -34- RENDERING PLAIIT3 During the year, eight rendering plants were inspected and licensed by this department. A rendering plant, operated according to the laws and regulations of the state, is a definite asset. Dead animals, properly handled and salvaged through this industry, are prevented from disseminating livestock diseases. Dead animals, carelessly handled by rendering plants, are a threat to the health of Montana livestock, It is a pleasure to report that rendering plant operators, cooperating with deputy state veterinarians, have assisted in locating dangerous livestock diseases which were promptly controlled. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION During the year, 19 men were granted licenses to practice artificial insemination in Montana. Before a license is granted, the applicant must have attended a course on artificial insemination, and satisfactorily passed an ex- amination. Montana State College has included one quarter of instruction on arti- ficial insemination o They also conduct a short course each year. Applicants who attend either of these courses and pass an examination are eligible for a license from this department. The excellent cooperation of the staff of the various departments at Montana State College, in training- men to qualify for a license from this department, has greatly assisted in the enforcement of the artificial insemination law. There can Le no doubt they have assisted material- ly in preventing the dissemination of livestock diseases by this practice. o . i 1 i.1 iL iytix(iin>jhi L £C*J *.L. j During the year, 24 swine garbage feeders were licensed by this depart- ment after it was determined the requirements cf Chapter 53, laivs of 1953, and regulations promulgated by this department were fully complied with by the li- censee. Routine inspections to assure that all garbage fed to swine is properly cooked, are carried out by an employee of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Eradication Division. The law requiring the cooking of garbage resulted in the eradication of vesicular exanthema in swine, has dene much to lower the incidence of hog cholera, and will do much to lessen possible trichinosis outbreaks in man. -35- FINANCES The financial report for the year ending June 30, 1957, is as follows: Income Disbursements General Fund (Appropriated): General Fund: General operation Gen. operation $163,550.85 Balance 7-1-55 8 1,845.43 Brucellosis 25,447.09 1956-57 ppropriation 159,800.00 Refunds and credit 1,957.37 163,602.80 Brucellosis Balance 7-1-56 147.13 1956-57 appropriation 25,000.00 Refunds and credits 300.00 25,447.13 £189,049.93 $188,997.94 Livestock Sanitary Board Fund: Balance 7-1-56 & 10,504.70 General operation£l04, 265.04 Income Brucellosis 61,648.39 Livestock taxes 120,308.15 Interest on bonds 2,070.00 Inspection fees, etc. 1,500.55 Meat inspection fees 44,085. 16 £ 17 8^4 6 9.57 $165,913.43 GRAND TOTALS £367,519.50 £354,911.37 Balance 6-30-57 $ 12,608.13 Reserve in bonds 7-1-57 £ 75,000.00 The income from the special livestock tax was £120,303.15 as compared with $130,764.13 the previous year. The income from meat inspection fees paid by the establishments having state meat inspection was £44,086.16, which offset the expenditure of £41,551.05 for salaries of meat inspectors, which is included in the general operation item. The difference of £2,525.11 was used to offset the expense of other full-time personnel of the department doing meat inspection when meat inspectors took va- cations, were ill, or resigned. The majority of the herds in the state (approximately 92?o)ivere initial- ly tested in the state the past three years. Only two counties had to be recert- ified for brucellosis. A period was reached temporarily during the year in which the brucellosis-eradication work did not require the funds that had been needed up to this time, making it possible to cut the cost of the brucellosis work some- what. It was not necessary to cash bonds to complete the fiscal year. Therefore, the reserve in bonds remains at £75,000.00 (Fund 121), the same as at the end of the last fiscal year. -36- The emergency disease fund (Fund 150) has $67,000.00 invested in bonds. Due to increased cost of overall operations this fund would be small, should Montana have a livestock disease outbreak requiring extraordinary action. The brucellosis-eradication program requires the largest e:6- '730/57 NAME HEALTH SRTIFICATES TEST CHARTS HORSES CATTLE SHEEP SWINE OF STATE C] KC TEST DOGS Canada 100 36 313 79 690 251 45 Alaska 4 4 Arizona 13 1 36 5 3 7 Arkansas 9 16 9 California 51 3 23 105 32 1 43 Colorado 62 215 51 3127 519 24 Florida 1 1 Georgia 1 4 Idaho 193 14 30 10432 164 2495 1 20 Illinois 14 3 1 <. 3 0 j 12 Indiana 5 5 Iowa 73 15 5 60 117 72 Kansas 9 14 47 130 1 7 Kentucky 3 11 1 Louisiana 1 1 Maryland 1 1 Michigan 7 1 2 5 Minnesota 67 23 7 247 1111 56 Mississippi 1 40 Missouri 41 4 59 125 40 Nebraska 142 11 42 — r*— 1107 90 29 15572 31 Nevada 3 1 10 5 New Mexico 10 1 50 5c 5 1 New York 1 IS North Dakota 220 116 34 2S97 313 466 3495 18 Ohio 14 1 1 15 Oklahoma 10 4 5 292 13 4 Oregon 100 6 40 236 14 9403 0 <, 54 South Dakota 109 22 32 774 747 10027 3238 7 Texas 39 12 34 2367 133 16 Utah 39 2 12 549 6 34 15 Washington 216 52 87 472 377 36657 50 103 Wisconsin 21 12