5 SF-P 1 0 ^^^^ 3ip^jCk)(^ STATE DOCUMENTS *0 '-^M/, OCT B54 4 srvxs REPORT ^/«?.^^^"* to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board July 1, 1963 through June 30, 1964 53 43494 Monlana State Libtarv 3 0864 1005 0967 1 Helena, Montana August 15, 1964 The Honorable Tim Babcock The Governor of Montana Capi tol Bui Iding Helena, Montana My dear Governor: In compliance with Section ijS-a'+Z, RCM 19^7, we transmit herewith the report of the State Veteri' narian to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board for the year July I, I963, through June 30, 196^+. Respectfully submitted, MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD J. W. SAFFORO Executive Officer and State Veterinarian MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD •k i: •!( v.- Vf -k -k -k ic Archie W. Vyjlson, St. Xavier, President John W. Black, Hinsdale, Vice President Melvin Peterson, Wisdom Manly A. Moore, Powderville F. T. Saylor, Choteau Wilford Johnson, Hall JOHN W. SAFFORD Executive Officer and State Veterinarian Helena, liontand July 1, 1:0^ Hon. Livestock Sanitary Board Helena, Montana Dear Si rs: In compliance with Title 46, Section 242, RCM 1S47, I submit the report of the State Veterinarian and Executive Officer to the Livestock Sanitary Board for the year ending June 30, 1964. There were five meetings of the Livestock Sanitary Board during the year. A meeting was held in Helena on September 30, 1963. A meeting was held in Helena on November 14, 1963. A meeting was held in Billings on December 2 and 3, 1363. 1964. A meeting was held in Great Falls on May 13 and 14, At these meetings the varied activities and responsi- bilities of the Livestock Sanitary Board were discussed and acted upon. All actions taken, and regulations and orders issued by the Executive Officer in the interim between meet- ings, were approved. The complete minutes of all meetings are on file in the office of the State Veterinarian at the Livestock Build- ing, Capitol Station, in Helena. FOREWORD Moisture and grass were in abundance on Montana's 57 million acres of grazing and pasture land during the year. When these two basic elements are provided, many problems of the livestock industry can be resolved. Montana continues to enjoy the reputation oF being a livestock paradise. Always, it seems, there must be a threat to the maintenance of any para- dise. Livestock diseases constitute that major threat. The awesome responsi- bility of the Livestock Sanitary Board is to protect the livestock and poultry industry of Montana from devastation by disease. So very much depends on the success of meeting this responsibility. A nation with a rapidly expanding population must always have its own source of wholesome nutritious food. Mon- tana and its people are dependent upon a successful livestock production to maintain a sound economy and to utilize its natural resources. Livestock and poultry diseases uncontrolled, as history has repeatedly demonstrated, can and will disseminate a prosperous livestock industry. This annual report, it is hoped, will properly reflect the efforts made this past year to control livestock and poultry diseases, will indicate dis- ease threats that will have to be met, and indicates areas where improvement should be made. Montana does have one of the healthiest livestock and poultry indus- tries in the world, yet the losses from diseases reach a tremendous economic value. An estimated annual loss of between 30 and 50 million dollars a year is an excessive loss, it must be reduced because costs of production no longer permit such waste. It is recommended that more time, effort, and funds be made available to reduce these losses. The amount of money available to the Live- stock Sanitary Board during the year is about one-half of one percent of the estimated annual disease loss. We believe this fact should be most carefully evaluated and long-range planning be applied to meet the disease threats of the future. The immediate and future livestock disease trends point out the neces- sity of adopting and obtaining new diagnostic procedures and techniques in the diagnostic laboratory. The potential threat of virus diseases makes this man- datory if we are to know with what we are dealing. Chemistry in agriculture affecting the health of livestock and leaving residues in meat and milk neces- sitates adopting new chemical analytical procedures in the laboratory. The scientific complexity of these procedures requires new and more refined lab- oratory equipment and the application of highly trained technical skills. These should be provided. The disease threat of today demands highly trained veterinary medical scientists with specialized skills to attack and successfully meet the threat. The overall shortage of, as well as the competition for, such scientists creates a most difficult problem on the state level. We believe these two major prob- lems must be solved if the Livestock Sanitary Board is to meet their assigned responsibilities and provide the protection Montana's great livestock industry deserves. The control of many diseases of livestock and poultry protects man from diseases of animal transmissible to man. The prevention of such diseases in man, as glanders, bovine tubercuJos i s, brucel los is, rabies, pullorum, and many others can only be brought about by the control and elimination of the diseases from animals. Diseased livestock and poultry do not provide safe wholesome meat, milk, butter, and eggs for human consumption. This, then, emphasizes the need that the Livestock Sanitary Board's responsibility to control and eliminate livestock diseases be assured success. Over one-half of the funds allocated to the Livestock Sanitary Board are utilized providing the people of Montana a safe milk and meat supply. V/e wish to call attention to the Livestock Sanitary Board that the aver- age sanitation rating of pasteurized milk distributed in Montana is 90%. A milkshed that can provide a 90% or higher compliance rating will assure con- sumers a safe milk supply. The Montana dairy producer and distributor should be most proud of this record. We are confident it will be maintained and im- proved. The dairy and milk inspection work is extremely important to both con- sumers and producers and should be maintained at a high level. The duty of the Livestock Sanitary Board to provide a system of meat inspection is another important public health function. Approximately 9^% of the meat offered for sale in Montana is inspected and passed by either federal or state meat inspectors. Unfortunately, funds have not been available to en- act and maintain the processing and labeling meat inspection regulations of the Livestock Sanitary Board. We are certain the money required to maintain this part of meat inspection would be returned to Montana consumers several times by always being able to purchase processed meats and meat products properly labeled as to their actual ingredients, in addition to knowing such products were made from wholesome meat products handled under strict sanitary conditions, The report that follows represents the work of many veterinarians and rembers of the full-time and part-time staff of the Livestock Sanitary Board. We commend to you their good work and accomplishments. The accomplishments during the year have been not only worthwhile but have provided information indicating the challenges of the future. CATTLE DISEASES Montana veterinarians reported 50 cattle disease involving 25,051 cattle on S,5'47 ranches. This is an increase of one disease, 7,?8l cattle and 724 ranches over that reported last year. The compilation of the Montana veter- inarians' report, 1 aboratory and meat inspection reports for the fiscal year tabulates all diseases found. ANA>^LASMOSI S - A heavy tick (Dermacqntor andersoni ) population during the spring and early summer of 196'+ portends increased losses from anaplasmosis in \SSk. One hundred ninety-four cases were reported on 46 ranches. Of this number 153 cases on 29 ranches were reported in June 1964 at the close of the fiscal year. V.'e are certain there are many more unreported cases in the range herds. ANTHRAX - Five cases of anthrax were reported on three ranches south of V/olf Point in July 1963. Mo cases were reported in 1364. BACILLARY H.EM0GL03 1 MURI A (Redwater) - Veterinarians reported 135 cases of redwater on 113 ranches during the fiscal year. Field trials to test the efficacy of the Clostridium hemolyticum vaccine developed by the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory have been established. A total of 2,037 cattle on 17 ranches in Lake and Beaverhead counties is in- cluded in the field trial. Results of the trial will be determined in the fail of lSo5. BRUCELLOSI S - Montana became a modified certified brucellosis area on April 1, 1964. We welcome this accomplishment of reducing a major cause of livestock loss to a minor role and at the same time reducing a public health danger is one of which Montana cattlemen can be proud. It will be imperative that these tremendous gains against brucellosis be followed up with unrelenting endeavor until this insidious disease is com- pletely eradicated. V.'e are confident the livestock industry wants this done. A total of 91,484 cattle was tested for brucellosis revealing 455 reactors, or 0.409%. Of the total 36,363 cattle were tested at slaughter out-of-state following backtagging. The number of reactors is about double the number of reactors reported last year in about the same number of cattle tested. This can be attributed to the fact that the area test has been completed and the field tests are novx concentrated in infected herds or where screen tests indicate brucellosis may exist in a herd. Regardless of this, the increase in percent of reactors strongly emphasizes the need for continual surveillance and immediate follow-up tests to eradicate all new foci of in- fection. There were 12,8C5 ABR tests made on milk and cream samples. Forty one or 0.320%, were suspicious to the ABR test. This shows , as compared with last year, a continued decrease of bruceilosis in dairy herds. The piogress mode in the reduction of herds infected with brucellosis from 1954 to 1964 is shown in the following tabJe: ■3- Table 1. The Reduction of Brucellosis-Infected Herds in Mv.ntana Fi rst area test in Montana 2,it3^ in fected herds July 1 , 1957 666 " July 1 , iS5S 357 " II July 1 , 1959 235 " II July 1 , I960 135 " II July 1 , 1961 93 " 1! July 1 , 1962 kS " ;! July 1 , 1963 kk " II July 1 , ]Sok 36 " it 7.96% 2.36% 1 . 2U% 0.92% 0.56% 0.3^% 0.16% 0.15% 0.1 i+% Table II. The Progress of Bovine Brucellosis Eradication in Montana Counties Herds Infected County Broadwater Cascade Chouteau Dani els Deer Lodge Fergus FI athead Gal lati n Garfield Golden Val ley Grani te Jefferson Judith Basin Li pcol n Madi son McCone Meagher Mi neral Mi ssoula Mussel she 11 Park Petroleum Phi 1 1 ips Pondera Powel I Prai r ie Si 1 ver Bow St i 1 Iwater Sweet Grass Teton Toole Treasure Val ley Wheat 1 and Vv'ibaux Yel lov/stone Initial Area Test No. Percent 5^ 23.6 ]kO 13.9 35 5.2 13 5.9 26 24.7 106 10.7 30 2.6 62 6.i+ 27 7.5 2k 12.1 28 16.3 32 13.6 59 12.6 15 5.3 87 l'+.2 17 3.6 5h 34.3 3 4.3 60 10.3 11 9.0 50 10.6 27 19.1 30 4.8 36 6.4 51 17.4 30 11.9 8 8.7 52 7.1 56 12.1 35 5.2 13 4.6 26 15.8 33 4.4 17 12.3 23 8.4 51 7.7 Herds Infected June 30, 1964 Mo. None Percent None 1 1 II 1 1 '. I 1 1 1 1 M I I I I II II I I II II II > I II II II -4- Herds 1 nfected Initial Area Test No. Percent 75 18.7 30 4.6 ]k3 13.9 3k 7.9 5 1.7 ik k.6 18 5.3 67 17.1 7 h.2 28 9.7 50 Q.k 39 3.9 k7 7A 23 3.7 88 17.7 U6 3.9 31 6.1 105 7.8 35 3.2 91 13.2 County Beaverhead Bl ai ne Carbon Carter Custer Dawson Fa 1 1 on Lewis & Clark Liberty Povjder River Roosevel t Rosebud Sanders Slieri dan Gl acier Riciiland Hili Lake Raval 1 i Big Horn Tab 1 e III. Calves Officially Vaccinated with Brucella abortus vaccine Strain 19. Herds Infected June 30, !S64 No. Percent 0.25 0.15 0.03 0.23 0.3^+ 0.13 0.29 0.25 0.60 0.35 0.16 0.10 0.15 0.15 3 0.60 2 0.17 k 0.78 k 0.37 k o.k 5 0.70 195'^ - 205,207 1955 - 315,257 1956 - 317,676 1957 - 2S6,i+63 1958 - 303,090 1959 - 294,265 1960 - 215,043 1961 - 224,576 1962 - 209,472 1963 - 250,899 1964 - 297,002 In additon to Table III reports vjere received that 7,413 doses of Brucel la abortus vaccine were sold indicating that many calves v/ere unofficially vac- ci nated. Twenty-two counties were recertified as modified certified brucellosis areas during the year. CALF SCOURS - Losses of calves from calf scours were reported to be ex- tensive on many ranches, especially during the late winter and early spring. Based on Livestock Sanitary Board laboratory work and findings, it was indicat- ed by the Veterinary Research Laboratory that at least 50,000 head of calves died from this disease in the first month of life. The laboratory isolated £. col i organisms from 3'5 calves. £, col i is Incriminated as the cause of calf scours and appears to be the cause in most cases. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from five calves. The £. col i isolates have been saved for further study and classification. Their im- munogenic properties are being investigated. In many outbreaks there can be little doubt that management practices at calving time especially early calving, are primary predisposing causes of calf scour outbreaks. Even though this may be the case and some management •5- practices could be corrected thereby preventing outbreaks, the disease is of such importance that every effort must be made to concentrate research on the enteritis-disease syndrome of newborn calves. The nature of many outbreaks would indicate there are causes of calf scours yet undetermined. COCCIDI 05IS - This late fall and midwinter this protozoan disease was reported affecting 2,059 fall calves on 283 ranches. This is approximately the same number reported the previous year. li'lFECTIOUS KERATITIS (Pinkeye) - A total of '4;05'+ cases was reported on 130 ranches. This is approximately a threefold increase over the previous year. Although the mortality rate is very low the morbidity rate in infectious keratitis outbreaks is extremely high. Heavy losses are sustained in setbacks in growth and gain. Malnutrition, bacteria, viruses and rickettsia have all been incriminated as the cause, at one time or another. It is possible they could all play a role under various circumstances. P new research approach must be found to more fully explain the nature of this .persistent disease. LEPTOSPIROSIS - was reported in 23^ cattle on 92 premises. There were k,k66 blood samples tested with Leptospira pcmona antigen using the rapid plate test and \kS or 3.^% were positive in dilutions of 1:160 or greater. Dr. Robert N. Philip, Medical Director of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory solicited the assistance of the Livestock Sanitary Board staff to conduct a survey of the incidence of leptospi ros is in packinghouse workers in Montana. Doctor Philip reported the results as follows: Illness histories covering the previous year or two and blood samples were obtained from a total of 315 employees. As regards leptospi rosis, 12 individuals from seven packinghouses had agglutination-lysis antibodies ranging in titre from 1:100 to 1:200,000, principally to Leptospi ra pomona. Two of these persons had unidentified illnesses in 1S62, which in retrospect, was lepto- spi rosis. One man from yvas hospitalized in July and diag- nosed as having "meningitis of unknown etiology". Another, from was hospitalized in October and was diagnosed as having "influenza with toxic nephritis and encephalitis". Of the remain- ing ten persons, four had had illnesses for which the retrospective diagnosis of leptospi ros i s is questionable or unlikely and six reported no recent illnesses. It appears that there is some risk of clinical leptospi ros is among Montana packinghouse workers and that exposure is widespread and probably quite frequent particularly among those engaged in activities on the killing floor. It is of interest to note that the percent of leptospi rosis "reactors" in cattle was 3.^+% and the percent of "reactors" in packinghouse workers was 3.8% on surveys conducted during the fiscal year. PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA (Asthma) - During the fiscal year 761 cases were reported on 235 ranches - an increase of 515 cases and 89 ranches over the previous year. There are no »rw rascs/ch dc\c)opmenti that can be of assist- ance in reducing these losses. SHIPPING FEVER - Montana veterinarians reported 8,103 cases on 61^* ranches. This disease is by far the most frequently reported cattle disease. The number of cases reported is double that of one year ago. There is considerable nationwide effort on behalf of biological produc- tion companies to develop a vaccine incorporating various virus isolates to provide a product to reduce or prevent shipping fever. SCPBJES - Prompt action on the part of livestock disease-control of- ficials of a neighboring state provided an opportunity to take precautionary measures which could have prevented the introduction of cattle scabies into Montana. Bulls from a herd found to be infected with scabies from out-of-State were consigned and present at a purebred sale in Montana. Excellent coopera- tion with all consignors and the market resulted in immediate measures to be instituted to prevent an introduction before the sale and distribution of the animals. It is therefore a pleasure to be able to report that Montana remains free of cattle scabies another year. UROLITHIASIS (Water belly) - There were 1,290 cases reported on 837 ranches. This is an increase of 379 cases and 273 ranches over last year. This disease of fall steer calves continues to demand the answers for preven- tion from research. TICK PARALYSIS - The extremely heavy tick infestation of cattle during the spring and early summer resulted in outbreaks of tick paralysis in cattle and she?c. In one herd of 190 cattle fifty were found with tick paralysis with a i-ss of 12 head. Following the removal of ticks from paralyzed animals recovery occurred quite promptly, T'JBERC'J'-OSIS - The tuberculin test was applied to 6,236 dairy cattle and 12,r^'6 be^i' cattle during the year - a total of 18,072. Two cattle gave a pcsitive reaction to the test, 0.011%, A total of 36,363 cattle was- slaughtered under backtag or brand iden- tification. Sixteen cattle, O.Oii'%, were reported to have suspected tubercu- li^sis Issions at slaughter. Two lesions were found in cervical lymph nooes. One was reported in a bronchial lymph node and one in a mediastinal lyiTph node. Twelve were found in mesenteric lymph nodes. The laboratory riTi-orted the presence of acid-fast organisms in five lesions. One group of acid-fa?t organisms was determined to be Runyon Group IV. Laboratory re- ports were not received on II lesions to date. At this time six herds of origin of the cattle found with lesions containing 1,563 cattle, have been tested for tuberculosis and all herds were negative. All Montana counties are currently recognized as modified accredited tuberculosis areas. Thirty-two counties were reaccredi ted as modified ac- credited tuberculosis areas during the year, TULAREMIA - During the investigation of an extensive outbreak of tick paralysis in cattle near Big Sandy in the spring of 1364, Dr. William Jellison, Rocky Mountain L^i^of atc^ry, l./<^s able to isolate Francisella tularersis from -7- ticks collected from three calves and from blood of two calves. Clinical ap- pearance of the calves was not that of tick paralysis but of a septicemic disease. This is the first time to our knowledge, that tularemia in cattle has been diagnosed and confirmed, VIRUS ABORTION - Based on estimates of the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory following study of the Livestock Sanitary Board laboratory and field reports, 57,000 calf abortions took place in Montana this year. Our laboratory reports indicate the following causes of abortions: Micro-organism Isolated Vibrio fetus Leptospi ra sp. Bruce 1 1 a abortus Streptococci Negative findings Total: Number 68 53 3 2 269 395 Percent 18 1 66 A total of 269 laboratory investigations, or 66% of the laboratory in- vestigations of aborted fetuses was- negative to bacteriological causes. The laboratory is not at present able to do virological diagnostic work. It is hoped the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory will be able to screen some cf the tissues saved. There are five viruses nov; known that can cause abortions. On a special investigation the i-lontana Veterinary Research Laboratory was able to isolate the enzootic bovine abortion virus from aborted fetuses from two ranches. It is strongly suspected that the infectious bovine rhi notrachei t is virus is also causing abortions in Montana. J_f Jjt_ can b£ assumed that most of the 66% of aborted fetuses which were found negative to bacteriological examinations were due to a virus, then it can be estimated that about 37,200 calves were aborted because of a virus infection this year. It will be imperative that the diagnostic laboratory be equipped to do virus diagnostic work (as fast as diagnostic techniques become available) to enable the cattle industry to knovi the cause, extent, and lay groundwork to learn how to prevent and control this staggering loss. VIBRI OSIS - Veterinarians reported vibriosis in kZ cattle on 20 ranches. The laboratory isolated Vibrio fetus from 68 aborted calves. The calves were from ranches located in all parts of Montana. Abortion rates in vibriosis herds range from I to 5%. The biggest loss ibriosis is caused by infertility or delayed breeding in the cow herd. boratory findings confirm that vibriosis is responsible for a great • rem v The laboratory findings share of infertility in many herds. The Vibriosis Technical Committee completed its formal report to the Montana Stockgrowers Association during the year with recommendations for re- search to be done on the problem. The Committee found it necessary to obtain more information on the extent of infertility in Montana cattle. The Veter- itiniy Rr>cen;c/i I M-^n ^toi y nj}J the Rjy Foundation conducted such a survey in- volving '+1,000 cattle in herds in various parts of the State, Based on this survey 17% of the beef breeding stock in Montana were found not pregnant due either to infertility or early abortions. This would quite reliably indicate a 225,000 calf loss this past year due to infertility or early abortions. Indications are that a quite high percent of the loss could be due to vibriosis. During the year workers at Colorado State University established on an experimental basis that a Vibrio fetus bacterin prepared by them was quite ef- fective in preventing vibrionic abortions. The Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory has also prepared a Vibrio fetus bacterin from several field strains of the organism. The Ray Foundation has this bacterin on field trial in 15 Montana herds. it may be possible to evaluate the success of this experimental vaccine late in 196*+. Much research must be done on Vibrio fetus isolated from Montana cattle. It will be necessary to sero-type the organisms to determine if just one or many strains are involved and to determine if the same strain is causing both infertility and abortion. If this type of work can continue it would appear that in the near future, methods of control and prevention of vibriosis will become available. VARIOUS CATTLE DISEASES - The diseases mentioned in the report account for about 50% of the diseases reported by veterinarians during the year. These diseases are a serious threat and deserve every effort to bring them under control . The other 50% of the diseases reported are all too frequently accepted as just "accidental" or "part of raising livestock". V.'e wish to point out that the number of cases of actinomycosis, actinobaci 1 los is and cancer eye reported each year continues to increase each year and is responsible for 16% of the diseases reported. V^e believe that the cattle industry should become more cognizant of these three diseases that continue to "nibble away profits" in small amounts all over the State and that these "small amounts" Statewide, constitute a rather staggering amount. -9- SHEEP DISEASES Twenty sheep diseases were reported during the year by Montana veter- inarians on \}] ranches in 9^27' sheep, BLUETONGUE - Following an extensive outbreak in southeastern Montana the fall of 1962, and apparently characteristic of the sporadic nature of bluetongue, no cases were observed in Montana during this fiscal year. CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (Soremouth) - According to reports contagious ecthyma was the most serious infectious disease observed in sheep during the year. There were 3>20C cases on 22 ranches reported. FOOTROT - Infectious foot rot was reported in 1,980 sheep on 16 premises all in western Montana. Following the extensive effort of the two years previous to eliminate infectious footrot from the farm flocks in four western counties, it was found that two large range bands and a few farm flocks were infected in other western counties. The flocks have been quarantined and ef- forts are being made, utilizing proven methods, to eradicate the. disease. Perhaps the greatest deterrent to eliminating this disease is the in- difference of some sheep owners to the disease and, in some cases, the ir- responsible selling of exposed and infected sheep. Me know persisent endeavor, and using a thorough systematic procedure can result in eliminating the disease from a band of sheep in a short time. VJe also know that one slip-up of missing one infected sheep can undo a lot of hard work. V.'e hope that wherever infected sheep are found that sincere efforts will be made to "clean up" the band immediately. HfTLMINTtilASIS (v'orms) ~ During the fall sheepmen in southeastern Montana had lamos that averaged five to fifteen pounds lighter than usual at marketing time. This was following a summer and fall of unusually lush forage. Two factors apparently were involved. One was the "lush", "rank" grass, particular- ly in "bottom growths" was not good sheep feed. The second factor was that the unusual moisture conditions that brought about fast growth of grass were favorable for the survival and transmission of internal parasites of sheep. Many sheepmen were cognizant of the "worm" problem during the summer and fall and had treated their lambs as many as four times without results. An investigation revealed that four different stomach and intestinal worms were present: the Nematodi rus spp.; Haemonchus spp.; Ostertagia spp. and the Trichost ronqulus spp. It was also found that an intestinal proto- zoan, Eimeria granulosa was involved along with a lungworm. Pi ctyocaul us f i lari a, in some instances. The investigation revealed that In some instances insufficient dosage of worm medicine was given to be effective against the particular worm involved. In other instances the worm medicine contained a combination cf drugs. If sufficient doses of the one drug were given to be effective this would result in giving a toxic dose of the other drug. In other Crises totally ineffective drugs were given for the actual worms present. There i:r° also indications that some parasites are becoming resistant to some worm n.edicines. \'le recofrmend (1) the sheepman knows the worms causing the trouble. The Livestorif Sanitary Board lahoratory stands ready to do egg counts of fecal -10- samples and identification of the eggs. (2) The laboratory and veterinarians can then recommend the most effective drug and proper dosage. (3) Last; but by no means least, once the parasites are known, then management practices can be adopted to break the life cycle of that parasite thus preventing re- i nfestat ion, SCABIES - During the year 881^025 sheep were inspected in Montana. V.'e are fortunate that we can report that this makes the 43rd year that Montana has remained free of scabies since completion of its eradication in 1921. The progress toward sheep scabies eradication being made in the central states will make it more certain that the disease will not be reintroduced into Montana, TICK PARALYSIS - Reports by sheepmen of tick paralysis in sheep indicat- ed the disease was widespread in April and May. A good number of sheepmen had to spend considerable time "picking ticks" from affected sheep. The results obtained, following removal of ticks, of recoveries within one hour to a day would confirm the diagnosis of tick paralysis. During the process of removing ticks (Dermacentor andersoni) a number of sheepmen were exposed to and contracted tularemia which was concurrently being transmitted through the tick. TULAREMIA - For the first time in a number of years tularemia was ob- served in sheep. The extremely heavy tick (Dermacentor andersoni) infesta- tion in the spring, centered in and around Garfield County, played an important role in the outbreaks. Although gS^t cases were reported on eight ranches subsequent epidemiological investigations would indicate the disease was considerably more widespread. Losses were sustained from a relatively high mortality rate in yearling lambs and a high abortion rate in infected two and three-year old ewes. The outbreaks of tularemia in sheep were followed by a high incidence of clinical tularemia in men vi;ho were closely associated with infected flocks. V/e do feel that if sheep owners had reported the disease and losses in sheep at the time of the occurrence, a diagnosis could have been established in the sheep and perhaps some of the subsequent occurrences in man could have been avoided. An investigation of a disease in retrospect, following reports of transmission in man, is more difficult, is unable to establish effective procedures to save many sheep and cannot obtain the benefits of precautionary measures that can be taken. Unfortunately that is the way tularemia in sheep was found the spring of 1964 and unfortunately unnecessary numbers of sheep were lost. We were fortunate that Doctors Jellison, Garcia and Philip of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory were able to carry out an extensive sheep and man epidem- lologjcal i nvest Jgat /on of this t'l ck-transmi tied disease outbreak. 11- SWINE DISEASES A total of 13 swine diseases was reported by veterinarians involving 1,725 swine on 86 premises. This is a reduction of six diseases, 373 swine, and 61 premises compared with the previous year. ATROPHIC RHINITIS - was reported on 23 premises in 376 swine. This is a reduction of 83 swine and 20 premises from the previous year. BRUCEl.LOSI S - No clinical evidence of brucellosis was reported nor did the laboratory demonstrate Brucel la infection in any swine during the year. A brucellosis survey to determine the incidence of swine brucellosis in Montana was conducted during the year. This was necessary because (1) the bo- vine brucellosis eradication program had materially reduced the incidence of brucellosis in cattle; (2) porcine brucellosis is a public health danger; (3) nationwide efforts are being made to establish swine brucellosis eradication programs in various states. Blood samples were collected from swine originating in all sections of Montana at state inspected slaughtering establishments during slaughter. The samples were sent to the laboratory and tested for brucellosis agglutinins. During the year a total of 11,035 swine blood samples was tested. Fourteen samples gave positive reactions in dilutions of 1:100 or highei — 0.12%. The results of this survey would Indicate that an area testing program to eradicate swine brucellosis would not be justified. It is recommended that (1) v;e continue to be alert to the appearance of brucellosis in a swine herd and continue to institute all-out efforts to eradicate the disease in any herd that should become affected; (2) continue to advise swine herd owners to use every precaution to assure only brucellosis-free additions; (3) continue to urge producers of breeding swine to maintain certified brucellosis-free herds; (k) continue to use every effort to prevent the introduction of brucellosis infected swine into Montana by strict enforcement of Regulation 1522. The following herds have become or are being maintained certified (vali- dated) brucellosis-free swine herds during the year in accordance with the pro- visions of Regulation 3'^. Effective Date 1. Walter Herman Bozeman 10-10-63 2. James Schweitering Bozeman 1-17-64 3. Robert Rogers Hami I ton 2-5-64 k. M. E. Muller & Sons Corval I is 2-8-64 5. Kurk Brothers Bozeman 4-1-64 6. Sherman Smith Bozeman 2-17-64 7. Warren Hastings Ulm 5-14-64 8. Loran A, Perry Fort Benton 8-26-63 9. Perry Farms Great Fal Is 9-15-63 HOG CHOLERA - No hog cholera was reported in Montana during the fis We recoimitend that all swine owners make an all-out effort to mainta'in Hontnna f lec of bog c/(oJe/\3, Via greatest danger of rei ntroduct'ion is from -12- imported swine. Any reintroduction of the disease will be costly in swine losses. Import Regulation 1522, if carefully observed, will prevent reintro- duction of the disease. The nation has launched an all-out hog cholera eradication program. Due to efforts of the Livestock Sanitary Board since 1927 and especially since IS'+S when the use of live-virus hog cholera vaccine was prohibited and since 1353 when the garbage cooking law was enacted, hog cholera was eradicated from the state. This, then, makes it unnecessary to expend funds to eradicate the disease in conjunction with the current national hog cholera eradication pro- gram. In April 195^+ the U. S. Department of Agriculture recognized Montana in Phase IV of the National Hog Cholera Eradication Program. This gives recog- nition that Montana has eradicated the disease. If the state is able to remain free of hog cholera for one year from April 1964, it will then be declared nationally by the USDA as a hog cholera-free state. VARIOUS DISEASES - Next to atrophic rhinitis, erysipelas is the most fre- quently reported swine disease, being reported in 333 swine on 38 premises. We are confident that proper vaccination and treatment where the disease occurs could reduce the incidence of the disease. Transmissible gastroenteritis of young pigs is giving increasing con- cern. Very strict sanitation practices during and after farrowing will help reduce this disease as well as virus pig pneumonia. Probably in no other livestock industry can management practices and sanitation programs be used so readily to reduce disease losses as in pig pro- duction. We recommend that Montana pig producers take advantage of Montana's comparative freedom of swine diseases by applying every sound management prac- tice known to prevent disease. We would sincerely recommend the adoption of a closed-herd operation. If breeding swine must be added to herds, then they should be added only after rigid screening for diseases and only after a rigidly carried out isolation period prior to adding to the herd. We know this would be worthwhile and pay big dividends. 13- HORSE A total of II diseases was reported in 1,6^1 horses on 79'+ premises. This is a reduction of 3 diseases over the number reported last year. The num- ber of horses and premises involved are twice those of the previous year. Pi STEMPER - Veterinarians reported 965 cases on 485 premises during the year. This disease continues to be the most frequently reported disease in horses . EiJCEPHALOMYELITIS - There was a marked increase over one year ago; 117 cases were reported on 111 premises. This is about a fivefold increase over the pre- vious year. Most of the cases occurred during August and September of I963. Coincidently there were reported cases of encephalitis cases in man. The Rocky Mountain Laboratory conducted neutralization tests for W.E.E. on a number of blood samples collected from horses acutely ill and suspected of having encephalomyelitis. A surprising number were negative to the test. An effort was made to have the veterinarians obtain convalescent serum from the same horses to determine the response to the neutralization test for W.E.E. Unfortunately, a very few convalescent serums were obtained because of several factors . In years past very close correlation of the clinical diagnoses of equine encephalomyelitis and serological test were obtained. The lack of neutralization test confirmation of W.E.E. this past year gives us cause for concern. We recommend to the Board that should an outbreak of encephalomye- litis in horses occur during the coming year an intensive study of cases be made for the following reasons: (1) to be able to confirm clinical diagnoses; (2) to determine if other viruses than the V/estern equine encephalomyelitis are causing encephalomyelitis in horses; (3) provide information to assure pro- per vaccination of horses with the correct virus vaccines; and (k) to know which virus is affecting horses in order to provide more accurate protective measures to guard human health. 1/4- DOG AND WILD ANIMAL DISEASES fiNTHRAX - One deer was found dead of anthrax at the time an anthrax outbreak occurred in cattle south of Wolf Point. LEPTOSPIROSIS - Veterinarians reported 219 cases of leptospi ros is in dogs. Six buffalo out of 62 tested with J,, pomona antigen were positive in dilutions of 1:160 and higher. RABIES - The laboratory confirmed the diagnosis of rabies in one bat and two skunks during the year. A total of 136 rabies laboratory tests was negative in twenty different species of animals submitted. Skunk rabies has been migrating from Minnesota and Iowa across the Dakotas for the past twenty years. During April skunks were observed north of Ekalaka, in Carter County, attacking livestock on four different ranches. Two of the skunks were obtained and both were proven infected with rabies by lab- oratory tests. Skunk rabies had finally arrived in Montana. It seems inconceivable to think that we would have to live with such a potentially dangerous disease after so many years of freedom from rabies. Representatives of the State Board of Health, Fish and Game Commission, Live- stock Commission, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service met with representatives of the Livestock Sanitary Board in order to coordinate efforts to meet and roll back this threat. The Montana State Board of Health alerted the areas involved and carried out a program of education on procedure to protect man from rabies. The Fish and Game Commission, the Livestock Commission, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service put in to effect a skunk reduction program in the areas of known and suspected rabid animals. The Livestock Sanitary Board issued Orders Nos . 205 and 206 placing all dogs and cats under quarantine in Carter, Fallon, and Powder River Counties subject to rabies vaccination. All dogs which have been vaccinated against rabies for thirty days would automatically be released from quarantine. Measures were taken to place exposed animals under observation, prevent the spread of rabies to other domestic animals, and to organize and provide rabies vaccination clinics for dogs. It was essential to establish a rabies immune barrier in the canine population in southeastern Montana. The response to establishing a rabies im- mune canine population was very good as shown by the number of dogs and cats vaccinated between April 30 and June 30, 196^, as follows: County Carter Custer Dawson Fal Ion Garfield Powder River Prai r ie WLbaux T0TA15 No. Doqs No. Cats Rabies Vaccinated Rab ies Vaccinated 339 192 398 284 267 177 325 141 299 145 291 322 136 186 $k 18 2.\kO 1,496 -15- TULAREMIA - The laboratory isolated Francisella tularensis from three beaver submitted to the laboratory. It was suspected that the rabbit die-off and field mouse die-off in eastern Montana were due to tularemia. Unfortu- nately, we were unable to obtain fit rabbit or mice specimens for laboratory isolations . The actual occurrence of tularemia in cattle, sheep, beaver, ticks, and man and the suspected occurrence in rabbits, mice, and antelope demonstrate the widespread distribution of this disease in nature. It is worthy of seri- ous study and consideration. 16- POULTRY DISEASES A total of iS'+jlZS poultry was inspected for infectious diseases during the fiscal year. Ten poultry diseases were reported on 20 premises and affect- ing 1,393 birds. CHROHIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE - The most frequent respiratory disease of chickens observed in Montana is chronic respiratory disease. Recent research developments indicate that this disease can be caused by a combination of three agents--^, col i , PPLO organisms, and a virus. Apparently any one of the organ- isms can produce chronic respiratory disease, but a combination of two and three of the agents produces the most serious outbreaks. Stress factors, such as exposure, sudden temperature changes, malnutri- tion, unsanitary conditions, and vaccination v;ith live-virus vaccines can precipitate and predispose flocks to serious outbreaks of CRD. There are no immunizing agents available to protect against chronic respiratory disease. Good management is the key to preventing outbreaks, ■ INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS - was reported in two flocks during the year. The following indicates the reported incidence of infectious bronchitis in Montana the last 11 years: 1^0. Chickens Year Inspected Infectious Bronchitis 1953 102,V8 1 flock 195^ 81,887 2 flocks 1955 81,^05 2 flocks 1956 b6,62it 0 1957 99,020 0 1958 8it,100 2 flocks 1959 85,007 0 I960 170,i+72 0 1961 191.115 0 1962 268,830 0 1963 672,815 1 flock 1964 I6i+,126 2 flocks PULLORUM - All breeding flocks supp lying hatchery eggs were entirety for pullorum disease. A total of 40,824 herds was tested revealing kZ reactors--0, 10%. BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS - The Livestock Sanitary Board, in meeting its assigned responsibilities to the livestock and poultry industry, has for many, many years provided for strict control over animal and poultry biological products that are capable of introducing and spreading infectious and contagious dis- eases. This policy has resulted in unquestioned benefits to the producers of livestock and poultry in the state. Examples of the benefits of this policy are: At one time a blackleg vaccine was being sold in Montana that was capable of producing ;?/»J introducing the disease but was of no value in 17- producing immunity. The Board provided for a safe, reliable bacterin. For many years the cattle industry has received the benefits of this action. A dangerous anthrax vaccine at one time was introducing anthrax in many areas where the disease had never occurred, not only endangering animal but human health. Actions of the Board stopped this, and anthrax has become of minor economic importance. The prohibition of the use of live-virus hog cholera vaccines has re- sulted in a hog cholera-free state. As many as 80 outbreaks a year was once a very serious problem when live-virus vaccines were used. The prohibition of the use of live-virus laryngotrachei ti s vaccine, live-virus fowl pox vaccine, and live-virus Newcastle vaccine for poultry has resulted in Montana being free of these diseases for many years. Whereas, as proven in areas where they are indiscriminately used, the diseases are a con- stant problem. During the year, following the urging of biological companies which produce live-virus biological products, some of the agents who sell poultry to poultrymen in Montana requested that the Board permit the use of live-virus vaccines on poultry in Montana. It appeared that the primary reason was for Montana poultry selling agents to be able to advertise "vaccinated" herds to meet the competition of out-of-state poultry selling agents. The records of the Board did not substantiate that virus diseases of poultry were sufficiently widespread to permit the introduction of these diseases all over Montana through the use of dangerous live-virus vaccines. A complete review of the scientific literature on the development of live-virus infectious bronchitis vaccine for poultry was prepared and sub- mitted to the Board and poultrymen on January 2k, 1964, under the title of "A Review of Avian Infectious Bronchitis". It continues to seem quite strange that a great segment of the poul- try industry continues to accept and even demand the use of dangerous bio- logical products for poultry when all other segments of the livestock industry demands that biological products for their animals be safe to use and when similar products in human medicine would be unheard of. We urgently recommend to the Board that the poultry industry in Montana take advantage of their relative freedom from poultry diseases in Montana and profit from their capability of maintaining poultry disease-free flocks be- cause of their fortunate situation in not being in congested areas and being in relative isolation. It does appear very evident that the leaders of the poultry industry, after many years of accepting the theory that they have to live with poultry diseases, are recognizing and are demonstrating that it is economically profitable to maintain poultry disease-free flocks. This very definitely calls for the elimination of the use of poultry "vaccines" that reintroduce and perpetuate diseases. This has been very graphically demon- strated in a congested poultry area In Maine. The economic returns of main- taining flocks as specific pathogen free simply cannot be ignored. We urgently recommend that Montana poultrymen become familiar with and adopt procedures to maintain specific pathogen free flocks. Due to geographical locations of Montana poultry flocks, this could be easily done. The economic advantage obtained fro/u di seasc-free flocks would provide a distinct economic 18- competitive advantage over flocks in the congested poultry areas. The survey to collect blood samples from chickens from representative flocks in all areas of Montana was well under way at the close of the fiscal year. Serological and serum neutralization tests for respiratory disease antibodies including infectious bronchitis will be made. The Veterinary Re- search Laboratory has provided personnel and some equipment to conduct these tests in the diagnostic laboratory. The results will be submitted to a com- mittee, agreed upon by representatives of the poultrymen, for interpretation of results and analysis of the disease situation. These results, along with official inspections of chickens the past few years, will assist the Board in determining if it is to the best interests of the entire poultry industry to use presently available commercial live-virus infectious bronchitis vaccines. We recommend to the Board that they urge the poultry industry to in- sist that adequate research be made available in the United States so that the poultry industry can have available immunizing agents that are effective, safe, and will not perpetuate poultry diseases IMPORTS - Under the provisions of Regulation 1520, a total of 85 permits was issued out-of-state hatcheries to ship baby chicks and hatching eggs into Montana during the year. 19- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT July ), 1S63 - June 30, 196^ CATTLE: Act i nobaci 1 losis-mycosis Anap] asmosis Anthrax Avit aminos is A Bacillary hemoglobinuria Blackleg Botul ism Brisket edema Cancer eye Cel lul itus Cocci dies is Diphtheria Encephalitis (strep.) Enteritis, E_. col i Enterotoxemi a Enzootic bovine abortion Foot rot Grass tetany Helmi nthi asis Infectious keratitis Leptospi ros is Li sterios is Lungworms Malignant catarrhal feve Mai ignant edema Mandibular phlegmon Meningitis (strep.) Mucosal disease Necrotic stomatitis Paratuberculos i s Phot OS ens i ti zat ion Pneumoni a Poisoning, ergot " lead " nitrate " Toxaphene Pulmonary emphysema Rhi notrachei t is Shipping fever Tetanus Tick paralysis Tr i chomoni as i s TuJ a rem i a Urol i thiasis Vesicular vaginitis Vibrios i s Vi rus diarrhea V/ar ts White miipcJe disease TOTAL: CASES 2,022 IS^ 5 50 135 S2 k kk 2,151 k 2,059 108 k 739 15 22 1,172 k2 200 it,05^ 23U 9 3 3 19 1 33 1 1 15 32 5S 1 ]k 7 761 701 8,103 1 50 10 5 1,290 2 k2 3k 101 231 25,051 HERDS 1,637 kG 3 1 113 Sk 2 6 1,710 k 288 53 3 28 10 3 265 3k 1 130 92 3 3 3 \k 1 22 1 1 7 20 5 1 2 1 235 37 614 I 1 I 2 837 1 20 12 k] ^ 151 SHEEP: Cocci diosis Contagious ecthyma Enteritis, E_. col i Enterotoxemi a Epidi dymi tis Foot rot Helmi nthiasis Infectious keratitis Leptospi rosis Listeriosis Mai ignant edema Navel ill Photosensi ti zat ion Posthitis Tick paralysis Tul aremia Urol i thi asis Vibriosis Virus abortion V/hite muscle disease TOTAL: SW I NE : Anthrax Atrophic rhinitis Av i t am i nos i s A Enteritis, E. col i (I CASES HERDS necrotic T.G.E. Erys i pel as Influenza Leptospi ros i s Mange, Sarcoptic Pasteurel losis Poisoning, arsenic " cocklebur Pneumonia " virus Salmonel los is TOTAL: 250 1 3,200 22 60 1 3\k 38 3 3 1,980 15 2,115 \k 50 1 5 2 8 7 1 1 6 1 112 3 20 5 ■2 1 96k 8 11 6 136 5 50 I 2 2 9,289 138 2 1 376 23 200 1 53 3 141 k kzk 5 333 38 65 1 6 3 50 1 12 1 15 1 6 1 21 I 15 1 6 1 1,725 86 •20- Veterinarians' Disease Report continued: HORSES: CASES HERDS Distemper 965 485 Encephalomyel I ti s 117 111 Infectious anemia 16 16 Infectious bronchi tis 3^5 81 Influenza 167 32 Leptospi rosis 2 2 rial i gnant edema 1 1 Salmonella typhimurium 1 1 "Shipping fever'' 22 1 Tetanus 2 2 White muscle disease 3 3 TOTAL: 1,641 735 DOGS: Distemper 1,185 1,137 Hepati tis 133 130 Leptospi rosis 219 219 Pediculosis 3 2 TOTAL: 1,5^0 1,508 POULTRY: C.R.D. 2G1 3 Cholera 20 1 Coccidiosis 400 2 Coryza 200 1 Infectious bronchi tis 6 2 Infectious sinusitis 203 3 Leukosis 112 k Newcastle disease 20 1 Pul lorum 1 1 Tuberculosis 150 2 TOTAL: 1,393 20 V.'ILO ANIMALS: Anthrax (deer) 1 1 GRAND TOTAL: 40,640 9,036 -21 LIVESTOCK MARKETS A deputy state veterinarian is assigned to each of the fifteen livestock markets. His responsibilities are to inspect all livestock entering the mar- ket for infectious and contagious diseases, and to enforce all regulations pertaining to handling diseased livestock and all regulations pertaining to maintenance of sanitary standards. The cooperation of the markets has been very good in screening out dis- eased livestock to prevent them from returning to ranches where they could do irreparable harm, and in taking all other preventive measures to prevent transmission of disease. Their cooperation in maintaining the backtagging program of cattle re- sults in large economic savings in the brucellosis recertif ication and tuber- culosis reaccredi tatlon of all Montana counties and, at the same time, assures that these two diseases will be completely eradicated. The number of livestock inspected at the markets the past five years is: iggg-SO 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 Csttle 702,8ii6 683,621 69^,333 656,336 732,362 Sheep 27^^,563 302,4^+3 258,678 230,169 2^+5,150 Swine 62,271 79,953 93,019 112,138 136,803 Horses 10.611 8.883 8.229 10.53^ 9.771 TOTALS 1,050,291 1,07^+, 900 1,054,259 1,003,186 1,124,086 •22- .LIVESTOCK IMPORTS During the year 213,196 head of livestock from 38 states and 2 foreign countries were shipped into Montana. The number of livestock shipped into Montana the past eight years is as fol lows : Year Cattle Horses Sheep Sw i ne Dogs TOTAL 1956-57 3^,288 1,030 73,701 23,687 606 133,312 1357-58 68,it8l 1,397 83,077 26,288 576 179,819 1958-59 78,42i+ 1,888 117,905 20,524 573 219, 31^ 1959-60 62,i+77 2,078 73,926 13,831 58^+ 153,896 1960-61 49,357 2,230 36,171 25,694 701 114,153 1961-62 91,956 1,957 70,953 31,278 565 196,709 1962-63 107,942 2,529 78,741 27,194 577 216,983 1963-64 101,120 2,143 56,570 52,825 538 213,196 Practically every disease problem that Montana livestockmen have had has been imported into Montana the past 100 years. Many of the diseases, after having caused excessive economic loss, have been controlled or eliminated at considerable expense. Many diseases still remain. To carry out one of the duties assigned the Livestock Sanitary Board — that is to prevent the introduction of livestock and poultry diseases into the state--requl res considerable time and effort. We believe the regulations of the Board promulgated to carry out these functions do provide every known rea- sonable protection. The cooperation of the livestock producer, poultry pro- ducer, and some livestock and poultry dealers has been excellent in assisting in preventing a disease introduction. Unfortunately, there are a few live- stock and poultry dealers and traders that have little or no regard for the health of Montana herds and flocks and do everything they can to circumvent health regulations and common sense control of disease. We feel this is a very important area of responsibility and solicit the utmost cooperation from the entire livestock and poultry industry in maintain- ing all necessary safeguards. -23- i MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD REPORT OF IMPORTATIONS July 1. 1963 - June 30. 196^ STATE HEALTH TEST HORSES CATTLE SHEEP SWINE DOGS CERTIFICATES CHARTS HC TO Canada 201 225 820 123 7991 267 10 Alaska 26 30 Arizona 39 1 62 1035 8 7 Arkansas 7 8 Cal i fornia 76 8 '+6 I607 17 50 Colorado 2U7 57 7k 1CS35 283 25 Delaware 1 1 Florida 1 160 Idaho 311 28 125 8032 72 4029 12 27 1 1 1 inois 16 31 2 7 160 2 10 Indiana 3 I 1 10 2 Iowa 51 30 2 165 175 2699 17 Kansas 28 13 ]k 520 272 23 Kentucky 1 S Louisiana k 583 Hex i CO 13 5^09 Michi gan k 3 1 Minnesota 338 k7 11 1113 692 730 47397 43 Mississippi k 2 110 11 3 Missouri 2k 7 7 60 5k 16 12 Nebraska 62 37 50 1283 Iks 575 23 Nevada 15 3 2603 11 3 New Jersey 1 1^1 New Mexico 11 15 k7e New York 1 1 North Carol i na 1 1 North Dakota 607 178 280 S]k] 845 6005 1502 11 Ohio 6 30 5 Okl ahoma 27 6 536 1 13 Oregon Sk 6 38 357 29 4180 3S 37 Pennsylvania 2 6 Rhode Island 1 1 South Dakota 385 in \5k 6091 4344 12516 41 1 Tennessee 1 1 Texas \5k 7 26 15130 72 8197 19 Utah 103 16 35 1210 49 11 15 Vi rgl nia 3 3 V/ashi ngton 260 31 141 1755 238 6789 41 107 V.'i scons in 32 6k 5 597 1778 1 17 V.'yomi ng 373 133 217 130^+1 514 13844 490 27 TOTALS: 3517 1043 2143 82226 18894 56570 52825 538 •24- OFFICIAL /^NIMAL INSPEC7I0RS 7/1/63 - 3/30/64 HORSES: Inspected for interstate shipment 3>519 Inspected at markets 9^77' Miscellaneous inspections 364 13^654 CATTLE: Dairy cattle tested for tuberculosis ^,736 Beef cattle tested for tuberculosis 9^689 Dairy cattle tuberculin reactors 2 Beef cattle tuberculin reactors 0 Accredited tuberculosis-free herds tested 3 Cattle in accredited tuberculosis-free herds tested 230 Tuberculin tested at destination (importations) 33^ Tuberculin tested for interstate shipment 3/313 inspected at destination (importations) 1,171 Inspected for interstate shipment 606,131 Inspected at markets 732,362 Miscellaneous inspections 19,847 1,377,813 SHEEP: Inspected for interstate shipment 601,055 inspected at markets 245,150 Miscellaneous inspections 3^,513 Bluetongue inspections 307 881,025 SinNE,: Inspected for interstate shipment 629 Inspected at markets 136,869 Miscellaneous inspections 3»21 1 140,643 POULTRY: Miscellaneous inspections 164,126 DOGS: Inspected for interstate shipment 1,370 GRAND TOTAL: 2,578,631 •25- DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY July 1 . 1963 - June 30. 1S64 The results of the work at the diagnostic laboratory are reported in Tables I through Xi immediately following. The economic importance of virus diseases in livestock and poultry and the demands being placed on the laboratory for virus diagnostic work make it imperative that the laboratory be further developed in this area of work. This will require additional laboratory equipment and training of qualified personnel . Modern chemistry in agriculture and chemicals coming in contact, di- rectly and indirectly, with livestock, meat, and milk demand, for the protec- tion of the industry, that new techniques for detecting chemicals and new up-to-date laboratory equipment be available at the diagnostic laboratory. It is recommended to the Board that most serious consideration be given to improving the virus and chemical diagnostic capabilities of the laboratory. We further recommend to the Board that the staff at the laboratory be commended for the amount and quality of the highly technical work performed during the year, which is tabulated in the following tables. -25- Table I. Distribution of Laboratory Tests Among Animal Species Cattle Chicken Mi li< analysis (dai ry) Swi ne Elk Sheep Horse Dog Buffalo Cat Goat Deer Rabbit Skunk Chinchi 1 la Guinea fowl Mouse Beaver Mink Bat Rat Gopher Monkey Squi rrel Chipmunk Hamster Muskrat Parakeet Goose Guinea pig Pigeon V.'easel Magpie Myna bird Coyote Fox Turkey Antelope Duck Eagle Moose Peacock Pheasant Sparrow Tanni nger 75,527 i+1,303 16,131 11,496 2,5^7 373 268 190 127 96 57 55 ^3 37 36 30 18 16 15 12 12 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 k h h 3 3 2 2 2 51 .0% 27 .5% 11 .0% 7 .6% 1 .6% .2% .1% .1% 0.9% ■27- Table 11. Bacteriological, Pathological, Vi rological , and ParasI tological ReoQrt--Paqe 1 LABORATORY FIMDINGS SOURCE HUM3ER Abomasal rupture Abscesses Abscesses Abscesses Abscesses Achromobacter sp. Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Adenoma Adenomatosis Adhes ions Aerobacter aerogenes Aerobacter aerogenes Aerobacter aerogenes Aerobacter aerogenes Agalactia Anaplasma marqinale Anoohy laxi s Anemia Anemia Anthrax Anthrax Antibiotic sensitization Arteria sclerosis Arteritis Arthritis Ascar iosi s Ascariosis Ascarios is Asperqi 1 lus f umiqatus Asperqi 1 lus niqer Atrophic kidneys Bacterin, safe Basa 1 eel I tumor 3i le duct anomaly Bloat Blue comb Bordetel la bronchiseptica Brain, histology Brain tumor Breast bl i ster Brisket disease Broken ribs Bruce I la abortus Type 1 Bruce 1 la abortus vaccine, satisfactory Cal 1 i troqa Canniba 1 ism Carcinoma Carci noma Carcinoma -28- Cattle 1 Cattle 5 Dog 1 Horse I Monkey 1 Cattle 1 Cat I Cattle 1 Dog 2 Dog 2 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Beaver 1 Buffalo 1 Cattle 3 Swine 2 Swine 1 Cattle 15 Cattle 1 Horse 3 Swine 1 Cattle 2 Deer 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Horse \ Cattle 2 Monkey 1 Poultry 2 Swine 1 Rabbit 1 Cattle 1 Cattle I Cattle 1 Dog 2 Cattle I Cattle 2 Pou 1 1 ry 1 Dog I Pheasant 1 Cattle 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 3 Sheep 1 Cattle 3 Cattle 16 Dog 1 Poultry k Cat 1 Cattle 2 Dog 5 Table II. cont inued--page 2 LABORATORY FItlDINGS Carcinoma Carcinoma Cardiac abnormality Cerebral hemorrhage Cervici t?s Chronic convulsions Clostridium botul inum (Type A) Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr Clostr d ium botu 1 inum (Type A and Type C) d i um chauvei d i urn hemoly t i cum d ium hemolyt icum d ium novy i d ium perPr ingens (Type A) dium perfr ingens (Type A) d ium perfr ingens (Type C) dium perf ringens (Type C) d ium perf ringens (Type D) dium perf ringens (Type D) dium sept icum dium septicun Coccid iosis Coccid ios is Coccid i OS is Coccidiosis Col ibaci 1 losis Col ibaci 1 losis Col ibaci 1 Ios is Col ibaci 1 losis Col ibaci 1 Ios is Col ibaci 1 losis Col ibaci 1 Ios is Col ibaci 1 Ios i s Constipation Contaminated drug Cory nebacter ium bovi s Corynebacter i um hoagit Cory nebacter ium pseudotuberculos is Corynebacter ium pyogenes Coryza Cotton fiber (identification) Cuterebra larva Cyst i cercus tenuicol 1 is Cyst icercus tenuicol 1 is Dama 1 i n ia equ! Dermacer.tor andersoni Descurainia pinnata Dictyocaulus f i laria Dictyocaulus viviparus Distemper SOURCE NUMBER Horse 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 2 Horse 1 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 6 Cattle 10 Sheep 1 Sheep 2 Cattle 2 Sheep 2 Cattle 18 Sheep 1 Cattle 3 Sheep 9 Cattle }U Horse 1 Cattle 12 Poultry 21 Rabbit 2 Sheep 5 Cattle 315 Chinchi 1 la 3 Guinea pig 1 Horse 3 Poultry 6 Rabbit 3 Sheep 15 Swine 5^ Chinchi 1 la 1 1 Cattle 1 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 2 Cattle 7 Poultry 1 Dog 1 Dog 1 Moose I Swine 1 Horse I Tick 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 3 Dog 2 •29- Table II. continued — page 3 LABORATORY FINDINGS SOURCE NUMBER Ecthyma, contagious Sheep 2 Ectopic heart Cattle 1 Emaciation Cattle 7 Emaciation Chinchilla I Emaciation Sheep I Embryonal cysts Horse I Encephalitis Horse 2 Encephalitis, (E^. col i ) Horse I Endocarditis Cattle 1 Enteritis Mink 1 Enteritis, (col i aeroqenes) Cattle 44 Enteritis, (col i aerogenes) Chinchilla 2 Enteritis, (coli aerogenes) Sheep 3 Enteritis, (coli aerogenes) Swine 3 Enteritis, hemorrhagic Dog I Enteritis, necrotic Swine k Enterobacteria (Hafnia) Cattle 1 Enterohepati tis Chicken 2 Enterohepati tis Peacock 1 Eperythrozoonosis suis Swine 2 Epidemic tremor Poultry 2 Epidermitis, exudative Swine 1 Epidermoptes bilobatus Poultry 1 Epi thel ioblastoma Dog I Erysipelas Swine 1 Escherichia freundii Rabbit I Fasciola hepatica Cattle 1 Fatty degeneration Deer I Fatty degeneration Swine 1 Fibrochondroma Cattle 1 Fibro-durum Horse 1 Fibro- lymphosarcoma Cat 1 Fibro-lymphosarcoma Cattle 1 Fibroma Cat 1 Fibroma Dog 2 Fibroma Horse 1 Fibrosarcoma Cattle 2 Fibrosarcoma Dog 2 Fibrosarcoma Horse 2 Food unfit for consumption Deer 1 Food unfit for consumption Poultry 1 Fracture, sacrum Cattle 1 Fracture, pelvis Rabbit I Gallstones Cattle I Gasterophi lus nasal is Horse 1 Gastroenteritis Dog I Giardiasis Chinchilla 1 Granuloma, infectious Cattle 3 Granuloma, infectious Horse 1 Grass tetany Cattle 2 -30. Table M. continued-- page k LABORATORY FINDINGS Halt worm Helminthiasis Helminthiasis Helminthiasis Helminthiasis Helminthiasis Helminthiasi s Helminthias is Hematology Hematology Hematoma Hemobortenel los is Hemophi lus Hemorrhage Hemorrhage- Hepatic cirrhosis Hepatic ci rrhos is Hepatic necrosis Hepati tis Hepatitis Histiocytoma Horn flies Hydrocephalus Ind igestion Infectious bronchitis Infectious synovitis Kidney stone Klebsiel la. suspect Lactobaci 1 lus Laryngitis, caseous Laryngitis, necrotic Lepidopteran sp. Leptospi rosis Leptospi ros i s Leptospi rosi s Leptospi rosis Leukos is Lipoblastoma Lipob lastoma Lipoma Lungers Lymphocytoma Lymphof ibroma Malnutr i tion Malnutr i tion Me lanoma Me t r i t i s Metr i tis Micrococcus Micrococcus enteritis SOURCE NUMBER Worm I Cattle 29 Deer 1 Dog 1 Goat 1 Horse 27 Poultry 3 Sheep 35 Cattle 1 Swine 1 Cattle 1 Cat 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Elk 1 Rabbit 1 Cattle 1 Dog 2 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 12 Swine 1 Poultry 2 Turkey 1 Poultry 1 Cat 1 Cattle 2 Eagle 1 Cattle 1 VJorm 1 Cattle 53 Dog 2 Horse 1 Swine 3 Poultry 9 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Dog 3 Sheep 1 Dog 2 Cattle 2 Poultry 2 Sw i ne 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 2 Sheep 1 Swine 1 Cattle I -31- Table II. continued--page 5 LABORATORY FINDINGS SOURCE iMUHBER Mixed bacteria Mixed bacteria Mixed bacteria Mixed bacteria Mixed bacteria Mixed-cell tumor Molt Monezia expansa Muscular dystrophy Mycobacterium paratuberculos is Mycobacterium tubercu los i s Mycobacterium tuberculos is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (avian) Mycoplasma gal 1 inar ium Mycosis i'lavel infection Navel infection i'!ei sser ia s p . Neonatal isoery throlys is Ueop lasm Neoplasm, adrenal Nephri tis Msphri tis Nephri tis Nephritis Nephroma Nephroma Neurofibroma 01 igochaeta sp. Omphal i tis Orchitis (E. coli) Ovarian histology Ovine virus abortion Oxytropus sericea Pan leukopenia Papi I loma Pasteurel la encephalitis Pasteure 1 la hemolytica Pasteurel la hemolytica Pasteurel la hemolytica Pasteurel la hemolytica Pasteure I la hemolytica Pasteurel la hemolytica Pasteure 1 la mu 1 tocida Pasteure I la mul toci da Pasteure I la mu 1 tocida Pasteurel la pseudotuberculos Is Pasteurel la tu larens is Ped iculos is -32- Cattle k Chinchi 1 la 1 Dog 1 Horse 2 Swine 2 Dog 1 Poultry 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 5 Cattle 2 Poultry 9 Rabbit 1 Cattle 2 Poultry 8 Sheep 1 Cattle k Sheep ] Goat 1 Horse 1 Poultry 1 Elk 1 Cattle k Horse 1 ?oul try 6 i.wine 1 Poultry 3 Swine 1 Dog 1 Worm 1 Poultry 2 Cattle 1 Elk 3 Sheep 8 Weed 1 Cat 6 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Cattle 7 Chinchi 1 la 1 Deer 1 Horse 1 Sheep 2 Swine 6 Cnt I Cattle 1 Swine 1 Sheep 1 Beaver 3 Cattle 1 Table II. continued--page 6 LABORATORY FINDINGS Perforated ulcer Per i ton! tis Peritonitis Photosens i t i zation P i ty r i a s i s rosea Plasmacytoma Pneumonia Pneumonia Poisoning, barbiturate Poisoning, cocklebur Poisoning, ergot Poisoning, hemlock Poisoning, larkspur Poisoning, loco Poisoning, pentachlor Poisoning, lOBO Poisoning, IO8O Pseudomonas Pseudomonas aerogenosa Pseudomonas arthritis Pseudoscorpion Psoroptes equi var. £v_[£ Pulmonary emphysema Pulmonary artery rupture Rabies Rabies Rhinitis, atrophic Rhinitis, infectious Rhinotrachei tis Rh ipicephalus sanguineus Rickets Ruptured liver Ruptured oviduct Salmonel la (unidentified) Safmonel la blockley Sa Imone 1 la i nfant 1 s Sa Imonel la pul lorum Sa Imone 1 la sp. Sa Imone 1 la tennessee Salmonel la typhimur ium Sa Imone 1 la typhimuri urn Sa Imone 1 la typhimurium Sa Imone 1 la typhimurium var. Copenhagen Sarcoid Sarcoptes scabei Sarcospor idiosis Seminoma Simul ium gri seum Spondy litis SOURCE Cattle Cattle Poultry Sheep Swine Dog Cattle Swine Dog Sw i ne Swine Cattle Cattle Sheep Cattle Dog Horse Cattle Cattle Cattle Tick Elk Cattle Cattle Bat Skunk Swine Sw i ne Cattle Dog Turkey Chicken Chi cken Mink Sheep Poultry Poultry Poultry Poultry Cattle Horse Swine Horse Horse Swine Cattle Dog Horse Swine NUMBER 2 3 3 1 1 1 16 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 10 2 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 I •33- Table II. continued — page 7 LABORATORY FIMDINGS Staphy lococc! Staphy lococci Staphy lococci Staphy lococci Staphy lococci Staphy lococci Staphy lococci Staphylococci, abortion Staphylococci, Infection Staphylococci, infection Staphylococci, infection Staphylococci, infection Staphylococci, infection Staphylococci, infection Staphylococci, septicemia Streptococcus equi Streptococcus zooepidemicus Suffocation Synovitis, infectious Torsion, intestinal Tort i col 1 is Toxascari s leonina Transaminase Trauma Trauma Trauma Trauma Trauma Trichomonas ga 1 1 i nae Trichophyton Trichophyton U Ice rat ion Ulceration Urethr i ti s Urinary calcul i Urine analysis Vibrio fetus Vibrio fetus Vi rus d iarrhea Visceral gout Yeast Zygadenus SOURCE NUMBER Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv ty ty ty ty ty ty ty Buffalo Cat Cattle Chinchi 1 la Guinea pig Sheep Swine Cattle Cat Cattle 71 Poultry Rabbit Sheep Swine 37 Horse Horse Horse Myna bird Poultry Swine Cattle Cat Cattle Cat Deer Poultry Rabbit Swine Pigeon Cattle Deer Cattle Horse Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle 68 Sheep 15 Cattle Poultry 11 Cattle Plant Beaver Buffalo Cattle 293 Chicken Chinchi ! la Goat Goose ■3k- Table II. continued-'-page & LABORATORY FIMDIIiGS Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv Microbial sensitiv ty ty ty ty ty ty p'g i^egative liegat I'vlegat Negat Negat Megat Me gat Megat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat ilegat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Megat Negat Negat Negat Negat ive ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve anaplasmosis antiirax anthrax Aspergi 1 lus atrophic rhinitis bacterial abortion bacterial abortion bacterial abortion bacterial abortion bluetongue CRD C lostr id ium Clostridium CI . botul inum C 1 . botu 1 inum C 1 . botu 1 i num C I . chauve i C 1 . hemoly t icum CI . perf r ingens C 1 . perf r ingens coccidiosis coccidios is contamination diphtheria distemper encepha lomyel i t is ergot erysipelas fit for food fit for food fit for food hepat i tis hydrocephalus infectious anemia I BR and SF-^t Leptosoi ra Leptospi ra Listeria mange mi tes mange mites muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophy M. paratuberculos is SOURCE Guinea Horse Mi Ik Rabbit Sheep Swine Cattle Cattle Swine Poultry Swine Cattle Horse Sheep Swine Sheep Poultry Cattle Sheep Cattle Horse Poultry Cattle Cattle Cattle Sheep Poultry Rabbit Bacter in Cattle Dog Horse Cattle Swine Cattle Deer Swine Dog Horse Cattle Cattle Cattle Dog Cattle Cattle Horse Cattle Horse Cattle NUMBER 2 6 9 2 18 ho 5 6 2 1 1 269 2 11 1 1 1 3 3 I 2 1 3 9 57 16 1 1 8 I 1 5 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 15 I 6 I 1 17 2 2 •35- Table II. continued--page 9 LABORATORY FINDINGS Negative mycosis Negative mycosis Negative my cos is Negative mycosis Negative mycosis Negative mycosis Negative my cos is Negative OVA Negative parasi tism Negative parasi tism Negative parasi tism Negative parasi tism Negative parasi tism Negative paras i ti sm Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria i^egative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negat i ve pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogen ic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative pathogenic bacteria Negative psittacosis Negative psi ttacosis Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies i\legat ive rabies Negative rabies Negat ive rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies Negative rabies i^legat ive rabies SOURCE NUMBER Cat 1 Cattle 2 Deer 2 Dog 1 Horse 2 Muskrat 1 Swine 1 Sheep 3 Cattle 23 Dog 1 Horse k Rabbit 1 Sheep 23 Swine 1 Antelope 1 Beaver 1 Cat 2 Cattle k\e Chinchi 1 la 10 Deer 1 Dog 10 Elk 1 Goat 1 Goose 1 Guinea fowl 12 Horse 19 Meat wrappe r 1 Mink 3 Pigeon 1 Poultry 28 Rabbit 5 Sheep 17 Skunk I Sparrow 1 Swine 53 Parakeet k Tanninger I Bat 5 Cat 2^ Cattle 12 Chipmunk 2 Coyote 2 Deer 1 Dog 39 Fox 2 Gopher 2 Hamster 3 Horse 1 Mink 3 Monkey 1 Mouse 6 Muskrat 3 •36- Table II. continued — page 10 LABORATORY FINDiNGS Negat Negat Negat Megat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Negat Megat Negat Negat iJegat Negat Negat Negat Negat Unsat TOTAL ve rabies ve rabies ve rabies ve rabies ve rabies ve Sa Imone 1 la ve ^. pu 1 lorum ve tissue identification ve toxins ve toxoplasmosis ve tricliomonias is ve tuberculosis ve tuberculosis ve tularemia ve tularemia ve tularemia ve Vibrio fetus ve Vibrio fetus ve vi ral hepati t i s sfactory specimens SOURCE NUMBER Rabbit k Rat 3 Skunk 19 Squi rrel 3 Weasel 2 Swine 1 Eggs 15 Diaphragm 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 8 Cattle 9 Cattle 1 Poultry I Beaver 5 Rabbit 2 Tick 2 Cattle lit Sheep 1 Dog 1 Various _ 62 3.262 •37- Table lit. Serology Report LABORATORY TESTS Anaplasma CF test Anaplasma CF test Anaplasma CF test Bz, abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test (field) Br. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test B_r. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test Br. abortus agg. test Brucel la ring test, cream Bruce 1 la ring test, milk SOURCE Cattle Deer Elk Buffalo Cattle Cattle Deer Dog Elk Goat Horse Human Swine Cattle Cattle POSITIVE NEGATIVE SUSP. 7 273 6 2 3 13 2 1 6 6 62 51,^23 2.390 990 39 39 2 2 915 ^5 39 2 2 10,836 185 7.531 12 5.233 29 *Encephalomyel itis CF test Horse 10 !BR test Cattle 2 L. canicola aqq. test Dog k L. canicola aqq. test Human 1 L. i ctsrchemorrhagiae agg. test Dog k L. icteroiiemorrhagiae agg. test Human 1 L. pomona agg. test Buffalo o k8 8 L. pomona agg. test Cattle U^9 ^.155 161 L. pomona agg. test Dog k j.. pomona agg. test Elk 598 2 L. pomona agg. test Horse 1 19 k L. pomona agg. test Human 1 L. pomona agg. test Sv/ine 6 156 1 Newcastle HI test Chicken 2 Q fever CA test Cattle 19 25^ Q fever CA test Human 1 S. pul lorum agg. test Poultry 1 5. pul lorum agg, test (fie Id) Poultry i+2 itO,82i+ TOTALS 529 123,222 2,8^4 ''Tested at f\i.-fcky MountJiii Laboratory , Haiitl 1 ton, Montana. -38- 311 1 225 ^9 225 90 2 Table IV. Milk and Cream Bacter lological Report CREAM IM COMPLIANCE HOT IM COMPLIANCE Antibiotic determination Bacterial count Col iform count Q fever CA test TOTALS 763 I'+O Mi LK Antibiotic determination 3,357 15 Bacterial count 3,501 233 Col iform count 1,577 1,18S ^Mastitis 157 ' 246 Psycrophi les 6 0 fever CA test 262 2 TOTALS 8,854 1,688 ''€• cpJLi 27 E. col i and aerogenes 2 E. coli and streptococci 3 Staphlococcus 53 Staphlococci and streptococci 119 Streptococcus 40 TOTAL 11,445 ■39- Table V. Chemical Analyses--Toxlcology Copper Arsenic Mercury Lead Strychnine + - + - +- +- + Ashes--bran bait I Avian--stomach contents 2 I Bones 1 1 1 9 11 Bovine--kidney and liver Bovine--stomach contents 7 6 ^7 15 37 18 12 32 5 15 Canine--kidney and liver Canine--stomach contents Caprine--kidney and liver 3 6 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 Equi ne-- 1 i ver Equine--stomach contents 5 2 5 1 k 5 2 Feed Fel ine--kidney Fence post chips 2 5 1 5 2 3 1 1 7 1 Meat 1 Porcine — kidney and liver Porcine — stomach contents 1 Powder, unknown 1 5 3 1 5 3 2 Ovine--kidney and liver Ovine--stomach contents 3 1 3 1 3 1 Salt Soi 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 Water Wild duck — stomach contents 1 8 8 I 2 8 1 TOTALS 1 0 19 117 3 96 30 85 TOTAL 383 20 ■kO' Table VI . Chemical--B1ood Analyses C alcium Carotene Maanesium Phc )sphc )rus Vi tamin A Low Nor. Hi . Low Nor. Hi. Low Nor. Hi . Low Nor Hi| Low Nor. Hi. Bovine 31 104 3^ 160 143 6 17 52 7 82 Sh 34 1 193 39 1 Elk 253 253 253 251 Equine 2 k 3 1 2 2 3 1 6 2 1 Ovine 7 k 1 3 2 10 2 8 5 1 Porcind ■1 , I ^_ „ 1 1 _ 22 309 10 83 333 38 203 355 2 40 3S5 37 163 143 TOTAL 2,109 Table VII. Chemical — Milk and Cream Analyses Milk and cream samples 1,177 Table VIII. Chemical-~Analyses of Water for Livestock Consumption Fi t Questionab le Unf i t Water 57 14 Table IX. Chemical — ijuantatative Nitrate Analyses Feeds Water Table X. Chemical--Mi seel laneous Analyses 38 Total 109 Fit Questionable Unfit Total 123 13 16 152 105 14 2 121 273 Aluminum foil — metal Bovine abdominal fluid — nitrate Bovine blood--ni trate Bovine livei — nitrate Bovine livei — vitamin A Bovine serum--globul in turbidity Bovine serum — SCOT Feed — ch lor ide Feeds — vitamin A Porcine 1 iver--vi tamin A V^atei — lead TOTAL 5 ] 22 8 4 158 3 1 2 1 2 207 TOTAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES 4.258 -41- Table XI. Autopsies Performed Bat Beaver Cat Cattle 6 6 21 628 Chicken 251 Chinchilla '' Chipmunk ^ Deer Dog Duck Goat Goose TOTAL FIELD TESTS 1 36 1 1 3 Gopher ^5 Guinea fowl Hamster Horse Magpie Mink Monkey Mouse Muskrat 18 3 5 3 7 k 12 2 Myna bird ^ Parakeet ^ Pigeon Rabbit Rat Sheep Skunk Squi rrel Starl ing Swi ne 2 15 9 9^ 15 k 1 Weasel TOTAL ''260 ]Clk ^19 TOTAL LABORATORY TESTS k] 90\ GRAND TOTAL 1^+6,820 -k2- HILK AND DAIRY INSPECTION One of the very important responsibilities of the Livestock Sanitary Board is to assure every man, woman and child that they will always be able to purchase milk and cream that are safe and wholesome. It is with distinct pleasure that we can report to the Board that, with the cooperation of the dairy industry, this responsibility has been again accomplished this year. It is with particular pleasure knowing the tragedy of milk-borne diseases, that we can again report as has been done for many years, that there was not one single milk-borne disease originating from a licensed dairy or milk plant. As a result of this the milk producers and distributors have obtained consumer confidence in their product not enjoyed in many parts of the world. This is a well-earned reputation ob- tained by the dairy industry. May we always be able to assist them in maintain- ing this confidence and reputation. It is established, using the U.S. Public Health Service "Methods of Milk Sanitation Ratings of Milk Sheds" that Montana milk plant producer -dai ri es have a sanitation compliance rating of 90%, milk plants - 89% and a pasteurized milk rating of 90% at the close of the fiscal year, Montana licensed milk plants distribute 21,466,525 gallons of pasteurized milk, cream and fluid milk products to Montana consumers each year (58,785 gallons daily). Licensed retail raw dairies distribute 318,5^5 gallons of raw milk annually (873 gallons daily). A percentage of 98.6 of the milk and cream distributed in Montana has the added public health protection of pasteuri- zation. Raw milk accounts for l.if%of the total milk supply offered Montana consumers . To conduct the dairy and milk inspection work that will assure a safe milk supply in this State covering a very large area, required the following major i terns of work: 1,770 dairy inspections 175 milk plant inspections 6,236 bovine tuberculin tests 12,805 brucellosis ring tests 322 Q-fever tests 10,5^2 bacterial counts 3,684 antibiotic detection tests 3,078 conform tests 403 mastitis tests 1 , 1 77 chemical analyses 40, 192 TOTAL Dairy and milk plants licensed during the fiscal year were: 494 Producer dairy licenses issued 19 Retail raw dairy licenses issued 45 Milk plant licenses issued -43- TABLE I . Sanitation Compliance Scores (Percent Compliance with Hontana Livestock Sanitary Board sanitation requl at ions) . Gal Ions So d Pasteuri zed Mi Ik Plant Dai ly Plant Score % Producer 's Score 91 % Milk Rating 25 -1 3021 99 95 25 -2 3285 95 91 93 25 -7 1240 93 90 92 25 -8 100 67 80 74 25-10 6530 100 91 96 25-n 277 69 89 79 25-13 15 95 95 95 25-14 110 92 85 89 25-15 102 85 92 89 25-16 3000 99 95 97 25-17 35 86 85 86 25-18 4800 100 93 96 25-19 1677 87 89 88 25-20 2275 92 90 91 25-21 2681 91 93 92 25-22 100 87 92 90 25-23 136 94 93 94 25-24 259 90 91 91 25-25 2450 96 91 94 25-26 188 86 89 88 25-28 1655 75 93 84 25-29 no 81 96 89 25-30 1440 79 92 86 25-3 i 1565 85 86 86 25-32 4380 91 90 3\ 25-33 265 75 96 86 25-34 390 95 95 95 25-35 435 S5 81 88 25-36 181 87 93 90 25-37 1730 82 81 82 25-38 2080 94 92 93 25-39 1655 96 91 94 25-40 1200 86 93 90 25-41 364 94 78 86 25-42 310 94 89 92 25-43 175 85 92 89 25-44 1315 93 91 92 25-45 55 86 98 92 25-46 809 92 88 90 25-47 6390 92 87 90 TOTAL; 58785 Average 89 Average 90 Average 90 •44- TASLE I I . Sanitation Compliance Scores of Retail Raw Dairies Dai ry Gal Ions Sold Dai ly Dai ry Score % R -1 35 97 R -2 100 93 R -k 30 8i+ R -5 45 91 R -6 100 80 R -7 ^5 80 R -8 54 81 R-10 30 90 R-n 20 96 R-14 85 82 R-15 37 94 R-19 68 93 R-21 21 90 R-24 15 99 R-25 30 91 R-29 ■ 30 84 R-30 7 82 R-31 16 100 R-32 _35 90 TOTAL: 873 Average 89 'k5- MEAT AND SLAUGHTERHOUSE INSPECTION SLAUGHTERHOUSE INSPECTION - Livestock Sanitary Board licenses were issued to 59 slaughterhouses and 2 meat depots during the fiscal year. Three poultry slaughterhouses were licensed. There were 63 slaughterhouse inspections made. MEAT INSPECTION - Meat inspection was maintained in 17 slaughtering establishments by the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board. These establishments are: ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER NAME ADDRESS 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 12 13 }k 16 18 19 21 22 23 26 John R. Daily, Incorporated John Schramm Circle K Packing Company Montana Meat Company Vandevanter Brothers Guy Barsotti Quick Freeze Packing Plant Havre Abattoi r Curt Biastoch Vol Imer & Sons Roberts Packing Company Mickey's Packing Plant New Butte Butchering Company Rocky Mountain Packing Company Mi 1 ler-V/i nckler Incorporated Montana State College Miles City Packing Company Missoula Missoula Kal ispel 1 Helena Kal i spel 1 Great Fal Is Li vi ngston Havre Butte Bozeman Di 1 1on Great Fal Is Butte Havre Lewis town Bozeman Miles City Federal meat inspection is maintained at the following; 301 Great Falls Meat Company Great Falls 857-G Needham Packing Company Great Falls 339 Midland Empire Packing Company Billings 691 Pierce Packing Company Billings Forty slaughtering establishments operate without meat inspection. The number of animals slaughtered in the various slaughterhouses during the f i seal year was: FOUR PLANTS SEVENTEEN PLANTS THIRTY-EIGHT PLANTS FEDERAL MEAT INSP. STATE MEAT INSP. WITHOUT MEAT INSP. Cattle 79,156 37,388 10,056 Calves 965 735 Swine 208,539 67,8it3 16,618 Sheep 5,680 111,876 920 TOTALS: 287,695 28,329 A total of 427,900 animals was slaughtered in licensed establishments last year. Of the total 67.2% were slaughtered in the four plants under Federal meat inspection, 25.9% were s]aught&rcd under State meat inspection and 6.3% were slaughtered without m&at i nspection. ■ke- A total of 67 diseases and other conditions was found in the animals slaughtered under State and Federal meat i nspect ion which caused the entire animal or part to be unfit for human consumption resulting in condemnation of that carcass or part. Following is the number of entire carcasses found unfit for food under meat inspection: NUMBER OF ANIMALS STATE INS P. FEDERAL iNSP. 133^ 215 Cattle 3 Calves 150 ^51 Swi ne 2 Sheep 238i 666 ESTIMATED DRESSED WEIGHT 118,250 pounds 600 " 8i+, li+0 " 9k " TOTAL: 954^ 202, OW " The following parts of animals were found unfit for food under State and Federal meat inspection: TOTAL: NUMBER OF PARTS 3S,kkk 3 ^8,5if5 1,081 88,073 Cattle Calves Swine Sheep ESTIMATED WEIGHT 335,^88 pounds 6 " it8,5^5 " 2,162 " 386,201 This represents a total estimate of 588^, 285 pounds of meat found totally unfit for human consumption and removed from food channels during the year in Montana. One cow in every 383, one calf in every 321, one pig in every ^33 and one sheep in every 2,8^0 head slaughtered were condemned as unfit for human consumption. Another source of economic loss was the condemnation of 32,325 beef livers, or one liver out of every four cattle was found diseased. The public health significance of meat inspection is self-evident. Processing and labeling part of meat inspection, - an extremely important part - is not conducted at present under State meat inspection. Ever increasing volumes of meat are being converted into processed and manufactured meat products, The Montana Livestock Sanitary Board has been directed by laws and has provided regulations to carry out processing and labeling inspection. The establishment of processing and labeling inspection would accomplish the following: 1. Assure that only safe, wholesome meats are used under strict sanitary conditions in the manufacture and processing of meat products. 2. Prevent the substitution of farinaceous substances and other inferior sr^d less expensive products in place of meat in processed meat products, 3. Require labeling of the exact ingredients and the Montana label of "Inspected and Passed" on all meat products offered for sale. k. Prevent the use of harmful preservatives, coloring materials, dyes, and (materials used to pic^diice f^eception, -h7- 5. Assure processing of pork products to destroy Trichina. V/e are certain that the amount of money to conduct the processing and labeling inspection part of meat inspection would be returned to Montana meat products consumers several times each year. Starting in April 196if district deputy State veterinarians were in- structed to inspect all foreign imported meat at slaughtering establishments, meat depots and meat packing houses. Sixty thousand pounds of fresh, boneless- beef in frozen 60-pound packages were found and inspected on two Montana pre- mises. The meat was from Australia. The packages bore the inspection legend of the Australian government and the inspection legend of the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. The meat was found to be properly packaged to prevent contamination and appeared safe and wholesome. The meat was imported through the Seattle Port where it was inspected by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The inspections revealed that the previous fall (October 1963) six establishments had purchased and used imported meat. The implementation of meat products and labeling inspection would pro- vide for proper inspection of all meats used in meat products. A detailed report of diseases found, animals inspected and condemned under Montana Livestock Sanitary Board meat inspection is shown on the next page. -48- SPECIES SUMMARY CATTLE OF POST-MORTEM SI.' I NE INSPECTION CALVES SHEEP Food Cooking Condemned Total: 37,254 3 A 133 lA 37,388 67,843 150 962 67,993 S65 5,678 5,680 DISPOSITION OF CARCASSES & PARTS DIAGNOSIS CAT- rLe S\'/ INE CALV ES SHEEP Cond. Parts Cond. Cond. Parts Cond„ Cond. Part; Cond, Cond. Parts Cond. Abscesses 6 58i^ 19 2879 1 itS Actinomycosis 36i^ 3 Adenoma 1 Adhes ions 30 Anasarca 1 Arthritis 1 1 11 25 1 1 Ascites 2 ■ Bruises, injuries, etc. isi 248 7 172 Cacliexia 23 1 3 Cancer 1 Contami nat ion 23 235 Caseous lesions 2i+6 Cysticercosis, bovis 1 Cy3ticercosis, tennui.. 26 Edeina 1 Empliysema 3 Empyema 1 Enteri tis 5 1 Er>i thel ioma 37 IOC I 87 Erysipelas 1 1 i Hemorrhaqic enteritis 2 1 Hydrops 1 1 Hyperkeratos is 1 Icterus 26 4 1 Keratitis 8 Livers 26 25368 3 i 436 Lymphadenitis 1 1 Lymphocytoma 1 Lymphoma, malignant I Melanosi s 1 ' Metastasis 1 1 Metritis h Metritis 6 septicemia I Nephritis h Paras i t i sm 3 324 Pericardi tis 5 26 1 735 I Peri toni tis 4 1 Pleuri tis 2 Pneunop' a 3 42 1 Pyelonephritis 3 Pyemi a 1 1 Sarcosporidiosis 1 Sci rrhour, cord 1 Septicemia 9 16 1 Sex Odor 2 -43- DIAGNOSIS: Sinust tis CATTLE Cond. Parts Cond, SW Cond. NE Pai-ts Cond. CALVES SHEEP ;ond. Parts Cond. ;ond. Parts Cond, Stomatitis, mycotic Streptococci Submaxillary phlegmon Tuberculosis ]k8k Ulcer Unclean heads 1267 Uremi a Uri nary calcul i TOTALS: 1333 1521 150 32860 1081 BEEF LIVERS CONDEMNED: Abscesses 7,2tt0 Ci rrhosis 95 Telangiectasis 73 Sawdust k}e Carotenes is 9 Distomiasis l,85i+ Mi seel laneous hn Contamination 8 TOTAL: 10,142 ■50- RENDERING PLANTS Twelve rendering plants were issued licenses by the Livestock Sanitary Board during the year, an increase of one over last year. This very important service provided by rendering plants in 12 areas in Montana assists very materially in protecting livestock and human health if properly conducted; if not, the rendering plant and its operation serve to endanger livestock and human health. We recommend continued strict en- forcement of sanitary operation of these plants and their vehicles. SWINE GARBAGE FEEDING Twenty-two garbage-feeding establishments were licensed, an increase of two over the previous year. The enforcement of the garbage-cooking law has been an important fac- tor in eliminating hog cholera and vesicular exanthema in swine, and in ma- terially reducing the public health danger of trichinosis. With the cooperation of the USOA, Agricultural Research Service, 528 inspections of garbage-feeding establishments were made during the year. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION There was again a marked increase in the number of artificial insemina- tor's licenses issued. Licenses were issued or renewed to I89 artificial inseminators. There were 86 licenses issued in I963, ^S in 19^2, and 22 in 1961. This reflects the great increase in artificial insemination of beef cattle in the state. Just about all bovine semen used in artificial originates is from bull studs maintained in other states. Montana law provides that all sires used as a source of semen to be used for artificial insemination in Montana must be proven free of contagious, infectious diseases and proven to be pure of breed and devoid of hereditary defects. With the increase of artificial insemination in the state, there has been in some instances difficulty in ob- taining proof of freedom of disease and purity of breed from some operators of bull studs. The proof of health and purity of breed is obtained on in- dividual sire health certificates as recommended by the National Association of Artificial Breeders and the United States Livestock Sanitary Association. These must be obtained by the Board annually to renew permits to ship semen into Montana. To facilitate compliance with the artificial insemination lav/ and Regulation 1523, Order No. 207 was adopted. At the end of the fiscal year it does appear that Order No. 207 will be most useful in obtaining com- pliance by the out-of-state bull studs. It is fortunate, prior to this increase in artificial insemination of cattle, that Montana has a good law to prevent the dissemination of disease through bovine semen and artificial insemination. The potential of one dis- eased bull through artificial insemination spreading disease is truly great. We recoiiimeiKJ the Board insist on coivp}ete co/irpliance with this livestock health protective measure. •51- QUARANTINED FEED LOTS One quarantined feedlot was maintained under the provisions of the regulation contained in Chapter 20. The advances made in bovine brucellosis eradication make it unnecessary to maintain brucellosis quarantined feedlots for the purpose of feeding untested and brucellosis-infected cattle. The maintenance of such centers could be a detriment to brucellosis-free herds and areas. We therefore recommend that the establishment and maintenance of brucellosis quarantined feedlots be discontinued. LITIGATION There was no litigation during the year. -52- REGULATIONS No new regulations were adopted during the year. ORDERS The following official orders were issued during the fiscal year: Order No. 202 Assigning official code numbers to pasteurization plants licensed by the Board. Order No. 203 Declaring Custer County a modified certified brucellosis area. Order No. 204 Declaring Powder River County a modified certified bru- cel losi s area. Order No. 205 Placing Carter and Fallon Counties under rabies quaran- tine. Order No. 206 Placing Powder River County under rabies quarantine. Order No. 207 An order establishing procedures for obtaining a permit, as required by Regulation 1523, to ship bovine semen into Montana. -53- PERSONNEL One of the most serious problems continues to be the inability to maintain a complete scientific staff. During most of the fiscal year the position of district deputy state veterinarian in charge o^ District 6, with headquarters at Butte, remained vacant. After remaining vacant for approxi- mately two years, the position was filled. The position for a qualified person to be in charge of the dairy and milk inspection program has been vacant for over six months. Through retirement, positions for meat inspec- tion will soon have to be filled, with no prospects for filling them. Adequate key personnel must be maintained at the laboratory. Technological advances in preventative medicine and veterinary medi- cine, new laboratory techniques, new livestock disease problems and how to cope with them demand dedicated individuals with extensive education and scientific training and background on the Livestock Sanitary Board staff if the people and livestock industry of Montana are to receive the kind of ser- vice they deserve and demand by statute. Scientifically trained and skilled people, especially those who must denote eight to ten years of formal education to acquire basic technical knowledge to enable them to start to develop their skills, are in short sup- ply in the nation. Private practice, private industry, and the federal government have been able to financially compete and obtain the services of those available. This then, unfortunately, makes it most difficult for many states to maintain adequate scientific staffs or forces them in to trying to maintain services with inadequately trained scientific personnel. Either situation is not good. We sincerely believe that if the states are to main- tain adequate protection for their livestock industries and the milk and meat consuming public from the ravages of livestock diseases, this situation will have to be resolved in the near future. LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD STAFF The contents of the annual report represent the dedicated and hard work of many in the field, in the laboratories, in the packing plants, and in the office, I sincerely hope it adequately reflects their good work in the public service. It is a privilege for me to recommend to the Livestock Sanitary Board that they commend the entire staff for their accomplishments during the year. ■5k' CO-OPERATING AGENCIES The Montana Livestock Sanitary Board's duties and responsibilities are accomplished through the co-operation, advice and assistance of many. To the following we express our sincere thanks: 1. Agricultural Research Service, U, S. Department of Agri- culture, and Dr. 0, J. Halverson, who is in charge of their Montana activities 2. Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, Bozeman 3. Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton k, Montana State Board of Health 5. U. S. Public Health Service 6. Montana Agricultural Extension Service 7. City and county health departments 8. Montana Stockgrowers Association 9. Montana V.'ool growers Association 10. Montana milk distributors 11. Montana milk producers 12. Montana hatcherymen -55- FINANCIAL STATEMENT July I, 1963 - June 30, 196it FUMDS AVAILABLE General Fund Appropriation No. Operation 6^7-2 $166,535 Capital (Encumbered from 1962-63) I76 Capital 6i+7-3 6,965 Grants and Benefits Gk7-k 10,000 Meat Inspection 6^7-6 63.540 Total $2^7,266 L.S.B. Earmarked Revenue Account 215100 Operation (Encumbered from I362-63) 2,278 Operation (Encumbered from lS52-63--Cancel led) -1,068 Operation 302-1 126.987 Total 128,177 Total All Funds Available for 1963-6^+ $375,^^3 EXPENDITURES General Fund Operation 6^+7-2 $164,1^+0 Capital (Encumbered from I962-63) I76 Capital 6^+7-3 6,482 Grants and Benefits 647-4 9,535 Meat Inspection 647-6 58.099 Total $230,432 L.S.B. Earmarked Revenue Account 215100 Operation (Encumbered from I962-63) 1,190 Operation 302-1 1 0 1 . 948 Total 103. 138 Total All Expenditures in 1963-64 341.570 Balance Forwarded to 1964-65 Fiscal Year $ 33,873 Fli'lANCIAL STATEMENT OF LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD EARMARKED REVENUE ACCOUNT 215100 Cash Balance 6-30-63 $ 17,655 I ncome — Interest on U.S. Government Bonds 823 -''Livestock Taxes 125.378 Total Cash Balance and Income $143,861 Expend! tures Operation (Encumbered from I962-63 1,190 Operation 302-1 101.94 Total Expenditures 103. 138 Cash Balrince 6-30-64 $ 40,723 Plus Reserve in U.S. Government Bonds 30. 000 Total Funds in L.S.B. Earmarked Revenue Account 215100 on 6-30-64 $ 70,723 FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD EMERGENCY REVENUE ACCT. 215000 ^'""Reserve in U.S. Government Bonds 6-30-64 (Including interest) S 86.58O *-.WrLicense Fees Collected 1963-64 $ 2.503 *3 mills on cattle and sheep. -vnVDes ignated to be held in reserve for emergency use in controlling dangerous disease outbreaks. ■'"''•'•Giihiiii tted direct to the State of i'lontana--Genera I Fund. -56. SUMhARY Oy.l\R.iOR ACTVyiTlES .DUtHHG THE FlSCiXLY^ftR Dairy and Milk Plant Inspections ',9'+5 Slaughterliouse Inspections ^3 Rendering Plant Inspections 12 Cattle Backtagged 100,2i+6 Cattle Tested for Tuberculosis 18,072 Ante-mortem and Post-mortem — Meat Inspection 111,876 Animals Inspected at Livestock Markets 1,124,086 Animals Inspected for Interstate Shipment 1,212,70^ Miscellaneous Animal Inspections 222,061 Pul lorum-typhoid Tests if0,866 Laboratory Tests 100,661 Chemical Analyses 4. 258 TOTAL TESTS, ANALYSES, AND If.'SPECTIONS 2,936;850 Licenses issued; Dairies and Milk Plants Slaughterhouses Poultry Slaughterhouses Rendering Plants Garbage-cooking Establishments Artificial Inseminators TOTAL 558 61 3 12 22 JM 797 Respectfully submitted. J. W. SAFFiP.D Executive Jfficer and State Veterinarian ■57- INDEX Artificial insemination 5I Co-operating Agencies 55 Diagnostic Laboratory 26 Diseases-- Cattle 3 Dog 15 Horse \k Poultry 17 Sheep 10 Swine 12 Veterinarians' Report 20 Wild Animal 15 Feedlots — Quarantined . , ' 52 Finances 5^ Foreword 1 Garbage Feeding 5' Importation Report 2^+ Inspection — Animal 25 Dairy ^3 Meat ^6 Milk 43 Milk Plant k3 Post-mortem , ^+9 Rendering Plant 51 Slaughterhouse kS Laboratory Reports-- Autopsies k2 Bacteriology 28 Chemical kO Parasitology 28 Pathology 28 Serology 38 Litigation 52 Livestock Importations. ... 23 Livestock Markets 22 Morbidity Report 20 Orders Issued 53 Personnel 5^ Regulations 53 Suitmiary of Major Activities During the Fiscal Year. 57 •58- ':^^''"'""^''yos.