xX. 26 26
Fig. 5. Upper face of fifth joint, ; pre. 220 27
Fig. 6. Upper face of ninth joint, . ; x. 26 27
Fig. 7. Upper stem-joint, . : : x LG 27
Figs. 8, 9. Middle stem-joints, : 4 : Sy, SEG Pall
Figs. 10, 11. Lower stem-joints, : ao toe tals 27
Figs. 12-14. The basal ring, . : ; : : ee ce 226
Fig. 12. From above.
Fig. 13. From the side.
Fig. 14. From below.
Fig. 15. Distal face of first radial, re la) 231
Fie. 16. Distal face of second radial, . . : = ee 8 231
Fig. 17. Distal aspect of axillary, =. : : , ee Sig ND 231
Figs. 18, 19. Distal and proximal faces of the fifth brachial, . vey 16 232
Figs. 20, 21. Proximal and distal faces of an outer brachial, . ots wks 232
Figs. 22, 23. BaTHYCRINUS CAMPBELLIANUS, 0. Sp.
Figs, 22, 23. Proximal and distal faces of an outer brachial, . Bee SU) 232
1 This figure is wrongly lettered 7 on the plate.
Crinoidea.Pl.Vila.
TheVoyage of HM 5 Challenger’
Berjeau & Highley deleLlith PHC, dir Hanhart imp.
BATHYGRINUS ALDRIGHIANUS, Sp.n.
CAMPBELLIANUS, Sp.n
” ”
|
PLATE VIIb.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures.
A. Axial cord of ray or arm, ZL. Interradial ligament.
a’. Its branches. | 1. Basiradial ligament.
B, Basal ring. li. Interarticular ligament.
B,. First brachials. R,. First radials.
ai. Primary interradial cords, Id. Dorsal ligament.
C. Coelom or body-cavity. | R,. Second radials,
c. Network of connective tissue within the coclom. | R;. Third radials.
cco. Interradial portion of the circular commissure. re. Rectum.
ch. Cavities of the chambered organ, | rm. Muscles uniting the first and second radials.
Sg. Fore-gut. V. Vascular axis of stem.
G. Gut, | x. Plexiform gland,
BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS, Wyv. Thoms.
Fig. 1. Vertical section of the calyx, with the lower part of the disk,
Fig. 2. Horizontal section of the basal ring, .
Fig. 3. Horizontal section of the calyx at the level of the basiradial
suture, 4 : : 7 - a -
Fig. 4. Horizontal section of the radial pentagon at the level of the
circular commissure,
Fig. 5. Horizontal section of the calyx, through the articulation of the
first and second radials,
6.1 Horizontal section of the calyx, through the upper part of the
second radials, ;
g. 7.2 Horizontal section of the calyx, through the middle of the
third radials,
g. 8. Horizontal section of the disk, through the articulation of the
first and second brachials,
1 Tn the upper part of this figure a should be a’, as in the lower part.
2 On the left of this figure / should be L.
Diam.
20
45
45
20
20
Page
235
226
228
230
230
231
231
;
seryeau wh
The Voyage of HMS. Challenger”
&
hley delet hth
PHC. dir
BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS, Spn
Hanhart imp
ie
’
PLATE VILL
4 = e : a9 Pe he
HALL ea
us 5 RSS aeetan. i »
57
-
PLATE VIII.
BATHYCRINUS CAMPBELL IANUS, 0. Sp.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. Calyx and arms separated from the stem and basal ring, aK, OB 238
Fig. 2. The radials and arm-bases, —. aay eis : Ne 8 238
Fig. 3. Side view of one arm, . ; : : ; > 6 234
Fig. 4. Four of the lower arm-joints, from the side, . : <6 238
Fig. 5. Side view of a pinnule, mounted in dammar, . : Oe oe) 233
NV. B.—The magnification given above is only approximate, as it was not recorded at the time the Plate
was drawn, though I have endeavoured to work it out subsequently.
Crimoidea PI, VIII
HAMS. Challenger
he Voyage of
P Huth, Lith™ Edrat
Black, del. +
Ss
US
NU
BATHYCRI
Perr ea)
:
Prawodl ages Wels
enittish (Papigsig ce
4
‘
BOWTIE ion te Sakae THEM as yy
‘
§
ae ))0C™”C~*C PLAT VOT,
ae
os
A. Axial cord of arm. | J, Arm-joint.
a’, Its branches, 7d. Dorsal ligament.
ae, Ambulacral epithelium. | li, Interarticular ligament.
B,, Second brachial. | mp, Muscle-plate.
b, Radial blood-vessel. | m. Ventral or ambulacral nerve.
br. Plug of calcareous tissue, called a basal rosette by Sars. R,. First radial,
ce, Coeliac canal, re, Rectum.
cco, Interradial portion of circular commissure. 7m. Muscles uniting the first and second radials,
cp. Covering plate, | ste. Subtentacular canal,
G, Gut. T. Tentacle.
ge. Genital cord. vrf. Ventral radial furrow.
ge’. Genital canal. | W, Radial water-vessel,
ico. Intraradial portion of circular commissure. | x, Plexiform gland,
Figs. 1-8. Batuycrinus GRraciLis, Wyv. Thoms.
Fig. 1. Head and upper part of stem, .
Fig. 2. Middle part of stem,
Fig. 3. Lowest part of stem, . 2 ; y 7
Fig. 4. Ventral portion of a transverse section of an arm,
Fig. 5. An entire section through the middle of an arm-joint, .
Figs. 6-8. RHIzOCRINUS LOFOTENSIS, Sars.
Fig. 6. Horizontal section through the lower part of the radials, of
which there are six, ; : : : P
Fig. 7. Horizontal section of the calyx of the same individual at the
level of the articular faces of the radials, . :
Fig. 8. Horizontal section of the disk of a pentamerous specimen at
PLATE VIIa.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures,
the level of the second brachials, . A 5 :
Diam.
10
10
10
285
165
35
35
40
Page
243
27
27
236
236
250
252
254
The Voyage of HM.S.‘Challenger” Crinoidea FI Villa.
.
} Berjeau & Highley.delet hth . PHC. dir. Hanhart imp.
| I-3. BATHYCRINUS GRACILIS, WyTh.
4,5. BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS, Spn.
6-8. RHIZOCRINUS LOFOTENSIS, Sars.
PLATE IX.
Figs. 1, 2. Raizocrinus LOFOTENSIS, Sars.
Fig. 1. An entire specimen,
Fig. 2. The calyx and arms,
Figs. 3-5. RuizocrInus RAWSoONI, Pourtales.
Fig. 3. General view of an entire specimen with the exception of the
lowest part of the stem,!
Fig. 4. Portion of an arm, from the side,
Fig. 5. Dorsal aspect of an arm,
V.B.—The magnification is only approximate, as in Pl, VIII.
Diam.
12
12
Page
259
259
262
60
60
1 This figure was drawn from a dry specimen, parts of which had shown a tendency to separate ; and the gaps had
consequently been filled up with gum. In consequence of this the syzygy between the first two brachials of the middle
ray was wrongly drawn as a muscular joint like that between the second and third brachials.
It should have been
represented as a simple line without any gap between the joints, like the syzygies in the remaining part of the arm.
“Challenger.”
c
The Voyage of HMS
at
Stoo g
—— > oe g
r,
"
wn
graphere
AZ Johnston, Lith:
Wks.
ova:
RHIZOCRINUS LOFOTENSIS, M. Sars.
RAWSONI, POURTALES.
»
”
SS Piva wer
” o4, * Fy.9
PLATE X.
The same Letters occur in both Figures.
br. The plug of calcareous tissue in the centre of the radial funnel, which was called a basal rosette by Sars.
vrf. The ventral radial furrows of the calyx.
Figs. 1, 2. Ru1zocRINvs LOFOTENSIS, Sars.
Two views of a calyx with three of the first brachials remaining 7 situ.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. From above, : . ; ; : - was 252
Fig. 2. From the side, : 5 : : ; . Oo 266
Figs. 3-20. Ruizocrinus RAwsONI, Pourtalés.
Fig. 3. Calyx of a specimen from near the Azores; side view, eae 1100) 267
Fig. 4. The same from above, : ; ee Ka 250
Fig. 5. The same from below, : x 15 25
Fig. 6. Calyx of a specimen from off pes with the first iearhials
remaining in situ; from above, . F 2) x 16 254
Fig. 7. A similar view of the calyx of another co specimen which
has undergone reparation. All the first brachials are
visible and four of the small second brachials; while the
centre of the cup is occupied by the oral plates, . x 10 255
Fig. 8. Calyx of another specimen from the Azores with the first
brachials attached ; from above, . . ; eae 0 255
Fig. 9. Upper face of the top stem-joint of the Azores bislimesy repre-
sented in figs. 3-5, ; é - Se aS 25
Fig. 10. Upper face of the fourth joint of Ae same stem, : xo 15 25
Figs. 11,12. Terminal faces of two joints from rather above the midllle
of the stem ; fig. 12 representing that nearer the calyx, . x 15 26
Figs. 138, 14. Terminal faces of two joints from the lower part of the
stem ; fig. 13 representing that nearer the root, . » 6. SS 26
Fig. 15. The root of a specimen from Havana, 4 ~ xia 257
Fig. 16. Two stem-joints with attached Forasnmniven (Truncatulina
lobatula), E : ‘ . , 5 os SO 134
Fig. 17. Proximal face of an epizygal at an arm-syzygy, ; 5 ee le 254
Fig. 18. Distal face of the corresponding hypozygal, . : xl 254
Fig. 19. Dorsal view of the second and two following brachials, to dow
the backward projection of the proximal face of the second
brachial (an epizygal), x le 254
. 20. Side view of the upper part of the disk, tee rarhoval of one
arm. The arms have separated from the cup at the syzygy
between the first and second brachials, . : o) Sak aegis 255
The Voyage of HMS.‘Challenaer” Crinoidea. Pl. X
Jerjeau & Highley del.et lith.
PHC. dir
2 RHIZOCRINUS LOFOTENSIS, Saps
3-20 . RAWSON], Pourt
Hanhart imp
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Fig. 5. A nodal joint from the lower part of the stem; lower face, . x 4 ive
Fig. 6. The same ; upper face, : : : : ‘sXe ee 17
Fig. 7. Portion of an internode from near the top of the stem, me fe 18
Fig. 8. Nodal and internodal joints from the lower part of the stem,. x 2 305
Fig. 9. Face of a young internodal joint, —. : : se BCH hoe 15
Figs. 10, 11. Faces of older internodal joints, . BN OC a at 17
Fig. 12. Terminal face of a pinnule-joint, ; : FS ed 10
Fig. 13. Termination of an arm, : aX 2 300
Fig. 14. One of the middle arm-joints and its pinnule, : ss Ree 286
Fig. 15. The ambulacral skeleton of an outer pinnule, eG i)
Fig. 16. Ventral aspect of the basal joints of a lower pinnule, showing
the development of its ambulacral skeleton, : - 1 & 20 79
Voyage of HMS. ‘Challenger’
Ge GE lead ett eine Sena Saree rok
tS
ree
aay
Hanhart imp
PHC. dir
PENTACRINUS ASTERIA, Linn .
au & Highley del.et hth.
PLATE XIV.
PLATE XIV.
PENTACRINUS MULLERI, Oersted.
Natural size, p. 306.
iHMS."
he Voyage or
T
7
=
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MULLER]
PENTACRINUS
PLATE XV.
PLATE XV.
_ PENTACRINUS MULLERI, Oersted.
Diam. _ Page
Fig. 1. The calyx and arm-bases, : : ; x 2 311
Fig. 2. Another specimen with four radials, . ; : eames 12
Fig. 6. Lower or syzygial face of a nodal joint, - : a Oh ine
Figs. 7, 8. The ends of two pinnules, showing the termination of the
ambulacral skeleton ; from the side, 4 : a als 80
Fig. 9. The same; from above, : ; Pa 4) 312
ie Voyage of HM'S. Challenger’
Hanhart im;
PHC. dir.
PENTACRINUS MULLERI, Oersted .
au & Highley delet lith
PLATE XVI.
PENTACRINUS MACLEARANUS, Wyv, Thoms.
Diam
Fig. 1. The entire specimen, . ; . : : exe
Fig. 2, The end of a pinnule ; from the side, . ; : oe x) Ae
Fig. 3. Ventral aspect of the basal joints of a pinnule, showing the
ce)
development of its ambulacral skeleton, . : Ni ee
80
A© 154}
a &
2
oS.
ax
Crinoidea. Pl. XVI
West Newma
bene
SB SS5555
wobscepesect
WPUDEDEREES Sie
Wild & C.Berjeau dei F
The Voyage of H.M.S "Challenger :
sp.n
MACLEARANUS,
PENTACRINUS
fue any
PLATE, XVI.
rat
.
Lidge). pepe 4
nr
PLATE XVII.
Fig. 1. PENTACRINUS MACLEARANUS, Wyv. Thoms.
. Arm-groove of Pentacrinus maclearanus, . ‘
Figs. 2-6. PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys.
. Ambulacral skeleton of a pinnule ; from the side,
. The same, near the base of the pinnule ; from above,
. The arm-groove and brachial ambulacrum,
. Vertical section of a decalcified specimen. Much of the alimen-
tary epithelium has fallen away. The lobulated organ to
the right of the centre of the figure is the plexiform gland,
The disk of a dry specimen, .
Figs. 7, 8. Penracrinus AsTeRtus, Linn, sp.
Ventral aspect of one of the lower arm-divisions, showing the
ambulacral skeleton,
. The arm-groove and brachial ambulacrum,
Figs. 9, 10. Penracrinus MULLERI, Oersted.
. The arm-groove and brachial ambulacrum,
. The disk of a spirit-specimen,
Diam.
12
12
Page
80
320
320
320
33
320
79
79
80
311
Crinoidea PI.XVIL.
”
te
Voyage of HMS Challenger
ump.
Hanhart
P.H.C.Dir
|. PENTACRINUS MACLEARANUS, Sp.n. 2-6 P.WYVILLE THOMSONI, Jeffreys,
pjeau & Highley del,etlith
7,8.P.ASTERIA,L..9,10.P MULLERI, Jersted
PLATE XVI.
4
PLATE XVIII.
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys.
1. The head, with the upper part of the stem,
2. The calyx and arm-bases,
3. A young specimen,
gs. 4, 5. Upper and lower views of the radial pentagon,
os. 6, 7. An isolated basal from below and above,
8, 9. Proximal and distal faces of the third (axillary) radial,
. 10,11. Proximal and distal faces of the second radial,
Diam.
4
)
2
3
3
Page
313
320
21
30
293
50
50
Crinoidea. Pl. XVIII.
The Voyage of H.M.S."Challenger”
F Huth,lnth™ Edin®
S Black, del.
Jeffreys
WYVILLE -THOMSONI,
PENTACRINUS
SS Sr ES SSS ee ae Le eR ee RE SE FRETS ES a Es,
PLATE XIX,
’
PLATE XIX
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONT, Jeffreys.
Vig. 1. An entire specimen, .
Fig. 2. Portion: of an internode from near the top of the stem, See fas iy
| Fig. 3. Nodal and internodal joints from the upper part of the stem. . a 4
Fig. 4. Nodal and pees joints from the dower part of the stem, . pe: 4
Fig. 5. Portion of an internode from the lower part of the stem, ele ; x eA
Fig. 6. Interradial view of the calyx and arm-bases, ae
Fig. 7. Radial view of the same parts in another specimen,
an = HA ee oe |
J « we a Ri Re ’
Ne one wi sc
" a —
a
a
:
sy
. Rit i=
Au Riss
mt. @@) san
ius) ean»
Be
PLATE XX.
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONT, Jeffreys.
Diam. Page
Figs. 1-3. The ring of united basals, . 4 : : eg it) 282
Fig. 1. From below.
Fig. 2. From above.
Fig. 3. From the side.
Fig. 4. The central plug of limestone network within the calyx; from
above, : : : 3 : ; aXe O 34
Fig. 5. The same ; from below, : : : ; aay ee eO 34
Fig. 6. Interior view of the calyx, after removal of two radials and
one basal, . ‘ ; ; : . J ESz Al) 34
Figs. 7-9. The ring of united radials, . : ; pe ee si K(0), 33
ea
. 7. From the side.
a
. 8. From above.
a
oO
(=)
oO
to)
g. 9. From below.
Crinoidea
The Voyage of H.M.S. "Challenger
West lith W.B.C. dir West Newman
PENTACRINUS WAY VIP EEE = ii OMS:OiN I
PLATE XXI.
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys.
. A third or axillary radial,
a. Distal face,
b. Side view,
c. Dorsal view,
d. Proximal face, .
e. Ventral surface,
. A second or axillary distichal,
ot
t. Distal face,
b. Side view,
d. Proximal face, .
c. Dorsal view,
e.
Ventral surface,
. A first distichal,
a. Ventral surface,
b. Proximal face, .
. A first brachial, :
a. Ventral surface,
b. Proximal face,.. ; : :
c. The proximal face of another specimen,
. A second radial,
a. Distal face,
b. Ventral surface,
c. Proximal face, .
. A first radial, .
a. From beneath, .
b. Side view,
c. From above,
d. Distal face,
. An isolated basal,
a. From beneath, .
b, Side view,
Diam.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
313
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI,
PLATE XI.
les} SS} des) es]
So sie yates
me ge oe ge
PLATE XXII.
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys.
1. One of the upper stem-joints, .
2. The top stem-joint of a young specimen with a smaller one in-
terpolated above it,
3. A small interpolated joint,
4, Another interpolated joint, somewhat younger,
5. An older joint from the upper part of the stem, with an impres-
sion on its upper surface in which rested the young joint
shown in fig, 4,
6. The upper face of a young nodal joint,
7. A young internodal joint,
8. A somewhat older internodal joint,
gs. 9-12. Young internodal joints from the growing part of the stem,
with smaller ones interpolated above them at different stages
of development,
. 13. An older, but still immature internodal joint,
. 14. A young internodal joint from the upper part of the stem,
. 15. Upper face of a young nodal a from the upper a of the
stem,
g. 16. Lower or syzygial face of a nodal idee from the middle of the
stem,
. 17. Lower face of a supra-nodal joint from the upper part of the
stem,
. 18. Upper face of the comepeudee nodal joint,
Figs. 19-24. Mature joints from a little below the middle of the s
. 19. Upper face of a nodal joint,
20. Its lower or syzygial face,
. 21. The upper face of an infra-nodal joint,
22. Its lower face, . :
. 28, 24, Ordinary internodal joints,
5, 26. Old internodal joints from the lowest part of the stem,
. 27. An enlarged nodal joint from the end of the stem with its
lower face rounded and the central canal closed up,
28. Portion of the calcareous network forming the substance of the
stem-joints,
Diam.
xO
15
ae 1110)
x alo
be a a
Shader
Berjean& Highley delet lith . PHL. dir. Hanhart imp.
PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys .
PLATE XXY.
PENTACRINUS ALTERNICIRRUS, 0. sp.
Diam. Page
Head and upper part of stem, : : : ; x 2 321
Crinoidea. Pl. KXV
he Voyage of H.M.S."Challenger”
/]
J
vy
Ve
By!
a)
J
F Huth, Lith? Eadie”
S. Black, del
AEDT ERNIC LR RUS, Sprn-
PENTACRINUS
AY
PLATE XXVI.
PENTACRINUS ALTERNICIRRUS, 0. Sp.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. The disk, : : . . : 5 exes 77
Fig. 2. The anal interradius, enlarged, ; ; a as as
Figs. 3,4. Inner and outer surfaces of the two outer radials with the
distichals and palmars attached, . : : See as 50
Figs. 5,6. The third or axillary radial, : : 3 OS 5
Fig. 5. Proximal face.
Fig. 6. Distal face.
Figs. 7,8. The second radial, . ? : ; : * =Xeo 5
Fig. 7. Proximal face.
Fig. 8. Distal face.
Fig. 9. The lower face of a first radial, with one basal remaining
attached, . ‘ : ; : : a 293
Fig. 10. Distal face of a first radial, : ee ne 9
Fig. 11. The calyx from below, : : , ; UPS 33
Fig. 12. Side view of a nodal and infra-nodal joint in their relative
positions, . : : : : 3 ee oe 13
Figs. 13, 14. Upper and lower faces of a nodal joint, . . x 4 323
Figs. 15, 16. Upper and lower faces of the infra-nodal joint, —. tka oe 13
Fig. 17. Faces of internodal joints, ‘ : , : a Na 12
Fig. 18. Various stages in the development of internodal joints, Lae 12
e Voyage of H.M.S'Challenger” Crimoidea. Pl. XXVI
I
ack, del ¥ Huth, Iath? Edin®
PAESNGAIG RIN US AG IGESRoN SEG HbR OES) Sipsn
aS
——
PLATE XXVII.
(ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART Xxx11,—1884,)—li.
PLATE XXVII.
Figs. 1-10. PENTACRINUS ALTERNICIRRUS, 0. sp.
Fig. 1. Portion of stem containing two nodal joints; interradial
view,
Fig. 2. Lower or syzygial face of a nodal jomt which bears three
clrri,
Fig. 3. The corresponding face of a jot bearing only two cirri,
Fie. 4. The ambulacral skeleton of a pinnule ; from above,
Fig. 5. The end of a pinnule ; from the side, .
Fig. 6. The arm-groove and brachial ambulacrum,
Figs. 7, 8. Inner and outer sides of an arm, bearing a pinnule-cyst of
Myzostoma deformator, von Graft,
Figs. 9,10. Inner and outer sides of an arm, modified by a cyst of
Myzostoma pentacrin, von Graft,
Figs. 11-13. PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, 0. sp.
Fig. 11. The ambulacral skeleton of a pinnule ; from the side. Some
of the covering plates have been removed,
Fig. 12. The same; from above,
Hig, 13.) the brachial ambulacrum ; from above,
Diam.
6
Page
270
323
323
323
80
80
324
324
78
78
78
Crinpidea. Pl. XXVII
he Voyage of H.M.S,Challenger”
rere
>i
peeegacrre
acass5s9s
a —_——— —
13
Hanhart imp
PHC. dir
I-10. PENTACRINUS ALTERNICIRRUS, Spn
rjeatt & Highley delet lith
NARESIANUS, Sp.n
Pd
I-13.
PLATE XXVITI.
Fig. 1. The head,
Fic, 2, The stem
PLATE XXVIII.
PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, h. sp.
F Huth, Litht Edin®
Crinoidea. Pl. XXVIII
e Voyage of H.M.S
SEs
Yyonye os
Leal in
Dau :
A
SS” = ze p
a a Z, catl rida oe a . 7 =
De cig simu einlie MUMLLM Gligaie nat
{ aD Cis as Oe aAS ed Reem = Se A a oe = => ike (| § recent eee
ey wt
WS. Black, del
Sp.n
NARESIANUS,
PENTACRINUS
Se) _ -
PLATE XXIX.
(ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XxxuI,—1884.) —Ii,
PLATE XXIX.
PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, Nl. Sp.
Diam
g. 1. The calyx and lower parts of the arms of an adult individual,. x 2
Fig. 2. A young individual, x 14
oidea. Pl] KXIX
Crin
e Voyage of HM S"Challenger”
rd
ro
ra]
cA
mo
Sp.n
NARESIANUS,
PENTACRINUS
ir
PLATE XXX.
PLATE XXX.
PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, 0. Sp.
Fig. 1. The calyx and lower parts of the arms of an adult individual, .
Fig, 2, The disk; : P : : : é :
Figs. 3, 4. The calyx ; from above and below, .
Fig. 5. The lower face of a first radial, with one basal remaining
attached,
Figs. 6, 7. An isolated basal from below and above,
Fig. 8. A first radial, from beneath,
Fig. 9. Distal face of a first radial,
Figs. 10, 11. Proximal and distal faces of a second radial,
Figs. 12, 13. Proximal and distal faces of a third or axillary radial,
Fig. 14. Dorsal aspect of the axillary with the two first brachials
attached, . , ‘ ‘ é ;
Figs. 15, 16. Proximal and distal faces of a first brachial,
Figs. 17, 18. Proximal and distal faces of a second brachial,
Figs. 19, 20. Proximal and distal faces of the hypozygal portion of the
third brachial,
Figs. 21, 22. Proximal and distal faces of the corresponding epizygal,
. 23. Portion of an arm containing two syzygies ; side view,
Fig. 24. The arm-groove and brachial ambulacrum ; from above,
Fig, 25. Terminal faces of an internodal joint, .
Figs. 26, 27. Lower and upper faces of a nodal joint,
Figs. 28, 29. Lower and upper faces of an infra-nodal joint,
Fig. 30. The two faces of the next joint below an infra-nodal,
Diam.
Page
326
a, ae
VINE GAN sinh Fa
sy
¥ Huth, Lid® Edint
Black, del.
Sp. n.
NPANRBESelA NOU CS.,
PoE NGA GR LIN US
PLATE XXXa.
{Z00L. CHALL. EXP,—PART XXXIL.—1884,)—lTi.
PLATE XXXa.
PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, 0. Sp.
Fig. 1. The youngest specimen obtained,
Fig, 2. One of its internodal joints,
Fig. 3. One of its nodal joints; upper face,
Figs. 4, 5. Two fragments, probably from the lower part of the stem
of this specimen, .
Fig. 6. Portion of a full grown stem, .
Fig. 7. One of its internodal joints,
Fig. 8. The inner.face of an arm from the third to the eighth brachials,
Figs. 9, 10. Two syzygial joints from the arm of a young individual,
as seen from the side (fig. 9) and from above (fig. 10),
a. The epizygal.
b. The hypozygal.
Figs. 11, 12. Similar views of a full grown syzygial pair,
Diam.
10
10
Page
327
291
291
327
327
PHC dir
PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, S
aid ae el sl a i ft i ar sy
OD.ii
PLATE XXXI.
PLATE XXXI.
PENTACRINUS BLAKEI, P. H. Carpenter.
Diam.
Fig. 1. An entire specimen, : , : ? : . nat. size
Fig. 2. The calyx and arm-bases, : , aXe gee SH)
Xero
x 25
ae ft)
x 75
Page
330
337
309
309
33
336
16
ern Midas & ON
The Voyage of HM.S "Chal
F Huth, Lith* Bdin*
aoa
Wy. Th
DEENG JO UROUES.,
i 1S %
Fre, & q
es
sti
PENTACRINUS
Black, del
PLATE XXXY.
PLATE XXXV.
PENTACRINUS DECORUS, Wyv. Thoms.
Fig. 1. The youngest specimen obtained by the “ Blake,”
Fig. 2. A slightly older individual,
+:
Lrinoid
Challenger”
«
heVoyage of HM.S
-
t
“J
SP
g
oo : (
ree a Le
PHC. cir
PENTACRINUS DECORUS, Wy.Th
Jeryeau bc Highley delet lith
i
PLATE XXXVI,
(ZOOL, CHALL, EXP,—PART xxxi1,—1884.)~-Ii
PLATE XXXVI.
PreNTACRINUS DECORUS, Wyv. Thoms.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. Calyx and arm-bases of a premature individual with large
to)
basals, A : : : : é ue 336
Fig. 2. The lower part of the stem of the same specimen, eon et 335
Fig. 3. Calyx and arm-bases of another young individual with small
basals, 5 : ; : ; : Re oe! 336
Crinoidea.Pl. XXXVI
TheVoyage of HM.S ‘Challenger”
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METACRINUS MURRAY, Spn
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erfeau
PLATE XLIII.
METACRINUS NOBILIS, n. sp.
Diam. Page
ig. 1. The stem, : : ; ; ; : sean 352
. 2. The calyx and arm-bases, : ; : PL ee 341
ig. 3. The disk, : : : eee Se 342
ig. 4, Portion of a ray, : : , ; Vie 2 341
idea. P]_ XLII
nger
M.S "Challe
The Voyage of H
=>
F.Huth, Lith® Edin?
Black, del
n
Sp
c
NOBILIS,
VEER AG REN US
&_-} to SE EO ee
PLATE XULLY.
(gooL. CHALL, BXP,—PART xxx11,—1884,)—h.
g. 1. The stem,
Fig. 2. The calyx and arms,
PLATE XLIV.
METACRINUS VARIANS, 0. Sp.
The Voyage of H.M.S."ChallenSer.”
Af.
SS
Wie
ES
WU Sgres
BOF 7
Nm
Lie
eee
ARG
Sean
Sarre
Feet as
TASS
N
. -
eer
SPs
LOTS
TTT,
OCT,
oe
F
RO
Rep So7, ae
mss!
F. Huth, lath’ Edin®
ck del
fS.Bla
NAT RSIVAGNS:= Sp. a
MEESIPAIG Rol NUS
PLATE XLY.
PLATE XLV.
METACRINUS MOSELEYI, 0. sp.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. A young individual, . 5 . nat. size 356
Fig. 2. An internodal joint, . : : ; : = Xe imees 357
Fig. 3. The upper or syzygial face of an infra-nodal joint, — . Pee Sei 357
Figs. 4, 5. Upper and lower faces of a nodal joint, —. : SERED 357
Fig. 6. Portion of the stem, . , : : : ok 4 357
Fig. 7. Portion of an arm, with commencing Myzostoma-cyst, 5. i pe 358
be)
MYT
SIT stanaye xe
ee LL
Sebel lal Ts
STU ala Ls
Cert
oir
=
2a;
+5
}
y
YD
f
METACRINUS MOSELEYI,
PLATE XLVI.
(ZOOL. CHALL, EXP,—PART xxx1L—1884.)—Ti
PLATE XLVI.
METACRINUS MOSELEYI, n. sp.
Diameter 21 (circa), p. 357.
idea
The Voyage of H.M.S."Challenger.”
4 .
"i
(i
AN
vane iaoaange™
{
iia
aT}
wane
Pr daldddade *
peneee ge 6nileee:
fi
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}
Hanhar
INTERRUPTUS, Sp.n
METACRINUS
3erjeau é& Highley del.et lith
PLATE LIL.
“N
ee)
PLATE LIL.
Figs. 1-6. METACRINUS TUBEROSUS, n. sp.
Portion of the stem,
Lower face of a supra-nodal joint,
. Upper face of a nodal joint,
. An ordinary internodal joint, .
Lower face of an infra-nodal joint,
Side view of a nodal joint and the two upper joints of the in-
ternode below it, .
Figs. 7, 8. Rutzocrrnus RAWSONI, Pourtalés.
. A young specimen with the arm-bases slightly displaced at the
syzygy between the first and second brachials,
. The upper part of the stem, with the calyx and first brachials
of a slightly older individual,
Diam.
20
20
Page
369
370
369
369
370
369
265
266
|-6. METACRINUS TUBEROSUS, Spn
7,8. RHIZOCRINUS RAWSONI,
Pourtalés
PLATE LIV.
(ZOOL CHALL, EXP.—PART XXxi.—1884.)—li.
PLATE LIV.
Figs. 1-4. ANTEDON ACGLA, n. sp.
Diam, Page
Fig. 1. Ventral aspect of a portion of an arm from its lower third, . x 7 83
Fig. 2. Side view of one of the genital pinnules, : 1 83
Fig. 3. The ventral surface of another genital pinnule, : « 369 EO 83
Fig. 4. The ambulacral skeleton of a later pimnule with the covering
plates closed down, : : : : oe 20 83
Fig. 5. ANTEDON ANGUSTICALYX, n. sp.
Fig. 5. The ventral aspect of an ungrooved genital pinnule, . Fok ms 83
Figs. 6, 7. ANTEDON INCERTA, N. sp.
Fig. 6. Side view of a genital pinnule with its ambulacrum, . = ey alles 83
Fie. 7. The ambulacral skeleton of an arm and the lower parts of the
pinnules, . < : : . : x 4D 83
Fig. 8. ANTEDON INAQUALIS, n. sp.
Fig. 8. The ambulacral skeleton of a pinnule ; from the side, . a a XO) 83
Fig. 9. ANTEDON BASICURVA., n. sp.
9. Side view of the ambulacral skeleton of a pinnule mounted in
dammar, . : ; ; : : pea tS () 83
Figs. 10, 11. ACTINOMETRA STROTA, n. sp.
Fie. 10. The peristome of a dry disk, with the origins of the ambu-
lacra, : , : ; : 5 nna 3 85
Fig. 11. Vertical section of an ambulacrum of a dry disk, : 3 x ae 85
he Voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger” Crmoidea.P1. LIV.
cauk&Highley del et lith PHC du
|-4. ANTEDON ACOELA. 5. ANT. ANGUSTICALYX. 6.7 ANT. INCERTA.
8.ANT. INAEQUALIS. 9. ANT. BASICURVA. 10,11. ACTINOMETRA STROTA.
Hanhart imp
PLATE LY.
PLATE LV.
Disks oF CoMATUL.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1 Disk of Actinometra jukesi, n. sp., ‘ : : ee ce 85
A small Isopod is visible within the anal tube (see p. 133).
Fig. 2. Disk of Actinometra strota, n. sp., : ; : a wane 2 85
One of the posterior arms is replaced by two pinnules (see p. 60).
Figs. 3, 4. Disks of Antedon multiradiata, n. sp., } ‘ a 4 84
Fig. 5. Disk of Antedon acela, n. sp., . : : ; cx, 0 84
Fig. 6. Disk of Antedon angusticalyx, n. sp... ; ; og Slo 84
Fig. 7. Disk of Antedon basicurva, n. sp., : : ; (2 oD 84
Pl. LV
Yinoiaea £
r
es to
NI
oN}
4
vA
a
i)
gs
ON
)
op.z
2.ACTINOMETRA STROTA,Spn
5.ANTEDON ACOELA,
Sp n.
‘=
’ v
’
ACTINOMETRA JUKES|
3,4. ANTEDON MULTIRADIATA
joly
7.ANTEDON BASICURVA, Sp.n
spn
6. ANTEDON ANGUSTICALYX
PLATE LVI,
(ZOOL. CHALL, EXP.—PART XXXx11,—1884,)—Ti.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
PLATE LVI.
Figs. 1-5. THaumMatocrinus RENovaATUS, P. H. Carpenter.
Diam.
Figs. 1, 2. Side views, radial. In fig. 1 the right anterior, and in
fig. 2 the right posterior ray faces the observer, . ah hake ke
3. Side view, interradial, ; ‘ 3 : ea xenaal
4. The anal side, . : : ; ; E> Say 5
5. The disk, : : F : : : elise. Bley
Fig. 6. ANTEDON RosAcEA, Linck, sp.
6. An abnormal disk with two mouths, . : é Rhea 5
Fig. 7. ACTINOMETRA MAGNIFICA, 0. sp.
7. The disk of the only specimen known, : . nat. size
Fig.
The course of the water-vessel which supplies the arms of the posterior ray is marked by a fine
line upon the surface of the disk, but it is not accompanied by any food-groove.
Fig. 8. ACTINOMETRA STELLIGERA, l. sp.
8. An abnormal disk with two mouths and two anal tubes, un CEN 5
56
he Voyage of HM.S."Challenger” Crimoidea.Pl. LVL
Berjeauk Highley del. ot lith P.H.C. dir Hanhart imp
1-5. THAUMATOCRINUS RENOVATUS, Sp.n. 6.ANTEDON ROSACEA, Linck, Sp
7. ACTINOMETRA MAGNIFICA,Sp.n. 8.ACTINOMETRA STELLIGERA,Sp.n
rane
PLATE LVII.
Fig.
ny A
Fig.
Fig.
IL
PLATE LVI.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures.
we. Ambulacral epithelium.
an. Anambulacral plate.
6. Radial blood-vessel.
c. Connective tissue meshwork in the coelom.
cp. Covering plate.
eve. Cireumvisceral coelom.
fg. Fore-gut.
g. Epithelial lining of the gut.
gv. Genital vessel.
ib. Intervisceral blood-vessel.
p. Labial plexus.
lr. Its radial extensions beneath the ambulacra.
n. Ambulacral nerve.
p.
Te.
Pigment granules.
Rectum.
Spinelets on the disk.
. Side plate.
. Subambulacral plate.
. Tentacle.
. Tentacular branch of water-vessel.
. Radial water-vessel.
. Water-pore.
Water-tube.
. Plexiform gland.
rv. Its ventral end which joins the labial plexus.
Fig. 1. PENTACRINUS WYVILLE-THOMSONI, Jeffreys.
Transverse section of the disk in the anal interradius, showing
the labial plexus (Jp) and its extensions beneath the am-
bulaera (Ur),
Figs. 2-5. Prnracrinus pEcorus, Wyv. Thoms.
Vertical section through the outer part of the plexiform gland,
showing its connection with the intervisceral blood-vessels, — x
The upper part of a longitudinal vertical section through the
disk, showing the connection of the labial plexus (/p) with
the genital and intervisceral vessels (gv, 7b), and also
with the ventral end of the plexiform gland (av).
section cuts the edge of the anal tube (re), but passes to
the right of the mouth,
Diam.
x 40
100
The
x 30
Transverse section of an ambulacrum near the peristome.
This shows the two lateral water-vessels (w), which are
separated by the radial extension of the labial plexus (Ir), x 50
. Portion of a vertical section through the periphery of the disk,
showing the intervisceral vessels on the outside of the
digestive canal,
2 a eeOO
Page
100
101
93
102
The Voyage
of HMS. “Challenger.”
1. PENTACRINUS WYVILLE—THOMSON|I
2—5. PENTAGRINUS DECORUS, Wy ville
J
Jeffreys :
Thomson.
Crmoidea, Pl. LVI.
Goo West & Sons del lith et amp
PLATE LVIII.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures.
ai. Primary interradial cords. 7. Basiradial ligament.
ar. The secondary (radial) cords. 7b. Interbasal ligament.
B. Basal plate. In. Limestone network in the perisome.
ic. Bands of connective tissue in the body-cavity. | ls, Interarticular ligament of stem.
ch. Cavities of the chambered organ. p. Pigment granules.
ch’. Their downward prolongations into the stem R’, First radial.
e. External epithelium. re, Rectum.
Sg. Fore-gut. rp. Plug of calcareous tissue within the radial funnel.
G. Gut. V. Central vascular axis of stem.
ib. Intervisceral blood-vessel. X. Plexiform gland.
Z. Interradial ligament. |
Figs. 1-3. Pentacrinus pecorus, Wyv. Thoms.
Diam. Page
1. Horizontal section through the lower part of the calyx, showing
the bifurcation of the primary interradial cords (a7) in
the basals, : ; : ; : an 4 () 124
2. Horizontal section through the lower part of the radial
pentagon, showing the upward extensions of the cavities
of the chambered organ (ch), : : . oo Sho 105
3. The central part of a median vertical section through the calyx,
showing the chambered organ and its connection with the
vascular axis of the stem, E : : 1x40 104
Fig. 4. PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, 0. Sp.
4. Portion of a horizontal section of the disk, showing the position
of the plexiform gland (X) between the fore-gut and the
rectum, . : : ; ; ; cee coe 101
Figs. 5, 6. PROMACHOCRINUS KERGUELENSIS, 0. sp.
5. Portion of a horizontal section of the disk, showing the plexi-
form gland (X), . : : ih hes ss. SSE 101
6. A similar section nearer the calyx, . : ; y x as 101
The Voyage of H.M.S “Challenger”
Crmoidea.. Pl. LVIIL
Berjeau & Highley del et ith P.H.C. dir
I-3. PENTACRINUS DECORUS, Www. Th. 4. PENTACRINUS NARESIANUS, Sp.n
5,6. PROMACHOCRINUS KERGU ELENSIS,Spn
PLATE LIX,
PLATE LIX.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures.
. Connective tissue fibres between the anambulacral plates.
. The parambulacral extensions of the axial cords into the
ventral perisome.
. Ambulacral epithelium.
. Radial blood-vessel.
. Bands of connective tissue in the body-cavity.
. Covering plate.
. Circumyisceral coelom.
. External epithelium.
Sg. Fore-gut.
G. Gut.
g. Its epithelial lining.
. Genital vessel.
. Labial plexus.
. Ambulacral nerve.
. Pigment granules.
. Spinelets on the anambulacral plates of the disk.
. Saceuli.
0. Spongy organ.
. Side plate.
Subtentacular canal
. Tentacle.
. Tentacular branch of water-vessel.
. Radial water-vessel.
. Water-pore.
. Water-tube.
. Plexiform gland.
. Its ventral end which joins the labial plexus.
Figs. 1-4. Penracrinus Decorus, Wyv. Thoms.
Diam. Page
Fig. 1. Transverse section of a brachial ambulacrum, x 100 96
Figs. 2-4. Vertical sections of some of the ambulacral plates of the
disk, which bears spinelets and are traversed by fibres of
the parambulacral nerve-plexus (ad), x 150 124
Fig. 5. ANTEDON Rosacea, Linck, sp.
Fig. 5. Vertical section through the left or eastern angle of the
peristome, at the origin of the two lateral ambulacra,
showing the labial plexus (/p) and water-tubes (wt), eh) 98
Figs. 6, 7. ANTEDON ESCHRICHTI, Miill., sp.
Figs. 6, 7. Portions of vertical sections of the disk in the neigh-
bourhood of an ambulacrum, showing the parambulacral
nerves (ad), x 100 123
Figs. 8, 9. PROMACHOCRINUS KERGUELENSIS, n. Sp.
Fig. 8. Portion of a vertical transverse section of the disk behind the
mouth, showing the spongy organ (so) at the side of the
fore-gut (fg), x, 20 99
Fig. 9. Portion of another section of the same series, but in front of
the mouth, showing the upper end of the plexiform gland
(x), part of which is becoming reticular and spongy (xv), x 30 99
he Voyage of H.M.S."Challenger.” Crinoidea. Pl. LIX.
Goo West & Sane del Lith et imp
1-4. PENTACRINUS DECORUS, WyvilleThomson. 5.ANTEDON ROSACEA, lainck, sp.
6,7. ANTEDON ESCHRICHT!, Miull.sp. 8, 9. PROMACHOCRINUS KERGUELENSIS, Sp.n.
oa
PLATE LX. -
PLATE LX.
The Lettering is the same in all the Figures.
a’. Ventral branch of the axial cord of the arm. | gv. Genital vessel.
ad. The parambulacral extensions of the axial-cords into the | ib. Intervisceral blood-vesse
ventral perisome of the disk, lp. Labial plexus.
ae. Ambulacral epithelium. | nm. Ambulacral nerve.
b. Radial blood-vessel. nr. Its oral ring.
c. Bands of connective tissue in the body-cavity. p. Pigment granules.
ec. Coeliac canal. sa, Sacculi.
eve, Circumvisceral coelom. | so. Spongy organ.
e, External epithelium. ste. Subtentacular canal. z
Sg. Fore-gut. tb. Tentacular branch of water-vessel.
g. Epithelium of the gut. | w. Radial water-vessel.
ge. Genital cord. wp. Water-pore.
gc’. Genital canal. | wt. Water-tube.
Diam.
Fig. 1. Transverse section of an ambulacrum behind the mouth, show-
ing the connection of the genital vessels (gv) and labial
plexus (/p), : : ; ; ee Pe)
Fig. 2. Anrepon carrinata, Leach, sp.
Fig. 2. Portion of a vertical transverse section of the disk in the anal
interradius, showing the connection of the genital vessels
(gv) and labial plexus (/p), : . bd 28a
Figs. 3-6. ANTEDON ESCHRICHTI, Miill., sp.
Fig. 3. Portion of a vertical longitudinal section of the disk, which
passes through the peristome, showing the connection of
the intervisceral vessels (‘b) with the spongy organ (so), . x 35
Fig. 4. Longitudinal vertical section of the peristome in the direction
ofaray, . : : : : 2:5) X* NGO
Fig. 5. Part of a vertical transverse section of the disk in the anal in-
terradius, showing the spongy organ and labial plexus, . x 40
Fig. 6. Transverse section of a brachial ambulacrum, showing one of
Fig. 1. ACTINOMETRA PULCHELLA, Pourtales, sp.
the ventral branches of the axial cord (a’)' which extend
into the perisome at the side of the food-groove, . oe eS
1 This is wrongly lettered ad.
Page
98
98
97
98
The Voyage of H.M.S.” Challenger.” Crinoidea. Pl. LX.
P.H.C. dir. Geo West & Sons del. lith.et imp
I. ACTINOMETRA PULCHELLA, Pourt., sp.
2. ANTEDON CARINATA, Leach, Sp.
3—6. ANTEDON ESCHRICHTI, Mill, sp
Tiel aes
‘ j
frp a ol weit
hd) ihe ) AY
eeonitn ire ee ee
Fig.
6.
PLATE LXI.
Fig. 1. ACTINOMETRA PULCHELLA, Pourtaleés, sp.
. Vertical longitudinal section of an isolated disk. The section
passes through the edge of the mouth, which is seen just
in front of the large anal tube. The lobular structure in
the centre of the lower part of the disk beneath the fore-
gut is the plexiform gland,
Figs. 2-5. AcTINOMETRA PARVICIRRA, Miill., sp.
. Vertical longitudinal section of the calyx and disk. The situa-
tion of the chambered organ between the centro-dorsal and
radials is well shown ; as are also the marginal position of
the mouth and the numerous coils of the digestive tube,
from some of which the epithelial wall has fallen away.
The labial plexus is relatively large in the upper lip (i.e.,
behind the mouth), but is inconspicuous in front of it,
. Transverse section of an ungrooved or non-tentaculiferous arm,
close to the base of a pinnule. ‘The ventral surface is
flat, without any food-groove or tentacular apparatus, and
owing to the backward extensions of the ovaries below
their points of attachment to the genital cord, one appears
in section upon each side of the middle line (p. 110),
. The upper part of a transverse section of a normal tentaculi-
ferous arm at the articulation of two joints, showing the
connection of the ovary and genital cord. In the coeliac
canal is a section of a parasitic worm,
. Transverse section of the lower part of an arm just beyond the
attachment of a pinnule. On the left side are seen three
funnel-shaped water-pores, the inner ends of which lead
into the genital canal containing the triradiate genital
cord,
Fig. 6. ACTINOMETRA NIGRA, r. sp.
‘Transverse section of an arm through the middle of a joint,
showing the branches of its axial cord. The genital canal
is occupied by a relatively large genital cord, and the
racial blood-vessel is well shown beneath the middle line
of the food-groove, between the ambulacral epithelium
and the water-vessel,
_ Diam.
10
af
20
27
30
Page
103
103
113
133
96
121
HE VoYAGE OF H.M.S. ** CHALLENGER.” CRINOIDEA. PL. LX].
P.H.C. DiR.
1. ACTINOMETRA PULCHELLA, Pourrt., SP 2-5. ACTINOMETRA PARVICIRRA, MULL., SP
6. ACTINOMETRA NIGRA, SP.N
PLATE LXIL.
PLATE LXII.
Explanation of the Letters.
A. Axial cord of the ray. Z. Basiradial ligament.
a’. Its branches in the dorsal skeleton. id. Dorsal ligament between the ray-joints.
ad. Its upward extensions into the plated perisome of “i. Interarticular ligament.
the ventral side. lp. Labial plexus.
ae. Ambulacral epithelium. M. Mouth.
ai. Primary interradial cords. m. Muscle.
. Anambulacral plate.
Basal.
. Radial blood-vessel.
c. The bands of more or less calcified connective tissue in |
the body-cavity.
. Fibrillar sheath round the vascular axis of the stem.
. Interradial portion of the circular commissure.
. Ambulacral nerve.
. Its oral ring.
. Oral blood-vascular ring.
. First and third radials.
. Rectum.
. Plug of calcareous tissue within the radial funnel.
. Spinelets on the anambulacral plates.
ch. Cavities of the chambered organ. ste. Subtentacular canal.
ch’. Their downward prolongations into the stem. sub, Subambulacral plate.
chn. The nodal enlargements of these peripheral vessels. sy. Syzygy.
ev. Cirrus-vessel. V. Central vascular axis of stem.
D,, Ds. Second and fifth distichals. W. Radial water-vessel.
Sg. Fore-gut. wp. Water-pore.
G, Gut. wr. Water-vascular ring.
g. Its epithelial lining. wt. Water-tube.
gv. Genital vessel. a. Plexiform gland.
Intervisceral blood-vessel.
Its ventral end which joins the labial plexus
Explanation of the Colours.
Black—The nervous system, both ambulacral and antambulacral.
Green—The water-vascular system.
Red-—The blood-vascular system and the plexiform gland.
Diagrammatic longitudinal section of a Pentacrinus decorus. On the right side of the
figure the section cuts the anal tube, and on the left side it passes along a ray
and the base of an arm.
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