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VOLUME XVIII NUMBER 4
BAYLOR BULLETIN
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
OF TEXAS >
By JOHN K. STRECKER
Curator of Baylor University Museum
FOUNDED AT INDEPENDENCE
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VOLUME XVIII NUMBER 4
BAYLOR BULLETIN
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
OF TEXAS
By JOHN K. STRECKER
Curator of Baylor University Museum
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Published Bi-Monthly at Bayler University, Waco, Texas
Entered at the Postoffice at Waco, Texas, as Second Class Matter
BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS
AUGUST 1915
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REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS
By JOHN K. STRECKER,
Curator of Baylor University Museum
The present catalogue of Texas reptiles and amphibians
is compiled as the result of more than twenty years’ study
in the great field of Herpetology in this State. While I
claim that it includes the majority of these animals that in-
habit this vast territory, I am willing to confess that in
many cases I have not a single record from many large
counties, nay, almost entire sections, and that future work
will probably result in many additions to the list, not only
of known species, but of several new to Science.
I have either personally collected, or handled in the course
of my museum work, 141 of the animals here enumerated.
By this I mean Texas collected specimens. Of this number,
120 species have been captured in their haunts. I have col-
lected in many different localities in almost every section of
the State, including the following counties, arranged by
district: Henderson, Cherokee, Smith, Nacogdoches, Ange-
lina, San Jacinto, Liberty, Harris, Bexar, Bandera, Medina,
Refugio, Bee, Matagorda, McLennan, Falls, Robertson,
Limestone, Bosque, Bell, Coryell, Travis, Burnet, Llano,
Hays, Comal, Armstrong, Tarrant, Somervell, Palo Pinto,
Midland, El Paso, Presidio, Brewster and Jeff Davis. The
number of different species and subspecies collected in Mc-
Lennan County up to the present time is 81. On two trips
to Burnet County, in the years 1902 and 1906, 57 species
were collected. My trip to Liberty County in 1912 resulted
in the compiling of a list of 40. In some localities only a few
species were obtained on account of the limited time at my
disposal, but more than 30 species were collected in each of
12 counties in the above list, and more than 10 species in
each of 20 of them.
In addition to the above, herpetological material has been
received at the Baylor Museum from Cameron, Willacy, Live
Oak, Neuces, Victoria, Calhoun, Jefferson, Pecos, Garza,
4 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
Hockley, Yoakum, Hill, Kaufman, Lampasas, Hale, Potter,
Sherman, Lubbock, Crosby, Kendall and Kent counties.
In the literature cited in my bibliography, specimens are
on record from the following counties not above mentioned:
Anderson, Aransas, Atascosa, Bastrop, Baylor, Borden,
Bowie, Brazoria, Clay, Comanche, Cooke, Crane, Crockett,
Dallas, Denton, De Witt, Donley, Duval, Edwards, Erath,
Fayette, Galveston, Gillespie, Guadalupe, Hardeman, Har-
din, Harrison, Haskell, Hemphill, Hidalgo, Hood, Houston,
Howard, Kerr, Lavaca, Lamb, La Salle, Lipscomb, Marion,
Mason, Maverick, Menard, Mitchell, Oldham, Reeves, Rob-
erts, Shelby, Starr, Sutton, Swisher, Tom Green, Tyler,
Upshur, Uvalde, Val Verde, Walker, Ward, Washington,
Webb, Wheeler, Wichita, Williamson and Wood.
When one takes into consideration the fact that during
the past twenty years I have collected more than 80 species
and subspecies in my own county, he can readily understand
that this is due entirely to the reason that I have collected
very closely, searching every possible habitat for species
that I had not previously found. On several occasions I
have collected specimens of reptiles, not found, so far as I
had been able to discover, within my own county, only a
mile or two over the line in the next one. The great ma-
jority of cold-blooded animals have special habitats, due to
abundance or lack of moisture, to the peculiar physical con-
formation of the region, to the presence of lagoons, marshes
and streams; in some cases due to a food supply governed by
the presence of certain insects and the plants on which they
feed, and on many other conditions that might be here
mentioned.
The study of the habitat associations of Texas reptiles is
a wonderfully interesting subject to the herpetologist, but
cannot be discussed in a paper necessarily as limited to
space as is the present one. The main object of the cata-
logue is to bring together in a concise form as complete a
list of these animals as our present knowledge of their oc-
currence and distribution in the State will warrant. No at-
tempt is made to describe the different species—the great
trouble with the majority of State catalogues is that their
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 5
compilers waste valuable space with descriptions that may
be found in both scientific and general works on the subject;
these descriptions being merely repetitions to the specialist
and in many cases almost unintelligible to those laymen
who require a more popular work.
Two excellent books of a popular character have been pub-
lished by Doubleday, Page & Co., in their “Nature Library.”
These are “The Reptile Book,’ by Raymond L. Ditmars,
and “The Frog Book,” by Miss Mary C. Dickerson. These
works contain magnificent illustrations and splendid popu-
lar descriptions of all but a very few of the crocodilians,
turtles, lizards, snakes and frogs of North America. Un-
fortunately, no popular work on the tailed amphibians has
ever been published. For technical descriptions of these
animals, the reader is referred to the splendid work of Cope
on “The Batrachia of North America,” published in 1889 as
a Bulletin of the United States National Museum. This
book is rare, but copies are to be found in many public and
college libraries.
For more technical descriptions of the reptiles, exclusive
of the turtles, than are contained in Ditmars’ book, refer-
ence may be made to Cope’s “Crocodilians, Lizards and
Snakes of North America,” published in the Report of the
National Museum for 1898. This can be obtained from al-
most any dealer in second-hand books, either as a paper
bound separate or bound in with the full report.
At the present time, the popular work of Ditmars above
mentioned contains the only collected descriptions of the
North American turtles, and these are entirely too brief to
be of much value to the specialist. If one is greatly inter-
ested in the Testudinata and can get access to Volume I
of Prof. Agazziz’s ‘‘Contributions to the Natural History of
the United States,” entitled “The Geographical Distribution
of the Testudinata,” and the several papers by George Baur
published in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, he will find them to contain a wealth of valuable in-
formation. There are many other books and papers in the
bibliography that will prove of great value to the student
if he is in a position to consult them. This bibliography is
6 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
arranged in chronological order, and in addition to the title
of each paper, lists all species therein described as new by
the author. If a name is very obsolete or if the so-called
species is merely a well known form redescribed, the proper
modern name is added in parenthesis.
This bibliography includes every book, paper or article,
referring in whole or in part to Texas reptiles and am-
phibians, that I have been able to accumulate in the col-
lecting together of a general herpetological library, those I
have found in my browsings through public, university and
private libraries, and in several cases those discovered by
my correspondents.
In the preparation of my catalogue, I have received as-
sistance from many sources, and here take occasion to ac-
knowledge my indebtedness to the following persons: To
Mr. Clement 8S. Brimley of Raleigh, North Carolina, for
lists of material received by him from several Texas locali-
ties and for looking up references inaccessible to me; to
Hon. J. D. Mitchell, Victoria, Texas, for a list of the rep-
tiles of Victoria County and for specimens from a number
of localities; to Mr. Witmer Stone of the Philadelphia Acad-
emy of Natural Science and the late Arthur Erwin Brown
of Philadelphia, for invaluable assistance in looking up ref-
erences; to Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, United States National
Museum, Washington, D. C., and Miss Mary C. Dickenson,
American Museum of Natural History, New York City, for
the loan of specimens belonging to their institutions; to Mr.
Julius Hurter, St. Louis, Missouri, for publications, speci-
mens and lists of material collected on his several Texas
trips; and to Messrs. Scott Cotten, formerly of Post City,
Texas, but now of Havana, Cuba; R. C Reeder, Stratford,
Texas; Rev. H. E. Fowler, Lindale, Texas; Aubrey L. Gooch
and Harold Gooch, Austin, Texas; Louis Garni, San An-
tonio, Texas; J. D. Isaacks, Cleveland, Texas, and Pro-
fessors J. L. Kesler and W. T. Gooch, Baylor University,
Waco, Texas, for material from many Texas localities.
The catalogue, such as it is, is submitted to the indulgence,
and, it is hoped, merciful criticism of the reader.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS i
REPTILIA
CROCODILINI
CROCODILIDA
1. ALLIGATOR MISSIPPIENSIS Daudin. Alligator.
At one time, the range of the alligator included
the whole eastern half of the State, but it is now
principally confined to the extreme eastern and south-
eastern counties bordering Louisiana and the Gulf
of Mexico. Old settlers claim that in former years
this saurian was abundant all along the Brazos River,
even to its sources, and that there is an Indian tradi-
tion to the effect that the animals were driven out
of Northwestern Texas on account of a long-contin-
ued drouth and came overland in immense droves,
headed in the direction of the Gulf coast. That the
alligator is an old inhabitant of East-Central Texas
is indicated by numerous remains occurring in
Pleistocene deposits in McLennan and adjoining
counties. While it is not likely that our modern rep-
tile was a contemporary of the Columbian elephant,
the Texas camel, the sabre-toothed tiger and the giant
edentates, yet its remains are found together in the
same gravel deposits.
Within the past five years, five alligators have been
captured along the Brazos river from Waco to a
point about ten miles south. Four of these were from
two and one-half to four feet in length, while the fifth
was a trifle more than eight feet. Only a few years
ago an eight-foot specimen was captured in the
Trinity bottoms, only a few miles from Dallas. In
some of the forest-enclosed lakes of Eastern Texas,
in Liberty, San Jacinto and the adjoining counties,
large, solitary alligator bulls are claimed to still hold
their own against all comers.
Dr. Mearns, in his work on the Mammals of the
Mexican Boundary, states that the alligator has once
been taken about twenty miles south of Fort Clark,
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
Kinney County. This carries its range west of the
100th Meridian.
In the course of a very few years the great saurian
will have become one of the rare animals of Texas.
TESTUDINATA
ATHECA
DERMOCHELIDAL
2. DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA Linn. Trunk Turtle: Leather-
back Turtle.
This enormous sea turtle, which is said to attain
a weight of more than a thousand pounds, is a rare
visitor to the Texas coast. I have personally seen but
one Texas specimen, a large one nearly six feet in
length, which was captured off the coast of Brazoria
County.
THECOPHORA
CHELYDRIDA®
3. CHELYDRA SERPENTINA Linn. Snapping Turtle.
This large turtle is not uncommon in the lakes
and streams of the eastern half of Texas, but has
been overlooked by the many herpetologists and col-
lectors who have visited the State. In fact, Arthur
Erwin Brown rejected it from his faunal list of
Texas reptiles on account of his being unable to find
specific locality records in the literature. Hon. J. D.
Mitchell records it from Victoria County in the man-
uscript list sent to me; and Mr. Louis Garni captured
it in Cibolo Creek in Kendall County. I have exam-
ined specimens from the San Antonio River, Bexar
County, and have captured examples in the San Ja-
cinto River, Liberty County; Neches River, Smith
County; Arroyo Blanco, Bee County; Arroyo Medio,
Refugio County; San Marcos River, Hays County,
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 9
and in a number of watercourses in Burnet and Mc-
Lennan counties.
4. MACROCHELYS LACERTINA Schweigger. Alligator Snap-
ping Turtle.
This, the largest of all North American fresh-water
turtles, is by no means a common animal in the State
of Texas. Its occurrence here is first mentioned by
Baird in his list of the reptiles of the Mexican boun-
dary, but he does not cite any localities, merely add-
ing “Lowlands of Texas” under its name. Agassiz
states that it is found at Austin. The large specimen
exhibited by the National Museum at the Pan-Ameri-
can Exposition was from Southern Texas, but no
specific locality was given.
Some years ago, in the San Pedro Springs zoo at
San Antonio, I saw a half-grown specimen which
was said to have been captured in the San Antonio
River. The Baylor Museum collection contains a
small example captured by Mr. J. D. Isaacks in the
San Jacinto River at Cleveland, Liberty County.
CINOSTERNIDA®
5. CINOSTERNUM LOUISIANAE Baur. Louisiana Mud Turtle.
Eastern Texas, west to the 98th Meridian; south
in the coast prairie country to Refugio. Probably a
variety of the eastern Cinosternum pennsylvanicum
Bosc, and Cope records specimens from Dallas under
that name.
Mr. C. S. Brimley writes me that he has received
specimens of this mud turtle from Austin, Travis
County, and Colmesneil, Tyler County. Mr. Julius
Hurter of St. Louis, Missouri, collected a specimen
at Texarkana, Bowie County. I have collected speci-
mens in the following localities: Laguna Lake, Falls
County; San Jacinto River, Liberty County; Arroyo
Medio, Refugio County, and Dry Pond, Oak Lake,
Brazos and Bosque Rivers, McLennan County,
10 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
6. CINOSTERNUM FLAVESCENS Agassiz. Yellow Mud Tur-
tle.
This species has a wide distribution, its range cov-
ering all but the extreme eastern section of the State.
It is the tank turtle of the Panhandle, the trans-Pecos
region and the southwestern counties. It is not un-
common as far east as Waco, but does not seem to
range much further than the Brazos river lowlands.
Hon. J. D. Mitchell has sent me specimens from Vic-
toria, but I have seen neither specimens nor records
from the eastern Rio Grande Valley, although it
probably ranges through the whole of Southern
Texas. f
7. CINOSTERNUM HENRICI Le Conte. Henry’s Mud Turtle.
Trans-Pecos Texas, ranging east of the Pecos
River, crossing the Edwards Plateau almost to San
Antonio. Cope records this species from Medina,
Medina County. Mr. Brimley has received specimens
from EK] Paso, and the Baylor Museum collection con-
tains one from the same locality.
8. AROMOCHELYS TRISTYCHA Agassiz. Southern Musk
Turtle.
This turtle is probably, as Mr. Brimley suggests, a
mere variety of Aromochelys odoratus Bosc., and
many specimens are hardly distinguishable from that
species. It is supposed to always differ from odoratus
by having the carapace more elongated, the central
shield of the plastron narrower, and a slightly differ-
ent coloration, especially about the head. My exper-
ence would indicate that musk turtles were not very
common animals in Texas, while on the other hand
the species of Cinosternum are wonderfully abun-
dant. The southern musk turtle is distributed over
Eastern Texas, ranging west to the granite country
in Llano and Burnet Counties and south into Bexar
and Medina counties. In some localities it is associ-
ated with Aromechelys carinatus Gray,
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 11
AA
9. AROMOCHELYS CARINATUS Gray. Keeled Mud Turtle.
I have collected this species in only one locality,
i. e., the San Jacinto River, Liberty County. It is
probably more or less common in many localities in
Eastern Texas, but very little work has been done
along herpetological lines east of the Brazos Valley
and the species may be much rarer than I at present
suspect. Yarrow, in his Check-list of North Ameri-
can Reptiles, records carinatus from the Medina
River, San Pedro and San Jacinto, all localities in
Southern Texas. Mr. Louis Garni sent me a young
example collected near Boerne, Kendall County.
TESTUDINIDZ&
10. CHRYSEMYS TROOSTI Holbrook. Troost’s Terrapin.
Mr. Garman records a specimen of this turtle from
Deming’s Bridge, Matagorda County.
11. CHRYSEMYS ELEGANS Wied. Cumberland Terrapin.
This terrapin is distributed over the entire State.
It has been collected at Texarkana and at Browns-
ville. It is abundant in springs and streams in North-
western Texas and has been reported from as far
west as Pecos.
12. CHRYSEMYS MOBILENSIS Holbrook. Mobile Terrapin.
This larger representative of the southeastern
Chrysemys concinna Le Conte probably occurs in
Texas, although I have not been able to obtain a
specimen. The literature in regard to this species
and Chrysemys texana Baur is so hopelessly con-
fused that it is an impossibility to decide to which
one a reference really applies. If the Alabama speci-
mens that I have examined are really mobilensis, it
is a species very distinct from texana. Dr. Yarrow,
in his North American Check-list, records two speci-
mens of Chrysemys concinna from Brownsville. I
suspect that this reference applies to mobilensis. As
this turtle has so often been recorded from Texas, I
12 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
prefer to include it in my catalogue, rather than to
exclude it on the supposition that all Texas terrapins
of this type belong to Baur’s species.
13. CHRYSEMYS TEXANA Baur. Texas Terrapin.
Mr. Brimley informs me that he has received spec-
imens of this turtle from Colmesneil, Tyler County,
and Mr. Hurter lists it from Paris, Lamar County.
Mr. Mitchell sent me an example from Victoria, and
I have personally collected it in the following locali-
ties: Calamity Creek, Brewster County; Laguna
Lake, Falls County; Morgan Creek, Burnet County;
Arroyo Medio, Refugio County ; Dry Pond and Braz-
os River, McLennan County. All of the published
records for Chrysemys mobilensis from the trans-
Pecos region probably refer to this species.
14. CHRYSEMYS BELLII Gray. Bell’s Terrapin.
The Baylor Museum collection contains a single
example of this species from El Paso, collected by
Messrs. Townsend and Barber. Baird records it
from the Guadalupe Mountains under the name of
Chrysemys oregonensis Agassiz.
15. MALACLEMMYS LITTORALIS W. P. Hay. Texas Diamond-
back Terrapin.
- The type of this species came from Rockport. The
author gives its distribution as “salt marshes and
channels along the coast of Texas and outlying
islands.” He further says: “All of the terrapin of
this species that I have seen alive came from Rock-
port, Texas, but they are said to occur southward as
far as Galveston.” (Bulletin U. S. Bureau Fisheries,
1904, Vol. 24, p. 18.)
16. GRAPTEMYS GEOGRAPHICA Le Seur. Geographic Terra-
pin.
Mr. Brimley has received specimens of this turtle
from Austin. I have collected it in the Colorado
River, not far from that city, in the Brazos River,
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 13
McLennan county, and in Morgan and Delaware
Creeks, Burnet County.
17. GRAPTEMYS OCULIFERA Baur. Occellated Terrapin.
This species is of local distribution and by no
means common. I have collected it in only two local-
ities, i. e., Morgan Creek, Burnet County, and a small
artificial lake near Athens, Henderson County.
18. TERRAPENE TRIUNGUIS Agassiz. Three-toed Box Tor-
toise.
Eastern Texas, south to Bexar and Matagorda Coun-
ties. The following are published localities for this
species: Gainesville (Cragin); Deming’s Bridge,
Matagorda County (Garman), and San Antonio
(Yarrow). Mr. Brimley has received it from
Colmesneil and I have collected it at Cleveland, San
Marcos and Waco. It is exceedingly rare in East-
Central Texas, where its haunts are confined to the
heavily wooded river bottoms. Texas specimens are
much more uniform in their coloration than those
from Missouri and Arkansas.
19. TERRAPENE MAJOR Agassiz. Large Box Tortoise.
Known only from a few localities in the southern
part of the State. Stone records it from Devil’s
River, Val Verde County. Several years ago I cap-
tured a single adult specimen near Palacios, Mata-
gorda County. The specimen of Terrapene carolina
from San Antonio, listed by Dr. Yarrow, probably
belongs here. Yarrow recognized the differences be-
tween carolina and triunguis, but not between the
former species and major. Terrapene carolina, so
far as known, does not occur west of the Mississippi
River.
20. TERRAPENE ORNATA Agassiz. Painted Box Tortoise.
This handsome species is found over the entire
State. In the heavily wooded counties of Eastern
Texas, however, it is very local in its distribution,
being found only in the scattered prairie districts.
14
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
The published records for this species are Dallas
(Cope), Deming’s Bridge (Garman), Pecos (Brown)
and Corpus Christi (Taylor). I have received it
from El Paso from Messrs. Townsend and Barber,
and Mr. Brimley has it from Colmesneil. Mr. Mitch-
ell obtained it in Victoria County. I have personally
collected examples in the following localities: Alpine,
Austin, Burnet, Midland, Refugio, Goodnight, Cal-
vert and Waco and the Means’ ranch in Jeff Davis
County.
XEROBATETS BERLANDIERI Agassiz. Berlandier’s Tor-
toise.
Recorded from Brownsville by Dr. True. There
is a Shell of a young specimen from Jefferson County —
in the Baylor Museum.
XEROBATES BERLANDIERI Agassiz. Berlandier’s Tor-
toise.
This species is confined to Southern Texas. Cope
mentions a specimen from near San Antonio. The
Baylor Museum collection contains the shell of an
adult collected near Oakville, Live Oak County, by
Rev. J. M. Carroll, and several alcoholic specimens
obtained at Brownsville by Mr. Bert Hinckley.
CHELONIA MYDAS Linn. Green Sea Turtle.
Gulf of Mexico. If all the green turtles shipped
from the coast country are captured in Texas waters,
the animal must be quite abundant. The largest
skull of this species that I have ever seen came from
Corpus Christi.
CARETTA CARETTA Linn. Loggerhead Sea Turtle.
Gulf of Mexico. Said to be abundant from Galves-
ton southward.
CARETTA KEMPI Garman. Bastard Loggerhead.
This turtle must be exceedingly rare in Texas
waters. Among a lot of loggerhead skulls collected
by Mr. W. T. Battle, I found one that undoubtedly be-
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 15
longs to this species. It is labeled “Velasco, Texas
coast.”
26. ERETMOCHELYS IMBRICATA Linn. Hawk’s-bill Turtle.
Gulf of Mexico. Apparently rare.
TRIONYCHIDA
27. ASPIDONECTES FEROX Schweigger. Southern Soft-
shelled Turtle.
This species is not uncommon in the eastern part
of the State, but has been generally overlooked by
collectors. In his North American Check-list, Yar-
row records a single specimen from Brownsville. In
the Baylor Museum, in a small local collection trans-
ferred from the Waco Y. M. C. A., is a small speci-
men, about eight inches in length, from Bullhide
Creek, McLennan County, the first that I had ever
seen from Texas. Later I obtained specimens in the
Brazos and Bosque Rivers near Waco and in the San
Jacinto River in Liberty County.
28. ASPIDONECTES EMORYI Agassiz. Emory’s Soft-shelled
Turtle.
This is the common soft-shelled turtle of the
greater portion of Texas. Cope, in his report on the
reptiles of Northwestern Texas, states that it is very
abundant in streams in the plains region. Brown
records it from the vicinity of Pecos. Other pub-
lished records are Brownsville and New Braunfels
(Yarrow), Dallas and Helotes Creek, Bexar County
(Cope), Williamson County (Agassiz) and San An-
tonio (Garman).
SQUAMATA
LARERTILIA
EUBLEPHARIDZ
29. COLEONYX BREVIS Stejyneger. Banded Gecko.
This curious little lizard inhabits the entire trans-
Pecos region. Eastward in the Rio Grande Valley
16 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
it ranges to Eagle Pass and northward to the vicinity
of San Antonio. Recorded from Eagle Pass (Dit-
mars), Sheffield, Pecos County (Bailey), Helotes and
San Antonio (Cope). I have a specimen from the
foothills of the Chisos Mountains, Brewster County.
IGUANIDA*
30. ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS Cuvier. Green Lizard Chame-
leon.
Eastern Texas from Texarkana to Brownsville in
the pine-woods and Gulf Coast counties; in the inte-
rior west to Dallas, Falls and Bastrop Counties. The
range of this species extends to within half a dozen
miles of Waco, but I have never seen it west of the |
Brazos River in this section of the State.
31. CROTAPHYTUS COLLARIS Say. Ring-necked Lizard.
Mountain Boomer.
Middle-Western and Northwestern Texas from the
Panhandle south to the Pecos River; eastward in
rocky districts to Tarrant, Bosque, Coryell and
Travis Counties.
32. CROTAPHTUS COLLARIS BAILEYI Stejneger. Bailey’s
Ring-necked Lizard.
This variety of collaris replaces the typical form
in the region south and west of the Pecos River.
33. CROTAPHYTUS RETICULATUS Baird. Reticulated Lizard.
This rare lizard is known from only a very few
localities in the Rio Grande Valley in the extreme
*CTENOSAURA sp. Iguana.
A species of Iguana enters the southern portion of the Rio Grande
Valley of Texas, but up to the present time no specimens from that
region have been added to any of the scientific collections. Prof.
Menger, Principal of the Corpus Christi public schools, informs
me that a half-grown Iguana was captured in Neuces County, not
far from his town. Mr. Julius Hurter writes that he found a dead
Cteno saura in May, 1908, at a point between Brownsville and Rancho
St. Thomas, eight miles southeast on the Rio Grande River. This
specimen was too badly decomposed for specific determination,
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 17
southern portion of the State. I have not met with
it personally. The published records are Laredo and
Ringgold Barracks (specimens in the National Mu-
seum collection, listed by Cope), and Rio Grande
City (Bailey).
34. CROTAPHYTUS WISLIZENII Baird and Girard. Leopard
Lizard.
Trans-Pecos Texas, apparently not common. The
Baylor Museum specimens were collected at El] Paso,
where it is said to be rather more abundant than in
the country further east. Bailey records it from
Boquillas, Brewster County, and Toyahvale, Reeves
County, and Brown included it in his list of the rep-
tiles of Pecos.
35. HOLBROOKIA TEXANA Troschel. Texas Zebra-tailed
Lizard.
This handsome lizard has a very entensive range,
being distributed over fully two-thirds of the counties
of the State. It is very abundant in the trans-Pecos
region, in the granite country, and in many of the
counties of Middle-Southern Texas. It is also found
in some of the east-central counties, but in these it is
very locally distributed. In the Panhandle and south-
ern plains district, it is confined to the rocky breaks
and canyons. Tarrant, Bosque, McLennan and the
line of counties extending southward seem to form
the eastern boundary to its range.
36. HOLBROOKIA MACULATA Girard. Spotted Lizard.
This species inhabits the western half of the State,
east to Wichita, Parker and Bexar counties, south
to the Rio Grande. It is most abundant west of the
foot of the plains and in the trans-Pecos region.
Many of the records for this species have been hope-
lessly confused with those for the variety lacerata
and the species propinqua. All of these have been re-
ported from San Antonio, probably as the result of
mistaken identifications.
18 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
37. HOLBROOKIA MACULATA LACERATA Cope. Boll’s Spotted
Lizard.
This sub-species, which is probably merely a color
variety of the last, inhabits the middle district east
of the plains and west of the timbered region, from
the northern boundary south to the Rio Grande
River. My records from near Waco and China
Springs, McLennan County, carry its range, locally,
into East-Central Texas. The following are pub-
lished localities for this lizard: Cotulla, La Salle
County (Bailey) ; Guadalupe River, Kendall County,
and Comanche and Erath Counties (Cope) ; Japonica,
Kerr County, 15 miles west (Bailey), and 25 miles
southwest of Sherwood [probably Crockett County]
(Bailey).
38. HOLBROOKIA PROPINQUA Baird and Girard. Long-tailed
Spotted Lizard.
Lower Rio Grande Valley, north to San Antonio
and Refugio, westward to the Pecos River and prob-
ably beyond. Mr. Mitchell sent me a pair of these
lizards from Padre Island, together with the follow-
ing notes: ‘These lizards come down to the Gulf
beach from the sand-hills and forage among the drift
and sea-weed. They make this trip after sun-down
and return to the sand-hills at daylight.”
39. UTA STANSBURIANA Baird and Girard. Brown-shoul-
dered Lizard.
The trans-Pecos region, the panhandle district and
probably the breaks and canyons in the southern
plains district. Messrs. Townsend and Barber sent
me a large series from El Paso with the statement
that it was common in that vicinity. Bailey records
it from Pecos City and Fort Stockton. A single ex-
ample was collected near Elephant Mesa, Brewster
County, by a Baylor University expedition. On my
Northwestern Texas trip in 1910, I found it in abun-
dance in Rush Creek Arroyo, Armstrong County, and
this leads me to believe that it must inhabit all of
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 19
the arroyos and canyons west of the foot of the plains
clear down to the Pecos River.
40. UTA ORNATA Baird and Girard. Ornate Lizard.
This handsome little lizard has an extensive range
in Western Texas, but is another species that seems
to have been overlooked by most collectors. The ma-
jority of the records are from localities in the trans-
Pecos country. Cope first noted it as a Texas reptile
in his essay “On the Zoological Position of Texas,”
but called it Uta symmetrica Baird. (Specimens from
the tributaries of the Medina River.) According to
Arthur Erwin Brown, it occurs as far north as Sey-
mour, Baylor County, from which point specimens
were received at the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens.
It is by no means uncommon in Llano and Burnet
Counties of the granite country. Bailey mentions it
from Ingram, Kerr County, and Mr. Louis Garni has
collected it near Boerne, Kendall County.
41. SCELOPORUS COUCHI Baird. Couch’s Lizard.
This lizard must be very rare in Texas, for I have
been able to find only two authentic records in the
literature, and have never been so fortunate as to
find a specimen on any of my collecting trips to the
southern part of the State. Witmer Stone records a
specimen from Devil’s River, Val Verde County. Dr.
Leonhard Stejneger states that the type specimen of
Lysoptychus lateralis Cope, described in the Proceed-
ings of the United States National Museum, 1888,
page 397, is merely a specimen of this species. It is
from San Diego, Duval County.
42. SCELOPORUS ORNATUS Baird. Decorated Lizard.
A Mexican species entering the Lower Rio Grande
Valley of Texas. Recorded from Duval County by
Dr. Boulenger (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1897, page
484). Cope, in the Report of the U. S. National Mu-
seum for 1898, page 345, lists a specimen collected by
J. H. Clark at “Redmond’s Pass.” Clark collected
20
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
other material at Redmond’s Ranch, which Dr.
Stejneger states is the same as Bellville, about 70
miles below Laredo, and I suspect that the two are
the same.
43. SCELOPORUS TORQUATUS POINSETTII Baird and Girard.
Poinsett’s Lizard.
Trans-Pecos and Lower Rio Grande regions, in rocky
localities. While the majority of the records for this
species are south and west of the Pecos River, it has
been collected-as far east as San Diego, Duval County,
and Cope states that he found it abundant in the first
plateau region as far as the upper waters of the
Guadalupe.
44, SCELOPORUS SPINOSUS Wiegmann. ‘Tree Swift: Texas
Sealy Lizard.
Central and Southern Texas north to Dallas and
Waco. Common in the Lower Rio Grande Valley,
west to the mouth of the Pecos. Although arboreal
in habits, it does not occur in the timbered region of
extreme Eastern Texas. In the coast country, I have
found this lizard as far east as Galveston. Cope lists
a specimen from El Paso, but this was probably a
dull-colored example of Sceloporus clarkit.
45. SCELOPORUS SPINOSUS CLARKII. Baird and Girard.
Clark’s Sealy Lizard.
Trans-Pecos region, in the valley of the Rio Grande,
from the mouth of the Pecos River northwest to El
Paso. Bailey records specimens from Langry, Val
Verde County, and Boquillas, Brewster County. I
have numerous specimens from E] Paso, in which lo-
cality it has been secured by a number of collectors.
In coloration, it is one of the handsomest of Texas
lizards.
46. SCELOPORUS UNDULATUS Latreille. Fence Lizard.
In Texas, the eastern fence lizard is confined to
the timber belt. I have collected it in Henderson,
Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Angelina, Liberty and San
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 21
Jacinto Counties. Mr. H. E. Fowler sent me several
from Lindale, Smith County, and the National Mu-
seum has it from Anderson County.
47. SCELOPORUS CONSOBRINUS Baird and Girard. Marcy’s
Lizard.
With the exception of the eastern timber belt, this
lizard is found all over Texas. Among extreme lo-
calities from which specimens have been reported
are the following: Gainesville, Cooke County (Na-
tional Museum collection) ; Bosque Hills, McLennan
County (Strecker); Refugio, Refugio County
(Strecker) ; Santa Rosa, Cameron County (Bailey) ;
Paladuro Canyon, Armstrong County (Strecker) ;
Yoakum County (Baylor University collection), and
El] Paso (Baylor collection). In many counties this
species is distributed very locally. Specimens from
Bexar and Comal Counties display very bright col-
ors, while those found in the Panhandle and on the
plains are dull colored. El Paso specimens usually
have a gray-green ground color on the dorsal sur-
faces and the stripes are very distinct. In different
localities, the light lines vary from pure white to
buff, deep yellow and green.
48. SCELOPORUS MERRIAMI Stejneger. Merriam’s Lizard.
This species is known from only a few localities in
Western Texas, from the Pecos River Canyon, 55
miles northwest of Comstock, Val Verde County,
south to the mouth of the Pecos River and west along
the Rio Grande River to Boquillas, near the Big
Bend.
49. SCELOPORUS DISPAR Baird and Girard.
Slender Sealy Lizard.
In “The Biological Survey of Texas,” Bailey re-
cords five specimens collected by William Lloyd at
Lomita Ranch, six miles north of Hidalgo, Hidalgo
County. Cope placed Sceloporus dispar in the syn-
onymy of Wiegmann’s Sceloporus microlepidotus, but
it is probably distinct.
22
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
50. SCELOPORUS VARIABILIS Wiegmann. Variable Lizard.
Southwestern Texas from Bandera, Bexar and
Nueces Counties south to the Rio Grande. Mr.
Mitchell collected several specimens in the neighbor-
hood of Oakville, Live Oak County, and writes that
it makes it home among Opuntia plants in that local-
ity. Mr. Louis Garni sent me an interesting series
from San Antonio. He states that it is rather com-
mon on the grounds of St. Louis College.
This lizard, the Sceloporus marmoratus and Scel-
oporus delicatissimus of Hallowell, names applied to
specimens of the different sexes, is also the species
misnamed Sceloporus scalaris Wiegmann by Cope,
Yarrow and A. E. Brown. Cope afterward discov-
ered his error and corrected it in the synonymy of
Sceloporus variabilis on page 398 of “The Crocodil-
ians, Lizards and Snakes of North America.” Brown
evidently overlooked this correction and five years
later listed Sceloporus scalaris as a Texas reptile. The
last named species inhabits Mexico and may possibly
enter Texas in the trans-Pecos region. It has been
collected in the State of Chihuahua, only about thirty
miles south of El Paso.
51. PHRYNOSOMA DOUGLASSI HERNANDESI Girard.
Hernandez’s Horned Lizard.
Bailey records a single specimen from the Guada-
lupe Mountains, El Paso County. This seems to be
the first that has been collected in the State in many
years. The National Museum has three specimens
labeled Pecos River, Texas, Capt. John Pope.
52. PHRYNOSOMA DOUGLASSII ORNATISSIUM Girard.
Painted Horned Lizard.
No. 205, United States National Museum collection,
labeled “Pecos River and Rio Grande, Major Em-
ory,” is the only Texas record that I have been able
to find for this variety.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 23
538. PHRYNOSOMA CORNUTUM Harlan. Horned Toad.
Texas Horned Lizard.
Western, Central and Southern Texas. In the cre-
taceous region of the east-central portion of the
State, it is found as far north as Dallas. Absent
from most of the counties of the East Texas timber
belt and the north-central section.
54. PHRYNOSOMA MODESTUM Girard. Little Horned Lizard.
The trans-Pecos region and the plains from Clar-
endon south to the Rio Grande River.
ANGUIDA
55. OPHISAURUS VENTRALIS Linn. Glass Snake.
Eastern Texas from the northern boundary south
to the Rio Grande. Both eastern and western phases
occur together in the same localities in the coast
country. It is rare in the region about Waco, but
more common to the eastward, in the timber belt.
Kerrville is the most western record that I have been
able to find for this species.
56. GERRHONOTUS LIOCEPHALUS INFERNALIS Baird.
Texas Gerrhonotus: Plated Lizard.
This rare lizard has been recorded from only a
few scattered localities, mostly in the central-north-
ern, central and western sections of the State. It in-
habits rocky places and is our most pugnacious lizard.
The following are the published localities: Devil’s
River, Helotes Creek and Wichita County (Cope),
Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, at 6,000 feet
(Bailey), Hays and Travis Counties and between
Lewisville and Roanoke, Denton County (Cragin).
My three specimens are each from a different local-
ity, i. e., White Bluff, Burnet County, the hills west
of Austin, and the foothills of the Chisos Mountains.
24
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
TENIDA.
57. CNEMIDOPHORUS SEXLINEATUS Linn. Six-lined Lizard.
Eastern, Central and Northern Texas. Without
an examination of the specimens, it would not be pos-
sible to tell whether some of the published records
refer to this species or Cnemidophorus gularis. In
many of the central counties, both species occur in
the same localities, but occupy different habitats.
Near Waco, gularis inhabits the fields and grassy
flats while sexlineatus seems partial to wooded bot-
tom lands. Brown records this lizard from Pecos but I
have never seen examples from that far west. Cope’s
Galveston and Bailey’s Padre Island records indicate
that this species ranges through the coast country
clear down to the mouth of the Rio Grande river.
58. CNEMIDOPHORUS GULARIS Baird and Girard.
Spotted Race Runner: Western Lined Lizard.
Central, Southern and Western Texas, its eastern
range overlapping that of Cnemidophorus sexlinea-
tus. It must also occur in the northern portion of
the State as it is quite a common animal in Central
Arkansas and Oklahoma. Specimens from Waco and
other east-central counties are much larger than the
majority of West Texas specimens. The smallest ex-
amples in my series are from the canyons of the
southern counties of the Panhandle.
59. CNEMIDOPHORUS TESSELLATUS Baird and Girard. Tes-
sellated Lizard.
Trans-Pecos Texas, southeast in the Rio Grande
valley to Laredo and probably further. Bailey re-
cords specimens from the Castle Mountains in Crane
county.
60. CNEMIDOPHORUS PERPLEXUS Baird and Girard. Seven
lined Lizard.
This species inhabits the region south and west
of the Pecos river, but apparently does not range east
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 25
of that stream. I collected it in several localities in
Brewster and Jeff Davis Counties and consider it a
much commonef animal than tessellatus, although
the Biological Survey party obtained more specimens
of that species.
61. CNEMIDOPHORUS GRAHAMII Baird and Girard. Gra-
ham’s Tige’ Lizard.
Western Texs from the Panhandle south through
the plains to|the Mexican boundary. Our lim-
ited knowledge of the range of this rare species,
the handsomestof all Texas lizards, indicates that it
is very local inits distribution. It was originally
described in the}arly fifties from two specimens col-
lected “betweenE] Paso and San Antonio” by one
of the Governmat expeditions. In 1880, Cope re-
cocrded two cold in Tule Canyon, Swisher Coun-
ty, in the southeri Panhandle district. In 1908, Ar-
thur Erwin Browimentioned a specimen in his list of
the reptiles of Pecs. In 1910, I found it not uncom-
mon in the canyonund breaks in Armstrong County
and collected a sets of 23 specimens. Unlike the
young of tessellatuswhich are striped, the young of
this species have th color pattern of the adult. In
many of its habits grahamii reminds one of an
iguanian lizard.
SCINIDZ.
.62. LEIOLEPISMA LATERALE Sy, Ground Lizard.
Eastern and Centralvexas, south almost to the
mouth of the Rio Grand@iver. In the south-central
section of the State is comon in Kendall and Comal
Counties and ranges We%ard well into the granite
country.
63, EUMECES QUINQUELINEATUS yy, Blue-tailed Lizard:
Red-head “Scorpion.”
Eastern Texas, principal in the timber belt,
south to Victoria and Refugiounties, west to Dal-
26
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
las and Waco. Very rare west of the Brazos valley in
the east-central section. Thelargest male Red-heads
that I have ever seen from any locality were sent me
from Lindale by Mr. H. E. Fowler.
64. EUMECES GUTTULATUS Hallowel. White-spotted Skink.
Western Texas from the Tanhandle south to the
Mexican boundary. Most abindant in the mountain-
ous region south of the Pecos River.
65. EUMECES OBSOLETUS Baird and zirard. Sonoran Skink.
This handsome skink rmges over fully two-
thirds of the area of the Stae, but on account of its
secretive habits is but little hown in localities where
it is common. It is a rathe common animal in the
canyons and breaks of the2anhandle, the southern
plains and trans-Pecos canties. Eastward, it is
found as far as McLenna County, and in the Rio
Grande valley almost to thanouth of the river. Brown
records a specimen from €ymour, Baylor County.
66. EUMECES LEPTOGRAMMUuS aird. Hayden’s Skink.
Northern boundary etween Texas and New
Mexico, a single examp collected by J. H. Clark.
(National Museum colttion.) This specimen was
the type of Cope’s Eunces epipleurotus. The range
of this species is usual] given as “the Central Region
—Nebraska to Northn Texas,” but to judge from
the above single reccl, it must be exceedingly rare
in the southern port? of this territory.
67. EUMECES MULTIVIRG/US Hallowell. Many-lined Skink.
The type of Bed’s Plestiodon inornatus, which
is said to be the se as the present species, was col-
lected on the Ric ecos by Captain John Pope. The
locality is ratheyndefinite, but the species evidently
does enter Texa ine region south of Clark’s bound-
ary, for I have Specimen from New Mexico only a
short distancefom the Texas line.
68. EUMECES PACEHJRUS Cope. Blunt-tailed Skink.
Cope des@ed this lizard from a single speci-
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 27
men obtained near Dallas, but afterward lost the
type. Three specimens of a skink collected in the
lowlands between the Brazos river and Tehuacana
creek, from three to five miles east of Waco, fit
Cope’s description in every detail. The species is
evidently rare and of rather peculiar habits. The
under surface of the head, in one of my specimens,
was bright orange red in color. When alarmed, this
lizard retreats into burrows under the roots of small
trees and prickly-pear plants.
69. EUMECES TETRAGRAMMUS Baird. Texas Skink.
Western Texas, east to Cooke and Denton Coun-
ties, southeast to Refugio and Cameron Counties.
No records for the Panhandle or the plains. Appar-
ently rare and of local distribution. In the majority
of cases, only one or two specimens have been col-
lected in the same locality. A black form occurs in
the lower Rio Grande valley and in the granite
country.
70. EUMECES BREVILINEATUS Cope. Short-lined Skink.
West-Central Texas, south to Bexar County and
west into the trans-Pecos Counties. At the present
time we have records from only a very few localities
as follows: Burnet and Morgan Canyon, Burnet
County (Strecker), Fort Concho, Tom Green County,
(Cope), Helotes, Bexar County (Cope), Paisano,
Brewster County (Bailey) and Boerne, Kendall
County (Garni). The specimens from the last men-
tioned locality were identified by me. The short-lined
skink is not uncommon in the granite country but it
is a difficult matter to capture even a small per cent
of the specimens one sees on account of its swift
movements and wonderful ability to take advantage
of every possible concealment.
71, EUMECES ANTHRACINUS Baird. Black Skink.
This handsome little species ranges from Penn-
sylvania southwestward into Northwestern Texas,
28
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
but has so far been recorded from only a very few
localities in this vast region. In Southern Missouri
and Arkansas it is found throughout the Ozarkian
region, westward into the mountains of Oklahoma
and the elevated portion of the plains in the Panhan-
dle.
Specimens from the valley of the Brazos River
in Northwestern Texas, collected by Dr. B. F. Shu-
mard, are in the National collection.
OPHIDIA
GLAUCONIIDA
72. GLAUCONIA DULCIS Baird and Girard. Worm Snake.
North-Central, Central and Southern Texas. At
the present time we have no records for the eastern
timber belt, the Panhandle or the southern plains,
and only one for the trans-Pecos region (Brown’s
Pecos specimen). On account of its diminutive size
and peculiar subterranean habits, this little snake is
almost unknown in localities where it is by no means
uncommon.
COLUBRID.
73. TROPIDONOTUS RHOMBIFER Hallowell. Diamond Water
Snake.
This handsome water snake is found over the
greater portion of the area of the State. So far as we
now know, it does not inhabit the Panhandle or the
plains, but occurs in the trans-Pecos region as is
indicated by Brown’s Pecos and my Brewster County
specimens.
74, TROPIDONOTUS SIPEDON FASCIATUS Linn. Southern
Water Snake.
Eastern Texas, west to Gainesville and Waco, south
to Victoria and Matagorda Counties. In the several
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 29
localities in which I have studied the habits of this
snake, I have always found it in lagoons and bayous
with heavily wooded banks, never in open lakes or
streams. This subspecies and transversus occur in
the same localities, but never, so far as my expe-
rience goes, in the same habitats.
75. TROPIDONOTUS SIPEDON TRANSVERSUS Hallowell.
Hallowell’s Water Snake.
This is the common water snake of Texas and
is found in suitable localities throughout the State.
Unlike fasciatus, this species is partial to open
streams.
76. REGINA CLARKII Baird and Girard. Clark’s Water
Snake.
Coast region from Louisiana to the mouth of the
Rio Grande river. Recoréed from Dallas (Cope) and
Pecos (Brown) but the majority of the published
records are from the vicinity of salt water.
77. REGINA GRAHAMII Baird and Girard. Graham’s Water
Snake.
Eastern Texas, west to Waco and south to the
neighborhood of San Antonio. Its distribution is
very local. At Waco up to and including the year
1912, I had collected only one specimen. In the spring
of 1913, I found it rather common at Cottonwood
creek, only about three miles south of the city. Here
I captured several and observed at least half a dozen
more in the course of one morning.
78. THAMNOPHIS PROXIMA Say. Long’s Garter Snake.
This garter snake is abundant in all Texas east
of the plains and the Pecos river. Brown’s Pecos
record indicates that it enters the trans-Pecos region
and Ruthven lists a specimen from Tule canyon.
Swisher County, west of the foot of the plains, but
it must be exceedingly rare in the extreme western
part of the State.
30 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
79. THAMNOPHIS RADIX Baird and Girard. Racine Gar-
ter Snake.
A specimen from Dallas, mentioned by both Cope
and Ruthven, is the only Texas record that I can find
for this species.
80. THAMNOPHIS MARCIANA Baird and Girard. Marcy’s
Garter Snake.
Marcy’s garter snake inhabits a broad strip of
territory east of the plains and west of the timber
belt, from Oklahoma south to the Mexican border.
Extends west along the Rio Grande valley to El Paso,
but apparently does not occur in the more southern
trans-Pecos Counties. The eastern limit of its Texas
range, so far as we now know, is indicated by speci-
mens from Waco, Victoria and Brownsville. It is
rare in the vicinity of Waco where I have collected
only four specimens in more than twenty years.
In Victoria and Refugio Counties, it is one of the
commonest of all snakes.
81. THAMNOPHIS EQUES Reuss. Brown Garter Snake.
The range of this species is very imperfectly
known. It inhabits all of the trans-Pecos counties
and crosses the Edwards Plateau to San Antonio.
Northward it ranges into the granite country (Llano
and Burnet Counties). My Burnet County specimens
are indistinguishable from several collected in West-
ern Texas, but I am a little doubtful of my Waco
specimens. Two of the latter were identified by Mr.
Brimley as cyrtopsis (eques), but the several now
on hand are faded out in spirits and can hardly be
distinguished from some of the varieties of sirtalis.
82. THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS SIRTALIS Linn. Common Gar-
ter Snake.
Eastern Texas, west to Dallas and Waco, south in
the coast region to Victoria and Matagorda Counties.
In this State we have two varieties which occur to-
gether in the same localities. One of these has both
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 31
stripes and spots, although the spots are usually in-
distinct, and is much the stouter animal of the two.
This is probably the same variety as the specimen
from Dallas referred to by Cope under the name of
E. sirtalis obscura (bulletin U. S. National Museum,
No. 17,1880, page 23). The other is more slender, the
red interspaces of the sides form bars as in parietalis
Say and I have usually referred it to that sub-species,
Since reading Dr. Ruthven’s essay on the garter
snakes, however, I have modified my opinions and
now consider both to be merely forms of sirtalis.
83. THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS PARIETALIS Say. Red-barred
Garter Snake.
Recorded from El Paso by Cope and from Pecos
by Brown. Probably occurs throughout the district
south and west of the Pecos, but locality records are
lacking. The specimen from White Eagle Copper
Mine, referred to in my report on the reptiles of
Burnet County (Baylor University Bulletin, Vol. 12,
No. 1, page 8), may have been one of the other forms
of the division of Thamnophis containing eques, sir-
talis and parietalis.
It is quite likely, however, that parietalis does
range into the granite country as Uta ornata, Hume-
ces brevilineatus and other West Texas reptiles are
found there quite commonly.
84. TROPIDOCLONIUM LINEATUM Hallowell. Lined Snake.
85.
Eastern Texas, west to Cooke, Dallas and Mc-
Lennan Counties, south to Walker, Harris and Lib-
erty Counties. Very abundant within the city limits
of Dallas, Houston and Waco in waste lands and un-
der storerooms and warehouses.
AMPHIARDIS INORNATUS Garman. Garman’s Snake.
The type specimens, two in number, were col-
lected at Dallas and are now in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology at Cambridge. The species must
be very rare as no other examples have been collected
since it was described in 1883.
32 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
86. HALDEA STRIATULA Linn.. Brown Snake.
Eastern Texas, west to Cooke, Somervell and Mc-
Lennan Counties. South as far as Victoria County,
Abundant wherever found.
87. STORERIA DEKAYI Holbrook. De Kay’s Snake.
Eastern half of the State, from the northern
boundary south to the Rio Grande river. Usually
abundant.
88. STORERIA OCCIPITOMACULATA Storer. Red-bellied Snake.
Three specimens labeled Red River, Texas, col-
lected by Robert Kennicott, are in the National Mu-
seum. I have not met with it personally, nor have
I been able to find other records than the above.
If it be true, as Cope states, that it occurs as far
south as Vera Cruz, Mexico, it should certainly be
found throughout the entire eastern section of the
State of Texas.
89. DRYMARCHON CORAIS COUPERI Holbrook. Couper’s Go-
pher Snake: Indigo Snake.
Lower Rio Grande valley from Brownsville to
Eagle Pass, north to La Salle, Live Oak and San
Patricio Counties.
90. DRYMARCHON CORAIS MELANURUS Schlegel. Mexican
Gopher Snake.
Bailey records a single example from Brownsville.
91. DRYMOBIUS MARGARITIFERUS Schlegel. Schlegel’s Snake.
This species has been collected at Brownsville
and Rancho St. Thomas, Cameron County. It is a
tropical snake and not likely to be found much fur-
ther north.
92. CALLOPELTIS OBSOLETUS OBSOLETUS Say. Pilot Black-
snake.
Bailey records specimens of typical obsoletus from
Sour Lake and the mouth of the Nueces river. Per-
sonally I have never met with this sub-species in
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 33
Texas. It is probably confined to the eastern timber
belt and the coast prairie country. In Liberty and
San Jacinto Counties, I frequently heard of a timber
blacksnake that must have been this reptile, but as
no specimens were secured, cannot be positive.
93. CALLOPELTIS OBSOLETUS LINDHEIMERI Baird and Gir-
ard. lLindheimer’s Pilot Snake.
This subspecies inhabits the greater portion of
Texas east of the plains, but is most abundant in
the region from Comal and Bexar Counties east to
Matagorda County and southward in the coast prai-
rie to the mouth of the Rio Grande river. My north-
ernmost locality is McKinney, from which place I
received two adult specimens from Mr. Eustis King.
94, CALLOPELTIS OBSOLETUS CONFINIS Baird and Girard.
Gray Pilot Snake.
Cope considered the Coluber confinis of Baird
and Girard to be an entirely different species from
the Coluber spiloides of Dumeril and Bibron and I
have always mentioned the present species under the
latter name. The gray pilot snake retains its juven-
ile color pattern through life. The head markings
in the young are very variable, but usually present
to those willing to draw on their imaginations the
outlines of a human head. In one example it is an
old man with gray beard, in another a woman’s head
with abundant tresses, and so on. Two were exhib-
ited at a local exposition with a ‘For Sale” sign at-
tached. Price $100.00 for the pair! And these were
no better specimens from the standpoint of mark-
ings than a dozen or more in my own collection. It
is needless to say that the owner failed to find a
purchaser.
Confinis ranges from Dallas south to the Browns-
ville country. Mr. Hurter obtained two mag-
nificent specimens at San Antonio and Mr. Mitchell
has collected several at Victoria. Both the present
sub-species and lindheimeri have been collected in
34 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
the same locality, but whether their habitats differ
or not, I am unable to say. Confinis is common in
McLennan County, where it inhabits the river bot-
toms. Two specimens of lindheimeri were collected
in the hilly country, eighteen miles northwest of
Waco, in the same county. Mr. Mitchell reports both
subspecies from Victoria.
95. CALLOPELTIS EMORYI Baird and Girard. Emory’s
Pilot Snake.
Western half of the State, east to Dallas, Waco,
Victoria and Brownsville. This species climbs trees
but is less active than the different forms of Callo-
peltis obsoletus. It is the only species of pilot snake
that is found in the breaks and canyons of the plains
region.
96. CALLOPELTIS BAIRDI Yarrow. Baird’s Pilot Snake.
The type and only specimen of this species is in
the National Museum collection. It was collected at
Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County.
97. CALLOPELTIS SUBOCULARIS A. EF. Brown.
Davis Mountain Pilot Snake.
This snake is known only from the Davis Moun-
tain district of trans-Pecos Texas. The type was
from the head of Toyah creek, Jeff Davis County.
A number of living specimens were received at the
Philadelphia Zoological Garden and it is probably
one of the most distinct species in the genus.
98. ARIZONA ELEGANS Kennicott. Kennicott’s Snake.
Known in Texas from only a few widely sepa-
rated localities. Arthur Erwin Brown records it
from Pecos and Seymour. Julius Hurter obtained
two fine examples near San Antonio. Dr. Boulenger
in his Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Mu-
seum, records two from Duval County, under the
name of Coluber arizonae.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 35
99. PITYOPHIS CATENIFER SAYI Schlegel. Bull Snake.
Western half of the State, east, locally, to Wich-
ita, McLennan, Victoria and Cameron Counties. In
Central Texas it is by no means a common snake, but
some of the largest specimens that I have ever seen
came from this section.
100. ZAMENIS CONSTRICTOR CONSTRICTOR Linn. Black
Snake.
Probably the true Zamenis constrictor does not
enter Texas, but the black racer of the northeastern
section of the State is very near to the typical sub-
species and differs greatly from flaviventris. The
racer snakes of Texas are a curious lot, presenting
the characters and every type of coloration known
to the several races inhabiting North America. The
black form is principally confined to the northern
and northeastern sections, but an occasional specimen
is found as far south as Bosque and McLennan Coun-
ties.
101. ZAMENIS CONSTRICTOR FLAVIVENTRIS Say. Yellow-
bellied Racer.
This racer probably inhabits the greater por-
tion of Texas, but has been recorded from only a few
scattered localities. The type of Cope’s Zamenis
stejnegerarius was from Cameron County. Garman
mentions a specimen from Deming’s Bridge, Mata-
gorda County, and I have seen one from Burnet Coun-
ty. In the prairie district of McLennan County this
snake is by no means uncommon and I have had
several from the Brazos bottomlands from Waco
south to Bryan. McLennan County specimens are
very variable in the color of the upper surfaces, but
the underparts are usually yellow. One young exam-
ple was blotched with bright red.
102. ZAMENIS FLAGELLUM Shaw. Coachwhip Snake.
The “prairie runner” is a common snake over the
greater portion of the area of the State. It ap-
36
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
parently does not enter the northern section of the
timber belt, but has been recorded from almost every
other section. Specimens from the Central Texas
counties are rather dark in coloration, while those
from the dry regions of the west and southwest are
very pale. Several from El Paso County combine the
characters of the two western subspecies, frenatum
and piceus, having narrow crossbands in front and
the underparts bright pink in color.
103. ZAMENIS TAENIATUS TAENIATUS Hallowell. Western
Coachwhip Snake.
Cope records this beautiful snake from two local-
ities in the Rio Grande valley—Laredo and Eagle
Pass. The Eagle Pass specimen is the type of Masti-
cophis schottii Baird and Girard. Some years ago I
collected two fine adult specimens in Burnet County,
but it is extremely rare that far north.
104. ZAMENIS TAENIATUS ORNATUS Baird and Girard. Texas
Coachwhip Snake.
Known only from a few localities in Western
Texas. Bailey records specimens from near Com-
stock and the head of Devil’s river, and Brown lists
it from Pecos. The National Museum contains the
types from “between Indianola and El Paso,” receiv-
ed from Colonel Graham, and one from “Howard
Springs,” collected by Major Emory.
105. SALVADORA GRAHAMIAE Baird and Girard. Graham’s
Snake.
Southern and Western Texas. Not uncommon as
far up the coast as Matagorda County and in the
south-central section in Kerr, Kendall, Comal and
Bexar Counties. Extends locally as far north as
McLennan County.
106. CYCLOPHIS AESTIVUS Linn. Southern Green Snake.
A rather common species as far west as the foot
of the plains and south to the Mexican boundary. In
107.
108.
109.
EEG.
fl.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 37
the Panhandle district, a few are found in the wooded
canyons.
LIOPELTIS VERNALIS Harlan. Northern Green Snake.
The smooth-scaled green snake has been reported
from only two widely separated localities, i. e., Wash-
burn, Armstrong County (Bailey), and Deming’s
Bridge, Matagorda County (Garman).
CONTIA EPISCOPA Kennicott. Miter Snake.
The published records indicate that this snake
has an extensive range. It is principally distributed
over the western and southern sections of the State
but has been reported from as far east as Fort Worth.
CONTIA EPISCOPA ISOZONA Cope. Banded Miter Snake.
This variety of episcopa is known from only a
few localities. Bailey reports one from the Chisos
Mountains, Brewster County, at 6,000 feet. Cope’s
records are Tule Canyon, Swisher County, and
Gainesville, Cooke County. I have collected it in
the neighborhood of Claude, Armstrong County.
CONTIA TAYLORII Boulenger. Taylor’s Snake.
Only three specimens of this snake are known.
Two are from the type locality, San Diego, Duval
County, and are now in the British Museum. The
third specimen was obtained in Northern Mexico.
DIADOPHIS REGALIS Baird and Girard. Regal Ring-
necked Snake.
Recorded from the Chisos Mountains at 5,000 feet
(Bailey), Eagle Springs, El] Paso County, and Fort
Davis (Cope) and Waco (Strecker). The Waco
specimen was an example of the color variety arnyt
Kennicott and indistinguishable from specimens
from Missouri and Central Arkansas. It probably
ranges over the greater part of Texas, but like many
small species has been overlooked by collectors.
38 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
112. DIADOPHIS AMABILIS Baird and Girard. Western Ring-
necked Snake.
Coast region south to the mouth of the Rio
Grande River, north to Bexar and Comal Counties,
westward through the trans-Pecos counties. No.
1897 of the National Museum collection from “New
Orleans to Galveston,” is the type of Kennicott’s Dia-
dophis texensis.
113. OPHIBOLUS DOLIATUS DOLIATUS Linn. Scarlet King
Snake.
Eastern Texas, south to Victoria, west to Waco;
rare.
114. OPHIBOLUS DOLIATUS COCCINEUS Schlegel. Red King
Snake.
Recorded from Galveston by Cope. Mr. Julius
Hurter writes me that he captured a specimen at
Paris, Lamar County, and it is now in his private
collection.
115. OPHIBOLUS DOLIATUS GENTILIS Baird and Girard.
Ringed King Snake.
Rio Grande valley, north and east to San Angelo,
San Antonio and Victoria. This is the Lampropeltis
annulata of Kennicott.
116. OPHIBOLUS CALLIGASTER Harlan. Evan’s King Snake.
In Texas, this beautiful king snake has been re-
ported from only a few scattered localities. Cope
mentions examples from Gainesville, near the north-
eastern boundary, and Fort Davis, in the trans-Pecos
region. Garman records one from Deming’s Bridge,
Matagorda County, under the name of Ophibolus
rhombomaculatus Holbrook. It is found in the
neighborhood of Waco, but is extremely rare.
117. OPHIBOLUS GETULUS HOLBROOKII Stejneger. Speckled
King Snake.
I adopt the name proposed by Dr. Stejneger for the
Ophibolus getulus sayii of most authors, for I be-
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 39
lieve that he has stated the true status of the case,
i. e., that the Coronella sayi Schlegel is the snake
that we know as Pityophis catenifer sayi Schlegel.
The speckled king snake inhabits the greater portion
of the area of Texas, but some of the published lo-
cality records doubtless refer to Ophibolus splendidus
Cope, and on this account it would be a difficult mat-
ter at this time to define the limits of its Texan
range. It occurs throughout the entire eastern sec-
tion and as far west as the foot of the plains. South-
ward, it is found in Burnet, Bexar and Refugio
Counties. Most of these southern specimens have
many of the color characters of splendidus and I sus-
pect that Brown’s Pecos specimens belong to that
species.
118. OPHIBOLUS SPLENDIDUS Cope. Splendid King Snake.
Cope and Stejneger record specimens in the Na-
tional collection from Pecos River and San Diego.
Dr. Stejneger says that this form seems to skirt the
Mexican border pretty closely. The majority of the
specimens in collections are from Southern Arizona
and New Mexico.
119. OPHIBOLUS ALTERNUS A. E. Brown. Davis Mountain
King Snake.
Known only from the type specimen collected in
the Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis County.
120. FARANCIA ABACURA Holbrook. Horn Snake.
Mr. J. D. Mitchell collected a specimen of this
snake at Victoria in 1909. It had not previously
been reported from the State. It probably occurs in
all the swamp and bayou counties of the eastern and
southeastern sections.
121. VIRGINIA ELEGANS Kennicott. Virginia’s Snake.
Eastern and Central Texas. Reported by Cope
from Dallas, Helotes, Kerrville and Liberty Hill, Wil-
liamson County. I have it from Lindale, Smith
40 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
County, and White Eagle Copper Mine, Burnet
County.
122. FICIMIA CANA Cope. Dog-nosed Snake.
A specimen from Duval County, Texas, is recorded
by Boulenger in his Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum.
123. RHINOCHILUS LECONTEI Baird and Girard. Le Conte’s
Snake.
Southern and Western Texas, north and east, lo-
cally, to Eastland and McLennan Counties. Speci-
mens have been recorded from the following locali-
ties: Waco (nine miles north), Midland, Midland
County, and Clear Creek, Burnet County (Strecker) ;
San Diego, Helotes, San Angelo, Fort Chadbourne,
Menard County, and Desdemonia, Eastland County
(Cope), Pecos (Brown), and Rock Springs, Edwards
County (Bailey). A living specimen in the Texas
Cotton Palace zoo was captured at Hewitt, McLen-
nan County.
124. HYPSIGLENA TEXANA Stejneger. Texan Rock Snake.
Known from only a few localities in the southern
and western sections. Brown mentions one from
Seymour, Baylor County. Specimens from San Diego
and Laredo are in the National collection. The type
was collected by Arthur Schott between Laredo and
Camargo, Texas. Cope does not mention this spe-
cies in his “Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of
North America,” although it was published in 1893,
some time before his death. The Texas specimens in
the National Museum were listed under the name of
H. ochrorhyncha Cope, and texana is not mentioned
even as a synonym. Dr. Brown refused to recognize
texana as being distinct from ochrorhyncha, claiming
that the type must have been an abnormal specimen
and the characters assigned by its author of no value.
However, as Dr. Stejneger distinctly says that the
other specimens from Texas examined by him agree
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 41
in every respect with the type, I shall here recognize
it as a distinct species.
125. HETERODON PLATYRHINUS Latreille. Spreading Adder:
Hog-need Snake.
The “bloving adder” is distributed over the entire
eastern ani middle sections west to the foot of the
plains and south almost to the Rio Grande River.
This specils follows the canyons in the Panhandle
and by thijmeans penetrates the plains region for a
short distace.
126. HETERODON NASCIUS Baird and Girard. Western
Spreaing Adder.
Western Texas, extending eastward in the Rio
Grande Viley as far as Cameron County. Common
in the tras-Pecos counties and in the Panhandle
west of th foot of the plains. In the Rio Grande
Valley thi species seenis to be found only in the
border cotties and does not range northward into .
the interiafor any distance.
127. SIBON SEPTETRIONALIS Kennicott. Ringed Snake. «
This anche following species are tropical sn:akes
which exte! their range into North America only in
the extremsouthern portion of Cameron County,
Texas. Sits septentrionalis has been captured at
Brownsvillén several occasions.
128. ERYTHROLAMWs IMPERIALIS Baird. Imperial Snake.
Brownsvil\ Texas.
129. TANTILLA NIGKeps Kennicott. Black-headed Tantilla.
Western arSouthern Texas. Recorded from San
Antonio and h Diego by Cope and from Pecos by
Brown. Copéays that it is common between the
upper waters he Brazos and Colorado Rivers. I
did not find it \any of the localities visited by me.
130. TANTILLA GRACILBaird and Girard. Graceful Tan-
tilla.
Texas, west t4e foot of the plains, south to the
42 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
Mexican boundary. Cope’s type of Tantilla hallowelli
came from Eagle Pass. Specimens from Burnet
County, while possessing only six upper labials, have
the top of the head almost as dark as in T. nigriceps.
131. ELAPS FULVIUS Linn. Harlequin, Bad or Coral Snake.
Eastern Texas from the northen boundary south
to the Rio Grande, west almost o the foot of the
plains.
VIPERIDA:.
132. AGKISTRODON ‘PISCIVOROUS Lacepeec. Cottonmouth:
Stumptail Water Moccasin.
Eastern and Southern Texas, alindant in the tim-
ber belt and the coast and Fayeti prairies. In the
Rio Grande country extends wes to the mouth of
the Pecos River. In the east ceiral section occurs
at Dallas, Waco and Burnet. Theypes of Toxicophis
: pugnax Baird and Girard were ‘om Indianola.
133... AGKISTRODON CONTORTIX Linn. opperhead: High-
land Moccasin.
The copperhead is found thughout the eastern
and east central sections of thState, south to San
Antonio, Refugio and Victori The most western
locality from which I have a scimen is Burnet, but
Mr. Garni has collected it neayoerne, Kendall Coun-
ty, and Dr. Brown records ‘from Pecos.
134. SISTRURUS MILIARIUS Linn. Pygmy Rattlesnake:
Ground Rattlesnake.
This tiny rattlesnake is rier scarce in Texas, but
is found in most of the east and east-central coun-
ties. In the coast prairiestrict it is found as far
south as Victoria and M:orda counties. In Mc-
Lennan County I have co'ted only one specimen in
the past twenty years.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 43
135. SISTRURUS CATENATUS CONSORS Baird and Girard.
Massasauga: Large Ground Rattlesnake.
Western Texas, principally in the Panhandle and
on the southern plains, southeastward over the Ed-
wards Plateau through the Lower Rio Grande coun-
try to the coast. In the coast country ranges north to
Victoria and Matagorda counties. The type speci-
men of consors was collected at Indianola, Matagorda
County, while the types of edwardsii Baird and Gir-
ard (now considered the same thing) were from
Sonora, Sutton County. This species was formerly
abundant in the Panhandle district, but farmers re-
port that it is getting scarcer every year. Mr. Lutrell
of Claude, Armstrong County, informs me that he
has often killed from fifty to sixty during one wheat
season, but that during the past four or five years he
has not seen more than half a dozen in any one year.
136. CROTALUS MOLOssUS Baird and Girard. Dog-faced
Rattlesnake.
In Texas, this species is known only from Pecos
and El Paso Counties. The type specimen of Hallo-
well’s Crotalus ornatus, collected by Dr. Heermann
at the Pecos river, en route between El Paso and San
Antonio, was until quite recent years the only Texas
specimen of which we had any record. In 1901 the
United States Biological Survey party collected a
number of specimens of the dog-faced rattlesnake,
and in his report on the results of the survey, Mr.
Vernon Bailey writes the following: “This is the
common rattlesnake of the Guadalupe Mountains in
Upper Sonoran zone on both sides of the Texas and
New Mexico line. Specimens were collected near
the edge of the Transition zone on the east and west
slopes of the mountains at 6,500 and 6,800 feet, but I
assume that this species belongs to Upper Sonoran.
A flat skin collected by Cary at a point 25 miles west
of Sheffield is apparently this species. We found this
snake in August, 1901, in the gulches high up on the
44 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
range. It is pugnacious, quick to sound its rattle
and throw itself on the defensive. Because of its
prevailing color of olive green, we always referred
to it as the ‘green rattlesnake.’ ”
137. CROTALUS ATROX Baird and Girard. Texas Rattlesnake:
Western Diamond Rattlesnake.
Middle and Southern Texas, from the southeastern
corner of the Panhandle south to the Mexican bound-
ary, east in the Rio Grande Country to the coast. A
line from the eastern boundary of Wichita County
drawn through Waco straight down to the mouth
of the Colorado River will roughly indicate the east-
ern limits of its range. West it extends almost to
the foot of the plains and ranges along both sides
of the Pecos and Rio Grande Rivers into the southern
plains, the trans-Pecos counties and Mexico. It ap-
parently does not inhabit the higher elevations in the
trans-Pecos district. The peculiar form known as
Crotalus scutulatus Kennicott is recorded from Duval
County by Boulenger and from Pecos by Brown, and
I have it from the western part of El Paso County.
138. CROTALUS CONFLUENTUS Say. Plains Rattlesnake.
This rattlesnake inhabits the plains of Western
Texas. Cope records it from the head of Red River,
Canyon Blanco and Haskell County, Bailey mentions
it from Amarillo, and I have collected it near Mid-
land. Boulenger records a specimen in the British
Museum from Duval County. Many of the locality
labels on early National Museum specimens are
rather indefinite, but the collection contains speci-
mens from San Antonio, Pecos River, and the Rio
San Pedro (Devil’s River).
139. CROTALUS HORRIDUS Linn. Banded Rattlesnake.
This is the “timber rattlesnake” of Eastern Texas
and is widely distributed. Vernon Bailey’s map in
the Report on the Biological Survey of Texas, show-
ing the distribution of this species, would have been
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 45
a RR 2ST ee
much more accurate had he left all of the region east
of the range of Crotalus atrox unshaded and marked
it “distribution of Crotalus horridus.’ Mr. Mitchell
mentions this species from Victoria and Winchester,
Fayette County, the former locality well within the
range of atrox. I have either collected or examined
specimens of horridus in McLennan, Coryell, Bosque
and Williamson counties, in all of which atroz is also
found, the former inhabiting the timber lands, the
latter the rocky districts and flats.
140. CROTALUS LEPIDUS Kennicott. Kennicott’s Rattlesnake.
Rio Grande Valley from Eagle Pass west almost to
EK] Paso. In the trans-Pecos district is not uncom-
mon in the Chisos, Davis and other mountain ranges
of Brewster, Pecos and Jeff Davis Counties. In color,
this rattlesnake is very variable, some authorities re-
ferring to it as the “green rattlesnake,” while Bailey
calls it the “white rattlesnake.” Some years ago, I.
received from the San Blas Mountains, Chihuahua.
Mexico, a fresh specimen of this species, which was
bright salmon colored.
AMPHIBIA
SALIENTIA
RANIDAG
141. RANA PIPIENS Schreber. Leopard Frog.
The leopard frog, or, as it is called in many Texas
localities, the “spotted bull frog,” is distributed all
over the State wherever there are watercourses.
Specimens from the western part of the trans-Pecos
region—Sierra Blanca and El Paso—are very close
to the Mexican variety called Rana pipiens austricola
by Cope. Specimens from Southern Texas—Browns-
ville and San Antonio—were named Rana berlandieri
by Baird and were afterward referred to as Rana
virescens (pipiens) brachycephala by Cope. The
latter is a western subspecies which I consider of
46 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
very doubtful value. Rana pipiens is a very variable
frog and I have found it in its various phases in
every locality visited by me.
142. RANA SPHENOCEPHALA Cope. Southern Leopard Frog.
Miss Dickerson records this beautiful spotted frog
from Hitchcock. I have collected it at Refugio, Bur-
net, Glen Rose, Dripping Springs, five miles north-
east of Waco, and a point eight miles south of Waco,
on the left bank of the Brazos. With the exception
of the Refugio specimens, all of the specimens of this
frog collected by me were found in the vicinity of
springs. They seem very fond of lurking behind
clusters of ferns on moist banks, and do not seem
to venture any great distance from water.
143. RANA AREOLATA Baird and Girard. Texas Gopher
Frog.
Originally described from Indianola, Matagorda
County, by Baird and Girard, and afterward recorded
from Hitchcock by Miss Dickerson. This is a species
of peculiar habits and likely to be overlooked even
in localities where it is not uncommon. In Missouri,
Mr. Hurter found this frog inhabiting the deserted
chimneys of crayfish.
144, RANA CATESBEIANA Shaw. Bull Frog.
Eastern Texas, south to Victoria and Refugio. I
have found it as far west as Coryell and Burnet Coun-
ties, and Mr. Garni has collected it in Kendall and
Bexar Counties. The specimen of Rana clamitans
Daudin, recorded from Texarkana in a footnote in
the Hurter-Strecker list of Arkansas reptiles and
amphibians (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Science, 1909,
Vol. 18, No. 2) proves to be not that species, but a
young example of catesbeiana.
ENGYSTOMATIDA
145. GASTROPHRYNE CAROLINENSE Holbrook.
Narrow-mouthed Toad.
Eastern Texas south to Victoria. Many of the
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 47
published records for this species probably refer to
G. texense Girard, a smaller, slenderer, paler, and
more uniformly colored animal with unspotted un-
derparts. I have collected typical carolinense at
Cleveland, Liberty county, and have examined speci-
mens collected at Paris, by Hurter, and Victoria, by
Mitchell. Miss Dickerson reports it from Hitchcock.
Mr. Mitchell obtained only one specimen at Victoria,
a locality inhabited by both G. texense and G. areo-
lata.
146. GASTROPHRYNE TEXENSE Girard. Texas Narrow-
mouthed Toad.
East-Central, Central and Southern Texas. Orig-
inally described from Rio Seco by Girard, this spe-
cies was not recognized by herpetologists until re-
described from Brownsville and San Diego by Miss
Dickerson, nearly sixty years later. I have collected
specimens at Calvert, Waco, Laguna, Houston, Aus-
tin, Texas City and Refugio, and have received it
from Victoria from Mr. Mitchell and from San An-
tonio from Mr. Garni.
147. GASTROPHRYNE AREOLATA Strecker. Mitchell’s Nar-
row-mouthed Toad.
Southeastern Texas. Known only from Victoria
and Calhoun counties.
148. HYPOPACHUS CUNEUS Cope. Taylor’s Toad.
Extreme Southern Texas from San Diego to
Brownsville.
CYSTIGNATHIDAt
149. LITHODYTES LATRANS Cope. Robber Frog: Barking
Frog.
Central and Southwestern Texas. Recorded only
from Helotes and Waco. This and the following spe-
cies inhabit rocky places and go into the water only
to breed.
48 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
150. SYRRHOPUS MARNOCHII Cope. Marnock’s Frog.
Known only from the type locality, Helotes, Bexar
County, Texas.
HYLIDA
151. CHOROPHILUS ORNATUS Holbrook. Ornate Chorus
Frog.
This handsome little frog is by no means common
in collections. It is recorded from Helotes and Dal-
las by Cope. Mr. Garni sent me several from Boerne,
Kendall County, and I have collected three specimens
in the vicinity of Waco. The following notes by Mr.
Garni will be of interest: “I caught several in a
temporary pool along the railroad tracks. These lit-
tle fellows are pretty hard to get, for, on the least
noise, they stop their chorus, and on coming to the
pool there is no trace of them. I noticed that by ap-
proaching cautiously and then rushing to the water,
on the side they happen to be, enables one to discover
them. Being so suddenly surprised, they can be seen
swimming to the bottom for a hiding-place. Judging
by the loud chorus these frogs made at night, they
must be pretty numerous here. They were heard
throughout the winter, especially after rains.”
152. CHOROPHILUS OCCIDENTALIS Baird and Girard. West-
ern Chorus Frog.
Cope reports this species from Dallas and the Up-
per Wichita River. I have no specimens from Texas.
153. CHOROPHILUS TRISERIATUS Wied. Striped Tree Frog.
This little frog is distributed over the greater por-
tion of Texas. Extreme localities from which speci-
mens are reported are Clarendon, Fort Concho,
Helotes and Refugio. Baird’s types of Holocoetes
clarkii were from Indianola. In East-Central Texas,
during the breeding season, this species fairly
swarms in the roadside ditches and in shallow pools.
on the grassy flats.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 49
154. ACRIS GRYLLUS CREPITANS Baird. Western Cricket
Frog.
This tiny frog is distributed all over the State -
wherever there are lakes, ponds, springs or streams.
I have found it even in the heart of well populated
cities in little pools formed by rains. While allied to
the true tree frogs, this species never climbs trees.
but lives among water plants and in the vegetation
along shore. When alarmed it retreats to the water
after the manner of a true water frog.
155. HYLA SQUIRELLA Bosc. Southern Tree Frog.
Reported from Hitchcock by Miss Dickerson. I
have specimens from Cleveland, Houston, Victoria
and San Antonio. Principally confined to the East
Texas timber belt.
156. HYLA CINEREA Daudin. Green Tree Frog.
Eastern and Central Texas, south to San Antonio
and Refugio. Hallowell’s types of Hyla semifasciata
were from Indianola. This beautiful tree frog,
sometimes called the “bell frog’? on account of its
bell-like notes, is said to be common among lily pads
in the swamps and lagoons. The most of my speci-
mens were captured while hanging from the ends of
small branches in the vicinity of springs. In the
fall, after the first few cold days, I have often found
specimens under logs lying along the borders of la-
goons, in localities much frequented by terrestrial
salamanders.
157. HYLA VERSICOLOR Le Conte. Chameleon Tree Frog.
I have examined typical specimens of Hyla versi-
color from a number of localities in the East Texas
timber belt and the coast prairie country. All of
these have the dorsal integument covered with small
tubercles. Cope records this tree frog from Gaines-
ville and New Braunfels. Mr. Brimley has received
it from San Antonio and Mr. Mitchell has sent it to
me from Victoria. My localities are Cleveland, Ty-
ler, Nacogdoches, Athens and Refugio.
50 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
158. HYLA VERSICOLOR CHRYSOSCELIS Cope. Cope’s Chame-
leon Tree Frog.
Cope described this smooth-skinned tree frog as a
variety of Hyla femoralis Latr., the type coming
from Dallas. Dr. Stejneger later referred to it as a
variety of versicolor. Waco specimens fit Cope’s de-
scription of his subspecies in every detail, and if the
specimens are really the same, I cannot understand
how he could confuse it with femoralis, which is a
much smaller animal, lacks the white spot under the
eye, has the upper lip unicolor and has three phal-
anges of the fourth toe free. Hyla femoralis may
inhabit the pine belt of East Texas, but I have never
been able to procure any specimens froni there. Hyla
chrysoscelis is rather common in East-Central Texas,
but it would be impossible at the present time to at-
tempt to outline its State range. It also occurs in
Arkansas.
159. HYLA ARENICOLOR Cope. Arizona Tree Frog.
Recorded from Del Rio by Witmer Stone. Cope
states that the Hyla copii described by Boulenger
from El Paso is the same species. I have frequently
heard the voice of a Hyla, which I am satisfied must
have belonged to this species, in the canyons of West
Texas, both in the Panhandle and trans-Pecos re-
gions.
160. nee BAUDINII Dumeril and Bibron. Mexican Tree
rog.
Southern Texas, north to Refugio and Bexar Coun-
ties. The type of Baird’s Hyla vanvlietti was col-
lected at Brownsville. Specimens from the northern
part of its range are of two types, one with the prom-
inent black patch of color over the arm insertion, the
other lacking it. In both types, the dorsal coloration
is the same.
BUFONIDA&
161. BUFO PUNCTATUS Baird and Girard. Spotted Toad.
Western half of Texas, east, locally, to Dallas,
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 51
Waco and San Antonio. I can find no records for the
Panhandle, although it may range northward into
that section. This toad is an inhabitant of damp,
rocky gulches. At Glen Rose, in April, I found many
specimens under large flat stones which were lying
in the bed of a small, rock-bound creek. In a small
gully several miles north of Waco, I captured fifteen
specimens one rainy night between 8 and 10 o’clock.
They were preparing to enter the water to breed,
and the most of them were found in pairs. The few
single individuals were males. These were hopping
along the edges of the small pools, occasionally stop-
ping and giving vent to loud cries. They breed in
the pools of water which form in large pockets in
the rocks, and the development of the tadpole is very
rapid.
162. BUFO DEBILIS Girard. Little Green Toad.
163.
This little toad has a rather peculiar distribution.
It is said by Cope to be abundant in the Panhandle
district, but I can find no records for the southern
plains or trans-Pecos counties. In Middle Texas it
ranges east to Waco, but does not appear to extend
much further north. It is found all over Southern
Texas from Brownsville west to the mouth of the
Pecos River and north abundantly to Refugio, Bee,
Bexar and Comal Counties. It is also common in the
granite country. In the vicinity of Waco, this is a
species of the open, grassy flats. It breeds abun-
dantly in April and May in rain-formed pools and
ditches.
BUFO COMPACTILIS Wiegmann. Spadefoot Toad.
This species is found all over Southern Texas,
ranging west to the Pecos River. I have found it
near Burnet and it is abundant at Waco. As it has
been recorded from Kansas, in all probability it
ranges through the entire middle district of Texas
west of the timber belt and east of the plains. Cope
records it from the Wichita River, but I did not find
52 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
it in the Panhandle. On account of its peculiar hab-
its, it is a toad that is little known in localities where
it occurs in abundance. It is partial to damp
weather and on rainy nights fairly swarms around
electric lights in the towns and cities. During the
breeding season, the male has a loud ringing cry,
very different from that of other toads of this genus.
This species breeds in temporary pools, and, as in
the case of Bufo punctatus, the tadpole goes through
all its stages in a very short period of time.
164. BUFO COGNATUS Say. Say’s Toad: Plains Toad.
Staked Plains region, from the northern boundary
of the Panhandle south to the Pecos River. Also
occurs in the western portion of the trans-Pecos re-
gion. My specimens are from El Paso; Hale Center,
Hale County; Stratford, Sherman County; Post
City, Garza County, and Claude and Goodnight, Arm-
strong County. In Cope’s report on the reptiles and
amphibians of Northwestern Texas, it is stated that
this toad is common around the head of the Brazos
River, but not common south of Tule Canyon. In the
town of Goodnight, during a shower, I caught many
of these toads early in the afternoon. The following
night we captured nearly twenty-five specimens and
could have collected a hundred more.
165. BUFO VALLICEPS Wiegmann. Nebulous Toad.
Eastern section of the State, west to the western
border of the grand prairie and granite country,
south to the Rio Grande River. Usually abundant
wherever found. The natural habitat of this species,
in Central Texas, is along the borders of creeks with
rocky banks. Here they inhabit fissures and caves
among the rocks. Occasional specimens are found
around electric street lamps in towns, but only after
they have been driven from their normal haunts by
heavy rains. In the region northeast of Houston, I
have captured specimens along the edges of pine
forests.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 53
166. BUFO LENTIGINOSUS AMERICANUS Le Conte. American
Toad.
Eastern Texas, limits of range not known at the
present time. In the middle section grades into the
larger, darker and shorter-headed woodhousi. I
have captured typical examples of americanus at
Austin, Burnet, Dallas, Fort Worth, Glen Rose, Mor-
gan, Mineola, Tyler, Refugio, Taylor, Palacios,
Gatesville, San Antonio, Houston, Cleveland, Marlin,
Calvert, Bryan and Waco. Mr. Mitchell records it
from Victoria. Miss Dickerson’s specimen of wood-
housii illustrated in the “Frog Book,” is either an
unusually large, dark specimen of americanus or an
intermediate form between the two.
“167. BUFO LENTIGINOSUS WOODHOUSII Baird and Girard.
Woodhouse’s Toad.
Woodhousii is a toad of the mountains and can-
yons, and it is not likely that typical specimens will
be found to occur in any but the extreme western
portion of the State. Cope records it from Claren-
don under the name of Bufo lentiginosus, variety.
Mr. C. M. Barber sent me several from El Paso and
I have a number of others which I personally col-
lected in the mountainous districts in Brewster and
Jeff Davis Counties.
PELOBATIDA
168. SCAPHIOPUS HURTERII Strecker. Hurter’s Solitary
Spadefoot.
Known only from Waco, the type locality, and Re-
fugio. If this, as has been suggested, is merely a
form of holbrookii, it is certainly distinct enough to
entitle it to a sub-specific name. It is one of the
rarest of Texas amphibians.
169. SCAPHIOPUS COUCHII Baird and Girard. Couch’s
Spadefoot.
Southern Texas, west along the Rio Grande Val-
54 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
ley to El Paso, north in the east-central district to
Erath and Somervell counties. While this animal is
common in the latter district, it evidently does not
range east of the valley of the Brazos River. In
Southern Texas, it is one of the most abundant of
the toad-like amphibians and during the rainy season
fairly swarms in the pools and ditches.
170. SCAPHIOPUS HAMMONDII Baird. Western Spadefoot.
Western Texas. I have specimens from El] Paso
that were collected by Townsend and Barber. Prof.
Cope records it from Helotes.
171. SCAPHIOPUS HAMMONDII BOMBIFRONS Cope. Plains
Spadefoot. .
Panhandle and southern plains regions, abundant.
Cope records it from “Llano Estecado,” Clarendon
and Tule Canyon. My specimens are from various
localities in Armstrong County.
CAUDATA
PLEURODELIDA®
172. DIEMYCTYLUS VIRIDESCENS VIRIDESCENS Rafinesque.
American Newt.
Cope records a specimen of the form miniatus
from the Brazos River, Texas. Mr. J. D. Mitchell
includes it in his manuscript list of the reptiles and
amphibians of Victoria County. In the introduction
to this list it is stated that the naturalists at the Na-
tional Museum are responsible for the identifications.
This record may be based on the land form of meri
dionalis.
173. DIEMYCTYLUS VIRIDESCENS MERIDIONALIS Cope. Texas
Newt.
This subspecies inhabits principally the southern
and southeastern sections of the State. North into
East Central Texas, it ranges to Falls and McLen-
nan Counties. In the lagoons and bayous of the Big
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 55
Thicket and adjacent region, it probably grades into
viridescens, but Southern Texas specimens are quite
different from the typical form of that subspecies.
The great majority of specimens from Houston and
Laguna Lake are very near viridescens.
PLETHODONTIDA
174. PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS Green. Slimy Salamander.
Eastern, Central and Southeastern Texas. Prob-
ably common in some sections, but at present known
only to inhabit a few scattered localities. Cope re-
cords it from Helotes and New Braunfels. I have
collected several in McLennan County and two near
Cleveland, Liberty County.
AMBYSTOMIDA®
175. AMBYSTOMA OPACUM Gravenhorst. Marbled Salaman-
der.
The northern and eastern sections. One example
collected near Hewitt, McLennan County, is the only
Texas example that has ever passed through my
hands. Mr. Julius Hurter collected two at Paris,
and Cope records it from the Wichita River. It is
probably a common species in the bayou country
from northeast of Houston to the Louisiana boun-
dary, but I have never been able to visit that section
during salamander season.
176. AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM Shaw. Spotted Salamander.
Cope records a specimen in the National collection
from ‘‘between Indianola and El Paso.” The same
collection contains specimens from Fort Towson, Ok-
lahoma, only a few miles across the Red River from
Texas. This salamander is probably more or less
common in Northeastern Texas, but I am very doubt-
ful of the “Indianola to El Paso” specimen having
56 THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
ever been collected in either the southern or western
sections of the State—perhaps this is another case
of transposed labels.
177. AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM Green. Tiger Salamander.
Western Texas from the northern boundary of the
Panhandle south to the Rio Grande River, east across
the Callahan Divide and Edwards Plateau to the
granite country. Eastern limits of State range not
yet known. Baird’s types of Ambystoma prosperina
were from the sources of the Salado River. Cope’s
localities are Big Springs, Canyon Blanco, El Paso,
Tule Canyon and San Elizario, the specimen from
the last-named locality being recorded .under the
name of Ambystoma tigrinum californiense Gray.
The Baylor University specimens are from Garza,
Armstrong, Burnet, Lampasas and Pecos Counties.
The finest specimens of the larval form in the collec-
tion were obtained near Barstow, Pecos County, by
Mr. A. L. Gooch.
178. AMBYSTOMA MICROSTOMUM Cope. Small-mouthed Sal-
amander.
This is the common salamander of the eastern half
of Texas. Cope records it from Dallas and Mr. Hur-
ter writes me that he obtained it at Paris. The her-
petological collection of the Baylor Museum contains
specimens from Burnet, Houston, Laguna, Refugio,
Victoria, Waco, Bryan, Calvert and Cleveland.
179. AMBYSTOMA TEXANUM Matthes. Texan Salamander.
Known only from San Antonio and Waco.
PROTEIDA&
180. TYPHLOMOLGE RATHBUNI Stejneger. Texas Blind Sal-
amander.
Known only from the type locality, San Marcos,
Hays County. None have been recorded since the
original type lot were expelled in the water from
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 57
an artesian well in 1896. Like the Proteus of Europe,
this species has a very limited range. Its strangest
peculiarity is the difference in the length of the limbs,
no two in the same specimen being exactly the same.
Dr. Stejneger suggests that the limbs are principally
used as feelers when the animal works its way along
{he edges of the rocky walls of underground lakes.
SIRENIDA.
181. SIREN LACERTINA Linn. Great Siren: Mud Eel.
The few scattered Texan localities from which this
species has been recorded indicate that its range
covers the entire eastern half of the State west even
beyond the 100th Meridian. Cope’s localities are San
Diego, Duval County, and Upson, Maverick County.
Mr. Mitchell reports it from Victoria and Calhoun
Counties. According to the Dallas News, it has been
captured in West Dallas (specimen figured). I have
personal information of its occurrence at Athens,
Henderson County, in the Trinity River bottoms
near Fort Worth, at Kaufman, Cleveland and in Re-
fugio County, in all of which localities specimens
have been obtained either by me or others. It is
found in many of the forest-enclosed lakes of East-
ern Texas and is known to the natives as the “lam-
prey eel” and by them deemed to be very poisonous.
Some of these natives have described a four-limbed
“lamprey” or “lampern,” which may possibly be
Amphiuma means Garden, which is extremely likely
to range into this section of Texas.
HYPOTHETICAL LIST.
1. CHRYSEMYS ORNATA Gray. Ornate Terrapin.
A Mexican and Central American species included
58
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
in the Brown list, on the strength, so the author
wrote me, of one of Cope’s references (“from San
Diego, Duval County.” Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 397.)
I have not seen the article, but am satisfied that a
mistake has been made somewhere. In Cope’s “Ba-
trachians and Reptiles of Central America and
Mexico” (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 32) Chrysemys
ornata is recorded from the following Jocalities:
Presidio (Forrer), Mazatlan (Forrer, Colley), Costa
Rica and Panama. As specimens sent to the British
Museum from San Diego are likely to have been col-
lected in almost any other locality, I am not always
surprised at some of the species that are supposed to
have come from there. ;
2. SCELOPORUS JARROVII Cope. Yarrow’s Lizard.
Recorded from Duval County by Dr. Boulenger
(Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897). A common species
in Arizona and the State of Sonora, Mexico, but not
likely to occur in the locality mentioned. This rec-
ord, unless the locality label is incorrect, may be
based on a melanistic specimen of Sceloporus torqua-
tus poinsettii. It is hardly probable that three such
closely related forms as ornatus, jarrovii and poin-
setti should occur in the same locality.
HELODERMA SUSPECTUM Cope. Gila Monster: Beaded
Lizard.
Cope, in the Report of the U. S. National Museum
for 1898, page 483, lists a specimen of the poison
lizard from Fort McDowell, Texas. If this species
really occurs in Western Texas, it seems strange that
no specimens have been obtained there in recent
years by the different parties of zoological collectors
that have traversed that region. I carefully searched
several localities where Gila monsters were supposed
to be found, but without success. At Elephant Mesa,
Brewster County, we saw many, large specimens of
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 59
Crotaphytus collaris baileyi, and I am inclined to be-
lieve that some of my informants believed these to
be what I was after. The United States Biological
Survey party failed to find Gila monsters in any of
the trans-Pecos counties, as did also Messrs. Stone
and Rehn in El Paso County, and the collectors for
the Zoological Society of Philadelphia in the region
south of Pecos. . .7.c82 0s 13
Tailed Amphibians: 2) 32.4584. 3
(20) Baird, Spencer F.
Reptiles.
Pacific Railroad Surveys. General Report on
Zoology, 1859, Vol. X., p. 11. XXIV.-XXXVI. (no
text).
Twenty-five species are figured from Texan ex-
amples.
(21) Hallowell, Edward.
Report on Reptiles collected on the Surwy. No. 2.
Pacific Railroad Surveys. General Report on
Zoology. 1859, Vol. X., pp. 23-24.
Figures Crotalus ornatus Hallow (—C~otalus mo-
lossus B. and G.) from Texas.
(22) Baird, Spencer F.
Report on the Reptiles of the Route. No. 4.
Pacific Railroad Surveys. General Report on
Zoology. 1859, Vol. X., pp. 37-45.
Records 14 species of reptiles and 4 of amphibians
from various localities in Texas.
(23) Cope, Edward D.
Catalogue of Colubride in the Museum of the
A. N. S. of Phila. 1 Calamarine.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 74-79.
Tantilla hallowellii Cope, n. s.
(=—Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard.)
68
1860.
1860.
1861.
1867.
1875.
1875.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
(24) Cope, Edward D.
Catalogue of the Colubridz in the Museum of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia with
notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 241-266.
(25) Kennicott, Robert.
Descriptions of New Species of North American
Serpents in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, Washington.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 328-338.
Diadophis texensis Kenn, n. s.
(=—Diadophis amabilis Baird and Girard.)
Tantilla nigriceps Kenn, n. s. )
(26) Kennicott, Robert.
On three new forms of Rattlesnakes.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, pp. 206-208.
Caudisona lepida Kenn, n, s,
(=Crotalus lepidus Kenn.)
(27) Cope, Edward D.
A Review of the Species of the Amblystomidae.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, pp. 167-211.
Salamandra texana Matthes.
(=Ambystoma texanum Matthes), Redescribed.
(28) Yarrow, Henry C.
Report on a Collection of Batrachians and Reptiles
made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colo-
rado, New Mexico and Arizona.
U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Me-
ridian. Vol 5 (Zoology), 1875, pp. 509-584.
Refers to certain species as ranging into Texas.
(29) Coues, Elliott.
Synopsis of the Reptiles and Batrachians of Ari-
zona.
U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Me-
ridian. Vo!. 5 (Zoology), pp. 585-633.
Contains a few references to Texas reptiles.
1875
1878.
1878.
1878.
1880.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 69
(30) Cope, Edward D.
Check-List of North American Reptilia and Ba-
trachia.
Bull. U. S. Nat’l. Museum, 1875, No. 1, pp. 1-104.
(31) Coues, Elliott and Henry C. Yarrow.
Notes on the Herpetology of Dakota and Montana.
Bull. U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories.
1878, Art. XI., pp. 259-291.
Refers to Texas reptiles.
(382) Cope, Edward D.
A Texan Cliff Frog.
American Naturalist, 1878, XII., p. 186.
An account of the habits of Lithodytes latrans
Cope, fully described in Bull. U. S. Nat’l. Mus., No.
17, page 25 (1880).
(33) Cope, Edward D.
A new Genus of Cystignathidae from Texas.
American Naturalist, 1878, XII., pp. 252-258.
Syrrhopus marnockii Cope, n. s. Only a few
words of description.
(34) Cope, Edward D.
On the Zoological Position of Texas.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1880, No. 17, pp. 1-51.
Records 64 species and subspecies of reptiles and
17 of amphibians from the State.
Geocoding. ica come ak seus oi 1
RSG PEN gs, Skea Ss eV EORN ye Sct f§
PESZALOSe 6 o re eoiere ek AE mL
DOEDEHES.. Sor wees he Se eek abs 35
‘Fonds and: Frogs. 6056.02 6 Ss a eae 13
DRIMINANGEHE ioc ts ceva wo Reertcous 4
Total number of species...... 81
New species and varieties described:
70
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
Holbrookia lacerata Cope, n. s.
(—Holbrookia maculata lacerata Cope.)
Eumeces brevilineatus Cope, n. s.
Eumeces pachyurus Cope, n. s.
Opheosaurus ventralis sulcatus Cope, new variety.
Kutaenia cyrtopsis ocellata Cope, new variety.
(—Futaenia eques Reuss.)
Contia episcopa torquatus Cope, new variety.
(—Contia episcopa isozona Cope.)
Hyla femoralis var. chrysoscelis Cope, new variety.
(—Hyla versicolor chrysoscelis Cope.)
Lithodytes latrans Cope.
Syrrhopus marnockii Cope.
First noticed in the American Naturalist, XII., pp.
186 and 252, but here fully described.
Diemyctylus viridescens meridionalis Cope, new
subspecies.
Coluber bairdi Yarrow, Nn. s.
The turtle recorded as Cinosternum pennsylvani-
cum, Boe. is not that species, but the one afterward
described by Baur as C. louisianae. Uta sym-
metrica Baird= U. ornata B. and G. Sceloporus
scalaris Wiegmann should be S. variabilis Wiegmann.
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Linn. here includes C.
gularis B. and G. Chorophilus ocularis Daudin
should be C. ornatus Holbrook. The “Hyla femora-
lis” is not that species, but a variety of Hyla versi-
color LeConte. Scaphiopus varius Cope is a Synonym
of Scaphiopus couchii B. and G.
1881. (35) True, Frederick W.
The North American Land Tortoises of the Gea
Xerobates.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat’l. Museum, 1881, pp. 434-449.
1882. (86) Yarrow, Henry C.
Check-List of North American Reptilia and Ba-
trachia.
Bull. U. S. Nall. Museum, 1882, No. 24, pp. 1-249.
1883.
1884.
1886.
1887.
1887.
1887.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 71
Lists specimens from Texas in the National Mu-
seum Collection.
(37) Garman, Samuel.
The Reptiles and Batrachians of North America.
Memoirs Mus. Comp. Zool., 1883, VIII., No. 3
(Serpents).
Virginia inornata Garman, Nn. c.
(=Amphiardis inornatus Garman.)
Stenostoma rubellum, Garman, Nn. s.
(=Glauconia dulcis B. and G.)
(38) Cragin, F. W.
Notes on some Southwestern Reptiles in the Cabi-
net of Washburn College.
Trans. Kan. Acad. Science, 1884, pp. 6-8.
(89) Cope, Edward D.
Synonymic List of the North American Species of
Bufo and Rana, with descriptions of some new spe-
cies of Batrachia, from specimens in the National
Museum.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Oct., p. 515 (1886).
(40) Garman, Samuel.
Reptiles and Batrachians from Texas and Mexico.
Bull. Essex. Inst., 1887, XIX.
(41) Boulenger, G. A.
Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum.
London, 1887, Part III.
(42) Boulenger, G. A.
Descriptions of New Reptiles and Batrachians in
the British Museum. Part III.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London,
1887, XX., pp. 50-53.
Anniella texana Boulenger, n.s. Based on a speci-
men said to be from El Paso, but the locality is prob-
ably incorrect.
Hyla copii Boulenger, n. s.
(—Hyla arenicolor Cope.)
72
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
1888.
1888.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1891.
(48) Cope, Edward D.
Catalogue of Batrachia and Reptilia brought by
William Taylor from San Diego, Texas.
Proc. U. S. Nat’l. Mus., 1888, XI., pp. 395-398.
Lysoptychus lateralis Cope, n. s.
(=-Sceloporus couchi Baird.)
Hypopachus cuneus Cope, n. s.
(44) Cope, Edward D.
On a New Species of Bufo from Texas.
Proc. U. S. National Museum, 1888, XI.
Bufo aduncus, Cope, n. s.
(=Bufo sp. ?. Type lost.)
(45) Boulenger, G. A.
On a rare American Newt, Molge meridionalis
Cope.
Ann. of Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 1, Jan., 1888, p. 24.
(46) Cope, Edward D.
The Batrachia of North American.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1889, No. 34.
This valuable work contains many Texas locality
records, including lists of all batrachians in the Na-
tional collection up to the time of its publication.
(47) Stejneger, Leonhard.
Annotated List of Reptiles and Batrachians col-
lected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey
on the San Francisco Mountain Plateau and Desert
of the Little Colorado, Arizona, with Descriptions
of New Species.
North American Fauna, No. 3, 1890, pp. 103-118.
References to Texan forms of Holbrookia, etc.
(48) Steineger, Leonhard.
Notes on Sceloporus variabilis and its geographical
distribution in the United States.
Proc. U.S. Nat’l. Museum, 1891, XIV., pp. 485-488.
(49) Stejneger, Leonhard.
Notes on some North American Snakes.
1892.
1892.
1892.
1893.
1893.
1893.
1893.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 73
Proc. U. S. Nat’l. Museum, 1891, XIV., pp. 50-505.
Notes on specimens from Brownsville and other
localities.
(50) Garman, Samuel.
On Texan Reptiles Collected by F. W. Wamsley.
Bull. Essex Inst., 1892, XXIV., pp. 1-12.
Notes on specimens collected in Matagorda County.
(51) Cope, Edward D.
The Batrachia and Reptiles of Northwestern
Texas:
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1892, pp. 331-33.
Based on a collection made between Big Springs
(Texas Pacific Railroad) and Clarendon.
(52) Cope, Edward D.
A synopsis of the Teid Genus Cnemidophorus.
Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 1892, XVII., pp. 27-52.
Cnemidophorus gularis sericeus Cope. n. subsp.
(53) Cope, Edward D.
On the Batrachia and Reptilia of the Plains at
Lat. 36 degrees, 30 minutes.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1893, pp. 386-388.
(54) Boulenger, G. A.
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum.
London, 18938, Part 1.
(55) Baur, George.
Notes on the Classification and Taxonomy of the
Testudinata.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1833, pp. 210-225.
III. The Genera of the Trionychidae, pp. 213-7221.
IV. The Species of the Genus Pseudemys, pp. 221-
2254
Pseudemys texana Baur, n. Ss.
'(56.) Stejneger, Leonhard.
An Annotated list of the Reptiles and Batrachians
Collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891,
with Descriptions of New Species.
74
1893
1894.
1894
1894.
1895.
1896.
1896.
1897.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
North American Fauna, 1893, No. 7, pp. 159-228.
Coleonyx brevis Stejneger, n. s.
Hypsiglena texana Stejneger, n. s.
(57.) Stejneger, Leonhard.
The Poisonous Snakes of North America.
Report U. 8S. National Museum, 1893, pp. 337-487.
(58) Boulenger, G. A.
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum.
Part II, London (1894).
(59) Cragin, F. W.
Herpetological notes from Kansas and Texas.
Colorado College Studies (Science Series) No. 17,
1894, pp. 37-39.
(60) Taylor, W. Edgar.
The Box Tortoises of North America.
Proc. U. 8S. Nat’] Museum, 1894, XVII., pp. 573-88.
(61) Cope, Edward D.
On some new North American Snakes.
American Naturalist, 1895, XXIX., pp. 676-681.
Zamenis steynegerarius Cope, n. s.
(—Zamenis constrictor flaviventris Say.)
(62) Boulenger, G. A.
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum.
Part III., London, 1896.
(63) Stejneger, Leonhard.
Description of a New Genus and Species of Blind
Tailed Batrachians from the Subterranean Waters of
Texas.
Proc. U. 8S. National Museum, 1896, XVIII., No.
1088, three pages.
Typhlomolge rathbuni Stejneger, n. s.
(64) Boulenger, G. A.
A Revision of the Lizards of the Genus Sceloporus.
Proc. Zool. So., Lond., 1897, pp., 474-422. Records
specimens of Sceloporus ornatus and S. jarrovii from
1897.
1898.
1898.
1898.
1899.
1901.
1901.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 75
Duval County, Texas. There is considerable doubt
as to the occurrence of jarrovii in any part of the
State of Texas.
(65) Van Denburgh, John.
The Reptiles of the Pacific Coast and Great Basin.
Occasional Papers, Calif. Acad. Sci., 1897, V., pp.
1-236.
(66) Cope, Edward D.
The Crocodilians, Lizards and Snakes of North
America.
Report U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, pp. 153-1270.
Contains a catalogue of the North American
snakes and lizards in the National Collection.
(67) Strecker, John K.
The Harlequin Snake.
Popular Science News, 1898, XXXII., 10, p. 287.
(68) Stejneger, Leonhard.
Blind Cave Salamanders.
Popular Science News, 1899 (June), pp. 121-122.
Photographic illustrations of Typhlomolge rath-
buni Stejneger, from San Marcos, Texas.
(69) McLain, Robert B.
Notes on a Collection of Reptiles made by Mr. C. J.
Pierson at Fort Smith, Arkansas, with Remarks on
Other Eastern Reptiles. Wheeling, W. Va., 1899, pp.
1-5. Published by the Author.
Refers to Texas specimens in the Museum of the
Stanford University.
(70) Brown, Arthur E.
A Review of the Genera and Species of Snakes
north of Mexico.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901 (Jan.), pp. 9-110.
(71) Brown, Arthur E.
A New Species of Coluber from Texas.
76
1901.
1901.
1901.
1902.
1902.
1903.
1903.
1903.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1901, 4 pages. (Au-
thor’s separate. )
Coluber subocularis A. EK. Brown, n. s.
(72) Brown, Arthur E.
A New Species of Ophibolus from Texas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1901 (December), pp.
612-613.
Ophibolus alternus A. E. Brown, n. s.
(73) Strecker, John K.
A Preliminary Report on the Reptiles and Batrach-
ians of McLennan County, Texas.
Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci., 1901, IV (2), No: 5. pp. 1-7.
(74) Stejneger, Leonhard.
A New Lizard from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas.
Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1901, XVII., pp. 19-22.
Sceloporus merriamii Stejneger, n. s.
(75) Mitchell, J. D.
The Poisonous Snakes of Texas.
Trans. Tex. Acad. Sci., 1902, pp. 21-48.
(76) Strecker, John K.
The Texan Rock Lizard.
Popular Science News, 1902, XXXVI., 9, 218.
Habits of Holbrookia texana Troschel.
(77) Brimley, Clement S.
Notes on Reproduction of Certain Reptiles.
American Naturalist, 1903, XXXVII., pp. 261-266.
Refers to Cinosternum flavescens Agass. and other
Texas species.
(78) Stone, Witmer, and J. A. G. Rehn.
On the terrestrial Vertebrates of Portions of
Southern New Mexico and Western Texas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., 1903 (Jan.), pp. 16-34.
(79) Brown, Arthur E.
The Variations of Eutaenia in the Pacific Sub-
region.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 17
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1903 (March), pp.
286-297.
1903. (80) Stone, Witmer.
A Collection of Reptiles and Batrachians from
Arkansas, Indian Territory and Texas.
Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903 (August), pp.
538-542.
1908. (81) Brown, Arthur E.
1903.
1993.
Texas Reptiles and Their Faunal Relations. The
Reptiles of Pecos.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1903 (August), pp.
543-558.
This paper contains a list of 48 species of reptiles
“from Pecos.” Bailey, in his Report on the Biologi-
cal Survey of Texas, calls attention to the fact that
many of these were from the Davis Mountains 50
miles south of Pecos. Brown also lists 116 species
of Texas reptiles arranged according to their zonal
distribution. Of these, Chrysemys ornata Gray,
Sceloporus jarrovii Cope, Heloderma suspectum
Cope and Gerrhonotus imbricatus Wiegmann, are
probably not Texas animals. Macrochelys lacertina
Schweigger, Chedydra serpentina Linn and Eutaenia
radix B. and G. are mentioned in a foot-note as prob-
ably occurring in Texas, but are omitted from the
regular list on account of the author’s inability to
find specific locality records for them.
(82) Hurter, Julius.
Second Contribution to the Herpetology of Mis-
souri.
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis, 1903, pp. 77-86.
Refers to Texas specimens of Coluber spiloides
D. and B. and Chrysemys texana Baur.
(83) Stejneger, Leonhard.
The Reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
Proc. U. §. National Museum, 1903, XXI, pp. 149-158.
78
1903.
1904.
1904.
1904.
1905.
1905.
1906.
1906.
1906.
THE BAYLOR 3BULLET:N
Refers to Texas specimens of Salvadora grahamiae
B. and G. and Lampropeltis splendidus B. and G.
(84) Brown, Arthur E.
Note on Crotalus scutulatus Kennicott.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 625.
Notice of a specimen from Pecos, Texas.
(85) Brown, Arthur E.
Post-Glacial Nearctic Centers of Dispersal of Rep-
tiles.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, pp. 463-474.
(86) Hay, William P.
A Revision of Malaclemmys.
Bull. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, 1904, XXIV., pp. 1-20.
Malaclemmys littoralis W. P. Hay, n. s.
(87) Branson, Edward.
The Snakes of Kansas.
Kan. Univ. Sci. Bull., 1904 (June), No. 13.
(88) Bailey, Vernon.
Report on the Biological Survey Collection of Liz-
ards and Snakes from Texas.
North American Fauna, No. 25, 1905, pp. 38-51.
(89) Menger, R.
Original Observations and Photographic Illustra-
tions, on Reptiles and Insects of Texas.
Bull. Sci. Soc. of San Antonio, 1905, 1, 1, pp. 11-31.
(90) Hartman, F. A.
Food Habits of Kansas Lizards and Batrachians.
Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., 1906, pp. 225-229.
(91) Brimley, Clement S.
The Box Tortoises of Southeastern North America.
Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 1906, XX., I.
(92). Coker, KR. E.
The Cultivation of the Diamond-back Terrapin.
N. C. Geol. Surv., Bull. 14, Raleigh, 1906.
1906
1907
1907.
1907.
1907.
1907.
1907.
1908.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBINS OF TEXAS 79
(93) Dickerson, Mary C.
The Frog Book. New York, Doubleday, 1906, pp.
1-253. Plates.
(94) Brimley, Clement S.
Notes on Some Turtles of the Genus Pseudemys.
Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 1907 (June), pp.
75-84.
(95) Ditmars, Raymond L.
The Reptile Book. New York, Doubleday, 1907,
pp. 1-472. Plates.
(96) Mearns, Edgar A.
Mammals of the Mexican Boundary of the United
States.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1907, No. 56.
Contains several faunal lists of Texas reptiles.
(97) Ruthven, Alexander G.
A Collection of Reptiles and Amphibians from
Southern New Mexico and Arizona.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1907, XXIII., Art. 23,
pp. 483-604.
(98) Siebenrock, F.
Die Schildkroten Familie Cinosternidae.
Sitzungberichten der Kaiser] Akademie der Wiss-
enchaften in Wien: Mathem-Naturw. Klasse, Bd.
CXVi5. abt.-b, Marz, 1907.
(99) Siebenrock, F.
Synopsis der rezenten Schildkroten, ete.
Zoologischen Jahrbuchern: Supplement 10, Helt
3, Herausgegeben von. Prof. Dr. J. W. Spengel in
Gressen.
(100) Brown, Arthur E.
Generic Types of Nearctic Reptilia and Amphibia.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908 (April), pp.
112-127.
80
1908.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1908.
1909.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
(101) Ruthven, Alexander G.
The Faunal Affinities of the Prairie Region of Cen-
tral North America.
Am. Naturalist, 1908, XLII., pp. 388-393.
(102) Hay, Oliver P.
On Three Existing Species of Sea Turtles, one of
them (Caretta remivaga) new.
Proc. U.S. Nat’l. Mus., 1908, XXXIV., pp. 183-198.
(103) Ruthven, Alexander G.
Variations and Genetic Relationships of the Gar-
ter Snakes.
Bull. U. S. Nat’l. Mus., No. 61, 1908, pp. 1-201.
(104) Strecker, John K.
The Reptiles and Batrachians of Victoria and Re-
fugio Counties, Texas.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1908, XXI., pp. 47-52.
(105) Strecker, John K.
A Preliminary Annotated List of the Batrachia of
Texas.
Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1908, XXI., pp. 53-62.
(106) Strecker, John K.
The Reptiles and Batrachians of McLennan County,
Texas.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ,1908, XXI., pp. 69-84.
(107) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Breeding Habits of Phrynosoma cor-
nutum and other Texas Lizards.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1908, XXI., pp. 165,170.
(108) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Life History of Scaphiopus couchii
Baird.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1908, XXI., pp. 199-206.
(109) Hurter, Julius, and John K. Strecker.
The Amphibians and Reptiles of Arkansas.
1909.
1909.
1909.
1909.
1910.
1910.
1910.
REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF TEXAS 81
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis, 1909, XVIII., 2, pp.
11-27.
(110) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Herpetology of Burnet County, Texas.
Baylor Univ. Bull., 1909, XII., 1, pp. 1-9.
(111) Strecker, John K.
Reptiles and Amphibians Collected in Brewster
County, Texas.
Baylor Univ. Bull., 1909, XII., 1, pp. 11-15.
(112) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Texan Salamander (Ambystoma tez-
anum Mathes).
Baylor Univ. Bull., 1909, XII., 1, pp. 17-20.
(113) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Narrow-mouthed Toads (Engystoma)
and the Description of a New Species from South-
eastern Texas.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1909, XXII., 1, pp. 115-120.
Engystoma areolata Strecker, n. s.
(114) Strecker, John K.
Studies in North American Batrachology. Notes
on the Robber Frog (Lithodytes latrans Cope.)
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, XIX., 5, pp. 73-82.
(115) Strecker, John K.
Description of a New Solitary Spadefoot (Scaphio-
pus hurterii) from Texas, with other Herpetological
Notes.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII., pp. 115-122. Plate.
Scaphiopus hurterii Strecker, n. s.
(116) Strecker, John K.
Notes on the Fauna of Northwestern Texas.
Baylor Univ. Bull., XXIII., 4 and 5, pp. 1-81.
Reptiles and amphibians, pages 4 to 21.
82
1910:
1910.
LOEL.
1911.
1944:
1913.
THE BAYLOR BULLETIN
(117) Stejneger, Leonhard.
The Amphibian Generic Name Engystoma Unten-
able.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII., pp. 165-168.
In this paper, Dr. Stejneger substitutes Gastro-
phryne Fitzinger for Engystoma Fitzinger. Among
the species of Gastrophryne here listed are G. texana
Girard and G.areolata Strecker, both of which were
described from Texan examples.
(118) Ditmars, Raymond L.
Reptiles of the World. New York, Sturgis and
Walton, 1910, 8 vo., pp. 1-378.
(119) Anonymous.
“Young Farmer Finds Queer Living Thing.”
Dallas (Texas) Morning News, Wednesday,
March 1, 1911.
An account of a young farmer ploughing up a spec-
imen of Siren lacertina Linn. in West Dallas. Illus-
trated by a drawing of the animal.
(120) Hurter, Julius.
Herpetology of Missouri.
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis, 1911, pp. 57-274.
(121) Bryant, Harold C.
The Horned Lizards of California and Nevada of
the Genera Phrynosoma and Anota.
Univ. of Calif. Publications in Zoology, Vol. 9,
No. 1, pp. 1-84, pls. 1-9.
(122) Ellis, Max M., and Junius Henderson.
The Amphibia and Reptilia of Colorado.
University of Colorado Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2,
19138 (May), pp. 37-129.
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