MARCH, 1913. 6 d. ILLUSTRATED. % IS IT WAR, RED WAR? %/ryjLl^ AUSTRALIA, AMERICA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. NOTES ON WORLD HAPPENINGS. GUN FIRE EXTRAORDINARY. SATAN'S VISIBLE WORLD. DIGNITY OF BUSINESS. AMERICA'S NEW PRESIDENT. CANADA AND HER NAVY. FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS QUARTER. HISTORY OF THE MONTH IN CARICATURE. ,<# \ '■'jifii red ™t 0 Newspapcfla^t the ^!p'.b ,^Me'i!i'ourno,"'i73/l3 1 Revieu- of Revifiis, 1J5,'1S. If YOU Are About to Insure Your Life- Why Not Save Half Your First Year's Premium? by putting your insurance through the Austrahan Life Agencies — we are not acting for any particular company — we are YOUR Agents. We watch YOUR interests, and give you sound commercial advice based on figures and facts as to the best company to insure in, for your particular needs. We give you free examination by our own medical ofificer at our offices — and when you pay us your cheque for your first year s premium We Hand YOU our Cheque, Payable to You, for Half the Amount of Your Premium. By insuring ilirough us— as your agent— you get all ilie advantages of a policy effected ilirougli a biassed agent, whose sole oliject is to effect an insurance in his pinicular company- plus the financial henefit of our cheque for half your first year's prenuuni — or in other words, SIX MONTHS INSURANCE FOR NOTHING. Don't delay— the investigation ol this oti>r '■..inniits voii to nothing. Send for full P3|-ticular.^ TO-DAV. ^^^ Australian Life Agencies Ltd., 77 Collins House, Collins Street, MELdOUkNE.. NORMAN PICOT, Managing Director KEEN'S That which is First in Import- &nce should be First Served. Keeru Muftard thould therefore be hrl upcn the table, since, no matter how tempting the viands and.perlecfl the cook Big, no me«l is complete without Keeo'i Mustard The FtNisHiNC TotrcH to Every Morsel «90 March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 1. HOME BUILDERS should know all there is to know about Cyclone Goods CYCLONE Dovible-Drive^vay GATE Get Our Finely Illustrated "Cyclone Book. " Post Free. Fiff. 17-J. CYCLONE FENCES AND GATES Are often cheaper in the first place than wooden picket or ordinary fences and gates. They al-ways look better, and invariably last longer, and give better service— thus it is safe to say that Cyclone Fences and Gates, in the end, are cHeaper than other fences and gates. This is not only our opinion. It is the opinion of thousands of users. "Cyclone Fences £a Gates are GOOD." CYCLONE WOVE = WIRE FENCE AND GATE CO., 459 Swanston Street, Alelbourne. 123=125 Waymouth Street, Adelaide. 178 Montreal Street, Christchurch, N.Z. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews wlun wiiiuu 10 ad\ eraair^. 11. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, li)13. Boots & Shoes There are also HATS MACS, and RAINCOATS all one price 10/6 3 9 21 - & 30 - Boots and Shoes, Macs, and Raincoats in ladies' styles at the above prices. The Mail Order Department now offers you an exceptional opportunity to obtain any one of Jacksons' specialities at exactly the sams price as if you lived next door to a branch plus the very small postage charges. No where in the world are there more dependable goods than those sold at Jacksons'. Not only do they save money on the first co£t, but their greatest economy lies in their wonderful wearing qualities. Once you have bought a pair of Boots, or a Raincoat from Jacksons' none others will just so well satisfy you in price and quality. Send tit-clity far F'ree IlJtit-iti'iited CntnUtiruG. Fit and Style Guaranteed. JACnSONS' Ltd., Victoria \VorK-, STOCKPORT, ENGLAND. MurcJi 1, 1913. REVIEW OE REVIEWS. HELD IN A GIRL'S HAND! Fathers Home Cinematograph. EVERYTHING NECESS-XRY, EXCEPTING ONLY THE SCREEN, IS IN THE MACHINE AS THE GIRL IS HOLDING IT. Pathe's Home Cinematograph. Makes its own light. Fig-. i6 is a small mag^neto. As the handle that projects the picture is turned, sufficient light is produced in the magneto to throw a moving- picture of startling- distinctness on the screen. Any- one in any place, town or country, can have Moving: Pictures in the Home without the use of gas, electric lie^ht, or oil. No outside light i.'; necessary. You cannot get this advantage in any other cinematograph. The Films will not burn. Pathe Films are non-inHammable. There is absolutely no danger. In Victoria the Fire Underwriters' Association charge no extra premium if a Pathe Home Cinematograph is in the home. You cannot get this advantage in any other cinematograph. Large choice of Films in Pathe's Circulating Library not obtainable for any other cinematograph. These are three advantages. Write for Booklet telling you more about this delight- ful Home Entertainer. Send the coupon to us or any of our agents. itr^ Pathe Freres, 33 Alliance Buildings, 48 Queen Street, Melbourne; Birch & Carroll, Edward Street, Brisbane ;S. Spurling & Son, 93 Bris- bane Street, Launceston; Optical and Photo. Supplies Co., 672 Hay Street, Perth; C. W. Fraser & Co., 139 York Street, Sydney; Harrington (N.Z) Ltd., 42 Willis Street, Wellington, N.Z. Please send me particulai's of Pathe's Home Cinematograph. Name Thank you for meutioning tlie Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. IV. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March l, 19 h " The kind that fills itself:' Thing for a Gift. Von need no longer worry about what bo give your friends. Give them all ONOTO pens. When you buy an ONOTO the packing and labelling will be doTie lor you. All you have to do is — Go to the shop, give the assistant the addresses, and tell him to see to the posting. An ONOTO is a gift that is sure to please. It is the fountain pen that fills itself, eleans itself, never leaks, and never scratches. It is a model of simplicity. GUHRaiVTEB.-The Onoto is British made. It is designed lo last a life-time ; but, if it should ever go wrong, the makers will immediately put it right, free of cost. The Safety Pen never leaks Price iz's. 6d. and in .i variety of more elaborate styles for presentation purposes, of all Stationers, Jewellers, and Stores, Booklet about the Onoto Pen free on application to THOS. DE LA RUE & CO. LTD. 206 BunhUI Row. London, E.C. Thauk you for lueutiouiiig the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisere. March 1, 191S. REVIEW OF REVIEV.S. Ambitious Australians HEMINGWAY & ROBERTSON'S CORRESPONDENCE INSTRUCTION FORESIGHT AND D E CIS! 0 N.— Have you the foresight and decision to study lo-aav m order that you may till more responsible positions at worthy remunera- tion in the future ? If you have you will write at once to Hemingway and Robertson with reference to their unique and modern system of Correspoiidencc Instruction, whereby you can receive, in your own home, a Technical, Univer- sity, or Commercial Education. MAIL INSTRUCTION. — Heminoway and Robertson hold the foremost place in .•\u>naiasia as Instructors by Mail, simply because their attention has been contined to .Australasian conditions, and they have concentrated and specialised entirely upon Correspondence tuition. The very existence of the Schools depends upori perfect Correspondence Instruction, and Hemingway and Robert- son's reputation has been established on account of their wonderful success in helping ambitious men to succeed in life solely by Mail Instruction. 603 PASSES. — Some thousands of students have passed through their hands, and a remarkable percentage have not only succeeded in passing examinations, but have improved their positions, have become prosperous and successful in every way. t)03 have qualitied at the stiffest .Accountancy Examinations, o obtaining first places ; and S53 have succeeded in passing at the Public Examinations. The majority of these successes ha\e been obtained in New Zealand, which is the very centre of all that stands for progTess in education and legislation. .\ great many .Australians during recent years have taken advantage of the facilities offered by Hemingway and Robertson's Correspondence Schools, and as the Head C^fhce of Hemingway and Robertson for .Australia has now been established in Melbourne, the full benefits of the same system, and complete organisation that have been so effectual in New Zealand, are now open to every Ausiralian. EXPERT QUALIFICATION — Hemingway and Robertson's staff" ot Instructors iias Dcen added u> by Australian experts 'csident in Melbourne, holding the v^ery highest qualifications, so that the position of Hemingway and Robertson is absolutely unchallenged by any organisation of its kind South of the Line. .AH the Instruction Papers have been specially compiled by University Pro- fessors. Graduates, and the most highly qualified men that it is possible to pyi 0"1 tr.j^ THE PAPERS. — The Instruction Papers are specially printed, and. wherever possible, illustrated. Their completeness, clearness, and the easy c^radation of the lessons have won the admiration of every one who has seen them, and are looked upon as perfect examples in the art of Correspondence Instruction. Students cannot fail to make rapid progress by virtue of such practical assist- ance, coupled with careful correction, and stimulating criticism of Home Work. PRACTICAL WORK. — Hemingway and Robertson's Instruction stands for sixteen yoai>' experience, covering practical work in .Accountancy, .Auditing, Law, Lecturing, Examining, and dealing with students of every class, and, needless to state, those who enrol to-day ha\e even far better opportunities of success. If >-o\J Have foresig'Kt and decision, and feel tKat you intend to contribute \c, >-our o\vn future and maKe sometHins.' of >"our life, by application and study to-day. \^-rite to u^^. no m.»tter -wHal your occupation, ^vitl■^out tbe slif^btest ob- ligiition to yourself, for tKe booKlet called " ForesigHt and Decision." NOTE. .A.11 courses of instruction taught by Mailinduding : — .Advanced .Accounting. Book-keeping, and .Auditing. Commercial Law. LL. B. and Law Course for Barristers and Solicitors. Public EJcaminations. Civil, .Mining, Electrical and .Mechanical Engineering. Cut out and post to day^ To HEMIXGU'aV & KCKKIf TSP.V, Australasian Correspondence Schools Ltd. 9 tiollins H i> 11 s e , .>\ e 1 b 0 II r 11 e 1 Please send me your free booklet. ■■ Foresight and Decision," and particulars of your Correspor dence .Address „ ..— Sav Zealand Kcadcts AddiTss P.O. Box 5/6, .iiuklaiid. HtMI\ijW4Y i ROSERFSOVS Australasian Correspondence Schools ltd.. 9 Collins House. Collins St.. MELBOURNE Thank you for uientiouing the Review of Keviews wheu writin? to .advertisers. VI. REVIEW 01' REV/EWS. March 1. 1913. This is The Original and still The Best LIME JUICE in the World. Delicious, Wholesome & Refreshing. ere is iingr so nice and healthful at all seasons as Rose's Lime Juice r Vi J lam my /tkes it, too ■mm A Wonderful Discovery! MACKINTOSHES TOFFEE de LUXE Delicious and Nutritious. J Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisera. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. Vll. Hark thee, worthy grocer, I see thou dost sell the goodly Bird's Custard : for our health's sake, we eat no other." WM. is the Custard of Absolute Purity, Puritv in food is essential to healthc Bird's Custard is absolutely pure, contains a rich store of nutriment, and is a welcome appetising dish at all seasons. Experienced housewives know that BIRD'S stands unrivalled in its rich creammess and delicious fresh flavon i^^ Take no Risks — Eat only what is wholesome, Acceot no substitute for the genuine BIRD'S Custard, Dr. Gordon Stables says : — " BIRD^S Custard never disagrees.*^ Vlll. REVIEW OE REVIEWS. March 1, 1913- BKBFERN'S n OTHER SAYS THEY nUST BE REDFERN'S"! GLOBE In PASTE and LIQUID. Ihe world over, the "Qlobe" shine is the brig-htest shine. "Globe" saves time and trouble ^no hard rubbing: and is most economical — so little is needed. Trv it! IN LIQUID. 2i. 6d. and 1;- unique sprinkler-top cans. Grocers and Slorcs everyiohere RAIMES & Co. Ltd., Bow, London, E. IN PASTE. Id.i2d. 4d. and largrer tins. (f) March 1, 1913. REVIEW OE REVIEWS. IX. HOW TO GROW HAIR A Simple, Safe and Reliable Way that produces Surprising Results. NEW PREPARATION CAUSES BIG STIR AMONG HAIR SPECIALISTS. The above clearly s lowi Results from a Short Course of ray True Hair-Growing Compound. 10,000 FREE TRIAL BOXES. Those who are troubled with tailing hair, dandruff, baldness, itching scalp, etc., know full well the humiliation that they cause. There is no need, however, of such conditions. These troubles can be quickly overcome by my True Hair Grower. I am not an advertising quack, but am a business man. My hair began to grow thin about the time I reached the age of thirty. When I laad reached the age of thirty-five the top of my head was quite bald. I had considerable pride, and sought for something to cause renewed growth. I invested in every preparation that I could see or hear of, and here let me say that not only did I try all the English so-called restorers, but tho.se of Continental Europe. I also visited spe- cialists. My esiDerimenting cost me many sovereigns and considerable time — yet the hairs came not. I had given up the idea of ever growing hair again. One after- noon, while enjoying a brief business re- spite by an Alpine trip, I fell in with an old collegiate chemist, whose hair was par- ticularly plentifid. I jokingly remarked that I wished he could spare some of his hair for my benefit. This led him to tell me that he understood the human hair as well as a good dentist understands teeth. He wrote me out a formula, and suggested that I have a quantity of the compound prepared. I did this a few days later. I was astonished to see the hair coming forth after several applica- tions, and within six weeks my head was covered by a firm, yet soft, black growth of hair. Since then the hair on my head has been as luxuriant as when in my school days. Having arranged for the legal right to do .so, I have for some time been privately selling this marvellous hair- growing compound. I hold over one thou- sand letters from people who have actually grown new hair through the medium of my True Hair Grower. I do not pretend to say it is the only hair grower in the world — ■! am not interested in decrying othens — but I do assert that it is the most reliable, and in the end by far the cheapest. Baldness, Dandruff, Itching, etc, Free Trial Coupon. Cut out this Coupon and send with 3 stamps to cover postage, etc., and I will immediately post a large trial box of my True Hair Grower. John Craven Burleigh, Dept. 120, 107 Castlereagh Street, Sydney. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. Mr. Frank Hartley's Generous Offer to put 100 Readers of *'The Review of Reviews" upon the Royal Road to Success, Power and Influence. Owing to the success with which his System has met. Mr. Hartley has decided to make special arrangements for the benefit of 100 ambitious readers of The Review of Reviews. So. if you are anxious to grasp this life's opportunities with both hands and make the most of them: if you want to know how to train your mind, to develop your personality, and acquire influence along true and scientific lines, get into communication to-day with Mr. Frank Hartley, the author of one of the most inspiring books ever published, entitled — •HOW FAILURE BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE' This book shows how to make failure impossible, ard how to make sure and steady progress to success. It tells you how the Frank Hartley Course of Menti-Culturc d«als. as no other course of training does, with The Mysteries and Secrets of the Mind, It explains simply and clearly to the uninitiated the mysteries and secrets of the inner constitution and workings of the human mind. It shows how one can become compelling and attractive in personality, and how to influence the thoughts and actions of others. Mr. Hartley's Course is not merely one of memory training or mind concentration. It is more, much more. It is a scientific course of mind development — a development which puts ©ne in possession of all the mysterious powers of the mind, and makes those v.-ho follow it a personal fores wherever they go. MR. HARTLEY S SPECIAL OFFER Every reader of "The Review of Reviews" can have a copy of this remarkable book, and also a specimen lesson, by sending three penny stamps, but to the FIRST HUNDRED who respond to this offer, and decide to enrol for the entire course, Mr. Hartley's generous offer is to accept them at half his usual low fee. This means 100 STUDENTS AT HALF FEES Guarantee of Successful Training There is no risk in takint^ the course. n.> possibility of spendinji money uselessly. You must make satisfactory progress. Mr. Hartley guaran- tees it. He promises specially to readers of Thk Review of Re\ ikus taking advantage of his offer that "' If any stuient. after taking the course, has not improved himself, he is at lilerty to return his instruc- tion papers, when the fee paid will be refunded in full." l.OOO GUINEAS GUARANTEE Further, in order to remove all possible doubt as to the success an^^ efficiency of the course, a few opinions of .hose who have already tak^n it are here given, under Mr. Hartley's penalty offer of 1,000 guineas il they can be proved not genuine. Mr. M.GOUGH writes: — " Vour course has been very interesting and very beneficial tu nie." Miss A. GRAHAM writes^ — "I have found your lessons very in- teresting, ami now look upon life from quite a new standpoint." Mr. R. CURTIS writes:—" 1 have just finished my fifth lesson, and I must say that I realise the truth it contains. If one ou will grasp this opportunity. Application for the bock and specimen lesson, which will be sent oi receipt of three penny stamps, places you under no obligation to enrol Please remember this. V/rite to-day, and address your reply to — FRANK HARTLEY Room 24, London Institute of Menti- Culture, 35, Wellington Street, London, W.C. Interlocking Body Joints. The INTERLOCKING BODY JOINTS of the "BlnABONO" TROUG i ensure a watertight joint: prevent sections from worlving apart ; greatly strengthen the sections b;cavise of the groove as shown in enlarged illustration. Structure is of Angle and T Steel. We make Cattle, Sheep, Calf, and Pig Troughs, and our prices compare with other makes, notwithstanding the patented teatures of our troughs. Makers of Pumps, Windmills, etc. Particulars and prices mailed free. DANKS JOHN Prop'y 391-9 Bourke St. &SON Limited Melb. Absorbed ! in a Wonderland of hercwn creating with a Home Modelling ,^,^^__^^^_^_^^^^^^^^ Outfit of Harbutt's ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Plasticine. The boy of four becomes as interested and absorbed in modelling with Harbutt's Plasticine as the man of forty. THE NEW PLASTIC ZOO Box is a delightful gift for children of all ages. Special Paper Patterns — you make the animals stand, run, or walk — complete with Tools and 6 Colours. Illustrated Book of Instructions 5/-. Post Free 5/6 HARBUTT'S PLASTICINE, LTD. 51 BATHAMPTON, BATH Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing- to advertisers. March 1. 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. XI. KuROPE (to the Alliesi : " Wait a momeut, children ! You'd better let mother divide the cake." A Wonderful Clock Every one who hears a Westminster Chiming Clock strike must desire to possess one, so charming is its effect. As each quarter-hour is reached an ex- quisite peal is struck upon lour tubes NX'hen the hour is reached a peal of 16 notes is struck, followed by the hours on a separate gong. Each tube gives a beautifully toned sustained note — the whole effect being exactly similar to a beautiful and complete cathedral chime. ? The price of a clock of this description has hitherto been too high to permit of its purchase other than by the wealthy, but. thanks to the enterprise and resources of the H. White Manufacturing Company, one of tliese superb clocks is brought within the comparatively easy reach of all. 3 The " Manor House." a superb clock, with light oak or walnut case with fluted columns and carved pediments. 5 The clock has a fine quality, large, square, eight-day movement, thoroughly well finished, five tube gongs, novel striking hammers and train, handsome polished metal dial, with ormolu mounts; time-keeping guaranteed. The Company's Price - - - d£3 ISO H. White Manufacturing Company 104 Market Street, Manchester IMPO RTiANT— Visitors should notei NEXT to Lewis' Thank you '<^ mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. xu. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. Learn the Advertising usiness The Value of the Helping Hand The little helping hand means all the difference between success and failure to the earnest young man. Are you looking for a helping hand ? Are you an earnest young man ? If so, we want you to write to us for full information regarding the possibilities of the adver- tising business. Free Offer of Instruction. We are prepared to offer to a limited number of applicants the first month's instruction in Advertising entirely free of cost, to prove the great possibilities of the Advertising Business. Simply fill in the Coupon below and post to u$. British School of Advertising 26 OXFORD HOUSE 9-15 OXFORD ST., LONDON, W. Name Address 26 Mrs. S. A. Allen's WORLD'S Hair restorer and Quickly changes GRAYorWHITE Hair toitsNatural ^Colour & Beauty. It is as good as its promise and is not an experiment, but has been in use for nearly So years throughout the civilized world. It is the best, the best is always the cheapest. Get a Bottle and be convinced. Sold everywhere by Chemists, Perfumers, &c. If you cannot procure locally send this advertisement with P.O.O. or stamps for 4s. to 114 Southampton Kow, London, and a full-sized large bottle will be sent Carriage Paid anywhere in the United Kingdom. BXl iHE COLOSSUS OF THE DARJ>A^'ELLBS. ".What? Is he still on the European shore?" From the Novoye Vrernya (St. Petersburg.) AREYOUBOXEDUPZ Are you boxed up in a situation where there is no room to develop — without prospects of anything better ? How can you prove what you are worth if you have no opportunity ? Get where men with brains and skill receive their just reward. Devote a little of your spare time in training, so that you may BECOME AN ELECTRICAL. ENGINEER and be able to help yourself to a good position, pay, and prospects. Our Free Book, " How to become an Electrical or Mechanl' cal Engineer," will give you proof of what we can do for you. Send a postcard for a copy and you shall have it by return. W« train you In the following :— Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Drawing, Complete Eleotriaal Bngineering BlectricisB't Coarse, Short Electrical Coarse, Electrical Light and Power, Electric Tramways (Special), Building Construction, Sanitary Engineering. Etc. Send i>ostcard tn Bagley Sc Tinkler. Robb's Bldgs., 533R Collins St.. Melbourna ■-, T. S. Martin, Swift's BUigs . 284R Castlereaeh St., Sydney. N.S.W.; G. Laggern, 92R Davis St., Boulder City. -W-.A. Tbe Electrical Engineer Institute of Correspondence Instyuctinn. 640, Norwich House, Southampton St., Holborn, London, W.C. E.EI Tha-nk you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March l, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. xui., m MEMORY IS TRUMPS ^JL'^^ vO';/.-.. The Card that will Help you to Win Success. /^■^il^Sr.Vi '':'^M3 f^^'l- THE LINNEAN MEMORY 5Y5TEM m'Mk '20/8 Ucless the knowledge and experience you acquire are treasured up for future use in a memory properly trained to retain them, much that would be of value in the game of life is forgotten and lost. Tlien, too, in the acquisition of know- ledge, how important a part does memory play. The advantage of the mind organised to surely grasp and store up wha-t is read, heard and seen, cannot be overestimated. In the study, in business life, in the social world, there is no greater asset. The LINNEAN MEMORY SYSTEM is easy to learn. Success is certain. Fee returned if satisfaction is not given. The system teaches you by post, simply and surely, how the memory may be quickly trained and brought to the highest state of efficiency. The course is an eminently practical one — 600 illustrations are given of how to memorise with rapidity and success. The easy postal lessons occupy but a few minutes daily for six weeks. Hundreds of students already testify to the excellent results derived from a knowledge of the system. To R. BROWN, P.O. Box, 724, 211 SwANSTON Street, Melbourne, Vic. Please send free explanatory Booklet to Nam;© Address XIV. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. IMACtINF '^^ finest possible PRISRfl BINOCULARS ■^^^-* -^ ~ -"-^ — every point thought out, combining every advan- tage— light weight, water-tight, high magni&cation X 8, wide vjew, brilliaDt illumina- tion, finest lenses, exquisite worknnanship, microscopic definition, and the result is « WATSON "INTEH8E" PRISM BUSS (BRITISH MADE). Price £6 t 10 j 0 complete in Case. 10 % extra by 12 monthly payments. Write at once for Illastrated Descriptive Li»t 6 5, to W. WATSON & SONS, Ltd., ^'^^'^ <^'^^ ^'^^-^ '° '^^ ^"''^^ 313, High Holborn, London, W.C, »^-^ NAVY & ARMY & 184, Great Portland Street, W. and to many Foreign Governments. a M Ha ■■ EB ■»— m- zsczn Waterproof. • Price £6 tJJ) iH. IE ■■ ■■ M Diutproof. Complete in Case n MENTAL VIRILITY may be yours, A striking personality, a memory that retains every fact, power to concentrate, to banish nervousness or despondency; to incre«se your power of mind, to generate mental force for emer- gencies, to conirol circumstances, to achieve your goal. Send J/2 to-day for the book " Keys to Sovereign Power." THE TALISMAN PUBLISHING ROOMS, HARROGATE. THIS CHAIR MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE. It w II lupport you id ihe wster aad PREVENT YOU FROM DROWNING And ward oB COLDS. CHILLS RHEUMATISM when sitting lo the open air. Can take it an>'where. Always Useful and Ready. COOL IN SUMMER. WARM IN WINTER. Price 16 e and 12'6. Send fur Comt>lele /.isl. LEO. EDWARDS "fw^c^lTHiM"" I'oi***.*^***. T'^zxia ciiiiot be excelled They represent Pen perfection, , the results of 1:6 yeais' exix-ru nee. i,very bit lirilish-made, too. The c:i&e and comfort | derived from the use of a good *' JN'^X'^'kizm.^ " Pen is a re\el;tTi"n tn all write Try one. Nibs to suit every hand. Money back in full if you are not satisfied. This is one of our leading patterns. No. 210, at 5/8. It : equal in every way to any other make at 10/ iicc on your ^.'Wll Oiniiif^ Titblc Superior Billiard Table i a Soli.i Mali, a^py French Polished.Best Slate Bed. Aajnstabk- Feet. Rubber Shod. Low Frost-Proof Rubber Cushions, Two Cues. Marki- a Hoaid. kcst, Ivoiy or Crvstalate Balls, etc. fnces from £3/7/6. Cash or Hasy Payments. Delivered Carriage Paid to anr Railway Station in the United KiiifJ^loin at our risli. \o charge for pacliages. LISTS FREE, folding Ba.ijatelle Tables from ;10 - Qray's Book on Billiards published at 11-, will be sent post free on receipt of two pcnn;i ,.•.■•T.^l^>^^1M,■'l■ •■;:,:ilt>,l!i,T,!.r.fiT;f|VWl>!j!:: i';l:rffiI'M-' ;:;:;::♦:■ THERE YOU ARE! and only cost me a few pence. I'll take very good care never to be without Drurn^ mer Dyes again. Drummer Dyes are always certain, safe and fast. They ■ are extremely easy to use- the directions are simple, A^^j: clear, and few . •5? ' There is absolutely no risk of failure with Drummer Dyes if you follow the directions. And here are some of the things I dye with them ; blouses, akirts, bodices, wraps, scarves, col- lars, ribbons, cravats, laces, jabots, belts, feathers, stockings, ties, hats, bonnet* — and lots more, all quickly. easily, and safely made new again with Drum- mer Dyes. Cut out this Coupon and send ■with name o> Grucey or tore, along with six penny atainps to Wm. Edge & Sons, Ltd., Bolton, and yoM wili receive by return 7 penny Drummer Dyes and \ nanio Tender Mationary Engineer Marine Engineer ( ivil Engineer Hydraulic Engineer Municipal Engineer Bridge Engineer R.R. Construe. Eng. Surveyor Mining Engineer Mine Foreman Textile-Mill Supt. Foreman Plumber Heat & Ventilat. Eng Building Contractor Architect .'\rchitectural Draft. Structural Engineer Structural Draftsm'n Chemist Ad. Writer Show-Card Writer Window Trimmer Sheet Metal Draft. Ornamental Design'r Navigator Bookkeeper Stenographer Civil Service Exams. To Speak French To Speak German To Speak Spanish Same Street & \umber City StJtr Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1913. XVll. THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS FOR AUSTRALASIA. EDITED BY HENEY STEAD. CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1913. PAGE Henry Stead ... ... ... . Frontispiece An Editorial Foreword ... ... ... ... 3 Ib the Trenches at Adrianople ... ... ... 4 The Progress of the World — The Biilkau Situation 5 The Peace Plenipotentiaries 5 Stumbling Blocks 6 The Turks Aocept Terms 6 Euver Bey Once More 8 Hostilities Eenewed 8 A Case of Stale Mate b The Value of Sea Power 8 What of the Future? 10 Roumauia Steps in 11 Revolution in Mexico 12 The Death of Madero 12 A Halt in Naval Armaments 13 The New France 13 Ministerial Changes in Germany 14 The Tragedy of Captain Scott 14 Further Toll of the Antarctic 16 I Continued on PAGE The End of the Food Taxers 16 Austin Chamberlain Beaten 17 The Insurance Act 17 Home Rule for Ireland 17 Ijabour Unrest at Home .... 18 The White Slave Traffic 19 South African Crisis 19 The Federal Elections 19 The New High Court Judges 20 Which Gauge.' 21 Sitting Tight 21 The Dominions' Commissiou .. 23 The New Naval College 23 The Bush Capital 24 A South Seas Novelist 24 The Primate . 25 Uniting the Churches 25 Our Next Number 26 President Woodrow Wilson. IJy A. (4. Gardiner 27 Topics of the Month — I. The Men and Religion Forward Movement 32 II. How President Wilson's Election May Affect Us 34 III. Shooting Extraordinary 35 next page.) EAT SOLAR TELESCOPE AND MICROSCOPE COMBINED Nearly Four Feet I^ong. About Six Int-lies Around. Price, only 8/6, including Delivery Anywhere. Su" &poi5 GUARANTEED SCIENTIFICALLY PERFECT BY THE MAKERS. — »^ Valuable Booklet on Telescopy with Each Instrument *< — ^ THE New Excelsior Telescope is large and powerful and wonderfully cheap. With ihe Ad.'ustable Solar Eye-Piece you can observe Eclipses of ihe Sun and look for the mysterious Sun Spots A Telescope with a Solar Eye. Piece has never before been sold for less than a couple of friiineas. There are five sections, or draws, measuring when fully extended nearly Four Feet and closing to about one fool It is fitted with four lenses and a focussing diaphragm, accurately adjusted, and a metallic cap protects the object glass and excludes dust when the instrument is noi iu use Tlie Eye-Piece section can be withdrawn and used independently as a powerful Magnifier or Micro- scope An interesting book of hints and instructions on the use of the Telescope for Solar, Lunar and Astronomical Observations and for ordinary purposes is given with each instrument. Tounsts, residents at the seaside, and others able to enjov wide and extended views should have this wonderfully cheap Tele- scope Mr. John Organ. Gympie, Queensland wrote — 'I am much pleased with the Solar Telescope. I' is all that ii is represented, and would be cheap at twice the price" Mr. W. H Moss, Euroa, Vic —"Am ver» pleased witti Ihe Tell■■^copc ' Mk. A. GoULn. Boggabilla. NSW.: — "Your Telescope is simply perlect. THE UNION COMPANY, 299 Elizabeth Street, IMelbourne. •htmric" unrivalled KYU OINTMENT AND LOTION. Cures Granulation, Ulceration, Blight, Sore and Inflamed Eyes. Restores Eyelashes. This Universal Ointment and Lotion as a family salve has no equal, and should be used without fear or hesitation. Testimonials posted. Ointment, 2s. od. ; Lotion, 2s., and 3s. 6d. ; Eye-Baths, Is. Post free. Orders must have enclosed P.N. payable to KYMRIC PTY., 62 Swanston St., Melbourne. Ask your Storekeeijer, or send direct. Correspondence invited. Thajik you for mentioning the Bevi&w of Reviews when writiiigr to advertisers. XVlll. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 191S. CONTENTS. — Continued from page xvii. PAGE Canada's Plans for Her Navy. By P. T. McCaath 37 Leading Articles in the Reviews iContinued)- PAcr Leading Articles in the Reviews — How the War Affects Europe . 4i The Germans— An Intimate Sketch 48 If Germany and England Fought 50 The Romance of Petrol 51 The War Against Disease ., ,', 53 Social Questions ' ' ' ' 54 A Great Victorian ■• ■■ ^^ Music and Art The Theosophic and Oiccult The Queen of Norway , 53 The King of a Small' People ..58 How the President-Eiect Decided 59 The Canadian Cavaliers ... 59 The Reformation of Korea " . 59 Will Constantinople Vanish 60 Commercial Morality of Japan .. .. .'.' .' 60 Philatelic Auctioneering 60 Famine Wages \\ 61 Profit Sharing .....'. 61 Inter-JMarriage in India .. .'. 61 Random Notes 62 The Italian Reviews \' ' ' 63 The Dutch Reviews ' 63 The Spanish Reviews 6* The British Review Poetry in the Review.? History of the Month in Caricature Financial and Business Quarter. Conducted by Alex. Jobson, A. I. A 64 65 67 73 56 The Dignity of Business. By H. E. Morgan 77 The Book of the Month — Satan's Visible World Notable Books of the Month — An Uncompromising Bishop An Indian Ruler in Europe . The Truth About Russia . . . . The Pounder of Putnams . . . Insurance Notes Travel and Educational Department Books in Brief 81 85 86 87 88 90 95 101 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, 6- (l'«'st free. EDITORIAL OFFICE : Temperance & General Life Assurance Buildings, Swanston-st., Melbourne The Editor is not responsible for manuscripts sent in, although every possible care will be taken of them. The English Keview of Reviews : Bank Buildings, Kingsway, London. The American Review of Reviews : 'M) Irvinu' Place. New ^'ork City. LirCnardtnuith's Set your Watch by Homan's SUN CLOCK uIk' up-tw-it.itc suiulial). ANDYOl' WILL ALWAYS HAVU THE RUiHT TIME. /" ^^ kuT-. " > 1 1 U l|( X(' ' ■ ■■>ym' Write for particulars to the hivoitor : W. nOMAN. 20 Renfrtw Street, GLASGOW. .'\gcnts wanted everywhere. Please mention this magazine. TO-DAY Ki^mwwwwx^wM^'^mxi ':'*^&^M\EM' h5?? — if your baby is not thriving usc^hc 'Allcnburys' Foods, they develop firm ^ flesh and bone and promote robust health and vigour. No digestive disturbance need be ^ feared from thcusc of these pure milk and malted foods. MILK FOOD No. 2. From 3 to 6 months. MALTED FOOD No. 3. From 6 months upwardc. The LK FOOD No. \. . MILK FOOD No. 2. MALTED FOOD No. 3. (g[ birth to 3 months. From 3 to 6 months. From 6 months upwardc. ]^T! jSllenbiirgs Foods. m m !^ DBSF- PAMPHLET ON INFANT FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT FREE. ^ !g ALLEN & HANBURYS Ltd., Loi^don, England, and MARKET STREET, SYDNEY. W Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. XIX. PELMAN SCHOOL Can You Jinsiver these Questions Satisfactorily ? 17. Lan you solve knotty problems 1. Have you great Orgfanisingr Power? 2. Have you Directive Power? 3. Have you the power of Ideation ? 4. Do people come to you for \'aluable Ideas ? S- Are you a good reasoner? 6. Do you remain calm and unffurried amidst crowding worries? 7. Can you master difficult subjects easily? 8. Do you dominate your surroundings ? I). Have you a Strong- Will ? Do you think logically ? Are you a good and persuasive talker? Can you sell goods ? Can you convince people who are doubtful, or even hostile ? Do you decide quickly and rightly? Are you in demand as a speaker or orator ? Can you rapidly master difficult facts? im- 10. II. 12. 13- 14- 15- 16. on of Can y(ju soh'c Cfuickly ? if this resolve of the Coun- Review of ncvieus, 113! 13. PROCiR/iSS OF Till: \V O N / . / ) . THE ISLANDS OF 'ITIiJ A]GEAN SK.\.. The object of the ambitions of the Great Powers. Greece and Turkey alike. 8 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1915. ci] bringing about the hoped-for peace, it precipitated a coup d'etat in Constan- tinople, which, leading to the rupture of negotiations, again plunged the Balkans into war. Enver Bey Once More. Enver Bey, who took so prominent a part in the coup d'etat of 1909, which set Mohammed V. on the throne and forced representative Government on an apathetic and unwilling Turkey, again appeared on the scene. During the interval he had been directing operations against the Italians in Tri- poli with a success that made him the idol of the populace in Turkey. The day following the decision to abandon Adrianople the young general, mounted on a white horse, and followed by seve- ral officers, rode through cheering crowds to the Porte, and demanded to see the Grand Vizier, aged Kiamil Pasha. He met the Cabinet in the Council Chamber, and, stating that the nation would not endure the loss of Adrianople, demanded the immediate resignation of the Ministry. The Vizier complied with that request, and handed his formal resignation to Enver Bey, who took it at once to the astonished Sultan. The same evening Mahmud Merket Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier, the equivalent of our Prime Minis- ter, and Minister of War. The other new Ministers were all men determined to continue the war rather than cede Adrianople. We have always come to regard revolutions in Asiatic countries as bringing death and turmoil in their train. It is remarkable how bloodlessly everything was carried out, both on this occasion and in 1909. It is all the more regrettable that one prominent man did lose his life, the redoubtable Nizam Pasha, commander-in-chief of the Tur- kish armies. The Young Turks did not seek to kill him, but he appears to have been shot in a melee precipitated out- side the Council Chamber by his aide- de-camp firing upon Enver Bey's party. Hostilities Renewed. Severe fighting took place in the Chatalja lines between the soldiers de- voted to Nizam Pasha and the Young Turks, but it was practically over by the time the Allies received the reply of the new Government to their de- mands. The Ottoman note stipulated the retention of the principal part of Adrianople, agreed to dismantle the for- tifications, but insisted upon Turkish sovereignty over the Aegean Islands. The Allies thereupon broke off nego- tiations, and gave notice of the ter- mination of the aimistice. On Feb- ruary 3rd the thunder of the guns once more took up the mighty diapason of war, and an impotent Europe looked on in alarm as the armies met again in deadly grip, fearing that ere long war — red war — might burst out all along the bristling frontiers of those powers, who, to secure peace, make even greater and more costly preparation for furious strife. It was only when the Peace delegates left London that it was learned that one of the demands of the Allies had been a war indemnity of iJ^40,ooo,ooo. The general view of diplomats was that the Turkish reply was by no means so unreasonable as the Allies took it to be, but offered a real basis for a settlement. A Case of Stale Mate. Adrianople still holds out, despite the efforts of Bulgars and Serbs. At Scu- tari the Turks have taken the offensive, and inflicted severe loss on the Monte- negrians and Servians, who infest the place. The Montenegrians are little more than guerilla fighters, and are not fitted for regular siege operations. The opposing armies watch each other at Chatalja, where the Allies wisely re- frain from breaking themselves against Eeview of Reviews, 1/3/13. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. the formidable Turkish Hnes. Fierce fighting is taking place on the penin- sula of Gallipoli, which now is the key to Constantinople. Izzet Pasha, who is in supreme command of the Sultan's troops, sent Enver Bey, at the head of 60,000 troops, to land at Ergeli, on the sea of Marmora, with the object of taking the investing army before Cha- talja in the rear. A very obvious piece •of strategy frustrated by the Bul- The Value of Sea Power. This war has again demonstrated the immense importance of control of the sea. The Allies owe far more to the Greek fleet than is generalh- recog- nised. The command of the sea was vital to them in the last campaign. It enabled the Hellenic fleet to bottle up the Turkish ships m the Sea of Marmora. It has left the sea free to the Greek transports, which have poured men, WATCHING A CITY STARVE! Servian troops in the tren^rhes before Adrianople. :garians, who forced the Turks back to their ships with severe loss. The Allies will make every endeavour to capture the Turkish forts in Gallipoli, as these give control of the Dardan- elles. Once in possession of this strait, they have Constantinople at their mercy, for the Greek battleships could enter the Sea of Marmora, sweep away the Ottoman fleet, and have the "Pearl of the East " defenceless before their guns. munitions of war, and food supplies into Thrace. Almost all the Greek mer- chantmen, second in numbers in the Eastern Mediterranean only to the British, have been requisitioned for this purpose. The fleet prevented any coal being landed for the Turkish rail- wa}'s, and thus paralysed the Ottoman transport throughout Asia Minor, de- laying in consequence for many weeks tlie arrival of reinforcements of sea- soned troops to the ill-trained and IC REVlE^y OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. THE AEROiPLANE IN WAR. {.Toiutal. The aviator, Bmiis, who is flying- for the Bulgarians witli his marhine. Burns on horseback. badh'-equipped Turkish armies in the field. In a wa}' it is a wonderful romance, for the Allies owe this com- mand of the sea entireh' to the patriot- ism of one man, a Greek millionaire. Had he lived he could have looked over a changed map of Europe and have said, "This is my work." It shows, too, the immense value of one powerful ship. This patriot devoted his private fortune to building a Dreadnought cruiser, which he presented to the Greek nation, and it is the fear of this battleship which has rendered the Tur- kish fleet powerless. Had it not been there the Sultan's ships ought to have been able to destroy those of the Greeks — would have made the attempt, at any rate. What of the Future? So many factors, of which little is known, play important parts in the ultimate results wdiich may follow the war, that any forecast of what ma}' happen is difficult. One or two points should always be borne in mind, though. The xMlies at the beginning of the war put almost ever\- man they possessed into the field ; the Turks, on the other hand, have been able to bring up heav_\- reinforcements until it is stated that no less than 800,000 men are in arms beneath the crescent banner. Adrian- ople will probably fall ; it cannot be re- inforced and must star\e, but it is \-ery improbable that the Allies will quickly be able to capture Gallipoli, into which men can be thrown from the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles, or Chatalja, greatl\' strengthened during the armistice. The longer the war con- tinues the worse it is for the Allies, who must find it increasingly difficult to maintain their armies in the field. This difficult}' is chiefl}' one of finance. Neither Turks nor Allies have an}' money, but the former seem to be able to get along better without it than their opponents. These must reh' upon borrowing, and loans can onl}" be licvieic of Revieiis, 1/3/13. PROGRESS OF THE ^\OR/.n. II raised b}' the consent of the Great Powers. It IS this control of money which means that in the long run the apparently impotent concert of Europe will dominate the situation, and ar- range matters without much regard for an}'one except the convenience of its own members. The real danger lies in the probabilit}' of grave dissensions between the Powers themselves. We can speculate as to how much terri- tory Turkey will retain in Europe — that the progress of the war will deter- mine— but there is little doubt what- -ever happens that she will remain at Constantinople, and control the Galli- politan Peninsula. Russia, Roumania and Bulgaria will all be united in de- siring a neutralised Dardanelles on the lines of the Suez Canal, and they will probably succeed in inducing Austria to agree to this for some quid pro quo. Roumania Steps In. Whilst the Peace Conference was dragging on Roumania suddenl}' de- manded from Bulgaria compensation for her neutrality in the war, and mobil- ised her army to give more power to her claims. These now appear to be likely of peaceful adjustment, although at one time war between the two states seemed imminent. Rou- hiania has plax^ed a peculiar part dur- ing the war. Before it began she held the ke>' to the situation. This was recognised at Sofia, and Kiiig Ferdi- nand made proposals to Roumania with a \'iew to securing co-operation, and offering promises if she would remain neutral. Encouraged by the represen- tatives of the Triple Alliance, who l)e- lie\ed that the Allies would be de- feated b_\' Turkey, the Roumanian Go\ernment decided to wait and get better terms. The war did not go as expected, consequently Roumania is m a difficult position. She lias, it is true, been able to squeeze Bulgaria, but the method of doing so will lea\e a bitter taste behind, and the new frontier will be a rankling sore be- tween the two states in future, lust Turkish guns captured by the Bulgarians, Btored at Kirk Kilisse. ilopical. 12 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913- now Russia is far more friendly to- wards Servia than towards Bulgaria, and it seems inevitable that Roumania will forsake the Tiiple Alliance for closer understanding with Russia. In European military circles, by the way, the opinion is held that, judgmg by the results of the present war, the Bul- garian army is a much less formidable one on modern lines than that of Servia. Revolution in IVIexico. As long as General Diaz was Presi- dent of Mexico, the country was tran- quil. That iron-handed dictator had a drastic way with insurgents and their like. With his deposition Mexico en- tered into a new phase reminiscent, indeed, of the pre-Diaz regime, where e\'ery so-called presidential election was the occasion of a civil war. Signer Madero became President a year ago after he had carried through a success- ful revolution, and expelled the aged Diaz. His rule, although he had the whole-hearted support of Mr. Taft's Government, has been much broken by local disturbances, and ere long the expected happens, and he is deposed. The leaders in the movement which caused his fall were Felix Diaz, nephew of the ex-President, and General Reyes. The latter, some nine years ago, be- came too popular and powerful a man to suit Porfirio Diaz, who practically banished him to be Governor of a dis- tant state. He was shot in the street fighting between the President's troops and the followers of Felix Diaz. To him succeeded General Huerta, the head of the Federal Forces. He it was who made victory certain for the in- surgents, and arrested Madero. Huerta proclaimed himself provisional Presi- dent, but will hatdh' retain the post long. The actual occupant of the Presidential chair is, however, a small matter, compared with the view the United States may have to take of the whole question. No American desires to annex Mexico ; he does not want another Philippines hung round his neck. But American business interests are very great in Mexico, and very un- willingly the States may be compelled to intervene with armed force. If she does she will have her hands full, be- cause, although each faction in the Latin republic hates the others, they all hate and fear their big sister in the north still more. It is to be hoped,. for the sake of peace in America, that some man strong enough to take a per- manent seat in the Presidential chair speedily appears. Mexico does not seem ripe yet to be ruled on Constitu- tional lines — a dictatorship appears in- evitable. The whole country is seeth- ing with unrest, and is over-run witlx guerilla bands. The Death of Madero. That the deposed President should have been shot is deplorable. It is stated that friends tried to rescue iiim en route to the prison, where he was being conveyed at the suggestion of the United States Minister, and that he and the \'ice-President, Suarez, lost their lives in the fracas. Although his disappearance will, no doubt, be wel- comed by Huerta and his friends, it is improbable that the ex-President was murdered by their orders. The United States can hardly interfere on the ground that those in power executed him without a fair trial, as President Taft had threatened to do if such ac- tion had taken place. His death will not endanger the relations of the two countries, as it was, or can be made to appear to have been, accidental. Madero had a remarkable career. He was a dreamer, a clever soldier, a law- yer, and a successful cotton grower, a millionaire and a spiritualist. He ever dreamed dreams for the regenera- Review of Reviews, 1/3/13. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. LORD OP ALL HE SURVEYS. ITopical. Ts:\v Ferdinand of Bulg-aria surveying the City of Kavalla from tlie Ruins of Alexander the Great. A difficult problem will be that of the three Canadian Dreadnoughts, the vote for which was agreed to in the Parlia- ment at Ottawa on February 28, al- though whether they are to be added to the Imperial Na\\' or are to form part of a Canadian fleet, is still being rather at-rimoniously discussed throughout the whole of Canada. If tion of his countrx', but his ver}^ efforts have left it in a more distracted sta' i than ever before. A Halt in Naval Armaments. Mr. Winston Churchill's offer witli re- gard to the proportion of battlesliips has now been accepted by Admiral von Tirpitz. That is to sa}', Germany is prepared to adopt a naval standard of given, are these or are these not to be ten German to sixteen British capital included in the English ships? From the ships for the next few years. It is a German point of view the>' will be. great thing to have armed at such an The}' become part of the British Fleet, understanding. Attempts have been We, for instance, would insist upon made by British statesmen to reach reckoning in any capital ship given by agreement with Germany on the matter a German colony, supposing any of since Campbell Bannerman's time, es- these " places in the sun " ever became pecially during the Hague Conference wealth}- enough to make the present, m 1907, but without success. This Germany certainly wall consider herself does not keep to- the policy of laying justified in counting these gift ships, down two keels to one, but it does The New France. give us a substantial balance, 35 to The wonderful re\i\al of France dur- 23, in 1915. ' ' ■ ing the last few years is no doubt 14 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, l'J13. directly responsible for the enormous increase in the German military esti- mates. She intends adding 30,000 men to her standing army, and is vot- ing the huge sum of ^^40, 000, 000 to be spent in military expansion during the next four years. Already the burden of taxation is almost more than she can bear, but until some under- standing between the powers is ar- rived at to limit armaments, this insen- sate squandering of treasure and per- sonal liberty must continue. No won- der those who have experienced this terrible competition see with regret the younger Britons entering so light- heartedly into the race. France's reply to the German increase was prompt and vigorous. In addition to her nor- mal military vote she has decided to spend no less a sum than ;^23,ooo,ooo during the next few years on her army. In M. Poincare, elected on the second ballot, she has a strong President, who will take a far more active part in affairs than M. Fallieres ever did. A famous lawyer before he took to active political life, M. Poincare has been an undoubted success as Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. M. Briand, who succeeds him as Premier, is he preceded him, is also a man of character, although his personal re- putation is not so high as that of the new President. The appointment of M. Delcasse, France's most able Minis- ter, to be ambassador at St. Petersburg shows that the Franco-Russian Alliance is stronger than ever. In view of tlie possibility of a general European war this move on the part of France will not be without its effect on the Triple Alliance. It is significant to learn that this has been renewed two years before such renewal was due. Ministerial Changes in Germany. Quick changes have taken place at the German Foreign Office. Herr von Kiderlm Waechter, Minister of Foreign Affairs, died suddenly in December. He became very prominent in the Aga- dir affair, and in the negotiations with France which followed when Moroccan affairs were being settled, without any reference, by t'he way, to Morocco it- self. He was succeeded by Herr von Jago, the German Ambassador at Rome, who had hardly taken office be- fore he had to resign owing to ill-health. The newly-appointed Ambassador to Italy, Herr von Flotow, has taken up the portfolio. It is a curious fact that the legation in Rome generally supplies the Fatherland with capable ministers, the most notable being the late Chan- cellor, Von Bulow. The Tragedy of Captain Scott. A shudder of horror ran round the world when on February loth the Terra Nova returned to New Zealand and reported that Captain Scott and four gallant companions had perished on their way back from the Pole. So stirred were the hearers of the dread news that many absolutel\- re- fused to credit it. It was only when confirmation came from Commander Evans of the Terra Nova, via London, that it was believed. The tragedy cast a gloom for days everywhere, and Scott's last words, penned as he lay dying in his tent onl\- 1 1 miles from one of the food depots he had left on his journey South, have rung round the world. " Surely, surely, a great and rich country like ours will see that those who depend upon us are pro- perly cared for." The answer has been spontaneous the world over, but, as usual, Australia led the way. The uni- versal sympathy for the bereaved wives and families of the indomitable ex- plorers can fortunately find some prac- tical expression and Captain Scott's last wish will be amply realised. Cap- tain Scott and his companions did Eeview of Reviews. 1/3/13. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. 15 Photo.2 [Hionp/i /•("(■.«. Tl-E LATE CXPTAIN R. F. SCDTT, R N. i6 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1. 1913. actually reach the South Pole — on January i8th, 191 2 — where they found Captain Amundsen's records placed there by the gallant Norwegian a month before — on December 19th, 191 1. It was on their return journey that disaster overtook them. Petty Officer Evans broke down, and greatly hindered the progress of the part}*, who refused to leave him. He was dragged painfull}' along on a sledge b}' his comrades till he succumbed on Feb- ruary 17th. Captain Gates, of the In- niskilling Dragoons, was injured, and realising that all must perish if they tried to save him, quietly walked forth to his death in the furious blizzard. Captain Scott, Dr. Wilson and Lieuten- ant Bowers struggled onwards, but human endurance could bear no more and on March 27 they died in their sleeping bags in the tent which shel- tered them from the fierce winds and extraordinary cold, which were to- gether responsible for the tragic ter- mination of a brilliant achievement. There they were found by the search party eight months later — Novembei loth, 1912 — and the}- lie buried 'neath a cross raised b}' their sorrowing com- rades. -There let us hope they will re- main, the cross a silent monument to those who have greatly dared and greatly won, counting not the cost if they could but add somewhat to the advancement of science, the elucida- tion of the unknown. Captain Scott's diar}^ will alwa}'s be one of the most re- markable documents in exploration literature, and the wa}^ in which these dying men clung to their scientific re- cords and specimens is perhaps the most touching thing in the whole in- spiring story of self-sacrifice. Further Toll of the Antarctic. A further tragedy has occurred m the Antarctic, which ice-girt land is in- deed exacting a heavy toll on those who are endeavouring to read its secrets. Dr. Mawson reported b}' wire- less from the headquarters of the Aus- tralian Antarctic Expedition, Common- wealth Ba}-, Antarctica, via Macquarie Island, that two of his comrades had lost their lives. These were Lieutenant Ninnis and Dr. Mertz. The former, an Englishman, had been engaged in sur- vey work, the latter, a Swiss, was an expert in the use of skis, and had bio- logical experience. Both had"- been in Antarctic regions before. Dr. Maw- son's expedition originally consisted of thirty-two men, five from South Aus- tralia, five from Victoria, nine from New South Wales, four from New Zea- land, and one each from Queensland and Tasmania. The rest of the part}- were Europeans. The expedition is unique in that it has been in communi- cation with the world by means of wireless, a station having been estab- lished at Macquarie Island when the the Aurora took the expedition south in December, 191 1. Dr. Mawson con- templates remaining another winter on Adelie land. The End of the Food Taxers. At a time when the Unionist party had most need of showing a united front to the Government during the discussions of the Home Rule Bill, it was rent in twain by a fierce controversy over the questions of Tariff Reform and Prefer- ence. The dissensions in the party had been smoothed over by Mr. Balfour, who stated that no alteration in th? fiscal policy of Great Britain would take place until the question had been submitted to the electors by referen- dum. Mr. Ronar Law threw over this pledge, and proposed that the colonial States should give their suggestions. This idea was unanimously scouted throughout the Empire. I was in Lan- Review of Reviews, U3f 13. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. 17 cashire at the time, and noted the de- spair of local Unionists when their leaders stated that tariff reform was to be the ftrst plank of their platform. The Northern Unionists will never stand it, they declared, nor have they. The Bolton election called an imperative halt to the leaders, who appear to have thought food taxes not onh^ necessar}' but popular. For some weeks the party was reft by dissensions, rumours of Mr. Law's and Lord Lansdowne's re- si'jnations were on every tongue, but finally emerged a more or less united company, which had definite!}- aban- doned any idea of a tax on food stuff, and professed unbounded confidence in Mr. Bonar Law as leader. True, he is now the onl}- possible head of the dis- tracted part}", but the country can have little faith in a man who so often would and then he wouldn't. He himself told a stor}- some time ago which only too ironicall}' fits his own position now. " I remember," said he, " hearing a man who was seen following a band of rob- bers, and was asked b}- a friend, ' Wh}' are you following these men?' ' I must follow them,' he said, ' I am their leader.'" Austin Chamburlain Beaten. In a speech to his constituents — manl}-, and even pathetic — Mr. Cham- berlain confessed hmiself a beaten man. Although he himself stood b}' the old flag, he had to admit a wide- spread movement throughout the coun- try for the abandonment of food taxes. This throwing overboard of any sug- gestion of a duty on foodstuffs has •practicall}' killed Preference. Tariff reformers ha\e alwa}"s been pledged not to put an}' dut}' on raw products such as wool, cotton, iron ore, etc., and now any scheme for taxing grain, meat and other edibles has been squashed. The}' can now onl}' advo- cate a tariff on manufactured articles which the}' have admitted is in itself of little value. If protection were definitely out of tlie way, " not only dead," as Beaconsfield said, " but damned," the Unionist party's chances at the next election should be brighter. To judge from tlie b}'e-election at Chorley, where the Tor}' majorit}' was materially reduced, the electors do not put over much faith in the declared abandonment of taxes on food b}' the Tory chiefs, and regard it merely as a political move. One thing is certain, with the millstone of tariff reform round its neck, the Unionist part}' can never hope to reach the liaven of office. The Insurance Act. The Insurance Act, which Mr. Bonar Law declared could never come into operation, has got well under weigh. Last }'ear it was pa}', pay, pay, and much dissatisfaction was expressed, but this }'ear the benefits not only to employees, but also to employers, are already making the Act popular. Sel- dom has any measure been subjected to such fierce criticism and gross mis- representation, but Mr. Llo}'d George sat tight, and won through. Everyone who has studied the Act realised that directl}' the benefits began to be ex- perienced, the opposition clamour against it would collapse like a pricked bubble. Xo fewer than 14,000,000 per- sons are insured under the Act. The cost to the State this }'ear is about /"4, 000, 000, tlie workers and emplo}ers between them paying ^^14, 000, 000. The opposition of the doctors has been overcome. To secure their co-opera- tion V as another remarkable achie\"e- ment of the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, whose reputation as a con- ciliator was unique when at the Board of Trade. Home Rule for Ireland. The third reading of this much-dis- cussed measure, passed the House of i8 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1911 Commons by the decisive majorit}- of no. It then went to the House of Lords, where it had short shrift. Their Lordships also vetoed the Welsh Church Disestablishment Bill, which passed the Lower House with d majority of 107. The Parliament Act of 191 1 provides that a Bill whi-'a passes through the House of Commons in three successive sessions, wheth.^r in the same Parliament or not, and is rejected by the Lords, may become an Act without the consent of the Upper House, provided that two years have elapsed between the date of the second reading when first passed, and the date it passes finally. This means, that if the present Government remains in power, these Bills will become law early in 191 5. Until that date Mr. Asquith can count upon the soHd support of the Irish party in the House. Hitherto, the Prime Minister has been twitted by the Opposition with receiving his orders from Mr. Redmond ; he now, in the nature of things, has the Nationalist leader in his pocket. WHO'S AFRAID? (Reproduced by arrangement with the Proprietors of Punch, I>oncloii.) Labour Unrest at Home. Last }ear it was anticipated that much labour unrest would be shown in Great Britain during 191 3. Everything is booming at home, and demands by workmen, when orders were flowing in, and had to be completed, were likel>" to be granted. The prophets appear to have been correct, and trouble is al- ready' beginning. The difficulties on the railways at home are chiefly due to the refusal of many of the companies to recognise the Railwa>-men's Unions. It is significant to note, though, that it is on the North-Eastern Railway- where the Unions are recognised, that most troubles occur, followed gener- all}' b\- strikes. The present crisis is on the Midland Railway, over the dis- missal of a guard. This is to be made a test case, and will, perhaps, involve a general strike of railwa}' workers, which will paralyse the entire trade of the country. A week's strike will dis- organise industry entirel)' for a month, and its effects will be felt throughout the year. The difficulty confronting the Union executives is, that whilst all en- lightened officials desire to arrive at settlement by negotiation, their mem- bers are not disposed to follow this advice. A local strike takes place — against tlie express instructions o"" the executive — and immediately the whole Union is dragged in. This was the case in the shipbuilding strike recentl\', which resulted in a lock-out ; in the " right-to-get-drunk " railway strike of last year, and, indeed, in most of the recent strikes, except that of the miners. Workmen at home are more and more refusing to be guided b\' their own chiefs, and the results must be disas- trous to them. Northumberland coal miners threaten to strike against the three-shift system, which is the direct result of the Eight Hours Act, passed Review of Bevieus. 1/3113. PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. 19 owing to pressure from the men them- selves. This Act, by the wa}-, is now by no means popular with them. There will, it is feared, be a general strike in the shipbuilding trade, if the men get out of hand, or the negotiations which will shortly take place between their executive and the masters prove futile. The White Slave Traffic. The Criminal Law Amendment Act, which became law last year because of pressure brought to bear on the Government by those who regarded its passing as the best and most suitable memorial to my father, has already had gratifying results in England. The great number of prosecutions which have taken place under the Act is suffi- cient proof that the Amendment in the law was badly needed. The British capital has been for years a clearing house for the abominable and brutal traffickers who, before the passing of the Act, were almost immune from ar- rest or punishment. Hundreds of these procureurs and pimps have fled the country, for the cat has more terror to them than imprisonment, and the Courts at home have been availing themselves of the new provisions, which authorise tl e infliction of corporal punishment, m addition to incarcera- tion. The maximum sentence allowed is two years' hard labour, and at last a wholesome dread for their own crimi- nal skins has taken possession of these shameless men and women. The Act did not contain provision for further raising the age of consent, which has remained at sixteen }'ears, to which it was increased from thirteen, as a direct result of my father's Maiden Tribute campaign in 1885. Ere long, though the efforts of those who are endeavour- ing to protect the womanhood of Britain promises to be successful, and when a Bill dealing with this matter is imally introduced, it will became law, despite the efforts of Sir Frederick Banbury and his ilk to shelve any such reform ior all time. South African Crisis. General Botha, finding it impossible to continue in office any longer with General Hertzog, resigned in Decem- ber. It is an open secret that the two men never spoke to one another, so bit- ter was the feeling between them. Lord Gladstone asked Botha to form an- other Government, which he succeeded in doing, but General Hertzog imme- diately began a campaign against the polic}' of his former colleagues. He was joined by General de Wet and other leaders of the back-block Boers. I found a general anticipation in Cape- town that Botha's stop-gap Government would manage to hold together till the elections, but would not survive the poll. None of the three parties would have a clear majority, and a coalition would have to be formed under the leadership of General Botha. The chief difference between the Premier and his quondam colleague is that, whilst Botha is all for Imperial unity and the welding of Dutch and English into one nation, Hertzog desires the Taal pre- served, taught in schools and used in the Law Courts, and generally is in favour of emphasising rather than ex- tinguishing racial differences. He has a solid following amongst the farming Boers. The Federal Elections. It has been at last arranged that the Federal Elections are to take place on May 31st. The Liberals have a programme, but guard it very jealously and do not propose to discover it to the expectant electors until a couple of months before the poll takes place. This seems a short-sighted policy, for to be merely negative and anti-every- 20 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, lOli thing, is never a winning line to take, and causes electors to assume merely a desire for office on the part of the " outs." The fight will be in effect between Unification and the present Federation as provided for by the Con- stitution, and will rage chiefly over the both sides, which differ so greatly as to add materiall\" to the general con- fusion. I hope next month to publish an entirel}' impartial summar}' of the Federal financial situation, which will enable readers to get a true idea of the real position. GE^'EJIAI- BOTHA OX THE STEPS OF HIS HOUSB IX PRETORIA. [Topical. In front: General Louis Botha and Mrs. Botha. Behind: Mr. Gert. Botha (brother of General) and Mrs. St^eyue (sister of Mrs. Botha). Referenda. The financial excursions of the present Government are sure to l)e fiercely attacked. It is difficult to grasp what present Federal commit- ments will ultimatel}- involve, or to dis- cover the actual state of affairs at the Exchequer to-da\-. Plent>' of figures and statistics are being produced b}' The New High Court Judges. The latest appointments to the High Court Bench came as a surprise, but not as a sensation. Persistent rumours, some of them ugl\' ones, had prepared the public for more than a surprise, but as has often happened during the life- time of tlie present Commonwealth Gov- Review of Reviews. 113113. PROCRFSS OF THE WOAVD. 21 ernmeiit, there came a pleasant dis- appointment. The Government are to be congratulated on both the method and character of the appointments. None of them is open to the charge of a political appointment, and in each case the distinction is deserved. Both Mr. Justice Powers and Mr. Justice Piddington are natne-born Australians. Mr. Powers, who is 60 years of age, and ten \'ears senior to Mr. Piddington, is a native of Queensland. Mr. Pidding- ton is a native of Bathurst. There are other similarities of circumstance. Mr. Powers is an old Brisbane Grammar School boy, and Mr. Piddington an old S}'dney Grammar School boy. Both were abroad when then- appointments were announced. Mr. Powers was in London, engaged in the preparation of the case of the Commonwealth Govern- ment in the Coal Vend and Sugar Com- mission cases. Mr. Piddington was on holiday in Europe, but is understood to be on his wa\' home. Apart from the three gentlemen appointed — viz., Messrs. Justices Duff}-, Powers and Piddmgton — we have it on the author- ity of the Attorney-General that Sh- John Gordon, of South Australia, was the only gentleman who was offered the honour. Which Gauge? Mr. Fisher on February 12th turned the first sod at the Kalgoorlie end of the projected transcontinental railway which will ere long connect Western Australia with the Eastern States. The Prime Minister did not refer to what is really the most vital question, namely, the gauge to be used on the railway, no doubt considering it fully settled. Unless future generations use other methods of tra\el tlian railways, they will greatly censure those who decided on the English 4 ft. 8A m. gauge. No one who has journeyed from Sydne\' to Melbourne — merely desiring to be as comfortable as possible, and unbiassed by State patriotism — but would x'ote every time for the wide 5 ft. 3 in. gauge which makes possible the roomy carriages of Victoria. Such a traveller, if he had been in America, would have heard the bitter lament of railway men, that the 4 ft. 8| in. gauge was universal there, and that its maximum load was now reached. Would have heard their comments, too, on a new country which might ha\'e profited by their experience, and adopted a wider gauge, but thinking rather of present expediency than of future generations, had thrown away the chance. Our traveller, ignorant of State jealousies, or mileage to be con- verted, and looking only to the con- venience of posterity, would, without hesitation, advise the wider gauge for Australia, and answer the objections of whatever States have not got it by contending that alterations which were to benefit the whole Commonwealth sliould be paid for by all Australians, no matter in what State they lived. The question is one in which the de- velopment of this great country is largely bound up. Sitting Tight. The political winds in New South Wales may blow where they list, but the McGowen Government are evidently bent on sitting tight, and running the full length of their constitutional term until the Spring. No Government ever sat upon a more slender majority, and e\en Mr. Speaker Willis, whose acro- batic politics gave Mr. McGowen his first sense of security, is reported to have declared that the Government no longer represent a majority of the elec- tors, and should, according to all the laws of precedence, resign. At present Parliament is enjoying a long recess, 22 REVIEW OE REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. •a s T3 bn bD t3 O IS o o s 0 C •-7 t .. i l_J OQ >* 4; > ■-3 OD 4> & B -•-1 ci w ^ il. 3 a- cs'' O, "=* « £ .,_, QJ t- c - ci •« ^ o ""^_ *^ 00 ^ Eh "o C H .?5 inPQ~ r; -^ ♦J . C OB - 0/ -!^- ■3.2 i I. » 6« O'-'C 0/ SrV3 r 3 CO^ c3 0 E ^ i- •= *"^ n a t C s- '53 pa-" * . >> g . >^ -051? .- s- . ^ -y^s >> '— .SJ^=t 1 ^^^ 3 -a ^^s ♦^ o (tt Pecicw of Revicirs, 1/3113. PROGRESS OF THE WOR/.D. that most soothing and convenient of all situations for harassed and per- plexed Go\ernments. It will be a com- parati\el}- eas_\- task for Ministers, when Parliament reassembles in May or June, to keep things moving until the balance of their three years' term shall ha^'e expired. Meantime, the recess is being chiefl}' occupied b}' the Govern- ment in attempting to allay party dis- sension. The Political Laljour Leagues have taken up a most aggressive atti- tude towards their Parliamentar}' re- presentatives, and the air is thick with dust. As, however. Ministers have hitherto li\'ed on conferences and con- ciliations, it should not be difficult for them to weather the storm, and the chances are that in the rush and tumble of a general election, all differ- ences will be forgotten. So far as the general bodv of electors is concerned everybod}^ seems to be ingloriously oc- cupied in making tlie most they can for themselves out of the prevailing com- mercial prosperity, that such trifling questions as constitutional or unconsti- tutional Government utterly fail to stir their blood. The Dominions' Commission. The members of this important Com- mission arrived in Melbourne on Feb- ruary 17, and were accorded a civic welcome. Their report upon what they learn m Australasia may be of great and permanent benefit to us here. The objects for which it was created are best told m the words of Sir Edgar Vincent (the chairman), himself. He said: Our mission is to visit the ter- ■ ritory of all the autonomous govern- ments, to consult there with the authorities of trade and commerce, and with the representatives of the Domin- ions, and then to lay before the next Imperial Conference the result of our deliberations. Our object is not to con- tend in the arena, but to sit with \-ou in the gate of Empire, and there to hold converse and high counsel with }'ou. If, as the result of our mission, something is not achieved which brings Australia even closer to the mother country than .she is to-day, something which contributes in a notable degree to the development of your splendid re- sources, and to the increase of \"our commerce, then, indeed, we shall have failed. But we look to the assistance, to the guidance, and to the wisdom of \our statesmen to help us to avert any such catastrophe. Lay before us freely what facilities you require for the furthering of the commerce of the Empire, what assistance may be most of use in bringing )-our lands to bear fruit, and }^our mines to yield up their riches, and we, as far as in us lies, will endeavour to obtain for you that which you desire. Give us your ideas, set be- fore us }our problems, and suggest solutions. Whatever tends to the greatness of the Empire, and the ad- vancement of your prosperity, will com- mand our read\' ear, and is assured of our most earnest consideration. We desire to increase, in an especial de- gree, inter-Imperial trade, and to devote our most strenuous efforts to the de- velopment of the commerce that binds }-ou to the old countr\-, to the self- governing Dominions, and to the rest of the Empire of our King. me New Naval College. Before a representative gathering, on March ist at North Geelong, Lore Denman declared Osborne House, tht temporary Naval College, open. It wai an interesting and most significani occasion. This is tlie first training col lege for bo}-s destined to be officers ir the King's Nav\- to be founded in Aus tralasia, and the second in the Empir< outside Britain, tliat at Halifax, ir r4 PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. m«'-^'' J. wis- Canada, having the honour of being the get it from the hmited vocabulary of hrst. From it officers will be gradu- the bushmen, a race no one delights ated into the ships of the Australian to honour? If Canberra is to be aban- Navy. As Captain Chambers, the doned it should onl}- be in favour of t Commandant of the College, pointed name which is in some wa}- connected out, we can build a Dreadnought with the founding of the Common- in twent\"-four months, but it takes wealth. No one took so prominent a ten }'ears of arduous training to part as to be regarded as its creator, produce an officer capable of com- We had no need of a Washington to manding her. Australia is building bring our nation into being, so in the ships, she is now beginning to build uaming our capital we have not the the men. To judge from the twent\- advantage of our American cousins, eight cadet-midshipmen now studying Melbourne was called after Lord Mel- at the College, she has splendid mate- bourne, who happened to be Prime rial at her command. It was gratif>- Minister of Great Britain when the city ing to learn from Lord Deninan that ^^as founded, just as Sydney had been the Australian cadets being trained in named after Lord Sydney 49 years England are doing so splendidl\-, and earlier. Why not follow these exam- that New Zealand w^U probabl>- send ples and perpetuate in the new city boys to the Australian College. The the name of the famous statesman who cost of training is Iwrne by the Com- \\as at the head of the Imperial Gov- monwealth, and the boys are carefully ernment when Federation was consum- selected from a very large number of mated, and call it "Salisbury"? The candidates. Command of the sea must city of Salisbur\- in the old country has become as vital to Australia as it now played a prominent part in the histor\' is to Britain, that secure, other defen- of the race, in some respects its re- sive preparation sink into comparative nown was second only to that of Win- insigniftcance. It is good to know Chester in mediaeval history ; whilst that adequate provision will soon be the men who have borne that name made at Jervis Ba\' for training man\- have always played a large part in Im- more naval officers than Osborne House perial affairs from the da>s of Eliza- can accommodate. The ceremony, beth to those of Victoria. The man who trivial in itself, was >et the visible sign first discovered Australia is not known, of Australia's determination to man- Those who left records of their visits, fully do her share in the defence of the De Torres and Pelsart, were not Bn- Empire. tish explorers, and nether Dampier nor The Bush Capital. ^^""^^ Flinders nor Phillips was suft^- The spot where the Federal Capital cientl\- outstanding to warrant his is to be created iiaving been finalh- being sponsor to Australia's new capi- tixed upon, the name of the new cit\- is ^^^ ^"t Salisbur\- would be a good now troubling our politicians and ^^ame if Canberra must be relin- others throughout the Commonwealth, q^^^hed. Yass is, of course, an impossibihty. a South Seas Novelist, but Canberra is surely better than an\ The deatii oi Louis Becke. whose other that could be invented, and it books, more than any other novehst. has the great advantage of being actu- have identified him with the poetry and ally the true name of the spot. If a romance of the South Seas, occurred new name is to be found, why try and in Sydney, on Februarv i8th'. He died Renru- of Rcvicu-s.l/3!l3. J^ROGR/'ISS OF THE WO'iLD. suddenly in a chair in his room at the hotel where latterly he had lived, with the manuscript of an unfinished shon story King on a table in front of him. Mr. Becke was a native of Port Mac- quane, Xew .South Wales, where he was born m 1855. The spirit of adventure was born in him, and when only four- teen years of age he went to sea with his brother in a schooner bound to San Francisco. It was on this trip that he got his first taste of the South Sea Islands, and though on his return from San Francisco he sought employment in a merchant's office, the call of the sea was too strong to resist, and he soon embarked on a trading venture to the Caroline and Pelew Islands. This adventurous experience ended, Becke tried his fortunes on the new goldfields m Queensland, but two years of this life sufficed, and returning to Sydney, he bought a little cutter, and sailed for Samoa to re-enter the trading business Later he joined the notorious " Bull}' " Hayes on the brig "Leonora." He re- garded those da}'s with Ha\-es. as re- cruiter and supercargo, as the halcyon time of his life. They gave him his material for most of his books. No man knew the South Sea Islands better than Becke, and the success of the thirty odd books which he published, testifies to the good use he made of his know- ledge and experiences, and to his abilit\ as a writer. The Primate. The xAnglican Primate, Archbishop Wright, is on his \va\' to England, partly for a holiday, and parti}- to un- dertake important business for his Church. Dr. Wright's brief occupancy of the important See of Sydney, and the still more important position of Primate of Australia, has already re- vealed him as a strong man, and an able ecclesiastical statesman. He came to Svdne\- at a time when things were considerabl_\- at sixes and sevens in the S>'dne_v diocese, and when the Church badl}- wanted a bold, strong leader. He has more than fulfilled expectations. The prestige of the Church has been raised, new life and vigour have been imparted to the \arious activities of the Churcli, and the clergy and people alike are facing a fuller and brighter horizon. There is nothing spectacular about the .Archbishop. He is a man of thoroughness, a man of initiative, and he believes in hard work. In adminis- trative ability he stands high above his predecessors. He unites to perfec- tion the suaviter hi modo with the fortiter in re. But in everything he is the captain on the bridge — the general in oommand, and his }'ea is _\ea ar.d na)', nay. Uniting the Churches. A very significant movement was in- augurated at a dinner given b_\- Mr. H. E. W'ooton to representative lea- ders of nonconformit}' in \'ictoria. His proposal is to hold a convention this \-ear with the object of devising a practical scheme for the federation, or actual union, of the Churches. That the time is ripe for closer working arrangements between the religious sects is obvious. Regrettal)le overlap- ping can easih- be a\ oided, but whether actual union can be brought about is an<3ther matter. Federation or affilia- tion avoids the questions of property, education and interchangeability of ministers, which aie rocks a straight- out union would have difficulty in avoiding. The suggested convention would do much good, even if it does not quite attain all the objects and dreams of its earnest promoters. But it must have a strong lead from the Committee which has been formed to organise it. Federation is in the air throughout the English-speaking world. At home it is being discussed in a 26 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. J^arc/i i, ivis. practical way, but it is m America this means one denomination yields a where the most remarkable results church in one place for the sake of have been achieved. The Federal strengthening another church of an- Council of Churches of Christ in Am- Qthej. denomination ; and in return the erica has just held an important ses- ^^^^^ denomination vields a church in sion m Chicago. Its 350 delegates another place for the sake of strength- came from thirty-two Protestant de- . , , r ,1 r . 1 ... , „ . , ening a church or the nrst denomma- nominations, including the Episcopal, . t i- 1 11 1 J .. J 1 ^1 ■ ^ tion. It did much else, and no one and represented no less than sixteen . ... . c .,,. f 1 I T-i • , ,1 interested m the great question or millions or people! Ihis great gather- ^ , . ,,/->,, cc j i. , , , . rederatmg the Churches can ariord to ing was preceded b}' an immense , . , , , , 1 • , ^ r ,. . 1 -TL ignore the practical methods bv which amount or preliminary work. Ihe re- , ■ . suit was that it did things. It created '° "^"^^ ^^" ^^^" achieved m America. a system which enables overlappmg ^ ^"^ summary of this " Combination to be avoided, came to an arrange- m Religion " is given by Ernest Hamil- ment of reciprocal exchange by which ^o" Abbott in the " Outlook." I will two denominations agree to substitute ^e glad to send copies of his article to for two weak churches of each kind those who are really prepared to push one strong church of each kind. By on the federation movement. OUR NEXT NUMBER-READY MARCH 31st. W. T. STEAD : BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. — FEDERAL FINANCE. — WAR IN THE AIR. The Leading Articles, History of the Month in Caricature, Books of the Month and Character Sketch will be preserved in future issues, and the Topics of the Month, under which heading I shall publish articles upon live subjects, will be revived. I have hitherto absoluteh' refused to write a line about mv father. Our rela- tions were so close, 1 was the only member of his family in the business, and went with him ever\\vhere, that I shrank from writing of him. So many people, though, have a quite wrong impression of his real character that I feel it incum- bent upon me as far as possible to give a true picture of him to ni}' readers. Our next issue will appear just about a )ear after the fatal voyage of the J itanic, and although I do not propose in an)- way to make it a memorial number, I shall publish in it the first of a short series of papers telling of his intimate life as I knew it. During the next few months several hitherto unpublished articles by my father will appear in the magazine. In the AjDril issue there will be an account that he wrote of his famous interview with the present Sultan shortly after he had succeeded to the throne of Abdul Hamid. This interview has peculiar interest just now, when the Turkish Empire in Europe is tottering to its fall. I hope to continue publishing articles by Mr. Jobson, who is rapidly making a name for himself as a writer on financial matters in the Sydney Sim and other papers. Mr. Gardiner will contribute some of his wonderful pen pictures of notable men, and special articles upon topical subjects will be given each month. In April there will be an impartial article summing up the true posi- tion of Federal finance, a really vital question about which most people seem to be hopelessly befogged Another interesting contribution will deal with the next war, and what the possession of air-craft will mean. Altogether it will be a number of commanding interest. H.S. Bevieio of Bevicws, l/S/i?. 27 THE NEW PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. THOMAS WOODROW WILSON. BY ALFRED G. GARDINER. It was on the eve of the Lynde de- bate, and all Princetown University was alive with anticipation. Not that there was any serious doubt as to who would win the coveted prize, for young Woodrow Wilson had established his that tlie man who would have van- quished him was too scrupulous to ar- gue a case against his own convic- tions. The nicident is typical of the man, whose dramatic emergence from a reputation as the first debater of the learned obscurity to the most power- University, and his victory was as- ful position in the world of affairs is sured. But the event was new, and the interest in it had something of attraction of ring or of a the the baseball m a t ch. Each of the two halls furnished re- presentatives for the competition, the choice being determined b y preliminary d e- bate. The subject of this preliminary debate in Whig Hall was " Free Trade v. Protec- tion," and the com- petitors were given their parts by lot. The hat went round, and Wilson took out a slip. It bore the word " Protection." He tore up the paper and declined to debate. He was a keen Free Trader, and not even as a mere dialectical exercise would he con- sent to advance arguments in which he did not believe. Robert Bridges therefore became Whig Hall's represen- tative, and in the debate he was beat'^n by Halsey, the Clio's representative, who attributed his victory to the fact HON WOODKOW WILSON, iiau^tiratei! Pi-esident of the United States Mil Maroli 4 iqi3 not merely an event, but a por- tent. Dr. Wilson's earliest memory is of two men meet- ing on that great day, fifty - two years ago, on which Abraham Lincoln was elect- ed President, and hearing one say to the other, " This means war." Since that day there has been no Presiden- tial election so charged with sig- nificance as that of November last. It means that Amer- ica is " finding it- self " — that it is emerging from the squalor into which its politics have fallen. There is hope for a people when it can distinguish true metal from false. Dr. Wilson is the first great coin struck in the mint of American politics for ha I f a contury. A MASTEIU'XX MAN. It is one of the ironies of nature — against which he humorously protests — that he should in feature so closelv ?8 REVIEW OE REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. resemble Joseph Chamberlain. \\'he- ther in full face or in urofile, the suocfes- tion is irresistible. There is the same low, broad brow, the same deep fold of the upper eyelid that gives so pene- trating an effect to the glance, the same challenging nose — that type of nose on which, as Hazlitt said, the younger Pitt " suspended the House of Commons " — the same full lips of the rhetorician. Only about the mouth is there a difference. Mr. Chamber- lain's mouth is relentless. It gives no relief to the combative character of the face. But around Dr. ^^'ilson's mouth there play the lines of gaiety and laughter — the insignia of one who loves a little nonsense now and then, delights in limericks and droll stories, IS fond of play and a good song. " Even a reformer," he says, " need not be a fool." And even a professor need not be a dull dog. And the world is never dull when President Wilson bursts into it. For one thing, there is sure to be a glee club, for he loves singing as much as debating. But in spite of many marked differ- ences of temperament and outlook, that likeness to Mr. Chamberlain re- presents one fundamental affinity. The keynote of both is a certain hard masterfulness. There are many ways of being masterful. Gladstone was masterful with a sort of God-like authority. To oppose him was to break the tables of the law. He was clothed with the thunders of Sinai ; the very heavens seemed aflame with sympathetic lightnings. You felt yourself a miserable worm squirming before high heaven. Mr. Lloyd George is the one masterful man in English politics to-day ; but his masterfulness exhibits itself in an astonishing suppleness. He is like Cobbold used to be on the football field. He gets the ball at his toe, and threads his way amid the crowd of opponents, darting, dashing, turning, twisting, but never losing his mastery of the ball, or his vision of the goal — a miracle of coolness and agility. Pre- sident Wilson's masterfulness is like that of Mr. Chamberlain — hard, comba- tive, direct ; no compromise, no conceal- ment, no finesse, but smashing drives straight from the shoulder. THE BATTLE OF PRINCETON. Take that case which first revealed to America that a man was in its midst. He had just emerged defeated from his memorable struggle to convert Princeton University from " the best country club " in the United States into a great instrument of scholarship and demo- cracy. He was defeated by the million- aires. What !> Make a gentleman chum with a mucker 'f Break down the club system which divided the University into gentlemen and rankers? Degrade the old nobility of pork by association with penniless brains? Never, NEVER. XE\'ER ! The millionaires charged in the sacred name of dollars — charged and won. " The country is looking to us as men who prefer ideas to money." said Dr. Wilson, with bitter irony. " After all, we are mistaken ; we prefer raone}' to ideas." It was a glorious de- feat : its fruit is that to-da)', four years later, the victim of the millionaires is President of the United States. They have beaten him in a skirmish only to find that they have made him their ruler with the legions of American democrac}- al his back. Life has great as well as little ironies, and the revenges of time are stranger than dreams. EX-SENATOR SMITH. But to return to the episode. The conflict had made him famous in the State, and now just when his career at Princeton seemed ended in failure he received an invitation to become the Democratic candidate for the Governor- ship of New Jersey. Dr. Wilson was puzzled. Ex-Senator Smith was the boss of the Democratic machine, and the synonym of corrupt politics, and against him and all his works Dr. Wil- son had waged unceasing war. What did this mean ? Was ex-Senator Smith hojiing to get back to the l"^nited States Senate under cover of Wilson's high re- putation ? He would see. Yes, he said, he would stand on one condition — that Smith did not. " Were he to do so while I was Governor," he said, " I should ha\e to oppose him. He repre- sents e\ery thing repugnant to my con- Beview of Reviews, 113113. T//E XEW PRI:SIDEXT. 29 victions." Oh, certainly not — nothing was further from the mind of the bosses. Moreover, Smith was too un- well to be a candidate. Dr. Wilson stood and captured the Governorship, which had been held for years by the Republicans. And on the same day James E. Martine was elected in the " primary " as Senator. The way was clear : enter to the Governor ex-Senator Smith, a gentleman of hne manners and great cunning. The simple professor would, he felt, be putty in his hands. He spoke discreetly of his past, and of the improvement in his health. He thought he was well enough to seek re- election to the Senate. Wilson was stiff. The primar}' had elected Martine, and there was nothing for the Legislature to do but ratify that election. " The primary was a joke," said Smith. "It was very far from a joke," said the Governor-elect. " But assume that it was. Then the way to save it from being a joke hereafter is to take it seriously now. It is going to be taken seriously, and there will be no more jokes. Unless I hear from you by the last mail delivery on Thursday that you abandon this intention, I shall announce my opposition to vou on Friday morn- ing." WILSON V. THE MACHINE. The letter did not come ; instead an appeal for delay. No delay : the de- nunciation appeared on Friday, and Wilson, no" waiting for the meeting of the Legislature, went direct to the people and in a series of great meetings called on them to see that their repre- sentatives carried out the will of the people declared at the primary. It was the first great challenge to the machine of the bosses. The legislators were paralysed between the gay defiance of this political novice and the dread of the machine. " Do not allow yourselves to be dismayed," said the Governor. "You see where the machine is en- trenched, and it looks like a real for- tress. It looks as if real men were in- side, as if they had real guns. Go and touch it. It is a house of cards. Those are imitation generals. Those are play- things that look like guns. Go and put }Our shoulder against the thing and it collapses." They did ]nit their shoul- ders against it and it did collapse. The Legislature elected Martine to the Senate by 40 \otes to Smith's four. And now you know wh}- " Boss " Croker, on being asked during a recent visit to America what he thought of W'oodrow Wilson, said, "An ingrate is no good in politics." The machine had adopted the schoolmaster as a tool : it had found him its master. HIS REAL PASSION. But the mistake indeed was in sup- posing that Woodrow Wilson was an amateur politician. He is, indeed, the most fully-equip]:)ed politician in America. His whole career as student, as lawyer, and as professor had been governed by the deliberate ]Turpose of qualifying for public life. And it was an English journalist who gave him his bent. It is true that his origins pointed to affairs. His grandfather Wilson had emigrated from Belfast, his grandfather Woodrow from Scot- land. They and their families were all Presbyterians, and those who were not journalists were Presbyterian ministers. Scot — and Irish-Scot — Press and pulpit — is there any more natural or formid- able combination for public life?^ But it was the discover}-, in the " Gentle- man's Magazine," when he was an undergraduate at Princeton in the seven- ties of a series of articles on English .<- / HOT ON THE TRAIL (The Democratic plan calls for an immediate beginning of the task of tcirilT revision) Prom the Tribune (South Bend, Indiana) 3° REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913, Parliamentary life by the " Member for the Chiltern Hundreds," that determined his career. The writer of those articles that made an American President is still in the gallery of the House of Com- mons. He is a small man, with white hair that stands on end, as if in per- petual astonishment at an incredible world. In fact, he is Sir Henry Lucy in private life and " Toby, M.P.," to all the world. RUNNING NEW JERSEY. Starting from these pictures of West- minster, Woodrow Wilson saturated himself in English political history. He wrote on Burke and Cobden and Bright. He went out into the woods to declaim the great music of Burke. He lost no opportunity of debating and directed all his college life to the mas- tery of politics. One of the numerous debating clubs he formed was fashioned on the lines of the British Parliament, for he had come to the conclusion that the swiftly responsive English system was right and that the divorce of the United .States Executive from the people's Chamber was a grave mistake. From all this it followed that when once in the saddle Woodrow Wilson swept through the lists like a tornado. Never had New Jersey or any other State seen such a Governor. Ele passed the Geran Bill and other measures, which broke the power of the bosses, re- stored election to the people, stopped corrupt practices, betting on elections, and treating by candidates, set up a public utilities commission to control all monopolies, provided automatic com- pensation to injured workmen, reorgan- ised the school system, the penal sys- tem, and the control of the food supply. The bosses were awed ; the Legisla- ture stampeded. On the eve of the pass- ing of the Geran Bill, James Nugent, ex-Senator Smith's lieutenant, made one more attempt at parley. He called to talk things over with the terrible Governor, and, findmg Wilson adam- ant, lost his temper. " I know you think you've got the votes," he exclaimed ; " I don't know how you got them." " What do you mean?" "I mean it's the talk of the State House that you got them by patronage." " Good afternoon, Mr. Nugent," and the Governor pointed tc> the door. " You're no gentleman," cried Nugent. "You're no judge," replied Dr. Wilson, still pointing to the door. THE FUTURE. And now, having fleshed his sword on the field of New Jersey politics, Woodrow Wilson faces the greatest pro- blem of statesmanship that the world has to offer — the problem of how to rescue government from the tyranny of the machine, which is controlled by the Trusts which in turn express ultimately the will of Pierpont Morgan, Rocke- feller, J. J. Hill, and a few other gigan- tic financiers, who are the "invisible power " that controls America. That power is an incident of an outgrown Constitution — one of those Constitu- tions that, as Woodrow Wilson says, " H you button them over the belly they split up the back." Or rather, it doesn't split : it strangles and suffocates. That Constitution has placed the legislature at the mercy of the Courts and both at the mercy of wealth — hence high tariffs and the triumphant rule of the millionaire. Can Woodrow Wilson break the giants as he broke ex-Senator Smith ^ Ts he the Perseus of this Wes- tern Andromedia ? He knows the pro- blem and has stated it with that lucidity which he shares with Mr. Chamberlain. " We have been calling our Govern- ment a Republic, and we have been liv- ing under the delusion that it is a re- presentative Government. That is the theory. But the fact is that we are not living under a representative Govern- ment : we are living under a Govern- ment of party bosses, who in secret con- ference determine what we shall have and what we shall not have. The first, the immediate, thing is to restore repre- sentative government." In a word, he starts to break the machine, to secure the direct representa- tion of the people as the first step to re- form. It is an heroic declaration of war against the greatest money power on earth. A PRACTICAL VISIONARY. It is not an idle declaration, for he is no demagogue. Mr. Roosevelt raises Beview of Reviews, 1/3/13. THE NEW PRESIDENT. clouds of dust ; but it is the dust of the circus. It is the dust of a real battle- field that Woodrow Wilson will raise. Like Rupert, he never rides but to con- quer or to fall. He is that rare com- bination, a thinker who loves action, a scholar and a man of affairs, one who reads Greek and writes shorthand, w^ho combines a luminous idealism with the practicality of a plumber and a sunny smile with a ruthless purpose. The glove is velvet, but the hand is iron. His courage mounts to any task ; but he has a scrupulous tidiness in small things. When he has finished writing he wipes his pen and ]:)uts the cloth back in the drawer. He has great energy ; but it is not the tumultuous energy of Mr. Roosevelt. It is dis- cipHned. " After all," he says, " life doesn't consist in eternally running to a fire." He has, what Mr. Chamberlain never had, what Mr. Lloyd George, with all his fine intuitions and democratic sym- pathies has not — a considered philo- sophy of politics. It is a philosophy warmed with a generous humanity and a sincere vision — " I am accused of being a Radical. If to seek to go to the root is to be a Radical, a Radical I am. After all, everything that flowers in beauty in the air of heaven draws its fairness, its vigour from its roots ; nothing living can blossom into fruitage unless through nourishing stalks deep-planted in the common soil. I'p from that soil, up from tha silent bosom of the earth rise the currents of life and energy. Up from the common soil, up from the great heart of the people, rise joyously to-day streams of hope and determina- tion that are bound to renew the face of the earth in glory. I tell you that the so-called Radicalism of our time is simply the effort of nature to release the generous energies of our peonle. This great American people is at the bottom just, virtuous and hopeful ; the roots of its being are in the soil of what is lovely, pure and of good report ; and the need of the hour is just that Radicalism that will clear a way for the realisation of the aspirations of a sturdy race. That is true eloquence and true vision. Mr. Chamberlain once had that note without the poetry. He lost it and lost himself. Perhaps that is why Pre- sident Wilson dislikes to be reminded of his likeness to the lost leader. Brooklyn Eagle. I'M NOT SUPEKS'nTIOUS." 32 EevieiD of Reviews, l/S/lS. TOPICS OF THE MONTH. I. THE MEN AND RELIGION FORWARD MOVEMENT We will shortly have amongst us two of the most remarkable men in the civic and religious life of America. They are Fred. B. Smith and Raymond Robins, who come as a deputation in connection with the wonderful Men and Religion Forward Movement, which has so gripped the men of the United States. This movement is the most symmetrical expression of evangelism in the history of the Church. It began with boyhood, and reached all phases of human life and experience, took the Gospel to workmen in shop and factory, and uses modern business methods to win business men to God. But, unlike many religious missions, it creates no new organisation ; it galvanises those already existing into quicker life, in- troducing new methods and ideas, which ha\e great results, when man- fully applied. W. T. STEAD' S DESCRIPTION. My father's last journey in April, 1912, was undertaken solely with the object of addressing the Convention, which was the culmmation of the For- v/ard Campaign throughout the States. Just before he sailed he wrote of it as follows : — "A very rernarkaVjle religious movement has been in progress during the winter in America, whir fi has at- tracted much too little attention in this country. For some time past it has been noted in the United States that the Churches are falling more and more into the hands of women. They say that, on an average, there are three women church members to one male. To arrest this tendency, and to restore the requisite rna^-;riih'ne element to popu- lar religion in tne States, a syndicate was formed, for the purpose of uniting evangelical churches in America, and of combining efforts to bring men and boys into the Church. Women, appar- ently, are left out of the movement alto- gether. It began last summer, with a representative conference at Silver Ba>', in the State of New York, whicli was attended by delegates from all parts of the Union. It was decided to hold a series of eight-day missions, having as their objective the reviving of the interest of men and boys in the work of the Church. The dominant idea of the promoters was to bring business methods into religion, and to work for the attainment of moral ends with the same energy, concentration, and common sense that are used in tlie making of a great fortune. Selected teams of speakers were sent to the various cities, with the object of get- ting the Churches into line in the first case, and in the second case for the getting of the men and boys into the Churches. The objects of the Men and Religion Forward Movement are divided under seven different heads: — (i) Mem- bership; (2) boys' work; (3) Bible- study; (4.) evangelism; C5) social ser- vice ; (6) home and foreign missions ; (7) inter-church work. The department of social service naturally appeals most to the world at large. The Social Institute programme is very comprehensive. It appeals to all our readers, because it is an attempt to realise on a national scale the ideals of our old rivic Church, plus a dis- tinctly evangelical element, which the civic Church movement lacked. I am £• Berieici, HSUS. TOPICS OF THE MOXTH. Ravi:: - i \ FEED. B. SMITH- interested and surprised to lind an almost entire absence of any allu- sion, direct or indirect, to the fact of existence after death. Th'^ ~. ^ -i~,-^^^ has been kind enough to a~ dress a convention, held under theu- auspices, on the 'World's Peace.' in Carnegie Hall. Xew York, on April 21. T expect to ]e?.^■e ^.v the " Titanic ' on April I I shall be back in London in May. ' This is not Mr. Fred. B. Smith's fi.rst visit to Australia. He was here in 1904, in which year we crossed the Pacihc to- gether. He was easily the most popular man on board. The life of the ship speedih- seemed to centre round him. At his first talk in the saloon on Sunda}'. the usual slack attendance on shipboard was only too evident, but on following Sundays it was impossible to accommodate those who wanted to hear his outspoken words. It was he who stopped gambling in the smoking room, but was ere long beloved by the ver^' men he reproved. A splen did raconteur his hearers always felt that here was a man whose every experi- ence was turned to account to heir others. A man's man is Fred B. Smith, whose influence over men is quite ex- traordinar}\ --^Les: ■ ' : r: : : ins ha; ' " :;_ - ■ 'r- ■ • - — r. His >:,.. -.e extreme : r ev for his own r sf ul business nian, « a- 7 l '-'-' the Bar wh^*" "ly 22. tra z .r„ :: -■vlondyke gc s and aliEost ' ~: -.s life : 13US Arctic ioumey. as whilst at Xome that ■ - .. ii^ed his agnosticism, and Cjc^ ?:onarv work. Wlien nuxsin? : i lever cases he caught the disease, and revered for weeks between life and aeath- On his recover}* he came '•^~ ~: "■ civilisation, and since then has e :ae of the world's most widelv known and influential Christian workers. These are the two men now on a world ■ :".r as a deputation from tlie Men Religion Forward Movement in America. They have already had mar- vellous meetings in Hawaii, are now in China, and reacli Brisbane early :n April. They spend seven days S}"dney. and six days in Melbonme, ui both cities civic receptions await them. Then they proceed to Soutji Africa, and reached England in July. WTier- ever these two men have gone they have had wonderful receptions, and Australian business men have now a chance of showing that warmth of wel- come thev know so well how to extend. RAYMOND ROBIXS 34 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1013. II.-HOW PRESIDENT WILSON'S ELECTION MAY AFFECT US. We are won't here to take but little interest in the internal politics of our cousins in the United States. But the arrival to power of the Democrats, after sixteen years sojourn in the cold shades of opposition, may soon have results which will force themselves upon our attention. We realise more and more each day that the balance of power in the Pacific is a matter of vital concern to us. At present the Americans occupy the Philippines, and consequently form a barrier between Australia and that Yellow Peril which so haunts the im- agination of our politicians. What if they withdrew from those islands? It is estimated that the occupation costs every man, woman and child in the States over los. a head per annum to maintain. One of the foremost planks in the Democratic platform is the grant- ing of independence to the Filipinos, as soon as a stable Government can be established. Such indej:)endence to be guaranteed by .American until the neutralisation of the islands can be secured by treaty with other powers. Although President Wilson, and, still more, Chief Secretary Bryan, are pledged to evacuation, they may find it almost impossible to reverse the Re- publican policy of the last ten years, which has been for permanent retention. Still they will try hard to follow the mandate of their party in this and other respects. IF AMERICA LEAVES THE PHILIPPINES. Our chief concern is how the disap- pearance of America from our side of the Pacific affects us. Obviously it would be followed by an entire altera- tion in her attitude to China. She now takes her place with the other great powers who have vital interests in or near the Celestial Republic. Once out of the Philippines, the main reason for her desire to influence Oriental politics will have gone. Her interest will no longer be personal. It will mean the disappearance of an important influence on the side of peace from Oriental councils. As long, however, as the Philippines are protected by the powers, it will be impossible for Japan, for in- stance, to discover that the Filipinos needed assistance in governing them- selves, but the moment a European war broke out the Philippines would ^e at the mercy of the strongest fleet, guaran- tee or no gviarantee. At present to annex the smallest island in the gr:)up would mean war with the United States. To annex the whole Archipelago if in- dependent would mean war with die whole world — or with nobody ; and a temporary occupation of harbours r>i;d ports during a general war would be almost inexitable. If we really do be- lieve in the Yellow Peril, anything which makes it easier for the Orientals to reach Australia is bound to affect us. We cannot, therefore, but hope that Pre- sident W^ilson will be unable to realise the Democratic desire in this case. WILL THE MONROE DOCTRINE BE ABANDONED ? Another plank of the Democratic Party is the abandonment of the ad- vanced application of the Monroe doc- trine, now recognised by the Republican Government? Logically, this means that America should no longer stand behind an)- Go\ernment or faction in South and Central America, but allow the people of those States to settle their own disputes in their own way ; that the United States should no longer take charge of the Customs houses and re- Venues of these Latin Republics to settle claims on them made by European Powers. If President Wilson does carry out the Democratic Party's expressed wishes in this matter, two things seem inevitable. The first is that there will at once be a recrudescence of revolutions in the smaller States. Control of the finances is the aim of every revolution- ary leader — at present the United States denies him this, and the chief cause and object of insurrection in a Latin Re- public has thus disappeared. The second is that if the United States no Pci-icw of Reviews, 1 131 13. rones OF the month. 35 longer assumes responsibility for the financial probity of these Latin States, she cannot object when European Powers use force to obtain satisfaction from defaulting Republics. This means the seizure of porls and capitals by foreign forces until debts are paid. Any slackening of the Monroe doctrine leaves the door open to temporary oc- cupation of territory in Central and South America by one or other of the Great Powers, and temporary occupa- tion has before now become permanent as, witness, Egypt and Tunis, Morocco and Tripoli. It is unthinkable that the United States would ever tolerate the definite establishment of a great power on the American Continent, but the abandonment of the wider application of the Monroe doctrine would inevitably make it more difficult for her to prevent this. The whole foreign policy of the United States may be reversed, but Aus- tralia would not be much affected ex- cept by the two radical changes men- tioned above. But a party in opposi- tion often pledges itself to definite action along lines which, when it comes to power, it finds quite impossible to follow. Thus it will doubtless be with the Philijipines, and the Monroe doc- trine. President Wilson will, however, carry out the downward revision of the tariff, which the increasing cost of liv- ing in the States makes imperati\e. His efforts will be watched with interest here, as in many ways the fiscal condi- tions of the States are similar to those obtaining in Australia. WHAT IS THE MONROE DOCTRINE? American statesmen have always care- full v avoided giving a definite declara- tion of what the Monroe doctrine really means. It is used when needed to suit any situation arising on the American Continent. It was originally promul- gated by President Monroe to keep Spain from seeking to reassert sove- reignty over her revolted colonies. It set forth that no power should be al- lowed to alter from outside the status quo then existing on the American Con- tinent. Internal upheavals might take place, but no foreign power was allowed to acquire any new territory in the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine has been extended and expounded until it may now mean protectorates over and regulation of such Latin American States as seem unable to continue their own affairs. It can be interpreted to mean that the LTnited States has taken the whole of the Western Hemisphere under her control, and says " Hands off " to the rest of the world. The Latin Republics do not like their foster-mother at all. They had rather manage — or mismanage — their own affairs. That this might lead to their ultimate annexa- tion b)' a great power leaves them cold. It is generally assumed, by the way, in South America, that the German fleet, which looms so large a bogie before British eyes, is intended for the inevit- able war with the United States when German)- makes her great effort to ob- tain a " place in the sun " on the Ameri- can Continent. III.-SHOOTING EXTRAORDINARY. The comparative gunnery trials be- tween tb.e " Thunderer " and the " Orion," the former fitted with Sir Percy Scott's fire director, resulted in a com- plete triumph for the former, says Gerard Fiennes, naval exj^ert in the Pall Mall Gazette. All the infor- mation obtainable leads to this con- clusion. Both ships fired under abso- lutely equal conditions as to weather and light ; there was a heavy sea run- ning, and the " Thunderer" put just six times as man\' shots on the target as the opposing ship. An e)e-witness says that nothing like it could be conceived. The salvoes of five shots from the 13.5 inch guns — in some rounds there may have been ten shots — fell absolutel}- as one, elevation and direction being iden- tical for all. Think what this means. If the ten guns of the broadside are fired together, it means plumping five and a half tons of metal filled with high explosive on a few feet of the enenn's hull. Could any ship in the world sur- vive it ?■ The range was, roughl\-, ten REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. thousand yards, or about five miles. Obviously, if all that is claimed for director-firing is borne out by experi- ■en'^e, naval battles are going to be the affair of a few minutes. The fleet which first gets into battle-formation and brings its broadside to bear, is going to knock its enem)- out without a chance of reply. WHAT THE SYSTEM IS. The details are, properly, kept a secret. It can only be said here that the principle is, fi.rst, the levelling of all guns on a common denominator, so to speak. It is calibrating carried out ad Jioc mstead of at three or six months' intervals. Secondly, it must be remem- bered that, natural 1}', the fore and after guns of a ship, if trained parallel, will place their projectiles about lOO yards apart. But, with the director, let the distance between the fore and after guns be the base of a triangle, and the direct line of fire of the amidships guns, at a given range, be its apex, the fore and after guns are so adjusted that, at the said range the course of their shot will intersect at the apex of the triangle. If a broadside be now fired with the guns dead abeam, the whole group of shot will fall in the same place. Now all the turrets can be trained from the director position on the same object, and the shot will fall in a bunch. The range, the " error of the day " — tempera- ture, humidit)-, wind, etc., are calculated in the central position, and the speed of the opposing fleets plotted from there. If there is any fault, it can be corrected when the shot fall all together, as it can- not be when they are widely dispersed. The guns can be laid and fired from the director position. FURTHER TESTS. Such, without going indiscreetly into detail is the great advantage with which the inventive genius of Sir Percy Scott has endowed the British Navy. It is not new. The director was installed in the Neptune, and gave remarkable re- sults while Sir Percy supervised it. But afterwards the gunnery experts adopted methods of their own, and the system was discredited. Now there have been fresh trials, and it is reported that a further test of a ver)- searching and im- portant character is to be undertaken. If this succeeds, the svstem will be adopted throughout the Nav}-. No mechanical apparatus, however perfect and however thoroughly the chances of breakdown have been pro- vided against, can in itself give effi- ciency to a fighting Navy. It is per- fectly right for the authorities to adopt the best apparatus which science can de- vise I-t is perfectly right to bend every endeavour to knock the enemy out be- fore he gets near enough to do harm. But if the men get to believe themselves beaten, if the apparatus is out of gear, or if they lose their readiness to take punishment, the loss of moral will out- weigh the gain in material. " Thrice armed is he who hath his quarrel just, but four times he who gets his blow in fust," is a sound maxim for naval or any other warfare. But if the first blow fails, we shall part with the capacity of our seamen for half-arm fighting at our peril. The blow at the shorter range will be the more deadly ; but the chance of the ap- paratus being shot away will be the greater, and, should this happen, gun- layers who can fight their guns without being demoralised by the failure of the machine will be indispensable. T say this, not to minimise the undoubted value of Sir Percy Scott's invention, which will give us an untold advan- tage until it is imitated by our rivals, but to put in a plea for the continuation of conijDetitions like the gunlayers' test. which ignore mechanism and prove the human element. If you knock out the enemy before he can hurt you, well and good. That is an end to aim at. But if you fail, then comes a time when nerves are going to be highly tried, and will only be kept steady if the men have some- thing to do. To await in idleness the crash of the enemy's shell ; not to know when your own guns are going to fire ; not to be able to note the effect you are producing on the enemy, is an ordeal which it may well be doubted if the human organism will stand. In adopt- ing, as we should, the very latest scien- tific appliances, the human factor in the equation must not be left out of account. lievicir of Reviews, 1/3/ li ST CANADA'S PLANS FOR HER NAVY. By P. T. McGRATH. The Canadian Parliament met on November 21, 191 2, for the express pur- pose of deciding upon a naval polic} ; and, interesting and important as this problem is to the Canadian people, it is almost of equal interest and importance to the people of the United States, be- cause it introduces a new, and what must inevitably prove a disturbing, factor with reference to the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine in the future. During recent years citizens of the British Empire, in the motherland and overseas, have had to consider seriously the question of naval defence, compelled thereto b\- the growing armaments of European powers and the menace to the world's peace which Germany in the Atlantic and Japan in the Pacific are considered by many to represent. At successive gatherings of the British Cabinet and the oversea premiers, the subject was debated and finally a De- fence Conference was convened at Lon- don in 1909, to formulate plans for pro- tecting the self-governing dominions. A NAVAL POLICY UPHELD BY ALL PARTIES. When the invitation to Sir Wilfrid Laurier to attend this conference was tabled m the Dominion Parliament, the question of Canada's share in the naval defence of the Empire was full}- dis- cussed, and this resolution was unani- mously adopted, all parties agreeing to it in its amended form after the lan- guage of the original draft had been modified b}' suggestions from various quarters : — ■ (1) Tlie duty of the people of Canada to as- sume in larger measure the responsibility of national defenminions. the payment of regular and periodical contributions to the imperial treasury for na.val and military purposes will not, so far as Canada is concerne that Premier Borden's proposals for an emergency contribution will be accepted by the Canadian Parliament, probably without much objection by the Liberals under Sir Wilfrid Laurier, because al- ready resolutions have been adopted 111 some Canadian cities advocating a Round Table Conference between the parties and for taking the navy issue out of politics. Sir Wilfrid Laurier has recently reaffirmed his attitude and that of his party thus : — In the meantime, and while we continue to wait and wait, and wait, we stand where we have stood right along. Our policy is a Canadian navy, built in Canada, equipped in Canada, manned in Canada, under the control of the Canadian Pairliament, and the Canadian people, and ready, if Britain should ever be in danger— I will not say that— if Britain should ever be on trial— to do its part, a worthy part, as a loyal daughter of the Old Motherland. The Borden navy policy as sum- marised from the address of the Cana- dian Premier, made to the Ottawa House of Commons, on December 5, is as follows : — Canada is to make a contribution of three Dreadtioucihts to cost seven million pounds, and to be the most powerful warships in the world. The ships are to be built in the United King- dom under the supervision of the Admiralty, and will become part of the battle lines of the British navy. They will bear distinctive Canadian names. These ships are to be under the control and upkeep of the British Admiralty, but may be returned to Canada at some future time if the nucleus of a Canadian navy is decided upon. The ships are not to be built in Canada for lack of facilities, and in view of an extra cost of probably £1,250,000. The Admiralty is ready, however, to order for construction in Canada a number of smaller ships, and in this way the Canadian shipbuilding- industry will be fostered, the Canadian Govern- ment giving a measure of assistance. _^ - ^ Mr. Borden announced that the British Government was willing to welcome a Canadian Minister to the deliberations of the Imperial Defence Committee. How these propositions are to be re- conciled it will be for the Canadian Parliament, and perhaps for the Cana- dian iieople, to determine in the near future. Apart, altogether, though, from the 40 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. larger issue of a nava! policy, are sub- sidiary issues equally contentious as to ships, men, and maintenance. To build a Dreadnought, even in England, with workmen and equipment unexcelled, takes two and a-quarter years, and costs over iJ^2, 200,000. To build warships in Canada will require the establishment •of dockyards ; the installation of machinery ; the training of workers, and it is inevitable that the cost in all these respects wall be much greater than in the Mother Country. Then as to the location of such dockyards, Montreal, Quebec, Sydney, Halifax, and St. John may be regarded as competitors, though the first two are inaccessible for five months of the year, because of the ice blockades, and Sydney for perhaps three months, while Halifax enjoys the advantage of being fortified and St. John boasts of vast new harbour works now being created there. THE QUESTION OF SEAMEN. In manning the ships, difficulty will Toe felt. So far Canada has been able to enlist not more than 350 bluejackets. Her people do not take kindly to dis- ciplinary pursuits. The latest report of the North-West Mounted Police shows that 85 per cent, of that force are com- posed of Britishers. The Admiralty fourteen years ago, when organising nava! reserves in the Oversea Domin- ions, declined to locate one on the Cana- dian seaboard because of poor " raw material," the high rate of wages that would have to be paid, and the virtual certainty that as men were trained they would drift into the American Navy, though such a force was organised in Newfoundland, and is now in operation with a training ship at St. John's, through which hundreds of young fishermen have passed. Not the least difficulty affecting this whole question for Canada is that of manning new ■ships. Even in England to-day it is one of the most serious problems before the Admiralty. As to maintenance in the Dominion, many criticise the wisdom of trying to operate a naval arm as a part of the Canadian Civil Service. The}' predict graft and incompetence, and cite the case of the Niobe, the training ship for the Atlantic, which was ordered to Yar- mouth (N.S.) more than a year ago to join in some local celebration, because interested parties had sufficient political influence to do this, despite the protests of the ship's officers and the naval Bureau at Ottawa, with the result that her anchors dragged, she went aground, tore out her bottom, and has been the past twelve months in Halifax under- going repairs which will cost over ;^40,ooo. These critics favour Canadian battleships being built in British ship- yards under Adniiralt)- direction to secure uniformity and efficienc)' ; and to be stationed, when completecl, where the Admiralt)- judges they are most needed ; while Canadian recruits are to have preference on Canadian battle- ships, which ships are to bear Canadian names and be distinctiveh- Canadian, and to be over and abo\e the margin of security required for the Britisii Na\y. THE SIC.XIITCANCE OF A CANADIAN NAVY TO AMERICANS. Finally, this question of Canada's navy has its interest for the United States, because while heretofore Canada may be said to have relied for her de- fence by land on the Monroe Doctrine and by sea on the British fleet, in the event of any war between Britain and another power after this naval project is launched, Canada will not be immune from the danger of invasion, and there- fore the w^hole question of the efficiency of the Monroe Doctrine will at once arise. An\' such power at war with Britain will claim, and with justice, the right to ravage Canada's coasts, and otherwise visit upon her the penalties that attach to such a condition, and what bearing such will have on the Mon- roe Doctrine is a question that may be- fore many years actively confront the United States. Bevieu' of Rrvieas, 1/3113. 41 Leading Articles in the Reviews. HOW THE WAR AFFECTS EUROPE. THE DIVERSE VIEWS OF " EXPERTS " IN THE MAGAZINES. The British and forei<^n reviews are crowded with articles forecasting pro- bable alterations in the grouping of European nations, and the changes in the balance of power which may follow the Balkan war. Doctors often disagree, but political experts nearly always do. It is rather remarkable therefore that al- most all assume the imminent break up of the dual monarchy. Threatened men live long — as instance the Turk during the last century — and the Austro-Hun- gary Empire may hang together long after the death of Franz Joseph, an event dreaded by the whole of Europe. The following extracts give a good idea of the situation European diplomatists are discussing. AUSTRIA IN LIOl'IDATION. Mr. J. Ellis Barker, discussing the balance of power in Europe in the Fort- nightly, .'■egards London as now the political centre of Europe, as Berlin was at the zenith of Bismarck, and Paris was before 1870. He thinks that the Austrian Empire may some da)' go into liquidation, like Turke)'. She is in- terested in preventing the formation of a powerful Slavonic federation, and will do all in her power to make war between the Allies, a war that will be favourable not only to the Germanic Powers, but to Turkey also. We must reckon, he savs, with the possibilities of war between Germany, Austria-Hungarx', Roumania, Turkey, and possibly, Italy, on the one side, and Russia, France and the Balkan States on the other. Between these pos- sible combatants Great Britain holds the balance of power. A European war, he reckons, would at first be extremely pro- fitable to Great Britain, but for her to foster it on that account would be a crime against humanity. He declares the present grou]3ing of the European Powers to be an ideal one from the British point of view. A FRENCH VIEW. Austria, says M. Albert Danzai, in La Rez'iic, is, after Turkey, the greatest loser in the war. She is most dissatis- fied, but the truth is, the Austrian Government does not know its own mind. It hesitates between three differ- ent currents, which it is Count Bercli- ihold's mission toreconcile -the iniiuence of the aged Emperor, whose wisdom, happily, has so far prevailed ; Hun- garian hostility, which is very irritable since the question of universal suffrage has been raised, and which is opposed to anne.xation and the impulsive im- perialism of the Archduke Francis Fer- dinand. The heir to the throne, we are assured, still dreams of \''enetia, and cherishes the firm hope of restoring Rome to the Po])e. Meanwhile, Austria, who will not accept an established fact, is trying to eiiih.dil the coalition in- stead ; she sliiuild ((iiiciliate the Balkan Allies, in particukir the Serbs, devote herself to econoniu- expansion, and calm Slav irredentism 1)\- seeking to attach to the Auslro 1 lungari.ui regime, b\' re- forms and serious guarantees, the \arious nat Hinalitic^ which make up her Empire. Meanwhile, her ill-considered jiolic)- is preparing the \\a\- for the admission of the I^alk.in I'cderation into the 42 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. MarclwU.] [Wa.saw, reaceful Austria To-dav. Dcr Wiilire Jacob] [Stuttgart. Whal is Austria ? " Now, Lieutenant, the KatlierlaiKl will soon call upon you." I.IEUTKNANT : "What do you mean by that? My father was a Hungarian, my mother was a Pole, and I was born in the Tyrol." » ' ■' You must take a, larger view of the Fatherland : it is the House of Hapsburg." MtiicliDlt.] [Warsaw. Tl.e Achilles Heel of Austria. Austria goes to the Conference of the Powers fully armed save for one heel (her Slav population), which renders all her armaments useless. M.iicholl.] IWarsaw. The Austrian Heir Apparent hurrying Austria into 'var while the Old Kinperor hangs back. Miircholi.] [Warsaw. Austria's Position; uncomfortable although in the arms of Germany. Minneapolis Jotn-nal. I The Uone of Contentioii. THE BREAK-UP OF AUSTRIA. Review of Reviews, 1/3/13. LEADING ARTICLES. 43 Triple Entente, a union which may be equally capable at some future day of attracting- Italy into its orbit. For it may be that the Triple Alliance will not long survive the advent to the throne of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. AUSTRIA V. ITALY. Raqueni, writing in the Niouvelle Revue, states that the Italian Press and public opinion in Italy sympathise with the Balkan States, and that any agree- ment Italy and Austria make against Servia would be unacceptable in Italy. The Italian Press is indeed unanimous in raising its voice against the unjust pretensions of Austria. Passages are quoted from a remarkable article by the Deputy Signor Caetani, published in the Messagero. The whole of Italy, says the Deputy, is with Servia against Austria. He expressed the opinion that Albania would be happier under Servia and Greece than under an autonomous regivie. At Berlin and at Vienna note is taken of the popular feeling in Italy, and that is the surest guarantee of the mainten- ance of European peace. WHERE AUSTRIAN AND ITALIAN INTERESTS CLASH. Italy, like England, has rallied to the formula of the Balkan States for the Balkan peoples. This formula coincides with the economic interests and liberal aspirations of Italy, who desires the free development of the different Balkan nationalities. But between Italy and Austria there is antagonism of interests and divergence of views. Italy will never permit Austria to acquire a great preponderance in Albania. Nor would Italy admit an economic Customs union of Austria and the Balkan States. ITALY AND THE TRIPLE ENTENTE. In I^aly nothing would be more popu- lar than an alliance with the Balkan Con- federation and the Triple Entente— that is to sa}', with France, England and Russia — continues Raqueni. Unfortun- ately, from love of peace, Italy is ob- liged to remain in the Triplice. War with Austria, it is generally believed, would be inevitable the moment Italv left the Triplice. Raqueni is not of that opinion. A curious fact is the change of Italian opinion in favour of Russia. Under the government of Crispi the relations be- tween Italy and Russia were most strained. To-day even the Socialists in Italy recognise the necessity of an Ita- lian entente cordude with Russia. Rl'SSIA V. AUSTRIA. In CornhilU Mr. B. Austin purports to give sidelights on the Balkan war, but they are tinged with a lurid hatred of Russia. He says: — A c-ontinual war, all the more bitter and dan- gerous because it lias to be waged in secret, is going on between Austria and Russia. The victor will gain paramount influence. In the course of this struggle Holy Russia has never hesitated to employ the traitor or the assassin. It was owing to Russian influence that Milosh Obreno- vitch, who had won autonomy for Servia by the sword, was driven into exile; Russian agents were responsible for the murder of Michael Obreuovitch in the Deerpark ; Russia instigated two attempts on Milan, and prompted his mis- tress, a Russian spy, to urge him on in his desire of abdication. Holy Russia, again, en- ox>u>raged the ill-fated Alexander in his passion for Draga, while the Russian Minister was cog- nisant of the military conspiracy which cul- minated in the bloody tragedy of June 10, 1903. Such were the methods employed by Pan-Slavism to annihilate the Obrenovitch dynasty, which had alwaj-8 shown a tendency to coquet with Austria. A peasant's STRANGE PROPHECIES. The writer mentions in a note the pro- l^hecies of the peasant Meta of Kremna, whose utterances are carefully included in secret State papers: — - Meta not only in 1868 foretold the advent of the telephone, but he had a clairvoyant vision of Michael Obrenovitch's murder, he prophesied the main details of Milan's and of Alexander's reigns, Peter Karageorgevitch's succession, his disappear- ance, the occupation of Servia by a foreign army and the rise of a hero, who was in some way connected with the Obrenovitch dynasty "as if an oak tree which had been felled had thrown out a shoot close by." BULGARIA TOP DOG. He savs that an\' determination of Servia to hold the .Sandjak or to seize Salonika must infallibly bring her into collision with Austria, who could, from .Semlin, destroy Belgrade within two hours. The writer is confident that Bul- aria, and not Servia, would be the top 44 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913 do<4" in the dissensions he anticipates. He sa}s : — The whole history of the comitadjis in Ma-ce- (lonia has shown that the Bulg'arian, who is not a natiiraJ Slav but a Slavicised Arj'^n, is the most robust and virile race in the Peninsula to-day, and since the sucoess of this campaign has awakened the slumbering ainibitions in both Serb and Bulg'ar o^ a revival of their ancient empires. it is obvious thai there is not room for both to lie realised. As to which will go to the wall there can be little doubt. If Servia is allowetl to take possession of what was known as the Koasovo vilayet or Old Servia she may find out that there is some, truth in the old Greek pro- verb, " The srifts of enemies are no gifts." By skilful diplomacy Servia has obtained in the anticipatory division a larger share of the spoils thaji is warranted by her racial preten- sions or by her military assistai^ce. Bulgaria has not forgotten this diijloniatic victory, and has no intention of waiving her ambition. A FABLE FOR THE BALKANS. Mr. Austin concludes with: — An Oriental fable relates tha.t a lion once engaged a fox. a hyaena. a.nd. a jackal to hunt down a fa.t stag. The three animals did so and brought the carcase to the lion, who at oine cut it in four sections. The iJon said, " Four of us have agi-eed to kill this st<\.g. aiul before us are four portions of the spoil. The first bit I will take as being the senior partner in the alliance; the second I will take as I gave yon the idea; the third I will take as being the strongest; and if you want to fight for the fourth I'm ready to take you on." The philosopher who wrote tha.t fa.ble must have foreseen the Balkan Oon federation. WHY BULGARIA WON. The British Review contains an in- teresting article on " Secrets of the Bul- garian Victories " from the pen of Philip Gibbs. who served The Graphic as special war correspondent. The whole nation responded as one man to the call to arms ; in the words of the writer : — - As I have said. King Ferdinand and his war ministers called out not an army but a nation. They were cruel in their clean sweep of the nation's manhood. In the last reserve were boys of sixteen ajul men past sixty years of age. No one was spared from the roll-call. Professors and painters, journalists, merchants, shopkeepers, their shop assistants, schoolmasters and school- boys, every kind and condition of Bulgarian, were summoned in that general " mop-up " of the national strength. It was cruel, but it was also magnificent. For the call was answered with a tremendous enthusiasm, and there were no eva- sions, no deserters. Mr. Gibbs makes an interesting com- parison which gives the reader a realis- tic idea of the disturbance caused b\- war : — Time and time again, when I sat among Bul- garian officers, in the filthy little houses of Turkish villages, in the valley of the Maritza. or o!i the hills above AdriaTiople, and got into con- versation with unshaven, dirty, mud-stained men. who had lain in the trenches, or led cjuivoys through the ciuagmires. who were living on army bread and army soup, who were enduring all the hardships and horrors of war, I was startled L/;.-.] THE TWO-HEADED RUSSIA>' BEAR. [Berlin. At this end he fawns. At that he swallows. Eeview of Reviews, 1/3/13. LEADING ARTICLES. 45 when they spoke of their past life— before this strange nig-htmare had begun, changing their habits, making all the things that previously mattered to them of no importance— and when I found that one of these savage-looking ruffians was a Professor of Literature, and another a Professor of Chemistry, and a third an actor who had no more use for grease paint, and a fourth a poet who was learning new mysteries of life and death, and so on through the whole range of social life. It was strange to me, because I could not re;ilise similar conditions in England. I could not imagine John Galsworthy in a mud-stained uniform in charge of a bread-waggon, or Anthony Hope drinking soup out of an iron pot nea^r a camp fire by a. frontier bridge, or G. K. Chester- ton, with a four weeks' beard on his chin, com- manding a troop of mounted infantry, or Cyril Maufie up to his top-boots in mud, with one shoulder to the right wheel of a gun-carriage. Rather effective discipline for our supermen ! It is clear from this article how en- tirely Bulgaria staked all on one throw. She has no reserves to bring against the swelling armies of the Sultan. THE CRISIS IN THE MEDI- TERRANEAN. In the Foruui for December Roland G. Usher records his belief that a great crisis in international affairs is approach- ing. England and her allies, among whom is the United States, are facing a situation as grave as when the first ships of the Spanish Armada entered the Channel, or when Napoleon's fleet had swept the Mediterranean, eluded Nelson, and landed the French army in Eg}'Dt. ENGLAND OUTWITTED, The Tripolitan war has turned out to be a boomerang. It was meant to bind Italy tightly to England and France by allowing her to realise her cherished ambit'on and take possession of the fer- tile fields of the wealthiest province of ancient Rome, instead of which it has dri\eii Italy into the arms of German}' and Austria. Italy found herself com- mitted to an evpensive war, and when England and France were e.xpected to put diplomatic pressure on Turkey, they promptly declined to do so. England had become aware of a serious ferment among the thronging Moslems in India, and at once realised the jiaramount im- portance of avoiding further ill-feeling by refraining at ail costa from a direct attack upon the Sultan himself, the head of the Mohammedan religion. So Italy was left in the lurch. Under these cir- cumstances, with such calamities, unex- pected and such hopes unfulfilled, the Italians were in a mood to listen to whis- pered counsels from the Wilhelmstrasse. Germany was in a position to promise her not only Tripoli, but Tunis, and evei more if Italy would return to the old Triple Alliance. The Italians were quick to appreciate the magnituda of the opportunity and promptly em- braced it. The results have more than fulfilled even the sanguine expectations of the Allies. The Italian Navy bombarded a few forts and sank a Tiirkish vessel or two, purely to maintain the appearance of a war, and then seized island after island in the .^gean-Rhodes, long considered the key to the eastern Mediterranean, I^emnos, Chios, and others. So confident of success were the Italians that they everywhere assured the in- habitants that the occupation was no mere mili- ta.ry measure, but would be permanent. From Crete, if it obtains the autonomy the Cretans desire, the Allies will undoubtedly demand pos- session of its harbours as naval bases. Their development, the fortification of the Tripolitan coast, and the use of both as field bases for an Austro-Italian fleet operating from the Adriatic will surely rob Malta of all practical importance, and might even make necessary its abandon- ment. The loss of Malta's strategic significance robs England's defence of its keystone, and com- pels a complete re-arrangement of her naval dis- positions. WHY MORE SHIPS AKE W.4NTED. The English and French, alarmed beyond mea- sure by this unexpected turn of affairs, have been straining every nerve to meet it with prepara- tions which shall be more than adequate for any- emergency; but both have felt that openly to avow the truth about the situation would not only expose them to the danger of attack at a moment when they are more likely to suffer re- verses than at any time since the Franco-Prussian war ended, but also would have an unfavourable effect on English and French public opinion, either sapping the popular confidence in the national strength, or. more probably, causing a demand for instant war which would be difficult to resist. ITALY'S NAVAL STRENGTH. With a view to strengthening both the nivy and the mercantile service, the Ras- segna Nazionale pleads for a thorough reform of the naval schools and insti- tutes that exist in various of the Italian ports, and suggests that the}' should be transferred from the control of the Education Department to that of the Ministr}' of Marine. 46 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. TO CONTROL THE INLAND SEA. In an article on the " Naval Situa- tion in the Mediterranean," in the Deutsche Revue, M. Maxime Laubeuf explains the enormous importance of this sea. From the earliest times the Mediterranean, he says, has witnessed terrible conflicts, many of which have completely changed the position of the civilised world, and in the nineteenth century events have taken place which have raised it to the very highest rank in importance. THE CENTRE OF INTEREST. Among the events which have contri- buted to make the Mediterranean the centre of interest at the present time the writer names Italian unity and the independence of Greece, Roumania, Ser- via and Bulgaria ; the making of the Suez Canal ; and the colonisation of North Africa by Europeans, so that the Mediterranean has become almost a European sea entirely, and is more than ever an object of concern to the Euro- pean nations. From the standpoint of naval warfare, consequently, it occupies the foremost place in present combina- tions. The interests of France in main- taining free access to Algeria and Tunis, of England in guarding the route to India, of Italy in regard to Tripoli, of Spain in regard to Morocco, and of Ger- many as a result of her alliances, have brought in their train developments which have greatly changed the naval balance of power in the Mediterranean. These are extensions of the naval pro- grammes of Italy and Austria since 1908, the new Spanish Navy, the French naval programme of 1910, the concen- tration of the French squadrons in the Mediterranean towards the end of 191 2, and the proposed increase of the naval forces of Great Britain in the Mediter- ranean in 191 3. THE NAVAL RACE. The writer then argues that the in- crease of the German Navy by the naval law of 1900 compelled Great Britain to undertake a great new building pro- gramme, and that -until the execution of this programme was sufficienth' ad- vanced Great Britain had to withdraw her fleet from the Mediterranean to pro- tect her shores at home against the Ger- man danger — an opinion not shared by the editor of the Deutsche Revue. Meanwhile the other nations have felt under obligation to follow the example of Germany and Great Britain. Since 1908 Italy has been busy increasing her navy, and in 1910 Austria began the execution of a naval programme drawn up to be completed in 1920. Spain also has been drawn into the movement, and, after considerable hesitation, has been building new ships since 1908. France could not remain indifferent to the ac- tivity of Italy and Austria. The strengthening of the Italian and Aus- 111 trian navies on the one hand, and the weakness of the Russian fleet after the war with Japan on the other, had greatly disturbed the balance of power in the existing groups. In 1910, therefore, a new naval programme was drawn up, and France is expected to complete it by 1 91 9. THE POSITION, JULY, 1913 — In conclusion, the writer has insti- tuted a comparison of the naval forces of the Great Powers which b\- the middle of 191 3 will l)e in the Mediter- ranean. In his reckoning he includes only the ships built within the last six- teen years and possessing guns with a calibre of at least 9 inches or 234 milli- metres— a method unfavourable to France, since it excludes all the French ironclads armed with 194-millimetre guns. The naval strength of the Great Powers in 191 3 is anticipated to be as follows : — Great Britain.— 4 armed cruisers and 3 small cruisers, with 32 305-millimetre guns and 18 234- millimetre g-uns. France. — 18 battlesliips with 86 305-millimetre guns, 2 274-millimetre guns, aJid 72 240-millimetre guns. Italy. — 12 battleships and 7 armed cruisers, with 67 305-millimetre guns and 27 254-millimetre guns. Austria. — 11 battleships ajid 2 armed cruisers, with 36 305-millimetre guns and 49 240-millimeti-e guns. In addition, France would have a flotilla of smaller ships, including 36 destroyers and 16 submarines. Beview of lieviews, I/Sfis. LEADING ARTICLES. 47 — AND AFTERWARDS. At the same period, July, 191 3, there should be building, or nearing comple- tion, the following in three of the coun- tries already named: — ■ France— 2 battleships of 23.500 tonnaire, .-irnied with 12 305-millimetre guns, and 3 battleships of 25,000 tonnage, a.rmed with 12 340-millinietre guns. Italy.— 2 battleships of 26,000 tonnage, armed with 12 344-millimetre guns. Austria.— 2 battleships of 21.000 tonnage, with 12 305-millimetre guns. Thus France, without reckoning the support of England, may, says M. Lau- beuf, view with unconcern the naval position in the Mediterranean during the years 1913-15. But what will be the position in a few years i^ It is well to remember that the present alliances may give place to antagonism, and that the friends of to-day may indeed become the enemies of to-morrow. THE TURKS OX THE WAR. The daily press of the Ottoman capi- tal is very bitter in its comments on European charges against Turkey and the Turkish military forces of cruelty and barbarism. In a vigorous leader entitled "Calumnies! Calumnies!!" the J e Nile Tiirc sa}-s : — ■ They [the allies] apparently believe that, since Europe is Christian and Turkey Moslem, the present is an excellent occasion for making the masses of the continent believe that the Turks are constantly massacring Christians. . . . They inform their i-eaders that Christians are being slaughtered in the streets of Constantinople. This is falsehood to the limit. We invite the ambassadors oi tlie great powers to investigate thoroughly, and then say if a hair of a Bulgar head has been harmed. In another article which has been headed " The Right to Live " the same journal says : — The allies oppress and e.xterminate in their Own countries all other nationalities, and pre- tend to be the liberators of their countrymen under the Ottoman flag. If the principle of " the Balkans for the Balkan peoples " is to be ob- served. %vill Europe permit tlie Tiirks, Albanians, and Kutzo-Valachs who, combined, are in a majority in Macedonia, to be oppressed by the so-oalled civilising allies? European officials and newspaper correspondents attest that the Ser- vians are "civilising" the counti'y which they have overrun by murder, incendiarism, and at- tacks on women. . . . The "civilising" work of the Bulgars has been so much appreciated by the peasants of Thrace that they have, one and all, fled to escape from their " liberators." Is it necessary to remind the world of the yt'ic York Journal.'] The Turk to the Balkan Allies: a draw'.^" ' Let's call it atrocities committed by the Hellenic army against the Turks and Valachs in Epirus and the Jews in Saloiiica? The ] eiine Tiirc discusses at length the questions of an armistice and a final treaty of peace. It reminds the allies that the Turk is not at the end of his resources, and that to inflict a hiuniliat- ing peace upon him would be unwise as well as unchristian. Advising the allies, and particularly Bulgaria, to be reason- able, and referring to the identity of interests between Turkey and the Balkan States, the Jenne Turc advocates the entry of Turkey into the Balkan federa- tion. It says : — A serious entente between all the European, Oriental nations is possible. It will then be an Oriental power, as opposed to the Occident. . . . The onl.y condition is an honourable peace. . . . T,et our adversaries think this well over. Such a union will become very strong if Turkey parti- cipates in it. . . . This is our desire, we want sincerely a peace forever, because we want to start seriously and without interruption to work toward our ultimate happiness and prosperity. . . . The Bulgars are reputed to be sane and l)rac.tical and not to believe in Utopias. . . . T,et them siiow that they are really so. . . . If we were forced to fight to the end, we will do so because our resources are endless and our military situation is imjiroving, while our enemy'a is weakening, as proven at Tchataija; but our interest and our position in the Balkans must be somewhat maintained -othei-wisc we shall not enter the Balkan Confederation -wliich we con- sider as a barrier against European encroach- ment in the Fjevant. Bulgaria knows where her interests are; she is reasonable and we can agree with her. 48 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. THE GERMANS-AN INTIMATE SKETCH. PARTIES AND PRESS IN GER- MANY. Mr. Price Collier is contributing a series of articles on Germany and the Germans from an American point of view to Scribner. A PRESS WITHOUT INFLUENCE. The first contribution deals with Ger- man Political Parties and the Press. During Bismarck's reign, 1 862-1890, the German Press was kept well in hand by those who reigned ; it is only lately that caricature, criticism and opposition have had freer play. Herr Maximilian Harden's journalistic work alone shows how the German Press has escaped from certain leading strings. There are, we are told, some 4000 dailies and more than 3000 weeklies in Germany, but the German Press as a whole does not exert the influence on society or politics which the Press in America and the British Empire does. That a correspondent or editor of a newspaper should find his way into Cabinet circles, or into high office, is impossible in Germany. Several of the more popular newspapers are owned and controlled bv Jews, and the American finds it difficult to understand the German suspicion and dislike of the Jews. A NATION OF DREAMERS. At heart the Germans are anything but bus ness men. There are more eyes with dreams in them in Germany than in all the world besides, asserts Mr. Col- lier. The Germans, not being traders at heart, fall an easy prey to the Jew. They are philosophers, musicians, dreamers, and only industrial and com- mercial by force of circumstances. They have given the world lyric poetry, music, philosophy, and these are still their souls' darlings. They are easily governed, because their ideals are spiri- tual, not material. The American seeks w^ealth, the Briton power, the French- man notoriety, but the German is satis- fied w^ith the peaceful enjoyment of the arts and friendly intercourse with his fellows. He is, therefore, jealous or contemptuous of the cosmopolitan ex- changer of the world, the Jew, and sees ■ no patriotism or originality in him. So far, therefore, as the Press is Jew-con- trolled, it is apt to be suspected as being not German. All the same, the writer points out, Germany would not be in the foremost place she occupies to-day had she not had the backing of her bet- ter-class Jewish citizens. As the Ger- mans are not yet political animals, their newspapers reflect only artificial politi- cal enthusiasm. The parties themselves are not real, and the Press betrays in its political writing that it is dealing with shadows rather than realities. THE PEOPLE FOR THE NATION. The German people, Mr. Collier con- tinues, have not developed into a nation, they have been squeezed into the mould of a nation. The nation is not for the l)eople, the people are for the nation, as he puts it. What people can call it- self free to whom its rulers are not re- sponsible? he asks. The Social Demo- crats have no seats in the Reichstag, but the war estimates are beyond their reach, and a Constitution is a dream. Nothing will come of the present Radi- cal Reichstag. In addition to the four important parties — Conservative, Liberal, Clerical and Socialist— there are many sub-divisions of these, and various groups acknowledging no party. The Social Democrats are not all Socialists or Democrats. As a body of voters they are united in the expression of their discontent with a Government of officials, chosen and kept in power over their heads. POLITICAL EMANCIPATION NOT YET WON. In 191 2 the population of Germany was over 65 millions ; the qualified voters numbered 14 millions, and of these over 12 millions voted. The Reichstag has 397 members, or one re- presentative to every 156,000 inhabit- ants ; the American House of Repre- sentatives has 433 members, or one for every 212,000 inhabitants ; England 6;o members, or one for every 62,000 ; France 584, or one for every 67,000; Review of Reviews, 1/3/13. LEADING ARTICLES. 49 Italy 508, or one for every 64,000 ; and Austria 516, or one for every 51,000. While the Germans, concludes Mr. Col- lier, are in many ways the most culti- vated nation in the world, they have not yet real representative government. Their political writing is without de- finite aims, and in the held of foreign politics It is less informed than their educational and literary expositions, which, generally speaking, are very good indeed. " THE LAND OF D- -D PROFESSORS." Lord Palmerston's epithet supplies Mr. Price Collier with a title for his second paper. THIRTY-FOUR SEATS OF LEARNING. He gives a very comprehensive survey of the system of education, from the elementary school to the University. He says : — • There are twenty-one universities in Germany, with another already provided for this year in Frankfort, and practically the equivalent of a university in Hamburg. The total number of students is 66,358, an increase since 1895 of 37,791. Besides these, there are eleven techni- cal high schools, which rank now with the University, and their 17,000 students may fairly be added. Add also 4000 unmatriculated students, and you have 87,000 stuc'ents : — While the population of Germany has increased lA per cent, in the last year, the number of students has increased 4.6 per cent., and of the total number 4.4 per cent, are women. Since the founding of the empire the population has increased from 40,000.000 to 65,000,000, but the number of students has increasecl from 18,000 to 60,000. The amount spent in the German Empire m the year 1910 on instruction was twenty million sterling. Mr. Col- lier declares that the teaching through- out Germany is unreservedly good, often superlatively good. The result of the regimentation of education is that there are no sham teachers, no sham pro- fessors, no sham degrees. No one can teach, even as a private governess, with- out a certificate from the State. MISGIVINGS AS TO RESULTS, But with all its excellencies, it is not enough : — There is not only nothing like it, there is nothing compairable to it in the world. If train- in,T the minds of a population were the solution of the problems of civilisation, they are on the way to such solution in Germany. Unfortunately there is no such easy way out of our troubles for Germany or for any other nation. Some of us will live to see this fetich of regimental in- struction of everybody disappear as astrology has disappeared. According to. the army standard both uie German peasant and the urban dweller are steadily deteriorating. In ten years the per- centage of physically effloient men in the rural districts decreased from 60.5 to 58.2 per cent. Dr. von Bethmann-Hollweg said only last year : — The fear that we may not be working along the right lines in the education of our youth is a cause of great anxiety to many people in Ger- many. In German education practically the whole enthusiasm is laid upon drilling the mind. Moral and physical matters are left to the home. Mr. Collier objects to the pounding in of patriotism on every side. He finds it distinctly nauseating. There goes on in the schools also Socialist propaganda. THE MOST IMMORAL CAPITAL IN EUROPE. The boys who come up to the I'ni- versity, special])- in the large cities and towns, are somewhat lax in their moral standards : — In Berlin particularly, where there are some thirty-five hundred registered and nearly fifty thousand unregistered women devoting tlieniselves to the seemingly incompatible ends of rapidly accumulating gold while frantically pursuing plea- sure, there is an amount of immorality uneeoples rather than in commercial or colonial antagonism. He says that the risk to the German monarch}- of a war is ver\- great. France is no longer the hostage for England. A PILL FOR LORD ROBERTS. It is interesting to have this testimonx' from an American observer : — In the eyes of experienced observers, the Ger- man Arm.y haa deteriorated in recent years, and the French has comniensurately improved. Xow that the latter is no longer honey-com1)ed by dis- sension its still-existing superiority in artillery and its iievv- development of aviation give it cer- tain advantages over the greater numerical strength of Germany. For the first time also since AVaterloo England is able to throw a mili- tary force of consequence on Continental soil. The six British divisions of professional soldiers equipped for foreign service and ready for early mobilisation are to-day a fact which Germany cannot fail to consider, and which should con- tribute towai-d I'emedying any inferiority in men from which France would suffer. This paragraph may be recommended to Lord Roberts and his troupe of panic- mongers. " Washington " discusses the three possible results of Anglo-German war. (i) British victor)' would least affect the existing status, so far as America was concerned. (2) A German victory would be fatal to the British Empire. Canada, if attacked by vic- torious Germans, would appeal for American protection — an appeal which could hardly fail to awaken generous response. (3) A protracted war without definite result would create much diffi- cult}- for the United States. " It is ques- tionable if any American Government could long tolerate the embarrassment caused by the extended continuance of hostilities in near waters." Otherwise a great impetus would be given to Ameri- can trade, if onl}- America had a mer- chant marine. " Washington " suggests that the question of neutrality of the Caribbean might even be broached b}- diplomatists in time of peace. WHY NOT DEFINE U.S. POLICY NOW ? " Washington " grows more positive as he advances. He says it would liardl}- be wise statesmanship for the United States to remain passive if Eng- land should be by an}- series of disasters crushed : — Even though the immediate consequence would be to throw Canada and the British Antilles into the lap of the United States, it would leave the latter confronted by an Empire supreme on land and sea, and would force it to pursue a prepara- tion of armaments which for its own preserva- tion could not be inferior to what it miglit ))e called upon to face. Great Britain, by upholding the European balance of power, has contributed toward American development. If misfortune in arms await her it would be as politically unwise as it would 1>e ungenerous to allow her to suffer unduly. A disastrous defeat inflicted by an op- l>onent unwilling to use moderation in his victory should invite on the part of America a friendly mediation which in the last extremity might have to be couvetted into more effective measures. Tiie reader ma}- be pardoned for thinking that the more reasonable and effective course would be to make the certaint}- of this eventual intervention clear before hostilities began. A de- fijiite announcement of that kind might even pre\ent hostilities breaking out at all. Eeview of Reviews, 1/3/13. LEADING ARTICLES. 51 THE ROMANCE OF PETROL. J. Earl Clausen tells the story of petrol — called gasoline in America, es- sence in France — in the Outing Maga- zine. Chemists used to argue that pet- roleum was the child of instantaneous chemical reaction between h\xlrooen and carbon brought into contact under- ground. Geologists have demonstrated, however, that the oil is the product of the slow decomposition of organic re- mains, animal or vegetable, or both. Says Mr. Clauson : — THE ORIGINATION OF PETROLEU^M. Some hundreds of thousands of years ago a dinosaur {Stcgosaiinis Ungnla- //L\^), bored b)- the inanities of Mesozoic existence, crawled into a quiet corner, curled up its pretty pink toes, yawned capaciously and — gave up the ghost. There was no funeral. Mourning bands had not been invented. Life was sim- pler in those days ; so was death : the dinosaur just died. And that, say you, was the last of old Colonel Stegosaurus Ungulatus. Not at all. For yesterday you poured the remains of the dinosaur from a mea- suring-can— which, let us hope, held hve gallons, full measure — into )our gaso- line tank, and thereby gained power to drive a heavy motor-car twenty miles an hour faster than the legal rate. In the flesh the dinosaur was a clumsy, slow- moving, le.hargic beast, with no desire to move out of a placid walk ; trans- mogrified, he rivals the swiftness of the birds and aids in emulating their flight. Beyond all that, as illustrating the irony of fate, there were no speed laws m the Mesozoic era. We mav, therefore, regard crude pet- roleum as of somewhat similar origm to coal, the deposits of which must m time become exhausted, and are justified in allowing our imagination to play leap-frog m that fascinating era when the tread of the megatherium caused the earth to tremble. FIRST DISCOVERIES. It may be that the Sicilians were the first to discover that crude petroleum was valuable for heating and lighting — of that we cannot be certain. Pos- sibly the Chinese were ahead of them, for the ancient volumes of the Celestial Empire contain many references to its emplo}'ment for the ends named. Passing hastily down the ages, we note the slcjwly increasing popularity of this great gift of the gods. We find lapan using it in the seventh c-entury of the Christian era, Marco Polo referring to the oil springs of Baku near the end of the thirteenth, and then with a jump of four hundred years we arrive at the first scientific attempt, so far as is known, to free this " earth oil " from its less profitable qualities. LETTING LOOSE THE GENIE. It was not until 1735, however, that johann Lerche arrived at the conclusion that distillation was necessary to make crude petroleum a satisfactory combus- tible. For, although the crude oil burned, as the Sicilians had learned long before Christ, it emitted odours so offensive, smoke so dense, and gave so poor a light, that it was not very much better than nothing at all. Lerche obtained a bright )-ellow oil, resembling a spirit, which ignited readily, and a dark viscous mass of no very obvious value It is. however, the latter which is now the most valuable, and from which petrol and naphtha are produced. Immense progress in the pro- cess of refining and distilling have been made in recent years. Crude petroleum produces petrol, which constitutes l^ per cent, of the bulk of the crude, naphtha C. 10 per cent., naphtha B. 2-I per cent., and naphtha A. 2 per cent, lubricating oil 15 jicr cent, and a resi- duum mainly of carbon and impurities generally, called coke Kerosene, the il- luminating and burning oil of to-dav, and possibly the motive power of to- morrow, makes uj) b\- volume 50 per cent, of the whole bulk of petroleum, and in consequence is the cheapest of the distillates. THE .XRRIX AL OF PETROL. Petrol was, until 1886, a great nuis- ance to the oil distiller; there was no 52 REVIEW OF REV/EWS. March 1, I'JlS, market for it ; it was a waste product. In that year, though, one Johannes Spiel patented the first explosive gas engine. Then, at a single leap, the genie petrol came into his own. t rom being the most despised of petroleum products, petrol became the most important. It fattened the earnings of the oil com- panies, it stimulated the quest of petro- leum. In 1895, ten years approximately after the introduction of the motor-car, the annual sales had reached a total of fourteen million gallons. In 1900 they were twenty-two millions, in 1905 thirty- one millions, in 1910 fifty millions — enough, it has been figured, to drive a touring car for forty-five thousand times the distance between the earth and the moon. The demand is increasing rapidly. Half a million motor-cars in the United States alone, to say nothing of thou- sands of explosion engines harnessed to other emplo\-ment, from cleaving the empyrean blue to pumping water from the bowels of the earth, are existent solely by grace of this fuel. Peace has its revolutionists, and among them the name of Johannes Si^iel deserves to be 'inked with those of James Watt and Robert Fulton. Fortunately thus far the suppl}' of petroleum has been able, with the aid of the inventors, to keep step with the de- mand for gasoline. The 1910 produc- tion showed an increase over that of 1909 m all oil-producing countries ex- cept Galicia, the Dutch East Indies, British India and Canada. There was in the latter year a grand total increase of 29.146,183 barrels of forty-two gal- lons each. The United States, which suppl.es nearly three times as much as her nearest competitor, Russia, pumped during 191 o all of 209,556,048 barrels, as against 183,170,874 in 1909. KEROSENE THE MOTIVE POWER OF THE FUTURE. As petrol is gradually approaching to kerosene standards, there is every pro- bability that the motor-car of to-morrow will derive its power from kerosene alone, or from a mixture of kerosene and petrol. The moment a carburettor is perfected to handle it, the cost of running internal combustion engines will be greatly reduced, and the disap- pearance of the steam engine will be brought appreciabK' nearer. i\eic Tork WorJd.2 A WALL STREET RAILROAD. Post Vi^patch.^ [St. Louis. THE RIGHT POST. TWO CLEVER AMERICAN CARTOONS. Rcvieiv of Reviews, 1/3/13 LEADING ARTICLES. 52, THE WAR AGAINST DISEASE. CANCER UNDER THE LENS. The most striking article in the maga- zines this month is undoubtedly one by Barton J. Hendrick in McCliire's. The article is entitled " On the Trail of Im- mortality," and gives a thrilling account •of the discoveries of Dr. Alexis Carrel, who has received the Nobel Prize in re- cognition of his painstaking experi- ments. Earlier research had revealed the fact that animal tissue taken from its parent organism can be kept in a state of sus- pended animation, and, following on this, Dr. Ross T. Harrison demonstrated that animal tissue could be grown out- side the body. Dr. Carrel has carried this suggestion to the point of inducing growth in sections of almost every organ. The writer records the rapid progress of the experiments: — In a short time Dr. Carrel had practically all parts of the body growing independently on microscopic slides. He was able to observe that marvellous phenomenon which is constantly tak- ing place in the human body and without which life itself would be impossible — the birth and growth of body cells. Protoplasm, so to speak, ■was here caught upon the fly. On one slide a piece of bone was manufacturing new bone; on another, cartilage was rapidly producing new car- tilage; a section of the liver was giving birth to new liver tissue; kidney was growing kidney; and a small piece of heart was manufacturing new heart. From a theoretical standpoint, at least, it might almost be said that the experi- menter was constructing an artificial body in minute sections; at least, he was growing in the laboratory all the tissues whicli are essential to the animal organism. In was but a step to apply this won- derful discovery to a close examination of the conditions of diseased cells : — • The new cells would start precipitately from the main tissue; they would become spherical in shape, then ovaJ, and then oblong. One end would shoot out, like a microscopic comet, and form a tail; just as quickly, this tail would separate itself from the main body, and perhaps ultimately give birth to new cells of its own. A careful watch, throughout several weeks, de- monstrated several points which may have a markefl bearing upon the cancer problem. In the main, cancer tissue, when placed in this artificial medium, grows much more rapidly than in a nor- mal environment. It started more quickly, ami. one© started, grew faster. Normal tissue began growing in from twelve to forty-eight hours after transplantation; cancerous tissue, in most cases. was revivified within a c/iuple of hours. D^es this indicate that there may be substance that stimulates growth in the cancer cell— perhaps a parasite or a microbe— which, when discovered, will yield the secret of the disease? Dr. Carrel has pursued his studies for six years, and it would be difficult to exaggerate their importance or to sug- gest a limit to the advantages which this added knowledge must secure in the future usefulnesses of the medical pro- fession. DISEASE AFLOAT. To the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Fleet-Surgeon C. Marsh Beadnell contributes a paper packed with facts regarding the accom- modation, clothing, food, work, recrea- tion, and sanitation of all those who go down to the sea in ships. There is no occupation so fraught with mono- tonous routine, yet withal so teeming with variety, as that of the average sailor. Jack's rum and tobacco come in for mild condemnation: — • Speaking purely as a doctor — and I think the majority of medical men will agree with me — I should like to see the ration of rum served out in the evening hours, after the day's work is over, rather than in the middle of the day. The Service tobacco is notoriously good, but noto- riously strong, and we cannot hoodwink the fact that a certain amount of defective vision in the Navy is due to excessive smoking and chewing of strong tobacco, aided and augmented no doubt by cheap cigarettes. Eyes demand special care in the Navy, since the visual acutcness of guns' crews may have a considerable influence in deter- mining the results of a ba.ttle. ■ Hammocks are responsible it would appear, for decreasing the stature of our seanien : — Vertical growth in the seaman class ceases abruptly about the age of 19, although horizontal growth and increase in weight continue until the age of 25. I attribute tliis cessation of vertical growth and <«ntinu;ince of lateral growth to the custom of sleeping in hiimmocks at that early period of life when growth should be most active. The position of the sleeper is such that the long ;ixis of his body forms a curve lying in a vertical plane. heiu:e the l)ones of the lower extremities and vertebral column are in a constant though slight condition of lonoitudinal compression, vvliich prevents in the parts compressed that free 54 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. circulation of the blood and lymph from which the growing tissues extract the bricks and mortar wherewith to add to their bulk. It is well known that increased stature follows a prolonged con- flnement upon a flat bed, and that a 6 ft. man at breakfast is by no means a 6 ft. man at dinner; a would-be recruit who is dangerously near the border line can, by taking thought, add an inch to his stature if he lies perfectly flat for some hours previous to the examination. Again, it is significant that the marine, though lowest in chest girth, is highest in stature of all 8er%-ice ratings; now, the marine does not adopt ham- mock life until a much later stage than the other branches, moreover, he has long interregna in barracks, when he sleeps on an ordinary bed. SOCIAL QUESTIONS. EUGENICS. According to Professor Karl Pearson, " national eugenics is the study of agencies under social control, that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally." In the Wo);/efore. Quick, up with it, then! For the right! For the IJght! I.eet legions of men Be lost in the night! MY FAITH. BY' E. CR A WSH AY-WILLIAMS'. I In the W esXinimter Gazette.) We in this weary world. Beset with littleness and steeped in strife. Tortured with doubt and dreamings unfulfilled, Xever at one with longing and vrith life — How can we help, in such black darkness hurled. But ask to what sad end that world was willed." Yet, turn we from the sorry-seeming show. Face the blue seas and the glad hills and sky, Look inward and confront our naked soul (Poor soul, that from its heaven sinks so low! Great soul, that from the gutter looks so high I) And a.iks what all this mystery can tell. Star calls to star and pole to sundered pole, "All's well!" March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 67 HISTORY OF THE MONTH m CARICATURE. Oh, wad some Power the giftie gie us To see ourselves as ithers see us. — Bums. Tlie nimble pencils of the cartoonists of the world have been chiefl}' occupied with the Balkan War, or rather, with the comj^lications m Europe which result from it. Jugend, a clever paper pub- lished in the Bavarian capital, neatly hits off the reason whv Servia must have a free port for her pigs, which are her chief product, and about which trouble with .\ustna — called the pig wars — -is everlasting. The fact that neither Turks nor Allies are realh' free to conclude peace as the\' like is indicated by the Times in New York in " The Turk Bar- gains," and bv the Kidcndo of Turin, which shows how the Peace Conference was really controlled by the Ambassa- dorial meeting in London. The evident dissension amongst the Allies, especiall)- between Bulgaria and Greece, over the possession of captured territor\- is brought out by the Daily y'etr York Sun.l Uncle Sam to Oiicanised Labour : " You are all right, my f-iend, but who is that behind your back?" W^T^ <^^\r- %Z'^^ 6 , t* Public Ledger.'] [Philadelphia. POWERLESS 1 (Pierpont Morgan stated before the Investiga- tion Committee that no matter how much money a man controlled, he was powerless to influence prices.) arisen, the Labour dail\' in London. The clever artist of the Jo/mud, of Min- neapolis emphasises the impotence of the Powers, and the determination of the Allies to keep what the\' have won. He also shows how the danger of a general European war is ever present, in " On the Anxious Seat." The Polish jour- nal Marcholt has recentl}- been publish- iner some of the cleverest cartoons on the situation. The artist emjMiasises — as is natural m a Pole — the way in which /Austria is torn this way and that by the medley of races which go to make u|- her Empire. He also i)ays tribute to the Kaiser as the real controller of Europe to-day. Curiously, man)- caricaturists have seized upon ^so]Vs fable of the wolf and the lamb to illustrate the atti tude of Austria to the Balkan League I publish one from the French Le Rire. 68 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1013. The Times ] [New York. The Turk Bargains. Minneapolis Joitrnttl.] '■' There ain't going to be no core ! " Ditity CittZfH.] Peaceful Paterfamilias (distributing the Turkey): " Now then, have you all got what yi>u like ? " Discontented Child; "Here. I'm not going to pit vip with this lot." . " • U.nly lltr.iul J [London. Europe, bound hand and foof by Militarism, sees the awful possibility of the Kalknn Rlflze spreading until the- wholc Continent is one conflagration. %^W»: I ^!_ r ^^- - Rulcnilo.] [Turin. The Two Conferences in London. The Ambassadors of the Great Powers directing the work of the Balkan delegates. Minneapolis Joiirnnl.] .Who'll start it ? The Brooklyn Eagle gives the first piled up by the European nations cartoon I have seen upon a very great against a possible war, become useless question Colossal armaments being if soldiers refuse to fight. The majority Marcli 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 69? of these men are workers who belong to great unions which are becoming- more and more fraternally allied to each other throughout Europe, irrespective of frontiers and national limitations. These unions have again and again declared their abhorrence of war, and deplored the ever nicreasing preparation for it. The tune may come when the workers of Europe will refuse absolutely to take up arms for the purpose of slaugh- tering one another in other people's quarrels, of which they have no know- ledge, and about which they have never been consulted. It becomes more and more evident that the permanent peace of the world is more likely to be brought about by those who work for their daily bread than by all the efforts of the greatest diplomatists. The New York Sun depicts the general feeling, not only in America, but throughout the world, about the recent outrages which have discredited organ- ised labour in the States. Mr. Pierpont Morgan has created quite a stir by his evidence before the Investigation Com- mittee in New York. It was published in detail in the newspapers, headed " A Sermon by Pierpont Morgan." The Daily Herald is hardly happy ni its cartoon dealing with the long overdue increase m pay Mr. Churchill recently introduced in the Navy. No award was made last year of the Nobel Pea^e Prize. The Committee state that no one could be found whose efforts in the cause of Peace warranted its presenta- tion. It is now well-known that my father had been selected as its recipient in 191 2. He would have had it before, but candidates for the Prize had for- merh- to nominate themselves, which he always refused to do. The National Revieiu, published in Hong Kong, gives some idea of the real progress that is being made in China. Bribery, corruption and graft are shown as having short shrift since the new President is firmly in office. The redoubtable William Jennings Bryan, who ran thrice for President of the United States, and entirely con- trolled the Convention which nominated Mr. Wilson, is the delight of the car- toonist. Sir George Reid's departure- must be a severe blow to " Hop " and vV\^v xS>---\ v^#J>T- Wts^>^ '■■'h'/J'^'l vvv^-v^^-"" Brooklyn EaoJe.J SUPPOSE HE WON'T GO. A possible European military problem. ,lii,,r,„l.] LMuiiii-h. THE l.irri.E WINDOW ON TlIK ADRIATIC. S9rvia simply wants the power to put her mer- chandise upon the markets of the world. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1013. MarclioU i Warsaw. The Kaiser: Peace Organist of Europe. UarchoUl ' (Warsaw.' Austria being forced into actioQ by her Subject Races. On the Anxious Seat. Daily Ilcralil.] ILjiid.in. Hang the Expense. [The Pritish N'avy has been granted lavish increases in pay all round, and there is a very excusable fear in many quarters that this pampering may weaken, the high moral fibre of the Service.] Madam Britannia : " There, my good man, tuppence for yourself, and promise me you will not be reckless witjx it ' " The Navy : " Well, mum, yer knows what we sailors, are — I don't know what we mightn't do if this 'ere lavish generosity goes on. Keepin' wives in every port, as we already do, it might tempt us to go in fcr Hareijis I " ' his confreres in this countr\\ Bryan's disappearance would be a disaster al- most as great as that of Mr. Roosevelt's to American cartoonists. The sketches I reproduce deal with Br)an's alliance with Wilson. His appointment as Chief Secretary has been violently criticised. It will, in some ways, increase Mr. W'il- son's difficulties, but must strengthen the determination of the Democrats to march on towards free trade, and to extricate their country from interna- tional entanglements — the Philippines, Cuba, the Monroe Doctrine, etc. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. yjifitieupults Journal.] Have the Peace-makers become extinct ? KUidderadaiscli.] [BerNn. No Nobel Peace Prize In 1912. The Great Powers of Europe are not yet able to say Peace. Le Riie.] On the Uanuhe. AUSTRl^-HUNG^RV : " How dare you dirty the water 1 am drinking ! " said the Wolf to the Lamb. (Curiously both Cartoonists have baaai their Sketches on the same rable of .i-sop.) [Piris. 72 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. W# Bits* ro*' f^y "AND THEY LIVED HAPPILY EVER AFTER. ETC."? From the Adverliser (Montgomery, Alabama) \9a> ^5%>-^^K«J^ VERY ^tAR TO H' villi'; I'KI.^IUKNCV; AT LASI From the Journal (Boston) CO AWAY From the Call (San Francisco) Other cartoons on page 7$.) Hcvicw of Revicus, 1/3/13. FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS QUARTER. CONDUCTED BY ALEX. JOBSON, ATA. THE NATIONAL MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALASIA LIMITED. The average policy-holder, when read- ing the latest report of the Life Office in which he is assured, is naturally prone to attach too much importance to the volume of new policies it records. That feature in a report, though inter- esting, is really worth much less notice than the movement of the expense ratio, whose fluctuations largely govern the bonuses the policyholder is likely to get. In the case of the National Mutual Life, for instance, many members have no doubt been much impressed with the in- crease of over ;{i^ 1 50,000 in the new busi- ness, to ;£'3, 593,000, in the September 191 2 year. But that is not nearly so satisfactory as the reduction in the ratio of expenses to premium income by i^ per cent, to 1894 per cent. This means that, had the expenses in 191 2 been at the 191 1 ratio, the society would have spent ^,^1 3,800 more than it did. The re- duction, too, IS gratifying, because in the face of it, the new premiums did not fall, but on the contrary, rose, by over i:43oo to /: 1 20,500. This is now the second year in suc- cession that the expense ratio has been lowered, but it will have to be reduced still further before the society can show as low a figure as that of either of the other two large Australian offices. The Directors are, no doubt, striving to at- tain to such an end. They will pro- bably get it in time, but it will be a long time, unless the volume of new business gives pride of place to the question of expense. The new business, in such an event, would no doubt fall away, but only for a time, for, with a really low expense rate the society's profits would so increase, and bonuses so materially improve, that the pursuit of new business at a reasonable cost would be a much less difficult matter. * * * This point is important, for the power of the society to hold the business it gets, did not improve in 191 2. In the previous period the renewal premium income increased by over 53 per cent, of the new premiums obtained in '910, whereas last year the growth was barely 47 per cent. The latter increase is not at all a bad one, still, it is over 6 per cent, below that of 191 1. This may be only a temporary set-back, yet its occur- rence is not altogether satisfactory. A most encouraging feature is the rise (though only slight), of the interest earned on the funds, from £4 14s. id. per cent. to £4 14s. /d. per cent. This rate is even better than it looks, for had the society computed it on the method adopted by most offices, it would have come out at over £4 17s, As it is, the rates and taxes, ^^9800, were deducted from the interest income, and the rate computed on the balance, which brings out a lower percentage, but is based on sound principles. * * * Of more importance, however, is the conservative valuation of the policy lia- bilities, and of the assets. A satisfactory answer concernin'^' the former was given b>' the last triennial investigation, in 19 10 In regard to the assets, the posi- tion is not so clear, for no information is given as to the \aluation of the assets. Their total is now ^^"7,^/7.000 (a growth of nearlv :(;"6oo,ooo for the year\ made up chiefly of loans on mortgages, ^^4.527,000; freehold property, ^8 1 3,000 ; loans on policies. ^^'720,000 ; 74 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March I, 1913. Government, and other public securities, iJ'460.000 ; cash, ^^277,000 ; other loans, iJ" 1 78,000 ; building- societ)- shares, ^^"48,500 ; deferred instalments of pre- miums, i^i 30,000 ; and properties ac- quired b}' foreclosure, ^^^64,000. The amount in Government securities is small, compared with the mortgages and the freehold propert}-, which, to- gether bear the heavy proportion of over 70 per cent, of the total assets. Such a marked preference for real estate investment is somewhat disquieting when one remembers how the crash in real es- tate in 1893 crippled several life offices, and severely injured others. It is still more so, when one notes the large hold- ing in builduig societ\- shares, a holding suggestnig very strongh- the quer\- as to how much of the mortgages of ;£"4, 5 27,000 is building society securities. The Directors have, however, no fears on the matter, for during igi2 over i^5 10,000 of the increased funds, ^^"589,000, was lent on mortgage. More- over, the chairman stated that freehold property, " in \-our Directors' opinion, is the most stable and satisfactory form of investment for the funds of a life assur- ance compan)-." Such a statement the histor}- of the land boom does iiot support, and polic}holders will do well to get some more definite statement in specific terms as to the value of the assets, especial 1}- in connection with the building societ}' securities. COMMERCIAL BANKING COMPANY OF SYDNEY LTD. The upward movement of about £"8000 in this bank's December, 191 2. profit, to ^^132,01 1, was not altogether unexpected. Early in 191 2 a fresh issue of i^2 50,000 of capital was made, and as most of this was paid up in June, 191 2, it was considered extremel}' pro- bable that practically the whole of it would be in at December 31, thus en- tailing a heavier dividend charge. As a matter of fact, there was only £1 1,500 of capital unpaid at the close of the period, and the 10 per cent, jjer annum half-\-earlv dividend charge was accord- ingl\' iJ"86,300 — about £\ i,ooo above the June charge. Still the profit declared was ample to meet this, and in addition to permit of ;i£"40,ooo being added to the reserve fund, raising it to iJ"i, 580,000, leaving ;^5700 to be carried forward in the profit and loss account — iJ"6o,200. ^ * * During 191 2 the Xew South Wales State Government expenditure was very heavy, and the Government balances with the banks shrunk accordingly. For- tunately for this bank, the ordinary cus- tomers' deposits, both current and fixed, rose, both in number and in volume, and so checked this drain. But the\- did not suffice to prevent the deposits falling in the vear by almost i;"36o,ooo, to less than i^20, 590,000. In addition to this. the bills m circulation decreased by about i^22,ooo, to /^ 1, 3 10,000. while the withdrawal of ;£"42.ooo of notes, reduc- ing the circulation to ^^37,000, also in- creased the drain. The bank's lending power was, neces- saril}', weakened b}- this outgo, by over ;^423,ooo. Still, for all that, the cus- tomers' demands for loans did not suf- fer to anv great extent. The advances instead of being reduced, were increased by about ^^3 3 0,000, to ;£■ 1 4,09 1 ,000. For the extra funds required to meet the new loans, and the declining deposits, the bank drew on its liquid assets, and these dropped, by ^435,000, to ;^i 0,772,000. The decrease would have been still greater, but fortunately the new capital paid up, and the current profits, pro- vided about ;^340,ooo. * * * Notwithstanding these adverse move- ments, the bank's strength was not weak- ened in any marked degree. A year ago the liquid assets represented just over 50 per cent, of the public liabilities, whereas they are now 49 per cent., which is still an excellent proportion. # * * The introduction of the new paid- up capital, combined with the decrease Bevicw of Ei'vicu-g, ijsllS. F/XAXCE AXD BUSINESS. 75 in liabilities, has materially improved the margin of assets over the bank's obligations to the public. That margin is a ver)- satisfactory one. for there are now, for every i^ioo of liabilities, over £iiS 8s. in assets, where in December, 191 1, there were onh' ;/?! n 12s. For some time bank shares have been extremely low on the Sydney Stock Ex- change, chiefly because of the dear money, and also, no doubt, because in- vestors inclined to bank stocks have other more pressing uses for their money. Yet this bank's shares (£12 I OS., paid with a reserve liability oi £12 I OS.), are decidedly attractive at the cur- rent price of £2^ los. For one thing, they are much below the average price of ;^29 for the past ten years. More- over, the assets xalue per share, after allowing for the liabilities, is over £24 4s., and anyone bu}-ing at £2^ los. is accordingly only paying £i 6s. for in- ner reserves. The yield, too (£4 iSs.), is a good one. At the same time, the shares are not likely to rise to any great extent until money becomes cheaper, while the uncertainty as to the actual effect the competition of the Commonwealth Bank will have on the bank's business weighs heavih^ with timid investors. NORTH COAST STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD. This steamship company, which is the chief one trading on the New South Wales coast, did very well in the Decem- ber, 1 91 2, half-year, for the net profits amounted to /^ 14,1 85 — about i^8oo uiure than they were in the previous June. The Directors did not admit more than .£"12,824 having been made, but one finds the insurance and suspense account was increased by £1^61, to £^5 5,649, which, of course, came out of the earn- ings. It has been the Directors' policy for years now not to admit any more profit than will just about meet the half- yearly dividend, which accounts for the small balance of £^824 transferred to the dividend equalisation reserve, after paying the 8 per cent, per annum half- yearly dividend of /" 1 2,000. The company, in common ^^•ith other coastal steamship concerns, is having trouble over the question of wages. Several claims for altered conditions and increases of pay are now being con- sidered, and though, of course, it is doubtful as to what the outcome will be, it is very probable that the companies will have bigger wages bills to pay in the near future. But this may not affect the North Coast Company materi- ally, for it has a large dividend equali- sation reserve of nearly ;{~ 13,900 out of which to meet any deficiency in the pro- fit in regard to the dividend. During the half-\'ear two new boats were placed in commission, while a third should arrive about the middle of 1913. The cost of these new steamers has had no apparent influence on the steamer asset, which, on the contrary, has fallen, by over ;£io,300, to ;£3 15,000. It may be that the June, 191 2, period met most of the outlay of these boats, and that the depreciation written off in the past half-year has swamped the further pa\-- ments on this account. The steamers are, the report states, all in good order, and full}- insured. It omits, however, to state the amount of insurance, which in the June statement was set down at i:309,50O. * * * There was, in addition to the above decrease, a fall of ;{^i6oo in sundry debtors, to ^41,800, but the bulk of this total reduction was made up by increases in the remaining assets, so that the de- cline for the half-}'ear was only ;£"i700, to i^4i 5,400. The rise of ;£3400 in the money invested, to i^i 5,200, combined with the decrease of about ;/r90oo in the liability of money held on deposit, to ;£, 10,500, was chiefl}' responsible for this. For, whereas in June there was a net lia- bility of £77800, tlicre is now an asset of £'4500. The remaining- assets are insurance suspense account, ^Ti 1,100 (£7300 in June), freehold property and workshop, £"26,000 (£^25,000) ; and stores and coal on hand, £ri6,8oo 76 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. (-£^15,600). It is satisfactory to note that the company's liabilities have been re- duced by about ;£^5ooo in the half-year. to ;£33,8oo. This was due to a reduc- tion of i^iooo on the overdraft to £^3900, and to the decrease in deposits already mentioned. On the other hand, the sundry creditors rose, by about ;£40OO, to ^^'30,000. At the time of writing, this company's shares (300,000 fully paid to £i), are selling at 28s. The return on this price is just under 5| per cent., which is on the low side, for a concern such as this. Still, as regards the assets value, to which, however, the investor attaches much less importance, the shares are not really dear. The surplus assets amount to ;!f369,542, securing paid-up capital of i^300,ooo ; insurance and repairs re- serve, iJ"5 5,649 ; dividend equalisation reserve, £i^,'ig^ ; and work out at 24s. 8d. per share. This, of course, assumes that the insurance and repairs reserve is a joint one, in which respect we have no good reason to think other^vise. In the above price of 28s. there is, accord- ingly, 3s. 4d. for goodwill, in the aggre- gate, ^^50,400, under 2\ years' purchase on the past five years' average profits. Notwithstanding this moderate esti- mate of the goodwill and inner reserves, the shares are, probably, not worth more than 28s., for there is no good ground to expect an increase in the dividend rate at present, while the earning power of the company is always liable to be seriously prejudiced by the bad harbour bars on the North Coast, and by the ever-increasing labour demands. National /»ev/cK'.] New Forces io Old China. [China Sj'.ional iJctifu .] [China. Russian Demands. President Yuan Shih-k'ai : 'Art; you quite sure this is all ? ' Eeview of Errjcirs, 113/13. 77 THE DIGNITY OF BUSINESS. BY H. E. MORGAN, MANAGER OF THE GREAT BOOKSTALL AND DISTRIBUTING FIRM OF W. H. SMITH & SOX, LONDON. " At the time of the restoratiou, the industry and comnieixe of Japan was very low in public opinion and in the social scale, the military and political classes only being considered honour- able I began the new era with tiie same idea, and for five or sis. years pursued a political career, rising- to the position of Vice-Minister of Finance. Then I realised that the real force of progress lay in the actual business, not in politics, and that the business elements were really most influential for the advancement of the country. So I gave up my political position and devoted my life to business."— Baron Shibusawa. There is no more startling fact in the actual condition of Great Britain than that a ]:)eople whose greatness was made by business, and whose position in this world depends solely upon business, should deliberatel)- and traditionally teach boys and }oung men of those classes, from which we may expect higher intelligence and inherited ability, to despise business. Year by year the public schools and the universities re- ceive those of the growing youth of England who start life with ever\' ad- vantage of surroundings and with every incentive to carry on worthily the tradi- tions of their family and their class and of their country. Every year also the schools and the universities launch an equal number of educated products upon the world, who, in many cases, are then forced to seek a vocation which will enable them to support themselves and work out their destin)-. In very many cases the sending of a boy to a public school and university practically e.xhausts the available resources of his parents, and they are not able to do much further in the wa)- of supporting him later. A F.AT.AL LURE. Those who have passed through the public schools or universities emerge from these educational institutions more or less successfully educated ; but nearly all, with a few brilliant excep- tions, have thoroughl)- learned to look down upon business. Unconsciousl)'. perhaDS, this seems to be the common denominator of the modern education of the higher classes quite irre?^pective of whether thev study classics or mathe- matics. The material is of the best and much that is taught in the universities is excellent from a business standpoint ; but the fact remains that instead of the average university graduate coming into the world fitted to help his country on to greatness, he becomes a free agent, onl\' to despise what should be his pride — the business world. Having man\' talents, these young men, who should be of the greatest service to the nation as leaders in the world of business, too fre- quentl)' find themselves condemned to the mechanical posts of Government De- partments or financial houses. The fatal lure of so-called respectable call- ings has been, and is to-day, responsible for many dwarfed careers and broken hearts amongst men who have given the most brilliant promise in school and col- lege. Minor Government posts with their monotony, counterbalanced with their safety and lack of adventure, at- tract many. To be paid to work and to be paid for stopping work sums up the ideal of many who enter Govern- ment service. But e\er)- good man who is absorbed into one or other of the mechanical sections of national machiner)- is a distinct loss to the future prosperity of the country, since, if he had embraced a business career, he would have participated possibly to a extent in the ever-growing ver\' large trade and industry of this country. 15USINESS — S0C1.\L SUiriDE. W hat we need to realise is what the old Samurai Shibusawa did when Japan was still a military feudal country. Here we see a man descended from a 78 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March I, 1913. military family, proud of his family and of his rank, deliberately, because of his supreme recognition of the dignity of business, becoming a business man at a time when to do so was the equivalent of social suicide. The lack of recogni- tion of the dignity of business in Great Britain comes in part from the feudal sentiment which still pertains in so much of our life, and which regards business men as little better than paid hucksters, and quite outside the pale. But sureh' those responsible for the education at public school or university realise fully that such a point of view is no longer tenable. To-day business has as much dignity as any of the much-lauded pro- fessions, and calls for as many qualities of brain. Young men should recognise that there is no sport so enduringly fas- cinating as that of matching their brains against all comers. THE BEST NOW NEEDED. This realisation should bring added zest to the study of higher mathematics or of the advanced classics, since such mental gymnastics must be as beneficial to the brain of the university man when he becomes a business man as are the various physical exercise systems to the body of the athlete. It would, however, be wrong to say that the business com- munity is indifferent to or looks down upon the training of the university man. There are some, but not enough, notable successes in business from the 'varsity. The business community of the country needs the best men that the country has to give, and is awakening to a realisa- tion of this need more and more every day. To-day the nation realises that the personnel of the business world is a question of national importance. Nor is this to be wondered at when we re- member that the prosperity of our com- mercial undertakings is practically synonymous with the prosperity of the nation ; and those, therefore, who are trul}' alive to the welfare of their coun- try must admit that business efficiency and progress are matters of the greatest urgency. And greater business efficiency is impossible and not to be hoped for unless steps are taken to bring into com- mercial circles the best of the land. WHAT GERMANY DOES. If examples were wanted we need go no farther than Germany, where we find the business of the countr}' largely directed by men who have been edu- cated in universities, and who have grasped the fundamental fact that in being efficient business men they are ful- filling to the utmost their opportunities as citizens, and that their profession ranks second to none. The business man who seriousl\- thinks about his business and its relation to the national welfare must surely be thrilled with pride, conscious and unconscious, at the knowledge that but for him and his pre- decessors there would be no British Em- pire, and that instead of British citizen- ship ranking as a British asset in the world, it would have been of no account. Business has made the dignity of the British Empire, and citizens of the centre of the Empire cannot do less to- day than realise the dignity of that force which has made them great. I do not hesitate to say that once clear re- flection has impressed the fact of the dignity of business upon the minds of the rising generation there will be no holding back, and the business circles of this country will obtain more of those first-class, cultivated and able men who are naturally fitted for positions of leadership. Opportunities for the right men are to be found in ever\' business ; the difficulty has been to find the men. If a college education can make up a man's mind in one direction, there is no reason why it should not in another ; and a developed self-confidence, added to the studied mental detachment which is one of the hall-marks of university education, can hardly fail to be of the greatest advantage to business enter- prise. BUSINESS — WHAT IT IS MADE. Those who urge that in business they must mix with undesirable elements and undergo unpleasant experiences forget that business is largely what it is made by the individual, and that a man of real worth has absolute control of the treatment he receives. Through the lift- ing of the ideal of business and a fuller recognition of its dignity, an improving Bevieic of Reviews. 113/13. 7///:; DIGNITY OF BUSINESS. 79 process must set in in the business com- munity itself, and it is obvious that when business comes to be regarded as an illustrious career, drawing its recruits from every class of the community, the whole commercial prosperity of the country must benefit. I am convinced that adoption of the true idea of the dignity of business with its unlimited possibilities, based not on keen internal competition, but rather on efforts to gain the markets of the world, should show to those who now shudder at the idea of trade that in business there is the greatest opportunity possible to play a part in maintaining the Empire. Busi- ness must not be regarded as the last resort. The class which believes that they are born to lead must lead in the vital affairs of the nation or else relinquish their claim to leadership — and who can deny that business is a vital affair? It must not be taken that I advocate that everyone leaving the university or public school should go into business. There must be soldiers and sailors, there must be clerg_\- and barristers, and bankers and civil servants. 1 admit that the more enlightened have ceased to attack business as a career, but those who still do so and ]X»int out the drawbacks of undue competition and the lack of gentlemanly feelings in business rela- tions would do well to realise that the blame lies with themselves rather than with the business community ; they, being more highly gifted, have deliber- ately abstained from using their endow- ments to raise the level of business deal- in>gs to a refined and moral height approaching their ideal. The business community, on the other hand, will pro- babl\- urg'e with a certain amount of truth that recruits from those classes who have not hitherto applied them- selves to business will be of small value. This, of course, is true only so long as these regard business as a distasteful occupation, and in offering themselves as recruits do so with an air of exag- gerated sacrifice. ACTIVE BRAINS NEEDED. Business is business, and those who wish for an opening must have sonic- thing to offer to make themselves worth while. As a rule, the men who succeed in entering the business world are those who offer their services as an advantage to the business man, while those who fail are seeking employment on the ground of advantage to themselves. With training in the home, in the school, and in the college, these difftculties will disappear, but, as is natural, gradually. Meanwhile the business community needs fresh blood and active brains. It is necessary, therefore, that steps should be taken to bring into organised touch the two worlds — the university and business. At present there is a lack of contact and a lack of appreciation either of needs or desires, while the hap- hazard application from university stu- dent to business man is only too apt to result in nothing. As for the business community seeking recruits from the university, this practically does not take place to-day. Experiments have been made, but principalU' amongst the waifs and strays from universities and public schools who are almost unem- ployable, excei:)t in the polite diversion of private secretaryships. Such as come from that class have drifted into com- mercial careers late in life without enthusiasm and with a perfecth' honest but mistaken dislike for a business career, which is fatal to success. AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE. What is needed is some common meeting-ground which will co-ordinate the desires of the rising generation and the needs of the business community. This should take the form of a central bureau under the direction of an ad- visory committee, formed of business men and educational authorities, who would gradually work out by practice an ideal method of securing the best embryo ability in our great scholastic institutions, and enabling the various branches of the business community to use this new and available material to the best advantage. From amongst the business men on the advisory committee there would he several ready week bv week to interview applicants for busi- ness openings, to advise them and to hell) them. The needs of employers and 8o REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March l, 1913. the names of applicants would all be registered ni this bureau, and the good effect mutually upon the educational in- stitutions and the business community must be far-reaching. Such a bureau would cost but little to run, and should be self-supporting at a very early stage. Apart from the direct benefit to 'varsity men and others of the joint com- mittee of business men and the repre- sentatives of the educational authorities, these two bodies should do a great deal of good to each other. It should cer- tainly go a long wa}' to proving to the scholastic authorities that they were pro- ducing an article which was unfitted for this particular phase of existence, and they should give much valuable infor- mation as to how to adjust their educa- tional system to produce a more adapt- able article, and it should also give the business communit}' a certain insight into the uses which could be made of this material. MANUFACTORY a *i ► K.'^ DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING MR. MORGAN S PROPOSAL. Revicv: of Revieics, 1/3113. THE BOOK OF THE MONTH. SATAN'S VISIBLE WORLD.* W/tere are you g The criminal Law Amendment Bill has passed. . . . Scotland Yard has full power . . . but all who know anything of such matters realise that this is but one step forward. But even now the many know of the underworld as a name only. Hence this vivid novel of Miss Robins. Usually the " novel with a purpose " is so over- laid with the "purpose" that "art" is nearly invisible. There is no need to fear that when the author of the Open Question uses her pen. Her artistic genius takes the dry bones of facts and clothes them with a humanity so in- tensely natural that when, as in this case, she has to put before us a tragedy that even to think of is agony no one will wonder if we say that Where Are You Going? is a book to be read only in the innermost sanctuary of the home, and when read to be kept in the memory as a never-dying incentive to action. MOTHER BUT NOT COMPANION. The story can scarcely be said to have a plot ; it' is a simple narration of a terrible happening, during which we see right into the hearts of the actors. The opening scene shows us a widow, who is living in a quiet country place with her two little daughters. Of her circum- stances we get but a hint or two. There is no extraneous word to blur the chief action, so even the family name is not mentioned, nor that of the elder girl. So as the heroine, for our purpose, needs a name, we will call her " Sister." Sister, after telling of the care taken of them both, and especially of Bettma, says: "There was nothing the least tragic about my mother's usual looks or moods. She was merely gentle and aloof. She played for us to dance. "T^^^l^ere are~Yo^r^G^i^gr By^EUzabeth Robins. (Heinemann. 6b.) oiitg to. . . .? And she played for us to sing. But after Bettina and I had gone through our gay little action songs, and after we had sung all together our glees and catches, we would be sent upstairs to do lessons in the morning-room — which was our schoolroom under the cheer- fuller name. " Then sitting alone, between day- light and dark, our mother would sing for herself songs of such sadness as youth could hardh^ bear. I think we were not expected to hear them." In some way which is never explained to us a shadow hangs over the house- hold. From a word occasionally drop- ped it would seem that the mother had had cause to fear the evil in a man. Yet, instead of explaining to her daugh- ter the facts of life, her one thought seems to have been to wrap them up in cotton wool. " SISTER." "Sister" is really the mainspring of the household. She acts as nurse to her delicate mother and as companion and guide to her pretty, wayward little sister, about whom her mother seems continually to fear, and Sister has to promise that she will never remit that care. The two girls have no relations, so far as they know, except a vague idea that their father had a step-sister, Mrs. Josephine Harborough, who had brought him up, but being much dis- pleased at his marriage, she had hitherto taken no notice of them. She has by chance met a doctor who, because of undermined health, has taken a cottage in their neighbourhood, where he has a laboratory. The mother's ill- ness brings him in contact with the family, and Sister becomes so absorbed by the deep attraction he has for her 82 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March, 1, 191S. that even the little sister is less carefully looked after. So their life goes on, varied occasion- ally for Bettina by visits to the neigh- bour's family, that of the Earl of Helm- stone. Then one mournful night the mother is taken ill, and heart disease is diagnosed. Sister tells of the agony : " That was the day I came to know the steadying influence of a call to face great issues. " I remembered that people were sup- posed to faint when they heard news like that. For myself, I had never felt so clear-headed ; never felt the respon- sibility of life so great ; never felt that for us to fail in bearing our share was so unthinkable. " If this Majesty of Death were soon to clothe my mother, her children must not hide and weep. They must help her, help each other to meet the Great King at the gate." Recovering somewhat, the mother tells Sister, after much pressing, that they have been living upon their capital, and that when she dies her tiny pension as an officer's widow will die with her. In their straits she tells Sister that she must write to the Aunt Josephine. Sister's owTi love story now comes in, but for that the reader must turn to the book it- self. Hence a delay in writing to Mrs. Harborough. The letter is written at length, is immediately answered with an mvitation to London, and a bountiful cheque to buy clothes. THE CLOVEN HOOF. The mother has the remains of a lovely wardrobe, but the village dress- maker is not equal to a London outfit. Bettina remembers the address of a woman whom Hermione Helmstone had employed, and sends for her. The mother instinctivel}' dislikes her. " Madame Aurore was little and wasted and shrill. She had deep scars in her neck, and dead-looking yellow hair. " She was drenched in cheap scent. " Her untidy, helter-skelter dress gave no hint of the admirable taste she lavished upon others. " She saw at once what we ought to have, and she talked about our clothes with an enthusiasm as great as Betty's own. "'Ah, but, Madame!' she remon- strated dramatically when my mother showed her the new white satin which was for me, and a creamy lace gown which was to be modernised for Bettina — ' not bot of dem white !' " My mother explained that my gown was to have rose-coloured garnishing. "'Mais non! mais non!' Madame must pardon her for the liberty, but she, Madame Aurore, could not bring her- self to see our chief advantage thrown away. " ' What, then, was our chief advan- tage?^' Betty demanded. " What, indeed, but the contrast be- tween us ! The moment she laid eyes on the hair of Mademoiselle Bettine she had said to herself : the frock of Made- moiselle Bettine should be that tender green of tilleul — with just a note of bleu de del. Oh, a dress of spring-tii.ij — an April dress, a gay little dress, for all its tenderness! A dress to make happy the heart of all who look thereon." The outfit is duly prepared, the little dressmaker being very friendly and talkative ; so the photograph of Aunt Josephine is shown to her — and disap- pears. THE SNARE. The two girls start for London, but. her mother being ill. Sister decides that she will only take Bettina and stay one night. Bettina is the more ready to go, for she has supposed Ranny Dallas, whom she has met at Lord Helmstone's, is her lover, but they have quarrelled, and he has entangled himself with a girl he does not really love. At \^ictoria the aunt comes forward to meet them — a glorious vision dressed as in the photograph, but younger look- ing and thinner than Sister had ex- pected. The reader will not need to be told that the woman was infamous. Happily elated, and also tired, the girls do not know in what direction they are being taken ; and are surprised at the magnificence of their aunt's house and at her many tall footmen. There is a fine dinner, manv wines, but men with Beview of Reviews. 1/3/13. JHE BOOK OF THE MONTH. 83 queer manners. Bettina is happily ex- cited, and is urged on to sing, and even to show the action dances her mother had taught her. THE WARNING. But the man who takes Sister in is moved to pity, perhaps for the only time of his life. Seating her on a lounge, he says : — • There ! Now can you sit quite still for a few minutes? xAs still as if I were taking }'Our picture?-' I said I supposed I could. ' And must I looked pleasant ?' I laughed. He hesitated, and then : 'How good are your nerves?' he asked. " ' Very good,' I boasted. " But he was grave. " ' Have \ou ever fainted ?' " ' Never !' I said, a little indignantlv. " ' Could you hear something ver\^ im- expected, even horrible, and not cry out?' " ' You know something ! ' I thought of an accident to mother. 'You have news for me. " ' Careful,' he said in a sharp whis- per. ' You told me you could keep per- fectly still. If you can't, I won't go on.' I begged him to go on, and I kept my face a blank. He turned his head slightl}' and took in the group at the other end of the room. He sat so a moment, with his eyes still turned away, while he said : ' Everything — more than life — depends on your self-control dur- ing the next few minutes.' "I sat staring at him as still as stone. " ' Have you any idea where you are?' ■ — and still he looked not at me. but to- wards the others." Then the " sad- faced man " told Sister in what kind of a house she was, that the woman, so like a grey hawk, was not really her aunt, whose house was at least twenty minutes distant by taxi — how impossible it was for him to do anything, or for her to get Bettina away. He would get Sister out through the door, and she must rush for a taxi and go to the real aunt in Lowndes .Square for help. "He was domg all he could to calm and steady me, he said. And certainly he tried to make me feel that what to me was like a maniac's nightmare, an abysmal horror beggaring language and crucifying thought — it was all a com- monplace to men and women of the world. 'Human nature!' 'Human nature!' — like the tolling of a muffled bell. Bishops and old ladies imagined you could alter these things. Take India — •' I've been there. I knew an offi- cial who'd had charge of the chaklas.' " ' Now ! now !' I hardly noticed that he took his blood-stained handkerchief out of mv hand. For Bettina had come forward and stood poised, holding her green skirt with both hands, like a child about to curtsey. I stood up. All the room was dancing with my little sister. I got to the door. ' Where are you going to . . . ?' Betty sang. But she was too amused and excited to notice me. " My companion had crossed the room, and was bending over the Grey Hawk. -She looked round at him sur- prised, mocking . " -Some power came to help me across the threshold. A footman started up out of the floor and stood before me. 'Where are you going?' he echoed Betty. " ' I am waiting for — one of the crentlemen,' I said, and I steadied mvself against a chair. If Betty's song stopped I should know we had failed." The rush is made. Sister takes a cab to Lowndes Square. Alas ! in her agony she is not capable of consecutive thought. " I stood ringing. I thundered at the knocker. I beat the door with m\- fist. " An old man 0])ened at last. THE V.\IN .-APPEAL. " ' Mrs. liarborough ! Where is she ?' The old man tried to keep me out. But he was gentle and frail. I forced my way past. " At last ! A room where a woman sat alone — reading by a shaded light. "'Who are you?' 1 cried out. She laid her book in her lap. 'Are you Mrs. Harborough ? Then come — come quickly. . . . I'll tell you on the way— — ' 84 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March l, WIS. "The old woman lifted the folds of her double chin and looked at me through spectacles. " ' You must come and help me to get Bettina . . .' I broke into distracted sobbing on the name. ' Bettina ! Bettina !' I seized the lady's hand and tried to draw her out of her chair. " But I was full of trembling. She sat there massive, calm, with a power of inert resistance that made me feel I could as easily drag her house out of the Square by its knocker as move the woman planted there in her chair. " Neither haste nor perturbation in the voice that asked me : ' What has hap- pened ?' "'Not yet!' I cried out. 'Nothing has happened }et ! But we must be quick. Oh, God. let us be quick !' " LOST. But these old people did not know \\hat quickness was. There is a terrible scene later when Sister has rushed, in her slight evening dress, to a police sta- tion. After an inspector has written pages with a stubb}', pointless pencil, he asks: "And where is this house?-" " ' It is— it is ' "A pit of blackness opened. I felt myself falling headlong. I heard a cr\' that made m\- flesh writhe — as though the cry had been Bettina's, and not mine. "A voice said : ' It is not possible you have forgotten the address !' " I had never known it ! " Then Sister faints. . . . A suggestion is made when she re- covers that the}- should try the Alton Street station. " There, shamefaced. I asked ]\Irs. Harborough if the inspector knew of ' any house where a woman takes young girls.' "She and all the rest were one as silent as the other, till I steadied my voice to say again, this time to the man himself: 'You have no knowledge, then, of " such a place " ?' " ' I don't say that,' he answered. " I looked at him bewildered. ' You mean you do know of a house — a house where * " He hesitated too. ' We know some,' he said '"Don't wait to write it all asrain !' I prayed. ' Telephone for help.' " But he, too, made little of the need for haste. " He. too, made much of what I had noticed as we left \'ictoria — the homely woman and the policeman watching as we drove away. " ' You think,' Mrs. Harborough said, 'that the woman was suspicious?' " ' No doubt — and no doubt the policeman was suspicious too.' The in- spector spoke with pride. Oh, we get to know those people ! The}' meet the trains. The}-'re at the docks when ships come in.' " It was then I saw that my aunt could be stirred too. ' If the policeman knew.' she said — 'if he so much as suspected, why did he not stop the motor?"' " The inspector shook his head. "' Wh}- didn't he arrest the woman?-' He is not allowed.' said the in- spector." THE BROKEN TRAIL. So passes a night of untold agony, aunt, policemen, Sister, all equally help- less. No wonder that as a result Sister is taken dangerously ill. No one is al- lowed to see her. At length she begs to see Bettina's lover. He comes, or rather she hears the step of an old man coming upstairs. "Then Rann}' lifted his e}-es. " Oh, poor eyes ! Poor soul looking out of them ! Ranny,' I whispered, ' speak to me.' "'I have failed,' he said. He leaned heavily against the chair. " ' I have heard,' I managed to say, ' how hard }'0u have been trying.' "'But I have failed!' he said once more, and I hope I may never again hear such an accent. " I pointed to the chair ; we could neither of us speak for a while. And then he cleared his throat. " ' They took her out of that house and hid her,' he said. ' And then thev took her abroad. I traced her to their house in Paris. But she had gone. Al- wavs I have been too late !' " Review of Revieus, US/IS. J//^ BOOK OF THE MONTH. So- hopeless. Sister refuses to see her own lover, ♦vho has been doing his utmost for her, raging that anyone should trouble about anything save Bettina. Meanwhile the mother has passed away absolutely ignorant of all that has happened. Sister makes no effort to live, and, in spite of the care lavished upon her by her aunt, is getting weaker and weaker, when one night, or early morning rather, stands out clear. " \"aguel\' I remembered a renewed struggle and a fresh defeat. Xow, strangely unaccountably I had waked out of deep sleep with a feeling quite safe and sure at last that Bettv^ was f)) ree. Sister is sure that now at last Bettina is dead, and is thankful. Lying in her bed — the sleeping nurse by the window^ — Sister sees Bettina's face outlined against a cloud. " It seemed to me that a pale young face — not like the Bettina I had known, and still Bettina's face — was leaning down out of Heaven to bring me com- fort. " But as I looked I saw there was high purpose as well as a world of pit}' in the face, as though she would have me know that not in vain her innocence had borne the burden of sin. "And I was full of wondering. Till suddenly T realised that not to comfort me alone, nor mainly, was Betty lean- ing out of Heaven . . . she was come to do for others what no one had done for her. " I knelt clown by the window and thanked m)- sister. " Others shall thank her too." This is the bare outline of one part of this intensely moving tale, written to give realit}' to the horrors which no police reports, not even the Pall Mall accounts of '85, could make human enough for the present needed purpose, for reports are en bloc, and so unhuman. The stor)' as I have given it here is necessarily incomplete, and must suffer from that. Bettina, oh, Bettina ! I have not dared to picture her here in all her innocent loveliness and charm. Miss Robins has mercifulh' drawn a veil when the picture became too terrible to contemplate, and though the ending may seem to be left too much to the imagination of the reader, is not Miss Robins right in refusing the ordinary banal ending to a novel which deals with realities? AN UNCOMPROMISING BISHOP. FrancU Paget, Bishop of Oxford. (Macmillan and Oo. 15s. net.) There are some men \\hom to know is to love, but the difficulty is to get to know them. The one thing abso- lutely certain is that none could fail to respect the Bishop of Oxford, whilst those who knew him found it hard to analyse the secret of the spell he wielded in his jDcrsonal intercourse. The Archbishop of Canterbury says of him : " Hardly ever among all the changes and chances of such days of work on Commissions and Committees, or days of leisure when travelling in the Italian i\lps, did I see him either seriously ruffled in temper or lacking m gracious courtesy or in resourcefulness and buoyancy of thought and action. This, surely, 'may be claimed without misgiving b\- those who have learned from him and loved him : that he never failed to make effort seem worth while." I suppose, however, to those who only met him occasional 1)- the reserve of his demeanour and his extreme dignity would be the chief impression carried away. Reading- this story of his life by his brother and his son-in-law. the idea strongl}' impressed upon us is that his humility was so entire that it made him tower above all others, not because of anything in himself, but because of the power \vhich worked through him. Such a book as this, however, can scarcely be described. It must be read as a whole in order to get the true im- pression of a man whose nobility was so great and influence so far-reaching. 86 Beview of Reviews, II Si IS, NOTABLE BOOKS OF THE MONTH. AN INDIAN RULER IN EUROPE. Travel Pictures. By Sir Bhawani Singh. (Long- mans. 6s. net.) The Raj Rana Bahadur of Jhalawar, one of the Rajputani States, paid a visit to Eng^land in 1904, and kept a diary during that time, primarily for the benefit of his people, whose ideas of European civilisation are, of course, vague. The Raj Bahadur did not pub- lish- his diary until after the Corona- tion Durbar, when he submitted it to King George, who accepted the dedica- tion of the volume. CARDS FOR HIGH AND LOW. It is very amusing as well as interest- ing to travel through various places Avith this brilliant Indian ruler, for being a very observant man, numbers of little details which to us are com- monplaces attracted his attention, and he carefully described them for the pleasure of his people. Thus, for in- stance, passing through Madrid, he visited the great public library there, and was very much pleased with the way it was arranged, and the fashion of filing the name-cards. When, how- ever, later on he visited Sutton's, of Reading, and was taken through the seed-rooms, he noted that the Sutton files are kept exactly in the same way. PLOUGHS AND ELECTRIC LIGHTS. Sitting at tea on the terrace of the House of Commons, he tells of a say- ing that one can never look at West- minster Bridge without seeing a white horse pass. Passing through Portugal, he remarked that the peasants use simi- lar ploughs to those in use in India, and drawn by bullocks or mules in the same way. He attends a Drawing Room, shakes hands with Her Majesty, de- lights in the beautiful ladies, notices that there are twenty-one brilliant elec- tric lights hanging from the ceiling, and that the arrangements for summoning carriages are excellent. A SHOCKED POTENTATE. He is taken to a ladies' club, and in the smoking-room sees the ladies in- dulging in cigarettes. This does not seem to him at all proper, and must lessen their charm. A placard bearing the word " Silence " is in the writing- room, and he thinks it is a great pity if the fair sex should become as re- served as menfolk, because society will be dull and lifeless, whilst at present one sees ladies chatting all day without being tired. He solemnly asks whether the secretary is a lady, and finding a man holds the post, is able to have a little joke. In a similar way we go on through the whole volume, for natur- ally everyone is eager to show him everything possible and every sort of attention. While scientific lectures, the Whitechapel Hospital, theatres, all in- terest him, the crowning joy seems to have been the Crystal Palace, and the worst fatigue occurred when he as- cended to the ball of St. Paul's. THROUGH EUROPE HOME. So we can travel with the Bahadur through Scotland and the Emerald Isle, where he notices that the Dublin Tramcar Company delivers parcels for 2d. each. Back in England, he thinks Chatsworth is a splendid palace, and describes it for his people, frequently dwelling upon the necessity of educa- tion. Day after day is filled up during his stay, so that, as he sa)s. he really only sees the bedroom in his hotel. Re- turning home, he visits Hamburg and Copenhagen, and notices in passing that Germany made a bad bargain when she exchanged Zanzibar for Heligoland, which will very soon be washed awa\'. At Marienbad, he takes the water cure. From thence through Vienna, Budapest, Munich, retracing his steps for a stay in Paris, w'here he is much amused by a barber shaving a poodle. Italy, Turkey, Egypt, all bring their quota of amuse- ment. The book is well and profusely illustrated. Beview of Eevieivs, l/3fl3. NOTABLE BOOKS. 87 THE TRUTH ABOUT PRUSSIA. The Anglo-German Problem. By Charles Sarolea. (Nelson. 2s. uet.) Professor Sarolea, a cosmopolitan of Flemish birth, and for many years Bel- gian Consul in Edmburgh and closely associated with the L'niversity, is a man who deserves to have attention paid to him when he takes up his pen. The argument of his book is that the present conflict between England and Germany is the old conflict between Liberalism and despotism, between industrialism and militiarism, between progress and reaction, between the masses and the classes. He draws a strong line between the Germans and Prussians, contending that the Southern and Western German is an idealist, the Prussian a realist and materialist, and that it is to Prussia the present situation is due. His argument is that outspokenness is necessary, a free and frank discussion based on a thorough knowledge of facts, because two great peoples must not be afraid of facing realities such as they are. PARLIAMENT OR TALKING CLUB. Mr. Sarolea brings us face to face with the difficult problems confronting Germany as well as Britain ; in fact, he writes as much for Germans as for English, and hopes that the very fact that he is not an Englishman will in- duce the former to listen to him. He describes clearly and well the working of the various German institutions, such as the Reichstag and the Bundesrat. The Reichstag is a talking club, he says ; it does not initiate legislation ; it may censure, but its censure does not carry any sanction. On the other hand, the Bundesrat is an inner council of the rulers of the various German States, its power is autocratic — the Bundesrat can dissolve the Reichstag, but the Reichstag cannot dissolve the Bundes- rat ; it works in secret, and is, in fact, an indissoluble secret college. In the hands of the Bundesrat lies the decision as to war or peace. But in reality the Prussian Landtag holds the strings^ that most mediaeval assembly of modern Europe, says Professor Sarolea, and to illustrate this view he describes the vot- ing for the nominally democratic Land- tag electors. The voting power is in proportion to the taxes paid ; thus, in division 99, circle III., of Berlin, there lives the family of Botzov, brewers and landowners. Two members of the family pay very high taxes, and conse- quently the two Messrs. Botzov elect twice the number of candidates the re- maining 571 electors together have power to choose ! THE VOLCANIC ZONE. \^ery amusing is his description of the Koepenick affair ; very interesting his remarks upon the Balkan States and Turkey, written, of course, some time before the outbreak of the war. His conviction is that England, aiming at a federation of her States, is becoming more and more pacific in temper, be- cause her people have outgrown the bonds of a narrow nationalism, whilst Germany has become the storm centre, the volcanic zone in International Politics, because she is reactionary and increasingly narrow and parochial. ]\Iany other aspects of the question are treated in a book which is both inform- ing and captivating. THE ANGEL OF THE LITTLE ONES. Life of Benjamin Waugh. By R-oea AVaugh. (T. F. Unwin. 5s. net.) This rarely beautiful and touching biography of one of the men who not only was famous, but who will be famous for all time, is written bv his youngest daughter, and the devoted love which is an equal honour to both is shown in every page. A GOD-LIKE MAN. The delicate son of a saddler, a Non- conformist and a man of unswerving integrity ; of a mother whose one desire was that " Souls might flock as doves to the Church of God," he was taught from babyhood to love and care for the poor. That Benjamin Waugh became so unusual a compound of mystic and practical was a heritage acquired from parents and forefathers, but that sense of humour which made him so loved and so effective seems to have come from the father, James Waugh. To 88 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 191S. read about his early days is like walk- ing with a delightful companion amidst the sweet-smelling flowers of a stiff, old-fashioned garden. To read the de- tails of his after life is to walk with one of the most God-like men our earth has known. ON THE WAUGH-PATH ! Lord Alverstone contributes the pre- face of the book, and scattered through- out are various letters of thanks or ap- proval. Mr. Agnew, for instance, says : " At the time I knew Mr. Waugh best he was working far too hard. He was sometimes eighteen hours of the day at his office, and often he spent several nights of a week in the train — the won- der to me always was, not that he broke down at last, but that he lasted so long. Mr. Waugh's disposition did not make his work easier. He was distinctly com- bative. If he thought that injustice was being done to a child, or to chil- dren, he was even warlike ; so much so that when he appeared in some official quarters, they would say, " He is on the Waugh-path." CHILDREN SENTENCED TO DEATH ! During the passing of the Children's Bill through the two Houses, a journal- ist remarked: "There is no Bill in the world which Mr. Waugh could not get through if he .set his mind on it." It is hardly possible for us at the present day to realise the need of such a cham- pion for the children now that his work has culminated in the Children's Courts, but in a note appended to the letter from Queen \'ictoria in which she signi- fied her intention to become the patron of the National Society for the Preven- tion of Cruelty to Children, it is stated : " ' Three years before the birth of Queen Victoria, T/ze Courier, of April 8th, i8i6, stated that at the termination of the Surre}- Lent Assizes the learned judge had proceeded to pass sentence of death upon twenty-two capital con- victs, among whom,' observed the editor, ' we were sorr\- to see five more children' — Orthodox Journal, vol. Iv. (i8i6)." That the friendship between Mr. Waugh and Mr. W. T. Stead was un- failing goes without saying. Mr. Stead thought the Government ought to estab- lish a special Children's Department, and make Benjamin Waugh Minister. \\'hen Mr. Stead was imprisoned in the cause of the White Slave Traffic, it was largel)- owing to ]Mr. Waugh that he was treated as a flrst-class misde- meanant. THE FOUNDER OF PUTNAMS. George Palmer Putnam. By George Haven Put- nam. (G. p. Putnams. lOs. 6d. net.) This valuable record of the Putnam Publishing House and its founder is most attractive, whether as showing something of life in the first half of the nineteenth century or how a lad with no capital beyond industry and per- severance built up a great business, or as a contribution t^o the history of in- ternational literary relations. EARLY STRUGGLES. Mr. Putnam was a man of whom it is recorded that his life was pure, patient, gentle and self-sacrificing; his photo- graph is singularly like that of Lincoln. Fie came of Puritan stock, Bucking- hamshire on the one side and Essex on the other. His father, a lawyer and a delicate man, could not keep his family, so his mother put her shoulder to the wheel and started a girls' school, which from time to time outgrew the building in which it was held. The boy was sent to Boston in 1825, when only eleven years old, as an apprentice to an uncle who had a carpet business. Certainl\- the apprentices of those day had neither ease nor comfort. Even on Sunda\-, though thirsting for the chance of read- ing, which was denied him during the week. George Putnam was only allowed Scriptural books, though he once, by stealth, read one of Miss Edgeworth's stories. One other delinquency is re- corded during that period, he went to the theatre, but in both cases was so full of remorse that he did not taste the for- bidden fruit again. FROM £c, A YEAR TO PARTNER. After four years he resolved to strike out for himself and went to New York, securing a situation in a stationery store at £^ a year and board. Four years Bevieic of Revieics, lj3!li NOTABLE BOOKS. 89 later Putnam entered the emplo)- of Messrs. Wiley & Long, publishers and booksellers, and seven years later be- came a partner. Thus was laid the foundation of the great publishing business and a most interesting career. After some few years Mr. Putnam con- sidered it was necessary to come to Lon- don and start an agency for the de- velopment o.f his business. He had married, at the age of twenty-six, a charming girl of sixteen. One or two of the letters which he wrote to his betrothed are still i^reserved, and the respectful way in which the\' begin and end is most amusing. KNICKERBOCKER COTTAGE. In London they lived in the IMorning- ton Road, and called their little house *' Knickerbocker Cottage." It soon be- came a rallying place for a considerable number of individuals, staid and con- servative Londoners, Continental exiles, and so on ; among them was Mazzini, Carl Blind, and a quiet, ill-featured sallow-cheeked young man who was known a few )'ears later as Napoleon III. Here Mr. Putnam was living on the day on which the great Petition for the Charter was presented to the House of Commons, when he met Louis Nano- leon carrying a musket as a special con- stable on London Bridge. The con- stables were jirovided with muskets, which probabl}' a considerable portion of the trusty butchers and grocers were handing for the hrst time m their lives. Indeed, during this seven years' resi- dence in London, many remarkable movements were in the air, such as the Reform of the Corn Laws, Home Rule for Ireland, Puseyism, etc., and it is quaint to read " The Cretan Christians who are in revolt have already assumed the title of a Commonwealth. The ex- citement among the Christians on the frontier of Turke>' is encouraged by the Powers that desire to see a Christian kingdom on this side the Balkans, and by the Hospodars, who hope to make Moldavia, Wallachia, Servia, etc., into a kingdom." ENGLAND TO U.S. IN FORTY DAYS ! Mr. Putnam's son prints a delightful MS. account of a record of the travel in Europe of his father and mother. Travel in those days, when a journey to America took forty days, and to get on a steam packet was something excep- tionally weird and dangerous, was not at all easy. Though keeping the ex- penditure down as much as possible the calculations of the pair had in some way been exceeded, and his father had to pledge his watch. He was unwilling to speak to his wife of the difficulty, but with unconscious perversity, she persisted in making repeated inquiries for the precise time ! The watch, after- wards redeemed and later given over to the eldest son, was stolen bv a burglar in 1SS3. LOWELL'S FA:\I0US RHYME. Mr. Putnam soon afterwards had to return to America, and from this point the descriptions we get of the notable people with whom his business brought him in contact is historically valuable. The two Brownings, Longfellow, Ten- n\-son, Hawthorne, the authoress of "The Wide, Wide World," and many another came to him to publish their works. Lowell, then a very young writer, wrote to ask them to publish his Fable for the Critics, and the poem was promptly sent to New York, and we give here the famous rhymed title- page:— Reuder, walk up at once (it will soon be tao late). And buy. at a perfectly ruinous rate, A Fable for Oritics; or better I like, r.s a thing that the reader's first fancy may strike, An old-fashioned title-page, such as presents A tabular view of the volume's contents: A glance at a few of our litei-'ary progenies (Mrs. Malaprop's word) from the tub of Diogenes; A vocal and musical medley, that is A series of jokes by a wonderful quiz. Who aocompia.nies himself with a rub-a-dub-dub. Full of spirit and givace, on the top of the tub. Set forth in October, the twenty-first day. In the year '48. (1. P. Putnam, Broadway. As will be seen, the Putnam name and address fitted in finely, but before the publication of the next edition the publishing office had beeni moved to lo Park Lane, and through some oversight the printer was permitted without send- ing in a proof to p'ace the new address at the bottom of the title-page. As ^vill readily be seen, therefore, the last line failed to rhyme. CSotices of other hookf will he found on page 101.) 90 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. INSURANCE NOTES. THE At a meeting- of the St. Kilda Council on 3rd February, Councillor Hughes re- ferred to the disastrous fire that recently occurred at Flatman's timber yard. While sympathising with the firm in their loss, Councillor Hughes questioned the desirability of allowing timber yards in thickly-populated areas. He said the Fire Brigades did wonderful work at the fire, and those who understood the difficulties they had to contend with could admire their work. He moved the matter of the location of timber yards be referred to the Municipal Associa- tion, which was agreed to. Messrs. Flat- man and Sons being old ratepayers in the city of St. Kilda, it was decided to send a letter sympathising with them in the loss they had sustained. An interim di\idend of 2s. per share has been recommended by the directors of the Victoria Insurance Co. The in- terim statement of accounts for the half-year ended December 31st, 1912, shows net premiums ;£"58,555, against ;^53,276 for the corresponding period a year previously, and losses ^^34,289, against ;^28,iio The balance at credit is ;£^2i,ii4, which includes ;^903<; broufjht forward. Cable advices with regard to the busi- ness of the Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York for 191 2, show that the assets exceed ;6^i 23,023,000 ; total in- come, i^i/, 750,000 ; payments to policy- holders, ^^12,518,000 ; divisible surplus, £"3,566,000 ; new insurance issued and paid for ;^32,252,ooo. The new insur- ance shows an increase of iJ"3, 298,000 over the previous }'ear, assets an increase of ;^24,620,ooo ; and the amount appor- tioned for cash bonuses an increase of i;456,ooo. CHIVE Carpet Soap is the best carpet cleaner in the world. It removes ink, grease, and all dirt from carpets and woollen fabrics. A damp cloth — a little Chivers' Soap —a carpet like new without taking it up Ov«r 50 years' success. .Sample id. stamp. F. CHIVERS & CO. Ltd., 39 Albany Works, BATH. COLONIAL IVJUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED. INSURANCE riRE . . - . ACCIDENT EMPLOYtRS LIABILITY riDTLITY GUARANTEE PLATE-GLASS BREAKAGE MARINE BURGLARY LIVE STOCK OFFICES : MELBOURNE— 60 Market Street. 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Trial package free Thauk you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 91 **The World Is, A^fter All, Xot Goiii^ to the Oevil.'* A REMARKABLE LETTER SENT TU THE EDITOR Ul "PUBLIC OF'IMON" BY THAT DISTINGUISHED ARTIST, SIR HUBERT \"ON HERKOMER, RUNS IN THIS WAV: HUBERT VON HERKOMER AND PUBLIC OPINION Dear Sir, It gives rae great pleasure to tell you how your paper, PUBLIC OPINION, answers a purpose in my life. Although I read a great deal, I find it impossible to keep abreast of the trend of higher thought that is going on around me, which can only be gathered from various articles and letters in newspapers, and articles in magazines. But your paper gives me the assurance that I miss nothing which would be of use to me in the train of thought upon which I may just be engaged, and seldom does a weekly issue of PUBLIC OPINION appear from which I cannot cull some useful suggestion. As a lecturer on Art, I need all the suggestions on life that I can get into my hands, for I treat Art in all its phases popularly. From PUBLIC OPINION I get to know certain modern authors with whose methods of thinking I am in sympathy, and thase I follow up further. Your paper does me the service to point to them. Your selection of current thought is worthy of all praise, for it gives one the wholesome feeling that the world is, after all, nDt going to the devil, but contains thinkers and good men and women. I wish you, with all my heart, continuous success with your paper. Yours very truly, (Signedi HUBERT VON HERKOMER. TWO OTHER LETTERS WITH A SLMH.AR SPIRIT ARE FROM Dr. ALFRED R. WALLACE and Dr. W. H. FITCHETT. Dr. ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE, O.M., The Distinguished Scientist, says: "PUBLIC OPINION is the best of papers. It has a geuius for perceiving not only what is of high importance, but wliat is of interest in highly important things. I admire the paper immensely, and never miss it." Rev. Dr. W. H. FITCHETT (Australia) says : ■■ I get your PUBLIC OPINION regularly, and find It most interesting and valuable — a match- less bit of journalistic work. It ought to tind a place, for one thing, in every newspaper office outside Ixjndou, tor nothing else 1 know gives such a reflex of the thought in the cur- rent history of the world." OBJECT or PUBLIC OPINION. Now the object of PUBLIC OPINION is. while focussing the opinions and news of the week as given in the world's best newspapers and magazines and books, to emphasise those movements and opinions which are becoming important, and vyhich promise to loom large in the future. PUBLIC OPINION emphasises the fact that there is news in ideas as well as in the or- dinary facts of life — for ideas rule the world; and is always on the look out foT the hopeful thing and the helpful thing, the men and the women and the movements and the opinions which tend to lift the world forward. It is the ideal paper for the Australian. will be posted FREE on receipt of a card Temple House, Tallis-street, London, Eng- A fePECIMEN COPY of PUBLIC OPINION sent to the Manager, Puhlic Opinion, 31 and 32 land. PUBLIC OPINION will be sent, on application to the above address, to any place in the world for 13s. a year; six months. 58. 6d. PUBLIC OPINION Edited by PERCY L. PARRER. twopence: weekly. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to adveTtisers. 92 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. ^^m ^MMMl ^^MM^^AMM M««MM^^A« } METHUEN'S FAMOUS LIBRARY OF COPYRIGHT BOOKS. Bound in Red Cloth — Clear Type. 7 inclies by 4 inches. EVERY book in the series is a copyright work, and it contains more books by distinguished writers than any other series of the same kind. The volumes are stocked by all Booksellers. FICTION. JANE UNDER THE RED ROBE LADY BETTY ACROSS THE WATER MIRAGE VIRGINIA PERFECT SPANISH COLD BARBARY SHEEP THE WOMAN WITH THE FAN THE GOLDEN CENTIPEDE ROUND THE RED LAMP THE HALO TALES OF MEAN STREETS THE MISSING DELORA THE CHARM THE MIGHTY ATOM THE TYRANT THE GUARDED FLAME ANNA OF THE FIVE TOWNS LIGHT FREIGHTS THE DEMON SECRET WOMAN LONG ROAD SEVERINS THE THE THE GENERAL LITERATURE. Marie Corelli Stanley Weyman C. X. and A. M. Williamson E. Temple Thurston Pegrgy Webling G. A. Birmingham Robert Hichens Robert Hichens Louise Gerard A. Conan Doyle Baroness von Hutten Arthur Morrison E. Phillips Oppenheim Alice Perrin Marie Corelli Mrs. Henry de la Pasture \V. B. Maxwell .Arnold Bennett W. W. Jacobs C. N. and A. M. Williamson Eden Pliillpotts John Oxenham Mrs. A. Sidgwick THE BLUE BIRD MARY MAGDALENE DE PROFUNDIS SELECTED POEMS LADY WINDERMERE'S FAN LORD ARTHUR SAVILE S CRIME AN IDEAL HUSBAND SEVASTOPOL and Other Stories THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND LETTERS FROM A SELF-MADE MERCHANT THE LORE OF THE HONEY-BEE THE LIFE OF JOHN RUSKIN UNDER FIVE REIGNS FROM MIDSHIPMAN TO FIELD MARSHAL MAN AND THE UNIVERSE VAILMA LETTERS A LITTLE OF EVERYTHING JOHN BOYES, KING OF THE WA-KIKOYO JIMMY GLOVER HIS BOOK THE LIFE OF TENNYSON Maurice Maeterlinck Maurice Maeterlinck Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde Oscar W'ilde Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde Leo Tolstov Graham Balfour C. F. G. Mastcrman. >LP. TO HIS SON George Horace Lorimer Tickner Edwardes W. G. CoUingwood Lady Dorothy Nevill Sir Evelyn Wood Sir Oliver Lodge Robert Louis Stevenson E. V. Lucas John Boyes James ^L Glover A. C. Benson Mi#^i METHUEN & CO. LTD., LONDON, W.C, ENGLAND. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. Marrh 1. 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 93 R Silly Question Do you use a Typewriter? YeSj of course }ou do — a silly question. Were }'ou one of those who waited till nearly ever}'body else had adopted the typewriter, or were you one of the first? If _\'0u were one of the first }Ou have the chance to be one of the first again — one of the first with a mechanical device that is more important than the t3'pewnter. If you were one of the backward ones then, you have the chance to show that you have learned better since. A Bigger Thing The Brunsviga Multiplying and Dividing Machine is a bigger step forward in mechanical office work than the t}pe\vnter. What can it do? Well, this sort of thing : — invoice: 2977S at 387i = ^56 I2 o, In 25 seconds CONTANGO DAY: £nS I7 6, 98 Jays at 3f. per cent. = ^6 3 8, In 10 seconds. ELECTRICITY COSTS: B.O.T. units sold p.a. 475O4903— Coal expenditure /422S4— price per unit=2i pence, In 20 seconds. It will save you time by doing these things in as many seconds as they now take minutes. It will save you money by doing them right — always right. You need not try to think this out. You need not bother 3our head about whether it would be any use to you. Only This- Drop us a postcard and we will call with a machine and show you. Set us some of vour calculation work and we (who know nothing about vour business) will do it before your eyes in a small fraction of the time it takes your fastest man to do it. The beautiful little machine will interest you anyhow. It may startle you. Colt's Calculators W. H. Colt, 4 Albert Square, Manchester. Telephone -448 Central. Messrs, Sands & McDougall, Melbourne, Agents for Western Australia. London : 75b Queen Victoria St., E.C, Telephone -1 TOG Lomioii Wall. Glasgow: 11 Royal Exchange Square. Thank you" for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. 94 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March i, wis. WE WILL BUY Anything you require in England and forward it to you Expeditiously and Bconomically. WE ARE "The Bazaar, Exchange and Mart" Newspaper, which for 45 yezvrs has upheld an honourable reputation for straight dealing. SmiLARLY WE WILL— L Sell Any things 2. Advise as to Freight, Rates^ and Routes* 3. Supply Expert Opinions and Valuations* LET U5 QUOTE Detailed terms, which will be according to the Service required, and will be sent on receipt of full particulars. Whether you want Information, Advice, or Valuation; Goods Purchased^ Sold, or Dispatched; you will find this Service of the utmost value. OurCONJULTlNG EXPERT? Comprise a larger and more efficient Staff than is connected with any other Journal in the World. Let them help YOU- Write to the Speci2il Service Dept.^ Tbe Be^za^a^r/' B2vz2v2ir Builclipsi^, Drury Lzipe, London, W.C, Enqlzvpcl. Thank you for memtiomng the Review of Reviews when writing to adverUaers. March 1. 1913. REVIEW OF REV/EWS. 95 ravel and Education. ENQUIRY DEPARTMENT. Subscribers to the Review of Reviews irho are contemplating a trip for pleasure or business are invited to write to us for free information con- cerning Boutt'S, Hotels, Shops, etc. Special ar- rangements Jiave been made to supply the most up-to-date particulars about all matters pertain- ing to travel and education in Great Britain, and no reader should go " Home " without first com- municating with us. All enquiries should be sent BY POST, and the coupon at the end of this section must be used to ensure prompt reply. TIPS-ON LINEIRS. The tyro in travel is often appalled at the end of his voyage when he dis- covers the number of stewards who con- sider that the services they have ren- dered him during the trip require ade- quate recognition. He probably has comforted himself with the thought that there were only the table steward and his stateroom steward who would ex- pect tips, but the bathroom steward, the deck steward, the librar}- the band, the smoking-rooir ant and the boots convey in an unmistakable way should not be forgotten. steward, attend- to him that they The happy time may come when stewards receive such wages that passengers do not feel bound to supplement them with con- tributions which add ver)' materially to the heavy expen.se of the passage money they have paid, but until that happens, the amount and number of tips to give will always remain an awkward pro- AN EXCEPTIONAL OFFER >> BRniSHM'^M./f^CTUHei Gent's Genuine Leather "Roll-Up Dressing Case Measuring I9J X 16 Inches when opened, and 9 X 5^ X 2i inches when closed. Fitted complele with good hair and cloth brushes, fine nickel screw-back shaving brush, good mirror, comb, tooth brush with guard, scissors, button- hook, tweezers, and BEST PATENT SAFETY RAZOR with blades complele. Price 32,6 Carriage Paid. Orders from the Colonies and Abroad 5/- extra to cover additional packing, carnage and insurance. ' HENRY R. BOX & CO., LIMITED. 251, Kensington High Street, London, W. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of Fancy Leather CooJi. Travelling Truni(i, er. Eaten with butter or cheese, or simply straight from the tin, these bis- cuits will please one and all. They have a delicious, melting, "creamy" taste, gained by absolute purity of in- gredients and faultless baking. In the home they make an ideal substitute for toast. Buy whole tins, and see that j-ou get SWALLOW AND ONLY. ARIELLS Thank you for menUoning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1013. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 07 blem, especially to those whose purse is not bottomless. Tips vary on different boats and on different lines, and on none is there what might be called a lixed tariff. Roughly, it ma)- be taken that the tips need not exceed 5 per cent, of the fare paid, with a minimum of ^^"3. The table and stateroom stewards will expect at least a pound each, although they often get as much as £^. The amount given the others will depend upon what services they rendered. The "remembering" of the chief steward, and still more of the purser who, by the way, would be much distressed if an\- ignoramus confounded him with the former, is a matter of considerable de- licac}- ; but seasoned travellers who wish to have the greatest possible comfort during the voyage, generally contrive to do it adequateh'. Between England and America the tip " tariff " is now : Table steward, 10/- ; stateroom steward, 10/-; bath steward, 5 -; deck steward, 2/6; smoking room attendant, 2/6 ; boots, 2/6. IN HOTELS. Another source of pett\- worr\- to the inexperienced traveller is tipping in hotels at home. Man}- of the most popu- lar in London and on the Continent have now requested their guests to aban- don the practice, to the jo\- of their visitors and the prompt increase in their number. In Europe it is customary to give the waiter 10 per cent, of the bill in restaurants, m England a penny in the shilling suffices. In man\' of the smartest restaurants they expect more, but in most this meets the case. After sta\-ing a week at an hotel, about 10 per cent, of the bill should be divided in tips amongst the head waiter, who, even if he has done least, generally gets most, the waiter, the head porter, the lift bo)-, the boots and the chamber-maid. Six- pence a night is a fair tip for the last- named. She is not infrequently forgot- ten altogether though. If the stay is for more than a week a much lower percen- tage will suffice. LUGGAGE. England is still far behind the L'nited States in methods of handling travellers' THE BONNINQTON HOTEL 1260 Rooms), 5outb2vrnptoi7 Row, --LONDON -- OPENED 191 1 BY LORD STRATHCONA. Room, Attendance and Table d'h-ite Breakfast. Luncheon, 1 6. Room, Attendance _ and Table d'hnte Breakfast . Table d'hnte Dinner, 2 6. First and Second Floor, 5 6 for Room, Attend- ance and Breakfast. Luxuriously Furnished. Winter Garden. Lounge. Orchestra, Night Porters. Most centrally situ- ated for Business and Pleasure. Smoking Room, Bfc i\lE4SlJRED EOR YOIR SlIT Our simple system ol self- measurement assures a perfect fit ; you get clothes that are built for you alone — that are stylish and dis- tinctive. The cost is less than you pay for ready- mades ; the cloth is su- perior to anything you can buy elsewhere, being the pick of the Huddersfielci looms. Deal direct ant; save the middleman'sprofii SMIIRI SUITS fro. m F~or the man with tlie longer purse, however, we can supply suits from the finest Worsteds obtainable ■ up to 53s., which is our ■' highest price, but you can't , buy a bstter suit at any price i Cloth in theSuit Length ; If preferred, we will su|)i)ly you with cloth at from / iOs 6d. the suit length, \ which your own tailor can ( ,'J ^^ make up. OUR GUARftNTEE. Your money will I)e in- stantly refunded if, on in- si>cction, you are not satislied. S --' \ FREE PATTERNS & EASY SELF MEASUREMENT FORM sent to any ad^iress. Wh> nit -cnl a post card to day '^ GROVES & LINDLEY, 70 Lion Build in g's, HUDDERSFIELD. Thank v- loss. Americans' introduced the sen- sible idea, far more useful in England than in the States, of having stripes painted round Thank you for lueiitioning the Review of EeviewB when writing to advertiser*. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 99 Berkefeld Filters .-vwere.fltted on the P. and O Steam- ship'^'Med&a," which earned the King and Queen to India. IF FIT FOR A KING, FIT FOR ALL. Writ-e for Cii/aZoA'ue " .V •' io THE BERKEFEUO FILTER CO., Ld. 121, OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W. SIMPLE AND PERFECT THE "Woodpecker" Umbrella By rtie application of a simple principle, indi- cated in the name and illustration, these umbrellas need no spring in the stick to w«aken it and to cause annoyance to tbe user. They represent the latest development in umbrellas and the advance of common-sense to the solution of an ancient inconvenience. The catch never fails, the stick is stronRer, the action IS automatic, and the cost is no more than that of the antiquated kind now in use. 10/6 post free in Great Britain (ForeifjQ and Colonial inquiries solicited.) Send order to the patentees: JAMES ROBERTSON & SON Umbrflla Manufaclurm. 30 & 32 Leilh Street EDINBURGH STAMP AUCTIONS Sales of Bare POSTAGE STAMPS held Weekly Tbose interested in commeocins or completing roliections should write for catalogues, which are supplied gratis. Particulars and valuations of lots supplied free. Lots can be viawed at offices daily. Meisrs. HARMER ROOKE & CO. hold the world's record for number of lots sold each season, and have held 550 Auction Sales of Postage Stamps dunne the past twelve years. Vendors can bs assured of obta'ning the utmost value in selling through Auction. Lots are offered within seven days. Immediate Cash Advances on Valuable Collections, etc. Write or call HARMER ROOKE & CO. Philatelic Aoction Rooro^ 69 FLEET STREET. LONDON Telephone: 12296 Central BLAOKMORE & LANGDON'S Glorious Begonias **^;^''e°«fX°°"' Winners of tbe only Gold Medal for Begonias at the Royal Internauonal Horticultural Exhibition, London, 1912. For Exhibition, Conservatory Decoration and Bedding. Double Seed, 2/6 and 5/- per packet ; Single Seed, I/-, 2/6, and 5/-. For price of Tubers, see Catalogue. Other Specialities a Rrand collection of the (^oicest BORDER CARNATIONS DELPHINIUMS PERPETOAL FLOWERINQ LILY OF THE VALLEY CARNATIONS POLYANTHUS CYCLAMEN VIOLETS BLUE PRIMROSES We shall t>e pleased to send a free copy of our Illustrated Catalogue on application to •TWERTON HILL NURSERY, BATH. At Brottklands, on Saturday. Nov 16, ' / THE GREATEST PERFORMANCE EVER / ACCOMPLISHED ON A 25 HP CAR - / 113 MILLS PER HOUR »fryi ws^^^-i #?~Vj ^ -^3^ •Clemtsi" NorKe-n BY THE 1^ INVINCIBLE^ Pjlddln.jfti'Vl . Half-mile . Kilometre Mile ... . Fastest Lap. at 113"28 miles per hour at 112-81 at 111 73 at 10943 CLEMENT TALBOT L'^." BARLBY ROAD. LAOBROKE CROVC LONDON.W. y.' iNiwm'iinCr^ J^^^ As Pure as Pure can be That is the claim of PHSCO Underwear. That is what you i^now PESCO to be once you examine it for yourself. This piinty conies or pui-e wool \arns, of perfect mantif:\L-tiinni< conditions, of perttct manufacture itself. This purity promises the woitrer of PliSCO a i>reater degree of warmth and comfort and a superior sen^e of security and satisfaction than is possilile w ith Woollens of a lower standard. You pay nothint; extra for this purity. The only extra trouble entailed is that of asking for PHSCO by name and niaUing sure tby the trade mark) you are getting what you want. PESCO UNDERWEAR Shrunken Garments Replaced. PESCO is (il.iamal.lo for Ijuii. s. ( Irutliiiu-n an.i Chil. Iron, ill all si/.i's. slmpcs iind Icxlnios t)f Wool and Silk nml « ool. Si>nd to .lay fur patterns. Ixioklots and names of nearest Atieiits. DHEW BROS.. Yort House, 52-54 York Street, Sydi\cy. DREW BROS,. 231-255 Flii\dcrs Laixe, Melbouri\c. Thank you for memtioning the Review of Beviewa when writing to advertisers. lOO REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1915. their trunks to identification. facilitate easy AN EXPERIENCE TO ENJOY. Luxury in Balloon Travel. — A traveller says that a Zep- pelin airship leaves the earth with none of the balloon's soar- ing motion. It is just like a Pullman train, started without perceptible jar, and kept in motion upon a perfect road bed, perfect track and perfect wheels. At luncheon time indi- vidual tables are placed in posi- tion, and luncheon is served much as it is in the ordinary buffet dining car. There is soup, an entree, a roast — all pip- ing hot — vegetables, salad, cheese and coffee. More of a dinner than luncheon, and all served as though the chef and waiters had the conveniences of a great hotel at their command. The principles of the fireless cooker have been brought into service in preparing the food, the exhaust from the engines being made to supply heat. The comforts are all those of a ver)' modern hotel. The cabin is kept at an unvarying com- fortable temperature, and in the lavatories are hot and cold water. There is a library with the daily papers and the best of books. There is a lounge for those who are willing to sleep away the hours of flight. Date Enclose this with Letter if reply by post is required. INVENTION Diseases Banished without Drug^s. GENT ON THIRTY DAYS' TRIAL. Write for Special Offer ttiis Month. The "Century Thermal" Bath Cabinet gives you at heme, for ii,i. e.ich, all the marvellous cleansing, invigorating, curative effects of the famous Turkish Baths. Opens the 7,000,000 skin porfs, purifies the entire system. Equals Hot Springs. Pre- xfMt^ (iiscas S.ives diict<>rs' bills. Has .11 red thousands. Nature's drugless remedy for colds, influanza, rheuma- tism, aches, pains, blood and skin diseases, kidney trouble, and most diseases. PHYSICIANS ASTONISHED, AN1> i'Hi ir> AX 1 >.■> uf grateful uscr^ itbiiiy im the wonderful results obtained. Mr. W. B., of Glasgow, invalid for fourteen years, baflfled best li" tor<;, testifies that it cured him of Weak heart, sleepless- ness, nervous dyspepsia, and billo isness. Mai. .Ill- Col i.TN<;i-. i.f I'aris, icstiiics it Cured hcp of Brlght's and Kidney Disease. Inside or Outside Heater. Mr. O. A. I)., Sussex, afflicted fifteen years, and attended by ten .'iflercnt (inctors, after twelve baths in six weeks, permanently cured t Eczema. Mr. K. II.. I.nnd'in, S. E., writes as to a complete cureof ChroniC Catarrh, Indigestion, and Constipation, in his own ca>e, ,iikI Dropsy in nis wife s case. kev. \\ . W., .Salop: Rev. .\. \\'.. Great Yarmouth: Rev. 1 . E. .S. C. Lar.cs. ; Rev. J W. I)., W.ilsall : Rev. O. H.. Moun- tain .Ash : and hundreds of otliers recommend the " Century Thermal " highly for the cure of BHght'S Disease, LumbagO, Sciatica, Rheumatism, Bronchitis, Gout. Mr. I,. W. >., of Manchester, .ifHicted for years, was CUrCd of nervous prostration, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, and mental exhaustion. .Mt. j. w. I .. "T r.ury, lesiihes that it did his Wife mopc good ill five weeks than two years' doctoring. Cured her of blond poisoning, and others of lumbano and influenza. Mrs. O. I,., of Kensington, after siiffering for years, and being a total invalid from Rheumatic Arthritis, spending pounds on doctors' bills and visits to Buxton, was Completely cured after using the " Centurj' Thermal." Hundreds of others testify to marvellous cures. Y^PI^j^ XO-DAY a"d get our Free Illiistrated Book .i^^^^^_>^___^^^^_^^^^^_ No. sio, and testimonials from hundreds of delighted people. Mention Review 0/ Revinvs. Don't think you cant afford it. Write us and we will make you such a proposition as to enable you to possess a " Century Thermal " free of all cost to yourself. AGENTS WANTED. CENTURY THERMAL BATH CABINET, Ltd. (Dept. 510). 205, REGENT ST., LONDON, W. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1913 REVIEW OE REVIEWS. lOI BOOKS IN BRIEF SOOL\L AND POLITICAL. The Putumayo, The Devil's Paradise. By W. E. Hairdeuburg. (Fisher Unwin. lOs. 6d. net.) This story of Putumayo is not one to be enjoyed. The writers must have groaned over their task, and the reader will feel honest shame that such things can be as he reads of themi. To many people the word Bel- gian had lost some of its savour be- cause of the Oongo atrocities; now we have to find that London has helped to engineer, and British money has helped to carry out, cruelties that are equally revolting. This volume contains the original account of W. ■E. Hardenburg, who, after unsuccess- fully calling the attention of the Portuguese authorities to the horrors of which he had been a witness, was the cause of the sending of Consul Casement to report. As is well knov/n, this report corroborated and even added to his statements. If the book had been simply a description of the wonders of the Amazon Valley, and the fineness and vigour of the natives wiho inhabit the country, the pleasure in reading would have been great ; but we are compelled to think of those nine-year-old girls torn from their homes, ravished, and afterwards tor- tured or flogged to death ; of suckling infanta snaitched from their mothers' arms and their heads smashed against a. tree; of a wife having her legs cut off merely for refusing to become one of the concubines of these bandits; of men flogged until . . . Here fol- low words which cannot be printed ; or of old f.athers shot to dealh before their s-ons' eyes merely because they were oM and could work no longer! This Soath American Inferno is a blot upon the nations permitting it, and the so-called civilisation which values rubber as being worth cruelties worse than those of the Inquisition. The Report of Sir Roger Casement is in- cluded in the book. Becent Events and Present Politics in China. By J. O. P. Bland. (Heine- mann. 16s. net.) A volume full of interest and informa- tion written in a pleasant fashion, bountifully illustrated, and with a print it is a pleasure to read. The American Occupation of tlie PJiilip- pines. By Hames H. Blount. (Putnam. 15s. net.) This is a comprehensive survey of the entire Philippines question liy a United States officer who volunteered in 1899, and was District Judge from 1901 to 1905. It is not, of course, an easy matter for Australians to judge of the pros and cons of the action of the United States with regard to the Philippines. Mr. Blount urges evacua- fADELESs DUROBELLE REGD. The Curtains and Coverings of Endurinj^ Beauty Whether Durobelle fabrics are sold for use in the country or seaside homes of England, the villas of the Riviera, or the bungalows of sunny India, Allen's unique guarantee to REPLACE FREE IF COLOUR FADES is not modified or qualified in the least degree. PATTERNS LOANED FREE. Durobelle Casement Lining and Blouse Cloths. in fifteen Art Coloars, 31 in. wide, 9id. and lltd. yd.; 50 in. wide. 1/4* and i /7i yd. Mercerised Casennent Cloth, vvlth tiny self-trellis design. 3 I in. wide, 1 /3 : 50 in. wide, 1/1 1 i yd. Lustre Twi I Sheetin?. 50 in. wide, 1 / 1 1 i yd. 31 in. Linens, 1 1 1 H and 2l6\ yd. Durobelle Casement, Curtain and Covering Cloths, in var.ous substantial textures, including Rep and Plain Weave=, some with self trellis or stripe effects. 50 in., 2/2, 2 6, 2/9, 3/6, 3 9, 3/1 li;, and 4/6 yd. Durobelle Curtain Damasks, with self-trellis and medallion designs. 50 in. wide, 3/3 yd. Durobelle Mercerised Poplin Rep, delightful for draw^ing-room draperies. 50 in. wide, 3/6 yd. Durobelle Tapestries, for Winter Curtains, upholstery, etc. 30 in. wide, 4/6 to 8 6 yd. Readers of THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS are invited to write for a complimentary copy of Allen's famous Catalogue "MY LADY'S HOME" (New Edition de Luxe just ready), containing full illustrated particulars of Durobelle Fabrics. New Cretonnes, Lace Curtains. Carpets, etc. Beautiful coloured plates. London Showrooms and Removals Offices : 6. Sloane St.. S.iV. Mail Order D pot : 15, The Quadrant, BOURNEMOUTH Thank you for mentiouiug the Review of Keviovvs when writing to advertiaera. lo: REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. A Celebrated Violiniste "-^'4 t '. % V^ Nervous Fatigue, Headaches, Languor — The power to excel, the confidence wliich ensures her brilliant successes, says the talented Violiniste, Miss Sybil Keymer, is entirely due to her abundance of vigorous nerve force created by Phosferine. How greatly the numerous distinctions and triumphant career of this accomplislied musician are promoted by the brain energy and physical statu ina developed by Phosfer ne, is evident from Miss Keymer's admission that the tonic "enabled me to do myself justice." Naturally, this energising effect of Phosferine \sas accompanied by the disappearance of the headaches, listlessness, and fatigue which were the bane of her public appearances, and it is this happy outcome which impels Miss Keymer to testify to the exceptional advantages to be derived from Phosferine. Promptly Remedied. Miss Sybil Keymer, " Riversmere," Albany Road, Leighton Buzzard, writes: "Since using Phosferine I am never troubled with the headaches and listlessness which follow along railway journey, and it is such a relief to feel fresh and ready for playing in public un- disturbed by the fatigues of long travelling. Phosferine enables me to do myself justice as a violiniste, prevent- ing any of the unsteadiness of the muscle nerves, which is so harmful to tone and quality, that I confidently commend the tonic at every opportunity." — July 11, 1912. PHOSFERINE Greatest of all Tonics A PROVEN REMEDY for Neuralgia Brain Fag Lassitude Maternity Weakness Nervous Headache Premature Decay Influenza Anaemia Neuritis Indigestion Sleeplessnest Rheumatism e given to the world before long. Meanwhile this record by bis First Oommissioiier gives us a certain amount alxmt the General himself and a great deal atvout bis creation of the Salvation Army. The first few <'bapters tell of his <-liildhood, his poverty, bis early sal- vation, and one very obarapteristic re- cord. In a boyish trading affair he had made a. tiny profit out of his com- jianions while priving them to suppose that what be bao9sible to follow here the steps by which William Booth, whose crown certainly will contain countless jewels, passed through early man- liood. a lay ministrj'. professional ministry, and then on to those meet- ings in a tent in the old burial ground in Whitechapel. which gave rise to the inception of the great evangelistic agency whose business it is to fight for the salvation of others and compel them to come in whether they will or no. and then to send tbeui out to become evangelists to others. Nor can we explain here the great social work or the magnificent financial system by which the pennies of the poor have carried on the largest international work of our times. One thing is cer- tain : the most prejudiced person could not read this book without realising that the motive which actuated the General was a whole- hearted love of God and his neigh- »K)ur. and a firm faith in the power of the Divine Spirit to change the lives of the most degraded. March 1, 1013. REVIFiW OF REVIE\YS. 103 Jane Austen. By Lady Margaret Sack- \-ille. (Herbert and Daniel. 2s. 6d. net.) In the splendid appreciation with which Lady Margaret commences the book she tella that she has written not only for those who love Jane Auaten already, but also for those who by some strange chance have not dis- covered her. It is certain that the selection here given from six of her works must drive readers to the books themselves. Canute the Great. By T,anrence Mar- cellus T/arson. (G. P. Putnam. Ss. net.) This volume of the story of the Heroea of the Nations is a vivid bio graphical study of Canute, who is paired with Rolf of Normandy for undisputed pre-eminence. The his- torical and the legendary are care- fully distinguished, and the illustra- tions are very helpful. A companion volume is Boger of Sicily, by Edmund Ouitis. M.A.Oxon. Roger was certainly a strange figure and his life well worth putting on record. Frances Willard; Her Life and Worl\ By Ray Strachey. (Fisher Unwin. 5s. net.) Starting with the idea that Miss Wil- lard had been praised overmuch, the writer of this volume has been com- pelled to join in the ohorus of praise. Small wonder! Tlie rising generation, who know little about her, should read this capital account of a tom- boy, who was shy and modest; a womaii poor and of no account, who created a great movement which spread from the United States thTO'Ughout the world, and who pre- ferred semi-starvation to asking for money 'or her devoted labours. The Great Acceptance; The Life Story of F. N. Charrington. By Guy Thorne. (Hodder and Stoughton. 3s. 6d.) Practice and precept combined is the comment in a nutshell which this wel- come book calls forth. Frederick Charrington has innumerable ad- mirers, but there is a large public which knows only his name and has a vague idea that he renounced a fortune. Guy Thorne has taken away any excuse for our ignorance of the work of one of the remarkable men of our time. FtirtJter Remiyiiscences. By Henry Mayers Hyndman. (Macmillaii and Co. Ltd. 15s. net.) Mr. Hyndman's breezy, vigorous writ- ing cannot fail to concentcaits a.tten- tion on these, the reminiscences of a man who has already attained his three score years and ten and who yet, in many years, is still young. THE •A tHttlifll no ML x^- tV A^' 01 D srVLl: V i>EVV STS i.r Warm your room not the chimney Everyone knows, to their cost, the tremendous amount of coal consumed by the ordinary bar grate, and how little heat is given out in proportion. The reason is that owing to the old-fashioned construction of the bar grate, the heat is wasted in the chimney instead of warming your room. The " HUE " Fire is barless, will burn for kours without attention, and is guaranteed to give out more heat WITH ABOUT HALF THE COAL CON- SUMPTION. It can be adapted to any existing stove without removing the mantelpiece, and your local Decorator can supply and fix the " HUE " Fire from 15/- upwards. Insist upon having a "HUE." Send a postcard to-day for our illustrated descriptive list, giving details and piices, to YOUNG & MARTEN, Ltd. (Dept. R.R.), Stratford, London, E. A SPECIAL orrER. We will send to any part of the world a copy of our illustrated catalogue The Gift Book de Luxe showing a comprehensive range of Jewellery, Siiverplate. Watches, Clocks Rings ladies' and Gentlemen's Dressing Cases, Opera, Field and Reading Glasses, Barometers, etc., etc. We can oHer remark- able value, and a selection of goods to suit the taste of a 1. Buy direct from the manufacturers ivho have been established since 1820. Special Note -We cai supply the same high-class articles as those obtained at any other of the leading Jewellers at a much lower price. Send for catalogue TO-DAY and you will be delighted. SUTHERLAND &i HORNIl, 10 SoutK St. Andrew Street. EDINBURGH - SCOTLAND. BURROW'S MALVERN "ALPHA BRAND" The Purest of all Sprine Waters PROMOTE HEALTH PREVENT DISEASE W.& J. BURROW ^"IlTeTn Thank you for mentionii^ the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. I04 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. PEDIGREES & ARMS (Englhh & Foreign.) Mr. Culleton traces pedigrees of middle classr as well as landed families, with proofs from public records. Upon his collection of references to Pedigrees and Arms ;^ 10,000 have been spent during 70 years. Enquiry letters answered without charge. LEO CULLETON, 92 Piccadilly. London. Culleton's Heraldic Office for the artistic production of Heraldic painting and engraving. Seals for corporations, private seals, signet rings, dies for notepaper, book platen, heraldic stained glass, memorial brasses. Ei.- graving and designing for all purposes. 92 Piccadilly, London. "FAERIEWEAR" j'^^y INDESTRUCTIBLE r^ ^ SHOES FOR CHILDREN ^^z" Different from any other Slioe. This IS an amtomic.illy perfect shoe —dainty in appear- ance, comfortable, spniifiy. noiseless, and very flexible. The soles do not wear out. It is an ideal shoe for a younti child : firm enou(
  • ecause of the betrayal of an innocent young girl, her sister, arisee strong to fight for others, helped by the pure and true love of two strong men. Tara O'Neil has 8een the " daughters of despair " at close ciuarters. and knows there are hearts of gold amongst them. She has also come into contact with young men ruined by depraved women, and »o sees the two sides. The climax comes when her sister, seeing the awful ruin continually brought about by one vile man, calmly decides to shoot him and suffer the penalty, Tara's affianced husband is the defend ing l)arrister. His speech concludes thus : " Are there no heroes left — young, strong, chivalrous, to destroy this modern Minot.iur demanding its yearly toll of womanhood? Are there no knights of the Graal, riding forth as of oldl on the quest of the Spirit, to lift the God-given creative gift of sex out of the swamp of evil, and to hold up .a loftier standard of life by a higher chastity, a finer morality, than that demanded by the world? Such men will cleanse the Augean stable, they will bridge over the black morass," Much more might be said, but this will give the tone of a book which, while uncovering the muck- yard, shows that there are lights bearers on earth and a Star shining above. The Golden Ease. By Fred, M, White. (Ward, Look, 6s,) A capital holiday story about the theft of a rare Persian rose, bringing in a detective, a couple of lovers, and some rapid adventures. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. March 1, 1913. REVIEW OF REVIEWS. 105 Nerissa. By Mayiiard Duuuiug. (Lyn- wood. 68.) A pure romance, neither medieval nor modern, nor even quite a mixture of the two. The heroine is made a slave and returns to her high degree in a very original way. The .Adventures of Turco Bulhrorthy. (E. T. Washbourne. 2s. 6d.) The adventures of two lads in a Northern seaside village, in which they emulate older heroes of flction, and. like them, ahvays coane off victorious. The Love Story of Ciaijnor Dace. By Kirke Brampton. (Washbourne. Ss.) The sad life history of the young niece of a doctor, which ends with her mar- riage to a dying man. It will be keenly interesting to Roman Oa.tholics, as she becomes one of them. .4 Black Martinmas. By Mrs. Disney Leith. (Lynwood and Co. 6s.) Molly is the daughter of a North country grieve who is wooed by a widowed gardener with four ■children, and finds in bim the love of her life. Tlie story is simply and naturally told, and indeed is much more like human life than such novels usually a.re. -■1 Knight of Spain. By Marjorie Bowen. (Methuen. 6s.) Miss Bowen, as usual, unveils for us here a forgotten chapter of history. She is perhaps somewhat less hapi)y than before in her choice of a hero. Don John of Austria, the conqueror of the Turks, who at Lepanto is said to have broken for ever the tradition of their invincibility at sea, had little brightness or happiness in his life, brilliant and lova.ble as he was. Son of Ctoarles V. of Spain and a Dutch peasant, the sullen, spiteful Philip II. acknowledged him as a brother, but took keen delight in humiliating bim. and finally sent him to the Nether- lands to fight William of Orange. Miss Bowen skilfully paints for us picture after picture; we sympathise with the miserable wives of the tyrannous Philip, with Don, John himself and those who loved him, yet all the time we have the conviction that he was more lovable than noble, partly because his surroundings were ignoble, partly because in his loyalty to Philip he drowned his conscience and fought in an unworthy cause. Aileen. By Marjorie Cooper. (Lyn- wood. 68.) A merry story of a " divel " of a g'irl who always has a string of followers, but will not marry either, to the dis- gust of her guardian, whO' wants to get rid of her and marry himself. The Neiv Gulliver. By Barry Pain. (Werner Laurie. 6s.) A series of pleasantly whimsical stories. That which gives the title PERFECT HEALTH and a. SHAPELY FIGURE. T has been my one ambition throughout my career to show every man and woman how it is possible to obtain and maintain perfect health and a shapely figure by the simplest means. Everyone knows to-day that regular bodily exercise IS a good thing for the maintenance of good health and figure proportion. But it is not everybody who knows that it has been left to an Englishman to systematise and perfect such means. There is only one form of exercise that will correctly and definitely restore the Body to its healthy normal condition, and that is to Stretch ! Stretch ! Stretch ! every muscle and every limb lor a few minutes each day. This is a state- ment of which I defy contradiction. Abnormal fees, alluring literature, or sensational advertising do not in reality cnuiit fur anything. ilT llS THE METHOD. I am the inventor of the stretching method of cucrcise which is so much appreciated by over 100,000 of my pupils to-day. Those who would care to know more about this simple and natural method may do so by applying to-day for a copy nf my latest bonk entitled " Stretch, Stretch, or the Art of Physical Beauty. ° In this one volume will be found a complete library of in- fi>iinatiiin i>n tlic efficacy of the stretching method in curing and reninving tlie following ailments and defects : — Weak Heart, Flatulence, Liver Disorders, Nervous Ailments, Weak Back, St anted Growth, Organic Troubles, This book will be found of great help and very instructive, x'hose who are fit will learn how and why they should keep fit. In fact every man and woman who has the slightest regard for their personal appearance or health will read my latest book with interest. Please mer.-ion Review of Reviews. WRITE OR CnUL— F. MEREDITH GLEASE, 124, IIgl Bond St., London, W. F. MEREDITH CLEASE, The British Physic<(l Culture Expert. Obesity, Prominent Hips, Protruding Abdor.icn, Constipation, Indigestion, Lack of Symmetry, Imperfect Bust Development. STRAIGHT FROM "AULD REEKIE." Something Characteristically Scotch. We will send, poitage paid, a packet of our famous National Scotch Shortbread made up in various forms and sizes, as follows : — "NATIONAL" Shortbread - - - 1/7 2/8 and 3/10 " 5 O'CLOCK " Shortbread in biscuits - 1/4 1/10 and 2/5 "ORNAMENTED" Shortbread in tins 3/6 5/6 8/3 and 11/6 All as pure as they are delicious. SEND Is. FOR AN ASSORTED TRIAL PACKET. As one of the leading makers in Scotland, established since 1861. we make only Shortbread of the highest qnality, and have a world-wide reputation for excellence. A. RITCHIE & SON, 24 Princes Street (opposite Waverley Station), Edinburgh, Scotland. Thank you for mentioning the Review of Reviews when writing to advertisers. io6 REVIEW OF REVIEWS. March 1, 1913. HEIGHT INCREASED If you are under forty, I can increase your height by from two to three inches within three months, by means of my special exer- cises. No appliances, no drugs no dieting. Send three penny stamp? for particulars of my system. ARTHUR GIRVAN, Special- ist in the Increase of Height (Dept. R. R.), 17 Stroud Green Road, London) N. ^^ — \\ r^ 6l ft: i J* w ^ "^^^m 5" u r_^^^^T . REMARKABLE PAPER. You can now take up to 18 copies at one operation on most Typewriters with CYRO Carbon Paper. In addition to giving so many clear permanent copies, it is as clean to handle as a sheet of parchment. Sind 1/6 for Sample Dozen Sheets. State TyDewrlter. FARQUHARSON BROS. (Sole Makers in Scotland , GLASGOW. ALL PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS. ARMY, INDIA POLICE, UNIVERSITIES, AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS. 13 SUCCESSES (all 1st Trial) out of 14 sent up. Stajf : University Honours Men and 2 Examiners to University of London LOWEST FEES. Good Chemical and Physical Laboratories EALING COACWINO COLLEGE, EALING. W. Phone 684. Hr Ksenwein.. SHORT-STORY WRITING A course of forty lessunr> in the lustury, form, slriu.- ture, and writing of the Short-Story, taught by J. Berg Esenwein, Editor Lippincott's Magazine. Over one hundred Home Study Courses under profes- sors in Harvard. Brcrivn,Cprncll,a>td othergreai .Ameri- can Colleges. 2S0-page Catalogue Free. Please .Vddress : The Home Correspondence School. Dept. 358,Sprin^field, Mass POSTER Showcard. Black-and-White Adver. tisement, and Fashion deslfialiU. Also .Miniature Litho^^raphy and China PuintinK tauMht at Studloi, or prattica! lessons sent by post. Stodents' Drawings placed. Firms requirin»i desi)le Dictionary is a concen- trated work of great value ; a whole library in one volume. It is Modern, Impartial, Com- prehensive, Exact. Its numerous contributors are amongst the first scholars of Great Britain, Europe, Canada, and America. It embodies the best cf modern scholarship about the people and places of the Bible, its events and incidents, its geography and history, its litera- ture and its religion. There are in it : 9,000 Subjects and Titles arrangec] in A to Z encyclopaedic form, all ready for immediate reference, with copious cross references which make the finding of any subject an easy matter. 463 Illustrations, profuse and accurate, including numerous full page maps in COLOURS, with all descriptions typographically correct. 944 well printed large quarto pages strongly cloth bound in durable and pleasing style. The Dictionary measures loj^ in. x 7:^ in. x 2i in. It is admittedly the best yet published and vou can onlv <:el it at lialf-price bv be- coming a subscriber to the Re\ie\\ of Reviews. Send 6/- which will bring you the magazine for twelve months (or send a new>agent'.- receipt showing that you have paid him 6 - lor it), sign the form below and the Diction arv will be sent on to you at once b}' post. The Stdndard Biblical Dictionarg. Xo »He Svibscription Manager, The Review of Revie-ws. T. &L O. Building's, S^wanston St., Melbourne. Please enter my name as a subscriber to the Review of Reviews for twelve months, beginning with the April Number for which I enclose 6s. Please also send me a copy of the Standard Biblical Dictionary for which 1 undertake to pay 4s. a month for four months, begin- ning the 1st of next month. Signed Address (A payment of 15s will purchase the Dlctlonar> outright ) Price of Dictionarij to Re\ie\\ Subscribers only 16 - net! Jtevieu- of Eeviru-t, 1/SJtS, Review of itcvievs, l/i/tS. ANTHONY HORDERNS' FOR Ardath Cabinet Cigars Imummuuimuuuiuui ARDATH CABINET CICARS, No. 444 and No. 666, are justly popular for the reason that they are BE.'\UTIFULL\' MILD and AROM.ATIC, filled with a DELICIOUS BLEND of SELECTED tobacco, uniform in quality, and contain only a MINIML'M of nicotine. ARDATH CACINET CICARS, No. 444 and No. (idO, are distinctly the FIRST R.ANK of MEDIUM-PRICED CIG.ARS. They are made under PERFECT con- ditions, and combine EVERY POINT OF ENCELLENCE demanded by the CIG.AR CONNOISSEUR. ARDATH CABINET CICARS, No. 444 and No. 660, can only be obtained at the NEW PALACE E.MPORIU.M. and are CIGARS that will be SMOKED with APPRECIATION by the most critical. We recommend these Cij;ais with con fidence. ARDATH CICARS, No. 444 and No. 666. arc packed in ARTISTIC AM. Y-PRE PARED Cabinets, fitted with a SPRING Catch, and make ,ni IDEAL I'RESEN I for any man. • Our unique system of spot casji trading: enables us to sell the?c HIGH GR.ADE CIG.^RS at prices which OrrCR ABSOLUTELY THC BEST VALUE IN THE! LAND. Box of 25 50 100 No. 444 = 7/6 14/6 28/6 No. 666 = 10/- 19/6 38/6 POSTAGE . Box of 25-N.S.W.. 6d., other States. 8cl. extra. Box of 50 N.S.W.. 9d., other States, L2 extra. Write for Price List of Tobacco, Cigars, and Smokers' Requisites, posted free on request. It will save you sovereigns. Anthony Hordern & Sons Ltd., Only Universal Providers, Ne-w Palace Emporium. BRICKFIELD HILL, SYDNEY. Printed and published by John Osborne, 508 Albert-at., E. Melbourne; Sole Wholesale Distributinp Agents for A"9tralaHia : Mcsflrs. Gordon and Gotoh Pty. Ltd.