sV;'>?':,j s-:

B. M.

v. (N.H,j a

Britisb flDuseum (Natural Ibistorp).

This is No. /£ 5 of 25 copies
of ,; A Revision of the Ichneumonidae"
Part IV. printed on special paper.

Hi

PRESENTED

BY

Zbc {Trustees

o*

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

A REVISION OF THE

ICHNEUMOJNTDAE

BASED ON THE COLLECTION IN THE
hi £

\\A BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES

PART IV.
TRIBES JOPPIDES, BANCHIDES AND ALOMYIDES

BY

CLAUDE MORLEY, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

z4a-T5q

LONDON

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM

AND SOLD BY

LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., 39, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.C. ;
«. QUARITCH, 11, GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, LONDON, W. ;

DULAU & CO.. LTD., 37, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. ;
THE MIDLAND EDUCATIONAL CO., LTD., CORPORATION STREET,
BIRMINGHAM ;

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.

1915
(All- Rights Reserved)

WITHERBY & CO.,

Letterpress and Colour Printers,
London.

PREFACE.

In the present work, Mr. Claude Morley has continued the
" Revision " commenced by him in 1912, and has dealt
with the Tribes Joppides and Alomyides of the Subfamily
Ichneumoninse.

The thanks of the Trustees are again due to Mr. Rupert
Stenton, F.E.S., who has drawn and presented the figure
from which the plate illustrating Part IV. was reproduced.

CHARLES J. GAHAN.

British Museum (Natural History),
March, 1915.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX

Family— ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Subfamily— ICHNEUMONINAE.

Tbibe-^TOPPIDES.

PAGE

JOPPA, Fab 9

1. thoracica, Brulle* 10

2. fuscipennis, Szepl 10

3. paraguayensis, Szepl 10

4. fenestrata, Kriech 10

5. bicolor, Szepl 10

6. mellea, Kriech 10

7. fuBcata, Kriech 10

8. fumipennis, Cress.* 10

9. braunsi, Kriech.* 1

10. peruana, Szepl 1

1 1 . burmeisteri, Kriech. * .... 1

12. laminata, Kriech.* 1

13. mesoxantha, Kriech 1

14. maculicoxis, Kriech 1

15. antennator, Fab.* 1

16. dimidiata, Brulle* 1

17. nigriceps, Cam.* 1

18. omata, Brulle* 1

19. didymoneura, Kriech 1

20. hypoxantha, Kriech 1

21. vespertilio, Kriech 1

22. modesta, Smith* 12

23. pulvinata, Kriech 12

24. unistriolata, Kriech 12

25. nigricoxis, Kriech 12

26. lindigii, Kriech 12

27. parvula, Kriech 12

28. maculigera, Kriech 12

29. bilimeki, Kriech 12

30. beskei, Kriech 12

31. radians, Kriech 12

32. hilaris, Smith* 12

33. noctilio, Kriech 12

34. fumibasis, Kriech.* 12

35. fuliginosa, Kriech 12

36. sumichrasti, Cress.* 13

37. geniculate, Cam.* 13

38. chiriquensis, Cam.* 13

Joppa, Fab. — contd.
38a. melanaspis, Kriech 13

39. strigulifera, Kriech 13

40. biplagiata, Kriech 13

41. nominator, Fab.* 13

42. atropos, Kriech 13

43. bisignata, Kriech 13

44. venezuelana, Kriech 13

45. cinctipes, Kriech 13

46. triangulifera, Kriech 13

47. discophora, Kriech 13

48. basinotata, Kriech 13

49. winthemi, Kriech 14

50. binotulata, Kriech 14

51. surinamensls, Kriech.* .... 14

52. zonata, Szepl 14

53. auripennis, Brulle* .... 14

54. marginalis, Szepl 14

55. melanosticta, Kriech 14

56. dorsata, Fab.* 14

57. sinuata, Szepl 14

58. dorsosignata, Kriech.* .... 14

59. parva, Szepl 14

60. xanthostigma, Cam.* .... 14

61. variabilis, Kriech.* 14

62. melanostigma, Cam.* .... 14

63. brasiliensis, Szepl 15

64. larvata, Kriech 15

65. bolivienis, Sz6pl 15

66. xanthomelaena, Kriech. . . 15

67. similis, Szepl 15

68. dromedarius, Kriech 15

69. linearis, Kriech.* 15

70. furcifera, Kriech 15

71. nigronotata, Kriech 15

72. setosa, Szepl 15

73. minor, Szepl 15

74. nigrofasciata, Kriech 15

75. furcula, Kriech 15

The species represented in the British Museum are marked with
an asterisk.

VI

ICITNEUMONIDAE.

Systematic Index — contd.

PAGE

Joppa, Fab. — cont.

76. brunnii, Kriech.* 15

77. stigmatica, Mori.* 15

78. albipes, Kriech 16

79. varians, Kriech.* 16

80. mesopyrrha, Kriech. 16

81. imelanocephala, Cam.* .... 16

82. carinifrons, Kriech.* 16

83. extremis, Mori.* 16

84. subvittata, Kriech.* 16

85. affinis, Szepl 16

86. distinguens, Mori.* 16

87. major, Szepl 16

88. bimaculata, Spin 16

89. limbata, Kriech.* 16

90. geminata, Kriech.* 16

91. quadrilineolata, Kriech. ..16

92. moritzi, Kriech 16

93. verticalis, Fab 17

94. aurita, Kriech 17

95. ornata, Brulle 17

96. auronitens, Kriech 17

97. setigera, Kriech.* 17

98. elegans, Szepl 17

99. elegantula, Cress.* 17

100. quadrinotata, Kriech 17

EUJOPPA, Szepl 34

1. kriechbaumeri, Szepl 34

CRYPTOPYGE, Kriech 34

1. picta, Guer.* 34

2. laeva, Mori 35

3. obtusa, Kriech.* 35

4. tricolor, Szepl 35

5. unicolor, Szepl 35

6. pulchripennis, Smith* .... 35

7. variegata, Szepl 35

MACROJOPPA, Kriech 38

1. blandita, Cress.* 38

2. nigra, Szepl.* 38

3. polysticta, Kriech 38

4. surinamensis, Kriech 38

5. confusa, Kriech 38

6. inclyta, Cress.* 38

7. elegans, Brulle * 38

8. haematodes, Szepl 38

9. concinna, Bi-ulle* 38

10. bogotensis, Kriech 38

11. bifasciata, Szepl 38

12. conflata, Mori.* 38

13. 8tapedifera, Kriech.* .... 38

14. taschenbersji, Kriech 38

PAOK

Macrojoppa, Kriech. — contd.

15. imperialis, Mori.* 39

16. nigrosignata, Kriech.* .... 39

17. nigrofaseiata, Kriech 39

18. rufa, Szepl 39

19. fulva, Kriech.* 39

20. haematogaster, Sz6pl 39

21. trifasciata, Kriech 39

22. pulchra, Szepl 39

23. similis, Szepl 39

24. amazonica, Kriech. * 39

CONOPYGE, Kriech 46

1. cinctipes, Kriech 46

2. flavipes, Cam. * 46

3. conica, Brulle * 46

4. tibialis. Kriech 46

LINDIGIA, Kriech 48

1. multiplagiata, Cam.* ... .48

2. ochracea, Mori.* 48

3. immaculata, Mori. * 48

4. af ricana, Mori. * 48

EPIJOPPA, Mori 49

1. verecunda, Tosq.* 50

2. fumosa, Mori.* 50

3. dimidiata, Mori.* 50

4. corrugata, Tosq 50

5. eucoelea, Mori. * 50

(i. variabilis, Mori. * 50

7. nigricoxata, Mori. * 50

8. rubricata, Mori. * 50

POEC1LOJOPPA, Kriech 54

1. histrio, Kriech 54

2. annulicornis, Szepl 54

3. concolor, Szepl 54

4. variegata, Szepl 54

ISCHNOPUS, Kriech 54

1. longiceps, Kriech 54

2. olfersi, Kriech 54

3. subfasciatus, Szepl.* 54

4. ruf us. Brulle. * 54

5. scutellaris, Szepl.* 54

6. melanurus, Kriech 54

7. bifasciatus, Szepl 54

ATANYJOPPA, Cam 56

1. flavomaculata, Cam.* .... 57

2. rufomaculata, Cam. 57

3. maculipes, Cam 57

4. maculosa, Smith* 57

5. trunculenta. Cam. * 57

JOPPIDES.

Systematic Index — contd.

VII

PAGE

PEDINOPELTE, Kriech 58

1. gravenhorsti, Guer.* 58

2. maculipennis, Szepl 58

3. mocsaryi, Szepl 58

4. violaceipennis. Cam. * .... 58

5. orientalis, Szepl 58

DINOTOMUS, Forst 61

1. pompeji, Kriech 61

2. africanus, Mori 61

3. spinosus, Mori 61

4. violaceus, Mocs.* 61

5. bicolor, Rad 61

6. apicatus, Davis 61

7. fulvipes, Cress 62

8. pietus, Kriech.* 62

9. lapidator, Fab.* 62

10. fletcheri, Harr 62

11. vulpinus, Grav.* 62

12. thoracieus,. Cress 62

13. edwardsi, Cress 62

14. xuthi, Kriech.* 62

15. basalls, Mori.* 62

16. orientalis, Kriech 62

17. coelopyga, Mori 62

18. flavipennis, Cress 62

19. fasciipennis, Cress 62

OEDICEPHALUS, Cress 69

1. longicornis, Cress.* 70

2. vicinus, Cress 70

3. sororius, Cress.* 70

4. aureolus, Tosq 70

5. gracilicornis, Cress 70

6. albomaculatus, Ashm 70

7. fortispina, Cam. * 70

8. erythropyga, Mori. * 70

9. lineiger, Mori. * 70

10. pusifius, Cress 70

11. albovarius, Cress 70

TROGOMORPHA, Ashm 71

1. trogiformis, Cress.* 72

TETRAGONOCHORA, Kriech. 72

1. polyehroa, Brulle 73

2. abdominalis, Mori.* 73

3. lepida, Brulle 73

4. bispina, Brulle 74

5. rufiventris, Brulle 74

6. xanthogaster. Brulle 74

7. anomala, Mori.* 74

8. rufa, Cam.* 74

9. annulata, Brulle * 74

10. theronioides, Mori.* 74

PAGE

Tetragonochora, Kriech. — contd.

11. brasiliensis, Szepl.* 74

12. flavonigra, Kriech.* 74

13. maculicollis, Cam.* 74

14. melanopyga, Brulle* .... 74

15. metzii, Kriech. .-' 74

16. viridis, Brulle 74

17. scutellata, Brulle 74

18. discifera, Kriech 74

19. tarsalis, Mori.* 74

HOLO JOPPA, Szepl 78

1. grandis, Szepl 79

AUTOMALUS, Wesm 79

1. alboguttatus, Grav.* .... 79

CATADELPHUS, Wesm 79

1. arrogator, Fab.* 80

2. obsidianator, Brulle.* . . . . 80

3. anceyi, Berth 80

4. stigmaticus, Mori.* 80

5. nigrocyaneus, Tosq 80

TROGUS, Panz 81

1. atrocaeruleus, Cress.* ....82

2. excellens, Cam. * 82

3. brullei. Cress 82

4. marginipennis, Cress 82

5. flammipennis, Mori. * 82

6. austrinus, Cress 82

7. violaceus, Szepl 82

8. arrogans, Smith* 82

9. atrox, Cress 83

10. apicalis, Cress 83

11. brunneipennis, Smith .... 83

12. occidentalis, Cress 83

13. nubilipennis, Hald 83

14. pulcherrimus, Ashm 83

15. cuspidiger, Kriech.* ...... 83

16. apicalis, Kriech 83

17. quebecensis, Prov 83

18. lutorius, Fab.* 83

19. exaltatorius, Panz.* 83

20. pepsoides, Smith* 83

21. chinensis, Mori.* 83

22. bolteri, Cress 83

23. nigriventris, Kriech 83

24. copei, Cress 83

25. canadensis, Prov 83

26. vulpinus, Szepl 84

27. rileyi, Cress 84

28. buccatus, Cress 84

29. mellosus, Cress .'84

30. elegans, Cress 84

vni

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Systematic Index — contd.

PAGE

HENICOPHATNUS, Kriech. . . 88
1. rufithorax, Kriech 89

XANTHOJOPPA, Cam 89

1. trilineata, Cam 90

2. crassispina, Cam 90

3. femorata. Cam 90

4. geniculata, Cam 90

5. nigrolineata, Cam 90

6. latebalteata, Cam 90

ACANTHOJOPPA, Cam 90

1. schizaspis, Cam 90

2. flavidorbitalis, Cam.* .... 91

3. variicornis, Cam 91

4. dudgeoni, Cam 91

5. nigrolineata, Cam 91

6. indica, Cam.* 91

7. xanthopsis, Cam 91

8. nigromaculata, Cam 91

9. tricolor, Cam 91

10. apicilineata, Cam 91

11. tinctipennis, Cam 91

12. lutea, Cam 91

13. curtispina, Cam 91

CTENOCHARES, Forst 93

1. instructor, Fab.* 93

2. testacea, Szepl.* 93

3. blandita, Tosq.* 94

4. madecassa, Mori. * 94

5. vigilator, Fab.* 94

STIROJOPPA, Cam 96

1. violaceipennis, Cam.* .... 97

ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriech 97

1. luteator, Fab.* 97

MICROSAGE, Kriech 99

1. sieberi, Kriech.* 99

2. olfersii, Kriech 99

PROTICHNEUMON, Thorns. 100

1. disparis, Poda.* 101

2. devinctor, Say.* 101

3. meridionalis, Cress.* .... 101

4. grandis, Brulle * 101

5. placidus, Prov.* 101

6. rufiventris, Brulle * 101

7. fusorius, Linn.* 101

8. jesperi, Hlmgr 101

9. pisorius, Linn.* 101

10. erythrogaster, Steph.*. . . . 101

11. persicus, Mori.* 101

PAGE

Protichneumon, Thorns. — contd.

12. fuscipennis, Wesm.* .... 101

13. rufobalteatus, Cam 105

14. binghami. Cam 105

15. tibialis, Cam 105

16. rufipes, Cam 105

17. flavidornatus, Cam 105

18. rothneyi, Cam 105

19. rufocinctus, Cam 105

20. piceipennis, Mori 106

21. melanoptera, Cam 106

22. iridipennis, Cam 106

23. variicornis, Cam 106

24. aelvanus, Cam 106

25. violaceipennis, Cam 106

26. ruficauda, Cam 106

27. ruficeps, Cam 106

28. variipes, Cam 106

29. maculiceps, Cam 106

30. maculicollis, Cam 106

HADROJOPPA, Cam 106

1. annulitarsis, Cam.* 107

2. fumipennis, Cam.* 107

3. forticornis, Cam 107

4. cognatoria, Smith* .... 108

5. laminatoria, Fab.* 108

ILEANTA, Cam 108

1. latitarsis, Cam 109

2. fulvipes, Cam 109

3. trochanterata, Cam 109

CRATOJOPPA, Cam 109

1. robusta, Cam.* 110

2. maculata, Cam.* 110

3. cingulata, Cam.* 110

4. strigosa, Mori Ill

5. ornaticeps, Cam.* Ill

AGLAOJOPPA, Cam 112

1. bohemani, Hlmgr.* 112

2. decrescens, Thorns 112

3. sugillatorius, Linn. * .... 1 1 2

4. cyaniventris, Wesm 112

5. flavomaculata, Cam 113

6. caerulescens, Mori.* .... 113

7. iridipennis, Cam.* 113

8. basalis, Mori.* 113

9. maculipes, Cam 113

10. caeruleodorsata, Cam. ..113

11. nigrocaerulea, Cam 113

1 2. cariniscutis, Cam 113

13. maculiscutis, Cam 113

JOPPIDES.

Systematic Index — conid.

IX

PAGE

Aglaojoppa, Cam. — contd.

14. flavolineata, Cam 113

15. quinquemaculata, Cam. . . 113

16. latemaculata, Cam 113

17. femorata, Cam 113

18. maculiceps, Cam.* 113

1 9. violaceipennis, Cam 113

20. quadrimaculata, Cam. ..113

21. rothneyi, Cam 114

22. rufofemorata, Cam 114

23. alecto, Mori 1 14

24. sathanas, Mori 114

25. opiniosa, Cam.* 118

26. apicicarinata, Mori.* .... 118

27. suffraganea, Cam.* 118

28. cholula, Cress.* 118

29. valladoledensis, Cam. * ..118

30. subseciva, Cam.* 118

COELICHNEUMON, Thorns. 120

1. fuscipes, Gmel.* 120

2. periscelis, Wesm 120

3. rudis, Fonsc* 120

4. sinister, Wesm.* 120

5. dorsisignatus, Berth.* . . 120

6. leucocerus, Grav.* 120

7. comitator, Linn.* 121

8. rubens, Fonsc 121

9. derasus, Wesm.* 121

10. bilineatus, Gmel 121

11. consimilis, Wesm 121

12. lineator, Fab.* 121

13. ruficauda, Wesm 121

14. microstictus, Grav.* ....121

15. liocnemis, Thorns.* 121

16. albicillus, Grav 121

17. moestus, Grav 121

18. impressor, Zett 121

PAGE

Coelichnettmon, Thorns. — contd.

19. castaneiventris, Grav. ..121

20. centummaculatus, Chr. ..123

21. falsificus, Wesm 123

22. tenuitarsis, Thorns. ' 123

23. biannulatus, Grav 123

24. coactus, Thorns 123

25. truncatulus, Thorns 123

26. rufofemoratus, Cam 123

27. austeni, Cam 123

28. striatus, Cam.* 123

29. nigrocaeruleus, Cam 123

30. caeruleicaudis, Cam 123

31. caeruleus, Cam.* 123

32. albinotatus, Cam.* 123

33. albipilosellus, Cam 123

34. renovatus, Mori 123

35. properatus, Mori.* 125

36. pulcher, Brulle * 125

37. caeruleus, Cress.* 125

38. viridissimus, Mori.* .... 125

39. virescens, Cress.* 125

40. chalybaeus, Cress.* 125

41. vittifrons, Cress.* 126

42. unifasciatorius, Say.* .... 126

43. agnitus, Cress.* 126

44. navus, Say.* 126

45. barnstoni, Mori.* 126

46. maurus, Cress.* 126

47. odiosus, Cress.* 126

48. viola, Cress.* 126

49. malacus, Say.* 126

50. maurator, Brull6 * 126

51. suffultus, Cam.* 126

52. serricornis, Cress.* 126

53. sponsatorius, Fab.* . . . . 126

54. W-album, Cress.* 126

55. zapotecus, Cress.* 126

56. prolixus, Cress.* 126

Subfamily — PIMPLINAE.
Tribe— BANCHIDES.

PAGE

TEGONA, Mori 135

rufipes, Mori.* 1 36

BANCHUS, Fab 136

1. flavovariegatus, Pro v.* . . 137

2. superbus, Cress.* 137

3. flavescens, Cress. * 1 37

PAGE

Banchus, Fab. — contd.

4. spinosus, Cress.* 137

5. variegator, Fab.* 137

6. pictus, Fab.* 137

7. ferrugator, Kirby.* 138

8. falcator, Fab.* 138

9. nobititator, sp. n.* 138

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Systematic Index — contd.

PAGE

FINTONA, Cam 136

1. nigripalpis, Cam.* 136

BANCHOIDES, Torre 139

1. graeca, Kriech.* 139

EPONITES, Cam 139

1. ruficornis, Cam.* 140

2. scutellaris, Mori 140

AGATHILLA, Westw 140

1. fulvopicta, Westw 141

CERATOGASTER, Ashm. . . 141

1. rubyatus, Davis 141

2. rufus, Prov 141

3. apicalis, Cress.* 141

EXETASTES, Grav 142

1. cinctipes, Retz.* 143

2. illyricus, Strobl.* 143

3. nigripes, Grav.* 143

4. illusor, Grav.* 143

5. notatus, Hlmgr.* 143

6. guttatorius, Grav.* 143

7. femorator, Desv.* 143

PAGE

Exetastes, Grav. — contd.

8. bicoloratus, Grav.* 143

9. laeyigator, Vill.* 143

10. alpinus, Kriech.* 144

11. fornicator, Fab.* 144

12. flavitarsus, Grav 144

13. calobatus, Grav 144

14. maurus, Desv 144

15. inquisitor, Grav.* 144

16. crassus, Grav.* 144

17. scutellaris, Cress.* 147

18. obscurus, Cress.* 147

19. niger, Cress.* 148

20. rufofemoratus, Prov.* . . 148

21. rubrinotum, Mori.* 148

22. vacillans, Cam 149

LEPTOBATUS, Grav 149

degener, Grav.* 149

LABIUM, Brulle 150

1. bicolor, Brulle 150

2. ferrugineum, Cam.* .... 150

3. clavicorne, Mori.* 151

Subfamily— ICHNEUMONINAE.

Tribe— ALOMYIDES.

ALOMYIA, Panz l5*

1. debellator, Fab.* 156

CATALOGUE OF GENERA AND SPECIES HEREIN
BROUGHT FORWARD AS NEW.

Joppa, Fab.

stigmatica.

extremis.

distinguens.
Cryptopyge, Kriech.

laeva.
Macrojoppa, Kriech.

conflata.

imperialis.
Lindigia, Kriech.

ochracea.

immaculata.

africana.
EPIJOPPA.

fiimosa.

dimidiata.

eucoelea.

variablis.

nigricoxata.

rubricata.
Dinotomus.

[africanus.]

basalis.

coelopyga.
Oedicephalus, Cress.

erythropyga.

lineiger.
Tetragonochora, Kriech.

abdominalis.

anomala.

theronioides.

tarsalis.

Catadelphus, Wesm.

stigmaticus.
Trogus, Panz.

flammipennis.

chinensis.
Ctenochares, Forst.

madecassa.
Protichneumon, Thorns.

persicus.

[piceipennis.]
Crato joppa, Cam.

strigosa.
Aglaojoppa, Cam.

caerulescens.

basalis.

alecto.

sathanas.

apicicarinata.
Coelichneumon, Thorns.

[renovatus.]

properatua.

viridissimus.

barnstoni.
Banchus, Fab.

nobilitator.
Exetastes, Grav.

rubrinotum.
Labium, Brulle.

clavicorne.

CLASSIFIED SUMMARY

OF THE CONTENTS OF PARTS I. -IV.

Subfamily.

Tribe.

Part.

Page

Ichneumonmae

Joppides

IV.

3

? >

. . Alomyides

IV.

153

Pimplinae ...

Rl^ssides ...

II.

3

}>

. . Eehthromorphides

II.

33

>}

Pimplides

III.

3

j-

. . Banchides

IV.

135

Trvphoninae

.. Metopiides ...

I.

73

„

.. Bassides

III.

123

Ophioninae

. . Anomalides

II.

49

;

.. Ophionides

I.

3

■>

Paniscides ...

II.

101

A REVISION
OF THE ICHNEUMONIDAE.

PART IV.

SUB-FAMILY ICHNEUMONINAE.

TRIBE.— JOPPIDES.

The genera Joppa and Ichneumon of Fabricius present so
many characters in common that they can only be considered
as subdivisions of one sub-family (the Ichneumoninae) and
it is scarcely possible to fix a hard and fast boundary between
them. The two principal characters, which are most notice-
able in the more developed species, those by wliich they
[the Joppides] are chiefly distinguished from the Ichnetimonae,
and which therefore deserve our first attention, are (1) the
sharply separated, aciculate abdominal segments, and (2)
the lanceolately dilated antennae of the female beyond the
middle. (The antennae of the male are shortly serrate or
have the joints apically subnodulose, but it is doubtful
whether this character is of itself sufficiently constant and
trustworthy.) Most authors have hitherto relied chiefly
on the second character, and either not noticed the first or
only as quite a secondary affair, while others have given
undue prominence to the shape of the scutellum and place
all the species of Ichneumon and Joppa with a conically-
pointed scutellum in the genus Trogus. Thus the extent
and contents of the genus Joppa has differed considerably
at the hands of previous authors.

My studies of these insects have led me to the opinion that
those species in which the two above-named characters are
united, and which thus stand in strongest contrast to the
Ichneumones, are to be regarded as the type forms. These
I therefore call HOLOJOPPINAE. Those species which
possess only one of these characters I call HEMIJOPPINAE :
those species with strongly discrete and usually aciculate
segments are HEMIJOPPINAE ACTCULATAE, and those
with the lanceolate-dilated female antennae are HEMI-
JOPPINAE DORYPHORAE. The species contained in each
of these groups show such differences among themselves as
to require the erection of a number of new genera, which

b2

4 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

together form the tribe of the Joppides, in contradistinction
to the Ichneumonides.

Thus Dr. Joseph Kriechbaumer, Second Curator in the
Munich Museum, lays down the foundations of the Joppides
as we understand the Tribe to-day in his two papers, " Beitrag
zu einer Monographic der Joppinen, einer Unterfamilie der
Ichneumoniden " (Berliner Entomolog. Zeitschr., xliii, 1898,
pp. 1-166) and " Die Gattung Joppa " (Entomologische
Nachrichten, xxiv, Jan. 1898, pp. 1-36). The second is
no more than a precis or resume of the detailed accounts
of every genus and species contained in the first ; and the
object of its publication is obscure, for the very wording of
the Tables and diagnosis is identical — unless it be to appeal
to a wider public. That it was published, however, we
camiot be too thankful, for the larger detailed work came
to an untimely end after the first six genera (exactly com-
prising the Holojoppinae) had been treated of, for no
apparent reason. For the remainder of Kriechbaumer's
Essay we have nothing but this bare skeleton in the Ent.
Nachr., giving but a few words to each species, and for this
reason I have, in the following paper, accorded preference to
the full accounts of the Berliner Ent. Zeit. so long as they
last, quoting the Ent. Nachr. only in the second part of
the subject, which was never published in the Berliner
Ent. Zeit. ; in the last-named Magazine this valuable paper
is accompanied by a very fair plate, to all the figures of
which I have referred with some care, since Dalla Torre in
his invaluable Catalogus failed to notice it at all.

In placing among the more typical genera of the Joppides
those with aciculate abdomen, whether the segments be
discrete or not, Kriechbaumer is on solid ground ; but in
advancing to deal with other genera more closely allied to
the genus Ichneumon he finds no firm footing, and is at a
loss where to mark his limit. Thus he includes Dinotomus
but not Trogus, Lindigia but not Coelichneumon, etc. As
Ashmead says in 1900 of the Ichneumonides, " this tribe
is scarcely separable from some forms belonging to the
Joppini, and it requires considerable care and the closest
scrutiny for the detection of the metathoracic differences,
used in my table of tribes, before one can be sure of the
position of certain forms. It is clearly connected with the
Joppini by the genus Amblyteles (correctly left there) and
the allied genera through Protickneumon, Coelichneumon, and
Automatus," which he, for the first time, relegated to the
Joppides. In my Ichneumonologia Britannica of 1903, I
adopted this relegation ; and now. after ten years' experience,

JOPPIDES. 5

am still of the opinion that these genera are more
naturally treated under the Joppides. This can only be
done by relying primarily upon the presence of a deeply
impressed sulcus between the postscutellum and metathorax.
Ashmead's distinctions are : —

" Metanotum with a strong constriction or furrow between
it and the postscutellum ; the metanotum usually short,
with a median elevation toward the base " ; his other
characters are of little value. JOPPIDES.

" Metanotum without such a constriction or furrow, at
most with only a weak furrow between it and the post-
scutellum ; metanotum rarely short, always without a
median elevation at base," etc., etc. ICHNEUMONIDES.

The abdominal aciculation, where present, is a beautiful
character ; but this unfortunately fails us half way and is,
moreover, not infrequently to be found in a modified form
upon the disc of the second to fourth segments in many true
Ichneumonides. The explanate centre of the female flagellum
is more fully developed in the Joppides, but by no means
confined (except in degree) to them ; and as has been pointed
out, is again exhibited in highly developed form among the
Tryphonid genus Enceros, Grav., as well as in the Pimplid
Closteroceros , Htg. (of. Revis. Ichn., part iii, p. 9), etc.;
while it is at best applicable to one sex, the serrations of the
male flagellum being by no means restricted in the same
ratio.

Though this antennal structure be insufficient for Tribal
distinction, it is invaluable for the discrimination of sexes
throughout all Joppides, the females among the more typical
of which frequently have the terebra retracted and con-
cealed to such an extent that many of the earliest authors
habitually transposed the sexes ; and even in those genera
that may be considered least typical, the male antennae
are always strongly attenuate throughout, whereas the
females have them at least as stout beyond their centre as
at their base. Kriechbaumer's papers are built up of such
superficial — not necessarily unreliable or unnatural — char-
acters that but few of his generic or specific distinctions
demand the use of a lens. But, with the exception of alar
infumation the variability of which he seems to have largely
ignored, coloration in the more typical part of the Tribe is
so constant and, in any case, so conspicuous that he can
hardly have failed to lay a firm foundation; the one weak
point is this very alar variability and the doubtful stability
of many of his species will be realised when one notices
that, out of his total of 103 species of Holojoppinae, fifty

D TCHNEUMONIDAE.

were erected upon a single specimen and seventeen more
upon only two specimens each ; his selection of the exserted
labrum for generic distinction in this group supplies an
entirely constant character.

The limits of the Joppides were not carried far enough by
Cameron in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, in which he
gives all the references to Cresson's earlier descriptions,
though he hardly appears to have troubled to consult
them ; and many of his " new " species are certainly
synonymous. On the other hand, in his scattered work
on the Oriental Ichneumoninae (with which alone we are at
present concerned), Cameron has carried the limits of the
Joppides farther than I have at present been able to follow
all of his genera, which certainly range — according to those
of his types I have had an opportunity of examining — through
the Ichneumon, Amblyteles, etc., to the Platyurini, to which
his genus Habrojoppa certainly belongs !

Both Frederick Smith about 1865 and Adam White about
1850 had already taken especial interest in the British
Museum specimens of the large and handsome Joppides ;
and W. E. Leach was not ignorant of them so early as
about 1 820 ; though they mixed Melanichneumon among
Macrojoppa, Platyurini among Joppa, and Neoiheronia among
Tetragonochora, obviously for lack of definite limits.

The paucity of material in European Museums must
account for the small amount of interest that these insects
have hitherto evoked, and no one has yet drawn sufficient
attention to their remarkable grace and beauty, combining
delicacy of outline with both fine and brilliant, not infre-
quently metallic, coloration. W. E. Shuckard (in Lardner's
Cabinet Cyclopedia, x, 1840, p. 185), in speaking of the
Ichneumonidae in general remarks : " It is in this family
that the splendid exotic Joppa occurs, which in one sex has
the antennae suddenly dilated and compressed " ; it is he
who, probably first, calls attention to the similarity of
Euceros at page 86.

In the following Table of Genera I have been unable to
include the African Tosquinetia, Ashm. (Canad. Entom.
1900, p. 368) and Megajoppa., Szepl. (Term. Fiiz. 1900, p. 289)
for lack of material. Of the others included under this
Tribe by Dal la Torre, TricypJms is considered synonymous
with Trogus ; Ckreusa, Cam., belongs to the Pimplinae (cf.
Fauna of India, Ich. I, 1913, p. 31) : Rothneyia, Cam., is a
Cryptid closely related to Demopheles ; and Abzaria is
considered by Cresson himself to belong to the Platyurini.

(16

(15

(10

(7

(6

(5

(4
(9

(8

(3

(12

(11
(14

(13

(2

(1

(28

(19

(18

(21

(20
(23

(22
(27
'26

JOPPIDES. 7

TABLE OF GENERA.

1. Segments both aciculate and laterally angularly produced ;

flagellum of $ dilated and of <£ serrate.

[HOLOJOPPINAE, Kriech.]

2. Mesonotum evenly punctate ; clypeus not centrally pro-

duced nor colour metallic.

3. Alar infumation always more or less broad ; $ flagellum

usually broadly dilated.

4. Labrum always concealed beneath clypeus ; smaller

species.

5. Abdomen subfusiform, as broad as thorax ; second

segment subquadrate. JOPPA, Fab.

6. Abdomen linear, half as broad as thorax ; second segment

elongate. EUJOPPA, Szepl.

7. Labrum very distinctly exserted ; usually larger species.

8. Sixth (or in o* seventh) dorsal segment concealed, often

laterally spinate. CRYPTOPYGE, Kriech.

9. Sixth (and in (J seventh) dorsal segment prominent.

MACROJOPPA, Kriech.

10. Wings entirely hyaline ; $ flagellum often but slightly

dilated.

11. Flagellum of $ strongly dilated centrally; areolet sub-

quadrate. CONOPYGE, Kriech.

12. Flagellum of $ but slightly dilated ; alar areolet pentagonal.

13. Labrum exserted ; fourth segment strongly aciculate.

LINDIGIA, Kriech.

14. Labrum concealed ; fourth segment not at all aciculate.

POECILOJOPPA, Kriech.

15. Mesonotum rugose : colour metallic ; clypeus centrally

produced. EPIJOPPA, Mori.

16. At most one of the above three characters present.

[HEMIJOPPINAE, Kriech.]

17. Segments strongly discrete, laterally angular and aciculate ;

antennae usually filiform. [ACICULATAE, Kriech.]

18. Legs strongly elongate ; hind femora extending at least

to anus. ' ISCHNOPUS, Kriech.

19. Legs not strongly elongate ; hind femora extending at

most to apex of fourth segment.

20. Hind femora not or hardly extending beyond second

segment, ATANYJOPPA, Cam.

21. Hind femora extending far beyond second segment.

22 Scutellum distinctly deplanate ; wings mainly black.

PEDINOPELTE, Kriech.

23. Scutellum more or less pyramidal ; wings paler.

24. Face deplanate ; vertex not parallel-sided.

25. Abdomen dull and rugulose ; thyrid^i wanting.

DINOTOMUS, Forst.

8 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(25) 26. Abdomen glabrous, at most second segment striate ;
thyridii subentire. OEDICEPHALUS. Cress.

24) 27. Face strongly convex; vertex subquadrate ; abdominal
punctures deep. TROGOMORPHA, Ashm.

(17) 28. Segments but little discrete, not angular nor aciculate ;
antennae of $ usually strongly dilated.

[DORYPHORAE, Kriech.]

(62) 29. Flagellum of $ usually strongly dilated centrally, of <J
usually serrate.

(33) 30. Areolet of the wing quadrate, parallel-sided and large.

(32) 31. Recurrent nervure emitted from centre of areolet ;
metanotum trans-strigose.

TETRAGONOCHORA, Kriech.

(31) 32. Recurrent nervure emitted from hear apex of areolet;
metanotum costate. HOLOJOPPA, Szepl.

(30) 33. Areolet of the wing trapezoidal or pentagonal, not large.

(39) 34. Scutellum strongly convex ; stout species.

(36) 35. Discoidal nervure strongly curved before the elongate

nervelet, CATADELPHUS, Wesm.

(35) 36. Discoidal nervure hardly curved before the normal

nervelet.
(38) 37. Labrum exserted ; areolet subpentagonal.

AUTOMALUS, Wesm.

(37) 38. Labrum concealed ; areolet rhomboidal. TROGUS, Panz.

(34) 39. Scutellum not or rarely convex ; slenderer species.

(41) 40. Areola occupying whole metanotal disc; other areae

wanting. HENICOPHATNUS, Kriech.

(40) 41. Structure of the metathorax otherwise.

(53) 42. Metathorax with very distinct lateral apophyses.

(48) 43. Labrum distinctly prominent ; apophyses very large.

( 45) 44. Wings hyaline throughout ; species mainly black.

CRYPTOJOPPA, Kriech.

(44) 45. Wings more or less infumate ; species testaceous.

(47) 46. Metanotal areolar carinae entirely wanting.

XANTHOJOPPA, Cam

(46) 47. Metanotal areolar carinae always strong and entire.

ACANTHOJOPPA, Cam.
(43) 48. Labrum concealed beneath clypeus ; apophyses small.

(50) 49. Scutellum ephippiform, slightly excised above.

ECCOPTOSAGE, Kriech.

(49) 50. Scutellum curved like a cushion and margined.

(52) 51. Areolet of the front wings exactly pentagonal.

CTENOCHARES, Forst.

(51) 52. Areolet of the front wings trapezoidal.

HOPLOJOPPA, Kriech.

(42) 53. Metathorax with no or extremely obsolete apophyses.

(55) 54. Labrum exserted ; wings deeply infumate throughout.

STIROJOPPA, Cam.

JOPPIDES. 9

(54) 55. Labium concealed ; wings not evenly infumate throughout.

(59) 56. Flagellum of female distinctly lanceolate.

(58) 57. Areolet irregular ; head transverse ; abdomen broad.

CAMAROTA, Kriech.

(57) 58. Areolet pentagonal ; head cubical ; abdomen narrow.

ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriech.

(56) 59. Flagellum of female not strongly dilated centrally.

(61) 60. Scutellum ephippiform ; metathoracic areae entirely
wanting. MICROSAGE, Kriech.

(60) 61. Scutellum conical ; metathoracic areae subcomplete.

STENOLONCHE, Kriech.

(29) 62. Flagellum of $ not strongly dilated, of $ with joints not
or hardly serrate.

(68) 63. Juxta-coxal and pleural metathoracic areae confluent.
(67) 64. Hind metatarsi not explanate beneath.

(66) 65. Areola not remote from metanotal base ; antennae normal.

PROTICHNEUMON, Thorns.
(65) 66. Areola remote from metanotal base ; antennae short.

HADROJOPPA, Cam.
(64) 67. Hind metatarsi semicircularly explanate beneath.

ILEANTA, Cam.

(63) 68. Juxta-coxal and pleural metathoracic areae carinately
discrete.

(70) 69. Metanotal areola elongate or sublinear.

CRATOJOPPA, Cam.

(69) 70. Metanotal areola nearly or quite as broad as long.

(72) 71. Labrum prominent ; body broadly flavous-marked.

AGLAOJOPPA, Cam.

(71) 72. Labrum concealed; body subimmaculate bluish or black.

COELICHNEUMON, Thorns.

JOPPA, Fabricius.

Fab. Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 120 ; Microjoppa, Kriech., Berl.
Ent. Zeit. xliii, 1898, p. 21.

The basis of Kriechbaumer's table of the present genus
is only unsatisfactory in so far as the alar infumescence
extends ; this appears to me to be far less constant than
he seems to have supposed ; and the cause is to be found
in the paucity of his material of each species, which in (I
think) the majority of cases was a unique individual. This
can only be adequately revised by an examination of the type
specimens in the numerous Continental museums, from which
his material was obtained ; the depth of infumation of the
basal cell is, in particular, a weak character.

The only species, except perhaps a few described by the
earliest authors which I have been unable to identify; that

10 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

has baffled every effort at systematic position is that published
in a list of insects acquired through purchase by the Naples
Museum. Neither sex nor locality is indicated, and its
very novelty is queried : —

Joppa undatipennis, Costa.
Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli n, 1864, p. 70.

" Joppa flava, vertice fusco, abdominis segmenti secundi et
tertii linea transversa baseos, ac quarto cum sequentibus
nigris ; femorum omnium et tibiarum anteriorum dorso,
tibiis posticis tarsisque posterioribus nigris ; alis fusco-
fuliginosis, areis dilutioribus subvitreis variegatis. Long
mill 14."

It is certainly inadequately described ; and the generic
name is, of course, employed in the broad Fabrician sense.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(16) 1. Wings evenly infumate throughout, at most with paler spots.

(3) 2. Abdomen entirely black; thorax and legs black and red.

1. thoracica, Brulle.*
(2) 3. Abdomen at least partly red or flavidous.

(5) 4. Scutellum and fourth segment not aciculate.

2. fuscipennis, Szepl.

(4) 5. Scutellum and fourth segment aciculate.

(11) 6. Mesonotum, with third and fourth segments, black.

(10) 7. Metanotal area subdistinct ; fourth segment basally aciculate.

(9) 8. Thorax entirely pale throughout. 3. paraguayemis, Szepl.

(8) 9. Mesothorax somewhat broadly black-marked.

4. fenestrate/,, Kriech.

(7) 10. Metanotal areae wanting ; fourth segment entirely aciculate.

5. bicolor, Szepl.

(6) 11. Mesonotum fulvous ; third or fourth segments flavous.

(13) 12. Hind tibiae entirely black throughout. 6. mellea, Kriech.

(12) 13. Hind tibiae for the most part flavous.

(15) 14. Fourth segment black ; wings hyaline before apices.

7. ftiscata, Kriech.

(14) 15. Fourth segment mainly flavous; wings not hyaline before

apices. 8. fumipermis, Cress.

(1) 16. Wings mainly pale, with at least apical margin infumate.

* It should be noted that the types of Brulle's species, described
in Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. (of which we are concerned only with Vol. IV.,
1846) are in the Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, as I am most
kindly informed by M. Jules de Gaulle.

JOPPIDES. 11

(104) 17. Wings with the apical margin not alone infumate.
(69) 18. Wings extensively infumate, at least longitudinally, between

base and apical margin ; but neither spotted nor banded.
(62) 19. Discal alar intumescence nearly or quite confined to the

basal cell.
(41) 20. Basal or upper basal cell infumate nearly throughout.

(26) 21. Abdomen deep, fiery red and black.
(25) 22. Hind femora entirely red throughout.

(24) 23. Third entirely, and base of fourth, segments red.

9. braunsi, Kriech.

(23) 24. Two basal, and sides of the following, segments alone pale.

10. peruana, Szepl.

(22) 25. Hind femora and whole of fourth segment black.

11. burmeisteri, Kriech.

(21) 26. Abdomen flavidous or fulvous, and black.

(30) 27. Thorax entirely black throughout.

(29) 28. Humeral flaps large ; third segment and at least part of
hind coxae black. 12. laminata, Kriech.

(28) 29. Humeral flaps small or wanting ; hind coxae and base of
third segment flavous. 13. mesoxantha, Kriech.

(27) 30. Thorax at least partly flavidous or fulvous.

(38) 31. Mesonotum entirely black throughout.

(33) 32. Basal cell pale, with an externally attenuate dark streak.

14. macidicoxis, Kriech.
(32) 33. Basal cell infumate with at most the costal nervure pale.

(35) 34. Apical nigrescence of the subhyaline wings remote from

areolet. 15. antennator, Fab.

(34) 35. Apical nigrescence of the infumate wings extending close

to areolet.
(37) 36. Metathorax basally deep black ; length 13 mm.

16. dimidiata, Brulle.

(36) 37. Metathorax entirely flavous ; length 17 mm.

17. nigriceps, Cam.

(31) 38. Mesonotum fulvous, sometimes with indistinct dark streaks.

(40) 39. Stramineous, with scutellum and metanotum concolorous.

18. ornata, Brulle.

(39) 40. Fulvous, with scutellum and metanotum black -lined.

19. didymoneura, Kriech.

(20) 41. Basal cell with only an infumate line or streak at costal

margin.
(57) 42. Front and hind wings centrally infumate.

(44) 43. Abdomen nearly entirely black above, not basally pale.

20. hypoxantha, Kriech.

(43) 44. Abdomen mainly red or flavidous at its base.

(52) 45. Mesonotum entirely black throughout.

(47) 46. Metanotum with an emarginate basal black mark.

21. vespertilio, Kriech.

12 ICHNETJMOlSriDAE.

(46) 47. Metanotum entirely flavidous throughout.

(49) 48. Scutellum black, with no pale markings.

Third segment entirely flavous. 22. modesta, Smith.

Third segment always basally black.

var. of variabilis, Kriech.

(48) 49. Scutellum flavidous or fulvous.

(51) 50. Third segment flavous; scutellum strongly convex.

23. pidvinata, Kriech.

(50) 51. Third segment with central basal dark streaks.

24. unistriolata, Kriech.

(45) 52. Mesonotum flavous or fulvous, at most with infuscate vittae.

(54) 53. Hind coxae entirely black throughout.

25. nigricoxis, Kriech.

(53) 54. Hind coxae fulvous, at least above.

(56) 55. Intumescence of basal cell broad ; hind coxae fulvous.

26. lindigii, Kriech.

(55) 56. Intumescence of basal cell narrow ; hind coxae dark below.

27. parvula, Kriech.

(42) 57. Front wings hyaline, with only their apex and part of basal
cell infumate.

(59) 58. Hind legs red to femoral centre ; central segments black-

marked. 28. mactdigera, Kriech.

(58) 59. Hind legs mainly black ; second and third segments usually
fulvous.

(61) 60. Second and third segments basally black, latter apically
concolorous. 29. bilimeki, Kriech.

(60) 61. Three basal segments entirely fulvous throughout.

30. beskei, Kriech.

(19) 62. Discal alar infumescence covering basal third or forming
irregular spots there.

(66) 63. Basal third of both pairs of wings determinately infumate.

(65) 64. Front wings with distinct pale basal streaks.

31. radians, Kriech.

(64) 65. Front wings with no pale basal streaks.

Abdomen with no distinct longitudinal aciculation.

32. hilaris, Smith.
Abdomen distinctly aeiculate. 22. modesta, Smith.

(63) 66. Base of wings but slightly and irregularly infumate.

(68) 67. Base of third segment, and the scutellum, black-marked.

33. noctilio, Kriech.

(67) 68. Segments two to four black-marked ; scutellum unicolorous.

34. fumibasis, Kriech.

(18) 69. Wings with infumate bands or marks between base and
apical margin, which rarely extend beyond outer half
of basal cell.

(91) 70. All the wings with infumate discal bands or marks.

(72) 71. Abdomen black, with two basal segments alone partly red.

35. fijliginosa, Kriech.

JOPPIDES. 13

(71) 72. Abdomen with three basal segments at least mainly pale.

(74) 73. Mesonotum black-trivittate, the lateral basally coalescent.

36. sumichrasti, Cress.
(73) 74. Species not so coloured.

(82) 75. Mesonotum and at least part of scutellum black.

(77) 76. Two basal segments entirely flavous. 37. genicidata, Cam.

(76) 77. Three basal segments flavous, the second always black-
marked.

(79) 78. All the wings infumate-banded. 38. chiriquensis, Cam.

{78) 79. All the wings infumate-spotted.

(81) 80. Scutellum discally and vertex black ; second segment black-
marked. 38a. melanaspis, Kriech.

(80) 81. Scutellum and vertex pale, black-lined ; second segment

immaculate. 39. strigidifera, Kriech.

(75) 82. Mesonotum fulvous, sometimes with darker vittae.

(86) 83. All the wings infumate-banded.

(85) 84. Segments two and three with large black basal mark.

40. biplagiata, Kriech.

(84) 85. Segments two and three at most with a central basal streak.

41. nominator, Fab.
{83) 86. All the wings infumate-spotted.

(88) 87. Segments two and three with irregular black spots.

42. atropos, Kriech.

(87) 88. Segments two and three marked only in the centre of their

base.

(90) 89. Intumescence of front wing rising near areolet ; stigma red.

43. bisignata, Kriech.

(89) 90. Intumescence of front wings remote from areolet; stigma

black. 44. venezuelana, Kriech.

(70) 91. Only the front wings with infumate discal spot.

(95) 92. Intumescence subtriangular or axe-shaped, with handle in
basal cell.

(94) 93. Three basal segments flavous ; third basally black-spotted.

45. cinctipes, Kriech.

(93) 94. Two basal segments flavous ; basal angles or margin of
third often concolorous.
Whole outer margin of hind tibiae black.

geniculata, var. securigera, Kriech.
Hind tibiae clear flavous. geniculata, var. xantkostoma, Cam.

(92) 95. Alar spot entirely free, with no handle.

(101) 96. Front wing spot extending from the basal into some other cell.

(98) 97. Thorax and scutellum fulvous, at most with mesonotal

vittae. 46. triangulifera, Kriech.

(97) 98. Mesonotum and scutellum discally black.
(100) 99. Metanotum and basal segment immaculate flavous.

47. discophora, Kriech.

(99) 100. Metanotum and basal segment black-spotted.

48. basinotata, Kriech.

14 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(96
(103

(102

(17

(142
(123
(116
(109

(108
(111

(110

(115

(114

(113

(112

(107
(120
(119

(118

(117

(122

(121
(106
(131
(128
(127

(126

(125

(130

101. Front wing spot confined to the basal cell.

102. Metanotum basally black-marked ; wing spot large.

49. winthemi, Kriech*

103. Metanotum entirely pale ; wing spot very small.

50. binotulata, Kriech.

104. Wings hyaline or flavescent, with apical margin alone

infumate.

105. Mesonotum mainly or entirely infuscate or black.

106. Metanotum more or less broadly black-marked.

107. Metanotum with no didymate black spots.

108. Abdomen black from fifth segment ; stigma not con-

colorous. 51. surinamensis, Kriech.

109. Abdomen black from fourth segment ; stigma concolorous.

110. Head posteriorly strongly explanate ; metanotum convex.

52. zonata, Szepl.

111. Head not posteriorly strongly explanate ; metanotum

normal.

112. Hind femora apically, metanotum with one large spot,

black.

113. Scutellum normal ; humeral cell of hind wing hyaline.

53. auripennis, Brulle.

114. Scutellum strongly conical; humeral cell infumate.

54. marginalia, Szepl.

115. Hind femora except base, and five metathoracic spots,

black. 55. melanosticta, Kriech.

116. Metanotum with obviously didymate spots.

117. Metanotum with but two large, oblique, basal black marks.

118. Central mesonotal sulcus broad ; scutellum transversely

black-marked. 56. dorsata, Fab.

119. Central mesonotal sulcus wanting; scutellum longi-

tudinally black-marked. 57. siniiata, Szepl.

120. Metanotum with two basal, and beyond them two larger,

black marks.

121. Humeral cell of hind wings hyaline.

58. dorsosignata, Kriech.

122. Humeral cell of hind wing infumate. 59. parva, Szepl.

123. Metanotum with no black marks.

124. Third segment mainly or entirely flavous.

125. Second segment flavous, third with basal black line.

126. Hind knees not dark, their tibiae apically black.

60. xanthostigma, Cam.

127. Hind knees black, their tibiae not apically dark.

61. variabilis, Kriech.

128. Second segment basally black-marked, third often with

two triangles.

129. Scutellum laterally carinate and pale-marked.

62. mclanostigma, Cam.

JOPPIDES. 15

(129) 130. Scutellum simple, apically pale-marked.

63. brasiliensis, Szepl.

(124) 131. Third segment not mainly flavous.

(135) 132. Two first segments flavous with one basal mark; stigma

flavidous.

(134) 133. Scutellum nearly smooth. 64. larvata, Kriech.

(133) 134. Scutellum strongly aciculate. 65. boliviensis, Szepl.

(132) 135. Two first segments flavous, or second basally dark ;
stigma black.

(139) 136. Wings basally flavescent ; hind knees and tibial streak

black.

(138) 137. Scutellum subdeplanate and discally aciculate.

66. xanthomelaena, Kriech.

(137) 138. Scutellum convex, margined and subglabrous.

67. similis, Szepl.

(136) 139. Wings not at all flavescent.

(141) 140. Third segment laterally and basally flavous.

68. dromedarius, Kriech.

(140) 141. Third segment black, its basal angles at most flavous.

69. linearis, Kriech.

(105) 142. Mesonotum red or fulvous, sometimes slightly black-
marked.

(192) 143. Fourth segment not at all aciculate.

(155) 144. Mesonotum very distinctly black-marked.

(146) 145. Abdomen black, with three basal segments black-marked.

70. furcifera, Kriech.
(145) 146. Abdomen for the most part red, with black markings.

(152) 147. Abdomen apically black from centre of fourth segment.

(149) 148. Head nearly twice as broad as long ; notauli apical.

71. nigronotata, Kriech.

(148) 149. Head of normal breadth; notauli distinctly elongate.

(151) 150. Scutellum subconvex ; mesonotal spots black.

72. setosa, Szepl.

(150) 151. Scutellum deplanate ; mesonotum entirely black.

73. minor, Szepl.

(147) 152. Apical segments narrowly red-margined.

(154) 153. Mesonotum with a single cordiform black mark.

74. nigrofasciata, Kriech.

(153) 154. Mesonotum trivittate, central vitta bifurcate.

75. furcida, Kriech.
(144) 155. Mesonotum not or but very indistinctly black-marked.
(161) 156. Abdomen black, not at all basally pale.

(160) 157. Hind legs with no trace of white markings.

(159) 158. Hind legs nearly entirely black throughout.

76. brunnii, Kriech.
(158) 159. Hind egs black with coxae and femora testaceous.

77. stigmatica, sp. n.

16 ICHNEUMONIDAK

(157) 160. Hind legs black with tibiae and tarsi mainly white.

78. albipes, Kriech.

(156) 161. Abdomen basally flavidous or rufescent.

(165) 162. Hind tibiae black, at most indistinctly pale-banded.

(164) 163. Face entirely, and two basal segments at least mainly,
flavous. 79. varians, Kriech.

(163) 164. Head nearly entirely black ; two basal segments all red.

80. mesopyrrha, Kriech.

(162) 165. Hind tibiae mainly or entirely fulvidous or whitish.

(171) 166. Third segment black, at most with basal angles pale.

(168) 167. Alar intumescence extending into discocubital cell; head

black. 81. melanocephala, Cam.

(167) 168. Alar inf umescence not ext ending beyond areolet ; clypeus
fulvidous.

(170) 169. Basal segment subsulcate ; face fulvidous.

82. carinifrons, Kriech.

(169) 170. Basal segment strongly excavate ; face black.

83. extremis, sp. n.

(166) 171. Third segment mainly or entirely flavous or fulvous.

(185) 172. Abdomen distinctly fulvous.

(180) 173. Second segment immaculate ; anus entirely black.

(179) 174. Scutellum normal; upper basal nervure subpostfurcal.

(178) 175. Meso- and meta-thorax black-vittate.

(177) 176. Areolet not pentagonal nor metanotum punctate.

84. svbvittata, Kriech.

(176) 177. Areolet pentagonal and metanotum punctate.

85. affinis, Szepl.

(175) 178. Meso- and meta-thorax entirely fulvous.

86. distingnens, sp. n.

(174) 179. Scutellum subpyramidal ; upper basal nervure stronglv
postfurcal. 87. major, Szepl.

(173) 180. Second segment distinctly black -marked.

(182) 181. Second and third segments with one punctiform mark.

88. bimacuJato, Spin.

(181) 182. Second segment without one punctiform mark.

(184) 183. Stigma flavous ; second segment with one transverse mark.

89. limbata, Kriech.

(183) 184. Stigma fulvous; second segment with two small marks.

90. geminata, Kriech.

(172) 185. Abdomen pale stramineous, hardly at all fulvescent.

(187) 186. Second and third segments with didymate markings.

91. quadrilineolata, Kriech.

(186) 187. Second and third segments with no didymate markings.

(189) 188. Second segment with short transverse basal streak.

92. moritzi, Kriech.

(188) 189. Second and third, or only latter, segments with a basal

longitudinal streak.

jori'iDEs. 17

(191) 190. Segments four to six with fulvous apical margin.

93. verticalis, Fab.

(190) 191. Segment four alone with flavous apical margin.

94. aurita, Kriech.

(143) 192. Fourth segment, like the preceding, aciculate at least
to its centre.

(196) 193. Mesonotum with only a black basal mark.

(195) 194. Abdomen with marks on all segments, and scutellar
streaks, black. 95. ornata, Brulle.

(194) 195. Abdomen with only sixth segment, centre and apex of
scutellum, black. 96. auronitens, Kriech.

(193) 196. Mesonotum fulvous, sometimes with infuscate vittae.

(200) 197. Metanotum basally black-banded, as are all the segments.

(199) 198. Scutellum discally, and fourth segment basally, aciculate.

97. setigera, Kriech.

(198) 199. Scutellum at most apically, and fourth segment to
beyond its centre, aciculate. 98. elegans, Szepl.

(197) 200. Metanotum immaculate fulvous.

(202) 201. Second segment with no black markings at all.

99. eleganlula, Cress.

(201) 202. Second flavous, with two black marks; head fulvous.

100. quadrinotata, Kriech.

I. Joppa thoracica, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 276.

This conspicuous species is said to be a comparatively
common insect in Brazil, whence are two males in the British
Museum. A single female (ex coll. Cameron, from ? British
C4uiana) has the head entirely dark red. The males are
very old specimens and bear no data ; they were correctly
named about 1860 by Frederick Smith, in whose collection
are several more Brazilian specimens.

6. Joppa mellea, Kriech.

Microjoppa mellea, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 42, $ $,
pi. i, fig. 11.

8. Joppa fumipennis, Cress.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 32, $ $.

There is no doubt in my mind that J. mellea is a mere
colour variety of this species ; I allow it to stand above
purely for convenience in the Table of Species. Cresson
knew four Mexican examples from Orizaba and it also occurs
in Venezuela. Many forms intermediate between the typical

18 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

one and J. mellea are comprised among the thirty specimens
captured by Herbert Smith at Teapa in Tabasco during
February and March, at Atoyac and Fortin in Vera Cruz
during April and May, though the only example with black
fourth segment and hind tibiae combined that I have seen
was taken by Josef Steinbach in Boh via during 1904 ;
M. Salle found the species at Orizaba and G. C. Champion
at Panima in Vera Paz ; it is probably common in Central
America and may instantly be known in the present genus
by its unicolorous infumate wings, with the whole thorax
and three or four basal segments flavidous-fulvous. The
upper basal cell is the darkest.

9. Joppa braunsi, Kriech.

Microjoppa braunsii, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 46, <J 2.

A single pair only of this species from Santos in Brazil
was hitherto known ; it is brilliant and glittering, black
and fiery red, and is the only species with hind femora red
and basal cell infumate. A single female in the British
Museum was captured on 1st March, 1912, by Mr. G. E.
Bryant in Brazil.

11. Joppa burmeisteri, Kriech.
Microjoppa burmeisteri, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 47, 2.

The second-known specimen, also a female, of this Brazilian
species, closely allied to J. laminata and J. nigriceps, though
at once known by its rufescent coloration, was presented
to the British Museum by A. Fry from Rio de Janeiro in 1857.

12. Joppa laminata, Kriech.
Microjoppa laminata, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 8, <J 2.

A single Brazilian pair in the British Museum, the male
alone with the metathoracic apex pale. A small male of
hardly 15 mm. in my own collection has the hind tibiae
black with a pale band, and is probably no more than a
form of J. geniculate, Cam., with the alar nigrescence confined
to the upper basal cell and the flavous colouring of the hind
tibiae confined to a central band.

I3- J°PPa mesoxantha, Kriech.

mesoxantha, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1
pi. i, fig. 9, ?.

Recorded by Szepligeti from Minas Gerraes in Brazil.

Microjoppa mesoxantha, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 50,
pi. i, fig. 9, ?.

JOPPIDES. 19

14. Joppa maculicoxis, Kriech.

Microjoppa maculicoxis, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 54,
pi. i, figg. 8 et 8a, <$ ?.

15- Joppa antennator, Fab.

Ichneumon antennator, Fab. Mant. Ins. t, 1787, p. 265 ; Joppa

antennata, Fab. Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 122 ; Microjoppa antennata,

Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 53 ; M. basimacula, Cam. Journ.

R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1911, p. 157, ?.

The early authors knew it from Cayenne ; Brulle from
Guiana and Para in Brazil, adding a form with discally black
hind coxae and infuscate-marked second segment ; Kriech-
baumer examined material from Bahia in Brazil, Surinam,
Bolivia and Bogota in Colombia ; the Hungarian Museum
has it from Surinam, Brazil and Peru ; but it seems an
uncommon species. The British Museum possesses a dozen
examples from Para (Edward Newman), Ega and elsewhere
on the Amazon (H. W. Bates), Guiana (Cameron Coll.) and
Ecuador in 1899 (Rosenberg). These differ to a considerable
extent, notably in the density of the basal alar infumescence
which is no more than the slightest darkening in two examples
and pale brunneous in a third ; the scutellum may be black
or, usually, entirely fulvidous ; the hind coxae fulvous or
nearly totally black ; the hind femora, usually half -black,
may have only the extreme base pale or be pale throughout
fas in the rough but very passable coloured figure of a female
in Rev. W. F. Hope's collection from South America, drawn
by West-wood on plate xxvi. of Jardine's Naturalists Library,
vol. i., 1840, referred to at lib. tit., p. 315) ; and the fourth
segment, usually black, sometimes has its apical margin
conspicuously pale. The usual size is, as Brulle says, 15 mm.,
but the two females from Ecuador are only 13 mm. in length
and much paler, though sufficiently typical in all other
respects. M. basimacula * Cam., is a form of the present
species with the anterior femora and base of the second
segment black-marked ; its whole structure, size, etc., are
identical. Cameron was misled into considering it new by
the subhyaline basal cell, referred to above.

* Peter Cameron not infrequently displayed lack of uniformity
between the published name of his supposedly new species and that
attached by him to the type specimen : thus the type of Micro-
joppa basimacula is labelled by him " Microjoppa macrospila, Cam.,
type." — CM.

c2

20 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

16. Joppa dimidiata, Brulle.

Joppa dimidiata, Brull6, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846,
p. 271, <J.

No one has referred to this species since first described ;
Kriechbaumer did not know it and wished to place it in the
section with alar infumescence purely apical, though Brulle
distinctly says " la cellule brachiale [i.e. basal cell] est presque
entierement brun." I am sure Frederick Smith has correctly
named a pair in the British Museum, with the whole upper
and to a less extent the lower basal cells infumate and the
apical alar infumation approaching closely to the stigma ;
one probably came from Bates and the female, which lacks
the single black marks on second and third segments, was
acquired about 1839 through Mr. Mornay from Brazil.
It is a much more slender insect than J. antennator, with the
metanotal areae better defined, less punctate and black to
apex of the areola ; nothing described by Kriechbaumer
resembles it. Brulle knew the male from the province of
Goyaz in Brazil.

17. Joppa nigriceps, Cam.

Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. 1, p. 197, pi. ix, fig. 5, $ ;
J. rogersi, Cam., lib. cit. p. 198, $.

The types of both Cameron's names and two co-types of
the former in the British Museum are all females with
conically acuminate scutellum from Chiriqui at 2-3,000 ft.
and Sabo in Vera Paz ; the central alar infumescence varies
somewhat in density. It would be ridiculous to retain
J. rogersi as a good species ; a single female, taken bj^ Rogers
at Irazu, alone is known and this differs solely in its centrally
subdeplanate scutellum and the rather more distinct
metanotal carinae.

18. Joppa ornata, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 272, $ ; var. Microjoppa
diploneura, Kriech. 1898, p. 84, $.

No attempt has hitherto been made to synonymise the
South American Joppa auraia, Fab. (Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 121),
but I am strongly of opinion that Smith was correct in
ascribing a couple of females, found by Bates at Para, to
that species ; these obviously represent Brulle's description
from which they differ only in their lack of a longitudinal
band on their immaculate scutellum. Fabricius' " Caput

JOPPIDES. 21

pallidum, vertice atris. . . . Abdomen aureum segmento
secundo lunula baseos punctisque duobus nigris, tertio
quartoque lunula baseos atra, reliquis totis nigris. . . .
Pedes flavi tibiis tarsisque posticis atris " are very charac-
teristic ; though his " Thorax subscutello punctis duobus
minutis, approximatis, nigris " reminds one rather of
J. dorsata, Fab., for here, as Brulle says, the base of the
metathorax is marked by a black streak. .Brulle described
his female from Cayenne, where Lacordaire subsequently
found the male. The crescentic mark at the base of the
second segment is extremely variable, its apex on either
side being not infrequently interrupted and so forming a
free spot and the latter, as well as the lateral prolongations,
are often wanting, so that the basal transverse streak alone
is present; the basal streak of the third is also, rarely,
produced apically at both its extremities ; the scutellar
fovea is frequently, and the metathorax usually, immaculate ;
and, in one only of the examples taken by Bates at Para,
Ega, San Paulo, is the scutellum black-streaked. The form
with (in one case) the upper basal cell alone infumate or
(in one other) the whole wing dark with its disc indefinitely
paler is certainly Joppa diploneura Kriech., of which he
knew but one female in the Berlin Museum from Puerto
Cabello in Venezuela ; I possess the species from the West
Indies. It is best recognised by its aciculate fourth segment,
discaUy black-lined femora and black hind tibiae, its deplanate
and semi-lunate areola, and strongly striate scutellum.
Another fine female is in mus. Janson, recently captured at
Kingston in Demerara.

21. Joppa vespertilio, Kriech.

Microjoppa vespertilio, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 59,
pi. i, fig. 6, S-

22. Joppa modesta, Smith.

Joppa modesta, Smith, Descrip. New Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 233, <J ;
J. maculicornis, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. i, p. 196, <J.

The type, from Cache in Costa Rica, differs from all the
other examples I have seen in having the stigma black and
the basal cell totally subnigrescent, whereas it is usually
deeply nigrescent only to near the fork whence the nigrescence
becomes truncate to the costa, leaving the apex of the cell
hyaline, with flavous stigma. Two pairs, taken by Champion
at Bugaba, San Geronimo and at 2-3,000 ft. on the Volcan
de Chiriqui were named ./. modesta by Cameron, who professes

22 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(B.C.A., p. 198) ignorance of the species. It is a conspicuous
insect in having nigrescent the base and apex, as far as the
areolet ; and variable in the extent (when present) of the
apical hind femoral black, immaculate or basally black-
binotate or black-banded metanotum ; and in one male,
only, the hind tibiae are (like those of J. hilaris) broadly
black apically. Besides the above localities, it was taken
by Herbert Smith at Teapa in Tabasco during February
and March, and at Atoyac in May. Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym.,
p. 1036) has supposed Kriechbaumer (Nachr. Ent. 1898,
p. 29) to have referred, under the name " Tetragonochora
mamlicollis, Cam." to Joppa maculicomis, Cam., Ent. Mo.
Mag. 1884, p. 105 ; but the latter writer obviously referred
to J. maculicollis, Cam., B.C.A., p. 200.

31. Joppa radians, Kriech.

Microjoppa radians, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 66,
pi. i, fig. 7, $.

32. Joppa hilaris, Smith.
Descrip. New Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 232, <J.

The male type from Cache in Costa Rica is in the British
Museum and exactly agrees in every way with J. modesta,
Smith, except that the abdomen is, as Cameron (B.C.A., p. 197)
points out, " perfectly smooth, and not in any way striated " ;
no second specimen has yet been found, and I am inclined
to regard this as a variety of Smith's later-described species.

34. Joppa fumibasis, Kriech.
Microjoppa fumibasis, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 68, ?.

The hitherto unknown male of this unique female from
Surinam has been captured in Brazil and is in the British
Museum, ex coll. Frederick Smith. In sculpture it agrees
with the female but differs in having the hind legs dead
black from near the base of the femora, with only a conspicuous
testaceous central tibial band. The wing bases are somewhat
deeply infumate truncately as far as the base of the stigma,
and the disc is by no means hyaline.

36. Joppa sumichrasti, Cress.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 31, <J ?.

Known among the group with discal alar fascia by its
pale-vittate mesonotum. A conspicuous species in long
series but extremely difficult to recognise in mere individuals

JOPPIDES. 23

for the broad fascia enclosing the basal nervure is, as Cresson
says, " often much reduced " to a subcircular spot — as in
the figure Biol. Centr.-Amer. pi. ix, fig. 7, <$ — in the centre
of the wing (or in one male from Atoyac it is almost utterly
lacking, being represented by a slight infumation on the
inner side of the basal nervure), lacking which it differs little
from /. dorsata, Fab. The extreme base, and usually also the
apex, of the scutellum are black ; postscutellum not black ;
the didymate metanotal spots appear constant, rarely with
two minute dots between the large ones ; the central basal
mark on the second and third segments are extremely
variable, from utterly wanting and leaving the segments
like the first pure flavidous to bands occupying the basal
half of the first and basal third of the second and third
segments ; the fourth segment is, unusually, pale-marked
discally or laterally ; the legs are flavous with the hind tarsi,
and base of their tibiae narrowly, black. In the British
Museum is a long series of both sexes from Mexico (Salle
coll.), Panima in Vera Cruz and Cerro Zunil in Guatemala
(Champion), which were known to Cameron ; from Mexico
(Cuming), Tabasco in February, Guerrero in October at
2,800 feet, and at Vera Cruz in May (H. H. Smith).

38. Joppa chiriquensis, Cam.
Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. p. 199, $.

Kriechbaumer did not know this species and its author
had only seen the female type, from 2,500-4,000 feet on
the Volcan de Chiriqui in Panama ; though no reference
is made to its sex. I find nothing but the immaculate black
mesonotal disc to distinguish it from J. stimichrasti, and
strongly suspect them of synonymy ; for the black stigma
emphasised loc. cit. p. 200, becomes basally pale in one male
captured by Smith at Teapa in Tabasco during March, and
totally ochreous in another of the same sex (mixed by
Cameron with the above species) captured with the type by
Champion on Chiriqui ; from the female these differ only
sexually.

37. Joppa geniculata, Cam.

Ent. Mo. Mag. xxi, 1884, p. 105, supra, o $ ; J. xanthostoma, Cam.,

loc. cit. infra, $ $ ; var. Microjoppa securigera, Kriech., Berl. Ent.

Zeit. 1898, p. 74, <y 9.

Cameron's diagnoses are not comparable ; in the Biologia
Centr.-Amer., p. 199, he says of the latter, " a stouter insect
than J. geniculata, and readily known from it by the absence

24 ICHXEUMONIDAE.

of black from the metathorax, and of a black fascia in the
hind wings." Cameron knew six specimens, of which two
were males, and the female type J. geniculata from Panima
in Vera Paz, has the hind tibiae externally black-lined
almost throughout (though this peculiarity, to which the
form securigera is referable, was not noticed by Cameron
and is not apparent in two of the three co-types from
Cubilguitz and Cahabon in Vera Paz, and the Volcan de
Chiriqui at 2-3,000 feet) ; the female type of J. xanthostoma,
from Cache in Costa Rica, differs from the above solely in
its totally flavous metathorax and in the simple nervellus
(the infumation of which in J. geniculata caused Kriechbaumer
to separate the two forms somewhat widely), but in his
co-type this feature is associated with dead black metanotum,
though varying in extent in every specimen, and cannot
I think be considered as constant ; two more females were
subsequently found by Schumann and Smith at Atoyac in
Vera Cruz during May.

39. Joppa strigulifera, Kriech.

Microjoppa strigulifera, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 7a,
pi. i, fig. 4, $.

41. Joppa nominator, Fab. {See Plate.)

Ichneumon nominator, Fab., Mant. Ins. 1, 1787, p. 265 ; Ent. Syst. n,

1793, p. 158 ; Joppa fasciata, Fab., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 122 ;

J. fasciipennis, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 275 ;

Microjoppa fasciata, Kriech., 1898, p. 77, c? $•

Though the diagnoses of Fabricius' two names differ
slightly and he himself erected a new name in 1804 in place
of his earlier nominator for no apparent reason, all his three
descriptions have " alis fascia apiceque nigris. Habitat
Cayennae. Dom. von Rohr." ; and the synonymy cannot
be doubted. Of a pair in the British Museum, the <$ is old
and unlabelled, and the $ was captured in British Guiana
by J. Rod way in 1908. There are two fresh females from
the same locality in mus. Janson ; and I possess another
labelled " West Indies." All have slight black central
marks at base of second and third segments.

51. Joppa surinamensis, Kriech.

Microjoppa surinamensis, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 94, pi. i,

fig. 2, $. (?) M. flavipennis, Sz6pl., Term. Fiiz. 1900, p. 280, $

(nee Brulle).

I have little doubt that, if Szepligetfs species be considered
sufficiently described to stand at all, it will prove synonymous

JOPPIDES.

25

with Kriechbaumer's. The type, a damaged female from
Surinam, has hitherto remained unique ; but in 1908 Mr.
J. Rodway presented a second female to the British Museum
from British Guiana, along with J. varians.

53' Joppa auripennis, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. IV, 1846, p. 271, $ ; Microjoppa polyxantha,

Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 89, <$ $ ; M. flavinerva, Cam.,

Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1911, p. 157, 6* $.

There can be little doubt respecting the synonymy of the
two first names, though it is of small value, for I am con-
vinced that the whole group of species to which this insect
belongs will prove but colour forms of Joppa dorsata, Fab.,
between which and Cameron's female type and male co-type
are slight colour distinctions upon the metanotum and
abdomen : the structure is identical. A. W. Bartlett sent
another male from British Guiana in 1910. The species
was first found in Guiana, which circumstance doubtless
deterred Kriechbaumer from recognising it when he described
the material from Brazil, whence I have seen a male
captured by Bates about 1860, differing in no way from
M . flavinerva. Szepligeti records «/. pplyxantha ex Brazil.

56. Joppa dorsata, Fab.

Type of the genus.*

Joppa dorsata, Fab., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 120, £ ? ; Blanchard, Hist.

Nat. Ins. in, 1840, p. 327. Microjoppa aureomarginata, Kriech., Berl.

Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 91, <J.

The following is a translation of Fabricius' description of
this insect, and I think no doubt can be entertained that it
is synonymous with the male of Kriechbaumer, who was
unable to do more than suggest its probable position in his
genus Microjoppa.

Flavous with the antennae, thoracic disc, and base of the
abdominal segments black. Head flavous, with the vertex
black and two small impressed frontal foveae. "Os maxillis
palpisque absque lingua " ; clypeus short, corneous, rotundate
and entire ; palpi four, porrect, unequal, filiform with the
maxillary the longer and six-jointed, with the first joint
short, the third axe-shaped and remainder subequal in

* Henry L. Viereck (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1914, p. 79) gives this
species as type of the genus, " By designation of Ashmead, Proc.
TJ.S. Nat. Mus. vol. 23, 1900, p. 13 " ; but Ashmead simply copied
Kriechbaumer who had already " fixed " it as type of the genus
n Berl. Ent. Zeit, 1898.

26 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

length, and the basal subacute, adhering to disc of maxillae :
labial palpi short, filiform and four-jointed with the joints
subequal. rising from the outer apex of the labium ; mandibles
short, corneous, broad, curved and broadly emarginate ;
maxillae short and membranaceous, centrally unidentate,
apically curved and entire ; labium short, membranaceous,
compressed, apically incrassate, truncate and subemarginate.
Antennae black, setaceous and multiarticulate, with scape
stouter and incurved ; flagellar joints of equal length, the
subapical ones compressed and awl-shaped ; in $ (sic)
flagellar joints serrate. Thorax flavous, discally black with
two black dots below the scutellum. Abdomen petiolate
with the first and second segments golden, bearing a large
dorsal black mark ; remaining segments black with their
apical margin flavous. Legs ferrugineous. Wings flavescent,
apically infumate. Length not indicated. Conformation
very like Ichneumon, but quite distinct. South America,
by Smidt, in Mus. Dom. Lund.

I have examined a single female in the British Museum
which represents all the essential characters ascribed to
this species by both authors ; the anterior legs are, unlike
Kriechbaumer's, immaculate and the first segment seems to
have been overlooked by Fabricius, for it is the second
and third which bear a large dorsal black mark and the
black remainder have their apices flavidous ; Fabricius
was not a very careful describer and is not likely to have
noticed the tarsi as black, though the didymate metanotal
spots leave little doubt respecting the identity of his species
with J. atireowarginata. The <$ coloration appears incon-
stant : two males 1 have seen have only the hind tarsi
and apices of their femora black ; the scutellar striga is
apparent in both, though only one bears traces of didymate
metanotal marks, and the same individual has the centre
of the first, centre of the base of the second and whole basal
half of the third segment black, while in the other nearly
the basal half (except laterally) of all the segments except
the first are black ; in both sexes the scutellum is evenly
convex, discally substrigose and laterally margined to beyond
its centre ; the narrow alar apical intumescence is constant,
being obsolete at the lower angle of both pairs of wings.

58. Joppa dorsosignata, Kriech.

M icrojoppa dorsosignata, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 93, $.

A single female from Rio de Janeiro alone is known of
the type form ; and the British Museum possesses a second,

JOPPIDES. 27

labelled by Frederick Smith " Auripennis, Brulle, Brazil " ;
and, indeed, the distinction is hardly specific, though sufficient
for tabular purposes.

60. Joppa xanthostigma, Gam.
Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. 1, p. 196, <J.

Kriechbaumer does not refer to this species and I can
hardly believe it to be distinct from J. variabilis, which is
said to have the stigma wholly infuscate, flavous or " intus
pallido." The tj'pe, in the British Museum, was captured
by H. Rogers at Cache in Costa Rica and is a <$. Cameron's
incorrect assertion that the abdomen is not longitudinally
striate has probably caused much confusion ; it is as strongly
acicmlate to centre of fourth segment as, though far more
setiferous than, in the next species (mdanostigma). A female
acquired from Ecuador through Rosenberg in 1899 has a
black dot at base of the second and third segments, but
otherwise agrees perfectly with the male.

61. Joppa variabilis, Kriech.

Microjoppa variabilis, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 95, $ ;
M. scutellaris, SzepL, Term. Fiiz. 1900, p. 279, $.

Kriechbaumer only knew the male ; I have seen but a
single female, considered by Cameron a co-type of the next
species, and differing from it to but a slight extent in its
immaculate fourth segment and pale apices of hind tibiae,
in the black base of the latter and apices of their femora,
in its pale sternum and lack of abdominal setae ; but
especially in having all the wing nervures black, whereas
in J. xanthostigma they are pale throughout the hyaline area.
The four known males in the Berlin Museum are from Bogota ;
this female was captured by Champion on the Volcan de
Chiriqui at 2,500-4,000 ft. (as given under J. mdanostigma
in B.C. A., p. 195) ; and I can trace no distinctive point in
Szepligeti's description from Brazil.

62. Joppa melanostigma, Cam.

Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. 1, p. 195, £ ; Microjoppa dentipes,
Cam., Entom. 1907, p. 269, <J.

The female type, in the British Museum, has the lateral
scutellar carinae entire to near apex with their basal half
flavidous ; in J. dentipes, from Trinidad, they, as well as
the scutellar apex, are entirely flavidous. Though said by

28 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

its author to be " allied to M . geniculate, Cam.," the type of
the latter differs from J. melanostigma only in having the
disc of the third segment entirely black in place of flavous
with a large and apically bilobed basal black mark. The
type from Bugaba in Panama alone can be ascribed to the
present species, since I find the co-types recorded from the
Volcan de Chiriqui to be distinct.

69. Joppa linearis, Kriech.
Microjoppa linearis, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 100, <J $.

There is a typographical error in the first line of
Kriechbaumer's account ; for metanotum, read mesonotum.
Only a single pair, found by Dr. Brauns at Santa Cruz, Rio
Grande do Sul in Brazil, is known. The British Museum
has acquired an Ecuador female from Rosenberg, which is
equally remarkably slender in form and differs solely in its
lack of black on the hind knees and the presence of a black
transverse streak at the base of the second segment,
immediately beyond the gastrocaeli.

76. Joppa brunnii, Kriech.
Microjoppa brunnii, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 106, $ $.

Respecting a female in the British Museum, taken in Brazil
about 1840, Adam White has remarked in MS. " a species
allied to J. atrata, Fabr., Syst. Piez., p. 123, No. 7 " ; the
latter is a South American species now utterly lost, differing
from the present in its " thorax niger, immaculatus," etc.
Other females from Smith's collection are labelled Amazon
(Bates), Brazil (Swainson), Brazil (Gray) ; and a recently
acquired specimen is from Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro,
May, 1912 (G. E. Bryant). None of these females are less
than 14 mm. in length and one extends to 16 mm. It is a
conspicuous and very distinct species, only known from
Brazil, whence I also possess it.

77. Joppa stigmatica, sp. n.

This male is closely allied to J. brunnii, though differing in
too many respects to be considered a form of it. The stigma
is black with only its lower margin pale, the disc of the wing
is more transparent and far less fulvescent, the apical
infumate margin extends from the apex only half way to
the areolet and that of the hind wing is weak and purely
apical ; the hind femora except apically and whole coxae are

JOPPIDES. 29

pale, the head (except frons and ocellar region) and sides
of the first abdominal segment are testaceous, and the
thorax much paler red ; structurally it greatly differs in
its very much smaller head, more slender legs and deplanate,
strongly striate scutellum. Length, 14 mm. The unique
$ was captured by Bates on the Amazon and acquired by the
British Museum in 1862.

79. Joppa varians, Kriech.

Microjoppa varians, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 108, <J $.

Half a dozen examples, including one female, are known
from Colombia and Venezuela. Mr. J. Rodway presented
a female and two males to the British Museum in 1908,
which he had recently captured in British Guiana. It
strongly resembles J. ornata in size, colour and sculpture ;
but the fourth segment is not aciculate, the metanotal areola
is triangular and the scutellum subglabrous ; I have seen
none with basally infumate wings.

81. Joppa melanocephala, Cam.

Biologia Centr.-Amer. 1885, Hym. 1, p. 193, ?.

The type and co-type — both females taken by Champion
in Panama on the Volcan de Chiriqui at 2,500-4,000 ft. and
at Bugaba at 800-1,500 ft. — are in the British Museum.
Smith did not find it in Mexico and it seems rather a
neotropical species, since the Munich Museum has acquired
two more females through Staudinger from Chiriqui and
Bolivia. The wings are, as Kriechbaumer has already
indicated (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 16), apically and not
basally nigrescent.

82. Joppa carinifrons, Kriech.

Microjoppa carinifrons, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. Ill, $.

The unique female was supposed to have come from Bahia
in Brazil. A female specimen which is certainly conspecific
in the British Museum was obtained from Frederick Smith's
collection in 1879, from Brazil. Smith had considered it
to be the unknown female of J. verticalis, Fab. (which I do not
know), of which it may well prove to be no more than a
variety. The black occupies the basal third of the second
segment beyond the gastrocaeli and does not extend to its
lateral margins ; the mesonotum is deplanate, with a narrow
central sulcus and deep but short notauli.

30 [< KNEUMONIDAE.

83- joppa extremis, sp. n.

Before seeing that species, I had supposed tins unique
female to be that of J. carinifrons, from which it differs
in the alar infumescence extending to the areolet and its
black face ; the mam distinctions, however, are structural,
for here the mesonotum is uneven with its centre longitudinally
elevated, bearing but a short central sulcus and the lateral
regions depressed and strongly punctate with a longitudinal
elevation in the centre of each ; the metanotum, subglabrous
and evenly rounded in ./. carinifrons, is here tumidulous
and distinctly punctate ; the basal segment, evenly explanate
and striate in that species, is here only striate at its abruptly
depressed centre, on either side strongly explanate before the
apex and there subtuberculiformly elevated ; the two fol-
lowing segments are duller and laterally more acute apically.
with the second but obsoletely black immediately between
the gastrocaeli. Length, 13 mm. The type was acquired
in 1899 through Rosenberg from Ecuador.

84. Joppa subvittata, Kriech.
Microjoppa subvittata, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 113, $.

The unique female is from Santa Cruz in Brazil. Bates
took the same sex on the Amazon and it has stood unnamed
in the British Museum since 1862 ; this example differs
solely in having the third segment and metanotal base
immaculate ; it is somewhat small with a total length of
but 10 mm.

86. Joppa distinguens, sp. n.

A remarkable, shilling, pale red species with only the
vertex, mandibular apices, antennae except underside of
scape, the anus from near base of fourth segment, the hind
tarsi and sometimes hind femoral apices, black ; wings deep
flavescent with the upper basal cell so distinctly deeper in
tint as to render it probable that at times it becomes inf innate,
in which case the species would fall (more naturally than
here) into the Table of Species close to /. braunsi, with which
it has much in common. The legs are unicolorous with the
hind tarsi, and apices of the intermediate ones black. The
scutellum is laterall}' margined, but neither strongly convex
nor very strongly striate longitudinally ; with metathorax
shining. The apices of all the wings alone are infumate
to half the space between them and the irregular areolet.

JOPPIDES. 31

Stigma flavous ; black of the anus with a distinctly cyaneous
reflexion. Length. 15-17 mm. $only. The larger specimen,
from Bolivia in 1904 (G. Steinbach), has the apices of the
hind femora deep black and the third segment immaculate
red ; the smaller, from Brazil in 1839 (Mr. Mornay), has the
femora immaculate red and the third segment black with
only a discal spot and its sides triangularly red.

88. Joppa bimaculata, Spin.

Mem. Accad. Sc. Torino, xni, 1851, p. 37, $ ; Joppa bipunctata,
Szepl., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung, i, 1903, p. 479, 6*-

This species was entirely overlooked by Kriechbaumer
and has not been noticed since first described : —

Head black ; vertex transverse and rectangular ; frons
small and concave ; face and clypeus testaceous with the
former deplanate, subquadrate and apically trifoveate, the
latter transverse and entire ; mandibles testaceous and
remainder of the mouth parts paler. Antennae black and
6 mm. in length. Thorax 2 mm. in breadth between the
wings, immaculate flavo-testaceous, distinctly and piligerously
punctate, with the pile erect and concolorous ; prothorax
small, with its disc concealed ; mesothorax subconvex,
normally elevated and longitudinally bisulcate, the sulci
straight and parallel ; metathorax uniformly convex and
gradually declivous apically. Scutellum elevated and post-
scutellum depressed, both flavo-testaceous. Abdomen
testaceous, with its greatest breadth 1J mm. ; basal segment
shortly petiolate and nitidulous with the postpetiole elevato-
dilated, dull, longitudinally strigose and laterally tuberculate ;
second and third segments similarly dull and strigose with
their apices explanate, flavo-testaceous with a central
punctiform black mark near their base ; the following
segments gradually decreasing in length, smooth, shining and
immaculate black. Legs testaceous. Wings flavescent with
their extreme apices infumate ; upper wings 10 mm. in
length ; areolet irregularly rhomboidal. Length, 10 mm.
One $ only ; Brazil. Of the size and conformation of
Joppa aurata, Fab., but sufficiently distinct in the shorter
antemiae which hardly extend to the anterior margin of
the metathorax, " in medio subserratis ac incrassatis."

Szepligeti's male I consider certainly cospecific : he adds
that in that sex the scutellum is indistinctly punctate and
margined, the dentiparal and su pro medial areae are smooth
and apically incomplete, with petiolar area alutaceous, the
abdominal segments are not strongly discreted, the areolet

32 ICHNEUMON1DAE.

is almost regularly deltoid and the upper basal nervure
slightly postfurcal. Length, 11 mm. Villa Bella in Brazil,
and Marcapata in Peru (in Mus. Hung.).

89. Joppa limbata, Kriech.

Microjoppa limbata, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 113, $ ?.

Known from Santos, Bahia and Santa Cruz. Bates took
a large female of nearly 15 mm. at Ega on the Amazon
differing only in its externally black-lined hind tibiae.

90. Joppa geminata, Kriech.

Microjoppa geminata, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 115, $ -

M. varimacvlata, Cam., Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1911,

p. 158, $ ; M. bimaculata, Cam., I.e. p. 156 (nee Spin.), <J.

A careful examination of the mesonotal structure of both
Cameron's types leaves no dotibt that the}' are synonymous
not only inter se but with J. geminata, with the description
of which M. bimaculata agrees in every way, but the two
crescentic spots of the second segment coalesced. The British
Guiana types are in the British Museum and agree with
another pair there, captured in the same locality in 1908
by J. Rodway ; of these the male had, when first
examined, a remarkably long-legged hexapod Trombidioid
mite attached by its mouth to the junction of the second
and third segments, and little doubt can be entertained
that it had been related, in some way like Stylops, to its host.

97. Joppa setigera, Kriech.
Microjoppa setigera, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 120, <$ $.

Three Brazilian specimens, of which a pair is from Rio,
are known. The British Museum possesses a single female,
exchanged from Shuckard in 1842, labelled " Brazilia.
Capta D. Swainson." Like Kriechbaumer's male, the apical
alar infumation extends close to the areolet, and the meta-
thorax, which he so scantily refers to, is short, abruptly
declivous from its black base, though the glabrous and
basally explanate areola extends its weak costae to the
perpendicular petiolar area, which is remarkably rugose
and setiferous.

JOPPTDES. 33

99. Joppa elegantula, Cress.

■Joppa elegantula, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 32, $ ; Cam.,
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1884, p. 106 ; J. variolosa, Smith, Descrip. New
Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 232, <$ ; var. ,/. varipes, Cam., Ent. Mo. Mag.
1884, p. 104, $. (?) J. semihyalina, Szep]., Term. Fiiz. 1900,

p. 282, (J.

The male type of Smith's name, from " Cache, Costa Rica :
H. Rogers," is in the British Museum and agrees exactly
(especially in its mainly black hind coxae and third segment)
with the solitary female of J. elegantula (and two males
which he had mixed with J. xanthostigma) known to Cameron
in 1885, from Sabo in Vera Paz ; Salle in 1856 and Bilimek
in May, 1871, took it at Orizaba. Cresson mistook the sex
of three Mexican females. The long series of two dozen
examples of both sexes captured at Atoyac in Vera Cruz
during May and Teapa in Tabasco during February and
March by Schumann and Smith, shows that the nigrescence
of the ocellar region, of the first segmental incisure and of
the third segment (when at all present) is very variable
in extent, as also is that of the apical alar infumescence,
usually extending barely to the areolet and rarely to the
stigmal base ; the fulvous hind coxae are, unusually (as in
Cresson's and Smith's types), mainly black and the
hind femora (as in var. variipes, Cam.) occasionally
mainly pale.

Var. variipes, Cam. The type of Joppa varipes, Cam.,
from the Volcan de Chiriqui at 2-3,000 feet, is a unique
female in the British Museum ; it agrees well with the
Biologia description and Kriechbaumer's Table. From ./.
elegantula it differs only in having the capital vertex and
hind femora mainly pale, and must consequently be con-
sidered a mere form of that species. The tarsi are totally
black throughout, and Cameron's reference to " tarsi's
albidis " is an error ; the anterior tibiae are internally, and
the hind ones entirely throughout their basal two-thirds
(except extreme base), white. The fourth segment is aciculate
to its centre ; the labrum concealed ; the whole thorax
and hind coxae unicolorous brick-red ; the third segment
is black with a centrally interrupted transverse pale fascia
before its base, the first and second are immaculate pale
testaceous, with the occiput and centre of frons black.
Length, 10 mm. It was evidently unknown to Kriechbaumer.
I am quite unable to distinguish Szepligeti's J. semihyalina
from the present species.

34 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

EUJOPPA, Szepligeti.

Term. Fiiz. 1900, p. 282.

This genus has been briefly characterised as differing from
Joppa {Micro joppa, Kriech.), solely in having the abdomen
linear, parallel-sided, only half the breadth of the meta-
thorax, with its apex slightly compressed, the second
segment twice and the third one and a half times as long as
broad ; fourth quadrate. It seems doubtfully distinct.
Only one species is known.

i. Eujoppa kriechbaumeri, Szepl.
loc. cit.

A testaceous species. Head transverse, explanate behind
the eyes ; clypeus with a few punctures ; frons impressed,
vertex slightly concave, eyes normally prominent, occiput
deeply emarginate ; vertex alone black. Antennae black
with the scape rufescent beneath. Thorax with the diffusely
punctate mesonotum and a mark below the wings black ;
notauli only apically developed ; base of metanotum (seen
from behind) simply rounded ; areola and dentiparal areae
entire ; petiolar area rugose, and slightly impressed with
no costae. Scutellum black, little convex, laterally margined,
feebly aciculate and punctate. Abdomen with the third
to seventh segments black ; postpetiole (seen from above)
hexagonal, finely aciculate and as long as the petiole ; second
segment finely aciculate and laterally punctate ; third
extremely finely aciculate centrally at its base, its remainder
with segments four to seven, smooth and shining ; terebra
emitted from ventral plica. Legs with the intermediate tarsi
(except basal joint), hind coxae, base of trochanters and of
the anterior coxae, apical third of femora, tibiae basally,
and the hind tarsi (except metatarsi internally), black ;
apex of tibiae barely reaching third segment. Wings
flavous with the basal cell, apex and stigma black. Length,
15 mm. Brazil ; Prov. Piauhy.

CRYPTOPYGE, Kriechbaumer.

Berl. Ent, Zeit. xliii, 1898, p. 22.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(2) 1. Fifth abdominal segment laterally spinate on either side.

1. picta, Guer.
(1) 2. Fifth abdominal segment not apicalh/ spinate.
(10) 3. Metanotum and hind legs conspicuously white-marked.
(9) 4. Thorax mainly black.

JOPPIDES. 35

(8) 5. Abdominal segments conspicuously pale-banded.

(7) 6. Scutellum conical ; abdomen slender and parallel-sided.

2. laeva, sp. n.
(6) 7. Scutellum not conical ; abdomen centrally explanate.

3. obtusa, Kriech.
(5) 8. Abdomen- entirely dark red throughout. 4. tricolor, Szepl.
(4) 9. Whole body dark red. 5. unicolor, Szepl.

(3) 10. Metanotum and hind legs (except tarsi) black.
(12) 11. Scutellum strongly conical, longer than broad.

6. pulchripennis, Sm.
(11) 12. Scutellum deplanate ; broader than long. 7. variegata, Szepl.

i. Cryptopyge picta, Guer.

Joppa picta, Guer. Voyage Coquille h, 2, 1838, p. 198 ; Duncan in
Jardine's Naturalist Library, Vol. i, 1840, p. 314, pi. xxxi, fig. 3, ? ;
Cryptopyge picta, Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 128, pi. i, figg. 8,

8a, S $•

Kriechbaumer gives no localities and makes no mention
of the legs ; he thought it strange that Brulle (Hist. Nat.
Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 273, excl. var.) had not noted the
characteristic lateral spines at the apex of the fifth abdominal
segment, but this had already been done by Guerin. Both
Guerin and Brulle knew it from " Bresil (prov. des Mines
et de Rio-Grande)," and note the hind tibial flavous base.
Dalla Torre's references need revision : the earliest notice
of the species I can find is that given above in 1838, where
" le Joppe peinte " is referred to Serville, Iconogr. du Regne
animal. Ins. pi. lxv., fig. 7 ; but this was not published
till 1844. Duncan in 1840 gives no detailed description
but his figure, if it had priority, might be allowed to stand
for, though crude in colouring, it is remarkably faithfm
to Nature in its outline, markings and neuration : and
that figured in the Iconogr. du Regne Animal, though
certainly representing a $ of the present species, is possessed
of a pale red abdomen, and for its description one is referred
at p. 409 to the Voyage Coquille. The abdomen, or at
least the anus is always more or less subrufescent, but never
pink ! Duncan's figure was very probably drawn by
Westwood, and possibly from the single worn female in the
British Museum, correctly named by Frederick Smith from
Brazil. In Smith's own collection are two or three more
females, unlocalised.

2. Cryptopyge laeva, sp. n.

Similar to C. obtusa in all that distinguishes that species
from its congeners but smaller, more slender and very
distinct in its narrower wings with their infumate apex not

d2

36 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

extending quite as far as the areolet, in its glabrous and very
sparsely punctate scutellum and metanotal elevation (both
of which are distinctly aciculate in C. obtusa), in having one
basal central (not two lateral) metanotal pale mark, in the
larger size of the apical metathoracic pale marks, with the
whole base of their coxae also pale ; but perhaps principally
in the slender, subparallel-sided abdomen, and sharply
conical scutellum. Length, 12 mm. $ only. Brasilia.
Capta D. Swainson. In coll. Frederick Smith : Mus. Janson.

3. Cryptopyge obtusa, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 128, $.

This species is well differentiated by Kriechbaumer from
C. picta. A pair was purchased by the British Museum
from Stevens in 1849 or 1850, from Bates, by whom they
were captured at Para on the Amazon. The male differs
only sexually ; both sexes have the hind tibiae immaculate
black and all the front wing-nervures much clouded, with the
upper basal nervure distinctly more antefurcal than that
of C. picta.

4. Cryptopyge tricolor, Szepl.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1903, p. 480, $.

I am not sure that Szepligeti correctly recognised the
present genus ; at least his Cryptopyge testacea (Term. Fiizetek,
1900, p. 183, $), which I know well, does not belong to it.
His description of the present species is : —

Head white ; labrum prominent, cheeks elongate, vertex
concave ; occiput not emarginate : eyes prominent.
Antennae black, with underside of scape white ; flagellum
explanate between centre and apex. Thorax black, profusely
marked with yellow and white ; mesonotum densely punctate,
notauli not developed ; metanotum with high saddle, the
sloping part with two longitudinal costae, punctate with
petiolar area rugose. Scutellum black, slightly convex,
broader than long and laterally margined. Abdomen dark
red ; the five basal segments finely aciculate and the fifth
with no spines. Anterior legs white, externally black ;
hind coxae and trochanters white, black- marked ; hind
femora dark red, their tibiae infuscate and basally whitish ;
hind tarsi white. Wings hyaline, subfiavescent, their apices
broadly infumate but not extending to areolet, with metallic
gloss ; stigma narrow, rufescent along the middle ; hind
wings apically infumate ; areolet trapezoidal, subpetiolate.
Length, 15 mm. Peru. Marcapata. 1.000 metres.

JOPPIDES. 37

5. Cryptopyge unicolor, Szepl.
lib. cit., p. 480, $.

Dark red with the flagellum black ; anterior tarsi externally
piceous ; wings hyaline with their apices infumate and
metallic as far as areolet ; and apices of hind ones also
infumate. Otherwise as in the last species. Length, 16 mm.
Peru, Marcapata. 1,000 metres. Var. $ : wings except
apices flavescent piceous and transparent. Marcapata.

6. Cryptopyge pulchripennis, Smith.

Joppa pulchripennis, Smith, Descript. New Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 232, <J ;

Tragus pulchripennis, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1, 1885,

p. 191, pi. viii, fig. 25, <J ?.

Cameron mixed two species under one name. The typical
male from Cache in Costa Rica — hitherto supposed to be
female — with two other pairs cited in the Biologia Centr.-
Amer. from Bugaba in Panama at 800-1,500 ft., Cubilguitz
in Vera Paz, and the Volcan de Chiriqui at 4,000-6,000 ft.,
are in the British Museum, with another male obtained
from Paramba in Ecuador during 1898 through Rosenberg.
A pair, included under this species by Cameron, loc. cit,
have shagreened abdomen and white stigma with much
larger head and the sixth segment exserted : these are
referable to my Catadelphus stigmaticus (cf. post).

7. Cryptopyge variegata, Szepl.
Term. Fuzetek 1900, p. 283, $.

In this species the head, thorax, abdomen and wings are
said to be as in C. pulchripennis ; and it differs in having
the scutellum almost flat, broader than long, scarcely margined
laterally, punctate and indistinctly aciculate. Otherwise
the head and thorax are profusely flavous-marked with the
metanotum, except margin of the elevated part, black;
the anterior legs in front, hind coxae beneath, and the hind
tibiae except externally, flavous ; the hind tarsi white ;
two postpetiolar marks, apical angles of the second and
third segments broadly, the sides of the second to fourth
and base of the fifth, flavous ; all with the incisures rufescent.
Length, 20 mm. Bolivia, Juntas.

38 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

MACROJOPPA, Kriechbaumer.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. am, 1898, p. 22.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(12) 1. Black, species, usually with white or pale flavous markings.

(7 ) 2. Wings with apices, and always other markings also, infumate.

(6) 3. Fourth segment and thorax black throughout.

(5) 4. Flagellum pale-banded ; central alar fascia determinate.

1. blandita, Cress.

(4) 5. Flagellum immaculate black ; central fascia obsolete.

2. nigra, Szepl.

(3) 6. Fourth segment and thorax always white-marked.

3. polysticta, Kriech.
(2) 7. Wings with their apices alone infumate.

(9) 8. Hind tibiae entirely black throughout.

4. surinamensis, Kriech.

(8) 9. Hind tibiae basally white-banded.

(11) 10. Scutellum acuminate. 5. conjusa, Kriech.

(10) 11. Scutellum obtuse. 6. inclyta, Cress.

(1) 12. Species at least partly fulvous, rarely flavidous.

(22) 13. Wings with, apices and front ones with central marks also,
infumate.

(17) 14. Hind wing with no central infumate marks.

(16) 15. Second segment black-marked. 7. elegans, Brulle.

(15) 16. Second segment immaculate red. 8. haematodes, Szepl.

(14) 17. Hind wing also with central infumate marks.

(19) 18. Second to fourth abdominal segments rufescent entirely.

9. concinna, Brulle.

(18) 19. Second to fourth segments fulvous, basally black.

(21) 20. Scutellum strongly convex ; fourth segment apically red.

10. bogotensis, Kriech.

(20) 21. Scutellum deplanate ; fourth segment only laterally red.

11. bifasciata, Szepl.

(13) 22. Wings with their apices alone infumate.
(32) 23. Mesonotum mainly black.

(25) 24. Mesonotum immaculate black ; metathorax unicolorous.

12. conflata, sp. n.

(24) 25. Mesonotum black, pale-vittate ; metanotum not unicolorous.

(27) 26. Metanotum fulvous with one central black mark.

13. stapedifera, Kriech.

(26) 27. Metanotum with two broad white vittae.

(31) 28. Scutellum conical with nodose apex and lateral flavous
marks.

(30) 29. Hind tibiae white-marked ; their femora and abdominal
base black. 14. taschenbergi, Kriech.

JOPPIDES. 39

(29) 30. Hind tibiae black ; their femora and whole abdomen deep
red. 15. imperialis, sp. n.

(28) 31. Scutellum subdeplanate with flavous basal margin.

16. nigrosignata, Kriech.

(23) 32. Mesonotum rufescent, rarely with infuscate vittae.

(36) 33. Hind trochanters and femora black.

(35) 34. Fifth abdominal segment punctate throughout.

17. nigrofasciata, Kriech.

(34) 35. Fifth segment distinctly acieulate basally. 18. rufa, Szepl.

(33) 36. Hind trochanters and femora nearly entirely red.

(40) 37. Hind tarsi with the three basal joints white.

(39) 38. Mesonotum rugosely punctate, with impressed notauli.

19. fulva, Kriech.

(38) 39. Mesonotum densely punctate, with no notauli.

20. haematogaster, Szepl.

(37) 40. Hind metatarsus alone more or less whitish.

(46) 41. Fulvous ; mesonotum with three distinct dark vittae.

(43) 42. Mesonotum finely aciculate-rugose ; notauli obsolete.

21. trifasciata, Kriech.

(42) 43. Mesonotum densely punctate ; notauli entirely wanting.

(45) 44. All femoral apices, and the anus broadly, black.

22. pvlchra, Szepl.

(44) 45. Hind femora, and the anus, entirely rufescent throughout.

23. 8imilis, Szepl.

(41) 46. Rufescent ; mesonotum with no traces of discal vittae.

24. amazonica, Kriech.

Cf. also Macrojoppa boliviana, Strand, sp. nov., Arch. Naturges.
78a (1912), p. 71.

i. Macrojoppa blandita, Cress.

Trogua blandita, Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 132, <J $; Cam.,

Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. i, 1885, p. 191, pi. ix, fig. 1 ; Joppa

elegantula, Smith, Descrip. New Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 233, ?.

This synonymy is first published by Cameron (Ent. Mo.
Mag. 1884, p. 105-6, where Smith's name is erroneously
given as eleganter, obviously taken from the British Museum
female type which is thus labelled by its author) ; the
" Trogus elegantula, Cameron," referred to loc. cit. by Dalla
Torre is really Joppa (Macrojoppa) elegantula, Cress. It is
a widely distributed but probably local Central American
species, first described from Orizaba and Cache in Costa
Rica ; Cameron also knew it from Guatemala and Panama ;
Herbert Smith subsequently took nearly thirty specimens
at Teapa in Tabasco in February, March and April ; and
other males, also in the British Museum, were acquired from

40 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Mr. Dyson from Honduras in 1845 and Stevens from Bogota
in 1858. Kriechbaumer also received it from Bogota and
Orizaba, and named three forms in accordance with the
extremely variable number of basal abdominal white spots,
most usually visible on either side of both the first and second
segments ; the length varies from 12-18 mm. Cameron's
record of this species from the Volcan de Chiriqui is an error,
since the example in question is referable to the next species ;
nor is the Bugaba specimen now accessible.

2. Macrojoppa nigra, Szepl.
Term. Fuzetek 1900, p. 283, ?.

No doubt can remain that the female recorded by Cameron
from Chiriqui and regarded by him as belonging to the last
species, is quite distinct : it has seven exserted dorsal
segments, and is dull black with the cheeks and face mainly,
frontal orbits broadly, underside of scape and of the anterior
legs though not coxae, the hind tarsi and a spot on basal
scutellar carinae, three spots on the mesopleurae and a line
beneath radix, white ; unlike M . blandita, the flagellum is
immaculate black and the central alar fascia utterly lacking ;
the whole facies corresponds with Cryptopyge pulchripennis,
Smith ; length, 17 mm.

The above distinctions were noted before I saw Szepligeti's
description : —

Black with the underside of scape, face and cheeks (except
fine black markings), two lines before scutellar base and one
at wing-base, two dots on mesopleurae and two on sloping
part of metathorax, two subconfluent spots at apex of three
basal segments (those on second triangular, on third small
and indistinct), flavous. Eyes not prominent, ocelli not
approximate ; mesonotum punctate with undeveloped notauli,
mesopleurae impunctate below, metanotum punctate with
sloping part rugose. Scutellum flatly convex, punctate,
and apically smooth. Postpetiole rugose and distinctly
bicarinate ; segments two to four aciculate and laterally
punctate, the fifth coarsely punctate, indistinctly aciculate
basally, and the remainder smooth, finely punctate. Legs
with hind tarsi white. Wings hyaline not so far as the
deltoidal areolet, with their apical third and a spot at junction
of nervulus with basal nervure, infumate ; stigma black.
Length, 15 mm. Chiriqui ; where Champion took another,
at an altitude of 2-3,000 feet.

JOPPIDES. 41

5. Macrojoppa confusa, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 141, ?.

6. Macrojoppa inclyta, Cress.

Joppa inclyta, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 29; Trogua
inclyta, Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 133, ?.

Two pairs of the latter species are in the British Museum ;
of these three are from Mexico ; one taken on Orizaba
(M. Salle, 1856) and two in Guerrero, at Rincon, 2,800 feet,
and Amula, 6,000 feet (H. H. Smith) ; the second female,
certainly cospecinc, is labelled " Brazil," and it must,
I think, represent M. confusa, Kriech., which is said to
differ in its acute, in place of obtuse, scutellum and in its
smaller size of 14 mm., as compared with 17 mm. Here
the scutellum is equally pyramidal in all, the size varies
from 14-16 mm. The Brazilian M. confusa is said to have
the fourth segment rarely pale-marked, which is also here
the case ; but this feature is doubtless variable, and I have
omitted it from the Table of Species.

Adam White has described the Brazilian $ in MS. thus : —
" Joppa scripta, sp. n., — Nigra, capite lateraliter thorace
infra, lineolis 2 parallelis medio supra, scutello maculis 2,
postscutello lateribus, pedibus 2 anterioribus interne tibiae
posticae basi tarsorum pedis postici articulis 3 basalibus
apice pallide flavis ; alae hyalinae albae apice late fuscae.
Near Joppa picta Serville Guerin Iconogr. described in
Voy. de l'Astrolabe, p. 198. Brazil."

7. Macrojoppa elegans, Brulle.
Joppa elegans, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 274.

A single Brazilian female in the British Museum was
correctly named by Smith.

8. Macrojoppa haematodes, Szepl.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1903, p. 481, $.

A red species. Head subglabrous, cheeks elongate, eyes
prominent, frons impressed, vertex not concave, occiput
emarginate. Antennae explanate between centre and apex ;
flagellum black, with a few central joints red-marked ;
scape discally black. Mesonotum densely punctate with no
notauli ; mesopleurae below and metapleurae punctate ;
base of metanotum centrally elevated, the sloping part with
two costae, punctate ; petiolar area rugose. Scutellum

42 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

conical, punctate and not margined. Fifth segment except
basally, and the sixth, black ; the four basal and first half
of the fifth aciculate. Apical half of hind tibiae and fifth
hind tarsal joint piceous ; hind coxae punctate. Wings
flavescent with a central transverse band, and the apex
as far as the deltoidal and shortly petiolate areolet, infumate
and metallic ; hind wings only apically infumate ; stigma
testaceous. Length, 18 mm. Peru, Marcapata. Comes
next to M. elegans, Br.

9. Macrojoppa concinna, Brulle.
Joppa concinna, Brulte, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 274.

Known from Bolivia and Brazil. Apparently not rare ;
the British Museum, however, possesses but three males,
taken at Bahia in 1842 (from Shuckard's coll.) ; in Brazil
(from Rev. T. A. Marshall's coll.) ; and in Bolivia during
1904 (Josef Steinbach).

10. Macrojoppa bifasciata, Szepl.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1903, p. 481, ?.

Head, underside of scape, mesopleurae, sternum, coxae
and trochanters of anterior legs, flavous ; remainder of
thorax and three basal segments testaceous ; petiole flavous
and a transverse band on second and third segments basally
black, the fourth and following segments black, with sides
of former red ; anterior legs from femora testaceous, four
apical intermediate tarsal joints infuscate ; hind legs black
with base of coxae testaceous and of tibiae whitish. Meso-
pleurae and coxae smooth ; metapleurae slightly punctate ;
scutellum deplanate, subglabrous and not margined ;
metanotum finely punctate ; segments one to four aciculate ;
structure otherwise as in M. haematodes. Wings flavescent
with a central transverse band, and apex from the sessile
and deltoidal areolet, dark infumate ; hind wings centrally
infumate, apically greyish ; stigma testaceous. Length,
15 mm. Peru, Marcapata.

11. Macrojoppa conflata, sp. n.

Quite distinct from any other species I have seen. A
remarkably compact, pale testaceous insect, at once recog-
nised by its immaculate metathorax, and the abruptly
black apical half of its scutellum, hind femora and hind
tibiae. The epistoma and apically truncate clypeus are

JOPPIDES. 43

elevated ; the vertex, occiput, centre of frons and antennae
except underside of scape are deep black, with flagellum
strongly attenuate and serrate ; the niesonotum is nitidulous
with very sparse puncturation and totally black to the
scutellar fovea ; scutellum not strongly elevated, discally
glabrous with its apical declivity alone black ; metathorax
immaculate, basally smooth and elevated with its rugose
apical slope longitudinally quadricarinate in the shape of a
broad-angled M, of which the obtuse apophyses form the
outer limits ; spiracles elongate and not large ; three basal
segments testaceous, the first stout and somewhat short,
coarsely punctate and acutely bicarinate, with elevated
spiracles ; the second to near apex of the fifth closely
aciculate and laterally prominent, with the fourth from
near its base to apex of seventh deep black ; legs testaceous
with an external mark on anterior femora and tibiae, the
apical half of the hind ones and their tarsi, except basal
half of their first joint, black ; wings clear hyaline with apical
angles of the front ones alone infumate from near the sub-
petiolate areolet ; costa and stigma black ; lower angle of
discoidal cell acute. Length, hardly 12 mm. <$ only.
The type was taken by Bates on the Amazon.

12. Macrojoppa stapedifera, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 148, $.
This species was described from a single Bolivian female
and one is apt to search for it among the black species with
pale flavous markings, though the latter colour greatly
predominates and is a good deal paler than the description
would presuppose, with the apex (not base) of scutellum
and the basal metanotal sulcus (hardly a curved band at its
base) black. The stapediform metathoracic spot, upon
which its author lays such stress, occupies the whole centre
of the petiolar area, between the longitudinal carinae and is
usually subparallel-sided or gradually a little explanate
throughout ; on either side is a slight and oblique line above
the hind coxae. Cameron knew two females of this species,
captured by Champion at Pannina in Vera Paz and at 2,500-
4,000 ft. on the Volcan de Chiriqui, but for some reason
regarded them as cospecific with his type of Joppa varipes
(Biologia Centr.-Amer., p. 193) ; another female was
subsequently captured at Teapa in Tabasco during February
by Smith ; and there is, in the British Museum, a unique
male found on the Volcan de Orizaba by M. Salle and received
in 1856 ; the flagellum of the last is serrate and strongly
attenuate towards its apex.

44 ICHNEUMONIDAB.

13. Macrojoppa imperialis, sp. n.

This female agrees well with Kriechbaumer's account of
31. taschenbergi (Berliner Ent. Zeit., 1898, p. 146), though
differing widely from the original diagnosis in Ent. Nachr.,
p. 23 ; for, though the scutellum is conical with a pale spot
on either side, its apex is but slightly nodose ; the whole
abdomen is deep rich red, almost imperial purple, with
no black markings, as also are the hind femora with their
coxae and trochanters ; their tibiae are totally black, with
the three basal joints of their tarsi white. The gastrocaeli
are very deeply impressed and strongly transverse, not
" quer, ziemlich kurz, tief eingedriickt," as in Kriechbaumer's
species of which only a Brazilian pair from Neu Friburg is
known, with a doubtful female variety in the Hungarian
Museum. No especial reference in that species is made
to the alar infumation, further than " ah hyalini, apice
infuscatis," with a length of 12-14 mm. ; whereas the present
females, which are 18-20 mm. long, possess the peculiarity of
the subtruncate infumescence bisecting the small and petiolate
areolet, a circumstance Kriechbaumer would not have failed
to notice. The metanotum is here subglabrous with a discal
tubercle, which may correspond to his " centrally slightly
concave." A couple of females were sent together in 1904
to the British Museum by J. Steinbach from Bolivia.

14. Macrojoppa nigrosignata, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 147, $.

A unique Bolivian female alone is known. The British
Museum possesses two more females, both Brazilian and one
from San Paulo ; they agree exactly with the description
and each other except that the size is 16 mm., the hind
femora are clear red with the basal third of the subinfuscate
or quite black hind tibiae pale testaceous, and only their
metatarsi, except apically, whitish ; the alar infumescence
in one is conspicuous and extends to near the areolet with
continuation in the hind wing, while in the other it is purely
apical and wanting in the hind wing (which points go to
show Kriechbaumer's specific distinction of the present
genus to be superficial). The species is stout and very
beautiful, the profusely variegated head and thorax con-
trasting well with the fulvous abdomen of which the apical
half of all the segments is, in one case, subfulvidous.

JOPPIDES. 45

15. Macrojoppa rufa, Szepl.

Terraes Fiizetek 1900, p. 284, 9 ; c/. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr.
1903, p. 482.

Red, with only the flagellum black and hind tarsi whitish.
Mesonotum rugose, with no notauli ; metanotum densely-
punctate with petiolar area basally incomplete ; scutellum
convex and punctate. Five basal segments aciculate, the
sixth subglabrous, with the incisures broad ; petiole elongate,
postpetiole transverse, with large and prominent spiracles.
Wings hyaline, with the infumate and cyaneous apices
extending to the areolet ; stigma very small, subobsolete ;
nervures black, costal nervure rufescent ; areolet petiolate
and trapezoidal. Length, 22 mm. Bolivia, Sao Antonio.

16. Macrojoppa fulva, Kriech.

Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 151, $ ; Joppa pidchripes, White MS. in
coll. Mus. Brit. 9.

The latter reference is to a single female in the British
Museum, which sex is hitherto unknown. This was acquired
from Mr. Mo may as long ago as about 1839 and is labelled
" pidchripes, n. sp. ? Brazil, 1221 ; for descr. see Catal."
In an old MS. Register I find it thus described by the late
Adam White (certainty, as Mi-. C. O. Waterhouse informs me,
between 1850 and 1860 — thirty years before publication): —
" Joppa pidchripes. J. ferruginea, abdominis apice, tibiis
posticis (basi ferrugineo excepto), tarsorum omnium articulis
2 ultimis nigris (tarsorum posticorum articulis 3 basalibus
albis) ; alis flavescent. apice sublati nigris ; antennis
nigrescentibus articulo primo subtus, annuloque post medium,
ferrugineis. The head, thorax and first 2 pair of legs are
ferrugineous ; the hind legs are very beautiful, the coxae
and trochanters and femora and base of tibiae and 2 spurs
at end of tibiae being ferrugineous, while the remainder of
tibiae and 2 last joints of tarsus are pitchy black, the 3 basal
joints are white, the 1st being nearly as long as the other
4 taken together ; the stigma is narrow and yellowish like
the wing." The length is correctly indicated at 16 mm.,
the expanse 32 mm. and the antennae at 17 mm. In all
other respects and especially the metathoracic structure,
this female agrees with Kriechbaumer's excellent description
of five Brazilian males, three of which were from Rio.

46 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

17. Macrojoppa trifasciata, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit, 1898, p. 152, pi. 1, figg. 12, 12a, $.

The type was from Para in Brazil ; Szepligeti in 1900
adds Obidos and Coary.

18. Macrojoppa amazonica, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 153, $.

Like that at Berlin, the British Museum possesses two
females of this handsome species, one with the whole basal
third of the second segment excepting the gastrocaeli black
and the other with the merest indication of nigrescence
between the thyridii. Both, like those already known,
are from Brazil : one received in 1842 from Mr. Shuckard
and the other twenty years later was taken by Bates on
the Amazon. The abrupt transition from the stramineous
stigma to the black costal margin is conspicuous.

CONOPYGE, Kriechbaumer.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. xxm., 1898, p 22.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Body mainly red.

(3) 2. Central abdominal segments normally aciculate.

1. cinctipes, Kriech.

(2) 3. Central segments extremely finely aciculate.

2. flavipe8, Cam.
(1) 4. Body nearly entirely black.
(G) 5. Hind femora and tibiae half-black. 3. conica, Brulle.

(5) 6. Hind femora black, tibiae mainly flavous. 4. tibialis, Kriech.

i. Conopyge cinctipes, Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 156, pi. i., figg. 10, 10a, $ ?.

2. Conopyge flavipes, Cam.
Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara 1., 1911, p. 158, $.

The type in the British Museum is most closely allied to
C. cinctipes, but differs in coloration and in the extremely
finely aciculate central segments ; the structure of head
and thorax is similar to that of C. conica, but the abdomen is
brick-red with the first segment nigrescent and the anus
flavidous ; the hind legs are more indefinitely black-marked,
but the areolet is identical. British Guiana.

JOPPIDES. 47

3. Conopyge conica, Brulle.

Joppa conica, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 286, ? ; Cress.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 29, $ $ ; Ichneumon breviventris,

Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 12, <J ; Conopyge analis,

Kriech., Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 157, ?.

The unsatisfactory condition into which this species was
thrown, by the fact that Kriechbaumer knew but a single
male, well illustrates the danger of working upon insufficient
material. Fortunately there is a long series of both sexes
in the British Museum taken at Atoyac in Vera Cruz during
May, and Teapa in Tabasco during February and March,
as well as representatives from Temax in northern Yucatan,
Amula in Guerrero at 6,000 feet during August, and on the
Sierra de las Aguas-Escondidas at 9,500 feet during July.
Brulle first described the female from Mexico ; that Cresson's
Cuban male is synonymous is proved, besides its coloration,
by the scutellum being " rather convex and longitudinally
rugose, areolet almost quadrate, second recurrent nervure
slightly angular in the middle, and received by the areolet
very near its tip " ; and its author himself relegates three
examples of both sexes to Brulle's name in 1868 with a
query, remarking that J. conica of Mexico " seems to differ
from the unique Cuban [$] specimen only by the more
dense punctation of the metathorax," by the sparsely
punctured scutellum and other minor plastic distinctions of
the exoskeleton, which are variable to an unusual extent
— among Ichneumonidae — in this species which, he adds,
" is not a true Joppa." In 1873 (Proc. Acad. Philad. p. 110),
Cresson again places it in Ichneumon and records it from
Orizaba and Cordova, adding the apparent distinctions
which cause the perpetuation of queried relationship to
Ichneumon breviventris. But Cameron, who also queries
its position in Ichneumon, says he has " no doubt that the
Cuban /. breviventris is an aberration " ; his knowledge
appears to have been gleaned from a subsequently lost
specimen from Belize in British Honduras, presumably
that so badly figured (Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1, pi.
viii, fig. 22), the areolet of which is utterly erroneous.
Kriechbaumer's male had unusually finely sculptured petiole ;
and the aciculate central segments leave no doubt respecting
its correct Joppid affinities ; as in his species, the areolet is
often broader than high, rarely subpentagonal, but usually
exactly as described by Cresson : small and subquadrate,
emitting recurrent nervure near its apex. The size varies
from 10-16^ mm.

48 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

LINDIGIA, Kriechbaumer:

Berl. Ent. Zeit. xxm., 1898, p. 22.

This genus differs from Coelichneumon in nothing whatever
but its aciculate abdomen.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(6) 1. Thorax very distinctly sculptured and punctate discally.

(.">) 2. Mesonotum black with profuse pale vittae.

(4) 3. Metathorax mainly black. 1. multiplagiata, Cam.

(3) 4. Metathorax pale with but three black streaks.

2. ochracea, sp. n.
(2) 5. Mesonotum immaculate ochraceous throughout.

3. immaculata, sp. n.

( 1 ) 6. Thorax entirely glabrous throughout its disc.

4. africana, sp. ru

i. Lindigia multiplagiata, Cam.

Ichneumon mvltiplagiatus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885,.

p. 164, pi. viii., fig. 5, (J $ ; Lindigia varia, Krieeh., Berl. Ent. Zeit.

1898, p. 160, pi. i., figg. 3, 3a, £ $.

I have compared Cameron's types in the British Museum,
from San Geronimo in Guatemala, with the full description
of Kriechbaumer's Columbian specimens (loc. cit.) and find
them to agree perfectly in every way.

2. Lindigia ochraeea, sp. n.

Similar to the preceding but much stouter and larger,
deep ochraceous in colour with only the dilated apical half
of flagellum, the ocellar region transversely betAveen the
eyes, disc of scutellum confluently with disc of mesothorax
excepting four longitudinal vittae on the latter, the meta-
thorax longitudinally down its centre and its spiracular
areae, black. The head is very strongly buccate ; scutellum
deplanate, evenly punctate and apically truncate ; areola
(as in the above species) ill-defined, subglabrous, longer than
broad and emitting weak costulae from near its base ; only
the two basal segments evenly and closely aciculate through-
out ; legs stout ; wings hyaline, radial cell subinfumate,
stigma fulvous. Length, 18 mm. $ only. Two females-
were captured by Bates on the Amazon, one at Ega ; and
were received by the British Museum in 1856.

JOPPIDES. 49

3. Lindigia immaculata, sp. n.

Unicolorous ochraceous-red throughout, with only terebra
and whole of the dilated flagellum black ; stigma red ;
areola subquadrate ; postpetiole punctate, with the two
following segments striate throughout. Length, 15 mm.
The type in the British Museum is a Mexican female from
Orizaba, received from M. Salle in 1856. I fail to find
anything resembling this species in Cresson (1873) or the
Biologia Centr.-Amer.

4. Lindigia africana, sp. n.

I have had the pleasure of discovering this genus repre-
sented in Africa. The insect agrees with Cameron's type
of the genus in its black head and thorax with their profuse
stramineous markings, and in having the abdomen and
legs mainly pale red, though at once recognised by having
the whole thoracic disc — mesonotum, scutellum and meta-
notum — totally glabrous and without sculpture. The
stramineous metathorax is centrally black from base to
apex with the stripe centrally constricted and apically
impressed, the metapleurae are also black-striped throughout
through the spiracles, and a free spot covers the wanting
costulae. The abdomen is deplanate and strongly aciculate
to beyond centre of the fourth segment, it is pale brick-red
with a subapical quadrate mark on the flavous first segment,
and a discal round one on the second or second to fourth
segments, black. All the femora, the anterior tibiae, apices
of the hind tibiae and whole of the hind tarsi, black. The
head is buccate and stramineous with the vertex, etc.,
black-marked, and an apical triangular black mark on the
face. Length, 12 mm. $ only. A couple of males were
secured at Entebbe, Uganda, on 13th August, 1911, bv
C. C. Gowdey.

EPIJOPPA, gen. nov.

A group of insects agreeing in all essential features with
other Joppides in having the flagellum of the £ serrate and
of the § subexplanate, the slightly prominent apices of the
abdominal segments with strong discal striation, and in
the frequently infumate wings ; but sufficiently distinct
to bear an individual name in the broadly-rounded face,
strongly buccate cheeks and temples, the undiscrete and
apically dentate clypeus, prominent labrum, the invariably

50 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

glabrous and glittering metanotal areola, the short meta-
thorax with its evenly curved apical declivity, the smooth
fourth and following segments, subcontinuous basal nervure,
straight median and but slightly geniculate internal cubital
nervure and narrow discoidal cell ; further important
characters are found in the metallic coloration and rugose
mesonotum, which in the larger species approaches in
conformation that of Rhyssa.

No one appears to have recognised in recent literature
the two African species placed in the genus Joppa by Tosquinet
in 1896 ; these I here relegate, along with six others that
seem to be hitherto undescribed, to this new genus, the
scutellum of which is always subpyramidal and deeply
punctate : compare Ceratojoppa, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt.
1905, p. 346, from Natal. The African members of the
present genus form a goodly number of species, agreeing
to a remarkable extent inter se and differing too Avidely from
the typical exponents of this Tribe to be included in Joppa,
as was done by Tosquinet, in their centrally produced
clypeus, exserted labrum, in the flagellum but slightly
explanate in the female though distinctly serrate in the male,
the less discrete segments, always rugose mesonotum and not
invariably infumate wings.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(8) 1. Anterior wings more or less broadly infumate.

(5) 2. Infumation of the wings dense throughout ; head red.

(4) 3. Mesonotum and scutellum red ; hind tarsi normal.

1. verecunda, Tosq.
(3) 4. Mesonotum red, scutellum blue-black ; tarsi incrassate.

2. fumosa, sp. n.
(2) 5. Infumation of wings extending from centre only ; head

not red.
(7) 6. Facial orbits and anus not pale ; hind femora bright red.

3. dimidiata, sp. n.

(6) 7. Facial orbits and anus pale ; hind legs entirely black.

4. corrugata, Tosq.
(1) 8. Anterior wings hyaline or subhyaline throughout.

(10) 9. Mesonotum metallic blue ; wings subhyaline.

5. eucoelea, sp. n.

(9) 10. Mesonotum entirely rufescent ; wings hyaline.

(14) 11. Antennae and legs mainly black; mesonotum dark red;
anus white.

(13) 12. Facial orbits broadly, and anterior coxae, white.

6. variabilis, sp n.

(12) 13. Facial orbits and anterior coxae immaculate.

7. nigricoxata, sp. n.

(11) 14. Antennae, legs and mesothorax b rick- red ; abdomen

dorsally unicolorous. 8. mbricata, sp. n.

JOPPIDES. 51

i. Epijoppa verecunda, Tosq. (Type of the genus.)

Joppa verecunda, Tosq., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 101, <J.

A strongly particoloured, metallic blue species with the
head, prothorax, mesonotum and scutellum clear red ;
wings evenly infumate throughout, and the black flagellum
usually in $ white-banded. Tosquinet knew only a single
^ of 14 mm. from the Cape of Good Hope ; but the size
varies from 11-17 mm. $ 9- The British Museum contains
some dozen examples of both sexes, differing from the
original description only in having the postpetiole stoutly
striate, the exterior wing-margin not paler than the disc,
the nervulus (upper basal nervure) distinctly antefurcal
and the coxae immaculate. They are from Nyasaland
(Lower Shire Valley near Chikawa at 600 ft. in the middle of
April, 1910 ; and at Mlanje during both May and July, 1913) ;
Uganda (the Mpanga Forest of Toro at 4,800 feet, November,
1911 ; Mbale at 3,800 feet, August, 1911 ; and in the Eastern
Mbale District to the south of Mount Elgon at 3,700-3,900 feet
about the same time) ; British East Africa (Masongaleni
at 3,000 feet, March, 1911, by S. A. Neave ; and at Samburu
in November, 1896, by C. S. Betton) ; Rhodesia (near
Chirinda in Gaza Land during August, 1907, by Guy Marshall) ;
and Natal (a large female from the Natal Museum in 1911).

2. Epijoppa fumosa, sp. n.

So like E. verecunda that I considered it at first no more
than a varietal form ; but it is instantly known superficially
by the blue mesonotum and scutellum, which feature appears
to be so constantly combined with larger size, stouter
abdomen, broader and more pure white flagellar band (which
is in this species shared also by the <$), and with distinctly
explanate hind tarsal joints as to render it certainly distinct.
Length, 15-18 mm. ^$. The type and four topotypes
were taken at Mlanje in Nyasaland, (I. II. and VI., 1913,) by
Neave who had already met with the species about Mount
Rungwenear New Langenburg, November, 1910, at 5-6,000 feet
in German East Africa and in the valley of the Upper Nzoia
River at North Kavirondo at 5,100-5,400 feet early in June,
1911, in British East Africa. Other specimens in the British
Museum were captured by Dr. J. E. S. Old, at Blantyre, in
Nyasaland in June, 1910 ; in the Chirinda Forest of Gaza
Land, Rhodesia, in March, 1907, by David Odendaal ; and
at Salisbury in Mashonaland during January, 1900, by Guy
Marshall. A single female I term var. apicalis, though

e2

52 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

possibly of specific rank, on account of its subhyaline alar
apices (which have the appearance known to lepidopterists
as " rubbed "), albescent juxta-scrobal orbits, pure white-
anus from apex of the fifth segment and white ventral plica ;
this was taken at Minna in Northern Nigeria on 26th August,
1910, by Dr. J. W. Scott-Macfie, who presented it the following
year.

3. Epijoppa dimidiata, sp. n.

Agreeing with the next species (E. corrugata) in its entirely
blue body, alar infumation and pale spot at the juxta-scrobal
orbits ; but differing in having the facial orbits immaculate,
the hind femora navescent to near their apices and the front
tibiae bright red internally, with the anus not at all white-
marked. Length, 12-13 mm. <$ only. My experience of
this species is confined to Uganda, where C. C. Gowdey took
the type at Entebbe on 28th August, 1911 ; Neave found
it there during the first half of the following September, in
northern Buddu at 3,800 feet during the same month, and
between the Seziwa River and Kampala at about 3,500 feet
in August.

4 Epijoppa corrugata, Tosq.
Joppa corrugata, Tosq., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 99, <J.

The only species with pale facial orbits combined with the
apical half only of the wings infumate. I have seen no
specimens entirely blue with alar infumation apical, except
the last species. Togoland.

5. Epijoppa eucoelea, sp. n.

A single £ captured by Neave between February 3rd- 12th,
1911, at about 6,500 feet on the south-east slopes of Mount
Kenya in British East Africa agrees in every particular with
E. corrugata, Tosq., excepting that the wings are evenly a
little infumate throughout and by no means k' hyalines dans
la moitie interne, fortement enfumees dans la raoitie externe,"
as in that species.

6. Epijoppa variabilis, sp. n.

Distinct in its entirely white anterior coxae and laterally
white face to base or apex of the clypeus, and in the hyaline
wings. Similar in coloration to E. verecunda, but with the
head very much less buccate, narrower behind the eyes,

JOPPIDES. 53

the wings entirely hyaline and anus always white. The
coloration of the body is variable, but the mesonotum and
scutellum are always red ; the head is sometimes red, at
others black ; the metathorax and abdomen, normally
blue, are sometimes green and at others either blue Avith
red incisures or entirely rufescent throughout. Length,
12-13 mm. <$ 9. The type was captured in the Tero
Forest in Uganda to the south-east of Buddu at 3,800 feet
at the end of September, 1911, and co-types in the same
Protectorate between Jinja and Busia at 4,000 feet, July,
1911, on the west shore of the Victoria Nyanza at Buddu
about 3,700 feet, September, 1911, and in the forest at
Entebbe at 3,800 feet in July, 1911. Elsewhere Neave
has also onlv found a male at Mlanje in Nyasaland on
15th August,' 1913.

7. Epijoppa nigricoxata, sp. n.

Possibly no more than a form of the last species though with
the facial orbits immaculate, at most with the cheeks white-
spotted, and the coxae entirely blue-black with no pale
markings. Its colour appears much more constant than
that of the last species and the caeruleous abdomen rarely
tends to green, though in two small (and perhaps varietal)
specimens of 10 mm. — taken in the Tero Forest in July
1912 by C. C. Gowdey and at 3,800 feet in Northern Buddu
in September 1911 by S. A. Neave — the normally red head
is black. Length, 15 mm. Neave captured the type and
co-type between Jinja and Busia, Uganda, in scattered
forest at 3,800-4,000 feet at the end of July, 1911 ; with a
third at Entebbe during the first half of the following
September. Type and co-type in the British Museum.

8. Epijoppa rubricata, sp. n.

Quite distinct from all the other known species of this
genus in its entirely brick-red legs, mesothorax, including
pleurae and scutellum and frenum, head and antennae, of
which the apical third alone is black ; the abdomen and
metathorax alone are unicolorous dark metallic blue, with
the latter subglabrous and subexareolate ; the face is a
little sulcate longitudinally on either side and the apical
clypeal tooth very small. Length, 14 mm. $ only. A single
female was captured at Akweta in northern Nigeria on
14th May, 1910, by J. J. Simpson and presented to the
British Museum the following year.

54 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

POECILOJOPPA, Kriechbaumer.
Berl. Ent, Zeit. 1898, p. 22.

I. Poecilojoppa histrio, Kriech.
loc. cit. 1898, p. 163, pi. 1, figg. 5, 5a, ?.

2. Poecilojoppa annulicornis, Szepl.
Term. Fiiz., xxra., 1900, p. 285, $.

3. Poecilojoppa concolor, Szepl.

loc. cit. 1900, p. 286, ?.

4. Poecilojoppa variegata, Szepl.
Ann. Nat. Mus. Hungr. 1903, p. 482, ?.

ISCHNOPUS, Kriechbaumer.
Ent. Nachr. xxiv., 1898, p. 3.

Ischnopus is superficially similar to Macrojoppa, and the
male flagellar joints are equally serrate ; those of the female
on the other hand are cylindrical throughout with the central
joints not at all compresso-dilated ; and in both sexes the
enormously elongate hind legs render the genus conspicuous.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(2) I. Abdomen entirely black ; head elongate.

1. longiceps, Kriech

(1) 2. Abdomen at least partly red ; head normal.

(4) 3. Hind tibiae white with their apices alone black.

2. olfersi, Kriech.

(3) 4. Hind tibiae not at all white.

(6) 5. Hind tibiae basally testaceous. 3. subfasciatus, Szepl.

(5) 6. Hind tibiae entirely black.

(10) 7. Infumate apices of hind wines broad, central band wanting.

(9) 8. Apical infumation of hind wings basally reflexed.

4. rufus, Brulle.

(8) 9. Apical infumation of hind wings not reflexed.

5. Scutellaria, Szepl.

(7) 10. Infumate apices of hind wings narrow, central band entire.

(12) 11. Apices of front wings somewhat narrowly infumate.

0. melanurus, Kriech.

(11) 12. Apices of front wings infumate nearly to areolet.

7. bifa8ciatu8, Szepl.

JOPPIDES. 55

3. Ischnopus subfasciatus, Szepl.
Ann. Mua. Nat. Hungr. 1903, p. 482, ?.
This is a testaceous species with the flagellum, underside
of scape, vertex, abdomen from the fourth segment, and
hind legs from femora, black ; wings flavescent with front
ones apically infumate almost to the areolet and the basal
nervure also clouded on either side ; hind wings only sub-
infumate at their extreme apices. This female was captured
at a thousand metres at Marcapata in Peru ; it is 17 mm.
in length and differs from all the following species in its
basally testaceous hind tibiae. Males from Cayenne and
Araucania in southern Chili, now in the British Museum
ex coll. Frederick Smith, most certainly constitute the
hitherto unknown sex of the present species, with the
description of which they agree admirably throughout. It
is a large and handsome fulvidous insect with black anus, etc.,
with apices of the front (but only obsoletely of the hind)
wings and a bold bar along the basal nervure infumate.

4. Ischnopus rufus, Brulle.

Joppa rufa, Brull6, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 275, <$ ; Ischnopus
taeniopterus, Kriech. Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 26, <$ $ ; Macrojoppa
parviceps, Cam., Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1911, p. 159, <$.

I have no hesitation in assigning Kriechbaumer's name
to Brulle's earlier J. rufa (for his later, cf. genus Ischnojoppa).
The former did not know (1898, p. 154) if this belonged to
Macrojoppa, where he thought it perhaps allied to M . elegans,
or to the present genus ; it is, however, a common species.
I have seen specimens of fully 18 mm., and Frederick Smith
so named specimens from Brazil (Swainson) in the British
Museum, where is the type of Cameron's name. This last
originated from British Guiana and is wrongly placed in
Macrojoppa. Other specimens in my own collection, etc.,
are from St. Marta in Colombia both sexes in 1866
(P. Bouchard), Para in Brazil in 1845 (J. P. G. Smith),
Brazil in 1839 (Mr. Mo may) ; Puerto Columbia in north
Colombia in 1912 (Sowerby) and one labelled simply
" Antilles."

5. Ischnopus scutellaris, Szepl.

Termes Fuzetek 1900, p. 286, $ ; var. /. rufus, SzepL, I.e. p. 287, ?.

This female was described, along with a varietal form,
from San Pedro Sula in Honduras, and an almost identical
female in the British Museum, taken by Herbert Smith
at Acapulco in Guerrero during September, differs only in

56 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

its entirely black mesonotum and fourth segment, with the
apex of the third triangularly black. The antennae are
not dilated and the hind wing is infumate to beyond its
centre, but in general facies it is to be distinguished from
Macrojoppa elegans only by its elongate hind legs. It is
probably very rare in Mexico or Smith would have captured
more material.

ATANYJOPPA, Cameron.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 37.

Head with the occiput margined and evenly emarginate ;
face deplanate ; clypeus basally foveate and not discreted,
apically evenly and slightly emarginate at its centre ; labrum
distinctly prominent ; mandibles apically bidentate, with
the lower tooth much the smaller. Antennae distinctly
shorter than the abdomen, incrassate and compressed
beyond their centre. Thorax not much longer than the
two basal segments ; metathorax with distinct areae, and
basally depressed in the centre. Scutellum deplanate and
broader than long, usually laterally carinate. Abdomen
elongate and thrice longer than thorax, with the segments
apically produced or rectangular on either side and the
median ones longitudinally striate ; petiole apically curved,
with spiracles near the base of its apical fourth ; gastrocaeli
elongate, apically constricted and not very distinct ; sixth
and seventh segments large, forming an acute and sub-
triangular point ; ventral plica extending to apex of fourth
segment ; terebra short. Legs stout, with base of front
tibiae deeply excised, and the claws simple. Areolet penta-
gonal and constricted above, emitting recurrent nervure
from its centre ; apical radial abscissa basally reflexed.
' The characters of this genus are the very short, strongly
dilated antennae, the very long abdomen, with its middle
segments sharply dilated at the apex, projecting labrum,
and flat, strongly keeled scutellum " we are told (loc. cit.)
by Cameron, who considered it allied to Lindigia.

The above generic diagnosis, taken direct from the original,
gives an inadequate account of the brevity of the hind legs,
the femora of which extend in Smith's and the Bornean
species hardly to the apex of the second segment, and in
the others at most to the centre of the third. The linear
and parallel-sided abdomen resembles that of Leptojoppa
and Lagenesta, Cam. It is necessary either to broaden the
present genus sufficiently to include the two last of the
following species or to erect a new one for their reception ;
I have adopted the former course.

JOPPIDES. 57

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(6) 1. Scutellum margined ; central segments laterally acuminate.

(5) 2. Hind femora entirely black throughout.

(4) 3. Central segments basally flavous throughout.

1. flavomactdata, Cam.

(3) 4. Central segments broadly black basally ; length 22 mm.

2. rufomaculata, Cam.

(2) 5. Hind femora with both discal and external lines pale.

3. maculipes, Cam.

(1) 6. Scutellum not. margined ; central segments laterally
rectangular.

(8) 7. Abdomen tricoloured, apically crimson ; scutellum dull.

4. maculosa, Smith.

(7) 8. Abdomen bicoloured, black and flavous ; scutellum shining.

5. trunculenta, Cam.

i. Atanyjoppa flavomaculata, Cam.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 38, ^ ; Atanyjoppa spinosa, Cam. MS. ?.

A linear species in both sexes with base of the four first
segments flavous and anus entirely white. The types of
both names were acquired by the British Museum from
Cameron in 1902-3, but I fail to find any published reference
to the latter, which is certainly only the other sex. On
the under side of the same label, however, I find " Vagenatha
spinosa, Cam. Type, Borneo " ; and there can, I think,
be no doubt that he actually erected a new genus (Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1901, p. 41) for this specimen ! ! A co-type was
taken by Hewitt on 15th August, 1899, in Kuching.

2. Atanyjoppa rufomaculata, Cam.
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 38, $.

3. Atanyjoppa maculipes, Cam.
Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 71,$.

I have seen neither of these unique Himalayan specimens.

4. Atanyjoppa maculosa, Smith.

Joppa maculosa, Smith, Descript. New Spp. Hym. 1879, p. 233, $ ;
Ichneumon maculosus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p. 179.

Smith mistook the sex of his type from Irazu in Costa
Rica ; it is a female with, as he states, centrally dilated
antennae ; the labrum is exserted and the hypopygium
extends to near abdominal apex ; the three first segments

58 ICHNEUMOKIDAE.

are subaciculate, the basal metanotal sulcus deeply impressed
and it is erroneous to say, as did Cameron (Ent. Mo. Mag.
1884, p. 106), that it " may be referred to Ichneumon."
The female figured in the Biologia Centr.-Amer., pi. viii,
fig. 6, was captured by Champion at San Geronimo in
Guatemala. Type in the British Museum.

5. Atanyjoppa trunculenta, Cam.

Ichneumon truncidentus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885,
p. 166, pi. viii., f. 12.

Known from the remainder of the genus by its evenly
flavous apices of the segments and the longer hind femora.
No sex has hitherto been indicated for this species, which
does not appear to have been noticed since first described ;
both the type and a co-type, in the British Museum, are
males from San Geronimo in Guatemala.

PEDINOPELTE, Kriechbaumer.
Ent. Nachr. 1898, p 4.
Recognised by the deplanate scutellum and deeply
infumate wings, in the centre of which is nearly always a
bright yellowish spot. The original diagnosis is very short
but the genus is really distinct in the metathoracic structure
and invariably evenly infumate wings, with or without a
single flavidous mark ; neither this genus nor Dinotomus
have the segments truly aciculate, though in both they are
apically explanate and angled. I have seen but one sex
and am nearly persuaded it is the female, for the terebral
valvulae appear to be fairly obvious in both Guerin's
and Cameron's species, though the antennae are anything
but incrassate and are, like those of males of Joppides in
general, serrate and subfiliform throughout.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(6) 1. Wings discally pale-marked.

(3) 2. Anterior wings with a circular ochreous spot.

1. gravenhorsti, Guer.

(2) 3. Anterior wings with a flavous spot, not always circular.

(5) 4. Metanotum bicostate : front tibiae pale.

2. maculipennis, Szepl.

(4) 5. Metanotum excostate ; legs entirely steel-blue.

3. mocsaryi, Sz6pl.

(1) 6. Wings uniformly infumate throughout, with no spot.

(8) 7. South American. 4. violaceipennis, Cam.

(7) 8. Malayan* 6. orientalis, Szepl.

JOPPIDES. 59

i. Pedinopelte gravenhorsti, Guer.

Ichneumon gravenhorsti, Guer., Voy. Coquille, Zool. n., 1838,
p. 197, <j.

The original male was passably figured by Guerin (lib. cit.,
pi. viii., fig. 6) in 1830, from the He de Sainte Catherine in
Brazil. Kriechbaumer (Ent. Nachr., 1898, p. 26) quotes
Brulle's diagnosis of his Brazilian male (Ins. Hym. 1846,
p. 277), records the species from Surinam and adds the
female sex. The uniformly infumate wings with a large
circular ochreous spot beneath the concolorous stigma are
extremely distinctive. Strand brings forward a variety
of this species in Arch. Naturges. 78a, 1912, p. 75. Two
examples in the British Museum are from Frederick Smith's
collection in 1879 and Parana, Brazil (E. Dukinfield Jones,
1907). So extremely little is at present known of the economy
of the more typical Joppides that I venture to transcribe
C. Schrottky's note in Zeits. Wissensch. Insektenbiologie,
vi., 1910, p. 402 on The Host of Pedinopelte in extenso : —
Amongst a large number of Hymenoptera, which I received
for identification from Mr. P. J. of Bompsland, Argentine,
there was found an example of this species, with the note
" Bred from Papilio thoas." Till now the host of the genus
Pedinopelte has been unknown. As regards this Papilio,
note that in Misiones Argentinas the typical form does not
occur, only the subsp. brasiliensis , R. & J., whose large
larva would cause one to expect a much more hefty parasite ;
there is a bare possibility of some confusion with P. lycophron,
Hb., a much smaller insect. It is at least established that
the host is a Papilio of the group " Rinnenf alter," whose
larvae live on Citrus and Helietta among other things, and
it is probable that other species of the same group are
attacked by this parasite. I have also seen an example from
Paraguay The known distribution now of P. gravenhorsti
is Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Surinam.

2. Pedinopelte maculipennis, Szepl.

Termes Fuzetek, 1900, p. 287, $.

A violet species, with the labrum exserted and clypeus
impressed ; antennae setiform. Thorax diffusely punctate ;
metanotum red with two apical abbreviated carinae, not
reaching centre of sloping part ; scutellum smooth and
deplanate ; areola coalesced above. Abdomen punctate
with the incisures broad and deeply impressed, basal angles
of the segments impressed or flattened ; three basal segments

60 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

red ; ventral plica wanting. Anterior tibiae rufescent
in front ; hind femora extending to apex of fourth segment.
Wings infumate with a subcircular flavidous translucent
spot in the discocubital cell ; internal angle of stigma
flavidous. Length, 16 mm. Bolivia.

3. Pedinopelte mocsaryi, Szepl.

Termes Fiizetek, 1900, p. 287, <J.

Head, prothorax, mesonotum, scutellum, abdomen from
fourth segment and the legs, steel-blue. Labrum exserted,
clypeus emarginate, antennae black. Thorax diffusely
punctate, with no notauli ; mesopleurae and metathorax
red ; metanotum smooth with no costae. Scutellum
deplanate. Abdomen basally diffusely, thence densely and
deeply punctate ; with the three basal segments red. Wings
deeply infumate with a reniform flavidous spot in the dis-
cocubital cell ; areolet trapezoidal, discocubital nervure
curved. Length, 16 mm. Prov. Piauhy, in Brazil.

4. Pedinopelte violaceipennis, Cam.

Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1., 1911, p. 160.

The type from British Guiana is in the British Museum
and differs from the other known species, except the next,
in its unicolorous, unspotted wings.

5. Pedinopelte orientalis, Szepl.
Termes Fiizetek, 1900, p. 288, ?.

Head, scape, anterior legs, pro- and meso-thorax, red.
Labrum exserted, clypeus sidcate before its centre ; antennae
setiform. Mesothorax steel-blue ; mesonotum apically
smooth and basally punctate ; metanotum coarsely punctate,
with four longitudinal costae ; scutellum deplanate and
densely punctate. Abdomen steel-blue, densely and coarsely
punctate ; segments subtrilobed by two oblique longitudinal
sulci ; incisures very broad and deeply impressed ; venter
black-spotted flavous, with no plica. Coxae punctate ;
hind legs black from femora, with coxae steel-blue. Wings
deeply infumate, with slight metallic gloss ; areolet trapezoidal
and discocubital nervure slightly curved. Length, 22 mm.
Celebes, Minahassa.

JOPPIDES. 61

DINOTOMUS, Forster.

Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 188 ; Pailomaatax, Tischbein, Stett. Ent. Zeit.
1868, p. 255.

The pagination gives Forster's name for this genus priority,
though their relative precedence has ever since been a moot
point and I do not know the month of its publication ;
Tischbein's name appeared in September, 1868, and was
still adopted by Kriechbaumer as recently as 1898 ; though
Schmiedeknecht (Opusc. Ichn. 199), while admitting doubt
of its being right, adopts Dinotomus, in 1903. The genus
is distinct in its subpyramidal scutellum ; hind femora
extending at most to apex of fourth segment ; antennae
setiform in both sexes ; segments strongly discreted, angular
and more or less distinctly aciculate, laterally impressed.
Many species hitherto left in the broad genus Trogus must
be here included.

That the five species with " Abdomen flattened above, the
segments strongly constricted at base ; head narrowed
beneath, cheeks flat " given under Trogus by Cresson in
1877 (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vi., p. 194) belong to the present
genus is perfectly clear and they are included in the Table
of Species ; though Kriechbaumer in 1898 notices only one
here and the remainder nowhere. Cf. also Dinotomus ruber,
Schrottky, An. Soc. Argent. 1909, p. 211, from Paraguay.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(18) 1. Abdomen black or blue-black throughout, not red marked.

(5) 2. Nitidulous, with legs all black ; hind femora extending

beyond third segment.

(4) 3. Abdomen normal ; length 18 mm. ; Brazil.

1. pompeji, Kriech.
(3) 4. Abdomen fusiform ; length 16 mm. ; Africa.

2. africanus, n.n.

(2) 5. Dull and velvety ; front tibiae partly pale ; hind femora
shorter.

(11) 6. Only the anterior legs partly fulvidous.
(10) 7. Head and thorax black.

(9) 8. Body dull, with no metallic reflection. 3. spinosus, Mori.

(8) 9. Body velvety, with strong metallic reflection.

4. violaceus, Mocs.

(7) 10. Head and thorax fulvidous. 5. bicolor, Rad.

(6) 11. All the legs mainly or entirely pale.

(13) 12. Abdomen entirely deep blue throughout.

6. apicatus, Davis.

(12) 13. Abdomen not at all blue.

62 ICKNEUMON1DAE.

(15) 14. Tibiae and tarsi flavous ; North America.

7. ulvipes, Cress.
(14) 15. Tibiae and tarsi red ; Europe.

(17) 16. Sternum white-marked ; antennae and hind tarsi pale-
marked. 8. pictus, Kriech.

(16) 17. Sternum, antennae and hind tarsi black. 9. lapidator, Fab.
(1) 18. Abdomen not, or not entirely, black.

(20) 19. Head and thorax black ; abdomen and legs red or brunneous.

10. fletcheri, Harr.
(19) 20. Body not so coloured.

(24) 21. Body and legs unicolorous brick-red throughout.

(23) 22. Wings infumate throughout ; mesonotum unicolorous.

11. vulpinus, Grav.

(22) 23. Wings flavescent, apices dark ; mesonotal vittae black.

12. thoracicus, Cress.

(21) 24. Abdomen apically (rarely basally) black ; basally usually

red or albescent.

(36) 25. Wings with apices, but no discal bands, infumate.

(27) 26. Whole wings evenly infumate throughout.

13. edwardsi, Cress.
(26) 27. Whole base of wings flavescent.
(35) 28. Apex of abdomen determinately black.

(32) 29. Two basal segments clear red.

(31) 30. Front wings infumate only from apex of areolet.

14. xtithi, Kriech.

(30) 31. Front wings infumate from before basal nervure.

15. basalis, sp. n.

(29) 32. Two basal segments whitish ; infumation from shortly
beyond basal nervure.

(34) 33. Anus black ; segments 2-4 elevated.

16. orientalis, Kriech.

(33) 34. Anus cyaneous ; segments 2-4 subdeplanate.

17. coelopyga, sp. n.

(28) 35. Base of the flavidous abdomen black.

18. flavipennis, Cress.

(25) 36. Wings with two broad determinate infumate bands.

19. fasciipennis, Cress.

i. Dinotomus pompeji, Kriech.
Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 26, £ $.

Bred from Ornithoptera pompeja in Brazil.

2. Dinotomus africanus, n. n.

Dinotomus ? bicolor, Szepl. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1903, p. 483, $ (nee
Trogus bicolor, Rad. ).

A black species, with very sparse pale markings. Head
red and smooth, strongly explanate behind the strikingly

JOPP1DES. 63

small eyes ; clypeus rounded, labrum concealed, mandibular
teeth of equal length, face punctate and not scutiform,
cheeks not discreted and very long, frons impressed and
occiput strongly emarginate. Antennae not dilated ; their
base red and centre white. Prothorax red ; mesonotum
rugose, centrally slightly impressed with no notauli but
deeply sulcate near wing-base ; mesopleurae subrugose ;
metapleurae punctate ; metanotum evenly declivous and
not saddle-shaped, finely rugose, finely bicarinate from base
and centrally approximating ; basal area and areola smooth ;
spiracles linear. Scutellum conical, acuminate rugose,
laterally margined and steeply declivous. Abdomen
cyaneous, explanate to apex of third segment, thence
abruptly constricted, with remaining segments together
little longer than the third ; basal segment smooth with
postpetiole punctate ; second the largest and nearly as
long as broad, basally constricted with indistinctly longi-
tudinal rugosities and large gastrocaeli ; third segment
rugose and one-third shorter than the second ; remainder
smooth ; anus apically obtuse, ventral plica short. Hind
legs punctate, with simple claws. Wings dark, with
bicoloured metallic gloss ; areolet trapezoidal, subpetiolate,
emitting recurrent nervure before its centre. Length,
16 mm. German East Africa. Differs greatly in shape of
body from all other species of this genus.

3. Dinotomus spinosus, Mori.
Ichn. Brit. 1., 1903, p. 11, ^

Unique from the New Forest, England, in the author's
collection.

4. Dinotomus violaceus, Mocs.

Pailomastax violaceus , Mocs., Magy. Ak. Term. Ertek, 1883, p. 10, <J
P. cyanetis, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1892, p. 101, <J ?•

In the British Museum are six from Corsica ; ex coll.
E. Saunders, 1910 ; it is a parasite of Papilio hospiton,
Guene. " Ex pup. Pap. Hospit. Berolini exclusa. Staudinger
Sardinin," whence it had evidently been imported by Ruthe ;
and " Corsica, from Papilio Hospiton, May, 1905 ; H. Powell.'*

5. Dinotomus bicolor, Rad.

Trogus bicolor, Radoszkowski, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross, xxi., 1887, p. 434.

This species has been overlooked since it was first very
shortly described as follows : — Head orange. Antennae,

64 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

except basally, dark brown. Thorax orange. Abdomen
black and dull with its disc coriaceously striate and shortly
black-pilose ; all the segments abruptly constricted and
truncate basally ; venter dull flavidous. Legs orange with
the hind (or posterior) ones black. Wings fiavescent with
golden reflection, their apices infumate. Length, 15 mm.
(No sex indicated.) Korea.

6. Dinotomus apicatus, Davis.
Trogm apicatus, Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxiv., 1897, p. 352, J.

A unique male (Dalla Torre gives the wrong sex and year)
was described loc. cit. from Crawford Notch, N.H. " In
color this species resembles fulvipes, Cress., but structurally
and in the pale apical spot on the wings it differs considerably."
The fact that the abdomen is " depressed, segments densely
rugose and much contracted at base," places it in the present
genus.

7. Dinotomus fulvipes, Cress.

Trogus fulvipes, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 39 ;
T. obsidianator, Prov. Natural. Canad. 1873, p. 335 (nee Brulle).

This appears closely allied to D. lapidator, Fab. It occurs
in Canada, Maine and New Hampshire.

8. Dinotomus pictus, Kriech.
P8ilomastax pictus, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1882, p. 173, <J ?.

Tischbein at Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1868, p. 255, describes
females as males, under the name Psilorrmstax pyramidalis ,
bred in Hungary from Apatura iris by Ochsenheimer ; he
again refers to the species lib. cit. 1874, p. 296 ; and
Kriechbaumer elucidates the synonymy, with a new name,
here adopted. The species does not appear to have been
again noticed till I brought it forward as British, bred from
the same host in the New Forest (cf. Ichn. Brit, i, 1903,
p. 11). In the British Museum is a male of the present
genus, which I am unable to discriminate ; it was bred by
A. E. Wileman from Dicranura increta on 29th September,
1901, at Tainan, Anping, in southern Formosa — a consider-
able extension of range.

JOPPIDES. 65

9. Dinotomus lapidator, Fab.

Ichneumon lapidator, Fab., Mant. Ins. t., 1787, p. 266; Trogus

fuscipennis, Grav., Ichn. Europ. 11., 1829, p. 389. Var. /. caeruleator,

Fab., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 68.

There can be no doubt, from Fabricius' original description
and especially his " alis nigris," that the south European
and Algerian form (usually termed var. fuscipennis, Grav.)
must be regarded as the typical one and that with the wings
subhyaline, extending to Britain, ought to be known as
var. caeruleator, Fab., as given above. This I did not fully
appreciate ten years ago, when first confirming the species
as British (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1901, p. 249) ; since that time
it has often been bred here, always from Papilio machaon.
In the General Collection are three bred from the pupae
of this butterfly by Zeller in Germany during February,
1848, by Bucheker in Switzerland in November, 1856, and
by W. H. St. Quintin (both dark and pale wing forms)
on 12th August, 1902, from this host in southern France ;
Mocsary is said to have also raised it from Argynnis pandora.
I have further seen the species from Polish Ukraine, Piedmont,
Jena, Amur and one labelled, probably erroneously,*
" China " in 1856 from Bo wring's collection.

10. Dinotomus fletcheri, Harr.
Trogus fletcheri, Harrington, Canad. Entom. xxvi., 1894, p. 245, $.

The two known examples of this species, which has the
" abdomen as in exesorius, but more coarsely sculptured
and of a brownish colour, the first segment and base of
second a little paler," seem to vary in little more than
their " yellowish " wings and black fore-parts from D.
vulpinus ; they were bred from the pupae of a species of
Papilio from Vancouver Island.

11. Dinotomus vulpinus, Grav.

Trogus vulpinus, Grav., Ichn. Europ. u., 1829, p. 389 ; T. exesoriusy

Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 298, pi. xliii., fig. 2 ; Macrojoppa

californica, Cam., Societas. Entom. xxvi., 1911, No. 10, p. 35.

Its author was sceptical respecting the Italian origin of
his type and instances a similar specimen from North
America, whence the type is also proved to have come by

* This distribution is rendered less improbable by the fact that
in the late Col. Bingham's collection (now in Mus. Konig. Berlin)
I have seen an unlocalised specimen of this species — probably from
the Himalayas.

66 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Kriechbaumer (Stett. Ent. Zeit, 1875, p. 39). Bridle's
insect was from Carolina and Philadelphia ; Cresson in
1877, suggests its probable synonymy with Ichneumon
pennator, Fab., Ent. Syst. ii, 155 ; and Scudder in " The
Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, with
special reference to New England," 1889, Vol. Ill, gives
a capital outline figure (pi. lxxxviii, fig. 3) and resume of
its parasitism (p. 1878) thus : — " This is the most abundant
of the butterfly parasites which have been sent me. It seems
to be almost exclusively a parasite of the different species
of swallow-tails. Dr. Packard says concerning its hosts and
localities : ' Bred from pupa of Papilio asterias (polyxenes)
by Dr. Harris, E. North, E. T. Cresson, etc., appearing at
Cambridge, June 20th ; also from P. troilus and P. turnus ;
also from P. ajax and P. marcellus, West Virginia (Norton).'
Prof. Riley reared it in Missouri from Iphiclides ajax, Papilio
polyxenes, Euphoeades troilus and Jasoniades glaucus. Mr.
Mundt has reared it in Illinois from the first and last of
these. Mr. Lyman has reared it in Portland, Maine, from
polyxenes, Professor Cook in Michigan from troilus, and Mr.
W. H. Edwards in West Virginia from ajax. The only
exception to its parasitism upon swallow-tails is sent me
by Mr. Mundt who reared it from Vanessa cardui. Mr.
Cresson records the species as captured in Canada, New
York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Georgia and Illinois."

The British Museum has a long series of D. vulpinus from
Michigan, Missouri and New York from Prof. Riley (T. A.
Marshall coll.) ; New Hampshire in 1889, Florida, etc.
(H. Edwards coll.) ; several found in the United States by
Doubleday about 1840 ; one <$ " parasitic on Papilio
polyxenes, Fab. = asterius, Cramer, New York " ; and one
"Niagara Falls, Ontario, 1st September, 1913; G. Meade-
Waldo." Doubleday also took it in Georgia. I have
examined the type of Cameron's M. californica — " A New
Species of Macrojoppa (Ichneumonidae) from Iruckel Pass,
California " (loc. cit.)— in Mr. Watson's collection, bred by
him from the pupa of Papilio zolicaon, Bois., and find it to
be nothing but a typical male of the present species, which
Gibbs has also raised in the United States from the same
host. A form is described under the name var. nigrithorax
(Arch. Naturges. 78a, p. 74) by Strand.

12. Dinotomus thoracicus, Cress.
Trogus thoracicus, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 18, ^.
A unique male was captured by Dr. J. Gundlach in Cuba ;
it has the abdomen " opaque, depressed, deeply incised

JOPPIDES. 67

between the segments ; down the centre of each segment
there is a slight elevation." Hence its present inclusion
in this genus.

13. Dinotomus edwardsi, Cress.
Trogus edwardsi, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 195, <$.

Vancouver Island ; a unique male.

14. Dinotomus xuthi, Kriech.
Psilomastax xuthi, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 27, $ $.

Not mentioned since both sexes were originally said to
have been bred in Amur from Papilio xuthus [for distribu-
tional reasons, more probably from P. xuthulus, Bremer].
In the British Museum is a single male of 16 mm., captured
during 1877 by Mr. Jonas in Japan ; its scutellum is distinctly
acuminate vertically.

15. Dinotomus basalis, sp. n.

In the British Museum is a species of this genus very
closely allied to D. xuthi in conformation and yet so distinct
both in colour and minor structural details as certainly to
be a good species ; it is conspicuous in having the front
wings nigrescent-violaceous from before the basal nervure
and the hind ones from the nervellus. From D. xuthi it
differs in the entirely brick-red head, thorax and legs, with
only the unusually slender hind tibiae and tarsi black ;
in the less closely punctate and simply convex scutellum,
the more evenly and less coarsely punctate metathorax
with its entire areola distinctly longer, the postpetiole more
finely sculptured with obsolete carinae and the lateral
elevations of the third to fifth segments much more strongly
developed ; and the stigma, stramineous in D. xuthi, is
here black. Length, 18 mm. <£ only. Patria incog.

16. Dinotomus orientalis, Kriech.

Psilomastax orientalis (supra) et P. albescens (infra), Kriech., Ent.
Nachr. 1898, p. 27, <? $.

Thus shortly diagnosed by its author : — Head of $ elongate
behind and strongly, of <$ strongly but shortly, narrowed.
Scutellum of § conical, of <§ convex. Abdomen of $ basally
above but little, beneath mainly, white ; $ with basal
segment entirely and venter of the second mainly white,

f2

OS ichneumonidae.

with incisures of second to sixth segments narrowly black.
Basal half of both pairs of wings flavescent, the apical
deeply nigrescent ; areolet laterally coalescent above, its
inner nervure continuous with the basally curved outer
radius. Length, 16-17 mm. It was described from Assam ;
and I have seen both sexes from Sikkim in the Berlin Krinig.
Museum, ex coll. Bingham ; the male has the hind femora,
tibiae and tarsi black, but in the female the femora and base
of tibiae are testaceous. It is the only Indian Joppid
(except the next one) with wings infumate from apex nearly
to the basal nervure ; the second to fourth segments are
both centrally and laterally elevated.

17. Dinotomus coelopyga, sp. n.

A testaceous species with the hind legs except sometimes
basally, antennae and apical half of the wings black ; abdomen
deplanate and caerulescent from basal third of the second
segment. Length, 17 mm. <$ $. So exactly does this
species resemble D. orientalis, with the centre of its basal
segment similarly bicarinate throughout, that I should
consider it no more than a form thereof with mainly blue
abdomen, were it not that the second to fourth segments
are far more deplanate and hardly at all elevated either
centrally or laterally, and that the fifth bears no trace of
the lateral tubercles so conspicuous in that species ; the
head, too, is a little less elevated behind the ocelli and the
abdominal base flavidous. A single pair in the Royal
Berlin Museum, was captured by Col. Bingham between
April and June, 1900, in Sikkim ; and eight examples,
including both sexes, which I have seen in the Deutsches
Entomologisches Museum, are from Shembaganur in
southern India, where at least one was bred from Papilio
helenus, Linn.

18. Dinotomus flavipennis, Cress.

Trogus flavipennis, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 287, $.

Differs from the remainder of the genus in having the base
of the flavous abdomen black. Colorado. $ unknown.

19. Dinotomus fasciipennis, Cress.

Trogus fascipennis, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 195, $.

This female is said to be " easily distinguished by the
beautifully ornamented wings " ; it was found by F. H.
Strecker in Texas.

JOPPIDES. 69

CEDICEPHALUS, Cresson.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 27.

This genus certainly does not belong here and is only here
given because all authors have hitherto considered it as
part of the Joppides, though it was unknown to Kriechbaumer
in 1898. This will be seen from the facts that it is only as
far as the centre of the second segment that the aciculation
" generally " (Cresson) extends,- the basal metanotal sulcus
is entirely wanting, the <$ flagellum is exactly filiform and
that of the § but slightly explanate ; above all the tarsal
claws are basally pectinate which, with its superficial facies
and ovate abdomen, places the genus near — if not actually
in — the Listrodromides, from which it seems to be excluded
only by the retracted $ hypopygium. Wherever placed,
the unique structure of the second segment (the basal half
of which is entirely concave and very strongly, longitudinally
striate), its subentire thyridii, and the vertical scutellar
production render it sufficiently distinct. Of the last-
mentioned character I doubt the stability, since it certainly
varies in extent in individuals of (E. longicomis.

All the Joppides that were then known to occur in Central
America were placed by Cameron (Biologia Centr.-Amer.
1885, pp. 187-200) in the four genera :— (EDICEPHALUS,
with five species of which only one, and that a supposititiously
new one, was known to him; ORTEZIA with two species,
both unknown to him and me, and not represented in the
British Museum [this genus is relegated to the Ichneumonides
by Kriechbaumer, Berlin. Ent. Zeit. 189$] ; TROGUS with
six species of which two, T. latipennis and T. (now Macrojoppa)
i adyta, Cress., were unknown to him ; and JOPPA with
twenty-one species, of which two of Brulle's and two of
Cresson's alone were unknown to him. It is very obvious
that Cameron did not understand the present genus — even
the type of his (E. glaucidatus is labelled by him *w Ichneumon
glaucidatus " — for I find his type of Ichneumon fortispina
(Biol. Centr.-Amer. 1885, p. 185, pi. viii, fig. 24, $) to belong
to it ; this is distinguished from all the other kinds by its
elongately bispinate scutellum, an extremely remarkable
feature — approaching most closely to the Phygadeuonid
genus Rothneyia — which from his specific name he seems
to have noticed, though he makes no mention of it whatever.

All the species are from Central America, including
California and Cuba, except only (E. aureolus, abruptly
introduced with no remark upon its isolated occurrence in
the Celebes by Tosquinet ; I greatly doubt the right of
this last to a place here.

70 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(10) 1. Second • segment distinctly striate and not punctate

throughout.

(5) 2. Scutellum vertically acuminate.

(4) 3. Process of scutellum spinate ; anus elongately fringed.

1. longicornis, Cress.

(3) 4. Process of scutellum merely acute. 2. vicinus, Cress.

(2) 5. Scutellum vertically tubercnlate.

(9) 6. Aciculation of the second segment strong and longitudinal.

(8) 7. Mexico. 3. sororim, Cress-

(7) 8. Celebes. (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1903, p. 370, #).

4. aureolus, Tosq.

(6) 9. Aciculation of second segment fine and oblique.

5. gracilicornis , Cress.
(1) 10. Second segment not at all striate.

(18) 11. Second segment closely punctate throughout, remainder

subglabrous.

(13) 12. Scutellum not bidentate ; mesonotum finely and not very

closely punctate. G. albomaculatus, Ashm.

(12) 13. Scutellum strongly bidentate; mesonotum glabrous, with
a few large punctures.

(17) 14. Apophyses small or wanting ; hind femora black.
(16) 15. Metathorax pale-marked; scutellar spines black.

7. fortispina, Cam.

(15) 16. Metathorax all black ; scutellar spines pale.

8. erythropyga, sp. n.

(14) 17. Apophyses very large; hind femora discally pale.

9. lineiger, sp. n.

(11) 18. Second segment, like the remainder subglabrous.
(20) 19. Scutellum produced into a subacute spine.

10. pusilliis, Cress.

(19) 20. Scutellum elevated into an obtuse tubercle.

11. albovarius, Cress.

I. (Edicephalus longicornis, Cress.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 27, $; (E. glancidatus, Cam., Biologia
Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p. 88, pi. viii, fig. 23, ?.

Cameron's type in the British Museum agrees exactly
with Cresson's description of his single Cordovan example :
this was the only specimen Cameron knew and Champion
captured it at Zapota in Guatemala. Subsequently Herbert
Smith took both sexes at Atoyac in Vera Cruz during May,
and the unknown male, which differs only sexually in its
more acute anus and in having the flagellar pale band
nearer the apex, at La Venta in Guerrero at 300 feet during
September.

JOPPIDES. 71

3. CEdicephalus sororius, Cress.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. 1868, p. 28 ; Ichneumon (CEdicephalus) sororius,.
Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 129, ?.

Only known from the neighbourhood of Cordova ; the
British Museum possesses a female from Teapa in Tabasco.

7. CEdicephalus fortispina, Cam.

loc. cit. supra, $.
Smith took five more males at Atoyac in Vera Cruz,
during May.

8. CEdicephalus erythropyga, sp. n.

Similarly sculptured to (E. fortispina, but with the
scutellum much less produced on either side and only the
apices of its spines, in place of the whole scutellar apex
below them, pale ; the metathorax is immaculate black ;
the antennae and abdomen are not pale-banded, but the
anus and all the coxae are entirely rich deep red ; the
postpetiole is longer and laterally emarginate. Length,
8 mm. <$ only. A unique example from Teapa in Tabasco,
in February.

9. CEdicephalus lineiger, sp. 11.

Of the size and conformation of (E. fortispina but with
the apophyses very large and strongly acute, pale with
remainder of metanotum black ; scutellum, postscutellum,
apices of the basal segments, with anus but not petiole,
pale ; all the legs testaceous, with only extremities of hind
coxae and underside of their trochanters and femora black ;
frontal continuous with vertical pale orbits. Length, 10 mm.
£ $. A single pair found by Smith at Atoyac in Vera
Cruz, during May.

TROGOMORPHA, Ashmead.

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 15.
This interesting genus with its single species is at once
recognised from all other Joppides by its strongly and evenly
punctate abdomen, filiform female flagellum and the peculiarly
large head with almost quadrate vertex and strongly buccate
face, which exactly resembles that of Ischnojoppa, though the
clypeus here is apicaUy truncate and the labrum prominent.
From all Ichneumonides the deeply discreted abdominal
segments at once separate it. The male flagellum is strongly
serrate to its apex.

72 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

i. Trogomorpha trogiformis, Cress.

Ichneumon trogiformis, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. in, 1864, p. 175, ;.
/. trogiformis, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. I. 1867, p. 307, $.

I do not think that this strongly punctate ferrugineous species
is the Joppa ferrugator of Brulle (Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846,
p. 295), at least it is entirely distinct from both Ichneumon
ferrugator of Swederus, vide Entomologist 1909, p. 133,
doubtfully synonymised with the latter by Dalla Torre, and
Ichneumon ferrugator of William Kirby (for which see my
synonymy, Entomologist 1910, p. 243). Brulle gives a male
without pale flagellar band and his length is 15 millimetres,
whereas all the males I have seen of the present species are at
most 13 millimetres. Dalla Torre's synonymy is involved :
he gives Cresson's original reference of 1864 to the male from
New Jersey under both names, though the antennae here are
centrally pale ; Cresson only refers to the synonymy as
•possible" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 176 ef208,
<t lib. cit. 1869, p. 91. He considered the species worthy
of generic rank, when describing the female from Florida and
Louisiana {lib. cit. 1867, p. 307), but failed to bestow it
lib. cit. 1877, p. 175, where Texas and Georgia are added
to its distribution ; and it was left for Ashmead, in bis
general table of Ichneumonid genera, to do so in 1900. The
specimens of both sexes in the British Museum add nothing
to our knowledge.

TETRAGONOCHORA, Kriechbaumer.

Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 4.

The insects of this genus are at once known b}* their

remarkable, and indeed (among Ichneumonidae) unique

areolet, which in T. annulata, the first species described by

the earliest author,* is nearly a fourth broader than high

* The process of type -fixing bv subsequent writers does not always
lead to any very conspicuous stability, unless some knowledge of
the history of the genus be first acquired. Kriechbaumer erected
Tetragonochora for the reception of those species described by Brulle
in which les ailes de devant sont pourvues d'une areole dont le figure
est quadrangulaire [excepting Joppa conica]. Of these ten species,
Kriechbaumer himself distinctly says : I know only melanopyga in
nature, hence I am unable to assert whether they all belong here,
but have introduced them. We see from this remark their extreme
instability ; and T have proved that at least Joppa maurator, here
placed by Brulle, is a Coelichneumon ; and another of them Joppa
polychroa, Brulle, has been " fixed " as type of the genus, by Ashmead
(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 14), because placed first in Krieeh-
baumer's Table of Species, and, it has been retained as such " by
designation of Ashmead" by Henry L. Viereck (Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus. 1914, p. 144).

JOPPIDES. 73

with the intercubital nervures parallel and sloping a little
inwards below, its lower side is not angled at its junction
with the nearly straight recurrent nervure ; the basal
nervure, unlike that of most Joppides, is continuous through
the median or nearly so ; and the abdomen is not aciculate ;
to these characters may be added the glabrous, laterally
margined and often apically aciculate scutellum, the almost
invariable close trans-strigation of the metanotum, its strong
basal transcarina and prominent apophyses, in which last
feature, the testaceous coloration and general outline it
may be considered as the analogue of the Indian genera
Acanthojoppa and Xanihojoppa. Brulle knew nine species,
excluding Joppa (Conopyge) conica and Joppa (Coelichrieumon)
maurator, and of these Kriechbaumer was personally
acquainted only with J. melanopyga, though he added three
new species together with J. maculicollis , which I am unable
to place upon a satisfactory basis. There is a subtle
resemblance, which does not appear to be entirely superficial,
between this genus and Neotheronia, a genus with similar
distribution with which I have dealt in the Revision of
Ichneumonidae, part iii. Cryptus solabilis, Cam. (Biologia
Centr.-Amer. 1885, p. 206, $), appears to belong to the present
genus from the figure (pi. ix., fig. 15) ; but the unique example
in the British Museum shows distinct mesopleural sulci,
the terebra is exserted and the metanotum not sculptured
as in this genus ; the resemblance, nevertheless, is remarkable.

(Tetragonochora.)
TABLE OF SPECIES.
(12) 1. Wings entirely hyaline throughout.

(3) 2. Basal abdominal segment entirely red. 1. polychroa, Brulle.
(2) 3. Basal abdominal segment not entirely red.

(5) 4. Brick-red, abdomen black with white bands.

2. abdominalis, sp. n.

(4) 5. Black with the abdomen mainly pale.

(7) 6. Third segment basally black. 3. lepida, Brulle.

(6) 7. Second and following segments entirely fulvous or red.

(9) 8. Metathorax with very distinct apophyses.

4. bispina, Brulle.

If polychroa proved, upon re-discovery and adequate examination,
to belong to any genus but the present — by no means an improbable
event- — the name of that genus might have to fall to Tetragonochora
and the present to be renamed : simply because some one who had
never seen it considered it the type despite the fact that the author
of Tetragonochora had never seen it himself !

74 ICHNEUMONIDAE

(8) 9. Met at ho rax with no apophyses.

(11) 10. Metanotum en chevron, and first segment, black- marked.

5. rufiventri8f Brulle.

(10) 11. Metanotum immaculate ; first segment apically subinfuscate.

6. xanthogaster, Brulle.

(1) 12. Wings partly or entirely infumate.
(30) 13. Apices of wings alone infumate.

(17) 14. Whole body entirely brick-red throughout.

(16) 15. Areolet pentagonal; length 11 mm. 7. anomala, sp. n.
(15) 16. Areolet quadrate ; length 15 mm. 8. rufa, Cam.

(14) 17. Body more or less black-marked.

(19) 18. Fourth segment only basally black -marked.

9. annidata, Brulle.

(18) 19. Fourth segment entirely black.

(27) 20. Third segment not entirely red.
(26) 21. Basal half of third segment black.
(25) 22. Hind coxae and femora entirely pale.

(24) 23. Scutellum simple ; terebra a little exserted.

10. theronioides, sp. n.

(23) 24. Scutellum aciculate ; terebra concealed.

1 1 . brasiliensis, Szepl.

(22) 25. Hind coxae mainly and femora apically black.

12. fiavonigra, Kriech.

(21) 26. Basal half of third segment testaceous.

13. maculicollis, Cam.

(20) 27. Third segment entirely red throughout.

(29) 28. Intumescence near areolet ; hind tibiae half white.

14. melanopyga, Brulle

(28) 29. Intumescence remote from areolet ; $ hind tibiae black.

15. metzii, Kriech.

(13) 30. Apices of the wings not alone infumate.

(32) 31. Wings evenly infumate throughout ; abdomen viridescent.

16. viridis, Brulle.
(31) 32. Wings infumately variegated.

(34) 33. Infumate with alar disc and stigma subflavidous.

17. scutellata, Brulle.

(33) 34. Hyaline with apex and circular spot on basal nervure

infumate.

(36) 35. Four basal abdominal segments black-marked.

18. discifera, Kriech.

(35) 36. Four basal abdominal segments immaculate testaceous.

19. tarsalis, sp. n.

2. Tetragonochora abdominalis, sp.

n.

A stout, brick-red species with the face and underside of
thorax subflavescent ; the hind legs partly, flagellum except

JOPPIDES. 75

a broad white band, and abdomen except the narrowly
white apices of all the segments, dull black ; length, 16 mm.,
$ only. This species bears all the characters of the present
genus, in which it is at once known from those described by
its rufescent coloration combined with entirely (except basal
half of petiole) black and coriaceously punctate abdomen
with apices of all the segments narrowly and evenly, together
with its ventral plica, stramineous ; the legs are brick-red
with the apical half of the hind tibiae, apices of their femora
indefinitely above, and the posterior tarsi, black ; the
postpetiole bears deep didymate foveae. Ega (H. W. Bates)
One $. British Museum.

7. Tetragonochora anomala, sp. n.

Extremely like T. rufa, Cam., and of exactly the same
brick-red coloration with obsolete puncturation, but much
smaller with the areolet irregularly pentagonal, coalescent
above and consequently not truly referable to the present
genus, from which it also differs in its short metanotum with
neither apophyses nor trans-striation, having in its place a
well- developed and semilunate glabrous areola emitting
strong costulae. So strongly does this male resemble those
of the genus Neotheronia that it is only by its metanotal and
petiolar structure that I can assure myself of its Joppid
affinity ; here the abdominal petiole is very distinct and
glabrous, with the postpetiole laterally a little rounded,
gastrocaeli oblique and not small, head with the cheeks and
temples much less buccate than those of T. rufa, and the
alar infumescence extending more broadly to the anal angle
of the front wings ; antennae serrate. The unique male was
captured on the Amazon by Bates and acquired by the
British Museum in 1862.

8. Tetragonochora rufa, Cam.
Rodwayia rufa, Cam. , Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1, 1911, p. 162, <$.

The type of this species is now in the British Museum
and is a typical Tetragonochora with transaciculate metanotum,
prominent apophyses, sparsely punctate scutellum, transverse
areolet with nearly straight second recurrent nervure emitted
a little before its centre. I find no earlier description of
this species, though a pair taken at Para in 1845 by Gordon
Grahame and in Brazil by Bates in 1851 has stood in the
British Museum since those dates. The undescribed female
is also 15 mm. in length and brick-red throughout with the

7fi ICHNEUMONIDAE.

equally black antennae broadly flavous-banded before
their conspicuous dilatation, and the apices of the hind
tibiae more broadly black above ; the thoracic sculpture is
identical and the dark red terebra subexserted.

9. Tetragonochora annulata, Brulle.
Joppa annulata, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 282, $.

I'nknown to Kriechbaumer in 1898 and originally
recorded only from Guiana, with a length of 15 mm. and no
especial emphasis laid upon the bright flavous posterior
metatarsi, which are characteristically conspicuous. Two
females in the British Museum, captured by Bates at Ega,
agree exactly with Bridle's description, with a length of
14-15| mm. The metathorax is trans-strigose beyond the
basal transcarina, with basal area shagreened and the central
entire ; basal nervure continuous through the median ;
areolet broader than high, emitting the nearly straight
recurrent nervure before the centre.

10. Tetragonochora theronioides, Sp. n.

A small and somewhat slender testaceous species with the
black flagellum broadly white-banded in both sexes, hind
tarsi and in^ basal half of second and base of third segments,
black ; <$ with an apical alar spot, 9 with the apical wing-
margin from stigma to anal angle deeply infumate ; terebra
strongly exserted and nearly as long as the glabrous basal
segment ; length, 10-1 1 mm. A strong resemblance to Theron ia
and Neotheronia (especially N. vallata, Krieg.) is shown in
both the exserted terebra and strong apical metanotal
transcarina, heightened by the similar $ alar infumation,
the finely punctate thorax and glittering abdomen. The
$ resembles that of T. brasiliensis, Szepl., but has a white
flagellar band, the scutellar apex not aciculate, and the
metanotum more regularly trans-strigose, etc. A male and
two females were captured by Bates in Brazil and acquired
by the British Museum in 1862.

11. Tetragonochora brasiliensis, SzepL
Termes Fiizetek, xxm, 1900, p. 288, $.

This species is shortly diagnosed : — Fulvous ; black are
the flagellum (not pale-banded), two prothoracic spots,
a longitudinal discal mesonotal streak, base of the flat
margined and punctate scutellum (the apex of which is,

JOPPIDES. 77

like the postscutellum, aciculate), a basal spot and trans-
verse band on either side of metanotum, central spot in the
radially aciculate petiolar area and at base of second
segment, basal band on third, whole of remaining segments
discally, anterior tarsi partly and hind ones entirely, with
their tibiae except at apex. Centre of metanotum trans-
aciculate. Wings flavous with concolorous stigma and
brunneous apices ; length, 15 mm. This female was from
Manaos in Brazil and there is in the British Museum a
probably conspecific male from Ecuador, differing only
slightly in coloration by having the metathorax, anus from
fourth segment and hind tibiae immaculate fulvous ; but
the identical structure of the scutellum, postscutellum,
metanotum, etc., can, together with the black-spotted
second and -banded third segments, leave little doubt
respecting the relationship ; the areolet is parallel-sided,
a little broader than high ; length, 14 mm.

12. Tetragonochora flavonigra, Kriech.

Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 29, <J ; Rodwayia balteata, Cam., Journ. R. Agric.
Soc. Demerara, 1911, p. 162, <J.

The male type of Cameron's name, from British Guiana,
in the British Museum, is obviously synonymous with
Kriechbaumer's Surinam male. The black mesonotum,
scutellum and base of hind tibiae are remarkable.

13. Tetragonochora maculicollis, Cam.
Joppa maculicollis, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer., 1885, p. 200, $.

The unique female, taken by Champion at Bugaba in
Panama, is probably a southern species, since Smith subse-
quently failed to find it in Mexico ; and Kriechbaumer's
T. metzii is not unlikely to be synonymous since its female
differs only — as far as the short description (Ent. Nachr.
1898, p. 29) serves — in its basally testaceous and apicaUy
black third segment. T. metzii has the infumation of the
fore- wing rather far from the areolet, " Braunung der
Vorderfliigel bis dicht an die Areola reichend " ; Cameron
simply says " Alis hyalinis, stigmate et apice nigris," and
in his type both front-wings are now unfortunately lost.
The flagellum is strongly explanate before its apex, the
abdomen slender and not at all aciculate, the metathorax
(except petiolar area) is trans-strigose throughout, the
scutellum deplanate and laterally margined, the mesonotum
black with no notauli, the labrum not exserted, and the
apophyses small and distinct.

78 [CHNBUMONID4E.

14. Tetragonochora melanopyga, Brulle.

Joppa melanopyga, Brulle, Hist. Xat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 282, $.

The only one of Bridle's species of the present genus
known to Kriechbaumer, who says " Hinterbeine schwa rz
deren Schienen von etwas hinter der Mitte an und erstas
Fussglied an der obersten Basis weiss," whereas Bridle
has k" les jambes de derriere sont noires, avec le tiers posterieur
blanc, ainsi qne l'origine des tarses de la meme paire."
In the British Museum is a male, found by Bates at Para
(with red hind femora and apical alar infumation remote
from areolet, though otherwise identical) and two females,
taken in Brazil by Mr. Mornay about 1839, with decidedly
less than the apical half of their tibiae conspicuously white.

19. Tetragonochora tarsalis, sp. n.

This species differs from all those tabulated by
Kriechbaumer, except T. scutellata and T. discifera, in having
a bold discal mark enclosing the basal nervure and extending
nearly to the inner margin of the wing, the apices of which
are infumate almost to the slightly transverse areolet ;
the whole insect is testaceous with the capital vertex, the
longitudinally aciculate mesonotum, a slight mark below
the postscutellum, and the fifth and following segments,
with the serrate antennae (except underside of scape), and
both posterior tibiae and tarsi, black ; the basal half of
hind metatarsi and the stigma are conspicuously stramineous ;
the metathorax is completely glabrous with both trans-
carinae entire but no apophyses ; scutellum slightly convex,
sparsely punctate and laterally margined. Two males
in the British Museum were captured by Bates at Ega.

HOLOJOPPA, Szepligeti.
Termes Fuzetek, 1900, p. 289.

Szepligeti' s description of this genus and its single
species is : — Labrum prominent, cheeks elongate, eyes
little prominent, frontal fovea large, occiput emargmatr.
Antennae of § distinctly dilated. Metanotum saddle-shaped.
Abdomen spatulate, with the apex like Amblyteles ; segments
apically angular, the fifth the broadest, sixth only slightly
exposed ; sutures rather broad. Areolet irregularly pen-
tagonal, subquadrate, emitting recurrent nervure almost
from its apex ; nervulus vertical and subcontinuous through
the median.

Easily distinguished from Tricypkus by the shape of
the areolet.

JOPPIDES. 79

i. Holojoppa grandis, Szepl.

loc. cit. $.

A dark red-yellow species. Face coarsely punctate, vertex
and frons rugose. Flagellum black. Mesonotum densely
punctate with abbreviated notauli and short recumbent
pubescence ; metanotum strongly convex, basally flat and
punctate on either side, the sloping part rugose with four
longitudinal costae of which the two central are confluent
above. Scutellum convex, punctate and not laterally
margined. Abdomen alutaceous, densely punctate and
dull ; second segment as long as its apical breadth and
basally constricted, the third transverse, fourth and
remainder of anus black, sixth nitidulous, seventh with erect
pubescence ; terebra short. Apical half of hind tibiae
black. Wings flavescent with a central fascia and the
apex including areolet infumate, as is also the hind wing.
Length, 23 mm.

Bolivia, San Antonio.

AUTOMALUS, Wesmael.
Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 111.

i. Automalus alboguttatus, Grav.
Trogus alboguttatus, Grav., Ichn. Europ. i, 1829, p. 695. et n, p. 373.

This genus with its single species is only represented in
the General Collection of the British Museum by a single
pair, of which the male is from Zurich and the female was
reared from Orgyia pudibunda at Munich, by Bucheker.
The British Collection, on the other hand, possesses a fine
series, though the species is distinctly rare with us, and
I have not met with it in the course of twenty years
collecting ; these are from Desvignes' and Stephens' collec-
tions, including the female so named by the latter in his
Illustrations of British Entomology of 1835 ; an unlocalised
female from the Rev. T. A. Marshall ; and another captured
by Frederick Smith at Lowestoft and never recorded.

CATADELPHUS, Wesmael.

Bull. Acad. Sc. Belg. Annexe, 1854, p. 133.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(8) 1. Abdomen black, often more or less broadly pale-marked.
(7) 2. All the wings entirely infumate throughout.

80 HH\ KIMONIDAE.

(6) 3. Puncturation of whole body fine and very close ; segments
not pale-margined.

(5) 4. Antennae and abdomen black ; second and third segments
entirely fulvous. 1. arrogator, Fab.

(4) 5. Antennae flavous ; abdomen entirely black throughout.

2. obsidianator, Brulle.
(3) 6. Puncturation veiy strong ; apical segmental margins pale.

3. anceyi, Berth.
(2) 7. Basal half of the front, and most of hind, wings hyaline.

4. stigmaticus, sp. n.

( 1 ) 8. Abdomen entirely cyanescent throughout.

5. nigrocyanens, Tosq.

i. Catadelphus arrogator, Fab.
Ichneumon arrogator, Fab., Spec. Ins. I, 1781, p. 429.

Instantly known by the centralty bright fulvous abdomen.
It occurs throughout southern Europe from Germany,
and Dalla Torre says Mocsarj^ bred it from the Sphingid
Pterogon proserpina, Pall. Specimens in the British Museum
are from Albania, taken and presented by Sir Sidney
Saunders in 1850, and from Macon, ex coll. Rev. T. A.
Marshall. There, also, is one male in the British Collection,
" Named by Gravenhorst ; ex coll. Linn. Soc. Lond." ;
but I have no faith in its indigenous origin. I have seen
the present species from as far east as Port Baklar on the
Red Sea.

2. Catadelphus obsidianator, Brulle.

Trogus obsidianator, Brulle, Hist. Hym. 1846, p. 299, $ ; Psilomastax
obsidianator, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 26, $.

It has not before been placed in this genus ; but was
treated of under Trogus by Brulle, and Cresson (Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 196) recorded both sexes from
Carolina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Georgia and
Texas. In 1898, Kriechbaumer placed it in Psilomastax,
admitting at the same time that he had no personal know-
ledge of the species. In the British Museum are two, taken
in Georgia and elsewhere in the United States by Doubleday
about 1840. " This insect has been reared from the chrysalis
of Papilio polyxenes by Professor Riley," says Scudder
(Butterflies of the United States, 1889, p. 1879). Its
structure exactly resembles that of C. arrogator, especially
as regards the conformation of its head and metathorax,

JOPPIDES. 81

excepting that the areae are less clearly defined, and it
must certainly be relegated to this genus ; the nervelet
is equally elongate and the peculiar curve of the discoidal
nervure before it is identical.

3. Catadelphus anceyi, Berth.

Revue Sc. Bourbonnais, vn, 1894, p. 181, <£.

The male only of this Algerian species is known ; it
differs from both the above in its apically rufescent second
and third segments.

4. Catadelphus stigmaticus, sp. n.

Similar to the nearctic C. obsidianator in outline and
sculpture of the body, but with the front wings only to the
nervelet and the hind ones nearly to the first recurrent
nervure infumate, their base clear opaline hyaline with
only centre of basal nervure in the front, and of the nervellus
in the hind, wings infumate : the species is instantly known
by its totally dead-white stigma. It is dull black through-
out with the palpi, mandibular base, facial and lower-
external orbits, central clypeal mark, the stout hind tarsi
except their claws and extreme base, and in § traces at
apices of the basal abdominal segments, pure white ; the
metathorax is irregularly rugulose with a small and elongate
areola ; the $ flagellum is dilated beyond its centre, and of
<$ distinctly serrate ; length, 16-17 mm. $ $. It is super-
ficially similar to Macrojoppa blandita, Cress. ; Frederick
Smith included the unique male, captured by H. Rogers
at Cache in Costa Rica, with that species and Cameron
actually labelled it " Trogus pulchripennis , Smith"; the
unique female, similarly labelled by the latter, was taken
at 2,500-4,000 feet on the Volcan de Chiriqui by Champion.

5. Catadelphus nigrocyaneus, Tosq.
Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 103, ?.

"Patrie : Sciotalit (Scioa), vii, 1887 (Regazzi, Museecivique
de Genes)."

TROGUS, Panzer.

Krit. Revia. n, 1806, p. 80 ; Forest., Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 188.

It is necessary to restrict this genus to Forster's limita-
tion, since a large proportion of it is now comprised in
Dinotomus. Its species differ from all the more typical

82 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Joppides in their evenly convex and not basally constricted
abdominal segments, etc., though the distinctly elevated
scutellum certainly places it in this Tribe to only a less
extent than the broad and strongly impressed metanotal
sulcus. Kriechbaumer has given no adequate account of
his genus Tricyphus (Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 4) ; Szepligeti,
following Ashmead's supposition, has synonymised it with
Trogvs, and a careful examination of Tricyphus cuspidiger,
Kriech., convinces me that the two cannot be considered
distinct. Cresson has published (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
vi, 1877, p. 195) a superficial table of the seventeen species
" found in America north of Mexico " [the remainder of
the table, p. 194, may be taken as referring solely to
Dinotomus]. This I have elaborated to contain such species
as I can place, though others have been inserted as
insufficiently described and these may or may not be mere
synonyms. For fossil Trogvs vetus, cf. Brues, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 1908, p. 31.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Body and wings blue-black, immaculate ; antennae rarely

pale-marked.

(3) 2. Legs entirely blue-black ; fourth segment glabrous.

1. atrocaer ulcus, Cress

(2) 3. Legs not entirely dark ; fourth segment punctate.

2. excellent, Cam.

(9) 4. Body immaculate black, with no trace of blue.

(6) 5. Wings unicolorous nigrescent ; antennae fulvous.

3. brullei, Cress.

(5) 6. Wings flavescent, their apical margin infumate ; antennae

often black.

(8) 7. Postpetiole not elevated before its apex ; face shining.

4. marginipennis, Cress.

(7) 8. Postpetiole strongly elevated before apex ; face dull.

5. flammipennis, sp. n.

(44) 9. Body partly black, fulvous — or ferrugineous — marked.

(15) 10. Abdomen entirely black ; head, mesothorax and often
scutellum, red.

(14) 11. Wings unicolorous nigrescent ; hind tibiae and tarsi black.

(13) 12. Abdomen clavate ; mesonotum rufescent.

(>. avstrinus, Cress.

(12) 13. Abdomen parallel-sided ; mesonotum not rufescent.

7 violaceus, Szepl.

(11) 14. Wings flavescent, apically darker; hind tibiae and tarsi
fulvous. 8. arrogans, Smith.

(10) 15. Abdomen not entirely black throughout.

JOPPIDES. 83

(41) 16. Abdomen black, with rufescent markings.

(20) 17. Basal segment of the abdomen black.

(19) 18. Only second segment broadly ferrugineous-banded.

9. atrox, Cress.

(18) 19. Apical half of addomen fulvidous ferrugineous.

10. apicalis. Cress.

(17) 20. Basal segments more or less broadly rufescent.

(26) 21. Wings entirely infumate throughout.

(23) 22. Scutellum alone dull red ; segments apically rufescent.

11. brunneipennis, Smith.

(22) 23. Thorax discally red ; segments mainly rufescent.

(25) 24. Thorax conspicuously black on the under side.

12. occidentalis, Cress.

(24) 25. Thorax immaculate fulvidous ferrugineous.

13. nubilipennis, Hald.

(21) 26. Wings mainly flavescent or hyaline.

(30) 27. Apices broadly and central fascia of front wings infumate.

(29) 28. Scutellum conical ; metanotum black.

14. pulcherrimus, Ashm.

(28) 29. Scutellum simply convex ; metanotum pale.

15. cuspidiger, Kriech.

(27) 30. Apical margins of the front wings alone infumate.

(40) 31. Antennae flavous, at most with apices black.

[16. apicalis, Kriech.]

(33) 32. Postpetiole pyramidally elevated before its apex.

17. quebecensis, Prov.

(32) 33. Postpetiole not strongly elevated before its apex.

(37) 34. Clypeus centrally produced ; mesonotum mainly black.

(36) 35. Dentiparal areae regularly striate ; third ventral segment
plicate. 18. liOorius, Fab.

(35) 36. Dentiparal areae irregularly rugose ; third not plicate.

19. exaltatoriics, Panz.

(34) 37. Clypeus apically truncate ; mesonotum unicolorous red or

brunneous.

(39) 38. Apical angles of wings alone infumate ; metanotal areola
tuberculiform ; anus black. 20. pepsoides, Smith.

(38) 39. Apical margin of all wings infumate ; metanotal areola

entire ; anus red. 21. chinensis, sp. n.

(31) 40. Antennae black with only underside of scape pale.

22. bolteri, Cress.
[23. nigriventris , Kriech,]

(16) 41. Abdomen ferrugineous throughout, with the petiole alone
darker.

(43) 42. Posterior legs entirely black throughout. 24. copei, Cress.

(42) 43. Posterior legs apically distinctly rufescent.

25. canadensis, Prov.

(9) 44. Body fulvous or ferrugineous throughout.

84 ICHNEUMONIDAK.

(48) 45. Wings very distinctly nigrescent. [26. vulpinus, Szepl.]

(47) 46. Postpetiole subpyramidal before its apex. 27. rileyi, Cress.
(46) 47. Postpetiole subdeplanate before its apex.

28. biiccatus, Cress.
(45) 48. Wings very distinctly flavescent.

(50) 49. Apical margin of wings alone infumate.

29. mellosus, Cress.
{49) 50. Apical and disscal spots both infumate. 30. el eg am, Cress.

I. Trogus atrocaeruleus, Cress.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 93 et 1877, p. 196, ?.

Only a single female, from Louisiana in coll. Norton, has
hitherto been known. A second of the same sex in the
British Museum was captured by Herbert Smith at Teapa
in Tabasco during March and presented by Godman, 1904.

2. Trogus excellens, Cam.

Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p. 190, <$ ; T. ornaticornis,' C&m., loc.
cit. pi. ix, fig. 2, $.

One cannot think that Cresson mistook the sex of the
last species, in spite of the flagellum being subsetaceous.
Allowing it to be a female, that of the present species differs
from it in the pale band of its subfiliform flagellum, in its
internally pale anterior legs, punctate fourth abdominal
segment and smaller size of 17 mm., compared with 19 mm.
Cameron mistook the sex of T. ornaticomis, the type of which
sexually agrees perfectly with that of T. excellens and the
discrepancy of the scutellar elevation is much less than he
would lead one to suppose (Biol. Centr.-Amer., p. 189) ; both
are in the British Museum and both from Purula in Vera Paz.

3. Trogus brullei, Cress.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 196, 6* ?•

Cresson simply gives the distinction of his T. brullei — not
spelled by him brullaei, as misquoted by Dalla Torre — and
Catadelphus obsidianator , with no individual diagnosis ;
consequently it should possibly be transposed to the latter
genus, but I have not seen the species. The basal segment
is said to be subpyramidal before its apex, the centre of the
clypeus a little produced, the wings unicolorous and the
length .85-1.10 in. Canada, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and
Georgia.

JOPPIDES. 85

4. Trogus marginipennis, Cress.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 93 et 1877, p. 196, <J.

Two males from the Dakota Territory in the northern
United States are known. 'k This looks very much like an
Ichneumon,'''' says Cresson in 1868.

5. Trogus flammipennis, sp. n.

Deep dull velvety black throughout, with only the^ juxta-
scrobal orbits slightly rufescent ; wings brilliant fulvous
with the apical margin of the front ones and base of both
pairs infumate ; flagellum very strongly attenuate apically,
with the second to eighteenth joints of Q, or apex of the
first to twenty-fourth of <^, bright orange colour ; the segments
are convex and not basally constricted, with the first strongly
elevated before its apex ; the metathorax is short, abruptly
declivous and discally elevated before its deep basal sulcus ;
scutellum strongly convex ; clypeus not discreted from
face, its apex centrally bilobed ; labrum exserted. Length,
22-25 mm. I have already referred to this species (Revis.
Ichn. i., p. 12) as superficially resembling Thyreodon flammi-
pennis, Ashm., to which the contrast of dull black body
and naming fulvidous wings bears remarkable likeness.
Four females and three males in the British Museum were
captured by Smith in Mexico at 7-8,000 ft. at Omilteme,
Xucumanatlan and the Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas in
Guerrero during July.

7. Trogus violaceus, Szepl.
Trogus (Tricyphus) violaceus, Szepl., Bull. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 336, <J.

This is not especially an entomological publication, so I
give his account in " Especes nouvelles dTchneumonides et
de Braconides du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris " — A
blue-black species. Head transverse and somewhat small,
fulvous with vertex black ; face scutiform, dull and finely
shagreened ; labrum exserted. Antennae setaceous and
entirely fulvous. Thorax blue-black with the prothorax and
mesopleurae fulvous ; mesonotum closely punctate, with
three very indistinct sulci ; mesopleurae closely punctate ;
metanotum saddle-shaped and closely punctate, with four
short discal carinae. Scutellum conical, acuminate, coarsely
punctate and not laterally margined. Abdomen parallei-
sided, closely punctate and not aciculate ; segments not
deeply discrete, with the anterior distinctly angled ; basal

86 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

segment centrally bicarinate and explanate from its centre.
Legs slender, with the anterior fulvous ; apex of hind femora
not reaching fourth segment. Wings nearly black, with
violet reflection ; stigma lanceolate ; external radial nervure
bisinuate ; areolet trapezoidal and petiolate. Length, 20 mm.
$ only. " Patrie : Mexique (leg. Sumichrast, coll. Sichel,
1867)." It appears to differ little from Cresson's description
of T. austrinus, from Florida and Georgia.

8. Trogus arrogans, Smith.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 393, 2.

The female type, and a £ co-type captured with it and
differing only in its infuscate occiput, are in the British
Museum from Hiogo and elsewhere in Japan ; the male
has not before been noticed and both sexes appear to differ
but little from Cresson's T. austrinus from the United States.

ii. Trogus brunneipennis, Smith.
Proc. Linn. Soc, Zool. iv, 1860, Suppl. p. 59.

This differs from the remainder of the genus in its black
head and thorax with only the mouth, cheeks and scutellum
testaceous. I have not seen this species, whose sex is not
indicated ; the type is probably in the Oxford Museum ; it
is from Makassar in Celebes.

14. Trogus pulcherrimus, Ashm.
Proc. Californ. Acad, v, 1895, p. 547, <J.

A single male from San Jose del Cabo in western California
is alone known ; and distinct from all other Trogi in the
central transfascia of the front wings. " A most lovely
species, imitating some of the forms found in the genus
Joppa," says its author.

15. Trogus cuspidiger, Kriech.
Tricyphus cuspidiger, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 30, 9.

The single female in the British Museum agrees perfectly
with Kriechbaumer's very short description, and ma}' be
known from all other Trogus -species in possessing an arrow-
shaped infumate mark in the apex of the basal cell. The
original female came from Neu Freiburg in Brazil ; and
this one was captured bv Bates on the Amazon, and received
in 1862.

JOPPIDES. 87

18. Trogus lutorius, Fab.

Ichneumon lutorius, Fab., Mant. Ins. i, 1787, p. 264, <$ ? ; Ichneumon

rubricornutus, Christ, Naturg. d. Insect. 1791, p. 347, pi. xxxv., fig. 3;

Callajoppa bilineata, Cam., Entom. xxxvi, 1903, p. 237, $.

A common European species, represented in the British
Museum from Germany, Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia ;
there too is the Japanese type of Cameron's synonymous
C. bilineata.

19. Trogus exaltatorius, Panz.

Ichneumon exaltatorius, Panz., Schaef. Icon. t. ccxtn, f. 3 ;

/. atropos, Curt., Brit. Ent. 1828, p. 234, pi. ccxxxiv ; Hoplismenus

mikado, Cam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg. 1883, p. 274, <J.

Apparently much less common in Europe than the last
species ; from which I certainly consider it to be doubtfully
distinct. Specimens in the British Museum include the
types of both the above names by Curtis and Cameron,
the latter of which is from Kobe in Japan ; and specimens
bred in Germany from Sphinx ligustri and S. elpenor.
Szepligeti regards (Bull. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 337) Sichel's
South American record of this species as an error.

20. Trogus pepsoides, Smith.
Trans. Ent. Soc. 1852, p. 33, $.

The § type and a $ co-type of this northern Chinese species
from Ning-po-foo are in the British Museum ; it is a large
and stout insect of 25 mm. with the seventh segment nearly
concealed and the whole abdomen black, except apex of
first segment broadly, and sometimes those of the two following
more or less, rufescent ; the temples are buccate, the metanotal
areola tuberculiform and glabrous with petiolar area thence
abruptly declivous and trans-striate ; the centre of the
postpetiole is shining and sparsely punctate with no carinae ;
the anus is black and the alar infumescence only evident
at the apices of all the wings.

21. Trogus chinensis, sp. n.

A single $, taken with the last and regarded by its author
as a mere form, is certainly distinct. Its total length is
22 mm. with the abdomen narrower in proportion, its seventh
segment prominent and the whole brick-red with only the base
of the first two segments hardly and of the next two narrowly
black ; the temples are much less broad, the areola well-

88 IOfiSTEUMONIDAE.

defined and evenly sculptured with the petiolar area gradually
declivous and evenly reticulate ; the centre of the postpetiole
is closely punctate and laterally bicarinate throughout ; the
anus is red and the alar intumescence extends to the sinus
n the front, and to the inner angles in the hind, wings.

26. Trogus vulpinus, Szepl.
Tricyphns vulpinus, Sz6pl., Termes Fuzetek, 1900, p. 288, $.

Red-yellow, densely punctate and slightly shining. Head
transverse and posteriorly incurved with labrum prominent,
basal clypeal foveae deeply impressed and eyes not prominent.
Antennae apically piceous or black, with lanceolate dilatation
between the middle and apex. Metanotum strongly convex
and areolated ; coxal, upper external and petiolar areae
distinct. Scutellum subcorneal. Abdomen with incisures
moderately broad, but the segments neither angular nor
discally aciculate ; ventral fold wanting. Wings dark and
metallic, with margin of the stigma rufescent and areolet
shortly petiolate. Length, 16 mm. North America, Jeanette.
Apparently extremely closely allied to T. buccatus, Cress.,
from which I am unable to distinguish it. This and two of
Kriechbaumer's species are assigned no more than approxi-
mate, and not comparative, positions in my Table of Species.

HENICOPHATNUS, Kriechbaumer.

Berl. Ent. Zeit. xxxix, 1894, p. 301.

Head transverse and behind the eyes obliquely constricted.
Antennae subsetaceous and a little incrassate beyond their
centre. Thorax nearly thrice as long as broad ; metathorax
shortly and acutely dentate on either side with a single
area, the areola, bounded by slender costae but apically
incomplete. Scutellum convex, laterally margined and
apically abruptly declivous. Abdomen lanceolate-ovate ;
postpetiole subconvex ; gastrocoeli large, oblique, deeply
impressed, with their intervening space somewhat narrow ;
apical ventral segment basally cleft and hardly extending
beyond the dorsal ; terebra exserted, short and oblique.

The whole facies strongly resembling the genus Hoplis-
menus ; and, on account of the single metanotal area,
belonging to the Joppae. It was not, however, included in
Joppides by its author in 1898.

JOPPIDES. 89

i. Henicophatnus rufithorax, Kriech.
loc. cit. $.

A black species with white pubescence, and both red and
white markings. Head black with two white frontal marks ;
clypeus not centrally discreted from the subconvex face.
Antennae black with a broad white flagellar band. Thorax
entirely red throughout ; mesonotum finely rugulose with
no notauli ; metanotum discally a little convex with large
and oval areola, entirely occupying its centre and apically
subincomplete ; sloping part obliquely declivous and nearly
flat. Abdomen black with broad white apical fasciae on
the fifth to seventh segments ; postpetiole indistinctly and
very finely aciculate, with a few large lateral punctures ;
second segment subarcuate towards its base, the third
obliquely constricted ; second and third segments rugulosely
punctate and dull, the remainder smoothish and nitidulous.
Legs black with part of the anterior femora and tibiae red.
Wings hyaline ; the front ones apically infumate with the
stigma and costa black, radix and tegulae red. Length, 13 mm.
$ only. Tanga port, on coast of German East Africa, on
5th April, 1893.

XANTHOJOPPA, Cameron (emend.)

Zanthojoppa, Cam., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, vii, 1901, p. 378.

Head broad and obliquely constricted behind the large
eyes ; occiput margined, labrum distinctly prominent.
Antennae subelongate, of $ compresso-dilated beyond their
centre. Metanotum basally sulcate with small areola and
large petiolar area ; costulae wanting ; apophyses usually
large and foliaceous. Scutellum pyramidal or strongly
convex, rarely deplanate ; obliquely declivous at apex and
at its laterally margined base. Abdomen very finely and
closely punctate, gradually constricted from base of the
fourth segment and apically sharply acuminate ; gastrocoeli
narrow ; ventral plica extending to base of terebra, the
sheaths of which are elongate and exserted. Areolet
pentagonal and broad above. Colour mainly flavescent
or testaceous. All the species at present known are described
by Cameron in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
vii (1901), p. 378; xi (1903), pp. 182-3; xii (1903),
pp. 367-9; and xx (1907), p. 186. All the species are
Indian and known only from unique specimens at present.

90 ICHNEUMON ID AE.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(8) 1. Apophyses strongly acuminate ; antennae explanate beyond

their centre.

(3) 2. Scutellum pyramidal, only basally carinate laterally.

1. trilineata, Cam. ?.
(2) 3. Scutellum convex, often stoutly carinate laterally throughout.
(7) 4. Areola distinct and entire ; scutellum convex.

(6) 5. Gastrocoeli strongly striate : at most hind calcaria black.

2. crassispina. Cam. $.
(5) 6. Gastrocoeli smooth ; hind legs mainly black.

3. femorata, Cam. <$ (sic $).

(4) 7. Areola obsolete ; scutellum strongly deplanate.

4. geniculata, Cam. $.

(1) 8. Apophyses obtuse or obsolete; antennae filiform apically
attenuate.

(10) 9. Gastrocoeli long ; hind tarsi alone black ; stigma black.

5. nigrolineata, Cam. <$.

(9) 10. Gastrocoeli small ; hind legs mainly black ; stigma pale.

C. latebalteata, Cam. £

ACANTHOJOPPA, Cameron.
Entom. 1902, p. 109.

Very similar to Xanthojoppa in general facies and perhaps
not distinct, though easily known by the strong and entire
metathoracic areolar costulae, which in the latter genus
are wanting. The basally sulcate metanotum and sub-
pyramidal scutellum of the genotypical specimen certainly
place it in the Joppides. The species are unicolorous
testaceous, and their wings hyaline or flavescent with at
most the apices subinfumate. As was usual with him,
Cameron erected nearly all the following species upon single
specimens, at periods between 1902 and 1907 : I have little
faith in their stability.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(22) 1. Metathorax evenly sculptured, with all the areae clearly
defined.

(11) 2. Postpetiole not glabrous ; areola as broad as long.

(10) 3. Thorax, scape and legs immaculate testaceous.

(9) 4. Frons not transcarinate above scrobes, nor wings infumate.

(6) 5. Apex of scutellum not incised ; frons more deplanate.

1. schizaspie, Cam. $.

(5) 6. Apex of scutellum distinctly incised centrally ; frons less
deplanate.

JOPPIDES. 91

8) 7. Three basal metanotal areae irregularly punctate.

2. flavidorbitalis, Cam. $.

(7) 8. Three basal metanotal areae glabrous throughout.

3. variicomis, Cam. $. '

(4) 9. Frons transcarinate above scrpbes ; wings infumate.

4. dudgeoni, Cam. $.

(3) 10. Thorax broadly, scape and hind tarsi black.

5. nigrolineata, Cam. (J.

(2) 11. Postpetiole entirely glabrous; areola distinctly elongate
or transverse.
(17) 12. Areola of metathorax distinctly broader than long.
<16) 13. Metathorax not black-marked ; areola of normal size.

(15) 14. Clypeus apically truncate ; mesonotum not infumate.

6. indica, Cam. <£.

(14) 15. Clypeus apically excised ; mesonotum infuscate.

7. xanthopsia, Cam. ^ ?■

(13) 16. Extremities of metathorax black ; areola small.

8. nigromaculata, Cam. $.'

(12) 17. Areola of metathorax longer than broad.

(21) 18. Wings hyaline throughout ; mesonotum shagreened or

evenly punctate.
(20) 19. Thorax entirely testaceous ; areola a third longer than

broad. 9. tricolor, Cam. ?.

(19) 20. Thorax black-marked ; areola twice longer than broad.

10. apicilvneata, Cam. $.

(18) 21. Wings infumate, apically darker ; mesonotum granulate.

11. tinctipennis, Cam. $ $. i
(1) 22. Metathorax more or less strongly rugose, with no definite
areae.

(24) 23. Thorax and scape immaculate ; wings apically infumate.

12. Iviea, Cam. $.

(23) 24. Thorax broadly and scape below black ; wings hyaline.

13. curtispina, Cam <J.

i. Acanthojoppa schizaspis, Cam.

A. schizoaspis, Cam., Entom. 1902, p. 110, $; A. schizaspis, Cam.,
Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 73.*

Described from the Khasi Hills ; I have also seen it from
Mergui in Lower Burma (Doherty) and Sikkim (Berlin Mus.).

* Closely related to the present species and certainly congeneric,
though differing in its smaller size, narrower temples, basally elevated
clypeus. continuous basal nervure, broader discoidal cell, much less
excavate frons and deeper gastrocoeli, is Cryptus praepes, Bingham
(Ann. Nat. Hist, xvi, 1895, p. 445), from Cape Engano in the Philippine
Islands, as I am enabled to state from an examination of the female
tpye in the British Museum.

92 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

2. Acanthojoppa flavidorbitalis, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 185, ?.

The type in the British Museum is only to be distinguished
from A. schizaspis by its apical scutellar structure and the
slightly more prominent centre of the frons ; other dis-
tinctions in Cameron's two descriptions are simply those
of wording. Described from the Domdani Valley of Middle
Tenasserim in October ; besides the type Bingham found
this species in Sikkim ; and Lefroy took females at 7,000 feet
about Mussoorie in October. 1906.

6. Acanthojoppa indica, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, p. 180, <J.

The type is said by its author to be from the Khasi Hills ;
but it is labelled " Darjeeling " in the British Museum.
Gravely took another male at Ghumti near Darjiling at
about 4,000 feet in July, 1911.

9. Acanthojoppa tricolor, Cam.

Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 72, ?.

Described from the Sikkim Himalayas in Col. Bingham's
collection ; this is the only type of the present genus I have
not seen, it is not now in Bingham's collection (Mus. Berlin)
and appears to be lost.

7. Acanthojoppa xanthopsis, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 370, $.

The male differs from the female type in the Oxford Museum
solely in having the antennae black with only a central
white band and no testaceous colouring. I have seen the
species from the Khasi Hills, Margherita in Assam and
Mergui in Lower Burma.

11. Acanthojoppa tinctipennis, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 370, £.

Only a single male in the Oxford Museum has hitherto
been known, from the Khasi Hills ; I have compared with
this a female from India, probably Sikkim, in the Berlin
Museum and am satisfied that it belongs here, since it differs
from the type only in having the antennae centrally
stramineous with both anus and the distinctly exserted
terebra black.

JOPPIDES. 93

CTENOCHARES, Fdrster.

Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 191 ; Joppites, Berth., Ann. Soc. France,
1894, p. 511 ; Celmia, Tosq., Mem. Soc. Belg. 1896, p. 71.

There seems no good purpose served by still dissociating
the first two of these names, in spite of the meagre diagnosis
and typeless condition of the former. Not only has the
correct name of this genus long been a moot point, some-
what arbitrarily concluded in favour of the present by
Schmiedeknecht in Opusc. Ichn., but its position is yet far
from satisfactorily settled. I fail to understand authors, more
especially Kriechbaumer, inserting it among the Joppides,
for the male flagellum is not serrate at least till close to
its apex and there but slightly, that of the female is almost
imperceptibly dilated, the segments are neither aciculate
nor apically produced nor deeply discrete, but most
especially be it noted that the elongate and deplanate
metanotum bears no basal sulcus whatever ; hence it is
left with the single very weak and variable Joppid character
of convex scutellum. If a character of real significance
be needed the basal teeth of the hind claws are conclusive,
these Tosquinet failed to perceive in Ichneumon xanthomelas
— Mem. Soc. Belg. 1896, p. 425; but I certainly do not
consider that, on their account, this genus can be included,
as was done by Dalla Torre, etc.,* in the Listrodromides ,
with which no other feature coincides. For my own part,
I still maintain the opinion expressed five years ago (Entom.
1910, p. 170) that it is most natural in the Platyurini ;
nevertheless it is now treated of for the sake of convenience
in the present position. The generic name Pseudojoppa,
Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 4, is a synonym.

TABLE OF SPECIES

(8) 1. Scutellum dull, apically constricted : apophyses distinct.

(7) 2. Areolet distinctly broad above ; gastrocaeli not white.

(6) 3. Vertex and anus not white-marked ; hind tibiae mainly red.

(5) 4. Wings apically infumate ; mesonotum entirely deep red.

1. instructor, Fab.

(4) 5. Wings hyaline ; mesonotum black with white vittae.

2. testacea, Szepl.

* Henry L. Viereck " fixes " Ctenochares testaceus, Szepligeti, 1908,
as type of that genus, which he says (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1914, p. 39)
contains " no species," though this statement is surely incompatible
with Schmiedeknecht's remarks at Opusc. Ichn. p. 256, made so
long ago as 1903-4.

94 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(3) 6. Vertex and anus white-marked ; hind tibiae totally black.

3. blandita, Tosq.
(2) 7. Areolet constricted above ; second segment basally white.

4. madecas8a, sp. n.
(1) 8. Scutellum shining parallel -sided ; apophyses wanting.

5. vigilator, Fab.

i. Ctenochares instructor, Fab.
Ichneumon instructor, Fab., Ent. Syst. n, 1793, p. 154.

Coquebert in recording this species " habitat in Barbaria "
(Illust. Iconog. Ins. 1801, p. 49, pi. xi, fig. 8) simply quotes
Fabricius ; Brulle's Ichneumon xanthomelas (1846, p. 295)
was from Algeria, and Lucas figures it thence, and the
Joppa apicalis, Brulle (1846, p. 295) from Cape Colon}' ;
cf. also Kriechbaumer in Ent. Nachr. 1889, p. 206, where it
is recorded from Greece, the Balaearic Isles and its relation-
ship to Psilomastax much exaggerated. I have already
called attention to Guerin's excellent figure of an Abyssinian
example and Berthoumieu in 1894, knew it from Italy,
and Spain, adding (Ann. Soc. France, 1897, p. 352) Egypt,
and Provence, while (lib. cit. 1896, p. 393) he somewhat
effectually attempts to establish two species. Tosquinet
(Mem. Soc. Belg. 1896, pp. 71 et 425) knew it from
Algeria, Italian Somaliland, Georgetown and the Cape.
In coll. British Museum are European specimens from
Spain in 1902 (Cameron), Sicily in 1879 (Frederick
Smith coll.), Zante in May, 1889 (Schiemedeknecht) ; and
from Africa at Harrar in Abyssinia (Turner coll.) ; British
East Africa from Tiriki in northern Kavirondo at 5,200
feet on 20th May, 1911, south-east slopes of Mount Kenya,
6,500 feet February, 1911 (Neave); several in Uganda
on Mount Kokandjero to the south-west of Elgon at about
5,000 feet August, 1911, and in the Tero Forest to the
south-east of Buddu at 3,800 feet (Neave) ; as well as at
Entebbe on 4th and 12th June, 1913 (C. C. Gowdey) ;
south-east Congo at Kambove in Katanga June, 1907, at
about 4,500 feet (Neave) one $ ; Algeria and a male from
the Cape (Frederick Smith coll.).

2. Ctenochares testacea, Szepl.
Ctenochares testaceus, Szepl., Kilim.-Meru. Exped. 1908, p. 52.

I leave this species in this genus for the present, since it
agrees in all the essential details, notably in its flagellar
structure, cushion-shaped and margined scutellum and

JOPPIDES. 95

evenly punctate abdomen with none of the segments at
all produced ; and yet differs so markedly in its posteriorly
broad head, deplanate face with minute clypeal foveae,
cylindrical basal flagellar joints, obsoletely sculptured
metanotum with fine but complete carinae and semilunate
areola, the shagreened postpetiole, obsolete gastrocoeli,
transverse penultimate joint of the hind tarsi and lack of
all alar infumescence. The colour, too, is very different
from that of its congeners, since it is pale testaceous with
only the flagellum except a broad discal white band, the
frons and vertex except laterally to occiput of the stramineous
head ; the mesonotum except two stramineous discal
vittae, the lateral scutellar and postscutellar carinae, terebra,
and an indefinite mark in the external and dentiparal areae,
black. The scutellum, postscutellum and remainder of
pro- and meso-thorax are stramineous, with stigma piceous
and basal nervure exactly continuous through the median.
Length, 9 mm. $ only. The only example in the British
Museum was taken by Neave between the Seziwa River
and Kampala in Uganda at 3,500-3,750 feet between 27th-
31st August, 1911.

3. Ctenochares blandita, Tosq.

Celmis blandita, Tosq., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 72 ; lib. cit.

p. 425, $.

Tosquinet describes the female only from Algerian material
in the Berlin State Museum ; I have seen a score of this
species, of which the male differs only in having the facial
orbits, large lateral clypeal marks and apices of the
mandibles, also pure white. These were taken as far south
as the Upper Luangwa River in north-east Rhodesia early
in August, 1910, and in the valley of the Ruaha River in
German East Africa in the middle of December, 1910, by
Neave ; at Sterkfontein in the Transvaal in 1899 (H. P.
Thomasset) ; Salisbury in Mashonaland in February, 1900
(Guy Marshall) ; at Ukamba on the Tiwa River in British
East Africa in January, 1912 ( S. W. J. Scholfield) ; at
Samburu during November, 1896 (C. S. Betton) and Kisumu
at Port Florence during April, 1911 (Neave), in British
East Africa ; in Nyasaland at Blantyre at about 3,000 feet
in April, 1910 (Neave) ; and in Uganda at Mabira, Lake
Kiogo, Victoria Nyanza, Mpanga Forest, Kafu River,
Entebbe (Neave) and during July, 1912, in the Tero Forest
(C. C. Gowdey). The pure white capital and anal markings,

96 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

black bind tibiae and (at least in ^) abdomen, amply dis-
tinguish this species from the last; though every detail
of structure, and especially that of the basally pectinate
tarsal claws, is identical.

4. Ctenochares madecassa, sp. n.

A form of C. blandita, sufficiently distinct to merit specific
rank in its entirely white clypeus, gastrocaeli, apices of the
fourth and fifth abdominal segments ; but particularly
in its continuous basal nervure and laterally subcoalescent
areolet. The male type was captured at Ekongo, on the
south-west coast of Madagascar and received by the British
Museum in 1878 from Mr. Edward Bartlett, of Maidstone.

5. Ctenochares vigilator, Fab.

Ichneumon vigilator, Fab., Spec. Ins. 1, 1781, p. 426, $.

Scutellum deplanate, glabrous and not closely punctate,
with its sides subparallel and apex abruptly truncate ;
facial orbits much more narrowly white and the vertical
dot much smaller than C. blandita ; apophyses, acute in
C. instructor, obsolete in C. blandita, and altogether wanting
in this species which differs in having the metathorax
immaculate black with both scutellum and mesonotum
hardly at all rufescent, though the mesopleurae with the
glabrous (dull in the other spp.) speculum are often rosy ;
the obvious distinction is that the otherwise black abdomen
— in place of having the sixth and seventh segments totally
white, as in C. blandita — has the apical margin of the fifth
alone white. Three males agreeing perfectly in the above
characters inter se, are in the British Museum from Chagwe,
Mabira Forest, Uganda, at fully 3,500 feet, July, 1911, and
at Ilala in the Maramas District of British East Africa,
fourteen miles east of Mumias at 4,500 feet in June, 1911,
(Neave). These three agree in every particular with the
somewhat discoloured $ type hi the British Museum.

STIROJOPPA, Cameron.

Journ. R. Agric. Soc. Demerara, 1911, p. 160.

The type of this genus is in the British Museum,
unfortunately with both the front wings missing ; we must,
consequently, rely upon the author's assertion that Stirojopjm

JOPPIDES. 97

" comes nearest to Pedinopelte " in order to ascertain the
shape of its areolet, which in the description is termed " five-
sided " but in its distinctions " four-angled." It utterly
lacks the abdominal aciculation of Pedinopelte and falls
somewhat naturally into Kriechbaumer's Doryphorae with
smooth abdomen and dilated flagellum ; here the plicate
venter and lack of apophyses associate it with Camarota,
from which the exserted labrum at once distinguishes it. The
single species is

i. Stirojoppa violaceipennis, Cam.
loc. cit. p. 161, $.

Cameron's description is sufficient to characterise this
distinct and black species with the whole of the thorax and
of the scutellum, as well as the basal half of the abdomen,
deep brick red and the anus strongly cyaneous ; the legs
and antennae are immaculate black ; its length is (twice)
correctly given at 17 mm. The unique female is from
British Guiana and has extremely large hind coxal scopulae.

ISCHNOJOPPA, Kriechbaumer.
Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 32.

This genus is instantly recognised by the peculiarly slender
body, resembling, as its author says, that of the Phaeogenid
genus Ischnus, and the conformation of the face which is
conspicuously convex throughout and strongly nitidulous,
with hardly any sculpture and apically exactly continuous
with the basally undiscrete clypeus ; it resembles that of
the Orthopterous genus Stenobothrus to a remarkable extent.
I still restrict the genus to a single species.

i. Ischnojoppa luteator, Fab.

Ichneumon luteator, Fab., Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, p. 222 ; Joppa lutea,
Fab., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 123, $ ; J. rufa, Brulle, Hist. Hym. 1846,
p. 294 (nee p. 275) ; Ichneumon agraensis, Cam., Manch. Mem.
1897, No. 4, p. 13, jj ; cf. Mori. Entom. 1913, p. 220 ; Bodargus
rufus, Cam.

Testaceous and strongly elongate, with both wings and
antennae short ; and only the white-marked anus, with
apices of the hind femora and tibiae, black. Length, 14 mm.

J. H. Fabricius first described this species as " Ichneumon
ferrugineus abdomine apice atro : ano albo," and " Habitat
Halae Saxonum Dom Hybner," in 1798 ; and six years
later in the same words (" Dom. Hiibner "), which were

98 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

copied as applying to a European species by Gravenhorst
in 1818 and 1829. In Ent. Nachr. 1893, p. 153, Kriechbaumer
discovers the Fabrician insect to have come from the
Himalayas and unhesitatingly asserts " Mit dieser Art ist
identisch : Joppa rufa, Brulle." The latter's statement
" Hab. le Bengale ; le Senegal " is sufficiently startling in
the range it gives this species ; but I shall extend it. Just
as the African examples vary slightly from the typical Indian
form in having the anus entirely black and the apices of
their hind femora and tibiae immaculate, so others from
Australia have the anus invariably slightly more broadly
white and not only the whole apical half of the hind femora
and tibiae, but also their tarsi except basally, black ; but
the sculpture is absolutely identical throughout. Very
rarely and more especially in the male the second and third
segments, with the metathoracic disc, are infuscate. I have
examined the type of both Cameron's oriental names.

It is one of the commonest of Indian Ichneumonidae ;
I have seen it from Coimbatore in Madras, where it was
bred from the Pyralid moth, Schoemobius bipunctijer , Walk,
and Samalkota in the same presidency ; Chapra and Pusa
during September, October and December in the original
locality, Bengal ; as far south as Bombay (Wroughton, etc.)
and north as Bhutan and the North Khasi Hills ; from
Lucknow in March, Calcutta in February, Rajshai in
February, Neopalganj on the Nepal frontier in November,
a score from Bangalore, and in Bingham's collection (Mus.
Berl.) are others, said to have come from Sikkim, where
Dr. Waagen had already found it, Ceylon and the Salween
valley of Tenasserim during October. Outside India I
have seen Asiatic examples only from Northern China
(Fortune), Singapore and Province Wellesley (Ridley).

In Australia, Turner captured it at Mackay in Queensland
in November 1893, November 1899, and March 1901. I
expect it to be rare there ; at least it is not comprised in the
Brisbane Museum.

Very little is hitherto known of it from Africa, but the
British Museum has recently acquired a great deal of
material : — Sierra Leone (Morgan, 1842, etc.) ; Congo in
1900 (Andreae) ; Entebbe in August (Gowdey), at Chagwe
in the Mabira Forest at 3,500-3,800 feet, near Kampala at
4,000 feet in July, between Kumi and the north-east shore
of Lake Kioga at 3,400-3,600 feet in August, in the eastern
Mbale District south of Mount Elgon at 3,700-3,900 feet,
on the Kafu River near Hoima at 3,500 feet at the end of
December, on the banks of the Victoria Nile near Masindi

JOPPIDES. 99

Port at 3,400 feet in December ; in Nyasaland between
Fort Mangoche and Cbikala Bonia at about 4,000 feet in
March, in the valley of the South Rukuru River at 3,000 feet
in June, at Mlanje on 13th June, 1913, and in the Shire Valley
on 1st August, 1913. In German East Africa in the Usangu
District in December at 3,500-4,500 feet. In north-east
Rhodesia on the lower Luangwa River at 16-1800 feet in
September. In British East Africa in the Uchweni Forest
near Witu in February, on the southern foot and slopes of
Mount Elgon at 5,100-5,800 feet (Neave) and at Marsabit
in 1912 (Stordy).

MICROSAGE, Kriechbaumer.
Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 5.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(2) 1. Scutellum partly, and second segment entirely flavous.

1. sieberi, Kriech.

(1) 2. Scutellum entirely, and a second segmental mark, black.

2. olfersii, Kriech.

i. Microsage sieberi, Kriech.

loc. cit. p. 33, (J.

Flagellum distinctly serrate ; no segment at all aciculate,
nor laterally strongly discreted ; areolet pentagonal, with its
sides subcoalescent above ; apophyses wanting ; labrum
concealed. Kriechbaumer only knew males of this in-
adequately described genus ; but three specimens of both
sexes found by Bates at Ega and Para on the Amazon agree
so well with his two species that I have little hesitation in
placing them here : they differ solely in their larger size of
fully 15 mm. and their immaculate hind coxal structure.
The head has the buccate cheeks and temples, the prominent
eyes and concave frons of Joppa, but the antennae (though
equally serrate) are longer and stouter ; the mesonotum
is coriaceous with no impressions and the metathorax
remarkable in its length, very gradual declivity, and utter
lack of areae beyond the (often obsolete) small and quadrate
basal area which is apically incomplete and thence emits
somewhat strong lateral carinae, parallel with the not very
strongly impressed metanotal base; the metathorax is
rugose and pilose with the indefinite petiolar area trans-striate
and both large and elongate spiracles ; the scutellum strongly
convex and punctate with its apex exactly truncate, its
basal acclivity (which alone is centrally black) is substriate

h2

100 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

and the sides are margined only at the base where this
ridge becomes abruptly foliaceous. Abdomen subclavate
and gradually explanate to centre of fourth segment ; basal
segment evenly and finely punctate throughout, gradually
explanate to the somewhat prominent spiracles at its apical
third with postpetiole deplanate and but slightly convex
longitudinally at its centre ; the second segment is not
shorter than apically broad, explanate throughout, dull
and coarsely punctate, with the thyridii quite small and
close to the lateral margin ; the three following segments
are twice as broad as long, black with their apical margin
and angles pale, and those of the third are apically sub-
elevated ; terebral valvulae not exserted. Wings are not
infumate, nor the outer radius basally sinuate ; the second
recurrent is emitted beyond the centre of the rarely petiolate
areolet, with occasionally a distinct external nervelet, that
of the discoidal nervure wanting or minute ; the disco-cubital
cell is narrow and parallel-sided ; and the upper basal
nervure but slightly antefurcal. Szepligeti also records
this species from Brazil : province Piauhy.

PROTICHNEUMON, Thomson.

Opusc. Ent. xviii, 1893, p. 1899 ; Amblyjoppa, Cam., Entom. 1902,

p. 108.

The species of this genus are large and handsome insects,
known (says Cameron) by the evenly convex scutellum, flat
and raised, smooth and shining, areola, complete though not
always distinct three basal and five apical metanotal areae,
and the elongate basal flagellar joints. He has described
extremely closely allied specimens as distinct species of
this genus and I believe the four or five placed along with
P. aelvana in the Table of Oriental Species to be conspecific,
as very probably are also the last four ; my distinctions
are drawn from the typical specimens in the British Museum
and Oxford Museum, and in these particular cases hardly
constitute specific rank. I have carefully examined the
genotypical specimen of Cameron's monotypic genus and find
it agrees in every essential particular with that of Thomson,
based upon palaearctic material. The genus seems much
richer in nearctic and especially oriental species. Thomson's
character of the absence or incompleteness of the metapleural
carina between the juxta-coxal and pleural areae in this
genus is a very excellent one and I have successfully tested
it as a distinction from Coelichneumon ; the only form in
which it fails is P. rufiventris, Brulle, which I fancy will find
a more natural position in the genus Ichneumon, s. s.

JOPPIDES. ' 101

TABLE OF PALAEARCTIC AND NEARCTIC SPECIES.

(2) 1. Body nearly entirely testaceous throughout.

1. disparis, Poda.

(1) 2. Thorax and head black ; abdomen mainly red.

(4) 3. Hind tarsi and often their tibiae white-banded.

2. devinctor, Say.

(3) 4. Hind legs not white-banded.

(12) 5. Hind legs totally black throughout.

(11) 6. Body elongate and subcylindrical.

(10) 7. Anterior coxae, etc., not pale beneath.

(9) 8. Segments of abdomen exactly cylindrical ; length 15 mm.

3. meridionalis, Cress.

(8) 9. Segments apically distinctly explanate ; length 25 mm.

4. grandis, BruU6.

(7) 10. Anterior coxae, etc., pale beneath. 5. placidus, Prov.

(6) 11. Body subovate ; juxta-coxal carinae wanting.

6. rufiventris, Brull6.

(5) 12. Hind legs at least partly pale.

(14) 13. Mesosternal lateral tubercles large ; capital markings.

flavous. 7. fusorius, Linn.

(13) 14. Mesosternal tubercles small ; capital markings white.

(18) 15. Hind tibiae partly black ; $ hind coxae scopuliferous.

[8. jesperi, Hlmgr.]

(17) 16. Postpetiole striate ; apices of hind tibiae alone black.

9. pisorius, Linn,

(16) 17. Postpetiole rugose ; most of hind tibiae black.

10. erythrogaster, Ste.

(15) 18. Hind tibiae immaculate fulvous ; ? hind coxae nude.
(20) 19. Speculum nitidulous ; scutellum black.

11. persicus, sp. n.

(19) 20. Speculum dull ; scutellum flavous.

12. fuscipennis, Wesm.

i. Protichneumon disparis, Poda.

Sphex disparis, Poda, Ins. Mus. Graec. 1761, p. 107 ; Ichneumon
flavatoriiis, Fab., Ent. Syst. rv, 1794 p. 456 et Grav.

Not a typical species of this genus, yet agreeing in all
essential characters. A specimen, named by Gravenhorst
but doubtfully indigenous (though recorded from Britain
by Stephens), is in the British Collection ; the General
Collection contains a female from Switzerland (Bucheker
coll.), a pair from France (T. A. Marshall coll.), several from
Germany (Ruthe coll.) and Anninger wald 1887 (Thomas) ;
I have also seen it from Polish Ukraine.

102 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

2. Protichneumon devinctor, Say.

Ichneumon devinctor, Say, Amor. Ent. n, 1825, p. 48 ; I. tibialis,
Brull6, 1840, p. 301.

Remarkable for the white-banded hind tarsi and female
tibiae, which latter in the male are externally white before
their base only. Rev. T. A. Marshall had females from the
United States from Riley and in 1859 W. S. M. D'Urban
sent this species from Canada, whence it is known to occur
so far south as Colorado. Males in the British Museum
are from Canada in 1852 and several from Hudson Bay in
1844, labelled with the suggestive MS. name " Ichneumon
Vanessiphagus," though the species has never yet been
recorded as bred.

3. Protichneumon meridionalis, Cress.
Ichneumon meridionalis, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 12.

The contrast between the closely and confidently punctate
mesonotum with the coarsely rugose scutellum and metathorax
of this species is very remarkable, as also to a less extent is
the subquadrate areolet, which is identical in shape with that
of Coelichneumon maurator, Brulle. It was first described
from Cuba and subsequently (Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873,
p. Ill) taken in Mexico at Orizaba and Mirador. Cameron
gives a good figure of the male (Biologia Centr.-Amer.
1888, pi. vii, fig. 2) and adds to its range Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Several of the latter
specimens are in the British Museum, together with a good
series, subsequently captured by Gaumer and Smith at
Temex, Atoyac, Teapa and Fortin in Mexico between
February and May.

4. Protichneumon grandis, Brulle.
Ichneumon grandis, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. rv, 1846, p. 300, $.

It is the largest species of Ichneumon (sensu latissimo) from
the United States, and unique in its totally black legs with
only the front tibiae laterally flavidous. Originally recorded
from Philadelphia in Serville's collection. Cresson (Proc.
Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, pp. 161, 178), describes the
sexes as new under the names Ichneumon ambiguus from
Pennsylvania and Ichneumon regnatrix from Pennsylvania,
Delaware and Virginia. A Coloradan form of the female
is differentiated (lib. cit. 1865, p. 255) by the same
author ; and later (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 173), he

JOPPIDES. 103

synonymises both his names with that of Brulle and adds
Georgia, New York, Massachusetts and Canada to its
distribution. In the British Museum is a male, taken in
Virginia on 9th July, 1882 and a female found by Doubleday
in Georgia. Cresson gives the extreme length at an inch,
but I have seen it longer, and Brulle's var. was 28 mm.

5. Protichneumon placidus, Prov.
Ichneumon placidus, Prov., Natural. Canad. vu, 1875, p. 76.

I fancy this male is merely a colour form of P. devinctor,
with the anterior coxae more or less broadly, a humeral
line, etc., white. No female as yet has been ascribed to it ;
and it is only known from Canada, though in the British
Museum is an example from Miss Phipson, labelled " United
States."

6. Protichneumon rufiventris, Brulle.

/

' Ichneumon rufiventris, Brulle, Hist. Hym. 1846, p. 301.

Similar to P. grandis but much smaller and, besides the
distinctions given by Cresson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877,
p. 173), with the petiolar area so long and the areola so
strongly transverse as hardly to allow of its reception in
the present genus ; its outline is similar to that of female
Anisobas, but the hypopygium is remote from terebral base,
the metathoracic spiracles are linear, the tarsi not pectinate
and the comparatively deeply impressed postscutellar sulcus
render its position elsewhere at present inadvisable. It is
common from Canada to California, though a couple of
females from Monacknock in New Hampshire, with males
from Canada and Hudson Bay, alone represent it in the
British Museum. Scudder gives a good figure of the male
(Butterflies of the United States, 1889, pi. lxxxviii, fig. 1)
and remarks {I.e. p. 1875), that it frequently preys upon
Vanessa huntera and V. cardui (cf. Canad. Entom. July, 1881),
as well as once upon Aglais milberti. Smith had both sexes
from Nova Scotia ; and H. Edwards took it about 1884
in the Mount Shasta district of California.

7. Protichneumon fusorius, Linn.
Ichneumon fusorius ,~Lum. Faun. Suec, ed. 11, 1761, p. 401 (necWesm.).

By no means common and much mixed, in collections
with P. pisorius, from which the large mesosternal tubercles,

104 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

mutic hind female coxae and, in fresh specimens, the flavous
(not white) markings of the head and thorax, will distinguish
it. The few in the British Museum are from Germany and
Zurich, etc., in Switzerland.

8. Protichneumon jesperi, Holmgr.

Ichneumon jesperi, Holmgr., Ent. Tidskr. 1868, p. 43, <J $•

I know nothing of this Swedish species for which
Berthoumieu gives only " Stockholm," and Thomson
" Funnen i nora delen af halfon." The latter distinguishes
it from P. pisorius to which it is " similis et affinis, femina
tibiis posticis fere nigris, antennis haud spiralibus, areola
metathoracis latiore ; mas annulo antennali pallido, fronte
et facie nigra, hac orbita albida, tibiis posticis dimidio basali
stramineo bene distinctus."

9. Protichneumon pisorius, Linn.
Ichneumon pisorius, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, p. 561, 9.

Apparently not common ; France (Marshall), Switzerland
(Bucheker), and Corfu in May, 1887 (Schmiedeknecht), in
the British Museum ; in Frederick Smith's collection is a
female with the second and third segments transversely
impressed, as in Bassus.

10. Protichneumon erythrogaster, Steph.

Ichneumon erythrogaster, Stephens, Illus. Mand. vn, 1835, p. 188, $ ;
/. coqueberti, Wesm., Bull. Ac. Brux. 1848, pp. 144, 355.

Females from Nimrud in Armenia on 18th July, 1908,
taken by Dr. Felix Oswald and in " Alp. Rhati Engadin inf."
by Bucheker have the hind tibiae nearly entirely black,
certainly representing Stephens' " fuscescent, with a slightly
paler tint towards the base on the outside."

11. Protichneumon persicus, sp. n.

This species bears much the same relationship to
P. fuscipennis that the var. dorsoniger, Berth., does to the
typical P. erythrogaster, since it has both thorax and scutellum
entirely black with the stigma and hind tarsi piceous. Here,
however, additional structural distinctions appear to render
it worthy of specific rank ; these consist mainly in the glabrous
and ghttering speculum, the much duller and more closely
punctate scutellum, the larger and less triangular areola,

JOPPIDES. 105

which is so closely and finely aciculate as to be rendered
quite dull, and the much less deeply impressed, though
equally large gastrocoeli. In 1900 the British Museum
acquired fifteen males, all identical inter se, from Senor
M. M. de la Escalera, who took them at Kuh-Sefid in south-
western Persia.

12. Protichneumon fuscipennis, Wesm.
Amblyteles fuscipennis, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux. 1844, p. 138.

By far the commonest European species of the genus ;
I have seen it from France (F. Walker), La Grave in the
Hautes Alpes during July, Prolognan in Haute Savoy in
August, Digne in Basses Alpes in June (Hon. W. Rothschild),
the Pyrenees (Marshall), Germany (Ruthe), Polish Ukraine
(Dr. Dowler, 1843), Switzerland (Bucheker), Carinthia in
Austria in July (Dr. Hartert) and near Kanea in Crete during
July (Miss D. M. A. Bate). Frederick Smith possessed it
from Sicily.

TABLE OF INDIAN SPECIES.

(16) 1. Scape above and most of flagellum black ; head not red-
marked ; wings narrower.

(7) 2. Posterior tibiae and hind trochanters mainly white.

(6) 3. Postpetiole flavous-marked ; anus not cyaneous.

(5) 4. Scutellum laterally excarinate ; areolet broad above.

1. rufobalteatus, Cam., Entom. 1902, p. 108, $.

(4) 5. Scutellum carinate to beyond centre ; areolet narrow above.
2. binghami, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 187, ?.

(3) 6. Postpetiole not flavous marked ; anus distinctly cyaneous.
3. tibialis, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, p. 271, $.

(2) 7. Posterior tibiae red ; hind trochanters not white-marked.

(15) 8. Scutellum normally convex ; abdomen broadly red.

(12) 9. Areola distinctly elongate; basal segment entirely red.

(11) 10. Wings infumate with radial cell basally clouded; petiolar
area laterally pale ; stigma nigrescent.
4. rufipes, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1903, p. 179, <$ {sic $).

(10) 11. Wings clear flavescent throughout ; petiolar area immaculate
black ; stigma fulvous.
5. flavidomatm, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 269, # $.

(9) 12. Areola subtransverse ; basal segment black.

(14) 13. Stigma fulvous ; the sparsely punctate mesonotum and scape,
but not anus, black.
6. rothneyi, Cam., Manch. Mem. 1897, No. 4, p. 6, ? (sic <$).

(13) 14. Stigma black ; the closely punctate mesonotum and scape

pale-marked ; anus black.
7. rufocinctus, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 268, $.

106 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(8) 15. Scutellum very strongly deplanate ; abdomen all black.

8. pieeipennis , n.n. = fuscipennis, Cam. (nee Wesm.j,
Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1903, p. 180, <J $.

(1) 16. Scape and at least base of flagellum ruf escent ; head red ;
wings broader, darker.

(26) 17. Postpetiole subaciculate ; abdomen, except basally, and

whole femora red.

(23) 18. Metanotal costulae entire ; gastrocoeli oblique.

(20) 19. Flagellum basally black ; mesothorax not red-marked.

9. melanoptera, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 80, (J.

(19) 20. Flagellum basally pale; mesothorax mainly ruf escent.

(22) 21. Second segment mainly black ; flagellum basally flavidous.
10. iridipennis, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 188, $.

(21) 22. Second segment not black ; flagellum basally rufescent.

11. variicomis, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 79, $.

(18) 23. Metanotal costulae wanting ; gastrocoeli transverse.

(25) 24. Thorax partly, second segment and flagellar base rufescent.

12. aelvanus, Cam., Manch. Mem. xli, 1897, No. 13, p. 8, $ ;

Entom. 1902, p. 108 ; Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 77.

(24) 25. Thorax, second segment discally and flagellar base black.

13. violaceipennw, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903,
p. 269, <J.

(17) 26. Postpetiole punctate; abdomen, except rarely anus, and
hind femora mainly black.

(28) 27. Vertical orbits not black ; anus fulvous from third segment.

14. rufieauda, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 191, £ ?.

(27) 28. Vertical orbits black-marked ; abdomen immaculate black

throughout.

(34) 29. Areolet broad above ; hind tibiae black.

(31) 30. Areola not transverse ; costulae distinct.

15. ruficeps, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 189, <J.

(30) 31. Areola strongly transverse ; costulae obsolete.

(33) 32. Intermediate femora black-lined fulvous ; scutellum very
coarsely punctate.
16. variipes, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist xn, 1903, p. 370, $.

(32) 33. Intermediate femora black ; scutellum not coarsely punctate.

17. maculiceps, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 190, <J.

(29) 34. Areolet coalescent above ; hind tibiae basally piceous.

18. macidicollis, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 188, (J.

HADROJOPPA, Cameron.

Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1902, p. 396.

" The distinguishing features of this genus are the deeply
incised occiput ; the large, obliquely narrowed temples,
the short dilated antennae and the areola widely separated
from the base of the segment. The post-petiole is larger

JOPPIDES. 107

compared with the petiole than usual ; and the last abdominal
segment shorter compared with the penultimate than in
most Joppini," says Cameron, loc. cit. It is a convenient
division, though not naturally distinct from Protichneumon,
and includes the common palaearctic Ichneumon laminatorius,
Fab., from which the genotype differs in little but its
extensive pale markings.

i. Hadrojoppa annulitarsis, Cam.
loc. cit. p. 397, ?.

This differs from the other two Indian species in having
the metathoracic areola not longer than centrally broad
and in the testaceous stigma. The type was captured by
Colonel Nurse during May, 1897, at Simla, and is in his
collection. A female in the British Museum was found in
India by Baly in 1851 ; and Dr. A. D. Imms, late of Dehra
Dun, has sent it me, taken in May, 1912, at Shamkhet
Kamaon.

2. Hadrojoppa fumipennis, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist, xm, 1904, p. 278, $.

Areola distinctly longer than broad, stigma black ; also
differing from the last species, of which it is probably no
more than a variety, in the sparser abdominal markings ;
and from the next in its curved lower basal nervure and pale-
marked second segment. The undescribed male has the
face entirely pale, the anterior femora entirely flavidous
and is otherwise identical. The type in the British Museum
is from the Khasi Hills of Assam, whence I have seen others
captured in 1906 ; there also are specimens taken on Spiraea
flowers at Shillong in September, 1903.

3. Hadrojoppa forticornis, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 272, $.

The type from Rothney's collection is in the Oxford
Museum, with its thorax badly crushed. It differs from
the first species in its elongate areola and black stigma,
from the second in its straight lower basal nervure and
black second segment. Originally described from Darjeeling
and the Khasi Hills ; in Bingham's collection (Berlin
Museum) are nine examples from Sikkim, one of which was
captured at Tukvar during June, 1897, at 4,000 feet.

108 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

4. Hadrojoppa cognatoria, Smith.
Ichneumon cognatorius, Smith, Tranp. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 287.

Although I have expressed a contrary view (Entom.
1910, p. 12), I am now of the opinion that this insect may
advantageously be separated from H. laminatorius by its
constantly darker wings which are always deeply and
uniformly infumate throughout, whereas in Fabricius' species
they are subhyaline with the apical margin subinfumate
or in the male sometimes nearly hyaline throughout. And
this uniform infumation is constant through the ten
specimens of both sexes in the British Museum, the latest
addition to which is a great female of 25 mm., captured at
Tokio and obtained in 1881 from Mr. E. W. Janson. Two
females from the same source as the type — Japan — are
in Smith's collection.

5. Hadrojoppa laminatoria, Fab.

Ichneumon laminatorius, Fab., Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 220 ; /. proteus,
Christ. Hym., p. 347 ; J. flavitarsis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1873,

p. 389, <J.

Represented in the British Museum from Switzerland,
Germany where it was bred by O. Grant from its usual
British host Chaerocampa elpenor, and the type of Ichneumon
flavitarsis from Japan. [Cf. Albin, 1720, pi. ix ; et Syme
on removal of eggs from Deilephila gallii — when only this
species and Trogus lutorius are recorded — Ent. Wk. Int.
iii, 1858, p. 172.1

ILEANTA, Cameron.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 204 ; cf. Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 575.

Its author remarks (loc. cit. supra) that "if it were not
for the extraordinary structure of the metatarsus this genus
might be included in Ichneumon ; but the hinder tarsi are
shaped quite differently from anything known among the
Ichneumonidae. For anything like its form we have to
go to the saw-fly genus Croesus " ; and there the dilation
is above and not below the normal joint. I have seen few
specimens besides the three female types of this genus, and
find them to differ from Cratojoppa in nothing but the hind
metatarsal conformation, which does not, in all probability,
extend to their males ; consequently I do not anticipate
stability for the latter genus.

JOPPIDES. 109

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Petiole immaculate black ; hind femora and tibiae mainly
red.

(3) 2. Areola cordiform and aciculate ; hind tarsi black.

1. Iatitar8is, Cam.

(2) 3. Areola elongate and glabrous ; hind tarsi black.

2. fulmpes, Cam*

(1) 4. Petiole mainly stramineous ; hind femora and tibiae black.

3. trochanterata, Cam»

i. Ileanta latitarsis, Cam.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 205, figs. 5, 5a, ?.

The type in the Oxford Museum was described from
material in Rothney's collection from the Khasi Hills.

2. Ileanta fulvipes, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 575, $.

Besides the Khasi type at Oxford, I have seen two females
in the Berlin Museum, in Colonel Bingham's collection,
from Sikkim and the Northern Shan States of Upper Burma,
taken during October, 1900.

3. Ileanta trochanterata, Cam.
loc. cit. p. 574, $.

A female in the Calcutta Museum was taken at Margherita
in Assam by Doherty ; a second in the Berlin Museum at
4,000 feet at Thandaung in Tenasserim during April, 1898,
by Bingham ; and the type in the Oxford Museum taken
by Rothney in the Khasi Hills.

CRATOJOPPA, Cameron.
Ann. Nat. Hist, vn, 1901, p. 281.

Head large and posteriorly subbuccate ; face deplanate
and not discrete from the laterally sulcate clypeus ;x labrum
not exserted, cheeks short, eyes internally margined, lower
mandibular tooth the longer. Antennae short and com-
presso- dilated beyond their centre. Metanotum large and
areated with somewhat indistinct and irregular carinae ;
areola extending sublinearly to centre and basally con-
stricted ; spiracular areae bicarinate. Scutellum deplanate,
large and not laterally carinate. Abdominal segments
laterally broadly rounded and not produced ; the second

110 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

and third closely punctate and basally longitudinally
striolate, ventral plica stout on both. Legs stout with the
tarsi spinose ; front tibiae densely spinose and basally
constricted. Wings hyaline ; areolet suboblique and
coalescent above. The metanotal structure of the genotype
is very similar to that of Coelichneumon, though the areola
is very much narrower, sublinear (which I consider the best
distinction of this genus) and pale, like the margin of the
petiolar area. Its author has given us (Entom. 1907, p. 7,
et Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 75) colour differences between
the three Indian species. Cratojoppa rufofemorata, Cam.
(Journ. Straits Branch R. Asiatic Soc. 1905, p. 157) is a
female Aglaojoppa.

I. Cratojoppa robusta, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, vn, 1901, p. 282, ?.

This differs from the three next species in its pale-marked
metathorax, regularly aciculate postpetiole, glabrous areola,
and the entirely pale apices of the abdominal segments.
The type in the British Museum is said (Tijds. v. Ent. 1907,
p. 75) to have come from the Khasi Hills ; and the Berlin
Museum possesses half-a-dozen other females from Sikkini,
one taken by Bingham during April, 1891.

2. Cratojoppa maculata, Cam.
Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 74, $.

Known by its pale-marked metathorax with distinctly
striate areola, regularly aciculate postpetiole and centrally
interrupted abdominal pale bands. The British Museum
has the type from Sikkim (ex coll. Bingham), a female from
Mount Wuchi (Hainan), 13th May, 1903, and a male from
Hong Kong (F. W. Terry). I have also seen it from Mergui
in Lower Burma, from the Assam-Bhutan frontier at
Mangaldai on 26th December, 1910, and a dozen examples
in the Berlin Museum from Sikkim. The male has unusually
elongate antennae, nearly half of which are white ; but in
other respects differs only sexually from the female.

3. Cratojoppa cingulata, Cam.

Entom. 1907, p. 6, <$.

The type in the British Museum was taken at Buxa in
Bhotan by G. C. Dudgeon. It is not a rare species : Dom-
dami Valley in Middle Tenasserim during October, 1894, and

JOPPIDES. Ill

several from Sikkim (Berlin Mus.) ; Mergui in Lower Burma
(Doherty) ; and in the Pusa Collection I have seen the
female from the Shevaroy Hills (4,000 feet) in the Salem
district of Madras. The latter sex differs but slightly in
having the scape black beneath, the fifth segment centrally
pale and the hind tarsi, white in the male, centrally dull
testaceous.

4. Cratojoppa strigosa, sp. n.

Black and stout with stramineous markings and mainly
fulvous legs. Head posteriorly constricted, black with face
(except transversely above clypeus in female), clypeus,
labrum, cheeks and orbits stramineous. Antennae centrally
white-banded and a little longer than half the body, of <§
subfiliform with the scape pale beneath, of $ centrally dilated.
Thorax deplanate, nitidulous and black with prosternum
and pronotum entirely, mesopleurae below, and elongate
callosities both before and below radices, alone pale ; meta-
thorax entirely black with areola only twice as long as broad,
parallel-sided and confluent with the petiolar area, emitting
weak costulae near its base. Scutellum strongly deplanate
and nitidulous, deeply and not closely punctate, with its
sides alone flavous throughout and not at all carinate.
Abdomen elongate-fusiform and black, apically subacuminate
with terebra distinctly a little exserted ; three basal segments
strongly strigose throughout with their apical angles broadly
and apical margin very narrowly, flavous ; fourth segment
basally strigose with its apical margin, like those of the
two following segments, very narrowly white ; seventh
segment, except its black base, concolorous ; hypopygium
remote from terebral base. Legs stout and fulvous with
all the coxae and, except apex of the hind ones, trochanters
stramineous ; hind coxae except basally above and apically
below, hind tarsi entirely with apices of both their femora
and tibiae, black. Wings not broad, with stigma and tegulae
black, and the latter flavous-spotted. Length, 15-16 mm. $ $.

The only species of the genus with entirely black meta-
thorax. A couple of females, comprising the type, and a
male were captured by Col. ,Bingham in Sikkim and are
in the Berlin Museum.

5. Cratojoppa ornaticeps, Cam.
Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soo. 1907, p. 15, ?.

The type and a co-type from Borneo are in the British
Museum, with another female from Sarawak ; it seems to

112 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

differ very slightly from some of the above species in having
the hind femora black nearly to their base, with the abdominal
pale bands nearly as in C. cingulata, type.

AGLAOJOPPA, Cameron.
Ann. Nat. Hist, vn, 1901, p. 381.

This genus comprises that assemblage of species usually
known as the " sugillatorius-grovup " of Coelichneumon, for
which Cameron's title is here retained purely for the sake
of convenience in view of the great number of species already
segregated under that name. Whether Aglaojoppa will
withstand the test of good generic characters remains to be
proved. The metathorax is said by its author to be more
completely areated than in most Joppides to which, however,
it obviously belongs on account of its characteristically
oblique basal sulcus. In the Table of Oriental species only
those known to me are presented ; and here I have considered
the pale markings of the whole body to be constant, which
is by no means likely to be the case through a long series
of specimens ; nearly all the species are described from
single specimens, of which probably many will prove con-
specific. I have seen examples of this genus from Celebes,
You Boi in Hainan and the Philippine Islands.

TABLE OF EUROPEAN SPECIES.

(2) 1. Abdomen elongate-oval ; venter not plicate.

1. bohemani, Hlmgr.

( 1 ) 2. Abdomen subequilateral ; venter distinctly plicate.
(6) 3. Postpetiole apically always white-marked.

(5) 4. Central postpetiolar area double breadth of lateral.

2. decrescens. Thorns.

(4) 5. Central postpetiolar area much narrower.

3. 8ugUlatorius, Linn.

(3) 6. Postpetiole nearly invariably immaculate.

4. cyaniventris, Wesm.

TABLE OF ORIENTAL SPECIES.

(32) 1. Wings normal, femora not clear red ; flagellum basally
black.

(29) 2. No segment fulvous-marked ; wings at most subinfumate.

(16) 3. Abdomen cyaneous ; second segment not linearly black
centrally ; fifth usually pale-marked.

(15) 4. Abdomen with five basal segments pale-marked.

(8) 5. Basal lateral area© apically and scutellum entirely pale.

JOPPIDES. 113

(7) 6. Blue-black ; incisures deep ; femora centrally flavous.

5. flavomaculata, Cam.

(6) 7. Caerulescent-blue ; incisures normal ; hind femora black.

6. caertdescens, sp. n. '-

(5) 8. Basal lateral areae entirely and scutellum centrally black.

(10) 9. Clypeus centrally produced ; hind femora entirely black.

7. iridipennis, Cam.

(9) 10. Clypeus apically truncate ; hind femora not entirely black.

(14) 11. Basal area longer ; petiolar area subpunctate.

(13) 12. Basal metanotal area and all segmental apices pale.

8. basalis, sp. n.

(12) 13. Basal metanotal area and centre of segmental apices not
pale. 9. macvlvpes, Cam.

(11) 14. Basal area shorter ; petiolar area substriate.

10. caerideodorsata, Cam.

(4) 15. Abdomen with at most the two basal segments pale-
marked. 11. nigrocaeridea, Cam.

(3) 16. Abdomen black ; centre of second segment linearly black ;
fifth not pale-marked.

(18) 17. Nervelet obsolete ; mesonotum black ; hind tibiae red.

12. carinisciUis, Cam.

(17) 18. Nervelet distinct ; mesonotum centrally pale-vittate ;
hind tibiae not red.

(20) 19. Gastrocoeli and second segmental line broad ; scutellum

black-marked. 13. macidiscidis, Cam.

(19) 20. Gastrocoeli and second segmental line narrow ; scutellum

entirely flavous.

(26) 21. Face and clypeus immaculate flavous ; metanotum not

flavous to costulae.
(25) 22. Second segment only laterally pale.

(24) 23. Flagellum not white-banded ; mesonotum sparsely punctate.

14. flavolineata, Cam.

(23) 24. Flagellum white-banded ; mesonotum closely punctate.

15. quinquemactdata, Cam. h

(22) 25. Second segment apically pale throughout.

16. latemacvlata, Cam. V

(21) 26. Face and clypeus apically black ; metanotum flavous to

costulae.

(28) 27. Wings slightly infumate, especially at radius ; stigma

piceous. 17. femorata, Cam. A

(27) 28. Wings hyaline throughout ; stigma ferrugineous.

18. maculiceps, Cam.

(2) 29. Two basal segments laterally fulvous-marked ; wings deep
violaceous.

(31) 30. Areola excavate and reticulate ; wings darker ; stigma

black. 19. violaceipennis, Cam. \,

(30) 31. Areola glabrous and not excavate ; wings paler ; stigma
fulvous. 20. quadrvmacnlata, Cam.

114 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(1) 32. Wings ample; hind femora red; base of flagellum often
broadly stramineous.

(36) 33. Abdomen pale-spotted ; hind tibiae and tarsi mainly

stramineous.

(35) 34. Scutellum basally dilated ; areola coriaceous and entire.

21. rothneyi, Cam. ^

(34) 35. Scutellum not dilated ; areola glabrous and apically

incomplete. 22. rufofemorata, Cam. A

(33) 36. Abdomen pale-banded ; hind tibiae and tarsi not
stramineous.

(38) 37. First segment and areola testaceous ; irons punctate.

23. alecto, sp. n.

(37) 38. First segment and areola black ; frons glabrous.

24. sathanas, sp. n.

6. Aglaojoppa caerulescens, sp. n.

A brilliant caerulescent species with pure white markings,
the hind femora entirely black and flagellum of both sexes
white-banded. Length, 16 mm. <£$. At once known
from the remainder of the present genus by the very bright
blue of the whole body, variegated by pure white markings ;
very similar to A. flavomacvlata but with the markings
white, hind femora entirely black, basal scutellar carinae
and basal metanotal areae not pale-marked, areola very
distinct and subquadrate, abdominal segments evenly
cylindrical and not laterally produced at their apices, and the
£ epistoma both elevated and immaculate. Type in the
British Museum. Two males of this beautiful species, the
metallic brilliance of which approaches that of Odontojoppa
metallica, Cam., were captured by Dudgeon at 4,500 feet
in the Kangra Valley in the Punjaub during November, 1899.
Brunetti took the female at 7,000 feet about Mussoorie in the
western Himalayas on 12th August, 1905.

7. Aglaojoppa iridipennis, Cam.
Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 85, $.

Only the female is known. The male differs in having the
antennae hardly longer than half the body, not white-banded,
but fulvous from base to near their apices, in its lack of
mesonotal vittae, and its immaculate black scutellum. The
wings were described as unusually pale, though in the female
type in the British Museum they are somewhat deeply clouded,
with the legs basally red. Darjeeling ; Chapra in Bengal ;
and Mussoorie in the United Provinces. I have seen a male
from Kuranda near Cairns in Queensland, which I believe
to be no more than a form of this species.

JOPPIDES. 115

8. Aglaojoppa basalis, sp. n.

Closely related to A. maculiscutis, Cam., with identical
sculpture, though differing in its obsolete and white metanotal
pubescence, scabrous metanotal base and areola, in having
the basal area centrally flavous and the anterior apices of
all the segments concolorous (rarely the second mainly
black and the fifth only centrally pale) ; the legs are fulvous
with only the hind tarsi entirely, intermediate femora
apically, and the hind ones throughout their apical third,
black ; the hind coxae are discally marked with, and their
black tibiae are centrally, flavous. Length, 12-15 mm.
The pale metanotal area is characteristic of this species.
Common in Australia ; Mackay (Queensland, Turner), and
north-west Australia (French).

ii. Aglaojoppa nigrocaerulea, Cam.
Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 85, ?.

Hitherto only the female known. The male differs from it
in having the outer capital orbits entirely pale ; the flagellum
not white-banded ; the whole mesosternum pale flavidous ;
the postscutellum not entirely pale ; the apical angles of
the second segment flavous ; and the hind coxae discally
black. Only recorded from Darjeeling ; the male in my
collection was taken by Col. Bingham in Sikkim at 4,000 feet
during April 1894 ; Col. Godwin- Austen took a couple of
females in the north Khasi Hills.

13. Aglaojoppa maculiscutis, Cam.
Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 82, <J.

Hitherto only the male known. The female differs from
it in having a broad central discal flagellar band ; the
metanotal areola smaller and finely punctate ; and the
sides only of the postpetiole pale. Known vaguely from the
" Sikkim Himalayas " ; I have described the female from
material in the Pusa Collection, captured by Lefroy at
7,000 feet about Simla during October, 1907.

18. Aglaojoppa rnaculiceps, Cam.
Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 81, $.

Hitherto only the female known. The male differs from
it only in its attenuate flagellum. The type in the British

i2

116 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Museum differs from that of A. femorata in little or nothing
but the lack of a subinfumate cloud at the apex of the radial
nervure, and its slightly paler stigma (c/. Ann. Nat. Hist, xi,
1903, p. 178).

20. Aglaojoppa quadrimaculata, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xii, 1903, p. 365, £ (sic $).

19. Aglaojoppa violaceipennis, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xii, 1903, p. 364, £ {sic $).

Cameron was mistaken in regard to the sex of the types
(from the Khasi Hills) which are in the Oxford Museum.

22. Aglaojoppa rufofemorata, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xn, 1903, p. 363, ?.

Only the female is known. The male differs in having
the postpetiole also laterally pale ; the scutellum from
base to centre internally white ; and the length of the species
varies from 16-19 mm. Khasi Hills (Rothney), Sikkim
(Bingham), Tirvani, Nepal Terai (Warren), Gangapur Pattia
in the Naini-Tal district (Calcutta Museum).

23. Aglaojoppa alecto, sp. n.

A black species with flavous and testaceous markings.
Head posteriorly but little narrower than the eyes with the
closely punctate and quite deplanate face, the undiscrete
and apically truncate clypeus, whole mouth, cheeks and
orbits flavous ; frons glabrous, centrally sulcate and punctate
before ocelli. Antennae attenuate and not very stout,
extending to apex of postpetiole ; piceous, fulvous beneath,
with underside of scape and in $ a central band flavous.
Thorax deplanate, closely punctate and somewhat dull ;
pronotum and a mark before the front coxae, two mesonotal
vittae, elongate callosities before and beneath radices, and
whole mesosternum with lower part of their pleurae, flavous ;
petiolar area except centrally at its apex, dentiparal areae
from shortly beyond the strong costulae, areola with its
confluent basal area, and a lateral callosity sometimes in
$ confluent with the dentiparal mark, flavidous testaceous.
Scutellum not convex and except basally, with its basal
carinae and postscutellum, flavous. Abdomen dull and
confluently punctate, black with basal segment entirely,

JOPPIDES. 117

apical half or in ^ third of the second, apical third of the
third and apical lateral marks on the fourth, testaceous ;
anus and usually the postpetiole apically white ; terebra
not exserted. Legs bright fulvous and basally, often with
disc of hind coxae apically, fulvidous ; hind tarsi, with
apex and sometimes extreme base of their tibiae, nigrescent.
Wings subhyaline, of § distinctly fulvescent with the nervures
peculiarly infumate ; stigma fulvous, radix and tegulae
stramineous ; nervelet obsolete, with that of the second
recurrent nervure strong ; nervellus nearly straight, strongly
postfurcal and intercepted at its lower fourth. Length,
<£ ?, 13-15 mm. The type is in the Pusa Collection ;
described from both sexes taken at Chapra in Bengal.
Bingham has also found it in Sikkim.

24. Aglaojoppa sathanas, sp. n.

A black species, with stramineous markings and red legs.
Head posteriorly narrower than the eyes with the sparsely
and strongly punctate face which is centrally elevated and
there not discreted from the concolorous clypeus, whole
mouth and orbits, stramineous ; frons glabrous and not
centrally sulcate. Antennae not pale-banded ; more slender
and a little longer in $ ; attenuate and piceous, with under-
side of flagellum ferrugineous and of scape stramineous
in both sexes. Thorax nitidulous and obsoletely punctate ;
pronotum with pro- and meso-sternum, two mesonotal vittae
with elongate callosities before and beneath radices, large
apical marks on either side of the petiolar and small ones
in the lateral basal areae, stramineous ; metathorax strongly
punctate and basally smoother with areola shagreened,
entire, basally convex and apically concave, emitting strong
costulae from its centre. Scutellum laterally, with its
basal carinae and postscutellum, stramineous. Abdomen
in the centre confluently punctate and dull with apices
of all the segments, except sometimes the fifth, flavous ;
basal segment often only laterally pale, its postpetiole
strongly and isolatedly punctate, centrally hardly aciculate,
with no carinae ; anus whitish, and terebra not exserted.
Legs fulvous with the anterior basally, and disc of the hind
coxae, stramineous ; hind tarsi, with apices of their tibiae,
nigrescent ; sometimes extreme apices of the hind coxae
and femora, with extreme base of their tibiae, concolorous.
Wings subhyaline with stigma piceous, radix and usually
tegulae flavous ; nervellus quite straight, strongly post-
furcal and intercepted at its lower fourth. Length, $ 2,

118 [CHNEtJMONIDAE.

10-13 mm. I have drawn the above description from
thirty examples, through which the markings are very
constant, captured by Mackenzie at Chapra in Bengal,
contained in the Pusa Collection. Also Bangalore (Calcutta
Mus.) and a dozen examples from Sikkim (Berlin Mus.).

TABLE OF CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES.

(8) 1. Apophyses obsolete or wanting.

(5) 2. Metanotum rugose with areola longitudinally carinate on

either side.

(4) 3. Head large, posteriorly buccate ; metanotal costulae not
pale. 25. opiniosa, Cam.

(3) 4. Head small, posteriorly narrow : metanotal costulae flavous.

26. apicicarinata , sp. n.

(2) 5. Metathorax trans-striate, with areola not longitudinally
carinate.

(7) 6. Abdomen normal, evenly and finely punctate ; pale vertical
dot large. 27. suffraganea, Cam.

(6) 7. Abdomen very dull, closely coriaceous : vertical orbits

evenly pale throughout. 28. cholula, Cress.

(1) 8. Apophyses strongly and elongately acuminate.

(10) 9. Postpetiole evenly and deeply punctate ; hind femora
testaceous. 29. valladoledensis, Cam.

(9) 10. Postpetiole subglabrous ; hind femora black -lined white.

30. subseciva, Cam.

25. Aglaojoppa opiniosa, Cam.

Ichneumon opiniosus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p. lfifi,
pi. viii, fig. 11, $ (sic 2) ; I- yucatanensis , Cam. lib. cit., p. 168, pi. viii,

fig. 8, ?.

The type of I. opiniosus, in the British Museum, is a
male, not $ as given by its author ; it is from Valladolid
in Yucatan, as also is the type of the /. yucatanensis, also in
the National Collection.

26. Aglaojoppa apicicarinata, sp. n.

A bright flavous species with the vertex, the scape, disc
of meso- and of meta-notum mainly, the basal half and apical
margin of the five first segments, along with apical half of
the hind coxae, femora and tibiae, and of the subnodulose
flagellum, black. Segments convex, closely punctate and
well discrete ; stigma and all the nervures pale fulvous ;
metanotum black with the elevated sides of the apically
incomplete areola continued straightly to the hind coxae,
shortly before Avhich they are foliaceously elevated in a

JOPPIDES. 119

manner elsewhere unknown to me among Ichneumonidae ;
these two lines are connected by a transverse one at their
base and emit strong costulae to the supraspiracular carhia ;
all these lines are brilliant flavous, contrasting sharply with
the dull black ground-colour. $ only. This distinct species
was taken by M. Salle on the Volcan de Orizaba and in
1856 the British Museum acquired the type.

27. Aglaojoppa suffraganea, Cam.

Ichneumon suffraganeus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885,
p. 165, $ {sic ?).

The type in the British Museum is a male, as might be
supposed from the figure (Biol. Centr.-Amer. pi. viii, fig. 13),
not female as indicated by the author ; Champion captured
it at Zapota in Guatemala and it still remains unique.

28. Aglaojoppa cholula, Cress.

Ichneumon cholula, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. n, 1868, p. 5, $ ;

cf. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 119 ; I. democraticus, Cam., Biologia

Centr.-Amer. 1885, p. 167, $.

Cameron's females in the British Museum from San
Geronimo vary considerably in the extent of their abdominal
and metathoracic black markings. Cresson's female was
from Cordova. There is also in the British Museum a single
male with the abdominal segments well discrete, but the
very distinct coriaceousness of their surface is identical
with that of the female, as are the metathoracic markings
and discally black-lined hind femora ; this male was
captured about 1856 by M. Salle on the volcano of Orizaba.
Females with the abdomen both spotted and banded were
subsequently discovered with some frequency by H. H. Smith
in Guerrero at Xucumanatlan at 7,000 feet, in July, Omilteme
at 8,000 feet in August, Amula at 6,000 feet in September,
and Venta de Zopilote at only 2,800 feet in June, as well as
at Cuernavaca in Morelos during the same month. This is
an extremely remarkable species in its discally angled post-
petiole, but especially in the fact of the female having the
underside of the petiole black and very strongly trans-
striate, with the hitherto overlooked feature of a deep cleft
on the outside of the hind tibiae, elsewhere unknown to me
in Ichneumonidae.

120 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

29. Aglaojoppa valladolidensis, Cam.

Ichneumon valladolidensis, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885,
p. 167, pi. vii, fig. 9, ?.

The figured type was taken by Gaumer at Valladolid in
Yucatan, and is in the British Museum.

30. Aglaojoppa subseciva, Cam.

Ichneumon subsecivus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p.
168, pi. viii, fig. 7, 6*-

This male, and the last species which I cannot believe
to be the other sex though extremely similar, have elongate
apophyses, like those of the Indian Mesostenid genus Gotra,
Cam. Champion captured the type at Cubilguitz in Vera
Paz and with it in the British Museum is another male,
found by M. Salle about 1856 on Orizaba.

COELICHNEUMON, Thomson.
Thorns., Opusc. Ent. xvm, 1893, p. 1901.

TABLE OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES.

(4) 1. Tibiae broadly white-marked.

(3) 2. Scutellum apically white ; $ scopulae distinct.

1. fuscipes, Gmel.

(2) 3. Scutellum black ; scopulae wanting. 2. periscelis, Wesm.

(1) 4. Tibiae not white-marked (excepting $ of No. 7).

(6) 5. Body very stout ; postpetiole rugose ; legs all red.

3. rudis, Fonsc.

(5) 6. Body slenderer ; postpetiole aciculate ; legs partly black.

(36) 7. Central segments basally depressed and flat.

(13) 8. Scutellum entirely or half white, its basal carinae immaculate
black.

(10) 9. Capital vertex broad ; stigma fulvous.

4. sinister, Wesm.

(9) 10. Capital vertex distinctly narrow ; stigma infuscate.

(12) 11. Legs mainly bright red ; mesonotum pale-bivittate.

5. dorsisignatus, Berth.

(11) 12. Legs black ; mesonotum immaculate. 6. leucocerus, Grav.
(8) 13. Scutellum rarely white at extreme apex, its basal carinae

very often pale.
(23) 14. Petiole thrice longer than apically broad ; scutellar carinae

immaculate.
(18) 15. Clypeus apically truncate; incisures red; $ scopulae

distinct.

JOPPIDES. 121

(17) 16. Legs not, and abdomen with at most incisures, red.

7. comitator, Linn.

(16) 17. Legs, and the stout $ abdomen, nearly entirely red.

8. rvbens, Fonsc.

(15) 18. Clypeus apically bisinuate ; incisures not red; scopulae

wanting.
(22) 19. Areola subquadrate ; legs mainly black ; ? flagellum

compresso -dilated.

(21) 20. Areolet broad above ; flagellum of $ black.

9. derastts, Wesm.

(20) 21. Areolet deltoid ; flagellum of <J red beneath.

10. bilineatws, Gmel.

(19) 22. Areola hexagonal ; legs mainly red ; $ flagellum subfiliform.

11. consimilis, Wesm.

(14) 23. Petiole twice longer than apically broad ; scutellar basal

carinae pale.
(35) 24. Antennae of ? white-banded ; clypeus of $ apically

subsinuate.

(32) 25. Areolet pentagonal ; <$ face black-marked ; $ coxae

scopuliferous.

(27) 26. Abdomen blue-black throughout, not red-marked.

12. lineator, Fab.

(26) 27. Abdomen at least in part rufescent.

(29) 28. Areola subquadrate ; anus alone rufescent.

13. ruficauda, Wesm.

(28) 29. Areola subelongate ; abdomen mainly red.

(31) 30. Gastrocoeli suboblique. 14. microatictus, Grav.

(30) 31. Gastrocoeli transverse. 15. liocnemis, Thorns.

(25) 32. Areolet subdeltoid ; o* f&ce entirely white ; $ coxae not
scopuliferous.

(34) 33. Abdomen blue-black ; second segment basally striate.

16. albicillus, Grav.

(33) 34. Abdomen black ; base of the second segment finely

punctate. 17. moestus, Grav.

(24) 35. Antennae of ? all black ; clypeus of $ apically rounded.

18. impressor, Zett.

(7) 36. Central segments not or hardly basally deplanate.

19. castaneiventris, Grav.

The British Museum possesses most of the commoner
species. Thus C. fuscipes is represented from Switzerland
and Germany, as well as by a female which was captured
by Fortune in Northern China and acquired in 1854. C. rudis
was originally described vaguely as one of the Ichneumons
" qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix." The stout con-
formation of the whole body, buccate cheeks and rugose
postpetiole render it very distinct. It is a Mediterranean
species, extending as far north as Germany ; it is also known

122 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

to occur in Spain and Algeria ; Col. Yerbmy presented
both sexes which he found at Mount Estoril near Lisbon
(19th-29th March, 1896) and Rothschild, who had already
taken the male in Algiers Town in May, 1908, gave the
British Museum a fine series from Algeria captured during
the first half of May, 1912 ; my own specimens are from
Vigo in the middle of June, 1906 (Dr. T. A. Chapman) and
Hyeres during March, 1903 (E. A. Elliott). C. sinister is
represented by a series of females found in Switzerland
by Bucheker on 28th July. C. dorsosignatus (Berth., Ami.
Soc. France, 1894, p. 564, <$ $) is a stout species with its
conspicuously pale mesonotal vittae, scutellar apex and
basal carinae ; it is known only from the Ural Mountains
and Transcaspia. Escalera captured a male, now in the
British Museum, at Sefid in south-west Persia during 1900.
< '. levcocerus is from the same source in both sexes ; I have
seen several males of this species, captured during July,
1906 at St. Bees in Cumberland. C. comitator appears
extremely rare in Britain, but Harwood has found it about
Colchester ; John Berkenhout's record (" Outlines of the
Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland," 1769, Vol. i,
p. 164), " in Wasps' nests " must refer to some other species ;
in Switzerland it is found, like those in the British Museum
thence, between the end of August and first week in October.
C rubens is a south European species, also first described
from Provence ; I had always supposed it to be a Protich-
newmon till M. Jules de Gaulle was so good as to allow me
to examine the specimens in his collection " provenant de
Serres basses alpes, et de St. Germain ; cette derniere
localite n'est certainment pas le St. Germain pres a Paris
mais une localite plus meridionale ; " and these quite certainly
belong to Coelichnenmon, a large and dull species. C. derasus
is represented in the British Museum from Zurich ; Harwood
once bred it many years ago from Cambridge Plusia festucac.
C. consimilis is not uncommon in Britain ; Da vies took
it at St. Issey in Cornwall at the end of July, 1906, on a wall,
for its association with which, cf. E. A. Cockayne's interesting
note in the Entomologist, 1908, p. 16. C. lineator is repre-
sented in the National Collection both by the type form
and var. ferreus, Grav. C. microstictus has a very broad
range : Harwood took it about Colchester in 1901 and in
the British Museum is a long series from Kuh Sefid and
Baruft in south-west Persia, captured by Escalera. C. lioc-
nemis is from Germany (Ruthe), and females from Aries
(Marshall, who mistook them for Amblyteles melanocastanus ,
Grav. !). For the authenticity of British C. albicillus,

JOPPIDES. 123

cf. Entoni. 1910, p. 169. C. impressor, see my note loc. cit. ;
I believe Ichneumon raptorivs, Don., Brit. Ins., Vol. ii,
pi. xlii., fig. 2 (nee Linn.) to be synonymous with this species.
There is little room for doubt that Ichneumon centum-
maculatus, Chr., /. falsificus, Wesm., with its var. urticarum,
Hlmgr., /. tenuitarsis, Thorns., /. biannulatus, Grav., /.
coactus, Thorns, and I. truncatuhis, Thorns., all of which are
unknown to me, also belong to the genus Coelichneumon.

TABLE OF INDIAN SPECIES.

(10) 1. Postpetiole immaculate; intermediate femora not white-

marked ; wings usually hyaline.

Basal nervure not continuous ; face laterally pale throughout .

Dentiparal areae punctate ; antennae centrally white.

Areolet somewhat broad above ; hind femora red.

26. rufofemoratus, Cam.

Areolet subcoalescent above ; hind femora not red.

27. austeni, Cam.

6. Dentiparal areae trans-striate ; antennae not white-marked.

28. striatua, Cam.

Basal nervure continuous ; face immaculate black or
cyaneous.

8. Areola not longer than broad ; petiolar area evenly
coriaceous. 29. nigrocaerideus. Cam.

Areola longer than broad ; petiolar area entirely striate.

30. caertdeicandis, Cam.

(1) 10. Postpetiole partly, and intermediate femora apically,
white ; wings infumate.

(12) 11. Areolet broad above; scutellum and second segment not

pale-marked. 31. caeruleus, Cam.

(11) 12. Areolet coalescent above: scutellum, and apex of second

segment flavous-marked.

(16) 13. Costulae entire; second segment laterally pale; antennae
not white-marked.

(15) 14. Cyaneous ; face centrally and hind coxae not pale.

32. albinotatus, Cam.
(14) 15. Black ; face entirely and disc of hind coxae white.

33. albipilosellus, Cam.

(13) 16. Costulae wanting ; second segment centrally pale ; antennae

centrally white-marked. 34. renovatus, Mori.

26. Coelichneumon rufofemoratus, Cam.
Cyanojoppa ru/ofemorata, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1903, p. 9, ?.

The type of this species, which I have examined in Col.
Nurse's collection, differs in nothing but specific characters

(7)

2.

(6)

8.

(5)

4.

(4)

5.

(3)

6.

(2)

7.

(9)

8.

(8)

'.I.

124 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

from Coelichneumon lineator and there can be no doubt
respecting the synonymy of these genera. Simla (Nurse),
Sikkim at 4,000 feet in April, 1894 (Bingham).

27. Coelichneumon austeni, Cam.

Ichneumon godunn-austeni, Cam., Manch. Mem. xu, 1897, No. 13,

p. 8, ?.

A common species in the Khasi Hills, Assam, whence I
possess it from Shillong.

28. Coelichneumon striatus, Cam.
Gyanojoppa striata, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, p. 176, <$.

Khasi Hills (Rothney, type in the British Museum) ;
Darjiling (Fruhstorfer ; in Mus. Berlin).

29. Coelichneumon nigrocaeruleus, Cam.
Gyanojoppa nigro-caerulea, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1903, p. 12, <J $.

A broken female of the present genus in the British Museum
is labelled by Cameron " nigrocoerulea, type Darjeeling,"
but it bears no relationship to his description. Khasi Hills
(Rothney's type), Naini Tal, Kumaun in the western
Himalayas in June 1893 (Calcutta Mus.).

30. Coelichneumon caeruleicaudis, Cam.
Gyanojoppa caeruleicaudis, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1903, p. 10, $.

The type of this species, which has the scutellum apically
white-dotted on one side only, is in the Oxford Museum.
Khasi Hills (Rothney coll.).

31. Coelichneumon caeruleus, Cam.
Gyanojoppa caerulea, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, p. 175, <J (sic $).

Cameron mistook the sex of his type, now in the British
Museum. Khasi Hills (Cameron coll.).

32. Coelichneumon albinotatus, Cam.
Gyanojoppa alhonotata, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, p. 176, $.

Only the male, in the British Museum, is known. Khasi
Hills (Cameron coll.).

JOPPIDES. 125

33. Coelichneumon albipilosellus, Cam.
Coelichneumon ? albopilosellus, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 245, <$.

This and the next species, from which its author mainly
distinguishes it by the apical discretion of the basal metanotal
areae, are the only two Indian species of which I have not
seen the types ; both seem lost and were from Sikkim.

34. Coelichneumon renovatus, n. n.

Coelichneumon bilineatus, Cam., Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 244, <J

(nee Gmel-).

TABLE OF NEW WORLD SPECIES.

This includes Cresson's three tables of the nearctic species
to the " north of Mexico," of his " descriptions of Mexican
Ichneumonidae " of 1873 and his " Hymenoptera of Cuba "
of 1865 ; we also have descriptions from Canada by
Provancher and by Cameron from Central America ; but
no systematic account of those few at present known to
occur in South America. The following is based upon the
characters of the above synopses which are often somewhat
superficial ; and only those kinds with which I am personally
acquainted are given. I have not particularly noted the
scutellar elevation.

Abdomen brilliant metallic blue or green.

Scutellum entirely stramineous ; basal half of hind tibiae
pale. 35. proper atus, sp. n.

Scutellum and hind tibiae not so coloured.

Sides of the scutellum white.

Blue ; legs not red ; 6* hind tibiae partly white ; North
America.

Metathorax and the hind femora broadly white.

36. pulcher, Brulle.

Metathorax not, and only <J femora narrowly, white.

37. caeruleu8, Cress.

Green ; legs sometimes ferrugineous ; 6* hind tibiae
immaculate ; Mexico.

Metanotal areola apically concave ; stigma black.

38. viridis8vmu8, sp. n.

Metanotal areola apically truncate ; stigma pale.

39. virescens, Cress.

Scutellum entirely black throughout. 40. chalybaeue, Cress.

Abdomen not at all metallic.
(30) 13. Abdomen entirely black or blue-black throughout.
{23) 14. Scutellum partly or wholly pale.

(12)

1.

(3)

2.

(2)

3.

(11)

4.

(8)

5.

(7)

6.

(6)

7.

(5)

8.

(10)

9.

(9)

10.

e . (4)

11.

/J(H)

12.

126 ICHNEUMON1DAE.

(20) 15. Scutellum entirely or apically pale.

(17) 16. Hind tibiae discally white-lined throughout ; wings infumate.

41. vittijrons, Cress.

(16) 17. Hind tibiae not at all white-marked.

(19) 18. Postpetiole apically white ; <J flagellum pale-banded.

42. unifasciatoriu8, Say.

(18) 19. Postpetiole immaculate ; 6* flagellum not pale-banded.

43. agnitus, Cress.
(15) 20. Scutellum pale on both sides only.
(22) 21. Hind tibiae broadly white at their base. 44. navies, Say.

(21) 22. Hind tibiae immaculate black throughout.

45. barnstoni, sp. n.

(14) 23. Scutellum immaculate black.

(25) 24. Flagellum white-banded in both sexes, $ strongly explanate.

46. maurus, Cress.

(24) 25. Flagellum white-banded only in $, of $ only normally
explanate.

(27) 26. Abdomen subcyanescent ; wings not strongly infumate.

47. odio8us, Cress.

(26) 27. Abdomen black ; wings strongly infumate throughout.

(29) 28. Frontal orbits white ; abdomen somewhat strongly punctate.

48. viola, Cress.

(28) 29. Frontal orbits black ; abdomen very closely punctate.

49. malacus, Say.

(13) 30. Abdomen more or less broadly pale or pale-marked.

(40) 31. Abdomen (except rarely petiole) totally rufescent.

(33) 32. Wings nigrescent with the areolet nearly quadrate.

50. maurator, Bmlle.

(32) 33. Wings subhyaline with the areolet pentagonal.

(37) 34. Head distinctly small with the body slender ; hind tibiae

nigrescent.

(36) 35. Scutellum black ; postpetiole irregularly rugose.

51. suffultus, Cam.

(35) 36. Scutellum pale ; postpetiole entirely subglabrous.

52. serricornis, Cress.

(34) 37. Head large with the body broad ; legs fulvous throughout.

(39) 38. Mesonotum pale-bivittate ; metanotum not or hardly pale.

53. sponsatorius, Fab.

(38) 39. Mesonotum immaculate pale ; metanotum broadly pale.

54. W-album, Cress.
(31) 40. Abdomen variegated with flavous and blaok.

(42) 41. Gastrocoeli small ; abdomen finely and densely punctate.

55. zapotecus, Cress.

(41) 42. Gastrocoeli large and deep; abdomen coarsely sculptured.

56. prolixus, Cress.

JOPPIDES. 127

35. Coelichneumon properatus, sp. n.

Brilliant cyaneous with the £, but not $, abdomen dull ;
the scutellum is entirely pale throughout, and the basal
half of the hind tibiae, as well as the outer side of the q
femora, white in both sexes which also have the flagellum
centrally pale-banded. In all other particulars, excepting
the broadly pale face of the ^> it agrees with C. caerulevs,
Cress. Length, 11-15 mm. ^$. Half a dozen in the British
Museum, including the type, are from the Sierra de las Aguas
Escondidas at 9,500 feet and Omilteme at 8,000 feet, in
Guerrero during July.

36. Coelichneumon pulcher, Brulle.

Ichneumon pulcher, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 304 ;
Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vi, 1877, p. 24, excl. $.

I have no hesitation in excluding Brulle's female the
centre of whose face is black, and Cresson's which had its
hind coxae " destitute of the pubescent scopa seen in
caeruleus ; " for here the face is, like that of the male, pure
flavous and the hind coxal scopulae are distinct, though
not large. The pale basal half of both the hind femora
and tibiae is very characteristic of this species. Both sexes
were taken at Omilteme at 8,000 feet and the female at
Xucumanatlan at 7,000 in Guerrero, during July by H. H.
Smith. Formerly it was only known from Canada, New
York and Louisiana.

37. Coelichneumon caeruleus, Cress.

Ichneumon coeruleus, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 149 ;
/. beatus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1885, p. 177, pi. viii,

fig. 17, $.

" Easily known by the beautiful steel-blue colour of the
abdomen, and ornamentations of the whole body," says its
author. It is a widely distributed species ; the British
Museum has a good series from Canada (Smith coll.), West
Canada (Capt. Ibbetson), Hudson Bay (labelled " Joppa,"
Geo. Barnston), New York in 1844 (Edw. Doubleday) and
1889 (Edwards), Colorado in 1891 (Cockerell), the coast of
Maine in 1902 (Danfurth) and a pair sent by Riley to Marshall
from Montana ; it is also recorded from Massachusetts,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Illinois,
Georgia and Texas. I venture to synonymise /. beatus,
though I have not seen the type, which is perhaps in the
Vienna Museum ; it was found by Bilimek at Takubaj^a
in Mexico, the similarity of the figure (loc. cit.) and the

128 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

fact that a second female, now in the British Museum, was
taken by M. Salle at Oajaca in Mexico, differing from typical
C. caeruleus only in having the facial orbits broader, render
their synonymy extremely probable.

38. Coelichneumon viridissimus, sp. n.

A glittering metallic green species with sparse pale mark-
ings and the hind legs immaculate. Not unlike C. caeruleus
but larger, stouter and more coarsely sculptured with the
metanotal areola strongly carinate, the thorax brilliantly
viridescent, the stigma black, all the orbits throughout
as well as the anterior coxae, an apical mark on mesopleurae,
and nearly the whole face, flavous. Length, 15 mm. § only.
Three females in the British Museum were captured by
Herbert Smith at Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas in Guerrero
at 9,500 feet during July.

39. Coelichneumon virescens, Cress.
Ichneumon virescens, Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 126, 2.

Only the female is known, from Mirador in Mexico. In
the British Museum is a male of this species, captured in
Mexico by M. Salle about 1856, which differs only sexually
from Cresson's description ; it is a peculiarly slender
metallic blue -green insect with the legs red and a length of
15 mm., with no pale flagellar band. Here, too, are a couple
of females found by H. Smith at Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas
at 7,000 feet and at Omilteme at 8,000 feet in Guerrero
during July. It is probably a variable species, for the latter
female has the hind legs (only) metallic blue ; and in another
from the same locality in August this peculiarity is combined
with dull red thorax and head.

40. Coelichneumon chalybaeus, Cress.
Ichneumon chalybeus, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vi, 1877, p. 146, 2.

Allied to C. caeruleus, but with no 9 hind coxal scopulae ;
<$ is unknown and the $ only recorded from Massachusetts.
In the British Museum is another female, taken by Cockerell
in the " Campus, north of the college, Boulder, July, 1910,"
in Colorado.

41. Coelichneumon vittifrons, Cress.
Ichneumon vittifrons, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. m, 1864, p. 143, <J.
The female is still unknown. " Wings fuliginous, with
a brilliant purplish reflection," is distinctive, though they

JOPPIDES. 129

are also said to be " sometimes conspicuously hyaline or
subhyaline at base." It is only recorded from Delaware,
Virginia and Georgia ; I have seen it from the United States
in 1845 and from both Belf rage's and Marshall's collections.

42. Coelichneumon unifasciatorius, Say.

Ichneumon unifasciatorius, Sav, Amer. Entom. n, 1825, p. 48 ; /. niger,
Brulle, Hist. 'Nat. Ins. Hym. IV, 302.

A common species through Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,
Maryland, Georgia and Illinois. The British Museum also
possesses it from the coast of Maine (Danfurth) and Canada
(D'Urban).

43. Coelichneumon agnitus, Cress.

Ichneumon agnitus, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 151, $ ;

/. pervagus, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 148, <J ; I. neutralist

Cress., loc. cit., p. 149, $.

In both sexes the scutellum is strongly nitidulous and
deplanate, with fine sparse punctures, and its extreme apex
always black. Apparently uncommon in Delaware, Illinois
and Texas. The postpetiolar pale-markings of the female
are obsolete in the two old unlocalised (probably Georgian)
specimens in the British Museum ; one of the Canadian
males from Nova Scotia (Redman) has the flagellum half
banded with white, but is none of the species showing that
feature in Cresson's tables ; another male seems to have
been taken by Dr. Richardson's expedition. I do not find
that the Californian /. neutralis differs in any way but its
centrally black face ; and males found in North Sonora
by Morrison and at Rinconada in Vera Cruz by Schaus are
otherwise indistinguishable.

44. Coelichneumon navus, Say.
Ichneumon navus, Say, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 1836, p. 229, <J $.

Similar to small examples of C. caeruleus with the scutellum
laterally pale as in that species, but the colour is blue-black,
not conspicuous caeruleous, with the base of the hind
tibiae and tarsi shining white. The male, which I do not
know, " has the face, clypeus and all the coxae entirely
white ; flagellum entirely black." Material in the British
Museum was presented from Ontario in 1889 by Mr. Oliver ;
its range is known to extend thence to Texas.

130 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

45. Coelichneumon barnstoni, sp. n.

A male and female with laterally white scutellum were
sent home from Hudson Bay so long ago as 1844 by George
Barnston, and have not hitherto been named. They belong
to Cresson's first Section (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877,
p. 136) with immaculate black abdomen and hind legs,
white-banded flagellum, subhyaline wings and the <$ face
laterally white ; the $ has no coxal scopulae ; the finely
aciculate postpetiole is not broad, and the head of normal
size. The female differs from his Ichneumon mendax in
its immaculate frontal orbits, etc., and has the head totally
black.

46. Coelichneumon maurus, Cress.

Ichneumon maurus, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 135, $ ;
I. torvinus, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 292, £.

Specimens in the British Museum from Hudson Bay, etc.,
are females ; " a large dull black species " with " antennae
about half the length of the body, black, the ninth to seven-
teenth joints white above, spotted beneath with black,
apical half involute, flattened towards the tip," and in truth
they are as spindle-shaped as in many species of Joppa I have
seen, far more so than in any other Coelichneumon-sipecies,
to which genus it certainly belongs. The male is " a rather
dull black, immaculate species " with pale- banded flagellum,
and I consider the synonymy obvious.

47. Coelichneumon odiosus, Cress.
Ichneumon odiosus, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 145, (J.

Only known from California, where Edwards found the
male in 1889. This is very like Amblyteles montanus, Cress.,
Avhich Barnston captured in the Hudson Bay Territory
(and labelled in MS. Joppa tincta), though much more
roughly sculptured and less cyaneous, with both facial and
frontal orbits white-dotted. In British Museum.

48. Coelichneumon viola, Cress.
Ichneumon viola, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 137, ?.

This species, whose male is yet undetermined, is stout
with broadly fusiform abdomen, strongly infumate wings
and punctate postpetiole ; it occurs from Canada, whence
it is represented in the British Museum, to Texas.

JOPPIDES. 131

49. Coelichneumon malacus, Say.
Ichneumon malacus, Say, Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Philad. 18 28, p. 72, $.

A totally black species with nothing but the female
flagellar band, and the male front tibiae laterally, white ;
wings deeply infumate. Doubtless common ; known from
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Canada,
whence Provancher did not know the male (Faun. Ent.
Canad. Hym. 1883, p. 266). Mr. Herbert Osborn certainly
refers to some other species, under the present name, in
his " Algerian Parasites " (Papilio, ii, 1882, p. 71), for he
describes the frontal orbits as white. I have seen a pair
captured at Boulder in Colorado by Cockerell, on September
2nd and in June ; the undescribed male agrees with its
opposite sex in every way, but the subcylindrical abdomen,
internally pale front tibiae and lack of all trace of pale
flagellar band.

50. Coelichneumon maurator, Brulle.

Joppa maurator, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. rv, 1846, p. 287 ;

Tetragonochora maurator, Kriech., Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 30 ; Ichneumon

insolens, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 302: Joppa canadensis,

Prov. Natural. Canad. 1874, p. 336.

It serves, I think, no good purpose still to attempt to
separate Brulle 's and Cresson's names, with the latter of
which Provancher's has already been sunk. I have seen
material captured in the United States during October, 1882
and named by Professor Riley ; this agrees precisely with
Brulle's 18 mm. species from Carolina and Philadelphia,
excepting in the lesser size of about 15 mm. and would
very naturally have been placed by him under his " especes
dont l'areole est quadrangulaire " for, as a matter of fact,
the areolet is parallel-sided and exactly of the same shape
as that of Joppidium ardens, Cress. The whole facies is so
Cryptoid that I should advocate a position near Joppidium
were it not that I see no trace of lateral mesosternal sulci,
and Cresson, when first describing two females and
fifteen males of /. insolens from Georgia, Florida, Mississippi
and Louisiana, says : " Probably not a true Ichneumon.
Closely allied and congeneric with /. meridionalis , from
Cuba " ; and lib. cit. 1868, p. 91, he is already of the opinion
that it " may be identical " with Joppa maurator, though
it certainly " is not a Joppa" as Provancher was later
(Natural. Canad. x, 1878, p. 361) convinced. Finally,
Cresson left the synonymy as " probable " (Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 1877, pp. 174, et 209) ; and the descriptions agree

k2

132 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

to so absolute an extent that little room is left, I think,
for doubt, especially when we remember of what hetero-
geneous forms Bridle's generic section was composed, and
that Kriechbaumer (Ent. Nachr. 1898, p. 28) pleads
ignorance of this species while tentatively placing it in his
Tetragonochora. If it be not Cryptid, it can only be
Coelichneumon, as is evidenced by the metanotal structure
and deep basal sulcus ; but the subquadrate areolet, black
wings and deeply punctate abdomen (including the post-
petiole, as in Barichneumon) render it so distinct as to be
nearly certainly misplaced here. The hind tarsi are 6 mm.,
and the tibiae 4| mm. in length. This species is said to
have been bred from Vanessa antiopa.

51. Coelichneumon suffultus, Cam.
Ichneumon suffultus, Cam., Biologia Centr.-Amer. Hym. 1884, p. 144.

The unique male from Chiriqui in the British Museum
differs from the last only as indicated by its author.

52. Coelichneumon serricornis, Cress.
Ichneumon serricornis, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 13, <J.

Though this Cuban male has serrate flagellum, the
serrations are as is normal in Coelichneumon and utterly
unlike the basally excised joints of Pristiceros serrarius,
Grav., with the unique British specimen of which I have
compared it. I am a little uncertain of its systematic
position, for the species is slender and its postpetiole certainly
deplanate, as in the Platyurini. For the present, it were
better placed in Coelichneumon, to which the metanotal
structure is sufficiently similar. A couple of males in the
British Museum, captured in St. Domingo and obtained
through Stevens from Mr. Tweedie early in 1855, differ
from Cresson's account {loc. cit.) only in lacking any brunneous
tinge on the thorax and in having the hind tibiae, but not
their entirely stramineous tarsi, nigrescent.

The female I assign to this species is very closely allied
to C. W-album, but smaller and less stout, especially as
regards the flagellum, with the hind coxal scopulae smaller,
the face and hind coxae both entirely pale, with the post-
petiole closely punctate and not apically glabrous. Two
certainly conspecific females were captured, the one by
Tweedie on San Domingo and the other by Bates in Brazil.

JOPPIDES. 133

53. Coelichneumon sponsatorius, Fab.

Ichneumon sponsatorius, Fab., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 59, $ ; /. mexicanus,

Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 2, <J $ ; J. argentipilosus,

Cam., BiologiaCentr.-Amer. 1884, p. 143, o* $ ; Stenichneumon watertoni,

Cam., Journ. R. Agric. Soc Demerara, 1911, i, p. 155.

The distinctions from /. mexicanus given by Cameron
are extremely superficial and the type, with another pair,
of his species in the British Museum agree entirely with
Cresson's account, especially in the peculiar scutellar
structure. Hitherto the species has only been known
from Mexico, Guatemala and Panama. In the British
Museum, however, are examples, differing in no way, from
South America ; and I owe the above interesting synonymy
to a label upon one old specimen among these. The label
bears the single word " sponsatorius " in the handwriting,
as Mr. Chas. 0. Waterhouse assures me, of William Elford
Leach, who died in 1836, sometime Keeper in the British
Museum, and writer of the celebrated article " Entomology,"
in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1815 (Vol. IX,
pp. 57-172 ; reprinted in 1830), which first and for all time
" fixed " the family ICHNEUMONIDAE within the bounds
we observe to-day. I recognised at once that we had at
length reclaimed Fabricius' derelict name, and no doubt
can remain from his description : —

Of the outline of Ichneumon expectatorius. Head black ;
below the scrobes, and the orbits, flavous. Antennae black,
with a broad white fascia. Thorax black with a line on
either side, before the wings, and a dot below the wings,
flavous. Scutellum black with its entire margin, and the
postscutellum, white. Abdomen entirely, and all the legs,
immaculate testaceous ; terebra not exserted.

54. Coelichneumon W-album, Cress.
Ichneumon W-album, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 191.

A typical species of the present genus, with the fulvescent
abdomen and legs of C. sponsatorius combined with profusely
flavous-marked black head and thorax ; the $ hind coxa!
scopulae are very large. The male only was first described
from Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey (loc. cit.).
Its similarity to Ichneumon duplicatus, Say (which I do not
know), is specified, and the female brought forward in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. 309, where Massachusetts
Connecticut, New York, M.D., and Washington, are added
to its distribution. Provancher next described it as new
under the genus Ischnus, corrected by Cresson, lib. cit. 1877,

134 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

p. 179, where the species' range is restricted to Canada and
thence Mr. D'Urban has presented it to the British Museum ;
the synonymy was confirmed by Provancher in 1878 and
1883.

55. Coelichneumon zapotecus, Cress.
Ichneumon zapotecus, Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 3, ?.

A stout black and flavous species with the hind femora
internally black-lined, and in 2 the tibiae similarly marked.
Sumichast took the female at Cordova and the male — which
I do not think is /. toluco, Cress. — has hitherto remained
unknown. I venture tentatively to regard as such a male
captured at Omilteme in Guerrero during July at 8,000
feet by H. Smith, along with two females certainly repre-
senting the present species — which Cameron did not know —
at Atoyac in Vera Cruz, during May and Teapa in Tabasco
during March. It differs to the extent of having the meso-
sternum totally pale and the hind tibiae totally black ;
like the female, the hind calcaria and tarsi are clear strami-
neous, and the serrate antennae pale-banded beyond their
centre. I found the association upon the similarity of
sculpture and of the remaining markings, but especially
upon the apically truncate and acute-angled and centrally
excised clypeus.

56. Coelichneumon prolixus, Cress
Ichneumon prolixus, Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 118, <J.

The male alone is described, and this I do not know ;
but Gaumer captured a female at Temex in northern
\ucatan, presented to the British Museum in 1904, which
differs from the above male description only in having the
" three connected [black] spots on metathorax above "
reduced to two, occupying the whole of the external and
dentiparal areae with apex of petiolar area centrally con-
colorous, and in having the disc only of the hind femora
linearly black. It is a true member of the present genus.

SUB-FAMILY PIMPLINAE.
TRIBE BANCHIDES.

Recent authors are beginning to agree that this very
distinct Tribe is most naturally related to the Pimplinae ;
I ventured to place it there first in 1908, in spite of Holmgren's
relegation of it to the Ophioninae and Thomson's to the
Tryphoninae ; and Herr K. Pfankuch, in his revision of
the Gravenhorstian types (Jahr. Ver. Insekt. Breslau, 1912),
considers it " well placed there." The structure of the
metathorax and petiole is similar to the Lissonotides ; but
the rhomboidal and peculiarly large areolet of the wing
renders this Tribe, as I pointed out ten years ago (Ent. Mo.
Mag. 1903, p. 157), entirely distinct among Ichneumonidae.
It is a group of very few genera : in 1901 Dalla Torre included
seventeen, but of these four are typeless names of Forster,
Tropistes is considered to belong to the Xoridides (Mori.
Ichn. Brit, iii, 1908, p. 8), Lapton is placed in the
Acaenitides by Pfankuch (Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1912, p. 457),
Baliena with its single species leptopus, Cam., is synonymous
with Eugalta * punctulata, Cam. (Mori., Fauna India, Ichn.
1913, p. 69), and some of the remaining genera are not distinct.

TABLE OF GENERA.

(12) 1. Tarsal claws more or less broadly pectinate; eyes usually
emarginate.

(11) 2. Lab rum neither elongate nor apically bifid.

(8) 3. Areolet irregularly rhomboidal, always emitting recurrent
before its apex.

* Psendreugalta cannot be considered a good genus, nor P. spinosa
more than a form of E. strigosa, of which I have recently seen a
specimen with strong areolet in right wing and none in left. Cameron's
genus Arthvla (Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 110) certainly = Endurus,
Rondani (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. vru [1896], p. 66) ; I am convinced
by the examination of an example in the Berlin Museum, captured
by Col. Bingham in Sikkim.

136 ICIINKl'MONinAK.

(5

(4
(7
(6
(3
(10
(9
(2

(1
(18
(15

(14
(17
(16
(13

4. Clypeus elongately produced ; cheeks longer than base of

mandibles.
TEGONA, Mori, (one Indian species, T. rufipes, Mori.)

5. Clypeus of normal length ; cheeks shorter than base of

mandibles.

6. Eves internally broadly emarginate ; notauli elongate.

BANCHUS, Fab.

7. Eyes internally entire ; notauli entirely wanting

FINTONA, Cam. (one Indian species, F. nigripalpis, Cam.).

8. Areolet broad triangular, emitting recurrent from its

extreme apex.

9. Internal orbits of the eyes not carinately elevated.

BANCHOIDES, Torre.

10. Internal orbits of the eyes carinately elevated.

EPONITES, Cam.

11. Labrum strongly elongate and apically bifid.

AGATHILLA, Westw.

12. Tarsal claws not at all pectinate ; eyes not internally

emarginate.

13. Mouth parts of normal length ; clypeus more or less

re flexed.

14. Nervellus intercepted at junction of median nervure ;

abdomen obliquely impressed.

CERATOGASTER, Ashm. f

15. Nervellus intercepted at upper third ; abdomen not

impressed.

16. Antennae apically attenuate ; terebra not longer than

first segment. EXETASTES, Grav.

17. Antennae apically subfiliform ; terebra longer than abdomen.

LEPTOBATES, Grav.

18. Mouth parts strongly rostriform ; clypeus not reflexed.

LABIUM, Brulle.

f Ashmead says the ? claws have one or two teeth near the base ;
the £ has only setae.

BANCHUS, Fabricius.
Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, p. 209.

Its author described several species under this genus,
which have not yet been correctly classified, though no
doubt can remain that they have been misplaced here ;
as also, probably, was Brulle's B. rufiventris (Hist. Nat.
Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 125) from Brazil. The remainder are
all from Europe and North America, together with three
Indian species enumerated by me (Fauna Brit. India, Ichn.
1913, p. 253) along with the genera Tegona and Fintona.
Unfortunately the genus is too little known to me to allow
of more than remarks upon certain of its species.

BAXCHIDES. 137

Banchus flavovariegatus, Prov.
Natural. Canad. vr, 1874, p. 61.

Redman took this species in Nova Scotia half a century
ago ; and there are three others, found in the district of
Hudson's Bay in 1844 by George Barnston, also in the
British Museum, differing from Provancher's description
(Faun. Ent. Canad. 1883, p. 388) only in bearing traces
of a scutellar spine.

Banchus superbus, Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iv, 1865, p. 273.

One specimen from " Georgia " in the British Museum ;
hitherto only recorded from Colorado.

Banchus flavescens, Cress.
Canad. Entom. i, 1868, p. 33, <J.

A single male — the only known sex — bearing Dr.
Richardson's characteristic green label (cf. Entom. 1910,
p. 243) in the British Museum from northern Canada.

Banchus spinosus, Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iv, 1865, p. 274, <J.

A Coloradan species, of which Cresson knew but a single
example ; another from the " Rocky Mountains " was pre-
sented to the British Museum by the Earl of Derby.

Banchus variegator, Fab.

Ichneumon variegator, Fab., Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 339 ; I. compresaus,

Fab., Mant. Ins. 1787, App. ; Banchus palpalia, Ruthe, Stett. Ent.

Zeit. xx, 1859, p. 377, ? (sic <J).

Britain, France, Germany, etc. Both the specimens of his
new species (described in his Verzeichniss der von Dr.
Staudinger im Jahre 1856 auf Island gesammelten Hymenop-
teren — I.e., pp. 362-379) are in J. Fr. Ruthe's collection in
British Museum, and the type is a perfectly normal female
of B. variegator and not, as he queries loc. cit., the male of
B. moniliatus, Grav.

Banchus pictus, Fab.
Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, p. 234.

Britain ; Germany (once in May, 1856, by Ruthe) ;
Switzerland (Bucheker) ; and Bohemia (Prof. N. M. Kheil).
I possess it from the Vail, du Berlad in Moldavia.

138 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Banchus ferrugator, Kill > v.

Ichneumon ferrugator, Kirby, Fauna Bor.-Amer. iv, 1837, p. 258,
Cress., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. iv, 1877, p. 207 ; Banchus ferrugineus,
Prov. Nat. Canad. 1877, p. 14. Cf. Morley, Entomologist, 1910,

p. 243.

Banchus falcator, Fab.

Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 128. (?) Ichneumon falcatorius, Fab., Syst. Ent.
1775, p. 332.

Germany (Munich, &c.) ; Pyrenees, France (Nantes, La
Grave in Hautes Alpes in July, etc.) ; Switzerland (Kanske
by Bucheker, Ragatz by F. Walker, and St. Antonien at
4,600 feet on 25th August, 1896, by Sir W. H. Flower) ;
Britain, locally common. One male bears a German legend
"Between Wilmannsdorf and Schwangendorf, 6 P.M.,
under willows ; also flying. Larva of L. dispar (Gipsy
Moth) common." [There is also a §, received from the
Entomological Club in 1844, probably erroneously labelled
" N. America."] I possess it from Berlin, Kissingen in
Bavaria, etc.

Banchus nobilitator, sp. n.

A large and handsome species, black with legs and abdomen
broadly, scutellum entirely bright red. Head posteriorly
hardly narrower than eyes ; the frontal and centre of the
external orbits narrowly flavidous ; face evenly and distinctly
punctate ; clypeus smooth with a very few large punctures ;
whole mouth red with apices of the obtusely bidentate
mandibles infuscate. Antennae black and strongly setaceous,
with only apex of the deeply excised scape rufescent. Thorax
black, closely punctate and somewhat shining with indefinite
callosities below both radices rufescent ; metanotum very
short and rugulosely punctate, with a central basal impression
and the apophyses vertically acute, but without carinae.
Scutellum mutic, closely punctate, shining and discally
orange to its slightly produced apex. Abdomen stout and
black with apical half of the shagreened two basal segments
bright red ; basal segment subparallel-sided and not half
as long again as apically broad ; anus strongly compressed
from base of fourth segment ; terebra hardly exserted.
Legs stout and elongate, fulvous with all the coxae, centre
of hind femora with apices of both their tibiae and tarsi
hardly, black ; hind coxae closely punctate and all the
trochanters black-marked beneath. Wings subfulvescent
with tegulae fulvous ; areolet large, broader than high and

BANCHIDES. 139

sessile, emitting recurrent nervure distinctly before its centre ;
discoidal cell straight above, and apically acute below ;
nervellus intercepted only just below its upper extremity.
Length, 16 mm. $.

It is very closely allied to B. falcator, but — besides coloration
of the scutellum, hind femora, etc. — the legs and especially
the hind tarsal joints are longer, the basal segment also is
longer, and the metathorax a little shorter with its apophyses
distinctly more acute.

I have only seen the type, which was acquired by the
British Museum in 1871 from Mr. Higgins and is from the
Amur Province of Siberia.

BANCHOIDES, Dalla Torre.

Wien, Ent. Zeit. vn, 1888, p. 220 ; Banchopsis, Kriech., Ent. Nachr.
1886, p. 244 (nee Rudow).

Banchoides graeca, Kriech.
loc. cit.

The female alone is described and " die Art stammt aus
Griechenland ; " Dalla Torre (I.e. supra) simply corrects
Kriechbaumer's preoccupied generic name. It is the only
species of its genus and is remarkable for its short, stout
and fulvous legs and antennae, the concolorous stigma of
its apically subinfumate wings and its mutic scutellum, but
especially for the emission from the extreme apex of its
large and triangular areolet of the second recurrent nervure.
The British Museum contains an Athenian female from
Sir S. S. Saunders' collection and a single male, obtained
as long ago as August, 1849 from " Algeria ; " the latter
sex has not before been described, but it differs very little
from the female in its slightly longer and thinner antennae,
black hind coxae and femora with a discal dot on the former
and both extremities of the latter flavous ; its hind tibiae
also are stouter and metanotum immaculate. Smits van
Burgst has recently (Tunisian Hymenoptera, 1913, p. 13)
captured both sexes in April at El Bardo in Ariana.

EPONITES, Cameron.

Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1905, p. 77 ; c/. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 291.

1 4< » ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Eponites ruficornis, Cam.
loc. cit.

Superficially this and the next species very strongly
resemble Banchoides ; generic rank must, however, be
allowed them on account of frontal and alar details of
structure, for the scrobes in this genus are internally stout |y
c:\rinate and the emission of the nervellus of the hind wings
is distinctly a little lower. This is not a rare species in
Kashmir, Sikkim and Bengal.

Eponites scutellaris, Mori.
Fauna Brit. India, Ichn. 1913, p. 260.

Bengal.

AGATHILLA, Westwood.

Tijds. v. Ent. xxv, 1882, p. 23 ; Agathobanchus, Ashm., Proo. U.S.
Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 97.

The genus Agathilla was erected by Westwood (loc. cit.)
for the reception of a female specimen " habitat in Mexico
apud Belen Barranca (D. Coffin). In mus. Hopeiano
Oxoniae (olim nostro)." This genus has ever since that
date been a stumbling-block to Hymenopterists — cf. Dalla
Torre, Cat. Hym. iv, p. 144 (Braconidae) et iii, p. 61
(Ichneumonidae) — for its author, after describing a couple
of typically Braconidous genera, begins his diagnosis
" praecedentibus duobus generibus affine," with no note
upon its Ichneumonidous features ; and it is only from
his excellent figures (I. c. pi. vi, ff. 1-7) that the presence
of the second recurrent nervure is apparent. Cameron
in 1886 (Biol. Cent.-Amer. p. 277) remarks that " judging
from the figure and description, I conclude that this genus
belongs to the ' Pimplides,' rather than to the ' Ichneumones
adsciti,' among which it is placed by Westwood," whose
record he simply quotes. In 1900 Ashmead differentiates
it from the remainder of the Banchides, except his new
Agathobanchus, by its petiolate areolet and the strongly
elongate, apically bifid " labium " ; the distinctions of
these two genera, however, appear imaginary, for the latter
evidently drew them from Westwood's figure and errs in
regarding as notauli mere mesonotal colour ; the figure is
further incorrect in showing the basal nervure continuous
through the median.

BANCHIDES. 141

After considerable trouble, Westwood's type was dis-
covered among Formicidae (not Braconidae) in the Hope
Museum, and I find the notauli wanting with the lower
basal nervure a little postfurcal, as in Agathobanchvs. The
latter genus was constituted (loc. cit.) for the reception of
Banchvs aeqvatvs, described by Say (Boston Journ. Nat.
Hist. 1836, p. 247) from Indiana, the Sonoran fauna of
wuich differs little from that of Mexico, north of the Neogaea
Region. It seems improbable, however, that the two
species should also be synonymous, for Leconte (Writ, of
Say, ii, 1859, p. 701) describes it as a black species with
pentangular second cubital cellule, though his remark that
" it has much resemblance to Agathis polita nob," is a curious
parallel to Westwood's words " praecentibus affine."

Westwood's type is, nevertheless, quite certainly the
other sex of Banchvs mexicanvs, Cam. (Biol. Cent.-Amer.
1886, p. 311, $), found by Morrison in the extreme north-
west of Mexico, the type of which is in the British Museum.
The body is mainly brick-red with anus and apices of basal
segments, scutellum and part of legs stramineous ; in both
the sexual types there are no black markings, but these
are probably inconstant as is the case with Ceratogaster
fasciatus, etc. In structure and especially that of the
apically emarginate clypeus, strongly flavescent wings
(except in the larger discoidal cell and sessile areolet of $),
and ochreous stigma they are identical, though the <§
alone possesses a scutellar spine with stout and apically
attenuate antennae. The synonymy stands thus : — Agathilla
fulvopicta, Westw., 1882 = Banchvs mexicanus, Cam., 1886 =
(?) Banchvs aeqvatvs, Say, 1836. The genus Agathobanchvs
must certainly fall to Agathilla.

CERATOGASTER, Ashmead.

Canad. Entom. xxxtt, 1900, p. 368 ; Ceratosoma, Cress., Proc. Ent.
Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 281 (nee Reeve, 1850).

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Colour deep fire-red, with dark mesonotal vittae.

(3) 2. Mesothorax with three strong and black discal vittae ;

anus apically acuminate. 1. rvbyatus, Davis.

(2) 3. Mesothorax with indistinct and piceous marks ; anus of

$ apically obtuse. 2. rufus, Prov.

(1) 4. Colour ferrugineous or flavidous, broadly black-marked;
mesonotum with no vittae.

(6) 5. Apical extremity of front wings hyaline. 3. apicalis, Cress.

(5) 6. Front wings unicolorous ochraceous throughout.

var. fasciatus, Cress.

142 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

i. Ceratogaster rubyatus, Davis.
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxiv, 1897, p. 366, $.

A unique female from Illinois alone is known. Length
12 mm.

2. Ceratogaster rufus, Prov.
Exeta8tes rufus, Prov. Natural. Canad. vi, 1874, p. 78.

This differs from all Canadian Exetastes -species in its
partly red abdomen and entirely red thorax ; it was doubt-
fully retained in that genus by Provancher in 1879 (Natural.
Canad. xi, p. 213) with a remark upon its intermediate
position between that genus and Ceratosoma, Cress.,
to which it was finally ascribed by him in 1883 (lib.
cit. xvi, p. 7).

3. Ceratogaster apicalis, Cress.
Ceratosoma apicalis, Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 281, <J $.

Walsh's careful account (Trans. St. Louis Acad, iii,
1873, p. 103) of the distinctions between Cresson's two
species leaves little doubt that they are forms of the same,
since he could find no constant point of differentiation but
the apical hyaline area in the wing of the earlier-described,
in a series of over thirty examples ; both forms occurred in
company on the flowers of golden-rod. The series in the
British Museum is for the most part from the vicinity of
New York in August ; all these, as well as my own scanty
nearctic material, are referable to the form fasciatus, Cress.
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 283), and one female there
is labelled in MS. " Ichneumon alternator," by the Entomo-
logical Club, 1844.

EXETASTES, Gravenhorst,
Ichn. Europ. m, 1829, p. 395.

Very little is known of this genus except in Europe and
north America. The remaining species are three described,
possibly under the wrong genus, by Brulle from Brazil ;
one by Vollenhoven from Java ; half-a-dozen brought
forward from India, by myself in 1913 ; and one by Perez
from Teneriffe. Some European species extend to the
Oriental Region. I have already pointed out (Entom.
1911, p. 212) that E. peregrinus, Wollaston, from Madeira,
is nothing but Campoplex anguslatus, Thorns. The nearctic

BANCHIDES. 143

species are in need of revision ; but the synonymy of the
palaearctic ones is now approaching stability, and a good
deal has been published upon them since 1901. Besides
those enumerated below, Pfankuch finds the types of
Gravenhorst's E. aethiops, E. bilineatus, E. gracilicornis ,
E. ichneumoniformis and E. robustus to be good species,
correctly here placed ; but that the same author's E.
brunnipes and also almost certainly E. latus = Alloplasta
(Meniscus) tnurina, Gr. ; that E. tristis is a colour variety
of E. guttatorius, Gr. ; and that E. nigripennis belongs to
the Tryphonid genus Ctenopelma. Ichneumon atrator,
Forster, is probably E. cinctipes, Retz., which latter will
fall if the case be proved ; I have shown (Ichn. Brit, iii,
p. 305) E. facialis, Desv. to be the male of E. maurus ; and
E. mexicanus, Cam. is Agathilla julvopicta, Westw.

TABLE OF THE PALAEARCTIC SPECIES KNOWN TO ME.

(28) 1. Basal segment at least twice as long as apically broad.
(25) 2. Petiole of the abdomen discally glabrous and impunctate.
(10) 3. Mesonotum finely punctate, subglabrous and less convex.

(5) 4. Hind metatarsus clear red ; metapleural costae indistinct.

1. cmctipes, Retz.

(4) 5. Hind metatarsus nigrescent ; metapleural costae distinct.

(7) 6. Metanotal areola distinct ; abdominal incisures alone red.

2. illyricus, Strobl.

(6) 7. Metanotal areola at most sulciform ; abdomen broadly red.
(9) 8. Hind femora infuscate or black. 3. nigripes, Grav.

(8) 9. Hind femora red. 4. illusor, Grav.

(3) 10. Mesonotum strongly punctate, shortly pilose and more
convex.

(22) 11. Metanotum not longitudinally sulcate in the centre.

(13) 12. Mesonotum laterally flavous-marked ; hind femora not

red. 5. notatus, Hlmgr.

(12) 13. Mesonotum immaculate ; hind femora entirely red.

(15) 14. Frons closely punctate and dull; alar areolet subsessile.

6. guttatorius, Grav.

(14) 15. Frons centrally sparsely punctate; alar areolet, petiolate.

(17) 16. Nervelet extending to near centre of cubital cell.

7. femorator, Desv.

(16) 17. Nervelet short or obsolete.

(21) 18. Metathorax punctate; centre of abdomen broadly red.
(20) 19. Distinctly stout ; hind tarsi immaculate, scutellum pale.

8. bicoloratus, Grav.

(19) 20. Somewhat slender; hind tarsi, not scutellum, pale-marked.

9. laevigator, Vill.

144 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(18) 21. Metathorax rugulose ; abdomen entirely black throughout.

10. alpinu8, Krioch.

(11) 22. Metanotum longitudinally sulcate in the centre.

(24) 23. Abdomen and whole hind tarsi black ; hind femora fulvous.

11. fornicator, Fab.

(23) 24. Abdomen broadly and hind tarsi pale ; hind femora black.

12. flavitarsus, Grav.

(2) 25. Petiole of the abdomen distinctly punctate discally.

(27) 26. Petiole sparsely and not very finely punctate discally.

13. calobatus, Grav.

(26) 27. Petiole closely and finely punctate throughout.

14. maurus, Desv.

(1) 28. Basal segment less than once-and-a-half as long as broad.

(30) 29. Antennae of normal length ; claws finely pectinate ; terebra
one- third of abdomen. 15. inquisitor, Grav.

(29) 30. Antennae distinctly short ; claws strongly pectinate ;
terebra one-half of abdomen. 16. crassus, Grav.

i. Exetastes cinctipes, Retz.
Ichneumon cinctipes, Retzius, Gen. et Spp. Ins. 1783, p. 68.

Germany (Munich, Berlin, etc.), Switzerland (Zurich),
France (La Grave in Hautes Alpes by Hon. W. Rothschild),
Siberia (Barnaul by Dr. 0. Finch) ; said to extend to
" India " (one $ in Oxford Mus.). It has been bred from
the larva of Mamestra brassicae by Mr. Bryant of Redditch ;
and the present species is probably the parasite figured by
Albin in 1720 (pi. xxvii), emerging from its own cocoon
ex Hadena pisi.

2. Exetastes illyricus, Strobl.

Ichn. Steierm. Ophion. 1903, p. 45, $ ; Habermehl, Deut. Ent. Zeit.
1909, p. 567, 6* ?•

Discovered by its author in Styria (Austria) ; and subse-
quently taken by Dr. Habermehl on the Rhine, and by
Schmiedeknecht in Blankenburg. A single $ from Bucheker's
central European collection in the British Museum, is
labelled " 19th July, Pullasch " (? Pollasch-witz, in Moravia).

3. Exetastes nigripes, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. in, 1829, p. 416.

Herr Pfankuch, in reviewing the Gravenhorstian types,
considers E. illusor, Gr., distinct from the present species,
though not indicating upon what grounds, and adds that

BANCHIDES. 145

my synonymy of them (Ichn. Brit, iii, 1908, p. 296) is
erroneous ; with the types before him, he is no doubt
right. Both sexes are represented from Germany in Ruthe's
collection.

4. Exetastes illusor, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. in, 1829, p. 427.

Abundant in Germany, where Ruthe took it in June and
July, 1855 ; and Zurich. I have seen a male captured at
Darjiling in India ; and possess it from Borkum in Prussia.

5. Exetastes notatus, Holmgr.
Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, Ophion. p. 153.

Named in MS. E. flavicornis and E. maculatus by Ruthe,
from Germany ; Marshall took it at Nantes and Mr. Higgins
found a female in 1871 in Transbaikalia, which consider-
ably extends its known eastern range.

6. Exetastes guttatorius, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. m, 1829, p. 411.

Probably the commonest species of the genus in Central
Europe ; Marshall had it from Gavarnie in the Pyrenees
and from Nantes ; mine are from Roumania, Germany
and Sweden.

7. Exetastes femorator, Desv.
Cat. Brit. Ichn. 1856, p. 94.

One^ from Germany was thought to represent E. bicoloratus
by Ruthe ; but that species though closely allied differs
in lacking the elongate nervelet or ramellus, which allies
E. tisiphone (Mori., Fauna Brit. India, Ichn. 1913, p. 247)
from Sikkim to the present species.

8. Exetastes bicoloratus, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. in, 1829, p. 421.

Poorly represented by a single male, taken by Marshall
at Nantes in France.

9. Exetastes laevigator, Vill.
Villers, Linn. Ent. m, 1789, p. 193.

Brittany, Nantua in 1893 (T. A. Marshall), Germany
(Ruthe), Munich (Bucheker).

146 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

io. Exetastes alpinus, Kriech.
Ent. Nachr. xiv, 1888, p. 354, <J $.

Kriechbaumer described this interesting species from
four specimens, all found in the higher Alps of the Engadine,
namely, in Geneva (a pair — the $ on 16th July, 1879 —
between Tawatsch and Andermatt in the Oberalp, and
a male on 21st July on the Alp Sussillon in Wallis) and a
$ on the Stilfserjoche. Schmiedeknecht possesses a pair
from Innsbruck. Another pair in Mus. Brit., considerably
extends the known range of this species, since they were
captured in the Pyrenees — probably at Gavarnie — by the
Rev. T. A. Marshall some years ago and labelled sp. n.
by him.

ii. Exetastes fornicator, Fab.
Spp. Ins. 1781, p. 432.

Much commoner on the Continent than in Britain : —
Munich, Pyrenees, Zurich, etc. ; extending as far east as
Kashmir. I have it from the Harz, the Erzgebirge and
R. Nidda, in Germany.

13. Exetastes calobatus, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. m, 1829, p. 405.

Pfankuch in 1912 says both Gravenhorst's $ $ are from
Upper Italy ; he himself records them respectively from
Piedmont and Netley in Shropshire.

15. Exetastes inquisitor, Grav.

Ichn. Europ. m, 1829, p. 419 = ? E. nitidus, Cam., Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906, p. 274, $.

This species was unknown to Schmiedeknecht, who
considers it probably a form of E. nigripes. It is extremely
similar to that species but is stouter, nearly 14 mm. in
length, with the abdomen much broader, its first segment
shorter and stouter and much less than twice as long as
its apical breadth, the abdomen is nearly eight millimetres
and its terebra about three millimetres in length ; the
areolet is more sessile than in E. nigripes, with the nerve let
much longer and the whole wings flavescent-infumate,
and anterior legs darker ; but, especially, in the latter
species the mesopleurae are undulating and there is a distinct

BANCHIDES. 147

subapical transcarina on the metanotum, while here the
mesopleurae are fiat and the metanotum is rugulose with
no trace of transcarina : these distinctions are drawn from
a German $, indubitably correctly named by Ruthe.
Pfankuch considers E. flavitarsus to be the male of the
present species ; and, perhaps, Cameron's $, E. nitidus
(figured in Fauna Brit. India, Ichn. 1913, p. 249) is
synonymous.

16. Exetastes crassus, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. m, 1829, p. 423.

This is a good species {teste Pfankuch, 1912) and not a
variety of E. laevigatus, as given by me (Ichn. Brit, iii,
1908, p. 301). It is remarkable for its large size, stout out-
line, elongate terebra, pectinate claws and short filiform
antennae. It was described from Hungary, where Mocsary
has subsequently twice bred it from Lepidoptera ; and
Schmiedeknecht took several $ $ some years ago at Gumperda
in Thuringia ; but the $ is still unknown. In Bucheker's
collection, in Mus. Brit., is a female, captured on Scrophularia
on 15th July at Planig in Rhenish Hesse. Not British.

Exetastes scutellaris, Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 279.

One $, taken in Texas by Belfrage, is in the British Museum,
ex coll. T. A. Marshall. It is a good deal more uniform in
colour than originally described, and has no nigrescent
tinge on the vertex, mesonotum, below hind wings, on the
abdomen nor hind legs ; the mesothorax and postscutellum
are not at all flavescent ; the scutellum is simple and
evenly rounded, the nervelet subelongate, the head posteriorly
buccate and not narrower than the eyes.

Exetastes obscurus, Cress.

lib. cit., p. 281.

One $, received by Marshall from C. V. Riley in 1888,
differs from the last species mainly in its somewhat longer
terebra, more slender legs, paler and more flavescent wings
with the basal nervure continuous and nervelet wanting ;
but especially in having the head posteriorly constricted
and not nearly as broad as the eyes.

l2

148 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Exetastes niger, Cress.
lib. cit., p. 275.

One $, sent to Marshall from the U.S. Nat. Mus. as the
Canadian E. rufofemoratus, Prov., which differs in its red
stigma, subhyaline wings, paler legs and longer terebra ;
it was captured by Belfrage in Texas and described, like the
last two species, from Colorado.

Exetastes rufofemoratus, Prov.
Naturaliste Canad. 1877, p. 14.

The only female in British Museum was captured in New
Brunswick, eastern Canada, and presented in 1910 by
F. G. Aflalo.

Exetastes rubrinotum, sp. n.

A black species with the legs, mesonotum, scutellum and
antennal base red. Head transverse, closely punctate and
not shining, posteriorly narrower than the ej7es ; face and
clypeus transverse, cheeks not elongate ; clypeus discreted
and convex with its apex evenly rounded and sometimes
dull testaceous. Antennae slender and strongly attenuate
throughout, longer than half the body, with the scape and
two or three basal flagellar joints clear red. Thorax closely
punctate and dull, somewhat short, and black with the
mesonotum entirely and sides of pronotum rosy ; metathorax
evenly rounded with spiracles minute, suboval and its disc
basally hardly impressed. Scutellum convex, coarsely
punctate and somewhat shining, rosj' with its base nigrescent.
Abdomen black and strongly nitidulous ; two basal segments
coarsely and irregularly punctate, centrally sulcate ; the
following subglabrous ; terebra nearly as long as basal
segment, very strongly deflexed with spicula clear fulvous
and apically acuminate. Legs elongate, slender and fulvous
with hind tarsi apically subinfuscate, all the trochanters
and anterior coxae dead black. Wings narrow, strongly
and evenly infumate, though hardly nigrescent, throughout ;
areolet rhomboidal, not very large and shortly petiolate ;
nervellus intercepted but slightly below median nervure.
Length, 9-10 mm. § only.

This species is very conspicuous in its rufescent mesonotum
and legs, of which the hind trochanters are abruptly black,
in its very dark wings and strongly deflexed terebra.

BANCHIDES. 149

Structurally it is allied in its closely punctate petiole to
E. maurus, from which it differs widely in size and coloration.
Two females from Abyssinia were bought by Turner and
presented to the British Museum in 1911.

Exetastes vacillans, Cam.

Ichneumon vacillans, Cam., Manch. Mem. 1897, No. 4, p. 4, <£.

Head black, closely and not strongly punctate, sub-
elongately white-pilose ; frons dull and closely punctate.
Antennae slender, filiform and as long as the body, black
and subpilose throughout. Thorax immaculate black, with
dense infuscate pubescence ; mesonotum very distinctly
punctate ; metathorax gradually rounded apically and
very obscurely striolate centrally, sulcate below spiracles ;
pleurae evenly punctate, metapleurae duller and more
strongly punctate than mesonotum. Scutellum and abdomen
black, immaculate and nitidulous, with spiracles of basal
segment distinctly before its centre. Anterior legs red with
coxae, trochanters and base of front femora black ; hind
legs black with calcaria, femora except at their extreme
apices, and tibiae indefinitely before their base, red ; third
and fourth hind tarsal joints clear white. Wings hyaline ;
nervures infuscate, basally paler ; areolet sessile ; stigma
centrally pale. Length, 11 mm. ^ only.

The type of this species, described by its author under
an erroneous genus (cf. Entom. 1913, p. 221) from Mussooree,
I have recently examined in the Oxford Museum.

LEPTOBATUS, Gravenhorst.
Ichn. Europ. m., 1829, p. 432.

Ashmead was certainly in error when he removed this
genus to the Acaenitides, in which he also placed his new
Leptobatopsis (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 47) ; the latter
hardly seems likely to belong to the Banchides on account
of its " areolet small, petiolet."

Leptobatus degener, Grav.
Ichn. Europ. in., 1829, p. 436.

This species was at first recorded from Volhynia and
Germany; Thomson next mentioned it (Opusc. Ent. viii.,
p. 737, et xxii., p. 2418) from the Isle of Oland. It is not found
in Britain; and Schmiedeknecht tells us (Opusc. Ichn. 1915)

150 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

that it is everywhere scarce, adding that he has a number
of specimens from Scharzfels in the Harz Mountains, bred
from Dianihoecia xanthocyanea. In the British Museum,
ex coll. Bucheker, are three females and a male from Zurich
and the Engadine, with a female taken at 6,000 feet in the
" Alpes Rhat."

LABIUM, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv., 1846, p. 316.

This is one of the few Ichneumonidous genera which
Ashmead was unable to classify in 1900 ; and Dalla Torre in
the following year leaves it next after Tryphon, following
Brulle's remark that it was allied to that genus, " a abdomen
pedicule " (a curious term for any Tryphonid !). The
original New Guinean male L. bicolor, Brulle, from New
Guinea, appears to have been the sole representative of this
genus from 1846 to 1901, when Cameron gave (Ann. Nat.
Hist, vii, p. 529) us his remarks upon " The Genus Labium "
with a long and rambling diagnosis, remarking that " the
genus cannot be placed in the Tryphonides ; if anywhere,
it should be placed in a Tribe of the Ichneumoninae either
as a separate tribe or as an aberrant member of the Joppini."

Labivm is an extremely specialised genus and whatever
position be assigned it the unique oral structure, resembling
that of Echthromorpha, renders it distinct ; but an examination
of specimens in the British Museum, including Cameron's
type of L. ferruginetim, convinces me that its most natural
one is in the Banchides, among which it is allied to Banchoides
in the abdominal structure (Cameron's type is $, mistaken
by him for <£) except the narrower basal segment, the sub-
incrassate hind legs except their short metatarsi and very
large inpectinate claws, the elongate coxae, short metathorax,
short and stout antennae which become more obviously
clavate towards their apices, and the general alar structure.
The points of distinction are, however, very strong and its
position here must be regarded as only tentative, for we
see that the areolet, though similarly broader than long and
emitting the recurrent nervure equally close to the apex,
is pentagonal with its lateral nervures widely separated
above and the recurrent acutely angled at its centre ; that
the nervellus is subopposite and intercepted distinctly below
its centre ; and that the metanotal areae are subcomplete,
as is the case in Periope, which also bears clubbed antennae,
though its face is not deplanate as in the present genus.

BAN CHIDES. 151

Cameron records his specimen vaguely from Australia ;
but in the British Museum is another female, found by
French in Victoria about 1893. Distinct from the above
two species is : —

Labium clavicorne, sp. n.

Very similar to L. ferrugineum but at once known by the
closely punctate and dull face and clypeus, the distinctly
postfurcal lower basal nervure, indicated nervelet, quite
straight inner nervure of areolet, and fulvous or apically
fulvous antennae ; the whole insect, moreover, is paler
red with the scutellum, face, anterior coxae and radical
callosities determinately flavous. The $ antennae are
bright fulvous with only the basal joints discally infuscate,
but those of the <$ have the strongly transverse ten apical
joints subabruptly fulvous throughout and the remainder
nigrescent above ; the latter sex, sometimes but not always,
has the vertex and petiole and most of the thorax with
apices of the hind coxae and femora and tibiae broadly
black ; length, 9-13 mm.

Three <$$ and one $ in British Museum were captured by
Charles French in Victoria during 1891-3. Brulle's species
appears darker than either of those from Australia, with
pale-banded abdomen.

SUB-FAMILY ICHNEUMONINAE.
TRIBE ALOMYIDES.

This Tribe contains but a single genus.

ALOMYIA, Panzer.

Alomya, Panz. Krit. Revis. rr, 1806, p. 83.

The position in our modern classification of the
Ichneumonidae to which the single genus constituting this
Tribe should be most naturally assigned, has remained a
moot point from the earliest times until now ; and I will at
once state that I can do nothing to elucidate the problem,
though I am in exact accord with every word that that
greatest of all Ichneumonologists, the late Prof. C. G.
Thomson of Lund, says upon the subject. His remarks
are in Swedish and have not, I think, consequently met
with the publicity they deserve : — " This genus, represented
by only one European species, which occurs with us [in
Sweden], was placed by Wesmael among the Ichneumoninae
where it formed a separate division, called Ichneumones
heterogastri. Holmgren considers that it ought to be trans-
ferred to the Pimplinae, but I think this view of its place
in the system is founded on a certain agreement in the
formation of the head, and that Wesmael has better reasons
for his view. If we examine Alomyia more closely, we shall
see that its nearest connections are to be found among the
Amblyteles, especially among the group of species about
A. occisorius [afterwards raised to generic rank, under the
name Spilichneumon, by Thomson in 1894], which has an
unusually strongly developed apical ventral segment almost
concealing the terebra and, further, very large head with
stoutly built mandibles, and short legs with very spinose
front tibiae. That which especially characterises Alomyia
is not any difference in the wings for the areolet is still a

154 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

pentagon, but rather the abdominal petiole, which is short,
not bordered at the sides, with its spiracles situated immedi-
ately beyond the middle, and the second segment in which
both gastrocaeli and thyridii are wanting. To this one
can also add the areolation of the metathorax which is
slightly developed, consisting only of a short petiolar area
and in the male of a distinct lateral carina : of the areola
there is no more than a trace, in the form of a small tubercle
near the base, and from its position one may conclude that
this areola, if fully developed, would be strongly elongate
like that of A. occisorius. The temples are also strongly
developed, the mandibular structure as in the above-named
Amblyteles, as also is the oral costa, though in Alomyia it is
more deflexed towards the under side of the head and unites
with the costa oralis [recte genalis] near the base of the
peristomium, in such a manner as to form a kind of triangle.
The clypeus is abruptly truncate, and not apically mem-
branaceous, the epistoma is nearly quadrate and with a
distinctly marked lateral impression. All this appears to
me to show that Wesmael's position is the most correct "
(Thomson, Opusc. Entom. xii, 1888, p. 1235).

The passage referred to above is in Holmgren's
" Ichneumonologia Suecica," vol. i, 1864, p. 1, and runs
thus : " In subfamiliis verorum, qui vocantur, Ichneumonidum
hoc modo disponendis nulla alia re ab ea ratione quam
secutus est CI. Wesmael, in libro, qui inscribitur Tentamen
Dispositionis Methodicae Ichneumonum Belgii recessimus, nisi
quod quintam ejus subfamiliam, quae Ichneumones helero-
gastros comprehendit, aliter atque ille collocavimus. Nam
haec subfamilia, quam ille intermediam dicit esse inter
Ichneumonides et Tryphonides, quantum nos quidem existi-
mare possumus, justius medium quendam locum obtinet
inter Xorides et Tryphonides. A Xoridum enim familia
proxime videtur abesse et magnitudine atque tumore capitis,
et conformatione mesoet metathoracis, et structura segmenti
primi abdominis, et crassitudine atque brevitate pedum
feminarum." And he had already treated of the genus
at Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 48.

But it is excluded from the Xoridid Tribe of the Pimplinae,
both by its pentagonal alar areolet and its utterty concealed
terebra. Berthoumieu, on the other hand, placed it in the
Tryphoninae (Ann. Soc. France, 1894, p. 244) ; and, if it
were to be excluded from the Ichneumoninae, I am certainly
of the opinion that its next most natural position would
be among the Tryphonid Tribe Exochides, to which the
strongly prominent face and excavate frons ally it, certainly

ALOMYIDES. 155

to a greater extent than do those of Spilichneumon ally
that genus. According to present notions, the insurmount-
able feature of its exclusion from the whole of the Ichneumones
stenopneustici is its circular metathoracic spiracles.

[Thomson has said that the genus is represented by a
single species ; and I shall hope to prove that he is correct
in the statement. Two other kinds had not, however, been
separated from it (they never had the least natural right to
be in it) at the time of publication of the last general Catalogue
in 1900. Both occur in works not generally found in the
library, and I shall consequently venture to reproduce their
descriptions, with an attempt to discover their more
natural positions : —

a. Alomya crukntator, Panz., Faun. Ins. German, ix, 1809, p. 102,,

pi. xxi.

" Die schwarze Schmalwespe mit blutrothem Unterleib "
is described in Latin : — Head black, dull and punctate
with the orbits, mandibles and palpi flavous. Antennae
setaceous, as long as the body, black with underside of scape
ferrugineous. Thorax dull-black, punctate and shining,
with the pronotum and a hamate mark on either side
flavous ; metathorax dull-black, very punctate and dull.
Scutellum triangular, acute and flavous, with a small central
black line. Abdomen cylindrical, elongate, shining and
sanguineous, with its base and apex black. Legs entirely
flavous, with the hind tarsi darker. Length, 9| mm.

S only-

Captured in [German] " sylvaticis umbrosis editioribus,
in floribus."

Gravenhorst did not know the species and merely indicates
(Ichn. Europ. 1829, hi, p. 942) some details from the figure,
adding " Haec species a veris Alomyis discedit, magisque
nostris Tryphonibus respondet." The coloured figure shows
a male, certainly of either Mesoleius (sensu lato) or Lissonota,
and I am very strongly of the opinion that we here have the
later unknown^ of Gravenhorst's unique Lissonta quadrinotata
(cf. Taschenberg, Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 282). With this
it agrees well in the two pale mesonotal hamate marks,
laterally pale scutellum, cylindrical and centrally pale
abdomen which would naturally be paler in the male sex,
the entirely flavidous legs ; and the presence of pale orbits
is another often purely sexual character. The venation
of the figure is utterly untrustworthy (being diverse on either
side) and no mention is made of the wings in the description ;
nor in the erection of the genus, with its typical species in
1806, does Panzer refer to aught but mouth and antennae.

156 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

b. Alomyia petiolaris, Spin. Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool. 1851,

p. 511, cJ.

This species is described in Spanish, of which the following
is a translation : —

Body black, shining and finely punctate. Head globose.
Antennae black and shorter than the body. Thorax one
line broad between the wings, with fine, erect and elongate
pubescence ; metanotuni uniformly convex and very gradu-
ally declivous to apex, its surface appearing smooth to the
naked eye, with two somewhat widely separated carinae
extending from the basal margin and becoming evanescent
towards the centre. Abdomen discally coccineous, ventrally
croceous, petiolate and deplanate, proportionately shorter,
broader and less convex than that of A. debellator ; its
broadest part being three-quarters of a line, at apex of the
third segment ; anus narrower and laterally only slightly
curved. Legs black, with the front ones (except coxae,
trochanters and tarsal apices) rosy ; posterior femora red.
Wings subinfumate, with nervures and stigma black ;
second cubital cell (areolet) triangular and elongately
petiolate — hence the name Petiolaris. Length, 9 mm. §
unknown.

From the central Provinces of Chile.

The petiolate areolet precludes it from any position
among the Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae ; no Ophionid has
deplanate abdomen ; I should suspect the present species
of a position in the Pimplinae, where the globose head would
relegate it to the Tribe Xoridides.]

i. Alomyia debellator, Fab.

I'-hnrumon debellator, Fab., Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 333, ?; /. ova tor,
Mant. Ins. 1787, p. 266, <J.

This is one of the commonest and least interesting of all
palaearctic Ichneumonidae ; it is found flying slowly, low
over herbage and sitting upon the flower-tables of umbelli-
ferous plants everywhere throughout northern and central
Europe, extending with us from the Isle of Wight to the
Highlands and St. Kilda ; but it has never been bred and
we are ignorant as to the identity of its hosts (cf. Ichneumonol.
Britann. i, p. 291). The British Museum possesses some
forty specimens from Switzerland, Germany, Norway and
France ; I have it from Sweden, the Carpathians, Germany
and a hundred from Britain. The type, a female, is in the
Banks Cabinet in the British Museum, as I have stated in
the Entomologist 1909, p. 134.

ALOMYIDES. 1 57

This has been a well-known and definite species at least
since the time of Gravenhorst ; but in 1909 Herr Alb.
Ulbricht of Crefeld in Prussia announced in his " Ichneu-
moniden der Umgegend " (Krefeld Mitt. Ver. Natk. 1909,
p. 1-40) that A. debellator occurred there at Niederhein in
two races, which he termed respectively var. silvatica and
var. minor. Continuing the subject in his Studies in Ichneu-
monidae (Societas entomologica, xxvi, Oct. 1911, p. 53),
he says that since that time, " I have myself taken many
specimens of this genus, and have received many from other
localities ; and I am now of the opinion that we have here
to do with two good species [mixed under a common name].
It is true that it is impossible to determine from the description
of Fabricius which of these he had before him, but I believe
I am entitled to assume that it is the form designated as
var. silvatica, which must therefore retain the original name."
He considered the following characters sufficiently constant
to constitute specific distinction : —

(a) Apical radial abscissa of front wing sinuate ; nervellus
of the hind opposite to postfurcal, almost centrally
intercepted. Hind tibiae and tarsi red. g with
second and third segments usually alone more or
less red. Length, 15-20 mm. (a) form silvatica.

(6) Apical radial abscissa of front wing only apically
curved ; nervellus antefurcal, intercepted far below
centre. Hind tibiae flavous, their extreme apex
and tarsi infuscate. Second to fourth segments,
with apex of the first, testaceous. Length, 12-16 mm.

(b) form minor.

Unfortunately no one of these characters is constant
and all the intermediate forms are met with in a
long series. Thus I have a <$ from the New Forest
with the outer radius strongly arcuate near its base and
acutely reflexed immediately before its apex (a), with
nervellus strongly antefurcal (b) and intercepted at its lower
third (6), and the hind tibiae red (a). Another <$ from
Olverston in Gloucester has the outer radius equally strongly
sinuate throughout (a), with the nervellus opposite (a) but
intercepted at its lower third (6), and the hind tibiae pale
flavous (&). A small Swiss £ of 14 mm. (6) has the outer
radius distinctly curved basally (a), the nervellus exactly
opposite (a) and exactly centrally intercepted (a), the post-
petiole entirely black and segments two to four all black-
marked red (a), but the hind tibiae are flavous with neither

158 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

their apices nor tarsi darker (&). A small $ of only 11 mm.
(6) from Birmingham has the radius nearly straight (6),
the nervellus opposite (a) and quite centrally intercepted (a),
with hind tibiae entirely dark red (a). Another $ (that
figured at Ichn. Brit. 1903, no. 39) of fully 15 mm. has the
red hind tibiae and tarsi, the opposite and centrally intercepted
nervellus of silvatica, combined with the nearly straight
radius of minor. In fine, it is extremely difficult in the longest
series to pick out half a dozen specimens of either sex which
exactly fulfil the restrictions laid down by Ulbricht ; and
I would rather divide a series of this extremely variable
species according to colour, as did Stephens in 1835, for
here there certainly is some slight degree of at least local
constancy, since the whole of a dozen sluggish and by no
means nervous males, which were crowding three flower-
heads of Heracleum sphondylium and eagerly licking their
stylopods with ligulae in my paddock here at Monk Soham
as late as the 4th October, 1907, were exactly referable to
his var. semiflava, which is not restricted to the female sex,
as indicated by Dalla Torre.

ADDENDA.

Echthromorpha fuscator, Fab.

Dr. R. C. L. Perkins has been so good as to point out to
me the undoubtedly correct synonymy between Ichneumon
fuscator, Fab. (Ent. Syst. 1793, p. 163), "habitat in
Sandwichii Insulis Mus. Dom. Banks " and Echthromorpha
maculipennis , Holmgr. 1868 (c/. Revis. Ichn. ii., p. 42). It is,
he tells rne, the only really large, dark Ichneumonid in the
Islands. E. flavo-orbitalis is certainly an instable form of
this species.

Hence it is obvious that the unfortunate transposition,
suspected by me (Entom. 1909, p. 136), of the specimen in
the Banks Collection did actually take place, for the Ephialtes,
there representing it, bears no relation at all to Fabricius'
description.

INDEX.

abdominalis (Tetragonoehora), 7:'.

74.
Acanthojoppa, 8, 90.
aelvanus (Prot ichneumon), 106.
affinis (Joppa), l(i.
africana (Lindigia), 48.
africanus (Dinotomus), til, 62.
Agathilla, 136, 140.
Agathobanchus, 140.
Aglaojoppa, 9, 112.
agnitus (Coelichneumon), 126, 129.

(Ichneumon), 129.

agraensis (Ichneumon), 97.
albescens (Psilomastax), 07.
albicillus (Coelichneumon), 121.
albinotatus (Coelichneumon), 123,

124.
albipes (Joppa), 16.
albipilosellus (Coelichneumon), \'2:\,

125.
alboguttatus (Automalus), 70.

(Trogus), 79.

albomaculatus (Oedicephalus), 70.
albonotata (Cyanojoppa), 124.
albovarius (Oedicephalus), 70.
alecto (Aglaojoppa), 114, 116.
Alomyia, 153.
Alomyxdes, 153-159.
alpinus (Exetastes), 144, 14(i.
amazonica (Macrojoppa), 30. Hi.
Amblyjoppa, 100.
analis (Conopyge), 47.
anceyi (Catadelphus), 80, 81.
annulata (Joppa), 76.

(Tetragonoehora), 74, 76.

annulicornis (Poecilojoppa), 54.
annulitarsis (Hadrojoppa), 107.
anomala (Tetragonoehora), 74, 75.
antennator (Ichneumon), 10.

(Joppa), 11, 19.

(Microjoppa), 19.

apicalis (Ceratogaster), 141, 142.

(Ceratosoma), 142.

(Trogus), 83.

apicatus (Dinotomus), 61, 64.

(Trogus), 64.

apieicarinata (Aglaojoppa), 1 1 X
apicilineata (Acanthojoppa), 01.
argent ipilosus (Ichneumon), 133.

arrogans (Tragus), 82, 86.
arrogator (Catadelphus), 80.

(Ichneumon), 80.

Atanyjoppa, 7, 56.
atrocaeruleus (Trogus), 82, 84.
atropos (Ichneumon), 87.

(Joppa), 13.

atrox (Trogus), 83.
aureolus (Oedicephalus), 70.
aureomarginata (Microjoppa), 25.
auripennis (Joppa), 14, 25.
aurita (Joppa), 17.
auronitens (Joppa), 17.
austeni (Coelichneumon), 123, 124.
austrinus (Trogus), 82.
Automalus, 8, 79.

balteata (Rodwayia), 77.

Banchtdes, 135-151.

Banchoides, 136, 139.

Banchopsis, 139.

Banchus, 136.

barnstoni (Coelichneumon), 120,

130.
basalis (Aglaojoppa), 113, 115.
— — ■ (Dinotomus), 62, 67.
basimacula (Microjoppa). 19.
basinotata (Joppa), 13.
beatus (Ichneumon), 127.
beskei (Joppa), 12.
bicolor (Dinotomus), 61-63.

(Joppa), 10.

(Trogus), 62, 63.

bicoloratus (Exetastes), 143, 145.
bifasciata (Macrojoppa), 38, 42.
bifasciatus (Ischnopus), 54.
bilimeki (Joppa), 12.
bilineata (Callojoppa), 87.
bilineatus (Coelichneumon), 12],

125.
bimaeulata (Joppa), 16, 31.

(Microjoppa), 32.

binghami (Protichneumon), 105.
binotulata (Joppa), 14.
biplagiata (Joppa), 13.
bipunctata (Joppa), 31.
bisignata (Joppa), 13.
bispina (Tetragonoehora), 73.
blandita (Celmis), 95.

162

INDEX.

Iilandita (Ctenochares), 94, 95.

(Macrojoppa), 38, 39.

(Tragus), 39.

bogotensis (Macrojoppa), 38.
bohemani (Aglaojoppa), 112.
buliviana (Macrojoppa), 39.
Iioliviensis (Joppa), 15.
bolteri (Trogus), 83.
brasiliensis (Joppa), 15.

(Tetragonochora), 74. 7G.

braunsi ( Joppa), 11, 18.

(Microjoppa), 1 8.

breviventris (Ichneumon), 45.
brallei (Trogus), 82, 84.
brunneipennis (Trogus). 83. 86.
brunnii (Joppa), 15, 28.

(Microjoppa), 28.

buccatus (Trogus), 84.
burmeisteri (Joppa), 11, 18.
(Microjoppa), 18.

caerulea (Cyanojoppa), 124.
caeruleator (Ichneumon), 65.
caeruleicaudis (Coelichneumon ).

123, 124.

(Cyanojoppa), 124.

caeruleodorsata (Aglaojoppa), 113.
caerulescens (Aglaojoppa), 113, 114.
caeruleus (Coelichneumon), 123

12.'). 127.

(Ichneumon), 127.

calif ornica (Macrojoppa), 65.
calobatus (Exetastes), 144, 14(1.
Camarota, 9.
canadensis (Joppa), 131.

(Trogus), 83.

carinifrons (Joppa), Hi. 29.

(Microjoppa), 29.

cariniscutis (Aglaojoppa), 113.
castaneiventris (Coelichneumon),

121.
Catadelphus, 8, 79.
Celmis, 93.

Ceratogaster, 136, 141.
Ceratosoma, 141.
chalybaeus (Coelichneumon), 125,

128.
chalybeus (Ichneumon), 128.
chinensis (Trogus), 83, 87.
rhiriquensis (Joppa), 13, 23.
cholula (Aglaojoppa), 118. 119.

(Ichneumon), 1 19.

cinctipes (Conopyge), 46.

. (Exetastes), 143, 144.

(Ichneumon), 144.

(Joppa), 13.

cingulata (Cratojoppa), 110.
clavicorne (Labium), 151.

Coelichneumon, 9, 120.
coelopyga (Dinotomus), 62, 68.
cognatoria (Hadrojoppa), 108
btoriue (Ichneumon), 108.
comitator (Coelichneumon ), 121.
compressus (Ichneumon). 137.
concinna (Joppa), 42.

(Macrojoppa), 38, 42.

concolor (Poecilojoppa), 54.
conflata (Macrojoppa), 38, 42.
confusa (Macrojoppa), 38, 41.
conica (Conopyge). 4ti. 47.

(Joppa), 47.

Conopyge, 7, 46.
consimilis (Coelichneumon), 121.
copei (Trogus), 83.
coqueberti (Ichneumon), 104.
corrugata (Epijoppa). 50, 52.

(Joppa), 52.

crassispina (Xant ho joppa), 90.
crassus (Exetastes), 14-1, 147.
Cratojoppa, 9, 109-
eruentator (Alomyia), 155.
Cryptojoppa, 8.
Cryptopyge, 7, 34.
Ctenochares, 8, 93.
curtispina (Acanthojoppa). 91.
cuspidiger (Tricyphus), 8(i.

(Trogus), 83, 86.

cyaneus (Psilomastax), 63.
cyaniventris (/Aglaojoppa), 1 1 2.

debellator (Alomyia), 156.

(Ichneumon), 15(>.

decrescens (Aglaojoppa), 112.
degener (Leptobatus), 149.
democraticus (Ichneumon), 119.
dentipes (Microjoppa), 27.
derasus (Coelichneumon), 121.
devinctor (Ichneumon), 102.

(Protichneumon), 101, 102.

didymoneura (Joppa), 11.
dimidiata (Epijoppa), 50, 52.

(Joppa), 11. 20.

Dinotomus, 7, 61.
diploneura (Microjoppa), 20.
discifera (Tetragonochora), 74.
discophora (Joppa), 13.
disparis (Protichneumon), 101.

(Sphex), 101.

distinguens (Joppa). 16, 30.
doraata (Joppa). 14. 25.
doraisignatus (Coelichneumon). 120.
doraosignata (Joppa), 14. 2i>.
(Microjoppa), 2<>.

DORYPHORAE, 8.

dromedariu* (Joppa), 15.
dudgeoni (Acanthojoppa). 91.

I N I ) E \ .

163

Eccoptosage, 8.

edwardsi (Dinotomus), 62, 67.

(Trogus), 67.

elegans (Joppa), 17, 41.

(Macrojoppa), 38, 41.

(Trogus), 84.

elegantula (Joppa), 17, 33, 39-
Epijoppa, 7, 49.
Eponites, 136, 139.
erythrogaster (Ichneumon), 104.

(Protichneumon), 101, 104.

erythropyga (Oedicephalus). 70,

71.
eucoelea (Epijoppa), 50, 52.
Eujoppa, 7, 34.
exaltatorius (Ichneumon), s7.

- (Trogus), S3, ST.
excellens (Trogus), 82, 84.
exesorius (Trogus), 65.
Exetastes, 136, 142.
extremis (Joppa), 16, 30.

falcator (Banchus), 138.
falcatorius (Ichneumon), 138.
fasciata (Joppa), 24.

(Microjoppa), 24.

fasciatus (Ceratogaster apicalis),

141, 142.
fasciipennis (Dinotomus), 62, (iS.

(Joppa), 24.

fascipennis (Trogus), (is.
femorata (Aglaojoppa), 113.

(Exetastes), 143, 145.

(Xanthojoppa), 90.

fenestrata (Joppa), 10.
ferrugator (Banchus), 138.

(Ichneumon), 138.

ferruginous (Banchus), 138.
flammipennis (Trogus), 82, 85.
flavatorius (Ichneumon), 101.
flavescena (Banchus), 137.
flavidorbitalis (Acanthojoppa), 91,

92.
1 1 ha idornatus ( Protichneumon), 105.
flavinerva (Microjoppa), 25.
flavipennis (Dinotamus), 02, 68.

(Microjoppa), 24.

(Trogus), 68.

flavipes (Conopyge), 40.
Ilavitarsis (Ichneumon), 108.
flavitarsus (Exetastes) 144.
flavolineata (Aglaojoppa), 113.
flavomaculata (Aglaojoppa), 113.

(Atanyjoppa), 57.

flavonigra (Tetragonochoia). 74, 77.
flavovariegatus (Banchus), 137.
fletcheri (Dinotomus), 62, 65.
(Trogus), 65.

fornicator (Exetastes), 144. 146.
forticornis (Hadrojoppa), 107.
fortispina (Oedicephalus), 70, 71.
fuliginosa (Joppa), 12.
fulva (Macrojoppa), 39, 45.
fulvipes (Dinotomus), 62, 64.

(Ileanta), 109.

(Trogus), 64.

fumibasis (Joppa), 12, 22.

(Microjoppa), 22.

fumipennis (Hadrojoppa), 107.

(Joppa), 10, 17.

fumosa (Epijoppa), 50, 51.

furcifera (Joppa), 15.

furcula (Joppa), 15.

fuscata (Joppa), 10.

fuscator (Echthromorpha), 159.

fuscipennis (Amblyteles), 105.

(Joppa), 10.

(Protichneumon), 10 1, 105,

106.

(Trogus), 65.

fuscipes' (Coelichnieumon), 1 2o.
fusorius (Ichneumon), 103.
(Protichneumon), 101, 103.

geminata (Joppa), 16, 32.

(Microjoppa), 32.

geniculata (Joppa), 13. 23.

(Xanthojoppa). 90.

glaucidatus (Oedicephalus), 70.
godwin-austeri (Ichneumon), 124.
gracilicornis (Oedicephalus), 70.
graeca (Branchoides), 139.
grandis (Holojoppa), 79

(Ichneumon), 102.

(Protichneumon), 101, 102.

gravenhorsti (Ichneumon ), 59.

(Pedinopelte), 58, 59.

guttatorius (Exetastes), 143, 145.

Hadrojoppa, 9, 10<>.
haematodes (Macrojoppa), 38, 41.
haematogaster (Macrojoppa), 39.
Hemijoppinae, 7.

aciculatae, 7.

Henicophatnus. 8, 88.
hilaris (Joppa), 12, 22.
histrio (Poeeilo joppa), 54.
Holojoppa, 8, 78.
Holojoppinae, 7.
Hoplojoppa, 8.
hypoxantha (Joppa), 1 1 .

Ileanta, 9, 108.
illusor (Exetastes), 143, 145.
illyricus (Exetastes), 143, 14 4.
immaculata (Lindigia), 48.

164

INDEX .

imperialis (Macrojoppa), 39, 44.
impressor (Coelichneumon), 121.
inclyta (Joppa), 41.

(Macrojoppa), 38, 41.

(Trogus), 41.

inclica ( Acanthojoppa), ',11, 92.
inquisitor (Exetastes), 144, 140.
insolens (Ichneumon), 131.
instructor (Ctenochares), 93, 94.

(Ichneumon), 94.

iridipennis (Aglaojoppa), 113, 114.

(Prot ichneumon), 106.

Ischnojoppa, 9, 97.
Ischnopus, 7, 54.

jesperi (Ichneumon), 104.

(Prot ichneumon), 101, 104.

Joppa, 7, 9.

Joppidks, 1-134.
Joppites, 93.

kriechbaumeii (Eujoppa), 31.

Labium, 136, 150.
laeva (Cryptopyge), 35.
laevigator (Exetastes), 113, 145.
larninata (Joppa), 11, IS.

(Microjoppa), IS.

laminatoria (Hadrojoppa), 10S.
laminatorius (Ichneumon), 108.
lapidator (Dinotomus), 02, 05.

(Ichneumon), 05.

larvata (Joppa), 15.
latebalteata (Xanthojoppa), 90.
latemaculata (Aglaojoppa), 113.
latitarsis (Ileanta), 109.
lepida (Tetragonochnra), 73.
Leptobates, 136.
Leptobatus, 149.

leucocerus (Coelichneumon), 120.
limbata (Joppa), 16, 32.

(Microjoppa), 32.

Lindigia, 7, 48.
lindigii (Joppa), 12.
linearis (Joppa), 15, 2S.

(Microjoppa), 28.

lineator (Coelichneumon), 121.
lineiger (Oedicephalus), 70, 71.
liocnemis (Coelichneumon), 121.
longiceps (Isehnopns), .">4.
longiconiis (Oedicephalus), 70.
lutea (Acanthojoppa), 91.

— (Joppa), 97.
luteator (Ichneumon), 1)7.

(Ischnojoppa), 07.

lutorius (Ichneumon), 87.
(Trogus), 83, 87.

L2H

130.

Macrojoppa, 7, 3P.
maculata (Cratojoppa), I 10.
maculieeps (Aglaojoppa), 113, 115.

■ (Protichneumon), 100.

maculicollis (Joppa), 77.

— (Protichneumon), 100.

— (Tetragonochora), 74, 77.
maculicornis (Joppa)s 21.
macuhcoxis (Joppa), II, lit.

— (Microjoppa), 10.
maeuligera (Joppa), 12.
maculipennis (Pedinopelto), 58, 59
maculipes (Aglaojoppa), 113.

(.Atanyjoppa). 57.
maculiscutis (Aglaojoppa), 113, 115.
maculosa (Atanyjoppa), 57.

(Joppa), 57.

inaculosus (Ichneumon). 57.
madecassa (Ctenochares), 04, 96.
major (Joppa), 10.
malacus (Coelichneumon), 120, 131.

— (Ichneumon), 131.
marginalis (Joppa), 14.
tnarginipennis (Trogus), 82, 85
maurator (Coelichneumon),

131.

— (Joppa), 131.

(Tetragonochora), 131.

maurus (Coelichneumon), 12(>

— (Exetastes), 144.

(Ichneumon), 130.

nielanaspis (Joppa), 13.
melanocephala (Joppa), 10, 20.
melanoptera (Protichneumon), 100.
melanopyga (Joppa), 78.

(Tetragonochora), 74, 78.

melanosticta (Joppa), 14.
m.'lunostigma (Joppa), 14, 27.
inclanurus (Ischnopus), 54.
mellea (Joppa), 10, 17.

(Microjoppa), 17.

niellosus (Trogus), 84.
meridionalis (Ichneumon), 102.

(Protichneumon). 101, 102.

mesopyrrha (Joppa), l(i.
mesoxantha (Joppa), 11, IS.

(Microjoppa), IS.

metzii (Tetragonochora), 74.

mcxicanus (Ichneumon), 133.

Microjoppa, 9.

Microsage, 9, 99.

microstictus (CoeUehneumon), 211.

mikado (Hoplismenus), 87.

minor (Alomyia debellator), 157.

(Joppa), 15.

mocsaryi (Pedinopel)o), .">*, 00.
modesta (Joppa), 12, 21.
moestus (Coelichneumon), 121.

INDEX.

1 65

moritzi (Joppa), 16.
multiplagiata (Lindigia), 48.
multiplagiatus (Ichneumon), 48.

navus (Coelichneumon), 1 — <►, 129.

■ — ■ — (Ichneumon), 129.
neutralis (Ichneumon), 129.
nigef (Exetastes), 148.

- (Ichneumon), 129.
nigra (Macrojoppa), 38, 40.
nigriceps (Joppa), 11, 20.
nigricoxata (Epijoppa), 50, 53.
nigricoxis (Joppa), 12.
nigripes (Exetastes), 143, 144.
nigriventris (Trogus), 83.
riigrocaerulea (Aglaojoppa), L 13

115.

(Cyanojoppa), 124.

nigrocaeruleus (Coelichneumon ),

123, 124.
nigrocyaneus (Catadelphus), 80, SI.
nigrofasciata (Joppa). ).">.

(Macrojoppa), 39.

nigrolineata (Acanthojoppa), 91.

(Xanthojoppa), 90.

nigromaculata (Acanthojoppa), 91.
nigronotata (Joppa), 15.
nigrosignata (Macrojoppa), 39, 44.
nitidus (Exetastes), 140.
nobilitator (Banchus), 138.
noctilio (Joppa), 12.
nominator (Ichneumon), 24.

— - (Joppa), 13, 24.
notatus (Exetastes), 143, 145.
nubilipennis (Trogus), 83.

obscurus (Exetastes), 147.
obsidianator (Catadelphus). 80.

(Psilomastax), 80.

■ (Trogus), 64, 80.

obtusa (Cryptopyge), 35, 36.
occidentalis (Trogus), 83.
ochracea (Lindigia) 48.
odiosus (Coelichneumon), 120, 130.

(Ichneumon), 130.

Oedicephalus, 8, 69.
olfersi (Ischnopus), 54.

■ ■ (Microsage), 99.

opiniosa (Aglaojoppa), 118.
opiniosus (Ichneumon), 118.
orientalis (Dinotomus) 02, 07.

(Pedinopelte), 58, 60.

(Psilomastax, 07.

omata (Joppa),' 11, 20.
omaticeps (Crato joppa), 111.
ornaticornis (Trogus), 84.
ovator (Ichneumon), 150.

palpalis (Banchus), I .".7.
paraguayensis (.Joppa), 10.
parva (Joppa), 14.
parviceps (Macrojoppa), 55.
parvula (Joppa), 12.
Pedinopelte, 7, 58.
pepsoides (Trogus). S3. 87.
periscelis (Coelichneumon). 120.
persicus (Protichneumon), 101, 104.
peruana (Joppa). 11.
pervagus (Ichneumon), 129.
petiolaris (Alomyia), 150.
piceipennis (Protichneumon), 106.
picta (Cryptopyge). 34, 35.

(Joppa), 35.

pictus (Banchus), 137.

(Dinotomus), 02, 04.

(Psilomastax), 64.
pisorius (Ichneumon), 104.

— (Protichneumon), 101.
placidus ( Ichneumon), 103.

(Protichneumon), 101.

Poecilojoppa, 7, 54.
polychroa (Tetragonocl x > ra
polysticta (Macrojoppa), 38.
polyxantha (Microjoppa), 25.
pompeji (Dinotomus), 61, ti2.
prolixus (Coelichneumon), 120, 134.

(Ichneumon), 134.

properatus (Coelichneumon

127.
proteus (Ichneumon), 108.
Protichneumon, 9, 100.
Psilomastax, 61.
pulcher (Coelichneumon), 125, 1

(Ichneumon), 127.

pulcherrimus (Trogus), 83, 80.
pulchra (Macrojoppa), 39.
pulchripennis (Cryptopyge ), 35,

(Joppa), 37.

(Trogus), 37.

pulchripes (Joppa), 4 5.
pulvinata (Joppa), 12.
pusillus (Oedicephalus), 70.

104.

103.

73.

I:

quadrilineolata (Joppa), 16.
quadrimaculata (Aglaojoppa)

116.
quadrinotata (Joppa), 17.
quebecensis (Trogus). S,->».
quinquemaculata (Aglaojopp

radians (Joppa), 12, 22.

(Microjoppa), 22.

renovatus (Coelichneumon),
125.

rileyi (Trogus), 8 1.
robusta (Cratojoppa \ 110.

L3,

,11?

123,

I (Hi

INDEX.

rogersi (Joppa), 20.
rothneyi (Aglaojoppa), 114.

(Protichneumon), 105.

rubene (Coelichneumon), 121.
rubricate (Epijoppa), 50, 5:5.
rubricomutus (Ichneumon), NT.
rubrinotum (Exetastes), 148.
rubyatus (Ceratogaster), 141, 142.
rudis (Coelichneumon), 120.

rufa (Ischnopus), 54, '^'t.

(Joppa), 55, 97.

(Macrojoppa), 3D, 45.

— ■ — (Rodvvayia), 75.

(Tetragonochora), 74. 75.

ruficauda (Coelichneumon), 12L

(Protichneumon), 100.

ruficeps (Protichneumon), 106.
luficornis (Eponites), 140.
lufipes (Protichneumon), 105.
rufithorax (Henicophatnus), 89.
rufiventris (Ichneumon), 103.

(Protichneumon), 101, 103.

(Tetragonochora), 74.

rufobalteatus (Protichneumon), 105"
rufocinctus (Protichneumon), 105.
rufofemorata (Aglaojoppa), 114,

116.

(Cyanojoppa), 123.

rufofemoratus (Coelichneumon),

1 23.

(Exetastes), 148.

rufomaculata (Atanyjoppa), 57.
rufus (Bodargus), 97.

- (Ceratogaster), 141, 142.

- (Exetastes), 142.
(Ischnopus), 55.

sathanas (Aglaojoppa), 114, 117.
schizaspis (Acanthojoppa), 90, 91.
schizoaspis (Acanthojoppa), 91.
scutellaris (Eponites), 140.

- (Exetastes), 147.

(Ischnopus), 54, 55.

(Microjoppa ), 27.

scutellata (Tetragonochora), 74.
securigera (Joppa geniculata), 13.

(Microjoppa), 23.

semihyalina (Joppa), 33.
serricornis (Coelichneumon), 126,

I 32.

(Ichneumon), 132.

setigera (Joppa), 17, 32.

(Microjoppa), 32.

setosa (Joppa), 15.
sieberi (Microsage), 99.
silvatica (Alomyia debellator), 157.
similis (Joppa}. 15.

(Macrojoppa), 39.

sinister (Coelichneumon), 120.

sinuata (Joppa), 14.

sororius (Ichneumon (Oedicepha

lus)), 70.

(Oedicephalus), 70, 71.

spinosa (Atanyjoppa). 57.
spinosus (Banchus), 137.

(Dinotomus), <il, (i3.

sponsatorius (Coelichneumon), 12ti,

133.

(Ichneumon), 133.

stapedifera (Macrojoppa), 38, 43.
Stenolonche, 9.

stigmatica (Joppa), 15, 28.
stigmaticus (Catadelphus), sit. si.
stigulifera (Joppa), 13, 24.
Stirojoppa, 8, 96.
striata (Cyanojoppa), 124.
striatus (Coelichneumon), 123, 121.
strigosa (Cratojoppa), 111.
st rigulifera (Microjoppa), 24.
subfasciatus (Ischnopus), 54, '>'<.
subseciva (Aglaojoppa), 118. 120.
subsecivus (Ichneumon), 120.
subvittata (Joppa), 16, 30.

(Microjoppa), 30.
suffraganea (Aglaojoppa), lis. 111).
suffraganeus (Ichneumon), 119.
suffultus (Coelichneumon), 126, 132.

(Ichneumon), 132.

sugillatorius (Aglaojoppa), 112.
sumichrasti (Joppa), 13, 22.
superbus (Banchus), 137.
surinamensis (Joppa), 14, 24.

(Macrojoppa), 38.

( Microjoppa), 24.

taeniopterus (Ischnopus), 55.
tarsalis (Tetragonochora), 71, 78.
ta ichenbergi (Macrojoppa), 38.
testacea (Ctenochares), 93, 94.
testaceus (Ctenochares), 94.
Tetragonochora, 8, 72.
theronioides (Tetragonochora), 74,

76.
thoracica (Joppa), 10, 17.
thoracicus (Dinotomus), <>2, ii<>.

(Trogus), 66.

tibialis (Conopyge), 4(i.

(Ichneumon). 102.

(Protichneumon), 105.

tinctipennis (Acanthojoppa), 91,

92.
torvinus (Ichneumon), 130.
triangulifera (Joppa), 13.
tricolor (Acanthojoppa), (.)1, 92.

(Ciyptopyge), 35, 3(i.

trifasciata (Macrojoppa), 39, 4b.

TXDEX.

167

trilineata (Xanthojoppa), 90.
trochanterata (Ileanta), 100.
trogiformis (Ichneumon), 72.

(Trogomorpha), 72.

Trogomorpha, 8,71.
Trogus, 8, 81.

trunculenta (Atanyjoppa), 57, 58.

(Ichneumon), 58.

undatipennis (Joppa), 10.
unicolor (Cryptopyge), 35, 37.
unifasciatorius (Coelichneumon),
126, 129.

(Ichneumon), 129.

unistriolata (Joppa), 12.

vacillans (Exetastes), 149.

(Ichneumon), 149.

valladoledensis (Aglaojoppa ).
120.

(Ichneumon), 120.

varia (Lindigia), 48.
variabilis (Epijoppa), 50, 52.

(Joppa), 12, 14, 27.

(Microjoppa), 27.

varians (Joppa), 16, 29.

(Microjoppa), 29.

variegata (Ciyptopyge), 35, 157.

(Poecilojoppa), 54.

variegator (Banchus), 137.

(Ichneumon), 137.

variicornis (Acanthojoppa), 91.

(Protiehneumon), 106.

variipes (Protiehneumon), 106.
variolosa (Joppa), 33.
varipes (Joppa), 33.
venezuelana (Joppa), 13.
verecunda (Epijoppa), 50, 51.

(Joppa), 51.

verimaculata (Microjoppa), 32.
verticalis (Joppa), 17.
vespertilio (Joppa), 11, 21.

(Microjoppa), 21.

vicinus (Oedicephalus), 7').
vigilator (Ctenochares), 91, 96.
(Ichneumon), 96.

118.

viola (Coelichneumon), 126, 130.

(Ichneumon), 130.

violaceipennis (Aglaojoppa), 113,

116.

(Pedinopelte), 58, 60.

(Protiehneumon), 106.

(Stirojoppa), 97.

violaceus (Dinotomus), 61, 63.

(Psilomastax), 63.

■ ■ (Trogus). 82. 85.

( Tricyphus). 85.

virescens (Coelichneumon). 125.128.

(Ichneumon), 128.

viridis (Tetragonochora), 74.
viridissimus (Coelichneumon), 125,

128.
vittifrons (Coelichneumon ), 12li,

128.

(Ichneumon), 128.

vulpinus (Dinotomus), 62, 65.

(Tricyphus), 88.

(Trogus), 65, 84, S8

W-album (Coelichneumon), 126,
133.

(Ichneumon), 133.

watertoni (Stenichneumon), 133.
winthemi (Joppa), 14.

xanthogaster (Tetragonochora). 74.
Xanthojoppa, 8, 89.
xanthomelaena (Joppa), 1 5.
xanthopsis (Acanthojoppa), 91. 92.
xanthostigma (Joppa), 14, 27.
xanthostoma (Joppa), 2:5.

( geniculata), 13.

xuthi (Dinotomus), 62, ii7.
— ■ — (Psilomastax). 67.

yucatanensis (Ichneumon), 1 1 8.

zapotecus (Coelichneumon). 120,
134.

(Ichneumon), 134.

zonata (Joppa), 11.

JOPPA NOMINATOR Fab. ?

x V

■I

-W;v^:

wttml

mm

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

3 9088 00575 9253