SWISS JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE TOME 111—FASCICULE 4 Publication subventionnée par: ACADEMIE SUISSE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (SCNAT) VILLE DE GENEVE SOCIETE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE VOLKER MAHNERT Directeur du Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genéve CHARLES LIENHARD Chargé de recherche au Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genéve Comité de lecture Il est constitué en outre du président de la Société suisse de Zoologie, du directeur du Muséum de Genève et de représentants des instituts de zoologie des universités suisses. Les manuscrits sont soumis à des experts d'institutions suisses ou étrangères selon le sujet étudié. La préférence sera donnée aux travaux concernant les domaines suivants: biogéo- graphie, systématique, évolution, écologie, éthologie, morphologie et anatomie comparée, physiologie. Administration MUSEUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 1211 GENÈVE 6 Internet: http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/mhng/page/rsz.htm PRIX DE L’ABONNEMENT: SUISSE Fr. 225.— UNION POSTALE Fr. 230.— (en francs suisses) Les demandes d’abonnement doivent être adressées à la rédaction de la Revue suisse de Zoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Suisse ANNALES de la SOCIETE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE et du MUSEUM D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE de la Ville de Geneve tome 111 fascicule 4 2004 & 3 ; FL GENEVE DÉCEMBRE 2004 ISSN 0035 - 418 X SWISS JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE TOME 111—FASCICULE 4 Publication subventionnée par: ACADÉMIE SUISSE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (SCNAT) VILLE DE GENÈVE SOCIÉTÉ SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE VOLKER MAHNERT Directeur du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève CHARLES LIENHARD Chargé de recherche au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève Comité de lecture Il est constitué en outre du président de la Société suisse de Zoologie, du directeur du Muséum de Genève et de représentants des instituts de zoologie des universités suisses. Les manuscrits sont soumis à des experts d'institutions suisses ou étrangères selon le sujet étudié. La préférence sera donnée aux travaux concernant les domaines suivants: biogéo- graphie, systématique, évolution, écologie, éthologie, morphologie et anatomie comparée, physiologie. Administration MUSÉUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 1211 GENÈVE 6 Internet: http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/mhng/page/rsz.htm PRIX DE L’ABONNEMENT: SUISSE Fr. 225.— UNION POSTALE Fr. 230. — (en francs suisses) Les demandes d’abonnement doivent être adressées à la rédaction de la Revue suisse de Zoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Suisse REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 685-690; décembre 2004 A new racer of the genus Platyceps Blyth from Djibouti (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae) Beat SCHÄTTI! & Ivan INEICH? ! Apartado postal 383, San Miguel de Allende, Gto. 37700, Republica Mexicana. 2 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département d’Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Bat. 30 (Reptiles et Amphibiens), 25 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France [ineich @ mnhn.fr]. A new racer of the genus Platyceps Blyth from Djibouti (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). - Platyceps afarensis sp. n. is described on the basis of two specimens from Djibouti. The new species is compared with presumed congeneric racers from Eastern Africa. P. afarensis is probably most closely related to P. rhodorachis auct. The systematics of some East African racers are briefly reviewed. Keywords: Platyceps afarensis sp. n. - morphology - systematics - P. floru- lentus group - P. rhodorachis - Horn of Africa - Djibouti. INTRODUCTION The racer genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860 as understood at the moment of this wri- ting includes, for instance, the P. najadum group (P. collaris, P. najadum, P. schmidt- leri) from the Balkans to Turkmenistan (Kopet Dag), the Sindian type species P. ventromaculatus (Gray, 1834), a species complex from the Himalayas to the Hoggar (Algeria) commonly referred to P. rhodorachis (Jan, 1863), Arabian endemics such as P. elegantissimus (Giinther, 1879) and P. variabilis (Boulenger, 1905), and the P. florulentus group from Egypt to Cameroon and Tanzania. Three racer species are reported from the immediate African coast of the southern Red Sea, i.e., Platyceps largeni (Schätti, 2001), an endemic of the Dahlak archipelago (Eritrea), P. taylori (Parker, 1949) from southern Eritrea to NW Somalia and adjacent areas of Ethiopia, and P. rhodorachis subniger (Boettger, 1893) from mainland Eritrea and the Dahlak islands to northern Somalia. A field trip by the junior author to Djibouti in April 1999 resulted in many amphibian and reptile species formerly not recorded from this country including, for instance, Platyceps taylori and Eirenis africana (Ineich, 2003). Collecting by French military personnel after this expedition procured further reptile species including two racer specimens that are new and which are described in this paper. They are deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Morphological terms and definitions used in the following text are explained in Schätti (1988) and Schätti & Charvet (2003). Manuscript accepted 26.04.2004 686 B. SCHÄTTI & I. INEICH Platyceps afarensis sp. n. — Afar racer Diagnosis. Dorsal scales in 21 rows on anterior part of trunk and at midbody, 251-258 ventrals in males (females unknown), 143-144 subcaudals, and 19 maxillary teeth. Description of holotype (MNHN 2001.650, adult male: Arta, Djibouti). Head 2.34 times longer than broad. Frontal 2.29 times longer than width across the lateral projections; 1.16 times longer than median suture between parietals. Loreal elongate, much longer than high, deeper posteriorly. Nine supralabials, fifth and sixth in contact with orbit, seventh and ninth largest. Preocular single. Anterior subocular preventing fourth supralabial from entering the eye. An additional small scale between the subocular, third and fourth supralabial, loreal, and preocular on left side (Fig. 1). Two postoculars. Temporals 1+3 (right) and 2+3. Ten sublabials, the first five in contact with anterior inframaxillary, sixth largest. Anterior pair of in- framaxillaries broader and shorter than posterior; the latter slightly separated anteriorly by two rows of small scales and divergent posteriorly (three rows of elongate scales). Fic. 1 Platyceps afarensis sp. n. Lateral head view of holotype (MNHN 2001.650). Two preventrals, 251 ventrals; anal scute divided, 144 paired subcaudals. Dorsal scales with paired apical pits; in 21 rows on anterior part of trunk (counted at 20th ventral) and at midbody, 13 in front of vent. Bilateral reduction of dorsal scale rows at ventral 144 involving eighth and ninth (left) and ninth and tenth row (right), 153 (third and fourth and second and third, respectively), 177 (sixth and seventh), and between ventrals 225 and 246 (sixth and seventh row, scalation partly damaged). Total length 1035 (740 + 295) mm. Pileus (in formalin) dark; supralabials, preocular, and postoculars mostly light; chin uniformly light. Scales on neck and first third of body dark anteriorly, with a fine yellowish-white medial line and light posterior lateral edges. Venter possibly yellowish, with dots; darker dorsal coloration extending to lateral edges of ventrals. A NEW PLATYCEPS FROM DJIBOUTI 687 Left maxillary with 17 subisodont teeth, followed by a diastema and two larger teeth (last set off laterad). Basis of hemipenis smooth, followed by fine spines (apical ornamentation unknown). Variation in paratype (MNHN 2001.651, subadult: Arta, Djibouti). Supra- labials, preocular, anterior subocular, postoculars, sublabials, inframaxillary scales, and maxillary dentition as in holotype but with a presubocular on both sides. Temporals 2+3; an additional scale between the anterior temporals, the lower postocular, and the sixth and seventh supralabial. 258 ventrals, 143 subcaudals. Dorsals in 21 rows at the 20t ventral and midbody, and 15 in front of anal scute; reduction at ventral 153 (rows 8-10=9), 157-158 (3+4=3), and 186-188 (7+8=7). Total length 437 (320+117) mm. Dorsal coloration brownish (in formaline), venter pearly iridescent. Derivatio nominis. The species is named after the Afar tribe of Djibouti and adjacent regions. Distribution. Both specimens were collected by personnel of the ‘CECAP’ military site at Arta (11°31’N 42°51’E, approx. 705 m a.s.l.) in 1999 and 2000. The distribution of, and precise ecological information on, Platyceps afarensis pend further investigation. The Arta area comprises three main botanical associations (steppe profiles). Rhigozum somalense, Acacia tortilis, A. horrida, and Balanites rotundifolia grow along wadis. This vegetation type is characterized by the reduced herbaceous strata due to the arid climat. The arbustive steppe with up to 2 m high Rhigozum somalense and Caesalpinia erianthera (herbaceous strata sometimes absent) is predominant along hillsides south of Arta, roughly from Ouhea to the Bara depression. The herbaceous steppe (mainly Cymbopogon schoenanthus) is found in valleys. COMPARISON Platyceps afarensis clearly differs in external morphological features from con- generic species recorded from the area under consideration including P. florulentus auct. which has not yet been collected from Djibouti proper. Platyceps rhodorachis subniger (see Systematic Remarks) has 19 dorsal scale rows along the anterior part of the body, 208-228 ventrals, and 112-132 subcaudals (Parker, 1949; Schätti, unpubl.). This racer occurs in the Afar area (e.g., MNHN 2001.649 and 2001.652-653) and sympatry with P. afarensis is likely. Midbody dorsal scale counts of 21-23 are characteristic for Platyceps f. floru- lentus and P. taylori. However, these species have distinctly fewer ventrals and sub- caudals than P. afarensis, up to ca. 230 and 105 or less, respectively, in the former and less than 200 and 100, respectively, in Taylor’s racer (Schätti, 1988). Populations of Platyceps r. rhodorachis auct. from Egypt to south-eastern Algeria (Hoggar, Tibesti) and Nubia attain ventral and subcaudals counts similar to those recorded for the new species, i.e., 245-262 and 136-154, respectively (Boulenger, 1893; Anderson, 1898; Kramer & Schnurrenberger, 1963). However, this taxon has only 19 dorsal scale rows along the anterior part of the trunk and at midbody, and there is a geographical gap including most of Sudan as well as Ethiopia and Eritrea separating P. rhodorachis auct. from the Afar racer (Schätti & McCarthy, 2004). 688 B. SCHÄTTI & I. INEICH Racer species mentioned above except Platyceps r. rhodorachis auct. differ from P. afarensis in maxillary dentition, viz., 16 or fewer teeth versus 19 in the new species. Morphological difference is even more pronounced between P. afarensis and P. b. brevis from Somalia with 158-183 ventrals, 80-95 subcaudals, usually 17-19 dorsal scale rows at midbody (rarely 21 in southern populations), and 14 or fewer maxillary teeth (Schätti & Charvet, 2003). SYSTEMATIC REMARKS Platyceps rhodorachis subniger (Boettger, 1893) may be specifically different from northern African P. rhodorachis auct. (Schätti, 1989; in prep.). The latter populations belong to a new species (Schätti & McCarthy, 2004). The mainly Afrotropical Platyceps florulentus group is considered to be com- posed of P. brevis (Boulenger, 1895), P. florulentus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827), P. largeni (Schätti, 2001), P. messanai (Schätti & Lanza, 1989), P. somalicus (Boulenger, 1896), P. taylori (Parker, 1949), and a yet undescribed species from Ethiopia (Schätti, 2001; Schätti & Utiger, 2001; Schätti & Charvet, 2003). This cluster is quite hetero- geneous as to external morphological characters. P. somalicus, only known from the fe- male holotype (Audo Mts., Ethiopia), has solely 15 longitudinal dorsal scale rows at midbody and eight supralabials. P. florulentus perreti (Schätti, 1988) from Nigeria and Cameroon with 25 dorsals at midbody and nine supralabials probably deserves species status (Schätti & Utiger, 2001: 922). Supposed plesiomorphic character states (see below) of eastern African racers (P. brevis, P. messanai, P. somalicus) and their presumed close relationship to the P. florulentus group (Schätti & Charvet, 2003) require re-evaluation as briefly notified by Schätti & Monsch (2004). A high degree of fragmentation of lateral head scales and other features (e.g., heterogeneous paraventral scale rows) as found in Spalerosophis spp. and the mono- typic insular endemic Hemerophis socotrae (Günther, 1881) may be plesiomorphic conditions. This hypothesis is supported by certain character states of Coluber [sensu lato] zebrinus Broadley & Schätti, 1999 from Namibia, the terminal taxon of an early evolutionary lineage among Old World racers with nine supralabials, 21 dorsal scale rows, as well as comparatively high maxillary tooth counts (19). Based on a relatively high number of lateral head scales, ventrals, dorsal scale rows at midbody, and maxillary teeth, Platyceps afarensis may be a primitive racer taxon. Additional specimens and further investigations including more characters and molecular data are necessary to establish the phylogenetic relationships of the Afar racer. In spite of the number of dorsal scale rows (21), we are inclined to consider the new species most closely related to P rhodorachis auct. on the basis of overall morphology. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr Bertrand Lafrance (Djibouti) provided help to obtain the specimens described in this paper. Aurélien Mirallés (Paris) took the photograph of the holotype. A NEW PLATYCEPS FROM DJIBOUTI 689 REFERENCES ANDERSON, J. 1898. Zoology of Egypt. Vol. 1. Reptilia and Batrachia. London, B. Quaritch, LXV + 371 pp. BOETTGER, O. 1893. Übersicht der von Prof. C. Keller anlässlich der Ruspoli’schen Expedition nach den Somaliländern gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. Zoologischer Anzeiger 416: 113-119. BLYTH, E. 1860. Report of Curator, Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 29 (1): 87-115. BOULENGER, G. A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1. London, Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), XII + 448 pp. BOULENGER, G. A. 1895. Esplorazione del Giuba e dei suoi affluenti compiuta dal Cap. V. Bòttego durante gli anni 1892-93 sotto gli auspici della Società Italiana. Risultati zoolo- gici. 2. Rettili e batraci. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria (2) 15: 9-18. BOULENGER, G. A. 1896. A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prince Eugenio Ruspoli in Somaliland and Gallaland in 1893. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria (2) 17: 5-14. BOULENGER, G. A. 1905. Description of three new snakes discovered in South Arabia by Mr. G. W. Bury. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History [7] 16: 178-180. BROADLEY, D. G. & SCHATTI, B. 1999. A new species of Coluber from northern Namibia (Reptilia: Serpentes). Madoqua 19 (2) [1997]: 171-174. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, I. 1827. Description des reptiles qui se trouvent en Egypte (pp. 121- 160). In: SAVIGNY, J. C. Description de Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l’expédition de l‘armée française (1798- 1801). I. Histoire naturelle, Part 1. Paris, Imprimerie Impériale. GRAY, J. E. 1833-1834. Illustrations of Indian Zoology: chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London, Adolphs Richter & Co. and Parbury, Allen & Co. GÜNTHER, A. 1879. On reptiles from Midian collected by Major Burton. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1878] (IV): 977-978. GÜNTHER, A. 1881. Descriptions of the amphisbaenians and ophidians collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881 (ID: 461-463. INEICH, I. 2003. Reptiles et amphibiens de la République de Djibouti. http://bch-cbd.naturalsciences.be/djibouti/contribution/documents.htm JAN, G. 1863. Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l’Iconografia generale. Milano, A. Lombardi, VII + 143 pp. KRAMER, E. & SCHNURRENBERGER, H. 1963. Systematik, Verbreitung und Ökologie der Libyschen Schlangen. Revue suisse de Zoologie 70: 453-568. PARKER, H. W. 1949. The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra islands. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 115 pp. SCHÄTTI, B. 1988. Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of Coluber florulentus (Reptilia Serpentes). Tropical Zoology 1 (1): 95-116. SCHATTI, B. 1989. Amphibien und Reptilien aus der Arabischen Republik Jemen und Djibouti. Revue suisse de Zoologie 96 (4): 905-937. SCHÄTTI, B. 2001. A new species of Coluber (sensu lato) (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae) from the Dahlak islands, Eritrea, with a review of the herpetofauna of the archipelago. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8 (2): 139-148. SCHÄTTI, B. & CHARVET, C. 2003. Systematics of Platyceps brevis (Boulenger 1895) and related East African racers (Serpentes Colubrinae). Tropical Zoology 16: 93-111. SCHÄTTI, B. & LANZA, B. 1989. Coluber messanai, a new species of snake from northern Somalia. Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino 7 (2): 413-421. 690 B. SCHÄTTI & I. INEICH SCHATTI, B. & MCCARTHY, C. 2004. Saharo-Arabian racers of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex — description of a new species (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (4): 691-705. SCHATTI, B. & Monscu, P. 2004. Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of Whip snakes (Hierophis Fitzinger) and Zamenis andreana Werner, 1917 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colu- brinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 239-256. SCHATTI, B. & UTIGER, U. 2001. Hemerophis, a new genus for Zamenis socotrae Giinther, and a contribution to the phylogeny of Old World racers, whip snakes, and related genera (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 108 (4): 919-948. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 691-705; décembre 2004 Saharo-Arabian racers of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex - description of a new species (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae) Beat SCHATTI! & Colin MeCARTHY? ! Apartado postal 383, San Miguel de Allende, Gto. 37700, Republica Mexicana. 2 The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. Saharo-Arabian racers of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex — des- cription of a new species (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). - Platyceps saharicus sp. n. is described from northern Africa and the Near East (Sinai to western Jordan). This species is morphologically distinct from P. rho- dorachis (Jan) and a yet unassigned taxon of the rhodorachis complex. The latter is sympatric with the Sahara racer in Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. Keywords: Platyceps saharicus sp. n. - P. rhodorachis - Platyceps sp. incertae sedis - distribution - systematics. INTRODUCTION Platyceps rhodorachis (Jan, 1863) was described from Shiraz, Iran. The taxon, as understood today, is a wide-ranging species complex comprising populations from the Hoggar (Ahaggar) and Tassili in southeast Algeria and from Somalia to the “Western Himalayas” (Boulenger, 1893). Populations from the Horn of Africa, ori- ginally described as Zamenis ladacensis subnigra Boettger, 1893, are commonly considered a subspecies of Jan’s cliff racer. As far as the Near East is concerned, records of Platyceps rhodorachis auct. are lacking for most of Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia (with the exception of the extreme northwestern corner), and eastern Jordan (e.g., Parker, 1949; Gasperetti, 1988: Fig. 28; Disi et al., 2001). There is reason to assume that this gap reflects the absence of Jan’s cliff racer from the interior of the northern Arabian Peninsula rather than lack of col- lecting activity. Farther west, P. rhodorachis auct. is documented from Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, and on the basis of scattered records from Chad, Libya, and Algeria (e.g., Angel & Lhote, 1938; Kramer & Schnurrenberger, 1963; Mertens, 1969). It has long been known that Platyceps rhodorachis auct. is highly variable in external morphology, and particularly ventral scales (e.g., Anderson, 1895). Anderson (1898), for instance, noted the highest counts in specimens from Egypt, stating that their “lowest number of ventrals [...] is greater than the maximum number from any other localities, with the exception of Midian and the Sinaitic Peninsula”. Soon after, Steindachner (1900) reported considerable variation of ventral and subcaudal scales in Manuscript accepted 11.06.2004 692 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY specimens from Lower Egypt and the northern Red Sea (Shadwan Island). Based on the material deposited in the former British Museum (Natural History), Parker (1949: 31) concluded that “there are indications of the possible existence of distinguishable local races [of rhodorachis auct.], e.g., in Egypt”. Werner (1988: 367) distinguished two “Coluber rhodorachis sspp.” [sic] that “are morphologically distinct [and] well defined geographically, occupying northern vs. southern parts of the Israeli range” (“Perry in MS”). More recently, El-Oran et al. (1994) reported significant variation in ventral scales among Jordan populations. This paper intends to improve our understanding of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex, and is a further step towards a revision of this complicated racer group (see Schätti & Ineich, 2004). Within the scope of this contribution, we re-evaluate northern African and Near East populations commonly referred to Jan’s cliff racer and present a preliminary assessment of western Arabian taxa currently identified as P. rhodorachis auct. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is based on 74 individuals including 38 specimens of the new species and 22 Iranian Platyceps rhodorachis (Appendix). The material is deposited in the following institutions: The Natural History Museum (formerly British Museum [Natural History]), London (BMNH), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge (MCZ), Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève (MHNG), Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), Museo Zoologico dell’ Università [‘La Specola’], Firenze (MZUF), Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel (NHMB), Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW), Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main (SMF), Zoological Museum, University of Tel-Aviv (TAU), and Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (ZFMK). Further acronyms used in the text are CAS (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco), HUJ (Zoological Museum, Hebrew University, Jerusalem), JUM (Jordan University Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Amman), MCC (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola), MUM (Mutah University Museum of Natural History, Jordan), MZUT (Museo Zoologico dell’Universitä, Torino), and ZISP (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg). Morphological terms are explained in Schätti (1988). Numbers in parentheses indicate intraspecific variation. The tail / body length ratio was calculated for adult specimens only. Cephalic measurements were ascertained with a calliper. The head length is in a straight line from the anterior tip of the rostral to the posterior border of the median suture of the parietals. The head width equals the distance between the lateral edge of the supraoculars at the middle of the eye. The frontal length is along the midline from the anterior tip to the posterior border, and its width equals the maximum distance between the lateral projections. The internasal, prefrontal, and parietal length was measured along their respective median suture. The distance from the nostril to the eye is the shortest span from the posterior border of the external nose opening to the orbit. THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 693 Scale formulae give the number of longitudinal dorsal scale rows (dsr) at the 15 ventral, midbody, and five ventrals in front of the anal scute. The reduction pattern on the posterior portion of the trunk is expressed in terms of ventrals and as a per- centage of their total number (%ven), based on the average of the right and left side counts. Maxillary teeth were examined on the right hand side only. The length of the hemipenis in situ (position of the apex) and the insertion of the retractor muscle have been ascertained in terms of subcaudals and are also given in percent of the total number of subcaudals (%sub). The synonyms do not lay claim to be complete but contain most references pre- senting new material or good illustrations. Accession numbers are usually cited only at the first mention of a specimen, and where the material was examined by the authors; holdings mentioned by other authors are given in brackets. Coordinates are from the Gazetteers of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names or the GEONET database (http://earth-info.nima.mil), the pertinent literature (Gasperetti, 1988: Jabal As-Sinfa, Sawawin [see footnote 1]; Harrison & Bates, 1991: Tureibe Plain), file entries of scientific collections (TAU: Tubas, Vaset), and information by staff members (TAU 7059, 11230). RESULTS Platyceps saharicus sp. n. — Sahara racer Coluber florulentus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827 [partim]. - Rüppell, 1845: 308 (“Aegypten”: SMF 18217, see Boettger, 1898). Zamenis ventrimaculatus [sic] (Gray, 1834). - Günther, 1878: 398 (“Midian”: BMNH 77.6.1. 7-8). ?“Zamenis” sp. - Hart, 1891: 25 (“Wady Hessi” [“Jebel Herteh”], see Remarks). Zamenis rhodorhachis [sic] [partim]. - Boulenger, 1893: [381, 383] 399 (“Egypt”, Beni Hassan, “Tel-el-Amarna”: BMNH 97.10.28.544-545, 1963.993); Anderson, 1898: 252 [270], Tb. [unnumbered], Pl. 35 [BMNH 97.10.28.544] (same material including Tor). Zamenis rhodorhachis [sic] var. ladacensis Anderson, 1871. - Boettger, 1898: 44 (“ Tor, Arabien”). Zamenis rhodorhachis [sic] [partim]. - Steindachner, 1900: 334 (“Insel Shadwan” [Jazirat Shakir]: NMW 25444.9), Zamenis rhodorhachis [sic]. - Barbour, 1914: 88 (“Wady Feiran”: MCZ 9856). Coluber rhodorachis. - Flower, 1933: [808] 809 (Wadi “Firan” [Feiran], Wadi Abu “Ghusum”); Scortecci, 1935: 193 (Ain Murr: MZUF 659); Angel & Lhote, 1938: 366 (Djanet [Tassili]: MNHN 1936.105). Coluber rhodorhachis [sic]. - Schmidt & Marx, 1956: 29 (“Wadi el Sheikh” [ash-Shaykh]: FMNH 72108-10 [72109 now in ZISP]). Coluber r. rhodorachis [partim]. - Kramer & Schnurrenberger, 1963: 501 (“Ybbi Bou [...] Tibesti”: BMNH 1958.1.3.93). Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic]. - Marx, 1968: 31, map 23 (“St. Catherine’s Monastery area [+ 5000 ft.], Wadi el Sheikh”; “Helwan, Wadi Hof” [Hulwan, Wadi Hawf]: incl. FMNH 153044). Coluber r. ladacensis [partim]. - Mertens, 1969: 60 (“Hoggar-Berge”: SMF 62785). Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic]. - Werner, 1971: 244, Pl. 6A-B (Petra; “southern Cisjordan”: BMNH 1965.805, FMNH 74405, see Type specimens); Werner, 1973: 24, 41 [map] (see Distribution). Coluber rhodorhachis [sic]. - Branch, 1980: 343, Tb. 2, Pl. 2 [“Saudi Arabia”, BMNH 1978.927, see footnote 1] (karyotype, secondary constriction). ?Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic] [partim]. - Disi et al., 1988: [43] 45 (see Remarks). 694 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic] [partim]. - Gasperetti, 1988: [215] 219 [405, 446], Figs 28 [map] and 30, Pls 5 [BMNH 1978.927] and 6 [“Jabal as Sinfa”, BMNH 1979.708] (see Remarks and footnote 4) D. Coluber rhodorachis ssp. [1]. - Werner, 1988: 367, Tb. 3 (Israel, see Discussion). Coluber rhodorachis [partim]. - Leviton ef al., 1992: 92, PI. 15C [“Jabal as Sinfa, near Wadi Sawawin”, BMNH 1978.927] (see footnote 1). Coluber r. rhodorachis [partim]. - El-Oran et al., 1994: 361, 366, Tb. 3 (Aqaba [MUM 366-67], see Remarks). ?Coluber rhodorhachis [sic]. - Sindaco et al., 1995: 396, PI. 1.4 (Wadi “Ramm” [MCC R635], see Remarks and footnote 3). Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic] [partim?]. - Saleh, 1997: [140] 143, map, Pl. 81 (Lower Egypt and Sinai, see Fig. 2). ?Coluber rhodorachis [partim]. - Disi et al., 2001: 265, map [unnumbered], Figs 188 [Wadi “Ramm”] and 189 [Petra] (see Remarks and footnote 3). Platyceps rhodorachis [complex]. - Schätti & McCarthy, 2001: 81, 88 (discussion). Type specimens. Holotype - FMNH 72108 (EGyPT: “St. Catherine’s Monastery area, Wadi el Sheikh”, 3; coll. Harry Hoogstraal, 14 May 1953). Paratypes - ALGERIA: MNHN 1936.105 (Djanet, 24°34’N 9°29’E, juv. 2); SMF 62785 (“Hoggar-Berge, Sahara”, &). CHAD: BMNH 1958.1.3.93 (Yebbi-Bou, 20°58’N 18°04’E, 2). EGYPT: BMNH 97.10.28.544 (Beni Hassan, 30°54’N 31°40’E, juv. 3), 97.10.28.545 (Tell El-Amarna, 27°39’N 30°54’E, juv. 2), 1963.993 (“Egypt”, 9); FMNH 72110 (St. Catherine’s Monastery area, Wadi el Sheikh”, 9), 153044 (“Helwan, Wadi Hof” [Hulwan, Wadi Hawf], ca. 29°52’N 31°19’E, sex unknown [dam- aged]); MCZ 9856 (Wadi Feiran [Sinai], ca. 28°42’N 33°19’E, 3); MHNG 2443.32 (“Upper Egypt”, 4); NMW 25444.8 (“Arabische Wüste bei Cairo” [leg. Fischer, 1880], juv. 2), 25444.9 (“Shadwan” Island [Jazirat Shakir], 27°30’N 33°59’E, gd), 25444.10 (“Aegypten” [“alte Sammlung”], 9); SMF 18217 (“Tor, Arabien” [Sinai], 28°14’N 33°36’E, 3); TAU 8004 (St. Catherine’s Monastery area [Sinai], ca. 28°31’N 33°57’E, 2), 8187 (“Vaset” [Sinai], ca. 29°02’ 34°35’E, 3); ZFMK 50270 (“Nag Hammadi (Nil-Ostufer)”, 26°03’N 32°14’E, ©), 50271 (“Qiseib, Rotes Meer”, 29°24’N 32°28’E [Bir Qisayb], sex unknown [subad.]). ISRAEL: MHNG 1358.100 (“Negev”, 9); TAU 1662 (En Yotvata, 29°53’N 35°03’E, ©), 4430 (Tureibe, ca. 31°05’N 35°06°E, 2), 11488 (Nahal “Nikrot” [Negarot], ca. 30°35’N 34°59’E, &). JORDAN: BMNH 1965.805 (Petra, 30°19°N 35°29’E, 9); MHNG 2555.15-18 (Petra, dd, juveniles). LipyA: MZUF 659 (Ain Murr, 22°17’N 24°45’E, sex unknown [subad.]). PALESTINE: FMNH 74405 (“South Dead Sea” [file entry], 2, formerly HUJ-R 3211 [“southern Cisjordan”: Werner, 1971]). SAUDI ARABIA: BMNH 77.6.1.7 (“Midian”, 9), 1978.927 and 1979.708 (Sawawin, 27°ST’N 35°47E, d à , see footnote 1). SUDAN: ZFMK 23156 (“Nubien”, juv.). Further material. EGYPT: SMF 32307 (“Kairo” [leg. “v. Hoff], juv.). ISRAEL: MHNG 2555.20 (Mizpe Ramon, 30°36’N 34°48’E, juv.). SAUDI ARABIA: BMNH 77.6.1.8 (“Midian”, 9; body fragmentary), 1979.709 (Jabal as-Sinfa, 2; head and tail damaged, see footnote 1). Derivatio nominis. The species is named after the Sahara desert, its main distri- bution range. Description of holotype (FMNH 72108, d). Rostral distinctly broader than high. Internasals and prefrontals about the same length along the median suture. Frontal 1.45 times longer than broad, ca. 1.5 times longer than internasals and pre- frontals, as long as parietals. Posterior border of parietals straight but somewhat indented towards the median suture. Head 2.25 times longer than maximum distance between outer border of supraoculars. Distance from the nostril to the eye nearly equals the length of the internasals and prefrontals. Loreal oblong and longer than high, 1) BMNH 1978.927 (leg. J. Gasperetti) and 1979.708 (coll. J. Forster, pres. J. Gasperetti) are registered as from “Sawawin”, and BMNH 1979.709 from “Jabal As-Sinfa, ca. 500 m” (coll. J. Forster, pres. J. Gasperetti). They were all collected in the same area at approx. 27°57’N 3584708 THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 695 situated on 2"4 (anterior portion) and 3™ supralabial. Preocular single, contacting frontal. A single anterior subocular on the right side, left with a somewhat smaller pre- subocular on the 3™ and 4th supralabial. Nine supralabials, 5'h and 6 in contact with eye, 71 largest. Two postoculars and anterior and posterior temporals. Ten sublabials, first four in contact with the anterior inframaxillary, 6' largest. Anterior chin shields slightly broader and shorter than posterior pair which is separated by two small scales anteriorly and 4-5 rows of scales posteriorly. Gulars in 4 oblique rows. Ventrals 250 (penultimate is a half-scale); anal scute divided; 144 paired sub- caudals. Dorsals with 2 apical pits, in 19-19-11 rows at the 15th ventral, midbody, and in front of the vent. First reduction involving row 7+8 (right) and 6+7 (left) at ventrals 135 and 134 (54%ven), respectively, 2"4 (rows 3+4) at 142 (57%ven), 314 (6+7) at 157-158 (63%ven); reduction to 11 dsr involving row 3+4 at ventral 212 (right, 85%ven) and 4+5 between ventrals 198-209 (left, 84%ven: irregular, including para- vertebral fluctuations). Length ca. 1270 (ca. 905 + 365) mm. Light greyish above. Dark pigmentation at the posterior edge of the loreal, a distinct streak from the lower posterior edge of the eye to the 7 supralabial, a large dark spot on the anterior temporals; parietals obscurely marbled. Neck and anterior part of trunk transversely banded; light interspaces narrower than crossbars; their lateral portion sometimes separated and alternating with median series of bands. Lateral edges of ventrals darkened (spotted anteriorly). Maxillary with 13 subisodont teeth followed by two enlarged postdiastemal teeth. Hemipenis spinose throughout. Variation. Rostral 1.58-1.85 times broader than high. Internasals about the same length as, or slightly shorter than, prefrontals. Frontal 1.24-1.48 times longer than broad, 1.20-1.51 times longer than internasals and prefrontals, 0.78-1.0 times as long as parietals. Posterior border of parietals straight, forming an obtuse angle, or some- what indented at the median suture. Head 2.15-2.46 times longer than broad. Distance from the nostril to the eye equals 0.83-0.96 times the length of the internasals and prefrontals. Loreal usually longer than, or as long as, high, situated on the 2nd (posterior portion) and 3" supralabial. Preocular single, with a nick on the anterior border in BMNH 77.6.1.7, 1965.805, and 1978.927; in contact with frontal. Usually a single anterior subocular; absent in BMNH 97.10.28.545 (Anderson, 1898): FMNH 74405 (left), MCZ 9856 (right), SMF 62785 (both sides), and TAU 8004 (left) with a presubocular. Nine supralabials (8 on right side of ZFMK 23156, 10 in BMNH 1963.993 [8th vertically divided] and on right side of NNW 25444.8), 5th and 6th (4th to 64 in BMNH 97.10.28.545) in contact with eye. Normally 2 postoculars (3 in ZFMK 23156); upper coalesced with supraocular in ZFMK 50271, lower fused with 6th supralabial in NMW 25444.8. Two anterior and 2 or 3 generally smaller posterior temporals; lower scale in first row usually distinctly larger than upper (especially so in SMF 62785 and ZFMK 23156). Upper anterior temporal vertically divided in FMNH 153044, MHNG 2555.15, and MNHN 1936.105 (left). With an additional small scale between the lower anterior temporal, the lower postocular, and the supralabials in BMNH 1963.993 (left), FMNH 74405 (right) and MZUF 659. BMNH 1963.993 has the parietals laterally distinctly constricted at the anterior level of the 224 row of tem- 696 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY porals. An enlarged elongate scale along the lateral border of the parietals in TAU 4430, and at the posterior edge in TAU 8187. Usually 10 (11 on right side of TAU 8187) sublabials, the four (and anterior part of Sth in BMNH 97.10.28.544, 1963.993, MCZ 9856, TAU 11488, and ZFMK 23156) anterior in contact with first inframaxillary, 6th (7th) largest. Anterior chin shields broader and shorter than posterior pair; the latter anteriorly separated by 1-2 (rarely 3) rows of scales (sometimes very small) and usually 3-5 posteriorly. Gulars in 4 (5) oblique rows between the posterior chin shields and the first ventral. Ventrals 238-264 (3 4 238-258, 22 239-264); anal scute divided; 134-149 (35 136-144, 2 £ 134-149) paired subcaudals; sum of ventrals and subcaudals 374- 405 (375-402, 374-405, respectively) 2). Populations from northern Africa, Sinai, Jazirat Shakir, and NW Saudi Arabia have more ventral scales and a higher sum of ventrals and subcaudals than those from Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. According to Boulenger (1893), the Beni Hassan specimen (BMNH 97.10.28.544: 628 + 244 mm) is a halfgrown with 262 ventrals (256 and damaged portion). This count is also found in Anderson (1898) who reported the individual to be a female. Dorsals with paired apical pits, in 19-19-13, 19-19-11, or 19-19-11/13 rows. First reduction at ventrals 126 (Jazirat Shakir, 50%ven) and 133-151 (52-61%ven), 2nd 138-158 (56-62%ven), 3™ 160-200 (62-78%ven); occasional 4th reduction to 11 dsr 186-237 (76-96%ven). First and 2"d fusion involving rows 2-4 or 6-9 (10), 314 5-8, and 4th (optional) rows 2-4 or 5-7. Longest specimens over 1410 (1010 + 400) mm in males (TAU 8187) and ap- prox. 1380 (ca. 1000 + 380) mm in females (ZFMK 50270); snout-vent length of BMNH 1963.993 (2) ca. 1100 mm (tail truncated). Specimens with a total length ex- ceeding one meter are also reported, for instance, by Flower (1933). Tail/body ratio in adults 0.38-0.41 (4 4,9%). Greyish, light brown, or olive brown above. Pileus with obscure markings (Fig. 1) and temporal region often darkened. Neck with alternating or coalesced dark trans- verse bars; light interspaces often mottled with fine black dots. Dorsum with a series of ventrolateral bars, transversely banded throughout, or barred and chequered. Crossbars normally distinctly narrower than, or as wide as, light interspaces; much wider in, for instance, BMNH 1965.805 (Werner, 1971: Pl. 6A). In adults, the dorsal colour pattern is usually faded on the last quarter of the body and tail. Lateral edges of ventrals darkened or with blackish spots, sometimes with an obscure pattern along their borders. “Color variations include bright salmon red individuals” according to Saleh (1997); Maxillary usually with 15-17 teeth (18 in FMNH 74405), last two separated by a diastema from the subisodont anterior series. Hemipenis subcylindrical, apex (in situ) 2) Parker (1949: footnote 2) remarked “that the very high subcaudal count of 154 for a specimen from Egypt [BMNH 97.10.28.545], first reported by Anderson (1898, p. 253) and repeated by others, is a typographical error for 145.” This lapsus for the Tell El-Amarna specimen was published for the first time in the species section of Boulenger (1893: 399) but the correct count (145) is given in the generic table (p. 381). Further printing errors in the pertinent literature include, for instance, the ventral count of BMNH 1958.1.3.93 (245 instead of 254) in Kramer & Schnurrenberger (1963). THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 697 FIG. 1 Platyceps saharicus (BMNH 1958.1.3.93): dorsal, ventral, and lateral view of head and neck. Scale line 10 mm. Drawings by Edward Wade. 698 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY at 7 subcaudal (5%sub), distinct spines to 4fh subcaudal (3%sub); Musculus retractor penis magnus inserting at 26% subcaudal (18%sub) (NMW 25449.9). Distribution and Ecology. The Sahara racer is distributed from SE Algeria to Nubia (Sudan), SW Jordan, and NW Saudi Arabia (see Discussion). In the western part of the range, Platyceps saharicus appears be locally restricted as evidenced by the scattered records from Egypt to Algeria (Fig. 2). The northernmost record is FMNH 74405 from the West Bank, Palestine (“southern Cisjordan”, Werner, 1971). The species is documented from the Ahaggar (“Hoggar”, SMF 62785), Tassili, and Tibesti mountains in SE Algeria and Chad, SE Libya (Ain Murr), the Nubian region in Sudan, and Egypt (see Synonymy). In the latter country, the Sahara racer was “obtained on the margin of the desert” at Beni Hassan, east of the Nile delta, and Tell El-Amarna (Anderson, 1898) in Upper Egypt, near Nag Hammadi (ZFMK 50270), in Fic. 2 Distribution of Platyceps saharicus (@) and Platyceps sp. (O) in northern Africa and northwes- tern Arabia based on the examined material except BMNH 64.8.23.108 (“Dead Sea”) and NMW 25444.3-7 (see Discussion), and on literature records including six unspecified localities from Sinai mapped in Werner (1973) tentatively referred to P. saharicus (see text). The approximate type locality of P. saharicus is indicated by an arrow (7). Crosses (+) mark five localites of P. rhodorachis auct. from Lower Egypt and Sinai mapped in Saleh (1997). Question marks denote Hart’s (1891) specimen from the Tih Plateau (“Jebel Herteh”, approximate position) and “JG 70658” (Gasperetti, 1988) from Jabal Tayran (28°25'N 34°50'E) provisionally assigned to P. sa- haricus (see Discussion and footnote 4). An exclamation mark indicates approximate locations, and stars (x) denote Jordan records and observations of unknown identity mentioned by Disi et al. (1988), Amr et al. (1994), and El-Oran et al. (1994). THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 699 the Cairo area, as well as along the Red Sea coast, 1.e., in Wadi Abu Ghusun (24°27’N 35°12’E; Flower, 1933), “Qiseib” (ZFMK 50271), and on Jazirat Shakir (NMW 25444.9). Werner (1973) mapped eight localities in Sinai including TAU 8004 (St. Catherine’s Monastery area) and 8187 (“Vaset”). These records of “Coluber r. rho- dorhachis” are herewith tentatively assigned to the Sahara racer (see Discussion and Fig. 2). Werner (1988: 372) might be wrong that “the record of Coluber ventromaculatus from Sinai, quoted by Gasperetti (1974) could conceivably have been based on a C. rhodorachis with ventrolateral black dots [...].” The citation refers to Hart’s (1891) “Zamenis ventrimaculatus” [sic] from Wadi Zalagah determined by Günther (1891). This specimen is probably Platyceps rogersi (Anderson, 1893) (Schätti, in prep.). Flower (1933) collected a specimen “upstream perennial water in Wadi Firan [Feiran], south Sinai at or over 2000 ft.” (> 650 m). According to Marx (1968), the type locality in Wadi ash-Shaykh near St. Catherine’s Monastery is at ca. 1’500 m above sea level. The holotype and a paratype (FMNH 72110) were collected “among rocks on hillside’, and the former had an “Eumeces lizard in stomach” (file entry). Platyceps saharicus is sympatric with the species discussed below in the Negev, Palestine (West Bank), and southwestern Jordan (Fig. 2). In the latter country, P. rhodorachis auct. “has been reported only from the dry parts [...] in an altitudinal range of -410 [sic] to 1160 m” (Disi er al., 2001). It cannot be excluded that both taxa occur in NW Saudi Arabia (see Discussion). Remarks. Various Near East literature records cannot be assigned with certainty to either species dealt with in this paper due to the lack of individual diagnostic data, i.e., ventral and subcaudal counts or any morphological features at all 3). This is, for instance, the case with “a sand-coloured snake about 4 feet long” from the “Jebel Herteh” area in Sinai (Tih Plateau) reported by Hart (1891) and Gasperetti’s (1988: Fig. 28, no. 39) record (“CAS JG 70658”) from Jabal Tayran (28°25’N 34°50’E) in extreme NW Saudi Arabia (see Discussion and Fig. 2). Based on material in the JUM collection (not examined), Disi er al. (1988) recorded Platyceps rhodorachis auct. from “Khanzerah” (Khinzirah, 32°28°N 35°42’E), Wadi Fidan (ca. 30°40’N 35°22’E), “Ghore Al-Wast” (unlocated), “Ghore Nimreen” (Ghor Nimrin, 31°54’N 35°37’E), and “Rahmeh” (Rahmah, 29°55’N 35°08’E). Ventral and subcaudal data are 230-238 and 113-154 (120-154 in their deter- mination key), respectively. We strongly suppose that the maximum value for sub- caudals is from literature (see footnote 2). The ventral counts (probably including ‘pre- ventrals’) suggest that these specimens, or at least the majority, are Platyceps sp. incertae sedis. Apart from two individuals belonging to the species discussed below, El-Oran et al. (1994) reported MUM 14 collected at “El-Naqah (Wadi Araba)” (31°02°N 35°29’E) which is not listed in their table. MUM 83 from “El-Disah (Wadi Rum)” (Ad- Disah, 29°37’N 35°33’E, maybe the one “killed during late afternoon near a pool”, Amr et al., 1994) is without ventral and subcaudal counts (total length 1370 mm, 3) At the moment of this writing, we are not aware of clear-cut differences in coloration between Platyceps saharicus and Platyceps sp. This issue requires further investigation. 700 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY tail/body ratio 0.38). The identity of this material as well as observations “near Petra and El-Disah” (“seen during daytime”) remains open to question. This also applies to MCC R635 from Wadi “Ramm” (Rum, ca. 29°41’N 35°27’E) figured in Sindaco et al. (1995) and records quoted in Disi et al. (2001) including Wadi Musa (30°22’N 35°25’E) and “the lower Jordan Valley” which are probably based on Amr et al. (1994: JUM 372, see the following taxon) and El-Oran et al. (1994). Platyceps sp. incertae sedis Zamenis ventrimaculatus [sic] (Gray, 1834). - Giinther, 1865: 489 (“Dead Sea”: BMNH 64.8.23.108); Tristram, 1884: 143 (“Found round the Dead Sea”, same specimen). Zamenis rhodorhachis [sic] [partim]. - Steindachner, 1900: 334 (“Umgebung von Cairo”: NMW 25444.3-7, see Discussion). Coluber rhodorachis ssp. [2]. - Werner, 1988: 367, Tb. 3 (Israel, see Discussion). Coluber r. rhodorhachis [sic] [partim?]. - Disi et al., 1988: [43] 45 (see Remarks under P. sa- haricus); Amr et al., 1994: 45 (see Remarks). Coluber r. rhodorachis [partim]. - El-Oran et al., 1994: 361, 366, Fig. 1 [map], Tb. 3 (Ash- Shawbak [30°32’N 35°34’ E, MUM 72], Ma’an [30°12° N 35°44’E, MUM 371]). Coluber rhodorachis. - Werner, 1998: 156 (“Bab el Wad [31°49’N 35°02’E], western Judean Hills” [HUJ-R 3652]). ?Coluber rhodorachis [partim]. - Disi et al., 2001: 265, map [unnumbered], Figs 188-189 (see P. saharicus). Platyceps rhodorachis [complex]. - Schätti & McCarthy, 2001: 81, 88 (discussion). Material examined. EGYPT: NMW 25444.3-7 (“Umgebung von Kairo”, ®, 4 juveniles; 25444.3-6 in poor state). ISRAEL: MHNG 2443.36 (Dimona, 31°04’N 35°02’E, d), 2574.90 (Mizpe Ramon, 30°36’N 34°48’E, roadkill); TAU 1324 (Sde Boger, 30°52’N 34°47’E, d ), 7059 (“Ya’ar Hagdoshim, Judean Mts.” [pine wood], 31°45’N 35°02’E, 9), 11230 (“Karmel” [Har Hakarmel (Ridge)], ca. 32°44’N 35°02’E, ©). PALESTINE: MCZ 119475 (“Judean Desert”, 3); TAUF9295 (Tubas, 32°19’ 35°22’E, &), 13674 (Jericho, 31°522N 35°272E) 6) ORIGIN UNCERTAIN: BMNH 64.8.23.108 (“Dead Sea”, d). Morphology. Snout rounded; rostral 1.65 times broader than high (one measurement). Frontal 1.37-1.58 times longer than broad, 1.37-1.46 times longer than internasals and prefrontals, 0.90-0.94 times as long as parietals. Head 2.27-2.45 times longer than maximum distance between outer border of supraoculars. Distance from the nostril to the eye equals 0.86-0.92 times the length of the internasals and pre- frontals. Preocular single. Anterior subocular usually single (with a presubocular on right side of TAU 7059). Nine supralabials, 5 and 6th in contact with eye; a posterior subocular on right side of BMNH 64.8.23.108 preventing 6" supralabial from entering orbit. Two anterior and 2 or 3 posterior temporals. Usually 10 (11 in TAU 9295) sub- labials, the four anterior in contact with first inframaxillary, 6! largest. Anterior chin shields broader and usually shorter than posterior pair; the latter anteriorly separated by 2 (1) and posteriorly by 3-4 rows of scales. Gulars in 3-4 oblique rows between the posterior chin shields and the first ventral. Ventrals 220-232 (3 gd 221-232, 2 226-232, juveniles 220-226); anal scute divided; subcaudals 124-133 (Sd 124-130, £ 131-133); sum of ventrals and sub- caudals 351-365 (351-362 and 357-365, respectively). El-Oran et al. (1994) noted lower ventral counts in two specimens from Ash-Shawbak (218) and Ma’an (205). We consider the latter figure as a printing error or based on a misidentified individual; the number of subcaudals (103) of the Ma’an specimen (MUM 371) might be due to a THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 701 mutilated tail. Steindachner (1900) reported 136 subcaudals for a specimen from “Kairo”, possibly a counting or printing error. Dorsals in 19-19-13, 19-19-11, or 19-19-11/13 rows; 17 dsr on anterior part of trunk in MHNG 2443.36, increase to 19 at ventral 53 (23%ven). First reduction at ven- trals 123.5-137.5 (54-61%ven), 224 135-147.5 (59-64%ven) and 161.5 in TAU 9295 (73%ven), 314 152-179.5 (67-79%ven) and 192 (87%ven), respectively; occasional 4fh reduction to 11 dsr immediately in front of the anal scute (ventrals 218-227) in TAU 1324 and 9295 (98-99%ven). First reduction usually involving rows 7-9 (4 in TAU 7059), 2nd 3-5 (5-8 in TAU 9295, 7+8 in TAU 7059), 31d 2-3 (TAU 9295) or 5-9, and 4th (optional) rows 2-3 or 6-7. - Remarks. Besides MUM 72 and 83 from “Shawbak” (Ash-Shawbak) and “Disah”, respectively, and two observations at Petra and Wadi “Dhana” (Dana, 30°37’N 35°29’E), Amr et al. (1994) reported JUM 372 from Wadi Musa. Most pro- bably, the ventral and subcaudal data (218, 127) are from MUM 72. The identity of the remaining specimens remains unresolved (see El-Oran et al., 1994 and Remarks under Platyceps saharicus). DISCUSSION Werner (1988: Tb. 3) reported two “Coluber rhodorachis ssp.” from the Medi- terranean Region of Israel and “Wadi ‘Arava’, respectively, stating that both occur in the “southern deserts”. El-Oran et al. (1994) noted that “Coluber rhodorachis” auct. “collected from Aqaba have higher ventrals [sic] count (Tb. 3) compared with those collected from Ash-Shawbak and Wadi Araba.” Werner (1998) emphasised the exis- tence of “a similar but distinct species in the Mediterranean region of Israel” as opposed to “Coluber rhodorachis (Jan, 1865)” [sic], and that “G. Perry is investigating this question, aiming to find out which of the two, if any, is the true C. rhodorachis, and to identify or describe the remaining species.” Geographically, Platyceps saharicus is separated from P. rhodorachis Jan, 1863 (sensu stricto) by a gap of roughly 1’000 kilometres (Iran, NE Iraq). A comparative sample of Jan’s cliff racer from Iran (22 specimens, see Appendix) reveals significant divergence in ventral scales vis-a-vis P. saharicus, i.e., 221-237 (6 221-237, 22 224-237) vs. 239-264 in the new species. In Platyceps rhodorachis (s.s.), the subcaudals range from 122-142 (6 & 130- 142, 22 122-140), and the sum of ventrals and subcaudals 349-373 (6 & 354-373, 2 2 349-373) vs. 374-405 in P. saharicus. Difference in total scale counts also applies to MCZ 58872 (d) from Iran (see Appendix) with “broad and close dark crossbands” (Werner, 1971; Haas & Werner, 1969: Pl. 19) and the highest male scale count (235 ventrals, 138 subcaudals) recorded for the rhodorachis sample. Apart from ventral scales, P. saharicus is distinct from P. rhodorachis (s.s.) in lacking the mid-dorsally striped colour morph frequently encountered in the latter species. The striped dorsal pattern is also absent in Platyceps sp. [incertae sedis]. This taxon resembles P. rhodorachis (s.s.) in its pholidosis but, as in the case of P. saharicus, is geographically separated from Jan’s cliff racer. 702 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY Platyceps saharicus clearly differs from the sympatric taxon of the P. rhodor- achis complex in ventral and subcaudal counts (see footnote 3). The distribution of these taxa is far from clear. Particularly, the records of Piatyceps sp. from the vicinity of Cairo (“Umgebung von Kairo”, NMW 25444.3-7) reported by Steindachner (1900) require confirmation. So far, this species has not yet been recorded from Sinai (see Distribution of P. saharicus and Fig. 2). Based on verified records of the Sahara racer from Sinai and NW Saudi Arabia, the unlocated specimen from “Jebel Herteh” (Hart, 1891) and “CAS JG 70658” (Gasperetti, 1988) from Jabal Tayran (28°25’N 34°50’E) are tentatively referred to Platyceps saharicus (see Fig. 2) *). However, a southward extension of the known range of Platyceps sp. cannot be ruled out at present. Platyceps saharicus probably extends along the coastal region of western Arabia, and it cannot be excluded that the ‘high ventral’ phenotype from Yemen belongs to this species (in prep.). The distribution pattern of P. saharicus as outlined here would show a large degree of congruence with, for instance, the lacertid Mesalina guttulata (Lichtenstein, 1823) and the agamid Pseudotrapelus sinaitus (Heyden, 1827). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pere Alberch (Cambridge, Mass.), Natalja Ananjeva (St. Petersburg), Wolfgang Böhme (Bonn), Ilja S. Darevskij (St. Petersburg), Robert C. Drewes (San Francisco), Orsetta Elter (Turin), Heinz Grillitsch (Vienna), Ivan Ineich (Paris), Konrad Klemmer (Frankfurt on Main), Benedetto Lanza (Florence), Arieh Landsman (Tel Aviv), Marta Poggesi (Florence), Alan E. Resetar (Chicago), Jose P. Rosado (Cambridge, Mass.), Naomi Sivan (Jerusalem), Harold C. Voris (Chicago), Franz Tiedemann (Vienna), Jens V. Vindum (San Francisco), Yehudah L. Werner (Jerusalem), Ernest Williams (Cambridge, Mass.), and Yoram Yom-Tov (Tel-Aviv) approved the loans and helped with information on specimens deposited in their respective collection. We feel obliged to Edward Wade (London) for the drawings. Sonia Fisch-Muller (Geneva) helped with literature. Aviv Fiirst (Mizpe Ramon) procured a road kill from the Negev. Andrea Stutz (Winterthur) provided logistic help and drew the distribution map. A most spe- cial thank you to Volker Mahnert (Geneva) for the cooperative handling of the manu- script. REFERENCES Amp, Z. S., AL-ORAN, R. & Dist, A. M. 1994. Reptiles of southern Jordan. The Snake 26 (1): 41-49. ANDERSON, J. 1871. A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal [2] 40 (1): 12-39. ANDERSON, J. 1893. 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An Atlas and Field Guide. Frankfurt am Main, Edition Chimaira, 408 pp. EL-ORAN, R. M., AL-MELHEM, W. N. & Amp, Z. S. 1994. Snakes of southern Jordan. Bollettino di Zoologia 61: 359-367. FLOWER, S. S. 1933. Notes on the recent reptiles and amphibians of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933 (3): 735-851. GASPERETTI, J. 1974. A preliminary sketch of the snakes of the Arabian peninsula. Journal of the Saudi Arabian Natural History Society 12: IV + 1-44 [+ 28 pp.]. GASPERETTI, J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, I. 1827. Description des reptiles qui se trouvent en Egypte (pp. 121- 160). In: SAVIGNY, J. C. Description de l’Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l’expédition de l‘armée française (1798- 1801). I. Histoire naturelle, Part 1. Paris, Imprimerie Impériale. GRAY, J. E. 1833-1834. Illustrations of Indian Zoology: chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol. II. London, Adolphs Richter & Co. and Parbury, Allen & Co. GÜNTHER, A. 1865. Report on a collection of reptiles and fishes from Palestine. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1864]: 488-493. GÜNTHER, A. 1878. Specimens of reptiles presented by Captain Burton to the British Museum (App. IV: p. 398). In: BURTON, R. The Gold Mines of Midian and the ruined Midianite cities. London, C. Kegan Paul & Co., XVI + 395 pp. GÜNTHER, A. 1891. Reptilia (pp. 209-211). /n: HART, H. C. Some account of the Fauna and Flora of Sinai, Petra, and Wädy ‘Arabah. London, A. P. Watt, X + 225 pp. HAAS, G. & WERNER, Y. L. 1969. Lizards and snakes from southwestern Asia, collected by Henry Field. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138 (6): 327-405. HARRISON, D. L. & BATES, P. J. J. 1991. The mammals of Arabia (2"4 ed.). Sevenoaks [Kent], Harrison Zoological Museum Publication, XVI + 354 pp. HART, H. C. 1891. Some account of the Fauna and Flora of Sinai, Petra, and Wädy ‘Arabah. London, A. P. Watt, X + 225 pp. HEYDEN, C. H. G. von 1827. Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Reptilien. Frankfurt/Main, H. L. Brönner, 24 pp. JAN, G. 1863. Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l’Iconografia generale. Milano, A. Lombardi, VII + 143 pp. 704 B. SCHÄTTI & C. MCCARTHY KRAMER, E. & SCHNURRENBERGER, H. 1963. Systematik, Verbreitung und Ökologie der Libyschen Schlangen. Revue suisse de Zoologie 70: 453-568. LEVITON, A. E., ANDERSON, S. C., ADLER, K. & MINTON, S. A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East amphibians and reptiles. Oxford [Ohio], Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, VII + 252 pp. LICHTENSTEIN, H. 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Königlichen Universität zu Berlin nebst Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln, Amphibien und Fischen. Berlin, T. Trautwein, X + 118 pp. Marx, H. 1968. Checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of Egypt. Special Publication of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 3: 1-91. MERTENS, R. 1969. Die Amphibien und Reptilien West-Pakistans. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 197: 1-96. PARKER, H. W. 1949. The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra islands. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 115 pp. RUPPELL, E. 1845. Verzeichniss der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Sammlungen. Dritte Abtheilung: Amphibien. Museum Senckenbergianum 3 (3): 293-316. SALEH, M. A. 1997. Amphibians and reptiles of Egypt. Publication of National Biodiversity Unit No. 6. Cairo, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, 236 + 11 pp. SCHATTI, B. 1988. Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of Coluber florulentus (Reptilia, Serpentes). Tropical Zoology 1 (1): 95-116. SCHÄTTI, B. & INEICH, I. 2004. A new racer of the genus Platyceps Blyth from Djibouti (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (4): 685-690. SCHATTI, B. & MCCARTHY, C. 2001. Coluber (sensu lato) schmidtleri n. sp. from the southern Zagros Mountains in Iran (Squamata: Colubridae). Herpetozoa 14 (1/2): 81-89. SCHMIDT, K. P. & Marx, H. 1956. The herpetology of Sinai. Fieldiana Zoology 39 (4): 21-40. SCORTECCI, G. 1935. Rettili raccolti nel deserto libico dal Prof. Lodovico di Caporiacco. Atti del- la Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale in Milano 74: 191-194. SINDACO, R., FEDRIGHINI, N. & VENCHI, A. 1995. Contribution to the herpetology of Jordan. Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino 13 (2): 389-405. STEINDACHNER, F. 1900. Berichte der Commission für Oceanographische Forschungen. Expedition S.M. Schiff ‘Pola’ in das Rothe Meer. Nördliche und Südliche Hälfte. 1895/96 und 1897/98. Zoologische Ergebnisse. 17. Bericht über die herpetologischen Aufsammlungen. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathe- matisch-naturwissenschafliche Klasse 69: 325-335. TRISTRAM, H. B. 1884. The survey of Western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine. London, Adelphi [The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund], XXI + 455 pp. WERNER, Y. L. 1971. Lizards and snakes from Transjordan, recently acquired by the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 21 (6): 213-256. WERNER, Y. L. 1973. The reptiles of the Sinai peninsula. Jerusalem, The Hebrew University [Dept. of Zoology], IV + 47 pp. [in Hebrew with English summary]. WERNER, Y. L. 1988. Herpetofaunal survey of Israel (1950-85), with comments on Sinai and Jordan and on zoogeographical heterogeneity (pp. 355-388). In: YoM-Tov, Y. & TCHERNOV, E. (eds). The zoogeography of Israel. Dordrecht, W. Junk Publ., VII (+ 2) + 600 pp. WERNER, Y. L. 1998. The desert herpetofauna in and near Israel: a personal review of advances (1986-1997), with new data (Amphibia; Reptilia) (pp. 149-161). Jn: FRITZ, U., OBST, F. J. & ANDREAS, B. (eds). Contributions to a “Herpetologia arabica” (Nr. 14). Faunistische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums für Tierkunde 21 (Supplement), 182 pp. THE PLATYCEPS RHODORACHIS COMPLEX 705 APPENDIX. Collection numbers of Platyceps rhodorachis (Jan, 1863) from Iran (comparative sample): BMNH 91.9.14.16 (“Western Rhughti Hills”, N Shapur), 1905.10.14.46 (Ram Hormuz, NE Ahwaz); CAS 86371, 86409, and 86420 (Masjed Soleyman), 86433 (Naftak [M. Soleyman]), 86586 (Chamkureh: Khuzestan), 86624 (Masjed Soleyman); FMNH 141639 (Pol-e-Abgineh); MCZ 58872 (“Mohar Biringi”, unlocated); MZUT 610 (“Persia meridionale”); NMW 15168.1-4 (“Persien”); SMF 51071 (Birjand); ZFMK 31603, 31666-68, and 31670 (vic. Shiraz); ZISP 13557 (“Central Persia”). de Bi dl So pe a4 M, A tba, AO rf x pal ver n 7 N out I Zur vo REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 707-713; décembre 2004 Discovery in the Alps of Provence (France) of a new taxon in the entirely parthenogenetic superspecies Apatania muliebris (Trichoptera: Apataniidae) L. BOTOSANEANU! & J. GIUDICELLI? 1 Zoölogisch Museum, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Middenlaan 64, 1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: secrento@science.uva.nl 2 Maison Régionale de l’Eau, BP 50008, 83670 Barjols, France. E-mail: jb.giudicelli @ wanadoo.fr Discovery in the Alps of Provence (France) of a new taxon in the entirely parthenogenetic superspecies Apatania muliebris (Trichoptera). - Various aspects of a remarkable complex of parthenogenetic taxa are reviewed, pros and cons being examined concerning their taxonomic status. Apatania mercantoura sp. n. is described from alpine wetlands in three localities (2350-2440 m a. s. 1.) in the Parc National du Mercantour. This is the first discovery in France of a taxon belonging to this parthenogenetic complex; the known localities are almost at the highest altitudes known for a member of the A. muliebris complex, and the new species is possibly the most meridional of all taxa in this complex. Keywords: Trichoptera - Apatania - parthenogenesis - alpine wetlands - Alps of Provence. INTRODUCTION The description by Mc Lachlan (1866-1867, 1876) of Apatania muliebris brought to light the existence of a remarkable entirely parthenogenetic (thelytoke) species of caddisflies from a spring habitat — later unfortunately destroyed — in southern England (Sussex). Subsequently a series of taxa considered as belonging to A. muliebris were described from various parts of the British Isles, of central and of northern Europe; a list of named taxa is in Barnard & O’Connor (1987); moreover, there are several known populations, possibly distinct, having received a name but not recognizable owing to lack of illustration [an exception: a population from W. Hungary (Nögrädi, 1994)]. In some publications illustrated taxa were wrongly named; for instance, this has been several times the case with “A. muliebris” (examples: Mosely, 1939; Nielsen, 1950 a; probably Elliott, 1971; Barnard & O’Connor, 1987; Ivanov & Grigorenko, 1991). The published illustration most correctly representing the genitalia of A. muliebris from the type locality is that in Schmid (1954: fig. 70), Burkhardt & Tobias (1982: figs 1-4), or Barnard & O’Connor (1987: fig. 4). The problem of the status to be assigned to taxa in this parthenogenetic taxa complex has been much discussed, with various results. For some authors (Solem, Manuscript accepted 27.04.2004 708 L. BOTOSANEANU & J. GIUDICELLI 1985; Barnard & O’Connor, 1987) they all represent one very variable species; in our opinion, adopting this solution does not take into account all morphological and choro- logical evidence, “sweeping under the carpet” an exciting problem of taxonomy and biogeography. Nielsen (1969) and Burkhardt & Tobias (1982) argue that one species with several distinct subspecies is involved. Nielsen (1969: 314) admits the difficulty of such an approach; indeed, subspecies are geographic races potentially interbreeding with other ones — something not conceivable in the case of parthenogenetic insects. Solid arguments have been offered by Nielsen (1950 a) and by Schmid (1954) for the status of good species, and in Nielsen’s publication we find this excellent observation: “... the parthenogenesis is as effective an isolation as any geographic barrier”. For the new taxon described in the present paper we adopt this last solution. Nevertheless, we believe that a more correct one would be to consider A. muliebris as a superspecies comprising a series of prospecies; by adopting such an approach, we implicitly recognize (like Schmid, 1954: 35) the probable origin of all taxa in a common par- thenogenetic and psychrostenotermic ancestor, as well as the character of Late-Glacial relicts of at least some of the recent offspring populations (Nielsen, 1950 a, 1950 b, 1974). Should be added that in some cases the picture can be obscured by intra- populational variability (Nielsen, 1950 a, 1969; Solem, 1985; Barnard & O’Connor, 1987); whereas in other cases such variability is described as very slight or practically absent (Burkhardt & Tobias, 1982; present paper). Clearly, a thorough study of genetic structure could bring much light in this complex case. Unfortunately, this is already too late for several eradicated populations and/or destroyed habitats (Nielsen, 1974: Denmark; Burkhardt & Tobias, 1982: Schlitzer Land; Barnard & O’Connor, 1987: Sussex). Various aspects have been discussed for this complex of parthenogenetic taxa. There is reliable published information on the — sometimes very dissimilar — life cycles and flight periods (1. a.: Klapalek, 1889; Nielsen, 1942, 1950 a, 1950 b; Elliott, 1971; Solem, 1985; Barnard & O’Connor, 1987). Interesting is the existing evidence on geographic distribution: many localities supporting large and often neighbouring populations in northern Europe; more sporadic distribution in central Europe; and extremely few isolated localities known in the southernmost parts of the general distribution area. In most cases the habitat of the parthenogenetic populations is repre- sented by springs of all types, from lowland to alpine springs, including “wet alpine areas”; almost only in the northernmost localities are springs replaced by streams, some published evidence existing on curiously restricted distribution in some of them. DESCRIPTION Apatania mercantoura sp. n. Figs 1-6 Material, localities, habitat All sampling localities are in the Parc National du Mercantour (France, dépar- tement Alpes Maritimes and département Alpes de Haute Provence). 1/. Alpine wetland (moorland drained by spring brooks and small streams) in the upper part of Vallon de Restefond, 2415 m a. s. |. (upper course of the Moutière, hydrographic network of the river Ubaye), département Alpes de Haute Provence: A NEW PARTHENOGENETIC APATANIA FROM FRANCE 709 Fics 1-3 Apatania mercantoura sp. n., terminalia, specimen from Vallon de Restefond. 1: dorsal view; 2: lateral view; 3: ventral view. 710 L. BOTOSANEANU & J. GIUDICELLI at a ee Fics 4-6 Apatania mercantoura sp. n., terminalia, specimen from Col de la Cayolle. 4: dorsal view; 5: lateral view; 6: ventral view. A NEW PARTHENOGENETIC APATANIA FROM FRANCE 711 5 adult female specimens, 23.VII.2002, coll. M. Derrien (holotype and 4 paratypes); 9 mature female pupae with well developed genitalia, 18 pupae incompletely developed, 5 larvae, 24.V1.2003, coll. M. Derrien & J. Giudicelli. 2/. Alpine wetland, Col de la Cayolle, 2350 m a. s. |. (upper course of the Bachelard, tributary of the river Ubaye), département Alpes de Haute Provence: 1 adult female specimen, 3 mature female pupae with well developed genitalia, 3 larvae, 25.V1.2003, coll. M. Derrien. 3/. Alpine wetland, above Lake Vens, 2440 m a. s. |. (upper part of the Tinée basin), département Alpes Maritimes: 1 mature female pupa with well developed genitalia, 26.VI.2003, coll. M. Derrien. Holotype (adult female specimen from Restefond) kept in the Zoological Museum Amsterdam. All adult specimens or mature pupae with well developed geni- talia mentioned above are designated as paratypes and are deposited either in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, or in the Zoological Museum Amsterdam. All specimens are kept in alcohol. Description of the female Forewing length: 7.6 - 8.5 mm. Proximal spiniform projection of segment IX long. Segment X: dorsal (single) projection massive, well protruding, distal margin slightly variable, but never very slender; in dorsal view it is triangular, devoid of a longitudinal keel, margins converging towards a very blunt apex; this dorsal projection is separated by deep sinuses from the rather well protruding, angular, median projections (bordering the anus); in their turn these median projections are separated by similarly large sinuses from the lower projection (“supragenital plate”) which is in lateral view strong, not sharply pointed, reaching almost as far as the dorsal projection (in ventral view: broad, not strongly vaulted, laterally limited by small but distinct loops). Comparison with all published evidence shows that this is a clearly distinct species; but it would be almost equally meaningless in this case to try to find more similarity with some already described taxon, than to speak of kinship; maybe there is some similarity with A. scherfi Burkhardt & Tobias, 1982. Differential diagnosis A. mercantoura sp. n. can be distinguished from the various taxa described in the “A. muliebris complex” by the following characters of the female genitalia (segment X): dorsal projection massive in lateral view, in dorsal view with very blunt apex and devoid of a longitudinal keel; deep sinuses separating (lateral view) the dorsal projection from the median one, and this last from the strong, not sharply pointed lower projection. Etymology From Parc National du Mercantour (type locality). DISCUSSION This is the first time that a parthenogenetic Apatania is discovered from France. The mention from “France, Rhone Valley” in Ivanov & Grigorenko (1991: 51) is 712 L. BOTOSANEANU & J. GIUDICELLI erroneous and part of a true imbroglio; there is no “specimen from France studied by F. Schmid in 1954”: in Schmid (1954: 36) there is a mention of “... Suisse, dans la vallée du Rhône: Chateauneuf ...” (Chateauneuf is in Switzerland between Chamoson and Muveran; N 46° 13’, E 7° 20°); moreover, it is clear that when introducing “Apatania schmidiana Ivanov et Grigorenko, nomen novum” the authors referred to fig. 70 in Schmid’s publication, prepared from a specimen from Mc Lachlan’s type locality of A. muliebris, anew name being superfluous. A. mercantoura sp. n. is quite possibly the most meridional of all taxa in the muliebris complex. The only more meridional one could be A. theischingerorum Malicky, 1981, of which only one (female) specimen is known, from a locality in prov. Cuenca, Spain; but morphological evidence, and lack of evidence for parthenogenesis, render this case slightly problematic. The localities in the Parc National du Mercantour are almost at the highest alti- tudes known for a member of the A. muliebris complex. To the best of our knowledge, only A. helvetica Schmid, 1954, has been sampled in some higher localities of the Swiss Alps (from 1800 to 2600 m a. s. 1.; Schmid, 1954: 37). An interesting element of the alpine fauna of southern France, inhabiting, together with other remarkable species, like Alpopsyche ucenorum (Mc Lachlan), a peculiar and isolated high mountain freshwater habitat, A. mercantoura deserves complete protection as well as a thorough study of the life cycle. The authors intend to do such a study, during which an attempt will be made for finding characters enabling to distinguish the last instar larva of the new species from the small number of already published descriptions of “A. muliebris” (sic !) larvae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The leading role of Mr M. Derrien (Staff of the Parc National du Mercantour) in discovering the habitat of the new species and in sampling the material is highly ap- preciated. An anonymous referee has provided suggestions, some of which have lead to improvement of the manuscript. REFERENCES BARNARD, P. C. & O’ CONNOR, J. P. 1987. The populations of Apatania muliebris Mc Lachlan in the British Isles. Entomologist’s Gazette 38: 263-267. BURKHARDT, R. & ToBIas, W. 1982. Ein Nachweis von Apatania muliebris Mc Lachlan in Deutschland. Entomologische Zeitschrift 92 (22): 313-318. ELLIOTT, J. M. 1971. The life history and biology of Apatania muliebris Mc Lachlan. Ento- mologist’s Gazette 22: 245-251. Ivanov, V. & GRIGORENKO, V. 1991. New species of Apatania (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) from the USSR. Latvijas Entomologs 34: 46-53. KLAPALEK, F. 1889. The metamorphoses of Apatania muliebris Mc Lach.: a chapter in partheno- genesis. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 25: 241-242. Mc LACHLAN, R. 1866-1867. Note respecting a species of Apatania. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 3: 113. Mc LACHLAN, R. 1876. A monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna (part IV): 215-216, pl. 24 figs 1-2. Van Voorst, London. A NEW PARTHENOGENETIC APATANIA FROM FRANCE WS MALICKY, H. 1981. Weiteres neues über Köcherfliegen aus dem Mittelmeergebiet. Entomofauna 2 (27): 335-356. Mosery, M. E. 1939. The British Caddis Flies. Routledge & Sons, London, 320 pp. NIELSEN, A. 1942. Über die Entwicklung und Biologie der Trichopteren mit besonderer Berück- sichtigung der Quelltrichopteren Himmerlands. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Suppl. Bd. 17: 255-631. NIELSEN, A. 1950 a. Notes on the genus Apatidea Mac Lachlan. With descriptions of two new and possibly endemic species from the springs of Himmerland. Entomologiske Meddelelser 25: 384-403. NIELSEN, A. 1950 b. On the zoogeography of springs. Hydrobiologia 2 (4): 313-321. NIELSEN, A. 1969. On the subspecies of Apatania muliebris McL. Entomologiske Meddelelser 37::313-318. NIELSEN, A. 1974. Revision on some opinions expressed in my 1942 paper (pp. 163-164). In: MALICKY, H. (ed.). Proceedings of the first international Symposium on Trichoptera. Junk, The Hague. NOGRADI, S. 1994. New data on the caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna of Hungary. II. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 55: 271-280. SCHMID, F. 1954. Contribution à l’étude de la sous-famille des Apataniinae. II. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 97 (1-2): 1-74. SoLEM, J. O. 1985. Norwegian Apatania Kolenati (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae): identification of larvae and aspects of their biology in a high-altitude zone. Entomologica Scandinavica 16: 161-174. tieni GAZA REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 715-728; décembre 2004 A new genus and species of small characid (Ostariophysi, Characidae) from the upper rio Bermejo basin, northwestern Argentina Juan Marcos MIRANDE!, Gastén AGUILERA! & Maria de las Mercedes AZPELICUETA? l Fundaciön Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 Tucumän, Argentina. E-mail: mcpiranha@hotmail.com. 2 Divisién Zoologia Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: azpeli@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar A new genus and species of small characid (Ostariophysi, Characidae) from the upper rio Bermejo basin, northwestern Argentina. - A new genus and species of small characid is described in this paper. The new genus, Nans gen. n., is diagnosed by the combination of: ii,7-8 dorsal-fin rays, 10-15 branched anal-fin rays, 5 teeth in the inner premaxillary row, rotation of the pelvic bone about 90°, rotation of the pelvic fin muscles, pelvic fin curved and forming a complete tube in mature males, incomplete foramen for exit of the olfactory nerve in the lateral ethmoid. Other charac- ters which help in the identification of Nans are the large subcircular foramen in the dorsal vomerine lamella which articulates with the meseth- moid, the absence of an extrascapular sensory canal in the postemporal, and a laterosensory canal in the anguloarticular. The type species, Nans inde- fessus sp. n. was collected in the rio Anta Muerta and arroyo Colorado, tributaries of the rio Blanco, and in the rio Pescado, upper rio Bermejo basin, Salta, Argentina. Keywords: Characiformes - Characidae - Nans - new genus - rio Bermejo basin. INTRODUCTION The rio Bermejo originates in northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, forming the political limit between both countries; it flows into the rio Paraguay after 1,450 km. The fishes of the upper rio Bermejo basin were almost unknown until few years ago. Fowler (1940) published a list about the ichthyofauna of the rio Lipeo, including 14 species, four of them new for science. More recently, Fernandez (1999) cited 23 fish species found in the National Park Tariquia, southern Bolivia. In a recent exploration of some rivers and streams of the upper rio Bermejo basin, the first and second authors collected 31 species of fishes (Mirande & Aguilera, Manuscript accepted 26.05.2004 716 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. in prep.), including specimens of an unknown species. The possession of several dis- tinctive characters excludes this species from other nominal genera of characids. We describe it as anew genus and a new species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Measurements are straight distances taken with caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements are expressed as percentages of SL or the indicated length. Peduncle length was measured from the insertion of the posteriormost anal-fin ray to the hypural joint. Some specimens examined in this study were cleared and counterstained (C&S) following Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). Vertebrae counts include the four vertebrae of the Weberian apparatus and the caudal CP1+U1 as one element. Material is deposited in the following collections: Asociaciön Ictiolögica, La Plata (AI); Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata (MLP); Facultad de Ciencias, Secciön Genética, Montevideo (MVD-SG); Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucumän (CI-FML); Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Salta (MCNi), and Museum d’histoire naturelle de Genéve, Switzerland (MHNG). Comparative material (SL in mm). Acrobrycon tarijae: CI-FML 3270, 1 ex., 66.6 mm, Argentina, Salta, Oran, La Bambu, rio Bermejo basin, rio Blanco. Aphyocharax paraguayensis: AI 142, 2 ex. C&S, 18.6-23.3 mm, Argentina, Formosa, flood plain of rio Bermejo, in Reserva Ecolögica El Bagual. Astyanax eigenmanniorum: ANSP 21627, paratypes, 2 ex., 42.5-49.4 mm, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. Astyanax latens: AI 112, 2 ex. C&S, 41.0-45.0 mm, Argentina, Salta, Oran, arroyo El Oculto. Astyanax lineatus: CI-FML 3272, 3 ex., 35.3-72.1 mm, Argentina, Salta, Oran, La Bambu, rio Bermejo basin, rio Blanco. Astyanax tupi: AI 128, 4 ex., 60.8-70.0 mm, Argentina, Misiones, Parana basin, arroyo Cufiapiri Chico. Bryconamericus agna: FML 3700, holotype, 61.5 mm, Argentina, Misiones, arroyo Tabay, Parana basin; AI 141, 1 ex. C&S, 60.0 mm, Argentina, Misiones, Parana basin, arroyo Tabay. Bryconamericus iheringii: AI 116, 3 ex. C&S, 39.9-44.3 mm, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Säo Lourenco do Sul, arroios Pinto e Viüva Teresa. Bryconamericus thomasi: CI-FML 1969, 94 ex. (2 males, 3 females measured), 40.3- 55.4 mm, Argentina, Salta, rio Piedras. Bryconamericus exodon: MLP 18-IX-80-1, 2 ex., 39.0- 43.5 mm, Argentina, Buenos Aires, rio de la Plata in Punta Lara. Characidium sp.: AI 153, 1 ex. C&S, 29.6 mm, Argentina, Misiones, arroyo Zaimän near its mouth. Cheirodon interruptus: CI- FML 3825, 2 ex. C&S, 32.9-33.4 mm, Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Embalse rio Hondo; AI 160, 1 ex. C&S, 34.0 mm, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. Ctenobrycon alleni: MLP 6774, 5 ex., 50.0-64.2 mm, Argentina, Santa Fe, laguna Setübal. Cyanocharax alburnus: MVD-SG 59, 1 ex. C&S, 42.5 mm, Uruguay, rio Yaguar6n in Paso Centurion. Diapoma speculiferum: Al 151, 1 ex. C&S, 42.6 mm, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Barra de Ribeiro, Acude dos Garcia. Gymnocharacinus bergi: AI 143, 1 ex. C&S, 52.4 mm, Argentina, rio Negro, arroyo Valcheta. Gymnocorymbus ternetzi: CI-FML 3826, 2 ex. C&S, 33.7-35.6 mm, Paraguay, Alto Paraguay, Fortin Patria, rio Negro. Hemigrammus ulreyi: AI 161, 1 ex. C&S, 34.2 mm, Argentina, Misiones, Nemesio Parma, rio Parana. Hemigrammus erythrozonus: CI-FML 3827, 2 ex. C&S, 25.5-26.9 mm, aquarium specimen. Hyphessobrycon boulengeri: MVD-SG 122, 1 ex. C&S, 38.1 mm, Uruguay, Rocha, rio Yaguaròn. Hyphessobrycon meridionalis: AI 145, 2 ex. C&S, 26.5-32.0 mm, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Berazategui, lago del Parque Pereyra Iraola. Hypobrycon maromba: AI 140, 3 ex., 45.5-47.5 mm, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Concordia, rio Jacutinga. Hypobrycon poi: MLP 9573, holotype, 50.5 mm, Argentina, Misiones, arroyo Once Vueltas. 1 ex. C&S, 45.5 mm, Argentina, Misiones, arroyo Once Vueltas. Markiana nigripinnis: AI 144, 1 ex. C&S, 71.0 mm, Argentina, Formosa, flood plain of rio Bermejo, in Reserva Ecolögica El Bagual. Mimagoniates inequalis: MVD-SG 119, 1 ex., 30.0 mm, Uruguay, Departamento Rocha, environments close to Laguna Castillos. Moenkhausia cf. intermedia: CI- FML 3257, 60 ex. (5 measured), 20.1-31.5 mm, Argentina, Salta, Orän, La Bambi, rio Bermejo basin, arroyo El Oculto. Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae: AI 158, 1 ex. C&S, 31.7 mm, Argentina, Misiones, rio Parana near Posadas. Odontostilbe microcephala: CI-FML 3369, 2 ex., NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHARACIDAE TAG. 48.2-51.6 mm, Argentina, Salta, La Bambi, rio Bermejo basin, rio Blanco. Odontostilbe pequira: CI-FML 3451, 1 ex., 31.5 mm, Argentina, Salta, Rivadavia, rio Bermejo basin, Pozo de los Yacarés. Oligosarcus bolivianus: CI-FML 3277, 4 ex., 89.8-113.8 mm, Argentina, Salta, Oran, La Bambi, rio Bermejo basin, rio Blanco. Poptella paraguayensis: AI 148, 1 ex., 50 mm, Argentina, Misiones, rio Piray-Minf, in Eldorado. Prionobrama paraguayensis: AI 149, 1 ex. C&S, 35.5 mm, Argentina, Chaco, flood plain of rio Tragadero. Psellogrammus kennedyi: AI 150, 2 ex. C&S, 37.4-39.0 mm, Argentina, Formosa, flood plain of rio Bermejo, in Reserva Ecolögica El Bagual. Roeboides paranensis: AI 155, 1 ex. C&S, 39.2 mm, Argentina, Corrientes, rio Riachuelo. Serrapinus microdon: AI 152, 2 ex. C&S, 25.5-29.0 mm, Argentina, Formosa, flood plain of rio Bermejo, in Reserva Ecolögica El Bagual. Serrasalmus maculatus: CI-FML 3827, 1 ex. C&S, 69.2 mm, Argentina, Salta, La Union, Pozo de los Yacarés, rio Bermejo. Tetragonopterus argenteus: AI 156, 2 ex. C&S, 55.5-60.0 mm, Argentina, Corrientes, flood plain of rio Riachuelo. Triportheus paranensis: AI 154, 1 ex. C&S, 129 mm, Argentina, Buenos Aires, rio de la Plata, in Atalaya. RESULTS Nans gen. n. Type species. Nans indefessus sp. n. Diagnosis. Nans is a new genus of small characiforms placed within the family Characidae in light of the absence of characters indicating relationships with other families of the order. Nans is identified by several probably apomorphic characters: 1- the dorsal fin with ii,7-8 rays, 2- the rotation of the pelvic bone about 90°; 3- rotation of the pelvic fin muscles; 4- the pelvic fins curved, forming a tubular structure in mature males; 5- the incomplete foramen for exit of olfactory nerve in the lateral ethmoid; 6- the postemporal without an extrascapular sensory canal; and 7- the absence of latero sensory canal segment in the anguloarticular. The following characters, which are present in other species of characids, also help in the identification of Nans, the anal fin with 10-15 branched rays; the reduction of size of infraorbitals 2 and 3; the variable infraorbital number, ranging from 4 to 9; the loss of supraorbital; the short, blunt sphenotic spine; the two rows of ossified gill rakers on the anteroexternal and posteromedial margins of the first to fourth gill arches; the small anterior fenestra between the cleithrum and coracoid in adults; the high number of supraneurals (7-8); the similar number of precaudal and caudal vertebrae; and the naked isthmus. Etymology. Nans is a latin word that means swimmer in allusion to the habit of the new genus specimens of living in torrents. Gender masculine. Nans indefessus sp. n. Figs 1-6, Table 1 Holotype. CI-FML 4000, male, 49.4 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, Oran, rio Bermejo basin, rio Pescado at Estancia Anta Muerta (22°54.3’ S - 64°28.2’ W); coll. Mirande, Aguilera & Padilla, August 5, 2003. Paratypes. AI 107, 1 ex. C&S, 42.8 mm SL; AI 138, 1 ex., 41.6 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, Oran, rio Anta Muerta tributary of rio Blanco; coll. Mirande, Aguilera & Ferro, May 2002. AI 157, 3 ex., 39.7-51.7 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, Oran, arroyo Colorado, tributary of rio Blanco; coll. Mirande, Aguilera & Ferro, May 2002. CI-FML 4001, 4 ex., 32.0-41.1 mm SL; MNHNG 2643.87, 6 ex., 31.5-40.9 mm SL; MCNi 911, 2 ex., 30.1-33.2 mm SL, collected with the holo- type. CI-FML 4002, 1 ex., 28.4 mm SL, Argentina, Salta, Oran, El Oculto, rio Blanco; coll. Mirande, Aguilera & Quoirin, October 2001. CI-FML 4003, 3 ex., 41.6-44.5 mm SL, rio Anta Muerta, tributary of rio Blanco; coll. Mirande, Aguilera & Ferro, May 2002. 718 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description. Morphometrics of holotype and 18 paratypes are presented in table 1. Body subcircular in cross section, more laterally compressed posteriorly; maximum body depth just anterior to dorsal-fin insertion. Dorsal profile of body straight or scarcely convex between snout and dorsal-fin origin; straight posterior of base of that fin. Dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle straight or ventral scarcely concave. Ventral profile from lower jaw to pelvic-fin origin convex, almost straight or slightly convex between pelvic and anal-fin insertions, slightly convex above anal-fin base in females and juveniles, markedly so in males; abruptly slanted dorsally, especially in males. TABLE 1. Nans indefessus gen. n., sp. n. Morphometrics of male holotype and 18 paratypes. Minimum, maximum, and mean + standard deviation in brackets. SL is measured in mm. Holotype Females (n=9) Males (n=10) SL 49.4 28.4-51.7 31.5-49.4 % of standard length Predorsal distance 51.4 52.0-57.7 (53.9+1.9) 51.0-53.2 (52.0+0.9) Preanal distance 63.6 63.4-71.2 (66.1+2.6) 62.1-67.4 (64.4+1.7) Prepectoral distance 19.2 16.0-20.5 (18.4+1.6) 16.9-20.5 (18.4+1.1) Body depth 3127 27.3-32.1529:5#1:6) 28.7-33.3 (30.6+1.4) Dorsal-fin base 132 11.1-12.9 (11.8+0.6) 11.8-13.3 (12.6+0.6) Anal-fin base 18.2 14.1-19.8 (16.8+1.6) 157-195 GSD) Pectoral-fin length 238 21.4-23.4 (22.4+0.7) 22.6-25.5 (24.2+0.9) Pelvic-fin length 16.3 14.4-15.6 (15.0+0.5) 15.0-18.0 (16.6+0.8) Pectoral-pelvic fin origins 26.0 25.6-30.6 (27.6+1.7) 23.4-27.5 (26.1+1.2) Pelvic-anal fin origins 19.2 16.0-20.5 (18.4+1.6) 16.9-20.5 (18.4+1,1) Head length 26.8 24.7-28.7 (27.1+1.4) 25.8-30.4 (27.5+1.4) Peduncle depth 13.8 12.3-14.6 (13.3+0.7) 12.6-14.4 (13.5+0.6) Peduncle length 24.6 20.5-22.8 (21.4+0.9) 20.6-24.6 (22.4+1.4) % of head length Snout length 2372 19.3-25.1 (22.6+2.1) 19.7-23.5 (21.8+1.4) Orbital diameter 27.8 28.5-34.4 (30.4+2.2) 25.5-33.6 (29.7+2.7) Interorbital width 29.3 27.0-30.4 (28.9+1.2) 26.6-30.6 (28.3+1.1) Maxillary length 24.4 20.6-25.4 (22.7+1.5) 18.9-26.7 (22.9+2.5) Premaxillary+max. length 36.5 36.9-39.6 (38.0+0.9) 32.4-40.9 (38.3+2.6) Postorbital length 50.7 46.9-58.4 (50.5+3.9) 44.7-52.7 (49.0+2.6) Dorsal-fin origin situated almost equidistant from snout and caudal-fin base. Small adipose fin located posterior to vertical through base of posterior most anal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin insertion lightly anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin insertion. Anal-fin origin located at a vertical through base of posteriormost dorsal fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins short, not reaching vertical through pelvic fin insertion or anal-fin origin respec- tively. Dorsal fin with 11,7-8 rays (7 in 2 ex. including holotype, 8 in 16 ex.); posterior margin rounded, bearing first two or three branched rays longest. Anal fin with iüi- 1V,10-15 rays (10 in 1 ex., 11 in 4 ex. including holotype, 12 in 7 ex., 5 in 5 ex., 14 in 1 ex., 15 in 1 ex.). First branched anal-fin rays longest, their length equal to or scarcely longer than base of anal fin. Distal margin of anal fin straight more so in males, and very slightly concave in females. Hooks on anal fin absent. NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHARACIDAE 719 Fic. 1 Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n., holotype, 49.4 mm SL, male. Caudal fin emarginate, with lower lobe slightly broader and longer than upper lobe. Caudal-fin rays numbers variable (10+6 branched and 1 unbranched rays in lower lobe in 1 ex., 10+7 branched and 1 unbranched rays in lower lobe in 1 ex., 9+7 branched and 1 unbranched rays in lower lobe in 1 ex., 10+8 branched and 1 un- branched rays in lower lobe in 16 ex. including holotype). Pectoral fin with 1,10-13 rays (10 in 5 ex., 11 in 10 ex. including holotype, 12 in 3 ex., 13 in 1 ex.). Distal margin of fin rounded. Pelvic fin with pelvic splint and 1,7- 8 rays (7 in 17 ex. including holotype, 8 in 2 ex.). Males with strong hooks on all branched pelvic-fin rays, even in smallest specimens (Figs 2, 3). Hooks directed anteriorly, one per segment even in unbranched portion of rays, and distributed along all ray branches. Dorsal profile of snout strongly convex from snout tip to vertical through anterior margin of eye. Head profile slightly convex or straight from that point to top of supraoccipital spine. Mouth terminal, situated just under middle of eye. Eye notably larger than snout. Infraorbitals reduced in size, with ventral margins distant from pre- opercular sensory canal, leaving a wide area of underlying musculature covered only by skin. Premaxilla with acute ascending process and short alveolar ramus. Premaxilla bearing two series of teeth; external row with teeth shorter than those of posterior row. Outer tooth series with 2 (1 ex.), 3 (13 ex. including holotype), or 4 (5 ex.) teeth; teeth anteroposteriorly compressed only distally. Inner premaxillary tooth series with 5 conical teeth, compressed only distally, bearing three cusps. Fifth tooth smaller, and slightly posterior to proximate tooth. Maxilla with slender dorsal process and long, relatively narrow, laminar process. Maxilla with 4 (10 ex.), 5 (8 ex.), or 6 (1 ex.) tricuspid, slender, and distally compressed teeth. Dentary bearing 8-10 slightly conical teeth, compressed only distally, with one to three cusps; first four teeth larger, with following teeth smaller. 720 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. TG a ZN > PIE E a = n I u < e NS ISIS ar erre RTP A PESTS © Fic. 2 Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n., ventral view of right pelvic girdle. Scale bar= 1 mm. Scales cycloid, with anterior margin rounded, and circuli absent in posterior field. No radii anteriorly directed. Perforated scales on lateral line 36 (3 ex.), 37 (8 ex.), 38 (4 ex.), 39 (2 ex. including holotype), 40 (2 ex.). Five (14 ex.) or 6 (5 ex.) scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin and 4.5 scales between lateral line and pelvic- fin origin. Fourteen or 15 scales between supraoccipital tip and dorsal-fin origin. Thirteen or 14 scales around caudal peduncle. Most specimens with two rows composed of 4-6 scales on anal-fin base, few specimens with 5-6 scales in one row; scales always covering first 6 anal-fin rays. Few scales on caudal-fin base. Isthmus naked. Four cleared and stained specimens with 13 ribs, 35-36 total vertebrae; 7-8 supraneurals; 10-11 dorsal procurrent rays and 9-10 ventral procurrent rays in caudal fin. Two rows of ossified gill rakers on 15° to 4 branchial arches. First arch with 1-2 gill rakers on hypobranchial, 5-6 on ceratobranchial, 1 on cartilage, 2-4 on epibranchial along anterolateral margin; and 3-4 rakers on ceratobranchial, 1 on cartilage, 3-4 on epibranchial along posteromedial margin. Color in life. Background silvery, with dorsal portion of flanks darker. Metallic gold lateral band visible, although faint. Notable black humeral spot, vertically expanded, narrow. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins light pink to intense red. Anterior most dorsal and anal-fin rays white. Color in alcohol. Background yellowish. Upper part of flanks with chroma- tophores forming light, reticulate pattern. Uniformly wide lateral band light grey, beginning close to humeral spot and ending on middle of caudal peduncle. Grey humeral spot vertically-expanded, extending from horizontal through dorsal margin of orbital, to horizontal through ventral margin of preopercle. Humeral spot very narrow in many specimens. Dorsal fin with numerous chromatophores on membranes, forming a diffuse spot, occupying basal two thirds of fin. Anal fin with scattered chromatophores on membranes. Adipose, caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Dark narrow line on dorsal portion of body between supraoccipital and caudal peduncle. Dorsal portion of head grey. Few chromatophores present on premaxilla, maxilla, and around infraorbitals. Chromatophores concentrated and forming two black spots on dorsal and ventral regions of eye. Some specimens with chromatophores concentrated on upper preopercular process and on preopercular articular area. Sexual dimorphism. The rotation of the pelvic bone is present also in females, although the curvature of the pelvic fin is more pronounced in males. In mature males NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHARACIDAE TA FIG. 3 Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n., detail of pelvic fin of one paratype, CI-FML 4003, 44.5 mm SL, male. both pelvic fins form a tubular structure which is always absent in females. The females have relatively longer length between snout tip and insertion of first dorsal-fin ray, and also between origins of pectoral and pelvic fins. The males have relatively longer pectoral and pelvic fins and caudal peduncle. Etymology. The specific name indefessus is a latin adjective that means un tiring, in allusion to the high velocity of the water in which the specimens were collected. Distribution. The specimens were collected in the rio Anta Muerta and arroyo Colorado, tributaries of the rfo Blanco, and in the rfo Pescado; all in the upper rio Bermejo basin, in the province of Salta, Argentina (Fig. 4). The specimens were col- lected in areas of the streams or rivers with gravel bottom, low depth, and clear, rapidly flowing water. Submerged vegetation was scarce. DISCUSSION Under the traditional concept of Astyanax (Eigenmann, 1921, 1927), Nans should be included in that genus because both genera share the premaxilla with five teeth in a second series, complete lateral line, the caudal fin naked, and absence of pre- dorsal spine. Nonetheless, Nans has many characters that distinguishes it from Astyanax. The dorsal fin with two unbranched plus seven or eight branched rays is present in Nans, whereas Astyanax has the dorsal fin with two or three unbranched and nine branched rays, considered as the primitive condition of the character. Nans has 722 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. Rio Lipeo Rio Grande < de Tarija Rio Pescado 2 Va Rio Bermejo 40 km Rio Blanco | Tropic of Capricorn FIG. 4 Geographical known distribution of Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n. in the upper rio Bermejo basin, Orän, province of Salta, Argentina. 1, type locality, rio Pescado at Estancia Anta Muerta. 2, rio Anta Muerta, tributary of rio Blanco. 3, arroyo Colorado, tributary of rio Blanco. 4, El Oculto, rio Blanco. short anal fin with 10-15 branched rays. In contrast, Astyanax has longer anal fin with more than 18 branched rays, excluded A. brachypterygium, A. cremnobates, and A. Jenynsii (Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001). Nans has the infraorbitals 2 and 3 reduced in size, with their ventral margins distant from preopercular sensory canal; the ventral margins of the infraorbitals 2 and 3 are situated very near to preopercular sensory canal in Astyanax, this is the common condition among characids. Also, Nans has the ante- rior portion of body subcircular in cross section and Astyanax has that portion of body laterally compressed. In Nans, the gill rakers on first ceratobranchial are short, conical, and located in two rows whereas Astyanax has long, setiform gill rakers located in one row. The scales of Nans have rounded anterior margin (vs. straight in Astyanax). The isthmus is naked in Nans and it is covered with scales in Astyanax. The premaxillary and dentary teeth of Nans are conical although their distal tips are compressed and bear three cusps; in Astyanax, premaxillary and dentary teeth have broad crowns with NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHARACIDAE 723 Fic. 5 Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n., right anterolateral view of snout bones. Olfactory foramen partially bounded by cartilage; a large foramen placed in dorsomedial vomerine lamella for ar- ticulation with mesethmoid. Scale bar= 1 mm. denticulated free margin. The dorsal margin of dentary between coronoid process and symphysis abruptly tapers ventrally in Nans, ressembling that of Bryconamericus, whereas the same margin is almost straight in the dentary of Astyanax. Many osteo- logical characters differentiate Nans from Astyanax: blunt sphenotic spine (vs. long sphenotic spine in Astyanax); very short supraoccipital spine (vs. relatively long): seven or eight supraneurals (vs. four to six); large orbitosphenoid with its anteroventral margin near parasphenoid (vs. short orbitosphenoid); slender postcleithrum 3 (vs. post- cleithrum 3 with laminar portion); the short nasals do not surpass the lateral wings of mesethmoid (vs. long nasals, surpassing the lateral wings of mesethmoid); the olfactory foramen is partially bounded by cartilage in Nans whereas it is completely bounded by bone in Astyanax. The latter and other characters present in Nans are discussed below. 724 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. Fic. 6 Nans indefessus gen. n. and sp. n., left lateral view of extrascapula, postemporal and supra- cleithrum. Sensory canals developed on extrascapula and supracleithrum; a sensory canal is absent on postemporal. Scale bar= 1 mm. The new genus lacks the synapomorphies of phylogenetically defined sub- families or genera, such as the Glandulocaudinae (Weitzman & Fink, 1985; Weitzman et al., 1994; Weitzman & Ortega, 1995; Weitzman & Menezes, 1998), Cheirodontinae (Malabarba, 1998), Stethaprioninae (Reis, 1989), Serrasalminae (Machado Allison, 1983), and the genera Moojenichthys (Castro & Vari, 1990), Hypobrycon (Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994), Jupiaba (Zanata, 1997), Attonitus (Vari & Ortega, 2000), Caiapobrycon (Malabarba & Vari, 2000), Creagrutus and Piabina (Vari & Harold, 2001), and Deuterodon (Lucena & Lucena, 2002). The following characters are pertinent to the question of the phylogenetic placement of the new genus: 1- The presence of 11,7-8 dorsal fin rays in Nans, separates it from most genera of characids. Recently, Malabarba & Weitzman (2003) published the description of Cyanocharax, including the phylogenetic diagnosis of a putative clade A which is diagnosed by the presence of 11,8 dorsal-fin rays and 4 teeth in the inner premaxillary row. The first synapomorphy is present in Nans which, however, always have 5 pre- maxillary teeth in the inner row. Furthermore, the terminal mouth of Nans distinguishes it from genera included in clade A, all of which have ventrally-located mouths, or mod- ified teeth. The genus Cyanocharax, with terminal mouth and generalized teeth, has 6 branched pelvic-fin rays in contrast to the pelvic fin of Nans with 7-8 branched rays. Modifications related to sexual dimorphism are often found in characids. Males of different genera of Glandulocaudinae (Weitzman & Fink, 1983; Weitzman & Fink, 1985; Menezes & Weitzman, 1990), Cheirodontinae (Malabarba, 1998), and many tetragonopterins have hooks variably present on the anal and pelvic fins; some tetragonopterins also have hooks on pectoral, caudal, and/or dorsal fins. Modifications of the pelvic girdle such as those present in Jupiaba (Zanata, 1997), are uncommon in characids. Nans has three possibly autapomorphic characters related to the pelvic girdle, and pelvic muscles. 2- In most characids, the pelvic bone is located in a horizontal plane. In males and females of Nans, the pelvic bone is positioned in a vertical plane, with the primi- tively external, posterolateral margin of the bone shifted ventrally (Fig. 2). 3- The pelvic fish muscles are usually located on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the pelvic bone (Winterbottom, 1974; Zanata, 1997). As a consequence of the NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHARACIDAE 725 rotation of the pelvic bone, the muscles in Nans occupy the lateral faces of the bone, with the abductor pelvicus located lateromedially and the adductor pelvicus occupying the lateral, external surface. The adductor superficialis is a large muscle with many fibers covering the anterior portion of the abductors, with muscles inserting on medial surface of the pelvic bone. The arrector ventralis is very well developed, being larger than that of other examined characids (e. g. Astyanax, Bryconamericus, Markiana). 4- In the Characidae the pelvic fins usually lie in a horizontal plane. As a consequence of the rotation of the pelvic bone in Nans, the external unbranched rays also shift ventrally, resulting in pelvic fins with a degree of curvature, with the inner branched ray dorsomedially positionated. The curvature of the fins is most pronounced in males and most modified in mature males in which the margin of the fins overlap to form a tubular structure (Figs 2, 3), with the primitively lateral unbranched fin ray positioned ventromedially. Different modifications occur in the pelvic fins of some species of glandulocaudins, such as Scopaeocharax atopodus and Xenurobrycon macropus (Weitzman & Fink, 1985). In males of Bryconamericus thomasi, B. eigen- manni, and B. rubropictus, the curvature of the anal rays is similar to that of Nans, but in Bryconamericus species the rays are curved while the bases of the rays maintain their usual position. 5- The lateral ethmoid of characids has an opening for the olfactory foramen, as described by Weitzman (1962) in Brycon meeki. In Nans, more than half of the opening for the olfactory foramen is bounded by the lateral ethmoid (Fig. 5). The medial margin of the aperture is sorrounded by a cartilage which also contacts the large orbito- sphenoid. That foramen is completely bordered by the lateral ethmoid in other examined species. The rhinosphenoid is absent. Two characters that differentiate Nans from other characids are associated with the laterosensory canal system. 6- The supratemporal canal of the laterosensory system of characids usually exits the extrascapula, passes into the posttemporal, and enters into the supratemporal. This is the most common pattern in characids such as Astyanax latens, Bryconamericus agna, Cheirodon interruptus, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Sal- minus maxillosus, Gymnocharacinus bergi, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Hyphessobry- con meridionalis, and Brycon orbignyanus, and also in species of other characiform families such as Hoplias cf. malabaricus, Oligosarcus bolivianus, Thoracocharax stellatus, Steindachnerina brevipinna, and Characidium sp. (Azpelicueta, 1979). The supratemporal sensory canal is absent on the posttemporal of Nans (Fig. 6), an absence that also occurs in other species as homoplasy (e.g. Hemigrammus erythrozonus in Weitzman & Fink, 1983; per. obs.). The posttemporal of Hemigrammus ulreyi and Hyphessobrycon boulengeri have a sensory canal segment. 7- The lower jaw of chara- cids bears a sensory canal- the mandibular canal- that passes through the dentary and anguloarticular (Weitzman, 1962). The mandibular sensory canal does not develop within the anguloarticular of Nans, instead the sensory system segment runs through the skin from the dentary to the anterior limit of the preopercle. A reduction in the degree of development of sensory canals often occurs in miniature characids but Nans reaches total lengths larger than those of the miniature characids discussed by Weitzman & Vari (1988). Weitzman & Malabarba (1998) pointed out that characid species with modi- fications related to sexual dimorphism are an excellent source of phylogenetic infor- 726 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. mation. This may be the case of Nans, although insemination has not been studied in the genus. The relationships of Nans with other genera are unknown as are the rela- tionships of many species and genera of Characidae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Axel Bachman (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) for his help with nomenclatural troubles; Luiz Malabarba (Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil) and Graciela Garcia for exchange or loan of material; one anonymous reviewer who greatly improved the English style and added valuable suggestions; CONICET, Fundaciön Miguel Lillo and Fundaciön Proyungas for financial support; Ignacio Ferro, Matias Quoirin, Sebastian Barrionuevo, Guillermo Suärez, and Rogelio Yänez for help in the collecting expeditions, and the Secretarfa de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Renovables de la Provincia de Salta for collecting permits. REFERENCES AZPELICUETA, M. de las M. 1979. Anatomia comparada craneana y cintura pectoral de peces Characiformes. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 100 pp. BERTACO, V. & MALBARBA, L. R. 2001. 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W. 1940. Zoological results of the second Bolivian expedition for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1936-1937. Part I. The fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 92: 43-103. LUCENA, C. A. S. & LUCENA, Z. M. S. 2002. Redefiniçäo do gênero Deuterodon Eigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae). Comunicägoes do Museu de Ciéncias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Série Zoologia, Porto Alegre 15: 113-135. MACHADO-ALLISON, A. 1983. Estudios sobre la sistematica de la subfamilia Serrasalminae (Teleostei, Characidae). Parte II. Discusiön sobre la condiciön monofiletica de la subfa- milia. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 1: 145-195. MALABARBA, L. R. 1998. Monophyly of the Cheirodontinae, characters and major clades (Ostariophysi: Characidae) (pp. 193-233). In: MALABARBA, L. R., REIS, R. E., VARI, R. P., LUCENA, Z. M. & LUCENA, C. A. (eds). Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Part 2. EdiPUCRS, Porto Alegre, 603 pp. MALABARBA, M. C. S. 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Phylogenetic study of the Neotropical fish genera Creagrutus Günther and Piabina Reinhardt (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with a revision of the Cis-Andean species. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology 613: 1-239. WEITZMAN, S. H. 1962. The osteology of Brycon meeki, a generalized characid fish, with an osteological definition of the family. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 8: 1-77. WEITZMAN, S. H. & FINK, W. L. 1983. Relationships of the Neon tetras, a group of South American freshwater fishes (Teleostei, Characidae), with comments on the phylogeny of New World Characiformes. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 150: 339-395. WEITZMAN, S. H. & FINK, S. V. 1985. Xenurobrycon phylogeny and putative pheromone pumps in Glandulocaudine fishes (Teleostei: Characidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 421: 1-121. WEITZMAN, S. H. & VARI, R. P. 1988. Miniaturization in South American freshwater fishes; an overview and discussion. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 444- 465. WEITZMAN S. H. & ORTEGA, H. 1995. A new species of Tyttocharax (Teleostei: Characidae: Glandulocaudinae: Xenurobryconini) from the rio Madre de Dios basin of Pert. Ichthyo- logical Exploration of Freshwaters 6: 129-148. WEITZMAN, S. H. & MALABARBA, L. R. 1998. Perspectives about the phylogeny and classi- fication of the Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) (pp. 161-170). In: MALABARBA, L. R., REIS, R. E., VARI, R. P., LUCENA, Z. M. & LUCENA, C. A. (eds). Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Part 2. EdiPUCRS, Porto Alegre, 603 pp. WEITZMAN, S. H. & MENEZES, N. A. 1998. Relationships of the tribes and genera of the Glandulocaudinae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with a description of a new genus, Chrysobrycon (pp. 171-192). In: MALABARBA, L. R., REIS, R. E., VARI, R. P., LUCENA, Z. M. & LUCENA, C. A. (eds). Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. Part 2. EdiPUCRS, Porto Alegre, 603 pp. WEITZMAN, S. H., FINK, S. V., MACHADO-ALLISON, A. & ROYERO, L. R. 1994. A new genus and species of Glandulocaudine (Teleostei: Characidae) from southern Venezuela. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 5: 45-64. 728 J. M. MIRANDE ET AL. WINTERBOTTOM, R. 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 125: 225-317. ZANATA, À. M. 1997. Jupiaba, um novo gênero de Teragonopterinae com osso pélvico em forma de espinho (Characidae, Characiformes). /heringia, Série Zoologia, Porto Alegre 83: 99- 136. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 729-741; décembre 2004 New species of Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from the Philippines (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) Yong HONG! & Samuel W. JAMES? 1 Faculty of Biological Resources Science, College of Agriculture, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. E-mail: yhong @chonbuk.ac.kr; geoworm@hanmail.net (author for reprint requests). 2 Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, U.S.A. New species of Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from the Philippines (Oligo- chaeta: Megascolecidae). - Six new Amynthas are described from the Philippines: Amynthas isarogensis sp. n., Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n., Amynthas philippinensis sp. n., Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n., Amynthas halconensis sp. n. and Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. Amynthas isarogensis sp. n. and Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. have a proandric male sexual system and small penes within enlarged prostatic ducts. Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. has spermathecal pores in 4/5, Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. has sper- mathecal pores in 4/5, 5/6, Amynthas halconensis sp. n. has spermathecal pores in 4/5, 5/6, and 6/7, and Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. has spermathecal pores in 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, and 7/8. These last four species also have small hoods over the male pores. Amynthas halconensis sp. n. and Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. were only collected in soils, while the other 4 species were collected in both soils and arboreal habitats. All 6 new species lack genital markings in the spermathecal segments. Descriptions of the new species are provided, including illustrations of the ventral view, male pore region, and sper- mathecae. Keywords: Earthworms - Amynthas - Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta - Philippines - taxonomy. INTRODUCTION Philippines earthworms have never been collected in an organized manner. All 19h and 20 century accounts of Philippine earthworms were based on haphazardly collected specimens that eventually came to the attention of specialists (James, 2004). Beddard (1912) recorded 4 species of Amynthas out of 9 Pheretima-complex group species from Luzon Island. Recently Joshi er al. (2000), recorded Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867) from Ifugao Rice Terraces. The previously known Philippine Amynthas belong to 6 species: A. albobrunneus (Beddard, 1912), A. americanorum (Beddard, 1912), A. orientalis (Beddard, 1912), A. robustus (Vaillant, 1889), A. sodalis Manuscript accepted 04.05.2004 730 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES (Beddard, 1912) and A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867). However, Beddard’s (1912) four species descriptions lack information on the caecum location, so their placement in Amynthas must be considered provisional. Types of these species are not locatable (Reynolds & Cook, 1976). The northern part of Luzon apparently lacks indigenous Amynthas (James, unpublished data). Furthermore, Beddard’s species have some features in common with endemic Philippine Pithemera (James et al., 2004), leading us to suspect that the four species are actually Pithemera. In this study, specimens were collected from February to July 2001, on Luzon and Mindoro Islands, mainly in forests on isolated volcanic peaks or large mountain ranges. Material was found in soils and litter layers by digging and hand sorting from 23 localities on Luzon, the Batanes Islands, Mindoro Island, and Catanduanes Island, with a total of 142 collecting stations. Arboreal habitats were also manually searched; these included leaf axils of palms and Pandanaceae, organic debris trapped in various ferns, and layers of mosses and vascular plant epiphytes. In this paper, 6 species of Amynthas new to science are reported from the Philippines. The genus Amynthas is the largest genus of the Pheretima-complex group (Sims & Easton, 1972), consisting of more than 500 species. Ranges of individual Amynthas species are limited when known, and most species are probably endemics except for A. hilgendorfi, A. corticis and other peregrines. However, Amynthas is not common in the Philippines, and was only collected at 4 localities: Mt. Isarog, Mt. Malinao, Mt. Halcon, and Mt. Baco. Each of the six new species was found in only one locality. Holotypes and paratypes are deposited in the National Museum of the Philippines Annelid collection (NMA). Paratypes are deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), and Museum of Natural History of Geneva (MHNG). DESCRIPTIONS Amynthas isarogensis Sp. n. Figs 1A-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003750): Philippines, Mt. Isarog (13° 39.65°N, 123° 22.28” E), 1987 m, soil, 15 May 2001, S. W. James, M. Levi, P. Nillos, & J. Ffitch colls. 3 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 0003756), 1 clitellate (FMNH 10017), 1 clitellate (MHNG 34812): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Same data as for holotype, 10 clitellate, 1 aclitellate specimens; Mt. Isarog (13° 39.79’ N, 123° 21.79’ E), 1340 m, arboreal, 3 aclitellate, 13-14 May 2001; Mt. Isarog (13° 39.65’ N, 123° 22.28’ E), 1987 m, arboreal, 2 aclitellate, 15 May 2001; Mt. Isarog (13° 39.70’ N, 123° 22.07’ E), 1745 m, soil, 9 clitellate, 9 aclitellate, 15 May 2001, S. W. James, M. Levi, P. Nillos, J. Ffitch colls.; Mt. Isarog (13° 40’N, 123° 22’E), 1560 m, 4 clitellate, Dec. 1993, L. Heaney coll. Etymology: The species is named for its type locality. Diagnosis: Spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9. Male sexual system proandric, male pores on penes in chamber formed by enlarged prostatic duct opening on 0.4-0.5 mm male porophore, openings 0.1-0.5 mm diameter; three pairs of genital papillae in male field. Description: Red-brown dorsal pigment. Dimensions 45-99 mm by 3.7-4.2 mm at segment x, 3.3-3.5 mm at xxx, 3.3-3.4 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 93-98. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 42 at vii, 56 at xx; 6-9 between male pores, size and distance regular; setal formula NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 731 Fıc. 1 Amynthas isarogensis Sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 2 mm (B). AA:AB:YZ:ZZ = 4:2:2:3 at xiii. Female pore single in xiv, 0.25 mm oval shape. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae invisible externally. Male pores superficial on 0.4-0.5 mm male porophore, openings 0.1-0.5 mm diameter. Between male pores paired postsetal circular 0.3 mm genital papillae xviii, two pairs genital papillae pre-, postsetal xviii, protuberant, dark color, hardened. Spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9, ventral, open pores in furrows next to bump on edge of segments. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-6/7 thin, 7/8 thick, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11-13/14 thin. Gizzard large globular in viii-x. Intestine begins in xvii. Typhlosole simple low fold about 1/6 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly about to xxiv, each consisting of a finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts four pairs in x-xili, 1x lateral large in left side. Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in viii, ix; ampulla small pouch, duct thick, as long as ampulla; diverticulum stalk long slender, ental half not muscular, ectal half muscular, chamber long, slender; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x in paired ventral sacs. Seminal vesicles in xi only. Prostates xviii extending to xvi-xix; duct muscular, spindle-shaped with large lumen in thick central part, narrowing to very small ectally, opening of male pore on 732 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES small penis inside small chamber entirely within body wall; glandular portions of prostates consist of one or two lobes. Genital markings glands sessile or very short stalk xviii. Remarks: Amynthas isarogensis sp. n. has a very unusual proandric male sexu- al system. Amynthas formosae Michaelsen, 1922 and several unpublished species (James, unpub. data) from Taiwan and A. pataniensis Michaelsen 1896 from Halmahera and Batjan Islands of Indonesia are the only other known proandric Amynthas. The Taiwan species are octothecal and the Indonesian has numerous geni- tal markings in the spermathecal segments and in the male field area of xvii-xxi. These two species also lack the expanded prostatic duct and penes found in Amynthas isaro- gensis sp. n. and the following (Michaelsen, 1896, 1922). Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. Figs 2A-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003751): Philippines, Mt. Malinao, Albay Province (13° 25.98’ N, 123° 37.63’ E), 852 m, soil, 10 May 2001, S. W. James & A. Castillo colls. 3 paratypes: 1 semiclitellate (NMA 0003757), 1 clitellate (FMNH 10018), 1 clitellate (MHNG 34813): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Same data as for holotype, 1 semi- clitellate, 1 aclitellate specimens; Mt. Malinao, Albay Province (13° 23.96’ N, 123° 37.16’ E), 1035 m, soil, 1 clitellate, 11 May 2001; Mt. Malinao, Albay Province (13° 23.96’ N, 123° 37.16’ E), 1035 m, arboreal, 2 clitellate, 11 May 2001, S. W. James & A. Castillo colls. Etymology: The species is named for its type locality. Diagnosis: Spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9. Male sexual system proandric, male pores 1/3 circumference apart on 0.8 mm male porophore, openings 0.2 mm diameter, genital papillae glands stalked. Description: Brown dorsal pigment. Dimensions 35-46 mm by 3.0 mm at seg- ment x, 2.7 mm at xxx, 2.6 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 66- 76. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 47 at vii, 49 at xx; 4-7 between male pores, size and distance irregular; setal formula AA:AB: YZ:ZZ = 1.5:1:2:2 at xiii. Female pore single in xiv, 0.2 mm small oval shape. First dorsal pore 11/12 or 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae invisible externally. Male pores 1/3 circumference apart on 0.8 mm male porophore, openings 0.2 mm diameter. Between male pores paired circular presetal 0.3 mm genital papillae, 0.2 mm papilla postsetal near the male pores in lateral margin, distance between male pores 1.5 mm, penis visible within male pores. Spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9, ventral, conspicuous, spermathecal pores area thickened slightly. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-7/8 thin, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11-13/14 thin. Gizzard globular in vili-x. Intestine begins in xv, small paired lymph glands from xxvii along the dorsal vessel. Typhlosole low simple fold about 1/5 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly about to xxiv, each consisting of a finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts four pairs in x-xiii, ix in right side only, viii, vii lateral, reduced. Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in vii, viii; ampulla mushroom-shaped, duct thick, diverticulum stalk thick muscular in ectal half, stalk twice ampulla length, chamber pepper-shaped or long cone; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, joined ventrally. Seminal vesicles large in xi only. Prostates xviii extending to xv-xx; duct muscular NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 733 Fic. 2 Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B). spindle-shaped with large lumen in thick central part, narrowing to very small ectally, opening of male pore on small penis inside small chamber entirely within body wall, glandular portions of prostates consist of one main lobe. Genital papillae of xvii with stalked glands corresponding approximately in number to the externally visible papillae, no circular muscle layer in stalks. Remarks: The species also has the unusual proandric male sexual system with penes. Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. differs from Amynthas isarogensis sp. n. in having shorter body length, more narrowly spaced dorsal and ventral gaps, less distance between male pores and less distance between spermathecal pores. Also, Amynthas isarogensis sp. n. has paired postsetal circular genital papillae between the male pores, but Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. has paired circular presetal genital papillae between the male pores and one postsetal papilla near the male pores. Intestinal origin is xvii in Amynthas isarogensis sp. n. but xv in Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n., and the genital papillae glands have longer stalks in Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. than in Amynthas isarogensis Sp. n. Proandry is uncommon within the family Megascolecidae, and also within the Pheretima complex of genera. Among the latter, most species have a holandric system (testes present in x, xi), with proandric (testes restricted to x) or metandric (testes only in xi) less common. Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. Figs 3A-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003752): Philippines, Mindoro Island, Mt. Halcon summit (13° 15.83’ N, 120° 59.62’ E), 2603 m, mainly under woody plants, which in this location are shrubs from 0.5-1.5 m high, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. 2 paratypes: 734 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES FIG. 3 Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B). 1 clitellate (FMNH 10019) Mindoro Island, Mt. Halcon (13° 15.91’ N, 120° 59.33’ E), 2500 m, summit ridge mossy forest, worms abundant in soil and arboreal soils, 8 July 2001; 1 clitellate (MHNG 34814) Mindoro Island, Mt. Halcon (13° 15.83’ N, 120° 59.62’ E), 2603 m, soil, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. Etymology: The species is named for its country of origin. Diagnosis: Amynthas with spermathecal pores in 4/5. Male pores under small half moon-shaped hoods, distance between male pores 1.3 mm, hearts x lacking. Description: Brown dorsal and ventral pigment. Dimensions 70 mm by 3.1 mm at segment x, 2.8 mm at xxx, 2.6 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, seg- ments 100. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 47 at vii, 48 at xx; 0 between male pores, size and distance regular; setal formula AA: AB: YZ:ZZ = 2:1.5:2:2 at xiii. Female pore single in xiv, 0.4 mm oval shape. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae visible externally. Male pores superficial near lateral margins of ventrum in xviii, within elevated area, male pores under small half moon-shaped hoods, distance between male pores 1.3 mm. Spermathecal pores in 4/5, ventral, very small, inconspicuous. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-6/7 thick, 7/8-8/9 thin, 9/10 absent, 10/11-13/14 thin. Gizzard globular in viii. Intestine begins in xv, small paired lymph glands from xxvii along the dorsal vessel. Typhlosole simple fold about 1/4 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly about to xxiv or xxv, each consisting of a finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts three pairs in xi-xili, x absent, ix lateral large in right side. Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in v; ampulla small pouch, duct longer than ampulla, diverticulum with slender stalk, longer than ampulla, equally slender chamber also longer than ampulla; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, xi. Seminal vesicles large in NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 735 xi, xii. Prostates xviii extending to xvi-xx; duct thick, muscular, looped, both glandular portions consist of two main lobes. Remarks: In Sims & Easton (1972) the key leads to those species whose first spermathecal pores are in 4/5, which include the holandric bithecate taxa A. swanus Tsai, 1964, A. megascolidioides Goto & Hatai, 1899, the pauxillulus group, and the hexathecus group. All have 2 or more pairs of spermathecal pores. Therefore Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. is unique in the genus by having one pair of spermathecae in v. The hooded male pores are also unusual, but this characteristic is shared with other Mindoro Island Amynthas. The species was collected from Mt. Halcon, near the summit at 2603 m elevation and in mossy forest on the summit ridge. Amynthas philip- pinensis sp. n. was found in soil under low shrubs on the wind swept summit, and in soil and arboreal habitats in mossy forest lower on the summit ridge. Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. Figs 4A-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003753): Philippines, Mindoro Island, Mt. Halcon (13° 16.01’ N, 120° 59.05’ E), 2442 m, soil low on the summit ridge, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (FMNH 10020), 1 clitellate (MHNG 34815): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Mt. Halcon (13° 17.94’ N, 120° 00.21’ E), 1584 m, arboreal, 1 clitellate, 1 aclitellate, 6 July 2001, S. W. James, A. Castillo & M. Levi colls; Mt. Halcon (13° 17.94’ N, 120° 00.21’ E), 1584 m, soil, 1 clitellate, 7 July 2001, S. W. James, A. Castillo & M. Levi colls; Mt. Halcon (13° 16.01’ N, 120° 59.05’ E), 2442m, soil low on the sum- mit ridge, 4 aclitellate, 8 July 2001; Mt. Halcon (13° 15.91’ N, 120° 59.33’ E), 2500 m, arbore- al, 1 clitellate, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls; Mt. Halcon (13° 15.91’ N, 120° 59.33’E), 2500 m, soil, 2 clitellate, 2 aclitellate, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls; Mt. Halcon (13° 17.89’ N, 120° 59.87’ E), 1185 m, riparian forest, 1 clitellate, 1 aclitellate, 9 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. Etymology: The species is named for its type locality on Mindoro Island. Diagnosis: Spermathecal pores in 4/5, 5/6. Male pores under small half-moon shaped hoods, distance between male pores 2.3 mm; paired 0.8 x 0.4 mm oval genital papillae between male pores, hearts of x lacking. Description: Brownish dorsal pigment. Dimensions 32-48 mm by 2.7-3.5 mm at segment x, 2.3-3.3 mm at xxx, 2.2-2.4 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 68-96. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 49 at vii, 48 at xx; size and distance regular; setal formula AA: AB: YZ:ZZ = 2.5:1.5:2:4.5 at xiii. Female pore single in xiv, 0.3 mm oval shape. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae visible externally. Male pores superficial near lateral margins of ventrum in xviii, within elevated area, male pores under small half-moon shaped hoods, distance between male pores 2.3 mm. Between male pores 0.8 x 0.4 mm paired oval genital papillae, dark color, hardened, no setae between male pores. Spermathecal pores in 4/5, 5/6, ventrally, very small, inconspicuous. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-6/7 thick, 7/8 thin, 8/9-10/11 absent, 11/12-12/13 thick, 13/14 thin. Gizzard globular in viii-x. Intestine begins in xv, small paired lymph glands from xxvii along the dorsal vessel. Typhlosole simple fold about 1/4 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly about to xxiv, each consisting of a finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts three pairs in xi-xiii, x absent, ix, vii lateral reduced, vii lateral. 736 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES FIG. 4 Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B). Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in v, vi; ampulla large pouch, duct thick, diverticulum thin, long slender stalk, long slender chamber, longer than ampulla; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally joined paired sacs in x, x1. Seminal vesicles large in x1, xii. Prostates xviii extending to xvii-xx; duct thick in middle, short, muscular, both glandular portions consist of two main lobes; slight glandular development above genital papillae in XVII. Remarks: Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. keys to the Taiwanese A. swanus in Sims & Easton (1972). Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. appears to be related to A. swanus by location of spermathecal pores A. swanus but, it is separated easily by the male pore region. Genital papillae of Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. are paired ovals between the male pores, but A. swanus has a tubercular surface surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by oblique wide ridges. A. swanus lacks the hoods over the male pores and has hearts in x. Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. was collected from Mt. Halcon in the same habitats as the previous species, from both soil and arboreal locations. Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. differs from Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. in having shorter body length, more widely spaced dorsal gap, and more widely spaced male pores. Also it is easily distinguished by having genital papillae and an additional pair of spermathecae in vi. Amynthas halconensis sp. n. Figs SA-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003754): Philippines, Mindoro Island, Mt. Halcon (13° 15.83’ N, 120° 59.62’ E), 2603 m, mainly under woody plants, which in this case are shrubs from 0.5-1.5 m high, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. 3 paratypes: 1 cli- tellate (NMA 0003758), 1 clitellate (FMNH 10021), 1 clitellate (MHNG 34816): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Same data as for holotype, 4 clitellate specimens; Mt. Halcon (13° 15.83’ N, 120° 59.62’E), 2603 m, soil, 5 clitellate, 2 aclitellate, 8 July 2001, S. W. James & M. Levi colls. NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 737 Fic. 5 Amynthas halconensis sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 2 mm (B). Etymology: The species is named for its type locality. Diagnosis: Spermathecal pores in 4/5-6/7. Male pores under small hoods near lateral margin, distance between male pores 2.2 mm; between male pores one large rectangular 0.9 x 0.5 mm papilla. Description: Dark gray dorsal pigment. Dimensions 67-86 mm by 3.5-3.8 mm at segment x, 3.3-3.5 mm at xxx, 3.0-3.3 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 111-118. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 44 at vii, 49 at xx; 0 between male pores, size and distance irregular; setal formula AA:AB:YZ:ZZ = 3:1.5:2:3.5 at xili. Female pore single in xiv, 0.4 mm small oval shape. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae visible externally. Male pores superficial under small hoods near lateral margin of ventrum in xvili within elevated area, distance between male pores 2.2 mm. Between male pores one large rectangular 0.9 x 0.5 mm papilla. Spermathecal pores in 4/5-6/7, in small flat porophores, pore opening appears black. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-7/8 thin, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11 thin, 11/12-13/14 thick. Gizzard large globular in viii-x. Intestine begins in xv. Typhlosole simple fold about 1/3 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly 738 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES about to xxiii, each consisting of a finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts four pairs in x-xili, ix, Vill, vil lateral. Ovaries in xiii. Paired spermathecae in v, vi, vii; ampulla globular pouch, duct medium thickness, as long as ampulla, extremely thin diverticulum three times duct length, ental 1/3 slender chamber; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, xi. Seminal vesicles in xi, xii. Prostates xviii extending to xv-xx; both glandular portions consist of 3-4 lobes, duct thick, muscular. Genital papilla of xviii with large sessile gland corresponding to the large square papilla. Remarks: Amynthas halconensis sp. n. keys to the pauxillulus group in Sims & Easton (1972), which is composed of three species, A. dignus (Chen, 1946), A. pauxil- lulus (Gates, 1936), and A. swanus (Tsai, 1964). The species has the same number and location of spermathecal pores as this group but has a different male field containing a single midventral papilla and has hooded male pores, unlike any of the other three (Gates, 1936; Tsai, 1964). A. swanus, A. dignus and A. pauxillulus have no genital papillae. The intestinal origin of Amynthas halconensis sp. n. is in xv, while it is in xvi in A. dignus and A. pauxillulus. The testis sacs also differ, being paired in the new species and annular or horseshoe-shaped in A. dignus and A. pauxillulus. Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. Figs 6A-B Material: Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 0003755): Philippines, Mindoro Island, Mt. Baco (12° 38.73’ N, 121° 01.25’ E), 72 m, soil, 13 July 2001, M. Levi & P. Nillos colls. 3 paratypes: 1 semiclitellate (NMA 0003759), 1 semiclitellate (FMNH 10022), 1 semiclitellate (MHNG 34817): Same data as for holotype. Other material: Same data as for holotype, 1 semi- clitellate, 20 aclitellate specimens. Etymology: The species is named for its type locality near Mt. Baco. Diagnosis: Spermathecal pores in 4/5-7/8. Male pores on 0.4 mm round protu- berant male patches, distance between male pores 3.7 mm; genital papillae paired ovals 1.3 x 0.7 mm, near lateral in xvii, extending to 16/17, 17/18. Description: Light-brown dorsal and ventral pigment. Dimensions 57-68 mm by 3.0-3.3 mm at segment x, 3.0-3.1 mm at xxx, 3.0-3.2 mm at clitellum; body cylin- drical throughout, segments 91-102. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, numbering 41 at vii, irregular, 64 at xx, regular; between male pores, size and distance irregular; setal formula AA: AB: YZ:ZZ = 2:1.5:2:2 at xiii. Female pore single in xiv, 0.3 mm small oval shape. First dorsal pore 12/13. Clitellum annular xiv-xvi; setae visible externally. Male pores superficial near lateral margin of ventrum in xviii, on 0.4 mm round protuberant male patches, distance between male pores 3.7 mm. Genital papillae paired oval 1.3 x 0.7 mm, near lateral in xvii, dark, hardened, extending to 16/17, 17/18. Four pairs spermathecal pores in 4/5-7/8, mid-lateral, inconspicuous. Genital markings absent. Septa 5/6-7/8 thin, 8/9 absent, 9/10, 10/11 very thin, 11/12, 12/13 thick, 13/14 thin. Gizzard globular in viii-ix. Intestine begins in 1/2xv, small paired lymph glands from xxvii along the dorsal vessel. Typhlosole simple fold about 1/3 lumen diameter from xxvii. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in xxvii, extending anteriorly about to NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 739 FIG. 6 Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. A: ventral view; B: spermathecae. Scale bars = 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B). xxiv, each consisting of a large finger-shaped sac. Esophageal hearts four pairs in x-X1ll, 1X, vili, vii lateral. Ovaries in xili. Paired spermathecae in v-viii; ampulla small pouch, duct medium thickness, shorter than ampulla, diverticulum chili pepper-shaped, with slender stalk, as long as ampulla; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in x, xi. Seminal vesicles in xi, xii. Prostates xviii extending to xvi-xx; both glandular portions consist of 2 lobes, duct short, muscular. Genital papillae of xviii 1.0 x 0.6 mm, with large sessile glands corresponding approximately to the externally visible oval papillae. Remarks: In Sims & Easton (1972) Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. keys to a couplet giving a choice between three and five thecal segments, corresponding to the pauxillulus group and hexathecus group respectively. Therefore Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. has a unique spermathecal battery composed of pairs in v-viii. This species also has unique genital papillae in xvii. It differs from its Mindoro congeners by lacking the hoods over the male pores, in addition to other characteristics. The proandric species from Luzon have male genitalia showing convergent evolution to Pheretima species, in having a penis-like structure within a copulatory chamber. This is an interesting parallel development of a mechanism for internal sperm transfer, compared to Pheretima. However, the chamber is intramural and associated with an enlarged prostatic duct which may serve as an ejaculatory bulb. In contrast, 740 Y. HONG & S. W. JAMES Pheretima have an extramural (coelomic) copulatory chamber and no bulb-like development of the prostatic ducts. In contrast to their apomorphic male terminalia, the species from Luzon have spermathecal pores in 7/8 and 8/9, which is a common arrangement in the Megascolecidae. The four Mindoro species have modified locations of spermathecal pores: 4/5, 4/5-5/6, 4/5-6/7 and 4/5-7/8 respectively, and ordinary prostatic ducts. Three species have an unusual male field feature, the hoods over the male pores. This has not been found in other Amynthas, though some Taiwan species have a tendency towards grow- ing a flap of tissue over the male pores (James er al., 2004). Key to the species of the genus Amynthas known from the Philippines 1 Proandie Root, isst. bod a Er Re UE IE 2. - HOlAnGrIC Sais Du. ei 3 2 Intestinallorisinsinixveree A BIS: Amynthas malinaoensis sp. n. - IntesunaKoniginuin XVIe RE EC AR ERS: Amynthas isarogensis Sp. n. 3 One pair of spermathecae in segment v....... Amynthas philippinensis sp. n. - Morethan/one pair ofspermathecae an 322) 44 Ase RE + 4 IIWOpairsiofispermathecae 21" |.) Man. ae E >) - Moreïthan two pairs ofspermathecae”- EC. LEONE 6 5) Spermathecal pores at 4/5, 5/6 ......2..2.. 2... Amynthas mindoroensis sp. n. - Spermathecalipores aty/8 88/050 PE CRE PE Er ee Amynthas robustus 6 ilihrcejpalrs'ofispermathecae... en. ..... Se CU TE U - More than three pairs of spermathecae "00 am. o SE 8 7 Spermathecal pores at 4/5, 5/6, 6/7............ Amynthas halconensis sp. n. - Spermathecalipores at 6/7, 7/8, 8/9 222 .2...2..222.. Amynthas americanorum 8 Eourpairs;of'spermathecaen tr. bird. ht sN 9 - Moreithanifourpairsiofispermathecae.... 2.2. ee RS, eee 10 9 Spermathecal pores at 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8........... Amynthas bacoensis sp. n. - Spermathecall poresiat'5/6;/6/7597/85 8/9) ss). Ze en. - Amynthas corticis 10 SpermathecaeinV-IX 2:3 Ges diet tr Ri. eee 11 - SpenmathecaciniIV/NSVIUNVINE tata er Amynthas orientalis kb 18-20}Setae between male] pores 7... ee Amynthas albobrunneus - S1DISEtae betweenimale pores HELL RO Amynthas sodalis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0072764 to the second author. We acknowledge the assistance given by various employees of the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources in arranging permission for our collecting, and in the cases of Mts. Isarog and Baco, accompanying us in the field. The Halcon Mountaineers of Calapan, Mindoro Oriental, provided valuable services in organizing our expedition on Mt. Halcon, and the National Power Corporation (NaPoCor) made arrangements for our entry into their jurisdiction on Mt. Malinao. None of this would have been easy or possible without the advance work done by Portia Nillos and Augusto Castillo, and the occasional use of office equipment provided by Poli and Josephine Castillo. NEW EARTHWORMS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 741 REFERENCES BAIRD, W. 1869. Description of a new species of earthworm (Megascolex diffringens) found in north Wales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 40-43. BEDDARD, F. E. 1912. The Oligochaeta terricolae of the Philippines. Part I. The genus Pheretima. Philippines Journal of Science, Manila 7: 179-203. CHEN, Y. 1946. On the terrestrial oligochaeta from Szechwan II. Journal of the West China Border Research Society 16: 83-141. GATES, G. E. 1936. On some earthworms from the Buitenzorg Museum. Treubia, Journal of the Zoological Museum and Laboratory 15: 379-393. GATES, G.E. 1959. On some earthworms from Taiwan. American Museum Novitates 1941: 1-19. JAMES, S. W., HONG, Y. & Km, T. H. 2004. New earthworms of Pheretima and Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Arayat, Luzon Island, Philippines. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111: 3-10. JAMES, S.W., SHIH, H. T. & CHANG, H. W. 2004. Seven new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) and new earthworm records from Taiwan. Journal of Natural History. (in press). JAMES, S. W. 2004. New species of Amynthas, Pheretima and Pleionogaster (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) of the Mt. Kitanglad Range, Mindanao, Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Singapore (in review). JosHI, R. C., MATCHOC, O. R. O., CABIGAT, J. C. & JAMES, S. W. 2000. Survey of earthworms in the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 2: 1-12. KINBERG, J. G. H. 1867. Annulata nova. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens För- handlingar, Stockholm 23: 97-103, 356-357. MICHAELSEN, W. 1896. Oligochäten Kükenthal-Ergebnisse einer zool. Forschungsreise en den Malukken und in Borneo. Abhandlungen, herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt 23:192-243. MICHAELSEN, W. 1922. Oligochäeten aus dem Rijks-Museum van Natuurlijke Historie zu Leiden. Capita Zoologia, s’ Gravenhage 1: 1-67. REYNOLDS, J.W. & Cook, D.G. 1976. Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. The University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, 217 pp. SHIN, H. T., CHANG, H. W. & CHEN, J. H. 1999. A review of the earthworms (Annelida: Oligo- chaeta) from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 38: 435-442. SIMS, R. W. & EASTON, E. G. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. The Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, London 4: 169-268. Tsal, C. F. 1964. On some earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima Kinberg from the Taipei area in North Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 17: 1-35. VAILLANT, L. 1889. Lombriciniens, Hirudiniens, Bdellomophes, Térétulariens et Planariens. Histoire Naturelle des Anneles Marins et d’Eau Douce 3: 1-766. DAT ET ul hi dou i | ued, Are ie | a Di i tion Dell, dini QUE. + -4 en ll. titi MAC ala iR | i ia da x uy oN æ REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 743-747; décembre 2004 Especes nouvelles du genre Pseudosinella provenant de Moldavie et d’Ukraine (Collembola: Entomobryidae). XVIII* contribution Maria Manuela DA GAMA! & Galina BUSMACHIU? l Instituto do Ambiente e Vida, Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal. 2 Institutul de Zoologie al Academiei de Stiinte a Moldovei, 2028 Chisinau, str. Academiei 1, Republica Moldova. New species of the genus Pseudosinella from Moldavia and Ukraine (Collembola: Entomobryidae). XVIII contribution. - The authors have studied ten edaphic species of the genus Pseudosinella, two of which are new: P. pygmaea sp. n. and P. variabilis sp. n. Morphological comparison with similar species and geographical distribution are also considered. Keywords: Collembola - Pseudosinella - new species - Moldavia - Ukraine. INTRODUCTION Cette contribution comprend l’étude de dix espèces du genre Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897, dont deux, P. pygmaea sp. n. et P. variabilis sp. n., sont décrites pour la première fois. Ces deux espèces proviennent de la Moldavie, ainsi que P. albida (Stach, 1930) s. Stomp, 1971 qui n’était pas encore connue de ce pays, d’où une cen- taine d’espèces de Collemboles a été identifiée (Busmachiu et al., 2000), parmi les- quelles 13 espèces de Pseudosinella (Gama & Busmachiu, 2002). De l’ Ukraine, P. horaki Rusek, 1985 et P. moldavica Gama & Busmachiu, 2002 sont citées ici pour la première fois. Dans ce pays à peu près 360 espèces de Collemboles ont été signalées, parmi lesquelles une dizaine d’espèces de Pseudosinella (Kaprus, 1998 et communication personnelle). On a encore identifié dans ces matériaux P. alba (Packard, 1873), P. impari- punctata Gisin, 1953 et P. octopunctata Börner, 1901 qui, avec P. pygmaea sp. n. et P. albida, sont des représentants de la lignée généalogique dont l’ancêtre doit être Lepidocyrtus pallidus Reuter, 1890 emend. Gisin, 1965: p présent sur l’abdomen II, r de la base du labium rudimentaire. Les autres espèces étudiées, P. variabilis sp. n., P. moldavica, P. simpatica Gama & Busmachiu, 2002, P. codri Gama & Busmachiu, 2002 et P. horaki, doivent appartenir à la lignée généalogique dont l’espèce - mère est une espèce de Lepidocyrtus qui n’est pas encore décrite: p présent sur l’abdomen II, R de la base du labium cilié (Gama, 1984). Manuscrit accepté le 05.04.2004 744 M. M. DA GAMA & G. BUSMACHIU Les types des espèces nouvelles sont déposés au Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève (MHNG), au Musée de Zoologie de l’Université de Coimbra (MC), au Museum d’Entomologie de Chisinau (MEC) et au «State Museum of Natural History» de Lviv (MNHL). MATÉRIAUX La plupart des matériaux étudiés dans cet article ont été récoltés principalement en forêt mixte, dans des plantations de Robinia pseudoacacia et dans la région de step- pe au sud de la République de la Moldavie. Les spécimens récoltés en Ukraine par M. I. Kaprus en forêt mixte, forêt d’Acerum, plantations de Robinia pseudoacacia et step- pe réserve ont été aussi étudiés. SYSTÉMATIQUE 1. Pseudosinella pygmaea sp. n. Figs 1-4 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, holotype et 2 paratypes (prép.), 08.2003 (MHNG); 2 paratypes (prép.), 08.2003 (MC); 3 paratypes (prép.), 08.2003 (MEC). Description. Taille: 0,44-0,48 mm (n = 8). Habitus normal du genre. Le pigment bleu foncé est disséminé sur tout le corps, les antennes et les portions proximales des pattes et se concentre dans les 5 + 5 yeux de taille identique. Rapport entre la longueur des antennes et la diagonale céphalique = 1,3. Articles antennaires sans écailles. Macrochètes dorsaux: R111/30/0100+2 (Fig.1). Soie accessoire “s” de l’abd. IV absente. Sur l’abd. IV le pseudopore se situe entre les deux macrochètes. Chétotaxie de l’abd. II: p aB q, gp (Fig. 2). Base du labium: Mr E L; L;> (Fig. 3), r est rudimentaire et les autres soies sont ciliées. La dent impaire de la griffe (Fig.4) est située à environ 68% de sa crête interne et les deux dents proximales ont à peu près la même taille. Empodium lancéolé. Ergot tibiotarsal spatulé. Les dents apicale et anteapicale du mucron sont subégales. Discussion. P. pygmaea semble se rapprocher de P. albida par le nombre des yeux, la structure de la griffe, par le rapport entre la longueur des antennes et la dia- gonale céphalique et encore par la chétotaxie de la tête, de l’abdomen II, de la base du labium et par l’absence de la soie accessoire “s” sur l’abdomen IV. Néanmoins, l’espèce nouvelle a 3 macrochètes sur le thorax II (contre 1 macrochète chez P. albida) et la formule des macrochètes 0 + 2 sur l’abdomen IV (contre 1 + 2 chez P albida). Cette formule 0 + 2 existe également chez P. fjellbergi Gama, 1974, P. cana- riensis Gama, 1974, P. trioculata Gama, 1988, P. insularum Dallai, 1969 et P. infre- quens Gisin & Gama, 1969. Chez ces cinq espèces, qui se distinguent entre elles uniquement par le nombre des yeux (fig. 2 in Gama, 1988: 82) et qui s’écartent de P. pygmaea Spécialement par la chétotaxie de la tête et du thorax II, le pseudopore sur l’abdomen IV est placé avant le premier macrochète (fig. 2 in Gisin & Gama, 1969: 146), tandis que chez l’espèce nouvelle le pseudopore se situe entre le premier et le deuxième macrochète. 2. Pseudosinella variabilis sp. n. Figs 5-6 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, holotype et 2 paratypes (prép.), 08.2003 (MHNG); 2 paratypes (prép.), 08.2003 (MC); 1 paratype (prép.), 08.2003 (MEC). PSEUDOSINELLA XVII 745 Description. Taille: 0,71-0,82 mm (n = 6). Habitus normal du genre. Le pigment bleu foncé est diffus sur la tête, le thorax, l’abdomen ainsi que sur les coxae et l’en- semble des articles antennaires et se concentre dans les 5 + 5 yeux de taille identique. Rapport entre la longueur des antennes et la diagonale céphalique = 1,3. Articles an- tennaires sans écailles. Macrochètes dorsaux: R011/10/0101+2. Soie accessoire “s” de l’abd. IV absente. Chétotaxie de l’abd. II: pa B q, qo. Base du labium: M REL, L, (Fig. 5). R est cilié, parfois asymétriquement, dans la plupart des exemplaires exami- nés ou absent. Les autres soies sont ciliées. La dent impaire de la griffe (Fig.6) est située à environ 60% de sa crête interne et les deux dents proximales ont à peu près la même taille. Empodium lancéolé. Ergot tibiotarsal spatulé. Les dents apicale et ante- apicale du mucron sont subégales. Discussion. Il est difficile d’établir des rapports généalogiques entre cette espèce nouvelle et d’autres espèces, probablement dérivées de Lepidocyrtus sp., car elle présente une chétotaxie de la base du labium méconnue jusqu’à présent: R cilié associé à un seul M (M RE L, L;). Chez toutes les espèces connues de cette lignée R de la base du labium est combiné avec M et Mp. 3. Pseudosinella alba (Packard, 1873) Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Chisinau, jardin botanique, 2 exemplaires (prép.), 03.1994 (MEC). UKRAINE: Gurzuf, 1 exemplaire (prép.), 09.1997 (MNHL); Kamenets- Podoliskii, 11 exemplaires (prép.), 06.1995 (MNHL); Ostapie, forêt mixte, 4 exemplaires (prép.), 05.1994 (MNHL). Répartition géographique. Espèce cosmopolite. 4. Pseudosinella albida (Stach, 1930) sensu Stomp, 1971 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, 6 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Lozova, forêt de Fagus, 4 exemplaires (prép.), 10.1997 (MEC). Taxonomie. Cette espèce possède 5 + 5 yeux et les caractères chétotaxiques sui- vants: Macrochètes dorsaux: R111/10/0101+2. Chétotaxie de l’abd. II: p a B q; q. Base du labium: M r EL, L;. Dans tous les exemplaires la soie accessoire “s” est absente. Répartition géographique. Cette espèce était connue seulement de trois pays méditerranéens (Espagne, Grèce, Italie) et maintenant elle a été trouvée dans la Moldavie. 5. Pseudosinella imparipunctata Gisin, 1953 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Crocmaz, verger de pommiers, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Cruglic, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 3 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Durlesti forêt mixte, 5 exemplaires (prép.), 07.1993, 06.1995, 05.1995 (MEC); Soroca, forêt mixte, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Tabara, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 07.2003 (MEC). Répartition géographique. Espèce européenne. 6. Pseudosinella octopunctata Börner, 1901 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Budjac, steppe réserve, 12 exemplaires (alcool), 08.2003 (MEC); Chisinau, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); 746 M. M. DA GAMA & G. BUSMACHIU Fics 1-6 1-4. Pseudosinella pygmaea sp. n. 1. Répartition des macrochètes, des trichobothries et des pseudopores dorsaux. 2. Chétotaxie dorsale de l’abd. II, côté gauche. 3. Chétotaxie de la base du labium, côté gauche. 4. Griffe III, face antérieure. 5-6. Pseudosinella variabilis sp. n. 5. Chéto- taxie de la base du labium, côté droit. 6. Griffe III, face antérieure. Cruglic, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, | exemplaire (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Malovata, forêt mixte, 3 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Visinevca, plantation de Robinia pseudo- acacia, 8 exemplaires (alcool), 08.2003 (MEC). UKRAINE: Vrublivca, steppe réserve, 2 exem- plaires (prép.), 06.1995, 05.1998 (MNHL). Répartition géographique. Espèce cosmopolite. 7. Pseudosinella horaki Rusek. 1985 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Cimislia, forêt mixte, 1 exemplaire (alcool), 08.2003 (MEC); Lozova, réserve forestière, 11 exemplaires (alcool), 08.2003 (MEC). UKRAINE: Vrublivca, forêt d’Acerum, 4 exemplaires (prép.), 06.1994 (MNHL); Ugolica, 8 exemplaires (prép.), 07.1991 (MNHL). PSEUDOSINELLA XVII 747 Repartition géographique. Hongrie, Moldavie, Pologne, République Slovaque, République Tchèque et Ukraine. 8. Pseudosinella moldavica Gama & Busmachiu, 2002 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, 3 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Causani, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 3 exemplaires (alcool), 07.2003 (MEC); Cruglic, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 3 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Sipoteni, plantation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 4 exemplaires (alcool), 06.2003 (MEC); Tigheci, forêt mixte, 5 exemplaires (prép.), 07.1993, 06.1995, 05.1995 (MEC). UKRAINE: Vrublivca, plan- tation de Robinia pseudoacacia, 6 exemplaires (prép.), 06.1995 (MNHL); forêt d’Acerum, 9 exemplaires (prép.), 06.1994 (MNHL); steppe réserve, 3 exemplaires (prép.), 05.1998 (MNHL). Répartition géographique. Moldavie et Ukraine. 9. Pseudosinella simpatica Gama & Busmachiu, 2002 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Durlesti, forêt mixte, 5 exemplaires (prép.), 10.1995 (MEC). Repartition geographique. Moldavie. 10. Pseudosinella codri Gama & Busmachiu, 2002 Matériel étudié. MOLDAVIE: Bahmut, forêt mixte, 5 exemplaires (prép.), 04.2001 (MEC). Répartition géographique. Moldavie. REMERCIEMENTS Cette étude s’insère dans un projet financé par «NATO Science Fellowship» du Portugal, au moyen d’une bourse attribuée au deuxième auteur, qui manifeste sa pro- fonde reconnaissance à cette Institution. Ce projet comprend encore l’étude d’autres genres de Collemboles dont les résultats seront publiés plus tard. Nous voudrions remercier notre collègue I. Kaprus pour nous avoir soumis le matériel qu’il a récolté en Ukraine. BIBLIOGRAPHIE BUSMACHIU, G., POIRAS, L. & TCACIUC, M. 2000. Soil Invertebrates (Nematoda, Acari: Oribatei, Collembola) of Codri Forest Reserve. Contributions from the biological Laboratory Kyoto University 29: 49-64. GAMA, M. M. DA 1984. Phylogénie des espèces européennes de Pseudosinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Annales de la Societe royale zoologique de Belgique 114: 59-70. GAMA, M. M. DA 1988. Col&mbolos das Canärias (Insectos, Apterigotas). Actas III Congreso Iberico de Entomologia: 73-89. GAMA, M. M. DA & BUSMACHIU, G. 2002. Systématique évolutive des Pseudosinella. XVI. Espèces édaphiques de la Moldavie (Insecta: Collembola). Revue suisse de Zoologie 109: 679-685. Gisin, H. & GAMA, M. M. DA 1969. Espèces nouvelles de Pseudosinella cavernicoles (Insecta: Collembola). Revue suisse de Zoologie 76: 143-181. KAPRUS, I. J. 1998. The fauna of springtails (Collembola) from selected habitats in Roztocze. Fragmenta faunistica 41: 15-28. A TOUT ARTE VS 1) u its de A UD: da misi) Dotta à ab REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 749-784; décembre 2004 Two new genera of Zodariidae (Araneae) from Southeast Asia Pakawin DANKITTIPAKUL! & Rudy JOCQUE2 ! Terrestrial Arthropod Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Present address: The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. E-mail: pdan021 @ec.auckland.ac.nz 2 Section of Invertebrates, Musée Royal de Il’ Afrique Centrale, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. E-mail: jocque@africamuseum.be Two new genera of Zodariidae (Araneae) from Southeast Asia. - Two new genera of Zodariidae, belonging to the Zodariinae and strongly related to Mallinella Strand, are reported from evergreen forests in Thailand and Malaysia. Euryeidon gen. n. is represented by six species, all of which are new: E. monticola sp. n. (the type species; d 9), E. musicum sp. n. (4 2), E. anthonyi sp. n. (3 9), E. sonthichaiae sp. n. (3), E. consideratum sp. n. (2) and E. schwendingeri sp. n. (2). The genus is characterized by its strongly reticulate carapace and widely spaced eyes. Heradion gen. n. is represented by five new species, all known from both sexes, which can be clustered in two species groups on the base of somatic characters. The first group, found in Thailand, consists of Heradion naiadis sp. n. (the type species) and H. peteri sp. n. The second group is restricted to Malaysia and consists of three smaller, long-legged species: H. pernix sp. n., H. damrongi sp. n. and A. luctator sp. n. Heradion is characterized by: carapace smooth, domed; chilum drawn out into a point, pointing forward; sternum with anterior concavity accommodating labium; sclerotized field in front of the spinnerets with rows of hairs; femora inflated dorsally near proximal dorsal spine; coxae I and IV elongated. Keys to the genera of Zodariinae in Southeast Asia and to the species of Euryeidon and Heradion are provided. Keywords: Euryeidon - Heradion - new genera - new species - taxonomy - zoogeography - Thailand - Malaysia. INTRODUCTION Zodariidae Thorell is a medium-sized family represented by 60 genera and 608 species (Platnick, 2004), which has its main distribution centers in Africa and Australia. Nonetheless, there are significant taxonomic inventory data gaps in our knowledge of the Zodariidae in Southeast Asia as a whole. This region appears to be Very poor in zodariids as compared to the tropical areas in Africa and Australia, and only four genera have been listed (Jocqué, 1991; Murphy & Murphy, 2000): Asceua Manuscript accepted 23.03.2004 750 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Thorell, Mallinella Strand, Storenomorpha Simon and Zodarion Walckenaer, with the latter represented by a doubtful record from the Philippines. This information obviously represents only a small proportion of zodariid genera likely to occur in the region. The data for Thailand and Malaysia in particular are even more scant. Only one species, Storenomorpha reinholdae Jocqué & Bosmans, has been recorded from Thailand (Jocqué & Bosmans, 1989) and two species of Storena Walckenaer, S. cinc- tipes Simon 1893 and S. obnubila Simon 1901, were reported from Malaysia (Platnick, 2004). The latter two do certainly not belong in Storena, which is a purely Australian genus (Jocqué & Baehr, 1992), and they will probably turn out to belong either to Asceua or Mallinella. Both new genera described here are represented by species with clear preference for humid tropical forests, as it is also the case in Mallinella species to which they appear to be closely related. These findings once more indicate that the forest floor fauna of Southeast Asia is still very superficially known and recent field work in the area (unpublished data) has yielded more undescribed supraspecific taxa. MATERIAL AND METHODS All specimens were collected in the leaf litter layer of evergreen tropical forests. The illustrations were made with an Olympus SZX-9 stereomicroscope equipped with a drawing tube. Measurements of leg segments were taken from the dorsal side. Epigynes were drawn in natural and cleared state (immersing in lactic acid for 10-20 minutes). Male palps were drawn in lateral and ventral view. Structures examined with the scanning electron microscope (JEOL LV-5400) were critical point dried, stud-mounted and sputter coated for observation and photography. Characters given in the generic diagnoses are for the most part not repeated in the species descriptions. All measurements are in millimetres. The material examined is deposited in the collections of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève (MHNG) and the Entomology Department of the Koninklijk Belgish Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen (KBIN), except for the specimens marked with PDC (Pakawin Dankittipakul Collection, Auckland, New Zealand), which will later be deposited in the MHNG. Abbreviations used in the text and in the figures: ALE, anterior lateral eyes; ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; AME, anterior median eyes; CP: central plate of epigyne; DA: distal tegular apophysis; DTA: dorsolateral tibial apophysis; LE, lateral eyes; MA: median apophysis; MAP, major ampulatte spigots; ME, median eyes; MOQ, median ocular quadrangle; PA: patellar apophysis; PE, prolateral extension of cym- bium; PER, posterior eyes row; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; RTA: retrolateral tibial apophysis. Spination: d, dorsal; disp, dispersed, not in obvious rows; pl, prolateral; rl, retrolateral; v, ventral. Arrangement refers to number of spines from proximal to distal part. TAXONOMY KEY TO THE GENERA OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN ZODARIINAE 1 Small spiders (<4.5 mm) without ventral abdominal spines in front of spinnerets; cymbium of male palp laterally compressed, with large retro- lateral fold; epigynal ducts long and strongly tortuous....... Asceua Thorell TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 751 - Usually larger spiders, with one or more transverse rows of ventral ab- dominal spines in front of spinnerets; cymbium without large retro- lateral told. gratta AIG IR. 2 2 Single row of spines in front of spinnerets .............. Mallinella Strand - More than one row of spines in front of spinnerets ..................... 3 3 Cephalothorax strongly reticulate; LE far from ME; anterior margin of STELNUMSSTEAICH EIN ME Er IE E Euryeidon gen. n. - Cephalothorax smooth, LE close to ME; anterior margin of sternum with Concavityjaccommodatinglabiume N are rer re Heradion gen. n. Euryeidon gen. n. Type species. Euryeidon monticola sp. n. Diagnosis. Euryeidon species are characterized by a strongly domed and coarsely granular carapace (Fig. 1), by a wide eye field in which the LE are situated far apart from the ME (Fig. 20), and by the presence of a ventral abdominal plate in front of the spinnerets (Fig. 2) which carries a field of short spines decreasing in length towards the front (Fig. 3). The palp (Figs 7, 8) is characterized by a cymbium with a prolateral extension (Fig. 13, PE), the embolic base is clearly separated from the tegulum (as in the palp of Forsterella Jocqué) and the median apophysis is very simple. Females have a simple epigyne with a median plate of variable shape (Figs 15, 26, 33, 41), and long, coiled, strongly sclerotized spermathecae connected by a transverse band (Figs 16, 17). Etymology. Euryeidon is a combination of £vpug (Greek prefix: wide) and eI8ov (Greek: to look), and refers to the position of the median and lateral eyes which are situated far apart from each other. The gender is neuter. Description. Medium-sized (5-9 mm) spiders. Carapace (Figs 18, 19) length- ways oval, in profile strongly domed with its highest point just in front of fovea (Fig. 1), more strongly raised in larger specimens. Cervical groove absent. Tegument densely granular (Fig. 1), provided with a marked but shallow median groove running from between PME to the short, longitudinal fovea. Coloration: carapace usually reddish brown to dark chestnut-brown, in some species orange or pale brown. Chelicerae brown. Sternum orange-brown. Legs pale yellow to brown; femora usually dark brown, remaining leg articles mostly paler than femora. Abdomen (Figs 18, 19) dark sepia with a typical pattern of pale spots and stripes, rarely pale or without dorsal pattern (Fig. 37). Eight eyes arranged in two rows, both rows strongly procurved (Fig. 20). All eyes subequal in size, circular, pale except for dark AME. AME less than their diameter apart, separated from ALE by almost twice their diameter. PME more than their diameter apart, about 3 times that distance away from PLE. MOQ slightly longer than wide and usually wider behind than in front. Clypeus rather high, 3 to 6 times the diameter of ALE, bulging, covered with setae. Chilum a single sclerite, drawn out into a point, projecting forward (Fig. 20). Chelicerae (Fig. 20) tapering, sparsely hirsute but with a distinct distomesal group of hairs; condyle well-developed; promargin with 2 small teeth; fangs short and thick. Maxillae (Fig. 21) with anteromesal fringe of hairs. Labium triangular, with constric- 752 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE ted base. Sternum roughly triangular, elevated; margins with short extensions fitting into coxal concavities, posterior part of the sternum protruding between coxae IV (Fig. 21). Small pleurites present. Leg formula 4123. Spination: few spines on legs I and II, more on legs III and IV. Femora with 1-3 dorsal spines, inflated near proximal dorsal spine. Stridulating ridges present on femora I (Fig. 5), absent on other legs (Fig. 6). Patellae with single, short prolateral spine on posterior legs. Anterior legs with few spines on tibiae and metatarsi, posterior legs with numerous spines. Ventral tuft of metatarsal preening brush with modified chisel-shaped hairs (Fig. 10). Tarsal organ capsulate (Fig. 11). Bothria simple, with a long crescent-shaped ridge (Fig. 12). No claw tufts and no hinged hairs present. Abdomen oval, covered with numerous fine hairs; prolateral sigilla strongly developed; pedicel sclerotized (Fig. 18). Males with a pale brown dorsal scutum. Six spinnerets (Figs 2, 4); anterior pair long, conical, biarticulate; posterior and median pairs much smaller and shorter. Ventral abdominal plate (Figs 2, 3) slightly sclerotized, situated in front of spinnerets. Colulus represented by few hairs. Male palp: tibia (Fig. 14) usually with dark retrolateral apophyses; sometimes with additional dorsolateral apophysis. Cymbium provided with long prolateral extension (Fig. 13, PE); few spines on apex; dorsolateral surface of cymbium clothed with thick patch of chemoreceptive hairs (Figs 8, 9); cymbial fold situated proximally on retrolateral side. Subtegulum well-developed. Tegulum with two apophyses: terminal or distal apophysis blunt, projecting outward; median apophysis simple, rising from membranous base. Posterior part of bulbus covered by embolic base, the latter clearly separated from rest of tegulum. Embolus variable in shape, from broad and massive to slender and whip-like, originating from posterior part of embolic base, forming half a loop. Epigyne simple, provided with a median plate of variable shape (Figs 15, 26, 33, 41); copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized, long and coiled, leading to widely separated posterior spermathecae interconnected by wide, sometimes sclerotized band (Figs 16, 29, 34, 40, 42). Species included. Euryeidon anthonyi sp. n., E. consideratum sp. n., E. monti- cola sp. n., E. musicum sp. n., E. schwendingeri sp. n. and E. sonthichaiae sp. n. Distribution. Evergreen hill forests of northern Thailand. Key to the species of Euryeidon gen. n. 1 Crome ae. IU YEA Was Poe ale ee A Eee 2 = Vai MAT ane ins a Bahr eo RR e: 5 2 Palpal patella with dorsal apophysis; RTA short, pointed, triangular in lateraliviews (Fie: 3): agi 29 of et el EB E. anthonyi - Palpal patella without dorsal apophysis; RTA bifid or elongate............ 3 3 Palpal tibia with dorsal apophysis; RTA long and tapered (Fig. 14) een mac ee E. monticola - Palpal tibia without dorsal apophysis; RTA bifid ...................... 4 4 Dorsal prong of RTA much longer than ventral one (Fig. 36) . . E. sonthichaiae TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 753 - Prongs of RTA of similar length or dorsal one slightly shorter than ven- trakonex(Hi93293) ma ee ee ne E. musicum 5 Abdomen with a pair of pale patches following by rows of transverse bands (ol) Se a N a Nr 6 - Abdomen with three pairs of pale spots following by rows of transverse bands (igen Gruen 2 U PER LE i nin E. consideratum 6 Epioyne plate almostitwice as ons las Wide ERRE ee 7 - Epigyne plate not more than 1.5 times longer than wide ................. 8 7 Epigyne plate tapered with posterior margin rounded (Fig. 15) . . E. monticola - Epigyne plate roughly triangular, posterior margin with short central EXTENSION (EASE SS) ee ee. RT ee eh ee E. anthonyi 8 Epigyne plate as long as wide, slightly broader in front than behind CON) cept see eae Nes > LE ee Oe ne E. schwendingeri - Epigyne slightly longer than wide, posterior end rounded (Fig. 26) ee HR a ME Dit D E. musicum Euryeidon monticola sp. n. Figs 1-21 Type material. HOLOTYPE: dg, THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chomthong District, Doi Inthanon National Park. Doi Inthanon, 1000 m, pitfall trap, 25.1.-26.11.2000, leg. S. Sonthichai & P. Dankittipakul (MHNG). PARATYPES: THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Doi Suthep, 1400 m: 1°, leaf litter sample, 13.11.1986, KBIN, leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Doi Suthep, 1180 m: 1%, pitfall trap, 2.1.-1.11.1987 (MHNG); 24, pitfall trap, 4.XI1.1986-2.1.1987 (MHNG); 26, pitfall trap, 2.VII.-2.VHI.1987 (MHNG); 14, pitfall trap, 18.III.-22.1V.1986 (MHNG); 14, 19.11.-18.11.1986 (MHNG); 14, pitfall trap, 18.1.-19.11.1986 (MHNG); 1 à, pit- fall trap, 30.1IL.-28.1V.1987 (MHNG); 1 à, pitfall trap, 3.XI.-4.XII.1986 (MHNG); 16, pitfall trap, 28.IV.-30.V.1987 (MHNG); 1 à, pitfall trap, 1.111.-30.111.1987 (MHNG); 26, pitfall trap, 30.X1.-14.XII.1996 (KBIN); 1d, pitfall trap, 14.X11.1996-10.1.1997 (KBIN); 14, 3.XIL.1987- 3.1.1988 (KBIN). All latter specimens leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Doi Suthep, 1150 m: 56, pitfall trap, 10.1.-11.11.1997 (KBIN), leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Doi Suthep, 960 m: 1 à, pitfall trap, 2.1.- 5.11.1987 (PDC ZD0015); 16, pitfall trap, 5.III.-4.1V.1987 (PDC ZD0016). All leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Doi Chiang Dao, Huay Mae Kok, 1500 m: 19, leaf litter sample, 27.1.1996, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (PDC ZD0017). Doi Inthanon, 1000 m: 66, 12, same data as for holotype (PDC ZD0018-0023); 2d, pitfall trap, 25.XII.1999- 25.1.2000 (PDC ZD0024-0025); 1d, leaf litter sample, 15.11.2000 (PDC ZD0026). All latter specimens leg. S. Sonthichai & P. Dankittipakul. Other material. Doi Suthep, 1180 m, 12, 2.1.-1.111.1987, leg. P. Dankittipakul (PDC ZDO0-ex-1). Diagnosis. Males of E. monticola sp. n. can be recognized by the broad and massive embolus with swollen embolic tip (Figs 7, 13), the large dorsolateral tibial apophysis with sharp and pointed apex (Fig. 14). Females can be distinguished by the relatively long, tongue-shaped central plate (Fig. 15) of epigyne. Euryeidon monticola is the largest of the species so far included in the genus. Etymology. Latin, monticola is a noun in apposition for mountain dweller and refers to the habitat in which the spiders were found. Description. & (holotype). Total length 6.67. Carapace 3.31 long, 2.36 wide. Abdomen 3.36 long, 2.38 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace coarsely granular. Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown, short pubescent on cephalic part, none on thoracic part. Sternum 154 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Fics 1-6 Euryeidon monticola gen. n., sp. n. Carapace, lateral view (1). Ventral abdominal plate in front of spinnerets (2). Ditto, detail (3). ALS (4). Stridulating ridges on dorsal side of femur I (5). Dorsolateral side of femur II without stridulating ridge (6). reddish brown. Legs segments brown except for orange-brown coxae. Abdomen dark sepia, almost black, covered with fine white hairs; dorsum (Fig. 18) with two pairs of pale round spots, followed by a series of chevrons; venter sepia, with 2 pale spots, rel- atively large; sides with 3 oblique bands. Dorsal scutum brown. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.33, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.51, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.46 long, front width 0.46, back width 0.43. Clypeus 0.51 high. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 755 Fics 7-12 Euryeidon monticola gen. n., sp. n. Male palp, ventral view (7). Ditto, prolateral view (8). Chemoreceptive hairs (9). Modified hairs of preening bush (10). Tarsal organ (11) on leg 1. Trichobothrium (12) on tarsus IV. Dorsal scutum covering half of abdomen length. Leg measurements: I Il Il IV Femur 1.94 173 19975 DDA Patella 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.84 Tibia 1.68 1.42 121 1.68 756 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ Metatarsus 1.47 1.42 aby 2.10 Tarsus 1.31 1.10 0.89 1.31 Total TA 6.47 6.10 8.15 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d3 IV d3; patellae II pl3 IV pl3; tibiae I v2-2- 2 II v2-1-2 HI d3 pl2 rl3 v2-2-2 IV d3 pl3 rl2 v2-2-2; metatarsi I v1-2 I v1-2 II pli rll v1-2 IV pl3 rll vi-1. Male palp (Figs 7, 8, 13, 14): palpal tibia with strong retrolateral swelling and two tibial apophyses: dark retrolateral one with slightly indented tip; dorsolateral one stout, sharp, strongly tapered. Cymbium rather broad, longer than wide, dorsally con- vex; dorsolateral area provided with thick patch of chemoreceptive hairs; cymbial fold broad, moderately high. Tegulum with blunt anterior tegular apophysis originating from distal part, truncated in lateral view; large, simple, J-shaped median apophysis situated on membranous base. Subtegulum well-developed, clearly visible in prolateral view. Embolus broad and massive, ending in a swollen, partly membranous tip. 2 (paratype). Total length 7.88. Carapace 3.57 long, 2.36 wide. Abdomen 4.31 long, 3.42 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace less granular than in males, covered with short fine setae running from clypeal rim toward PER. Carapace and chelicerae orange- brown. Sternum orange. Legs yellow except for slightly darker femora. Abdomen (Fig. 19) dark sepia, mottled with small, round pale spots; dorsum with two large pale patch- es followed by a series of pale chevrons; venter as in males. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.17, PME 0.12, PLE 0.17; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.56, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.76, ALE-PLE 0.10; MOQ 0.23 long, front width 0.38, back width 0.41. Clypeus 0.64 high. Leg measurements: I II II IV Femur 1.84 11578) 1978 DAS Patella 0.89 0.84 0.84 0.89 Tibia 1-57 1.31 (21 173 Metatarsus 31 31 152 2.10 Tarsus feo) 15 1.05 1.36 Total 6.94 6.36 6.36 8.26 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d2 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pli: tibiae I v2-2- 2 II v2-2-2 II d3 pl2 rl3 v2-2-2 IV d3 pl2 rl3 v2-2-2; metatarsi I v2-2-2 II v2-2-2 II d7 disp. v4 disp. IV d7 disp. v3 disp. Epigyne (Fig. 15): central plate tongue-shaped (Fig. 15) Copulatory ducts broad, leading to large, elongate, coiled spermathecae (Figs 16, 17). Tongue-shaped central plate broken and only its proximal part remaining in most females examined. Variation. The color of the carapace varies from dark brown, dark chestnut- brown, reddish brown to orange; the color of the abdomen ranges from black, dark sepia to pale brown; the color of legs ranges from brown, yellowish brown to yellow. The tip of the dorsolateral tibial apophysis varies from blunt to sharp, pointing upward or slightly curved downward. The connection between left and right spermathecae is of variable consistence, from membranous to strongly sclerotized. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 757 RTA DTA 14 Fics 13-17 Euryeidon monticola gen. n., sp. n., & holotype (13, 14) and @ paratype (15-17). Male palp, ventral (13) and lateral (14) view. Epigyne, ventral view (15). Internal structure of epigyne, normal (16) and cleared (17) state. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (13, 14); 1.0 mm (15-17). Distribution and habitat. Euryeidon monticola sp. n. inhabits damp evergreen hill forests at altitudes between 960 and 1610 m in the Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Doi Inthanon National Park and Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, all in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Several spiders were found walking on the forest floor. Euryeidon musicum sp. n. Figs 22-29 Type material. HOLOTYPE: 4, THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Pha Tang, evergreen riverine forest, 510 m, pitfall trap, 23.XI.-22.X1II.1990, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG). PARATYPES: THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District: 22, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Research Station, 510 m, leaf litter sample, 12-15.VII.2002, leg. S. Sonthichai & P. Dankittipakul (MHNG); 19, Tham Klaeb, evergreen riverine forest near cave entrance, 570 m, 14.X11.2002, leg. P. J. Schwendinger & P. Dankittipakul (KBIN). Fang District: 19, evergreen forest at 750 m, road to Doi Ang Khang, 30.IX.1987, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG); 24 , data as for holotype (MHNG); 14, 19, data as for holotype, 22.IX.-25.X.1990 (KBIN). 758 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Fics 18-21 Euryeidon monticola gen. n., sp. n., d holotype (18, 20, 21) and 2 paratype (19). Body of male, dorsal view (18). Body of female, dorsal view (19). Carapace of male, frontal view (20). Sternum, labium and maxillae (21). Scale lines: 1.0 mm (18-21). Diagnosis. Males of E. musicum sp. n. can be recognized by the bifid retro- lateral tibial apophysis (Figs 23, 24), by the absence of a dorsolateral tibial apophysis, by the triangular shape of the cymbium and by the slightly upturned embolic tip (Fig. 22). Females have a typical more or less quadrangular central plate on the epigyne (Fig. 26). Etymology. Latin, musicus means ‘musical’ and refers to the stridulating organ of this species which is rare in Zodariidae; a femoral stridulating organ was unknown in spiders until recently (Jocqué, in press). Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 5.36. Carapace 2.84 long, 1.84 wide. Abdomen 2.52 long, 1.84 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace coarsely granular, covered with short fine hairs in cephalic area. Carapace and chelicerae brown. Sternum orange-brown. Legs TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 759 Fics 22-29 Euryeidon musicum gen. n., sp. n., 3 holotype (22, 23), 8 paratype (24, 25) and 9 paratype (26-29). Male palp, ventral (22, 25) and lateral (23) view. Palpal tibia (24). Epigyne, ventral view (26, 28). Internal structure of epigyne (27, 29). Scale lines: 1.0 mm. yellowish brown. Abdomen dark sepia, with yellowish brown dorsal scutum over- laying a pair of small, pale patches, followed by a series of chevrons; venter with 2 white patches. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.25, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.43, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.43 long, front width 0.44, back width 0.35. Clypeus 0.35 high. 760 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.58 1.48 1.44 1.79 Patella 0.68 072 0.65 0.68 Tibia 122337 1.06 0.89 537 Metatarsus 1.10 1.03 1.24 1.79 Tarsus 1.03 0.96 0/75 1.10 Total 5.79 3.27 5.00 6.75 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d2 IV d3; patellae III pll IV pli; tibiae I v2-1- 1-2 II v2-2-1 IN d2-1-1 pl2 rl2 v2-2-2 IV d1-1-1 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-2; metatarsi II v2-2 III d2-1 pl2 rl2 v1-2 IV d2-1-1-1 v2-2. Male palp (Figs 22-25): palpal tibia with bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis, lower tip with medially concave ventral side and smaller than superior triangular tip (Figs 23-25). Cymbium triangular, provided with dorsolateral patch of chemoreceptive hairs; basolateral fold relatively broad. Tegulum with distal tegular apophysis truncate, pointing laterad; median apophysis simple, with indented border (Fig. 22). Subtegulum clearly visible in prolateral view. Embolus slender, describing half a loop; embolic tip curved upward ending near distal tegular apophysis without touching it. ? (paratype). Total length 8.36. Carapace 3.89 long, 2.52 wide. Abdomen 4.47 long, 3.36 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace lightly granular, covered with short fine setae. Carapace and chelicerae yellowish brown. Sternum pale brown. Legs pale green. Abdomen sepia; dorsum with pair of pale patches followed by series of pale chevrons. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.17, PME 0.12, PLE 0.16; AME- AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.48, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.64, ALE-PLE 0.10; MOQ 0.51 long, front width 0.41, back width 0.43. Clypeus 0.58 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.96 1.89 1.86 2.34 Patella 0.89 0.93 0.93 0.93 Tibia 1.69 V3 1.24 1.79 Metatarsus 1.44 137 ISS 231 Tarsus 157 1.31 1.06 sil Total WEST 6.82 6.65 8.89 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d2 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v2-1- 1-2 II v2-1-1-2 II d2-1-1-1 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-2 IV d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-1-2; metatarsi I v3- 1-1-1 I v3-1-1-2 HI d2 v1 IV d2 pl2 v3-2-1. Epigyne (Figs 26, 28): central plate quadrangular. Internal structure as in Figs 27 and 29. Remarks. In most female paratypes the tongue-shaped central plate is broken off and only its proximal part remains (Fig. 28). A living female specimen collected by Schwendinger & Dankittipakul had a dark sepia carapace, a blackish sepia abdomen and dark greenish legs (possibly newly moulted). After preservation in alcohol the TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 761 coloration changed: the abdomen became sepia, the femora and tibiae remained greenish, with pale, almost white apical parts, metatarsi became pale and tarsi brown. Variation. Median apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palps vary slightly in shape (Figs 22 vs. 25; Figs 23 vs. 24). The internal structure of the epigyne also varies to some extent (Figs 27, 29). Distribution and habitat. Fang and Chiang Dao Districts, Chiang Mai Province. Euryeidon musicum sp. n. is a lowland species which occurs in mixed deciduous dipte- rocarp forests and evergreen riverine forest between 500-750 m elevation. Euryeidon anthonyi sp. n. Figs 30-34 Type material. HOLOTYPE: 4, THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Pha Tang, near a stream in evergreen riverine forests, 510 m, pitfall trap, 22.IX.-25.X.1990, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG). PARATYPES: ®, same data as for holotype (MHNG). Diagnosis. Euryeidon anthonyi sp. n. clearly differs from other members of Euryeidon in having a smooth carapace; abdomen without dorsal pattern; legs long and slender; abdomen of male covered with a small, lightly sclerotized dorsal area instead of a large, strongly sclerotized dorsal scutum; male palpal patellae possessing a pointed dorsal apophysis (Figs 31, 32); spermathecae clearly defined, long and coiled; ventral abdominal plate in front of spinnerets lightly sclerotized but clearly visible. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym dedicated to Anthony Osa, Auckland, New Zealand. Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 5.57. Carapace 3.0 long, 2.05 wide. Abdomen 2.57 long, 1.94 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace smooth and shiny, hairless. Carapace and chelicerae orange. Sternum orange-brown. Legs pale yellow apart from darker coxae and proximal portion of femora. Abdomen pale sepia, dotted with numerous brown spots; dorsal scutum absent, replaced by small, lightly sclerotized area; venter white. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14; AME- AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.51 long, front width 0.48, back width 0.46. Clypeus 0.58 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.58 220 2.06 2.775 Patella 0.86 0.86 0.82 0.79 Tibia 2.41 1.82 1.20 22511 Metatarsus 1.96 172 1.82 2.96 Tarsus 1.62 1227 1.06 1.65 Total 9.44 7.89 7.41 10.68 Spination: femora I dl II dl III d2 IV d1-1-2; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v5 disp. II pli v4 disp. III d2 pl3 rl2 v2-1-1 IV d26 disp. v2-1-1; metatarsi I v2-2-1 II v3- 2-2 III d2-2-2 v3-2-2 IV d3-2-2 pl2 rl2 v2-1-2. Male palp (Figs 31, 32): palpal patella with small, acutely pointed dorsal apo- physis pointing outward. Palpal tibia provided with short, pointed retrolateral apophysis and small dorsal apophysis. Cymbium with broad retrolateral fold; dorso- 762 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ Fics 30-34 Euryeidon anthonyi gen. n., sp. n., & holotype (30-32), © paratype (33, 34). Male palp, ventral (30) and lateral (31, 32) view. Epigyne, ventral view (33). Internal structure of epigyne (34). Scale lines: 1.0 mm (Figs 30-32); 0.5 mm (Figs 33, 34). lateral area with patch of chemoreceptive hairs. Distal tegular apophysis with lateral flange (Fig. 32) supporting tip of long, slender embolus; median apophysis canoe- shaped. Subtegulum clearly visible. 2 (paratype). Total length 6.10. Carapace 3.10 long, 2.10 wide. Abdomen 3.0 long, 2.26 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace smooth and shiny, hairless. Carapace and chelicerae reddish brown. Sternum orange-brown. Legs yellow with slightly darker coxae. Abdomen as in males except for the absence of a dorsal scutum, venter pale sepia. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 763 Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.23, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.37, ALE-PLE 0.02; MOQ 0.51 long, front width 0.41, back width 0.42. Clypeus 0.58 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.34 1.96 1.82 2.41 Patella 0.82 0.82 0.79 0.79 Tibia 2382 2.03 1.89 SIL Metatarsus 2.24 1.86 2,34 3.68 Tarsus 2.03 1.65 1.41 2213 Total 1027 8.34 SEZ 1224 Spination: femora I dl II dl III d3 IV d3; patellae HI pl1 IV pl1; tibiae I pl2 v1- 1 II pli v2 disp. HI d2 pl2 rl2 v6 disp. IV d4 pl4 rll; metatarsi I v2-2-2 II v6 disp. IH d7 disp. v6 disp. IV d7 disp. v7 disp. Epigyne (Fig. 33): central plate long and rectangular, both lateral margins slightly concave in the middle, posterior border with short, widely rounded projection. Internal structure as in Fig. 34. Remarks. The somatic characters (smooth carapace, abdominal color pattern and absence of dorsal scutum in male) of E. anthonyi sp. n. are untypical for Euryeidon, but both male and female genitalia correspond well with those of other species in this genus. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality in an evergreen forest at the foot of Doi Chiang Dao, a limestone mountain in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Euryeidon sonthichaiae sp. n. Figs 35-37 Type material. HOLOTYPE: d, THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Pha Tang, evergreen riverine forest, 510 m, pitfall trap, 22.VIIL.-22.1X.1990, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG). Diagnosis. Euryeidon sonthichaiae sp. n. is recognizable by the deeply divided retrolateral tibial apophysis with a smaller, sharply pointed, and a larger elongate prong (Fig. 36), and by the simple, long and slender embolus and simple embolic base; the abdomen is uniformly pale cream, without a dorsal pattern; the dorsal scutum of male is lightly sclerotized (Fig. 37). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym dedicated to Professor Saowapa Sonthichai (Chiang Mai University). Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 5.60. Carapace 2.94 long, 1.94 wide. Abdomen 2.78 long, 1.73 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace slightly granular; clypeus covered with fine white setae extending to PME. Carapace and chelicerae orange-brown. Sternum pale brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 37) creamy white, without dorsal pattern, deco- rated only by pale brown spots; venter white; dorsal scutum oval, pale yellow. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.11, PME 0.10, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.25, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.38, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.35 long, front width 0.30, back width 0.33. Clypeus 0.41 high. 164 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur UAV) 1.86 1272 2.20 Patella 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.82 Tibia 1.79 1.44 1.24 1.86 Metatarsus 1.44 PS7 137 2.24 Tarsus 1.34 1377 1.83 1.44 Total TE 6.62 6.17 8.58 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d3 IV d3; patellae III pll IV pli; tibiae I v2-1- 1-2 II dl pl2 v2-2-2 INI d3 pl2 rl3 v2-1-1-2 IV d3 pl3 rl3 v2-1-1-2; metatarsi I v2-2-3 II v3-1-1-1-1 II d2 pl2 rl2 v1-1-1-1-4 IV d2 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-3. Male palp (Figs 35, 36): palpal tibia with a single, deeply divided retrolateral tibial apophysis: the upper tip long and blunt; the lower one smaller, sharply pointed. Dorsolateral area of cymbium provided with thick patch of chemoreceptive hairs; cym- bial fold broad. Distal tegular apophysis blunt, roughly axe-shaped, with small groove supporting embolic tip. Median apophysis slightly curved, upper side provided with small denticle. Subtegulum well-developed, clearly visible. Embolus long and slender. Female unknown. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, an evergreen river- ine forest at Doi Chiang Dao, which is also the type locality of E. musicum sp. n. and E. anthonyi sp. n. Euryeidon consideratum sp. n. Figs 38-40 Type material: HOLOTYPE: ®, THAILAND: Chiang Rai Province, Phan District, Doi Luang National Park, riverine forest along Phu Kang Waterfall, 700 m, 20.VII.2002, leg. S. Sonthichai & P. Dankittipakul (MHNG). Diagnosis. The central epigynal plate of the type of Euryeidon consideratum sp. n. was broken off therefore comparing the epigyne of this new species with other Euryeidon females is impossible. However, the specific shape and orientation of the vulva clearly separate E. consideratum sp. n. from other members of the genus. Generally, the dorsum of Euryeidon female possess a pair of pale patches followed by a series of chevrons (Fig. 19) but in this species the pale patches are replaced by a pair of small pale spots, and there is an indistinct separation between the chevrons, which are followed by a connecting band (Fig. 38). Etymology. Latin, consideratum means modest and refers to the simple abdominal pattern. Description. 2 (holotype). Total length 9.15. Carapace 4.0 long, 2.78 wide. Abdomen 4.84 long, 3.52 wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace coarsely granular, covered with short, fine hairs in clypeal and ocular areas; a pair of small, shallow depression present in the middle of the carapace. Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown. Sternum orange- brown. Legs brown. Abdomen dark sepia. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.14, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.48, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.71, ALE-PLE 0.12; MOQ 0.56 long, front width 0.43, back width 0.44. Clypeus 0.71 high. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 765 Fics 35-42 Euryeidon sonthichaiae gen. n., sp. n. (35-37), 6 holotype. Male palp, ventral (35) and retrolat- eral (36) view. Body of male, dorsal view (37). Euryeidon consideratum gen. n., sp. n. (38-40), ? holotype. Epigyne, ventral view (39). Internal structure of epigyne (40). Body of female, dor- sal view (38). Euryeidon schwendingeri gen. n., sp. n. (41-42), 2 holotype. Epigyne, ventral view (41). Internal structure of epigyne (42). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (39-42); 1.0 mm (35, 36); 2.0 mm (37); 5.0 mm (38). 766 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ Prolateral side of tibiae of legs I and II smooth, without hairs and spines. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.34 2410 1.96 2.51 Patella 0.96 0.96 0.89 0.93 Tibia 1.86 1.48 11,357 1.82 Metatarsus 1.58 1.41 1.62 2.10 Tarsus 1.20 1,117 1.03 1.20 Total 7.96 7.13 6.89 8.58 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 HI d3 IV d3; patellae III pll IV pli; tibiae I v2-1- 1-2 I v2-2-2 HI d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-2 IV d3 pl2 rl3 v2-1-1-2; metatarsi III d2 pl2 rl2 v2- 2-4 IV d1-2 pli rll v1-1-1-4. Epigyne (Fig. 39): shape of central plate unknown. Spermathecae strongly sclerotized, elongated and coiled as in Fig. 40. Male unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. The spider was collected as it was walking on the forest floor in a shady area along a stream. Euryeidon schwendingeri sp.n. Figs 41, 42 Type material: HOLOTYPE: 2°, THAILAND: Chiang Rai Province, Wiang Pa Pao District, Ban Pong Thong, evergreen forest, 1130 m, 4.XII.1987, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG). Diagnosis. Euryeidon schwendingeri sp. n. is characterized by the bell-shaped central plate of its epigyne (Fig. 41). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr Peter J. Schwendinger (MHNG), who collected the holotype of this species and many other interesting zodariids. Description. ® (holotype). Total length 7.10 mm. Carapace 3.89 mm long, 2.63 mm wide. Abdomen 3.36 mm long, 2.73 mm wide. Coloration and pattern: carapace slightly granular, covered with short fine hairs in clypeal and ocular areas. Carapace orange-brown. Chelicerae brown. Sternum pale yellow. Legs pale yellow, almost white. Abdomen mottled with dark brown spots; dor- sum with a pair of pale round patches, followed by a series of chevrons. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.48, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.66, ALE-PLE 0.10; MOQ 0.43 long, front width 0.35, back width 0.41. Clypeus 0.66 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.10 1.96 1.82 2.41 Patella 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 Tibia 15722 1.44 1.20 1.93 Metatarsus 1.34 1.34 1.58 2.41 Tarsus 157 1181 1.03 1.44 Total 7.48 6.86 6.58 9.13 TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 767 Spination: femora I d2 II d2 III d3 IV d3; patellae IN pl1 IV pl1; tibiae I v2-1- 1-2 II v2-1-1-2 IN d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-2 IV d3 pl2 rl3 v2-1-1-2; metatarsi I v1-2 II v1-2- 2-4 INI d2 pli rll v1-1-2-4 IV d2-1 pli rll vi-4. Epigyne with bell-shaped central plate (Fig. 41). Entrance ducts simple, coiled (Fig. 42). Male unknown. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, a remnant patch of evergreen hill forest surrounded by cultivated land. Heradion gen. n. Type species. Heradion naiadis sp. n. Diagnosis. Members of Heradion are characterized by: femora of legs with a basal swelling bearing a proximal dorsal spine (Fig. 43); coxae I and IV elongated (Fig. 64); sternum with frontal concavity accommodating the labium (Fig. 64); a sclerified field with rows of hairs present in front of the spinnerets (Figs 44, 45). Males have an elongate tegulum provided with two apophyses: the median apophysis and a mem- branous distal one with sclerotized basal and retrolateral margins of variable shape. Females have a simple epigyne in which the sclerotized plate has two copulatory orifices, the copulatory ducts are long and S-shaped, and the spermathecae are thick- walled and of variable shape. Etymology. In view of its beauty the taxon is named after the Greek goddess, Hera. The gender is neuter. Description. Medium-sized (4-6.5 mm) spiders. Carapace oval (Fig. 46), widest between coxae II and III, narrowed in front. Profile domed, with its highest point between PME and short, longitudinal fovea (Fig. 63). Tegument smooth and shining to finely reticulated. Coloration: carapace usually reddish to chestnut-brown. Chelicerae brown. Sternum orange-brown or medium brown. Legs brown, with femora usually darker brown basally or throughout. Males often with bicolored legs: femora reddish brown to medium brown; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellow or pale brown. Abdomen pale to dark sepia or almost black, dorsum with typical pattern of pale spots and stripes, seven pairs of white spots usually united to form chevrons from third pair onward. Eight eyes arranged in two procurved rows (Fig. 62); eyes subcircular; pale, except for dark AME. AME more than their diameter apart, less than their diameter from ALE. PME smallest, less than their diameter apart, twice their diameter from PLE. MOQ in front wider than behind, longer than wide. Clypeus retreating, slightly convex, relatively high (height 3.8 to 5.3 times diameter of ALE). Chilum (Figs 62, 64) developed as a single triangular sclerite, drawn out into a point, pointing forward. Chelicerae slender, almost glabrous apart from a prolateral distal group of hairs; condyle well-developed; no teeth along cheliceral groove; fangs short, with thick base. Maxillae (Fig. 64) narrowed toward extremity, provided with fine anteromesal scopulae. Labium triangular, with constricted base. Sternum (Fig. 64) heart-shaped, concave in front, accommodating posterior part of labium; short exten- sions fitting into concavities of leg coxae; posterior end protruding between coxae IV, its tip indented. Pleurites present. 768 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ Figs 43-48 Heradion pernix gen. n., sp. n. Base of femur I (43). Ventral abdominal plate in front of spin- nerets (44). Ditto, detail (45). Carapace, dorsal view (46). ALS (47). Ditto, more strongly mag- nified, indicating MAP (48). Leg formula 4123. Coxae of legs I and IV elongate. Males of some species with elongated femora, metatarsi and tarsi. Femora inflated at position of proximal dorsal spine (Figs 43, 84). Spination: few spines on legs I and II, numerous spines on legs III and IV. A proximal dorsal spine present on each femur, prolateral spines only on femora I. Patellae with a short prolateral and sometimes also with a retrolateral spine TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 769 iaku xısa Fics 49-54 Heradion damrongi gen. n., sp. n. Leg II, modified hairs of preening bush (49). Ditto, leg IV, magnified (50). Male papal tibia showing a row of trichobothria (51). Trichobothrium (52) on palpal tibia. Male palp, retrolateral view (53). Ditto, prolateral view (54). on posterior legs. Ventral tuft of metatarsal preening bush with modified chisel-shaped hairs (Figs 49, 50). A row of trichobothria present on palpal tibiae (Fig. 51); bothria simple, with double crescent-shaped ridges (Fig. 52). Claw tufts absent. Abdomen oval, almost hairless, with sclerotized ring in anterior part; prolateral sigilla small, lightly sclerotized; small dorsal sclerotized field or dorsal scutum in 770 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE anterior half present in males of some species. Six spinnerets; anterior pair long, conical and biarticulate (Figs 44, 47, 48); posterior and median pairs much smaller and shorter. A sclerotized field with rows of hairs just in front of spinnerets (Figs 44, 45). Colulus represented by groups of hairs. Male palp: Tibia with one or two lateral apophyses: ventrolateral apophysis lightly sclerotized, blunt or sharply pointed; retrolateral one relatively dark, pointed in ventral view. Cymbium longer than wide; retrolateral cymbial fold long, extended to distal extremity (Fig. 53); chemoreceptive hairs absent. Tegulum elongate, not clearly separated from embolic base, prolateral side with membranous rim. Tegulum with two apophyses: distal one large, membranous, with field of sclerotization, retrolateral side with modified structure of variable shape; median apophysis situated just short of distal one. Embolic base originating from posterior end of tegulum. Embolus long and thin, describing half a loop. Epigyne developed as a simple sclerotized plate provided with two prominent copulatory orifices; copulatory ducts long, S-shaped, leading to simple or coiled sper- mathecae near posterior margin of epigyne. Species included. Heradion damrongi sp. n., H. luctator sp. n., H. naiadis sp. n., H. pernix sp. n. and H. peteri sp. n. Distribution. Thailand and Malaysia. Key to the species of Heradion gen. n. l CORE A lese 5 od 5 9 000 2 = ER LE dun anne ee. BER ale, ee ee SIL E 6 2 Papal tibia with obvious basal swelling (Figs 75, 80) ................... 3 - Balpal’tibia'without'swelling ©". LoL 4 3 Median apophysis of bulb strongly sclerotized, beak-shaped (Fig. 75) RO ER ROR FE AN. à 0 o 6 H. damrongi - IMedian/apophysis of bulb bifid (Fig. 80)... a2. ERE H. luctator + Cymbial fold reaching apex, DA short (Figs 70, 71)............. H. pernix - Cymbial fold not reaching apex, DA very long, almost reaching cymbial EXWTEMITY.E: Sa ee ee e EN a 50 5 05 000222 5 5 DA spear-shaped, reaching cymbial extremity; cymbial fold extended fanbeyondimiddle o0fcymbium(Fiss 6566) ©. == 44. =a EE Re H. peteri - DA blunt (Fig. 55); cymbial fold extended just beyond middle of cym- bium(EISS 36,37)... 22 2 22.2.0200 3 J RINO N DO DE TELE H. naiadis 6 Copulatory orifices in anterior part of epigyne (Fig. 68)........... H. peteri - Eopulatory/orifices in posterior part of(epigyne . ir re 7 TI Spermathecae"coiled:: 2.00 MR ES A ZELTE 8 - Spermathecae not coiled, in some specimens strongly curved ............ 9 8 Posterior rim of epigyne convex and smoothly rounded; spermathecae withsfourscoillsiE&igs.7778). oe ar H. damrongi - Posterior rim of epigyne indented; spermathecae with two coils es Shane set RR oe eme H. luctator 9 Course of copulatory ducts S-shaped (Fig. 59) ................. H. naiadis = Course of copulatory ducts with more curves (Fig. 73)........... H. pernix TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 771 Heradion naiadis sp. n. Figs 55-64 Type material. HOLOTYPE: à, eastern THAILAND: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Chong District, Khao Yai National Park, Khao Khieo, montane rain forest, 1150 m, leaf lit- ter sample, 29. VII.2000 (MHNG THMA-00/07). PARATYPES: THAILAND: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Chong District, 19, same data as for holotype (MHNG THMA-00/07); 14 , from the type locality, 29.X.1997 (PDC Z00123); 26, 12, Khao Yai National Park, rainforest near Orchid Waterfall, 500 m, 4.V.1987 (MHNG, KBIN). All leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Diagnosis. Males of Heradion naiadis sp. n. can be recognized by the complex median apophysis and the horn-shaped distal tegular apophysis; females are charac- terized by the strongly sclerotized posterior margin of the epigyne and the simple, round spermathecae. Etymology. Latin, nais (genitive naiadis) is a nymph of the woods and the species name alludes to the beauty of this forest-dwelling species. Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 5.36. Carapace 2.53 long, 1.79 wide. Abdomen 2.25 long. Coloration and pattern: carapace reddish brown, smooth and shiny, without hairs. Chelicerae and sternum medium brown. Legs orange. Abdomen dark sepia to black; dorsum with pattern of pale spots and stripes (Fig. 60): anteriorly with two longitudinal bands followed by two large spots and transverse bands. Ventral abdo- minal sclerotized field in front of spinnerets yellow, lightly sclerotized. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.23, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.38 long, front width 0.33, back width 0.30. Clypeus 0.51 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.20 1.76 1.65 2.24 Patella 0.68 0.69 0.65 0.69 Tibia 1.96 1.41 127 2.14 Metatarsus 1.65 1.38 1.45 2.41 Tarsus 1.41 117 1.03 1.45 Total 7.90 6.41 6.05 8.93 Spination: femora I dl pl1 II dl III dl IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v1- 1-2 I v1-1-2 IN d1-1 pli rll v1-1-1-2 IV d1-1-1 pli rll v1-1-1-1-2; metatarsi I v1-1- 1-1 If v2-2-1-1 IN d2-2 rll v2-1-1 IV d1-1-2 pli rll v2-1-1-2. Male palp (Figs 55-57): palpal tibia with simple dorsolateral apophysis, its tip sharp and pointed (Fig. 56). Cymbium with relatively broad fold occupying half of cym- bial length; basolateral concavity shallow. Tegulum simple, elongate, separated from embolic base by small prolateral membranous area. Median apophysis (Fig. 55) complicated, lightly sclerotized. Distal tegular apophysis partly sclerotized; dorsolateral sclerotized area well-developed as a large horn-shaped extension with obliquely trun- cate tip, broad at base, pointing distolaterad. Embolic base originating in posterior part of tegulum. Embolus relatively thick proximally, remainder whiplike, long and slender. ? (paratype). Total length 6.01. Carapace 2.64 long, 1.76 wide. Abdomen 2.43 long. UV P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE 55-57 ms 58, 59 er Fics 55-59 Heradion naiadis gen. n., sp. n., ¢ holotype (55-57), © paratype (58, 59). Male palp, ventral (55), prolateral (57) and retrolateral (56) view. Epigyne, ventral view (58). Internal structure of epigyne (59). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (58, 59); 0.75 mm (55-57). Coloration and pattern: as in male but coloration generally darker: carapace dark reddish brown; chelicerae and sternum medium brown; abdomen dark sepia; dorsum with two longitudinal bands followed by two pairs of pale spots and inter- connected chevrons (Fig. 61). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.06; MOQ 0.38 long, front width 0.28, back width 0.29. Clypeus 0.53 high. Leg measurements: TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE WA Figs 60-64 Heradion naiadis gen. n., sp. n., 6 holotype (60, 62-24), 2 paratype (61). Body of male, dorsal view (60). Abdomen of female, ventral view (61). Carapace of male, frontal (62) and lateral (63) view. Sternum, labium and maxillae (64). Scale lines: 1.5 mm (60, 61); 2.0 mm (62-64). 774 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE I II III IV Femur 1.89 1.59 1.48 2.00 Patella 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.76 Tibia 172 1.31 1.14 2.00 Metatarsus 1.48 121 1.34 DADA] Tarsus 0.89 1.03 0.86 1.24 Total 6.74 5.86 SII 8.27 Spination: femora I dl pll If dl III d2 IV d3; tibiae I v2-1-1-1 Il v2-1-1-1 II d3 pl2 rll v2-1-1-1 IV d3 rll v2-1-1-1-1; metatarsi I v2-1-1-1 II v2-1-1-1 HI d2-1 pl2 v2-1-1-1-1 IV 13 disp. Epigyne (Fig. 58) developed as a simple sclerotized plate, more strongly scle- rotized along posterior margin. Deep copulatory orifices in posterior part of epigyne; copulatory ducts S-shaped. Spermathecae rounded, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 59). Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Heradion peteri sp. n. Figs 65-69 Type material: HOLOTYPE: d, northern THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Pha Tang, evergreen riverine forest, 510 m, pitfall trap, 23.VII.-22.IX.1990, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG). PARATYPES: same data as for holotype, 14, 25.X.-23.XI.1990 (KBIN); 14, 23.X1.- 22.XII.1990 (PDC Z00124). All leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Other material: 29, THAILAND: Chiang Rai Province, Chiang Khong District, Ban Kew Kan, 780 m, leaf litter sample, 14.X.1994 (MHNG); 19, Phrae Province, Mae Khaem Village, 560 m, 20 km east of Phrae City, leaf litter sample, 21.[X.1991 (PDC Z00125). All leg. P. J. Schwendinger. Diagnosis. Males of Heradion peteri sp. n. can be recognized by the spear- shaped retrolateral sclerotized area of distal tegular apophysis and the simple, bifid median apophysis (Fig. 65); females by the copulatory orifices which are situated in the anterior part of the epigyne and by the oval spermathecae (Figs 67, 68). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr Peter Schwendinger (MHNG) who collected all the material of this species. Description. 3 (holotype). Total length: 4.55. Carapace 2.41 long, 1.69 wide. Abdomen 2.00 long. Coloration and pattern: carapace slightly roughened, without hairs. Fovea deep. Carapace orange-brown. Chelicerae pale brown. Sternum orange. Legs two-colored, i.e. coxae and femora orange, patellae to tarsi yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 69) sepia, sparsely dotted with black pigment; dorsum with a pair of longitudinal pale bands followed by 6 transverse bands, first and second band broken, third to sixth band small, almost as wide as long; venter creamy white, without markings. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.27, ALE-PLE 0.07; MOQ 0.38 long, front width 0.30, back width 0.33. Clypeus 0.51 high. Leg measurements: I II II IV Femur 1.62 1.44 1.34 1.72 Patella 0.55 0.55 0.58 0.58 TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 775 65 66 Figs 65-69 Heradion peteri gen. n., sp. n., 6 holotype (65, 66, 69), 9 paratype (67, 68). Male palp, ventral (65) and retrolateral (66) view. Epigyne, ventral view (68). Internal structure of epigyne (67). Body of male, dorsal view (69). Scale lines: 1.0 mm (65-68); 2.0 mm (69). Tibia 1.48 1.17 1.00 1.68 Metatarsus 1.20 1.03 1.34 1.93 Tarsus 1123) 0.93 0.82 1.1177 Total 5.98 Io 2 5.08 7.08 Spination: femora I dl pli II dl II dl IV d3; patellae II pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v1- 2 II pli v1-1-1-1 INI d2 pl2 rll v2-2 IV 11 disp; metatarsi I v2-2-2 II v2 III d2 v2-2 IV d2 pl2 rl2 v1-1. Male palp (Figs 65, 66): palpal tibia with lateral swelling. Ventrolateral tibial apophysis digitiform, small and thin as seen from the side (Fig. 66), sharp and pointed as seen from below (Fig. 65). Cymbium longer than wide, provided with deep and long 776 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ furrow almost reaching apex. Tegulum simple, elongated, partly membranous. Median apophysis with membranous basal part; distal part lightly sclerotized, divided into two branches pointing in different directions. Dorsolateral sclerotized area of distal tegular apophysis spear shaped, long and slender, slightly curved outward, reaching apex of cymbium. Embolus whip-like, long and slender, originating at posterior end of tegulum. 2 (Identification uncertain). Total length 5.78. Carapace 2.67 long, 1.74 wide. Abdomen 2.56 long. Coloration and pattern: generally as in males but dorsal scutum absent; carapace orange; legs yellow; abdomen dark sepia. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.26, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.42 long, front width 0.35, back width 0.38. Clypeus 0.53 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.62 1.44 1837. 1.79 Patella 0.62 0.62 0.55 0.65 Tibia 1237 1.10 1.03 1.62 Metatarsus 1.24 1.03 1.24 1.89 Tarsus 0.96 0.86 0.82 1.10 Total Digi 5.05 NOI TAOS Spination: femora I dl pll II d2 HI d2 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pl1; tibiae I v1- 1 If pli v2-1-1 II d3 pli rll v2-1-1 IV d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1; metatarsi I v1-1-1-1-1-1 I v2-2-2 II d2-2 pli rll v2-2-2 IV d2 pl2 rl2 v6 disp. Epigyne (Fig. 68) developed as a slightly sclerotized plate. Copulatory orifices in anterior part of epigyne. Spermathecae relatively large (Fig. 67). Variation. The shape of the pale bands on the dorsal side of the abdomen is variable: the anterior patches are of variable sizes; the following pale areas may be present as round patches or as a transverse, usually broken band; third to sixth trans- verse bands may be connected or fused, forming a dorsal longitudinal band in front of the spinnerets. Remarks. Female specimens were collected from Chiang Rai and Phrae Provinces, which are 180-200 km away from the type locality in Chiang Mai province. Due to geographical separation, these specimens may not be conspecific. Before this uncertainty is solved by the discovery of males from Chiang Rai and Phrae, the examined females are placed in Heradion peteri sp. n. but they are not designated as paratypes. Distribution. Northern Thailand (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Phrae Provinces). Heradion pernix sp. n. Figs 43-48, 70-74 Type material: HOLOTYPE: dé, western MALAYSIA: Pahang, Charas Hill, 3 km north of Panching, 60 m, 9-10.VII.2001, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG SIM-01/12). PARATYPES: western MALAYSIA: 62, 76, same data as for holotype (MHNG SIM- 01/12); d, Selangor, Templer Park (N 03° 17° 55.2”, E 101° 37° 13.5”), north of Kuala Lumpur, TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE Vaal Figs 70-74 Heradion pernix gen. n., sp. n., 6 holotype (70, 71, 74), 2 paratype (72, 73). Male palp, ventral (70) and retrolateral (71) view. Epigyne, ventral view (72). Internal structure of epigyne (73). Body of male, dorsal view (74). Scale lines: 1.0 mm (70-73); 2.0 mm (74). 230-370 m, rainforest along stream, 13.VII.2001, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG SIM-01/14); 3, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, Jerian Waterfall, 1050 m, under bark, 19.III.1993, leg. I. Löbl & F. Calame (MHNG WM93-12a); 34, Perak, rainforest 5 km northeast of Chenderiang (north of Tapah), 290-330 m, 22-31.1.1994, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (KBIN). Diagnosis. Males of Heradion pernix sp. n. are easily recognizable by the sickle-shaped median apophysis and the relatively simple distal tegular apophysis; females by the presence of an epigynal lip and by the spermathecae with overhanging copulatory ducts on top. Etymology. Latin, pernix means ‘runner’ and refers to the long legs in males. Noun in apposition. 718 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Description. 3 (holotype). Total 5.57 length. Carapace 2.82 long, 2.05 wide. Abdomen 2.10 long. Coloration and pattern (Fig. 74): carapace dark reddish brown, with fine granu- lation. Chelicerae and sternum brown. Legs elongated, in particular femora, tibiae and metatarsi. Femora medium brown, other segments yellow. Abdomen dark sepia; dorsum with very small anterior spots, followed by 2 pairs of round spots and trans- verse bands. Ventral abdominal plate in front of spinneret strongly sclerotized, yellow in color. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.15, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.07; MOQ 0.48 long, front width 0.43, back width 0.43. Clypeus 0.66 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.58 245 2.00 2.79 Patella 0.72 0.72 072 0.68 Tibia 2.41 175 193 2.58 Metatarsus 2.24 1.79 1.82 3.20 Tarsus 1.79 1957 1.20 172 Total 9.74 7.76 7.29 10.97 Spination: femora I d2 pl1 II d2 III d3 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v1- 1-1-1 If pli v2-1-1-1 I d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-1 IV d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-1-2 metatarsi I v2-1- 1-1 I v2-2-2 II d11 dispersal. v2-1-1-1-1 IV d2 pl2 rl2 v2-2-1-2. Male palp (Figs 70, 71): palpal tibia with two apophyses: ventrolateral apophysis lightly sclerotized, with rounded tip, curved when seen from below; retro- lateral apophysis strong, short and pointed, broad at base. Cymbium with broad and long fold, reaching apex. Tegulum elongated, with clearly separated embolic part. Median apophysis sickle-shaped, slightly curved, pointing upward. Distal tegular apophysis simple, retrolateral sclerotized area lightly sclerotized. Embolus whip-like, long and slender, describing half a loop. ® (paratype). Total length 6.05. Carapace 2.69 long, 1.87 wide. Abdomen 2.23 long. Coloration and pattern: as in male but legs shorter: femora and tibiae of normal length. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.07; MOQ 0.44 long, front width 0.44, back width 0.38. Clypeus 0.61 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.96 172) 155 2.03 Patella 0.68 0.68 0.65 0.65 Tibia 1173 1037] 124 2.10 Metatarsus 1.62 1.34 1.48 2.41 Tarsus 157 S10 1.03 1.44 Total 7.38 6.21 3:95 8.63 TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 779 Spination: femora I d2 pli II d2 III d3 IV d4; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v2- 1-1-1 II pli v2-1-1-1 INI d2 pl2 rll v2-1-1-1-1 IV d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-1-1; metatarsi I v2- 2-2 II v2-2-2 IN v2-2-1-1 IV d2-2-2 v2-2-2. Epigyne (Fig. 72) developed as a simple sclerotized plate, its posterior margin with lightly sclerotized rim, lip-like in appearance. Copulatory orifices located posteriorly, touching the epigastric furrow. Copulatory ducts running forward and then downward, lying on top of thick-walled spermathecae (Fig. 73). Variation. Males collected from Chenderiang are smaller and less colorful than the male holotype. The palps of these males are also less sclerotized. Distribution. Malaysia (Pahang and Perak). Heradion damrongi sp. n. Figs 49-54, 75-79 Type material: HOLOTYPE: 9, MALAYSIA: Penang Island, Penang Hill (= Bukit Bendera), 650 m, 19.X1.1999, leg. G. Cuccodoro & I. Löbl (MHNG 10a.). PARATYPES: MALAYSIA: 39, 16, Penang Hill, 650-760 m, leaf litter sample, 18.1.1995, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG); 7% (2 used for SEM), 16, Penang Hill, 710 m, 8- 19.XII.1997, leg. P. J. Schwendinger; 19, Kelantan, Jeram Pasu Waterfall, south of Kota Baharu, 100 m, 10-11.X1.1999, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MNHG); 29, Perak, Maxwell Hill (=Bukit Larut), east of Taiping, 1200-1320 m, 24-26.1.1995, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MNHG); 1d, 12, Maxwell Hill, 1290-1320, 7-8.1.1996, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (KBIN); 14, Maxwell Hill, 950 m, 22.X1.1999, leg. G. Cuccodoro & I. Löbl (MHNG 12); 19, Perak, rainforest near Padang Gerus, northeast of Taiping, 200 m, 15.1.1995, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MNHG). Diagnosis. Males of H. damrongi sp. n. can be identified by the beak-shaped median apophysis, by the anchor-shaped retrolateral sclerotized area of the distal tegular apophysis in ventral view (Fig. 75) and by the blunt ventrolateral tibial apo- physis which is membranous at the base (Fig. 76). Females can be recognized by the coiled spermathecae (Fig. 78). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of His Royal Highness Prince Damrong Rajanubhab of Siam (1862-1943), a great statesman who lived in Penang for almost a decade. Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 4.51. Carapace 2.56 long, 1.92 wide. Abdomen 1.84 long. Coloration and pattern (Fig. 79): carapace reddish brown, finely granular. Legs orange-brown; proximal and distal portion of femora and tibiae with darker color, almost brown. Abdomen sepia; cardiac area pale; first pair of pale patches on dorsum elongated, followed by 2 pairs of round spots and transverse bands. Ventral abdominal plate in front of spinnerets yellow, lightly sclerotized. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15; AME- AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.46 long, front width 0.41, back width 0.38. Clypeus 0.58 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.34 1.96 1.82 2.34 Patella 0.65 0.65 0.68 0.62 Tibia 243 55 1.41 2.24 Metatarsus DA 1.33 2) 2.93 Tarsus 1.82 31 1.03 1.62 Total Ian 1.02 6.66 9975 780 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE Fics 75-79 Heradion damrongi gen. n., sp. n., d holotype (75, 76, 79), 2 paratype (77, 78). Male palp, ven- tral (75) and retrolateral (76) view. Epigyne, ventral view (77). Internal structure of epigyne (78). Body of male, dorsal view (79). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (77, 78); 1.0 mm (75, 76); 2.0 mm (79). Spination: femora I d2 pl1 II d2 II d3 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pli; tibiae I v1- 1-1-2 II pll v1-1-2 HI d2 pl2 rll v1-1-1-2 IV d3 pl3 rl2 v1-1-1-1-2; metatarsi I v1-1- 1-1-2 I v1-1-1-1-2 II d2-2-2 v1-1-1-2 IV d2 pl2 rl2 v6 disp. Male palp (Figs 75, 76): palpal tibia with two apophyses: ventrolateral apo- physis short and thick, membranous at base; retrolateral tibial apophysis round at tip. Cymbium elongated, furrow long and deep, reaching apex. Tegulum with strongly sclerotized beak-shaped median apophysis, pointing downward. Distal tegular apophysis elongated, developed as thin membranous sheet; retrolateral field of sclerotization anchor-shaped. Embolic base round, origin of embolus pointing forward; embolus whip-like, very long. ? (paratype). Total length 4.85. Carapace 2.56 long, 1.74 wide. Abdomen 2.17 long. Coloration and pattern: generally as in males but dorsum without pale longitu- dinal band on cardiac area. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.14, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.23, ALE-PLE 0.06; MOQ 0.42 long, front width 0.33, back width 0.38. Clypeus 0.61 high. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 781 Le g measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.93 JESS 1:37, 2.00 Patella 0.62 0.58 0.58 0.62 Tibia 1.68 1.27 1.20 1.96 Metatarsus JESS 1.37 1:39 2.44 Tarsus 1.37 1.03 - 2.44 Total 7.415 5.80 4.52 8.46 Spination: femora I d3 pll II d3 III d1-2-1-1 IV d5; patellae III pll IV pli; ti- biae I v1-1-1-1 II pli v1-1-1-2 HI d2 pl2 rll v1-1-1-2 IV d3 pl3 rl2 v1-1-1-1-2; meta- tarsi I v1-1-1-2 IT v1-1-1-1-2 II d2 pl2 rl2 v1-1-1-1-2 IV d1-1-1-1-2 v1-1-1-1-2. Epigyne (Fig. 77): developed as a simple sclerotized plate. Copulatory orifices located posteriorly; spermathecae strongly coiled (Fig. 78). Distribution: Malaysia (Penang Island, Kelantan and Perak). Heradion luctator sp. n. Figs 80-84 Type material: HOLOTYPE: 4, MALAYSIA: Terengganu, Lake Kenyir, 5 km south- west of dam, 50 km southwest of Kuala Terengganu, N 4° 58’, E 102° 19°, 300-400 m, 8.VII.2001, leg. A. Schulz & K. Vock (MHNG M01-163). PARATYPES: MALAYSIA: 19, same data as for holotype, 10.vii.2001 (MHNG MOI- 169); 19, Selangor, Templer Park (N 03° 17’ 55.2”, E 101° 37° 13.5”), north of Kuala Lumpur, 230-370 m, rainforest along stream, 13.VII.2001, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MHNG SIM-01/14); 12, Perak, Pangkor Island, southwest of Ipoh, 30-150 m, 15-16.XII.1997, leg. P. J. Schwendinger (MNHG). Diagnosis. Males of H. luctator sp. n. can be easily identified by the swollen tibiae of leg I (Fig. 84) and by the bifid median apophysis of the bulb (Fig. 80); females by the coiled, widely separated spermathecae (Fig. 83). Etymology. Latin, luctator means fighter, which refers to the swollen tibiae I of males. Description. 3 (holotype). Total length 4.74. Carapace 2.38 long, 1.74 wide. Abdomen 1.69 long. Coloration and pattern: carapace light brown, smooth. Legs yellow. Proximal part of tibiae I swollen (Fig. 84). Abdomen sepia, provided with some white spots. Ventral abdominal plate in front of spinnerets lightly sclerotized, pale yellow. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.08, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.17, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.48 long, front width 0.37, back width 0.25. Clypeus 0.41 high. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 2.06 1.62 1.55 2.10 Patella 0.62 0.58 0.62 0.68 Tibia 1.89 131 1.20 1.89 Metatarsus 1.86 137] Sl 2.41 Tarsus 1.48 1.20 0.93 ISS Total TON 6.08 Das]! 8.63 782 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUE wiv AAAS AAS AIMM A 80 | NS si de 2a 81 Figs 80-84 Heradion luctator gen. n., sp. n., d holotype (80, 81, 84), 2 paratype (82, 83). Male palp, ven- tral (80) and retrolateral (81) view. Epigyne, ventral view (82). Internal structure of epigyne (83). Leg I, lateral view (84). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (82, 83); 1.0 mm (80, 81, 84). Spination: femora I d2 pll II d2 HI d3 IV d3; patellae IH pli rll IV pli rll; ti- biae I v2-1-1-1 II pli v2-1-1IH d2-1-1 pl3 rll v2-1-2 IV d3 pl4 rl2 v2-1-2; metatarsi I v2-1-1-2 II pll v2-1-1-2 HI d2-2-2 v2-2-1-1 IV d1-2 pl2 rl2 v2-1-2-1-1. Male palp (Figs 80, 81): palpal tibia with two apophyses: ventrolateral tibial apophysis blunt, finger-like; retrolateral one small, sharp and pointed. Cymbium elon- gated, furrow long and deep, relatively broad. Tegulum with bifid median apophysis: basal branch distally broad; upper branch sickle-shaped. Distal tegular apophysis thin, developed as a membranous sheet, retrolateral field of sclerotization complicated. Embolic base separated from tegulum by membranous area. Embolus thin, whip-like. TWO NEW GENERA OF ZODARIIDAE 783 2 (paratype). As the male but larger in size, legs of normal size and tibia I not swollen. Total length 5.73. Carapace 2.43 long, 1.66 wide. Abdomen 2.56 long. Coloration and pattern: coloration darker than in males. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.12; AME- AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.26, ALE-PLE 0.05; MOQ 0.43 long, front width 0.41, back width 0.33. Clypeus 0.61 high. Leg formula: 4123. Leg measurements: I II III IV Femur 1.89 1.62 1:53 2.06 Patella 0.62 0.62 0.62 2.03 Tibia 1:72 1.31 1-20 1.93 Metatarsus 153 127, 1.51 2.48 Tarsus 1237, 1.06 1.00 137 Total TRS 5.88 5.88 9.87 Spination: femora I d2 pl1 II d2 III d3 IV d3; patellae III pl1 IV pl1; tibiae I v1- 1-1-1 I v1-1-1-2 II d2 pli rll v1-1-1-2 IV d3 pl2 rl2 v2-1-1-2; metatarsi I 5 dispersal. II v1-2-2 MI d1-1-2 pl2 rl2 v1-1-1-1-2 IV 13 dispersal. Epigyne (Fig. 82): with depression on posterior margin. Copulatory orifices elongated, located posteriorly, almost touching epigastric furrow. Copulatory ducts relatively short. Spermathecae widely separated, coiled (Fig. 83). Distribution. Malaysia (Terengganu, Selangor and Perak). DISCUSSION The presence of a metatarsal preening bush composed of chisel-shaped hairs (Figs 10, 49, 50) in both Euryeidon gen. n. and Heradion gen. n. clearly shows that these two genera belong to the subfamily Zodariinae. Jocqué (1991) defined the sub- family Storeninae on the base of chisel-shaped hairs but this later appeared to be a paraphyletic group. Jocqué (1992) and Benjamin & Jocqué (2000) reason why the two were united. The two new genera are closely related to Mallinella, with which they share the typical dome-shaped cephalothorax, the sternum with triangular extensions fitting in coxal concavities, and the very well-delimited chilum with bulging centre. The structures of the secondary genitalia are also similar. Male palps of these three genera are characterized by the presence of a broad cymbial fold, epigynes by a strongly sclerotized internal structure. The easiest way to separate these genera is to look at the type of armature in front of the tracheal spiracle: in Mallinella there is a single row of short spines, whereas in both new genera there is a field with several rows of spine-shaped setae decreasing in length toward the front (Figs 2, 3, 44, 45). These characters could be regarded as different stages of a single character, which again stresses the close relationship between these three genera. Only a single species of Zodariidae, Storenomorpha reinholdae, has previously been recorded from Thailand. Yet, Mallinella and Asceua are the most abundant zodariid genera that can be found almost everywhere in forests of Thailand, including the summit of Doi Inthanon, the highest mountain culminating at 2565 m. The discov- ery of species-rich new genera in this part of the tropics was a surprise as Asceua and Mallinella were indeed considered the only zodariid genera with numerous species. 784 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & R. JOCQUÉ While several attempts have been made to collect specimens throughout different forests in the northern part of the country, members of Euryeidon gen. n. were collected only from the northern part of the Dwana-Tenesserim Range (Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces). In addition, only two species of Heradion gen. n. were collected from the north and the east of Thailand. The remaining three Heradion species are widely distributed and quite common in Malaysia. The syntopic occurrence of three congeneric species of Euryeidon gen. n., i.e. E. musicum sp. n., E. anthonyi sp. n. and E. sonthichaiae sp. n., together with A. peteri sp. n. in the evergreen riverine forest of Doi Chiang Dao is another indication for the high biodiversity of tropical forests in Thailand. This phenomenon has previously been reported for another spider family, i.e. the Amaurobiidae at Doi Inthanon (Dankittipakul & Wang, 2003). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr Peter J. Schwendinger for providing material from his per- sonal collection and for the loan of specimens from the MHNG. We also thank Dr Peter J. Schwendinger for his comments on the manuscript. Work on this paper was carried out while the first author was based at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. He is grateful to people who provided assistance there, in particular to Professor Saowapa Sonthichai (Biology Department, Chiang Mai University), Dr Wipada Vungsilabutr (Department of Entomology and Zoology, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangkok) and Dr Angoon Lewvanich (Institute of Science, The Royal Academy of Thailand, Bangkok). Alan D. Newson (The University of Auckland, New Zealand) kindly checked the English text. The Royal Forest Department gave permission to collect spiders in protected areas. Thailand Research Fund supported the first author with a TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training Grant (project number BRT_R 145002). REFERENCES BENJAMIN, S. P. & JOCQUE, R. 2000. Two new species of the genus Suffasia from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Zodariidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 107 (1): 97-106. DANKITTIPAKUL, P. & WANG, X.-P. 2003. New species of coelotine spiders (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from northern Thailand I. Revue suisse de Zoologie 110 (4): 723-737. JOCQUÉ, R. 1991. A generic revision of the spider family Zodariidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 201: 1-165. JOCQUÉ, R. 1992. A new species and the first male of Suffasia with a redelimitation of the sub- families of the Zodariidae (Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 99: 3-9. JOCQUÉ, R. (in press). Six stridulating organs in one spider. — Is this the limit? Journal of Arachnology. JOCQUÉ, R. & BAEHR, B. 1992. A revision of the Australian spider genus Storena (Araneae, Zodariidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 6: 953-1004. JOCQUÉ, R. & BOsMANS, R. 1989. A revision of the genus Storenomorpha Simon (Araneae, Zodariidae). Spixiana 12 (2): 125-134. MURPHY, F. & MURPHY, J. 2000. An introduction to the spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 625 pp. PLATNICK, N. I. 2004. The world spider catalog, version 4.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog 8187 /index.html REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 785-789; decembre 2004 The first record of Horaeomorphus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae) from the Philippines, with description of H. blattnyi sp. n. Pawet JALOSZYNSKI Os. Wichrowe Wzgörze 22/13, 61-678 Poznän, Poland. E-mail: japawel@man.poznan.pl The first record of Horaeomorphus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmae- nidae) from the Philippines, with description of A. blattnyi sp. n. - The first species of the Australo-Oriental genus Horaeomorphus Schaufuss known to occur in the Philippines is described, A. blattnyi sp. n. The male habitus and key characters including the aedeagus are illustrated. Keywords: Coleoptera - Scydmaenidae - Horaeomorphus - new species - Philippines - taxonomy. INTRODUCTION The genus Horaeomorphus Schaufuss (Scydmaeninae, Cyrtoscydmini) comprises over fifty species distributed in Southeast Asia, Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar and Mauritius (Newton & Franz, 1998; Jatoszynski, 2002, 2003). Three species have been described from the southeastern part of Asia: H. chinensis Franz from mainland China, A. babai Jatoszynski from Taiwan, and H. sakishimanus Jatos- zynski from Ryukyus, Japan, (Franz, 1985; O’Keefe & Li, 1998; Jatoszynski, 2002, 2003). Thanks to the kindness of Dr Giulio Cuccodoro, I had the opportunity to exam- ine an interesting specimen preserved in the collection of the Muséum d’histoire na- turelle, Geneva, which turned out to be a male of an undescribed species of Horaeomorphus. This specimen was collected in the northern part of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines, and is the first member of this genus reported to occur in this country. The type material is deposited in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva (MHNG). TAXONOMY Horaeomorphus Schaufuss, 1889 Horaeomorphus Schaufuss, 1889, p. 21. Type species: Horaeomorphus eumicroides Schaufuss. A detailed set of features, which characterize the genus Horaeomorphus, is given in a recent paper (Jatoszynski, 2002). The following diagnosis includes only the Manuscript accepted 16.03.2004 786 P. JALOSZYNSKI most important key characteristics: body slender, elongate; vertex with pair of foveae; neck broad; antenna gradually thickened toward apex, without distinct club; anten- nomere XI large, usually subconical, clearly separated from X; pronotum without sharp edges or lateral carinae, with row of 3-5 basal foveae sometimes connected by transverse groove; prosternal process very narrow, weakly separating procoxae; mesosternal process wider than prosternal, moderately projecting ventrally; elytra oval, entire, weakly or not depressed at base, basal foveae covered by posterior margin of pronotum; femora clavate, in some cases hind trochanters are modified in males. Aedeagus with symmetrical parameres and well sclerotized armature of internal sac. Female genitalia have been studied in two species only; A. sakishimanus possesses globular spermatheca and elongate bursa copulatrix (Jatoszynski, 2002). The subgeneric division of Horaeomorphus into the nominotypical subgenus and Pseudosyndicus Franz is problematic (discussed in Jatoszyñski, 2002), and must be verified. Therefore, the new species is not placed in any subgenus to facilitate further revisions. Horaeomorphus blattnyi sp. n. Figs 1-6 Type material. Holotype male, labelled: Philippines, Luzon, Bontoc Prov. (sic!), Mt. Data, 2270 m, 28. iv. 1979, Orousset leg., from mossy forest under rotten wood (MHNG). Description. Body (Fig. 1) large, body length 3.33 mm, elongate, moderately convex, moderately dark brown, legs (especially femora) and palpi slightly brighter, setation relatively short, moderately dense, yellowish. Head wider than long, widest at relatively small eyes, length 0.54 mm, width 0.72 mm. Occiput with two small pits in middle of occipital constriction, distance between pits equals to 1/4 width of occiput; vertex distinctly transverse, moderately convex, with pair of shallow but distinct pits; tempora relatively long, rounded, strongly narrowing posteriorly; frons trapezoidal, convex, moderately lowering toward large, transverse, subrectangular clypeus; supraantennal tubercles only slightly raised. Head glossy, punctation moderately sparse, composed of fine punctures; setation brownish, sparse, moderately long, composed of thin, curved, suberect setae, on tempora slightly thicker and nearly straight. Antenna (Fig. 5) relatively short, slightly extending past posterior margin of pronotum, 1.62 mm in length, gradually thickened toward apex, relative lengths of antennomeres 1:.0.8.:71.2 2415: 1.05.21 7 0.95 sve 1.05.2103 IM ESBrracegoi antennomeres uneven, especially segments VIII-XI coarsely, densely granulated; all antennomeres with moderately dense, moderately long, curved suberect to erect setae. Pronotum large, distinctly elongate, widest near anterior third, length 1.01 mm, maximum width 0.91 mm, width at base 0.57 mm. Anterior and lateral margins round- ed; disc distinctly demarcated from narrow posterior collar by transverse row of five small basal foveae (one median and two pairs of lateral foveae); posterior margin of base straight, with very narrow marginal carina, hind angles rounded. Punctation of pronotum sparse and very fine; setation short and sparse, composed of slightly curved, suberect to erect setae minimally thicker than setation of head. Elytra oval, elongate, more convex than pronotum, widest slightly anterior to NEW HORAEOMORPHUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 787 5 = SSS Fic. 1 Habitus of Horaeomorphus blattnyi sp. n., holotype male. Scale 0.5 mm. 788 P. JALOSZYNSKI FIGs 2-6 Horaeomorphus blattnyi sp. n. (holotype male): 2 — aedeagus, ventral view, 3 — aedeagus, dor- sal view, 4 — aedeagus, lateral view, 5 — right antenna, dorsal view, 6 — left coxa, trochanter and femur, ventral view. Scale 0.2 mm. NEW HORAEOMORPHUS FROM THE PHILIPPINES 789 middle, length 1.78 mm, combined width at widest point 1.12 mm, elytral index (1.e. ratio length/width) 1.59. Humeri very weakly marked, with shallow and broad internal humeral impression; apices of elytra separately rounded. Elytral punctation as sparse as that on pronotum but composed of more distinct, slightly larger punctures; setation relatively short, sparse, suberect, composed of minimally curved setae as thick as pronotal setation. Hind wings entirely reduced. Legs moderately long, robust; procoxae large, nearly globular, contiguous; mesocoxae large, flattened dorso-ventrally, separated by relatively narrow mesosternal process; metacoxae smaller, with transverse basal and well demarcated, elongate distal part; pro- and mesotrochanters small, subtriangular; metatrochanters strongly modi- fied, with long, slender rod-like process (Fig. 6). All femora with slender basal part and strongly, but not abruptly clavate distal part; all tibiae slightly recurved; tarsi relatively short, tarsomeres reducing in size from I to IV, tarsomere V minimally longer than II and IV together. Setation of ventral surface of fore and middle tibiae and tarsi distinctly longer than setae on hind legs. Aedeagus (Figs 2-4) 0.72 mm in length, with symmetrical, moderately darkly sclerotized structures of internal sac. Female. Unknown. Comments. This species can be easily distinguished from similar Asiatic congeners by its large, dark and shiny body, and by the design of the aedeagus. This is the first species of Horaeomorphus known to occur in Philippines. The locality “Bontoc”, indicated on the label as “Bontoc Prov.” in fact is a capitol of Mountain Province in North Luzon. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Ctibor Blattny, who described most species of Scydmaenidae known from the Philippines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sincere thanks to Dr Giulio Cuccodoro for lending me the material for study. REFERENCES FRANZ, H. 1985. Neue und ungenügend bekannte Scydmaeniden (Coleoptera) aus Taiwan, Fukien und Thailand. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 74: 91-128. JALOSZYNSKI, P. 2002. First record of the genus Horaeomorphus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae) from Japan, with description of a new species. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 28: 223-232. JALOSZYNSKI, P. 2003. Taxonomical notes on Southeast Asiatic species of Horaeomorphus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae), with description of a new species from Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 29: 107-117. NEWTON, A. F. & FRANZ, H. 1998. World catalog of the genera of Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera). Koleopterologische Rundschau 68: 137-165. O’KEEFE, S. T. & Li, J. K. 1999. Review of the Scydmaenidae (Coleoptera) of eastern Asia, with particular reference to Scydmaenus, and description of the first scydmaenid from Hainan Island, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 106 (1998): 150-162. ~ Es er WERNE AN ERW si | co A) Zum rit ILES Laverne in je ‚Au deg pean m \ til wie! DMI de È LL, Ad u ana, I SR wi of # rs REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 791-850; décembre 2004 Falagriini, Deremini, Athetini e Thamiaraeini del Borneo (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)* Roberto PACE Via Vittorio Veneto, 13, 1-37032 Monteforte d’Alpone (Verona), Italia. E-mail: pace.ent@tiscali.it Falagriini, Deremini, Athetini and Thamiaraeini from Borneo (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Nine genera are new for Borneo, two of the Falagriini: Pheigetoxenus Kistner and Cordalia Jacobs; one of the Deremini: Demerinda Cameron; four of the Athetini: Emmelostiba Pace, Aloconota Thomson, Hydrosmecta Thomson and Berca Blackwelder; two of the Thamiaraeini: Gastropaga Bernhauer and Platorischna Pace. Sixty- six species are recognized, of which fifty-three are described as new. New synonymies are proposed for three species: Falagria densipennis Cameron, 1939 is a junior synonym of Falagria amabilis Cameron, 1933; Atheta bogorensis (Sawada, 1971) and Atheta mon Pace, 1992 are two junior synonyms of Atheta ocularis Cameron, 1929. New combinations are pro- posed for four species. All new species are illustrated and compared with similar looking species. Keys to almost all the species of the genera of the tribes mentioned above are presented. Keywords: Coleoptera - Staphylinidae - Aleocharinae - Falagriini - Deremini - Athetini, Thamiaraeini - taxonomy - Borneo. INTRODUZIONE Il presente lavoro & il risultato dello studio delle importantissime e abbondanti raccolte effettuate, nel corso delle spedizioni sul Monte Kinabalu e dintorni, dal Dott. Ales Smetana di Ottawa, dal Dott. Ivan Löbl e dal Dott. Daniel Burckhardt, questi due ultimi gia del museo di Storia Naturale di Ginevra. Sono integrate da alcuni esemplari raccolti dal defunto Prof. Herbert Franz di Mödling (Austria) e dal noto stafilinidologo Guillaume de Rougemont di Londra, da un piccolo lotto affidatomi dal Dott. Volker Assing di Hannover e da un esemplare del D.E.I di Eberswalde affidatomi dal Dr L. Perche: Questo materiale all’esame si & rivelato molto importante perche la fauna delle Aleocharinae del Borneo si arricchisce di nove generi, prima sconosciuti per questa Grande Isola, e di ben cinquantatré nuove specie. Gli olotipi delle nuove specie sono conservati nel Museo di Storia Naturale di Ginevra (MHNG), nell’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique di Bruxelles (IRSN), in collezione Franz al Naturhistorisches Museum di Vienna (NHMW) e nel Deutsches Entomologisches Institut di Eberswalde (DEN). * 1879 Contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae. Manoscritto accettato il 17.03.2004 792 R. PACE METODO L’attribuzione generica delle Aleocharinae del Borneo, come per ogni regione zoogeografica, è basata essenzialmente sulla forma delle parti boccali, particolarmente della ligula, e sulla formula tarsale. L'attribuzione specifica si basa principalmente sulla forma dell’edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e su quella dei suoi pezzi copula- tori interni. La spermateca presenta pure eccellenti caratteri differenziali piuttosto stabili. Per questo qui sono descritte specie anche se note su solo esemplari femmina. Le determinazioni sono state compiute mediante il confronto della forma del- l’edeago, spermateca e di altre parti anatomiche osservati al microscopio, talvolta a forte ingrandimento (450 x), con i disegni di edeago, spermateca e habitus delle specie a me note sui tipi o da me descritte in passato. Sono consapevole che i miei lavori da alcuni, ancora ancorati al passato, sono sottoposti a critica svalutativa a motivo della brevità delle descrizioni, limitate all’essenziale, vale a dire a quei caratteri, come la microscultura e la granulosità, non riproducibili graficamente con assoluta precisione con disegni a medio ingrandimento dell’habitus delle singole nuove specie, qui raffi- gurati per ogni specie, senza eccezione. Pongo l’accento che la parte illustrativa qui non è qualcosa di decorativo e trascurabile, ma la parte più importante delle brevi descrizioni, avendo la figura un linguaggio universale, comprensibile anche a coloro che non conoscono la lingua italiana. Le lunghe descrizioni dell’habitus e anche le chiavi di determinazione, sono rese superflue dalla visione dell’apparato illustrativo. È in tal modo possibile anche il riconoscimento senza problemi del & o della 2 scono- sciuti di una determinata specie. A. Kapp (1995) pur non essendo specialista di Aleocharinae, con la sola consultazione delle figure dell’edeago delle specie di Leptusa pubblicate in un mio lavoro (Pace, 1989), ha riconosciuto la 9 di Leptusa priesneri Pace, 1989, fino allora sconosciuta. Assing (2002) pubblicando l’edeago di una pretesa nuova specie di Leptusa (L. spoliata) della Turchia, ha permesso il riconoscimento sicuro che non è che una specie già descritta (L. gurgentepensis Pace), non riconosciuta forse per mancanza di attenta osservazione delle figure dell’edeago da me pubblicate (Pace, 1989). Quest'ultima sinonimia non sarebbe possibile in base alla sola descrizione della specie, anche se minuziosa e precisa. La convinzione dell’autore, come di quasi tutti gli entomologi moderni, è che un disegno anche se imperfetto sos- tituisce molto efficacemente una minuziosa e lunga descrizione ai fini di un riconosci- mento e affinità tassonomica delle specie, anzi le lunghissime descrizioni sono ritenute un inutile orpello se presenti figure precise, complete e di qualità. Il riconoscimento di una determinata specie, inoltre, ha una sicura conferma se il disegno della forma del- l’edeago e della spermateca è associato a quello dell’habitus, nel presente lavoro raffigurati per tutte le nuove specie. Mi rendo conto che questo metodo di impostazione del lavoro rappresenta una rottura rispetto alla tradizione delle minuziose e lunghe descrizioni che, nonostante la loro prolissità, non permettono un sicuro riconoscimento della maggior parte delle specie descritte, se non accompagnate da un disegno illustra- tivo o se non esaminate le serie tipiche. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 793 ELENCO DELLE SPECIE NOTE FALAGRIINI Falagria (Leptagria) pygmaea Kraatz, 1859 Falagria pygmaea Kraatz, 1859: 7 Falagria (Anaulacaspis) pygmaea: Cameron, 1939a: 258 3 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 485 m, 29.VIII.1988, leg. A.Smetana. DISTRIBUZIONE. Sri Lanka, India, Singapore. Nuova per il Borneo. Falagria (Leptagria) amabilis Cameron, 1933 Falagria (Anaulacaspis) amabilis Cameron, 1933a: 355 Falagria (Anaulacaspis) densipennis Cameron, 1939a: 256, syn. n. Falagria (Leptagria) densipennis: Pace, 1984: 428 4 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu River, 1520 m, 11.VII.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 3 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu Rv. trail, 1590 m, 5.VI- 11.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 6 es., Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, 485-495 m, 30.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 3 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. India, Birmania, Cina e Borneo. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) javanica Cameron, 1939 Falagria (Stenagria) javanica Cameron, 1939b: 4; Pace, 1986: 148 1 d, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana. DISTRIBUZIONE. Giava, Bali, Celebes e Sumatra (comparata con i tipi). Nuova per il Borneo. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) seminitens Cameron, 1933 Falagria (Stenagria) seminitens Cameron, 1933a: 356; Pace, 1986: 150 2 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 ©, Sabah, Poring, 9.1.1990, leg. G. de Rougemont. DISTRIBUZIONE. Malaysia, Bali, Giava, Sumatra e Borneo (comparata con l’holotypus). ATHETINI Emmelostiba pahangensis (Cameron, 1936), comb. n. Figg. 41-43 Atheta (s. str.) pahangensis Cameron, 1936: 51, nec Atheta pahangensis Likovski, 1983 (omon- imo) 1 3, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu,1750 m, 21.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Malaysia. Nuova per il Borneo (comparata con il tipo). Atheta (Microdota) ocularis Cameron, 1939 Atheta (Microdota) ocularis Cameron, 1939a: 327 Atheta (Ceritaxa) spinosa Scheerpeltz, 1962: 601, syn. n. Ischnopoda (Microdota) bogorensis Sawada, 1971: 72, syn. n. Atheta (Amidobia) bogorensis: Sawada 1974: 154 Atheta (Microdota) bogorensis: Sawada, 1980b: 353 Atheta (Microdota) mon Pace, 1992: 251, syn. n. 794 R. PACE 1 3, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1550 m, 12.VIIL.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 ?, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1505 m, 9.VI- II. 1988, leg. A. Smetana; 4 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, Langanan Falls, 900-950 m, 6-11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 d e 1 9, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1490 m, 5.VIII. 1988, leg. A. Smetana; 4 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. India, Cina, Thailandia, Vietnam, Borneo e Filippine (tipi esa- minati). Atheta (Microdota) putridula (Kraatz, 1859) Homalota putridula Kraatz, 1859: 35 Atheta (s. str.) putridula: Cameron, 1939a: 347 Atheta (Microdota) putridula: Sawada, 1980b: 351 1 2, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 510 m, 12.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 9, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.i1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 4, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Sri Lanka e Singapore. Nuova per il Borneo (tipi esaminati). Atheta (Acrotona) borneana Cameron, 1943 Atheta (Acrotona) borneana Cameron, 1943: 42 1 3, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Specie finora nota solo del Mt. Poi, Borneo (holotypus esami- nato). Atheta (Acrotona) horrida Cameron, 1933 Atheta (Acrotona) horrida Cameron, 1933a: 359; Sawada, 1980b: 346 6 es., Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 30.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 2 es., Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, HQ 1500 m, 25-30.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 2 es. Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1490 m, 3.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 16.V.1987, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1550 m, 4.1X.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 2 es., Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VIII-1.IX.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 5 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl.; 1 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Specie apparentemente endemica del Kinabalu (holotypus esaminato). Codoglossa morbida (Cameron, 1933) Atheta (Datomicra) morbida Cameron, 1933a: 359 Codoglossa morbida: Sawada, 1980a: 27 1 d e 1 ©, Borneo-Sabah, E Mt. Kinabalu, 1150 m, rte. Ranau-Kota Kinabalu, 24.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 9, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 9, Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1200 m, Km 63 r.te Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan, 19.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Specie finora nota solo del Tenompok Pass, presso il Mt. Kinabalu. Nel presente lavoro ho dimenticato di illustrare l’edeago, finora sconosciuto. Esso si distingue per essere di dimensioni ridottissime e assai stretto in visione ventrale. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 795 Pelioptera monticola Cameron, 1933 Pelioptera monticola Cameron, 1933a: 359, Sawada, 1980a: 55 3 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.1V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg.; 2 66,1 2, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 8-11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 es., Sabah, Crocker Range, 1550-1650 m, 16.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 ®, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1450-1550 m, 23.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 6, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu River, 1495 m, 23.V.1987, A. Smetana leg.; 1 9, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 430-510 m, 30.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 es., Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Layang Layang, 2600 m, 2-8.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 9, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., east base St. John’s PK, 3900 m, 8.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana. DISTRIBUZIONE. Specie finora nota solo del Borneo. Pelioptera opaca Kraatz, 1857 Pelioptera opaca Kraatz, 1857: 56; Cameron, 1939a: 418; Sawada, 1980a: 44; Pace, 1998a: 152 1 3, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.VIII.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 3, Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VII-1.[X.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 9, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ 1500 m, 30.IV-8.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana. DISTRIBUZIONE. Sri Lanka, India, Singapore, Cina, Vietnam. Nuova per il Borneo (tipi esaminati). Pelioptera sagadensis Pace, 1990 Pelioptera sagadensis Pace, 1990: 94 1 2, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d e 1 9, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.IV.-8.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d, Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VII-1.IX.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 2, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1580 m, 27.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 ¢, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 3 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 8.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 2, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1430 m, 22.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DISTRIBUZIONE. Specie finora nota solo delle Filippine e Vietnam. Nuova per il Borneo. ELENCO DELLE NUOVE SPECIE FALAGRINI 1. Pheigetoxenus borneensis sp. n. 2. Cordalia kinabaluensis sp. n. 3. Cordalia perdistincta sp. n. 4. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) brunei- 9. Gnypeta kinabaluensis sp. n. 10. Aloconota dimidiata sp. n. 11. Hydrosmecta pulchricolorata sp. n. 12. Atheta (Chaetida) antennaria sp. n. 13. Atheta (Acrotona) magnalamina sp. n. ensis Sp.n. 14. Atheta (Acrotona) muluensis sp. n. 5. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) para- 15. Atheta (Acrotona) rufoapicalis sp. n. nitens sp.n. 16. Atheta (Acrotona) thaymastocornis 6. Ischnopoda lyrafera sp. n. DEREMINI 7. Demerinda borneensis sp. n. ATHETINI 8. Gnypeta bruneiorum sp. n. sp. n. 17. Atheta (Acrotona) borneosuspiciosa sp. n. 18. Atheta (Acrotona) dilatatiapex sp. n. 19. Atheta (Acrotona) microfistula sp. n. 20. Atheta (Acrotona) inversitheca sp. n. 796 2] . Atheta (Microdota) semitaevagans R. PACE 37. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) omissa Sp. n. Sp. n. 22. Atheta (Microdota) taedafera sp. n. 38. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) burckhardti 23. Atheta (Microdota) stenomastaxoides sp. n. sp. n. 39. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) perinsolita 24. Atheta (Microdota) semiasymmetrica sp. n. sp. n. 40. Pelioptera (Tropimenelytron) longi- 25. Atheta (Microdota) microtheca sp. n. collis sp. n. 26 . Atheta (Poromicrodota) neamicrotheca sp. n. 41. Pelioptera(Tropimenelytron) necnil- giriensis Sp. n. 27. Atheta (Datomicra) bibulbosa sp. n. 28. Atheta (Dimetrota) ramifera sp. n. THAMIARAEINI 29. Atheta (Dimetrota) preludi sp. n. 42. Gastropaga muluicola sp. n. 30. Berca borneana sp. n. 43. Platorischna montana sp. n. 31. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) seminuda 44. Platorischna borneensis sp. n. sp. n. 45. Platorischna assingi sp. n. 32 38 34 35 . Pelioptera (Pelioptera) ics sp. n. . Pelioptera (Pelioptera) longearmata sp. n. . Pelioptera (Pelioptera) irigaster sp. n. . Pelioptera (Pelioptera) stenopaca . Platorischna muluensis sp. n. . Platorischna pusilla sp. n. . Platorischna pseudopusilla sp. n. . Platorischna bicochlea sp. n. . Platorischna lambirensis sp. n. sp. n. S1. Platorischna kinabaluensis sp. n. 36. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) borneopaca 52. Platorischna longipennis sp. n. sp. n. 53. Platorischna fontium sp. n. DESCRIZIONI Pheigetoxenus borneensis sp. n. Figg. 1-6 Holotypus 3, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Por[ing] H[ot] S[prings], area Eastern Ridge Tr., 1000 m, 28.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,1 mm. Corpo lucido con elitre opache, parte restante del corpo lucida. Corpo rossiccio, con elitre bruno-rossicce; antenne e zampe giallo- rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo è ombelicata e distinta. Il pronoto presenta una rugosità mediana. La punteggiatura delle elitre è poco distinta. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è vigorosa. Il capo presenta una concavità frontale. Edeago figg. 2-3, labio con palpo labiale, sesto urotergo libero del d fig. 5, mento fig. 6 COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è affine a P. alzadae Kistner, 1983, di Sumatra. Se ne distingue per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. 1 Nono antennomero trasverso; capo senza concavità frontale; sesto uro- tergo libero con 14 spine al margine posteriore; parte apicale dell’ede- ago non sinuata ventralmente. Sumatra P. alzadae Kistner - Nono antennomero più lungo che largo; capo presentante una concavità frontale; sesto urotergo libero con 8 spine al margine posteriore; parte apicale dell’edeago sinuata ventralmente P. borneensis sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 797 0,1 mm \) \ FIGG. 1-6 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale, labio con palpo labiale, sesto urotergo libero del d e mento. 1-6: Pheigetoxenus borneensis sp. n. 1 Ninth antennomere transverse; head without frontal concavity; sixth free uro- tergite with 14 thorns to the posterior margin; apical portion of the aedeagus not sinuatesventraliyà Sumatra a aa nea ean eee P. alzadae Kistner Ninth antennomere longer than wide; head with a frontal concavity; sixth free urotergite with 8 thorns to the posterior margin; apical portion of the aedeagus SQUARE EIER RER EEE RE P. borneensis sp. n. 798 R. PACE Cordalia kinabaluensis sp. n. Figg. 7-10 Holotypus d, Sabah, Kinabalu N.P., 29.X.1990, leg. G de Rougemont (MRSN). Paratypi: 3 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1490 m, 3.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 7 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1490-1520 m, 10-11.VIIL.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 490 m, 31.VII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 4, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 es., Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 30.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,4 mm. Corpo lucidissimo e bruno-rossiccio; antenne bruno-rossicce con base dell’antennomero basale e l’undicesimo giallo-rossicci; zampe rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo è molto svanita e quella del pronoto e delle elitre è indistinta. Una granulosità saliente è presentata solo sui quattro uroterghi liberi, quella sul quinto urotergo libero è superficiale. Il corpo è coperto di pubescenza irta e lunga. Edeago figg. 8-9, spermateca fig. 10 COMPARAZIONI. La nuove specie si distingue dalle specie note per avere l’intro- flessione apicale del bulbo distale della spermateca in posizione asimmetrica. Per altri caratteri vedere la chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Cordalia posta dopo la descrizione di C. perdistincta sp. n. Cordalia perdistincta sp. n. Figg. 11-14 Holotypus d, Sabah, M. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 30.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 d e 1 2, stessa provenienza dell’holotypus; 1 2, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, 485 m, 29.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 2, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 ©, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 5 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,1 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio, con capo e addome bruni; antenne brune con i tre antennomeri basali rossicci e l’undicesimo giallo-rossiccio; zampe giallo-rossicce. L’avancorpo è privo di punteggiatura e granu- losità distinte, l'addome è coperto di granulosita che è più saliente sugli uroterghi liberi anteriori che su quelli posteriori. Il pronoto presenta una profonda depressione mediana posteriore. Edeago figg. 13-14. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Molto distinta» dalle specie borneensi note. COMPARAZIONI. La nuove specie si distingue dalle specie note per avere il primato della lunghezza dell’introflessione apicale del bulbo distale della spermateca. Il genere Cordalia Jacobs, 1925, finora era sconosciuto per il Borneo (Hammond, 1984). La nuova specie si distingue dalla precedente per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL GENERE CORDALIA JACOBS 1 Corpo uniformemente bruno-rossiccio; occhi più lunghi delle tempie; antennomeri secondo e terzo bruno-rossicci; pronoto più lungo che largo, con solco mediano profondo; edeago con angolo ventrale presso la «crista apicalis» che è presente; introflessione apicale del bulbo dis- tale della spermateca profonda. Lungh. 2,4 mm ....... C. kinabaluensis sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 799 0,1 mm 0,1 mm 10 11 Ficc. 7-11. Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 7-10: Cordalia kina- baluensis sp. n.; 11: Cordalia perdistincta sp. n. = Capo e addome bruni, pronoto ed elitre bruno-rossicci; Occhi più corti delle tempie; antennomeri secondo e terzo rossicci; pronoto piü largo che lungo, con profonda depressione posteriore nel d ; edeago senza an- golo ventrale presso la «crista apicalis» che è assente; introflessione api- cale del bulbo distale della spermateca molto profonda. Lungh. 2,1 mm. C. perdistincta sp. n. OU UDO DO Wie Go] o) OU oO ONO OO DOGO Oo TO OO ONOIO 00 015,010.60 0 610 0 6) ONU 800 R. PACE 0,1 mm 0,1 mm FIGG. 12-17 Habitus e edeago in visione laterale e ventrale. 12-14: Cordalia perdistincta sp. n.; 15-17: Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) bruneiensis sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 801 KEY TO BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CORDALIA JACOBS 1 Body uniformly brown-reddish; eyes longer than the temples; second and third antennomeres brown-reddish; pronotum longer than wide, with deep median furrow; aedeagus angulate ventrally angle near the «crista apicalis» that is present; apical introflexion of the distal bulb of the spermatheca deep. Length DA: ID ee Re > BAI se cine is oa wins Dia LEE Meds ices C. kinabaluensis sp. n. - Head and abdomen brown, pronotum and elytra brown-reddish; eyes shorter than the temples; second and third antennomeres reddish; pronotum wider than long, with deep posterior depression in the d ; aedeagus not angulate ventrally near the «crista apicalis» that is absent; apical introflexion of the distal bulb of the spermatheca very deep. Length 2.1 mm.................. C. perdistincta sp. n. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) paranitens sp. n. Figg. 15-17 Holotypus ¢, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat.Pk, HQ, 1500 m, 30.IV-8.V.1987, int. trap, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 4,2 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno con base delle elitre e primo urotergo libero gialli; margine posteriore del secondo urotergo libero rossiccio; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali e i due terminali giallo-rossicci; zampe brune con tibie e tarsi giallo-rossicci. La punteggiatura del capo e del pronoto é estremamente fine. La granulosità delle elitre e dell’addome è fine e fitta. L’intero corpo è privo di reticolazione. Il pronoto presenta un solco mediano profondo. Edeago figg. 16-17. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Vicina a E. nitens». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta da tutte quelle orientali per avere l’edeago ricurvo al lato ventrale. Per altri caratteri distintivi vedere la chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Falagria posta dopo la descrizione di F. bruneiensis sp. n. Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) bruneiensis sp. n. Figg. 18-20 Holotypus dg, Borneo, Brunei, HW Temburong, Kuala Belalong KBFSC, 10.11.1995, leg. Borcherdingh (IRSN). DESCRIZIONE. Lung. 3,5 mm. Pronoto opaco, resto del corpo lucido. Corpo bruno-rossiccio, con urotergo libero primo giallo; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali di un giallo sporco e i tre terminali giallo-rossicci; zampe brune con tarsi ed estremità distale delle tibie rossicci e base dei femori posteriori gialla. La granulosità del capo è fine e confusa, quella del pronoto è fittissima e distinta, quella delle elitre è finissima e quella dell’addome è superficiale. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è netta, quella delle elitre è assente e quella dell’addome è superficiale. Il pronoto pre- senta una larga depressione mediana nel cui fondo un solco si estingue distante dal margine anteriore dello stesso pronoto. Edeago figg. 19-20. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie si distingue dalla precedente e dalle altre specie del Borneo per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL GENERE FALAGRIA LEACH, 1819 1 Scutello carenato o solcato, Subgen. Myrmecocephalus Macleay, 1873...... 3 - Scutello non come sopra, Subgen. Leptagria Casey, 1906 .......... ..... 2 802 ONU R. PACE Decimo antennomero subquadrato; capo e pronoto bruno-rossicci; sper- mateca corta, con bulbo distale rigonfio e con bulbo prossimale sferico. Lungh. 2,4 mm. Sri Lanka e Borneo: Fort de Kock ...... F. subrugosa Kraatz Decimo antennomero più lungo che largo; capo bruno e pronoto bruno- rossiccio; spermateca lunga, con bulbo distale lievemente arcuato e con bulbo prossimale descrivente un arco. Lungh. 2,7 mm. Borneo: Mt. Gina AUR eee sae, „alas Lorient DIRE Re na F. amabilis Cameron Pronoto largsamente incavato'.. "MEME E EEE 4 BÉONOLOICONVESSO LS 4... mess +. mer LIRE ETRE 5 Incavatura del pronoto solo sulla parte posteriore. Lungh. 2,0 mm. BomeogMt PO 7 1. ty. ione RR F. mixta Cameron Incavatura del pronoto estesa dal margine anteriore al posteriore. Lungh. SESIA OTO BIMESTRALE EN F. bruneiensis sp. n. Corpo uniformemente bruno-rossiccio. Lungh. 3,1 mm. Borneo: Kina- baluMenompotariat it Sul LUMI OL Td. ER F. sparsipennis Cameron Corpo bicolore, con base delle elitre e dell'addome giallo-rossiccia........ 6 Solouliprimourotergo liberovè giallor. COM RR RR PI VI Urotershi liberi primo'e:secondo*gialli We PRE PRE RE 8 Lati del pronoto sinuati davanti agli angoli posteriori; edeago con un’es- pansione a ciascun lato. Lungh. 3,1 mm. Giava, Sumatra, Borneo: SGT OYUN LS Saeed ear Sn rer AN ee ri F. seminitens Cameron Lati del pronoto sinuati davanti agli angoli posteriori; edeago senza es- pansioni laterali. Lungh. 4,2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu . ..... F. paranitens sp. n. Il solco mediano del pronoto non raggiunge il margine anteriore. Lungh. Sin Ss Oreos Mts Dulit?. 2). 248 Bi RI F. monticola Cameron Il solco mediano del pronoto esteso dal margine anteriore al posteriore. Eunsh28amm.Borneo:; Kenokok.. ie F. proxima Cameron KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS FALAGRIA LEACH, 1819 N! m Scutellum carinate or sulcate, Subgen. Myrmecocephalus Macleay, 1873.......... 3 Scutellum not as above, Subgen. Leptagria\Casey, 1906... 5:24.42), EEE RER 2 Tenth antennomere subsquared; head and pronotum brown-reddish; spermathe- ca short, with distal bulb hypertrophic and with proximal bulb spherical. Length 245mm» Srilanka ‘and Borneo: Fort de Kock 7.2. 2.2 1 msn F. subrugosa Kraatz Tenth antennomere longer than wide; head brown and pronotum brown-reddish; spermatheca long with distal bulb slightly arched and with proximal bulb forming an arch. Length 2.7 mm. Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu........ F. amabilis Cameron Pronotum: widelyrdepressed.. . ...... oe cee ees wee ae ae See 4 Pronotumyconvex’. va. 22 eye. LU Ne N PE EEE 5 Pronotum depressed only on posterior portion. Length 2.0 mm. Borneo: Mt. Pochi.jitc are at ech einen ie alare Fre F. mixta Cameron Pronotum depressed on entire length. Length 3.5 mm. Borneo: Brunei EEE NR ches ann oe LER See ee ake e re RECETTE F. bruneiensis sp. n. Body brown-reddish uniformly. Length 3.1 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu, Tenompota BE E e DELETE F. sparsipennis Cameron Body bicoloured, with base of elytra and abdomen yellow-reddish ............... 6 Onlyitheifirst free urotergite yellow. otto. AES SERIES eee eee I Firstiand'second freeiurotersites yellow 2. ere CNE Series SEE 8 FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 803 Fico. 18-23 Habitus e edeago in visione laterale e ventrale. 18-20: Falagria (Myrmecocephalus) paranitens sp. n.; 21-23: Ischnopoda lyrafera sp. n. 804 R. PACE 7 Sides of the pronotum sinuate in front of the posterior angles; aedeagus expan- ded laterally. Length 3.1 mm. Giava, Sumatra, Borneo: Kinabalu F. seminitens Cameron - Sides of the pronotum not sinuate in front of the posterior angles; aedeagus with- out lateral expansions. Length 4.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu........ F. paranitens Sp. n. 8 The median furrow of the pronotum not reaching the anterior border. Length 3Simm&Bomeo: Me Dulitfeee a Sala Se ae ee F. monticola Cameron - The median furrow of the pronotum extended on entire length. Length 2.3 mm. BomeoaKenokok... Miei. ii ee Cr F. proxima Cameron Ischnopoda lyrafera sp. n. Figg. 21-23 Holotypus d, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,4 mm. Corpo lucido e nero-bruno; antenne nero-brune con antennomero basale rossiccio; zampe bruno-rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo è fine e distinta, quella dell'addome è grossolana, fitta e distinta nel fondo dei solchi trasversi basali dei tre uroterghi liberi basali. La granulosità del pronoto è molto superficiale e quella delle elitre è distinta. Assente è la reticolazione sul corpo. Edeago figg. 22-23. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Portatrice di lira» a motivo di una parte dell’armatura genitale interna dell’edeago a forma di lira, in visione ventrale. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie si distingue da quelle note del Borneo per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL GENERE /SCHNOPODA STEPHENS, 1835 1 Corpo uniformemente nero-bruno; antennomeri intermedi trasversi. une, 235mm Bormeo Kinabalu). . E a ae I. lyrafera sp. n. - Corpo bruno, con scutello o base e margine posteriore del pronoto gialli o giallo-rossicci; antennomeri intermedi pit lunghi che larghi............ 2 2 I tre antennomeri basali giallo-rossicci; pronoto con fovea mediana posteriore; elitre lunghe quanto il pronoto. Lungh. 2,5 mm. Borneo: Mt. DUST? A RSR CRAN |, CA EA mere I. asperata (Cameron), comb. n. (olim Tachyusa asperata Cameron, 1928) - I tre antennomeri basali bruni; pronoto con depressione mediana; elitre lievemente più lunghe del pronoto. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Borneo: Mt. Matang e RT: re er en a EN RU I. opaca (Bernhauer), comb. n. (olim Tachyusa opaca Bernhauer, 1915) KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS /SCHNOPODA STEPHENS, 1835 1 Body black-brown uniformly; intermediary antennomeres transverse. Lenght 2. 31mm. Bormeo: Kinabalu' 2. 160 8 EEE I. lyrafera sp. n. - Body brown, with scutellum or anterior and posterior margin of the pronotum yellow or yellow-reddish; intermediary antennomeres longer than wide........... 2 2 The three basal antennomeres yellow-reddish; pronotum with posterior median fovea; elytra as long as pronotum. Lenght 2.5 mm. Borneo: Mt. Dulit A E ee etre cee a ica I. asperata (Cameron), comb. n. (olim Tachyusa asperata Cameron, 1928) FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 805 = The three basal antennomeres brown; pronotum with median depression; elytra slightly longer than pronotum. Lenght 2.6 mm. Borneo: Mt. Matang ee EEE TO bial ee I. opaca (Bernhauer), comb. n. (olim Tachyusa opaca Bernhauer, 1915) Gnypeta bruneiorum sp. n. Figg. 24-25 Holotypus ©, Borneo, Brunei, HW Temburong, Kuala Belalong KBFSC, 10.11.1995, leg. Borcherdingh (IRSN). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,8 mm. Corpo lucido e nero-bruno con base dell’addome bruno-rossiccia; antenne nere con i due antennomeri basali di un giallo sporco; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è distinta solo all’indietro, sul resto della superficie del capo si trova una punteggiatura molto fine e molto evanescente. La punteggiatura del pronoto è poco ben visibile, quella delle elitre è distinta. La granulosità dell'addome è confinata solo sulla metà posteriore di ciascun urotergo libero. Il capo presenta un evidente solco mediano frontale e il pronoto ha una fossetta mediana posteriore evidente. Spermateca. fig. 25. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie si distingue dalle altre specie del genere per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella la chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Gnypeta Thomson, 1858 posta dopo la descrizione di G. kinabaluensis sp. n. Gnypeta kinabaluensis sp. n. Figg. 26-29 Holotypus ©, Sabah, Poring Hot Spring, 9.III.1990, leg. G. de Rougemont (IRSN). Paratypi: 2 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 4 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 10 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 486-510 m, 14-30.VIII.1987, leg. Brighit & Smetana; 1 9, Sabah, Danum Valley F.S., 85 km W Lahad Datu, 100 m, 23.VIIL.1988, leg. Brighit & Smetana. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,8 mm. Avancorpo debolmente opaco, addome lucido. Corpo nero-bruno con i due uroterghi liberi basali giallo-bruni; antenne bruno-rossicce con i tre antennomeri basali e l’undicesimo giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle con femori medi e posteriori giallo-bruni. L’avancorpo è coperto di granulosità fittissima. L’addome presenta reticolazione distinta e granulosità fine e meno fitta di quella del- l’avancorpo. Edeago figg. 27-28, spermateca fig. 26. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie si distingue da quelle note del Borneo e dalla nuova sopra descritta per la forma dell’edeago e della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL GENERE GNYPETA THOMSON, 1858 1 Capo nero; pronoto e base dell’addome giallo-rossicci; Lungh. 3,0 mm. Bomeoszgkinabalit: gn. rt PRIE hi G. abdominalis Cameron = CApose Pronotomero=brumitagae wos see es N TIT 2 2 Fronte solcata; fossetta trasversa basale del pronoto; base dell’addome bruno-rossiccia; bulbo distale della spermateca assai trasverso. Lungh. SN IBOMEO BUTERA ONT ee G. bruneiorum sp. n. - Fronte senza solco; assenza di fossetta basale trasversa del pronoto; base dell’addome giallo-bruna; bulbo distale della spermateca ovale allun- gato. Lungh. 2,9 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ............ G. kinabaluensis sp. n. 806 R. PACE 0,1 mm 29 1 mm 27 28 Fico. 24-29 Habitus, spermateca e edeago in visione laterale e ventrale. 24-25: Gnypeta bruneiorum sp. n.; 26-29: Gnypeta kinabaluensis sp. n. KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS GNYPETA THOMSON, 1858 1 Head black; pronotum and base of the abdomen yellow-reddish; Length 3.0 mm. BormeoKanabalal: a VE OOO, SOL U ALI ee G. abdominalis Cameron FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 807 2 Forehead furrowed; basal fovea of the pronotum transverse; base of the abdomen brown-reddish; distal bulb of the spermatheca a great deal transverse. Wengthe2.6 mm. BomeoHBrunei. RE ee Ce. LE G. bruneiorum sp. n. = Forehead without furrow; transverse basal fovea of the pronotum absent; base of the abdomen yellow-brown; distal bulb of the spermatheca lengthened oval. wenciny2-9 mi. Borneo; Kinabalu! n G. kinabaluensis sp. n. Demerinda borneensis sp. n. Figg. 30-32 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat.Pk., HQ Liwagu Rv. Tr., 1520 m, 11.VI- 11.1988, A. Smetana leg. (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Corpo lucido e rossiccio, con elitre brune, tranne la base che é rossiccia; addome giallo-rossiccio con uroterghi liberi quarto e base del quinto rossicci; antenne di un giallo sporco, con i due antennomeri basali e l’apice dell’undicesimo gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fitta e svanita, quella del pronoto è assente. La granulosità del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è fine e quella degli uroterghi liberi è saliente solo alla base di ciascuno. Il pronoto presenta due fossette posteriori laterali e un appiattimento mediano posteriore tra esse. Edeago figg. 31-32. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Demerinda Cameron, 1927, è nuovo per il Borneo. La nuova specie per la forma dell’edeago è affine a D. hongkongensis Pace, 1998a, di Hong Kong. Se ne distingue per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. 1 Capo nero, pronoto bruno-rossiccio; edeago profondamente sinuato presso la «crista apicalis» che è ben sviluppata; flagello dell’ armatura genitale interna dell’edeago, corto. Lungh. 3,2 mm. Hong Kong o 0900 Se RI AEREO I E QU D. hongkongensis Pace - Capo e pronoto rossicci; edeago senza profonda sinuosità ventrale presso la «crista apicalis» che non è sviluppata; flagello dell’armatura genitale interna dell’edeago, lunghissima. Lungh. 2,2 mm . D. borneensis sp. n. 1 Head black, pronotum brown-reddish; aedeagus deeply sinuate near the well developed «crista apicalis»; flabellum of the internal genital armature of the aedeagus short. Length 3.2 mm. Hong Kong ............... D. hongkongensis Pace = Head and pronotum reddish; aedeoagus without deep ventral sinuosity near the obsolete «crista apicalis»; flabellum of the internal genital armature of the dedeasustlonsalensch 22mm I ee ee D. borneensis sp. n. Aloconota dimidiata sp. n. Figg. 33-34 Holotypus 9, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Liwagu Riv. Tr., 1495 m, 12.VIIL.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 3,8 mm. Corpo lucido, con avancorpo bruno e addome giallo-rossiccio; antenne nero-brune con antennomero basale e apice e base del secondo giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La granulositä del capo & indistinta, quella del pronoto e delle elitre & estremamente superficiale e quella dell’addome è svanita. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è svanita e quella del quinto urotergo libero è distinta. Spermateca fig. 34. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Dimezzata», a motivo del colore dell’avancorpo molto differente da quello dell’addome. 808 R. PACE 34 Fico. 30-35 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 30-32: Demerinda borneensis sp. n.; 33-34: Aloconota dimidiata sp. n.; 35: Hydrosmecta pulchricolorata sp. n. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Aloconota Thomson, 1858, è nuovo per il Borneo. Per l’habitus e per la forma della spermateca può essere affine ad A. connexa (Cameron, 1939a), comb. n. (olim Atheta (Metaxya) connexa Cameron, 1939a, tipi esaminati) dell’India. Se ne distingue per la parte prossimale della spermateca descrivente spire (senza spire in connexa). FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 809 Hydrosmecta pulchricolorata sp. n. Figg. 35-40 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Liwagu River, 1495 m, 13.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 2 dd e 4 2 2, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Liwagu River, 1495 m, 13.VIII.1988 e 21.V.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, area Kipungit CRK, 1530 m, 26.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu Rv. tr., 1655 m, 11.VIII.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 17 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu,1750 m, 27.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 4 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, Langanan Falls, 900-950 m, 12-14.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,7 mm. Corpo lucido e rossiccio, con capo ed elitre bruno-rossicce, addome bruno con i due uroterghi liberi basali e il pigidio gialli; antenne brune con il primo antennomero basale e l’undicesimo gialli, il secondo e il terzo sono giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine e fitta. La granulosità del pronoto e delle elitre è fine e molto superficiale. Il pronoto presenta un debole e largo solco mediano. Edeago figg. 36-37, spermateca fig. 38, labio con palpo labiale fig. 39. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Hydrosmecta Thomson, 1858, è nuovo per il Borneo. Per la forma della spermateca, la nuova specie sembra affine a H. rougemonti Pace, 1998a, della Cina. Se ne distingue per avere il bulbo distale della spermateca non dilatato e l’edeago stretto nella regione intermedia, in visione ventrale, (quello di rougemonti assai dilatato). Atheta (Chaetida) antennaria sp. n. Figg. 44-47 Kleistoglossa antennaria Pace, in litteris Holotypus 4, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 435 m, 30.VIIL.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 d e 1 ©, stessa provenienza. DescRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno con gli uroterghi liberi terzo e quarto nero-bruni; antenne nero-brune con primo antennomero basale di un giallo sporco, secondo e undicesimo giallo-bruni; zampe giallo-rossicce. La pun- teggiatura del capo è fitta e superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto, delle elitre e dell’addome è fine e saliente. La reticolazione del capo è assente, quella del pronoto è estremamente evanescente. Edeago figg. 45-46, spermateca fig. 47. COMPARAZIONI. Il sottogenere Chaetida Mulsant & Rey,1874, è nuovo per il Borneo. Per la forma dell’edeago, la nuova specie è simile ad A. drescheri Cameron, 1939b, di Giava, di cui ho esaminato l’holotypus d. La nuova specie se ne distingue per avere l’edeago più ricurvo al lato ventrale, il pronoto più trasverso e il quarto antennomero lungo quanto largo (più lungo che largo in drescheri il cui esemplare holotypus manca degli antennomeri dal quinto all’undicesimo). Atheta (Acrotona) magnalamina sp. n. Figg. 48-51 Holotypus 4, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 27.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 3 es., stessa provenienza. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,9 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio, con i tre uro- terghi liberi basali gialli e con il margine posteriore bruno sugli uroterghi liberi 810 R. PACE FIGG. 36-43 Edeago in visione laterale e ventrale, spermateca sesto urotergo libero del d, labio con palpo labiale e habitus. 36-40: Hydrosmecta pulchricolorata sp. n.; 41-43: Emmelostiba pahangensis (Cameron, 1936), comb. n. secondo e terzo; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali rossicci; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo e del pronoto è fitta e superficiale, quella delle elitre e dell'addome è distinta. La reticolazione del capo è estremamente evanescente, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è assente e quella dell’addome è trasversa e distinta. Edeago figg. 48-49, spermateca fig. 50. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Grande lamina», quella dell’ armatura genitale interna dell’edeago. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 811 VIAN \ E 50 FIGG. 44-51 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 44-47: Atheta (Chaetida) antennar- ia sp. n.; 48-51: Atheta (Acrotona) magnalamina sp. n. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. 812 R. PACE Atheta (Acrotona) muluensis sp. n. Figg. 52-55 Holotypus d, Sarawak Borneo, Mulu Nat. Park, leg. Franz (NHMW). Paratypi: 1 dé, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, HQ 1500 m, 17-23.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 4, Borneo-Sabah, E Mt. Kinabalu, 1150 m, rte. Ranau-Kota Kinabalu, 24.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-bruno, elitre giallo-brune con base di un giallo sporco; antenne nero-brune con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto è svanita, quella delle elitre è assai fitta e quella dell'addome è fine. Edeago figg. 53-54, spermateca fig. 55. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. Atheta (Acrotona) rufoapicalis sp. n. Figg. 56-58 Holotypus ¢, Sabah, Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Spring, 26.X.1990, from rotten tarap fruit (Artocarpus sp.), leg. G. de Rougemont (IRSN). Paratypi: 1 4, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu Rv. trail, 1520 m, 11.VI- 11.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 4, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 30.VI- IL.1988, leg. A. Smetana. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,7 mm. Avancorpo debolmente lucido, addome lucido. Corpo giallo-bruno con capo bruno e addome giallo-rossiccio; antenne brune con il primo antennomero basale e l’undicesimo giallo-rossicci, il secondo e il terzo bruno- rossicci; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è saliente ai lati e molto superficiale sul disco, quella del pronoto è fine e poco saliente e quella delle elitre è quasi indistinta. Solo sulle elitre è presente una reticolazione che è evanescente. Edeago figg. 57-58. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «All’apice rossiccia», per avere l'undicesimo antennomero giallo-rossiccio. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. Atheta (Acrotona) thaymastocornis sp. n. Figg. 59-61 Holotypus d, Borneo, Brunei, Ricus Temburong, Kuala Belalong KBFSC, 4.V.1995, Borcherding leg. (IRSN). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Corpo lucido e di un giallo sporco, base ed apice dell’addome gialli; antenne nere con il primo antennomero basale giallo, il secondo di un giallo sporco e l’undicesimo rossiccio; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è poco saliente, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è evidente e fine e quella dell’addome è fitta. Edeago figg. 60-61. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Antenne mirabili». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 813 Fıcc. 52-61 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 52-55: Atheta (Acrotona) muluensis sp. n.; 56-58: Atheta (Acrotona) rufoapicalis sp. n., 59-61: Atheta (Acrotona) thaymastocornis Sp. n. 814 R. PACE Atheta (Acrotona) borneosuspiciosa sp. n. Figg. 62-65 Holotypus d, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Liwagu River, 1490 m, 10.VIIL.1988, A. Smetana leg. (MHNG). Paratypus: 1 2, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.IV.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno pece; antenne nero pece con i due antennomeri basali bruno-rossicci; zampe di un giallo sporco. La granulosità del capo è estremamente superficiale, quella del pronoto è molto svanita, quella delle elitre è distinta e quella dell'addome è saliente e meno fitta di quella delle elitre. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è distinta e quella del- l’addome è trasversa e molto evanescente, assente sul quinto urotergo libero. Edeago figg. 63-64, spermateca fig. 65. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Afheta suspiciosa del Borneo», avendo spermateca simile a quella di A. suspiciosa dell’India. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. Atheta (Acrotona) dilatatiapex sp. n. Figg. 66-69 Holotypus d, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Liwagu River, 1490 m, 3.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg. (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 9, stessa provenienza; 1 2, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, area Eastern Ridge Tr., 850 m, 28.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d, Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1270 m, Km 60 r.te Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan, 17.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 3 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 dé, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 6.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 2 es., Borneo-Sabah, E Mt. Kinabalu, 1150 m, rte. Ranau-Kota Kinabalu, 24.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,7 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-rossiccio; antenne brune con 1 due antennomeri basali gialli, il terzo e l’undicesimo giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è svanita. La granulosità del pronoto è fine e distinta, quella delle elitre è evanescente e quella dell’addome è saliente e fitta sui due uroterghi liberi basali e rada sui tre restanti e contigui. La reticolazione del capo, del pronoto e dell’addome è assente, quella delle elitre è evidente. Edeago figg. 67-68, spermateca fig. 69. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Apice dilatato», quello dell’edeago, in visione ventrale. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. Atheta (Acrotona) microfistula sp. n. Figg. 70-72 Holotypus d, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 27.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 2 G d, Borneo Sabah, M. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 30.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno pece, con capo, pronoto, base dell’addome e pigidio bruni; antenne nero-brune con i due antennomeri basali FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 815 x 5 nn SE e: Ae AI N li TRES a [A] Im? inca I Say ty UN fy D ' \ 1 fr UNITI) DALLA à KE ye VI rad [PANIER 1 I st A) D TE nf HA a Bo: uk gr a ‘ oF gi aR 3: died >T prc ET ie oe Ù FIGG. 62-69 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 62-65: Atheta (Acrotona) borneo- suspiciosa sp. n.; 66-69: Atheta (Acrotona) dilatatiapex sp. n. giallo-bruni; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è distinta e diradata sulla fronte, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è saliente e quella dell'addome è distinta, più fitta sui tre uroterghi liberi basali. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è distinta e quella dell’addome è presente solo sui due uroterghi liberi basali dove è anche trasversa. Edeago figg. 71-72. 816 R. PACE DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Tubo microscopico», quello dell’armatura genitale interna dell’edeago. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- teri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Acrotona Thomson, 1859, posta dopo la descrizione di A. inversitheca sp. n. Atheta (Acrotona) inversitheca sp. n. Figg.73-74 Holotypus d, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Mempening trail, 1600 m, 17.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DEscRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Corpo lucido e rossiccio, con capo ed elitre bruno-rossicci, addome giallo-rossiccio; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali di un giallo sporco; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine e poco distinta, quel- la delle elitre è distinta. La granulosità del pronoto è saliente, quella dell’addome è fine. La reticolazione del capo è superficiale, quella del pronoto è svanita, quella delle elitre è distinta e quella dell’addome è evidente solo alla base degli uroterghi liberi terzo e quarto dove è molto trasversa. Spermateca fig. 74. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Spermateca inversa». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie e le precedenti del sottogenere Acrotona si dis- tinguono dalle note del Borneo per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. L’holotypus ® di A. bryanti Cameron, 1943 e il lectotypus d (da me designato) di A. borneana Cameron, 1943, sono stati da me esaminati. A. horrida Cameron, 1933a, è stata esam- inata e illustrata da Sawada (1980b), A. mjobergi Cameron, 1928 è stata trasferita al genere Borneoxenia Pace, 1993. CHIAVE DEI d d DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DI ATHETA DEL SOTTOGENERE ACROTONA i Corpo uniformemente giallo-rossiccio o bruno pece .................... 2 - Corpo bicolore oitricolore cy. ...- + ren EE 5 2 Corpo giallo-rossiccio; undicesimo antennomero giallo-rossiccio in contrasto con i precedenti antennomeri bruni; elitre larghe quanto il pronoto; metà apicale dell’edeago rettilinea in visione laterale. Lungh. ]Wamm concave, in lateral view. Length 2.6 mm. Borneo: Brunei . . . . A. thaymastocornis sp. n. 6 Fore-body bicoloured, pitchy brown and brown; apical portion of the aedeagus straight, in lateral view. Length 1.8 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu...... A. microfistula sp. n. - Fore-body brown-reddish or yellow-brown, unicoloured ....................... 1 7 Base of the abdomen reddish; fifth free urotergite densely pubescent; aedeagus slender and narrowed apically. Length 1.9 mm. Borneo: Mt. Pais Re Sh GEA RES LES A EL LAD PALER aR LEER SEO CAPE st A. borneana Cameron - Base of the abdomen yellow; fifth free urotergite covered with thin pubescence; aedeagus widened apically. Length 1.9 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu . . A. magnalamina sp. n. KEY TO THE $ 2 OF THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF ATHETA OF THE SUBGENUS ACROTONA 1 Body uniformly yellow-reddish or pitchy brown... "CUITE 2 - Body bicolouted'. .. .-- ce ccc soe eee oes eee ele 0 ee LEE L ELLE 4 2 Body pitchy brown; spermatheca well developed in length, with proximal por- tion forming an ample coil and a half. Length 2.6 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu toile «ots, Hokie “oar ee fn de pps RO MORT A. borneosuspiciosa sp. n. - Body yellow-reddish; spermatheca less developed in length, with proximal portion forming a nartow coil’... 5 « + +» x... E 3 3 Tenth and eleventh antennomeres brown-reddish; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca absent. Length 1.7 mm. Borneo: Mt. Pais . A. bryanti Cameron - Eleventh antennomere yellow-reddish in contrast with the preceeding brown antennomere; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca present. Bensth2lf7. mm. Borneo-Kinabalunaeer. ers ee ee A. dilatatiapex sp. n. 4 Abdomen dirty yellow or yellow-reddish, unicoloured ........................ 5 - Abdomenbicoloured£#1.:. 186 ONE RENE 6 SÌ Elytra bicoloured, brown with base yellow; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca narrow and deep. Length 1.8 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu, Mulu N.P. IR nie ep SH OE CI à 9 3 0 A. muluensis sp. n. - Elytra unicoloured; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca wide. Ten eh2:0/mmyBornceo:Kinabalu*%* re eee A. inversitheca sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 819 6 Pronotum very transverse; pubescence of the fifth free urotergite dense; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca small. Length 1.9 mm. Borneo: IMI: TEENS Sie e RR. cB A. borneana Cameron = Pronotum slightly transverse; pubescence of the fifth free urotergite sparse; apical umbilicus of the distal bulb of the spermatheca large. Length 1.9 mm. Bomeo=Kinabalufr. 2... et ee eet A. magnalanima sp. n. Atheta (Microdota) semitaevagans sp. n. Figg. 75-77 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinab[alu] N.P., Por[ing] H[ot] S[prings], area Eastern Ridge Tr., 850 m, 28.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 9, Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1270 m, Km 60 rte Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan, 17.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 4, Borneo-Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1550-1650 m, 16.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 4, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1500 m, 25.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,9 mm. Corpo lucidissimo e bruno, con capo bruno- rossiccio; pronoto e uroterghi liberi primo e secondo e pigidio giallo-rossicci; antenne bruno-rossicce con i tre antennomeri basali giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La granu- losità del capo è distinta e assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana, quella delle elitre è fine e quella dell’addome è superficiale. La punteggiatura del pronoto è fine e dis- tinta. La reticolazione dell’avancorpo è assente, quella dell’addome è distinta. Il pro- noto presenta due forti punti isolati. Edeago figg. 76-77. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Vagante dei sentieri». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Microdota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, posta dopo la descrizione di A. microtheca sp. n. Atheta (Microdota) taedafera sp. n. Figg. 78-80 Holotypus d, d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinab[alu] N.P., Por[ing] H[ot] S[prings], area Eastern Ridge Tr., 1060 m, 17.VIIL.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,7 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno con pronoto, i due uroterghi liberi basali e il pigidio giallo-rossicci; omeri rossicci, antenne di un giallo sporco con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è poco distinta, quella del pronoto è assente e quella delle elitre e dell'addome è distinta. Il pronoto presenta un debole solco mediano. Edeago figg. 79-80. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Portatrice di fiaccola» a motivo della forma di fiaccola accesa di una parte dell’armatura genitale interna del- l’edeago, in visione laterale. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- teri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Microdota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, posta dopo la descrizione di A. microtheca sp. n. Atheta (Microdota) stenomastaxoides sp. n. Figg. 81-84 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1550 m, 12.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,9 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno, con elitre e uroterghi liberi quarto e base del quinto nero-bruni; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali giallo- 820 R. PACE FIGG. 70-77 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 70-72: Atheta (Acrotona) microfis- tula sp. n.; 73-74: Atheta (Acrotona) inversitheca sp. n.; 75-77: Atheta (Microdota) semitaeva- gans Sp. n. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 821 ni CAO sat = Fico. 78-87 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 78-80: Atheta (Microdota) taedafera sp. n.; 81-84: Arheta (Microdota) stenomastaxoides sp. n., 85- 87: Atheta (Microdota) semi- asymmetrica sp. n. 822 R. PACE bruni. La granulosità del capo è assente, quella del pronoto è finissima e quella delle elitre è fitta. La reticolazione del capo è netta, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è distin- ta. Sull’addome la reticolazione è distinta sui tre uroterghi liberi basali, superficiale sul quarto urotergo libero e assente sul quinto. Il disco del capo è impresso. Edeago figg. 82-83, sesto urotergo libero del d fig. 84. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Simile a Stenomastax», un genere di Aleocharinae. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Microdota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, posta dopo la descrizione di A. microtheca sp. n. Atheta (Microdota) semiasymmetrica sp. n. Figg. 85-88 Holotypus d, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-bruno, con elitre brune; antenne di un giallo sporco con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La pun- teggiatura del capo è fitta e poco distinta. La granulosità del pronoto è confusa, quella delle elitre è poco evidente e quella dell’addome è superficiale e fitta. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è distinta, quella delle elitre è netta e quella dell’addome è assente. Il pronoto mostra un largo solco mediano. Edeago figg. 86-87, sesto urotergo libero del à fig. 88. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Quasi asimmetrica». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Microdota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, posta dopo la descrizione di A. microtheca sp. n. Atheta (Microdota) microtheca sp. n. Figg. 89-90 Holotypus 9, Borneo Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 495 m, 27.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,3 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-bruno, pigidio rossiccio; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali giallo-bruni; zampe gialle. La pun- teggiatura del capo è molto superficiale, quella del pronoto è poco distinta. La granu- losità delle elitre è svanita. La reticolazione del capo si trova solo sul disco dove è evidente, sul resto del corpo è assente. Spermateca fig. 90. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Spermateca micro- scopica». COMPARAZIONI. Il sottogenere Microdota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, di Atheta è nuovo per il Borneo. Le specie sopra descritte, insieme all’ampiamente diffusa in oriente A. ocularis Cameron, si distinguono per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DI ATHETA DEL SOTTOGENERE MICRODOTA l Occhi molto piu lunghi delle tempie 0.0 Rea: 2 - Occhi più corti delle tempie -. - u... 2.2... oe oe i eg 4 2 Taglia corporea ridotta, 1,3 mm; addome unicolore, tranne il pigidio rossiecio. Borneo: Kinabalu 22.22... Seren A. microtheca sp. n. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 823 Taglia corporea superiore a 1,7 mm; addome bicolore bruno o giallo- bruno, con una fascia nera o bruna al quarto urotergo libero ............. 3 Corpo giallo-bruno; parte apicale dell’edeago poco prolungata; armatura genitale interna dello stesso edeago composta di due corti pezzi cultri- formi. Lungh. 1,7 mm. India, Cina, Thailandia, Vietnam, Filippine e BOT OM Bar cine een A. ocularis Cameron Corpo bruno; parte apicale dell’edeago molto prolungata; armatura genitale interna dello stesso edeago composta da un pezzo molto lungo e stretto all’estremitä distale. Lungh. 1,9 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu N N are Mn Felle A. stenomastaxoides Sp. Pronoto debolmente trasverso e senza solco mediano; armatura genitale interna dell’edeago con un pezzo a forma di ago. Lungh. 1,9 mm. BomeosKinabalus. m. rr. a. oi ye ce PAC A. semitaevagans Sp. n. Pronoto fortemente trasverso e con solco mediano; armatura genitale internatdell.edeago'senza pezzorasformadilaso en en. ne 5 Quarto antennomero più lungo che largo; il solco mediano del pronoto è largo; elitre unicolori brune; addome unicolore giallo-bruno. Lungh. ÉémmeBonneoRKinabalu et 22.4... ake ee A. semiasymmetrica sp. n. Quarto antennomero trasverso; il solco mediano del pronoto é stretto; elitre brune con omeri rossicci; addome bicolore con base e pigidio giallo-rossicci. Lungh. 1,7 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu........ A. taedafera sp. > > KEY OF THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF ATHETA OF THE SUBGENUS MICRODOTA Eyesllonserthanstempleser. 21 LM ne i ee 2 Eyesysbonterthanitempleshà,. A a CRAL LOTTI su: 4 Body length 1.3 mm; abdomen unicoloured, except the reddish pigidium. BOE: sin E PERS N ORO IT ST A. microtheca sp. n. Body length exceeding 1.7 mm; abdomen bicoloured brown or yellow-brown, with a black or brown stripe on the fourth free urotergite . ................... 3 Body yellow-brown; apical part of the aedeagus slightly extended; internal genital armature of the aedeagus consisting of two short cultriform pieces. Length 1.7 mm. India, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines and Borneo cè D CRAN DIO pod RE IR A I A CRE ARE A. ocularis Cameron Body brown; apical part of the aedeagus conspicuously extended; internal genital armature of aedeagus consisting of a very long piece narrowed apically. engin 95mm Bomeo-Kmabalun.r. rn... A. stenomastaxoides Sp. n. Pronotum slightly transverse, without median furrow; internal genital armature of aedeagus with a needle-shaped piece. Length 1.9 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu 5.0 à ET DO RNA HEINE Rcd DIRI E e EDS Sea. EN A. semitaevagans Sp. n. Pronotum strongly transverse, with median furrow; internal genital armature of iieraedeagusswithoutneedie-shapedipiece mem ne er at ERI OT IO 5 Fourth antennomere longer than wide; median furrow of pronotum wide; elytra brown, unicoloured; abdomen yellow-brown, unicoloured. Length 1.8 mm. BormeosKinabalur. tt Len erden À. semiasymmetrica sp. n. Fourth antennomere transverse; median furrow of pronotum narrow; elytra brown with reddish humeri; bicoloured abdomen with base and pigydium yellow-reddish. Length 1.7 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu .............. A. taedafera sp. n. 324 R. PACE ERE, tiro See IR TA Fee ta ani i MILES ALOE or FIGG. 88-94 Sesto urotergo libero del & , habitus e spermateca. 88: Atheta (Microdota) semiasymmetrica sp. n.; 89-90: Atheta (Microdota) microtheca sp. n.; 91-92: Atheta (Datomicra) bibulbosa sp. n.; 93-94: Atheta (Poromicrodota) neamicrotheca sp. n. Atheta (Datomicra) bibulbosa sp. n. Figg. 91-92 Holotypus 2, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MHNG). FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 825 DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio con pigidio giallo-bruno; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali giallo-bruni; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fitta e superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto e delle elitre è distinta, fine sul primo. La reticolazione è presente solo sui tre uroterghi liberi basali dove è molto trasversa e superficiale. Spermateca fig. 92. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Con due bulbi», quelli della spermateca. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è ben distinta da A. lewisiana Cameron, 1933b, del Giappone e di Giava, per le elitre poco più lunghe del pronoto (molto più lunghe del pronoto in lewisiana) e per la larghissima introflessione apicale del bulbo distale della spermateca (introflessione stretta in lewisiana). Atheta (Poromicrodota) neamicrotheca sp. n. Figg. 93-94 Holotypus 9, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., below Layang Layang, 2595 m, 2.V.1987, A. Smetana leg. (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 3,7 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno, con elitre giallo-brune, pigidio rossiccio; antenne brune con primo antennomero basale rossiccio; zampe giallo-rossicce. La granulosità del capo è fine e distinta, quella del pronoto è netta e fitta, quella delle elitre è superficiale e confusa e quella dell'addome è saliente sui tre uroterghi liberi basali e assente sui restanti. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è netta, quella delle elitre è distinta e quella dell’addome è trasversa ed evidente. Spermateca fig. 94. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Nuova con sperma- teca microscopica». COMPARAZIONI. Per la forma della spermateca, la nuova specie si mostra affine ad A. subamicula Cameron, 1939a, dell’India. Se ne distingue per gli antennomeri intermedi più lunghi che larghi (trasversi in subamicula) e per l’assenza di introfles- sione apicale del bulbo distale della spermateca. Atheta (Dimetrota) ramifera sp. n. Figg. 95-98 Holotypus d, Sabah, Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Spring, 26.X.1990, from rotten tarap fruit (Artocarpus sp.), leg. G. de Rougemont (IRSN). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,4 mm. Corpo debolmente lucido, addome lucido. Corpo bruno-rossiccio con capo e uroterghi liberi terzo, quarto e quinto bruni; antenne brune con i tre antennomeri basali giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fittissima e superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto è poco distinta, quella delle elitre è poco saliente e quella dell’addome è superficiale. La reticolazione del capo è superfi- ciale, quella del pronoto è molto svanita, quella delle elitre è evanescente, quella dei due uroterghi liberi basali è superficiale e non trasversa e quella degli uroterghi liberi ferzo, quarto e quinto è molto trasversa e svanita. Il pronoto presenta un debole solco mediano. Edeago figg. 96-97, sesto urotergo libero del d 98. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Portatrice di ramo» quello dell’armatura genitale interna dell’edeago in visione laterale. 826 R. PACE COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del sottogenere Dimetrota Mulsant & Rey, 1873, posta dopo la descrizione di A. preludi sp. n. Atheta (Dimetrota) preludi sp. n. Figg. 99-100 Holotypus ©, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1500 m, 25.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali e la base del terzo gialli e apice dell’undicesimo rossiccio; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è poco saliente, quella del pronoto è molto superficiale, quella delle elitre è svanita e quella dell'addome è fine e distinta. La reticolazione del capo e dell’addome è assente, quella del pronoto è distinta e quella delle elitre è su- perficiale. Spermateca fig. 100. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Del preludio» uno di quelli per organo di J.S. Bach del Manoscritto di Lipsia che ascoltavo su CD mentre esaminavo questa nuova specie. COMPARAZIONI. Le due specie del Borneo in precedenza attribuite al sottogenere Dimetrota sono state da Sawada (1980a) trasferite a genere e sottogenere differenti. A. morbida Cameron, 1933a al genere Codoglossa Sawada, 1980a, A. aprilis Cameron, 1933a al sottogenere Notothecta Thomson, 1858. Le due nuove specie vengono ad essere le prime autentiche appartenenti al sottogenere Dimetrota. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL SOTTOGENERE DIMETROTA DI ATHETA l Quarto antennomero piü lungo che largo; quinto urotergo libero fitta- mente pubescente, quanto l’urotergo libero basale. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Borneo>Kınabalunr. o Lite ce era LE ET A. ramifera Sp. n. - Quarto antennomero trasverso; quinto urotergo libero con pubescenza più rada di quella dell’urotergo libero basale. Lungh. 2,7 mm. Borneo: Kinabaluget, at een ae tere e ER EDS A. preludi sp. n. KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS DIMETROTA OF ATHETA 1 Fourth antennomere longer than wide; fifth free urotergite densely pubescent, as pubescent as the basal free urotergite. Length 2.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu RARI a als een ode oat moe EN EEE TT A. ramifera Sp. n. = Fourth antennomere transverse: fifth free urotergite with pubescence sparser than that of the basal free urotergite. Length 2.7 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu EEE Re 5 5 a A. preludi sp. n. Berca borneana sp. n. Figg. 101-104 Holotypus d, N. Borneo, Sabah, Ranau, 2.VIII.1985, leg. K. Maruyama (DEI). Paratypi: 2 © 9, stessa provenienza. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Corpo lucidissimo e bruno-rossiccio con gli uroterghi liberi terzo, quarto, quinto e sesto bruni; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali e la base del terzo giallo-rossicci; zampe giallo-rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo è ombelicata e nettissima, assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana, quella del FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 827 1 mm \ DI | 100 Fısc. 95-100 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale, spermateca e sesto urotergo libero del d. 95-98: Atheta (Dimetrota) ramifera sp. n.; 99-100: Atheta (Dimetrota) preludi sp. n. pronoto è distinta, ma pure assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana, quella delle elitre è poco distinta. La reticolazione del capo è assente, quella delle elitre e dell’ad- dome è distinta. Il capo del d presenta una larga concavità discale e due pliche molto salienti tra le antenne, la © è priva di tale concavità, sostituita da un solco mediano. Il pronoto del d mostra un’ampia e profonda depressione con solco mediano posteriore, 828 R. PACE nella £ solo con il solco superficiale. Le elitre presentano forti punti isolati sparsi. Edeago figg. 102-103, spermateca fig. 104. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Berca Blackwelder, 1952, è nuovo per il Borneo. La nuova specie è simile a B. thailandensis Pace 2000, da cui si distingue per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. 1 Occhi più lunghi delle tempie; pronoto convesso, con una fossetta me- diana posteriore; elitre senza forti punti isolati; parte apicale dell’edeago accentuatamente sinuosa al lato ventrale. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Thailandia Mo NN IRENE B. thailandensis Pace - Occhi piü corti delle tempie; pronoto con ampia e profonda depressione mediana, senza fossetta mediana posteriore; elitre con forti punti isolati; parte apicale dell’edeago impercettibilmente sinuosa al lato ventrale. Eunsh72,7:mm. Bomeo: Ranau Er B. borneana sp. n. 1 Eyes longer than temples; pronotum convex, with a medio-posterior fovea; elytra without conspicuous and isolated punctures; apical portion of the aedeagus deeply sinuate ventrally. Length 1.8 mm. Thailand . . . . B. thailandensis Pace - Eyes shorter than temples; pronotum with wide and deep median depression, without medio-posterior fovea; elytra with strong isolated points; apical portion of the aedeagus obsoletely sinuate ventrally. Length 2.7 mm. Borneo: Ranau Te OT ce EE a ee ES à haa RIN. B. borneana sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) seminuda sp. n. Figg. 105-108 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 485 m, 29.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucidissimo e bruno-rossiccio con i due terzi posteriori delle elitre e il quarto urotergo libero bruni; antenne brune con 1 tre antennomeri basali di un giallo sporco; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è netta, ma rada, quella del pronoto è fine e poco distinta, quella delle elitre è distinta. Assente è la reticolazione sul corpo. Gli uroterghi presentano setole solo al margine posteriore, tranne che sul quinto. Edeago figg. 106-107, sesto urotergo libero del d fig. 108. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) ics sp. n. Figg. 109-111 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 ¢, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 8.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 3, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno con deboli riflessi bronzei; antenne brune con antennomero basale rossiccio; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è molto superficiale e rada. La granulosità del pronoto è fine e svanita, quella delle elitre è fitta e distinta. La reticolazione del capo è netta, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è distinta e quella dell'addome è ben visibile, a maglie molto trasverse. Il secondo urotergo libero del & presenta un tubercolo saliente. Edeago figg. 110-111. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 829 106 107 Fico. 101-107 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 101-104: Berca borneana sp. n.; 105- 107: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) seminuda sp. n. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie prende nome dalla lettera ics che sembra disegnata sull’edeago in visione ventrale. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- teri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. 830 R. PACE Pelioptera (Pelioptera) longearmata sp. n. Figg. 112-114 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., east base St. John’s PK, 3900 m, 8.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypus: 1 d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.1V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno; antenne brune con anten- nomero basale giallo-bruno; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è distinta, ma superficiale sulle tempie, quella del pronoto è evidente e quella delle elitre è confusa. La reticolazione del capo e del pronoto è netta, quella dei quattro uroterghi liberi basali è molto trasversa e distinta e quella del quinto urotergo libero è assente. Il capo pre- senta un debole tubercolo frontale. Il primo urotergo libero basale del d mostra una debole bozza mediana, il secondo un granulo mediano. Edeago figg. 113-114. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Lungamente armata» come riferimento all’armatura genitale interna dell’edeago. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- teri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) irigaster sp. n. Figg. 115-118 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk, Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypus: 1 4, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 8.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio con uroterghi liberi quarto e quinto iridescenti; antenne giallo-brune con i due antennomeri basali e la base del terzo, giallo-rossicci; zampe giallo-rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo è distinta e assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana. la granulosità del pronoto e delle elitre è fine e superficiale. Assente è la reticolazione sul corpo. Il quinto urotergo libero del 4 presenta un tubercolo mediano posteriore affilato e molto saliente. Edeago figg. 116-117, sesto urotergo libero del G fig. 118. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Addome iridescente». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- teri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) stenopaca sp. n. Figg. 119-123 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1505 m, 14.VI- II-1.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg. (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 2, stessa provenienza; 2 2 2, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500-1580 m, 27-30.IV.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg.; 1 4, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 7.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio; antenne bruno- rossicce; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine e superficiale, assente sulla fas- cia longitudinale mediana. La granulositä del pronoto è indistinta, quella delle elitre è svanita e quella dell’addome è finissima. La reticolazione del capo e delle elitre & su- perficiale, quella del pronoto e dell’addome è distinta, a maglie molto trasverse sull’ad- dome. Edeago figg. 121-122, spermateca fig. 123, sesto urotergo libero del d fig. 119. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 831 FIGG. 108-115 Sesto urotergo libero del d, habitus e edeago in visione laterale e ventrale. 108: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) seminuda sp. n.; 109-111: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) ics sp. n.; 112-114: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) longearmata sp. n.; 115: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) irigaster sp. n. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa « Opaca stretta » e in- dica l'affinità della nuova specie con P. opaca Kraatz dello Sri Lanka e regioni vicine, ma ha il corpo stretto. 832 R. PACE FIGG. 116-123 Edeago in visione laterale e ventrale, sesto urotergo libero del d e spermateca. 116-118: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) irigaster sp. n.; 119-123: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) stenopaca sp. n. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 833 Pelioptera (Pelioptera) borneopaca sp. n. Figg. 124-127 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 3 d d, Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 ¢, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Int. trap., HQ 1500 m, 25-30.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 1 4, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.1V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg.; 1 &, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 8.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno; antenne brune; zampe giallo-rossicce. La granulositä del capo è distinta, ma assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana, quella del pronoto è assente, quella delle elitre è ben visibile e quella del- l’addome è fine. La reticolazione del capo è assente, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è superficiale, quella dell’addome è molto trasversa. Edeago figg. 125-126, sesto uro- tergo libero del ? fig. 127. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Pelioptera opaca del Borneo» al fine di indicare che la nuova specie mostra affinità con P. opaca. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) omissa sp. n. Figg. 128-129 Holotypus ©, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1750 m, 21.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MH- NG). Paratypi: 2 9 9, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, HQ 1500 m, 25- 30.1V.1987, leg. A. Smetana. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Corpo lucido e nero-bruno, con addome bruno- rossiccio avente gli uroterghi liberi quarto e quinto bruni; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è distinta, quella del pronoto è assente. La granulosità delle elitre è molto superficiale e quella dell’ad- dome è svanita. Una reticolazione è presente solo sull’addome dove è molto superfi- ciale. Spermateca fig. 129. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Pelioptera) burckhardti sp. n. Figg. 130-131 a Holotypus 2, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu,1500 m, 25.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MH- )): DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,1 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno, con base dell’addome bruno-rossiccia; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali e la base del terzo rossicci; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo e del pronoto è superficiale, quella delle elitre è assente. La reticolazione del capo è assente, quella del pronoto è superficiale e quella delle elitre e dell’addome è molto svanita, a maglie molto trasverse sull’addome. Spermateca fig. 131. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. La nuova specie è dedicata a uno dei suoi raccoglitori, il dr. Daniel Burckhardt, già del Museo di Storia Naturale di Ginevra. 834 R. PACE 131 129 Fico. 124-131 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale, sesto urotergo libero del & e spermateca. 124-127: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) borneopaca sp. n.; 128-129: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) omissa sp. n.; 130-131: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) burckhardti sp. n. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 835 Pelioptera (Pelioptera) perinsolita sp. n. Figg. 138-139 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., btw Layang Layang, 2600 m, 2- 8.V.1987, int. trap, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 4,0 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno, con capo e uroterghi liberi quarto e quinto nero-bruni; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali rossicci; zampe giallo-rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo e delle elitre è fitta e distinta, assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana del capo. La granulosità del pronoto e dell’addome è fine e distinta. La reticolazione del capo, elitre e addome è molto superficiale, quella del pronoto è assente. Spermateca fig. 139. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Molto insolita» a mo- tivo della forma della spermateca e dello strano pigidio. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Tropimenelytron) longicollis sp. n. Figg. 132-135 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ 1500 m, 25-30.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 3 es., stessa provenienza; | es., d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 1.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 dg, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1500 m, 30.1V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg.; 1 6 e 1 2, Borneo-Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1600 m, 18.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 4, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., 1600 m, 26.1V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Corpo lucido e rossiccio, con capo e quarto urotergo libero bruni; antenne bruno-rossicce con i due antennomeri basali giallo-ross- icci; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo e delle elitre è superficiale, quella del prono- to è assente. La reticolazione dell’avancorpo è svanita, quella dell'addome è distinta. Edeago figg. 133-134, spermateca fig. 135. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Pronoto lungo». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Pelioptera Kraatz, 1857, posta dopo la descrizione di P. necnilgiriensis sp. n. Pelioptera (Tropimenelytron) necnilgiriensis sp. n. Figg. 136-137 Holotypus 9, Borneo, Sabah, M. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Silau-Silau Tr., 1540 m, 14.VI- II-1.[X.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 2,5 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno, con uroterghi liberi terzo, guarto e quinto nero-bruni; antenne brune; zampe gialle con femori posteriori lieve- mente oscurati di bruno. La reticolazione del capo, pronoto e addome è molto superfi- ciale, quella delle elitre è svanita, a maglie molto trasverse sull’addome. Il pronoto ha quattro punti in trapezio. Spermateca fig. 136. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. La nuova specie si mostra affine a P. nilgiriensis (Fauvel, 1904), ma il pronoto ha quattro punti in trapezio e la parte prossimale della spermateca R. PACE 836 0,1 mm ! | È SSL SUR dei OUR ENTRE 67 Li E S f SES fe (P A tae be A = — ae | EUR Ss SY 5 ; f 136 137 Fico. 132-137 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 132-135: Pelioptera (Tropi- menelytron) longicollis sp. n.; 136-137: Pelioptera (Tropimenelytron) necnilgiriensis sp. n. è molto più prolungata di quella di nilgiriensis. Per questi caratteri è chiamata «Non nilgiriensis». COMPARAZIONI. Cameron (1936) cita per il Borneo quattro specie largamente diffuse in oriente: P. opaca Kraatz, 1857, dello Sri Lanka, India e Singapore e P. iner- FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 837 mis Cameron, 1925, P. germana Cameron, 1925, P. similis Cameron, 1925, tutte e tre di Giava. C’è da dubitare su queste determinazioni, non controllate da Cameron con l’esame dell’edeago e della spermateca. Ad esempio P. opaca, di cui ho esaminato la serie tipica dello Sri Lanka, & rappresentata nel Borneo da due specie ad essa affini. Pertanto queste specie non sono qui prese in considerazione per la constatazione della regola generale del ristretto areale della maggior parte delle specie di Aleocharinae. P monticola è stata esaminata e illustrata adeguatamente da Sawada (1980). La nuove specie è distinta dalle precedenti sopra descritte per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI A ME NOTE DEL GENERE PELIOPTERA KRAATZ 1 Mesocoxe largamente separate, Subgen. Pelioptera Kraatz .............. 2 - Mesocoxe quasi contigue, Subgen. Tropimenelytron Pace .............. 10 2 Eionotordebolmenteitrasversonn ME PEN ER n 3 - Bronoloyioriemente MAS VÉTSO ci out cercalo PA ee 6 3 Pronoto con quattro punti discali in rettangolo e con una debole impres- sione mediana posteriore; addome iridescente. Lungh. 2,6 mm. Borneo: Gaby AM ae ss ogg aco nenne ehe nee sec mete hee Pelioptera irigaster sp. n. - Pronoto senza punti discali e senza impressione mediana posteriore; addomesnonsitidescenters Se eee es en ie lire Ra 4 + Occhi lunghi quanto le tempie; quinto antennomero lungo quanto largo; capo nero-bruno, pronoto bruno; punteggiatura del capo assente sulla fascia longitudinale mediana. Lungh. 4,0 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu 005 90 re ont dan CT OT. Pelioptera perinsolita sp. n. - Occhi più lunghi delle tempie; quinto antennomero fortemente tras- Verso; capo e pronoto bruni; punteggiatura del capo uniformemente disibutazanche Sulidisco retto e a 5) 5 Capo con tubercolo frontale; elitre molto più lunghe del pronoto; edeago molto stretto nella regione apicale. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu 5 6-0 bdo E RR DITO. IE Pelioptera longearmata sp. n. = Capo senza tubercolo frontale; elitre poco più lunghe del pronoto; edeago assai largo nella regione apicale. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Borneo: en deo A Pelioptera ics sp. n. 6 Pronoto più fortemente trasverso; penultimi antennomeri molto tras- versi; elitre brune con base bruno-rossiccia. Lungh. 1,8 mm. Borneo: IST OPE TITAN LR e een Pelioptera seminuda sp. n. = Pronoto meno trasverso; penultimi antennomeri trasversi; elitre uni- COLONIE PT E ARE I US. RER RN 7 7 Addome bicolore, bruno con base bruno-rossiccia ..................... 8 = Adomeunicolore bruno nie OA Arne. irre Re Bene 9 8 Occhi meno sviluppati; spermateca breve, con bulbo distale ovale tras- verso. Lungh.2,0 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ........... Pelioptera omissa sp. n. = Occhi più sviluppati; spermateca lunga, con bulbo distale botuliforme. Lungh.2,1 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ............ Pelioptera burckhardti sp. 5 838 10 R. PACE | Occhi maggiori; edeago stretto in visione ventrale; armatura genitale interna dell’edeago con due pezzi apicali lunghi e stretti; sesto urotergo libero del 4 con margine posteriore ondulato. Lungh. 2,0 mm. Borneo: Kinabalueaeae el venni atene we Pelioptera stenopaca sp. n. Occhi minori; edeago largo in visione ventrale; armatura genitale inter- na dell’edeago con due pezzi falciformi apicali larghi; sesto urotergo libero del d con margine posteriore inciso a metà. Lungh. 1,8 mm. BormneosKinabaluet asec ayes e REA Pelioptera borneopaca sp. n. Pronoto lungo quanto largo; occhi molto più corti delle tempie; capo bruno, pronoto rossiccio. Lungh. 2,2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu RA AL lo SIIT Pelioptera longicollis sp. n. Pronoto trasverso; occhi più lunghi delle tempie; capo e pronoto bruni. Lungh. 2,5 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu .......... Pelioptera necnilgiriensis sp. n. KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES KNOWN TO ME OF THE GENUS PELIOPTERA KRAATZ (Oey We {Sy ey Mesocoxae widely separate, Subgen. Pelioptera Kraatz....... Rene 2 Mesocoxae almost contiguous, Subgen. Tropimenelytron Pace ................. 10 Pronotum«slightly transverse 2. PP ENONCE 3 Pronotum:strongily transverse. .... 2.0.52. 2 0 «+ 1... OEE 6 Pronotum with four discal punctures in rectangle and with a shallow medio-pos- terior impression; abdomen iridescent. Length 2.6 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu EIA, SO ot ee le ee Ota Pelioptera irigaster sp. n. Pronotum without discal punctures and without medio-posterior impression; abdomen: not iridescent:.,. 1:3: aan cr re Lee ee SOT 4 Eyes as long as temples; fifth antennomere as wide as long; head black-brown, pronotum brown; punctation of the head absent medially. Length 4.0 mm. Bomeo? Kanabalut ras m... So PER EN Gok ee OR Pelioptera perinsolita sp. n. Eyes longer than temples; fifth antennomere strongly transverse; head and pronotum brown; punctation of the head uniform ............................ 5 Head with frontal tubercle; elytra longer than pronotum; aedeagus narrowed api- cally; Lensth 2!0imm. Borneo: Kinabalu I°. za. Pelioptera longearmata sp. n. Head without frontal tubercle; elytra slightly longer than pronotum; aedeagus wide apically. Length 2.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu .............. Pelioptera ics sp. n. Pronotum strongly transverse: subapical antennomeres very transverse; elytra brown with brown-reddish base. Length 1.8 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu VE N ne ae ne mie. de nee Tran ELLE Pelioptera seminuda sp. n. Pronotum slightly transverse; subapical antennomeres slightly transverse; elytra unicolouredìbrown............-.-... eut ee E TE TE 7 Abdomen bicoloured, brown with brown-reddish base ........................ 8 Abdomen! unicoloured, Drown ..... .. .. 6 0.0 ss = 2. ee Se LITE TE 9 Eyes poorly developed; spermateca brief, with distal bulb transverse oval. Lensth2:0immSBormeo:Kinabalu\.. ERE Pelioptera omissa sp. n. Eyes well developed; spermateca long, with distal bulb botuliform. Length 2Alimm®Bormneo:Rimabali lc SE RO ee Pelioptera burckhardti sp. n. Eyes well developed; aedeagus narrow in ventral view; internal genital armature of aedeagus with two long and narrow apical pieces; sixth free urotergite of the d with undulated posterior margin. Length 2.0 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu sarta alto galli aisi nasa: ASSE Pelioptera stenopaca Sp. n. Eyes poorly developed: aedeagus wide in ventral view; internal genital armature of aedeagus with two wide falciform apical pieces; sixth free urotergite of the d with posterior margin incised medially. Length 1.8 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu REEAit er ZI ISIDE Pelioptera borneopaca sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 839 10 Pronotum as wide as long; eyes much shorter than temples; head brown, prono- tum reddish. Length 2.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ......... Pelioptera longicollis sp. n. - Pronotum transverse; eyes longer than temples; head and pronotum brown. Length 2.5 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ................ Pelioptera necnilgiriensis sp. n. Gastropaga muluicola sp. n. Figg. 140-141 Holotypus ©, Sarawak-Borneo, Mulu Nat. Park, leg. Franz (NHMW). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,7 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-rossiccio sporco; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine, fitta e assai superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto e delle elitre è superficiale, quella dell’addome è saliente. Assente è la reticolazione su tutto il corpo. Spermateca fig. 141. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Gastropaga Bernhauer, 1915, è nuovo per il Borneo. Per la forma della spermateca la nuova specie è vicina a G. philippina Pace, 1990, delle Filippine. Se ne distingue per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. i Occhi più lunghi delle tempie; quarto antennomero debolmente tras- verso; parte prossimale della spermateca, lunga e flessa. Lungh. 1,8 mm. RIPPER RI in Mine OR. G. philippina Pace - Occhi lunghi quanto le tempie; quarto antennomero fortemente tras- verso; parte prossimale della spermateca, corta e non flessa. Lungh. i#85mm#Borneoy,Mulu. Nat Parks ees oS 4s te oe G. muluicola sp. n. 1 Eyes longer than temples; fourth antennomere slightly transverse; proximal por- tion of the spermatheca long and arcuate. Length 1,8 mm. Philippines 5.0 0 0-8 RE RT EEE ALS 5 OI VAR SO G. philippina Pace - Eyes as long as temples; fourth antennomere strongly transverse; proximal por- tion of the spermatheca short and not arcuate. Length 1,8 mm. Borneo: Mulu N AB ak. ee RE lo G. muluicola sp. n. Platorischna montana sp. n. Figg. 142-145 Holotypus d, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550-1650 m, 24.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl (MHNG). Paratypi: 49 es., Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1430-1500-1550-1650 m, 21-22-23-24- 29.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-bruno, con elitre brune e pigidio giallo-rossicci; antenne giallo-brune con i due antennomeri basali giallo- rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine e fittissima. La granulositä del pronoto è fine e fittissima come quella dell’addome, quella delle elitre è distinta. Edeago figg. 142-143, spermateca fig. 144. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna borneensis sp. n. Figg. 146-149 Holotypus 9, Sabah, Kinabalu N.P., 29.X.1990, leg. G. de Rougemont (IRSN). Paratypi: 20 es., Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550 m, 29.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 6 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, nr. Bat Cave, 500-600 m, 6-10.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt 840 R. PACE PI fa 141 Er 3 m} È Base, Di | a A int Se Fico. 138-146 Habitus, spermateca e edeago in visione laterale e ventrale. 138-139: Pelioptera (Pelioptera) perinsolita sp. n.; 140-141: Gastropaga muluicola sp. n.; 142-145: Platorischna montana sp. n.; 146: Platorischna borneensis sp. n. & Löbl; 3 es., Borneo-Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1270-1350-1550 m, 16-17.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 12 es. , Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 600-950 m, 10-12.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 17 es., Sabah, Crocker Range, 1600 m, 51 km r.te Kota Kinabalu-Tambunan, 18.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 82 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu Rv. trail, 1520 m, FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 841 FIGG. 147-158 Spermateca, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e habitus. 147-149: Platorischna borneensis sp. n.; 150-152: Platorischna assingi sp. n.; 153-155: Platorischna muluensis sp. n.; 156-158: Platorischna pusilla sp. n. 11.VIIL.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Silau Silau tr., 1550 m, 12.VIIL.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 52 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., HQ Liwagu Riv., 1490 m, 5.VIIL.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es, Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., east base St. John’s PK, 3900 m, 8.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 es., d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 4.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg. 842 R. PACE DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo lucido e nero pece, con base addominale e pigidio bruno-rossicci; antenne nere con 1 tre antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. L’intero corpo è coperto di granulosità distinta e fine su un fondo non reticolato. Edeago figg. 148-149, spermateca fig. 147. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna assingi sp. n. Figg. 150-152 Holotypus d, Borneo, Brunei, Temburong, Kuala Belalong KBFSC, 4.V.1995, Borcherding leg. (IRSN). Paratypi: 2 dd el 9, stessa provenienza. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,6 mm. Corpo debolmente lucido, poco convesso e giallo-bruno; antenne giallo-brune, con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La granulosità del capo è superficiale, quella del pronoto e delle elitre è distinta, quella dei tre uroterghi liberi è più fitta di quella degli uroterghi liberi quarto e quinto. Edeago figg. 151-152. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. La nuova specie è dedicata a V. Assing di Hannover, per avermi affidato questa ed altre specie del Borneo. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna muluensis sp. n. | Figg. 153-155 Holotypus ¢, Sarawak-Borneo, Mulu Nat. Park, leg. H. Franz (NHMW). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo lucido, con capo e pronoto rossicci ed elitre brune aventi base rossiccia e addome giallo-rossiccio con quarto urotergo libero e base del quinto bruno-rossicci; antenne nere con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. L’intero corpo & coperto di granulosità fine e distinta. Edeago figg. 154-155. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie & distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna pusilla sp. n. Figg. 156-158 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 480 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo debolmente lucido e giallo-bruno, con pronoto, i due uroterghi liberi basali e il pigidio di un giallo sporco; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. Una granulositä distinta e fitta copre l’intero corpo. Edeago figg. 156-157. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «specie piccola». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 843 Platorischna pseudopusilla sp. n. Figg. 159-162 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 510 m, 30.VI- 11.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 9, stessa provenienza; 3 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs, 485 m, 29.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 3 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1490 m, 3.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 3 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1500 m, 1.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu River, 1505 m, 2.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg.; 1 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu N.P., Poring Hot Springs, area Eastern Ridge Tr., 850 m, 28.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana; 1 d, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 550-600 m, 9.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 32 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500-550-600 m, 6-7-9.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-bruno, con pigidio giallo; antenne giallo-brune con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. Una granulositä distinta e fitta copre l’intero corpo. Edeago figg. 160-161, spermateca 162. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Falsa pusilla». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna bicochlea sp. n. Figg. 163-166 Holotypus d, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinab[alu] N.P., Por[ing] H[ot] S[prings], area Eastern Ridge Tr., 850 m, 28.VIII.1988, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 10 es., stessa provenienza, ma anche 1000. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-rossiccio, con elitre e uroterghi liberi terzo, quarto e base del quinto bruni; antenne brune con 1 tre anten- nomeri basali e l'undicesimo giallo-rossicci; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fitta e fine. Una granulosità fine e distinta copre il resto del corpo. Edeago figg. 164-165, spermateca fig. 166. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Due spire», quelle della spermateca. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna lambirensis sp. n. Figg. 167-169 Holotypus d, Sarawak, Borneo, Lambir Nat. Park, leg. Franz MHMW). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,3 mm. Corpo lucido con capo e pronoto giallo-rossicci, elitre nero-brune con base bruno-rossiccia e addome giallo-bruno con uroterghi liberi ferzo e quarto bruni; antenne brune con i tre antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fine, fitta e superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto è fine e saliente, quella delle elitre e dell’addome è distinta e fitta. Assente è la reticolazione sul corpo. Edeago figg. 168-169. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e per i carat- feri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. 844 R. PACE FIGG. 159-169 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 159-162: Platorischna pseudopusilla sp. n.; 163-166: Platorischna bicochlea sp. n.; 167-169: Platorischna lambirensis sp. n. Platorischna kinabaluensis sp. n. Figg. 170-173 Holotypus ¢, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 25.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypi: 1 2, stessa provenienza; 8 es., Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 27.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana; 5 es., Borneo-Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550 m, 29.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 9 es., Borneo-Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1550-1650 m, 16.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 2 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1450-1550 m, 23.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 2 es., Borneo, Sabah, Crocker Ra., 1600 m, Km 51 rte. Kota Kinabalu- Tambunan, 18.V.1987, Burckhardt & Löbl leg.; 2 es., Borneo-Sabah, E Mt. Kinabalu,1150 m, FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 845 176 Fico. 170-177 Habitus, edeago in visione laterale e ventrale e spermateca. 170-173: Platorischna kinabaluensis sp. n.; 174-175: Platorischna longipennis sp. n.; 176-177: Platorischna fontium sp. n. rte. Ranau-Kota Kinabalu, 24.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 es., Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 8.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550 m, 23.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550-1650 m, 24.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 d, Sabah, Kibongol V., 7 Km N Tambunan, 700 m, 20.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 6 es., Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu, 1550-1650-1750 m, 23-24-27.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl; 1 3, Sabah, Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 11.V.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl. 846 R. PACE DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,3 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-rossiccio, con elitre e uroterghi liberi terzo e quarto rossicci; antenne giallo-brune con i tre antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fitta e distinta. La granulosità del pronoto, elitre e addome è fine e distinta, posta su un fondo non reticolato. Edeago figg. 171-172, spermateca 173. COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma dell’edeago e della sper- mateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna longipennis sp. n. Figg. 174-175 Holotypus ©, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ Mempening trail, 1600 m, 17.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). Paratypus: 1 9, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., HQ at Liwagu Rv., 1500 m, 1.IX.1988, A. Smetana leg. DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,4 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio, con elitre brune aventi omeri rossicci e con addome giallo-rossiccio avente gli uroterghi liberi terzo e quarto bruni; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali giallo-rossicci; zampe giallo- rossicce. La punteggiatura del capo e del pronoto è superficiale, quella dell'addome è fine, assente presso il margine posteriore di ciascun urotergo libero. La granulosità delle elitre è fitta e distinta. Spermateca fig. 174. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Elitre lunghe». COMPARAZIONI. La nuova specie è distinta per la forma della spermateca e per i caratteri dati nella chiave di tutte le specie borneensi del genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, posta dopo la descrizione di A. fontium sp. n. Platorischna fontium sp. n. Figg. 176-177 Holotypus 2, Borneo, Sabah, Mt. Kinabalu Nat. Pk., Poring Hot Springs, 500 m, 10.V.1987, leg. A. Smetana (MHNG). DESCRIZIONE. Lungh. 1,35 mm. Corpo lucido e giallo-rossiccio; antenne brune con i due antennomeri basali gialli; zampe gialle. La punteggiatura del capo è fitta e superficiale. La granulosità del pronoto è molto svanita e poco distinta, quella delle elitre e dell'addome è ben visibile. Assente è la reticolazione sul corpo. Spermateca fig. 176. DERIVATIO NOMINIS. Il nome della nuova specie significa «Delle sorgenti», quelle di Poring Hot Springs, località tipica. COMPARAZIONI. Il genere Platorischna Pace, 1991, è nuovo per il Borneo. Le nuove specie sopra descritte si distinguono tra esse per i caratteri dati nella seguente chiave. CHIAVE DELLE SPECIE BORNEENSI DEL GENERE PLATORISCHNA PACE | CEorpo;unieolore zu... ee ons Soe Ae saa eee 2 - Corpo:bicolore o tricolore::. 22.2.2 ROM eee 4 2 Corpo uniformemente bruno-rossiccio. Lungh. 1,35 mm. Borneo: Kainabaluls.- =, secre eaten CIEL BEE one P. fontium sp. n. Nn 1 ON CO I Ne) 10 FALAGRIINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 847 Quarto antennomero lungo quanto largo; parte apicale dell’edeago bis- inuosa in visione laterale. Lungh. 1,6 mm. Borneo: Brunei... . P. assingi sp. Quarto antennomero trasverso; parte apicale dell’edeago sinuosa in visione laterale. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu . ... P pseudopusilla sp. Avancorpo unicolore nero pece. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ee I AP EE RISI AO RT AS ng P. borneensis sp. Fancotpo,bIcolote-... en rn Capo con colore differente da quello del pronoto ..................... Capoiepronotounicolori Wer. Mn nr east eae ole arr Apice dell’edeago in visione ventrale a punta triangolare. Lungh. 1,2 immWBorneo:-Kinabaluy. tz ee Ye P. pusilla sp. Apice dell’edeago in visione ventrale a punta arcuata. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Bomceoskinaball-. a wa re tern a P. montana sp. Undicesimo antennomero giallo-rossiccio in contrasto con i precedenti antennomeri bruni. Lungh. 1,2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ..... P. bicochlea sp. Undicesimo antennomero dello stesso colore dei precedenti ............. Ehitesunicolon 241. Rat als tl. alleno! P. kinabaluensis sp. Ehtrebicoloris Biest ale era: Solo gli omeri colorati di rossiccio; elitre molto più lunghe del pronoto: kuneh. 14mm, Borneo: Kinabalul. TE P. longipennis sp. Base delle elitre colorate di bruno-rossiccio 0 rossiccio ................ Regione della «crista apicalis» dell’edeago, larga e molto sporgente. leunehsl;3:mm.Borneo: Bambi) era el an. P. lambirensis sp. Regione della «crista apicalis» dell’edeago, stretta e poco sporgente. Lungh: 1,2:mm. Borneo; Mulu Nat. Park: 22 N... se P. muluensis sp. KEY TO THE BORNEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLATORISCHNA PACE OS 0 [Sy A AN ! Wo! Bodyaunieoloured rta Leto LAS VANS, US, OC ee BodyAbicolouredtoritricoloureder ge CAI 2: Body uniformly brown-reddish. Length 1.35 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu . . P. fontium sp. Bodvygvicllow=DrOwW Ie KL. Nis RA PARITA ee OIL RI Fourth antennomere as wide as long; apical portion of the aedeagus bisinuate in latéraliviewtiensthl}6mmBorneo Brunel nen P. assingi Sp. Fourth antennomere transverse; apical portion of the aedeagus sinuate in lateral view4l]enoth 12 \mm®Borme0o Kinabau ann. CRE oo P. pseudopusilla sp. Fore-body unicoloured, pitchy black. Length 1.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu Billa leisen near lan: P. borneensis sp. Eote-body, bicoloured LE arno ra. ee ElCadiarndipronottmi0f ditfere ilo WERE LOSE Head’andıpronotum:conecolouredi.. ances ares RP CCE TE Ce Apex of the aedeagus in ventral view pointed. Length 1.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu SAI ORE GOMITO P. pusilla sp. Apex of the aedoeagus in ventral view blunt. Length 1.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu HORA A ARMA P. montana sp. Eleventh antennomere yellow-reddish in contrast with the preceeding brown an- tennomeres. Length 1.2 mm. Borneo: Kinabalu ................. P. bicochlea sp. Eleventh antennomere concolorous with the preceeding antennomeres........... Bliycaunicoloured ch RE AEE ne TR a Oa P. kinabaluensis sp. Plytraipicoloured EME ea ee AA ENS, OID AERIAL u. n. n. > 848 R. PACE 9 Only the humeri reddish; elytra longer than pronotum: Length 1.4 mm. Borneo: KRinabali RE rh nen nähe en use chews on MELON eae ET P. longipennis sp. n. - Baselofitherelytra brown-reddish or reddish EE 10 10 Region of the «crista apicalis» of the aedeagus, wide and conspicuously pro- trudimnes length: 1:3) mmBorneo? Lambir Er EE 4645s ae P. lambirensis sp. n. - Region of the «crista apicalis» of the aedeagus narrow and inconspicuously pro- truding. Length 1.2 mm. Borneo: Mulu Nat. Park............... P. muluensis sp. n. NOTA Nei miei precedenti lavori, a partire dall’anno di pubblicazione 2001, holotypi e paratypi di Aleocharinae del Borneo, indicati come depositati nel Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino (MRSN), sono invece conservati nell’ Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique di Bruxelles (IRSN). I funzionari amministrativi del Museo di Torino hanno rifiutato il materiale tipico, anche se in dono, nonostante il parere favorevole degli zoologi dello stesso Museo. RINGRAZIAMENTI Rivolgo i miei più cordiali ringraziamenti a coloro che mi hanno affidato in studio il raro materiale oggetto del presente lavoro: il Dr. Ales Smetana di Ottawa, il Dr. Ivan Löbl, già del Museo di Storia Naturale di Ginevra, il defunto Prof. Herbert Franz di Mödling (Austria), il Dr. Volker Assing di Hannover e il collega Guillaume de Rougemont di Londra. Per il prestito di tipi e di materiale ringrazio il Dr. PM. Hammond e il Dr. M. Brendell, del Museo di Storia Naturale di Londra, il Dr. L. Zerche del DEI di Eberswalde (Berlino) e il Dr. A.F. Newton del Field Museum of Natural History di Chicago. Un ringraziamento rivolgo al dott. Giulio Cuccodoro del Museo di Ginevra per la correzione delle mie traduzioni in inglese delle chiavi di determinazione. BIBLIOGRAFIA ASSING, V. 2002. New species and records of Leptusa Kraatz from the Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 34: 971-1019. BERNHAUER M., 1915. Neue Staphyliniden der indomalayschen Fauna, insbesondere der Sunda- Insel Borneo. Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 65: 134-158. BLACKWELDER, R. E.1952. The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae with an essay on genotypy. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 200: 483 pp. CAMERON, M. 1925. New Staphylinidae from the Dutch Essi Jndies. Treubia 6: 174-198. CAMERON, M. 1927. Descriptions of two new genera of termitophilous Staphylinidae from India. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 63: 222-224. CAMERON, M. 1928. New species of Staphylinidae from Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal 3: 413-422. CAMERON, M.1933a. Staphylinidae (Col.) from Mount Kinabalu. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 17(2): 338-360. CAMERON, M. 1933b. New species of Staphylinidae (Col.) from Japan. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 69: 208-219. CAMERON, M. 1936. New species of Staphylinidae (Col.) from the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 13: 40-53. CAMERON, M. 1939a. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae. Vol. IV, 410 pp. London. FALAGRINI, DEREMINI, ATHETINI E THAMIARAEINI DEL BORNEO 849 CAMERON, M. 1939b. Fauna Javanica. The Staphylinidae collected by Mr. F.C. Drescher. Tijd- schrift voor Entomologie 82: 1-29. CAMERON, M.1943. New species of Staphylinidae (Col.) from Borneo. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 79: 39-42. CASEY, T. L., 1906. Observations on the Staphylinid Groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences, St Louis, 16: 125-435. FAUVEL, A. 1904. Staphylinides de l’Hindoustan et de la Birmanie. Revue d’Entomologie 23: 43-70. HAMMOND, P. M. 1984. An annotated Check-List of Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) recorded from Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal 33: 187-218. JacoBs, W. 1925. Ueber den Gattungsnamen Cardiola Muls. et Rey (Col.). Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 82. KISTNER, D. H. 1983. A New Genus and Twelve New Species of Ant Mimics Associated with Pheidolegeton (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae; Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Sociobiology 8: 155-198. Kapp, A. 1995. Leptusa priesneri Pace, 1989 — neu für die Steiermark (Col., Staphylinidae). Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum 49: 49-50. KRAATZ, G. 1857. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Termitophilen. Linnaea Entomologica 11: 44-56. KRAATZ, G. 1859. Die Staphyliniden-Fauna von Ostindien, insbesondere der Insel Ceylan. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 25: 1-45. LEACH, W. 1819. New Genera, [in] G. SAMOUELLE, The Entomologist’s useful Compendium: 1-496. London. Likovsky, Z. 1983. Bemerkungen über Aleochara-Arten der afrikanischen Region (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, Slovenské Narodné Müzeum Bratislava 152: 1-18. MACLEAY, W. J. 1873. Notes on a collection of Insects from Gayndah (Coleopter a). Transactions of the entomological Society of New South Wales 2: 79-205. MULSANT, E. & REY, C. 1873. Description de divers Coléoptères Brévipennes nouveaux ou peu connus. Opuscules entomologiques, quinzième cahier: 147-189. MULSANT, E. & REY, C. 1874. Tribu des Brévipennes: Famille des Aléochariens (suite): Sixième branche: Aléocharaires. Annales de la Société Linneenne de Lyon 20: 285-447. PACE, R. 1984. Aleocharinae della Thailandia e della Birmania riportate da G. de Rougemont (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). (LIX Contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 11: 427-468. PACE, R. 1986. Aleocharinae dell’ Asia sudorientale raccolte da G. de Rougemont (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (LXXII Contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 23: 139-237, 291 figg. Contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae). Memorie del Museo civico di Storianaturale di Verona (Il 5.), A 8: 1-307. PACE, R. 1990. Aleocharinae delle Filippine (82° contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae) (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). Jn: BERTI, N. (ed.). Miscellanées sur les Staphylins. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (A) 147: 57-113, 273 figg. PACE, R. 1991. Aleocharinae nepalesi del Museo di Ginevra. Parte V: Athetini (conclusione) e Thamiaraeini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (111° Contributo alla conoscenza delle Aleocharinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 98: 803-863. PACE, R. 1992. 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Staphyliniden aus dem Deutschen Entomologischen Institut, seinerzeit von Bernhauer als neu erkannt, aber nicht mehr beschrieben. Beiträge für Entomologie 12: 565-606. SAWADA, K. 1971. Some Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) collected from Philippines and Java. Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of the Kyoto University 23: 61-75. SAWADA, K. 1974. Studies on the genus Afheta Thomson and its allies (Coleoptera, Staphy- linidae) I: Amidobia. Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of the Kyoto University 24: 145-186. SAWADA, K. 1980a. Atheta and its Allies of Southeast Asia (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae). II. Reexamination of the Species mainly from Borneo. Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of the Kyoto University 26: 23-66. SAWADA, K. 1980b. Arheta and its allies of Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). I. Reexamination of some species from Borneo and Singapore. Pacific Insects 21: 335-354. STEPHENS, J. F. 1835. Illustrations of British Entomology. Mandibulata 5: 369-448. London. THOMSON C. G., 1858. Försök till uppstallning af Sveriges Staphyliner. Öfversigt af K. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stokholm 15: 27-40. THOMSON C. G., 1859. Skandinaviens Coleoptera 1: 1-290. Lund. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 851-864; décembre 2004 A review of the Gnathonarium species (Araneae: Linyphiidae) of China Lihong TU & Shugiang LI Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China. E-mail: Lisq.@ioz.ac.cn (all correspondence to Shugiang Li) A review of the Gnathonarium species (Araneae: Linyphiidae) of China. - The present paper gives a review of the Gnathonarium species known from China. A total of four species are recorded, including one new species G. biconcavum sp. n.. G. cornigerum Zhu & Wen, 1980, G. phragmigerum Gao & Zhu, 1988 and G. flavidum Gao & Zhu, 1993 are synonymized with G. cambridgei Schenkel, 1963. A description of the new species and redescriptions of the known species are given. Keywords: Taxonomy - Linyphiidae - Gnathonarium - new species - China. INTRODUCTION The monotypic linyphiid spider genus Gnathonarium was established by Karsch (1881) for Gnathonarium rohlfsianum Karsch, 1881, which was later regarded as a junior synonym of Theridion dentatum Wider, 1834. According to the catalogue of Platnick (2004), the genus currently comprises eight species, and seven of them have been reported from China. After having checked the paratype material of Gnathonarium cornigerum Zhu & Wen, 1980, G. phragmigerum Gao & Zhu, 1988, G. flavidum Gao & Zhu, 1993 and holotype of G. cambridgei Schenkel, 1963, we have come to the conclusion that they are conspecific. Furthermore, the distributional records of G. exsiccatum (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) in China (Gao & Zhu, 1990; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999) are doubtful, and should be deleted from the Chinese spider list. Therefore, only three species reported before really occur in China: these are G. cambridgei Schenkel, 1963, G. dentatum (Wider, 1834), and G. gibberum Oi, 1960. In the present paper, a forth Gnathonarium species from China, G. biconcavum sp. n., is reported. Descriptions and diagnoses of the new species and of the other known species occurring in China, as well as a key to all these species are given. Further information on distribution and illustrations of somatic and genital characters of all species are provided. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were examined and measured under a SZ11-Olympus stereomicro- scope. Left palps of males and epigyna of females were illustrated after they were dissected from the spider body; vulvae were cleared in boiling NaOH solution. For Manuscript accepted 17.02.2004 852 L. TU & S. LI examination of the genital structures under a transmission light microscope, genital organs were immersed in 75% alcohol, embolic divisions and vulvae were mounted in Hoyer’s Solution. All illustrations were made under an Olympus BX40 compound microscope by using a drawing tube. The material examined is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS), in the Jilin University, Changchun, China (JLU), in the Burke Museum, Seattle, USA (UWBM), in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHNP), in the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland (NMB) and in the Museum d’histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland (MHNG). For each species, only references to original description and references to rele- vant papers by Chinese colleagues are given in the text. Other references listed in Platnick’s spider catalogue (Platnick, 2004) are not provided. Updated information on the distribution of each species in China is presented at the provincial level (see Peng, Li & Rollard, 2003). Leg measurements are given in the following sequence: Total (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). All measurements are in millimeters. All scale lines are 0.1 mm in length. Terminology for somatic morphology and genital structures is after Hormiga (2002) and Saaristo & Koponen (1998). Abbreviations are used as followed: Somatic morphology: AER- anterior eye row; ALE- anterior lateral eye; AME- anterior median eye; AME-ALE- distance between AME and ALE; AME-AME- dis- tance between AMEs; AMEd- diameter of AME; CL- carapace length; CW- carapace width; OL- opisthosomal length; OW- opisthosomal width; PER- posterior eye row; PLE- posterior lateral eye; PME- posterior median eye; PMEd- diameter of PME; PME-PLE- distance between PME and PLE; PME-PME- distance between PMEs; TL- total length; Tm I- distance of trichobothrium from metatarsus base of leg I (as a fraction of metatarsus length); Tm IV - trichobothrium on metatarsus IV. Male palp: ATC- anteroventral tegular cornu; DSA- distal suprategular apo- physis; E- embolus; EM- embolic membrane; MT- mesal tooth of tibial apophysis; P- paracybium; PT- protegulum; R- radix; SPT- suprategulum; T- tegulum. Epigynum: CD- copulatory duct; CO- copulatory opening; DE- ventral depres- sion; EI- epigynal index [expressed as a/b, a is the width of ventral plate between copulatory openings and b is the width of copulatory opening]; FD- fertilization duct; FO- fertilization opening; PMP- posterior median plate [= VP + DE]; PR- posterior cone-shaped recess of PMP; SRS- spherical part of seminal receptacula; VP- ventral plate. TAXONOMY Gnathonarium Karsch, 1881 Gnathonarium Karsch, 1881: 10. Type species by monotypy Gnathonarium rohlfsianum Karsch, 1881 [= G. dentatum (Wider, 1834), originally placed in Theridion]. Diagnosis. The genus is characterized by the following set of characters in the male palp (Figs 1-4C-E): paracymbium shaped like a number “3” (Fig. 4C), although usually only the distal half of the paracymbium is visible in retrolateral view (Figs 1-3C); distal suprategular apophysis large, somewhat resembling a straw hat in lateral GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 853 view; radix exceptionally small, bearing a long, whip-like embolus and a long, narrow embolic membrane. Female epigynum vase-like in general appearance, posterior me- dian plate with deep posterior recess (PR) covered by ventral plate (Figs 1H, 2-4F). Description. Tm I 0.59- 0.66. Tm IV present. Tibial spines 2-2-1-1. Carapace protruding slightly over clypeus, in males with some modifications (Figs 1A, 4A) or without (Figs 2A, 3A). Chelicerae of both sexes with warty granulations antero- laterally, with 4-6 promarginal and 2-4 retromarginal teeth, males also with a tooth-like subapical frontal process bearing a fine hair at its tip (Figs 1G, 2-4B). Male palp (Figs 1-4C): Patella with small ventral process at distal end. Tibia (Fig. IF) with one prolateral and two retrolateral trichobothria, tibial dorsal apophysis long, distally hooked, with a tooth on its mesal margin (MT). Paracymbium in the shape of a “3” (Fig. 4C), carrying several long hairs, usually only the distal half visi- ble in retrolateral view (Figs 1-3C). Protegulum fleshy, boat-shaped, but sometimes contracted and somewhat metamorphosed (Figs 2C, 4C). Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) large, somewhat like a straw hat in lateral view. Structures of embolic division simple and with little interspecific variation: radical part (R) conspicuously small, but embolus (E) long, whip-like and strongly sclerotized, embolic membrane (EM) long and narrow (Figs 1-4E). Epigynum and vulva (Figs 1H-I, 4F-G): Epigynum vase-like due to combined effect of transparent copulatory ducts (CD) and posterior median plate (PMP). The latter with a median recess (PR) and entirely or partly covered by ventral plate (VP), copulatory openings (CO) on both sides with shallow roundish depressions (DE). Copulatory ducts conspicuously wide, first converging towards each other, then running parallel, touching each other at median line, and finally turning more or less abruptly laterally. Seminal receptacula situated laterally of parallel parts of copulatory ducts. KEY TO CHINESE GNATHONARIUM SPECIES fi S = o © = ÉTAT EM RT a OT Mc SORA Bra OCT 5 2) Carapace with lobe-like elevation behind ocular area (Fig. 4A)..... gibberum = Carapace only slishtlyselevated behind-ocular areas, ae 3) 3 Carapace with a pair of oval sulci behind ocular area in dorsal view (Fig. DE) epee e Relatori biconcavum Sp. n. = Carapace without sulci behind ocular area (Figs 2A, 3A)................ + 4 The dorsal lobe of DSA large and with a somewhat flat-roof (Fig. 3C) 00.00 PIGRO EB DIM RE ET TT dentatum = The dorsal lobe of DSA only moderately elevated and with a point-top GES) Gon hoe eee a E a Le NA cambridgei 5 Ventral plate entirely covering PR, posterior margin of PMP almost SAONE (Ei), re de CLS cambridgei = Ventral plate partly covering PR, posterior margin of PMP deeply notched . . 6 6 Copulatory ducts long, about one and half circle, apical part point Cbg AB) 2.2 e Sen Bee gibberum 854 L. TU&S.LI - Copulatory ducts shortter, about one circle, apical part blunt and only shehtlysrollingr o; ae. nen NOR EEE 7 7 Copulatory openings large and EI= 1.2 (Fig. 1G)......... biconcavum sp. n. - Copulatory, openings smalland El= 5:5) Figs} MR) 4-2 ee dentatum 1. Gnathonarium biconcavum sp. n. Fig. 1 Holotype: 5 (IZCAS-Tu0041), shore of Ulungur Lake, Fuhai (also called Burultokay) District (47.1°N, 87.5°E), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, alt. 510 m, 11.VII.1991. The specimen was found under mats of grass covering the lakeshore. Paratypes: 2659 (IZCAS), same data as for holotype; 12 (IZCAS), Narat District (43.3°N, 84.0°E), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 30.VII.1991. Diagnosis. The male of G. biconcavum sp. n. is distinguished easily from all other Gnathonarium species by carapace having a pair of oval sulci and long, frontal- ly curved hairs behind ocular area (Figs 1A-B). The female can be distinguished by the posterior median plate with large copulatory openings and an exposed posterior recess (Fig. 1H). Description of male. TL 2.55, CL 1.25, CW 0.90, OL 1.50, OW 0.85. Carapace reddish brown. Rows of long hairs lying on the anteromedian part of the carapace, and bending downwards frontally. Behind ocular area, a pair of oval sulci on each side, with several circular pits in them and each pit bearing a short white hair. Eyes with black surroundings, AME smallest and ALE biggest, others subequal. AER recurved, PER straight, ALE and PLE close together; AME-AME equal to AME-ALE, less than AMEd; PME-PME slight longer than PMEd and PME-PLE shorter. Chelicerae brown, anterolaterally furnished with small warty granulations and with a tooth-like frontal process (Fig. 1G); promargin with four and retromargin with two teeth, first retro- marginal one bifurcated. Legs pale brown; length of legs: I 3.42 (0.95, 1.12, 0.80, 0.55), II 3.44 (0.90, 1.02, 1.00, 0.52), III 2.75 (0.80, 0.85, 0.65, 0.45), IV 3.75 (1.00, 1.25, 0.95, 0.55). Tibial spines: 2-2-1-1; Tm I: 0.63; Tm IV present. Sternum brown. Abdomen grey. Palp: Distal process of patella very small. Mesal tooth (MT) of tibial dorsal apophysis wider than in other species (Fig. IF). Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) strongly sclerotized, especially at apical tip, the dorsal lobe small and cone-shaped in retrolateral view (Fig. 1C). Description of female. Carapace without conspicuous modification, and cheli- cerae without tooth-like frontal process. Besides these, somatic characters of the female are same as in the male. Epigynum: Vase-like, cuticle of seminal receptacula and a pair of coiled copu- latory ducts clearly visible through the body wall. Posterior median plate (PMP) with large copulatory openings (CO) and large depressions (DE), EI= 1.2. Ventral plate short, most part of posterior recess (PR) exposed. Fic. 1 Gnathonarium biconcavum sp. n. A, carapace of male, lateral view; B, carapace of male, dorsal view; C, left male palp, retrolateral view; D, left male palp, prolateral view; E, embolus division, ventral view; F, palpal tibia, dorsal view; G, left chelicera of male, anterior view; H, epigynum, ventral view; I, vulva, dorsal view. [Scale lines: 0.1 mm]. 855 GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 856 L. TU & S. LI Etymology. The Latin adjective “biconcavus, -a, -um”, meaning two hollows on sides, refers to the two sulci on the dorsal surface of the carapace of male. Distribution. China (Xinjiang). 2. Gnathonarium cambridgei Schenkel, 1963 ley, 2 Gnathonarium cambridgei Schenkel, 1963: 114, fig. 67 (2). Gnathonarium cornigerum Zhu & Wen, 1980: 19, figs 2A-F (6 2); Hu, 1984: 193, figs 202.1-6 (3 2); Zhu & Shi, 1985: 114, figs 100A-F (G 2); Zhang, 1987: 126, figs 104.1-4 (8 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 169, figs 95N-O, 96J-K (6 2); Hu, 2001: 543, figs 364.1-5 (8 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 128, figs 67A-F (4 2). (Syn. n.) Gnathonarium phragmigerum Gao & Zhu, 1988: 350, figs 1-7 (¢ 2); Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 860, figs 16A-E (d 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 170, figs 96H-I, 97B-C (4 @). (Syn. n.) Gnathonarium flavidum Gao & Zhu, 1993: 28, figs 7-13 (d 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 169, figs 96D-E, O-P (3 ©). (Syn. n.) Type material examined. 19 (MNHNP AR12799, Potanin 56), type of G. cambridgei Schenkel, 1963, Donkyr City in Amdo (today’s name not clear), Gansu Province, leg. Dr G. N. Potanin, 14-15.1V.1885; 2582 (JLU), paratypes of G. cornigerum Zhu & Wen, 1980, from a small place called Beijiushui, Mt. Laoshan, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, leg. C. D. Zhu, 20.VII.1979; 3332 (JLU), paratypes of G. flavidum Gao & Zhu, 1993, between Yangri Town and Xinhua Town, Shennongjia Forest Region, Hubei Province, leg. J.C. Gao, 18.VIII.1986; 6829 (JLU), paratypes of G. phragmigerum Gao & Zhu, 1988, Yangri Town, Shennongjia Forest Region, Hubei Province, leg. J.C. Gao, 22. VII.1986. Additional material examined. 181% (UWBM), under outdoor deck, Brayton Drive, Anchorage 160’ 9599, Alaska (61.134°N, 149.852°W), USA, leg. B. S. Blitz, 15.IV.1990; 29 (UWBM), under outdoor deck, Brayton Drive, Anchorage 160° 9599, Alaska (61.134°N, 149.852°W), USA, leg. B. S. Blitz, 15.1V.1990; 12 (UWBM), in house, Cook Inlet area, Anchorage 0-350’, Alaska (61.15-25°N, 149.7-9°W), USA, leg. J. Strasenburgh, 14.VII.1989; 103252 (MHNG), the thermal spring, Mt. Songshan, Yanging District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 12.VII.2002; 1829 (IZCAS), Qiujiaba Village, Wen District, Gansu Province, alt. 2550 m, leg. J. H. Wang, 20.V1.1999; 1419 (IZCAS), Panqu District, Gansu Province, Shatan Forestry Centre, alt. 2350-2400 m, leg. J. Chen, 5.VII.1998; 24 (IZCAS), Kangding District, Sichuan Province, leg. X. J. Peng, 8.VIIL.2001; 1419 (IZCAS), Yutong, Kangding District, Sichuan Province, alt. 1500 m, 18.VIIL.1981; 18 (IZCAS), Guanding thermal spring, Kangding District, Sichuan Province, alt. 3700 m, 16.VIIL.1981; 39 (IZCAS), Xiushan District, Sichuan Province, 10.VI.1987; 29 (IZCAS), Changdu District, Tibet Autonomous Region, leg. X. J. Peng, 15.VI- 11.2001; 1¢12 (IZCAS), Riwogé District, Tibet Autonomous Region, leg. X. J. Peng, 18.VI- 11.2001; 19 (IZCAS), Maniganggo Town, Dégé District, Tibet Autonomous Region, leg. X. J. Peng, 11.VIIL.2001; 12 (IZCAS), Mt. Moirigkawagarbo, Degen District, Yunnan Province, 24.VII.1982; 12 (IZCAS), Mt. Liupanshan, Jingyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, leg. Y. Q. Tang, 4.VII.1988; 12 (IZCAS), Qiugianjia, Mt. Liupanshan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, leg. Y. Q. Tang, 6.VII.1988; 3¢32 (IZCAS), Beijing City, 1974-1976; 19 (IZCAS), Yuanmingyuan Park, Beijing City, 19.VII.2002; 12 (IZCAS), Hanshigiao Natural Reservoir, Shunyi District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 11.VII.2002; 1¢42 (IZCAS), Badaling Great Wall, Yanging District, Beijing City, 3.VII.1974; 1859 (IZCAS), Badaohe Village, Yanqing District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 7.VII.2002; 62 (IZCAS), Xiadelongwan Village, Yanging District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 18.VIII.2002; 1439 (IZCAS), Baoshansi Village, Yanging District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 19.VIII.2002; 308382 (IZCAS), the thermal spring, Mt. Songshan, Yanging District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 12.VII.2002; 49 (IZCAS), Songshan Forest Center, Mt. Songshan, Yanging District, Beijing City, leg. L. H. Tu, 14.VIL.2002; 653602 (IZCAS), Mt. Jingdongdaxiagu, Pinggu District, Beijing City, leg. S. Q. Li, 11.VII.2002; 22 (IZCAS), Chaoyang District, Liaoning Province, VII.1985; 1822 (IZ- CAS), Tianjun District, Qinghai Province, alt. 3450 m, leg. X. J. Peng, 17.IX.2001; 19 (IZCAS), Mt. Qingshashan, Pingan District, Qinghai Province, leg. M. Wu, 14.VI.1997; 19 (IZCAS), GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 857 Maixiu Forest Center, Tongren District, Qinghai Province, leg. M. Wu, 14.VI.1997; 29 (IZ- CAS), Beishan National Nature Forest Park, Qinghai Province, leg. M. Wu, 7.VI.1997; 8479 (IZCAS), Hunan Province, leg. J. C. Gao, V.1985; 65112 (IZCAS), Hunan Province, leg. J. C. Gao, V.1985; 19 (IZCAS), Mt. Changbaishan, Jilin Province, 26.VII.1987; 2439 (IZCAS), Mt. Longgishan, Jiangle District, Fujian Province, 16-20.VIII.1991; 59 (IZCAS), Kongcun Village, Yongnian District, Hebei Province, leg. S. Q. Li, 18.IX.1994. Diagnosis. The carapace shape is similar to that of G. dentatum, without con- spicuous modification, but the male is easily recognized by its slightly sclerotized dis- tal suprategular apophysis (DSA) with a low conical lobe dorsally (Fig. 2C), and the female by its epigynum having posterior median plate with very large copulatory open- ings (CO) and depressions (DE), and with a straight posterior margin (Fig. 2F). Description. TL 2.47-2.94. Carapaces of both sexes as illustrated in Fig. 2A, without conspicuous modification, ocular area slightly protruding over clypeus, some hairs lying behind ocular area. Chelicerae of both sexes with warty granulations antero- laterally; promargin with six teeth, retromargin with four; the first one on retromargin bifurcated; male also with a large frontal tooth-like process bearing a fine hair at the tip (Fig. 2B). TmI0.58- 0.61. Tm IV present. Measurements and a detailed description of the somatic morphology were provided by Zhu & Wen (1980) and Gao & Zhu (1988, 1993). Male palp (Figs 2C-E): Distal process on patella seemingly bigger than in oth- er species. Mesal tooth of tibial apophysis (MT) triangular, smaller than in the new species. Fleshy protegulum boat-shaped (in some specimens slightly contracted and metamorphosed). Anterior part of tegulum with a distinct anteroventral cornu (ATC). Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) much more slender and less sclerotized, and most importantly, with smaller dorsal conical lobe than in other species. Epigynum (Figs 2F-G): Posterior median plate (PMP) with the largest copula- tory openings (CO) and depressions (DE) in currently known species of Gnathonarium. Ventral plate very large, posteriorly widening and entirely covering posterior recess (PR) of posterior median plate (PMP), acting as a septum between both copulatory openings; posterior margin of posterior median plate almost straight. Copulatory ducts longer than those in G. biconcavum sp. n., and apical part turning posteriorly. Distribution. China (Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), USA (Alaska). Remarks. A comparison of the holotype of G. cambridgei Schenkel, 1963 and paratypes of G. cornigerum Zhu & Wen, 1980, G. phragmigerum Gao & Zhu, 1988, G. flavidum Gao & Zhu, 1993 by us has revealed that they all are conspecific, and accordingly G. cornigerum, G. phragmigerum, and G. flavidum are herein regarded as Junior synonyms of G. cambridgei. The distinctions observed by Gao & Zhu (1988, 1993) are due to intraspecific variation and different angles of view. Furthermore, Gao & Zhu (1988) emphasized that G. cambridgei should not be placed in the genus Gnathonarium because of the absence of a Tm IV. However, when checking the type of G. cambridgei we noticed that though the hair of Tm IV was missing, its socket was well discernible. 858 L. TU & S. LI FIG. 2 Gnathonarium cambridgei Schenkel, 1963. A, carapace of male, lateral view; B, left chelicera of male, anterior view; C, left male palp, retrolateral view; D, left male palp, prolateral view; E, embolus division, ventral view; F, epigynum, ventral view; G, vulva, dorsal view. [Scale lines: 0.1 mm]. GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 859 3, Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834) Fig. 3 Theridion dentatum Wider, 1834: 229, pl.15, fig. 8 (d 9). Gnathonarium dentatum: Anonymous, 1977: 37, figs SA-F (d 2); Song, 1980: 155, figs 83A-F (8 2); Hu, 1984: 194, figs 203.1-4 (4 2); Guo, 1985: 105, figs 2-47.1-3 (6 2); Zhu & Shi, 1985: 115, figs 101A-E (dg 2); Song, 1987: 150, figs 111 (4 2); Zhang, 1987: 127, figs 105.1-5 (6 2); Feng, 1990: 134, figs 109.1-5 (6 9); Chen & Gao, 1990: 108, figs 135A-B (dg 2); Chen & Zhang, 1991: 176, figs 174.1-6 (6 2); Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 860, figs 14A-D (6 ©); Zhao, 1993: 183, figs 84A-C (4 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 169, figs 96A, L (6 ©); Hu, 2001: 544, figs 365.1-4 (4 2); Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 129, figs 68A-F (d 9). Material examined. 2322 (NMB, KATNR 296), Kloster Tschokurtan (today’s name not clear), Gansu Province, leg. Dr G. N. Potanin, 07.04.1886; 2449 (MHNG), Dashitou Town, Jilin Province, leg. Y. Tao, 28.VII.1988; 4639 (IZCAS, Tu0007), Shandan District, Gansu Province, leg. X. P. Wang, 1.VIII.1988; 12 (IZCAS), Yangri Town to Xinhua Town, Shennongjia Forest Region, Hubei Province, leg. S.Q. Li, 18.VIIL.1986; 64139 (IZCAS), Chunhua District, Jilin Province, leg. J.C. Gao, 17.VIIL.1990; 86122 (IZCAS, Tu0008), Kongcun Village, Yongnian District, Hebei Province, leg. S. Q. Li, VI-XII.1994; 32 (IZCAS), Kongcun Village, Yongnian District, Hebei Province, leg. S. Q. Li, VI-XII. 1994; 15 (IZCAS), Liaoning Province, 1985; 2512 (IZCAS), Yuanmingyuan Park, Beijing City, leg. S.Q. Li, 11.V.1990; 2312 (IZCAS), Mt. Xiangshan, Beijing City, leg. S.Q. Li, 25.X.1987; 19 (IZCAS), Bameng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, leg. S. Y. Yu, 17.V.1980; 13 (IZCAS), Xiaoxi Natural Reservoir, Xiushan District, Sichuan Province, 9.VI.1989; 1819 (IZCAS), Qapgal Xibe Autonomous District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 5.VII.1991; 14 (IZCAS), Liuba District, Shaanxi Province, leg. J. Chen, 20.VII.1998. Diagnosis. Shape of carapace similar to that of G. cambridgei, but the male is easily recognized by the distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) having a large dorsal lobe with a flat-roof (Fig. 3C) and the female by having a posterior median plate with small copulatory openings (CO) and depressions (DE), as well as a large posterior recess (PR) (Fig. 3F). Description. TL 1.83-2.42. Carapaces of both sexes as illustrated in Fig. 3A, without conspicuous modification, ocular area protruding slightly over clypeus, with some hairs lying behind ocular area. Chelicerae of both sexes with warty granulations anterolaterally, promargin with six teeth, retromargin with four, the first one of retro- margin bifurcated; male with an additional tooth-like frontal process, with a fine hair at its tip (Fig. 3B). Tm I 0.58- 0.59. Tm IV present. Measurements and a detailed de- scription of the somatic morphology were provided by Wider (1834). Male palp (Figs 3C-E): Distal process of patella small. Mesal tooth of tibial apophysis (MT) triangular, smaller than in G. biconcavum sp. n.. Distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) dominated by a large dorsal lobe with the roof almost flat. Unlike in G. cambridgei, anterior part of tegulum without conspicuous anteroventral cornu. Epigynum (Figs 2-3F): Copulatory ducts seemingly shorter than in G. cam- bridgei, about one circle with its apicle part blunt and slightly rolled. Posterior medi- an plate with very small copulatory openings (CO) and depressions (DE), EI= 5.53, ventral plate covering most part of posterior recess (PR), posterior margin of posterior median plate deeply notched. Distribution. Palearctic. In China the species was found in Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang. 860 L. TU & S. LI pere — GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 861 4. Gnathonarium gibberum Oi, 1960 Fig. 4 Gathonarium gibberum Oi, 1960: 149, figs 44-49; Anonymous, 1977: 37, figs 6A-E; Zhu et al., 1980: 158, figs 84A-E; Wang, 1981: 109, figs S0A-C; Hu, 1984: 194, figs 204.1-4; Guo, 1985: 106, figs 2-48.1-2; Song, 1987: 152, fig 112; Zhang, 1987: 128, figs 106.1-3; Feng, 1990: 135, figs 110.1-5; Chen & Gao, 1990: 109, figs 136a-b; Chen & Zhang, 1991: 177, figs 175.1-5; Song, Zhu & Li, 1993: 860, figs 15A-E; Zhao, 1993: 185, figs 85A-D; Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 170, figs 96F-G, 97A; Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 131, figs 69A-E. Material examined. 13 19 (MHNG), Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 2. VI.1979; 19 (IZCAS), Sanmen District, Zhejiang Province, VI.1979; 22 (IZCAS), Sanmen District, Zhejiang Province, leg. S. X. Zheng; 16 (IZCAS), Guoliang Farm, Liangdu Town, Yuhang District, Zhejiang Province, 15.X.1966; 1839 (IZCAS), Beijing, VII.1974; 18 (IZCAS), Honggi Town, Guangji District, Hubei Province, 27.VII.1976. Diagnosis. The male of G. gibberum is easily distinguishable from all other Chinese Gnathonarium species by the carapace having a large, hump-like elevation be- hind the ocular area (Fig. 4A). The epigynum (Fig. 4C) is very similar to that of G. den- tatum, but can be distinguished by its longer copulatory ducts (CD), with a point apex (Figs 4F, G). Description. TL 2.00-3.00. Carapace of male rising into large lobe behind ocu- lar area; a deep groove lying between lobe and ocular area, and plenty of hairs present in groove and on lobe (Fig. 4A). Carapace of female as in other species, without con- spicuous modification. Chelicerae of both sexes with warty granulations anterolateral- ly, promargin with five teeth, retromargin with four, the first one of retromargin bifur- cated; male with an additional tooth-like frontal process, with a fine hair at its tip (Fig. 4B). Tm I 0.62- 0.66. Tm IV present. Measurements and a detailed description of the somatic morphology were provided by Oi (1960). Male palp (Figs 4C-E): Distal process of patella blunt. Morphological charac- ters of male palp almost the same as in G. dentatum. See diagnosis and description of G. dentatum for more details. It is difficult to distinguish the two species by the male palp only. Epigynum (Figs 4F-G): Copulatory ducts (CD) longer than those of G. denta- tum, about one and half circle, with a point apex (Fig. 4F; cf Fig. 3F). Posterior medi- an plate with small copulatory openings (CO) and depressions (DE), EI= 3.09, poste- rior margin of posterior median plate notched. Distribution. China, Korea, Japan and Russia. In China the species was found in Beijing, Hubei and Zhejiang. FIG. 3 Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834). A, carapace of male, lateral view; B, left chelicera of male, anterior view; C, left male palp, retrolateral view; D, left male palp, prolateral view; E, embolus division, ventral view; F, epigynum, ventral view; G, vulva, dorsal view. [Scale lines: 0.1 mm]. ee 862 L. TU & S. LI | Fic. 4 Gnathonarium gibberum Oi, 1960. A, carapace of male, lateral view; B, left chelicera of male, anterior view; C, left male palp, retrolateral view; D, left male palp, prolateral view; E, embolus ! division, ventral view; F, epigynum, ventral view; G, vulva, dorsal view. [Scale lines: 0.1 mm]. GNATHONARIUM SPIDERS OF CHINA 863 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr Peter Schwendinger (MHNG), Dr Michael I. Saaristo (University of Turku, Finland) and Dr Xinping Wang (Brooks Center for Rehabilitation Studies at the University Florida and the Rehabilitation Outcomes Research Center at the Malcom Randall VA Medical center in Gainesville, Florida, USA) for their critical review of the previous version of the present paper. Special thanks are given to Dr Rod Crawford (UWBM), Dr Jiuchun Gao (JLU), Dr Ambros Haenggi (NMB) and Dr Christine Rollard (MNHNP) for the loan of the studied material. This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30270183, 30370263), by the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (NSFC-J0030092), and partly also by the Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. REFERENCES ANONYMOUS. 1977. Identification of the common species of Micryphantidae from the farm field. Chinese Journal of Zoology (2): 36-37. [In Chinese] BÖSENBERG, W. & STRAND, E. 1906. Japanische Spinnen. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 30: 93-422. CHEN, X. E. & Gao, J. C. 1990. The Sichuan farmland spiders in China. Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, Chengdu, 226 pp. [In Chinese] CHEN, Z. F. & ZHANG, Z. H. 1991. Fauna of Zhejiang: Araneida. Zhejiang Science and Techno- logy Publishing House, Chengdu, 356 pp. [In Chinese] FENG, Z. Q. 1990. Spiders of China in colour. Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, Changsha, 256 pp. [In Chinese] Gao, J. C. & ZHU, C. D. 1988. A new species of spider of the genus Gnathonarium from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 13: 350-352. [In Chinese] Gao, J. C. & ZHU, C. D. 1990. Two new generic records and five new record species of Linyphiidae from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae). Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences 16: 152-155. [In Chinese] Gao, J. C. & ZHU, C. D. 1993. Two new spiders of genera Entelecara and Gnathonarium from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 18: 27-32. [In Chinese] Guo, J. F. (ed.). 1985. Farm spiders from Shaanxi Province. Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, Xi'an, 221 pp. [In Chinese] HORMIGA, G. 2002. Orsonwelles, a new genus of giant linyphiid spiders (Araneae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 369-448. Hu, J. L. 1984. The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Press of Science and Techniques, Tianjin, 482 pp. [In Chinese] Hu, J. L. 2001. Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 658 pp. [In Chinese] KARSCH, F. 1881. Verzeichniss der während der Rohlfs’schen Afrikanischen Expedition er- beuteten Myriopoden und Arachniden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte, Berlin 47: 1-14. Or, R. 1960. Linyphiid spiders of Japan. Journal of Institute of Polytechnics, Osaka City University 11(D): 137-244. PENG, X. J., Li, S. Q. & ROLLARD, C. 2003. A review of the Chinese jumping spiders studied by Dr E. Schenkel (Araneae: Salticidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 110 (1): 91-109. PLATNICK, N. I. 2004. The world spider catalog, version 5.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at: http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog81-87/index. html. 864 L. TU & S. LI SAARISTO, M. I. & KOPONEN, S. 1998. A review of northern Canadian spiders of the genus Agyneta (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with descriptions of two new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 566-583. SCHENKEL, E. 1963. Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. Mémoires du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (A, Zoologie) 25: 1-481. Song, D. X. 1987. Spiders from agricultural regions of China (Arachnida: Araneae). Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing, 376 pp. [In Chinese] Sona, D. X., ZHU, M. S. & CHEN, J. 1999. The spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp. Song, D. X., ZHU, M. S. & CHEN, J. 2001. The fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 510 pp. [In Chinese] Sona, D. X., ZHu, M. S. & Li, S. Q. 1993. Arachnida: Araneae. Animals of Longgi Mountain 1993: 852-890. [In Chinese] WANG, H. Q. 1981. Protection and utilization of spiders in paddy fields. Hunan Press of Science and Technology, Changsha, 188 pp. [In Chinese] WIDER, F. 1834. Beschreibung der Arachniden. In: REUSS, A. Zoologische Miscellen. Arach- niden. Museum Senckenbergianum 1: 195-276, Tafeln XIV-XVIIL. ZHANG, W. S. 1987. Farm spiders from Hebei Province. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 299 pp. [In Chinese] ZHAO, J. Z. 1993. Spiders in the cotton fields in China. Wuhan Publishing House, Wuhan, China, 552 pp. [in Chinese] ZHu, C. D. & WEN, Z. G. 1980. A preliminary report of Micryphantidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from China. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences 6: 17-24. [In Chinese] ZHU, C. D. et al. 1980. Farm Spiders. Science Press, Beijing, 247 pp. [In Chinese] ZHu, M. S. & Sui J. G. 1985. Crop field spiders of Shanxi Province. Agriculture Planning Committee of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 239 pp. [In Chinese] REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 865-875; décembre 2004 Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., the first representative of Prionoglarididae from the Oriental Region (Insecta: Psocoptera) Charles LIENHARD Muséum d’histoire naturelle, c. p. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. E-mail: charles.lienhard@mhn.ville-ge.ch Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., the first representative of Priono- glarididae from the Oriental Region (Insecta: Psocoptera). - Siamo - glaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n. is described and illustrated from a male spe- cimen collected in Thailand. The new genus is closely related to the Palaearctic genus Prionoglaris Enderlein. Illustrations of the type species of that genus, P. stygia Enderlein, are also given. The systematic position of these two genera within the family Prionoglarididae is discussed and the family is subdivided into two subfamilies: Prionoglaridinae Badonnel and Speleketorinae Smithers. A key to the adults of the genera of the family Prionoglarididae is provided. Keywords: Prionoglaridinae - Speleketorinae - Prionoglaris - Speleketor - Sensitibilla - new genus - new species - mouthparts - cave fauna - Thailand. INTRODUCTION The family Prionoglarididae (sensu Mockford, 1984 and Lienhard, 2000), at present assigned to the suborder Trogiomorpha and the infraorder Psocathropetae, comprises the following three genera: Prionoglaris Enderlein, 1909 (three species known), Speleketor Gurney, 1943 (three species) and Sensitibilla Lienhard, 2000 (monotypic) (cf. Lienhard & Smithers, 2002 and Lienhard, 2000). A family diagnosis can be found in Mockford (1993) and Lienhard (1998). The distribution of all known species is discussed in detail by Lienhard (2000) and an exhaustive bibliography concerning synonymies and faunistics is presented by Lienhard & Smithers (2002). The three genera have a vicariant distribution on different continents: Prionoglaris is known from the western Palaearctic (reaching east to Afghanistan), Speleketor from the Nearctic (southern USA) and Sensitibilla from the Ethiopian Region (Namibia). Most species live predominantly in caves or similar subterranean habitats (under stones or within rocky debris) (cf. Badonnel & Lienhard, 1994 and Lienhard, 2000). In this paper the first representative of this family from the Oriental Region is described from a single male collected in a dry stream bed near Wang Badan Cave in western central Thailand. The new species is related to the genus Prionoglaris, but it is unique in many aspects of its morphology, so that the erection of a new genus appears justified. Manuscript accepted 14.07.2004 866 C. LIENHARD The following abbreviations are used in the descriptions: BL = body length (in alcohol); IO/D = shortest distance between compound eyes divided by anteroposterior diameter of compound eye in dorsal view of head; P1-P4 = articles of maxillary palpus; fl, f2, f3, ...= antennal flagellomeres; F = hindfemur; T = hindtibia; t1, t2, t3 = tarsomeres of hindtarsus (lengths measured from condyle to condyle); FW = forewing; PS = pterostigma of forewing; HW = hindwing. For standard abbreviations concerning wing venation, see Lienhard (1998). DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TAXA Siamoglaris gen. n. Diagnosis (see also key to the genera of Prionoglarididae, below). General habi- tus very similar to Prionoglaris (cf. Plate 1A). Differing from Prionoglaris by the following characters. Compound eye with distinct colour pattern (Fig. 1a). Maxillary palpus relatively short, about half of head length (measured in frontal view, from edge of vertex to tip of labrum), with P3 shorter than half of P4 (Fig. 10). Terminal article of labial palpus shorter than twice its width (Fig. 8). Vein an2 of forewing present (Fig. 3). Preapical claws strikingly asymmetrical, membranous extension of anterior preapical claw of each leg strongly developed, covering almost the whole claw (Fig. 5). Phallosome (Fig. 11): medioventral process short and rounded, with a pair of mem- branous ventrolateral blisters; mediointernal process well-developed, apically with a pair of sclerotized claspers; dorsolateral processes (= external parameres?, see “Discussion”) well-developed, bearing some lateral pores. Type species. Siamoglaris zebrina sp. n. Etymology. The genus name is of feminine gender and refers to the country of origin of its type species (Siam is an old name for Thailand) and to the most closely re- lated genus Prionoglaris (“glaris” is the Greek word for chisel, referring to the lacinia which shows a very particular morphology in these genera). Siamoglaris zebrina sp. n. Figs 1 and 3-15 MATERIAL Holotype . THAILAND (Kanchanaburi Province, Sai Yok District): near Wang Badan Cave, ca. 2 km N of Sai Yok Noi Waterfall (14° 14” N, 99° 03” E), 220 m, dry stream bed (on low vegetation), 9.XII.2003, leg. P. Schwendinger (TH-03/17). Deposited at the Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva (Switzerland). The specimen has been completely dissected and mounted on four slides. Before mounting its exoskeleton the pterothorax has been sent to Kazunori Yoshizawa (Sapporo) for DNA extraction, after having detached all wings and legs. NOTE: The type locality is situated very close to Wang Badan Cave, about 200-300 m from its main entrance, in a rocky limestone region full of subterranean crevices (cf. remarks on biology, below). PLATE 1 Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein (from cave “Grotte inférieure du Queire”, French Pyrenees, cf. Lienhard, 1988). A: live male, habitus. B: male, mouthparts (slide-mounted, in occipital view, L = remnant of lacinia). C: nymph, mouthparts (slide-mounted, in frontal view; L = lacinia, retracted on right side). SIAMOGLARIS ZEBRINA GEN. N., SP. N. 867 HN ANR nl 868 C. LIENHARD ETYMOLOGY The epithet zebrinus (-a, -um) refers to the banded eyes recalling the colour pat- tern of a zebra. DESCRIPTION (male holotype, female not known) Coloration. Head (Fig. la) yellowish to light brown, with some small dark brown patches of hypodermal pigmentation. Compound eye yellowish grey with black transversal bands (observed after one month in alcohol; six months later the ground colour had turned to dark grey and the bands were hardly visible). Antenna medium brown. Maxillary palpus dark brown, except for whitish apical half of P4. Thorax yellowish to medium brown with some small dorsal and lateral spots of brown hypo- dermal pigment on pterothorax. Membrane of wings unmarked (Figs 3, 4), completely transparent also in PS, wing veins brown. Legs light to medium brown, tibiae with a dark brown external spot in 1/3 and 1/2 of their length and with a dark brown subapical ring (hypodermal pigment); first tarsomeres medium brown, apical 1/4 light brown, second and third tarsomeres rather dark brown. Abdomen yellowish, dorsally with numerous patches of dark brown hypodermal pigment, same pigment also ventrally in basal half. Phallosome and other terminalia light brown. Morphology. Head (Fig. 1a) much longer than wide in frontal view. Edge of vertex regularly rounded. Vertical suture distinct, frontal suture absent, ocelli well- developed. Compound eye relatively large and prominent. Bulging postclypeus and epistomal suture not differentiated, head capsule flat or slightly concave from frontal ocellus to anterior region of clypeus, the latter slightly bulging (Figs la, b). Antenna long and slender, flagellomeres with annulate sculpture. Distal half of both antennae broken off, on both sides only the eight most basal flagellomeres remaining (length of incomplete antenna from base of scape to tip of f8 about 2.6 mm, see also “Measure- ments”). Maxillary palpus relatively short (Figs la, 10), about half of head length (measured in frontal view, from edge of vertex to tip of labrum), P3 slightly shorter than half of P4, P2 without sensory spur. Labial palpus with two articles, terminal one shorter than twice its width, with two thin-walled sensilla distally to middle of inner side (Fig. 8). Distal margin of labrum with a row of 5 placoids, each containing a very short conical sensillum (Fig. 13). Mandibles (Fig. 12) sickle-shaped, slightly asymmetrical, with rounded apex, lacking chewing sculpture on molar region, inner margin of incisive part with a row of small denticles, outer margin slightly serrate. Hypopharynx (Fig. 9) very similar to Prionoglaris (cf. Lienhard, 1998: fig. 39a), with characteristical basal sclerite; oval lingual sclerites not differentiated; tubular filaments very weakly differen- tiated, not fused in basal part; margin of lingua densely covered with very fine micro- trichia. Lacinia virtually absent, only a microscopical remnant (Fig. 7; length about 100 um) visible at high magnification after slide-mounting of the head. Wings as in Figs 3 and 4, similar to Prionoglaris, but vein an2 present in forewing. Wing margin and veins (except for pcu) with very sparse microscopical pilosity, these hairs somewhat stouter and longer on veins of hindwing, especially in apical half. Legs with uniform short overall pilosity, lacking trichobothria, with some short spine-like setae on tibiae and tarsi. Pearman’s organ of hindcoxa well-developed, midcoxa with a hyaline tubercle on inner side. Preapical claws of all legs strikingly SIAMOGLARIS ZEBRINA GEN. N., SP.N. 869 Fics 1-2 Fig. 1. Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., male holotype: a, head in frontal view (pilosity not shown); b, head in dorsal view (pilosity and coloration not shown, cross-hatched region flat or slightly concave). - Fig. 2. Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein, male (from type locality, cf. Figs 16-18): idem. Scale lines = 0.5 mm. asymmetrical, lacking preapical tooth (Figs 5, 6). Anterior claw bearing a large mem- branous extension enveloping almost the whole claw, leaving only the tip of the anterior claw uncovered; the surface of these membranous structures covered with short and fine microtrichia or denticles (Fig. 5). Each anterior claw with an elongate basal process bearing also some microtrichia, and with a slender hair-like basal filament on inner side (Fig. 5). Posterior claw much simpler than anterior one, lacking membranous extension, with a relatively short basal process bearing some small microtrichia in its basal half (Fig. 6). Male terminalia. Epiproct and paraproct (Fig. 14) similar to Prionoglaris stygia (Fig. 16). Epiproct regularly rounded, its pilosity relatively sparse, limited to posterior third. Paraproct densely pilose, with some longer setae on the slightly bulged dorsal part, lacking setae with basal rosettes, inner margin of paraproct strongly sclerotized, no marginal spine present. Hypandrium simple (Fig. 15), pilosity mostly in apical half, hind margin regularly rounded, basal angles with a slightly sclerotized stylus-like structure on each side. Phallosome (Fig. 11) an elongated slightly sclerotized sac (length 0.6 mm), roughly circular in cross-section, bearing the following relatively 870 C. LIENHARD weakly sclerotized apical processes (homologous structures described by Lienhard, 1988, 1998, for Prionoglaris mentioned in parentheses): medioventral process “äusserer Medianfortsatz”, “appendice médio-ventral”), mediointernal process 99 66 (“innerer Medianfortsatz”, “appendice médio-interne”), a pair of dorsolateral process- es (“Lateralfortsätze”, “appendices dorso-lateraux”). Medioventral process short and rounded, almost hemispherical, bearing a pair of membranous ventrolateral blisters (shown in their inflated state in Fig. 11). Mediointernal process well-developed, with a pair of sclerotized and apically slightly hooked claspers (subtriangular in lateral view, Fig 11b) in its apical region and a small mediodistal protrusion. These structures partly covered by complex membranous swellings (shown in their inflated state in Fig. 11). Dorsolateral processes (not covered by these membranes) elongate, finger-like and bearing some pores on their lateral margin and some short apical hairs. Dorsolateral processes originating near mid-line of dorsal side of the phallosome (Fig. 11a) and in situ laterally prominent, situated close to ventral base of paraprocts, slightly ventrally directed in lateral view (Fig. 11b). Measurements ( holotype; in um except for BL, FW, HW). BL = [1.6 mm] (abdomen strongly shrunk); FW = 3.4 mm; HW = 2.2 mm; F = 740; T = 1290; t1 = 710; t2 = 155; t3 = 163; IO/D = 1.14; flagellomeres of both antennae: fl = 790/790; f2 = 270/280; f3 = 350/340; f4 = 240/250; f5 = 230/240; f6 = 200/200; f7 = 160/170; f8 = 200/200. NOTE: Both antennae are damaged in the holotype (see “Morphology”). The remaining eight flagellomeres of both antennae are practically equal in length (see measurements above). This indicates that the antennae of this specimen were not sub- jected to an asymmetrical regenerative length growth of the remaining flagellomeres after having been damaged during nymphal life, as it often can be observed in the sub- orders Trogiomorpha and Troctomorpha (cf. Seeger, 1975). BIOLOGY Very little is known about the biology of S. zebrina. However, the specialization of the mouthparts and the situation of the type locality (see Material”) suggest that the biology of this species is similar to that of Prionoglaris (cf. Badonnel & Lienhard, 1994): i.e. larval development essentially in subterranean habitats (in caves or under stones in rocky debris), adults sometimes also found outside caves (according to A. Baz, in litt. 1999, P. stygia has been captured several times outside caves in Spain, in Malaise traps and on vegetation). KEY TO ADULTS OF THE GENERA OF PRIONOGLARIDIDAE NOTE: Figures concerning the diagnostic characters of Speleketor and Sensitibilla have been published by Gurney (1943), Mockford (1984, 1993) and Lienhard (2000). For Prionoglaris see Figs 2 and 16-18, Plate 1A-C and figures published by Lienhard (1988, 1998). Due to the striking metamorphosis during adult moult in Prionoglaris (and very probably also in Siamoglaris), many features of mouthparts and pretarsal claws of nymphs of Prionoglaridinae differ greatly from those described here for adults (see Lienhard, 1988, 1998). In particular the rod-like laciniae, typical for nymphs and adults of all other Psocoptera but strongly reduced in adults of Prionoglaridinae, are well-differentiated in nymphs of this subfamily (cf. Plate 1C). SIAMOGLARIS ZEBRINA GEN. N., SP. N. 871 Bulging postclypeus, epistomal suture, epipharyngeal sclerite, cup-like cibarial sclerite (hypopharynx), oval lingual sclerites (hypopharynx) and rod-like laciniae well-differentiated, as usually in Psocoptera. P2 with a small subbasal sensory spur. Distal margin of labrum with a row of 5 setiform sensilla. Legs with some trichobothria. Pretarsal claws symmetrical, with a preapical tooth (or short filament), lacking basal process or filament and membranous extension ........... Speleketorinae 2 Bulging postclypeus, epistomal suture, epipharyngeal sclerite, cup-like cibarial sclerite and oval lingual sclerites not differentiated, laciniae reduced to a microscopical remnant (only visible at high magnification after slide-mounting of the head, cf. Plate 1B). P2 without sensory spur. Distal margin of labrum with a row of 5 placoids, each containing a very short conical sensillum (Figs 13, 17). Legs lacking trichobothria. Pretarsal claws asymmetrical, usually with a basal process and/or filament and lacking preapical tooth, anterior claw of each leg bearing a IMCMPFADOUS'CXIENSIONE ER Re TR LE Prionoglaridinae 3 Forefemur with a longitudinal row of articulated spines on anterior face. Trichobothria present on femora and on some trochanters. Female genitalia: ovipositor valvula simple and not fused to subgenital plate 3 © 0.0 NE ET EN CR REN A OI Speleketor Gurney Forefemur only with a longitudinal row of normal short hairs on anterior face. Trichobothria present on tibiae and hindtarsus. Female genitalia: ovipositor valvula basally fused to subgenital plate, with a distal process bearinospine-like;setae1. 2 ye achat ey wenn Sensitibilla Lienhard Compound eye with striking colour pattern (Fig. 1a) (only distinct in living and freshly killed animals!). Maxillary palpus relatively short, about half of head length (measured in frontal view, from edge of vertex to tip of labrum), with P3 shorter than half of P4 (Fig. 10). Terminal article of labial palpus shorter than twice its width, with two thin-walled sensilla distally to middle of inner side (Fig. 8). Vein an? of forewing present (Fig. 3). Membranous extension of anterior preapical claw of each leg strongly developed, covering almost the whole claw (Fig. 5). Phallosome (Fig. 11): medioventral process short and rounded, with a pair of membranous ventrolateral blisters; mediointernal process well- developed, with a pair of sclerotized and apically slightly hooked claspers; dorsolateral processes well-developed, bearing some lateral OTE SH ee per Rae nein pir il pel hl a alls eke Uda Siamoglaris gen. n. Compound eye uniform in colour (yellowish grey to greenish in living and freshly killed animals, dark grey to black in old alcohol material). Maxillary palpus much longer than half of head length, with P3 longer than half of P4 (Fig. 2a, Plate 1B). Terminal article of labial palpus elon- gate, length about twice its width, with two thin-walled sensilla basally to middle of inner side (Fig. 18, Plate 1B). Vein an2 of forewing absent. Membranous extension of anterior preapical claw of each leg developed as a ventrointernal vesicle, not reaching apex of claw. Phallosome: 872 C. LIENHARD medioventral process elongate, longer than other phallic processes, lacking membranous blisters; mediointernal process short and simple, lacking apical claspers; dorsolateral processes well-developed, lake pores Era ner Prionoglaris Enderlein DISCUSSION According to Lienhard (2000) the family Prionoglarididae can be subdivided into two main groups, corresponding to two phylogenetic clades, one comprising the genera Speleketor and Sensitibilla, the other the genus Prionoglaris. The new genus Siamoglaris belongs without any doubt to the second clade, which is characterized by the strongly apomorphic morphology of head capsule, mouthparts and pretarsal claws (see key to genera). The first clade is defined by the synapomorphic presence of trichobothria on legs in both genera, which otherwise have preserved a plesiomorphic morphology of head and pretarsal claws and show only a slight tendency towards a metamorphosis of the mouthparts during adult moult. This metamorphosis, unique in Psocoptera, is complete in Prionoglaris and Siamoglaris. The very particular morphology of the phallosome in these genera, unique in Psocoptera, may be interpreted as an autapomorphy of the family (cf. Mockford, 1984). In males of Speleketor, Prionoglaris and Siamoglaris (the male of Sensitibilla is not yet known), the phallosome consists largely of a cuticular sac with a pair of “external parameres protruding posterolaterally” (cit. after Mockford, 1984: p. 179). In Speleketor the phallic sac is membranous and encloses some sclerotized structures (basal struts of Mockford, 1984). In Prionoglaris and Siamoglaris the phallic sac is itself sclerotized, lacking internal sclerotized structures but bearing two additional apical processes (medioventral process and mediointernal process). The posterolateral processes (dorsolateral processes of Prionoglaris and Siamoglaris) were interpreted as external parameres in Speleketor by Mockford (1984: p. 171), because they bear some lateral pores. Such pores are also present in Siamoglaris but they could not be observed in Prionoglaris. In spite of the very similar, characteristical wing venation and the probably synapomorphic basic structure of the phallosome the above mentioned groups differ from each other in several characters which usually do not vary much within families of Psocoptera (e. g. morphology of head capsule, mouthparts, pretarsal claws and pilosity of legs). Therefore these groups are considered here as subfamilies, using the family-group names proposed by Smithers (1972: p. 337, Speleketoridae) and Badonnel (1943: p. 134, Prionoglaridinae, incorrectly spelled Prionoglarinae). For diagnoses of Speleketorinae and Prionoglaridinae, see key to genera. Fresh material of Prionoglaris, Sensitibilla and Siamoglaris has recently been sent to Kazunori Yoshizawa (Sapporo) for DNA extraction. The future analysis of DNA sequences and data on geographical distribution will hopefully give more information on the phylogeny of these interesting genera and on their position within the Psocoptera. SIAMOGLARIS ZEBRINA GEN.N.,SP.N. 873 Fics 3-11 Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., male holotype: 3, forewing; 4, hindwing; 5, anterior pretarsal claw of hindtarsus; 6, posterior pretarsal claw of hindtarsus; 7, remnant of lacinia (length about 100 um); 8, labial palpus (ventral view); 9, hypopharynx (frontal view); 10, maxillary palpus (pilosity not shown); 11, phallosome, a: ventral view, b: lateral view. 874 C. LIENHARD PIATTA Nate a It AS Ada cS Fics 12-18 Figs 12-15. Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., male holotype: 12, mandibles (frontal view); 13, sensilla on distal margin of labrum; 14, epiproct and paraprocts (in natural position but slightly deformed and right paraproct broken along dashed line); 15, hypandrium. - Figs 16-18. Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein, male (from cave “Compagnaga lecia”, French Pyrenees, type locality, cf. Lienhard, 1988): 16, epiproct and left paraproct; 17, sensilla on distal margin of labrum (same magnification as in Fig. 13); 18, labial palpus (ventral view, same magnification as in Fig. 8). SIAMOGLARIS ZEBRINA GEN. N., SP. N. 875 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Peter Schwendinger (Geneva) for his collecting efforts in Thailand and for critical reading of the manuscript, and to John Hollier (Geneva) for checking my English. REFERENCES BADONNEL, A. 1943. Psocopteres. Faune de France 42: 1-164. BADONNEL, A. & LIENHARD, C. 1994. Psocoptera (pp. 301-305). In: JUBERTHIE, C. & DECU, V. (eds). Encyclopaedia Biospeologica, tome I. Société de Biospeologie, Moulis, XII + 834 pp. ENDERLEIN, G. 1909. Biospeologica. XI. Copeognathen (Erste Reihe). Archives de Zoologie ex - perimentale et générale (5)1: 533-539, pl. XVIII. GURNEY , A. B. 1943. A synopsis of the psocids of the tribe Psyllipsocini, including the descrip- tion of an unusual new genus from Arizona (Corrodentia: Empheriidae: Empheriinae). Annals of the entomological Society of America 36: 195-220. LIENHARD, C. 1988. Vorarbeiten zu einer Psocopteren-Fauna der Westpaläarktis. IV. Die Gattung Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocoptera: Prionoglarididae). Mitteilungen der schweize- rischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 61: 89-108. LIENHARD, C. 1998. Psocopteres euro-méditerranéens. Faune de France 83: XX + 517 pp. LIENHARD, C. 2000. A new genus of Prionoglarididae from a Namibian cave (Insecta: Pso- coptera). Revue suisse de Zoologie 107(4): 871-882. LIENHARD, C. & SMITHERS, C. N. 2002. Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis 5. Museum d’histoire naturelle, Geneve, XLI + 745 pp. MOCKFORD, E. L. 1984. Two new species of Speleketor from southern California with comments on the taxonomic position of the genus (Psocoptera: Prionoglaridae). Southwestern Naturalist 29(2): 169-179. MOCKFORD, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Flora and Fauna Handbook 10. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, XVII + 455 pp. SEEGER, W. 1975. Funktionsmorphologie an Spezialbildungen der Fühlergeissel von Psocoptera und anderen Paraneoptera (Insecta); Psocodea als monophyletische Gruppe. Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 81: 137-159. SMITHERS, C. N. 1972. The classification and phylogeny of the Psocoptera. Australian Museum Memoirs 14: 1-349. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 877-887; décembre 2004 New species of Hybos from Guangxi, China (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae) Ding YANG!2 & Bernhard MERZ? ! Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. E-mail: dingyang @cau.edu.cn or dyangcau @ yahoo.com.cn 2 Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China. 3 Département d’Entomologie, Muséum d@’ histoire naturelle, c. p. 6434, CH-1211 Genéve 6, Switzerland. E-mail: bernhard.merz@mhn.ville-ge.ch New species of Hybos from Guangxi, China (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae). - The following species of Hybos from Guangxi (Southern China) are described, illustrated and compared with morphologically similar species: Hybos liui sp. n., H. quadriseta sp. n., and H. shuwenae sp. n. A key to the species of Hybos from Guangxi is presented. Keywords: Diptera - Hybotidae - Hybos - new species - key - China. INTRODUCTION Hybos Meigen is a cosmopolitan genus which belongs to the subfamily Hybotinae of the family Hybotidae. It is characterized by the following features (terminology after McAlpine, 1981 and Steyskal & Knutson, 1981): anal cell longer than basal cell, Rs rather short, R4+5 and MI divergent apically and basal cells sepa- rated by distinct vein M1+2 (Chväla, 1983). The Oriental region is the most diverse with 37 described species up to the mid eighties (Smith, 1975) and 9 species were known from the Palaearctic region (Chväla & Kovalev, 1989) prior to the extensive studies of the Chinese fauna which started some 20 years ago. Currently 67 species are known to occur in China. They have been mainly described by Yang & Yang (1986, 1987, 1988a, b, 1989, 1991, 1995a, b), Saigusa & Yang (2002) and Yang er al. (2002). The major references dealing with Hybos in the Old World are Brunetti (1920), Frey (1953), Smith (1965), Saigusa (1963, 1965) and Chväla (1983). Guangxi belongs to South China with a subtropical and tropical climate. Up to now 14 species of Hybos have been described from this region (Yang & Yang, 1986, 1995b). In the present paper, three species are described as new to science, based on the material collected by Ms Shuwen An and Mr Xingyue Liu by sweeping and with a light trap in Maoershan National Nature Reserve in 2003 (25.53°N, 110.25°E, North East of Guangxi). A key to the species of the genus from Guangxi is given. Manuscript accepted 01.07.2004 878 D. YANG & B. MERZ MATERIAL AND METHODS The specimens for this study are deposited in the following collections: CAU = Insect collection of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China MHNG = Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland The following abbreviations are used: acr = acrostichal, ad = anterodorsal, av = anteroventral, dc = dorsocentral, h = humeral, oc = ocellar, npl = notopleural, pd = pos- terodorsal, presc = prescutellar, psa = postalar, pv = posteroventral, v = ventral. KEY TO SPECIES OF HYBOS FROM GUANGXI (SOUTHERN CHINA) (MALES ONLY) 1 Femora chiefly yellow, at most hind femur partly or entirely black ............. 2 ls Femora' black, at most’apex of hind femur yellow: "NE NOM 6 2 Hind femur entirely yellow .. 2... 2.2.2.8. PR NE 5 pies Hind femur partly or entirely black." "me LIRE 4 3 Arista bare; scutellum black. Guangxi.............. H. nasutus Yang & Yang, 1986 35 Arista pubescent; scutellum yellow. Guangxi, Zhejiang OL OA TRENI H. flaviscutellum Yang & Yang, 1986 4 Hind femur partly black. ..;. -:- ». <4 2 oc «4 aes ols RE LOCO TE 5 4* Hind femur entirely black. Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Fujian . H. chinensis Frey, 1953 9) Hind femur tinged with black on apico-dorsal surface. Guangxi, Fujian, Henan RER to etna rio tO ER H. orientalis Yang & Yang, 1986 Sa Hind femur tinged with black on dorsal surface. Guangxi ME SR SEAN o H. guangxiensis Yang & Yang, 1986 6 Apex of hind femur yellow; arista bare. ..............%%. 25. ROSSORE U 6* Hind femur black ... ..... Pi ceca pw nn OSG RIN 8 U Mid tibia yellow. Guangxi, Fujian............ H. longshengensis Yang & Yang, 1986 16 Mid tibia black. Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian....... H. ancistroides Yang & Yang, 1986 8 Alll.tibiae:entinely black... .2..0 2203. nee Kar dei di ae See 9 8* Tibiae partly yellow. Guangxi, Guizhou........... H. basiflavus Yang & Yang, 1986 9 Firstsflagellomere black ... cir 15022 III OIA ee eee 10 9 First flagellomere yellow; fore and mid tarsi yellow. Guangxi U DI TO INTE E SOS TA H. acutatus Yang & Yang, 1986 10 Hind*tibia:medially with 1-2 ad’... 22. eS SP Se EN 11 102° Hind tibia'medially withoutiad .... 22 2.02 250 MEME PER ERNREE 12 11 Eindrtibiaswith had Güangxir er. EROS H. liui sp. n. 11* Hind tibia with 2 ad. Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Henan à ORLO SEES Oe I SESTO, OTO NC RAT PRE. ae te D H. ensatus Yang & Yang, 1986 12 Hypandrium not truncate apically ... 0... “u... erre OE 13 12* Hypandrium truncate apically. Guangxi............ H. truncatus Yang & Yang, 1986 13 Anista with'swollen tip (Eie. 112), (Guangxi rie ARE H. shuwenae sp. n. SEA »Arista.evenly thin’atap ... 2.2.2... 2.2 TA TEO ARIE NATE E 14 14 Arista short pubescent (rays about as long as basal diameter of arista) ............ IS 14 AtristalbareyGuansxall. visconti TA dee AR e H. maoershanus Yang & Yang, 1995 15 Fore tibia without v or pv, mid tibia without apical av. Guangxi Oe CU SWR APRES EP ae ee dr OMIS ST ue à à H. starki Yang & Yang, 1995 15* Fore tibia either with 3 very long v or 3 long pv; mid tibia with 1 apicalv.......... 16 Fore tibia with 3 very long v. Guangxi............ H. jinxiuensis Yang & Yang, 1986 ls (Fore tibia with 3) long: py. Guangxi 04 PRE Ei Seren H. quadriseta sp. n. NEW HYBOS FROM GUANGXI 879 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Hybos liui sp. n. Figs 1-6 MATERIAL Holotype male, Guangxi: Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Huajiang (350 m), 27. VI. 2003, Xingyue Liu (CAU). ETYMOLOGY The species is named after the collector Mr Xingyue Liu. DIAGNOSIS Wing slightly grayish. Legs entirely black. Hind tibia with 1 weak ad medially. DESCRIPTION (MALE) Measurements: Body length 4.2 mm, wing length 3.7 mm. Head: black, pale gray microtrichose. Eyes dark brown, enlarged upper facets brownish yellow, contiguous on frons for a long distance which is 3.0 times the length of the first flagellomere. Setae and setulae black; ocellar tubercle distinct, with one pair of long oc and 2 very short posterior setulae. Antenna black; scape without setulae; pedicel with a circle of subapical setulae; first flagellomere black without dorsal setulae; arista black, short pubescent except apical third bare. Proboscis black; palpus black with 1 long ventral setula apically. Thorax: black, pale grey microtrichose. Setae and setulae black; postpronotal lobe with black setulae; h absent, 2 npl (anterior npl short), acr in 6 more or less regular rows; dc in one row: 1 long posterior dc, 10 setulae anteriad; 1 long presc, 1 long psa; scutellum with 8 marginal setulae and 2 long subapical setae. Legs: entirely black, with black setae and setulae; fore and mid tibiae, first and second tarsomeres (except mid second tarsomere) with rather long setulae. Fore femur 1.25 times as wide as mid femur, with a row of long setulae-like pv; mid femur with some long setulae-like ad and one row of dense very long setulae-like pv; hind femur (Fig. 2) 2.1 times as wide as mid femur, with 3 preapical dorsal setae, and with about 3 rows of ventral spines located on weak tubercles, those of the av row (except 2 api- cal ones) are rather long and seta-like. Fore tibia (Fig. 1) with 1 ad at middle, 1 very short av and 1 very short pv apically; mid tibia with 2 ad medially, and 1 very long av apically; hind tibia with 1 weak ad at middle and with 1 long preapical pd. First mid tarsomere with 1 long ad in basal third and with 1 long ad at tip. First and second hind tarsomeres with short, strong v. Wing: slightly tinged with grayish; veins dark brown; stigma longer than half the length of rl along costa, dark brown. Squama dark yellow, bordered with pale setulae. Halter brown. Abdomen: slightly curved downward, black, grey microtrichose. Setulae black. Male genitalia (Figs 3-6): left tergal lobe with long finger-like inner process, left surstylus hook-like; right tergal lobe with two short finger-like marginal processes, right surstylus curved medially with nearly straight dorsal margin; hypandrium rather wide, nearly as wide as long, distinctly incised apically, with two groups of dense long lateral setae. Female. Unknown. 880 D. YANG & B. MERZ Fics 1-6 Hybos liui sp. n. (male, holotype). 1, fore tibia, posterior view; 2, hind femur, anterior view; 3, genitalia, dorsal view; 4, right surstylus; 5, left surstylus; 6, hypandrium, ventral view. NEW HYBOS FROM GUANGXI 881 DISTRIBUTION China (Guangxi). REMARKS The new species is somewhat similar to Hybos maoershanus Yang & Yang from Guangxi by the rather short hypandrium. A. liui can be easily separated from the latter by the hind tibia with 1 ad at middle and pubescent arista. In A. maoershanus, the hind tibia has no ad at middle, and the arista is bare (Yang & Yang, 1995b). Hybos quadriseta sp. n. Figs 7-11 MATERIAL Holotype male, Guangxi: Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Antangping (1600 m), light trap, 1. VII. 2003, Shuwen An (CAU). Paratypes 2 males, Guangxi: Maoershan National Nature Reserve, near Antangping (1100-1600 m), 1. VII. 2003, Xingyue Liu (CAU & MHNG). ETYMOLOGY The species is named after the hypandrium with 4 long setae. The name is a feminine noun in apposition. DIAGNOSIS Wing hyaline with indistinct stigma; legs and antennae entirely black. Mid femur rather thin; mid tibia with one very long basal ad and a very long apical av; male genitalia characteristic with bifurcated hypandrium bearing 4 long, black setae (Fig. 11). DESCRIPTION (MALE) Measurements: Body length 2.9-3.0 mm, wing length 3.3-3.4 mm. Head: black, pale gray microtrichose. Eyes dark brown but enlarged upper facets dark yellow; contiguous on frons for a long distance more than 2.5 times the length of the first flagellomere. Setae and setulae black; ocellar tubercle distinct, with a pair of long oc and 2 very short posterior setulae. Antenna black; scape without setulae; pedicel with a circle of apical setulae; first flagellomere with or without dorsal setula at apex; arista black, short pubescent except for thin and bare apical quarter. Proboscis black; palpus black with 2 long ventral setulae. Thorax: subshiny black, thin pale gray microtrichose. Setae and setulae black; postpronotal lobe with 2 short, pale setulae, 2 npl (anterior npl short), acr setulae-like, in 4 more or less regular rows; dc in one row:1 long posterior dc, 6 setulae anteriad; 1 psa; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae, the subapical pair much longer and stronger than the basal and apical pairs. Legs: entirely black. Setae and setulae black. Fore femur 1.3 times as wide as mid femur; mid femur rather thin; hind femur distinctly swollen, 2.1 times as wide as mid femur, without preapical setae, and with 3 rows of v (4 rather long spine-like av, very short spine-like v located on weak tubercles, pv long, setulae-like). Fore and mid femur with a row of long setulae-like pv (longer than femur width). Fore tibia with 3 long pv of increasing length on apical quarter, 1 long ad and 2 short av apically; mid 882 D. YANG & B. MERZ Fics 7-11 Hybos quadriseta sp. n. (male, holotype). 7, wing; 8, genitalia, dorsal view; 9, right surstylus; 10, left surstylus; 11, hypandrium, ventral view. NEW HYBOS FROM GUANGXI 883 tibia with 1 very long ad at basal third longer than half the length of the tibia, 1 very long av apically (more than half as long as mid basitarsus) and 1 short pv; hind tibia with 1 short av apically. First fore tarsomere with 2 long pv on basal third. First mid tarsomere with 1 short, strong v at extreme base. First and second hind tarsomeres with short, strong V. Wing: hyaline; veins brown; stigma longer than half the length of rl along costa, indistinctly brownish (Fig. 7). Squama yellow with pale hairs along margin. Halter dark yellow with dark brown base. Abdomen curved downward, blackish, grey microtrichose. Setulae long, pale. Male genitalia (Figs 8-11): Left tergal lobe with inner margin weakly convex medially, left surstylus rather wide with small acute lateral process; right tergal lobe with a distinct inner incision, right surstylus slightly narrowing towards tip; hypandrium much longer than wide, with elongated lateral portion apically furcated into large obtuse process and small acute process, and with 4 long setae. Female. Unknown. DISTRIBUTION China (Guangxi). REMARKS The new species is somewhat similar to Hybos apicihamatus Yang & Yang from Zhejiang, but may be separated from this species by the presence of 1 very long ad on the mid tibia and the absence of an apico-lateral hook on the hypandrium (see also Yang & Yang, 1995a). Hybos shuwenae sp. n. Figs 12-20 MATERIAL Holotype male, Guangxi: Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Hongjunting, 1600 m, light trap, 28. VI. 2003, Shuwen An (CAU). Paratypes 1 female with same data (CAU); 1 male, Guangxi: Maoershan National Nature Reserve, 1100-1600 m, 1. VII. 2003, Xingyue Liu (MHNG). ETYMOLOGY The species is named after the collector Ms Shuwen An. DIAGNOSIS Male: Arista with swollen tip bearing short pubescence (Fig. 12). Antenna and legs black, only very base of hind tibia narrowly yellow; male genitalia characteristic with both surstyli and hypandrium bilobated (Figs 17-20). DESCRIPTION MALE. Measurements: Body length 4.7-5.3 mm, wing length 4.3-5.0 mm. Head: black, pale gray microtrichose. Eyes dark brown with enlarged upper facets reddish yellow, contiguous on frons for a distance about twice as long as first flagellomere. Setae and setulae black; ocellar tubercle distinct, with one pair of long oc and 2 short to long posterior setulae. Antenna black; scape without setulae; pedicel with a circle of apical setulae; first flagellomere without dorsal setula; arista black, 884 D. YANG & B. MERZ Fics 12-16 Hybos shuwenae sp. n. (male, paratype). 12, antenna; 13, fore tibia and first and second tarso- meres, posterior view; 14, mid tibia and mid first tarsomere, posterior view; 15, hind femur, anterior view; 16, hind first tarsomere, anterior view. short pubescent, with swollen tip bearing short pubescence (Fig. 12). Proboscis blackish; palpus blackish with 4-5 long ventral setulae. Thorax: black, pale gray microtrichose. Setae and setulae black; h absent, but with a row of about 4 upright soft setulae, 2 npl (anterior npl very short), acr setulae- like, in 6-rows; dc in one row: | long posterior dc, 6 setulae anteriad; 1 psa; scutellum with 3 pairs of small, soft setulae and a pair of strong, long subapical setae. Legs: black, but base of hind tibia narrowly yellow. Setae and setulae black. Fore femur 1.1 times as thick as mid femur; hind femur swollen, 2.2 times as thick as mid femur; hind femur with 2 ad setae on apical two third, with an entire row of strong and long av on tubercles, a row of short v on tubercles and some pv on smaller tubercles in basal third; pv soft, much longer than diameter of femur in apical two third (Fig. 15). Fore and mid femora with a row of short setulae-like av about as long as diameter of tibia, and with a row of long setulae-like pv much longer than diameter of femur. Fore tibia (Fig. 13) with long pv on apical third of increasing length, the longest NEW HYBOS FROM GUANGXI 885 Fics 17-20 Hybos shuwenae sp. n. (male, holotype). 17, genitalia, dorsal view; 18, right surstylus; 19, left surstylus; 20, hypandrium, ventral view. about half as long as the tibia length, with an apical ring of 1 long ad, d and av; mid tibia (Fig. 14) with 2 very long ad on basal half longer than half length of tibia, 2 av medially (the longer almost half as long as tibia length), apically 1 weak ad, 4 strong vand 1 very long av almost as long as mid basitarsus; hind tibia with an entire row of weak, soft pd about as long as diameter of tibia, without distinct setae apically. First 886 D. YANG & B. MERZ and second fore tarsomeres (Fig. 13) with entire rows of long sparse ad and pv, the longest setulae almost as long as first basitarsus length; The fore first tarsomere with 1 ventral spine-like v at extreme base; first mid tarsomere with a soft, long v at base almost half as long as length of tarsomere; First and second hind tarsomeres with short ventral spines (Fig. 16). Wing: hyaline; veins dark brown; stigma brownish, long, extending from RI to R2+3. Squama yellow with pale hairs along margin. Halter yellow. Abdomen curved downward, black, gray microtrichose. Setulae black or pale. Male genitalia (Figs 17-20): Left tergal lobe with inner margin slightly convex medially, left surstylus wide basally with small acute lateral process; right tergal lobe with inner margin weakly incised, right surstylus rather wide basally with small acute lateral process; hypandrium longer than wide, distinctly furcated apically, 4 long setae on ventral branch. FEMALE. Body length 5.0 mm, wing length 4.7 mm. Similar to male, but oc with distinctly longer posterior setulae; arista normal with very short tip which is bare and evenly thin; fore and mid tibiae and tarsomeres 1-2 without posterior setulae; hind femur with 1 preapical setae. DISTRIBUTION China (Guangxi). REMARKS The new species shares with Hybos starki Yang & Yang from Guangxi the furcated hypandirum, differing from the latter by the swollen tip of the distinctly pubescent arista and mid tibia with 2 av. In A. starki, the arista is not swollen apically and its tip is bare, and the mid tibia has no av (Yang & Yang, 1995b). CONCLUSIONS Including the present study 17 species of Hybos are known to occur in Guangxi. Among them 10 species are so far endemic to the province, 3 species are distributed also in other parts of Southern China, and 4 species are also recorded from provinces in Central China. Obviously, the fauna of Hybos in Guangxi has close relationships to other parts of Southern and Central China and differs strongly from the fauna in Northern and Western China. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author is much indebted to Prof. Min Wang (South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou) for organizing the survey of Guangxi, as well as to Ms Shuwen An and Mr Xingyue Liu (China Agricultural University, Beijing) for their help in many ways. The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070100_No. 30225009). NEW HYBOS FROM GUANGXI 887 REFERENCES BRUNETTI, E. 1920. Diptera Brachycera Vol. 1. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon & Burma. London, 401 pp. CHVALA, M. 1983. The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. II. General Part. The families Hybotidae, Atelestidae and Microphoridae. Fauna Entomologica Scandi- navica 12: 279 pp. Scandinavian Science Press, Kopenhagen. CHVALA, M. & KOVALEV, V. G. 1989. Family Hybotidae (pp. 174-227). In: Soös, À. & Papp, L. (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera Vol. 6. Elsevier Science Publishers & Akademiai Kiad6, Amsterdam & Budapest, 435 pp. FREY, R. 1953. Studien über ostasiatische Dipteren. II. Hybotinae, Ocydromiinae, Hormopeza Zett. Notulae Entomologicae 33: 57-71. MCALPINE, J. F. 1981. 2. Morphology and Terminology — Adults (pp. 9-63). In: MCALPINE, J. F. et al. (coord.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27: 1-674. SAIGUSA, T. 1963. Systematic studies of the genus Hybos in Japan I. New species with yellow- ish legs (Diptera, Empididae). Sieboldia 3(1): 97-104. SAIGUSA, T. 1965. Studies on the Formosan Empididae collected by Professor T. Shirôzu (Diptera, Brachycera). Special Bulletin of Lepidoptera Society in Japan 1: 180-196. SAIGUSA, T. & YANG, D. 2002. Empididae (Diptera) from Funiu Mountains, Henan, China (1). Studia Dipterologica 9(2): 519-543. SMITH, K. G. V. 1965. Diptera from Nepal: Empididae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 17(2): 61-112. SMITH, K. G. V. 1975. Family Empididae (pp.185-211). Jn: DELFINADO, M. D. & HARDY, D. E. (eds). A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental region 2: 459 pp. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. STEYSKAL, G. C. & KNUTSON, L. V. 1981. 47. Empididae (pp. 607-624). In: MCALPINE, J. F. et al. (coord.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27: 1-674. YANG, C. & YANG, D. 1986. Fourteen new species of dance flies from Fujian and Guangxi (Diptera: Empididae). Wuyi Science Journal 6: 75-88. YANG, C. & YANG, D. 1989. Four new species of the genus Hybos from Sichuan (Diptera: Empididae). Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 11(2): 155-158. YANG, C. & YANG, D. 1991. New species of Hybos Meigen from Hubei (Diptera: Empididae). Journal of Hubei University (Natural Science) 13(1): 1-8. YANG, D. & YANG, C. 1987. Diptera: Empididae (pp. 161-175). In: ZHANG, S. (ed.). Agricultural insects, spiders, plant diseases and weeds of Xizang 2: 1-416. Xizang People Publishing House, Lhasa. YANG, D. & YANG, C. 1988a. New species of Hybos Meigen from China (Diptera: Empididae). Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Pekinensis 14(3): 282-287. YANG, D. & YANG, C. 1988b. Three new species of dance flies in Fanjing Mountain (Diptera: Empididae). Insects of Fanjing Mountain 1988: 136-140. YANG, D. & YANG, C. 1995a. Diptera: Empididae (pp. 499-509). In: Wu, H. (ed.). Insects of Baishanzu Mountain, Eastern China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 586 pp. YANG, D. & YANG, C. 1995b. Notes on the genus Hybos from Guangxi (Diptera: Empididae). Studia Dipterologica 2(2): 214-217. YANG, D., YANG, C. & Hu, X. 2002. Diptera: Empididae (pp. 733-740). In: HUANG, F. (ed.). Forestry Insects of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing, 1064 pp. FE 47 Léa traente aya TI Bern : =. pui 4 ali ha ent > | iM AY, a. Be. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 889-914; décembre 2004 Campodéidés cavernicoles du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique (Diplura: Campodeidae) Alberto SENDRA! & Oleguer ESCOLA? 1 Museu Valencia d’Histöria Natural. Fundacion Entomolögica Torres Sala. Paseo de la Pechina 15. E-46008 Valencia, Spain. E-mail: Alberto. Sendra@uv.es 2 Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona. Parc de la Ciutadella. Passeig Picasso s/n. Parc de la Ciutadella. E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: oescola@mail.ben.es Cave-dwelling Campodeids from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (Diplura: Campodeidae). - Two new species and one new subspecies of campodeids (Diplura) are described from caves of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula: Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n., Campodea (Campo - dea) maestrazgoensis sp. n. and Plusiocampa bonneti condei ssp. n. Ten additional forms are studied, all of them belonging to the same biogeo- graphic area. We finally discuss some hypotheses concerning the colo- nization’s chronology of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. Keywords: Diplura - Campodeidae - Campodea - Paratachycampa - Litocampa - Podocampa - cave fauna - taxonomy - Iberian distribution - new species. INTRODUCTION Depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, le personnel et les collaborateurs du Musée de Zoologie de Barcelona réalisent un travail méticuleux d’exploration et de collecte des Diploures Campodéidés cavernicoles, spécialement ceux des massifs karstiques du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique. Les premiers résultats sont publiés par Condé (1951a) qui décrit les premières espèces de Campodéidés cavernicoles de Catalunya: Campodea egena Condé, 1951, Plusiocampa pouadensis leoni Condé, 1951, et signale la présence de Plusiocampa bonneti Condé, 1948 connue jusqu’alors de diverses grottes frangaises. En trente ans le Musée a réuni 306 exemplaires provenant de 80 cavités du milieu souterrain du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique, des Pyrénées de Catalunya et de Huesca, tout le long de la cordillere des Catalanides et des massifs montagneux du Système Ibérique du Maestrazgo, à l’extrémité méridionale des chaînes valenciennes, avant de pénétrer dans les contreforts du système Prébétique. De ce riche et précieux matériel Bareth & Condé (1981), Sendra (1985, 1990) et Sendra & Condé (1987) décrivent trois nouvelles espèces (Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981; Paratachycampa peynoensis Bareth & Condé, 1981, Campodea (Campodea) grallesiensis Sendra & Condé, 1987) et signalent quatre autres espèces cavernicoles connues seulement du versant frangais des Pyrénées (Figs 8 et 9). Manuscrit accepté le 05.04.2004 890 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ Cette fois-ci, et grâce à nouveau aux activités du Musée de Zoologie de Barcelona, une riche collection de Diploures Campodéidés des massifs karstiques du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique a pu être examinée. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES Au total 172 campodéidés cavernicoles ont été étudiés dans ce travail, récoltés dans 42 cavités naturelles du milieu souterrain de Catalunya, d’Aragön et du nord de la Communauté Valencienne. La capture des exemplaires a été réalisée par échan- tillonnages effectués dans les différentes grottes, depuis la zone non illuminée, jusqu’aux zones plus profondes, employant deux méthodes de capture: pièges Barber (glycol-bière) et ratissage. La plupart des exemplaires ont été montés dans le milieu II de Marc André, après un lavage à l’eau distillée. L'étude des exemplaires se réalisa sous un microscope Leica DMLS, à contraste de phases, et les dessins ont été réalisés à l’aide d’un tube à dessin 1x. Les mesures furent prises à l’aide d’un oculaire micrométrique. Pour la lon- gueur du corps nous avons mesuré les exemplaires préparés ‘in toto’, depuis l’extré- mité du processus frontal de la tête jusqu’à la valvule supra-anale de l’abdomen. Compte tenu des erreurs dues à la contraction des exemplaires, nous avons adopté comme estimation de la longueur totale du corps le LCT, c’est-à-dire la longueur combinée de la tête, du pronotum, du mésonotum et du métanotum (Sendra, 1988), mesurée comme suit: de la base du macrochète distal du processus frontal au bord postérieur de la capsule céphalique, pour la tête et de la base des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs à la base des soies marginales postérieures, pour chacun des notums thora- ciques. Abréviations: ma: medial antérieur; la: latéral antérieur; Ip: latéral postérieur; 6: distance entre les bases des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs de l’urotergite et les bases des soies marginales postérieures; e: distance entre les bases des deux macrochetes médiaux antérieurs d’un urotergite donné; Y mar.: somme de la longueur des trois soies marginales postérieures notales les plus proches des macrochètes Ip divisée par trois. Macrochètes de la portion antérieure de la capsule céphalique (a: macrochète antérieur; 1: macrochète intermédiaire: p: macrochète postérieur; x: phanères x). RÉSULTATS Litocampa vandeli (Condé, 1947) Syn. Plusiocampa vandeli Condé, 1947: 21. Syn. Plusiocampa vandeli longiseta Condé, 1948. 1 © , Aragôn, Huesca, Fanlo, Espluca Mayor, 25.V1.1985, leg. O. Escola; 2 66,2 99, Catalunya, Lleida, Pallars Jussa, Llesp, Aven d’Irgo, 27.VII.1986, leg. O. Escola. Total: 5 exemplaires; 2 6 4,3 9 ©. Une femelle avec deux antennes intactes de 25 arti- cles et un mâle avec une de 24 articles. L'article apical renferme, dans son organe cupuliforme, 4 sensilles robustes. Distribution. Cette espèce est connue du milieu souterrain profond et du milieu superficiel de la région française d’Ariège (Bareth, 1983), aux Pyrénées centrales. En plus, L. vandeli se trouve sur le versant espagnol, où elle est signalée de trois grottes CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 891 des Pyrénées de Huesca et de Lleida. Bareth & Condé (1981) la mentionnèrent dans une grotte très éloignée de ses localités habituelles, au Aven d’En Serenge (Cabanes, Castellön). Litocampa coiffaiti (Condé, 1948) Syn. Plusiocampa coiffaiti Condé, 1948a: 41. 1 2, Aragôn, Huesca, Ans6, Grotte Faixa des Anollos, 2.VIII.1985, leg. O. Escola; 1 4, Aragon, Huesca, Hecho, Aven Torrent-Cema Blanca-Agiierri, 8.X.1988, leg. O. Escola. La femelle possède une antenne intacte de 41 articles et le mâle une de 38 articles. Distribution. Espèce limitée à la zone axiale des Pyrénées centrales (cinq cavi- tés du versant de Huesca) et une grotte des Pyrénées Atlantiques françaises (Grotte d’Ayssaguer, localité type). Litocampa drescoi (Condé, 1949) Syn. Plusiocampa drescoi Condé, 1949: 572. 3 2 2, Aragon, Huesca, Abay, San Juan Peña, Grotte Mora, 4.X1.1984, leg. O. Escola. Femelles avec deux antennes intactes de 33 et 34 articles. Distribution. Espèce connue du milieu endogé des régions françaises d’Ariège et Hautes Pyrénées (Condé & Mathieu, 1957), mais elle fut décrite dans une grotte, plus au nord, en Haute Garonne. Sur le versant espagnol, elle est exclusivement connue dans deux grottes des Pré-Pyrénées de Huesca. Podocampa jeanneli (Condé, 1947) Syn. Campodea (Podocampa) jeanneli Condé, 1947: 18. 1 dd (piège glycol-biere), Catalunya, Lleida, Senterada, Aven Mollons, 23.1X.1984/1.1.1985, leg. O. Escolà. Distribution. Cette espèce a été décrite et trouvée dans quatre grottes du versant français des Pyrénées Centrales. En plus, elle a aussi été signalée du milieu souterrain superficiel, en Ariège (Bareth, 1983). Sur le versant espagnol, elle est connue de six grottes des Pré-Pyrénées de Lleida, dans des chaînes de montagne comme celles de Montsec et Cadi. Plusiocampa bonneti bonneti Condé, 1948 Syn. Plusiocampa pouadensis bonneti Condé, 1948b: 54 [grottes françaises de l’Hérault et du Gard]. Plusiocampa bonneti escolai Sendra, 1985 [diverses grottes espagnoles de Lleida, Huesca y Tarragona] syn. nov. 1 2, Aragon, Huesca, Fanlo, Grotte Molino de Aso, leg. O. Escola; 1 6, Catalunya, Lleida, Fontllonga, Grotte Forat Or, 24.VII.1994; 4 88,9 22, 1 juvénile (piège glycol-biére), Catalunya, Lleida, Tremp, Llastarri, Mine ‘Inferior Canal’, 28.XII.1982 / 29.XII.1984, leg. O. Escola; 1 4,3 99, 1 juvénile, Catalunya, Lleida, St. Esteve de la Sarga, Grotte Brugal, 10.XII.1967, leg. O. Escola; 1 juvénile, Catalunya, Tarragona, Benifallet, Grotte Meravelles, IV.1979, leg. I. Gonzalez; 1 2, Catalunya, Tarragona, Cornudella, Grotte Santa du Montsant, 6.11.1966, leg. O. Escolà. Total: 23 exemplaires; 6 4 4,14 9 2 et 3 juvéniles. Seulement deux antennes de deux mäles sont intactes avec 34 et 37 articles. 892 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ Cette espèce fut décrite comme sous-espèce de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis, 1930) par Condé en 1948 de trois grottes françaises, deux de l’Hérault (Aven- Grotte du Berger et Grotte de la Colombière) et une du Gard (Aven de Paulin). Sendra (1985) a élevé au rang spécifique cette sous-espèce et décrit par erreur une nouvelle sous-espèce Plusiocampa bonneti escolai pour les exemplaires capturés dans 23 grottes espagnoles: 10 de Huesca, 11 de Lleida et 2 de Tarragona. Ces exemplaires appartiennent au taxon décrit par Condé (1948b), la sous-espèce décrite par Sendra (1985) en est un synonyme. Plus récemment, Bareth & Condé (1996) ont cité P. bonneti de deux grottes espagnoles de Huesca (Grotte Esjamundo et Grotte Llobrica) et soulignent quelques différences morphologiques chez ces spécimens: la présence de deux macrochètes 1a3 sur l’urotergite III, inexistantes chez bonneti typique. Distribution. L'espèce typique possède une vaste distribution, des trois grottes françaises de l’Hérault et du Gard (Condé, 1948b) aux Pyrénées et Pré-Pyrénées de Huesca et de Lleida (chaînes de Guara et de Montsec), avec la limite méridionale dans les chaînes sud-occidentales des Catalanides, à l’intérieur de Tarragona. Plusiocampa bonneti condei ssp. n. Syn. Plusiocampa pouadensis bonneti sensu Condé, 1951 [2 grottes de Barcelona]. Syn. Plusiocampa bonneti sensu Sendra, 1985 [29 grottes de Barcelona, Lleida et Tarragona]. Holotype, 2 , Catalunya, Barcelona, Moia, Grotte du Toll, 16-XII-1962, leg. O. Escola. Paratypes: 1 © , Catalunya, Barcelona, Serra de l’Obac, Mura, Aven de la Canal de Mura, 28.11.1988, leg. O. Escola; 1 2, 1 juvénile, Catalunya, Barcelona, Moia, Aven de Castellcir, 2.11.1986, leg. O. Escola; 1 2 , Catalunya, Barcelona, Caldes Montbui, Aven Farell, 19.XI.1989, leg. O. Escola, 1 9, 4.11.1990, leg. O. Escola; 1 4, 1 2, Catalunya, Barcelona, Collsuspina, Mines Santa Coloma, 29.IX1984, leg. O. Escola; 2 2 2, Catalunya, Barcelona, Mura, Aven de l’Espluga, 6.X11.1986, leg. O. Escola. Total: 9 exemplaires; 2 65,6 2 9, 1 juvénile. L’holotype est la femelle de la Grotte du Toll (Moià, Barcelona) dont le pro- cessus frontal est figuré dans Sendra (1985: fig. 2.A). Il est monté dans le médium II de Marc André, préparation n° 346, et déposé dans la collection de Diploures du Musée de Zoologie de Barcelona. Les exemplaires restants, conservés dans le medium Marc André II et considérés comme paratypes, incluent tous les exemplaires deter- minés comme Plusiocampa bonneti par Sendra (1985) et sont déposés au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève (Département des Arthropodes et Insectes I), au Musée National de Sciences Naturelles de Madrid et au Musée Valencien d'Histoire Naturelle (Fondation Entomologique Torres Sala). Description. Processus frontal (Sendra 1985: fig. 2.A) avec trois macrochètes à base tuberculée; le macrochète apical plus développé et barbulé à partir de sa moitié distale, les deux postérieurs barbulés dans leur tiers distal. Les soies postérieures du processus frontal sont glabres et tuberculées. Etymologie. Espèce dédiée au Professeur Bruno Condé de l’Université de Nancy, meilleur spécialiste des Diploures Campodéidés, qui fut le premier à examiner cette nouvelle sous-espèce. Affinités. Condé (1951a) détermine comme Plusiocampa pouadensis bonneti plusieurs exemplaires récoltés dans des cavités naturelles de la province de Barcelona CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 893 (Grotte Cau de la Guilla, Bigues et Grotte du Toll, Collsuspina). Quelques années plus tard, Sendra (1985) nomme, cette fois comme Plusiocampa bonneti, des exemplaires capturés dans ces mêmes grottes et dans 27 autres grottes (22 de Barcelona, 4 de Lleida et 1 de Tarragona), fournissant certaines considérations taxonomiques, y compris la description du processus frontal (Sendra, 1985: fig. 2.A). Condé & Bareth (1996) signalent quelques caractères taxonomiques de Plusiocampa bonneti que Condé (1948b) n’avait pas indiqués, surtout la morphologie des bases des soies qui accom- pagnent les trois macrochètes du processus frontal, qui sont clairement tuberculés chez Plusiocampa bonneti des grottes françaises. Cette sous-espèce comprend les exemplaires déterminés comme P. bonneti dans les travaux de Condé (1951a) et Sendra (1985). Dans tous les exemplaires examinés de Plusiocampa bonneti condei ssp. n. les soies postérieures aux trois macrochètes du processus frontal possèdent une base non tuberculée, fig. 2.A in Sendra (1985), à la différence des bases typiques tuberculées de la forme type de P. bonneti, fig. 2.B in Sendra (1985). Distribution. Cette nouvelle sous-espèce est connue de nombreuses grottes des Catalanides, au nord de Tarragona et spécialement dans les chaînes de montagne de Sant Llorenc del Munt et de l’Obac. En plus, elle atteint sa limite nord-occidentale à la chaîne de Cadi, aux Pyrénées de Lleida. Campodea (Campodea) egena Condé, 1951 Campodea (Campodea) egena Condé, 1951a: 54. 3 dd, 1 9, Catalunya. Barcelona, Esparreguera, Aven Montserrat, 12.V.1991, leg. O. Escola; 3 © 9, Catalunya, Barcelona, Anoia, Cabrera, Grotte Dakotes, 23.11/15.II1.1998, leg. O. Escola; 1 4, 3 22 (piège), Catalunya, Barcelona, Anoia, Cabrera, Grotte Mamut, 15.111.1998/13.IX.1999, leg. O. Escola. Total: 11 exemplaires; 4 d 4,7 9 2. Seule une femelle possède ses antennes intactes: 44 et 46 articles. Distribution. Endémique du Massif barcelonais de Montserrat et des reliefs karstiques voisins, de la zone de l’ Anoia. Campodea (Campodea) cf. egena Condé, 1951 1 3, Catalunya, Tarragona, Tivissa, Grotte Marc6, 16.1V.1989, leg. F. Fabrique; 1 ©, Communauté Valencienne, Castellön, Cabanes, Aven d’En Serenge, 1.12.2002, leg. S. Montagud. Sensille du troisième article en position latéro-sternale. Deux antennes intactes de 34 articles chez la femelle. L’organe cupuliforme renferme 7 sensilles. Chez les deux exemplaires étudiés les submacrochètes médiaux urotergaux sont absents. Le mâle adulte, avec des faisceaux de spermatozoïdes, possède un champ glandulaire continu de soies g7 à l’urosternite I et de soies glandulaires et sensorielles a, et a, sur ses appendices. Bareth & Condé (1981) décrivent des spécimens de l’Aven d’En Serenge (Cabanes, Castellén), qui diffèrent de egena typique par l’absence complète des sub- macrochetes médiaux antérieurs des urotergites I à VII, en plus de la présence chez le mâle d’un champ glandulaire continu de soies glandulaires et sensorielles g,. Sendra (1988, 1990) observe les mêmes caractères chez des spécimens de la Grotte d’En Janet (Llaberia, Tarragona). 894 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ Les caractères mentionnés plus haut ont été observés chez tous les exemplaires étudiés par Bareth & Condé (1981) et Sendra (1988, 1990). Cette constance chez des exemplaires de trois grottes différentes pourrait indiquer une différence sous-specifique des spécimens de C. egena hors du Massif karstique de Montserrat. Distribution. Forme connue jusqu’à présent de trois cavités, distribuées d’une part et d’autre de la vallée de l’Ebre. D'un côté, dans les massifs de Llaberia et Tivissa a Tarragona et de l’autre, au karst de Cabanes, à Castellén. Campodea (Campodea) grallesiensis Sendra & Condé, 1987 4 88,5 9 9, Communauté Valencienne, Valencia, Dos Aguas, Grotte Merevelles, 30- XI-2003, A. Moreno, S. Teruel, S. Montagud leg. Distribution. Connue jusqu’à présent dans deux cavités du secteur nord orien- tal du Massif du Caroch, au bout méridional du Système Ibérique, en contact avec les Cordillères Bétiques. Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n. Syn. Campodea (Campodea) zuluetai sensu Sendra, 1990 [cinq cavités de Tarragona]. Holotype: 9 de 5.8 mm, n° preparation 796, Catalunya, Tarragona, Espulga Francoli, Grotte Espluga de Francoli, 1.XII.1985 au 14.XII.1986, leg. O. Escola; montée en Marc André II et déposée au Musée de Zoologie de Barcelona. Paratypes: 18 dd, 24 99, 2 juvéniles 22 (piège de glycol-bière), Catalunya, Tarragona, Espulga Francoli, Grotte Espluga de Francoli ou Aigües, 1.XII.1985 au 14.XII.1986, leg. O. Escolà; conservés dans le médium Mare André II et déposés au Musée d’histoire natu- relle de Genève (Département des Arthropodes et Insectes II), au Musée National de Sciences Naturelles de Madrid et au Musée Valencien d’Histoire Naturelle (Fondation Entomologique Torres Sala). Autre matériel étudié: 1 9, Catalunya, Tarragona, Espluga Francolf, Grotte Espluga de Francoli ou Aigües, 14.XII.1986, leg. O. Escola, 1 4, 28.IIT.1971, leg. G.I.E.M.; 1 d , Catalunya, Tarragona, Vimbodi, Aven Julivert, 6.VII.1969. leg. G.I.E.M.; 2 dd, Catalunya, Tarragona, Vimbodi, Grotte Assedegats, 12.VII.1973, leg. A. Martinez; 2 dd, 1 juvénile, Catalunya, Tarragona, Cornudella, Grotte Santa du Montsant, 6.11.1966, 2 88,2 9 2, 17.VII.1967, leg. O. Escola; 1 9, Catalunya, Tarragona, Mont-ral, Grotte Cod6, 18.VI.1967, leg. O. Escola; 2 9 9, Catalunya, Tarragona, Grotte de la Moneda, 4.IV.1965, leg. L. Auroux, 1 dé, 11.1V.1952, leg. F. Español. La description de la nouvelle espèce est fondée, outre le matériel étudié cité ci-dessus, sur les exemplaires cités par Sendra (1990) comme C. zuluetai, de cinq grottes de la province de Tarragona: Aven du Julivert, Grotte Assedegats, Grotte Santa de Montsant, Grotte Codé etGrotte Font Major. Ces spécimens sont considérés comme paratypes. Total: 58 exemplaires; 23 4 4,33 99,2 9 9 juvéniles. Etymologie. Espèce dédiée aux Cossetans, peuple ibérique pré-romain qui s’etendait de la région du Camp de Tarragona jusqu’au Col de Balaguer; les régions du Conca de Barberà et Penedès faisaient peut-être aussi partie de leur territoire. Description. Longueurs. Mäles 3,83 à 5,95 mm; femelles 4,55 à 6,45 mm; juvéniles 3,05 à 3,75 mm. Téguments. Epicuticule dépourvue d’ornementation. Soies de revêtement glabres ou un peu barbelées; macrochètes robustes et bien barbelés. Tête. Les antennes intactes ont 43 (1 cas), 39 (1 cas), 38 (2 cas), 37 (5 cas) et 36 (2 cas) articles (voir Tableau I); longueur similaire ou légèrement inférieure à celle du corps (voir Tableau I). Le troisième article est presque aussi long que large, avec un CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 895 sensille bacilliforme (Fig. 1b) qui occupe une position latéro-sternale (entre les macro- chètes d et e). Les articles suivants sont un peu plus allongés, l’apical étant presque trois fois plus long que large. Sensilles en gouge (Fig. la) à partir du quatrième article, celui-ci avec un sensille seulement, augmentant en nombre dans les articles suivants, arrivant jusqu’à 6 distribués en un seul verticille distal. L’organe cupuliforme (Fig. Ic) occupe 1/9 de la longueur de l’article et renferme de 4 à 9 sensilles robustes et avec au moins 3 collerettes chacun. e2 LV d Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n.: a, sensille en rouge; b, sensille du III° article anten- naire; c, coupe de l’organe cuculiforme de l’article apical; d, macrochète sternal du fémur III. Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n.: e, sensille du III° article antennaire; f, sensille bacilliforme du trochanter II; g, sensille en gouge. Echelle e/ = 50 um (a, b, c, e, f et g), e2 = 100 um (d). Fic. 1 896 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ TABLEAU I. Antennes complètes, apparemment non régénérées, chez Campodea (Campodea) cossetana Sp. n., holotype et paratypes, (1) derniers articles régénérés. Sexe Longueur LCT (um) Antenne Articles Longueur corps (mm) antenne (mm) (6) 5,95 1490 gauche 38 4,55 3 4,02 1565 gauche 37 4,00 9 holotype 5,8 1610 gauche 39 4,55 3 54 1640 gauche 43 5,20 ? 4,55 1705 droite 37 IL gauche(1) 36 4,72 Les palpes labiaux sont subovalaires et présentent une centaine de phanères sen- soriels. Le processus frontal porte les trois macrochètes typiques, l’antérieur plus long que les postérieurs (138 um/92 um; sur l’holotype), avec des barbules sur leur moitié distale. Les macrochètes bordant la ligne d’insertion des antennes sont glabres (inter- médiaires et postérieurs) ou avec quelques barbules distales (antérieurs et phanères x). Leurs longueurs sont similaires; a: 85 um, i: 102 um, p: 80 um, x: 95 um. Entre les macrochètes occipitaux on trouve une rangée latérale de 4 macrochètes avec une ou deux barbules qui sont postérieurs homologues aux /p de Wygodzinsky (1944). Thorax. Les macrochètes notaux sont longs, bien développés et barbelés sur leur moitié ou leurs deux tiers distaux (voir Tableau IT et Fig. 2). Les soies marginales sont un peu plus longues que les soies ordinaires; seules les deux soies marginales qui sont plus proches des macrochètes /p sont plus robustes et barbelées vers leur 2/3 distal, spécialement celles du pronotum et mesonotum. TABLEAU II. Répartition des macrochètes notaux et leurs longueurs (unités en um) chez Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n., holotype et paratypes; (1) segments de l’abdomen par- tiellement imbriqués. Pronotum Mesonotum Metanotum LET , ma la Ip dimar ma La ‘lp mar magylpe>mar Juvenile 2;3,05imm 860° 78 77 180 70 90) 132 200° 72>) 93720053 Juvénile 2,3,75mm 1025 100 88 200 70 88 145 220 78 211072185563 3, 3,83 mm 1080... 112 100 222 82 1157198 238788 Z 1182 > 4,54 mm 1395. 140 150 272 140 130 18872987 116 1500272900 4 ,5,95 mm 1490 150 160 292 108 713072207305 1117142780583 SISSA 1505 140 141 265 115 125 192 275 106 19726070 6 ,4,73 mm 1540 140 128 268 98 128 182 288 102) 1002262270 d,4,02 mm 1565 142 145 275_113 140 205° 2787 1167 4142882350091 9 holotype,5.8mm 1610 136 150 295 127 142 209 305 128 150) 250103 4,54 mm (1) 1640 158 155 285. 125 162 190) 5002122 SS 2, 4,55 mm (1) 1705 143 148 270 116 120 200 29571097 73277675555 2,645 mm 176077152 162>272 128 1387 210 293) MIS TMS 0 eas Les pattes sont relativement longues, les métathoraciques peuvent atteindre le VII segment abdominal. Le fémur III porte un macrochéte sternal barbelé sur son 2/3 distal de 208 um (Fig. 1d), inséré, chez holotype, à 325 um du bout proximal du segment (longueur totale du fémur III de 692 um). Les tibias I a III portent un macro- chéte sternal court, simplement bifurqué, accompagné parfois d’une ou deux petites 897 CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES Fic. 2 Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n.: pro-, méso- et métanotum (ma macrochéte medial an- 250 um. térieur, la macrochète latéral antérieur, Jp macrochète latéral postérieur, s sensille sétiforme). Echelle e 898 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ barbules. Les calcars sont bien barbelés presque depuis leur base. Les tarses portent deux rangées de soies ventrales, avec des fines barbules vers la portion mediale; les soies subapicales de l’extrémité distale du tarse sont glabres. Griffes subégales simples, et graduellement courbées, avec les processus télotarsaux sétiformes et glabres. Abdomen. Les urotergites portent des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs sur les segments I à VII et médiaux postérieurs sur le huitième segment; on trouve aussi des macrochètes latéraux antérieurs et postérieurs sur les urotergites V à VII et des macro- chètes latéraux postérieurs sur le segment VII (voir Tableau III et Fig. 3). Les macro- chètes latéraux antérieurs et postérieurs, les médiaux postérieurs et les médiaux antérieurs des urotergites IV à VII sont longs, bien développés (spécialement les postérieurs) et avec des barbules sur leur 1/2 à 1/4 distal. Cependant, les macrochètes médiaux antérieurs des urotergites I à III sont courts et bifurqués à l’apex et n’atteignent jamais les embases des soies marginales postérieures, à la différence des ma des urotergites IV à VII qui les atteignent et même les dépassent, tant chez les exemplaires juvéniles que chez les adultes de grande dimension (voir Tableau IV). TABLEAU III. Répartition des macrochètes urotergaux chez Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n. ma Ip la mp Ab. I-IV 1+1 = È : Ab. V-VII 1+1 1+1 1+1 = Ab. VII - 3+3 = 1+1 Ab. IX - 6+6 (total) = = TABLEAU IV. Longueurs des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs des urotergites III et IV, et distance entre leurs bases (£) et celles des soies marginales postérieures (ò) chez Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n., holotype et paratypes (unités en um); (1) segments de l’abdomen partiellement imbriqués. Urotergite III Urotergite IV ECT ma ò € ma ò € Juvenile 2 , 3,05 mm 860 58 68 98 108 60 110 Juvénile 9, 3,75 mm 1025 68 78 113 118 62 120 d,3,83 mm 1080 65 100 110 128 118 129 4,54 mm 1395 100 122 160 145 112 185 4 ,5,95 mm 1490 75 135 155 145 125 190 9, 5,15 mm 1505 80 125 130 160 105 173 2,4,73 mm 1540 70 150 160 145 128 165 d,4,02 mm (1) 1565 72 147 155 138 157 207 ? holotype, 5.8 mm 1610 75 146 160 160 127 195 d,54 mm 1640 85 158 165 172 150 186 ?,4,55 mm (1) 1705 75 150 162 138 138 202 2,645 mm 1760 85 172 185 162 142 215 Les pleurites II à VII portent une soie différenciée et barbelée sur leur 1/2 à 1/3 distal. L’urosternite I possède 6+6 macrochètes; les urosternites II à VII présentent 4+4 macrochètes et le VIII 1+1; tous ces macrochétes sont bien développés et portent des longues barbules. La soie apicale des styles a deux denticules basilaires et jusqu’à 6 899 CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES FIG. 3 Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n.: urotergites I, IV, VII et VIII (ma macrochète medial antérieur, la macrochète latéral antérieur, /p macrochète latéral postérieur, s sensille setiforme). Echelle e 250 um. 900 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ © uti he SY e2 FIG. 4 Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n.: a, urosternite I du male; b, appendice de l’urosternite I de la femelle; c, faisceau de spermatozoides avec une coupe transverse montrant le filament en section. Soies glandulaires et sensorielles: a], a2 et g/; poils gréles pg. Echelle e7 = 250 um (a et b), e2 = 100 um (c). barbules distales. La soie subapicale possede 1 ou 2 barbules et la moyenne sternale est bifurquée. Cerques. L’unique cerque complet appartient à une femelle de 4 mm de la Grotte Cod6 (Mont-ral) et présente une base et 12 articles, avec une longueur totale de 5 mm. Chaque article présente 2 ou 3 verticilles de macrochétes barbelés sur leur tiers distal, 1, 2 ou 3 verticilles de longues soies glabres et finit avec un verticille apical de soies intégrales plus courtes ou avec une barbule distale. CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 901 Male. L’urosternite I (Fig. 4a) porte, sur le bord postérieur et chez les mâles les plus grands, plus d’une centaine de soies glandulaires et sensorielles g, ordonnées en deux ou trois rangées, précédées de deux ou trois rangs de poils grêles. Les appendices sont élargis vers leur moitié distale et leur largeur maximum ne dépasse pas le double de la minimum. La portion distale montre une quarantaine de soies glandulaires et sensorielles a7, précédées par un champ glandulaire et sensoriel d’une soixantaine de soles dp. Les faisceaux de spermatozoïdes du mâle de 1’ Aven Julivert (Fig. 4c) sont de 70 a 80 um de diamètre externe et d’environ 17 um d’épaisseur; le filament est plein et décrit un peu plus d’un tour, et sa longueur atteint 165 um, avec un diamètre de 3,5 um. Femelle. Les appendices de l’urosternite I sont subcylindriques (Fig. 4b) et portent un champ d’une vingtaine de soies glandulaires a]. Affinites. Ces dernières années, on a signalé des espèces exclusivement souterraines de Diploures Campodéidés qui diffèrent peu des espèces les plus proches d’habitat endogé (Condé, 1993; Sendra er al., 2003). C’est aussi le cas avec Campodea (Campodea) cossetana sp. n. qui possède la même chétotaxie que certaines espèces, généralement endogées ou troglophiles, des régions méridionales frangaises, des Pyrénées et du nord-est de la péninsule Iberique, aussi qu’en Sardaigne. Campodea cossetana sp. n. est particulièrement proche de C. zuluetai Silvestri, 1932 et de C. pro- cera Condé, 1948. La première est connue du milieu édaphique et endogé du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique et de la Sardaigne (Silvestri, 1932; Condé, 1951a et b; Condé & Mathieu, 1957; Bareth, 1980; Sendra, 1988, 1990) et la deuxième est connue du milieu endogé et souterrain au sud du Massif Central frangais (Condé, 1948b, 1997). Campodea zuluetai comme C. procera montrent une variabilité anormale de certains caractères, spécialement au niveau des dimensions et de la barbulation des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs des tergites abdominaux: 8 formes différentes de C. zuluetai et 2 de C. procera ont été décrites. Campodea cossetana sp. n. représente une première tentative de scinder ce complexe C. zuluetai-C. procera en taxons naturels, en se basant sur l’étude d’un abondant matériel recueilli dans un bon nombre de localités. Son confinement au milieu souterrain des massifs karstiques des chaînes de Prades et Montsant, au nord de la province de Tarragona, est un argument supplémentaire pour valider ce nouveau taxon. Campodea cossetana sp. n. présente quelques caractères différentiels, d’une importance taxonomique limitée, par rapport aux différents taxons du complexe C. zuluetai-C. procera. Parmi eux, il faut citer la grandeur et la barbu- lation des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs des urotergites I à II et IV à VII, qui different de celles observées chez la plupart des spécimens décrites de C. zuluetai-C. procera, à l’exception de la femelle récoltée à Tamariu, province de Girona (Sendra, 1988). De plus, les faisceaux de spermatozoïdes des mâles sont plus grands que ceux décrits par Bareth (1980) pour C. cf. zuluetai II et V mais de même style; on ne connaît pas non plus ceux des autres formes de zuluetai. Par contre ils sont très différents de ceux de C. procera qui sont énormes avec un filament spiralé d’au moins 10 tours de spire. Cependant la plus grande différence entre C. cossetana sp. n. et des espèces affines sont: son faciès cavernicole, avec des antennes de 36 à 43 articles (de 20 à 30 chez les différentes formes de C. zuluetai, à l’exception de la population de la Grotte 902 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ d’Anes de Lleida avec 30 à 36; et de 30 à 37 chez C. procera), une longueur des appendices qui dépasse celle de toutes les formes endogées (articles plus longs que larges, pattes métathoraciques atteignant le VII segment abdominal et cerques plus longs que la longueur du corps), les sensilles en gouge qui débutent sur le 4° segment antennaire et n’existent pas chez les 2 autres espèces, et présence d’un macrochète ventral absent également chez les autres espèces. Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis Sp. n. Holotype: ? de 5,8 mm, n° de préparation 810, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Serratella, 1’ Aven de la Solaneta, (UTM: 246.366/4467.576/850 m); montée dans le medium de Marc André II et déposée au Musée de Zoologie de Barcelona. Paratypes: 2 9 9, Communauté Valencienne, Castellé, Serratella,. Aven de la Solaneta (UTM: 246.366/4467.576/850 m.), 29.VIII.1984, leg. J. Pallarés, 1 9, 1.V.1998, leg. F. Fadrique et O. Escolà. Conservées dans le médium Marc André II et déposées au Musée d’histoire natu- relle de Genève (Département des Arthropodes et Insectes II), au Musée National de Sciences Naturelles de Madrid et Musée Valencien d’ Histoire Naturelle (Fondation Entomologique Torres Sala). Autre matériel étudié: 2 9 2 , Aragön, Teruel, Ejulve, La Zoma, Gouffre Val de la Zoma, 7.11.1998, leg. R. Gracia; 1 d, Catalunya, Tarragona, La Sènia, Grotte Trobada, 1.1.1993, leg. F. Fadrique et O. Escola; 1 9, 1 juvénile, Communauté Valencienne, Castellön, Sant Mateu, Grotte des Encenalls, 21.11.2003, leg. S. Montagud et S. Teruel; 1 3, 1 9, Communauté Valencienne, Castellön, Serra Engalceran, Grotte Santa ou du Mas de Gaspar (UTM: 753.750/4459.550/550 m), 4.X1.1979, leg. J. V. Gonzalez, 1 4, 1 9 juvénile, 12.VIIT.2001, leg. A. Moreno et A. Sendra; 1 d , Communauté Valencienne, Castellön, Santa Magdalena de Pulpis, Aven del Pla de Valenti o Malentiu (UTM: 263.430/4476.548/460 m), 1 au 11.VIII.1993, leg. F. Fadrique et O. Escola, 2 2 (piège avec du sucre), 1 au 11.VIII.1993, leg. F. Fadrique y O. Escola; 2 9 ®, Communauté Valencienne, Castellon, Càlig, Aven Pla de Lifrago (UTM: 273.135/4480.664/135 m), 29.XII.1992, leg. F. Fadrique et O. Escola. Total: 16 exemplaires; 4 d gd, 11 22 et 1 d juvénile. Etymologie. Le nom fait référence à la région naturelle du Maestrazgo, où l’on peut trouver cette nouvelle espèce dans le milieu souterrain. Description. Longueurs. Mâles 3,85 à 4,60 mm; femelles 4,75 à 6,10 mm. Téguments. Epicuticule dépourvue d’ornementation. Soies de revêtement glabres ou un peu barbelées; macrochètes robustes et bien barbelées. Tête. Toutes les antennes intactes appartiennent à des exemplaires adultes et possèdent 36 (6 cas) ou 37 (1 cas) articles. La longueur totale des antennes est simi- laire à celle du corps étendu (voir Tableau V). L'article III est à peine un peu plus long que large, il porte un long sensille bacilliforme (Fig. le) en position latéro-sternale (en- tre les macrochètes d et e). Les articles suivants s’allongent jusqu’à une longueur équi- valente au double de sa largeur. Sensilles en gouge (Fig. 1g), avec un unique sensille au V° article, ordonnés en un verticille distal en 3 sur le VI à IX articles, son nombre augmente progressivement, jusqu’à 8 sensilles chez les articles distaux. L'article apical est presque deux fois plus long que large. L’organe cupuliforme occupe moins d’un cinquième de la longueur de l’article apical et renferme 7 ou 8 sensilles simples, formés par deux collerettes. Sensilles des palpes maxillaires et labiaux en forme de cône, les labiaux étant un peu plus longs que les maxillaires. Les palpes labiaux sub- ovalaires portent jusqu’à 130 phanères sensoriels. Le processus frontal ne ressort pas et supporte 3 macrochètes frontaux, l’antérieur un peu plus long que les deux postérieurs, chez les exemplaires jeunes comme chez les adultes (voir Tableau VI). CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 903 Tous les macrochètes du processus frontal et de la portion antérieure de la capsule cé- phalique portent des barbules sur leur 1/2 à 2/3 distal. Macrochetes i un peu plus longs que le reste des macrochètes de la portion frontale. TABLEAU V. Antennes complètes, non régénérées, chez Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n. Longueur du LCT (um) Antenne Articles Longueur corps (mm) antenne (mm) 6, Grotte Santa 4,6 1555 gauche 36 4,95 2, Grotte Trobada 4,75 1965 gauche 36 4,75 © , Grotte Santa 5,85 2005 droite 36 6,15 © holotype, Aven Mas de la Solaneta 5,8 2030 droite 37 5,8 9, Aven Pla Lifrago 6,1 2180 gauche 36 SÙ TABLEAU VI. Longueur des macrochètes (unités en um) du processus frontal et de la portion an- térieure de la capsule céphalique chez Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n.; (1) lon- gueur moyenne de deux macrochètes postérieurs. Macrochètes du Macrochètes processus frontal portion antérieure de la capsule céphalique BET antérieur posterieurs(1) a i p x 9, Aven Pla Malentiu 1120 108 98 75 90 80 88 2 , Aven Pla Lifrago 2180 180 175 125273502. 028727152 2, Aven Mas de la Solaneta 2190 158 130 14152140 92 88 Thorax. La répartition des macrochetes notaux est typique du sous-genre Campodea s.str. Tous les macrochètes sont longs, bien développés et barbelés sur leur 2/3 distal. Les macrochètes /p sont plus longs que les autres, on remarque entre eux les Ip mésonotaux (voir Tableau VII et Fig. 5). TABLEAU VII. Répartition des macrochètes notaux et longueurs (unités en um) chez Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n. Pronotum Mesonotum Metanotum Che magsla Ip Xmar ma la Ip Xmar ma Ip Smar ?,Aven Pla Malentiu 1120 135 120 222 867 172717197. 252 98 165 250 88 3, Aven Pla Malentiu 1275 162 150 245 105 215 188 285 122 190 265 83 3 , Grotte Trobada 1965 150 140 255 120 178 200 280 100 182 270 92 ? holotype, Aven Mas de la Solaneta 2030 200 188 288 150 228 238 - 149 200 302 115 ? , Aven Pla Lifrago 2180 212 208 340 166 252 275 360 154 245 330 118 2, Aven Mas de la Solaneta 2AGOY 212-202-300" 163)" 250) 258" 3287 1727255 3227132 Chez les jeunes, les griffes de la troisième paire de pattes dépassent l’extrémité postérieure de l’abdomen, et chez les adultes elles arrivent seulement au IX segment 904 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ FIG. 5 Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis Sp. n.: pro-, méso- et métanotum (ma macrochète medial antérieur, /a macrochete latéral antérieur, /p macrochète latéral postérieur, s sensille sétiforme). Echelle e = 250 um. 905 aa ¢ N DI ————- FIG. 6 Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n.: urotergites I, IV et V (ma macrochète medial an- 250 um. térieur, la macrochète latéral antérieur, /p macrochète latéral postérieur, s sensille sétiforme). Echelle e 906 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ | Ws p Pg A WT a2 FIG. 7 Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n.: a, urosternite I du mâle: b, appendice de l’uros- ternite I de la femelle. Soies glandulaires et sensorielles: a], a2 et g/; poils gréles pg. Echelle e = 250 um. abdominal. Les trochanters I à II portent un long sensille bacilliforme (Fig. 1f) qui est sétiforme sur le trochanter III. Fémur avec un macrochète sternal inséré à mi-longueur de l’appendice, bien développé et barbelé sur son 2/3 distal (la longueur des macro- chetes sternaux du fémur III chez l’holotype est de 182 et 200 um pour chaque patte metathoracique). Tibia avec un macrochète sternal court (85 um chez l’holotype), inséré plus proche de l’extrémité proximale de l’article que de la distale. Calcars bien barbelés presque depuis la base. Les deux rangées de soies qui parcourent la partie CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 907 ventrale du tarse se differencient des soies ordinaires par leur longueur, leur grosseur et leur fine barbulation sur la portion médiale. Les soies subapicales de l’extrémité distale du tarse sont glabres. Les griffes du télotarse sont similaires, sans crêtes, et courbées régulièrement. Les processus latéraux du télotarse sont sétiformes et glabres; son extrémité peut être légèrement élargie. Abdomen. La répartition des macrochètes urotergaux est détaillée au Tableau VII (Fig. 6). Tous les macrochètes urotergaux sont longs, robustes et barbelés sur leur 2/3 distal. Il convient de souligner que les macrochètes médiaux antérieurs, dépassant toujours les embases des soies marginales postérieures, même les ma de l’urotergite IV. Chez les exemplaires jeunes, les macrochètes ma de l’urotergite IV sont un peu plus courts que les ma de l’urotergite V, mais arrivent à être de longueur similaire chez les exemplaires plus grands. (voir Tableau IX et Fig. 6). TABLEAU VII. Répartition des macrochètes urotergaux chez Campodea (Campodea) maestraz - goensis sp. n. Urotergites ma la Ip mp I-II - - - - IV 1+1 - = - V-VII 1+1 1+1 1+1 - VII - - 3+3 1+1 IX - - 6+6 (total) TABLEAU IX. Longueur des macrochètes médiaux antérieurs (unités en um) des urotergites IV et V chez Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp.n. LET ma IV ma V , Aven Pla Malentiu 1275 178 250 , Grotte Trobada 1965 178 195 ‚Aven Pla Litrago 2180 250 258 , Aven Mas de la Solaneta 2190 280 278 L’urosternite I porte 6+6 (6+7 chez l’holotype) macrochètes bien développés avec des longues barbules. Les urosternites II a VII supportent 4+4 macrochètes bien développés et barbelés, accompagnés de 2+2 soies parastylaires. L’urosternite VIII possède 1+1 macrochètes bien développés. La soie moyenne sternale (ms) des styles est bifurquée, la soie subapicale (sa) possède une barbule chez les exemplaires plus jeunes et jusqu’à quatre chez les adultes; soie apicale (a) avec un court denticule basal sub-divisé et avec une barbule chez les exemplaires jeunes et jusqu’à cinq barbules distales chez les exemplaires de grandes dimensions. Cerques. Chez le mâle de 1° Aven Pla Malentiu, les cerques sont un peu plus de deux fois la longueur du corps, avec un total de 13 articles et une base sub-divisée en trois. Le cerque de la femelle du Gouffre Val de la Zoma est probablement un régé- nérat, car il possède seulement huit articles (voir Tableau X). Le revêtement de chaque article est formé par 2 à 5 verticilles de longs macrochètes, barbelés sur leur moitié distale, accompagné de 2 à 6 verticilles de longues soies glabres; le nombre de 908 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ verticilles de macrochètes et de soies augmente régulièrement des articles proximaux vers les distaux. Le bord distal de chaque article présente un verticille de soies glabres et fines. Male. Les appendices de l’urosternite I (Fig. 7a) sont grands et de forme sub- trapezoidale, avec près de septante soies glandulaires et sensorielles a7 et plus de cent vingt soies glandulaires ay; marge postérieur de l’urosternite avec une quarantaine de soies glandulaires et sensorielles g 7 et une vingtaine de poils gréles. Femelle. Les appendices de l’urosternite I sont subcylindriques, presque trois fois plus longs que larges, et possèdent sur leurs portions distales jusqu’à 18 soies glan- dulaires a] et 8 a> (Fig. 7b). TABLEAU X. Longueur (unités en um) des cerques intactes et leurs articles chez Campodea (Campodea) maestrazgoensis sp. n. Ci ab Sy 22 32 APS? A 8S CT, 122 1139 Total d , Aven Pla Malentiu, 3,85 mm 1275 860 370 425 480 515 730 675 690 650 650 675 675 650 550 8595 2, Gouffre Val de la Zoma, 5,2 mm 1790 990 440 555 670 775 900 1035 1175 1180 7720 Affinités. Chez C. maestrazgoensis Sp. n. les macrochètes médiaux antérieurs urotergaux sont absents sur les urotergites I à III et diffèrent ainsi de toutes les espèces proches. À signaler aussi la longueur et la robustesse de tous les macrochètes tergaux. C. maestrazgoensis Sp. n. est une espèce d’habitat souterrain, de grande dimension, avec de nombreux articles antennaires (36-37), longs appendices, avec des cerques 2 fois plus longs que le corps. Il s’agit d’une espèce à faciès cavernicole trouvée dans six grottes des régions karstiques du Maestrazgo, depuis l’extrême sud de la province de Tarragona, tout au long des reliefs carbonatés de Castellön (où elle cohabite avec Paratachycampa hispanica à l’Aven Plà Lifrago, Càlig.), et jusqu’au Maestrazgo de Teruel, à l’ouest. Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981 Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981: 776 1 2, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Montan, Grotte de Cirat (UTM: 700.697/4455.823/780 m), 19.XII.1998, leg. O. Escola; 1 2, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Càlig, Aven Pla de Lifrago (UTM: 273.135/4480.664/135 m), 29.XII.1992, leg. O. Escola; 1 9, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Sant Mateu, Grotte des Encenalls, 28.XII.1976, leg. C. Ribera, 1 2, 30.XII.1992, leg. O. Escola, 9 dd, 14 9 9, 2 juveniles, 26.VI.1993, leg. F. Fadrique; 1 juvénile, 21.11.2003, leg. S. Montagud et S. Teruel; 1 9, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Cabanes, Aven d’En Soria (UTM: 250.132/ 4447.251/ 333 m), 8.VIIL.1964, leg. Figar6; 1 d, 1 2, Communauté Valencienne, Castellö de la Plana, Grotte des Meravelles (UTM: 742.529/4434.95/125 m), 11.111.1979, leg. J. V. Gonzalez; 1 &,1 2, Communauté Valencienne, Castellön, Alcala de Xivert, Aven Murs I (UTM: 260.6897/4464.595/340 m), 17.1V.1994, leg. F. Fadrique et O. Escola. 2 9 2 Communauté Valencienne, Castellö, Eslida, Grotte Ferrera, 11-I-2004, leg. S. Teruel. Total: 36 exemplaires: 11 8 8,23 2 2 et 2 juvéniles. CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 909 Distribution. Espece connue de neuf grottes dans les reliefs karstiques de la chaîne du Montsià de Tarragona, et dans les chaînes côtières de Castellö jusqu’à la Chaine du Espadän, Grotte Ferrera (Eslida), sans passer, dans les chaines interieures, plus au-delà de la Grotte de Cirat (Montan). Paratachycampa peynoensis Bareth & Condé, 1981 Paratachycampa peynoensis Bareth & Condé, 1981: 780 1 dg, Communauté Valencienne, Valencia, Serra, Grotte Soterranya, 5.VIII.1976, leg. S. Montagud. Distribution. Espece connue exclusivement de deux grottes de la chaine du Calderona: Grotte du Penyo (localité type) et Grotte Soterranya, toutes deux à Serra (Valencia). DISCUSSION Le milieu souterrain du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique contient une faune de Campodéidés cavernicoles riche et diverse (Figs 8 et 9) caractérisée par la présence de quatre groupes monophylétiques (Sendra, 2003): Podocampoïde (avec des macro- chètes ma urotergaux), Plusiocampoïde (sans macrochètes mp méso- et métanotaux), Campoïde (macrochètes médiaux urotergaux) et Tachycampoïde. Son aire de distri- bution s’étend de la chaîne Pyrénéenne, traversant la chaîne côtière de Catalunya (Catalanides), aux contreforts sud-orientaux du système Ibérique. Cette province bio- géographique fut définie récemment par Sendra (2003) dans un travail sur la faune de Campodéidés cavernicoles de la péninsule Ibérique et des îles Baléares. Les reliefs des Pré-Pyrénnées et des Pyrénées Centrales contiennent, tant dans le milieu souterrain profond que dans le milieu superficiel (Condé & Mathieu, 1957; Bareth, 1983), divers représentants de la lignée Podocampoide (Fig. 8), des genres Litocampa (L. coiffaiti, L. drescoi et L. vandeli) et Podocampa (P. jeanneli), qui se trouvent sur les versants français et espagnols. Alors que la lignée Plusiocampoïde n'apparaît que sur le versant espagnol, représentée par la forme type de Plusiocampa bonneti, sa limite plus occidentale étant la Grotte Mora (massif de Huesca de San Juan de la Peña) où elle cohabite avec L. drescoi. Cependant, la répartition du genre Plusiocampa (Fig. 9) ne se limite pas uni- quement aux Pyrénées Centrales, car elle s’étend vers les Pyrénées Orientales, au nord, jusqu’à la vallée du Rhône, à travers des régions françaises de 1’ Aude, de l'Hérault et du Gard (Plusiocampa bonneti bonneti, Plusiocampa bonneti deharvengi Bareth & Condé, 1996), et au sud, tout au long des Catalanides, spécialement aux massifs de Sant Llorenc de Munt et Garraf (Plusiocampa bonneti condei ssp. n.), atteignant mé- me diverses grottes de l’intérieur de Tarragona (Plusiocampa bonneti bonneti). De la moitié méridionale des Catalanides au sud de Valencia se trouve la troi- sième lignée monophylétique, les Campoïdes, qui comprennent, pour l’instant, cinq espèces cavernicoles du sous-genre Campodea s. str., distribuées, du nord au sud (Fig. 8), dans les grottes du massif de Montserrat à Barcelona (C. egena), les chaînes de Prades et Montsant (C. cossetana sp. n.), les chaînes de Tivissa, Cardé et Pla de Cabanes (C. cf. egena), le Maestrazgo de Castellön et de Teruel (C. maestrazgoensis 910 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÄ FRANCE lo ria 11 13 Ga 5 EN 14 ÉVrénées an 12 - Lifocampa coiffaiti Litocampa drescoi Lifocampa vandeli Podocampa jeanneli > BET WO Campodea egena x Campodea cf egena * Campodea cossetana sp. n 4 fhe nonne ike “i Ports A Campodea maestrazgoensis sp. n. + Campodea grallesiensis 5 @ N a : se tek \ i Sg i A AN f a) Fic. 8 Distribution des Campodéidés cavernicoles du nord-est de la péninsule Iberique, groupes mono- phylétiques: Podocampoide et Campoide. 1.- Grotte d’ Ayssaguer; 2.- Aven R-3, Grotte Faixa des Anollos; 3.- Grotte Allara, Aven Torrent-Cema Blanca; 4.- Grotte Mora; 5.- Grotte de 1° Aire, Grotte du Molino; 6.- Grotte de Campan; 7.- Grotte de Bas-Nistos; 8.- Grotte d’Ilhet; 9.- Grotte Chaves, Solencio de Bastaras, Grallera Guara; 10.- Grotte de Ganties-Montespan; 11.- Grotte de St. Paul; 12.- Grotte de Goillon; 13.- Grotte de Peyort; 14.- Grotte de Moulins; 15.- Espluca Mayor; 16.- Grotte Enroia; 17.- Aven Mohinos; 18.- Grotte de l’Ensenyat; 19.- Aven de la Cuneta, Aven d’Irgo; 20.- Aven de St. Gerväs; 21.- Aven Tabaco; 22.- Forat des Cases Noves; 23.- Grotte du Salitre; Grotte Patrac6; Aven N° 6 de la Puda; Aven Montserrat de la Puda; Aven Clast de Coll Cassot, Aven Montserrat de Coll Cassot; 24.- Grotte Espluga de Francoli; Grotte Aıgües; Grotte Font Major; Aven du Julivert; Grotte Assedagats; 25.- Grotte Santa; 26.- Grotte Codé; Grotte de la Moneda; 27.- Grotte d’En Janet; 28.- Grotte Marcö; 29.- Gouffre Val de la Zoma; 30.- Grotte Trobada; 31.- Grotte des Encenalls; 32.- Aven de la Solaneta; 33.- Aven Plà de Lifrago; 34.- Grotte Santa; 35.- Aven Pla de Valenti; 36.- Aven d’En Serenge; 37.- Grotte du Alto de Tous; 38.- Grotte Represa Pont de Muntanya; 39.- Grotte Meravelles. Il est étonnant de trouver deux ou plus de deux espèces de Campodéidés cavernicoles cohabitant ensemble dans une méme cavité; dans cinq cavités seulement on a trouvé deux (4 cas) ou méme trois (1 cas) espèces: Grotte Mora (L. drescoi et P. bonneti bonneti); Grotte de Bas-Nistos (L. vandeli et P. Jeanneli); Grotte Santa de Montsant (C. cossetana n. sp. et P. bonneti bonneti); Aven Pla de Lifrago et Grotte des Encenalls (P. hispanica et C. maestrazgoensis sp. n.); et Aven d’En Serenge (P. hispanica, C. cf. egena et L. vandeli). Les taches grises indiquent la distribution du milieu souterrain. CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBÉRIQUES 911 FRANCE Pyr. Contrales: se ran] SI oe yrenees Orientale DE EEE: @ Pusiocampa bonneti bonneti ® Plusiocampa bonneti deharvengi © Plusiocampa bonneti condei n.ssp. O Piusiocampa pouadensis feoni * Paratachycampa hispanica %* Paratachycampa peynoensis 300 km Fic. 9 Distribution des Campodéidés cavernicoles du nord-est de la péninsule Ibérique, groupes mono- phyletiques: Plusiocampoide et Tachycampoide. 1.- Grotte Mora; 2.- Grotte de Esjamundo; 3.- Aven Mohinos; 4.- Grotte Llobrica; 5.- Grotte Chaves, Solencio de Bastaras; 6.- Grotte Manatuero-Malapreciata; 7.- Grotte Peguera; 8.- Grotte Hueso Santo; 9.- Grotte Tollasses; 10.- Pou de la Mina Porroi; 11.- Aven de Safor, Mine Superior Canal, Mine Inferior Canal; 12.- Grotte de l’Ensenyat; 13.- Grotte Gran Berganui; 14.- Grotte Brugal; 15.- Grotte des Porquers; 16.- Aven de la Dona Morta; 17.- Forat de l’Or; 18.- Aven T-38; 19.- Grotte de Cal Salitre; 20.- Aven du Xato; 21.- Grotte du Pont d’Espies; 22.- Aven de la Cuneta; 23.- Bòfia de Sant Jaume; 24.- Pou du Coll d’Alzina; 25.- Aven de la Cabana d’En Garraba, Grotte des Encantades; 26.- Fou Bor; 27.- Grotte des Encantades; 28.- Grotte du Roc Blanc; 29.- Grotte de Crouanques; 30.- Aven-grotte du Berger; 31.- Grotte de la Colombière; 32.- Aven de Taleixà; 33.- Bora Fosca; 34.- Grotte de la Pollosa, Mines de Sta. Coloma; 35.- Aven de les Pedreres; 36.- Aven de Castellcir; 37 .- Grotte Cau de la Guilla; 38.- Grotte de Mura, Aven du Club, Aven de la Falconera; Aven du Canal Ravella; Aven de la Carbonera; Grotte du Toix6; Aven du Castellet de Dalt; Aven de l’Espluga; Aven de Castellsapera, Aven Sant Jaume de la Mata; Aven de Brega, Aven du Picarol; Aven du Canal de Mura; 39.- Grotte Santa Creu d’Olorde; 40.- Aven T-38; 41.- Grotte Negra; 42.- Aven de la Roca; 43.- Grotte Mandill; 44.- Grotte Santa; 45.- Grotte des Meravelles; 46 .- Grotte du Conill; 47.- Grotte Boixa; 48.- Grotte des Encenalls; 49.- Aven Plà de Lifrago; 50.- Aven Murs I; Grotte Masies d’ Abad; 51.- Aven d’En Serenge; 52.- Grotte des Meravelles; 53 .- Grotte de Cirat; 54.- Grotte Ferrera; 55.- Grotte du Penyo, Grotte Soterranya. Les taches grises indiguent la distribution du milieu souterrain. 912 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÀ sp. n.) et, constituant sa localité la plus méridionale, la grotte valencienne de |’ Alto de Tous (C. grallesiensis Sendra & Condé, 1987). Dans les chaînes côtières de Castellé, connues pour leur surprenante faune cavernicole, apparaît la dernière lignée monophylétique, les Tachycampoides (Fig. 9), représentés par deux espèces du genre Paratachycampa: P. hispanica qui peuple la zone entre les reliefs karstiques du Montsià à Tarragona jusqu’à la Grotte Ferrera à Castellé, et P. peynoensis limitée à la chaîne valencienne de Calderona. Sendra (1990, 2003) a proposé quelques hypothèses sur l’arrivée à la péninsule Ibérique de ces quatre lignées monophylétiques de Campodéidés, dont voici un bref résumé de cette colonisation historique. Par ordre chronologique, les premiers à s’éta- blir sur la plaque Ibérique seraient les Tachycampoides, déjà présents peut-être pendant le Mésozoïque. Un représentant du genre Paratachycampa (P. bonneti Wygodzinsky, 1944) est connu d’une cavité mexicaine, de l’autre côté de |’ Atlantique. Aussi, Bareth & Condé (1981) le considèrent comme une relique laurasienne du Crétacé. Ce type de disjonction amphiatlantique, présente chez Paratachycampa, a été employée à plusieurs reprises dans la considération de l’âge d’une lignée, même avant l’acceptation mondiale de la «théorie des translations continentales» d’ Alfred Wegener (Brehm, 1947). Cette disjonction amphiatlantique se retrouve aussi dans la lignée Podocampoide, mais cette fois avec une aire de distribution plus grande que chez les Tachycampoïdes, englobant la Méditerranée occidentale (Iberia, la France continen- tale, Magreb et l’île de Sardaigne), d’un côté de l’Océan Atlantique, et 1’ Amérique Centrale et la chaîne des Appalaches de l’autre. De la même façon que pour Paratachycampa, V arrivée dans la région ibérique des Podocampoides put se réaliser à la fin du Mésozoïque ou au début du Cénozoïque (70-40 m.a.) La lignée Plusiocampoide suit un patron de distribution correspondant à l’exis- tence de l’ancien massif Catalano-Provenzal ou massif Protoligurique. L’extension maximum de ce massif comprend les terres continentales de la région Catalano- Provenzal, et aussi les micro-plaques formées par la Corse, Sardaigne, îles Baléares et celles qui correspondraient au massif Bético-Rifain (en comprenant Kabylies et massif Calabrais) (Lopez Martinez, 1989; Giusti & Manganelli, 1984; Altaba, 1998). L'arrivée des Plusiocampoïdes au massif Protoligurique, venant du nord-est, put se produire au début de l’Oligocène (37 m.a.). Ils restèrent alors séparés du reste de la péninsule Iberique à cause de la formation d’un bassin qui sera le futur système Iberique. Sur la rive opposée, la plaque Iberique put alors isoler les Tachycampoides. La phylogénie des Campoïdes reste encore peu connue et l’interprétation de leur possible colonisation est très difficile. Néanmoins, les données actuelles sur la dis- tribution des Campodea s. str., avec des macrochetes médiaux urotergaux, semblent suggérer, au moins, un âge similaire a la lignée des Podocampoides. Les Campodéidés cavernicoles ont connu au moins deux périodes d’intro- duction dans le milieu souterrain, comme ceci a été mis en évidence par Español (1969) pour d’autres groupes de la faune cavernicole ibérique. Une première période s’est produite pendant le Pliocène et l’autre au long des glaciations du Pléistocène. CAMPODEIDES CAVERNICOLES IBERIQUES 913 REMERCIEMENTS Il est important de remercier l’effort et le travail de tous les entomologistes et naturalistes qui ont mis à notre disposition les précieux échantillons, objet de notre étude. Nous remercions aussi tous les récolteurs cités dans le texte, qui déposèrent leurs Echantillons tant au Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona qu’au Museu Valencia d’Histöria Natural, institutions que nous remercions sincerement. Un grand merci au Dr M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga pour les conseils compétents concernant des problèmes de nomenclature et à Martin Arles et Jordi Domingo, pour leur aide dans la traduction en français du manuscrit. Au cours de la publication de ce travail, nous avons reçu une triste nouvelle pour la communauté zoologique: le décès de l’éminent entomologiste Professeur Dr Bruno Condé, de l’Université de Nancy. Nous voulons lui dédier cet article, en reconnaissance de son immense travail centré spécialement sur la systématique des Diploures Campodéidés. BIBLIOGRAPHIE ALTABA, C.R. 1998. Testing vicariance: melanopsid snails and Neogene tectonics in the Western Mediterranean. Journal Biogeography 25: 541-551. BARETH, C. 1980. Campodéidés endogés de Sardaigne récoltés par R. Dallai (Insecta Diplura). Redia 63: 121-135. BARETH, C. 1983. Diploures Campodéidés du milieu souterrain superficiel de la Région Ariègeoise. Mémoires Biospéologie 10: 67-71. BARETH, C. & CONDÉ, B. 1981. Nouveaux Campodéidés de grottes d’Espagne. Revue suisse de Zoologie 88 (3): 775-786. BARETH, C. & CONDÉ, B. 1996. Le complexe de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis) dans les grot- tes de la Région Pyrénéenne. Mémoires de Biospéologie 23: 127-131. BREHM, V. 1947. Reflexiones sobre relaciones zoogeogräficas de la fauna de agua dulce de la Peninsula Ibérica. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biologia Aplicada 4: 57-74. CONDÉ, B. 1947. Description de deux Campodeidae de la grotte de Bas-Nistos. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy (Nouvelle Serie) 6 (1): 18-24. CONDÉ, B. 1948a. Contribution à la connaissance des campodéidés cavernicoles de France. Notes biospéologiques 2: 35-48. CONDÉ, B. 1948b. Addition à la faune des Campodéidés cavernicoles de France. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Nancy (Nouvelle Série) 7 (2): 45-54. CONDÉ, B. 1949. Description préliminaire d’un Campodéidé cavernicole du Pays Basque Espagnol. Bulletin du Muséum d Histoire naturelle, 2° série, 21: 564-573. CONDÉ, B. 1951a. Campodéidés cavernicoles de Catalogne. Speleon 2: 51-62. CONDE, B. 1951b. Campodéidés de la région d’Orédon (Hautes-Pyrénées). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 56: 91-95. CONDÉ, B. 1993. Premiers Campodeidae cavernicoles de Chine, comme exemple de l’évolution souterraine de la famille (Diplura). Revue suisse Zoologie 100(4): 823-828. CONDÉ, B. 1997. Campodéidés des grottes du Parc Naturel Régional des Grands Causses (Insecta Diplura). Mémoires Biospéologie 24: 157-162. CONDÉ, B. & MATHIEU, A. 1957. Campodéidés endogés de la région pyrénéenne. Vie et Milieu 8(4): 439-472. EsPANOL, F. 1969. Fauna Cavernicola de Espana. Memorias Real Academia Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, n° 740, vol. XXXIX (9): 309-337. 914 A. SENDRA & O. ESCOLÄ GIUSTI, F. & MANGANELLI, G. 1984. Relationships between geological land evolution and pres- ent distribution of terrestrial gastropods in the western Mediterranean area (pp. 70-92). In: SOLEN, A. & BRUGGEN, VAN C. (eds). World-wide snails. Biogeographical studies on non-marine Mollusca. E.J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys, The Hague. LOPEZ-MARTINEZ, N. 1989. Tendencias en Paleobiogeografia. El futuro de la biogeografia del pa- sado (pp. 271-296). In: AGUIRRE, E. (ed.). Paleontologia, nuevas tendencias. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 433 pp. SENDRA, A. 1985. Campodéidos (Insecta:Diplura) cavernicolas de Cataluña y Huesca. I. Géneros Plusiocampa Silv., Litocampa Silv. y Podocampa Silv. Butlleti Instituciò Catalana Historia Natural 52 (Seccid Zoologia, 6): 119-128. SENDRA, A. 1988. Taxonomia, Filogenia y Biogeografia de la Fauna de Campodeidos Iberica, Balear y Canarıa (Hexapoda, Diplura, Campodeidae). These, Universite Valencia, 398 pp. SENDRA, A. 1990. Campodeidos (Insecta: Diplura) cavernicolas de Cataluña y Huesca. II gene- ros Campodea Westwood y Paratachycampa Wydodzinsky. Butlleti Institucid Catalana Historia Natural 58 (Secciò Zoologia, 8): 31-36. SENDRA, A. 2003. Distribucién y colonızacıön de los Campodeidos cavernicolas en la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Boletin de la Sociedad Española de Espeleologia y Ciencias del Karst 4: 12-20. SENDRA, A. & CONDE, B. 1987. Un nouveau Campodéidé troglobie de l’Est de l’Espagne (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 94 (1): 55-59. SENDRA, A., SALGADO, J.M. & MONEDERO, E. 2003. Dos nuevas especies y una subespecie de campodeidos cavernicolas de la cornisa cantäbrıca (Diplura: Campodeidae). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 26(2): 69-80. SILVESTRI, F. 1932. Campodeidae (Thysanura) de Espana. Parte prımera. Eos 8: 115-164. WYGODZINSKY, P.P. 1944. Contribuigao ao conhecimento da familia Campodeidae (Entotrophi, Insecta) do Mexıco. Annales Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolögicas 3: 367-404. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 915-919; décembre 2004 Peritelini nuovi o interessanti della fauna paleartica. VIII. Pseudomeira balcaniche (Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae) Helio PIEROTTI! & Cesare BELLO2 ! strada di Selvana 1, I - 31100 Treviso (Italia). 2 via Vespucci 11/a, I - 31033 Castelfranco Veneto (Italia). New or interesting Peritelini of the Palaearctic fauna. VIII. Pseudo- meira from the Balkans (Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae). - Pseudomeira kapleri sp. n. from Greece is described; Pseudomeira obscura (A. & F. Solari), so far only known from southern Italy and Sicily, is mentioned from Greece and Albania. Keywords: Coleoptera - Curculionidae - Peritelini - Balkans - Pseudomeira - new species. INTRODUZIONE Nel corso delle ricerche che da anni stiamo conducendo sui Peritelini paleartici abbiamo individuato una nuova specie di Grecia ed accertato l’estensione all’ Albania ed alla Grecia settentrionale dell’areale di un’altra specie nota sinora della Sicilia nord- orientale e dell’Italia meridionale. Le due specie appartengono entrambe al genere Pseudomeira Stierlin, 1881 non conosciuto finora di regioni situate ad oriente della Puglia. Quella che abita le regioni montuose più settentrionali non sembra differenziarsi apprezzabilmente da Pseudomeira obscura (A. & F. Solari, 1907), il cui areale noto non superava a oriente la Lucania, mentre quella raccolta sulla costa greca occidentale rappresenta un nuovo taxon appartenente al gruppo echidna come da noi (1995) definito, la cui rappresen- tante geograficamente più vicina è Pseudomeira apula Bellò & Pierotti, 1992, della costa leccese. Le collezioni nelle quali sono conservati gli esemplari studiati sono indicate con le seguenti sigle rispettive: BEL collezione Bellò, Castelfranco Veneto (Treviso, Italia) MHNG collezione Museum d’histoire naturelle, Ginevra (Svizzera) MMI. collezione Museo Civico di Storia Naturale - Milano (Italia) MTO collezione Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino (Italia) OSE collezione Osella, L’ Aquila (Italia) PIE collezione Pierotti, Treviso (Italia) VOR collezione Vorisek, Kladno (Repubblica Ceca) Manoscritto accettato il 23.04.2004 916 H. PIEROTTI & C. BELLÒ PARTE TASSONOMICA 1. Pseudomeira obscura (A. & F. Solari, 1907) Peritelus obscurus A. & F. Solari, 1907: 117; Porta, 1932: 64 Peritelus (Pseudomeira) obscurus, Lona, 1937: 264 Pseudomeira obscura, F. Solari, 1954: 49,53; Pierotti & Bellò, 1994: 111; Abbazzi et al., 1995923 Diagnosi. Specie di piccola statura (3,5-3,8 mm), caratterizzata da forma un po’ tozza, rostro e pronoto marcatamente trasversi, occhi subemisferici, margine sopra- oculare del vertice normalmente declive verso l’occhio, elitre subovoidali, gibbose in avanti sul dorso, vestitura terrea con qualche macchia piü chiara e setole alquanto robuste, semierette o sollevate. Gli apparati genitali maschili e femminili sono riprodotti in Pierotti & Bellö (1994). Loci typici. Sicilia, Messina; Calabria, S.Eufemia d’Aspromonte; Salernitano, Vallo di Lucania. In MMI sono conservati 24 sintipi. Distribuzione. La specie ci era nota sinora di diverse località della Sicilia nord- orientale (dintorni di Messina, Monti Peloritani, Monti Nebrodi, Monte Etna), della Calabria (Aspromonte, Sila, Orsomarso), della Campania meridionale (Vallo di Lucania) e della Lucania interna (Monte Pollino, Piccole Dolomiti Lucane). Abbiamo ora potuto esaminare quattro esemplari provenienti dall’ Albania: Mal Shent (MHNG) e tre provenienti dalla Grecia: Epiro, Monte Pindo, m 1200, Kriovrisi (Métsovon) (BEL,OSE, PIE), tutti di sesso femminile, che non evidenziano caratteri distintivi rispetto a quelli degli esemplari topotipici. Note ecologiche. La specie si rinviene solitamente nelle lettiere di Quercus, Fagus, Castanea e sotto pietre. In Grecia, è stata raccolta al vaglio, ai margini di una faggeta. 2. Pseudomeira kapleri sp. n. Serie tipica. Holotypus ¢: “Grecia, Préveza, Ag. Triäda, 22.VIII.94, leg. Osella” (MH- NG); paratypi: “Grecia, Préveza, Ag. Triäda, 22.VIII.94, leg. Osella” (BEL) 30 exx., (OSE) 9 exx., (PIE) 31 exx.; “Greece occ., Preveza, env. St.Thomas, VI.1991, leg: Kapler (BEL) rex® “Gr., Preveza, Aghios Triadä, m. 50, 22.8.1994, leg. Meregalli” (MTO) 16 exx., (VOR) 2 exx., (BEL) 25 exx., (PIE) 24 exx.; “Grecia, Preveza, Aghios Thomas, 28.VI.97, leg. Bello” (BEL) 6 exx., (PIE) 5 exx.; “Grecia, Preveza, Aghios Triadä, 28.VI.97, leg. Bello” (BEL) 45 exx. (PIE) 44 exx., “Grecia, Preveza, Aghios Triadä, 28.VI.97, leg. Osella” (BEL) 10 exx. (PIE) 10 exx.; “Grecia, Epiro, nom. Preveza, Agia Triada, 12.VII.2000, leg. Osella” (BEL) 5 exx., (PIE) 4 exx.. Diagnosi. Specie di piccola statura (3,4-4,5 mm), caratterizzata da forma alquanto robusta, rostro e pronoto trasversi, occhi un po’ appiattiti, margine sopra- oculare del vertice rialzato, elitre subovoidali (4) o alquanto allungate, a lati sub- paralleli (9 ), vestitura terrea, con macchie irregolari più scure e più chiare e setole più o meno robuste, sollevate o semierette sulle elitre. Descrizione. Forma alquanto robusta. Vestitura dorsale costituita da squame fortemente embricate, terree, spesso qua e là più chiare e più scure, queste ultime disposte a formare due grosse macchie sulla metà basale del pronoto, una macchia postscutellare e numerose altre, irregolarmente distribuite, sulle interstrie elitrali, nella regione anteapicale per lo più fuse tra loro, e da setole più o meno robuste, sollevate o semierette sulle elitre. PERITELINI NUOVI VII 917 Fic. 1 ® Loci typici di Pseudomeira obscura A. & F. Solari. @ Altre località di cattura di Pseudo- meira obscura A. & F. Solari. À Locus typicus di Pseudomeira kapleri sp. n. Rostro più (9) o meno (¢) trasverso, a lati un po’ convergenti in avanti; clipeo incavato; pterigi poco salienti; fronte un po’ più larga dell’epifronte, con un breve accenno di carena longitudinale mediana; epifronte poco rialzata ai lati, longitudinal- mente infossata al centro. Vertice alto, nel mezzo con una fossetta, sul margine sopraoculare rialzato. Occhi normali, non o appena prominenti. Antenne con scapo robusto anche nel primo terzo e articoli 4-6 del funicolo più o meno trasversi, i primi quattro o cinque con setole più robuste; clava allungata, col primo articolo talora infudibuliforme. Pronoto più (2) o meno (d) trasverso, largo alla base quanto al margine anteriore, debolmente arrotondato ai lati, sul dorso con punteggiatura irregolare, discretamente fitta. Elitre subovoidali, più (2) o meno (d) allungate, debolmente insellate, con strie di punti forti, ravvicinati ed interstrie debolmente convesse. 918 H. PIEROTTI & C. BELLO FIG. 2 Pseudomeira kapleri sp. n.: a, apice del pene in visione dorsale (scala: 0,15 mm); b, armatura genitale (scala: 0,10 mm); c, spermateca (scala: 0,10 mm); d, spiculum ventrale (scala: 0,50 mm); e, propigidio 2 (scala: 0,15 mm); f, ovopositore (scala: 0,15 mm.). PERITELINI NUOVI VIII 919 Zampe robuste; tibie anteriori sul margine esterno diritte. Propigidio sul margine posteriore incavato al centro (Fig. 2.e). Pene in visione dorsale lanceolato nella regione anteapicale (Fig.2.a); armatura genitale: Fig. 2.b. Coxiti: Fig. 2.f; spiculum ventrale: Fig. 2.d; spermateca: Fig. 2.c. Derivatio nominis. La specie è dedicata al Signor Oldrich Kapler sr., padre del primo raccoglitore, il dott. Oldrich Kapler jr. di Praga. Distribuzione geografica. Grecia centro-orientale (Fig. 1). La specie sembra estremamente localizzata. Note ecologiche. La specie è stata rinvenuta in lettiera di Olea europaea europaea L. Note sistematiche. La nuova specie è molto vicina a Pseudomeira binaghii F. Solari, 1954, della Campania, della Lucania occidentale e della Calabria, ed a Pseudomeira lucana Bellò & Pierotti, 1992, della Lucania meridionale, dalle quali si distingue per il funicolo antennale più robusto, con gli articoli 4-6 più o meno trasversi, oltre che per la forma marcatamente lanceolata dell’apice del pene. RINGRAZIAMENTI Ringraziamo il dott. Giulio Cuccodoro del Muséum d’histoire naturelle di Ginevra, il dott. Carlo Pesarini del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano e gli Amici e Colleghi Massimo Meregalli di Torino e Giuseppe Osella di L’ Aquila, per averci consentito lo studio degli esemplari conservati nei loro Istituti o nelle loro collezioni. BIBLIOGRAFIA ABBAZZI, P., COLONNELLI, E., MASUTTI, L. & OSELLA, G. 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XVI (Curculionoidea). 68 pp. Jn: MINELLI, A., RUFFO, S. & LA POSTA, S. (eds). Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 61. Calderini, Bologna. LONA, C. 1937. Curculionidae: Otiorrhynchinae II (pp. 227-412). In: SCHENKLING, S. (ed.). Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio W. Junk. Pars 160. Dr. W. Junk Verlag fiir Naturwissenschaften, ‘s-Gravenhage. PIEROTTI, H. & BELLÒ, C. 1994. Peritelini nuovi o interessanti della fauna tirrenica (Coleoptera Curculionidae Polydrosinae). 3° Contributo alla conoscenza della Tribù Peritelini. Il Naturalista Siciliano, S. IV, 18 (1-2): 107-122. PIEROTTI, H. & BELLÒ, C. 1995. Le Pseudomeira della fauna sardo-corsa (Coleoptera Curcu- lionidae Polydrusinae) 4. Contributo alla conoscenza della Tribù Peritelini. Biogeo- graphia XVIII: 523-545. PORTA, A. 1932. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. V. Rhyncophora - Lamellicornia. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 476 pp. SOLARI, A. & SOLARI, F. 1907. Descrizione di alcune forme di Curculionidi italiani. Rivista Coleotterologica Italiana 5 (4): 117-121. SOLARI, F. 1954. Proposta di un riordinamento delle Tribü degli Otiorhynchini e dei Peritelini e creazione di tre nuovi generi di questi ultimi (Col. Curculionidae). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 33: 33-63. ni Co LEUR NU ML + rin: Brg i _ Rag tipi aes ia tai mA mr > u a pr REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 921-924; décembre 2004 The status of Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) (Ensifera: Phaneropteridae) — a re-assessment Hannes BAUR! & Armin CORAY? 1 Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail: hannes.baur@nmbe.unibe.ch (correspondence) 2 Department of Biosciences, Natural History Museum, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland. E-mail: armin.coray @balcab.ch The status of Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) (Ensifera: Phanero- pteridae) — a re-assessment. - In this paper, we examine the taxonomic and nominal status of a widespread species of European bush-cricket, Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) (Ensifera: Phaneropteridae). The name B. serricauda has almost exclusively been applied to a species occur- ring mainly north of the Alps from Spain through Central Europe to the Black Sea. A re-examination of two syntypes of B. serricauda has now re- vealed that they represent a different species occurring on the south side of the Alps in France, Italy and Switzerland, currently treated as B. obtusus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881. Therefore, the species from the south side of the Alps should be called B. serricauda (instead of B. obtusus), while a new name would have to be found for the species from the north side of the Alps (hitherto B. serricauda). Considering the long established and well-defined use of B. serricauda and B. obtusus, this scenario would inevitably result in severe confusion and nomenclatural instability. Hence, a formal request will be submitted in December 2004 to the International Commission on Zoo- logical Nomenclature to preserve the accustomed use of these names. Meanwhile, we suggest maintaining the prevailing usage in both cases. We furthermore discuss the status of Barbitistes obtusus alpinus Fruhstorfer, 1920, for which an invalid neotype was designated in a recent publication. Keywords: Phaneropteridae - Barbitistes - alpinus - invalid neotype - obtusus - serricauda - taurinensis - nomenclature - taxonomy. In a recent paper, Fontana & Buzzetti (2004) discussed the status of Barbitistes obtusus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881 (Ensifera: Phaneropteridae). They showed that this name — contrary to accustomed usage (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882; Harz, 1969; Nadig, 1987; Coray & Thorens, 2001; among many others) — cannot be used for a species distributed on the southern slopes of the Alps in France, Switzerland and Italy as well as in the central Apennines. Targioni-Tozzetti (1881) actually based his taxon on some male specimens (type considered lost) from Sardinia (Italy), where the genus Barbitistes — in the current, narrow sense (Harz, 1969) — is absent; according to the Manuscript accepted 18.10.2004 922 H. BAUR & A. CORAY original description, the specific name obtusus thus applies to a Sardinian species of short winged Phaneropteridae, i.e. of the genus Leptophyes Fieber, Metaplastes Ramme or Odontura Rambur (the true identity is unclear). Therefore, Fontana & Buzzetti (2004) adopted Barbitistes alpinus Fruhstorfer, 1921 [recte 1920!] as the valid name for the respective species in the southern Alps and the Apennines [= B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti) below]. They also erected a neotype for B. alpinus from northern Italy. While we agree with Fontana & Buzzetti’s (2004) interpretation of Barbitistes obtusus of Targioni-Tozzetti (1881), their choice of B. alpinus Fruhstorfer as a sub- stitute name for B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti) is problematic for two reasons. First, Fontana & Buzzetti (2004) overlooked the existence of original type material in the case of B. alpinus (lectotype designated by Baur & Coray, 2004: 616). According to article 75.8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, fourth edition, 1999) the neotype designated by Fontana & Buzzetti (2004: 447) is thus invalid. Second, and more importantly, B. alpinus is not the oldest available name for B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti), because Locusta serricauda Fabricius, 1794 has to be considered as well. This may look bewildering, because — since Brunner von Wattenwyl (1882: 268-269)! — the specific name serri- cauda has almost exclusively been adopted for a species of Barbitistes occurring mainly on the north side of the Alps from north-eastern Spain through France and Central Europe to the Black Sea (compare distribution map in Detzel, 1998: 208). For most parts of its range, the species is considered as a northern vicariate of B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti) which is known only from the south side of the Alps (see above). However, the specific name serricauda was originally based on specimens collected at “Colline di Torino” in the Piedmont (Italy) on the southern slopes of the Alps (see Capra, 1946: 29). Nadig (1987: 268-271), who first called attention to this problem, collected specifically at the respective type locality where he found only one Barbitistes species, B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti). Nadig therefore suggested that the name B. serricauda might apply to the latter species. In order to clarify this problem, we investigated the syntype series (1 & 1 9, Figs 1-4) of B. ser- ricauda which is deposited in the Fabricius collection in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (see Zimsen, 1964)!. Not surprisingly, our examination of the diagnostic characters fully confirms the view of Nadig. For in- l Zimsen (1964: 619) mentioned in her type catalogue 2 specimens under Locusta serricauda. However, 3 conspecific specimens (2 4, 1 2) stood under the respective name in the Fabricius collection. We accept the female (Figs 1, 2), which is labelled “serricau da [on two lines]” in Fabricius’ handwriting, and also the unlabelled male (Figs 3, 4) as syntypes; the other male is labelled “ephippi ger [on two lines]” in Fabricius’ handwriting and is obviously excluded as a syntype. In the brief original description of Locusta serricauda, Fabricius (1794: 455) gave only a few characters and stated “Habitat in Italia Dr. Allioni” as origin of the material (see also Capra, 1946: 29), but he neither specified the number nor the sex of his specimens. Therefore, his description is possibly based on several female and male specimens. We thus follow recommendation 73F of the ICZN and consider also the male as part of the type series. Though the specific name serricauda (meaning “saw-tail”) and the description of the ovipositor (“ense recurvo serrato”) obviously refer to the female, all other characters fit equally well for both sexes. BARBITISTES SERRICAUDA (ENSIFERA) 923 4E Fics 1-4 Locusta serricauda Fabricius, syntypes: (1) female (scale 1 cm) with label in Fabricius’ hand- writing (original size), (2) ovipositor (scale 0.5 cm), (3) male (scale 1 cm); (4) apex of right cercus of male, from below (scale 0.1 cm). Photos H. Baur. stance, the cerci of the male syntype (Fig. 4) are slightly obtuse at the apex and thus clearly lie within the range of B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni-Tozzetti) (Nadig, 1987: 269, figure 2). Furthermore, the female syntype has an almost flattened pronotal disc (Fig. 1) which corresponds well with the shape of the female pronotum of the same species (Harz, 1969: 69, figure 232; Coray & Thorens, 2001: 93, figure 29.4). Our analysis of the type series thus leaves no doubt, that Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) must be regarded as the valid name for B. obtusus of authors (not Targioni- Tozzetti), with B. obtusus alpinus Fruhstorfer, 1920 as a junior synonym. This situation, although conclusive from a taxonomic view point, is highly problematic with regard to nomenclatural stability. As outlined above, B. serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) and B. obtusus Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881 have been widely used for more than 120 years in the sense of Brunner von Wattenwyl (1882). In a thorough review of the literature, compiled for documenting the usage of the names, B. serri- cauda appears in at least 56 and B. obtusus in at least 36 major taxonomic and faunal works, not to mention innumerable additional, smaller faunistic or ecological papers. Considering the widespread and well-defined use of these names, a strict application of the rules of zoological nomenclature would inevitably result in severe confusion concerning their application. We are therefore preparing a formal request to the /nter- national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to preserve the accustomed usage of B. serricauda and B. obtusus. This application will be submitted in December 2004 2 Barbitistes serricauda taurinensis Griffini (see Griffini, 1893: 10) most likely is a further junior synonym of B. serricauda. 924 H. BAUR & A. CORAY for publication in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. We are inviting interested researcher to comment on this case upon its publication. Meanwhile, we suggest that the prevailing usage of B. serricauda and B. obtusus be maintained (compare ICZN, art. 82). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Sigfrid Ingrisch (Bad Karlshafen, Germany), Gilles Carron (Geneva, Switzerland) and Elsa Obrecht (Natural History Museum, Bern, Switzerland) for critical reading of the manuscript. For the loan of the type series of Locusta serricauda Fabricius we thank Lars Vilhelmsen (Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). REFERENCES BAUR, H. & Coray, A. 2004 [publ. 30.9.2004]. A revision of the Blattodea, Ensifera and Caelifera described by H. Fruhstorfer. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111(3): 611-630. BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, C. 1882. Prodromus der europäischen Orthopteren. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, XXXII + 466 pp. + 11 pls + 1 map. CAPRA, F. 1946. Sulla terra tipica di alcuni ortotteroidei Italiani. Bolletino della Società Ento- mologica Italiana 76(3-4): 29-32. CORAY, A. & THORENS, P. 2001. Heuschrecken der Schweiz: Bestimmungsschlüssel / Orthopteres de Suisse: clé de détermination / Ortotteri della Svizzera: chiave di determinazione. Fauna Helvetica 5. Centre suisse de cartographie de la faune, Neuchätel, 235 pp. DETZEL, P. 1998. Die Heuschrecken Baden-Württembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 580 pp. FABRICIUS, J. C. 1794. Entomologia Systematica emenda et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom IV. Hafniae, C. G. Proft, VI + 472 pp. FONTANA, P. & BUZZETTI, F. M. 2004 [publ. 30.6.2004]. Biogeographical considerations on some mediterranean Phaneropteridae and description of a new genus and a new species from South Africa (Orthoptera). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 82(2) [“2003”]: 441-468. GRIFFINI, A. 1893. Ortotteri del Piemonte. Bollettina dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia compa- rata della R. Universita di Torino 8 (N. 141): 1-29. HARZ, K. 1969. Die Orthopteren Europas/The Orthoptera of Europe. Vol. I. Series entomologi- ca 5. W. Junk, The Hague, XX + 749 pp. NADIG, A. 1987. Saltatoria (Insecta) der Süd- und Südostabdachung der Alpen zwischen der Provence im W, dem pannonischen Raum im NE und Istrien im SE (mit Verzeichnissen der Fundorte und Tiere meiner Sammlung). I. Teil: Laubheuschrecken (Tettigoniidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 94(2): 257-356. TARGIONI-TOZZETTI, A. 1881. Orthopterum Italiae. Specie novae in collectione R. Musei Florentini digestae. Bullettino della Societa entomologica Italiana 13: 180-186. ZIMSEN, E. 1964. The type material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 656 pp. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 925-934; decembre 2004 Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soricidae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybridization experiments Peter VOGEL], Tiziano MADDALENA? & Maurizio SARA? 1 Département d’Ecologie et d’Evolution, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: peter.vogel@ie-zea.unil.ch 2 CH-6672 Gordevio, Switzerland. 3 Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Universitä di Palermo, Italy. Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soricidae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybridization experiments. - The shrew Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989 from Pantelleria (I), a Mediterranean island 100 km south of Sicily and 70 km west from Tunisia, was investi- gated in order to understand its origin and its relationship with C. russula from Tunisia, Morocco and Switzerland. With the exception of a single heterozygote centric fusion, C. cossyrensis had a karyotype identical with that of C. russula from Tunisia (2N = 42, NF = 70 to 72), but it differed from C. russula from Morocco and Switzerland (2N = 42, NF = 60). The former have 5-6 pairs of chromosomes with small arms that are acrocentric in the latter. Genetic comparisons with allozyme data revealed small genetic distance (0.04) between C. cossyrensis and C. russula from Tunisia. In contrast, this eastern clade (Tunisia and Pantelleria) is separated from the western clade (Switzerland and Morocco) by a genetic distance of 0.14. A hybridization experiment between shrews from Pantelleria and Switzerland lead rapidly to an Fl generation. From 12 F1 hybrids that were backcrossed, females reproduced normally, but none of the males did so. Concluding from the results, C. cossyrensis from Pantelleria and C. russula cf. agilis from Tunisia belong to the same taxon that may have reached the differen- tation of a biological species within the C. russula group. More geographic samples are needed to determine the definitive taxonomic positions of these shrews. Keywords: Soricidae - Crocidura - Pantelleria - Tunisia - phylogeography - chromosomes - hybrids. INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean island of Pantelleria (Italy) is situated 100 km southwest of Sicily and about 70 km east of the Tunisian coast. It is of volcanic origin; the oldest volcanic event is dated 220’000 years B.P., the most recent eruption occurred 8°000 years B.P. (Civetta et al., 1984). As on most Mediterranean islands, a small mammal Manuscript accepted 06.04.2004 926 P. VOGEL ET AL. community is present, composed of typical elements of anthropic origin such as Mus domesticus, Rattus sp., Apodemus sylvaticus and two white toothed shrews, Suncus etruscus and a species of the genus Crocidura. First discovered as subfossil remains, the material was tentatively assigned by Felten & Storch (1970) to Crocidura russula. More recently, a live specimen was trapped (Contoli & Amori, 1986) and provisionally iden- tified as C. russula. Later on, Contoli (in Contoli et al., 1989) suggested in an infrapaginal remark specific rank for this island population and named it C. cossyrensis. Finally, an identification key and other morphological traits were presented by Contoli (1990), who suggests to verify this taxonomic conclusion by other techniques. Such a verification was carried out in 1990/1991 and preliminary results (Vogel et al., 1992: Abstract in Israel Journal of Zoology 38: 424) suggested a close relation- ship of C. cossyrensis with C. russula from Tunisia. A morphological study (Sarà & Vogel, 1996) revealed a discontinuity between C. russula from Tunisia and Morocco, confirmed by a cytochrome b study (Vogel et al., 2003). Finally, a new investigation of mtDNA (Lo Brutto et al., 2004) confirms a close relationship between the shrews from Pantelleria and Tunisia, contrasting with C. russula from continental Europe. We present here evidences from karyology, an allozymic study and breeding experiments, which shed new light on shrews from Pantelleria compared to shrews from Europe, Tunisia and Morocco. MATERIAL AND METHODS The shrews from Pantelleria were collected by M.S., P.V. and Laura Zanca between 21 and 24 March 1990. We captured 1 Sucus etruscus and 8 Crocidura cossyrensis. Five were trapped at four places along the road from Siba (at 300 m) to Montagna Grande (800 m) and three around the lake Bagno dell’ Acqua. For a comparison, 2 C. russula, captured by M.S. in Ain Draham (Tunisia) in July 1990 were included in this study. Moreover, for the hybridisation experiment, some C. russula from Switzerland were used. These shrews are shown in Figure 1. The chromosomes were prepared from bone marrow with the air drying technique (Baker et al., 1982), stained with Giemsa and prepared by G-banding (C. cossyrensis: 4 individuals: IZEA-3834, IZEA-3853, IZEA-4184, IZEA-4222; C. russula from Tunisia 2 individuals: IZEA-3897, IZEA-3898; hybrids 3 individuals: IZEA-4296, IZEA-4634, IZEA-4704). For a comparison, chromosomes of C. russula from Switzerland were reanalysed (IZEA-840, IZEA-1004, IZEA-1181, IZEA-2227). The allozyme analysis was performed from liver, heart and kidney tissues using vertical starch gel electrophoresis following methods described in Maddalena (1990). It was based on three C. cossyrensis captured at different places in the field (IZEA- 3834, IZEA-3853 and IZEA3895), the two C. russula from Tunisia (IZEA-3897, IZEA-3898) compared with data formerly published (Maddalena, 1990) concerning 5 C. russula russula, from Morges (Switzerland) and 10 C. russula from Oukaimeden and Imlil (Morocco). The amount of genetic divergence between populations was esti- mated by using the index of standard genetic distance (D) proposed by Nei (1978). From the captured C. cossyrensis, six were used as founders for a breeding colony established at IZEA in Lausanne. The shrews were kept in the same conditions C. COSSYRENSIS FROM PANTELLERIA (ITALY) 927 Fic. 1 A. Crocidura russula cf. agilis from Tunisia; B. Crocidura cossyrensis from Pantelleria; C. Crocidura russula from Switzerland. The pictures were taken in a standard cage (scale bar: 1 cm). as C. russula described by Genoud & Vogel (1990). During summer 1990, three litters of C. cossyrensis with a total of 8 young were produced. In order to assess reproductive compatibility, a program of hybridisation was set up that started also in summer 1990 by forming mixed pairs of C. cossyrensis with C. russula from Switzerland, resulting 928 MC 1 2 AA AA ETS 0 an Ob 17 18 nn an CE il RI Be eC Gn Li ite a’ dio P. VOGEL ET AL. 3 4 5 SMC 6 7 8 Ku an eee An AM RT 11 12 13 14 15 16 | nn na nm an tres ne x Y ae a. (27 fn O AA /* Switzerland » ? % s @-* * a à . & è ; 4 i " ? » ww @€ » A - 2: en »a Ce gi -. M? as fa >: ga 2 ee à Pe IZEA 1181 _] = = i È x Switzerland da = © > A ha “*. AO AA OH an ga dd n h IZEA 3898 # | we = À wann ww Tunisia In wise 1277 one to ru» ug? ' . ve, ta ate WM» e è 2 IZEA 3898 : Tunisia ti 3 È Hi FIG. 2 Giemsa stained and G-banded karyotype of Crocidura russula from Switzerland (from Maddalena, 1990, but modified in the interpretation) and C. russula from Tunisia. MC = meta- centrics, SMC = submetacentrics, AC = acrocentrics; arrows indicate supplementary chromo- some arms. i ! | { C. COSSYRENSIS FROM PANTELLERIA (ITALY) 929 BAR AN See he ARS 15 : , A na ers, oe 7 IZEA 3853 AA ARN o» 7 it + EL Pantelleria 4 — = + = 1115 si, | _ aa lE ug un POT n + en en => * hà # = =. m LEZ © hs Ci yas Le Lo” 8 un ws *\ » rer: rer ot # » > 1115 “ug. m. re i radi à 4 da * iy N m + IZEA 3853 | LA è DI i : = $ 3 : a 3 * + : x Pantelleria BER ER A". JA AR 34, AU fn An 0A nr dd aa sn , , j IZEA 4704 | 0 bar “ae Au #8 A Hybrid Di À: otto ur à on. s * 3 $ il i 33 à = « e È | A Ki ae 2 È: | 3} di pesi ii is J ° ; IZEA 4704 | } | d m Hybrid ni Ci pi we FIG. 3 Giemsa stained and G-banded karyotype of Crocidura cossyrensis from Pantelleria (IZEA 5853) with 2N = 41; and of a Hybride (IZEA 4704). Arrows indicate supplementary chromosome arms. 930 P. VOGEL ET AL. in 5 litters with a total of 13 Fl hybrids. In 1991, after a period of winter inactivity, 12 hybrids (5 females and 7 males) were associated with C. cossyrensis (5 females, 1 male) and 7 C. russula from Switzerland (3 females, 4 males). The pairs were formed during 3 to 6 weeks. Such a back-cross experiment should show if the fertility of hybrids is normal. RESULTS THE KARYOTYPE The classical Giemsa stained preparation revealed for C. cossyrensis as well as for C. russula from Tunisia a basic karyotype of 2N = 42, similar to that of C. russula from Switzerland (Fig. 2 — 3), but not identical. Five pairs were metacentric, 8 or 9 were submetacentric and 6 or 7 pairs were acrocentric, resulting in aNF = 70 - 72 (definition of FN see Reumer and Meylan, 1986) instead of a NF = 60. The X-chro- mosome was metacentric and the Y acrocentric. In G-banding, the small arms did not appear and revealed the homology between the chromosomes of each individual, independent of its origin (Pantelleria, Tunisia and Switzerland). One male C. cossy- rensis (IZEA-3853), the young of a pregnant captured female (IZEA-4184), showed a karyotype of 2N = 41, clearly heterozygous with one Robertsonian fusion between chromosome 11 and 15 (Fig. 3). Theoretically, the mother (IZEA-4184) could have been 2N = 42, 41 or 40; her control revealed the same heterozygosity (2N = 41). In the analysis of G-banding preparations of Fl hybrids (C. cossyrensis x C. russula), homologous chromosomes were easily recognised, whereas the asso- ciation of the Giemsa stained chromosomes with the small arms in heterozygote state was a bit more problematic (Fig. 3). ALLOZYME COMPARISON Three specimens from Pantelleria were compared by electrophoresis to C. rus- sula from Morocco, Switzerland and Tunisia. Of the 32 loci analyzed, 25 were monomorphic (Adh, Ak, Alb, Ada, Ck-1, Ck-2, Est-1, Est-2, Got-1, Got-2, a-Gpd, Hbb, Hk, Hpd, Ipo-7, Ipo-8, Lap, Ldh-1, Ldh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Pa, 6-Pgd, Pgi and Sdh) and seven polymorphic (Table 1). The shrews of Pantelleria can be differentiated by the allele Mod”10° that is not present in the other populations. The G-6-pd!!4 allele is common for the shrew of Pantelleria and Tunisia. Nei’s 1978 values of genetic distance (D) were calculated among populations (Table 2). They were low between Pantelleria and Tunisia (0.04) and Morocco and Switzerland (0.03), but rather high between Tunisia and Morocco (0.14) and Pantelleria and Morocco (0.18). HYBRIDISATION EXPERIMENTS For the fertility experiment, 12 of the F1 hybrids (C. cossyrensis x C. russula from Switzerland) were used for back-crossing with six pure C. cossyrensis born in summer 1990 and seven C. russula from Switzerland. Moreover, we tried also the combination between F1 hybrids. The results are shown in Table 3. Many of the pair- wise associations were unsuccessful. This may happen even between fertile individuals (H-22 x Cr-34 or H-22 x Cr-35). After numerous combinations, more than 50% of all C. COSSYRENSIS FROM PANTELLERIA (ITALY) 93] TABLE 1. Alleles (and allelic frequencies) for polymorphic allozyme loci of Crocidura cossyren- sis from Pantelleria and C. russula from Tunisia, Switzerland and Morocco. Morocco Switzerland Pantelleria Tunisia n=10 n=5 n=3 n=2 G-6-pd 110 (.90) 110 (.80) 114 (1) 114 (.50) 112 (.10) 112 (.20) 90 (.50) Idh-1 150 (.80) 150 (1) 150 (1) 150 (1) 100 (.20) Idh-2 -100 (.30) -100 (.90) -100 (1) -100 (1) -75 (.70) -75 (.10) Ipo-9 92 (1) 92 (1) 93 (1) 93 (1) Mod -121 (1) -121 (1) -109 (1) -121 (1) Mpi 137 (.30) 137120) 137 (1) 13770) 100 (.70) 100 (.80) Pgm 80 (.10) 80 (.67) 80 (1) 100 (.90) 100 (1) 20 (.33) TABLE 2. Matrix of the standard genetic distances (Nei, 1978) calculated between four popula- tions of Crocidura russula and C. cossyrensis analysed by protein electrophoresis. Morocco Switzerland Pantelleria Switzerland 0.031 Pantelleria 0.179 0.145 Tunisia 0.137 0.105 0.039 TABLE 3. Reproductive success between Crocidura cossyrensis (Cc) of the first generation rized in laboratory, C. russula (Cr) and hybrids (H). In the cells are given either the litter size or the infertile association (-). sex m mem mm type Cc Cre Cre Cru Cr NS 27 SLA ETA (Crt) - ee 711 1 Ce 244 (Cet 13 1 Cc ory leary ER lan alan ino dan teary das teach dan en 932 P. VOGEL ET AL. categories combined with males and females of C. russula produced litters, e.g. 60% of the female F1 hybrids. However, no female became pregnant from a pairing with an F1 hybrid male. This result suggests reduced fertility in hybrid males, but not in hybrid females. DISCUSSION Based on morphological features, Contoli (in Contoli er al., 1989) interpreted the shrew of Pantelleria as an endemic island species. Our results show that this shrew is very close to C. russula from Tunisia, but differs from C. russula of Europe and Morocco. In Europe, until now, each Crocidura species was considered to have a specific karyotype (Vogel er al., 1990). According to the synthesis of Reumer & Meylan, (1986), C. russula from Europe is characterised by 2N = 42, NF = 60. Exactly the same was found in C. russula from Morocco (Hutterer er al., 1987). The here presented results in regard to C. cossyrensis from Pantelleria and C. russula from Tunisia showed the same diploid number of chromosomes (2N = 42) and the same banding pattern permitting to identify the same chromosomes. However, five to six pairs of normally acrocentric chromosomes have small arms, leading to a submetacentric morphology. Such small arms have been occasionally observed in European populations, e.g. by Schmid (1968) in one pair, and by Catalan (1984) in five chromosome pairs in one out of four karyotyped shrews from the island Ibiza, Spain (Crocidura russula ibizensis). In contrast to these reports, the shrews from Pantelleria and Tunisia show always a high number of submetacentric chromosomes, revealing without doubt a close phylogenetic relationship. This result is confirmed by the allozyme analysis showing a close genetic rela- tionship between the Tunisian and the Pantellerian populations. The genetic distances are typical for intraspecific populations and are of the same order as the genetic distance between the populations from Morocco and Europe, the latter having been derived from the former probably at the end of the last glaciation (Catzeflis et al., 1985; Vogel & Maddalena, 1987). Nei’s mean genetic distance D = 0.14 between the two clades is rather high for an intraspecific differentiation, but of the same level as between some populations in C. suaveolens (Catzeflis et al., 1985). These data from nuclear genes confirm results based on the cytochrome b gene (Vogel er al., 2003). In those analyses, C. russula as well as C. suaveolens seem to present species groups rather than single species. The split of the C. russula group into an eastern and western clade, was also evidenced by Lo Brutto et al. (2004) based on SSR and 12S-rRNA genes. Finally, the results of our hybridization experiment indicate a clear but some- what disrupted relationship between the European C. russula and the shrew from Pantelleria: An F1 generation and backcrosses from hybrid females were easily obtained, but hybrid males did not reproduce, suggesting at least partial sterility, in -agreement with Haldane’s rule. C. COSSYRENSIS FROM PANTELLERIA (ITALY) 933 From these results, the following taxonomic conclusion may be outlined: i) The Tunisian population, characterized by numerous pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and also by two “private alleles” (shared with C. cossyrensis) should be separated from C. russula yebalensis Cabrera, 1913 from Morocco. Sarà & Vogel (1996) assigned the Tunisian population provisionally to C. russula cf agilis Levaillant, 1867, which was described from Algeria (Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951). According to morphometric analyses (Sarà & Vogel, 1996), the geographic bor- der between the two taxa is situated in eastern Algeria, as shown by a stepped cline. ii) The shrew population on Pantelleria derived from a Tunisian population, most probably during historical time. The colonisation followed thus the classical model of postglacial human introduction as shown for the hedgehog Erinaceus algirus of Malta (Malec & Storch, 1972), C. suaveolens of Crete (Vogel et al., 1986) and Corsica (Catalan, 1984; Maddalena, 1990) and C. russula of the Canary Islands (Vogel et al., 2003). ili) The clade including C. cossyrensis and C. russula from Tunisia may have reached the level of a biological species within the C. russula group. Samples from the whole geographic area of the group are needed to determine the definitive taxonomical position of these shrews. A final remark concerns the shrews from Ibiza studied by Catalan er al. (1988). This island population compared to other European C. russula showed with a genetic distances of Nei of 0.1 the most isolated position, due to two specific alleles (in Aa-1120 and Np-R!32), while other alleles where shared with populations of Spain. As explanation, the authors supposed an African origin. The occurrence of karyotypes with and without supplementary small chromosome arms suggests a mixed origin, from continental Europe and from the eastern North African clade (C. r. cf agilis). ACKNOWLEGEMENTS We thank Laura Zanca (Palermo) for field assistance, Marianne Besson (Lausanne) for maintenance of the breeding colony, Anne-Marie Mehmeti and Nelly Di Marco for technical assistance. We are grateful to Lori-Jayne Lawson Handley who improved our manuscript by helpful comments and linguistic advice. REFERENCES BAKER, R. J., HAIDUK, N. W., RoBBINS, L. W., CADEN, A. & Koop, B. F. 1982. Chromosomal studies of South American bats and their systematic implications. Special Publication of the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, University of Pittsburgh 6: 303-327. CATALAN, J. 1984. Méthodes génétiques appliquées à la systématique des Soricidae du Midi de la France. Diplöme EPHE, Montpellier, 85 + XI pp. CATALAN, J., POITEVIN, F., FONS, R., GUERRASIMOV, S. & CROSET, H. 1988. Biologie évolutive des populations ouest-européennes de crocidures (Mammalia, Insectivora). II. Structure genetique des populations continentales et insulaires de Crocidura russula (Hermann, 1780) et de Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811). Mammalia 52: 387-400. CATZEFLIS, F., MADDALENA, T., HELLWING, S. & VOGEL, P. 1985. Unexpected findings on the taxonomic status of East Mediterranian Crocidura russula auct. (Mammalia, Insec- tivora). Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 50: 185-2001. 934 P. VOGEL ET AL. CIVETTA, L., CORNETTE, Y., CRISCI, G., GILLOT, P. Y., ORSI, G. & REQUEIO, C. S. 1984. Geology, geochronology and chemical evolution of the island of Pantelleria. Geological Magazine 121: 541-568. CONTOLI, L. & AMORI, G. 1986. First record of a live Crocidura (Mammalia, Insectivora) from Pantelleria Island (Italy). Acta Theriologica 31(26): 343-347. CONTOLI, L., BENINCASA-STAGNI, B. & MARENZI, A. R. 1989. Morfologia di Crocidura Wagler, 1832 (Mammalia, Soricidae) in Italia, Sardegna e Sicilia, con il metodo dei descrittori di Fourier: primi dati. Hystrix 1: 113-129. ConTOLI, L. 1990. Ulteriori dati su Crocidura cossyrensis Contoli, 1989, con particolare riguardo a specie congeneri dell’arena mediterranea (Mammalia, Soricidae). Hystrix 2: 53-58. ELLERMAN, J. R. & MORRISON-SCOTT, T. C. S. 1951. Checklist of Palearctic and Indian mammals, 1758 to 1946. 2d Trustees British Museum (Natural History), Cornell Univ. Press, London, 810 pp. FELTEN, H. & STORCH, G. 1970. Kleinsäuger von italienischen Mittelmeer-Inseln Pantelleria und Lampedusa. Senkenbergiana biologica 51: 159-173. GENOUD, M. & VOGEL, P. 1990. Energy requirement during reproduction and reproductive effort in shrews (Soricidae). Journal of Zoology, London 220: 41-60. HUTTERER, R., LOPEZ-JURADO, L. F. & VOGEL, P. 1987. The shrews of the eastern Canary Islands: a new species (Mammalia, Soricidae). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 40: 85-97. HUTTERER, R., MADDALENA, T. & MOLINA, O. M. 1992. Origin and evolution of the endemic Canary Island shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 46: 49-58. Lo BRUTTO, S., ARCULEO, M. & SARÀ, M. 2004. Mitochondrial simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 12S-rRNA gene reveal two distinct lineages of Crocidura russula (Mammalia, Soricidae). Heredity 92: 527-533. MADDALENA, T. 1990. Systématique, évolution et biogéographie des musaraignes Paléarctiques et Afrotropicales de la sous-famille des Crocidurinae: une approche génétique. Thèse, Université de Lausanne, Suisse, 172 pp. MALEC, F. & STORCH, G. 1972. Der Wanderigel, Erinaceus algirus Duvernoy & Lereboullet, 1842, und seine Beziehung zum nordafrikanischen Herkunftsgebiet. Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 20: 146-151. NEI, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583-590. REUMER, J. W. F. & MEYLAN, A. 1986. New developments in vertebrate cytotaxonomy IX, Chromosome numbers in the order Insectivora (Mammalia). Genetica 70: 119-151. SARÀ, M. & VOGEL, P. 1996. Geographic variation of the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula Hermann, 1780 Mammalia, Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 116: 377-392. SCHMID, W. 1968. The chromosomes of Crocidura russula. Mammalian Chromosomes Newsletter 9: 69. VOGEL, P., Cosson, J. F., LOPEZ JURADO, L. F. 2003. Taxonomic status and origin of the shrews (Soricidae) from the Canary Islands inferred from mtDNA comparison with the European Crocidura species. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution 27: 271-282. VOGEL, P., MADDALENA, T. & CATZEFLIS, F. 1986. A contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of shrews from Crete and Turkey (Crocidura zimmermanni and C. suaveolens). Acta Theriologica 31: 537-545. VOGEL, P., MADDALENA, T. & SCHEMBRI, P. J. 1990. Cytotaxonomy of shrews of the genus Crocidura from Mediterranean islands. Vie et Milieu 40: 124-129. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 935-940; décembre 2004 First records of raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834), in Switzerland Jean-Marc WEBER!, Dominique FRESARD?, Simon CAPT3 & Christophe NOEL4 ! KORA, Thunstrasse 31, CH-3074 Muri, Switzerland. E-mail: jmweber@bluewin.ch 2 Cité 101, CH-2325 Les Planchettes, Switzerland. E-mail: pchit@bluewin.ch 3 CSCF, rue des Terreaux 14, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. E-mail: simon.capt@cscf.unine.ch 4 OEPN, Les Champs-Fallat, CH-2882 St-Ursanne, Switzerland. E-mail: christophe.noel@jura.ch First records of raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834), in Switzerland. - The raccoon dog was introduced to the European part of the former USSR in the last century. Since then, the species rapidly expanded its range throughout Europe and now occurs in Germany and eastern France. Herein, we report the first confirmed observations of the raccoon dog in Switzerland and discuss the potential risks associated to its presence. Keywords: Raccoon dog - Nyctereutes procyonoides - first records - Switzerland. INTRODUCTION Originally found across eastern Siberia, northern China, Korea, and Japan, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was introduced to Europe in the last century. Around 9’000 individuals were released between the late 1920s and mid 1950s in the European part of the former USSR in order to create new fur-producing populations. Since then, the species rapidly expanded its range westwards and colonized countries such as Finland (1935), Sweden (1945), Romania (1951), Poland (1955), Czechoslovakia (1959), Hungary and Germany (1962; Nowak, 1984). Further west, in France, the first documented observation of a raccoon dog was recorded in 1979 (Artois & Duchéne, 1982). During the last decade, raccoon dog numbers increased dramatically throughout its European range. In Germany for instance, hunting statistics report a 10-fold in- crease in the number of raccoon dogs killed between 1995 and 1998 (from 398 to 3’ 250 individuals) in the whole country. Moreover, 4’325 individuals were killed in the state of Brandenburg alone in 2001/02. For comparison, only 94 raccoon dogs were killed in that state in 1995 (Anonymous, 2002). In France, where most observations are re- stricted to the eastern part of the country, this increase seems less pronounced, though there are strong evidences of reproduction in the wild (Léger, 2001; pers. comm.). Manuscript accepted 06.02.2004 936 J.-M. WEBER ET AL. Considering this impressive evolution and its proximity — occurrence of raccoon dog was confirmed in the Rhine valley in Baden-Württemberg (Linderoth, 1997) —, the species could have reached Switzerland already a few years ago. However, if some observations of raccoon dog were occasionally announced in the country, none of them was confirmed (Schmid, 1995). Here, we report on the first documented evidences of raccoon dogs in Switzerland. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observation quality for uncommon and/or secretive species like most carni- vores are varies greatly in precision and reliability. Three degrees of quality (Q1-Q3) are usually considered to standardize data interpretation in the monitoring of carnivore distribution (Molinari-Jobin et al., 2001), Q1 data (e.g. “hard facts” such as individual shot or found dead, and observations documented with photographs) being the most re- liable. In this paper, only Q1 observations were taken into account. Nocturnal, direct observations of raccoon dogs were made using a second generation light intensifier (Carl Zeiss 5.6 x 62 T) and a 30W infra-red illuminator. Pictures were taken with a digital camera (Nikon Photosmart 850) coupled to the nightvision system. When possible, raccoon dog carcasses were weighed and the following mor- phometrical measures taken: 1) head and body length (HB), tail length (T), hind foot length (HF), ear length (E) and shoulder height (S). A necropsy was performed at the Institute of Animal Pathology (University of Bern) and stomach content examined for dietary purposes. RESULTS The first confirmed observation of a raccoon dog (NPI) in Switzerland was made in Leuggern (47° 33° N, 8° 11° E; altitude: 400 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1[1]) on September 15th 1997. The animal was run over by a car. Details on this individual are missing since no official report was established. According to the game keeper who found it, the origin of the animal could not be determined. The raccoon dog was stuffed and nowadays is exposed in Leibstadt schoolhouse. Looking for signs of lynx presence along the river Doubs, one of us (DF) observed during about five minutes on December 4' 2002 (21h50) what he considered to be a raccoon dog. The animal was foraging along the shore. Five weeks later, on January 15° 2003 (23h35) and in the same circumstances, a raccoon dog was observed some 500 m downstream from the first spot. However, both observations could not be documented. Finally on April 24 2003 (03h55), after 144 hours of night observation in the area, a raccoon dog (NP2) was seen again 300 m upstream from the first spot (Commune of Les Bois; coordinates: 47° 11’ N, 6° 52’ E; altitude: 540 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1[2]). Three pictures of the animal were taken. On August 6' 2003, a raccoon dog (NP3) was found dead on the verge of the A16 highway between Alle and Porrentruy (Commune of Alle; coordinates: 47° 25’ N, 6° 52° E; altitude: 460 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1[3]). The individual, killed by a vehicle, was an adult male in good condition (Table 1). Plums (Prunus insititia) formed the bulk — ca. 937, RACCOON DOG IN SWITZERLAND ‘UQUAUISON = | ‘ITV = € ‘sıog SII=T ‘U1988n97T = ] 'PUELISOZNAS UI SUONEAIISIO 3op UOOIIEI PIULIYUOI JO UONEIOT '[ DIA 5 (SiO) 1VLSO39 sues op pUS 4 FOOT JR 4955 Si} OM 09 938 J.-M. WEBER ET AL. 95% of the volume — of the stomach content (80 g). The remaining 5 % were made of maize (Zea mays), two adults Coleoptera (Abax sp.), one larva of an unidentified Diptera, and a few rodent hair and earthworm chetae. TABLE 1. Morphometric measures of the two raccoon dogs killed in 2003 (see text for abbreviations). Individual Weight (kg) HB (mm) T (mm) S (mm) HF (mm) E (mm) NP3 5.8 640 184 285 113 62 NP4 7.6 590 180 115 40 An additional observation of a raccoon dog (NP4) was recorded on October 18 2003 in central Switzerland. An adult male was shot in the Commune of Göschenen (coordinates: 46° 39° N, 8° 30° E; altitude: 1570 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1[4]). Body condition was good (Table 1), though pronounced tooth wear and the presence of a tumour on the testes suggested the individual to be quite old (M.-P. Ryser, pers. comm.). Stomach content (22.4 g) was predominantly composed of plant material and a few rodent hair. DISCUSSION The occurrence of raccoon dogs in Switzerland constitutes a further step in the colonization process of Europe by this exotic canid. Considering its rapid expansion through the continent and its status in the neighbouring German and French border regions (A. Elliger, pers. comm.; Léger, 2001), the presence of raccoon dogs in northern Switzerland is not surprising. The area and its extensive lowland deciduous forests certainly provide suitable habitats and enough food resources for this predator (Duchêne & Artois, 1988). On the other hand, more surprising is the observation reported from the mountains of central Switzerland, since raccoon dogs are seldom found above 600 m a.s.l. (Duchéne & Artois, 1988). Could this individual have escaped from captivity or does this observation reflect the high adaptability of the species? It is difficult to answer without reservation, but to our knowledge no raccoon dog is or was recently kept in captivity in this region. The striking increase in raccoon dog numbers observed during the last decade notably in eastern Germany (Anonymous, 2002), emphasizes the outstanding capacity of expansion of the species. Several factors may explain this success. Like its close relative the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the raccoon dog has a body size that is small enough to remain relatively inconspicuous, but large enough not to be too vulnerable. Moreover, it is a generalist opportunist predator that may well adapt to changing trophic conditions, and should food resources become scarce during harsh winters, the raccoon dog has the capacity to hibernate (Duchêne & Artois, 1988). Rapid colo- nization could also be explained by a high rate of reproduction (Helle & Kauhala, 1995). The number of cubs per litter is generally comprised between 3 and 8, but can reach a maximum of 19 (Duchêne & Artois, 1988). Lastly, apart from man, the most important natural predator of the raccoon dog, the wolf (Canis lupus), is still un- common in Western Europe (Duchêne & Artois, 1988). Under these circumstances, it is likely that the colonization of new areas in Europe will continue. RACCOON DOG IN SWITZERLAND 939 Introduced exotic predators have usually a negative impact on the native fauna (Dickman, 1996; Ferreras & Macdonald, 1999 inter al.). Dietary analyses carried out in Romania (Barbu, 1972) and more recently in Finland (Kauhala & Auniola, 2001) showed that raccoon dogs fed extensively on waterfowl and their eggs, and on am- phibians amongst others. Therefore, the spread of this predator in Switzerland could possibly threaten, by direct predation, some vulnerable and/or endangered ground- nesting bird species and also contribute to the on-going decline of amphibian popula- tions. Interspecific competition is another potential problem linked to the introduction of raccoon dogs. In Belarus, Sidorovich et al. (2000) found a considerable dietary over- lap among generalist carnivores, such as red fox, badger (Meles meles), pine marten (Martes martes), polecat (Mustela putorius) and raccoon dog. In addition, their study suggested that after the raccoon dog had reached a high population density, the native generalist predators began to decline. As far as we know, this is the only evidence of a possible intra-guild competition involving the raccoon dog and other carnivores. Therefore, further investigation is clearly required to confirm it unequivocally. Finally, the raccoon dog has an important potential role in disease transmission to native wildlife. In Russia and Poland for instance, it is the main vector of rabies beside the red fox. It also hosts a variety of parasitic helminths, such as trichina (Trichinella spi- ralis), and arthropods (1.e. Sarcoptes scabiei) (Duchéne & Artois, 1988). As an exotic species, the raccoon dog can be shot year-round by game-keepers in Switzerland. However, regulation by hunting seems ineffective as suggested by the German example (Anonymous, 2002). Consequently, there is no obvious reason why colonization of suitable areas in Switzerland should stop. Actually, raccoon dogs could be more common in Switzerland than expected, recent observations being only the tip of the iceberg. For this reason, and considering the lack of scientific knowledge on the species in Western Europe and the above-mentioned potential problems, a monitoring program of the raccoon dog population should be implemented as soon as possible. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank R. Altermatt, M. Artois, M.-J. Duchéne, A. Elliger, A. Kalt, F. Léger, H. Mattli, M.-P. Ryser and F. Schluchter for their precious collaboration. S. Schorderet Weber made useful comments on the first draft of the manuscript. REFERENCES ANONYMOUS. 2002. Jagdbericht des Landes Brandenburg 2001/2002. Landesforstanstalt, Eberswalde, 45 pp. ARTOIS, M. & DUCHENE, M.-J. 1982. Premiere identification du chien viverrin (Nyctereutes pro- cyonoides Gray, 1834) en France. Mammalia 46: 265-267. BARBU, P. 1972. Beiträge zum Studium der Marderhundes Nyctereutes procyonoides ussurensis, Matschie, 1907, aus dem Donau Delta. Säugetierkunde Mitteilungen 20: 375-405. DICKMAN, C. R. 1996. Overview of the impacts of feral cats on Australian native fauna. Report for the Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra, 92 pp. DUCHÊNE, M.-J. & ARTOIS, M. 1988. Les carnivores introduits: chien viverrin (Nyctereutes pro- cyonoides Gray, 1834) et raton laveur (Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758). In: ARTOIS, M. & DELATTRE, P. (eds). Encyclopédie des carnivores de France No 4 et 6. Société française pour l’etude et la protection des mammifères, Paris, 49 pp. 940 J.-M. WEBER ET AL. FERRERAS, P. & MACDONALD, D. W. 1999. The impact of American mink Mustela vison on water birds in the upper Thames. Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 701-708. HELLE, E. & KAUHALA, K. 1995. Reproduction of the raccoon dog in Finland. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 1036-1046. KAUHALA, K. & AUNIOLA, M. 2001. Diet of raccoon dogs in summer in the Finnish archipelago. Ecography 24: 151-156. LEGER, F. 2001. Répartition en France de trois petits carnivores introduits. Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung 26: 137-139. LINDEROTH, P. 1997. Der Marderhund (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray 1834). WFS- Mitteilungen 4: 1-4. MOLINARI-JOBIN, A., MOLINARI, P., BREITENMOSER-WURSTEN, C., WÖLFL, M., STANISA, C., FASEL, M., STAHL, P., VANDEL, J.-M., ROTELLI, L., HUBER, T., ADAMIC, M., KOREN, I. & BREITENMOSER, U. 2001. Pan-alpine conservation strategy for the lynx. Nature and environment 130. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 20 pp. Nowak, E. 1984. Verbreitungs- und Bestandsentwicklung des Marderhundes, Nyctereutes pro- cyonoides (Gray, 1834) in Europa. Zeitschrift fiir Jagdwissenschaft 30: 137-154. SCHMID, P. 1995. Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834). In: HAUSSER, J. (ed.). Mammiféres de la Suisse. Birkhduser Verlag, Basel, 501 pp. SIDOROVICH, V. E., POLOZOV, A. G., LAUZHEL, G. O. & KRASKO, D. A. 2000. Dietary overlap among generalist carnivores in relation to the impact of the introduced raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides on native predators in northern Belarus. Zeitschrift fiir Säuge- tierkunde 65: 271-285. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 941-950; décembre 2004 A new species of scutacarid mites transferring fungal spores (Acari, Tarsonemina) Ernst EBERMANN & Manfred HALL Institut für Zoologie, Biodiversität & Evolution, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria. E-mail: ernst.ebermann @uni-graz.at, manfred.hall@gmx.at A new species of scutacarid mites transferring fungal spores (Acari, Tarsonemina). - The mite species Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n. (Hetero- stigmata, Scutacaridae) is described. Females of this species use the atrium genitale as a transport container (sporotheca) for fungal spores. The females have been found phoretic on soil-dwelling sphecids and, less commonly, on soil-dwelling bee species. The male and larva are still unknown. /mparipes breganti sp. n. is recorded from a number of collection sites in Austria, Belgium and Germany. Keywords: Acari - Scutacaridae - new mite species - spore transfer - sporothecae - Sphecidae - wild bees - phoresy. INTRODUCTION The transfer of fungal spores via a sporotheca in mites is a rare phenomenon. Even though it has evidently evolved repeatedly, it — as far as our state of knowledge goes — only occurs in few of the heterostigmate families (Lindquist, 1985). In the course of an examination of phoretic mites which mainly were collected from wild bees and sphecids we recently discovered two species of the mite family Scutacaridae that also transport fungal spores by means of a sporotheca (Ebermann & Hall, 2003). Both species, /mparipes haeseleri Ebermann & Hall, 2003 and Imparipes apicola (Banks, 1914), use their atrium genitale as a transport container for fungal spores. We now also discovered this type of sporotheca in another european scutacarid species of the genus /mparipes. The description of this new species is presented in this paper. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wild bees, sphecids and slide preparations were placed at our disposal from the following collections: ISNB, OÖLM, LJG, ZMUH. LOCALITIES AND HYMENOPTEROUS HOSTS The labelling of samples refers to original labels of microscopic preparations or prepared insects, respectively. Manuscript accepted 04.05.2004 942 E. EBERMANN & M. HALL AUSTRIA: AUT-BL-2b: Oberhenndorf N Jennersdorf, S-Burgenland (46°59'N, 16°08'E); Crossocerus elongatulus (v. d. Linden, 1829) (Sphecidae): ©, 25.06.1997, Bregant leg., Gusenleitner det.; (LJG), 1 mite. AUT-BL-2c: same as AUT-BL-2b; Crossocerus ovalis Lepeletier & Brullé, 1834) (Sphecidae): 9, 19.05.1997, Bregant leg., Gusenleitner det.; (LJG), 1 mite. AUT-BL-3: Weiden bei Rechnitz (47°18'N, 16°21'E), Hylaeus variegatus (Fabricius, 1798) [“Prosopis varie- gatus”] (Apidae): 2, 21.08.1996, Bregant leg., Hausl-Hofstätter det. (LJG), 3 mites. AUT-BL-4: Tauka; Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) (Sphecidae): 6, 31.07.2000, Gusenleitner leg. & det.; (OÖLM), 1 mite. AUT-NO-1b: Falkenstein, Dörfl- Glaserberg; Andrena flavipes Panzer, 1799 (Apidae): 4 , 13.05.1998, Ruckenstuhl leg., Gusenleitner det.; (OOLM), 1 mite. AUT-OO-2d: Plesching near Linz; Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) (Sphecidae): 2, 29.08.2000, Schwarz leg., Gusenleitner det.; (OÖLM), 2 mites. AUT-OO-5: Mühlbach S Wilhering; Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) (Sphecidae): d, 01.07.1999, Gusenleitner leg. & det.; (OOLM), 2 mites. AUT-OÖ-6: Schabetsberg SE St. Agatha; Andrena flavipes Panzer, 1799 (Apidae): d, 21.04.2000 Gusenleitner leg. & det.; (OOLM), 1 mite. AUT-OO-7: Müllerberg S Bad Schallerbach; Andrena flavipes Panzer, 1799 (Apidae): à, 07.04.2000, Gusenleitner leg. & det.; (OÖLM), 3 mites. AUT-OO-8: Weinzierlbruck N Prambachkirchen; Andrena flavipes Panzer, 1799 (Apidae): d, 21.04.2000, Gusenleitner leg. & det.; (OOLM), 1 mite. AUT-ST-3d: Windische Biihel, Kranach (Menhart), NNE Leutschach (46°41'N, 15°28'E); Lindenius panzeri (v. d. Linden, 1829) (Sphecidae): 2, 29.09.1996, Bregant leg., Gusenleitner det.; (LJG), 1 mite. AUT-ST-3g: Kranach NE Leutschach, farm Menhart, S-Styria (46°69'N, 15°48'E; 400 m), Cerceris sabulosa (Panzer, 1799) (Sphecidae): d, 08.08.1994, Hausl- Hofstätter leg., Bregant det. (LJG), 1 mite. AUT-ST-9a: Freienberg SW Stubenberg am See, E-Styria, Diodontus luperus Shuckard, 1837 (Sphecidae): ©, 11.07.1995, Bregant leg. & det. (LJG), 1 mite. AUT-ST-11a: Weinburg or W-Styria; Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) (Sphecidae): 2, Maly leg. & coll., Dollfuss det.; (LJG), 3 mites. AUT-ST-11b: same as AUT-ST-11a; AUT-ST-11a; Gorytes sp. (Sphecidae): 1 ex., Maly leg. & coll.; (LJG), 10 mites. AUT-?-1: Seeboden; Sphecodes monilicornis (Kirby, 1802) (Apidae): ©, 22.07.1909, Ebmer det., Salzmann coll.; (LJG), 1 mite. BELGIUM: BEL-5: Uccle: Lestica subterranea (Fabricius, 1775) [“Crabro subterraneus”] (Sphecidae): 4, 08.06.1946, Crevecoeur; (ISNB), 2 mites. BEL-6: Wesembeek; Osmia papaveris (Latreille, 1799) (Apidae): d, 22.06.1941, Crevecoeur; (ISNB), 1 mite. GERMANY: GER-12: Hosiine; Diodontus tristis (v. d. Linden, 1829) (Sphe- cidae): 2, 28.06.1903, Haeseler det.; (ZMUH), 4 mites. GER-13: Achim near Bremen; Diodontus tristis (v. d. Linden, 1829) (Sphecidae): ¢, 30.06.1979, Haeseler det.; (ZMUH), 2 mites. GER-14: Bornhausen; Lindenius albilabris (Fabricius, 1793) (Sphecidae): 2, 09.08.1973, Haeseler det.; (ZMUH), 47 mites. GER-19: Dingstede; Crossocerus varus Lepeletier & Brullé, 1835 [“Crossocerus pusillus”] (Sphecidae): 9, 08.07.1983, Haeseler det.; (ZMUH), 1 mite. GER-20: Quelkhorn near Bremen; Diodontus tristis (v. d. Linden, 1829) (Sphecidae): 4, 09.08.1970, Haeseler det.; (ZMUH), 5 mites. FUNGAL TRANSFER IN SCUTACARIDAE 943 ABBREVIATIONS Description: aPS = anterior margin of segment PS; Ag = aggenital plate; ap = apodeme; aStpl = anterior sternal plate; b = anterior margin of ge; Fe = femur; ge = genital sclerite; Gen = genu; [Ta = length of tarsus; IPrTa = length of pretarsus; n = number; PrTa = pretarsus; PS = segment PS; pStpl = posterior sternal plate; sl, s2 = lateral margins of ge; sol = solenidion; spo = spores; Ta = tarsus; Ti = tibia; TiTa = tibiotarsus; Tr = trochanter; x = average; = about the same length; < = shorter than; > = longer than; > = the same length or longer; < = the same length or shorter; al, 02, B = enclosed angles of ge. Localities: AUT = Austria, BEL = Belgium; GER = Germany; Austrian provinces: BL = Burgenland, NÖ = Lower Austria, OÖ = Upper Austria, ST = Styria. Collections: CEE = Collection Ernst Ebermann, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Austria; HNHM = Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; ISNB = Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium; MH- NG = Museum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. OÖLM = Oberöster- reichisches Landesmuseum, Linz, Austria; LJG = Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria; ZMUH = Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg, Germany. PREPARATION AND MEASUREMENTS The dried phoretic mites were removed from their hymenopterous hosts with the tip of a moistened pencil, then transferred to 70% methanol and embedded in Swan‘ Medium. We measured the anterior and lateral margins of the genital sclerite and their angles. The calculated values are given as relative values in the descriptions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Imparipes (Imparipes) breganti sp. n. (female) Figs 1-2, 3a, 4-6 Material: 95 2 ? (11 of these were used for molecular-biological analysis: AUT-BL-4, AUT-NO-1b, AUT-OO-2d, AUT-OO-5, AUT-00-6, AUT-OO-7, AUT-OO-8). Holotype (speci- men from AUT-BL-3) and 83 paratypes from 16 localities in Austria, Belgium and Germany (see list of localities). Deposition: Holotype and 2 paratypes in MHNG, 81 slides with paratypes in CEE, HNHM, ISNB, MHNG, ZMUH. Diagnosis: Imparipes breganti sp. n. is most closely related to Imparipes api- cola (Banks, 1914); both species correspond in following characteristics: Similar setation of venter. Relative length of legs: Leg I < leg II < leg III << leg IV. Relative length of segments of leg IV: ITr to ITi < ITa to IPrTa. The manner of attachment of ge on segment PS. Posession of a sporotheca; similar type of enclosed fungal spores. Association with soil-dwelling hymenoptera. Differences between J. breganti and I. apicola: Setae of dorsum in breganti relatively longer and more slender than in apicola. Relative length of setae dTi, tc’ and tc” (leg IV): breganti dTi > te’ > te”, api- cola: tc’ > dTi > te”. Genital sclerite of breganti is generally broader than in apicola (Fig. 3a-b). Description: Body dimensions (measurements given in um): Idiosoma length: 199 - 230, x = 209 (n = 20), holotype 210; broad (measured in the widest part of seg- 944 E. EBERMANN & M. HALL ment C): 146 - 182, x = 161 (n = 20), holotype 158; width of aStpl (measured as distance between insertion points of setaelb): 46 - 52, x = 48 (n = 20), holotype 49; width of pStpl (measured in the widest part laterally of 3c): 86 - 103, x = 94 (n = 20), holotype 96. Entire surface of body with tiny pores; cupulae ia and ih large, roundish. Dorsum (Fig. 1): Free margin of tergite C broad, with fine, radiating stripes (not illustrated in Fig. 1); cl and c2 without alveolar canal. All setae barbed. Setae cl and c2 somewhat more slender than the other dorsal setae. Identical setae of specimens from different localities moderately differing in length. Relative length of setae (x of 20 specimens): hl = c2> cl= d= f>h2= e. Venter (Fig. 2): Gnathosoma: Setae chl not extending beyond palpal region; apl and ap2 well developed, ap3 weakly sclerotized, ap4 not reaching to acetabula of leg III, a small secondary apodeme present immediately below ap4, ap5 strongly reduced, its outer parts remaining before 4b. Ventral setae moderately varying length. Relative length of setae (x of 20 specimens): 4c > 4b > 3b > 3a > 4a> 3c= la>2a > 1b2 2b. All setae barbed, ps2 and some gnathosomal setae smooth. 2b daggerlike, with only a few barbs. 3b standing somewhat before 3a and 3c, 3a approaching inser- tion points of 4a, 3b extending to insertion points of 4b. psi = ps3 > ps2; distance psi-psi = distance ps2—ps3 (x of 20 specimens). Genital sclerite (Figs 2, 3a, 4): Strongly sclerotized, on its ventral surface irregularly scattered scratches, its attachment on the anterior margin of segment PS shown in Fig. 3a; anterior margin of segment PS lateral to ge bent backwards as shown in I. apicola; measurement of ge (x of 39 specimens): b = sl and s2;1 v2. Extremities: Relative length (x of 32 specimens): Leg I < leg II < leg HI << leg IV. Leg I (Figs Sb, c): Setal formula: Tr 1, Fe 3, Ge 4, TiTa 16, 4 sol; sol @2 slender, longer than tubercle, G1 large, stout, @2 club-shaped, @1 similar to w2 but thicker; rela- tive length of sol (n= 18): w2 = @1 = @1 = @2; TiTa with small claw, tip of claw more or less elongated; v’Fe smooth, with thickened tip. Leg II (Fig. 6a): Setal formula: Tr 1, Fe 3, Ge 3, Ti 4 (sol @), Ta 6 (sol ©); Ta with 2 claws and pulvillus. Leg III (Fig. 6b): Setal formula: Tr 1, Fe 2, Ge 2, Ti 4 (sol ®), Ta 6; Ta with 2 claws and pulvillus. Leg IV (Fig. 6c): Setal formula: Tr 1, Fe 2, Ge 1, Ti 4 (sol @), Ta 4; relative length of tibial/tarsal setae (x of 21 specimens): dTi > tc’ > tc” > pv” > pv’. Length ratios between Tr, Ta and PrTa (x of 21 specimens): ITa < IPrTa; ITr to ITi < ITa to IPrTa. Male and Larva: Unknown. FUNGAL TRANSFER IN SCUTACARIDAE 945 FIG. 1 Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n., female (holotype), dorsum. Idiosoma length 210 um. Bionomics: Phoretic females were mainly found upon soil-dwelling sphecids but also upon soil-dwelling bees. Etymology: The species name “breganti” is dedicated to the former staff member of the Landesmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Austria), Mr Eugen Bregant (1937- 2003), for his entomological research in the eastern part of Austria. E. EBERMANN & M. HALL 946 FIG. 2 Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n., female (holotype), venter; arrows mark the fungal spores (spo) in the atrium genitale. o FUNGAL TRANSFER IN SCUTACARIDAE 947 FIG Genital sclerite (ge): a = Imparipes breganti sp. n., b = I. apicola. Left: these figures show how the sclerite is anchored to the anterior margin (aPS) of segment PS; right: examples for the variability of ge. FIG. 4 Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n., female with 15 fungal spores in the atrium genitale (microphoto- graph, bar = 10 um); ge = genital sclerite. Mite from sample GER-13. TRANSPORT OF FUNGAL SPORES Imparipes breganti sp. n. has been proven to be yet another scutacarid species transporting fungal spores in a sporotheca. The sporotheca of /. breganti sp. n. cor- responds to the type which we also detected in /. haeseleri and I. apicola. The size and shape of the spores corresponds to the Type “B” found in /. apicola; the frequency of spore-carrying females of /. breganti sp. n. is at 73.7% significantly lower than that in I. haeseleri (99.6%) and I. apicola (99,1%) (Ebermann & Hall, 2003). Reasons for this are as yet unknown. This third record of a spore-carrying species is an indication that 948 E. EBERMANN & M. HALL FIG. 5 Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n., female (a - b = holotype), a = trichobothrium, b = leg I, arrows = claw and solenidia, c = proximal part of leg I of a paratype. there may potentially be other scutacarid species associated to Aculeata using sporothecae for spore-transfer and that fungi probably play an important role in the mites’ cycle of development. In an earlier paper we discussed the potential significance of the sporothecae among the Scutacaridae (Ebermann & Hall, 2003). A solution to the issue is still pending. Further details on the relationship of bee or sphecid hosts and mites, the occurrence of sporothecae and a discussion on zoogeographical aspects will be published elsewhere (Hall & Ebermann, in press). FIG. 6 Imparipes (I.) breganti sp. n., female (holotype): a = leg II, b = leg III, c = leg IV. 950 E. EBERMANN & M. HALL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our sincere thanks to following persons and institutions: Dr Karl Adlbauer (Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria), Eugen Bregant } (Graz, Austria) and Dr Hieronymus Dastych (Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg, Germany), Prof. Dr Alexander Fain (Institut Royal de Zoologie, Brussels, Belgium), Mag. Fritz Gusenleitner (Biologiezentrum OÖ Landesmuseum Linz, Austria), Dr Josef Gusenleitner (Linz, Austria), Prof. Dr Volker Haeseler (Universität Oldenburg, Germany), Dr Ulrike Hausl-Hofstätter (Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria), REFERENCES Banks, N. 1914. New Acarina. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 6: 55-66. EBERMANN, E. & HALL, M. 2003. First Record of Sporothecae within the Mite Family Scutaca- ridae (Acari, Tarsonemina). Zoologischer Anzeiger 242: 367-375. HALL, M. & EBERMANN, E. (In press). Zoogeographical aspects of some scutacarid-species and their phoresy hosts (Acari, Heterostigmata; Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Revue suisse de Zoologie. LINDQUIST, E. E. 1985. Discovery of sporothecae in adult female Trochometridium Cross, with notes on analogous structures in Siteroptes Amerling (Acari: Heterostigmata). Journal of Experimental and Applied Acarology 1: 73-85. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 951-952; décembre 2004 A new replacement name for Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (non Castelnau, 1872) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cixiidae) Werner E. HOLZINGER Ökoteam - Department of Faunistics and Animal Ecology, Bergmanngasse 22, A-8010 Graz, Austria. E-mail: holzinger@oekoteam.at A new replacement name for Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (non Castelnau, 1872) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cixiidae). - The preoccupied name Vincentia Uhler, 1895 nec Castelnau, 1872 is replaced by Nivcentia nom. nov. Five species are currently placed in this genus, namely Nivcentia interrupta (Uhler, 1895) comb. nov. (type species), N. hewanorrae (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov., N. christopheri (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov., N. grenadana (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov. and N. substigmatica (Lethierry, 1881) comb. nov. Keywords: Nivcentia - Fulgoromorpha - Pisces - Apogonidae - Coleoptera - Cerambycidae. INTRODUCTION Vincentia was erected as monotypic genus by Castelnau (1872) to accommodate V. waterhousii Castelnau, 1872, a marine, south Australian ray-finned fish species (Vertebrata: Pisces: Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae). Today, six species are included in this genus (Gomon er al., 1994). Uhler (1895) described a new planthop- per genus from St. Vincent (West Indies), and he also named it Vincentia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Pentastirini). This genus comprises five species today (Holzinger er al., 2002). Finally, the name Vincentia was also given to a genus of African cerambycid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by Lepesme & Breuning (1956). Their type species, Vincentia bingervillensis Lepesme & Breuning, 1956 turned out to be a younger synonym of Micrambyx brevicornis Kolbe, 1893, so Vincentia Lepesme & Breuning, 1956 was placed in synonymy with Micrambyx Kolbe, 1893 (Mourglia, 1991). NOMENCLATURAL CONSEQUENCES Vincentia Uhler, 1895 and Vincentia Lepesme & Breuning, 1956 are preoc- cupied genus names; thus only Vincentia Castelnau, 1872 may be used as a valid name. In case of Vincentia Lepesme & Breuning, 1956, a replacement name is unnecessary, Manuscript accepted 20.04.2004 952 W. E. HOLZINGER as this name is treated as younger synonym of Micrambyx Kolbe, 1893. Concerning the planthopper genus Vincentia Uhler, 1895, neither an objective nor a subjective synonym is available. Therefore a replacement name is necessary and herewith proposed: Nivcentia nom. nov. pro Vincentia Uhler, 1895 nec Castelnau, 1872. Type species: Vincentia interrupta Uhler, 1895. Included species: Nivcentia interrupta (Uhler, 1895) comb. nov., Nivcentia hewanorrae (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov., Nivcentia christopheri (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov., Nivcentia grenadana (Fennah, 1945) comb. nov. and Nivcentia substigmatica (Lethierry, 1881) comb. nov. Etymology: The name is an arbitrary combination of letters. Gender: feminine. REFERENCES CASTELNAU, F. L. 1872. Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia. No. II. Note on some South Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria 1872: 243-247. GoMmon, M. F., GLOVER, J. C. M. & KUITER, R. H. 1994. The fishes of Australia’s south coast. State Print, Adelaide, 992 pp. HOLZINGER, W. E., EMELJANOV, A. F. & KAMMERLANDER, I. 2002. The family Cixiidae Spinola 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) - a review. Denisia 4: 113-138. LEPESME, P. & BREUNING, S. 1956. Coleoptera Cerambycidae récoltés par J. Vincent en Côte d’Ivoire. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 18, ser. A, 4: 1130-1134. MOURGLIA, R. 1991. Il genere Micrambyx Kolbe 1893 (Coleoptera Cerambycidae). Lambil- lionea 91(1): 3-22. UHLER, P. R. 1895. An enumeration of the Hemiptera-Homoptera of the Island of St. Vincent, W. I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 55-84. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 953-978; décembre 2004 Five new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the middle and lower Amazon System Pedro HOLLANDA CARVALHOI» & Claude WEBER! 1 Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, Case postale 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. E-mail: claude.weber@mhn.ville-ge.ch 2 Departement de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Université de Genève, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland. Five new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the middle and lower Amazon System. - Five new species of Hypostomus from the cochliodon group are described from the middle and lower Amazonian Basin. Data for a population of H. hemico- chliodon Armbruster, 2003 from Rio Branco (Roraima, Brazil) and comments on the identity of Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854, and on the paraphyly of the group are given. A hypothesis that Hypostomus soniae sp. n. may have been separated from a Paraguayan species during the late Tertiary is advanced. A key for identification for the species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group from Amazon Basin is given. Keywords: Hypostomus - cochliodon group - Amazon Basin - catfishes - new species - systematics. INTRODUCTION Hypostomus La Cépède, 1803 is one of the most species rich genera among the South American fishes, with 111 valid species and about one third more still un- described (Weber, 2003; Armbruster, 2003). The species of the cochliodon group are reported from the Amazon, Orinoco, La Plata and Guianese river systems. With 11 recognized species, it comprises the species of the former genus Cochliodon Heckel, 1853 and other recently described species. Closely related to Hypostomus, Cochliodon was based on a single apomorphy, its spoon shaped (called cochleariform) teeth. Later on, Eigenmann (1922) described Cheiridodus, differing from Cochliodon by the presence of a small outer cusp on the teeth, that was later recognized as a junior synonym by Dahl (1971). Based on morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA analysis, Cochliodon was placed in the synonymy of Hypostomus and treated as a monophyletic group within this genus (Montoya-Burgos et al., 2002; Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002). Armbruster (2003) revised the cochliodon group, extending the distribution areas and variations of morphological characters of most species, which have been poorly described in several cases, also identifying their different Manuscript accepted 08.10.2004 954 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER populations among different basins. From the Amazon, Aroa, Atrato, Essequibo, La Plata, Magdalena, Orinoco, Sinu, Tocuyo, Tuy and Yaracuy river drainages, and Lake Maracaibo drainage, the Hypostomus cochliodon group can be distinguished from most other loricariids by the combination of highly angled jaws and usually less than 20 teeth per jaw ramus (Armbruster, 2003). Cochleariform teeth, with or without apparent outer cusp, distinguishes this group of species from remaining Hypostomus. In this paper, five new amazonian Hypostomus species of the cochliodon group are described and data for a population of A. hemicochliodon Armbruster, 2003 are given, expanding the known distribution area for this species. Comments on the redescription of H. cochliodon Kner, 1854 in Armbruster (2003) are made based on the Kner’s original description and on the similarities between Hypostomus soniae sp. n. and H. cochliodon sensu Armbruster, 2003 (part) from Paraguay river basin, called here Hypostomus aff. soniae. A key is given for the fishes of the group recorded from the Amazon River System. MATERIAL AND METHODS Measurements were made with a digital calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm; counts and measurements follow Boeseman (1968); description of buccal papilla size and count of odontodes on opercle follow Armbruster (2003). Vertebrae were counted on X-ray images of holotypes, except for Hypostomus hemicochliodon which was based on specimen MZUSP 34626. Drawings were made using a profile projector Nikon V12 and Nikon SMZ-10 stereomicroscope with camera lucida; teeth drawings were made from replacement teeth of upper right jaw. Colour description was based on preserved specimens; for A. ericae a brief note of colour in living specimens is based on pictures of a specimen taken in the field. Material not explicitly mentioned is listed in the Appendix. Institutional abbreviations follow Eschmeyer (1998); other abbreviations are: col. (collectors), ex. (exemplar[s]), MG (Michael Goulding), n (number of specimens examined), PSM (Projeto Serra da Mesa), SD (standard deviation), SL (standard length). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE HYPOSTOMUS COCHLIODON GROUP FROM THE AMAZON BASIN 1 Absence of adipose fin ....... H. levis (Pearson, 1924). Upper Madeira River Presence of adiposefine "AES ls ET eS EE EEE 2 2 Otol 0'odontodes’on-opercle’ 2. 52.2. IN ERP A 3 - More than ‘10/odontodes on operele.. 2) .... 222.22 an ee e 8 3 Body covered by’ close-set spots (Figs 2,910)". . 2.222 ae ee 4 - Body covered by widely spaced spots (Figs’3, 7)... 5222 Cene 6 + presence ofbuccal papillary sear. ee Sire H. waiampi sp. n. Cupixi River - Absence of buccal papilla (see Armbruster, 2003:14) .................. 3 5 0 to 10 odontodes on opercle; well developed keels on body Re RE H. oculeus (Fowler, 1943). Upper Amazonas River FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 955 - 0 to 3 odontodes on opercle; keels on body absent or poorly developed RE e H. pyrineusi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920). Upper Amazonas River 6 Absence of buccal papilla. A. ericius Armbruster, 2003. Upper Amazonas River - Bresencerolibucealipapillae .r. Sauer se a, TI 7 Adipose-fin spine strongly curved on adult specimens (Fig. 3B); caudal peduncle deeper (2.3 to 3.0 in caudal peduncle length); 31 vertebrae o SESSI, LO era SE a A H. ericae sp. n. Upper Tocantins River - Adipose-fin spine not strongly curved (Fig. 3C); caudal peduncle shallower (1.8 to 2.3 in caudal peduncle length); 33 vertebrae DR enr i CRE MEO TR RR H. paucipunctatus sp. n. Itacaiünas River 8 Body without spots, sometimes with longitudinal stripes (fig. 8); 25 to 27 scutes on lateral line; adipose-fin spine long (11.5 to 15.0 in SL) and Eurvedims- SP) H. soniae sp. n. Tapajös River - Body covered with spots; 28 to 30 scutes on lateral line; adipose-fin spine notsomlongd2:s:tom9 25m SE) andieurved. Dr mer eases NET. 9 9 Small interorbital width (2.2 to 2.6 in head length) EEE LEARN H. sculpodon Armbruster, 2003. Upper Negro and Orinoco Rivers - care ennterorbital wadthi@-sito2:3 in headileneth) 44 5). nr ern. 10 10 Large eye orbits, higher than frontals (fig. 9); tip of occipital bone high- crithan-firstipredorsaliplate tt... oe cle H. simios sp. n. Cupixi River - Eye orbits at the same level of frontal head profile; tip of occipital bone as high as first predorsal plate (Fig. 10) . H. hemicochliodon Armbruster, ZOOS. en Ps Amazonas, Negro, Tapajös, Xingu and upper Orinoco Rivers DESCRIPTIONS Hypostomus waiampi sp. n. Figs 2,3 & 4; Tables 1 & 4 Holotype: MZUSP 82269, 169.3 mm SL. Brazil: Amapä: bridge on the road to Serra do Navio, Cupixi river (station nb. MIG 84010006); January 1984; col. Michael Goulding. Paratypes: MZUSP 82270, 8 ex., 139.9 — 193.9 mm SL; MHNG 2652.016, 1 ex., 172.5 mm SL. Same data as holotype. Derivatio nominis. Waiampi is an amerindian ethnic group from northeastern Brazil, presently established in an Indian Reserve with the same name, western Cupixi River Basin. Noun in apposition. DIAGNOSIS Hypostomus waiampi is distinguished from A. soniae, H. sculpodon, H. simios and H. hemicochliodon by the number of odontodes in the opercle (0 to 10 versus more than 10); it is distinguished from H. ericius, H. ericae and H. paucipunctatus by its colour pattern, with close-set spots covering its body (versus widely spaced spots; Figs 2,5 & 7); from H. oculeus and H. pyrineusi by the presence of a buccal papilla (versus absence); from H. levis by the presence of an adipose fin (versus absence). Its low number of teeth (6 to 8) also distinguishes him from A. levis, H. soniae, H. simios and H. sculpodon (more than 10 teeth). 956 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER SE ER AN FIA A ZE FIG. 1 Localities of examined specimens. Type localities are: circle: Hypostomus waiampi sp. n. and H. simios sp. n. (syntopic); star: A. ericae sp. n.; diamond: A. paucipunctatus Sp. n.; square: H. soniae sp. n. Localities of populations of other fishes examined: triangle: H. hemicochliodon Armbruster, 2003; asterisk: H. cochliodon Kner, 1854 and A. aff. soniae. D À MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 139.9 to 193.9 mm; morphometric and meristic respectively in Tables 1 & 4. Head dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril. Profile slightly convex, with very light depression between eyes. Dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated, weakly continuing in inconspicuous ridge on postemporal and following plates. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital. Opercle supporting less than 10 odontodes. Outer face of upper lip covered with small odontodes, concentrated on middle and distal areas in smaller specimens. Barbells short. Few (6 to 8) large spoon-shaped teeth. FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 957 FIG. 2 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus waiampi sp. n., MZUSP 82269, holotype (169.3 mm SL). Body relatively deep and wide, covered with five rows of plates on each side; strong ridges, relatively smoother in younger specimens. Dorsal profile almost straight descending from dorsal-fin spine up to first plate after adipose fin. Caudal peduncle roughly ovoid in cross section, sometimes laterally compressed. Dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin and preadipose azyguous plate flattened dorsally, those closer to dor- sal fin usually not meeting at midline, leaving naked central area. Ventral surface of head and abdomen completely covered by small platelets, except areas around uro- genital opening, lower lip and fin insertions. Pectoral fin spines covered with odontodes, progressively larger as approaching distal tip, hooked and more developed in larger specimens. Adipose-fin spine long and 958 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER straight, with slightly convex dorsal profile (Fig. 3A). Caudal fin concave to strongly concave. Medium sized outer rays; lower lobe longer than upper one. Dorsal fin usually reaching third preadipose plate when depressed. COLOUR PATTERN (in alcohol) Ground colour light brownish, becoming cream in ventral area. Body covered by black close-set spots, smaller on anterior third, becoming larger and ill defined approaching caudal fin; in some specimens few larger and darker spots below dorsal and adipose fin. A lighter area forming a belt between eyes usually present. Darkened areas can be found under dorsal fin and, more faintly, on caudal peduncle. Ventral surface poorly spotted; pectoral and pelvic girdles, and area around the mouth clearly spotted. Dorsal fin poorly and sparsely dotted to not dotted. Caudal fin with vertical rows of ill defined spots, becoming coalescent as approaching distal border. Adipose fin usually unspotted. DISTRIBUTION Hypostomus waiampi is known only from its type locality, in the Cupixi River, State of Amapä, Brazil. It is syntopic with A. simios. Hypostomus ericae sp. n. Figs 3, 4,5 & 6; Tables 1 & 4 Hypostomus sp. 1: Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2003 Holotype: MNRJ 27861, 164.3 mm SL. Brazil: Goiäs: Tocantins River Basin: Rio Tocantins, Porto Alfredinho, 14° 02’ 22.1” S 48° 31° 28.6” W; October 1996; col.: D. A. Halboth, F. P. Matos & E. P. Caramaschi. Paratypes: All specimens from Brazil: Goiäs: Tocantins River Basin: MHNG 2650.025, 1 ex., 121.3 mm SL. Macaco river, left side tributary, 14° 21° 30”S 49° 5’ W; 7 October 1985; col.: G. W. Nunan & D. F. Moraes Jr. - MHNG 2650.026, 1 ex., 130.8 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Palmeiras stream mouth, left side next to Porto Alfredinho; 71h October 1996; col.: E. P. Caramaschi; D. F. Moraes Jr. & D. A. Halboth. (GenBank number for PSM 06-2053: AJ 318347). - MHNG 2650.027, 3 ex., 114.6 — 146.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls; 102 October 1996; col.: E. P. Caramaschi; D. F. Moraes Jr. & D. A. Halboth. - MHNG 2650.028, 1 ex., 170.1 mm SL. Almas river; 12 October 1996; col.: E. P. Caramaschi; D. F. Moraes Jr. & D. A. Halboth. - MNRJ 24251, 1 ex., 115.0 mm SL. Left side of UHE Serra da Mesa dam, Palmeirinha river affluent, Porto Serrinha station, 14° 02’ 58””S 48° 29° 57” W; 16th December 1995; col.: D. F Moraes Jr. & D. A. Halboth. - MNRJ 24252, 1 ex., 139.0 mm SL. Left side of UHE Serra da Mesa dam, Palmeirinha river affluent, Porto Serrinha station, 14° 02’ 58° S 48° 29° 57” W; 10th August 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & D. A. Halboth. - MNRJ 24253, 1 ex., 161.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls, 14° 14° 54°S 48° 55° 59” W; 315! January 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & F. P. Matos. - MNRJ 24254, 1 ex., 111.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls, 14° 14° 54”°S 48° 55° 59” W; 17% April 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & F. P. Matos. - MNRJ 24255, 1 ex., 139.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls, 14° 14° 54”S 48° 55° 59” W; 11th November 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & F. P. Matos. — MNRJ 24256, 1 ex., 138.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls, 14° 14 54”S 48° 55° 59” W; 11 December 1996; col.: D. FE. Moraes Jr. & F. P. Matos. - MNRJ 24257, 1 ex., 149.0 mm SL. Maranhäo river, next to Peixe river falls, 14° 14° 54” S 48° 55° 59” W; 11 February 1997; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & F. P. Matos. - MNRJ 24258, 3 ex., 120.0 — 133.0 mm SL. Passa Trés river, 14° 28° 39”S 49° 04° 33” W; 26 June 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. — MNRJ 24259, 1 ex., 154.0 mm SL. Right side of UHE Serra da Mesa dam, upstream of Castelo FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 959 FIG. 3 Adipose fin and spine of: A. Hypostomus waiampi sp. n., MZUSP 82270; B. H. ericae sp. n., MNRJ 27861 (holotype); C. H. paucipunctatus sp. n., MZUSP 82271 (holotype); D. A. soniae sp. n., MZUSP 82272 (holotype); E. H. simios sp. n., MZUSP 34236; F. H. hemicochliodon, Armbruster, 2003, MZUSP 34624. Grande river, upper Tocantins river, 14° 08’ 03”S 48° 44° 23” W; 12th November 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. - MNRJ 24260, 1 ex., 128.0 mm SL. Almas river, 14° 37’ 03” S 49° 03° 12” W; 9th December 1997; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr., D. A. Halboth & A. Suppa. - MNRJ 24261, 1 ex., 184.0 mm SL. Almas river, 14° 37’ 03”S 49° 03’ 12” W; 10th December 1997; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr., D. A. Halboth, A. Suppa & J. L. C. Novaes. - MNRJ 24262, 1 ex., 134.0 mm SL. Almas river, 14° 37° 03”S 49° 03’ 12” W; 10th February 1998; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr., D. A. Halboth & A. Suppa. — MNRJ 24263, 1 ex., 164.0 mm SL. Bagagem river, upstream of a “remanso” of UHE Serra da Mesa dam; 9th June 1997; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr., D. A. Halboth & A. Suppa. —- MNRJ 24264, 1 ex., 199.0 mm SL. Left side of UHE Serra da Mesa dam, affluent of Trairas river, upper Tocantins, 14° 12’ 14”S 48° 32° 11” W; 9th June 1997; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr., D. A. Halboth & A. Suppa. MNRJ 27862, 1 ex., 118.0 mm SL. Das Almas river, 14° 37° 51.2” S 49° 01° 56.6” W; April 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr. & J. K. Brondi. - MNRIJ 27863, 4 ex., 104.6 — 128.3 mm SL. Bagagem river, 14° 22’ 03.3” S 48° 12’ 08.1” W; October 1996; col.: D. F. Moraes Jr, J. K. Brondi & E. P. Caramaschi. ; Derivatio nominis. This species is dedicated to Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi, collector of this species, and professor and researcher at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), for her great contributions to the knowledge of ecology of fishes. 960 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER Pie. B i) C si FIG. 4 Posterior, lateral and anterior views of replacement teeth from upper right jaw: A. Hypostomus waiampi sp. n.; B. H. ericae sp. n.; C. H. paucipunctatus sp. n.; D. H. soniae sp. n.; E. H. simios sp. n.; F. H. hemicochliodon Armbruster, 2003. DIAGNOSIS Hypostomus ericae is distinguished from H. soniae, H. sculpodon, H. simios and H. hemicochliodon by the number of odontodes in the opercle (0 to 10 versus more than 10); from H. waiampi, H. oculeus and H. pyrineusi by its colour pattern, with widely spaced spots covering its body (versus close-set spots; Figs 2 & 5), from H. eri- cius, by the presence of a buccal papilla (versus absence), from H. paucipunctatus by a deeper caudal peduncle (2.3 to 3.0 in caudal peduncle length versus 1.8 to 2.3), darker body colour and less vertebrae (31 versus 33 on holotypes); from A. levis it is distinguished by the presence of an adipose fin (versus absence). Its low number of teeth (6 to 9) also distinguishes it from A. levis, H. soniae, H. simios and H. sculpodon (more than 10); its particular adipose fin spine, strongly curved in adult specimens (Fig. 3B) distinguishes it from all species of Hypostomus cochliodon group of Amazon Basin. MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 104.6 to 199.0 mm; meristic and mor- phometric data in Tables 1 & 4. Head dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for a small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril. Profile almost straight, with a light depression between eyes. Dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated, weakly continuing in an inconspicuous ridge on postemporal plate and following plates. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital plate, sometimes subdivided in two. Opercle supporting less than 10 odontodes. Outer face of upper lip covered with small odontodes, concentrated on middle and distal areas in smaller specimens. Barbells FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 961 FIG. 5 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus ericae, sp. n., MNRJ 27861, holotype (164.3 mm SL). short. Few (6 to 9) large spoon shaped teeth, with a small outer cuspid in younger specimens. Body relatively deep and wide, covered with five rows of plates on each side, slightly smoother in younger specimens. Dorsal profile almost straight descending from dorsal-fin spine usually up to second plate after adipose fin. Caudal peduncle roughly ovoid in cross section, sometimes laterally compressed. Dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin and adipose spine flattened in their dorsal portion, those closer to dorsal fin usually not meeting at midline, leaving naked central area. Ventral surface of head and abdomen completely covered by small platelets, except areas around uro- genital opening, lower lip and fin insertions, and in some specimens a small naked area in the middle of coracoidal band. 962 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER Pectoral fin spines covered with odontodes, progressively larger as approaching distal tip, hooked and more developed in larger specimens. Adipose fin spine long and strongly curved, tip more curved in larger specimens (Fig. 3B). Caudal fin concave to strongly concave. Medium sized outer rays; lower lobe longer than upper one. Dorsal fin usually reaching up to the first or second preadipose plate when depressed. COLOUR PATTERN In alcohol. Ground colour of dorsal surface light brown to dark brown. Dar- kened regions under dorsal fin, caudal peduncle, and dorsal and frontal areas of head. Ventral surface usually cream coloured, lighter in the head from mouth to gill openings. Body completely covered by few widely spaced spots, smaller on the anterior third, becoming fainter and sparse on body and fins. Lighter area forming a belt between the eyes usually present. Ventral surface covered by few spots; area from opercular openings to mouth usually not or poorly spotted. Fins with rows of larger, darker and ill defined spots, which become coalescent as approaching distal borders. The caudal fin is lighter as far as the proximal third of the upper ray and spotted in the border, sometimes as a “half-moon” shaped area extended from the upper to lower spine (fig. 6). Adipose fin spotted on tip and base of spine; in larger specimens one spot on dorsal surface usually present. Sometimes border of adipose membrane darkened. Living specimen. Ground colour lighter, with spots and stripes better defined and more contrasting. Darkened belt present from tip of snout to mid distance between nostrils, and also darkened areas on opercle and square area between eyes and dorsal spine. Fading dark vertical bars under dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. Belly with strong creamy colouration. Lips and ventral area between opercular openings and mouth with yellowish colouration. DISTRIBUTION Upper Tocantins River drainage, State of Goiäs, Brazil, on the region of influence of the Serra da Mesa dam. Hypostomus paucipunctatus sp. n. Figs 3, 4 & 7; Tables 2 & 4 Hypostomus sp. 2: Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2003 Holotype: MZUSP 82271, 177.1 mm SL. Brazil: Paré: municipality of Caldeiräo, Itacaiünas River, Igarapé Pojuca, Serra dos Carajäs (5°52’S; 50°32’ W: coordinates of Itacaiünas River, near Castanhal, field nb. MIG 83101503); 15 October 1983; col. Michael Goulding. Paratypes: MHNG 2652.017, 2 ex., 137.8 — 157.9 mm SL; MZUSP 34260, 1 ex., 134.1 mm SL. Same data as holotype. - MZUSP 34259, 11 ex., 147.5 — 188.0 mm SL. Brazil: Para: Itacaiünas River, Serra dos Carajäs, Caldeirào (5°52’S; 50°32’W, field nb. MIG 83060007); June — July 1983; col. Michael Goulding. Other specimen examined: ZMA 120.160, 1 ex., 165.3 mm SL. Same data as holotype. Derivatio nominis. From the Latin paucus, few and punctatus, dotted, in allusion to the colour pattern. FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 963 Fic. 6 Caudal fin of Hypostomus ericae sp. n., showing the range of its pattern from less pigmented (left) to more pigmented (right); A. MNRJ 27861, holotype (164.3 mm SL); B. MNRJ 15248 (146.0 mm SL). DIAGNOSIS Hypostomus paucipunctatus is distinguished from H. soniae, H. sculpodon, H. simios and H. hemicochliodon by the number of odontodes in the opercle (less than 10 versus more than 10); from H. waiampi, H. oculeus and H. pyrineusi by its colour pattern, with widely spaced spots covering the body (versus close-set spots; Figs 2 & 7); from H. ericius, by the presence of a buccal papilla (versus absence); from H. ericae by a lower caudal peduncle (1.8 to 2.3 in caudal peduncle length versus 2.3 to 3.0), lighter body colour and more vertebrae (33 versus 31); from H. levis by the presence of adipose fin (versus absence). Its low number of teeth (6 to 10) also distin- guishes it from A. levis, H. soniae, H. simios and H. sculpodon (more than 10). MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 134.1 to 188.0 mm; meristic and mor- phometric data in Tables 2 & 4. Head dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril. Profile slightly convex, but lightly depressed in area between the eyes. Dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated, weakly continuing in inconspicuous ridge on postemporal plate and following plates. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital. Opercle supporting less than 10 odontodes. Outer face of upper lip covered by small odontodes. Barbells short. Few (6 to 10) large spoon-shaped teeth. Body relatively deep, covered with five rows of plates on each side, relatively smoother in younger specimens. Dorsal profile almost straight descending from dorsal- fin spine usually up to second plate after adipose fin. Caudal peduncle ovoid in cross section, laterally compressed in smaller specimens. Dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin spine and adipose spine flattened in their dorsal portion; those closer to dorsal fin usually not meeting at midline, leaving naked central area. Abdomen and ventral 964 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER FIG. 7 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus paucipunctatus sp. n., MZUSP 82271, holotype (177.1 mm SL). surface of head completely covered by small platelets, except the areas around uro- genital opening, lower lip and fin insertions. Pectoral fin spines covered with odontodes, progressively larger as approaching distal extremity and more developed and hooked in larger specimens. Adipose fin spine long and slightly curved (Fig. 3C). Caudal fin concave to strongly concave. Medium sized outer rays; lower lobe longer than upper one. Dorsal fin usually reaching second plate before adipose fin spine when depressed. CoLour PATTERN (in alcohol) Ground colour of dorsal surface light brown, with olivaceous greenish areas in some specimens, becoming lighter in the posterior half. Darkened regions under dorsal fin, and top and frontal areas of the head. Ventral surface colour and caudal peduncle, sometimes lighter; region from opercular openings to mouth usually lighter than belly. FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 965 Body completely covered by few widely spaced black dots, smaller in the anterior third, becoming sparse as approaches caudal fin. Darkened areas can be found under dorsal fin and, more faintly, on caudal peduncle and head. A lighter area forming a belt between eyes is usually present. Ventral surface covered by ill defined dots; area from opercular openings to mouth usually not or poorly dotted. Fins usually ostensibly dotted, except anal fin. Dorsal fin dots coverage ranging from all surface, sometimes with inconspicuous horizontal rows, to very few dots only on the rays. On caudal fin, ranging from well defined blotches, progressively more concentrated at distal region. Adipose fin usually with one spot at its membrane and one or two spots on the spine, but generally not on spine extremity. DISTRIBUTION Found in the Rio Itacaitinas drainage, Serra dos Carajäs, State of Para, Brazil. Hypostomus soniae sp. n. Figs 3, 4 & 8; Tables 2 & 4 Holotype: MZUSP 82272, 140.2 mm SL. Brazil: Parä: temporary pools on the riversides of the Rio Tapajés, between Vila Nova and Urua (station nb. 10); 26 — 28 September 1992; col. R. Stawikowski, S. Muller, P. Ludwig, C. Schaefer & B. Kilian. Paratypes: MZUSP 82273, 3 ex., 48.6 — 112.5 mm SL. Same data as holotypes. — INPA 21972, 3 ex., 47.7 — 104.3 mm SL. Same data as holotype - MHNG 2547.012, 13 ex., 35.6 — 145.8 mm SL. Same data as holotype. - MNRJ 27864, 1 ex., 98.5 mm SL. Same data as holo- type. Derivatio nominis. This species is dedicated to Sonia Fisch-Muller, curator at the Museum of Geneva, specialist in loricariid systematics and one of the collectors of the type series. DIAGNOSIS Hypostomus soniae is distinguished from all other species of Hypostomus cochliodon group from the Amazon Basin by its particular colour pattern without spots, sometimes with darker longitudinal stripes (versus spotted pattern, without stripes), its particular long and slightly curved adipose fin spine (Fig. 3D), a pair of ridges between nostrils (see description), and its low number of plates in lateral line (25 to 27 versus 27 to 31). It is also distinguished from A. waiampi, H. oculeus, H. pyrineusi, H. eri- cius, H. ericae and H. paucipunctatus by the number of odontodes in the opercle (more than 10 versus less than 10); it is distinguished from A. levis by the presence of an adipose fin (versus absence). It is further distinguished from A. aff. soniae (Hypostomus sp. 1 in Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002), found in Paraguay River Basin by the absence of plates in the skin around dorsal fin (versus presence), colour pattern never spotted (versus some- times spotted), a lower range of number of plates in lateral line (25 to 27 versus 26 to 30), and never less than 12 teeth (versus 6 — 27 teeth). MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 76.4 to 145.8 mm; meristic and morphometric data in Tables 2 & 4. Head relatively rough, with overall shape lines very well marked, almost “geo- metric”, dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril. Profile straight to slightly convex; tip of occipital plate higher than first predorsal plate. Dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated, weakly 966 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER # As eu er. wa è À SANS LE FIG. 8 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus soniae, sp. n., MZUSP 82272, holotype (140.2 mm SL). continuing in inconspicuous ridge on postemporal plate and following plates. A pair of small parallel ridges between the nostrils, shorter than orbital diameter. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital. Opercle supporting more than 10 odon- FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 967 todes. Outer face of upper lip covered with small odontodes, concentrated on middle and distal areas in smaller specimens. Barbells short. Numerous teeth (11 t017) with a small outer cuspid. Body relatively short and rough, covered with five rows of plates on each side, relatively smoother in younger specimens. Dorsal profile almost straight descending from dorsal-fin spine usually up to membrane of adipose fin. Caudal peduncle high and roughly ovoid in cross section, sometimes slightly laterally compressed. Predorsal and dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin and preadipose azyguous plate flattened in their dorsal portion, those closer to the last dorsal fin rays usually not meeting at midline, leaving naked central area. Abdomen and ventral surface of head completely covered by small platelets, except areas around the urogenital opening, lower lip and fin inser- tions, and a small naked area in the middle of pectoral girdlle; large naked areas around pelvic insertions in smaller specimens due to ontogeny. Pectoral fin spines covered with odontodes, progressively larger as approaching distal extremity. Adipose-fin spine long and slightly curved (Fig. 3D). Caudal fin con- cave to strongly concave. Medium sized outer rays; lower lobe longer than upper one. Dorsal fin when laid down usually reaching the preadipose plate. COLOUR PATTERN (in alcohol) Ground colour greenish-brown to dark brown, becoming lighter in the posterior half. Ventral surface cream to greenish-cream coloured. Dots or spots completely absent in body surface and fins. Few specimens with a faint longitudinal dark stripe along lateral line. DISTRIBUTION Hypostomus soniae is only known from its type locality, in the Tapajös River, State of Para, Brazil. Hypostomus simios sp. n. Figs 3,4 & 9; Tables 3 & 4 Holotype MZUSP 82268, 157.9 mm SL. Brazil: Amapä: bridge on the road to Serra do Navio, Cupixi river (station nb. MIG 84010006); January 1984; col. Michael Goulding. Paratypes MZUSP 34236, 3 ex., 107.3 — 155.2 mm SL; MHNG 2652.018, 1 ex., 113.5 mm SL. Same data as holotype. Derivatio nominis. From the Greek "simios", meaning snub nosed, in allusion to its profile. Invariable epithet. DIAGNOSIS Hypostomus simios is distinguished from H. waiampi, H. oculeus, H. pyrineusi, H. ericius, H. ericae and H. paucipunctatus by the number of odontodes in the opercle (more than 10 versus less than 10); from A. soniae by its colour pattern (spotted versus unspotted, sometimes with longitudinal stripes); from H. sculpodon by the pattern of spots on body (widely spaced versus close-set spots) and larger interorbital width (2.0 to 2.2 in head length versus 2.2 to 2.6); from H. hemicochliodon by its upper margin of orbits elevated, higher than frontal head profile (versus eye orbits at the same level of frontal head profile) and occipital bone, whose tip is higher than first predorsal plate (versus tip at the same level); from A. levis by the presence of adipose fin (versus absence). 968 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER Fic. 9 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus simios sp. n., MZUSP 82268, holotype (177.1 mm SL). MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 108.8 to 157.9 mm; meristic and morphometric data in Tables 3 & 4. FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 969 Head dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril. Profile almost straight, with light depression between eyes; tip of occipital higher than first predorsal plate. Orbits large with dorsal margin very elevated, weakly continuing in inconspicuous ridge on postemporal plate and following plates. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital. Opercle supporting more than 10 odontodes. Outer face of upper lip covered with small odontodes. Barbells short. Several small spoon-shaped teeth (12 to 15) with a small outer cuspid in younger specimens. Body relatively deep and wide, covered with five rows of plates on each side, relatively smoother in younger specimens. Ridges well developed on largest specimen (holotype). Dorsal profile almost straight descending from dorsal-fin spine usually up to the second plate after adipose fin. Caudal peduncle roughly ovoid in cross section, sometimes slightly laterally compressed. Dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin and preadipose azyguous plate flattened in their dorsal portion, those closer to dorsal fin usually not meeting in the midline, leaving naked central area. Abdomen and ventral surface of the head covered by small platelets, except the areas around urogenital opening, lower lip and fin insertions, and in some specimens a small naked area in the middle of the pectoral girdle. Pectoral-fin spines covered with odontodes, slightly larger as approaching distal tip, and more developed in larger specimens. Adipose fin spine slightly curved (Fig. 3E). Caudal fin concave to strongly concave. Medium sized outer rays; lower lobe longer than upper one. Dorsal fin when laid down usually reaching up to the first or second preadipose plate. COLOUR PATTERN (in alcohol) Ground colour reddish-brown becoming lighter in the posterior half. Ventral surface cream coloured; a transverse darkened belt between pelvic and pectoral waist on largest specimen (holotype). Dark areas can be found under the dorsal fin. Body covered by black close-set spots, smaller in the anterior third, becoming ill-defined, sometimes disappearing, as approaches caudal fin. Ventral surface spotted only on belly and area around the mouth, almost in a mosaic pattern. Dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins with spots arranged in longitudinal rows, increasing in size as approaching distal border. Caudal fin with ill defined spots on upper lobe; lower lobe darker. Anal fin with faint ill defined spots. Adipose fin and spine unspotted. DISTRIBUTION Hypostomus simios is only known from its type locality, in the Cupixi River, State of Amapä, Brazil. This species is syntopic with H. waiampi. Hypostomus hemicochliodon Armbruster, 2003 Figs 3, 4 & 10; Tables 3 & 4 MZUSP 34210, 8 ex., 148.3 — 229.6 mm SL; MHNG 2652.019, 2 ex., 173.7 — 174.6 mm SL. Brazil: Roraima: municipality of Mararä, Branco River (field nb. MIG 79102901); 29 October 1979; col. Michael Goulding. 970 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER Fic. 10 Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of Hypostomus hemicochliodon Armbruster, 2003, MZUSP 34626, (169.0 mm SL). MORPHOLOGY Standard length of examined specimens 148,3 mm to 229,6 mm; meristic and morphometric data in Tables 3 & 4. FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 971 Head dorsally covered with dermal ossifications, except for small amorphous naked area on snout tip, as large as nostril, on smaller specimens. Profile slightly con- vex, but lightly depressed between eyes. Dorsal margin of orbit slightly elevated, weakly continuing in inconspicuous ridge on postemporal plate and following plates. A single plate bordering posterior margin of supraoccipital. Body relatively deep, covered with five rows of plates on each side, relatively smoother in younger specimens. Opercle supporting more than 10 odontodes. Outer face of upper lip covered by small odontodes. Barbells short. Several smalls spoon-shaped teeth (13 to 18) with a small outer cusp in younger specimens. Dorsal profile almost straight descendant from dorsal fin spine usually up to the precaudal azyguous plates. Caudal peduncle ovoid in cross section, laterally compressed in smaller specimens. Predorsal and dorsal plates between end of dorsal fin and preadipose azyguous plate flattened in their dorsal portion, those closer to the last dorsal fin rays usually not meeting in the midline leaving naked central area. Abdomen and ventral surface of head completely covered by small platelets, except the areas around urogenital opening, lower lip and fin insertions. One specimen with two small amorphous naked areas on pectoral girdle. Pectoral-fin spines covered with odontodes, progressively larger as approaching distal extremity, hooked and more developed in larger specimens. Adipose-fin spine long and slightly curved (Fig. 3F). Caudal fin concave to strongly concave; medium sized outer rays. Dorsal fin when laid down usually reaching the second plate before adipose fin spine. A few platelets on the skin around the dorsal fin spine are often present in larger specimens. COLOUR PATTERN (in alcohol) Ground colour cream to brownish. Ventral surface coloured as caudal peduncle, sometimes lighter; region from opercular openings to mouth usually lighter than belly. Body completely covered by few black close-set spots, smaller in the anterior third, becoming fainter or disappearing as approaching caudal fin. Fins spotted. Lower lobe of caudal fin darker than upper one; dorsal fin can form vertical rows and/or mosaic. Adipose usually not spotted. DISTRIBUTION This population of Hypostomus hemicochliodon was collected at Branco River, in Roraima, Brazil. COMMENTS ON THE REDESCRIPTION OF HYPOSTOMUS COCHLIODON KNER, 1854 BY ARMBRUSTER (2003) Kner's (1854) original description of Hypostomus cochliodon is based on five syntypes! of 184.4 to 210.7 mm total length, collected by Natterer. For the description of the colour pattern, Kner (1854:266) quotes Natterer's field notes: The dominating colour is a rather light yellowish-greybrown; the head, specially at the parting [top of the head], with few, blackish, small round spots, not more than 3-4 along the whole ! Designation of a lectotype for H. cochliodon in Armbruster, 2003: 21, is no longer valid in accordance with the Article 74.7.3 of the ICZN (ICZN, 2003). 972 P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER trunk. The fins show at their bases the same colour as the body, while their respective tips are coloured a brownish-black. All fins are covered by a few black spots both on their skin [membrane] as well as on their rays. [translated from German]. In a revision of the species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group, Armbruster (2003) mentions that "Aypostomus cochliodon as presently delimited may represent more than one species" but he prefers to regard the material examined as a single species, by the fact that "opercular odontode number does not appear correlated with variations in other characteristics". Nevertheless, the redescription of Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854 has to fit with the original description as long as the identity of this species is not clearly established among the populations of the Paraguay river basin. Armbruster's description concerns a form or a species of Hypostomus that does not fit with characters given in Kner (1854). In Armbruster's description, the colour pattern characterizes a species "almost entirely brown" with two tan stripes along the body and occasionally with sparse small spots. Specimens entirely dark brown with no spots are also mentionned. Both colour patterns are in contradiction with Kner's original description. Aside from two syntypes (NMW 46277, alcohol preserved, and NMW 44101 stuffed and alcohol preserved), both showing unconspicuous remains of original colour patterns, Armbruster did not examine any "form" with rather light background and therefore no true Hypostomus cochliodon. The other characters given by Armbruster are not diagnostic enough, and seem to cover a too large range of value for a single species (e.g. number of teeth (6 to 27), odontodes on opercle (0 to 30) and most morphometric ratios). Considering the discrepancy between original description and diagnostic characters given in Armbruster's redescription, it is prematurate, at this time, to establish the identity of the Paraguayan populations. Such a confuse situation needs additional data before stating any definite conclusion. Collecting molecular data, based on specimens of different patterns, as well from Paraguayan streams as from those close to the type locality, seems to be the most appropriate strategy for further studies on Hypostomus cochliodon group of the Paraguay drainage. Within the Paraguayan specimens of the Hypostomus cochliodon group exa- mined by us, part of them fits with the dark brown tan stripped pattern of Hypostomus cochliodon as in Armbruster, 2003. Sharing the same colour pattern with Hypostomus soniae Sp. n., these are provisionally named Hypostomus aff. soniae. DISCUSSION The five new Hypostomus species described herein are considered to be part of Hypostomus cochliodon group (Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002; Montoya-Burgos et al., 2002; Armbruster, 2003) because of their highly angled jaws and the presence of few spoon-shaped teeth, with a small lateral cusp (see Armbruster, 2003) fused to the main one or, as in H. soniae, intermediately developed with a small lateral cusp. Considering the four phenetic subgroups of the Hypostomus cochliodon group defined by Armbruster (2003), H. ericae, H. waiampi and H. paucipunctatus are placed in the “odontodeless opercle group”, while A. simios and H. soniae fall within the “in- termediate group”, as it has an opercle supporting several odontodes and intermedia- tely developed teeth. H. soniae share the same colour pattern with H. aff. soniae. If FIVE NEW HYPOSTOMUS FROM AMAZON SYSTEM 973 they are really closely related, they may have arisen from an ancestral species after the isolation of the Paraguay and the Amazon River Basin during the late Tertiary, between 10 and 12 million of years ago (Lundberg et al., 1998; Montoya-Burgos, 2003). The similar overall body shape and dimensions of the species of the Hypo- stomus cochliodon group make the differentiation by morphometric data very difficult, as already stated by Armbruster (2003). Measurements on large series of fishes, including small specimens, results in a great amplitude of ratios of body proportions and large overlaping values among different species. As morphometry is frequently feeble to delimit these fishes, specific characters were detailed in the descriptions. The curved shape of the adipose fin, which becomes more evident in larger fishes, clearly distinguishes A. ericae from all the others species of the group. Also for this species, the colour pattern of fins appears to be unique. A. soniae is basically differentiated from A. aff. soniae by subtle morphological characteristics and colour pattern (see diagnosis). For A. simios, the large orbital diameter is the most easily recognized character. The five new species described here are known basically from their type localities and no further information on geographical distribution or morphological variation among different populations can be given. The population referred to A. hemicochliodon from Rio Branco (Brazil: Roraima: middle Amazon Basin) is slightly different from Armbruster’s description (2003) based on populations from middle and upper Amazon Basin (plus two specimens from the lower basin, from Juruena and Xingu Rivers, respectively). Differences are based on variable characters, as back- ground colour, which is lighter in the Rio Branco population; keels not very sharp or strong; and teeth almost always with lateral cusp fused to main one. Confirmation of its taxonomic status as separate species needs comparison of supplementary morpho- logical data, as well as genetic data. H. fonchii Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002 is not discussed in this work, as the species was excluded from Hypostomus cochliodon group by Armbruster (2003: 249). However, this group is paraphyletic according to molecular data (Montoya-Burgos et al., 2002). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Volker Mahnert (MHNG), Sonia Fisch-Muller (MHNG), Francisco Langeani Neto (UNESP), Roberto E. Reis (PUCRS), for reviewing the article; Andreas Schmitz (MHNG) for the English, ancient German and Greek lessons; Juan Ignacio Montoya-Burgos (MHNG), Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi (UFRJ), and Alexandre Fort (MHNG) for their comments and suggestions; Paulo Andreas Buckup (MNRJ), Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel (INPA), Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa (MZUSP), and José Lima Figueiredo (MZUSP) for the loan of specimens. We are also grateful to Arion T. Aranda and Renata Bartolette for the data on the fishes from MNRI and Serra da Mesa, Claude Ratton for the photographs, Florence Marteau for the images, and Corinne Charvet for the technical support. The type series of Hypostomus ericae was collected during the project “Estudos Bäsicos sobre a Ictiofauna da UHE Serra da Mesa, GO”, supported by Serra da Mesa Energia-FURNAS/BIORIO/UFRJ, (collecting license IBAMA, n° 03.198/96). P. HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. 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HOLLANDA CARVALHO & C. WEBER REFERENCES ARMBRUSTER, J. W. 2003. The species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zootaxa, Magnolia Press 249: 1-60. BOSEMAN, M. 1968. The genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803, and its Surinam representatives (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden 99: 1-89. DAHL, G. 1971. Los peces del norte de Colombia. INDERENA. Bogota, 391 pp. EIGENMANN, C. H. 1922. The fishes of western South America, part 1. The fresh-water fishes of Northwestern South America, including Colombia, Panama, and the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru, together with an appendix upon the fishes of the Rio Meta in Colombia. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg 9(1): 1-346. ESCHMEYER, W. N. (ed.). 1998. Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols, 2905 pp. HOLLANDA CARVALHO, P. & WEBER, C. 2003. Duas novas espécies de Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) da Bacia do Rio Tocantins, Brasil. (Poster). In: XV Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia - Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo-SP. INTERNATIONAL COMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE (I.C.Z.N.) 2003. Declaration 44. Amendment of Article 74.7.3. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60(4): 263. LUNDBERG, J. G., MARSHALL, L. G., GUERRERO, J., HORTON, B., MALABARBA, M. C. S. L. & WESSELINGH, F. 1998. The Stage for Neotropical Fish Diversification: A History of Tropical South American Rivers: (pp. 13-48). Jn: MALABARBA, L. R., REIS, R. E., VARI, R. P., Lucena, V. M. S. & LUCENA, C. A. S. (eds). Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, x + 603 pp. MONTOYA-BURGOS, J. I. 2003. Historical biogeography of the catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluri- formes: Loricariidae), with implications on the diversification of the Neotropical ichthyofauna. Molecular Ecology, Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2003)12: 1855-1867. MONTOYA-BURGOS, J. I., WEBER, C. & LE BAIL, P. Y. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships within Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) and related genera based on mitochondrial D- loop sequences. Revue suisse de Zoologie 109(2): 369-382. WEBER, C. 2003. Hypostominae. (pp. 351-372). In: KULLANDER, S. O., FERRARIS, C. J., & REIS, R. E. (eds). Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America (CLOFF- SCA). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, xi + 742 pp. WEBER, C. & MONTOYA-BURGOS, J. I. 2002. Hypostomus fonchii sp. n. (Siluriformes: Lori- cariidae) from Peru, a key species suggesting the synonymy of Cochliodon with Hypo- stomus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 109(2): 355-368. APPENDIX (other specimens examined): BRAZIL. Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1853: Syntypes: NMW 46277 and 44101, 2 ex., 149.0 - 170.7 mm SL. Mato Grosso: Rio Cujaba; Hypostomus pyrineusi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920): Holotype: MNRJ 863, 200.0 mm SL. Amazonas: Rio Jamari. COLOMBIA: Hypostomus oculeus (Fowler, 1943): NRM 27052, 104.3 mm SL. Caqueta: Quebrada Montanita. ECUADOR: Hypostomus sculpodon Armbruster, 2003: MEPN-RBS-88-E-4, 3 ex., 74.1 — 95.1 mm SL. Napo: rio Napo Basin: Estero Cantadoro, Rio Tiputini, 20 min. upstream of mouth of Rio Tivacuno. PARAGUAY: Concepcién: Hypostomus aff. soniae: MHNG 2527.038, 1 ex., 162.0 mm SL. Riacho La Paz, 6 km north of Estancia Primavera; MHNG 2644.068, 5 ex., 115.7 — 121.6 mm SL. Estancia Primavera, riacho La Paz; MHNG 2644.069, 2 ex., 142.5 — 144.6 mm SL. Ford of Tagatiya-guazu; MHNG 2644.070, 1 ex., 142.0 mm SL. Estancia Primavera, Arroyo Alegre; MHNG 2644.071, 1 ex., 147.4 mm SL. Rio Alegre, 5 km east from Estancia Primavera; MHNG 2644.072, 1 ex., 130.0 mm SL. Arroyo Alegre, southeast of Estancia Primavera. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 111 (4): 979-984; décembre 2004 Pseudosinella maros sp. n., a troglobitic Entomobryidae (Collembola) from Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia Louis DEHARVENG! & Yayuk R. SUHARDJONO? 1 FRE 2695 du CNRS “Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité”, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris (France). E-mail: deharven @mnhn.fr 2 Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Widyasatwaloka Building, RC-Biology, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong (Indonesia). E-mail: yayukrs@indo.net.id Pseudosinella maros sp. n., a troglobitic Entomobryidae (Collembola) from Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. - The new species Pseudosinella maros sp. n. is described from caves of south Sulawesi. It exhibits clear troglo- morphic features (absence of eyes and pigment, relatively large body size, elongate claw and antennae), and is restricted to oligotrophic habitats in the caves of the Maros karst, where it is abundant. It is the first true sub- terranean species of the genus recorded from Indonesia. Keywords: New species - Collembola - Entomobryidae - Sulawesi - sub- terranean fauna. INTRODUCTION The Maros karst in Sulawesi Selatan province (Indonesia) is the richest hot-spot of subterranean biodiversity in the tropics (Deharveng & Bedos, 2000). Yet, most of its terrestrial fauna remains undescribed. Collembola are, comparatively to other Arthropods, not very diversified in the caves of Maros, but at least three species (one Pararrhopalites, one Pseudosinella and one Coecoloba) seem to represent true troglo- bites. The most highly evolved in terms of troglomorphy is the new species Pseudosinella maros described here, which is widespread in oligotrophic habitats of all caves of the area. This species is the first troglobitic Collembola described from Indonesia. The genus Pseudosinella is highly diversified in temperate caves, but is much less frequent and poorly known in tropical caves, where Coecobrya (mostly on guano) and Paronellidae (mostly in oligotrophic habitats) tend to replace it. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT Material deposit: MHNG, Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève; MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris; MZB, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense. Manuscript accepted 05.05.2004 980 L. DEHARVENG & Y. R. SUHARDJONO Descriptions: Abd., abdominal segment; Ant., antennal segment; Th., thoracic segment; Tita, tibiotarsus. SYSTEMATICS Pseudosinella maros sp. n. STUDIED MATERIAL For the description and localisation of caves, see Deharveng & Bedos (1986) and Brouquisse (2002). Holotype male. Indonesia: Sulawesi Selatan: Maros karst: Patunuang: Gua NI, 9/07/1986, P. Leclerc leg. (sample # INDO-194). Mounted on slide in Marc-André II and deposited in MZB. Paratypes. Indonesia: Sulawesi Selatan: Maros karst: Patunuang: Gua NI, 9/07/1986, 7 ex., P. Leclerc leg. (sample # INDO-194) (2 specimens in MZB, 3 speci- mens in MNHN, 2 specimens in MHNG); Patunuang: Leang Bone Patunuang, 04/2002, 18 specimens, Rahmadi & Suhardjono leg. (12 specimens in MZB, 3 speci- mens in MNHN, 3 specimens in MHNG). Other material. The species seems to be widespread in the Maros karst. However, it exhibits variability in claw elongation and antennal S-chaetotaxy, and it cannot be ruled out that specimens collected in underground systems north and south of the type localities may belong to closely related but different forms. We therefore did not consider the cave populations listed below as paratypes. Indonesia: Sulawesi Selatan: Maros karst: Bantimurung: Gua Baharuddin, 7/07/1986, 1 ex., P. Leclerc leg. (sample # INDO-187); Bantimurung: Gua Banti- murung, 8/07/1986, 9 ex., P. Leclerc leg. (sample # INDO-189); Bantimurung: Gua Mimpi, 1/07/1988, 1 ex., Deharveng leg. (sample # SULA-011); ibid, 04/2002, 2 ex., Rahmadi & Suhardjono leg.; Kappang: Gua K9, 11/07/1986, 1 ex., P. Leclerc leg. (sample # INDO-198); Samanggi: Gua Saripa, 04/2002, 113 ex., Rahmadi & Suhardjono leg.; Samanggi: Saripa spring cave, 24/08/2002, 3 ex., Bedos & Deharveng leg. (sample # SULS-344); Balangajea: Gua S1, 04/2002, 5 ex., Rahmadi & Suhardjono leg. DISTRIBUTION The species is restricted to caves of the southern part of the Maros karst. DESCRIPTION Body length 0.7 to 1.1 mm. White, blind. Antennae rather long, 1,65-2,05 times cephalic diagonal (Fig. 1). Antennae. No scales. Ordinary chaetae densely and finely ciliated (Fig. 6). A few microchaetae at the basis of Ant. I (3 externo-basal, arranged in a triangle), Ant. II (one dorsal, one internal, one external), none seen on Ant. III and IV. S-chaetae smooth, of seven types: (1) medium-size, distinctly swollen with larger width at 1/4 to 1/2 of their length (Fig. 6); (2) long, thin, subcylindrical (Fig. 6); (3) short, thin, subeylin- drical (Fig. 6); (4) swollen, oval (internal S-chaetae of Ant. III organ, Fig. 3); (5) sub- cylindrical, wider than type 1, rather long, tapered at the apex (sensorial field of Ant. PSEUDOSINELLA FROM SULAWESI 981 ie ER Fics 1-6 Pseudosinella maros sp. n. 1, habitus in lateral view; 2, first antennal segment in ventral view (1, 2, 3: S-chaetae of types 1, 2, 3; other figured chaetae: ventral field of type 5 S-chaetae; circles: sockets of ordinary chaetae); 3, distal organite of Ant. III; 4, labial basis chaetotaxy; 5, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 6, some types of antennal chaetae (from left to right: type 1, 2, 3, 6, and ordinary ciliated chaeta). 982 L. DEHARVENG & Y. R. SUHARDJONO I, Fig. 2); (6) very thin, acuminate, straight, long (Fig. 6); (7) very thin, acuminate, straight, short. Types 1 to 3 more hyaline than ordinary chaetae, type 4 very hyaline, often difficult to distinguish, types 5 and 6 less hyaline and possibly not S-chaetae. Ant. I with S-chaetae of type 1 (2-3), type 2 (at least two ventro-distal), type 3 (at least three ventral) and type 5 (grouped in a conspicuous ventral sensorial field of 10-20 chaetae, in male and female, Fig. 2). Ant. II S-chaetae of type 1 (a few), and of type 2 (about 18-25 mostly ventral). Ant. III with S-chaetae of types 1, 2, 4 and 7 in the area of the organite (Fig. 3); one dorsal S-chaetae of type 1 and a few more of type (2) on other areas of Ant. III. Ant. IV with numerous S-chaetae of type 2, mainly ventro-external, some of types | and 3 mainly ventrally, and numerous dorso-external type 6 S-chaetae. No apical bulb. Subapical organite small, present. Buccal region. Labium basis: MrELIL2, with r extremely reduced (Fig. 4). Four ciliated prelabral chaetae. Dorsal chaetotaxy. Dorsal macrochaetae R000/00/0201+1. The macrochaetae of abd. IV are P (near the anterior trichobothria) and M2 (postero-laterally to the pseudo- pore). Pattern of ordinary thin-smooth chaetae on head illustrated in Fig. 5. Abd. II chaetotaxic formula: -ABqlq2 (Fig. 9). Abd. IV: 5 triangular chaetae around anterior trichobothria of Abd. IV (S present) (Fig. 11). Ordinary chaetae similar to those of the antennae, finely ciliated. Typical S-chaetae very reduced in number, refringent (appear black contrary to ordinary chaetae), only seen laterally on Th. II (one long, Fig. 8) and Abd. I (one short). Legs. Claw long and thin (Fig. 10); without tooth on internal crest, but with a small basal hump or sometimes a small tooth at 1/5-1/6 of its length; an uneven later- al tooth in the form of a very long, narrow, acuminate wing inserted basally, with a minute external tooth at 60% from its crest basis. Empodial appendage 2/3 of claw III, moderately swollen, its internal crest smooth, its external crest with a strong tooth at the 1/3 from the apex. One distal tibiotarsal tenent hair, smooth and acuminate, hardly longer than closest chaetae. One subapical ventral chaeta smooth, thin and pointed. Other tibiotarsal chaetae thick and weakly ciliated. Ventro-basal tenent-hair of Tita hardly differentiated from other ordinary chaetae. Ventral tube with 5+5 latero-distal smooth chaetae; 3+3 posterior long, thin, smooth or weakly ciliated; and 5-7+5-7 anterior, ciliated, long and thick. Furca. Tenaculum with 4+4 teeth and a strong chaeta. Manubrium dorsally with two strips of thick, ciliated ordinary chaetae, and 4+4 (possibly 5+5?) long, thin, smooth and pointed chaetae spaced on two longitudinal lines; 6+6 dorso-distal thick ciliated chaetae surrounding 2+2 pseudopora; ventrally, 2+2 thick ciliated ventro-dis- tal chaetae. Dens relatively short and stout, slightly shorter than manubrium, ventrally with scales, dorso-laterally with 3 or 4 ranks of thick ciliated chaetae, and with one long, thin, smooth and pointed chaeta dorso-basally. No basal tubercle. Mucro strong with a strong basal spine which reaches the basis of the proximal tooth of mucro or slightly more (Fig. 7). ETYMOLOGY The name refers to the region (the karst of Maros near the town of Maros) of the type locality, as a noun in apposition. PSEUDOSINELLA FROM SULAWESI 983 | co) 2 ATTI: ===) = DI i tit 5) Fics 7-11 Pseudosinella maros sp. n. 7, distal part of dens and mucro; 8, latero-distal chaetae of Th. II tergite (ordinary ciliated chaetae; a long, refringent S-chaeta; a shorter hyaline microchaeta); 9, Abd. II tergite chaetotaxy; 10, praetarsus and distal part of tibiotarsus of leg III (the internal part of the empodial appendage is often less swollen than on the drawing); 11, trichobothrial areas of Abd. IV. DISCUSSION Relationships. The new species has a unique combination of characters. The most outstanding feature is the conspicuous ventral sensorial field of Ant. I. Although grouping of S-chaetae ventrally on Ant. I is a trend observed in several species of Pseudosinella (see for instance P. bessoni in Deharveng, 1988), it is much less conspicuous and chaetae are less modified in the species described so far. Pseudosinella maros is the first troglomorphic species described from the Sunda islands, and the second from Southeast Asia, after P. chiangdaoensis Deharveng, 1990 from Tham Chiang Dao in Thailand. This last species is not closely related to P. maros (labium with 2 chaetae M, dorsal macrochaetae as R000/22/0201+2). The presence of only one M chaeta on labium basis is observed in very few species of the genus, among which P. fujiokai Yosii, 1964 is probably the most wide- spread. It differs from P. maros by its non-elongate claw, non-truncated empodial 984 L. DEHARVENG & Y. R. SUHARDJONO appendage, and a more abundant macrochaetotaxy (0,0/0,3,0,1+3 according to Yoshii (1982), but the specimens of Hawaii described by Christiansen & Bellinger (1992) have usually only 1+1 on Abd. IV, like P. maros). P. maros is also close to undescribed soil species of southern Sulawesi by most characters supposed to be not linked to subterranean life (reduced macrochaetotaxy, structure of the claw complex), while “adaptive” characters are clearly different (larger body size, thinner claw and longer appendages, see Deharveng, 1987). Ecology. The new Pseudosinella is abundant in all caves of the Maros karst, where it lives in oligotrophic habitats. In Saripa cave, it was caught for instance in large number in baited traps placed on clay banks near the terminal lake, where no figured organic matter is present, but which are flooded each year. The gut of the new species was filled with mineral debris without recognizable mycelium or spores, as is often the case for cave species. P. maros is the main prey of small hunting spiders that are abundant in Saripa cave. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the ARCBC/EU project “The effect of human im- pact on cave and karst biodiversity: Indonesia component” (contract RC-28-2001). Insightful comments were made on a previous version of the manuscript by an anony- mous referee. REFERENCES BROUQUISSE, F. 2002. 4. Résultats spéléologiques (pp. 21-34). /n: A.P.S. Toulouse (ed.). Expé- dition Maros 99, rapport spéléologique, 39 pp. CHRISTIANSEN, K. A. & BELLINGER, P. F. 1992. Collembola. Insects of Hawaii 15: 1-445. DEHARVENG, L. 1987. Collemboles cavernicoles et édaphiques de Sulawesi et des Moluques (Chapter 13, pp. 133-142). In: A.P.S. Toulouse (ed.). Expédition Thai-Maros 86, rapport spéléologique et scientifique, 174 pp. DEHARVENG, L. 1988. Collemboles cavernicoles VII. Pseudosinella bessoni n. sp. et note sur l’evolution morphologique de la griffe chez les Pseudosinella. Revue suisse de Zoologie 95(1): 203-208. DEHARVENG, L. 1990. Fauna of Thai caves. II. New Entomobryoidea Collembola from Chiang Dao Cave, Thailand. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 30: 279-287. DEHARVENG, L. & BEDOS, A. 1986. Les cavités des environs de Bantimurung (Chapter 10, pp. 81-95). In: A.P.S. Toulouse (ed.). Expedition Thai-Maros 85, rapport spéléologique et scientifique, 215 pp. DEHARVENG, L. & BEDOS, A. 2000. The cave fauna of southeast Asia. Origin, evolution and ecology (pp. 603-632). In: WILKENS, H., CULVER, D.C. & HUMPHREYS, W.F. (eds). Ecosystems of the world, vol. 30. Subterranean ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, XIV + 791 pp. Yost, R. 1964. Some Collembola of the Tonga islands. Kontyu, Tokyo, 32: 9-17. YosHn, R. 1982. Lepidocyrtid Collembola of Sabah. Entomological Report from the Sabah Forest Research Centre 5: 1-47. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Tome 111 — Fascicule 4 SCHATTI, Beat & INEICH, Ivan. A new racer of the genus Platyceps Blyth from Djibouti (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae) ................. SCHATTI, Beat & MCCARTHY, Colin. Saharo-Arabian racers of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex — description of a new species (Reptilia: Squamatasi@olubrinae) ey see... LIEN. RAI i BOTOSANEANU, L. & GIUDICELLI, J. Discovery in the Alps of Provence (France) of a new taxon in the entirely parthenogenetic superspecies Apatania muliebris (Trichoptera: Apataniidae).................. MIRANDE, Juan Marcos, AGUILERA, Gastön & AZPELICUETA, Maria de las Mercedes. A new genus and species of small characid (Ostariophysi, Characidae) from the upper rio Bermejo basin, northwestern Argentina HONG, Yong & JAMES, Samuel W. New species of Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from the Philippines (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) .............. DA GAMA, Maria Manuela & BUSMACHIU, Galina. Especes nouvelles du genre Pseudosinella provenant de Moldavie et d’Ukraine (Collem- bola@Entomobryidae) XVII contribution: i. DANKITTIPAKUL, Pakawin & JOCQUÉ, Rudy. Two new genera of Zodariidae (Aranede) from: Southeast Asia... lin nn JALOSZYNSKI, Pawel. The first record of Horaeomorpus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae) from the Philippines, with description of Ho blatinyi spin. ........ MARIS RIA ole ea PACE, Roberto. Falagriini, Deremini, Athetini e Thamiaraeini del Borneo (Goleoptera*Staphylinidao) me, = aes ee Tu, Lihong & LI, Shugiang. A review of the Gnathonarium species (Araneae seinyphudae) Of China a... cols oa Merten We eae oe LIENHARD, Charles. Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., the first representa- tive of Prionoglarididae from the Oriental Region (Insecta: BSOCODIErA) ateneo ne Mee St Sea eee AT Re UE he mates YANG, Ding & MERZ, Bernhard. New species of Hybos from Guangxi, China (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidac) "nm ue SENDRA, Alberto & EscoLA, Oleguer. Campodéidés cavernicoles du nord- est de la péninsule Ibérique (Diplura: Campodeidae)............. PIEROTTI, Helio & BELLO, Cesare. Peritelini nuovi o interessanti della fauna paleartica. VIII. Pseudomeira balcaniche (Coleoptera Curculionidae Entimmae): E Mae N ele Ae N: BAUR, Hannes & CorAY, Armin. The status of Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) (Ensifera: Phaneropteridae) — a re-assessment...... VOGEL, Peter, MADDALENA, Tiziano & SARA, Maurizio. Crocidura cossy- rensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soricidae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybridization experiments ara | as nies are ee WEBER, Jean-Marc, FRESARD, Dominique, CAPT, Simon & NOEL, Christophe. First records of raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Grays 1834) simi Switzerland ens ae ee EBERMANN, Ernst & HALL, Manfred. A new species of scutacarid mites transferring fungal spores (Acari, Tarsonemina) ................. HOLZINGER, Werner E. A new replacement name for Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (non Castelnau, 1872) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cixiidae)............. Pages 685-690 691-705 707-713 715-728 729-741 743-747 749-784 785-789 791-850 851-864 865-875 877-887 889-914 915-919 921-924 925-934 935-940 941-950 951-952 Pages HOLLANDA CARVALHO, Pedro & WEBER, Claude. Five new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the middiefandilowerAmazoniSystem® MER eee oe ieee PER 953-978 DEHARVENG, Louis & SUHARDJONO, Yayuk R. Pseudosinella maros sp. n., a troglobitic Entomobryidae (Collembola) from Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia 979-984 REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Volume 111 — Number 4 SCHÄTTI, Beat & INEICH, Ivan. A new racer of the genus Platyceps Blyth from Djibouti (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae) ................. SCHATTI, Beat & MCCARTHY, Colin. Saharo-Arabian racers of the Platyceps rhodorachis complex — description of a new species (Reptilia: Squamata Colubrinae) bt SW. i) St in att BOTOSANEANU, L. & GIUDICELLI, J. Discovery in the Alps of Provence (France) of a new taxon in the entirely parthenogenetic superspecies Apatania muliebris (Trichoptera: Apataniidae).................. MIRANDE, Juan Marcos, AGUILERA, Gastön & AZPELICUETA, Marfa de las Mercedes. A new genus and species of small characid (Ostariophysi, Characidae) from the upper rio Bermejo basin, northwestern Argentina HONG, Yong & JAMES, Samuel W. New species of Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from the Philippines (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) .............. DA GAMA, Maria Manuela & BUSMACHIU, Galina. New species of the genus Pseudosinella from Moldavia and Ukraine (Collembola: Entomo- bryidao)XVIIEconta buone, e Me SR DANKITTIPAKUL, Pakawin & JOCQUÉ, Rudy. Two new genera of Zodariidae WAraneae)sirom.Southeast- Asian. e TT JALOSZYNSKI, Pawel. The first record of Horaeomorpus Schaufuss (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae) from the Philippines, with description of FIRDIATNVISPENAEISR E A ARIE e a oe PACE, Roberto. Falagriini, Deremini, Athetini and Thamiaraeini from Bomeo; (Coleoptera, Staphylimidae)).,. a... eos ee oe Tu, Lihong & Li, Shugiang. A review of the Gnathonarium species (AraneaegEinyphidae)rof@hinae nn LIENHARD, Charles. Siamoglaris zebrina gen. n., sp. n., the first representa- tive of Prionoglarididae from the Oriental Region (Insecta: ÉSOCOPLET A) ELL YANG, Ding & MERZ, Bernhard. New species of Hybos from Guangxi, China((Diptera;Empidoidea; Hybotidac) MK RR nenn SENDRA, Alberto & EscoLA, Oleguer. Cave-dwelling Campodeids from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (Diplura: Campodeidae)........... PIEROTTI, Helio & BELLO, Cesare. New or interesting Peritelini of the Palaearctic fauna. VIII. Pseudomeira from the Balkans (Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae)a 2.5 Ay ee eA i eee ee BAUR, Hannes & Coray, Armin. The status of Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) (Ensifera: Phaneropteridae) — a re-assessment...... VOGEL, Peter, MADDALENA, Tiziano & SARÀ, Maurizio. Crocidura cossy- rensis Contoli, 1989 (Mammalia, Soricidae): karyotype, biochemical genetics and hybrIdizationexPeriMENMS eee e n WEBER, Jean-Marc, FRESARD, Dominique, CAPT, Simon & NOEL, Christophe. First records of raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray 1834) am Site landes Re AR NS EBERMANN, Ernst & HALL, Manfred. A new species of scutacarid mites transferring fungal spores (Acari, Tarsonemina) ................. HOLZINGER, Werner E. A new replacement name for Vincentia Uhler, 1895 (non Castelnau, 1872) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cixiidae)............. Pages 685-690 691-705 707-713 715-728 729-741 743-747 749-784 785-789 791-850 851-864 865-875 877-887 889-914 915-919 921-924 925-934 935-940 941-950 951-952 Pages HOLLANDA CARVALHO, Pedro & WEBER, Claude. Five new species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the middlesandllower/ Amazons ystems... a. + eee 953-978 DEHARVENG, Louis & SUHARDJONO, Yayuk R. 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