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Cans: ‘ 9 ( > { 7 fa i 4 か 5 し - i : E し し コ 3 é 『 の \ ~ / の 2 E ‘ 7 ど と ス 1 3 P ‘ = 7 x ーー 1 3 “ ! リ ュ ュ ー bed ~ _- _ i. } i し s コ 7 re t . . 2 an = ャ y つう Lave k = tare 7 am mr = | ご た = デ f . 7 = o ae ¥ も fn vty! ey} mn ンー「 で ul : 7 2 got i . を + - 7 ロ z i i = ) \ ; 7 等 * デ \ し 2 の MD ie ie 1 te De a i Ty は が 1 Mii が an i at he : vie aia IN ae 4 i 7 Ms } Mr r KN M 1 の i dics if が Dart : 5 Baad Onn ity Noes 1 , VAL AGC TY ee iret ae MIK 『 IN Pt TED) cee Me me ne anit ee Bove as H Pals EY Ree Ty" thn) Miri = ae an ae (0 Ma Part 1 | | NOVEMBER, 1886. [Price $4. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA: A DESCRIPTION OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF JAPAN. Per RYE AR, YOKOHAMA: PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ‘JAPAN MAIL:” PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. oe : i rr oOo eT = た アコ ee = 3p ー ら 45.76《 =. MHOPAUCOCERA NIHONICA: A re GRIP TION. OF RHE Pwr eiiks OF JAPAN. BY elma Ye Tesi YOKOHAMA: PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE “JAPAN MAIL:” PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. Order LEPIDOPTERA. Sub-order RHOPALOCERA. The order Lepidoptera is divided into two sub-orders, Rhopalocera and Heterocera. The former includes all the butterflies and the latter all the moths. Butterflies can be roughly distinguished from moths by the following points :—They are almost without exception day flyers, and always have more or less clubbed antennz. Moths fly day and night, and generally have simple or pectinated antenne. This is not, however, an invariable rule, as we have many families of moths with antenne thickened towards the point. This book treats of the butterflies only, and is the result of sixteen years’ constant attention to the group in every part of these islands. The butterflies of Japan are a particularly interesting study, not alone to the Entomologist, but also to the general student. We have in this country direct evidence of the transmutation of spectes, many Japanese butterflies appearing under perfectly distinct alternate forms at different times of the year; these forms of the same insect are often more distinct than undoubted species of the same family. I have proved, by breeding, that this multiplicity of form is caused by temperature affecting the insect during its larval stage, and [ have produced them artificially. I have styled them temperature forms. The reason of these strange temperature forms appearing naturally, in Japan, is primarilly owing to the exceptional amount of change in climate which takes place during the year, and also to the geographical position and con- formation of this country. It is, and has been for long ages, a veritable battlefield in the struggle for exist- ence for the species inhabiting it. Ata not very remote period, geologically considered, these islands appeared above the waves as a chain of high mountain peaks, relics of an ancient continent, similar in appearance to what we see the Kurile Islands now are on the map; the spaces between these old peaks have been filled in principally by recent volcanic agency. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. bo The fauna is decidedly Palaarctic, but we have a good many wanderers from the Oriental region. We have in Japan an admixture of tropical, temperate, and arctic species meeting together in the same area, many of which still continue to find their way here by different routes, this being doubtless the cause of another peculiarity in the Japanese fauna, to which I have called attention under the heading of “dual’’ or twin species. That communication is continuous, is evident from the fact that we find some species presenting no points of difference, while in others it is most marked; the former are able to breed true to their ancestral type, owing to frequent immigration, and those which differentiate most strongly have been isolated longest. Butterflies exhibit forms in process of transmutation in greater numbers than perhaps any other class of organizations, for, from their structure and wandering habits, they are able to spread over large areas, and, during the space of a single year, many species pass through several generations. They are thus constantly subjected, in the never-ceasing battle of life, to ever-varying conditions of existence. I have met with some amount of opposition to my views on this subject from the hands of closet naturalists, who are accustomed to “" museum series” only, the dispute between the field observer and the book-making describer being, even yet, very keen. So many new systems of classification having been proposed of late years, I think I need not apolo- gize for using in this book an old one, which, notwithstanding many defects, is at any rate the most con- venient for my purpose. My specimens have all been named by Messrs. Butler and O. Janson, and 1 am therefore not accountable for any errors in nomenclature, but at the same time I must call attention to the fact that many specimens named as distinct by Mr. Butler have afterwards proved to be forms of long known species, and, where I have been able to detect these errors, I have included them in the list of synonyms. The following Families are represented in Japan :— Papihontd ae: yeccnkeaceac te aczssut dy cece e ine anne ae ee II species, BI) Mie ik, 05.5088. 5e8scka vic Shs lee ieee ee ee eee 12 Be Uy CEE Be So % reve ctes cates te cee: netceu ee ue acre = Meee ote ee ager od 36 ‘i Lemon tid os 20 I a IN thal ERC 02 oy cease er oom eee ree 38 Ae Daina doe sock cos hectic daw ee oe ecco eh ea oe I r Eye eres am iad Sen ca denglo cue chal eens sea dsc eee 18 ‘ 1 1 (ご 9【6 9 20 の RHOPALOCERA, NIHONICA, Go Family PAPILIONID/L. Genus PAPILIO. 1. Papilio machaon, L. (PI. 1, fig. 1-a, 1-B.) astatica, But. hippocrates, Feld. Localities—Main Island, Yezo. Food plants—Cultivated umbelliferze, carrot, fennel, &c. ‘Time of appearance—-From March until the end of summer. The first imago appear in March from larva which have fed up late in the preceding autumn. These March specimens are invariably small and light colored (fig. 1-B), and are the machaon form. As the summer advances the successive broods increase in size and depth of coloration until August, when the A/ppocrates (fig. 1-A) form appears. It is a very abundant insect, and often strips fields of carrots of their leaves. 2. Papilio xuthus, L, (Pl. 1, fig. 2-A, 2-3.) xuthulus, Brem. Localities—Main Island. Food plants—-Egle sepiaria D.C., Xanthoxylon schinnifolium S. & Z. Time of appearance—From March until the end of summer. Like the preceding species, we have an early spring form, xuthulus (fig. 2-A), and a summer form, xuthus (fig. 2-B). Machaon is a plant feeder, vuthus a tree feeder. The larva of the two species are very different in appearance, the difference being greater even in the larval stage than in the imago. The female of xuthus is dimorphic, one form being light yellow and the other much darker. 3- Papilio maacki, Men. (PI. 1, fig. 3.) dehaant, Feld. bianor var japonica, But. tutanus, Fenton. Localities—Yokohama, Yezo, and the mountains of the Main Island generally. Food plant—Hyle sepiaria and other kinds of orange trees. Time of appearance—From April until the end of summer. This beautiful insect varies greatly, from green to purple blue; some specimens have a row of red spots on the hind wing which is absent on others. It also varies greatly in size and markings. This species extends furthest north of any of the black Papilios. It is an extremely difficult insect to figure. The larva very much resembles that of P. xuthus, although the perfect insect differs so greatly. RHOPALOCERA NIFONTCA, 4. Papilio demetrius, Cr. (PI. 3, fig. 6.) Localities—Main Island. Food plant 一 4 や gle sepiaria, D.C. Time of appearance—From April until the end of summer. The larva is very similar to those of the two preceding species, exactly reversing the case of machaon and xuthus. The hind wing of the male is ornamented with an oval greenish-white patch con- cealed below the fold of the fore wing. This is, as a rule, hardly visible, but is displayed by the male when courting his mate. Demetrius and macilentus are perhaps "dual species. 5. Papilio macilentus, Janson, (PI. 3, fig. 2.) Localities—Rare about Yokohama, but more abundant in the mountains of the Main Island. Time of appearance—From May and during summer. The female is very seldom to be obtained. The male, which is ornamented exactly as in the preceding species, 1s, in its first brood, often very diminutive, and [ have captured them less than half the size of the female specimen figured. I have not yet found the larva. This species is specially adapted to fertilizing Lilies, the pollen from the flowers, which it frequently visits, adhering to its long hind wings and tails. 6. Papilio alicinous, Klug, (VI. 3, fig. §.) Localities—Main Island. Food plant—Cocculus thunbergii, D.C. Time of appearance—From April until the end of summer. The female of this species is dimorphic in China and the Ryukyu Islands, being sometimes nearly as black as the male, and sometimes buff, but I have never seen any but the last-named form in Japan. The male emits a peculiarly sweet, musky odour when alive. The female also emits a fainter odour, but to me this is as unpleasant as that of the male is pleasant. It is one of the most abundant Papilios, and is easily caught. The larva resembles a partially ripe mulberry, and the pupa is most beautifully sculptured. 7. Papilio helenus, L. (PI. 2, fig. 2.) Localities—Nagasaki and Tosa. Time of appearance—May and summer. This is a southern insect, and I have not seen it further north than the Island of Shikoku. The large white patch on the hind wing makes it a very conspicuous object. It has a fine rapid, bold flight, and constantly returns to the same spot. The female is rare. 8. Papilio memnon, L, (PI. 2, fig. 1.) Localities 一 Nagasaki. Time of appearance—May and summer. This is the largest Japanese butterfly. Ihave not seen it, in Japan, north of the Island of Kyushyu. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 5 The male is much less ornamented than the female, and is generally jet black, with a faint red patch at the base of the fore wing. The female is very conspicuous, and, from the contrast of its colours, appears much larger than it really is when on the wing. Atailed form is found in China, but I have not seen it in Japan. Those females I have seen here are also darker than Chinese specimens. 9. Papilio sarpedon, L. (PI. 1, fig. 9.) Localities—Main Island. Food plant—Machilus thunbergii Z. and S. Time of appearance—April until the end of summer. Very abundant. The larva feeds on the young leaves of the evergreen Machilus, their colour resem- bles very closely that of the young green leaves of this tree. 10. Luedorfia puziloi, Ersch. (PI. 1, fig. 10.) Localities—VYezo, Gifu. Time of appearance 一 Early in April. This is a rare insect, and I have not yet seen a perfect specimen. It is found early in the year on high mountains. 11. Parnassus glacialis, But. (PI. 3, fig. 5.) wi Localities—Nikko, Vezo. Time of appearance—June, July. This is a mountain insect. Some specimens are suffused with smoky black, and it varies greatly in markings. The female often has a horny sheath to the abdomen, but I do not think the use of this has yet been discovered. Family PIERID. 12, Aporia crategi, L, (Pl. 3, fig. 7.) Locality—Yezo. Food plant—Apple trees. Time of appearance—Summer. This is abundant in Yezo, but I have not seen it south of that Island, 6 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 13. Pieris rape, L, (PI. 3, fig. 6.) crucivora, But. Localities—All Japan. Food plants—Cultivated cruciferae, such as daikon (radish), cabbages, &c. Time of appearance—March to November. Varies much in size. The Japanese specimens have been mistaken for Pverts brassicz, vide Mr. Elwes, P.Z.S., Nov. 15th, 1881, but this latter species does not occur in Japan. I noticed immense swarms of P. rape flying across the Bay of Kagoshima this year, but did not see any further south. 14. Pieris napi, L. (PI. 3, fig. 8-a., 8-B.) megamera, But. melete, Men. Localities—Main Island, Yezo. Food plant—An uncultivated crucifer, Arabis hirsuta, Scop. Time of appearance— March to October. The imago first appears in March, form megamera; it is then a very different looking insect from the succeeding broods (form me/efe). It varies in size from 1% inches to 2 inches. For many years after | first commenced collecting here, [ was surprized to find that what was then known as megamera, only appeared once in the year, March and April, after which it entirely disappeared ; nearly all the other Pierida being many brooded. I was therefore very anxious to ascertain what became of the larva from April until the next autumn, or whether it remained for the whole summer, autumn, and winter in the pupa state. To obtain the unknown larva of a butterfly is a particularly difficult task ; the food plant has to be discovered and the females induced to lay their eggs. By spending many days in early spring watching the females, I was at last rewarded by seeing one busily depositing its eggs on Arabis hirsuta, and from these I reared the entirely different form, me/ete. I was not unprepared for this result from my discoveries of a like change of form in Papilio xuthus and xuthulus, &c. 15. Anthocaris scolymus, But, (PI. 3, fig. 4-a., 4-B.) Localities—Yokohama, Nikko. Food plant—Cardamine sylvatica, Sink. Time of appearance—March, April. This insect undoubtedly only appears once during the year. There are no allied forms, and it is the only representative of the genus in Japan. I know little or nothing concerning its life history beyond the fact that it feeds upon a bitter cress, common in marshy situations. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 7 に 16. Leucophasia sinapis, L. (PI. 2, figs. 7 and 8.) amurensis, Men. vilibia, Janson. Localities—Fujisan, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—July, August. In the southern parts of the Main Island this is only found on the mountains, but in Nambu and Yezo I believe it inhabits the plains. It is an open question whether zz//27Z is distinct from amurensts, and this can only be determined by breeding. As it is not found in the Yokohama district, I have no opportunity of testing this, and must leave it to entomologists more favourably situated. It is probable that vilibia and amurensis are “dual” forms, if not species. I have figured the two most dissimilar speci- mens I could find. 17. Rhodocera maxima, But. (PI. 2, fig. 5.) Localities— Yokohama, Ohoyama, Asama-yama. Time of appearance—May, July. This has a much more robust appearance than the following, and contrary to the opinion I have expressed elsewhere (Trans. Asiatic Society of Japan, May oth, 1883), I now believe it to be perfectly distinct, as, during the year 1885, | captured both maxima and acuminata freshly emerged at Asama-yama, and was then able to compare them under a favourable aspect, which I had not had the opportunity of doing before. I have frequently obtained males only, in the spring about Yokohama, but never saw a female here, and think they must be strays from the lower mountains in the vicinity. It undoubtedly hybernates. 18. Rhodocera acuminata, Feld, (PI. 2, fig. 6.) Localities—Nikko, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—-July. This species is only found, where I have collected, at a considerable elevation, but it inhabits the plains in Yezo. Many insects in South Japan are confined to the mountains, but are found lower down the further we go north. I have seen none of the preceding species from Yezo, where it appears to be wholly replaced by the present. In the case of maxima and acuminata we have an excellent example of the ‘duality "of species. 19. Colias paleno, L. (Pl. 2, fig. 3.) Localities—Asama-yama. Time of appearance—July. This butterfly has a most extensive range, from Iceland to Central Japan, where it has its habitat at an elevation of over 6,000 feet. I have seen it commonly at the Yu-no-taira on Asama-yama. Owing to 8 RHOPALOCERA NIAONICA. the irregular nature of the ground, which is composed of loose, volcanic scoriz, it is most difficult to cap- ture. It never seems able to stray far from this place, and may be seen beating up and down, but never descending below this bleak and cold locality. 20. Colias hyale, L, (PI. 2, fig. 4-a., 4-B.) simoda, Del Orza. erate, Esp. subaurata, But. elwesti, But. Localities—Main Island, Yezo. Food plant—Leguminous plants. Time of appearance—February to November. This is one of the most abundant butterflies about Yokohama, and is the first harbinger of spring. It may often be seen flying about a warm sunny bank by the middle of February, when the snow is still on the ground. These are not hybernated specimens, but freshly emerged, as I have often taken them then with their wings hardly dry. The female is dimorphic, having a yellow and a white form. The difference between a summer and a winter specimen is most marked, both in colour and size. It is found commonly both on the plains and mountains. I have figured an exceptionally large female of the late summer brood, and a male of that appearing in February. 21. Terias multiformis, H. Pryer, (Pl. 2, fig. ga, 9p.) hecabe, wb; mandarina, Del Orza. hecabeo'des, Men. ヾ 777277S75. 727es/。 But. anemone, Fel. connexiva, But. @stupe, Men. brenda. sart, Hors. Localities—Central and South Japan. Food plant—Lespedeza juncea, Pers. Time of appearance——March (hybernated specimens) to December. To the naturalist, this is the most interesting of all the butterflies of Japan, and therefore demands a careful account of its very extraordinary life history, which I will give as fully as I have been able to elucidate it. In the first place, I find, from observations of my own and fellow workers, that no species of the genus Terias have as yet crossed the Straits of Tsugaru, between Yezo and the Main Island. A/u/tiformis is RHOPALOCERA N/IHONICA. 9 found southward from Japan to Australia, and westward as far as Africa, but the Main Island of Japan is probably its most northern limit. It is not known in Amurland. Many years ago, | observed a hybernated female, of the form mandarina, depositing its eggs on Lespedeza juncea. From these eggs I was greatly astonished by breeding several of the form Aecade, which had been described by Linnzeus, and well known for over 100 years. This was so unexpected and contrary to all the then accepted ideas concerning the immutability of species, that I suspected some eggs or larva of hecabe had strayed into my breeding cages, and hesitated to publish my discovery without further corroboration. In following years I again and again tried the same experiment, with the same results, and then sent an account to the London Entomological periodicals, where the statement was, and still is, received with incredulity; but, as am sure, it isa positive fact, and it will be easy for any one who may doubt itto undertake the task of investigation. I know that several eminent describers have spent a lifetime in separating the forms of this species, and they naturally feel annoyance that I should have so outrageously upset their pet theories and proved that they have been engaged in a useless letting down of “bottomless ) buckets into empty wells and drawing nothing up.” A fine illustration of this sort of work is Mr. Butler’s Pty ら Saul paper on the Japanese Terias, published in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1880, Part 4, the only really useful part of which is the coloured plate accompanying the paper ; it gives a series of forms, all mu/t¢formts. By placing half of a brood of larva in a cool place and half in a warm one, I have simultaneously produced a mixture of the two forms, some perfect ecade (hot), and some mandarina (cold), at a time of year when naturally only Zecz2e is found. With reference to Mr. Butler's remarks concerning hybrids, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1880, Pt. 4, genuine hybrids do actually occur between hecabe and mandarina naturally. J/andarina appears on the cold mountains much earlier than on the plains, and these fly down and mix with Aecabe, producing one or more broods late in the autumn, of numberless intermediate varieties, showing all transitions between the two parent forms. This insect is a most excellent illustration of the transmutation of species. If it could be transported to a cold, even climate like England, only the mandarina form would be found, and its connec- tion with hecabe would not even be suspected, as they differ in every respect as much as any two species of the family; with an increase in temperature in Japan, mandarina would disappear, and only the hecabe form would be found, as at Singapore and other tropical places where I have collected. The hecabe form is one of the butterflies the males of which are supposed to be more numerous than the females, but this is not a fact, as I find, when breeding them, that both sexes are about evenly represented. The males are fond of settling in numbers on damp spots in pathways, or flying about in the open, and are easily captured in large numbers. ‘The females have to be sought after among the herbage and undergrowth, and are much less easily found, and this is the reason of the apparent disproportion of the sexes; the result of the difference in habits of the sexes is seen in the different colour of the males and females, the males are always a bright yellow and the females much lighter, the latter being much less exposed to the action of light. These remarks apply only to the ん zcz2e form, and not to mandarina. The latter appears during 10 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. the colder period, when the habits of the two sexes are more alike, and there is, in the mandarina form, less difference in the coloration of the two sexes, a number of specimens then collected at random will be found to show a greater proportion of both. In the figures, I have given the two extreme forms of mandarina and hecabe. 22. Terias leta, Boisd. (PI. 2, fig. 10.) Terias jegert, Men. Localities-—Main Island. Time of appearance—March to November. A very rare variety of this, wholly yellow, is sometimes found, a counterpart of mandarina to the hecabe form of multiformis. Although avery common species, | know nothing concerning its life history, and in this respect there is, in Japan, an exhaustless field of most interesting research for the naturalist. The few species that I have, with the limited time at my disposal, been able to study, always yield most interesting and unexpected results. 23. Terias bethesba, Janson. (PI. 2, fig. 11.) Localities— Main Island. Time of appearance—Summer. A very interesting and unvariable species, only appearing during the hot weather. Nothing is yet known of its economy. ILis peculiar to Japan. L¥CZEN TDA. 24. Miletus hamada, Druce. (PI. 2, fig. 12.) Localities—Yokohama, Nikko. ‘Time of appearance—Suminer to October. About Yokohama this is generally a very local species, being confined to isolated spots. Some specimens are quite black, and others from the mountains have a patch of grevish white on the fore wing. It varies from # inch to 14 inch. 24. Lyceena (?) ogasawaraensis, H. Pryer, (PI. 2, fig. 13.) Locality— Ogasawara. Time of appearance—March. In the month of March, 1878, I visited the isolated Ogasawara Islands (Bonins) ona collecting expedi- RIOPALOCERA NIHONICA. ii tion. The only butterflies I saw there were Papilio xuthus, form xuthulus, Lycena betica, and the present, of which latter I was fortunate enough to obtain five specimens, and, so far as is yet known, the species is confined to this small group of islands. It is very peculiarly coloured, being deep blue above and shining green on the under side of the hind wing, and has very long antenne. 26. Curetis acuta, Moore. (PI. 4, fig. 1, 2.) Localities—Tonosawa, Tosa, Atami, Yokohama. Time of appearance—September. I have only twice seen this in the Yokohama district, but it is common in the mountains. The under side is a complete contrast to the upper side, being a beautiful shining silvery white. The contrast be- tween the male and female is also very marked on the upper surface, the former being coppery red and the latter blue. 27. Amblypodia japonica, Murray, (VPI. 2, fig. 14.) Locailty—Yokohama. Time of appearance—September to December and April. I have sometimes seen this in warm corners in very cold weather, and it undoubtedly hybernates. 28. Amblypodia turbata, But. (PI. 2, fig. 16.) Locality— Nagasaki. I owe the example from which the specimen is figured, of this very rare species, to the generosity of Mr. H. Loomis. At present it is almost unique, the only other specimen extant being in the collection of the British Museum. 29. Amblypodia loomisi, H. Pryer. (Pl. 2, fig. 15.) Locality 一 Kanozan, in Kadzusa. I have much pleasure in naming this interesting species after my friend Mr. Loomis, who has been very successful in capturing one new and one very rare species of this very restricted genus. The plate almost renders a description unnecessary, but for the sake of uniformity I will give a short précis of the species. Expanse 1 in.; can at once be distinguished from japonica and turbata by its much smaller size and grey under side. Upper side, basal half of the fore and hind wing bright blue, remainder of the wing black ; fringe of the fore wing dark, hind wing grey ; under side, on both the fore and hind wings, the spots characteristic of the Lycenide, are united, forming four bands, ーー ・ a) ay . = oe = ‘ : é te bs = 4 7 で あぁ に 3 < 時 Be < 2 チチ RHOP. NIHONICA RHOP NIHONICA RHOP. NIHONICA PI. 3 Ri RRnr atl QRRASHRNAR Ha RIK NRE RS EB RR ON Bi INO BO Ar RA SI RBA YSN CR h 々 SM *K UNYNAW ACNKNANKN っ K (OR faz HS OR SEK ‘ we we RR e Oe Ae Se KVM Ts we ow KN BBO ER RR SER UK AR A NSRBNR CR IRN A PN CORRE RSN EB BK A Nr, eP@s-R ler yras SA SNAEA MR wa SHS RING & (Riz RRC B) we Bea eS ROKR A EB RNEN EN A REN RR QR AR H— HM KR RUN KRAn we R Nhe ER. 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RELA RE ,aASSvsTMH4Ik EN SA MIKN { A ie By Gigs oo) 同 ー /// し の HN り + [SQ S\ IL が Sil as Hx 3 ESN ay ょ へ SMiNnwn¢ Rom N i = 38 HD KS MER CRN XK AK | BA - Wyags N AY KN Mm # REIS + NO w NHS A AEC RS ルル Ls] Gy» 屋 > [| ト F > RH AIS 1 Jon ik SH VMI vw PTE vm awe Pp Maar oF s+ nrmSe 1 KRY A Ret Pp SSN aK PA lnm Keys (GR fe SR LB) RMBMNASHANEKA PNT ASKNARONMA, PN CBA NKR MBa De HARON EN MRR SY MBN RS eS RINSE RR Pd + OW HH LHEN BMP AP AAC ENH IRA RHA A bh Bre \ OM RX ARN BA < Pee Nex 1 BER Ryn Sa ee BB dr eee ENB AQ aK IRS RBS RARER AK | Bmw R DI Loe RRR RKNBNa CHS NO HRN YO PKR PES RERERRHSoORURES BR I BY aka -~NWNV\ MH AR KIN BA Be BAR BN AMI AR RMN om wes a BRL N UEP AMMAN BHB+AW 1 Cra wpn rk AY KINRPAYBsS Sn B vy KAN +~ RNAS MEIN A Cf ann OWN ARE Ra | Rv KEnedtan | genx RAR Me Sy | emer A MW) Benner SMe r 1 eK Ee 1 Bs w Rep RN | SNP _RARTERv\ Rr aR axC ovo nMNHaraKREr ds Ras [Pak = +INWo' | KOXP SRERREHSoOSHRAR SB. Ses Ry KA AINR Nm RA om Ber APN [eo Ow ele MR AKIN ERE HHAnR Me I ReENKAR PNA PDTR AS RARE r A AH iHaneRi gs SmnypRaWHsesaSK iF a a wfe éAs P+ BRA RASS WA >? or Bond Sex eM \EEENPRK ie (REB\ SNE 1 SK\ER Aan Ba RE MBAPN ANP 8 Bs NBN BA PN RASH BR Swen DS eS K Wwe oLEKR ER kot BE RE HE Si imma tlimn Mami. ke N AYR YA PN RA) Sw CBeR Ew Rox Ramee REvn Be KRNRNs PV Awe NR RAKE 1 BR CBN RE NRNA RHRI KCC PRESRHROM I HAN Ds RZaBPYNSTMrARenAnrNn eR Ka is KA 3S BS oh RA ge L28e Kon Rees (S& fe EA ed 4) (2 (A—) ‘Br EMS I SABRNANR( VRE SRR MAY AMA KS OINN NK AN Bante arnter KR Ri BHvPrCr Si BBSwWi Nw Bin yp =~ xh sae at blelR» tf SAA NK]S RRB An Re yD RINGS CIR BSN Bea v ‘Key 2 Bere KR pp PBR vy allan i WAra he PNR & ASP 失っ (GR te ES a RO) HS BEKO ES' Ric mo Ris Ko BRN AR PNM Re RAR KH ARRN EY HK EAKR RS RH] EH KREKS ee eee Jo EN TEE MRREAI Kr Ri VH » afr te RONEN BRARRNA RB K 2 RRA IRR NRBan SI oh KEN NE Be RA PR Hh SM Ee N 6 Bn uN seQRNYRrARE KAP N RPA REND 得 タ v = リ Gz キ 2» Asi RS ERMA wQ Rw RAC ORIN ARK ANE PR SM hee ath < Ob th RR ON EX > dD RN BE NNR RAE ARNNELK Kop Ni vl K oO XK aIN NN] Te BRN fFyu era ike earn K [2 \ En BeR\ M4 MEK AK 1 ipa dt x BRM AT x AoA + [Bm oe mime x 3a Rade <[ 5 DS tb! MRA AMMAMyara nr RBM AW d <% HR RMR ak cA RSS 8 1 AR <9) i" Wb BR aw oo an Exe RG Mee SS | Re EI Ks | PNRM! KR RN CRIN NN eA BANS SRI Sik SARI ARIK mA Pr KIS TOR NN ARN AHR ES RHR I Re BE MP MK SE KANN MHA KAT NR RRNA XK ork he ORS DD (GR ix ER SRV < Be) a Kw fA A A Kem PT | AB See EE ae ie em We mae eEAaTSe. re CN SHC KE NER NS EN WHA PRERER RY REM eS. eR A py de KTaranw pleln ow fA) ANS MORI HR Ae DAN Re ABR REO RR ( 四 一 ) SH. RK e+e Drake r | Kee] Ft RR DTSB RN RSHOR UTIs Mya Pays oan x Bi SHnAHfv + eH KWH oe AHS vA GMAT IM Ke. RE BREMNER Bs ann < IN Re 7 wiv ERPnm aR ONOMaArxrrnd Den KIRA DSR) ERK (GR Ee << A) AR KA IN ®? 4 OID SAN HX TA AN We XL 2'R So Mo HERR \ 2+ Rav + PRET mir Rm a eM WA SBN RBrxnpsn 2&9 Bw ssw Ry nt Xn BSRBAK akKRNfx An -lWH= < Kae Bn ey pate Ka 6 | SOHN MAT © Ah ROR VERS Re SRR BES NOS pv MEERA NHS NX PMH xs Ra n|-Byn vy res | CEN RP ER\ Bi Sy | TREK aK Di Swe. BAR Mm SBA'ZANDWs Kw Be nw KK. MRSvTMAak Mim A PRR ERA RENAE RS LMR REN WR PNR ARERR +R eRe ex~ Ree RR A RBA RE wey dv eA KR AE SH SANA I BS Seo nomexny er + Sn Bes KEM WEY aA gs dea A =) we Remon Gs KVR SCS YK APN RAB ROR. RHO NHB OKRA R BAB Nbc ge | NEN AEN eH NRRA RE IRA ERR yor Sy & OR K wR Sex OX Dae KS SS REAK'A INKS ASR DOR ON (GR 11] GS GR 40 pel we FPeQ wi 322 Rif Me RB. REM ROMS mA SEY Named er Md Se NS Re ey ho. (SR 11] SS RK JIL VG Zz FIN 2Nn 同 Iai yds ADK PSR A =~ IP qe URN Kr TA BK REC SSRN + Wee RS AS ふと を ANSNTNSA ECHR SR KS (GR Hin SS Sk ey) we Rese Riz Ermye リ 2S Hs N+ “EnE oa On dR 4 HRS AIRS + ee ips ree ON AD SEE Son ag (8% 1] SSR A Be) [こく さき や = (§R 1] RR we RS eet ci a oS Ri Mm amkRi Wa SPREE RRA ORR RRS BI ARB IR. Bo +-BvnR tH wR OH K APN RA RRB on 6 RH ANN RE RNO BR Ar RS MN AH XK 3 BES | RR HRN Hm kB RS LHR BH +A PN me BAe RS SNMRNSBRR A RAR KD By VRB cs b> KEE SPN TP SRKRN OBR NK AP RDNA RS ES CORN RRO AMI AH RE Mx RM HAD RRMig ya - yay XN WN Sone ic BRI) BS) Hy PX Re SG Arex ome REC HRS NER IANA PN INES PRR RINom sy Ard RRNA K+ TAR MRM R ASRS R i RRPWR 1 anBSs KBR wWKNKAnHR aA KS E+ > . be eX ) POA NY A CX (QR ie SR | S ye we 2 ノレ ( 四 ) (4) Beir nhRepDWaPrv Pi BAn pvr annMyn arc Brrr ger a'H es く 屋 AIK unk’ Kh Ose XB DRae \ eR CBM AN TT BRAS DARIN XE AANA PF (GR 1] SSR |) me RS we 宇 幼 ir Emmamki ha RB Ae bh NNR KA OP NOR (SR 11] SS Si ie Be) We Bi ee Ke HB NBA RN Rie om m a MAN Me SBS SC MRErPr pvt dn RSC ROBB Rr REnCTrMARrx+ een Spy ce By nor aes Mi Ri pri Bvt. 1 Bers ranSnBeawy SPRANSKA eK amen kMv di rr TRB. Pi iaere ner ds sR Ernie KM ad I MNAr CER i KPI SBdInMOs We RYN. MH i KS mas ne ANAK BAY) | xX 必 iW & dof 3 ge iG RBs Bws PNK D = BR th 4k BOX ae int wm m™ OF NM = My bo RTP OR INA ‘OOK th 4 ig BS RR Me KA PK ONS SPV POKRREBN BEC RRM Kt rR. Ber We SRBs ATK ae NEN BERENS Rm | Cee | CO RA ty ey cl eee (SR Hy HS SR 11) Be) se ae ees \2°R Bae IRR Ae I Rb KN HN = A BMS SMR ye ea N PA SS Sake. RK mm amRo Wea APN TF Sa BOM RN RR ARE RRR Re Ree NR -MIn pA PN AR SKE CIHR pRB KRAN AHS oe! っ 人 で 征 < 瑞 BN HK N (Be tit GS § Hh Be <9) KR HK ROR AN += IN % SN WN DN AR 4E2 8 a uy] aye に Me \ BNR RRE RSE SUM wWaBeev kK dome RenwK sy yd Kem aVwnra SPN CE NMS DR MRRAN MT? OM AIS NOR BRAM A \NBRSBrRnaN MESA PRN ERIN KDR NO BAC TR I RTR AKA HRS BN OE I RAK ARAN PNR] Ie RON agen , a anhalt MD BUTTERFLIES OF JAPAN. RS TU Mr. Distant’s excellent Rhopalocera Malayana has suggested to me to attempt a similar illustrated book on the Butterflies of Japan, which I purpose calling The Rhopalocera Nihonica. Although I cannot hope to produce as complete a work as MR. DiSTANT'S, I trust my endeavours will meet with the approval and support of the Public The Rhopalocera Nihonica will be published in Three Parts, containing 3, 3, and 4 plates, re- spectively, and the price will be Twelve Dollars for the entire Work. It will be of a size uniform with thé Rhopalocera Malayana, and will contain 167 coloured figures, embracing all the authentic Japanese species known to me. 1 have endeavoured to bring out, prominently, the great amount of variation and also the strange temperature forms, of the Japanese butterflies. All the illustrations have been drawn and lithographed by Native artists, and although it is the first work of the kind executed in Japan, I believe it will be found, in this respect, to compare most favourably with Foreign publications. The letterpress will be in both languages, English and Japanese, and, together with the plates, will be printed on Japanese ‘‘ untearable” paper. Ne H., PRYER, (G.MiZese No. 127, Bluff, oe YOKOHAMA, 19th November, 1886. rou» a i \ i こ 由 いい ッ , に ‘ \ 1 ? f ore SA MA | [Pray 7 \ yy ae NN fi if, fe こ ii テー ZA ; ed - Vi if LSM an ut AY HE A こい A NA) 7 NN SS 4 \ ; -_ ノ ク ペン ング マン SS ママ MA 人 人 し ンジ ーー デー で ご こと オー 4 ム vee WS Gee (Ge い Broz Sie ンー adele 0 (vs N RAAT) Sei it Z い ’ 2 ve Wes?) Mee ん CC ン レン ゾン a (Hr) WY. W SN、 ペー ング N= > 1 ! - ‘ に と っ / ン ソ 0 1 wg 2 7 VS 、 7 iA 2% に & AL Ly. ュー ee Lt fe AeA Vier eres Wa 。/ / フ ブン アルン ンー ンジ NN" [ ‘nt SS AA Wi LOW poe ニュ ーー SS 3 ざい RE ーー ~ NN ww WM Mie ‘Kh hae a ツ 7 ん : N 6 | NMwN い は | ; \ NN / へ へ 、 a = FWY, \ \ に MY い すさ に こい 。 SN DJ 』 さ て い ly Pee a \ 9 MI P 8 NN NM ショ wm) PONE 4 ゆ ゅ ~/ NN 4 \ \ rT ay po ' い N Show N a / j N NN AN i NN) SNSSN / N ヾ > N プル ん ルレ ソン Md WW ベン シン シン Wh し | {SF ed eS U/ f 8 fh ae の アル ニノ ay f = こ ん / トン es Vj \ : Se, te \ . j ー ア (2 1 Ng / と (A a" \ / / し Wii wey . WW yee ey VN. GH っ ニュ ンー IN a j ws に - j +e g = ea や ) i い コ っ < * tet は 7 ダン Ry a, <4 ity ィ YS gree SS 2 read] \ Es || OS MPa - 9 っ 2 7 た { 1 A Oi if Pe ー ED) 1 て RONs や へ a の i ! = - iy ee i } { t , SW a = eh ) NZ { 0 ト ーー っ > Ca リ A 1 1 | N * ‘ 14 > で . ES ー fy Says } ett ¥ . a OSN N = FY Vea OFA = nt bd Ae ~ Be, こっ { j if Ae } eae, SG: S AES ae a Ca he IN “ht SA cc, > rh ON を AN RIN も es ak, we | ee = Nid ~ WY WD ) 1 f ンー ンー N 1 ses SS es に 4G OY J ‘ ト SS ンー に ざこ oi N 1 vu ' \ NY HRS A の " Be Ney eI eee \ SN 2. WANG é 』 Saal Hi { an 1 さぶ hE aN anal \ ン wi 9 6 { Ne ae も 1 a. ee XS は あま a I eR - で Loe Bh 【6 で チー ブ ーー グン 。 ee ne. Se NN レジ / “WS ES ニン / ル ルル XN = oo 3 & = 7 に | ee トー wy i ff 。 ゾル ンク / 4 / ' F ン 4 Ni iW hese 1 と A 1 | 1 〆 / / を hb \ iCk A 4 / 7 ご ii \ is j ; クン \ ff 4 # 万 アァ ン i 1 / 1 2 i の > \ 1 6 fis XN 1 \ が w / 7 Q 1 を ji lf A YW le / ! Ce し \ A i \ i は \ / ジ / ae IN こ 2 1 / レダ eS A \ i Ad! リ /: の プ 4 — ' Ns (ペグ at シン この ーー ーー * i) NY LAA AS. LA < ルミ ンジ ) に (ング ググ AA し / ーー SN N NL | Mt y 2 ー ル トト ンプ ん Fi 1 Ne ya アジ — グン \ \ 2 fe - ff ーー SS 内 に デ ae 1 VY に ーー“ レン ee i Df “OM | 9 ie . | J ime N に hy | a i 衣 / ジン ン り 電 て < ヽ ン WM NJ ms / re j se ve bye © See MC J ーー 3 し ity の 4 ン “ q - NGA SNAG) eee Ce ’ Cig Y の レン vik \ , YA NG. 7 UU | 』 . 1 4 f , ガ 4 | AU . © MOS? all Wd MO ree / M/ LY v し ツレ レル ん 6 レン レン ジレ マツ ツレ WY が af