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Sean, re 4 ーー a / t8 = ンー ラン ジン N SN et ee ジェーーー っ f 3 と ae ニン AN SN Be a ecient = (4 ング Gti ンー pd ーー ラー ニ の グン Li N 6 SA Sead = = = eo a = ー ニ ラグ し ーー WSS が て AS > N oe a eed = SS ay So いやー ~ < ーー ニニ ー ‘Gs Se > : gr fi BB 2 < デ 6 = ie SF S 4 RY a ーー Ke ee ーー * ts & ー の 6 ピー ジー== = SF Seat ーーー = に ニー < = i i : こ > A p f GE 2 ウー ンー ニー ーーーーーー ーーー ミー 2 ae = ンーー Me? BEI ー PY = ¥ = [Price $4. A DESCRIPTION OF THE rice OF THE “JAPAN MAIL:” PUBLISHED “BY THE AUTHOR’S EXECUTORS. \ と 〔/ の の WW の. / Pat ーー ie ITF FASTER ろ RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 13 30. Niphanda fusca, Brem. and Grey, (PI. 4, fig. 2.) N. dispar. Brem. Localities—Nikko, Fujisan. Time of appearance—June, September. The specimen figured is the female; the male has more sharply pointed wings, and the coloration of the upper surface is dull purple. It frequents high lands and mountain slopes. 31. Dipsas seepestriata, Hew. (PI. 4, fig. 3.) Localities— Yokohama, Tokyo. Time of appearance—May and June. 32. Dipsas lutea, Hew, (PI. 4, fig. 4.) Localities—Yokohama, Nikko, Yezo, Asama yama. Time of appearance—May and June. 33. Dipsas jonasi, Janson. (PI. 4, fig. 5.) Localities—Yezo, Yokokawa, Asama-yama. Time of appearance—June, July. These three species form a very beautiful and exceptional group of the Japanese Lycenide, and I therefore treat them together. In the case of Dipsas lutea and D. jonast, we have an undoubted case of “duality.” D. dutea is found both on the mountains and on the plains, but is more abundant in the mountains. の . jonas’, so far as my experience goes, 1s a mountain insect only. D. sepestriata, on the contrary, is found on the low land only, and I have not yet seen it from Yezo. The coloration of the females of all three species is very remarkable—in every instance they have almost completely assumed the coloration of the males, contrary to the rule in most of the Japanese Lyczenide. The Lycaenide, we know positively, are descended from ancestors, both sexes of which were originally dull-colored, and the majority of the females retain this characteristic, while the males are in many instances gaily colored; but in this group both sexes are almost exactly alike in point of beauty, the females still, however, gene- rally showing a trace of their original dull color, in the black tip to the wing. All three species are most active from about two hours before sunset until dusk, and during this time the males are to be seen flying about the tops of the trees and engaging, often three or four at a time, in an aérial contest. 34. Thecla smaragdina, Brem. (Pl. 4, fig. 6a, 6B.) Localities—Nikko, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—July, August. 14 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 35. Thecla japonica, Murray. (PI. 4, fig. 74, 7B, 7¢, 7D.) 7. fasciata. Janson. T. vegina. Butler. Localities— Yokohama, Asama-yama, Nikko, Vezo. Time of appearance—on the plains, May to July; on the mountains, July and August. 36. Thecla orientalis, Murray. (PI. 4, fig. 8a, 8B.) Localities—Yokohama, Nikko, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—Exactly the same as the preceding species. 37. Thecla saphirina, Stdor, (PI. 4, fig. 9a, 9B.) Locality—Yezo. These four form another very distinct group. The males of all four are a most vivid iridescent green. The females of two, Z. orzentalis and. 7. sapharina are dull brown. The female of J. smaragdina has, in all the specimens I have seen, a patch of yellowish brown on the fore-wing, while the female of 7. japonica is polymorphic and very variable. One polymorphic form of the latter is entirely brown, another hasa large patch of shining blue on the fore-wing, a third has a yellowish brown patch on the — fore-wing, whilst a fourth has both the blue and yellowish brown; specimens showing a mixture, in every degree of variation, can often be found. Coloration of the female, however, depends greatly upon temperature, as the further north we go, or the greater altitude the specimens are obtained at, the more blue they will, as a rule, exhibit. Mr. Butler has been led from this cause into naming a boreal form, as a distinct species; a very uncalled for proceeding, only tending to produce further con- fusion, in an already complicated group. ア . ovzentalis has also a boreal form, with smaller and sharper outline, which so far has escaped the lust of this insatiable ‘species maker.’ The males of 7. japonica are very pugnacious; the Alder is their favourite tree, and they sit on its leaves waiting for any passing rival. With regard to 7. smaragdina, I was of opinion that it might possibly be a hybrid, but I now think this can hardly be the case, although I have had as yet, no means of testing the point by breeding: but if it be not a hybrid, we have here another case of ‘duality’ between it and 7. japonica. The best proof that 7. smaragdina is probably not a hybrid, is that it is never found about Yokohama, where both 7. orientalis and 7. japonica are abundant. The xorma/ form of the females of all the four species retains the ancestral dull color, but in 7. japonica there are abnormal forms, particu- larly boreal, having many degrees of bright coloration, although perfectly distinct from the color of the male, whichis green, the female being dze. This last species is therefore evidently in a state of transition. The females of the Difsas group have attained the same amount of coloration as the males. The females of Thecla japonica are undergoing the same process, although the ‘species maker’ has done if his worst to obscure this important fact. ne IB bes} RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 15 38. Thecla arata, Brem, (PI. 4, fig. ro.) Localities—Nikko, Fujisan, Gifu, Yezo. Time of appearance—May to July. This is a very beautiful mountain insect. Both sexes are nearly alike. 39. Thecla attilia, Brem. (PI. 4, fig. 11) Locality 一 Vokohama. Time of appearance 一 May to July. This is the most abundant 72ec/z about Yokohama. The markings on both the upper and under sides vary considerably. In many specimens there is no trace of the greyish white spots on the upper side of the hind wing, and the markings on the under side differ considerably. 40. Thecla enthea, Janson, (PI. 4, fig. 12.) Localities—Nikko, Yezo, Asama-yama. Time of appearance—July. This is not uncommon at Nikko, and is abundant at Asama-yama. 41. Thecla w-aloum, Knoch. (PI. 4, fig. 14.) Strymon fentont, But. Locality 一 Vezo. This Zhecla is common in Yezo, and varies considerably in size. Mr. Butler has unfortunately obtained a rather large specimen, which he has named Strymon fentont. It is figured in the “Aid,” Part. 14, pl. 115. I have several female specimens of 7. w-a/bum which correspond with the figure, and find that the white line on the under side is very variable. 42. Thecla pruni, Linn. (PI. 4, fig. 15.) Locality — Yezo. I have a single example, taken by my collector in Yezo. 43. Thecla mera, Janson, (PI. 4, fig. 16.) Localities—Nikko, Asama-yama. This is a dull-colored and somewhat rare species. 44. Thecla orsedice, But, (Pl. 4, fig. 17.) Localities—Nikko, Ontaki-san, Time of appearance 一 ]uly. 16 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. This Zhecla resembles in the coloration of its sexes a widely different member of the Lycenide, Lycena argiolus. The male is a plain blue, the female is blue with a heavy border of black. The latter is excellently figured in the ‘ Aid,” Part 13, p. ro7. This resemblance of coloration is very remarkable, and is an example of the recurrence of similarity in the ornamentation of the sexes in two widely sepa- rated species of the same group of insects. 45. Thecla ibara, But. (Pl. 4, fig. 18.) Locality —Nikko. I have a single specimen from Nikko. This species is excellently figured in the ‘ Aid,” Part 14, ply ure: 46. Thecla butleri, Fent. (PI. 4, fig. 13.) Locality—Yezo. This is also a rare species, and | have only a single example from Yezo. 47. Thecla siznata, But. (PI. 4, fig. 19.) Locality 一 Yezo. This species is not uncommon in Yezo. I have several specimens; they all vary considerably in the markings on the under side. 48. Thecla frivaldszkyi, Led. (PI. 4, fig. 20.) Locality—Vokohama, Time of appearance—March. This is one of the earliest butterflies to appear. It is far from an uncommon species, but owing to its habits is very likely to be unnoticed by the collector. It has a very rapid flight, and always perches on a high spray, generally having a favourite leaf from which it makes excursions, chasing any passing object until tired, and then returning to its original perch. Only one brood appears during the year, and this very often when the snow is on the ground, 49. Polyommatus phleeas, Linn, (PI. 4, fig. 21.) P. chinensis, Feld. P. elens, Fab. Locality—Yokohama. Time of appearance—March to November. Food plant—Rumex acetosa, Linn. This species varies greatly in size and coloration according to the time of year that it emerges in the 7 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 7 perfect state ; early spring forms are small and brightly colored, often with a row of blue spots on the back margin of the hind wing, but as the temperature increases they become larger and darker until they reach a size nearly twice that of English specimens. During the hot months the males are often 22/2 black, and this continues until the last brood in November ; a difference of 20 miles is, however, sufficient to account for small light-colour males appearing in one locality and black males in another. Some years ago, in this month, z.e. November, I collected the small light-colour males in the neighbourhood of Yoko- hama, and the next day took black males in Boshiu not more than twenty miles from Yokohama, but by working from Boshiu toward the north, through Kadzusa, I found the dark form to be less abundant until at Kanosan they were entirely replaced by the pale form. 50. Lyceena betica, Linn, (PI. 4, fig. 22.) Localities—Yamato, Ogasawara, Yokohama, Ryukyu. Food-plant—a cultivated Leguminous plant like the scarlet runner, but with pinkish-white flowers, Dolichos cultratus (Jap. Fuji-mame). Time of appearance—March (Ogasawara); August, September (Yamato, Ryukyu); October, (Yokohama). This butterfly has a most extensive range, and I have taken it in every Eastern country in which 1 have collected. It is abundant on the Island of Labuan, and also in Ogasawara, and is therefore pro- bably to be found in all the intervening islands wherever its food-plant is cultivated. It is also found in Europe, and is one of the great prizes for the English collector, a few specimens having been taken on the south coast near Brighton. I believe, however, it would soon be no great rarity there if its food-plant were cultivated in suitable localities. It is a very local insect, and seldom voluntarily flies far from its food- plant, to which it is very destructive, the Zarva eating the unfolded leaves and flowers also burrowing into the young pods. It only appears about Yokohama late in the year, at which time its food-plant is in bear- ing, and as this is not much cultivated it is a scarce species there. 51. Lycgena argiades, Pall. (FL 4, fig. 23a, 238.) L. hellotia, Mén. Locality—Yokohama. Time of appearance—March to October. This species is very abundant, and a succession of broods appears during the year; they vary much in size, and female specimens are often to be found with more or less blue on the upper side. 52. Lycaena argia, Men. (PI. 4, fig. 24a, 248.) L. japonica, Murray. (PI. 4, fig. 240.) Locality—Yokohama. Time of appearance—March to November. 18 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. It is not without considerable hesitation that I quash the Rev. Mr. Murray's species. Ihave not yet been able to rear either Z. argia or L. Japonica, and do not even know their food-plant, although the species is most abundant; in uniting them I am guided by the fact that Z. japonica only appears during the spring and autumn, Z. argza during the intervening warm months. 53. Lycenaareus, Linn, (PI. 5, fig. 1a, 1B, 1c.) Teal ieee eat Nikko, Asama-yama, Kuriles (?) Time of appearance—August. In Japan this isa most variable insect according to locality, and there are many forms; some are blue, others almost puce and again others are distinctly greenish-blue. This last form is most interesting, as the males are always nearly as dark as the females, the greenish scales being sparsely scattered towards the base and margin of the fore and hind wings. I havea damaged specimen from the Kurile Islands, which I believe to be this species, captured by Mr. H. J. Snow. I have noticed at Asama-yama three forms within a few hundred feet elevation, but although individual specimens are very distinct, Iam forced to the con- clusion, on examination of a large series, that they are all one species. 54. Lyocena eegon, Schiff. (Pl. 5, fig. 2.) L. micrargus, But. I have a single specimen from the north of the main island. 55. Lycosna argiolus, Linn, (PI. 4, fig. 25a, 258.) Locality—Yokohama. Time of appearance—spring and summer. There are several broods of this insect. While the male is constant, there are two very dissimilar temperature forms of the female; one has a large amount of black on the upper side, the other, which appears generally later, is much brighter. The second brood often exhibits both forms. PI ら y Ss 56. Lyosna lycormas, But, (PI. 5, fig. 34, 3B.) Locality—Yezo. I have only seen this species from Yezo where it is abundant. Some male specimens are almost as dark as the females. 57. Lycena pryeri, Murray, (PI. 5, fig. 16.) Localiues 一 Vokohama, Yezo. Time of appearance—May and June. This is the finest of the blue section of the Japanese Lycaenidae. Unlike the rest it only appears once in the year. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 19 58. Lycena euphemus, Hb, (Pl. 5. fig. 44, 48.) L. kagamoto, Druce. Localities—Fuji-san, Nikko, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—August. This is a mountain insect, and is very variable. Some specimens are all brown, in others blue pre- dominates. 59. Lyccena iburiensis, But. (PI. 5, fig. 5.) Localities—Nambu, Asama-yama. I have only two very worn specimens from Nambu, and one good specimen from Asama-yama. Concerning the LYCAENIDE, there are some very interesting points which may be here mentioned. The first is the remarkable difference between the colour of the sexes of many of the species, forming this group, and I have drawn up a table under the following headings illustrating this fact :— 1. Both sexes alike dull. 5. Male bright, female also bright, but in a less degree. Miletus hamada (2) Thecla orsedice (2) Thecla attilia (1) Lycena argiolus (2) Thecla enthea (1) Lycena lycormas (9) Thecla w-album (1) Lycena betica (2) Thecla prunt (1) 6. Female brighter than the male. Thecla mera (1) Lycena pryert (1) Thecla tbara (1) 7. Both sexes nearly equal amount of color. Thecla butleri (Gi) Lycena ogasawaraensis (?) 2. Male slightly colored, female dull. Amblypodia japonica (1) Niphanda fusca (9?) Amblypodia turbata (?) Lycena euphemus (2) Amblypodia loomist (2) Bt Male bright, female dull. Thecla signata (2) Curetis acuta (1) ッ Thecla arata (1) Lycena argiades (2) Lhecla frivaldsskyt (1) Lyceéna argia (2) Polyommatus phl@as (2) Lyceéna argus (2) 8. Both sexes equally beautiful. Lycena egon (2) Dipsas saepestriata (1) Lycena tburiensts (2) Dipsas lutea (1) 4. Male very brilliant, female dull. Dipsas Jonast (1) Thecla sapharina (1) Thecla japonica (1) Thecla ortentalis (1) Thecla smaragdina (1) Some of the species do not always conform to their respective headings. There are bright and dull female polymorphic forms of 7hecla japonica, and temperature forms of others, such as Polyommatus phieas, the male of which becomes nearly black in the summer, and Lycana euphemus, specimens of which from Yezo are bright, especially the males. 20 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. The second peculiarity which is noteworthy is that the upper and undersides of the wings are utterly different, presenting a startling contrast. This is of great service to them as a protection from their numerous enemies. Ihave often watched a dragon-fly attempt to catch one of the Blues, but never saw a capture made; when in flight the Blue at a distance presents only the impression to the eye, of a blue substance moving along irregularly, but if viewed closer the rapid irregular flight of the insect brings alternately into view, greyish;white and blue (or brown in the female). The dragon-fly makes a succes- sion of dashes at his prey, which, if hard pressed, will settle with closed wings, presenting an entirely new appearance, when the baffled pursuer almost invariably abandons the chase. The third peculiarity is that some of the species are single-brooded, others many-brooded, during the year. In the foregoing table I have placed the figure (1) against the species which only appear once, the figure (2) against those that appear many timesin the year, and (?) against those of which [ haveno information. I have obtained from the table the following result, namely, those that appear once are all without exception tree-feeders, and those that appear many times feed on low plants or creepers; after studying the structure and habits of the Zarvzw of many of the species, I find that they are very slow in their movements, and all have very small heads, with weak jaws, and can only feed on young fresh leaves. The trees they feed on only throw out new leaves regularly in the spring, but low plants and creepers grow all the year, from early spring until late in the autumn; therefore, the tree-feeding species can only obtain their food, in a fit stage for eating, ozce in the year, and are necessarily single-brooded ; those which feed on lows plants can do so from March to October, and are therefore many-brooded. ‘This law, however, cannot be applied to other genera which have powerful jaws, and appear only once in the year and the fact of such being only single-brooded depends upon other circumstances, namely, either the structure, coloration, or habits of the zmago, which may render them especially liable to be captured by what I term “general enemies’? such as bats, spiders, and dragon-flies. Thus with the Hyberniadae, which always appear in the zzzggo, and lay their eggs in the winter months. These eggs soon hatch, and the /arva feeds up for a short time and then changes to pupa, remaining in this stage all the summer, autumn, and until the next winter. I think the reason is obvious. All the female Hyberniadz are either apterous or only have wings incapable of flying, whilst the ma/es, although they have very largely developed wings, are somewhat clumsy fliers, rendering them very liable to capture by dragon-flies, if disturbed in the day time, or to become entangled in the nets of spiders at night; we therefore find them only appearing tn the perfect state when tt ts too cold for any of these enemies. Again Tzniocampz, which are strong robust moths, only appear in the spring; these have the habit of buzzing about trees, and they would be rapidly exterminated if they appeared later on, when spiders’ webs cover every bush and bats are abundant. I believe that when the life-history of any insect is attentively studied, we shall be able to assign the reason of its single or multiple appearance accurately. RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 21 Family PIERIDA2—-Continued (see Page 10.) Terias biformis, H. Pryer, T. bethesba. Janson. (PI. 2, Fig. 11.) 7. leta. Boised. (PI. 2, Fig. 10.) Since publishing what is written in page 1o, Ihave, on conjunction with Mr. Nawa, of Gifu, made an extremely interesting and important discovery. It is that 7. dethesba is the summer form, and T. deta the winter form, of one and the same species. This was quite unexpected. Both Mr. Nawa and myself saw female 7. dethesbe depositing their eggs on Cassia mimosoides. From these eggs we reared many specimens of 7. Zefa, but not a single individual bearing the most remote resemblance to the parent form 7. dethesba. 1 have, however, reared a single specimen from these éethesba ova, which strongly resembles the hecabe form of 7. multiformits, and it is therefore probably a hybrid. The outline of the wing of 7. Zeta is pointed, that of Z. dethesba rounded, and the former is a much larger insect than the latter. I have proposed the name of TZerias biformis to unite these two forms. The form 7. /zZ2 is only seven days in the pupa, but lives for eight months in the 2777 7 の state, during which time it hybernates for from four to five months. On page ro I state that 7. / を 7 appears from March to November; this I now see is an error, the reverse being nearer the truth. It appears last in the year in November-December and emerges from its hybernation first in March. I was misled by this fact, not knowing the insect’s life-history, into making the statement that different broods of 7. deta lived from March to November. The Zeta form emerges in the zmago during the first week in September, or, exceptionally, during the last few days of August, from ova laid by the Jdethesba form in August, taking a remarkably short time to complete its metamorphosis. The /e¢a form does not com- mence to hybernate before November. It hybernates during the cold winter months, but the first warm days in March awaken it; specimens may be seen flying about until May, when they deposit their ova, which produce the dethesba form in July. A most interesting problem concerning these two forms remains to be solved; what is the reason for or benefit gained by this extraordinary change, which is, I think, without parallel among Lepidoptera ? Family LEMONIIDE. 60. Libythea lepita, Moore. (FI. 5, fig. 13) Localities—Yokohama, Nikko, Vezo. Food-plant—Celtis sinensis, Pers. Time of appearance—July to May. There is only one brood of this butterfly. It is the longest lived, in the perfect state, of any of the Lepidoptera. It emerges from the pupa early in July, and lives until the following May. It retires to its. 22 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. hybernaculum soon after its emergence, and remains quiescent until the following March, when it is awakened by the first warm day and may then be seen depositing its eggs on the unopened buds of the Celtis. The pupa is suspended by the tail after the manner of a Vanessa. It varies considerably in markings and size. Family NYMPHALIDE. 61. Dichorragia nesimachus, Boisd. (PI. 5, fig. ro ) Localities—Nikko, Tosa, Niigata. Time of appearance—June to July. This is a mountain insect, and the male is not uncommon. The female is decidedly rare, and is somewhat larger than the male. 62. Apatura ilia, Schiff. (PI. 5, fig. 9.) Var. clytie, Schiff. A. here, Feld. A. substituta, But. Localiues 一 Tokyo, Asama-yama, O-yama. Food-plant—Salix. Time of appearance—July to September. This most beautiful butterfly is very capricious, and, although not uncommon in Tokyo, is almost un- known in Yokohama. It delights in flying round the tops of tall willow trees, now and again descending to moist spots in the roadway or settling on the leaves of its favourite tree. The green pupa mimics a young willow leaf, both in shape and color. It varies greatly in intensity of color according to locality, and is more abundant on the mountains than in the plains. 63. Euripus charonda, Hew, (PI. 5, fig. 6.) Localiies—Yokohama, Chichibu, Yamato. ‘Time of appearance.—July. This grand insect is not uncommon, but is very difficult to obtain perfect. I have often seen several dozens in a day without being able to secure a single specimen. It is quite fearless, and the male has a favourite stand, often on the summit of a tall tree, from which it sallies forth and attacks any passing bird or insect, returning to its perch after it has chased the intruder away. Almost the only way to obtain it is to find an oak or chesnut which has been attacked by the boring Cossus or Hfepialus, the fomenting sap from their burrows being very attractive to it. Each individual generally has its favourite tree to which it descends to suck the flowing sap and fight the other insects which also crowd such attractive spots. Within the space of a few feet on the bole of a tree it may often be seen in company with two or «three enormous Hornets and a crowd of Lethe sicelis, Stag, and other Beetles, which it buffets with RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 23 its wings until its imperial claims are acknowledged. If capture be missed the first time patience is needed as it will in the course of an hour or so surely return. It has a very large flat pupa, of a beautiful light green color. Ihave had many broods of eggs, and have tried the newly hatched /arve with every possible tree, but could never induce them to feed. 64. Euripus japonica, Feld. (Pl. 5, fig. 8.) Locality—Yokohama. Food-plant—Celtis sinensis, Pers. Time of appearance—June, August, October. This insect appears twice in the year, and may often be seen flying round trees, especially Celtis, on which it feeds. Like 2. charonda, it is very fond of frequenting the mouths of the burrows of Cossus and other destructive internal feeding Lepidoptera and Coleoptera which so commonly attack the oak, chesnut, and willow trees in this country. The Zarva hybernates on the bark of the twigs of the tree, and is then grey, but as soon as the leaves appear in the spring it changes its skin and becomes green. It is of the usual Apatura tapering cylindrical shape, with strongly bifurcated head. 65. Limenitis populi, Linn. (PI. 5, fig. 7.) Locality—Yezo, During the year 1882 my collector took several specimens in the Island of Yezo. [have not seen it since from any other locality. 66. Limenitis sibylla, Linn, (PI. 5, fig. 15.) Localities—Yokohama, Fuji-san, Nikko, Food-plant—Lonicera japonica, Thun. Time of appearance—June, August. This species varies considerably in size and in the white markings of the upper side. 67. Cyrestis thyodamas, Boisd. (PI. 5, fig. 14.) Localities—Yamato, Satsuma. Time of appearance—August. In the year 1876, while descending the mountain Omine-san-jo, towards Kashiwagi, I was much sur- prised to see a solitary specimen of this species, which, with some difficulty, I secured. Last year my collector again saw this species, with which he is well acquainted, at Kagoshima, but unfortunately did not effect its capture. South of Japan, in the Ryukyu Islands, it is not uncommon. 24 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 68. Neptis aceris, Lep. (Pl. 6, fig. 1.) N. intermedia, W. B. Pryer. Localities— Yokohama, Nikko, Asama-yama. Time of appearance—June, August. This is the most abundant species of the group, and may often be seen gracefully sailing along with out-stretched wings in places where the sun does not strike too powerfully. Japanese specimens of this species can be generally recognized from those of the tropics by being darker-coloured on the underside. 69. Neptis excellens, But. (PI. 6, fig. 2.) Localities—Nikko, Asama-yama, Fuji-san, Yezo. ‘Time of appearance—July. This is a rarity, and I have only seen single specimens from each of the above named localities. 70. Neptis pryeri, But. (PI..6, fig. 3.) Localities—Fuji-san, Asama-yama, Nikko. Time of appearance— July. This is a mountain species, but this year I was somewhat surprised to see a solitary example in the neighbourhood of Yokohama. 71. Neptis alwina, Brem and Grey. (PI..6, Hg.4.) Localities—Nikko, Asama-yama, Niigata. Time of appearance—July. This is the largest of the family, and is not uncommon in the mountains. 72. Neptis lucilla, Schiff. (PI. 6, fig. 5.) N. ludmilla, Herr.—Schaff. Localties—Nikko, Asama-yama, Yezo. Time of appearance—July. The specimen from which the figure is drawn is from Yezo and has a greater amount of white than is usual with those from the South. 73. Vanessa levana, Linn, (PI. 5, fig. 12.) Localties—Nikko, Tosa, Yezo. ‘Time of appearance.—July. This species is very variable in size, shape, color, and markings. Some specimens are black marked with white, others with both white and red. It has two or more broods in the course of year. In habits, marking, and flight, it resembles a Limenitis. bo On RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 74. Vanessa burejana, Brem, (VPI. 5, fig. 11.) V. strigosa, But. Tocalities—Nikko, Yezo. Time of appearance—May. The remarks concerning the preceding species apply also to this; it is very variable in size, shape, colour, and markings. Ihave specimens from 12 to 14% inch. 75. Vanessa c-album, Linn, (PI. 6, fig. 6A., 6B.) . fentoni, But. V. hamigera, But. Localities-—Nikko, Asamayama, Yezo. ‘Lime of appearance 一 August. Very variable in shape, markings, and in the colour of the underside. I have a series of 21 speci- mens, no two of which are alike. The coloration of the underside varies from black to red. Some specimens resemble the autumn brood of V. c-aureum, Linn. 76. Vanessa v-album, Hubn.? (PI. 6, fig. 9.) V. l-album, Esp. Localities—Nikko, Yezo. Time of appearance—August. Iam rather doubtful about the name of this insect. In Mr. Elwes’ list of the Butterflies of Amurland, North-China, and Japan (Proc. of the Zoo. Soc. Nov. 15, 1881), the following note is given on V. /-album. “Only seen from the Ussuri and from Japan, where it seems rare. The Japanese insect seems inter- mediate between the European and the American form known as V. j-a/bum; but probably the latter is not really separable. Mr. Strecker says that the European and American forms cannot be separated.” 77. Vanessa c-aureum, Linn, (PI. 6, fig. 7a, 78.) V. angelica, Cr. V. pryert, Janson. Localities—Yokohama, Vezo. Food-plants—Hemp (Cannabis sativa, L.) and Wild Hop (Humulus japonicus, S. & Z.). ‘Time of appearance— This species varies considerably according to temperature. V. angelica is the summer form, V’. pryert the winter form, which hybernates. 26 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 78. Vanessa xanthomelas, Schiff. (Pl. 6, fig. 10.) Locality—Yokohama. Food-plants—Willows and Celtis sinensis, Pers. Time of appearance—August to April. Very abundant about Yokohama. It feeds on Willows, but is more often found on the Celtis, large trees being frequently completely stripped of leaves by the /arve. Only one brood appears during the year, and the perfect insect hybernates. 79. Vanessa urtice, Linn, (PI. 6, fig. 8.) V. butleri, Fenton. Locality—Yezo. Time of appearance— This species is common in Yezo; I have not yet found it on the main island. 80. Vanessa io, Linn, (PI. 6, fig. 11.) Localities—Yezo, Niigata Nikko, Usui-toge. Time of appearance—June, July. Mr. J. M. Leech remarks concerning this species (P.Z.S. 1887, p. 241): "Not very common in Central Japan, where it keeps to the mountains, but plentiful in Yesso and Korea.’’ 81. Vanessa antiopa, Linn, (PI. 7, fig. 1.) Localities—Nikko, Yezo. Time of appearance—August to May. Common at Nikko and in Yezo; not found away from the mountains. 82. Vanessa cardui, Linn. (PI. 7, fig. 2.) Localities— Yokohama, Maibashi, Yezo. Food-plant—Plume thistles (Cnicus). Time of appearance—August, Septembr, November. Rare in the neighbourhood of Yokohama. 83. Vanessa callirhoé, Fab. (Pl. 7, fig. 3.) Papilio atalanta indica, Herbst. Localities—Yokohama, Vezo. Food-plant 一 Bocehmeria nivea, Hook and Arn. Time of appearance—January, March, August, November. Many broods appear in the course of the year. I have had them emerge from the pupa in January. It is very common about Yokohama. RHOP. NIHONICA Nell RHOR NIHONICA Ps uy — a q Fr R _ 1 . 上 + 1 = t U . i is if ni A 7 ‘ - 中 月 RHOP. NIHONICA Fi. & 読 チ nt 載 acA り a AS 中 BL 2 山 國 cok St ob R (7) | | RR bh eT RD Rm ベツ = > (HR VY RR to Bw) merPEemi Bedi tr dS. #EStr ayginwrnNnNnnwse ピ 人 ト bh お / 全 A BR Avs > (RY SRI] BD) wae # Re eY Sa RR 乱 Tmt oe-4— | mm nm od eh Rh eR = SHO KR RO CR AY RR I BB) RNNIN NG Ree Ge i see a いり Si BH SRSLRH 6 € An 月 WH) a y ye ou Sm t K wr A arn OA Mra RES NM Bme 和 IN Ko YD A =|< 和 時 N 9 DR ト h ob Ro ROD A a” = He it’ Wit SAR x mi cm m = MMA Ra RR + = how EN eK ot KK BN VR Rh BTR At RS ド we Fea me 引 Be*sREDMs wear RRA Hats 7 ユ = SENS Rs Kmryr Met =t1 fs = 4 ラス no (RR AS Dare) (RI ER ="nN fH A + A AT ASTON HE Me ti gs ee > CR R+ ] B) tec tyre SR + ) wike B44 hk Ee | HE» ] B で eS oS の 】 @] fz i] mB + NNSNI RoI ese | een Wei] > » 斑 (4) (Gea) mR GN Ret へ bt > BW ヽ SAA 1 く m isp WK Do fe や A H aA | Bh dd fl «<[N bP > 居 ava 4 DRAKE Bo R -— mH S&S RAASIN KER EB 加 『 に < 本 思 = WK A A & BRE mB cpr RD - AK = 1H Yo PR Ae (CR RS) s’H KN Y aa SS BR UK + «KRM + 1 e+ | mee oR oN eS Hs RNA SRN AD ELVRSE Kn KRM BA LTA ia N a(# 1 on a RoKk ts KCnrHNnA BHR vr Ke KB -R AHR TIA OK BN AK ABRARHKEREEBESBAA EF AN さく > OX 1 Bla x Foe FN WM RN ® aL aK A DS Bows Be Ka BK RACK RB) すこ 4D CR RY <5) 竹 2» ( 四 七 ) 其 ff 分 ア 4 産 i) 地 所 所 cS ND hk aoe) (RR BRT ax RK 1 BARE Boni] BR 6 le i & te RT S = 4 CR Sik Nee ee ea 2» に に BRA 1 RS RK +e +Rernwy eh A や 32= 2 RK Sy atk や ーー ING ASN 2229 間 wR Pe 1] #8) KN = tk MS Henk * 内 Vibe em Bi’ sé DE ™ 4 Bk ne y 1 % 2 Tov W& end s mas 2a. aa. KR RE KS 7 iid 1) it ( 〇 も ) 此 種 2» (21) iE “3 其 カン 7 レン NH # KN や AS MN A KOK mR mw oS! で tr > we. Mi RK A K7N か で HS HR OA tH SY HE am we Ym 版 た を us Is J 及 Mi nf Whe | (38 1 #2 トー う & il ley tN 2 ] 1< 思 WwW A 1 oo hm BRN Ba Rn & A 避 wen KR RLPEM ss BeBQd Ew Be vy SF ナ v ee wv ラ Y リ マン FPN 第 TL We aR + 1H BB) Hr QvnK Bi mraMdNrn Kt Wd + WR AK ROK’ PRP TM RP KR て X + (RE BB+ EB) om woe RMBs nm eS KRRI' Ke AaAevRAN BH 所 a プ ブ ie y 4 ce \ で し D + SP ot B+ x 評 A で CY eH Su haw A Bs 1 8 su oy, iY uls FTR * wee. Sw = ーー am ee * めい ヽ & (vg 4) に の) 3e 【 NU 明 せ * NN で く a Ld \ awe St 1 mS a < | wa ih S KF os ‘ery «ys ule \ np a SY S eS AS ae ES BmYe Nw « 4 mz “I SS MA 人 y w w > » や SN n x mmoywv ow (275) (RY pF Ee HE ALL ey if Siw son NM Cu 隊 3 WE 柳 ww キ (i) カン aN 5 ee, | 生 a) $A Sensei nr Ril B@rv0SBi Bore = S 1@R RAN RAS + Re CSRAE FI RRA RNA + fe 4K Noi on Ba CORRE SRAM BNHAWae KH HK ARARN SN ~h- & ゝ s sy QR -— (RE SF Bt+ il SB) mn ASD ED い コ re 2) Bt 》> oh KR BN OR eG ee 4 se 中 7 BR y や セ 月 ヨ り 区 KK RD ews BK a kh ey Bm 4 Y で 月 = iit 4 uv if ア NEB 1 BRK A BRK RIB CTD AN bh HIN BN 加 ク ke 部 ZL V NNR od sa RKC Rov yee + Kn Pv Br_asegne ュ Fe Ble = AKL NK MLS RR N DS Pn > AFIN = A ZS 1 SHAY es SPs ads MR 1 > kK MER = Biller vr pn wn Beo Kn K = HN wo SMe Pp op xP neds f wn BE oF Rw \[R'R PK LIN PB 1 Dorr BAPAwYPnN nS tan Kar anf Raw KISTO R CIN PE 1 wae SEAR w 2d eon Sry = od eo 6 Re NT Rm Bod KTNS A RR VY RA KJ A ce ed r# Yom anReDa ebBrowtoarnractrAmbsvet BmA KBE +1 RSS 8 AS mm e+ | MP ww a wo iamnRa eh BH 1 eK aN KI HRenwbhBrsAIse Wes SHMBE wR KR rp MR BA RAwayrvnk BSnRsnNK Se dw iwmme + | mr re HHnvr an BR RwwWAt Hse a b Sr? K , IR Hn weed wea EMH mw = Be ds we dk BRS 1 NAD fReRoa RRMA RER SBA 1 KR mn e-FaSt1 RLS dh HA vfs BX SE KMMREE Bn SranmreS > Hoo moa KCIONSE RBnSSBARL A? PNG く (11) ヽ &B Bes rp NRA HN ESRC RN RIE RRN SRNR SOB mA BH CRA PBR Hy Re BS 2 7 PN 6 Bae N 6 AR TM Kak XN BOAR NER NA 1 «KS \ PRM s SSI rs 庄 | ABR RABEL Brie nBRes ere 2» Plt C=] 〔 四 ) RNR A YP OR Noi Su hy cee LON an Ao es QR _ IN へ 1N Si Cay ON Nea ene ae Neos 4 1 ge) A = NEA wR 一 7NTK SS 8H ON & S # fas OK TR + D> SS BONA Toa T RR A SN >) Soa NTA ys Ae Soh Sean fas A WaRESE QR WP ト KR は ae Ney 7 レ ノミ (JNN 0 a) eS) C(t) [ 八 〕 ポ り カレ リン wy +1] (=) i SE c ak nv ao Ky Kv MORK ARS eSRBRrraAKvrrnr as ESBS B\ Bi AK if ] BRS Suva vein a rx Teo (RAFRAAKA GSE NEL) inal eee > mHaoro LPREBVesy = 5 Km We ¢ Sh wo mm we MB ek RN eK Ae KR oa hr Be BAN BOHN id ' =a ; ta 1 Sow av ATS Ke dm A > KK テー CR RS BD) 4 産 地 i a rss 間 山 PN vy a 】 Kh vi 9 BK AMA BO ee OR! ORB KY ぅ ゅ Rl) ! RRMA SRN DR Roe WR A AM eR RHR RRP RAN N Bena kF-iw*nPeanr gv a 7 ハ tony . lem 1 Bon = HSeEBesRe 1 +s Hh SWR ヒン ニン 4 NN m SR KEK PY &® 1] PX NM SA や RN (a Ss = co ゃ SR_ INR や ら KN ] IN マ a マリ トト A や か hh OK 1] Ww WY 此 地 5 ジ m 北 トク 及 チ fe id ni bili Lye Ife iM 2’ Hy yw | ル hh ie fi ら ) y HX RR = | ; cae 2n 7 レン yw y ( > cy a § WK Nj mom = RW 1 Aa th Se a) m OW ON eS eee Db を BF 1 R’ i] moms vy Rn @w elas ass ote E a Nm 1 @1 RR 窒 い AIN HB IS 十 m Rot + 1 &} h ROA A P 一 Ss 一 +1 R > & A Hw 1 Rit & Ww #2 do yp AOR BAK AN er ee eee >a RL bh IN K Eon ie x 具 a 貞 VA ok m™ &E [iN ex mA = eR 神 AN -{% eX じ iw ie % in HRE a th 46 i tt He 4 < KK 1 +s Tm HA al NR HH owl iN” ae 明 種 (O#) ME ク 祭 カ カン El 何 地 ト RE 到 ae OS n 7 TR セ っ ヽ シ 7 フレ Ww Ww 480K oe 然 フレ =o BRB ED’ ) 川 @ kh 6 MO ae BRR SPINS OW 4’R A DM NH KKH T eR mo Wk + A BR HRS RAN ERS KA 6 WS ABR Th mS NSPS EBT ABR I RA KSRANRE'1 RATNER ARKH = Now KON RS (RE SR TL KD 7 レン tel NO = = | TPE me xy a Re 6d SN eVR TFB Both Re N?°K > © Soin 4 A + (RE RR + hl] BS) CWiwn re nN gd ak RK S )] Bn Brn YP Bw aww aD ( 七 四 ) Nestea AK R+ Qw) 3S 2 itl Se i) As a2 宗 i SO 3) BPs Ee ip く mows a PAN “w2 < 28 Noite SS Gey 1 へ 8 A 2 py WS IN?R BEAT Kom om y J s+ = pond (RAS Rt+ 1 男 ) Heep BWve tran RR RK 1 Wo RVrne B VRE + HP kK oF NOV A PONS SA nV RENE Yr 1 QR K RR IN? R TP ate wR AN eee horn a Wor dec NMM の M1 Wo aK *K + Nv PATH HD Sx aly rn nen rer arn Wm N°oR A 1 — le DA RNR KR 0H > e WM AS へ ハバ GR ES ak, ge t+- 1) B) y ibs ak IN g@ yp =(4 s |x 2 ~ BF & + HB) Hm. ek He ii ~’E+LAE ro Rew mtA As < + K+ a B m+ Ri Kes x Ol ok OS OBR IB ON BSR. K y > KIX PD if っ ヽ Ww 2 ) 属 hh LIE s+ Pe ふう £ YD 男 ) HU em < El 1 a2 Ww a REE s a iio \ Fant x fee) = 4 GEE) 2» Jn 大 スハ ri オ り x B I り ン モ I レ ms 第 四 We 第 八 人 B i deo RON HE aA es Ni ii (RA SRRAAA) Se. EZ2RN Ae ak RP HR Bn CReeRr arateRn SON H a NN Ne NPS FIN I BN SK EK RB @gdse sp v NK FN ils £€R BPE .HRON KR ARB A BR SK BR i wE Sele SMR eS \ IRE Ae BRK RBA ERAN Bo wa eX i Sv QI. Po ORVNKR I BrOVSRs PBR aI (css 2 a 7. | 制 He レア 4 xn ッ ト ラ 氏 此 理 th ah is 北 Ti 形 JN Ut fi} ) (ag AD stow SIS FRR oh BRN BBR = Bs 6 ow ee A * ペア ュー AN RIED m+ > Hh BR KR KI) Bn Be > ae HS SRE NIE RY BRP NA Re Bas Ha mM wd = KTH NES 1 Ra CRB i adit vn Bey a Bans Ra we RR & SRS 1 SBR KANO ORS RRYV awn eNom Bk et x OK Go of} oh om KR MEEIN wo a in SIS N WE 1 Ra MWe Gs Bs vod R VIR N SSR Bee ak BR aN wwe rd KH BAN , SRR SA RON K APN + RBS SKA 1 BH eH < ~R]rranresercE®) Br eto-r arn Kes Bwr Fas Sus DMR ANWR Br a er he oe me KR Re HE 人 4: Pr 同 Ae 相 fs ae Ke テ Ac ay 2. モ 7 & y een Sos (RA id 第 ー『 ノヽ ュ i A B ) (@= i 4 産 期 産 Hj 地 地 サ HE qe ア sR RA -(R A cEXS + AR Rou OD ($k El & (RE FRE B) i $k 1] Ge) m™ OK oR 11] 画 ) SRE NR ORL OR ~ 4 の INCU 6 paration for the press of the unpublished portion of this Work was undertaken by JAMES BIssE his intimate friend and business associate. The descriptions from No. 30 (Niphanta fusca, Brem. and Gray) to No. 74 (Vanessa burejana Brem.) inclusive, were found in type, the final proofs of the greater part having received the Autho proval. The Notes on Collecting and Nomenclature (which will appear in Part IIL.) were also fo din tee type, ready for printing. The remainder of the text has been completed from the two eee (1.) The Author's own outline of the whole Work, which includes the names, synonyms, local ties, food plants, and time of appearance, interspersed with notes. * ¢ : = (2:) The Author’s Paper in the Transactions of the Asiatic SG of jaa CN Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Japan,” read May, 1883. All the figures down to Plate No. 7, inclusive, were found ready for publication, whi st al the original coloured drawings for Plates Nee 8, 9, and 10, were in the REoDNSPS hands under contra so for execution as speedily as possible. % Mr. Bisset has to thank Mr. Loomis and Mr. MANLey for the assistance they have kindly afforded him in preparing the work for publication. The Japanese translation is the work of Mr. Nee of the Tokyo Educational Museum, to whom the Author had entrusted this branch of the ious Se It is believed that the whole Work is as ; complete as the Author DD em ided yn itis feared that some valuable information in the way of additi the latter portion of the text may have perished with him. 7 ied Tr + li eee : i) J - : | | c ee PL een Thre o- atl a 7 『 や % La Mr a ai - j 1 6 » . 7 i : ber! ー | | f ; : - . "0 0 7 6 . : *s | ) ar” | 。 うい e で 8 | ? Py ; ‘ * a | | | 4 - ー | | | | , * . - | 5 ‘ J _ a : . | | fagel : | * 5 | | | | * = 4 | ぇ | WM Be | | | . a 6 ォ ; * っ Pr 3 _ ー ho | . * W | i : 7 | | 4 ‘ . rm . . 1 . é ma | . a } | A ‘ | み ‘7 . ‘ *” . | 1 き : | | | | - «= * ty 4. ! | | | 4 | Ji fo ** ' We ‘ | | | “ | 8 * | | e 9 4 | ’ ? | | P > " ‘ ; | | ) 本 | ' . a . 4 | | | i a «9 ae Y い 9 ’ ま ’ e ‘ . * % ? *. 7 ’ | | | ‘ | 6 w | | ® すい まき | | “ | | ‘ 7 a i ~ ‘ ; a ; . , | き 7 ? を | 6 u - : の ‘ . ‘ ¥. | * ま C の » a | | | fa ’ a F ae し 1 wy 4 | | ‘ 2 i < .* 2 | | +. | | | oa - | | 。 ! 半 _- | * ‘ et i a? | | 6 | | a | ‘ a | ; / * | : | | . . i | . ao 1 : ' ' 7 ’ ' a | . 4 チ . | 7 . ' | き . の 人 ' * ‘ oe | ‘ J ‘ | | a? の | | | | に | に * | | | ~ 7 | Lae , | | : 7 | ; * Ps | ; : | を * , | ve | | 回 | | | _ ーー ow * | 3 @ | W i a i yi : D nae rd 6 H MD 1 ‘ , * al 日 1 = wp い + \t ? a > 1) mate. ay \ \ で eee oe Fey ‘ ce \ + - 所 U . se ' — _ 『 : . H mi hh t : 7 』 - ' 1 9 F = i i ・ i - av ry a ‘ 1 に B . _ 1 a4 er ' ao に す t MM ‘ at vi it we ih COC CC, GS EEE EE — ンジ" os Ke GCE GG 7 < Ke Kee. O_O GE ES mS EC CEE ( lish ーー ジーン 2 し し と っ a gy KE Oe WY Be REE EE, ー ミミ < EEG ( . 3 << ニー ニン" ニー / 44 ws ) ws ュ ー ト ーー F [A ahise = 5 っ の SA! ア N a NS ee ン ノ ング 2 SS 2 ニー ニョ ーー ンク ググ ィ 【C( ; € ee = = t BaP = SSS G 7 ーー : ~ ( iS ’ ‘ H f (6 = Ss AEN ラン ーー き KG : ラグ グー 信 と == : ~ ーー fi ss = SS = AWW ORR “OC: & 《 NN i.e oo —— こ NN レン ‘ i < NO 、 0 Wg Ce SS RS の SN へ ¥ Sa ON Poss — ee FOREN RANG, = SSA ces ノ \ の 、 (a a 3 oe ‘ A - い % (i a さき SS し Sa « Ce Gr (fy own © プア て < Wo ac SS SA ~ A = EE