1

RHYNCHOPHORA

OR

WEEVILS

OF

North Eastern America

BY

W. S. BLATCHLEY AND C. W. LENG

o
m

CD

Rhynchophora or Weevils

OF

North Eastern America

BY

W. S. BLATCHLEY and C. W. LENG

"Their shape would make them, had they bulk and size,
More hideous foes than fancy can devise;
With helmet heads and dragon scales adorned,
The mighty myriads now securely scorned,
Would mock the majesty of man's high birth,
Despise his bulwarks, and unpeople earth."

Acjieta Domestica, 1851.

1916

The Nature Publishing Company
INDIANAPOLIS

EARLY REFERENCES TO WEEVILS.

THERAPONTIGONTJS. — "Where now shall I find curculio, the parasite?"
CAITADOX. — "In some wheat with greatest ease I'll make you find five
hundred curculios."

Plait tux. — "Curculio, or the Forgery." About 19G B. C.

"The wheat which is not turned is eaten with wiuels."

Guevara, Letters, 1577.

"About this time it chanced a pretty secret to be discouered to preserw
their come from the fly or weauell, which did in a manner as much hurt
as the rats."

Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II, 1G1.

INTRODUCTION.

This work was begun by the senior author, W. S. Blatchley,
as a continuation or supplement to his ''Coleoptera or Beetles of
Indiana," published in 1910. After about one-third of the manu-
script had been completed the junior author, Chas. W. Leng,
wrote that he had a similar work in progress on the Atlantic-
Coast species of Rhynchophora and proposed that the two works
be combined and the geographical scope enlarged so as to include
the United States and Canada east of the Mississippi River. After
due consideration the arrangement of a joint authorship was
agreed upon, the works as begun were merged, enlarged and
mostly rewritten, and the book as issued is the result.

The only other general work on the weevils or snout beetles of
the region covered by this book is that entitled "The Rhyncho-
phora of America North of Mexico," issued in 1876 by LeConte
& Horn. This work is now out of print and difficult to obtain.
While excellent in its plan and scope, its most serious defect is
that many species described by Say, Schonherr, LeConte and
other authors previous to 1876 are not redescribed but only men-
tioned and their synonymy cited, thus compelling the student to
search through many additional works in order to name his
species.

As in the "Beetles of Indiana," the primary object of the au-
thors has been to furnish to students and tyros in Entomology a
simple manual which would enable them in the most direct way
possible to arrange, classify and determine the scientific names
of the weevils in their collections. With this object constantly in
view many statements relating to synonymy and many of the sub-
divisions in use by other authors have been omitted in order to
render the work less technical and more easily followed by the
beginner.

Following the plan adopted in the "Beetles of Indiana," keys
to families, subfamilies, tribes, genera and species have been made
an important part of the present work. These keys are based on
the more salient or easily recognized characters separating the
divisions to which they pertain. In most instances, to avoid repe-

4 RHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

tition and save space, these characters are not re-mentioned in the
descriptions which follow, and the keys should therefore alirtiys
~be itxr<I in connection iritJi fJic descriptions. Moreover, it should
be remembered that the characters used and statements made both
in keys and descriptions are to be considered as applying only to
those species occurring in the territory covered by this work.
They may be, and in general are, capable of much wider applica-
tion but it is not safe to assume that such is the case.

Following the description of each species are notes on its dis-
tribution, food habits, etc. The general range or area of distri-
bution given is based not only on the personal collecting of the au-
thors in Florida and their own and adjoining states, but also on
the specimens which they have examined in other cabinets and on
the published local lists cited in the Bibliography as well as
manuscript lists furnished by a number of persons. While it has
been the aim to verify, where possible, the names of all doubtful
species included in these lists, it has not always been possible to do
so and the range as given, especially where it extends beyond our
territory, is to be considered as open to correction. The dates of
occurrence as given are usually the earliest and latest at which
the species has been noted in the locality cited and do not there-
fore necessarily show the actual time of its appearance or disap-
pearance.

The measurements are given in millimeters or decimals there-
of. Since the beak of a weevil is often deflexed or folded be-
neath the body, the measurement has been taken only from the
front margin of the eye or head to the tips of the elytra or pygi-
dium where the latter extends beyond the elytra.

The number in parenthesis before the name of each species is
that of the Henshaw "List of the Coleoptera of America North of
Mexico" or the Third Supplement to the same.

The classification used is mainly that of LeConte & Horn in
the work above cited, modified where necessary by the recent
studies of Casey, Hopkins, Pierce and cerhiin European authors.
The descriptions have been written as far as possible from the
specimens themselves, in connection with the original descrip-
tions. In the Scolytido* this has not always been possible, and
the descriptions in that family are in part compilations from
preceding works.

No effort has been spared to secure accuracy in identifica-
tions, the senior author having visited Cambridge, New York.
Philadelphia and Washington for the purpose of comparing

INTRODUCTION. 5

doubtful specimens with the types, and with those of the larger
public and private collections. Little attempt has, however, been
made to reduce to synonymy the more feebly differentiated forms
previously described for, in the present stage of our knowledge
of the life history of many species, personal opinion would nec-
essarily be the principal guide in such action, and of insufficient
weight to justify arbitrary declaration. The principal synonyms
necessary to connect this with preceding works on the Rhyn-
chophora are given and the extent of the information available
as to each species is indicated in the data accompanying the dis-
tribution.

In the division of the work of preparing the manuscript the
senior author has prepared all the keys and descriptions except
in Bahi nin us and Scolytidae, and has reviewed the entire work.
The illustrations and proof reading have also had his personal
attention. The majority of the new species have been described
by him, are signed ( W. X. /?. ) and are to be accredited to him
alone. The junior author has supplied the key and descriptions
of the species of BaJaiiiiins, much of the matter relating to the
distribution of the Atlantic Coast species, especially in Ceuto-
rhynchini, the primary divisions into the subfamilies and tribes,
as well as the chapters on Scolytida? and the Bibliography. The
species which he hasv described and signed (C. W. L.) and two
which have been communicated by Dr. Hopkins and signed
(A. D. H.) are to be accredited to each of these authors respec-
tively. Unless otherwise stated the types of the new species are
in the private collection of their author.

The principal works used in preparing the pages that follow
are listed in the Bibliography at the end of the book. The taxo-
nomic works used for each tribe are also always mentioned, as
in the "Beetles of Indiana,'11 at the commencement of our
treatment of the tribe or other subdivision. Following the
name of each species, however, the text gives usually only
the name, or its abbreviation, of the author and date and page
of his original description, the full title of the work where
it appeared being given in the Bibliography. A number of
short papers, treating mainly of economic phases, have been
omitted ; these will be found in the Bibliography of Eco:
nomic Entomology by Samuel Henshaw and Nathan Banks.

The work of preparing these pages has been a pleasant task
to the authors, the specimens recalling many scenes and inci-

6 RHYNCHOPIIORA OF NORTH EASTERN AM ERICA.

dents attending- their capture, for most of the species treated
have been personally collected. As we discussed together the
minutia? of classification, interruptions caused by memories of
the swamps and rocks of Labrador and Newfoundland, the woods,
rivers and lakes of Indiana, or the pine regions and hammocks of
Florida, would disturb the work, for we could not entirely forget
the living forms in our study of their dead remains.

The universal kindness we encountered from many old friends
as the work progressed also added greatly to the pleasure of the
task. It may be hard to single out a few to specially thank for
their help, but we cannot omit Dr. Leland O. Howard, Mr. Samuel
Henshaw and Dr. Henry Skinner, who each permitted the examin-
ation of valuable specimens in their care; Mr. Andrew J. Mutchler
who, by permission of Dr. Frank E. Lutz, never wearied in work-
ing out bibliographical tangles through his knowledge of the
books in the American Museum library. A host of private col-
lectors have sent us distribution data and specimens for examin-
ation ; among them Messrs. Win. T. Davis, Lewis P>. Woodruff,
Ernest Shoemaker, Geo. P. Engelhardt, E. A. Bischoff, H. W.
Wenzel, C. A. Frost, P. G. Bolster, Norman Easton, II. P. Loding.
R. W. Harned, C. J. Ouellett, John D. Sherman, Jr., Harold Mor-
rison, Harry Dietz and Harry H. Knight have been most kind.
Prof. J. Chester Bradley put the Cornell University collection
including that of R. J. Crew, at our disposal, as did also Emil
Liljeblad. of Chicago, his private collection. All the Florida
records of Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson and Dr. E. A. Schwarz
were also copied. Col. Thos. L. Casey, H. C. Fall and Chas. Dury
have also kindly compared specimens for us with types in their
collections and have furnished us information or data regarding
many others, while Dr. S. A. Forbes and his assistant, Chas. A.
Hart, Dr. E. P. Felt and F. L. Washburn have greatly favored
us with the loan of books and illustrations. It is a pleasure to
acknowledge and extend thanks for such assistance and to recall
especially the golden days spent in Washington with Pierce and
Barber, and above all Dr. Schwarz, whose aid in multitudinous
ways can never be forgotten.

The difficulty of the task and the imperfections that, in spite
of all care, mar its fulfillment are plainer now than they were
when we commenced to write this work. Perhaps if we had then
known as much about Rhynchophora as we do now, we should
never have started. Without dwelling upon these difficulties.

STRUCTURES USED IX CLASSIFICATION. 7

we beg the reader to bear them in mind in judging the result,
hoping that our book may be of service to him in spite of its
shortcomings, and that it may serve eventually as the founda-
tion for a better one.

EXPLANATION OF STRUCTURES USED IN THE CLASSIFICATION

OF RHYNCHOPHORA.

As set forth by LeConte and Horn (188:5, p. XXIX) and by
the senior author in his "Coleoptera of Indiana" (p. 25), the sub-
order Rhynchophora is separated from the suborder Coleoptera
genuina, by having the head more or less prolonged into a beak;
palpi rigid and labrum absent (except in Anthribid;ie and Rhino-
macerime) ; gular sutures confluent on the median line and the
prosternal sutures wanting. The names of the principal external
parts used in this work in the classification of Rhynchophora arc
shown in the accompanying figure.

pronotum

front

eye — _
ffrooyt , _

scape

funicle
dub-
beak

elytra
-- declivity
-- stria
--interval
- ventral seomenks

femur

-tibia
,. tarsi
.daws

•o

Fig. i.

Pissodes fraseri Hopk., showing names of principal external structures.
(Adapted from Hopkins by Edw. D. Harris.)

Many details are omitted in this figure for the purpose of
showing more clearly the names of the principal parts to which
constant reference will be made in the text. Figures showing all
external parts in greater detail will be found on a later page
under the family Scolytidae.

The names of the parts of the head are shown in Fig. 2, drawn
on a larger scale.

8

RHYXCHOPHORA OP XORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

A. B.

Fig. 2. A, Upper view of head and beak of Pissodes strobi; q, hind section or base of
beak; .s, dorsal area of beak; p, front section or apex or tip of beak. The mandibles are
seen projecting beyond the epistoma. Fig. 2, B, lower view of same; /;, antenna! groove or
scrobe; the gular suture is seen as a vertical line between the gens. (After Hopkins.)

On a still larger scale the parts of the mouth are shown in
Fig. 3.

Palpi

.A Pdpifer^ffi*

^fenlum-

Bubmenlum

Fig. 3, A, Apex of beak of Pissodes strobi, greatly magnified to show details of
mouth parts; a, apical tooth; b, subapical tooth; c, lateral view of hypostoma; d, pleuro-
stoma; e, mandibular scrobe; /, hypostomal area: k, hypostomal puncture; C and D,
maxilL-e; g, lacinial bristles; i, joints of palpi; j, fossa of cardo. (After Hopkins.)

STUUI 'TURKS USED IX CLASSIFICATION.

9

It should be understood that the mouth parts are often so
concealed in the apex of the beak that dissection as well as mag-
nification are necessary for inspection.

In the figures that precede, it will be noted that there is a
single median gular suture and that the palpi are short, rigid,
and conical, the joints successively diminishing in size. We in-
troduce at this point a figure of the head of PterosticJiiis for the
purpose of showing thereby the pair of sutures which limit the
gu!a in the Coleoptera genuina and also the flexible character of

Fig. 4. Pterosticluis californicus. A, lower view of head; B, upper view of head.

(After Hopkins.)

the palpi. These are the constant characters which separate the
Ehynchophora from the other Coleoptera, which were treated in
the "Coleoptera of Indiana." There is no exception to the gular
suture character known to us, and but few to the palpi ; these
are, however, less rigid in the familv Anthribidse and subfamily

o «-•

Rhinomacerinse, which therefore occupy a relatively low rank and
approach more nearly the normal Coleoptera.

The most obvious character of the Rhynchophora, the one to
which they owe their common name of snout beetles, is the beak
or rostrum. It is very variable in development, and often even
absent. A somewhat medium form was shown in Fig 1. An
extreme development is seen in the genus Balaninus, figured later
on, while in Dciulroctonitx and other Scolytida- il is extremely
short or wanting.

10

RHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

Fig. 5. Head of
sonus, showing the
widened at apex. (Orig-
inal.)

Cos-
beak .,4-

A further modification of the beak by which it becomes bent

beneath the head and more or less received,
in repose, within a groove in the breast, is
found in the tribes Cryptorhynchini, Oeu-
torhynchini and Zygopini, and in the sub-
family Thecesternina1. This form of the
IK ak is shown in the figure of Craponlns
in <cqnal is Say, under the tribe Ceutorhyn-
chini. The beak is often slightly enlarged
apex and in the genus Cossoniis
(Fig. .1), it is very much widened or
dilated. At the sides of the beak there are frequently seen
more or less definite grooves or scrobes for the reception of
the antennae; the position on the beak varies, and the direction
may be directly towards the eye or more or less below it. as shown
in Fig. 6.

The deciduous cusps of the mandibles,, which characterize the
subfamily Otiorhynchinse, are seldom to be seen,
on account of their being lost soon after the
adult emerges from the pupa, but the scar mark-
ing the point of attachment is permanent.
Figure 7 shows the tip of the beak of a speci-
men in the junior author's collection in which
the cusp itself has been preserved on one mandi
ble, while the scar shows on the other. fig. 6. A,

nal groove lateral and

The mandibles are alwavs small and situated directed towards the

eye; B, arrlennal

often within the end of the beak, but there are groove directed be-
neath the eye. (After

two variations readily observed and useful in B«iei.)
classification. In Rlii/nc-lt'itcx they are toothed on the outer side,
so that the teeth show plainly as two little triangular projections

even when, as is usually the case, the man-
dibles are folded. They become conspicu-
ous, as shown in Fig. 8, when the mandi-
bles are open.

The motion of the mandibles is usually
horizontal, the teeth consequently being-
visible from above, as shown in Figs. 8,
10 and 11, but in Balaitinus the reverse is
the case and the motion is vertical, so
of that the teeth of the mandibles show from

Fig. 7. Tip of beak
Otioi /.' Yiu-hus sulcatiis,\ A
cusp in place; B, mandibular
(Original.)

the side view only. (Fig.

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION.

11

The structure of the maxilla? has been much discussed
Scolytid literature, and the relation between the ra-
diating spines found on the maxilhe of bark-boring
Scolytids and the pilose lobes charaterislic of the
wood-boring Ambrosia beetles is of mucii interest.
These parts are however so small and difficult to ob-
serve that we have avoided using them in our kevs

Fig S. Man-

and refer the reader to the works of Hopkins, Swaine d ; b i e s of

Rhynchites.

and Nusslin for figures and further detail. (After Bedel.)

The flexible palpi of Anthribidre and Rhinomacerinae have
already been mentioned. Our observation does
not entirely confirm the view conveyed by some
previous authors that these are entirely flexi-
ble, and we give therefore in Figs. 10 and 11
drawings of the beak of RhinniiKiccr showing
this type of palpus, certainly less rigid than
in other Rhvpchophora, but still preserving
the general character of the palpi observed
throughout the suborder. An illustration of
Fig. 9. TiPBof beak the head of Eupfu'ius iHfjubris, showing the

of Balauiuus probos-

ddcus showing vertical flexible palpi of the Aiithi'ibida? also appears

mandibles. A, top

view; B. side view. jn fiie text treating of that family.

(Original.)

The mentum is used sparingly in the classification, being also
difficult to observe; but its differences and that of the buccal

Fig. 10. Tip of beak of Rhinomacer from above. A, flexible palpi; B, horizontal
mandibles; C, antenna with loose, three-jointed club. Fig. n. Tip of beak of Rhino-
macer from beneath. A, flexible palpi. (Original.)

cavity are of moment. The usual form has been shown in the
figure of the mouth parts of Pissodcs, where it is moderate in
size, not concealing the maxillre, and inserted upon a more or
less elongate gular peduncle. In Otiorhynchino* it is larger,
filling the buccal space and concealing the maxilla*. Interme-
diate forms occur in some genera like Kiloitti, Mo/tlius and

12

RHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

Itlujccrus, which have been variously placed in consequence by
different authors. In the Breuthidoe, apart from the sexual dis-
parity in the mandibles, sufficient alone to indicate their anomal-
ous character, the lack of a gular peduncle, with the mentuin con-
sequently nearly filling the buccal cavity, indicates a type of sep-
arate origin. In Calandrinae also we observe remarkable de-
partures from the usual form, the gular peduncle being extremely
long and narrow, while in Cossonina? it is present as a broad
short plate.

The difficulty attending the observation of these mouth parts
is fortunately in great part obviated in classification by the fact
that modifications of the more readily observed antenna? serve
as equivalent indices of relative rank. The most simple form of
antenna is found in the Brenthidae, which therefore, in conjunc-
tion with what has already been recorded of their mouth parts,
leads us to place them first or lowest in the series. Their an-
tennae are straight, without a definite club at apex and the last
three joints are not greatly different in length. (Fig. 12, A.)

Fig. 12. A, antenna of a Brenthid, Eitpsnlis mitiuta Drury; B, antenna of Rliiiw-
maccr ; C, antenna of an Anthribid, Euparins inaniioi'ciis Oliv. (Original.)

The next step is found in Rhinomaeerina? and Anthribida?
(Fig. 12, B. and C.), already noted for their comparatively flexi-
ble palpi. The antennas are straight in these groups and the last
three joints preserve their relatively equal length, but are en-
larged to form a loose club. The entire antenna is also more
pubescent ami presumably sensitive.

The next step in autennal development is the shortening of
the last three joints with more or less modification of their shape,
so that a compact oval or globose club results. The three joints
are, however, plainly separated by sutures and are pubescent and
nearly equal in length, the terminal one being sometimes elongate.
Such clubs are found in the subfamilies Apionimo, Allocorhyninse

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION.

13

and Tachygoninse which we place next in the series with straight
antennas and each of these has other important supporting char-
acters. For example we find in Apionime the elongated tro-
chanter intervening between the coxa and the femur; in Alloco-

Leg
a,

tro-

Bedei.)

Fig. 13 Different forms of antennrc; a, of Apion; b, of
Allocoi'hynus ; c, of Tliecesterniis; d, of Tachygonns: e, of
Anclionits; f, of Acamptus. (Original.)

rlujnns the extraordinary hind femora, swollen and
creuulate on the margin as shown in Fig 40 on a
later page, and in TdcJii/goniis (Fig. 15) the re-
markable form and length of the hind leg. In Tlic-
ccstennis, the antenna (Fig. 13-c) usually described
as feebly elbowed, is also of a primitive type. Here
the peculiar form of the prosteruum affords a similar
supporting character. However, the fades and the
form of beak strongly resembles those of Crypto-
c, fe- rhynchini, and the genus is therefore placed close
to that tribe among the forms with elbowed an-
tenna?. We have thus, as the lowest in rank of the Rhynchophora,
forms possessing the straight antenna?, common in Ooleoptera
genuina, and separated, as between themselves, by peculiarities
of structure not observed in the great bulk of the Rhynchophora.
In that great bulk we find a development in the antenna? in
a different direction. The first joint becomes
more or less elongate and is called the scape, and
beyond it the antenna is suddenly bent, elbowed
or "geniculate'' as it is called in most of the books.
Concurrently we find the development of anten-
na! grooves to receive the antenna1, already no-
ticed (Fig. 0), and often a dilation of the tarsi
to be noticed later. The club is usually compact,
formed of three approximately equal joints, pig. 15. Hind leg

of Taclivgoinis.

plainly separated by sutures; the whole antenna (Original)

14

RHYNCHOPHOEA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

is usually pubescent and highly sensitive; the fuuicle, or portion
between the scape and the club, is usually composed of seven,
rarely fewer, joints. Many differences in the length of the scape,
the length of the entire antenna, relative length of the joints,
etc., will be found, but the general type here described is charac-
teristic of the great bulk of Rhynchophora embraced in the Otio-
rhynchinaB and Curculiouinse proper.

The next and final step in antennal development is manifested
in various directions, either as unusual forms of scape, or by
reduction in number of funicular joints, by loss of pubescence on
parts of the antenna, or by enlargement or unusual forms of the
club. Important among these final developments is the enlarge-
ment of the first joint of the club by which it becomes the greater
part of the club instead of being approximately equal to the other
two as we have found it in the groups heretofore considered. By

this character we believe the Calandridse of
LeConte (here, in deference to opinions ex-
pressed by other authors, treated as two sub-
families rather than a family) can be defi-
nitely separated, with the Cossouina?, includ-
ing the Auchonini, which have been removed
by European authors, and the Acamptini,
which have occupied a debatable position.
Their antenna? may show a reduced number of
funicular joints or not, the club may be free of
pubescence at base or not, their characters
may shoAv variation in other respects, but al-
Fig. 16. Antenna of wavs we believe the first joint of the club
Snted#AfunMicieShandngeit shows the enlargement at the expense of the
lar Ked rna?a' ij?int of succeeding joints. Some of the varied forms

club. (Original.) ^ •'

are shown in Fig. 13 e. and f. and in Fig. lit.

In the Scolytidse the developments begun in Calaudrinse are
continued and the variations multiplied. In
one group the scape becomes sexually
clothed with long hair, in another the fu-
nicle is reduced to a single joint; the
sutures of the club are often obsolete, and
its surface becomes in part corneous, while
the form of the club often varies, at times
assuming grotesque proportions. It is suf- Scoiytid^. (After
ficient here to point out something of the extent to which it
varies; details will be given in our treatment of the family.

17. Antennas of

STRUCTURES USED IN CLASSIFICATION.

15

Coupled with these extreme anteunal developments we find ex-
ternally toothed or mucronate tibiae, and despite the practical
absence of a beak, we have no hesitation in placing the Scolytidae
as the highest of the Ehynchophora.

Leaving the antennae, we shall now mention a few structures

that prove useful in classification
though subordinate to those al-
ready described. The legs afford
many such. The coxae may be sep-
arated or contiguous. The tro-
chanters are usually short and in-
conspicuous, but are long in Apion-
inse, as already shown in Fig. 14.
The femora are often toothed and in
Orchestes are remarkably enlarged,
The tibiae are equally subject to variations and are, through-
out the Scolytidse, with few exceptions, externally
serrate or toothed. The apex of the tibia1 is the
scat of many characters of service. The truncate
oval tip common in Otiorhynchiuae, Hylobiini, etc., is
sometimes called the corbel, especially when the in-
sertion of the tarsus is on the inner side a little above

Fig. 18. B, Femur of Orchcstcs; C,
tibia of BarynotiiA showing the closed
corbel, surrounded by a row of hairs.
(After Kuhnt.)

Tibia

the ti]». This is said to be "open" when its edge is

Fig. 19.

interrupted on the inner side by the articular cavity of
of the tarsus, and "closed1' when the cavity does not reach it and
the oval margin is entire. (Fig. 18, C.) In other species the
tibire may end either in a stout blunt hook or spur, or in a spine.
In the latter case they are said to be mucronate. (Fig. 37, p — s.)
The tarsi also present man}' modifications. In the arboreal
Ourculionida1 the third joint is commonly dilated
(Fig. 20), bilobed and spongy pubescent beneath,
but in the palustral and epigeal species this form
is seldom seen, the tarsi being equally narrow. In
the relative proportions of the joints there is also
much variation, and the subfamily Platypodinae is
distinguished by the great elongation of the first
tarsal joint. The claws of the tarsi, though natur-
Show- a^v small< also furnish useful characters. They
bilobed third are lisuallv two in number and may be simple,

tarsal joints.

(After Kuhnt.) connate, toothed, appendiculate or cleft.*

'For a definition of these terms see Coleoptera of Indiana, p. iS; also Fig. 37, /; — I.

16

EHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTH EASTERN AMERICA.

The eyes may be either contiguous, approximate, or distant
on the upper part of the head, terms which explain
themselves, and in the rare Hoi-mops aljdurens they
are nearly joined below the head. They are often
partly or wholly concealed by a projecting postocular
lobe of the front margin of thorax and this lobe may

Fig 21 Tar- be fringed with short stiff hairs to which the name

sus of piaty- vibrissre has been applied.

pus.

The side pieces of the meso- and metasterna vary much in size
and shape, and these variations are used as primary characters
in separating the divisions of Otiorhynehime (Fig. ±3) and the
isolating of the Barini. The middle process of the first ventral
extending forward between the hind coxa? may be acute, as in
Attelabime, or obtuse as in most ("urculionid* (Fig. 22, A. P..)
The ventral segments may be equal in length or there may be
great disparity between them in this respect. The sutures sepa-
rating them may be straight across or greatly curved, and in
Tychiini and some Ceutorhynchini the hind margin of one segment
is often so curved that the extremities project over and conceal
the sides of the succeeding segments. (Fig. 22, d.)

Fig. 22. A, Middle process of first ventral acute; B,
same, obtuse; C, part of under surface of a Barinid, a,
mesosternal episternum; b, mesosternal epimeron extending
between the thorax, d, and the elytra, c, and truncating the
latter at the humerus; c, metasternal episternum; D, ventral
surface of a Tychiinid, showing the curved suture between the
second and third segments, the ends of the second projecting
backward almost to fourth. (After Bedel.)

Combining the characters above described, and selecting those
we believe will be most easily apprehended by the reader, we have
the following key to the families of Khynchophora occurring in
our region :

KEY TO FAMILIKS. 17

KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF RHYNCHOPHORA.*

a. Beak rarely absent, usually longer than broad; tibiae never with a
series of teeth externally.

1>. Antennae straight without a distinct club, though with the outer
joints often more or less thickened; beak present at least in fe-
male and pointing directly forward (Fig. 24); form usually very
slender and elongate. Family I. BRENTHIIVE, p. 18.

bb. Antennae straight or elbowed, always with a distinct club.

c. Palpi flexible; antennal club rarely compact; beak always short
and broad; labrum present; thorax with a transverse raised
line which is either ante-basal or basal. (Fig. 27.)

Family II. ANTIIRIBID^, p. 23.

cc. Palpi rigid and labrum wanting except in subfamily Rhinoma-
cerinaa; antennal club usually compact; beak variable in length,
often long and curved downwards.

Family III. CURCULIOATID^, p. 46.
aa. Beak absent or extremely short and broad; tibia? with a series of

teeth externally, or if these are wanting, with a prominent curved
spine at apex; antennae short, but little longer than head, always
elbowed and with a compact club except in Phlwoplithorus. where the
club is lamellate; palpi rigid; body short, subcylindrical or rarely
oval. Family IV. SC-OLYTILLE, p. 576.

*In using this key the student must remember that while the Leak in many
Curculionida? is so long, slender and curved downwards as to permit of imme-
diately placing them in their family position, there are other species, especially
in the ( )tiorhyiichinae, whose broader beaks would suggest their belonging to the
Scolytid;e or Anthribidre. In such cases, if the antennas are elbowed, he must
find the serrate tibiae that characterize the Scolytidfe, or if straight, the flexible
palpi that characterize the Anthribid;e; otherwise the specimen does not belong to those
families.

18 FAMILY I. BREXTHIDJE.

Family I. BRENTHID.E.

THE PRIMITIVE WEEVILS.

A family of about TOO species, confined chiefly to the trop-
ical regions and com] (rising very elongate, slender beetles having
the mouth organs differing widely according to genus and sex,
the antennjv 10- or 11-jointed, not elbowed and without distinct
club (Fig. 12, A.), the basal joint stouter and a little longer than
second. Beak straight, directly continuing the long axis of the
body, often so thick at base as to form an elongate head; eyes
small, rounded, not granulated ; labrum wanting. Thorax very
elongate, truncate before, pedunculate behind, without postoc-
ular lobes. Elytra elongate, covering the pygidium, with a fold
close to the margin on the inner surface; inner wings well de-
veloped. Prosternum long in front of the coxre, its suture obso-
lete; mesosternum rather long, its side pieces diagonally divided:
metasternum very long, its episterna narrow. Abdomen with
five ventral segments, the first and second very long, third and
fourth short, fifth longer, flat, rounded behind. Legs rather
stout, femora clavate; tarsi spongy pubescent beneath, the third
joint bilobed.

The beak of the female is slender, in our species, usually long,
cylindrical I Fig. 24) and provided with pincer-shaped mandi-
bles, thus enabling her to bore deep holes in the wood beneath
the bark of dead trees, often inserting the beak up to the
eyes and afterwards depositing an egg in each hole. The males,

contrary to the general rule, are usu-
ally larger than the females, and have
the mandibles stout, curved and pointed
and the beak in our most common
species broad, flat and widened toward
the end. (Fig. 2o.) The strong man-
dibles of the male are used in fighting,
and A. R. Wallace, in his "Malay Arch-
ipelago'' gives an interesting account of
two male Brenthians that he saw fight-
ing for a female, who stood close by
busy at her boring. "They pushed at
each other with their beaks and clawed

Fig. 23. Eupsahs mmuta Urury.

Male, x 4- (After Felt.) am] thumped, apparently in the greatest
rage, although their coats of mail must have saved both from

THE PRIMITIVE WEEVILS. 19

iujury. The small one, however, soon ran away, acknowledging
himself vanquished. In most <Y>leoptera the female is larger
than the male and it is interesting, therefore, as bearing on the
question of sexual selection, that in this case, as in the stag
beetles where the males tight together, they should be not only
better armed but also much larger than the females." Riley has
also recorded (1874, 115) that it takes about a day for the female
of En])#(i1is niiniitd to make a puncture and deposit an egg, the
male meanwhile standing guard and occasionally assisting his
mate in extracting her beak. Should a strange male happen by
a furious contest at once ensues, and continues sometimes for
hours, until one or the other is thrown from the tree. The suc-
cessful party then takes his station as guard and, if it be the
stranger, takes the same care of the female as did the vanquished
rival.

The family Brenthidse is represented in North America, as
far as known, by only seven species distributed among six genera.
These have been treated by LeConte & Horn in their Rhyncho-
phora of North America, and in part by

Horn, Geo. #.— "The Brenthida? of the United States," in

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, 1872, 127—121).
tfclHrffcr, ('has.— —"Table of Genera and Species of N. Amer.

Brenthidae," in Journ. N. Y. Eut. Soc., XXIII, 1915, 52-

55.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN 15RENTII11XE.

a. Antennas 11-jointed, the last joint oval, pointed, not much longer than

the others.

It. Head short, transverse or quadrate, hardly prolonged and not con-
vergent behind the eyes; beak of female equal in length to that of
male or longer.

c. Antennal joints 2 — 11 equal in width, or the outer slightly nar-
rower; beak very dissimilar in the two sexes, shorter and broad-
er in male, narrow and cylindrical in female; thorax without
median groove. I. EUFSALIS.

cc. Antennal joints 2 — 8 equal in width or nearly so, the last three
broader, forming a feeble club; beak nearly alike in the sexes;
thorax with a strong median lengthwise groove.

II. TRACIIKUZUS.

l)l>. Head longer than broad, oval, prolonged and convergent behind the
eyes; beak of female shorter than that of male; thorax deeply
grooved near base. III. BRENTHUS.

aa. Antennas 10-jointed, the last joint very elongate; form somewhat ant-
like; antennae inserted near middle of beak. IV. CVLAS.

20

FA M ILY I. — BRENTHIDJE.

I. EUPSALIS Lac., I860. (Gr., "well" + "a pair of shears.")

Elongate, brown, shining species having the head broad, its
hind angles obsolete; month parts concealed by the mentnm ;
mandibles of male curved, flattened, pointed, toothed on inner
edge; of female small, pincer-shaped; middle coxre rounded, sep-
arate; femora slender, cylindrical at base, front tibite sinuate
and obliquely grooved on inner side, armed with a hook on outer
and. a spur on inner side of tip; tarsal claws large, simple, di-
vergent.

1 (8967). EUPSALIS MINUTA DRURY, 1770. 95.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown to piceous,
elytra with narrow elongate yellowish spots, often united to form two or
three nearly complete cross-bars. Thorax longer than broad, widest be-
hind the middle, base constricted, sides curved to middle, then strongly
converging to apex; disc highly polished, minutely and very sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra not wider than thorax, more than twice as long as wide;
strise deep, those on sides coarsely punctate; intervals smooth, convex.
Abdomen of male with first two ventral segments deeply grooved at mid-
dle, of female feebly impressed. Length, male. 7.2 — 17mm.; female, 6.5 — 14
mm. (Fig. 23, male; Fig. 24, female.)

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern
t-onnties; April 9 — July 2(5. Occurs beneath
bark of recently felled or dying oak, poplar
and beech trees. Throughout New Jersey on
chestnut, oak and maple. Ranges from New
England and Canada to Nebraska, south to
Florida and Texas. The eggs are deposited
in May and June and the larva1 bore in all di-
rections through the heart wood, often caus-
ing serious injury to white-oak stave bolts.

The insect varies much in size and three
forms have been recognized, based mainly on
the shape of beak of male, which is very vari-
able. These are

minuta Drury, described above and having that
portion of the beak of male in front of the antennae
wider than long, the mandibles as long as that part
of the beak and strongly cusped.

lecontei Power (1878), thorax more strongly
punctate, beak of males elongate and narrow, the
mandibles shorter with weaker cusps.

sallei Power (1878), outer five joints of antennte cylindrical instead
of ovate, beak of males as in lecontei, thorax punctate as in minuta.

Fig. 24. X 4-
(After Felt.)

THE PRIMITIVE WEEVILS. 21

The first is more northern, the second more southern in dis-
tribution, hut all three are among the Indiana material at hand.
Xo difference is recognizable in the females, and they may be con-
sidered as only individual variations of the same species.

A male in the senior author's collection from Marion county,
Indiana, measuring only ~> mm. in length, with the thorax almost
impunctate, widest at middle instead of behind the middle, the
beak shorter than the thorax, and the color uniform pale red-
dish-brown, with a small fuscous spot behind the middle of
elytra, presents a stronger departure from the usual form than
either of Power's varieties, and may be known as variety
paupercula.

Of the combats of the males of this northern Itrentbian Le-
Tonte 1188:5, o<H>) has said: "They result in no injury to either
of the parties engaged, the dense chitinous covering affording'
a perfect protection. The weaker male, overcome by exhaustion,
eventually flees and leaves to his more vigorous victor the hon-
orable task of guarding- and assisting the fair object of strife ill
her efforts to preserve the species." And again (1876, 326) he
says : "The measurements show a slight average superiority of
size in the male, but not sufficient to warrant any generalization
in favor of sexual selection, produced by the bloodless combat of
these insects, which seem to be actuated rather by chivalric sen-
timent than by animal passion." Smith says that when the
beaks of the females become wedged, as they sometimes do, the
males use their forceps-like jaws to pull them out, but Riley
(1874, 115) states that the male helps in removing the beak by
"stationing himself at a right angle with her body and pressing
his heavy prosternum against the tip of her abdomen, her stout
fore legs thus serving as a fulcrum and her long body as a lever."

II. TRACHELIZUS Schou., 1840. (Gr., "straight" + "neck.")

This genus, characterized in the key, is represented in this
country by the single species

2 (- -). TRACHELIZUS VXCIMA.M-.S Boh., Schon., 1839, 496.

Brown, more or less shining. Beak nearly alike in the two sexes, the
basal part as long as apical and of equal width, male, shorter and broader
than the apical part, female. Thorax nearly impimetate with a strong
longitudinal median impression. Elytra nearly parallel with strongly im-
pressed sutural striae which are impunctate, the other strife represented by
rows of feebly impressed punctures, except the three near side margin,
which are deeply impressed. Suture between first and second ventrals
obliterated at middle, visible at sides. Femora and tibise unarmed.
Length 16 mm.

22

FA M ILY I. BRENTHIDJE.

Key Largo and Elliott's Key, Fin. Occurs also in Cuba with
other species of the genus.

ITT. BRENTHUS Fab., ITS". (Or., name of a bird.)
This uenus, also sufficiently characterized in the key, is one

o *

of the most characteristic neotropical genera, containing about
25 species and represented in this country by two species in
Lower California and by the following:

3 (8970). BitK.vnirs A.XCIIOIIAGO Linn., 17G6, p. 1739.

Elongate, slender. Black or dark chestnut-brown, shining; elytra each
with two narrow, reddish-yellow stripes, the inner abruptly abbreviated be-
hind, the outer in front. Thorax of male longer and broadly constricted at
middle, of female shorter, conical, deeply grooved near base in both sexes.
Strife on sides of elytra more shallow and more distinctly punctate than
those near suture; tips of elytra elongate-attenuate in male, obtuse in fe-
male; second elytral interval flat in its entire length. Front femora only
dentate. Length 10 — 52 mm.

A Tropical American species which has been taken in south-
ern Florida at Biscayne Bay, Miami and on the Florida Keys.
Occurs on flowers and under bark of various trees. (Slosson.)

IV. CYLAS Latr., 1806. ( Gr., "a tumbler.")

Elongate, ant-like beetles having the maxillae exposed, the
mentum oblong and raised on a short peduncle; mandibles pin-
cer-shaped; head not constricted behind; front coxa? conical,
prominent, contiguous; tibire slender, straight, not mucronate
at tip; tarsal claws small, connate at base. One species occurs
in the Southern States.
4 (8966). CYI.AS FOHMIC Aim's Fab., 1798, 174.

Very elongate, smooth, shining. Pale reddish-brown, elytra bluish-
black, head and beak dusky. Beak twice as long as
head, stout, cylindrical, nearly straight, finely punc-
tured near the base. Thorax nearly twice as long
as wide, deeply constricted or subdivided at basal
third, disc smooth, shining. Elytra elongate-oval,
strongly convex, sliglitly wider than thorax, hu-
meri very oblique; strife fine, feebly punctate; in-
tervals flat, smooth. Last joint of antennae cylin-
drical, longer than the others united, male, oval
and shorter, female. Length 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 25.)

LaGrange, Fla., Sept. 11. Kecorded
from Florida, Louisiana and Texas. An in-
troduced Asiatic species, which occurs also
in the West Indies and Madagascar. <1om-
stock < 1870. 24!)) states that the larva is

Fig. 25. X 5-
Duggar.)

(After

THE FUNGUS WEEVILS.

23

known as the "sweet-potato root-borer," and about 1880 did much
damage to that crop near Manatee, Fla., the young lame boring
little tunnels through the root in all directions so that the vines
died. The larva pupates at the end of its burrow and undergoes
its entire transformation from egg to adult in 31 days, lleattie
(1010, 2(5) mentions the beetle as "widely distributed and caus-
ing considerable injury in the Gulf States." Hamilton (1895,
321) records the taking of three specimens on the ocean beach
at Lake Worth, Fla., from a rough prostrate Composite plant
growing in mats on the sand, there being no sweet potato or
other Convolvulaceous plants within half a mile. Breeds also in
the seaside morning glory, f/toiixni /><'K-cti/tr<'<r L., boring the
stem. (*S7o.s-.s-o^.)

Family IT. AXTHRIBID.E.

THE FUNGUS WEEVILS.

A small family of brown or fuscous, often variegated, species,
having the beak broad, flat, sometimes so short as to be indis-
tinct, never separated from the front by a transverse impression ;
antenna? inserted usually under the sides of the front, slender,
straight, pubescent, joints 0 — 11 broader, more or less com-
pressed, rarely forming a compact oval club. Labrum distinct,
quadrate, fringed with hairs; labial palpi 3-jointed, slender,
cylindrical, longer than in other Rhynchophora, the last joint

elongated, narrower at tip; max-
illary palpi slender, 4-jointed, with
the last joint also longer and nar-
rower at tip. (Fig. 2(j.) Thorax
variable in form, usually truncate
in front, rarely rounded over the
head (Br<ichi/t<.irsus and CJiora-

A

Fig. 26. Head of EH far ins iuf/nbris fjus), base truncate, with a t

Oliv., showing at A the flexible palpi . . ,,

of Anthribidze. (Original.) verse elevated line which is either

antebasal ( 7Vo/m/<r/»/) or entirely basal. lOlytra conjointly
rounded behind, with ten stria? (except in Xcnorclicstcs) . Front
coxa? globose, narrowly separated, hind ones transverse : abdomen
with five free and nearly equal segments; pygidium visible, un-
divided in both sexes. Legs slender; tibia? truncate at tip with-
out spurs or hooks; tarsi brush-like beneath, 4-jointed, second
joint triangular, emarginate, third joint small, bilobed, often
partly concealed by the second, fourth joint slender with di-
vergent claws, either simple or toothed.

24 FAMILY II. ANTHRIBIDJE.

The presence of the elevated line or ridge near or at the base
of thorax is a constant character (Fig. 27), and its modifications

form one of the surest guides to the position of
the genera. The antenna? of the male are
sometimes much longer than the body. The
larvjp as a rule infest woody fungi, dead twigs,
seeds and the steins of plants and have legs or

Fig. 27. Head and

thorax of an An- pseudopods in some genera. However, the habits

thribid, showing

antebasai line and metamorphoses are but little known. The

rlt 3.

(After Bedei.) typical genus is AutTiribus, founded by Geof-
frey in 1764, meaning "a flower'' and "to destroy." The family in-
cludes SOI) or more species, mostly tropical and Australian in
distribution. Some of them resemble the members of the sub-
family I,(i in iiinr of the Cerambycidie on account of the great
development of the antenna?. The North American species have
not recently been monographed. Abroad they have been cata-
logued by Bovie and studied by Dr. Karl Jordan, who treated the
family in the Biologia. They are treated by

LeConte, J. L. — uRhynchophora of X. Amer.. — Anthribidse,"
in rroc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XV, 1S7<5, 391—40!).

ScJucffcr, Clitis. — "New Anthribidse," in Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., XXXII, 1906, 267—278.

Only about 60 species of Anthribidre, distributed among 23
genera, are known from Xorth America. Of these 37 species,
representing 19 genera, occur in our territory, several of these
being immigrants from the tropics. Following LeConte and
Horn, the genera are grouped in four tribes as follows :

KEY TO TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICAN AXTHR1BID.E.

a. Antennae inserted on the sides of the beak.

6. Transverse ridge of thorax situated in front of the base (Fig. 27)
(very near it in Eusphyrus). Tribe I. TROPIDERIXI, p. 25.

II). Transverse ridge situated at the base, the surface behind it perpen-
dicular. Tribe II. AXTIIRIBIXI, p. 32.
aa. Antennae inserted on the front of head or base of beak; thoracic ridge

basal,
c. Elytra striate. Tribe III. AR.EOCERIXI, p. 41.

<•(•. Elytra not striate. Tribe IV. XEXORCHESTIXI, p. 44.

TKM5IO I. TROPinERIXI. IT)

Tribe I. TROPIDERINI.

Iii this tribe the thoracic ridge is (except in Eusjtliyrus} re-
mote from the base, more or less sinuous and
obliquely bent on the sides; antenna? inserted in
fove;e under the lateral edge of the beak, the edge
sometimes expanded to partially cover the cavities.
(Fig. 28).

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TROPIDERIXI.

a. Sides of beak not dilated over the antennal cavities.
&. Eyes entire; antennae longer than body in male,
two-thirds as long, female; length 6 or more mm.

Fig. 28. Platy-

rhinus latirostr'is L ISCHNOCERUS.

L. A British ^. Eyes emarginate; antenme less than half the length

species of Tro-

piderini: /, tar- oi body; length less than 3 mm.

S(AfterfWoSodT C' Hind anS^s of thorax not directed outwards.

(L Antennal club oval, solid, sensitive only at tip;
eyes feebly broadly emarginate. II. ORMISCUS.

(Id. Antennal club 3-jointed; eyes more distinctly arcuate-emargi-
nate. III. TOXOTROPIS.

ec. Hind angles of thorax directed outwards; transverse ridge of tho-
rax very near the base. IV. BUSPHYRUS.
rt«. Sides of beak dilated over the antennal cavities.

e. Antennal club narrow, not compressed; length 5 or more mm.
/. Thoracic ridge strongly angulated, the apex of the angle touching
base at middle; claws simple. V. GONOTROPIS.

ff. Thoracic ridge straight at middle; base of thorax strongly bi-emar-
ginate; claws acutely toothed at middle. VI. EURYMYCTER.

ee. Antennal club oval, compressed; length less than 5 mm.
g. Beak shorter than head; eyes oblique, slightly oval.

VII. TROPIDERES.

gg. Beak longer than head; eyes rounded; antennae of male as long as
body. VIII. ALLANDRUS.

I. ISCHNOCERUS Selion., 1839. (Gr., "slender" + "horn.")

Here belongs a rather large species having the beak slightly
longer than head, cat-mate above, dilated at tip; antennal cavities
large, bordered above by a small elevated line; eyes longitudinal,
elliptical, rather coarsely granulated; antenme very slender,
second joint twice as long as first, three-fifths as long as third;
<) — 11 broader, flattened, forming a loose, oval club; second tarsal
joint emargiuate with prolonged angles; claws with a long, acute
median tooth.

5 (9202). ISCHXOCERUS INFUSCATUS Fahr.. Schon., 1839,' 192. - -t '

• "*/ ' : '\
Oblong, subcylindrical. Brown or blackish with yellowish-brown aiftl.-,.

pale gray pubescence intermixed, exhibiting no distinct patteni'; tibiae red-

26 FA JULY II. AXTHRIBID^.

dish, annulate with black. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide at base,
convex, narrowed in front; disc rugosely punctate and with three feeble
longitudinal carinae, the grooves between them wide and rather deep; base
truncate, the transverse ridge about one-fifth in front of base, more or less
sinuous, forming an obtuse angle at middle and bent obliquely forward on
the sides. Elytra at base subtruncate nearly one-half wider than thorax,
stria? punctate. Length 6.8 — 10 mm.

Enterprise. Key Lsirgo, Key West and ISiscayne Bay, Fla.,
on dead brandies. Southern States as far north as District of
Columbia. Texas and Mexico.

II. ORMISCUS Water-house, 1845. (Gr., "neck.")

Small, snbcylindrical species having the besik broad, fiat, not
longer than head; antennae alike in both sexes, scarcely reaching
the base of the thorax; eyes rather large, oblique; thorax strongly
narrowed behind the transverse carina, which is prominent, par-
allel with the base, and ends each side in a small cusp. One
species occurs with us.

We have followed the "< Msissificaf ion" in our treatment of this
and the next two genera, though Dr. Karl Jordan and Charles
Schspffer have recently expressed more or less definitely views in
favor of uniting Toj-otropis, Gonops and Eusplujnis with Onuis-
cus, on account of the failure of the characters used by
LeConte in some of the numerous tropical species of the
group. The spur-like process at apex of middle and hind
tibise of male Gonops is said to be present also in some tropical
Toj'Otropix, while in others only the middle tibise are so armed.
The position of the antebasal carina of Ensphyrits is peculiar, in
its absolute described relation to the base, to our eastern species
only and variable in others. The deeply cleft claws of some
Toj-ofropix gradually become more simply toothed in other
species; so that those who have worked with the species of the
world sire puzzled to know what characters can be relied upon
to sepsirsite these closely allied genera. In our limited fauna,
however, the distinguishing characters as set forth by LeConte
are sufficient, and are therefore followed in the absence of any
better complete classification of the group.

6 (9208). ORMISCUS SALTATOK Lee., 1876, 397.

Oblong, subcylindrical. Brownish-black, mottled with spots and bands
of ash-gray pubescence, the most prominent of which is a band before the
middle of elytra with a spur forward along the suture to scutellum and an-
other each side to humerus, these often abraded. Thorax subquadrate, one-

TRIBE I. TROPIDERIXI. 27

half wider than long, densely and finely punctured. Elytra scarcely wider
and twice as long as thorax, sides parallel to apical fifth then broadly
rounded; disc with rows of large, deep punctures. Length 1.2 — 1.6 mm.

Marshall, Vermillion and Posey counties, Indiana; June 2—
25. Staten Island, N. Y., on hickory in June. Throughout New
Jersey, June and July, breeding in the dead wood of deciduous
trees. Kauges from New England and Canada to Michigan and
Illinois, south to Florida,

III. TOXOTROPIS Lee., 1X7U. (Or., "curve" -f "keel.")

In this genus, which is consolidated with Onitisciift by some
authors, the antebasal ridge becomes less remote from the base,
leading up to Enx/tlti/nix where it is almost basal. The antennal
club is elongate-oval, compressed, composed of three distinct sub-
equal joints; thoracic ridge autebasal, regularly curved but di-
rected transversely toward the sides; eyes more distinctly emar-
sinate than in Onitiscux; antennal cavities small, rounded. Four

o

species have been described from the Atlantic region, all very
rare in collections, and we are able to add a fifth from Florida.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TOXOTROPIS.

o. Claws with a small acute median tooth.

b. Brown or blackish, varied with patches of white pubescence; length
1.2 mm. 7. PUSILLUS.

&b. Black, densely clothed with ash-gray pubescence; length 1.5 mm.

8. FASCIATUS.
aa. Claws cleft or deeply bifid.

c. Third elytral interval with three tubercles. 9. SEXTUBERCULATTS.
cc. Third interval without tubercles.

el. Blackish-brown; elytra with a metallic tinge, the paler pubes-
cence without a definite pattern; length 2.2 mm.

10. SUBMETALLICTS.

(Id. Reddish-brown, clothed with paler scales forming a definite
pattern on elytra; length 2.5 mm. 11. FLOKIDAXI s.

7 (9209). TOXOTROPIS PUSILLUH Lee., 1876, 398.

Same size, form and color as Ormiscus saltator. but with the ante-
basal ridge near the base at middle, regularly curved not angulate. Eyes
larger and more prominent. Thorax more finely punctured. Elytral stria?
with rows of rather large punctures; intervals flat, even. Length 1.2 mm.

Anglesea, X. J. ; Tampa, Fla., June 10 (type) ; Ohio on osage
orange; District of Columbia on old twigs; Texas and Mexico.
LeConte (1884, 32) states that "specimens collected in Texas

28 FAMILY II. - ANTHRIBIDJE.

vary much in markings; one is black with an inverted T -formed
white mark near base of elytra ; others are as pubescent as
rKiix rariryatnft Say, and not unlike it in appearance."

8 (9210). TOXOTROPIS FASCIATUS Lee., 1884, 32.

Of the same size and form as T. pusillus. Reddish-brown, densely
clothed with cinereous pubescence. Elytra with a broad dark brown trans-
verse band; antennae, tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Length 1.5 mm. (Le-
Conte.)

Marion, Mass.; District of Columbia. The type was from Col-
ambus, Texas.

9 (- -). TOXOTROPIS SEXTUBERCVLATCS Schaeff., 1906, 269.

Brown; pubescence on head, thorax and elytra intermixed with cin-
ereous, not forming a distinct design; scutellum white. Antennae reach-
ing hind angles of thorax, basal joints pale, the others piceous. Antebasal
ridge of thorax broadly rounded. Third elytral interval with three tuber-
cles, of which the sub-basal is the largest. Claws deeply cleft, the inner
portion of the cleft claws touching each other. Length 2.5 mm.

Enterprise, Florida.. This species represents donors Lee.
which Schseffer does not recognize as valid.

10 (- — ). TOXOTROPIS SUBMETALLICUS Schaeff., 1904, 234.

"Blackish-brown, elytra with a slight metallic tinge; clothed with
brown, fulvous and white pubescence, the white forming an indistinct
curved band near base and an irregular one at apex. Head densely punc-
tured, clothed with brown, fulvous and white hairs. Eyes rounded, not
deeply emarginate; antennae short, black, nearly reaching the basal carina.
Thorax in its broadest part broader than long, sides slightly curved, nar-
rowing to apex, ante-basal ridge, curved, forming a broad lobe at middle;
disc densely punctured and densely clothed with white, fulvous and brown-
ish hairs. Elytra not broader than thorax in its broadest part; disc with
rows of moderately coarse punctures; intervals flat, densely punctured.
Beneath black, densely punctured, pubescence white, not very dense. Fem-
ora, apex of tibia? and tarsi black; claws deeply cleft, the inner portion
convergent. Length 2.2 mm." (Scturffer.)

Described from Brownsville, Texas. Recorded by Dury as
occurring at Cincinnati, Ohio.

11 (— — ). TOXOTROPIS FLORIDA:* us sp. nov.

Elongate, ovate, broader behind. Reddish-brown clothed with paler
scales which form a definite pattern on the elytra, abdomen darker, legs
and antennae paler. Head convex, irregularly clothed with pale elongate
scales, antennae reaching about base of thorax, last three joints about equal
in length, and forming an elongate club. Thorax confluently punctate,
irregularly clothed with elongate pale scales, ante-basal ridge arcuate at
middle, where it approaches but does not reach the base, straight and

TRIP.K I. TUOPiniCRIXI. L'!»

transverse at sides, ending in a very short curve which hardly ascends the
sides. Elytra at base as broad as thorax, very slightly broader behind,
finely striate, stria? punctate, surface densely clothed with pale scales,
except on each side of the white pubescent scutellum and a broadly arcuate
area behind the middle extending from the margin to the third striae; claws
deeply cleft, the inner portions of the cleft claws touching. Length 2.5 mm.
(C. W. L.)

Enterprise. Florida. October 81). on poke berry; collected by
C. L. Brownell. Type in author's collection ; another specimen
in Chas. Sclupffer's collection.

IV. ErspiiYuus Lee.. ISTfi. (Or., "beautiful" -4- -feet.")

Beak shorter than head, broader than long, slightly narrowed
at base; eyes ovate, broadly emarginate in front; antenna? not
longer than head and thorax, first and second joints short and
thick, 3 — 6 slender, 7 and 8 thicker, 0 — 11 broader, forming' a
loose, compressed club; front coxa1 prominent, contiguous; tarsi
as long as the tibia?, first joint as long as the others united, third
very short; claws with a small acute tooth near the base. One
of the three North American species occurs with us.

12 (9213). Erspiiviu-s WALSHII Lee., 1876, 399.

Elongate-oval. Brownish-black, clothed with fine brownish or ash-
gray pubescence, and mottled with patches of coarser yellowish-white hairs
arranged in a cross-band on elytra much as in Ormiscus saltator ; antennae
at base, tibiae and tarsi pale reddish-brown. Thorax wider at base than
long, gradually narrowed from the base forward, hind angles acute, diver-
gent, projecting laterally beyond the elytra; disc finely and densely punc-
tate, the transverse ridge almost basal. Elytra subcylindrical, not wider
and about twice as long as thorax; striae deep, coarsely and closely punc-
tured; disc feebly and broadly impressed transversely about one-fourth the
length from base. Length 2.3 — 3 mm.

Putnam and Posey counties. Indiana, rare; Apr. 1(» — July 4.
Staten Island. N. Y.. on hickory; June. Various localities in
New Jersey, breeding in the dead wood of deciduous trees ; June.
July. Ormond, Fla., April 13. Ranges from New England and
Canada to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida.

V. GOXOTROPIS Lee., 1876. ( Gr., "elbow" + "keel.")

Here belongs a single rather robust convex species having the
beak longer than head, gradually narrowed to middle, then
widened to tip, its upper surface uneven ; antennal cavities near
its tip small, deep, not visible from above; anteniue half as long
as body, first joint clavate, second shorter, 3 — 8 more slender,

30 FAMILY II. ANTIIRIBIDJE.

each sub-equal in length to first; 9 — 11 forming an elongate, sub-
cylindrical club; scutellum small, elevated, with a small deep
fovea behind.

13 (9203). GONOTROPIS GIBBOSUS Lee., 1876, 394.

Subovate, convex. Black without lustre; beak, sides of head below the
eyes and scutellum densely clothed with fine white pubescence; elytra
with a large saddle-shaped spot of similar pubescence extending from the
middle forward to base and gradually narrowed to the space between the
third intervals; also with some smaller white and black pubescent spaces
behind the middle; beneath pruinose with fine whitish pubescence. Thorax
narrowed from the base forward, broadly channeled behind the middle and
with a short, deep transverse line at the middle, the edges of the cruciform
impression thus produced clothed with white pubescence; disc broadly
concave near the sides adjacent to the transverse ridge. Elytra wider
than base of thorax; striae finely punctate; intervals densely and finely
punctured, the third with an oblong tubercle near base and another behind
the middle. Length 5 mm.

Paris, Maine, July 4. Tyngsboro, Mass. ; Blanchard collection.
Described from (Colorado. Known also from Minnesota and
Montreal, Canada, northward to Cumberland House in Hudson
Bay Region. Rare in collections.

VI. EURYMYCTER Lee., 1870. (Gr., "broad" -+- "nose.")

Oblong, robust, coarsely sculptured species having the beak
narrower ilian head, strongly dilated at tip, with three ridges
and four wide grooves above; eyes rounded, finely granulated;
auteunal fovea* deep, visible only from above; antenna? half as
long as body, first and second joints stouter, nearly equal, 3 — S
slender, longer, shining, 0 — 11 forming an elongate loose club;
first and fifth ventral segments longer than the others. One
species is known.

14 (9204). ETKYMYCTER FASCIATUS Oliv., 1795, 80, p. 9.

Dark or sooty brown with a conspicuous patch of white pubescence on
the beak and a broad transverse band of same behind the middle of elytra.
Thorax very uneven, broadly impressed before the middle; ante-basal ridge
about one-fifth from base, bent on sides at an obtuse angle, forming an ob-
tuse lateral protuberance. Elytra wider than thorax, disc very uneven with
short rugosities and rows of large distant punctures. Length 6.5 — 9.5 mm.

Wells and Posey counties, Indiana; June 10. Many localities
in New Jersey, but usually rare; May 31 — August -. Ranges
across the continent from New England and Canada to Van-
couver and Oregon, south in the eastern portion to Florida and

TRIBE I. TROPIDERIXI. 31

Texas. Occurs on dead twigs and on fungus growing on dead
beech. Easily known by its large size, snow-white markings and
rough sculpture.

VII. TROPIDERES Schou., 1820. (Gr., "keel" + "neck.")

Rather slender, oblong or subcylmdrit-al species having the
beak wider than long, not longer than head, antennal fovete not
visible from above; eyes oblique, slightly oval, more widely sepa-
rated than in Eitryniyctcr: antennae slender, not reaching base
of thorax, first and second joints oblong, much thicker than 3 — 8
which are slender, subequal, 9 — 12 stout, forming a short flat-
tened club; thorax subconieal, wider at base than long; scutellum
minutely rounded; elytra but slightly wider than Iliorax; ventral
segments subequal in length. Two species are known from North
America.*

15 (9205). TROPIDERES BIMACULATUS Oliv., 1795, 80, p. 14.

Oblong, rather slender. Black with numerous scattered tufts of dark
hair; thorax with two small round whitish spots, and an elongate one in
front of scutellum; elytra each with a humeral spot and a common trans-
verse subsutural one behind the middle, grayish-white; tibiaa annulate with
grayish. Thorax with sides rounded, feebly, obtusely tuberculate; disc un-
even, coarsely and sparsely punctate; ante-basal ridge obtusely angulate at
the middle with angle directed forwards, and obtusely bent on the sides.
Elytra slightly wider at apical fourth than at base; disc with irregular
rows of rather coarse, deep, close-set punctures. Length 4.5 — 4.8 mm.

Posey Co., Indiana, scarce beneath bark of honey locust and
soft maple; April 19 — Nov. 8, Newark. New Jersey. Lowell. Mass.
Ranges from New England to Wisconsin, south to South Caro-
lina. Occurs on dead twigs and beneath bark.

16 (9206). TROPIDERES RECTUS Lee., 1876, 395.

Oblong-subcylindrical. Dark brown irregularly maculate with yel-
lowish pubescence; elytra also with a few white dots; legs annulated with
gray; beneath thinly clothed with very fine grayish-yellow hairs. Thorax
much wider than long, sides obliquely and broadly rounded into the apex,
which is also broadly rounded; disc densely and finely punctate, the ante-
basal ridge nearly straight, parallel to the base, suddenly bent at sides al-
most at right angles and extending nearly to the middle. Elytra with
rows of large punctures; intervals even, alternately variegated with dis-
tant small white dots. Length 4 mm.

*Bovie (1905) states that the true Tropldcrcs do not occur in America, and pro-
visionally attaches some American species to Gonioclccus Jordan. Until Dr. Jordan's
classification appears in Genera Insectorum, it is difficult to -~ay \vln-t IH.-I- all our sptcies
should be so characterized, or a new genus erected for them. In the meantime it seems
best to retain Schonherr's generic name.

32 FAMILY II. ANTHRIBID^E.

Seacoast of New Jersey, rare. Indian River, Sand Point,
and Enterprise, Fla., March 2f> — April. Recorded elsewhere only
from Ohio and District of Columbia. Occurs on dead branches
and twigs. The clnl> of antennae is more slender than in Itinm-
cnl<ituH and the upper surface much less uneven than there.

YIIL ALLAXHRUS Lee., 1870. (Or., "different" + -tarsi.")

Beak longer than head, narrowed at base, slightly dilated at
tip, above with a high crest on basal half in male, feebly carinate,
female; antennae of female reaching base of elytra and formed
much as in Tropiflcrcf:, the second joint more slender; of male
as long as body, joints 3 — 8 very elongate, 0 — 11 flattened, form-
ing a loose club; eyes rounded, prominent, finely granulated;
tarsi more slender than usual, third joint not as wide as second,
claws appendh-ulate. One species is known.

17 (9207). AiXAxnm-s mi ASCIATUS Lee., 1876, 396.

Oblong, subcylindrical. Blackish-brown with a brassy tinge; elytra
with two ill-defined bands of ash-gray hairs, the front one extending along
the suture to base; scutellum white; head and thorax densely punctured,
thinly clothed with ash-gray hairs. Thorax longer than wide, narrowed at
tip and base, finely and densely punctate; the transverse ridge remote
from base, feebly curved, subsinuate, flexed obliquely forward at sides.
Elytra not as wide as thorax at middle; stria? fine, punctured. Length
3.5—4.3 mm.

Not yet recognized from Indiana though undoubtedly occurs.
New -Jersey on linden. Bowmanville, 111., -July 27. Ranges from
New England and Canada to Wisconsin. Utah ami Idaho, on a
line north of the Ohio River. Utah specimens are black instead
of brown. Hamilton in place of above cites Allittidrns n. sp..
which however. Klages 1 1001, 294) says is bifosciatus.

Tribe II. ANTHRIBINI.

In this tribe the antennae are inserted under the sides of the
beak; transverse ridge of thorax basal, reaching the hind angles
and there (except in Ant]iribitlitx} bent forward at a right angle
along the sides, thus forming an apparently elevated margin of
base and posterior portion of sides of thorax. The basal margin
of elytra is also elevated and acute to correspond with that of
thorax.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF AXTHRIBINI

a. Beak with sides parallel or nearly so.

b. Tarsi with third joint wider, deeply bilobed, visible from above,
c. Front coxae contiguous or nearly so; antennal cavities distant from
the eyes.

TUir.K II. AXTHRIBINI. :'>.".

d. Claws almost cleft; body elongate-cylindrical; eyes broadly
emarginate in front; length 7.5 or more mm.

IX. PHOENICOBIELLA.

dd. Claws feebly toothed at base; body stout, subcylindrical; eyes

oval, entire; length less than 7.5 mm. X. PIEZOCORYXTS.

cc. Front coxae well separated by the prosternum; antennal cavities

extending to or nearly to the eyes.

e. Eyes rounded. XL ANTIIRIBTS.

ee. Eyes broadly emarginate. XII. TOXOXOTUS.

bb. Tarsi with third joint feebly bilobed, not visible from above; an-
tennal cavities reaching the eyes. XIII. EUPARIUS.
aa. Beak gradually narrowed from the eyes forward; length less than

4 mm.

/. Basal ridge of thorax bent abruptly forward at hind angles and usu-
ally continued along the sides for a short distance.

XIV. BRACHYTARSTJS.
//. Basal ridge gently rounded, becoming obsolete at hind angles.

XV. ANTHRIBULUS.

IX. PHCENICOBIELLA Cockerell, 1900.

Beak about as long as wide, finely cariuate, emarginate in
front; sides acutely elevated in male, less so in female, forming
a ridge above the antennal cavities which are large and deep;
antennae of male much longer than body, second joint one-half
the length and much thinner than first; 3 — 5 very long and slen-
der, 6 — 9 gradually shorter, fringed beneath with short curled
hairs, 10 — 11 slightly thicker, similarly fringed, together equal
to ninth, eleventh pointed and feebly curved; of female three-
fourths as long as body, joints 9 — 11 broader, forming a loose
elongate club; scutellum small, round, not depressed; ventral
segments gradually shorter, fifth broadly emarginate; third joint
of tarsi broadly dilated and with a dense brush of stiff hairs be-
neath. One of the two species occurs with us. The name
Pli<r>iic(tbins Lee. was preoccupied.

18 (9214). PHCEXICOBIELLA CHAM.EROPIS Lee., 1876, 400.

Elongate-cylindrical. Brown, mottled with fine gray, yellow, fulvous
and black pubescence; elytra with the first and alternate intervals slightly
more convex, tessellated with black and yellow, the intervening spaces with
ash-gray hair; under surface, legs and antenna? also mottled with gray and
dark brown pubescence, metasternum densely clothed with yellowish-white
pubescence; outer half of ninth and all of tenth and eleventh joints of an-
tenna? sooty black. Length 7.3 — 11 mm.

Tybee Island, Georgia, June 2(5. Enterprise, Florida, Oct. 7.
('"ommon at Ft. Capron, Haulover and Enterprise, Fla., on fresh
cut leaves of the cabbage palmetto, April, May. October, Novem-
ber.

34 FAMILY II. AXTHRIBIDJE.

X. PIEZOCORYXUS Schon., 1839. (Gr., "compressed" 4- "club.")

Three species, ranging from 4 to 7 mm. in length, stout and
subcyiindrical in form, with large oval, coarsely granulated eves
and the front coxae contiguous or nearly so, compose this genus.
They have the beak broad, flat, not so long as wide, not emar-
ginate at tip; antenna 1 cavities large, deep, partially covered by
the sides of beak ; antenna? with first joint stout, rounded, second
nearly twice as long, conical, 3 — 8 more than twice as long as
second, slightly thickened toward tip, 9 — 11 forming a com-
pressed, elongate club. Thorax wider than long, truncate at base,
the ridge as described under tribal heading; third joint of tarsi
deeply bilobed, wider than second, the latter broad, triangular

and emargiuate.

KEY" TO SPECIES OF PIEZOCORYXUS.

a. Ninth and tenth joints of antennas obliquely emarginate at tips; tho-
rax with two shallow depressions and three elevations occupying the
middle third; antennas of male one-half the length of body; length
7.5 mm. 19. DISPAR.

aa. Ninth and tenth antennal joints not emarginate; thorax with impres-
sions and elevations less marked; antennas in both sexes shorter than
body.
1). Pubescence mottled yellow, brown and black; length 4.7 — 6 mm.

20. MIXTUS.
Itb. Pubescence nearly black; length 4 mm. 21. MCESTUS.

19 (9215). PIEZOCORYXUS DISPAR Gyll., Schon., 1833, 140.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Sooty-black, rather thickly clothed with dark
brown and dull yellow pubescence, the latter forming a line bordering the
eyes and small spots in front of thorax at middle, and concentrated in a
few small scattered spots and a broad common sutural patch on the elytra,
the patch extending from the scutellum to the declivity and broader in
front; legs, including the tarsi, annulated with grayish-yellow. Ninth
and tenth joints of antennas obliquely emarginate at tip, the 10th and llth
joints together shorter than ninth. Head, beak and thorax densely and
finely reticulate-punctate. Elytra not wider than and about three times
as long as thorax, sides subparallel or very feebly diverging from base to
apical fifth, then broadly rounded to apex; disc with feebly impressed
rows of small, very close-set punctures; third and fifth intervals slightly
elevated and with alternating oblong spots of pale and dark pubescence.
Length 6 — 7.5 mm.

Wells and Crawford counties, Indiana, scarce; June 24 — July
1. ("arbondale. 111., June 22. Ranges from Bul'i'alo, X. Y., and
Pennsylvania to Missouri and Texas. Occurs on old logs and
under loose bark; also in fungus on dead beech and probably
other trees. Originally described from Brazil.

TRIBE II. AXTHRIBIXI. 35

20 (9216). PIEZOCORYXUS MIXTUS Lee., 1876, 402.

Oblong, cylindrical. Brown, opaque; thorax thinly, elytra thickly
clothed with short, prostrate brown, gray and dull yellow hairs, the latter
predominating on the elytra, the gray forming a large patch on head and
small spots on the alternate intervals of elytra; legs annulate with gray.
Antennae very slender, joints of club subequal in length, 10th and llth a
little shorter than the 9th, the 10th not narrower. Head and thorax very
densely punctured, the latter narrowed in front, not rounded at sides.
Elytra each with an obtuse elevation on basal fourth of second and third
intervals; striae with deep, close-set punctures; intervals tessellated. Length
4.7 — 6 mm.

Jennings Co., Indiana, scarce; sifted from debris at base of
maple trees; November 20. Avalou, Sea Isle, Ocean City and
Anglesea, N. J. ; June — August. Eanges from New Jersey to
southern Indiana, south to Florida. Occurs in same places as
does d is par.

21 (9217). PIEZOCORYNUS MCKSTUS LeConte, J. E., 1824, 172.

Resembles the preceding but smaller and more robust. Pubescence
finer and of a grayish-black color, tessellated with black on elytra; the
only white spots being two small dots on the thorax, one at middle of apical
margin, the other in front of the white scutellum; legs annulated with
dark gray. Length 4 mm.

Brigautiue Beach, New Jersey, rare; September. Known also
from District of Columbia, Georgia and Florida. Occurs rarely
on dead branches, old logs and under loose bark.

XI. ANTHKIBUS Geoff., 170-4. (Gr., "a flower" -f "to destroy.")

Oblong or subcylindrical species having the beak wider than
long, flat with sides parallel ; eyes rounded, convex, coarsely
granulated; antennae half as long as body, second and fourth
joints equal, each somewhat longer than third, 4 — 8 slightly
diminishing in length and increasing in thickness, 9 — 11 forming
a compressed oval club. First joint of tarsi slightly longer than
second, the latter triangular and emarginate, third as wide as
second, deeply bilobed ; claws acutely toothed at middle.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ANTHRIBUS.

a. Pubescence tufted; elytra with a large transverse white spot in front

of middle. 22. COKNUTUS.

aa. Pubescence short, uniform, dense yellow-gray. 23. LIVIDUS.

22 (9218). ANTHRIBUS CORNUTUS Say., 1831, 4; ibid, I, 262.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Brown with conspicuous tufts of dark hair

30 FAMILY II. AXTHRIBIDJE.

on thorax and elytra and a common trans-
verse white spot in front of the middle of lat-
ter. Beak feebly carinate above. Thorax con-
vex, as wide as long, the ridge on sides sinu-
ous, reaching the middle; disc with five tufts
of hair. Elytra cylindrical, not wider than
thorax; disc with feebly impressed rows of
rather large punctures. Length. 3.5 — 5.8 mm.
(Fig. 29.)

Jackson, Clark and Poser counties, In-
diana, scarce; May 12 — July 22. James-
burg, Da Costa, Atco and Cape May, N.
Fig. 29. x 7. (After Mariatt.) J. ', May 10 — July. Diinedin, Fla., fre-
quent; Jan. 24 — March 31. Ranges from Ontario, Canada, south
to Florida and Texas and west to Missouri. Occurs on dead
branches, especially of oak, and on woody fungi. Taken at light
at Enterprise, Fla., Nor. 2(5.

23 (9219). ANTHRIDUS LIVIDUS Lee., 1876, 403.

"Elongate-cylindrical. Brown, densely clothed with short depressed,
mud-colored hairs, club of antenna? dark. Beak entirely flat, not at all
carinate. Thorax longer than wide, slightly rounded on sides, narrowed
from middle to apex which is broadly rounded. Elytra with striae com-
posed of small distant punctures, entirely even and equal in width. Length
4.4 mm." (LeConte.)

Lake Harney, Sebastian Hirer, Florida, one specimen. Wil-
mington, X. C., April 16, ,on ocean beach. (Davis.} For some
reason, to us unknown, this species is transferred to Brachytarsus
in Borie's Catalogue.

XII. TOXOXOTUS Lac., ISfiO. (Gr., "curve" + ubaek.")

Beak flat, as long as wide, emarginate in front, feebly cari-
nate; antennal carities large, deep, almost reaching the eyes;
antenna? of male longer than body, of female half as long, first
joint cylindrical, robust, half as long as second, the two to-
gether equal to third, 3 — 8 slender, subequal, !) clarate, its outer
half united with 10 and 11 to form a slender, loose club; fourth
ventral segment shorter than the others; legs thickly clothed
with erect, tiring hairs; first joint of tarsi in male prolonged as
a sharp spine.

24 (9220). TOXONOTUS FASCICULARIS Schon., 1833, 132.

Oblong, subcylindrical. Brown, densely clothed with ash-gray, white
and yellowish hairs, the latter covering the beak, forming a conspicuous
patch each side of front half of thorax and a line along each elytral inter-
val; the white hairs condensed into a conspicuous spot on declivity of ely-
tra. Thorax convex, strongly narrowed in front; disc with three promi-

TRIBE II. AXTHRIHIXI. 37

nent tubercles in a line across the middle. Elytra each with a large tuft
of brown hair on basal fourth, scattered smaller tufts on disc and a pro-
tuberance each side of the white apical patch; stria represented by rows of
minute distant punctures. Length 6.5 — 9.2 mm.

Dunedin, Florida, rare; April 4. Common at Biscavne Rav;

t t 3

Marco, April 10; Key West. Originally described from Cuba.

XIII. EUPARIUS Scliou., 1833. (Gr., "beautiful" + "elbow.")

To our species usually listed under Crntofxtris the name
EI<IHU-IUH Schon. lias been recently restored by Bovie. Aside
from the characters given in keys, they have the beak Hat, as
long as head; eyes oval, prominent, coarsely granulated; anten-
nae short, reaching base of elytra in both sexes; joints 1 and 2
stout, subequai, third slender, twice as long as second, 4 — 8
gradually shorter, 9 — 11 larger, forming a loose compressed club
(Fig. 12, c) ; thorax with side margin reaching middle, base feebly
bisinuate with its lower margin well defined, thus causing the
transverse ridge to appear as if not basal.

25 (9221). Eui'ARius IIARMOREUS Oliv., 1795, 80, p. 12.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Sooty brown, rather thickly clothed with pale
brown and grayish-yellow hairs, the latter covering the beak, apical third
of thorax and forming a large common sutural spot, concave behind, near
middle of elytra, this usually bordered behind by a black bar; remainder
of surface mottled; legs annulate with gray and black or dark brown.
Thorax strongly narrowed and with sides concave in front; disc with a
wide, shallow feebly carinate median groove, coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Elytra not wider than thorax; disc with rows of rather coarse, deep,
close-set punctures; alternate intervals slightly more elevated. Length
3.5 — 8.5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana ; March 31 — November 8. Hiber-
nates as imago beneath logs and partly rotten beech and maple
stumps: taken mainly in woody fungi on oak logs and stumps;
in August from flowers of goldenrod and thoroughwort. Common
throughout New Jersey, May to August, on tree fungus and dead
trees, developing in fungus-attacked logs and stumps. Ormond,
Kissimmee and Dunedin, Fla.; frequent on woody fungi; Feb.
1 — April 4. Ranges from New England and Ontario to Iowa,
south to Florida and Texas. Varies much in size (one specimen
from Florida being only 3.5 mm. in length) and in mod lings, so
that numerous synonyms have been created by foreign writers.
Usually listed as tinnitus Fat)., but Olivier's name has priority
by six years.

26 (9222). EUPARIUS LUGUIUUS Oliv., 1795, 80, p. 13.

Oblong, robust. Velvety black varied with white, the latter usually
covering beak (Fig. 26), apical third of thorax and forming a large, very

38 FAMILY II. AXTIIUIIilDJE,

irregular patch on disc of elytra which usually extends to base and en-
closes a quadrate black scutellar space; apex of elytra white; legs annu-
late with black and white. Thorax less uneven than in marmoreus, the
median groove almost obsolete. Length 4 — 7 mm.

Vigo, Lawrence, Perry ;md Posey counties, Indiana, scarce;
April 25 — Oct. 20. Mobile, Alabama, April 11. A member of the
Austroriparian fauna ranging- from District of Columbia to Ar-
kansas, south to Florida and Texas. Occurs mainly in partly
woody white fungi growing on old logs and stumps.

XIV. BRACHYTARSUS Schon., 1826. ( Gr., "short" + '"tarsus.")

Short, stout species, somewhat resembling Bnic-lm* in form
and at times imitating their habits, but usually found on smut
of corn or similar fungus growths. The antennae are as long as
head and thorax, joints 1 and 2 stout, the second slightly the
longer, 3 — 8 shorter, 9 — 11 forming an oval, compressed club;
eyes coarsely granulated, emarginate in front; thorax rounded in
front, overhanging the head, basal ridge as described in key;
elytra with even and equal intervals; tarsi with first joint
scarcely longer than second, which is triangular and emarginate,
third deeply bilobed, as wide as second, claws toothed near tip,
so as to appear cleft. The larvae are said by Sharp, Cornstock
and Walsh to prey on Cocciclce, but we can find no definite record
of our American species being thus beneficial.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BRACHYTARSUS.

a. Legs annulated; elytra tessellated on alternate intervals.

27. ALTERXATUS.

aa. Legs not annulated.

b. Elytra each with two dark spots, one basal, the other behind the
middle. 28. STICTICUS.

bb Elytra without dark spots.

c. Form short and stout; length less than 2.3 mm.

(I. Pubescence mostly brown; ante-basal ridge extending forward
on sides one-third the length of thorax; length 2 — 2.2 mm.

29. TOMEXTOSUS.

dd. Pubescence mostly gray; ante-basal ridge scarcely extending

forwards; length 1.3 — 1.8 mm. 30. PAULULUS.

cc. Form more elongate; elytra more or less mottled with paler dots;

length 2.2—3.2 mm.

e. Pubescence coarse and dense, yellowish-gray. 31. LIMBATUS.

ee. Pubescence finer, scarcely mottled; body more elongate than

in Hmbatus. 32. PLUMBEUS.

27 (9223). BRACIIYTARSUS ALTERXATUS Say, 1827, 250; ibid, II, 314.

Oblong-oval, robust. Dark brown, thickly clothed with pale brown,
dark velvety brown and ash-gray hairs; elytra with rows of alternate gray
and dark brown spots; antennae reddish-brown, last three joints fuscous;

TRIBE II. ANTHRIBINI. 39

legs brownish, tibise with dusky bands, femora dusky. Beak flat, shorter
than head. Thorax convex, wider at base than long, densely and finely
punctate, tessellated with dark spots. Elytra broadly oval; striae fine,
their punctures fine, close-set. Length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent. March 31 — June 12.
Pawpaw Lake, Michigan, Aug. 7. Ft. Lee and Hudson county.
New Jersey. Ranges from New England and Ontario to Iowa,
south to Florida and Texas. Usually taken by sweeping meadows
and low vegetation. Has been reported as breeding in stored
corn, peas and cowpeas,* but not generally regarded as of
economic importance. Bred from the fungus Cystopus iponifpa-
pandurantr, parasitic on dodder, in Ohio; also from stem of wild
rye. Ely in us rirr/hiicns L. in Illinois (Webster). Pierce (1907,
295) has bred it in abundance from stems of a Composite, Hider-
aiitJuis rubiyhiosus T. & G., in Texas, the eggs being laid in the
tender lateral stem buds and at the base of the flower heads, the
larvae feeding in narrowly separated cells and pupating in cells
of brown dust.

28 (9229). BRACHYTARSUS STICTICUS Boh., Schon., 1833, 172.

Oblong, rather slender. Brown, thickly clothed with very short, dark
brown and grayish-yellow hairs; thorax much varied with sooty brown,
which does not extend on the front margin; elytra each with numerous
small, rounded and two larger dark spots; antennae pale reddish-brown, last
three joints fuscous, legs pale rufous, femora dusky at middle. Head flat,
dusky, paler toward apex of beak. Thorax convex, finely and densely punc-
tate, the basal ridge extending along the sides for nearly half their length.
Elytral stria? very fine, obsoletely punctate. Length 2.5 — 3 mm. (Fig. 30.)

Common throughout Indiana, Jan. 6 — June 2. Taken by

sweeping low herbage, sifting woody
debris and on flowers of button-
bush, Cephalanthus occidentnUs L. ;
the January specimen beneath log
near border of pond. Staten Island,
New York, June. Throughout New
Jersey, south of the Piedmont Plain,
May — July. Sauford and Dunedin,
Fla.; April 3 — Oct. 31. Ranges from
New England and Quebec, Canada,
to Iowa, south to Florida. Breeds
in the smut of corn and wheat, "Mr.
Lea having taken SO individuals

Fig. 30. 15. (After Forbes.) frf)m gjx ]loac]s of wheat." i $CHJ.)

The two spots of each elytron are sometimes united by a black

^Ouaintance, Ent. News, VIII, p. i.

40 FAMILY II. AXTHRIBIDJE.

sutural Hue and ''varieties occur in which the spots are obsolete,
and which are then separable from lintbatus only by the narrower
form and more elongate thorax." (LcConte.) Usually known as
B. variegatHS Say, but Jordan states* that this name was preoc-
cupied by Fourcroy (ITS.") for a European species. B. xticticiis
Boh. and B. obxolctiiH Fahr. are both synonyms, the former
having priority by six years.

29 (9228). BRACHYTARSUS TOMEMTOSUS Say, 1826, 251; ibid, II, 315.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, antennae and tibiae paler; terminal
joint of tarsi blackish and antennae fuscous at tip; above thickly covered by
short, fine, brownish or grayish-yellow hair. Thorax convex at middle,
slightly depressed before the base, its hind angles acute, the ridge extend-
ing forward on sides about one-third their length. Elytra with fine punc-
tured striae. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Starke and Steuben counties, Indiana, scarce; June 18 — Aug.
'2'->. Common throughout southern New Jersey. Ranges from
New England to Michigan, south to Florida. Occurs sometimes
abundantly on ragweed. Ambrosia artemisicefolia L.

30 (— — ). BRACHYTARSUS PAULTJLUS Casey, 1884, 194.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Black, above thickly clothed with fine
prostrate gray and brownish hairs, the latter more evident on middle of
disc of thorax and elytra, but more or less evenly intermixed with the
gray throughout the surface; beneath sparsely clothed with gray hairs;
tibiae, tarsi and basal joints of antennae pale reddish-brown. Head and beak
black, shining, very finely and densely granulate. Thorax at base slightly
wider than long, sides almost straight and evenly converging from base to
apex, the latter obtusely rounded and one-half the width of base; disc with
hind angles acute, the sculpture hidden by scales. Elytra oblong, sides
straight to apical fifth, then broadly rounded to apex; striae fine, rather
coarsely punctate; intervals feebly convex, minutely punctulate. Length
1.3—1.8 mm.

Putnam <1o., Ind., Sept. 21. Taken from pod of the bladder-
nut, XtapJiyJca tri folia L. Described from Delaware. Casey re-
ports it also from Asheville and Black Mountains, North Caro-
lina. Placed as a synonym of tonicntosus by Henshaw, but in
our opinion a very distinct species.

31 (9225). BRACHYTARSUS LIMBATUS Say, 1826, 250; ibid, II, 314.

Brownish-yellow or pale reddish-brown, clothed with short, pale yel-
lowish-gray hair; elytra mottled with paler; antennas and legs reddish-
brown, dusky beneath. Thorax with the line of the hind margin promi-

*.\nn. Soc. Ent. Belg., 1905.

TIUI'.E III. - AR.TOOCEKIXI. 41

nent, slightly undulated, approaching the posterior edge in the middle.
Elytral striae subacute, narrow, their punctures not large. Length 2.2 — 3.1
mm.

Bainbridge, Georgia; July 15. Known from Illinois, Penn-
sylvania and District of Columbia. "Lake Ashley and Cedar
Keys, Fla.; rare on swampy meadows/' (BcJururz.) Raised by
Schwarz from flower heads of the fine-leaved sneezeweed, Helcn-

iiun tciiitifolimit Xutt.

32 (9226). BRACHYTARSUS PLITMBEUS Lee., 1876, 406.

Oblong, cylindrical. Black, densely clothed with ash-gray pubescence,
not mottled; antenna? and legs testaceous, club and thighs darker. Thorax
with ridge extending forward on sides only one-third their length, not one-
half as in limbatus. Strict of elytra fine, punctured. Length 3.2 mm.

Highlands, New Jersey. Middle States. ''Of the same form
as Utubatitx, but a little narrower, the pubescence finer and of a
uniform gray color." (LeConlc.)

B. vest it us Lee., loc. cit., pubescence coarse and dense, brown-
ish-yellow, not mottled, length 2 mm., was described from Louisi-
ana and is reported as occurring at Agricultural College, Miss.,
in November.

XY. AXTHRIBULUS Lee., 187<i. (A small

Here belongs one small species differing from the Brachytarsi
in having the form more slender; sides of thorax broadly rounded,
the basal ridge only obtusely bent at the outer ends, not con-
tinuing along the sides; elytra slightly narrowed and rounded
near base, claws cleft at tips for about one-fourth their length.

33 (9230). AxTHRinuLrs ROTUXDATUS Lee.. 1876, 406.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark brown, densely clothed with very fine sil-
very gray and brown pubescence, antennae and legs reddish-brown, club
dusky. Thorax longer tlian wide, gradually narrowed in front, sides and
apex broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse, slightly rounded. Elytra oval,
convex, slightly wider than base of thorax, humeral angles rounded, striae
deep, punctured. Length 1.4 — 2.4 mm.

Throughout southern New Jersey; May 21 — August 14. Tyl >'->•.'
Island, Georgia, April 20. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 2!) — Apr. 4.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana in the
coastwise states and reaches Mexico. Occurs in swampy meadows,
on flowers of huckleberry, etc.

Tribe III. AR.EOCERINI.

This tribe comprises small species having the antenn;e in-
serted in small foveu1 upon the upper surface of base of beak; an-

FAMILY II. AXTHR1BIDJK.

tennse slender, the last three joints forming a loose club; trans-
verse carina of thorax basal, bent at right angles and extending
a short distance along the sides; elytra regularly striate. Two
genera represent the tribe in this country.

KEY TO GENERA OF AR.EOCERIXI.

a. Second joint of antennas shorter than first; eyes rounded.

XVI. ARJEOCERUS.
00. Second joint of antennae as long as first; eyes subovate.

XVII. CHORAGUS.

XVI. ARJEOCEUUS Schon., 1820. (Gr., "slender" -f- "horn.")

Beak short, wide, deflexed, the apex truncate; eyes rounded,
prominent ; thorax short, transverse, base bisinuate, hind angles
subacuminate ; elytra oblong, convex, the apex obtusely rounded ;
other characters as above.

Fig. 31. a, Larva; b, adult; c, pupa. X 7- (After Chittenden.)

34 (9231). ARJEOCERUS FASCICULATUS DeG., 1775, 276.

Ovate, convex. Dark brown to black or piceous, clothed with yellowish
and dark brown pubescence; intervals of elytra alternately tessellate with
brown and yellowish; antenna?, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown, club fuscous;
femora piceous at middle. Thorax very finely and exceedingly densely
punctate. Elytra with rows of fine, close-set, feebly impressed punctures;
intervals very finely and densely granulate-punctate. Length 2.5 — 4.5 mm.
(Fig. 31.)

Dunedin, Florida, April 1. A cosmopolitan species, known
as the coffee-beau weevil. Originated in India and recorded in
the United States from Ohio, New Jersey. District of Columbia,
Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. The lavvre attack seeds of
cacao, coffee, poke berries and a variety of similar products, in-
cluding, in the South, those of wild indigo, senna, cotton, and
even dried apples. Chittenden (1S9T, 36) records a visitation in
Washington, D. C., in 1895, in which the beetles, issuing in Au-

TRIBE III. ARvEOCKRIXI. 43

gust from sacks of Java coffee, attacked nearlv evervthin»- edible

C7 V t f^

in a grocery store until December. Motschulsky (18.~>r>, 77) re-
cords the importation of this species at the exposition in New
York in 1853 with the agricultural products from Cayenne, the
insects flying about as one approached the exhibits and continu-
ing to develop during the summer months.

The beetle is very active, running, leaping and flying readily
when disturbed, and is always liable to occur in seaports, but
does not become acclimatized north of the cotton belt, though it
feeds on a variety of plants. It closely resembles Brachytarsus
alteriHitus Say in form, size and markings, but is easily separated
by the position of the anteunal fovese.

XVII. CHORAGUS* Kirby, 1818. (A mythological name.)

Small brownish or blackish species resembling dwarf forms
of Cryptocephalus and having the beak short, flat, deflexed, di-
lated and subtruncate at tip ; antennae inserted on its upper basal
surface, joints 1 and 2 robust, conical, subequal, 6 — 8 slender,
elongate, 1) — 11 ovate-oblong; thorax convex, wider than long,
much narrowed in front, the base subsiuuate; scutellum minute;
elytra as wide at base as thorax, subcylindrical ; femora clavate,
tibiae almost straight, tarsi elongate. Four species occur in the
United States.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHORAGUS.

a. Larger, 2 or more mm.; form elongate-oval; elytra shining, 35. SATI.
««. Smaller, not over 1.3 mm.; form oval or oval-subcylindrical.

1). Body opaque without lustre; length 1.3 mm. 36. ZIMMERMANNI.

bb. Body shining.

c. Blackish-brown, finely pubescent; length 1.2 mm. 37. HARRISII.
cc. Piceous, not pubescent; length 1 mm. 38. NITENS.

35 (9233). CHORAGUS SAYI Lee., 1876, 408.

Elongate-oval, subcylindrical. Dark brown, the elytra paler, slightly
pubescent; antennae reddish-brown; tarsi piceous. Thorax minutely and
densely punctured. Elytra deeply striate-punctate, shining; intervals less
densely and more distinctly punctulate. Length 2.3 mm.

Orange Mts. and Jamesburg, New Jersey. District of Colum-
bia, not rare on dead twigs. Ohio, in twigs of dead beech in-
fested with fungus. Larger and narrower than the next with
darker legs and shining elytra.

*Jordan (Biologia, p. 382) has erected a new genus, liolostilpna, with Choragus jiitcus
Lee. as type. Until he treats the Anthribidae of the world in Genera Instclorum we
deem it premature to alter our nomenclature.

44 FAMILY II. ANTHRIBID.E.

36 (9232). CHOKAGUS ZIMMERMANNI Lee., 1876, 408.

Oval, subcylindrical. Brown, without lustre, slightly pubescent; an-
tenna and legs yellow. Thorax densely punctured. Elytra deeply striate-
punctate; intervals densely and finely punctulate. Length 1.3 mm.

Tyngsboro, Mass., July 28. Fort Lee and Hemlock Falls, New
Jersey. Ranges from New England to Florida, occurring on
sweetgnm, Liquidambar styraciflua L.

37 (9234). CHOEAGUS HARRISII Lee., 1878, 626.

"Elongate-oval, subcylindrical. Blackish-brown, shining, finely pubes-
cent. Thorax finely, less densely punctate, not opaque. Elytra with deep,
coarsely punctured striae; intervals not wider than the strise, scarcely punc-
tulate. Length 1.2 mm."

Detroit, Michigan, one specimen. ''Differs from .: i miner-
man ni and xtti/i by being more distinctly (though very finely)
pubescent and by neither the thorax nor elytra being opaque."
(LcConte.) The types of sayi at Cambridge differ apparently
only in size and it is very probable that Jiarrisii will prove to be
only a depauperate form of the larger species.

38 (9235). CHORAGVS NITEXS Lee., 1884, 32.

Oval, convex. Piceous, shining. Thorax finely punctured. Elytra with
the stris fine, distinctly punctured. Length 1 mm.

Tyugsboro, Mass., one specimen in Blanchard collection. Dis-
trict of Columbia on dead twigs. The above brief description was
published two years after LeCoute's death by Dr. Horn as editor
of his manuscript notes. "Quite different from the other three
species in our fauna by the shining surface and smaller size."

(LcGontc.)

Tribe IV. XENORCHESTINI.

Very small oval or ovate, strongly convex, glabrous species
having the beak so short as to be not distinct from the front;
antennae inserted on the front, first and second joints longer
and stouter; 3 — 7 shorter, more slender, subequal; eighth sub-
triangular, slightly wider; !> — 11 wider, forming a loose chili;
thorax narrowed from the base forwards, transverse ridge basal.
flexed at the hind angles, continuing a short distance along the
sides; scutellum invisible; elytra not stria to; tarsi with the first
joint elongate, second triangular, emarginate, third bilobed ;
claws slender, simple. Two genera are represented in the United
States.

TRIBE IV. XEXORCHESTIXI. 4."

KEY TO GENERA OF XEA'ORCHESTIXI.

a. Upper surface without punctures. XVIII. XEXORCHESTES.

art. Thorax pimctured; elytra with irregular double rows of punctures.

XIX. EUXEXUS

XVITT. XENORCHESTES Woll., 1854. (Or., "strange"+Orchestes.)

39 (9236). XENORCHESTES AMERICANUS Motsch., 1873, 251.

Gibbose, acariform, narrowed in front. Dark brown or black, gla-
brous, shining, elytra with submetallic tinge; antennae and legs reddish-
brown. Head obtuse, eyes slightly flattened. Thorax in front as wide as
head, almost conical, wider behind, simply truncate at base. Elytra at
base as wide as thorax, ovate and dilated behind. Length 1.5 mm.

Mobile, Ala., found on bushes. (Motsch.} Biscayne, Fla.
"Florida and Texas." (LcCoute.}

XTX. EUXEXUS Lee., 1876. (Or., "beautiful" + ''host")

LeConte states that the only evident differences between this
genus and the preceding are the punctured surface and less ovate
form of body in Eui-cnus. The species have the general appear-
ance of minute Cryptocephalids. Two species are known.

40 (9237). EUXENUS PUNCTATUS Lee., 1876, 409.

"Oval, very convex, slightly narrower in front. Brownish-black, gla-
brous, shining; sides of elytra piceous, legs and base of antennae testaceous.
Head feebly punctulate. Thorax slightly wider at base than long, gradually
narrowed from the base forward, apex broadly rounded, base nearly rectili-
near; disc deeply but not coarsely punctured. Elytra scarcely wider than
base of thorax and punctured similarly, except that the punctures are ar-
ranged in irregular double rows, with narrow intervening smooth spaces.
Beneath brownish, punctured; ventral segments short, equal. Length 1.2
mm." (LeConte.)

Detroit, Michigan; Canada. District of Columbia, on twigs,
rare. (Ullcc.}

41 (9238). EUXENUS PICEUS Lee., 1878, 434.

Oval, rather elongate, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining. Thorax
sparsely punctulate. Elytra punctured, the punctures forming indistinct
striae towards the sides; two outer striae distinct, the outermost extending
from the base for one-third the length, the inner one entire, marginal stria
entire. Length 0.6 mm.

Tampa, Florida, April 11, on dry palmetto leaves. Lake
Poinsett, Crescent City and Haw Creek, Fla, on cabbage palmetto.
"Differs from /Hiiictdtiifi by the much smaller si/e, less distinctly
punctured thorax and by the legs being not testaceous but dark,
with onlv the tarsi vellowish." I LcCon/r.)

40 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

Family III. CURCULIONTD.E.

THE CURCULIOS OR WEEVILS.

A family of very large size comprising the great majority of
all Rhynchopliora. Its principal distinguishing; characters are
the presence of a definite, well developed beak, which is usually
long and curved downward ; labrum absent except in the first
subfamily; palpi short, rigid, nearly always concealed within the
mouth; elytra, except in the first four small subfamilies, each
with a strong fold on the under side and near its outer edge,
which limits a deep groove in which the upper edge of the abdo-
men fits.

In addition they have the head globose, mentum varying in
size but never concealing the base of the maxillae; antennae usu-
ally elbowed or geniculate (straight in the first eight subfam-
ilies) with the basal joint then much longer than any of the
others and forming an angle with them; funicle 3 — 7 jointed;
club distinct, composed of three joints, usually ringed or amm-
lated; thorax varying in form and without sutures on the sides
separating the prosternum; front coxal cavities enclosed behind;
side pieces of inesosternuni never reaching the coxal cavity ; ely-
tra without epipleurae; pygidium usually covered, sometimes ex
posed; abdomen with five ventral segments, the first and second
closely united; front and middle coxae rounded, hind ones oval,
more or less widely separated ; tarsal claws variable.

More than iMl.OOO species of the family have been described
and many new ones are discovered each year. Of these more than
1,400 are from America north of Mexico. The family name,
Curculionidae, is founded on the old Liunaean genus Curculio,
which in turn was derived from the Latin and means a "corn-
worm" or "weevil." The genus Hylobius is the nearest approach
in this country to this old original genus.

The weevils feed chiefly on fruits, seeds and nuts, but no part
of the plant is exempt from the attacks of either the larvae or
the mature insects; buds, leaves, twigs, flowers, fruits, bark, pith,
galls and roots each being the special food of some Curculionid.
The eggs are deposited by the mother beetle in the midst of the

*R. P. Dow in a letter to the authors states that "the word is cure = 'circle' + io,
meaning, he who, or that which, alluding to the footless larva which curls up."

THE CURCULIOS OR WEEVILS. 47

food and the 3arv;v are soft white maggot-like grubs, always des-
titute of legs, though in the place of the latter are often little
elevations or papilla? which are sometimes surrounded or
crowned by a circle of minute bristles. The form of the larvae
is subcylindric or rather convex, not flattened, and they have the
head free, exserted and covered with a hard chitin and the mouth
extending downward. When quiescent they assume the form
of a curve, the front part of the body being a little thicker.
Familar examples are the white "worms" found in chestnuts and
hickory-nuts. Their jaws are strong and heavy and with them
they gnaw those parts of the plants which serve for food. Most
of the larva? transform within the vegetable substances upon
which they have lived ; others, however, enter the ground and
there change to pupa? and then to imagoes. The mature beetles
are most of them diurnal in habit and love to rest upon foliage
and enjoy the sunshine. Some are without inner wings and un-
able to fly. They walk slowly when disturbed but being without
means of defense or organs of flight, they soon turn back their
antennas into the grooves beneath the head, fold their legs, let go
all holds and tumble to earth. There they remain for some time
before resuming activity, their dull color usually resembling that
of the ground so closely that they readily escape notice.

Thirteen subfamilies of Curculiouidre are recognized in this
work, all of which are represented in our territory. They may
be separated by the following

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF CUKCULIONID.E.

a. Antennae straight, their grooves wanting.
1>. Club composed of completely separated joints. (Fig. 12.)
c. Thorax without side margin.

<!. Labrum present; palpi well developed, flexible (Figs. 10, 11);
form elongate-oblong. Subfamily I. RHINOMACERIN.E, p. 49.

dd. Labrum absent; palpi short, rigid.

e. Mandibles flat, toothed on inner and outer sides (Fig. 8) ; tibiae
with short terminal spurs at tip; claws free, bifid or acutely
toothed; form usually elongate-oval, subdepressed.

Subfamily II. RIIYXCHITIX.E, p. 52.

ee. Mandibles stout, pincer-shaped; tibias armed at tip with two
strong hooks; claws connate at base; form short-oval, ro-

Subfamily III. ATTELABIN.E, p. 61.

cc. Thorax acutely margined and excavated beneath; three dorsal seg-
ments exposed; form very short, stout.

Subfamily IV. PTEROCOLIX.E, p. 64.
bb. Club composed of compactly united joints.

48 FAMILY III. (.TIK'ULIONID.E.

f. Pygiclium concealed by elytra; trochanters large, femora attached
to their apex (Fig. 14); form pear-shaped; size, small, not over
4.5 mm. Subfamily V. APIOXIX.E, p. G5.

ff. Pygiclium exposed; trochanters small.

(/. First joint of antennae longer than second joint (Fig. 13, b.)

Jt. Hind femora very broad, their outer margin strongly curved,
crenulate; beak very slender, cylindrical; length 3.5 mm.

Subfamily VI. ALLOCORHYXIX.E, p. 90.

Jih. Hind femora normal; beak short and broad; length 12 or more
mm. Subfamily VII. ITHYCERIX^:, p. 91.

gg. First joint of antennas no longer than second joint (Fig. 13, d.) ;
beak short, broad; hind coxae very widely separated, their legs
elongate, clasping (Fig. lo); length less than 3 mm.

Subfamily VIII. TACHYGOXIX.E, p. 93.

aa. Antennae more or less completely elbowed, with the beak grooved for
their reception (Figs. 6, 16) ; club compact.

i. Abdomen of male and female dissimilar, male with an additional
anal segment; club of antennae usually annulated, sensitive, not
shining; tarsi usually dilated, third joint bilobed, brush-like be-
neath (Fig. 20), though narrow and setose in some subaquatic
species.

j. Prosternum simple or grooved for reception of beak, never forming
a triangular plate in front of the coxae.

k. Beak never long and slender; mandibles with a deciduous cusp,
leaving a scar (Fig. 7); habits often epigeal.

Subfamily IX. OTIORHYNCHIN^, p. 96.

kk. Beak usually elongate, slender, or if short and stout, received
in the breast in repose; mandibles without scar; habits palus-
tral or arboreal. Subfamily X. CURCULIOXIX.E, p. 137.

jj. Prosternum forming a triangular plate in front of the coxae; beak
received in the bi'east in repose; tarsi narrow, not dilated.

Subfamily XL THECESTERXIX.E, p. 515.

ii. Abdomen in male and female alike, pygidium of both sexes undivid-
ed;* club of antennae usually with its basal joint enlarged or shin-
ing or both (Fig. 13, e., f.: Fig. 16), feebly or not at all annulated;
tarsi frequently narrow, not brush-like beneath.

7. Pygidium covered; buccal cavity as in Curculioninae, peduncle of
mentum short, oral organs exposed; funicle with number of
joints frequently reduced. Subfamily XII. COSSOXIX.E, p. 518.

//. Pygidium exposed; buccal cavity elongate, peduncle of mentum
elongate, narrow; funicle 6-jointed.

Subfamily XIII. CALAXDIUX.E, p. 547.

*The anal segment of the male is quadrate and retractile in Calandrin;e, causing
the abdomen to appear alike in both sexes; it is broader and le_ss retractile in Cossonin;e
but not, as in Curculionidse, contiguous with the pygidium which is therefore undivided
in both sexes.

SUBFAMILY I. RII IX( >.\I ACKUI X.i:. 49

Subfamily T. RHINOMACERIN/E.

THE PINE-FLOWER SNOUT BEETLES.

The members of this small subfamily of snout beetles differ
from the other rureulionid.e not only in appearance, but funda-
mentally in having the labrnm present and distinct and the palpi
usually slender and flexible (Figs. 10, 11.) With the subfamilies
Rhynehitime, Attelabinae and Pterocolimp they form a diyision
(the HaiilofHtstra of Le('onte) in which the elytra are without
a fold on the under surface near the outer edge, and in which
the pygidium of the two sexes are alike. In our species the head
is prominent, not deflexed, beak as long as thorax, rather flat,
narrowest about the middle and without autennal grooves; man-
dibles flat, curved, acute, toothed on the inner side (Figs. 10, 11) ;
antennae 11-jointed, straight, inserted at the side of the beak near
tip, first joint stouter and sometimes one-third or more longer
than second, joints 2 — 6 nearly equal, 7 and 8 slightly shorter
and broader, 9 — 11 forming a loose, feebly developed club (Fig.
10); eyes small, convex, widely separated; thorax truncate be-
fore and behind; elytra punctured, not striate, rounded at tip,
covering the abdomen, the latter with five free and nearly equal
ventral segments; prosternal sutures distinct, widely separated,
parallel in front, then curving inwards; front coxse prominent,
contiguous; hind ones transverse, reaching sides of abdomen;
iegs slender; tarsi 4-jointed, the third joint broad and deeply
bilobed.

The typical genus, Rli'utonuH-cr, meaning "nose" and "long,"
was characterized by Fabricins in 1787, and on it a family was
founded in 1817 by Leach, and retained by LeConte. More re-
cent students, as Reitter in his "Bestimmungs Schltissel,'' have
regarded the Rhinomacerids as only a tribe or minor division of
Rhynehitimv, while others treat them as a subfamily of Curcul-
ionidje. We follow the latter method as, in our opinion, the
presence of the labrum and flexible palpi, combined with the
other characters above given, are sufficient to justify the reten-
tion of the group as a subfamily coordinate with Rhynchitinse,
Attelabime, etc. Such a treatment, moreover, simplifies the
classification of species by the average student and enables him
the more readily to get at the scientific name of the insect in
hand, this being the primary object of the authors in preparing
this work. But six species of the subfamily, belonging to two
genera, are known from North America. They occur on pine and

50 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

other coniferous trees, where they feed upon the stamiuate
flowers in which the eggs are laid. Dr. LeConte has said (1874,
391) that they represent an old and undifferentiated form which
"still clings to a very ancient and synthetic type of vegetation."
To the Coleoptera genuina they connect through the Pythidoe, to
which family they seem closely related both in structure and
habits.

Synopses of the principal tribes or genera of the subfamilies
Rhinomacerina?, Rhynchitinae, Attelabinae and Otiorhynchinae are
given by

Pierce, TT7. D.- — "Studies of North American Weevils," in Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mns., Vol. 37, 1909, 325—301.

"Miscellaneous Contributions to the Knowledge
of the Weevils of the Families Attelabida* and Brachy-
rhinida?," in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., "Vol. 45, 1913, 305—120.
The subfamily Khinomacermae is represented in the Eastern
United States and Europe by a single genus, which does not ap-
parently reach Central America.

I. RHIXOMACER Fab., 1787. (Gr., ''nose" -j- "long.")

From Diodyrlvynchus Schonh., the other North American
genus, this differs in having the maxillary palpi filiform and
flexible instead of short and rigid. The beak is broader and more
flattened in front of the antennae, and the epipleurae are much
less distinct. The males of Rliinomaccr differ from the females
in having the front tibiae longer and slightly curved inwards, the
beak longer, more slender and less dilated at tip, and the fifth
ventral with a slight median fovea. Our three eastern species
have the pubescence longer and coarser than those from the west.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF KHIXOilACER.

a. Body above uniform dark brown or fuscous; sides of thorax distinctly

rounded.

&. Surface without a brassy tinge; thorax convex above; pubescence

white, rather fine. 42. PILOSUS.

l>l>. Surface with a distinct brassy tinge; thorax flat or feebly concave

above; pubescence reddish-brown, very coarse. 43. ELONGATUS.

aa. Head and thorax black or blackish, elytra pale brownish-yellow; sides

of thorax almost straight. 44. PALLIPEXXIS.

42 (8196). RHINOMACER PILOSUS Lee., 1876, 2.

Elongate-oblong. Uniform brown or blackish-brown, antennae and legs
but slightly paler. Beak slender, striate, feebly punctured. Thorax not
longer than wide, sides strongly rounded, disc rather densely and finely
punctured. Elytra parallel, elongate, coarsely punctured. Length 3 — 3.6 mm.

SUBFAMILY I. RIIIXOM ACERIX.l^. 51

Lakehurst, New Jersey, April 22 — 20; Dunedin, Fla., Jan.
28. Ranges from Ontario and New England to Lake Superior
and California, south to Mississippi and Florida. The Florida
specimen has the first joint of antennae one-third longer than
second and the thorax less densely punctate than those from New
England.

43 (8197). RHINOMACER ELOXGATUS Lee., 1876, 2.

Eloiigate-oblong, more robust. Blackish or fuscous brown with a slight
brassy tinge; antennas, legs and apical half of beak distinctly paler. Beak
stouter and more coarsely sculptured than in pilosus. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, very densely and rather finely punctured, the sides
broadly rounded. Length 3.6 — 4.5 mm.

Jamesburg, New Jersey, May 25; Tyngsboro, Mass., April 25;
Toronto, Canada, May 15. Ranges from Ontario, New England
and Marquette, Michigan, south to Alabama and Mississippi.
Recorded as having been beaten from plum and peach trees in
Georgia.

44 (— — ). RHIXOJIACER PALLIPENNIS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, subparallel. Head, thorax and under surface black-
ish, feebly bronzed; elytra, legs and apical third of beak pale brownish-
yellow; antennas reddish-brown. Pubescence whitish, shorter, much finer
and less dense than in elongatus. Beak rather stout, shorter than thorax,
striate, coarsely and roughly punctate. Head coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Thorax subquadrate, slightly narrowed in front, sides almost straight,
slightly incurved near base; punctures of disc finer, less dense and more
oval than those of elongatus. Elytra one-third wider at base and two and
a half times longer than thorax, sides parallel to apical fifth, then round-
ed to apex, disc coarsely and rather densely punctate. Beneath finely,
closely and shallowly punctate. Length 3.2 — 3.5mm. (W. S. B.)

Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, July 7; Massachusetts and
Canada, LeConte Coll. ; New Jersey and Pennsylvania, Leng Coll.
Mixed in cabinets with clongulus, with which it was confused by
LeConte. At Cambridge two specimens of paUi/iciniis are set
by the side of his types of elongatus. all without locality labels.
In another place were two specimens bearing the labels ''Mass."
and "Can." It was probably of the latter that he wrote, after his
description of elongatus: "One female from Canada with pale
brown elytra 'has the form and sculpture of the other four ex-
cept that the thorax is scarcely at all rounded on the sides and
is less densely punctured, and the elytra are still more elon-
gated." From elongatuN, i>ullijH'iiniN is easily separated by the
characters given in key, as well as by the liner and paler pubes-
cence, shorter and more slender form, and more distinct fovea
of fifth ventral of male.

~>'2 FAMILY in.

Subfamily II. RHYNCHITIN/E.
Tin: TCOTIIK]) XOSK Sxorr UKKTLKS.

This subfamily comprises a small group of snout beetles whose
members are related to the Rhinomaeerimp but differ in having
no labrum ; in the mandibles being toothed on both inner and
outer sides and capable of being spread widely apart (Fig. St.
and in the presence of distinct epipleura>. When the mandibles
are closed the outer tooth at the end of each extends forward so
that two small acute teeth seem to project from the mouth. The
inner elytral fold is very feeble, being short, straight and remote
from the margin.

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Rhynchitids
have the head prominent, not deflexed ; beak slender, but feebly
broader or flattened in front of the antenna?; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed, short and rigid; antenna? 11-jointed, straight, the first
joint not elongated and scarcely stouter, 2 — S slender, 0 — 11
broader and forming a loose club; eyes small, convex, widely
separated; thorax convex, truncate before and behind; elytra
separately rounded and exposing the pygidium in -onie genera;
conjointly rounded and covering that segment in others; abdo-
men alike in both sexes with five free ventral segments slightly
diminishing in length; front and middle coxa? conical, contigu-
ous and prominent, hind ones transverse and reaching the elytra
or nearly so; legs slender, tarsi brush-like beneath, 4-jointed, the
third joint usually dilated and deeply bilobed; claws bifid or
acutely toothed.

A family Rliynchitida1 was founded by Le<'onte in 1S74, the
name being derived from that of the typical genus JHti/m-hitcx.
meaning "snout." By recent European authors this family has
been combined either with the Attelabina? or as a subfamily of
Ourculionidte. We prefer, for reasons already stated, the latter
arrangement. About 150 members of the subfamily are known,
31 of which have been described from the United States. Some
of the species roll leaves and deposit in each roll an egg (Fig.
34) ; others deposit their eggs in young fruit, the kernel of which
is eaten by the larva ; still others place the eggs in young buds of
trees which are destroyed by the grubs. In our species the body
is rather elongate or pear-shaped; the side pieces of the meso-
thorax are diagonally divided, the epimera not ascending to pro-
tect the legs, while those of the metal horax are narrow and par-
allel. Four genera of the subfamily are recognized from the

ii. — RHYXCIIITIX.T:. 53

United States, three of which are represented oast of the .Missis-
sippi.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF RHYNCHITINyE.

a. Pygidium covered by elytra, the latter entire.

1). Elytra not striate, more or less irregularly punctate; third joint of
tarsi not dilated. I. AULETES.

bb. Elytra striate, the punctures in rows; third joint of tarsi dilated.

II. EriiXAMPTUS.

act. Pygidium exposed, the elytra abbreviated, striate, the punctures in
rows; third joint of tarsi dilated. III. RHYNCIIITES.

I. AULETES Schonh., 1833. (Gr.. "to play on a flute.")

Eight species of this genus are known from the United States.
three of which occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF AULETES.

a. Antenna? inserted at middle of beak; body black, coarsely punctate;
larger, 3.3—3.8 mm. 45. ATER.

oo. Antennas inserted near base of beak; body brownish-yellow or fus-
cous black, finely punctate; smaller, not over 2.5 mm.
b. Pubescence longer, coarse, yellowish, forming a distinct pattern on
elytra; body uniform brownish-yellow. 46. CASSANDR.E.

bb. Pubescence short, white, very fine, irregularly distributed; color
usually fuscous black. 47. ALBOVESTITA.

45 (8201). AULETES ATER Lee., 1876, 4.

Oblong-oval. Black, thinly clothed with fine gray pubescence; antennae
and legs piceous. Beak longer than head and thorax, nearly straight,
coarsely punctured; head coarsely and densely punctured. Thorax as long
as wide, slightly narrowed in front, feebly rounded on sides, coarsely and
densely punctured. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, very convex, deeply,
very irregularly and coarsely punctate. Length. 3.3 — 3.8 mm.

Ramapo M ts.. Fort Lee, Milltown and Hear Swamp, X. J.,
May -1 — July '11. Staten Island, X. Y. Occurs on sweet fern,
Contfttoniii ficrif/rimi L. and barberry, Mi/rica. Ranges from
New England, Toronto, Can., Illinois, Michigan and Missouri,
south to Maryland.

«.

46 (8204). AULETES CASSANDRA: Lee., 1876, 5.

Oblong-oval, robust. Brownish-yellow, thinly clothed with rather long,
coarse yellowish pubescence, more dense on head, on median line and in a
band near apex of thorax, and in two irregular cross-bands on elytra, one
median, the other at apical fourth, the former prolonged along the suture
to base. Beak longer than head and thorax, somewhat stouter and more
flattened than in the next species, finely and sparsely punctate, the an-
tennae inserted at basal third. Thorax slightly broader than long, sides

54 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

feebly curved, disc more constricted near apex, finely and densely punctate.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, coarsely and; densely punc-
tate, the rows of punctures more irregular than in the next. Length 1.8 —
2.2 mm.

Ormond, Enterprise and Duuedin, Fla., Feb. IT — Dec. 3.
Beaten from foliage of the red-bay in winter and swept from the
flowers of huckleberry in spring. Easily distinguished from
aTborcstlta by the longer, more dense and coarser yellowish pub-
escence and stouter beak with antennae inserted farther from
base. The type in the LeConte collection is from Capron, Fla.
Specimens in the Horn collection at Philadelphia are from
Georgia, and it is doubtful if it occurs north of the Gulf and
South Atlantic States, the northern records under the name being
based on specimens of albovestita.

47 (— — ). AULETES ALEOVESTITA Sp. 110V.

Pale reddish-brown to fuscous, very thinly and irregularly clothed with
fine whitish hairs. Antennas inserted at basal fourth or fifth of beak, the
latter slender, subcylindrical, as long as head and thorax, alutaceous,
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly
longer than wide, sides feebly rounded, disc densely and finely punctured.
Elytra one-half wider than thorax, coarsely punctate, the punctures in near-
ly regular rows. Length, 2 mm. (W. S. B.)

Tyngsboro, Freetown and Dighton, Mass., May 28 — Sept. 13.
Orange Mts., Anglesea and Brigantine Beach, N. J., April — Au-
gust on bayberry, Myrica cerifera L. Occurs also on the foliage
of leather-leaf, Chamcedaphne calycnlata L., a low Ericad shrub,
probably throughout the Transition Life Zone. Ranges from New
England to Lake Superior, south to North Carolina. The ma-
jority of the New England specimens are uniform fuscous in hue.
LeConte confused this species with cassandrcc, his specimens from
Detroit, Mich., belonging here.

II. EUGNAMPTUS Schonh., 1839. (Gr., "easily flexible.")

Slender-bodied Rhynchitids, sparsely clothed with erect
bristly hairs and having long slender legs. The males have the
beak shorter, the eyes usually larger and closer together and the
mandibles with but one tooth on the outer side, those of female
being externally two-toothed. Eight species and five color vari-
eties are recognized by Pierce from the United States. Of these
live species and three color varieties occur east of the Mississippi
River.

SUBFAMILV ir. — RHYXCIIITIX.T:. r>.~)

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ETCiNA M 1'TTS.

a. Elytral intervals very narrow, convex, not wider than the strise;

punctures of striae large, quadrate, crowded; black or piceous, head

and thorax reddish-yellow. 48. STRIATUS.

act. Elytral intervals flat, or nearly so, wider than striae; punctures of

striae smaller, rounded; color variable.

1). Color usually uniform brownish-yellow; eyes of male not much larger
than those of female; head strongly punctured. 49. PUXCTICEPS.
&&. Color not as above; eyes of male distinctly larger than those of fe-
male and much closer together; head finely and more sparsely
punctured.

c. Front of head not sulcate; abdomen black.

(I. Elytra bluish-black; head behind the eyes cylindrical, not nar-
rowed; legs and thorax variable in color. 50. COLLARIS.
dd. Elytra dark reddish-brown or piceous; head narrowed behind
eyes; legs always pale, thorax reddish-yellow. 51. AXGUSTATUS.
cc. Front with short median sulcus or channel; abdomen in part or
wholly reddish-yellow. 52. SULCIFROXS.

48 (8205). EUGNAMPTUS STRIATUS Lee., 1876, 5.

Elongate, slender. Black, clothed with erect black hairs, head and
thorax reddish-yellow. Beak black, coarsely punctured, distinctly carinate
behind the antennae, which are inserted about the middle and are long and
slender; front sparsely punctured, foveate in male, obsoletely channeled in
female. Thorax longer than wide, sparsely and coarsely punctate; median
dorsal line deep, abbreviated at each end. Elytral stria? marked with
deep, transverse, close-set punctures; intervals narrow, each with a row
of minute, distant punctures. Length 4.5 — 4.7 mm.

Not recorded outside of Florida. Described from Haulover.
Taken at Ormond, Key West and Dnnedin. March 18 — April 14.
Ueaten from scrub oak.

49 (8208). EUGXAMPTUS PUNCTICEPS Lee., 1876, 6.

Brownish-yellow, elytra rarely in part piceous. Head not narrowed be-
hind, coarsely, not densely punctured; beak rather slender, not striate,
coarsely and sparsely punctate; antennae stouter than in our other species.
Thorax subcylindrical, longer than wide, narrowed in front, widest at mid-
dle; disc coarsely and rather closely punctured, feebly channeled. Punc-
tures of elytral striae small, round, close-set; intervals flat, each with a row
of very fine, distant punctures. Length 2.7 — 4 mm.

Described from Illinois and Georgia. Known also from
Maryland to Florida, Kansas, Texas and Nebraska. Clayton,
Ga., in July. At Plummer's Island, Md.. it occurs only on the
dwarf sumac, Kit us copall'ma L. The head is narr<Mver and beak
more slender than in collar is.

."»<; FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

50 (S207). EUGXAMPTUS COLLARIS Fab., 1801, II, 410.

Color variable as shown below; elytra blue-black, abdomen black. Beak
carinate at base in male, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Thorax as wide
as long, widest at middle; disc coarsely, rather sparsely and irregularly
punctate and with a shallow median depression on basal half. Elytra not
distinctly striate but the intervals each with a fine carina near the row of
large punctures and also with a row of much finer more distant seta-
bearing punctures external to the large ones. Length 3.5 — 4.7 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana; May 21 — July 13. Bealcn
from oak, walnut, butternut and hickory and swept from low
herbage along roadsides and the borders of woods. On hickory
in June and July near New York City. Ranges from New Eng-
land to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas.

Four color varieties are recognized by Tierce, three of which
have been taken in Indiana. The fourth, ruficrps, seems to be
confined to Texas and to deserve specific rank.

KEY TO COLOR VARIETIES OF E. COLLARIS FAB.

a. Thorax black.

1). Entirely black except elytra; head often with reddish frontal spot;
usually female. 50-a. XIGRIPES Melsh.

t>&. Body black, elytra bluish-black, legs reddish-yellow; both sexes in-
cluded. 50-b. FUSCIPES Pierce.

art. Thorax reddish-yellow.

c. Head black with reddish frontal spot; elytra bluish-black; legs pice-
ous or reddish-yellow; usually female. 50-c. COLLARIS Fab.

cc. Head, legs and antennae reddish-yellow; elytra bluish-black; both
sexes included. 50-d. RUFICEPS Pierce.

51 (8206). EUGNAMPTUS ANGUSTATUS Hbst., 1797, 140.

Head, thorax, prosternum and legs usually yellow, elytra dark brown
or piceous, antennae piceous. Head and beak rather finely and sparsely
punctate. Thorax semi-cylindrical, about as wide as long, disc finely and
sparsely punctate and with a short median impressed line. Elytra sculp-
tured as in collaris. Length 3.7 — 4.2 mm.

Lake, Starke, Kosciusko and Marion counties, Indiana,
scarce; June 7 — July 4. Toronto, Ontario. Abundant near Xe\v
York City in May, June and July, on hickory leaves. Range
more northern than that of coUaris. The status of this species
is as yet uncertain. LeConle i 1ST*!, <»| states that rullaris "may
be a dimorphic form of <nt(/iix/<itiix ;" if so the former name has
iii-iority. It is possible that mnjiixhitnx is the male of coUaris,
with the piceous color of elytra a characleristic of norlli'M-n spe-
cimens.

SUBFAMILY II. RH YXCH1TIX.K. ."

52 (8209). Ei-cxAMPTUs SULCIFROXS Gyll., Schonh., 1839, 343.

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax, legs and in part the under surface
reddish-yellow, elytra bluish-black, antennae piceous. Beak a little shorter
than head, the latter narrowed behind the eyes, sparsely punctate. Thorax
subcylindrical, slightly longer than wide; disc rather coarsely and sparsely
punctured. Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax, the punctures of
striag large; intervals narrow, feebly convex. Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., rare; June 11 — 12. I'eaten from oak. He-
scrib'^d from Carolina, and known from Alexandria, Ya., south
and southwest to Texas and Kansas. The Indiana specimens
were determined by Pierce. He has recorded (1013, 30!) ) the
species as "distinctly southern and differing structurally only by
the frontal sulciis," yet in his key to species he states that nu-
gustutnx haw the front silicate and that both species have the
thorax medially depressed. This does not agree with Gyllenhars
original description of xulcifronx, wherein he states: "Eiirf-
Hdnipto (in<inxt<ito valde similis, sed frons snlcata, thorax mm
canaliculatus."

III. KIIYXCHITES Schneider, 1791. (Gr., "snout.")
The members of this genus are more convex and robust and
are easily distinguished by the exposed pygidium. About 10
species are known from the United States, seven of which occur
in our territory,

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RHYXCIIITES.*

a. Surface distinctly pubescent; length 3.5 or more mm.

?>. Pubescence short, inconspicuous; body red above. 53. BICOLOR.

bl>. Pubescence long, erect, conspicuous.

c. Strial punctures distant, not very distinct; color blackish-bronzed,
elytra often paler. 54. .EXEIS.

cc. Strial punctures large, deep; color blue-black. 55. IIIIMTS.

aa. Surface glabrous or almost so; length less than 3 mm.

(/. Head strongly punctured; blue-bronzed; form more elongate; length

2.5 — 2.8 mm. 56. CYAXKI.I.IS.

dd. Head feebly punctured; form more robust; length less than 2.3 mm.

e Color above strongly coppery; beak in both sexes as long as thorax;

sub-basal elytral depression very distinct. 57. .ERATUS.

ee. Color above black or bluish-black, at most feebly brassy; elytral

depression feeble.

f. Beak of male shorter than thorax; of female one-fourth longer,
very slightly widened and flattened near apex.

58. PERPLEX is.

ff. Beak of both sexes as long as head and thorax, distinctly wid-
ened and flattened near tip. r>9. 1:1.1 si s.

*R. fossifi'inis Lee., cited in Smith's List of N. J. Ins.. is omitted. This name was
assigned to a single specimen from Mariposa, C'al., which "may have been an extreme
variation" (Pierce, 1909, 330); and there is no possibility of its beim; properly applied
to a New Jersey insect.

58

FAMILY in. — CURCULIOXID.T:.

53 (8210). RHYXCHITES BICOLOR Fab.,* 1798, I, 388.

Robust, convex, pyriform. Elytra, thorax and head behind eyes, bright

red; under surface, femora and beak
black; tibiae, tarsi and antennae pi-
ceous-black. Beak as long as head
and thorax, rather sparsely marked
with elongate punctures; antennae
inserted at its middle, their grooves
distinct. Thorax cylindrical, as
long as wide, rather densely and
finely punctate. Elytral striae in-
distinct, their punctures but little
coarser than those of intervals,
which are very dense. Beak of fe-

Fig. 3J. a, Female; b, claw; c, side view
of female. (After Chittenden.)

male shorter and stouter than in
male. Length 5 — 6.5 mm. (Fig. 32.)

Koscinsko and Marion counties, Indiana, scarce; June 2 —
July 5. Occurs on the blossoms and foliage of cultivated and
wild roses, probably throughout the northern half of the State.
Common near New York City on roses, June 13 — August, the
larvre in the hips. Ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but
principally northward in the Transition Life Zone. Known as
the "rose curculio" and recorded by Chittenden (1901, 98) as
occasionally doing much damage to cultivated roses, especially
Rosa rugosa hedges, by puncturing the flower buds, and also to
ripe blackberries and raspberries by puncturing the fruit with its
beak and causing it to decay. Remedies, hand picking and jarring
into vessels. When the insects occur on other plants than canes
bearing berries or on roses soon to blossom, spray with paris
green at the rate of a pound to 150 gallons of water.

54 (8211). RHYXCHITES ^EXEUS Boh., 1829, 22.

Form of bicolor. Either wholly black with a slight bronzed tinge,
or with the elytra a dull brownish-yellow. Beak slender, longer than head
and thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate in front of antennae, which are
inserted slightly behind the middle; front of head striate, coarsely and shal-
lowly punctate. Thorax short, bell-shaped, finely and rather densely punc-
tate. Punctures of elytral striae fine, less distinct than those of the inter-
vals, which are in irregular rows. Length 5 — 6.5 mm.

Lake, Lawrence and Posey counties. Indiana, scarce; June
3 — j^y 14. Bear Swamp, N. J., July 23. Fort Montgomery, X.
Y.. July 2G. Ranges from New York, Wisconsin and Michigan

*Sharp (1889) founded a new genus, Mcrhytichitcs, for this and an European
species, based upon the presence in them of a minute centrosternal piece of the pros-
ternum which "separates the apices of the proepimera," this being absent in our other
Kliynchitfs. We prefer to retain the species under the older name.

SUBFAMILY II. RHYXCHITINM:. 59

south to Florida and northwest to Manitoba and Oregon. Re-
corded by Pierce as occurring on wild sunflower, artichoke and
Psoralca mult i flora.

55 (8215). RHYNOHITES HIRTUS Fab., 1801, II, 421.

Oblong, elytra subdepressed. Blue-black above, black beneath. Beak
slender, as long as head and thorax, coarsely and sparsely punctate, cari-
nate at base. Thorax short, subcylindrical, widest at middle, rather sparse-
ly and coarsely punctate. Elytra two-thirds wider than thorax, the rows
of punctures, coarse, distinct; intervals each with a single row of fine dis-
tant punctures. Length 4 mm.

Posey Co., Indiana, rare; April 26. Fall River, Mass., June
11. Staten Island, N. Y., not common on black-jack oak (Quer-
cus marylandlca Muench.) ; May 25. Ormond and Sanford, Fla.,
March 20 — April 19. Occurs on rosin-weed (SilpJnuni integri-
folium Michx.), cutting the stems.* Ranges from New England
to Michigan south to Florida, where it is much more common
than in Indiana.

56 (8221). RHYNCHITES CYAXELLUS Lee., 1876, 8.

Elongate-oblong, convex. Above bluish-green slightly tinged with
bronze; under surface, legs and antennae black. Beak slender, longer than
thorax, female; one-fourth shorter, male; coarsely and densely reticulately
punctate; antennae inserted near basal third; front coarsely punctured,
without fovea. Thorax short, subcylindrical, not narrowed in front, coarse-
ly and densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, feebly im-
pressed behind the scutellum, the striae formed of rows of close-set, deep
punctures which are much wider than the intervals. Length 2.4 — 2.7 mm.

Lake and Martin counties, Indiana, scarce; June 21 — July 11.
Taken by sweeping. Reported abundant at Highlands, N. J., by
Chitteuden. Wales, Maine, Oct. 18. Fulton County, N. Y., May
18. Described from Massachusetts and Illinois, and known from
Newfoundland, Ottawa and Toronto, Canada, and New England
to Colorado. Occurs on willow leaves, sometimes abundantly.

57 (8222). RHYXCHITES /ERATUS Say, 1831, 5; ibid, I, 263.

Oblong, convex. Above coppery, clothed with very fine, sparse, pros-
trate hairs; brassy black beneath; antennae and tarsi piceous. Beak slen-
der, a little shorter than head and thorax, both it and front alutaceous and
finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than
wide, sides feebly rounded, disc densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra one-
half wider than thorax, sub-basal transverse impression very distinct when
viewed from the side; strial punctures large, transverse; intervals nar-
row. Length 2 — 2.3 mm.

*Forbes, Fifth 111. Rep., 75.

GO FAMILY III.

Perry Co., Indiana, rare; May 21. Beaten from oak. New
Jersey, "not rare on oak. May — July, but local. " Ranges from
Ontario and New England south to Florida and west to Missouri
and Nebraska. Packard records it as attacking the foliage of
willow in June at Brunswick, Maine.

58 (- -). RIIYXCIIITES PERPLEXUS Blatch., 1916, 95.

Oblong, subconvex. Above bluish-black, feebly brassy; antenna?, tibias
and tarsi piceous; under surface and femora black; pubescence very fine,
sparse, prostrate. Beak slightly shorter than thorax, male; one-fourth
longer, female; slightly widened and sculptured with coarse, elongate punc-
tures in front of antenna?; front bluish, strongly alutaceous, finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide at middle as long,
slightly narrowed in front and near base, densely and rather finely punc-
tate, the punctures more or less confluent. Elytra at base one-half wider
than thorax, sides subparallel tor four-fifths their length, then broadly
rounded to apex; disc feebly but distinctly depressed on basal third; strial
punctures coarse, rounded, wider than intervals. Pygidium sculptured like
front; side pieces of meso- and metasterna coarsely, rather closely punc-
tate; abdomen finely, very sparsely punctate. Length 1.6 — 1.8 mm.

Crawford Co., Indiana, June 24. Swept from low herbage.
Okefinokee Swamp, Ga., June. New Jersey, District of Colum-
bia (Lengcoll.) LeConte Collection, Mass. Easily distinguished
from (rratns by its color, shorter beak of male and more feeble
elytra! depression. Resembles ci/a-nellits but smaller, darker, beak
much shorter and head much more finely punctured. The eyes
of the male are round and somewhat larger than the elliptical.
more finely facetted ones of female.

59 (- -). RHYXCHITES ELUSUS Blatch., 1916, 96.

Oblong-oval. Black, feebly tinged with bronze; antenna? and legs
piceous, pubescence gray, very fine and sparse. Beak of both sexes as
long as head and thorax, much more finely sculptured than in perplexus ;
front bronzed, very finely alutaceous, minutely and very sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax shorter and wider than in the two preceding, widest at basal
third, its disc finely, deeply and very densely punctate, the punctures not
confluent. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax, sides parallel for
half their length, then broadly curved to the rounded apex; disc widely
an;l shallowly depressed at basal third; strial punctures smaller, rounded,
close-set. Abdomen alutaceous. finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.8—
2 mm.

Dunedin, Florida. March 24 — April ]:>. Seven specimens
swept from huckleberry blossoms. The much longer and apicaily
\vider beak, more finely sculptured front and broader thorax and
elytra separate this readily from both <n-<.i1nx and fH'rjtlc.niN.

ST'I'.KA.M ILY III. ATTKLAI'.IN.K. 61

Subfamily III. ATTELABIN/E.

THE LKAF-ROLLIXU WKKVILS.

This subfamily comprises a small group of usually glabrous
short-bodied, robust species differing from the Rhynchitids mainly
in the form of the mandibles, which are stout, pincer-shaped and
toothed on the inner side; in having the tibia1 armed at tips with
two strong hooks instead of small terminal spurs, and in the
tarsal daws being united or connate at base instead of free and
bifid.

In addition to the distinctive characters mentioned they have
the head prominent, not detlexed ; beak short, stout, wider at the
outer end; antenna1 inserted in short broad grooves on its upper
surface rather than on the sides, straight. 11-jointed, first and
second joints stouter, 1) — 11 larger and forming a loose elongate
club. Thorax truncate before and behind, convex. Elytra sepa-
rately rounded at tip, not covering the pygidium, which is corne-
ous and has its upper surface margined with a large deep
groove; epiplenra1 narrow but distinct. Abdomen with five short
ventral segments separated by straight sutures. Front coxa1
conical, prominent, contiguous; middle ones slightly transverse;
hind ones more transverse, nearly contiguous, the intercoxal
process acute. Legs stout; tibia? serrate on inner side; tarsi di-
lated, brush-like beneath, third joint deeply bilobed.

This subfamily represents the family Attelabida- founded by
Kirby in 1S37 upon the genus AttcJabiis of Linnrens. It comprises
only abom iMXI species most of which inhabit the tropics, reaching
Madagascar. Only five species belonging to the one genus ( Fig.
33) are known from the United States, four of which occur in
our territory. As their common name indicates, they live during
the larval stage in compact thimble-shaped rolls made from
leaves (Fig. 34). These rolls are formed by the female beetle and
are often found hanging by a narrow strip to the leaf from which
they were made. In each roll a. single egg is laid. The larva,
after hatching, feeds upon the inner part of the roll, and when
mature enters the ground to pupate.

I. ATTELABUS Linn., 1707. (Gr., "a kind of locust with-
out wings.")

Since this is the only genus of the subfamily it is sum'ciently
characterized above. The only known North American species
not occurring in our territory is .1. //om//.s- Lee., described from
New Mexico.

02 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF ATTEI.ABUS.

a. Surface glabrous; color above either mainly bright red or black.
l>. Elytra bright red (except in variety similis).

c. Front femora slender, not toothed in male; meso- and metasterna
black. 60. ANALIS.

cc. Front femora stout, toothed in male; under surface red.

61. XIGRIPES.

bb. Elytra black with two reddish spots. 62. BIPUSTULATUS.

aa. Surface pubescent; elytra dull red (rarely blackish in the melanic

northern form). 63. RHOIS.

60 (S224). ATTELABUS AXALIS Illig., 1805, 616.

Robust, pyriform. Elytra, thorax, base of head, prosternum and ab-
domen bright red; remainder of body, including appendages,
blue-black. Beak stout, shorter than head, narrowed near
middle at insertion of antennae, sparsely and finely punctate.
Head with two grooves between the eyes, coarsely and close-
ly punctate. Thorax bell-shaped, much narrowed in front,
sparsely and finely punctured. Elytra with rows of feebly
impressed moderate sized punctures. Side pieces of meso-
Fig. 33. and metasterna coarsely punctate. Ventral segments of
(After Lugger.) ma]e with two rowg Qf minute tubercles. Length 5—6 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in northern portion ;
May 25 — July S. Occurs mostly on the leaves or beneath the
bark of young hickory; also on oak and walnut. Abundant near
New York City, May — Sept., rolling the leaves of oak. Numerous
localities in Florida, Feb. 19 — April 0. Ranges from New Eng-
land and Ontario to Michigan, south to Florida and Texas. Some-
times confused with Rlnjncliltcs hirolor which it resembles in
color; apart from structural characters aintlis may be known by
the absence of hair on the surface; the hair is not conspicuous
in bicolor but easily seen when looked for. Florida specimens
are mostly much smaller than those from Indiana. A. similis
Kirby is a variety, which is darker in color with the elytra less
shining, described from Canada, and found by Wm. T. Davis at
Kock City, N. Y., in June.

61 (8225). AITELABUS XIGKIPES Lee., J. E., 1824, 171.

Form of analis, but usually smaller. Color above similar, the pygidium
often fuscous; under surface usually dull red; beak and legs black with-
out the bluish tinge of those of analis. Thorax less narrowed in front,
more finely punctate. Elytra shorter, proportionally broader and with
rows of coarser punctures. Front femora shorter, much thicker, and biden-
tate in males. Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Soul hern half of Indiana; scarce. May 12 — June 23. Beaten
from hickory. Abundant near New York City, May to Septem-

SUBFAMILY III. ATTELABINJE.

63

ber, rolling leaves of sumac. Described from Georgia and re-
ported from Florida. Eanges from Massachusetts to Kansas and
Colorado. Sumac is probably the only food plant, its occurrence
on other foliage being accidental. LeConte, in his original de-
scription, states that the breast of niyripes is black and its
length 3 lines (0 mm.). The species herewith described as ni-
gripes differs in these characters, but it is the one known under
that name in most collections.

C B

Fig. 34. A, Attclabits bipiistiilatns Fab.; B, alder leaf rolled

by Attclabns rhois Boh. X -I C> birch leaf rolled

by Rhynchites betnlff, a British species.

(After Packard & Sharp.)

62 (8226). ATTELABUS BIPUSTCLATUS Fab., 1801, II, 418.

Sliort, robust, pyriform. Black with a faint bluish tinge; elytra each
with an oblong red spot on hurnerus. Beak shorter than head, densely
reticulately punctured in front of antennas; head sulcate between the
eyes, sparsely and very finely punctate. Thorax bell-shaped, finely and
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rows of small, feebly impressed punctures.
Front thighs short, very stout in male, armed with a small acute tooth in
both sexes. Length 3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 34.)

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 6 — July 25. Beaten from
oak, hickory and walnut. Lakehurst, X. J., May to July, rolling
the leaves of oak; Stamford, Conn., July; Bloomsburg, Pa.. Sep-
tember 13. Ranges from Ontario and Massachusetts to Wiscon-
sin south and west to Missouri, Florida and Texas. Said by
Packard to infest especially the leaves of the red, post and laurel
oaks (Quercux rn~bra L., (J. minor Marsh and Q. inibriciiriu
Michx.). The eggs, which were deposited in late April, hatched
by May 15, fed on the dry substance of their nest, pupated within
the nest near the end of May, and the first beetles issued June
2, a second brood of larva? appearing in early July.

(U FAMILY III. - (TI

63 (8228). ATTELABU.S RHOIS Boh., 1829, 21.

Robust, pyriform. Uniform dull red*, rather thickly clothed with short,
prostrate yellowish pubescence. Beak short, roughly and coarsely punc-
tate in front of antenna; head carinate between the eyes. Thorax short,
about as wide as long, feebly narrowed in front; disc coarsely and densely
punctate and with a narrow median impressed line which extends for-
ward on the occiput. Elytra very roughly sculptured with rows of coarse
punctures; intervals narrow, marked with finer punctures. Length 4.5 —
5.5 mm.

Lake, Starke, Mai-shall and Yigo counties, Indiana, scarce:
•June 15 — 30. Occurs on hazelnut, alder and rose-mallow. Not
rare near New York City, on hazel, Corijlttx <iiii<Tic<tii<i Walt..
rolling leaves. May — July. Ranges from New England and Nova
Scotia west and southwest to Nebraska and Arizona. According
to Packard ( 1S!)0, <J:!2'|, the singular, thimble-like rolls of this
weevil may be found in June and July on the alder. When about
to lay her eggs, the female begins to eat a slit near the base of
the leaf on each side of the midrib, and at right angles to it. so
that the leaf may be folded together. Before beginning to roll
up the leaf she gnaws the stem nearly off, so that after the roll
is made, and has dried for perhaps a day, it is easily detached by
the wind and falls to the ground. When folding the leaf, she
tightly rolls it up, neatly tucking in the ends, until a compact,
cylindrical solid mass of vegetation is formed. Before the leaf
is entirely rolled she deposits a single egg, rarely two, in the
middle next to the midrib, where it lies loosely in a little cavity.
These rolls remain on the bushes sometimes for several days, but
probably drop by the time the larva escapes from the egg, and it
seems probable that the grub uses the roll for a shelter until it
matures and is ready to enter on its transformation to a beetle."

Subfamily IV. PTEROCOLIN/E.

THE SiroKT-wixoioi) WKKVILS.

The single species representing this subfamily in the eastern
United States differs from those of the two preceding subfam-
ilies not only in having the thorax acutely margined and ex-
cavated beneath as in some Histerids, but also in having a
shorter and more rounded form, in the antenna-1 being inserted
much nearer the eyes, and in having the elytra shorter, sepa-
rately rounded and widely separated at tips, thus exposing not

*An Adirondack specimen in Davis' collection is black except abdomen, tibi.-e and
tarsi; and a melanic form occurs at Mt. Washington, X. H., in August. (Frost.)

SUBFAMILY IV. I'TEROCOLINMi:. 65

only the pygidium but two additional
dorsal segments, all three of which are
corneous and densely punctured. They
differ also in having both front and mid-
dle coxte small, rounded and widely sep-
arated.

I. PTEROCOLUS Schun., 182(5.
(Or., "wing" + "truncate.")

G4 (8223). PTEROCOLUS OVATUS Fab., 1801, 426.

Short, rounded, very robust. Bright indigo
blue; antennae, beak and legs darker. Beak
Fig. 35, X 12. (Original.) much shorter than thorax, striate, finely punc-
tate. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly converging from base to
apex, disc finely and densely marked with elongate oval punctures.
Elytra subdepressed and sculptured with wide, shallow striae which are
coarsely and irregularly punctate. Length 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Lake, Starke and Marshall counties, Indiana, scarce; proba-
bly throughout the State ; June 11 — 30. Bear Swam]) and Lake-
hurst, N. J. ; June 16— July 27. Yaphank, X. Y., May 28, on
scrub oak. Stoneham, Mass., on new sprouts of oak. Dunedin,
Eustis, Sanford and Ormond, Fla., frequent; March 19 — April 11.
Ranges from New England to Iowa and Missouri, south to
Florida. Recorded as occurring on oak, plum, peach and wild
grape.

Subfamily V. APIONIN/E.

Small pear-shaped Rhynchophora having the mentum linear,
much longer than wide, inserted upon a short gular peduncle;
mandibles 3-toothed, the middle tooth curved, acute, forming the
apex ; antenna? straight, not elbowed, inserted in fovea? at the
sides of beak, 11-jointed, joints 1 and 2 stouter than the others,
the first longer than second, 9 — 11 broader and longer, forming
an oval, pubescent pointed club; eyes rounded or elliptical, con-
vex; thorax truncate in front, subsinuate behind, usually gradu-
ally narrowed from base to tip; elytra usually deeply striate,
inner wings large; prosternum very short, its sutures distinct;
mesosternum small, narrow between the coxa*; metasternum
slightly longer than the first ventral; first and second ventral
segments large, closely united, third and fourth very short; front
coxre conical, prominent, contiguous, middle ones round, nar-
rowly separated, hind ones small, transverse, widely sepa-

66

FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIPvK.

Fig. 36. Apion assimilc,

a European species

greatly enlarged.

(After Chit-

tenden.)

rated ; femora more or less club-shaped, sepa-
rated from the coxa? by the large intervening
trochanters (Fig 14), front tibia* longer than
the others; tarsi usually feebly dilated, daws
variable. Two genera represent the subfamily
in the United States. The principal papers
treating of the species of our fauna are as
follows :

X until. Joint B. — "Synopsis of the Apion-
in?e of North America," in Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., XI, 1884, 41—68.
Fall, H. C. — "Kevision of the Species of
Apion of America north of Mexico," in Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., XXV, 1898, 105—184.

KEY TO GENERA OF APIOXI>\E.

a. Front femora never distinctly stouter than the others; antennal club
larger, its last joint longer than the one preceding. I. APIOX.

aa. Front femora distinctly stouter than the others; antennal club rela-
tively very small, its last joint much shorter than either of the two
preceding. (Fig. 39, f. ) II. PODAPIOX.

I. Anox Herbst, HOT. (Gr., "a pear.")

To this genus, as characterized above, belong all but one of
the 110 or more species of the subfamily known from this coun-
try. They form a group remarkable for their general small size
and uniformity of color, shape and structure. The larva? feed,
for the most part, on seeds, principally those of legumes, though
some form galls on the stems and leaves of plants, others knots
on the roots, while a few bore into the pith and form a kind of
cocoon of the gnawed particles. The sexes of most species are
readily distinguished, the tip of the abdomen being visibly de-
flected in the male and more or less retracted in the female. The
males have also a small additional terminal dorsal segment which
is usually exposed, and their beaks are usually shorter and more
coarsely sculptured than those of female. The sexes of some
species, however are very difficult to separate.

As here restricted to the tribe Apionini of A Vaguer, 1910,
C' i/ld .^ being included in Brenthida1, this subfamily includes about
1,1100 species, found in all parts of the world, of which about H4
species have been recorded from east of the Mississippi River.
On account of their small size and uniformity of general appear-
ance thev are verv difficult to classifv. We have mainlv followed

SUBFAMILY V. AFIONIXJE.

67

Fall in the tables given for their separation but have added other
characters to the keys wherever it was thought that it would aid
the student. He first separates the species of the United Slates
into four groups, all of which are represented with us.

Fig. 37. Characters of Apion. a, Fiont femut of male of iiiipcditnin ; b, of im-
f'linctistriatnni ; c, of ntclanariiiiii : d, of desolatum; <?, of pennsylvanicum; f, front tibia
of male, usual form in Group 1; g, same of fiintiiiuiiu ; li, i, j, types of simple claws ot
Groups I and II; k, I, types of toothed claws in Groups III and IV; m, middle tarsus
of tcniiifoiiiic; 11, abdomen closely, coarsely punctate; o, abdomen sparsely, finely
punctate; j*-s, mucronate hind tibire of males of pervicax, patruele, walslui, and novellum;
t, first joint of middle tarsi of male of f'Ci'similc ; u, upper margin of antenna! fovea
angulate; tp, same not angulate. (After Fall.)

KEY TO GROUPS OF APION.

a. Tarsal claws simple or nearly so, (Fig. 37, li, i, ;',); pubescence almost

wanting.

l>. Front femora of male more or less swollen or tuberculate and with

a polished area toward the tip. (Fig. 37, a. — e.) GROUP I.

bb. Front femora of male unmodified. GROUP II.

act. Tarsal claws evidently toothed near the base (Fig. 37, k, I.) ; pubes-
cence usually plainly visible.

c. Tibiae of male, at least two pairs of them mucronate at tip. (Fig.
37, p, q, r, s.) GROUP III.

cc. Tibia3 of male unarmed at tip. GROUP IV.

GROUP I.

Our members of this group have the form generally slender,
the pubescence very sparse or nearly wanting, the surface very
shining. The males are distinguished by having the beak shorter,
dilated at the base and more strongly sculptured than in the fe-
male. The male front femora are more or less swollen or tuber-
culate on the inner face near the tip, the lower face of the swell-
ing being always polished; the femur is also usually grooved
lengthwise near the tip, the groove being limited on the outside by
a more or less well defined ridge, known as the infra-limiting
ridge. The front tibiae are rather suddenly though not strongly
widened at about the basal fourth, while the tips of the middle
and hind tibia? are armed with a small spine.

68 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXID.E.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I.*

a. Front femora of male with a conspicuous tubercle near tip. (Fig. 37,

a, 6, c.)

l>. Abdomen coarsely and closely punctate. (Fig. 37, n.)
c. Length 2 or more mm.

d. Thorax with base and apex subequal in width, its disc as wide

as long.

e. Humeri evident; body more parallel, less convex; legs red-
dish-brown. 65. 1MPEDITUM.
ee. Humeri absent; body more ovate, more convex; legs black.

G6. QUADRICOLLE.

eld. Thorax with base evidently wider than apex, its sides rather
prominent at middle; legs black. 67. IMPUXCTISTBIATUM.

cc. Smaller, length less than 2 mm.

f. Thorax longer than wide, densely punctate; surface bronzed,

legs black. 68. CORACELLUM.

//. Thorax slightly wider than long, sparsely punctate; legs and
antennas red. 69. ANCEPS.

b&. Abdomen much more finely and sparsely punctate. (Fig. 37, o.)
g. Thorax wider than long, its sides curved; body robust; eyes very
large. 70. ATRIPES.

gg. Thorax as long or longer than wide; body more slender; eyes

moderate.

Ji. Male with the polished area of front femora plainly striate,
the front tibiae strongly widened near apex. (Fig. 37, r/.)

71. FINITIMUM.

hh. Polished area of front femora of male not or inconspicuously

striate.
i. Humeri of elytra distinct.

;'. Smaller, length not over 2.2 mm.

k. Black, shining, usually with a faint brassy lustre; infra-
limiting ridge of front femur of male strong; legs
piceous. 72. MELAXARITM.

kk. Black without brassy lustre; form more narrow; infra-
limiting ridge feeble; legs rufous. 73. FLORIDAXTM.*
jj. Larger and more robust, length 2.5 mm., less shining and
without metallic lustre; infra-limiting ridge feeble or ab-
sent; legs black. 74. ROBTJSTUM.
ii. Humeri of elytra wanting; legs piceous-brown or paler; length
less than 2.5 mm. 75. OBSOLETUM.
aa. Front femora of male merely swollen, the tubercle absent. (Fig.

37, d, e.)
I. Size small, seldom exceeding 1.5 mm.

m. Legs reddish-brown; humeri wanting or very feeble; beak of
male stout. 76. DESOLATUM.*

mm. Legs black or piceous; beak of male more slender.
n. Humeri wanting.

o. Beak sinuate toward base; intervals flat; abdomen nearly
smooth. 77. SINUIROSTRUM.

*Species marked thus * are so far known only from the South Atlantic coastal

region.

SUBFAMILY V. APIOXIX..E. 00

oo. Beak as usual; intervals more or less convex; abdomen with

coarse numerous punctures. 78. MOLESTUM.

nn. Humeri distinct; length 1.5 — 1.8 mm. 79. MINUTUM.*

II. Larger, seldom less than 2 mm.; antennas black; humeri distinct.

80. PENNSYLVANICUM.

65. (- -). APION IMPEDITUM Fall, 1898, 113.

Very narrow, convex. Black, shining; pubescence very sparse. Beak
rather strongly curved, sparsely but distinctly punctate, its apical portion
strigose, subequal to head and thorax in male, one-fourth longer in female.
Antenna? rather slender, the first joint equal to or slightly longer than the
next two, the third more slender but about as long as second. Thorax
closely not coarsely punctate, its dorsal line nearly complete. Elytra very
narrow, sides parallel; intervals flat, not twice as wide as stria?. Length
2 — 2.3 mm.

Described from Peekskill, N. Y., and the District of Columbia.
Very close to r; •raticiun Smith.

66. (- -). APION QUADRICOLLE Fall, 1898, 113.

Black, not very shining. Beak of female cylindrical, strongly curved,
slightly longer than head and thorax. First antennal joint barely equal
to the two following. Thorax quadrate, as wide as long, sides parallel,
dorsal line nearly complete. Elytra strongly convex, sides evenly curved;
intervals flat, twice as wide as striae. Length 2 mm.

Described from Mississippi.

67. (8371). APION IMPUNCTISTRIATUM Smith, 1884, 48.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining, antenna3 piceous; pubes-
cence very short, scarcely visible. Beak finely strigose, minutely and
sparsely punctate, not strongly curved; a little shorter than head and tho-
rax, male; much longer and very slender, female. Antenna? slender, first
joint equal to the next two, male, or three, female; the second reaching
the eye. Thorax longer than wide, sides with an obtuse tubercle at mid-
dle; disc densely, rather coarsely punctate, its dorsal line complete.
Elytra broadly oval, strongly convex, widest just behind the middle;
intervals flat, twice as wide as striae. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Steuben and Crawford counties, Indiana, scarce: probably
throughout the State. May 13 — June 25. Arlington, N. J., Feb-
ruary— March. The punctures of elytral striae are visible, not-
withstanding the specific name. Readily known by its small size,
slender form, obtuse tubercle at side of thorax and coarsely punc-
tured abdomen. Ranges from Ontario and western Pennsylvania
to Michigan and Texas. Breeds in the stems of Heterotheca and
Ambrosia in Texas. (Pierce.)

68. (- -). APION CORACELI.UM Fall, 1898, 115.

Entirely black, more or less bronzed; pubescence fine and very
sparse. Beak of male slightly shorter than head and thorax, stouter in
basal third, nearly parallel and slender beyond the insertion of the an-

70 FAMILY III. CTRCULIOXIDJE.

tennse, shining in apical two-fifths, punctuation fine and sparse; of fe-
male much longer, very slender, not dilated, smoother. Thorax a little
longer than wide, cylindrical, sides slightly prominent at middle, surface
rather densely, not coarsely punctate, dorsal line nearly complete. Elytral
htimeri small but prominent, post-humeral sinuation well marked, inter-
vals flat. Claws nearly simple. Length l.G mm.

Described from the District of Columbia. Resembles minutum
but has the elytra longer and less veutricose, thorax more densely
punctate, front femora of male more swollen.

69. (- -). APION ANCEPS Fall, 1898, 115.

Black, legs and antennas rufous; pubescence almost wanting. Beak
of female subequal to head and thorax, slender, moderately curved, finely
sculptured, scarcely punctate, tip smooth. First joint of antenna? about
equal to the two following, third scarcely longer than fourth, second
reaching the eye. Thorax widest slightly behind the middle, apical and
basal constriction evident; disc with large, rather sparse, shallow punc-
tures, its dorsal line nearly complete. Elytra narrow, humeri small but
evident; striae shallow with widely spaced punctures, intervals flat.
Length 2 mm.

Described by Fall from a single female received by Blanchard
from Illinois.

70. (8377). APION ATRIPES Smith, 1884, 49.

Short, very robust. Black, shining; pubescence scarcely visible.
Beak of female slightly shorter than head and thorax, slender, cylindrical,
rather strongly curved, finely strigose and finely and sparsely punctate.
First antennal joint as long as the next two, third distinctly longer than
fourth, second reaching the eye. Thorax slightly wider than long, widest
at middle; disc coarsely and densely punctate, its dorsal line complete.
Elytra short, broad, less than one-half longer than wide; stria? rather
deep, their punctures elongate, well separated; intervals flat, twice as
wide as striae. Length 1.5 — l.S mm.

Lake county, Indiana, rare; July 30. Known heretofore
from Virginia, Georgia and Florida. The short robust form,
large eyes and wide thorax make it easily recognizable.

71. (- -). APION FINITIMUM Fall, 1898, 116.

Elongate. Black, elytra faintly tinged with blue, legs sometimes
piceous-brown. Beak of male very finely and sparsely punctate, polished
on apical half, barely as long as head and thorax; of female, much longer,
very slender, almost entirely polished. First joint of antenna? about equal
to next two, male, or three, female, the third joint reaching the eye. Tho-
rax as wide at middle as long, base a little wider than apex; disc rather
finely and closely punctate, the median line nearly complete. Elytra
not strongly widened at middle; intervals flat. Abdomen finely and
rather sparsely punctate. Length 1.8 — 2 mm.

SUBFAMILY V. APIONINJE. 71

Described from Massachusetts, District of Columbia and Port
Huron, Midi. The males have the femoral tubercle prominent
and rounded and the front tibia1 strongly dilated.

72. (8379). APION MELANARIUM Gei'st., 1854, 261.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining, elytra often with faint brassy
lustre; antennas and legs piceous; pubescence very sparse and inconspic-
uous. Beak of male scarcely longer than head and thorax, finely sculp-
tured and punctulate; of female, longer and more curved, very slender.
First joint of antennae subequal to the next two, male; seldom as long as
next three, female. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly diverging from
apex to base; disc rather finely, not very closely punctate, its dorsal line
almost complete. Elytra narrow, nearly twice as long as wide; intervals
nearly flat, about twice as wide as striae. Under surface finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 1.7 — 2.2 mm.

Not yet recognized from Indiana, though it undoubtedly
occurs as it ranges from Canada and New England to Iowa,
south to Florida and Texas, and is recorded from Michigan and
Illinois. Arlington, N. J., April — October. Closely related to
Itnnixi/lruniriim but the elytra more narrow and the front femora
of male strongly tuberculate, not merely swollen as in that
species.

73. (8374). APION FLORIDANUM Smith, 1884, 49.

Very narrow. Black, legs and antennae dark rufous, pubescence very
inconspicuous. Claws simple, femoral tubercle of male prominent, smooth
area rather strongly striate interiorly. Length 2 mm.

One male found at Capron, Fla. Nearest (Icftolutum in gen-
eral appearance, but differs by the evident humeri and stronger,
striate femoral tubercle. The unusually stout beak and the very
narrow elytra should make it easily recognizable.

74 (8365). APION ROBUSTUM Smith, 1884, 45.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, feebly shining; antennae and tibia?
piceous; pubescence very fine and sparse. Beak of male as long as head
and thorax, finely striate except at tip, minutely punctate; of female,
longer, more slender and more strongly curved. First joint of antennae
equal to the two following, male, or three, female, the third joint reaching
the eye. Thorax subcylindrical, a little longer than wide; disc finely, not
densely punctate, the median line deep, complete. Elytra widest and more
convex at middle; striae rather fine, their punctures distinct; intervals
flat, nearly three times as wide as striae. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Southern third of Indiana, scarce. May 0 — May 21. Swept
from low herbage. Ranges from Michigan to Missouri and Texas.
A. obesuni Smith is the female of robust inn.

72 FAMILY III. CURCULIONILXE.

75 (8363). APION OBSOLETUM Smith, 1884, 44.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, feebly shining, without metallic lus-
tre; antennas and legs piceous-brown. Beak of male as long as head and
thorax, not strongly curved, sparsely and finely punctate; of female, longer
and more slender. Thorax cylindrical, longer than wide, sides feebly
curved; disc rather finely and closely punctate, the dorsal line entire.
Elytra elongate-oval, nearly twice as long as wide; striae rather deep,
their punctures distinct; intervals feebly convex. Length 2.2 — 2.4 mm.
(Fig. 39, a.)

Recorded from Michigan, Missouri, Dakota and Nebraska.

76 (8372). APIOX DESOLATUM Smith, 1884, 48.

Slender, very much elongated. Entirely black, legs rufous. Beak
of male rather stout, shorter than head and thorax, nearly cylindrical,
moderately dilated, strigose almost to apex, its punctuation sparse but evi-
dent; of female longer, slender, strongly arcuate, smoother and more shin-
ing. Thorax cylindrical, a little longer than wide, sides slightly curved at
middle, surface rather sparsely, finely punctate, dorsal line feeble. Elytra
ovate, striae rather deep, intervals convex, tips prolonged in female. Claws
nearly simple. Smooth area of male front femur not striate, limiting ridge
evident. Abdomen sparsely, finely punctate. Length 1.6 mm.

Cape Sable, Florida. Described from -Georgia.

77 (- -). APION SINUIKOSTRUM Pall, 1898, 121.

Elongate. Black, with or without aeneous lustre; pubescence fine,
sparse. Beak unique, in that, when viewed in profile, it appears flattened
or even slightly concave at base, beginning at insertion of antennas. Claws
nearly simple, front thighs of male merely swollen, smooth area not notice-
ably striate. Length 1.7 mm.

Several examples from Lake Ashley, Florida.

78 (- -). APION MOLESTUM Fall, 1898, 121.

Moderately elongate. Black, shining, antennae brown, legs piceous.
Beak of male shorter than head and thorax, dilated one-third from base,
sparsely and finely punctate, polished and without punctures on apical
third; of female, longer than head and thorax, the finer sculpture extend-
ing to the middle or beyond. First joint of antennae equal to next two,
male, a little longer, female. Eyes prominent. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, apex nearly as wide as base; disc coarsely and closely punctate, the
median line complete. Elytra widest at or a little beyond the middle;
striae deep, intervals feebly convex. Abdomen rather coarsely and closely
punctate. Length 1.6 mm.

Marion, Dnbois, Crawford and Perry counties, Indiana, scarce;
May i:> — June 19. Taken by sweeping roadside herbage and by
boating oak. Described from Illinois.

79 (8380). APION MIXCTUM Smith, 1884, 50.

Entirely black; pubescence indistinct. Beak of male as long as head
and thorax, finely sculptured in basal half, thence polished to tip; of female,

sri'.FA.MiLv v. — Ai-ioxix.K. ,:',

a little longer, very slender. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than
wide, base a little wider than apex; disc sparsely punctate with nearly com-
plete dorsal line. Elytra rather short, strongly convex, htimeri small,
sides distinctly diverging, widest at middle; intervals feebly convex. Fe-
male with tips of elytra produced. Length 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Described from Georgia and Florida.

80 (83S1). APIOX PENXSYLVANICUM Boh., Schon., 1839, 417.

Elongate, slender. Black, usually with a faint brassy lustre. Beak
of male about as long as head and thorax, noticeably stouter at base than
beyond the dilation; basal half finely and sparsely punctate, apical half
polished; of female, longer and more slender. First joint of antennae
as long as the next two, male, or three, female, second joint reaching the
eye. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than wide, base a little wider
than apex; disc rather coarsely and closely punctate, the median line com-
plete or not. Elytra distinctly widening from base to middle, striae well
impressed; intervals feebly convex. Under surface finely and sparsely
punctate. Length 2 mm.

Lake, Vermillion, Marion, Hamilton and Vigo counties, In-
diana, scarce; April 21 — August 25. Arlington, N. J. Ranges
from Ontario and New England to Florida and westward to the
Pacific. The larger size, darker antennae, more distinct humeri and
more finely and sparsely punctate ventral segments distinguish
this from the preceding. A. erytlirocerum Smith is a synonym.

GROUP II.

To this group belong those species having simple or nearly
simple claws and whose males have the front femora unmodified.
As in the preceding group, the pubescence is very sparse. Only
three of the nine species included by Fall occur in our territory,
and another is herewith described.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II.

a. Legs and beak pale; antennae inserted very near the base of beak.

81. PERMINUTUM.

aa. Legs and beak black; antenual insertion less basal.

I). Form stout; thorax widest behind middle, slightly constricted be-
fore base; pubescence of sparsely placed, scale-like hairs.

82. RECLTJSUM.
bl>. Form very slender, elongate.

c. Elytra black; pubescence present but sparse; middle femora of

male swollen. 83. TENUIFORME.

cc. Elytra violaceous, pubescence wanting; basal half of thorax

parallel. 84. PULCHBUM.

81 (8410). APION PEBMINUTUM Smith, 1884, 59.

Elongate, depressed. Black; legs, antennae, beak and tips of elytra
yellowish or reddish brown; pubescence almost wanting. Beak shorter

74 FAMILY III — CURCULIONIDJE.

than head and thorax, nearly straight, slender, cylindrical, finely striate
only near base, not punctate. Antenna? short, first joint but slightly longer
than second and reaching the eyes. Thorax wider than long, widest behind
the middle, distinctly constricted near apex and base; disc rather coarsely,
sparsely and unevenly punctate and with a rather large, shallow basal
fovea. Elytra subparallel, stria? shallow; intervals rather wide, feebly con-
vex. Under surface finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.2 — 1.4 mm.

Ranges from Massachusetts south and southwest to Georgia,
Florida and Texas, and should therefore be looked for in southern
Indiana. Fall states that of 14 examples before him from widely
different localities, he was unable to distinguish the sexes.

82 (- -). APION RECLTJSUM Fall, 1898, 126.

Ovate, robust. Black, feebly shining, legs piceous. Beak stout, as
long as thorax, male, more slender and slightly longer, female; sparsely
and finely punctate above, more closely on sides. First joint of antennae
subequal to the two following, second about reaching the eye. Front wide,
punctate and deeply sulcate. Thorax large, wider than long; disc coarsely
and rather closely punctate, its basal half with an impressed line. Elytra
ovate, widest behind the middle; intervals wide, feebly convex. Under sur-
face sparsely punctate; the side pieces of meso- and metathorax clothed
with closely placed, white, scale-like hairs. Length 2.2 mm.

Known from New Jersey and District of Columbia, and may
also occur in southern Indiana.

83 (- -). APIOX TENUIFORJIE Fall, 1898, 129.

Very narrow. Black, sparsely pubescent. Beak about as long as head
and thorax, not slender, rather strongly curved, scarcely dilated, finely
sculptured nearly to the tip; punctuation sparse, fine, a little stronger at
the sides. Thorax about as long as wide, widest a little before the base,
sides parallel for a short distance at the apex, thence feebly arcuate to the
base, which is a little wider than apex; surface sparsely punctate, a short
impressed line at base. Claws simple. Male with middle femora stouter,
first joint of middle tarsi with a strong spiniform process on the inner
side. (Fig. 37, m.). Length 1.5 mm.

Described from Florida.

84 (— — ). APION PULCHRUM sp. nov.

Elongate, slender. Beak, thorax and elytra distinctly violaceous, an-
tenna? and tarsi piceous; pubescence visible only on the legs. Beak stout,
shorter than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Front finely tri-sul-
cate and punctate; eyes small. Thorax cylindrical, slightly longer than
broad, feebly constricted near apex, sides parallel; disc minutely alutaceous,
rather finely, not closely punctate and with a small, deep oblong fovea at
base. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, widest behind the middle;
very deeply striate, the stria? with large punctures; intervals convex. Un-
der surface very finely and indistinctly punctate, except on last three
ventrals where the punctures are more evident. Length 2 mm. (W. S. B.)

SUBFAMILY V. APIOXIX.K.

75

One specimen from Koscinsko county, Indiana ; .June 9. Close
to ptnirlimixHiii Smith from the Northwest, but differs in color,
in the almost total absence of pubescence, in the deep elytra!
stria? with their strong punctuation and in the very fine, almost
obsolete punctuation of the first and second ventrals.

Fig. 38. Characters . of Apion. a, Thorax not sinuate before the basal
margin; b, thorax sinuate near basal margin; c, thorax widest before the base,
not sinuate behind; d, head and beak of emaciipcx; c, thorax of crassiim; f,

same of dccoloratinn ; g, same of cuiaciipcs; h, head and beak of male of

segnipcs. (After Fall.)

GROUP III.

The species of this group have the claws plainly, usually
•strongly toothed at base (Fig. 37, k, I.) and the tibiae of male, at
least two pairs of them, with small spines at tip. In almost all
species the form is moderately robust, thorax more or less wider
than long, wider behind and with a basal fovea ; humeri well de-
veloped and the surface plainly pubescent. It is to this group
that all the older and better known species except segnipes and
•decolfii'uhtiit belong.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP III.*

a. Thorax slender, its sides nearly parallel, its base but little wider than

apex; front coxae of male with a conical tubercle at apex; surface

bronzed. 85. COXALE.

act. Sides of thorax not parallel, its base usually much wider than apex.

6. Thorax not sinuate on sides between middle and base, widest before

the base (Fig. 38, a, c.); surface bronzed.

c. First joint of antennae pale; tibiae and base of femora reddish-
brown; length 2.4 mm. 86. SMITHII.
eo. Antennae and legs entirely dark; thorax much wider than long;
length 1.5 — 2 mm. 87. METALLICUM.*

* Species marked thus * are so far known only from the South Atlantic coastal
region. In addition to the species of the key, A. tcniiirostntni Smith, for which the
•distribution is Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, Colorado and Montana, is included in Ulke's
D. C. list, and Smith gave D. C. as one of his localities in the original description; also
A. oblitum Smith, for which the distribution is Texas, Colorado and Nebraska, is in-
cluded in Smith's New Jersey list, and Smith himself included Florida among his original
localities. We have omitted both, however, as they are plainly western species, found by
accident or misidentified in the East.

7<5 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIRE.

•

b ft. Sides of thorax more or less sinuate behind the middle.

d. Base of thorax as wide or wider than middle. (Fig. 38, b.).
e. Antennae inserted very near base of beak, the first joint nearly or

quite reaching the eye.

/. Surface rather thickly clothed with white scale-like hairs,
beak slender. 88. MODESTUJI.

ff. Surface with fine, sparse pubescence; beak stouter.

89. PERVICAX.*

ee. Antenna? less basal, the first joint not reaching the eye.

g. Head excavated and polished beneath; surface reddish-bronzed.

90. GVLARE.*

gg. Head beneath as usual.

/;. Tibial spine with a short, subapical tooth on under side;
first joint of antennae barely as long as the next two, sec-
ond joint reaching the eye; elytral striae deep, the inter-
vals convex. 91. PATRCELE.

Jih. Tibial spine simple, without tooth.

i. Form elongate, elytra three-fourths longer than wide; body
beneath sparsely punctate; third joint of female anten-
nae reaching the eye. 92. WALSHII.
ii. Form stouter, more obese; second joint of antennae reach-
ing the eye; body beneath more closely punctate.
;'. First joint of antennae shorter than the next two.

k. Tibial spine short, more or less subangulate beneath;
thorax very coarsely punctate, its basal fovea deep,
elongate, conspicuous; length 1.8 — 2.4 mm.

93. PERFORICOLLE.

/,•/,•. Tibial spine long, simple; intervals much wider than
the striae; length 1.5 mm. 94. NOVELLUM.

jj. First joint of antennae subequal to the next two united.
L Pubescence sparse.

m. Elytral intervals flatter; hairs beneath less scale-
like; surface usually with bronzed lustre.

95. TURBULEXTUM.

mm. Elytral intervals noticeably convex; vestiture be-
neath decidedly scale-like; surface without
bronzed lustre. 96. IMPOBTUNVM.*

//. Pubescence conspicuous; elytral intervals flat, nearly
twice as wide as striae; surface usually bronzed.

97. GRiSErir.

dd. Thorax with the sides plainly narrowed before base, which is nar-
rower than the middle; larger, 2 or more mm., except in fur-
tivum.
n. Middle and hind tibiae only mucronate in male.

o. Elytral intervals strongly convex; pubescence very sparse.

98. PORCATrjr.
oo. Elytral intervals flat or nearly so.

l>. Sides of elytra nearly parallel; pubescence very sparse;
front tarsi of males not dilated; length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

99. ROSTRUM.

SUBFAMILY V. — APIONIN^E. 77

pp. Elytra widest slightly behind middle, their sides curved;

pubescence distinct; front tarsi of male dilated; length

2 — 2.5 mm. 100. NIGRUM.

nn. All the tibiae mucronate in male, the front ones sometimes min-

utely so.

q. Upper margin of antennal fovea scarcely at all angulate

(Fig. 37, v.) ; beak scarcely or not at all attenuate to-

ward tip; length 1.7 — 1.9 mm. 101. FURTIVUM.*

qq. Upper margin of antennal fovea rather strongly angulate

(Pig. 37, «.); beak strongly attenuate; length 2 — 2.5 mm.

102. CONFERTUM.*

85 (- -). APIOX COXALE Fall, 1898, 134.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, sometimes with a feeble greenish-
bronze lustre, finely and sparsely pubescent. Beak of male as long as
head and thorax, feebly curved, finely striate and punctate in basal two-
thirds, thence more finely punctate and shining to tip; of female longer,
more slender, very finely striate and punctate throughout. Thorax about
as long as wide, widest one-third from base; disc rather sparsely punctate,
its basal fovea elongate. Elytra not quite twice as long as wide, slightly
wider behind the middle in female; intervals feebly convex, less than
twice as wide as striae. Under surface rather sparsely punctate; side
pieces of meso- and metasterna clothed with white, scale-like hairs.
Length 1.9—2.1 mm.

Ranges from District of Columbia and North Carolina to
Arizona and Lower California, and liable, therefore, to occur in
Southern Indiana. The only species known to have the front
tnbercnlate in male.

86. (8417). APIOX SMITHII Wagner, 1909, 767.

Moderately elongate, robust. Black, thorax opaque, elytra with pur-
plish-bronze lustre; basal joints of antennae reddish-brown; pubescence
fine and sparse. Beak, in both sexes, as long as head and thorax, dilated
about one-third from base; finely striate and punctate, tip polished.
First joint of antennae about equal to the next two, second reaching the
eye, 7 and 8 wider than long. Front strongly punctate. Thorax slightly
wider than long, base not much wider than apex, sides curved; disc very
densely and coarsely punctate, its basal fovea small, round, deep. Elytra
about two-thirds longer than wide, sides subparallel; intervals wide, flat,
each with a single row of minute punctures. Under surface densely and
rather coarsely punctate, side pieces of meso- and metasterna clothed as in
coxale. Length 2.2 — 2.4 mm.

Wayne and Perry counties, Indiana, scarce; May 21 — May 26.
Taken by sweeping roadside herbage. Listed as (rncijx-inic Smith,
which name was preoccupied. Recorded heretofore only from
Virginia and District of Columbia, where Chittenden states

CT

(1908, .'>! i it was taken on a common tick-trefoil, Mciltoinia spf
When the beetles were confined with the leaves they riddled
them with minute holes. A handsome and easily recognized
species.

78 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

87. (8415). APIOX METALLicuii Gerst., 1854, 243.

Black, more or less aeneous, vestiture hairy, rather plentiful. Thorax
wider than long, widest before the base; sides not at all sinuate poste-
riorly. (Fig. 38, o.) Elytral intervals wide, flat. Middle and hind tibiae
of male with slender, simple spine. Length 1.5 — 2 mm.

Occurs in North and South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana and
Texas.

88. (8409). APIOX MOUESTUM Smith, 1884, 58.

Short, rather slender. Black, somewhat plentifully clothed with
white prostrate hairs. Beak slender, cylindrical, as long as thorax,
male, or head and thorax, female; finely and sparsely punctate, polished
in front of antennae. Eyes prominent. Thorax slightly wider than long,
its base and middle subequal in width, disc rather densely, not coarsely
punctate. Elytra subparallel, male, slightly wider behind the middle,
female, striae fine; intervals feebly convex on sides, nearly flat above.
Under surface rather sparsely and finely punctate. Length 1.5 mm.

Recorded from Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska. Florida and Ari-
zona. Easily known by its small size, slender polished beak and
basal insertion of antennae.

89. (- -). APIOX PERVICAX Fall, 1898, 139.

Black, with trace of aeneous lustre; surface finely rugulose; puDes-
cence fine, sparse. Beak of male barely as long as head and thorax,
rather slender and noticeably attenuate, basal dilation not strong, surface
polished beyond the dilation, punctuation fine and sparse; of female a lit-
tle longer and more slender, polished only in apical third. Front wider
than tip of beak. Thorax moderately closely punctured. Middle and hind
tibiae of male with very small spine. (Fig. 37, p. ) Length 1.4 — 1.6 mm.

Described from Tampa and Hillsboro, Florida.

90. (- -). APIOX GULARE Fall, 1898, 140.

Black with reddish-aeneous lustre, legs rufescent; vestiture consisting
of rather sparse squamiform hairs. Beak as long as head and thorax,
male; longer, more slender, female, rather feebly curved, cylindrical,
basal dilation moderate, tip slightly expanded, surface entirely shining,
sparsely punctate. Middle and hind tibia? of male minutely mucronate.
Length 1.6—1.9 mm.

Described from Key West and Biscayne, Florida.

91. (8425). APION PATRUELE Smith, 1884, 64.

Short, robust, strongly convex. Black, shining, sparsely and finely
pubescent; antennae and tibia? sometimes piceous. Beak rather stout.
finely punctate, as long as head and thorax, male; longer and very
finely punctate, female. Front sulcate. Thorax short, broader than long,

SritFA.MH.V V. AL'IOXIX.K. 79

slightly narrowed near apex; disc coarsely and rather densely punctate,
with a distinct rounded t'ovea at base. Elytra less than one-half longer
than wide, humeri prominent, sides parallel to beyond middle, strial punc-
tures large and deep, intervals nearly twice as wide as striae. Under sur-
face sparsely and finely, last ventral more coarsely, punctate. Length
1.6—2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the northern coun-
ties; April lM) — August 8. One from flowers of Celandine poppy,
Hlt/hijtJioriiiii <li/>Jii/lluni Mirhx. on the earlier date; beaten from
hazel and taken by sweeping. Sanford, Fla., April 0. Ranges
from New England to Florida and west to Illinois and Texas.
The short robust form, scant pubescence, short thorax and deep
elytra! stria* are its most distinguishing characters. "Found in
numbers in July on a climbing wild legume at Cold Spring Har-
bor, New York, and doubtless inhabits its pods."

92 (8405). APIOX WALSHII Smith, 1884, 57.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; pubescence fine but con-
spicuous. Beak feebly curved, finely striate and moderately punctate
throughout, slightly longer than thorax, male; as long or longer than
head and thorax, female. Front not sulcate. Thorax slightly wider than
long, apex scarcely narrower than base; disc densely and rather coarsely
punctate, its basal fovea small. Elytra widest behind the middle; stria?
deep, intervals nearly twice as wide as striae, more or less convex. Length
1.8—2.2 mm.

Kanges from Canada and New England to Michigan, Mon-
tana and California, south to Maryland. Probably a species of
the Transition Life Zone. Recorded as occurring on white birch
and in the galls of a willow.

93. (- -). APIOX PEKFOKICOLLE Fall, 1S98, 144.

Oval, robust. Black with faint brassy tinge; antenna? piceous; pubes-
cence short, sparse, prostrate. Beak dilated behind the antennae in both
sexes, barely as long as head and thorax, thickly and coarsely punctate at
base, apical third more shining, male; longer, very finely and sparsely
punctate, female. Front coarsely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than
long, sides subparallel to near middle, thence feebly curved to apex; disc
very coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, the basal fovea large. Elytra
scarcely one-half longer than wide, sides subparallel to behind the middle,
stria? rather deep; intervals flat, not quite twice as wide as striae. Under
surface coarsely punctate. Length 2 — 2.4 mm.

Pulaski county, Indiana, scarce; June 111 — July 1(1. Swept
from the lead plant, AmorpJia cancsccns Pursh. Determined by
Fall. Recorded only from along the Atlantic coast — southern
Xew • Jersey to Georgia.

80 FA JULY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

94. (- -). APIOX XOVEIXTJM Fall, 1898, 144.

Moderately robust. Black, pubescent. Beak of male barely as long
as head and thorax, scarcely dilated, feebly narrowed toward the tip, not
strongly or closely punctate, apical third polished ; of female slightly
longer, more slender, finely sculptured, very finely, sparsely punctate.
Thorax plainly wider than long, widest a little behind the middle, sub-
equal to the base, sides slightly sinuate before the base, which is some-
what expanded. Elytral intervals convex, much wider than the striae;
stitural angles rounded, male, not rounded, female. Middle and hind
tibiae of male with very long, slender spine, projecting at an. angle with
the tibiae. (Fig. 37, s.} Length 1.5 mm.

Described from District of Columbia.

95. (8400). APION TUBBULKXTUM Smith, 1884, 56.

Short, rather robust. Black, usually with a purplish bronzed lustre,
antennae more or less brownish. Beak of male as long as head and tho-
rax, minutely striate nearly to the tip, finely punctured above, more
coarsely on sides; of female slightly longer, more slender and shining,
very sparsely and minutely punctate throughout. Front with a median
sulcus, and a line of punctures each side. Thorax short, wider than long,
middle as wide as base; disc coarsely and rather densely punctate, the
basal fovea small, elongate. Elytra one-half longer than wide, hurneri
prominent; sides parallel to middle; intervals nearly flat, scarcely twice
as wide as striae. Under surface sparsely punctate, more closely along the
sides. Length 1.7- — 2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana; April 19 — July 29. Beaten
from the flowers of the panicled dogwood, Cornus candidlss'una
Marsh., and swept from huckleberry. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 26—
March 1(>. Ranges from New York and Michigan, south and
southwest to Arkansas and Texas. Said by Chittenden (1908, 31)
to live in the seeds of a tick-trefoil, Mcilnnnia niarylandica L.
Resembles .1. patruele but distinguished by its bronzed lustre and
flatter, more narrow intervals.

96 (- -). APIOX IMPORTUXUM Fall, 1898, 146.

Black, vestiture rather sparse, not fine. Claws toothed near base;
middle and hind tibiae of male with long, simple spine. Length 1.6 mm.

Occurs in Georgia and Florida. Very close to turbulcnluin,
from which it is separated by characters given in key and pre-
sumably by the locality, turlnilcntinn being heretofore unknown
south of the Potomac River.

97 (8412). APIOX GRISEUM Smith, 1884, 59.

Rather elongate, robust. Black, faintly tinged with bronze; conspic-
uously clothed with gray or yellowish prostrate hairs. Beak as long or

SUBFAMILY V. AJ'IOXINJE. 81

slightly longer than head and thorax, distinctly narrowed toward tip,
rather coarsely punctate and pubescent on basal two-thirds. First antennal
joint as long as the two or three following, second and third subequal.
Eyes prominent. Thorax wider at base than long, sides converging from
base to apex; disc densely and rather coarsely punctate, its basal fovea
small, distinct. Elytra one-third longer than wide, sides subparallel in
basal three-fourths; striae rather narrow, intervals wide and flat. Length
1.7 — 2 mm.

Occurs throughout Indiana, common in the southern counties,
Jess so northward ; April 12 — August 4. Taken from beneath
bark of oak and by sifting on the April date. Ranges from Quebec
and New York to Florida and westward to Colorado and Ari-
zona. Recorded by Ohittenden (1008, 29) as living and hiber-
nating in the seeds of the wild bean, PJiascolns poli/fthiclii/ns L.,
and as doing damage to cultivated species of the same genus. A.
fnilcrnuni Smith is said by Fall (1898) to be a synonym of
liriwinn but Smith (1909, 381) claims that it closely resembles
but is distinct from f/ri^cinn. It was separated by ''having the
surface much more finely and sparsely pubescent, the humeri of
elytra elevated." It occurs in the "southern and western states,"
and has been recorded as feeding on bush clover (Lespede.m)
and the small wild bean, »s7ro/>7/o.sf//7r* p<tnci flora Benth.

98 (- -). APION POKCATUM Boh., Schon., 1839, 374.

Large, very robust. Black, shining; antennae piceous; pubescence very
fine, sparse and inconspicuous. Beak as long, male, or slightly longer, fe-
male, than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate, polished in front of an-
tennae which are short; first joint slightly longer than the next two, the
second reaching the eye. Thorax wider at middle than long, widening from
apex to middle, thence either subparallel or slightly sinuate to base; disc
densely and rather coarsely punctate, the basal fovea elongate, deep. Elytra
one-fourth longer than wide, humeri prominent; striae wide, deep, coarsely
punctate; intervals strongly convex, but little wider than the striae. Un-
der surface rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.4 — 2.7 mm.

(Mark, Floyd, Perry and Posey counties, Indiana, scarce;
April 19 — June 21. Taken by sweeping. Near New York fity
it is always found on locust with n'njnun. Ranges from Massa-
chusetts, Virginia and Kentucky to Nebraska and Texas. Known
by the large size, short convex elytra, sparse pubescence and
strongly convex intervals.
99 (8423). APION EOSTKUM Say, 1826, 253; ibid, II, 316.

Robust, elytra subdepressed. Black, feebly shining; pubescence as in
porcattuii. Beak rather stout, as long as thorax, dilated at base, finely
punctate and with an elongate puncture above the insertion of the an-
tennae. First joint of antennae as long as the next two. not reaching the

82 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

eye. Front sulcate, eyes prominent. Thorax wider than long, sides rounded
at middle, narrowed before the base; disc densely, coarsely and continently
punctate, the basal fovea oval, large, deep. Elytra one-half longer than
wide, humeri prominent; intervals flat, twice as wide as striae, each with a
single row of minute, shallow, hair-bearing punctures. Under surface
coarsely and closely punctate. Length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

Pulaski, Starke and Wells counties, Indiana, frequent; June
18 — October 1. Taken from the pods of the false indigo, Bap-
tisia leucantha T. & G. in the seeds of which the larvae live. Said
to breed also in the seed pods of other plants of the same genus.
Staten Island, X. Y., Sept. ; Peekskill, N. Y. Ranges from New
Hampshire to Florida and westward to Wisconsin and Texas.
Our largest Indiana species of Apion.

100 (8424). Ai'iox XIGEUM Hbst, 1797, 122.

Moderately robust, not very convex. Black, feebly shining; distinctly
but sparsely pubescent. Beak of male as long as or slightly longer than
thorax, dilated at base, finely punctate, pubescent ; of female longer, scarce-
ly dilated, glabrous. First antennal joint subequal to the three following,
second reaching the eye. Front not sulcate. Thorax short, slightly wider
than long, narrower at apex and base, sides rounded; disc coarsely, closely
and shallowly punctate, the basal fovea distinct. Elytra one-half longer
than wide, striae deep; intervals flat or feebly convex, punctate as in ros-
trum. Under surface strongly and rather closely punctate. Length 2—
2.5 mm.

Throughout Indiana, frequent; April 22 — June 28. On locust,
Milburn, N. J., May — June; Black Mts., N. C. Ranges from New
England to Iowa and Kansas. Breeds in the seeds of the black
locust, Roblnia pscu<l<ic<ic'm L., the adults sometimes riddling the
leaves of the trees by cutting small round holes in them. Re-
corded also as feeding upon the foliage of the peach and wild
cherry. The male is unique among all others of that sex in our
fauna in having the front tarsi dilated.

101 (-- --). APION FURTIVUM Fall, 1898, 154.

Not very robust. Black, sparsely pubescent. Beak barely as long as
head and thorax, male, scarcely attenuate; obviously longer, female. Tho-
rax with the sides plainly narrowed behind the middle, which is as wide,
or even wider than the base; basal fovea deep, elongate. Elytral striae
shallow, intervals flat; sutural angles rounded, male; not rounded, female.
All the tibiae with a short mucro, that of the front ones minute. Legs rather
slender, beneath sparsely punctate. Length 1.7 — 1.9 mm.

Described from Georgia.

102 (8422). APIOX COXFEKTUM Smith, 1884, 63.

Similar to rostrum, but a little smaller and more elongate; robust, not
very convex. Black, sparsely pubescent. Tarsi smaller, the second joint

SUBFAMILY V. APIONINJE. 83

longer than wide and longer than the lobes of the third joint. All the tibiae
of male armed with a short, nearly simple mucro. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Occurs at Jacksonville and other points in Florida.

GROUP IV.

Our species of this group have the tarsal claws toothed and
the tibia1 of males unarmed at tip. With the exception of pcr-
in'uiHtiiin and sntitliii, all the Indiana species having the body or
appendages notably paler than black belong to this group. Of
the 35 species ascribed to the group by Fall, 10 are known from
our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP IV.*

a. Color black; appendages often pale.

b. Front coxae (at least in male) yellow; femora, front and middle tibiae
yellow. 103. AURIPES.*

bb. Coxae dark.

c. Antennae at least in part pale.
(7. Legs wholly black.

e. Thorax widest at base; first two joints and club of antennae

paler; beak shorter than head and thorax. 104. HURON.

ee. Thorax widest at middle; first joint of antennae pale; surface

with whitish hairs. 105. VARICORNE.*

rf(7. Legs in great part pale; club dark.

/. Larger, 2 — 2.6 mm.; beak as long or longer than head and

thorax. (Fig. 38, 7;.) 106. SEGNIPES.

//. Smaller, not over 1.7 mm.; beak short, stout, scarcely longer

than thorax. (Fig. 38, (7.)

g. Pubescence well marked; thorax feebly constricted near
apex (Fig. 38, f.); beak as long or longer than thorax;
tibiae annulate with black. 107. DECOLORATUJI.

gg. Pubescence fine, sparse, inconspicuous; thorax deeply con-
stricted behind apex (Fig. 38, g.) ; beak very short, broad,
subequal in length to thorax; tibiae wholly pale.

108. EMACIIPES.
cc. Antennae entirely black or at most piceous at base.

7;. Tarsi of male not spined on inner side near apex; legs black

or piceous.
I Thorax subconical (Fig. 38, e.}; legs black or rufescent.

109. CRASSUM.
n. Thorax with apical constriction.

;'. Elytral intervals strongly convex; beak longer, tapering.

110. CARIXATUM.
././. Elytral intervals feebly convex; beak shorter, parallel.

111. ATTENUATUJr.

*Species marked thus * are so far known only from the South Atlantic coastal
region. In addition to the species of the key A. spiinf>cs Fall, described from Arizona,
is included in the New Jersey list, possibly through misidentification; and A. vcntricosiis
Lee., distributed through Colorado, Texas and westward to Southern and Lower Cali-
fornia, is on the D. C. list, and Smith gives Massachusetts as a locality. We believe
this also must be an error.

FAMILY III. CURCULIONID^EJ.

7;/;. First joint of middle tarsi of male with a spiniform process on

inner side. (Fig. 37, t.)
k. Hind margin of antennal fovea extending obliquely backward

as usual.

/. Larger, 2.2 mm.; pubescence conspicuous; humeri well de-
veloped; metasternum normal. 112. EXTEXSUM.
11. Smaller, 1.4 — 2 mm.; pubescence inconspicuous; humeri
wanting; metasternum shorter than first ventral.

113. PARALLELTM.

A- 7,\ Hind margin of antennal fovea transverse; length 1.5 — 1.7
mm. 114. PERSIMILE.*

act. Color wholly or in part brown or pale.

in. Color pale reddish-brown; pubescence uniform, yellow; length 1.6 —
1.8 mm. 115. UVIDCM.*

mm. Color darker; pubescence unevenly distributed.

». Thorax feebly constricted in front, widest at base; claws feebly

toothed.

o. Second joint of antenna?, male, or third joint, female, reaching
the eye; beak dull nearly to tip, obviously longer in female;
subapical callus of elytra weak; length 2 — 2.4 mm.

116. PURITAXUM.

oo. First joint of antennae reaching the eye; subapical callus strong;
length 3 — 3.1 mm. 117. VMBOXIFERUM.

n n. Thorax rather strongly constricted in front, as wide or wider be-
hind than at base; claws distinctly though not strongly toothed;
beak in great part polished, almost without trace of the finer
sculpture in apical half, subequal in the sexes; length 2.5 — 2.9
mm. 118. HERCULAXUAI.

Fig. 39. a, .-If u>n obsoletum; b, .-1. lici'ciilanuin, side view; c, A. piiritaninii : d.
usual form of tarsus of Apion ; c, tarsus of Podapion; f, Podapion
la. (After Smith & Fall.)

103 (-

-). APION AIKIPES Fall, 1898, 157.

Moderately slender. Black, front coxae, all the femora and the front and
middle tibiae yellow; hind tibia? and all the tarsi dusky; pubescence fine
and sparse. Length 2 mm.

SUBFAMILY Y. APIOXIXJE. 85

Florida. Described from a single male in the Ulke collec-
tion. Looks like the European assiniilc. (Fig. 36.)

104 (- -). Anox iiriio.N Fall, 1898, 159.

Robust. Black, antennae piceous, the two basal joints and club red-
dish-brown; pubescence fine, plentiful, clothing the beak throughout in
male, wanting beyond the antenna? in female; densely clothing also the
front coxa? and prosternum and forming a whitish fringe partly around the
eyes. Beak feebly curved, scarcely dilated, barely longer than thorax,
male, finely striate and punctate. Front flat, without a depression near
the eyes. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides divergent from apex to
middle, thence parallel to base; disc densely and strongly punctate, its
basal fovea linear: Elytra one-third longer than wide, broadest behind the
middle; striae nearly as wide as intervals, the latter flat. Under surface
coarsely and rather closely punctate. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Known from (Quebec, Ann Arbor, Mich., and Illinois.

105 (8414). APION VARICORNE Smith, 1884, 60.

Black, often with more or less bronzed lustre; rather conspicuously
clothed with whitish hair, which becomes scale-like in front and beneath
and forms a ring about each eye; first joint of antennae pale. Beak nearly
straight in basal' three-fourths. Thorax widest before base, finely aluta-
ceous, its punctures well separated. Length 1.5 — 1.9 mm.

Dunedin, Florida, April 13 — November 22. Frequent on the
flowers and foliage of huckleberry. Known only from Georgia,
Florida, Texas and Oklahoma. Breeds in the flower-heads of
Paroscla u urea Nutt. (Pierce.)

106 (8411). APION SEGKIPES Say, 1831, 6; ibid, I, 264.

Oval, robust. Black, basal joints of antennae, femora except the knees,
and tibiae reddish; pubescence conspicuous, consisting of elongate grayish
prostrate hairs. Beak slender, nearly straight, as long as head and thorax,
male (Fig. 38, h.~) , longer and more slender, female; finely striate and
punctate throughout. First joint of antennae as long as the next two. male,
or three, female, second joint not reaching the eye. Front punctate, not
channeled. Thorax subconical, slightly wider at base than long, disc coarse-
ly and densely punctate, the basal fovea small or obsolete. Elytra nearly
parallel in basal two-thirds, striae narrow; intervals wide, flat, each with
two irregular rows of minute punctures. Length 2 — 2.6 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the northern coun-
ties; May 9 — August S. Taken from the ripening pods of the
goats' rue, ('raced riruhiiaiia L., and by sweeping. Lakehurst, N.
J., July. Clayton, Ga., June. Dunedin, Fla., April 3 — Nov. 9.
Ranges from New England and Ontario to Florida, Kansas and
Texas. Breeds also in the seeds of the milk vetch (Astragalus),

86 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

although the seeds of the goats' rue are recorded by most ob-
servers as the food of its larvae. Probably occurs wherever the
two ] daiits are found. The entire antenna? except the club are
often pale, and the pubescence is in dense patches at the bases
of the thiru intervals, on the front coxae and the side pieces of
the nicso- and metasterna.

107 (8388). APIOX DECOLORATUM Smith, 1884, 52.

Small, oval. Black, legs reddish-yellow, the femora and tibiae with a
dusky ring; antennae, except the club, usually reddish-brown; pubescence
short and sparse but distinct. Beak moderately punctate, pubescent in both
sexes. First joint of antenna? not much longer than second, the latter al-
most reaching the eye. Front but little wider than the tip of beak. Thorax
about as long as wide, one-half wider at base than apex, sides feebly curved,
subparallel in basal half; disc coarsely and closely punctate, the basal fovea
small. Elytra one-half longer than wide; intervals flat, not much wider
than the striae. Length 1.5 — 1.7 mm.

Marshall, Knox and Clarke counties, Indiana, scarce; prob-
ably throughout the State; May 0 — August 15. Taken by sifting
on the earlier date; bred from the seeds of Lespcde~a and Mcilto-
in ia in the State Entomological Laboratory in August. Eanges
from New England to North Carolina west and southwest to Iowa
and Arizona. Chittendeu (1008, .'>! ) records it as breeding in
the seeds of the tick-trefoils, Heibomia panicnlata L. and .!/.
<ir<in<lif1oni Walt., and exit holes noted in pods of all other spe-
cies of Meibomia about Washington, D. C., the beetles issuing in
lafe September.

108 (- -). APION EMACIIPES Fall, 1898, 166.

Form more obese than in decoloratum. Black, legs entirely yellow, or
with the femora piceous, antennae either pale throughout or almost wholly
piceous; pubescence finer and more sparse. Beak distinctly shorter, stouter
and more coarsely and irregularly punctate. Thorax smaller, wider than
long, more constricted near apex; disc coarsely, closely and unevenly punc-
tate. Elytra broader with more prominent humeri. Under surface coarse-
ly and closely punctate. Length 1.4 — 1.8 mm.

Kosciusko County, Indiana, rare; June 21. Taken by sweep-
ing. Fredericksburg, Ya. Known from Xew Hampshire to Mary-
land, Michigan and Illinois, south to Florida. Easily distin-
guished from the preceding by the shorter and wider beak and
wholly pale yellow tibio?.

109 (- -). APION CRASSUM Fall, 1898, 165.

Robust. Black, legs faintly rufescent; pubescence fine and sparse.
Beak of male strong, subparallel, fully as long as head and thorax, abrupt-
ly angularly dilated over the insertion of the antenna? at basal fourth;

SUBFAMILY V. APIONIN.K. 87

surface dull, coarsely but not deeply, irregularly punctate at the sides, less
coarsely above, a fine impressed line from base to middle. Thorax sub-
conical, sides nearly straight, apical and basal constrictions lacking; punc-
tuation moderately close, superficial. Claws evidently toothed near base,
tibia) unarmed. Length 2.8 mm.

Known from Penningtou Gap, Ya., and Southern Pines, North
Carolina.

110 (8390). APIOX CARIXATUM Smith, 1884, 52.

Rather stout. Black; antennae, tibiae and tarsi sometimes piceous;
pubescence fine, very sparse. Beak stout, slightly shorter than head and
thorax, rather coarsely punctate and with a groove between the antennae.
Antennae short, first joint scarcely as long as the next two combined, 6 — 8
wider than long, fourth reaching the eye. Front narrow, deeply bisulcate.
Thorax broader than long; sides subparallel on basal half, thence converg-
ing to apex; disc densely and rather coarsely punctate, the basal fovea
small, distinct. Elytra one-third longer than wide, humeri prominent;
striae wide, deep, the punctures large; intervals narrow, strongly convex.
Length 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Known from New England to Florida, west to Nebraska.
Nothing regarding its habits has been recorded.

111 (8420). APION ATTENUATUM Smith, 1884, 62.

Rather elongate. Black; legs and antennae sometimes dark brown or
piceous, pubescence rather sparse. Beak rather stout, equal to or slightly
shorter than head and thorax, coarsely, more or less rugosely punctate.
First joint of antennae slightly shorter than next two united, the second
not reaching the eye, the others broader than long. Thorax as long as wide,
sides as in carinatum; disc rather finely, shallowly and somewhat densely
punctate, the basal fovea small, linear. Elytra more than one-half longer
than wide, sides feebly divergent to beyond middle; striae wide, distinctly
punctate; intervals one-half wider than striae. Length 1.7 — 2 mm.

Ranges from Toronto, Canada, and Michigan to Oregon, south
to Texas and Lower California. Not yet identified from Indiana,
but undoubtedly occurs.

112 (8416). APION EXTEXSUM Smith, 1884, 61.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, feebly shining, antennae, except the
club, dark reddish brown; surface rather thickly clothed with gray pro-
strate hairs which are massed on the front coxae and the sides of the meso-
and metasterna. Beak subequal in length to head and thorax, evenly cur-
ved, finely striate and punctate. First joint of antennae nearly as long as
the three following, second reaching the eye, outer joints wider than long.
Thorax cylindrical, about as long as wide, one-fourth wider at base than
apex; disc rather coarsely and densely punctate, the basal fovea small.
Elytra narrow, subparallel; striae fine, shallow, intervals feebly convex.
Under surface deeply, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Length 2 — 2.3
mm.

FAMILY III. CURCULIOXIDJE.

Vermillion County, Indiana, rare; June 15. Determined by
Fall. Known heretofore from Dakota, Kansas and Montana.

113 (8368). APIOX PARALLKLUM Smith, 1884, 47.

Elongate, slender. Black, finely and sparsely pubescent ; first antennal
joint often yellow. Beak of male about as long as head and thorax, finely
striate, sparsely punctate; of female a little longer, less narrowed toward
tip. First joint of antennae equal to the next two, male, or three, female,
joints 6 — 8 wider than long. Thorax as long as wide, base barely wider than
apex, sides feebly curved; disc strongly and rather closely punctate, median
line incomplete, basal fovea present. Elytra narrow, striae wide, punctures
distinct; intervals narrow, convex. Under surface deeply, rather coarsely
and closely punctate. Length 1.5 — 2 mm.

Various localities in New Jersey in June and Julv. Recorded

*/ «.

from Massachusetts, New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois and Tennes-
see.

114 (- -). APIOX PERSIMILE Fall, 1898, 172.

Moderately robust. Entirely black; pubescence rather conspicuous, con-
sisting of perfectly recumbent cinereous hairs, which are more or less
scale-like, especially on the head, thorax and lower surface; on the elytra
they form a single tolerably even line on each interval. Beak of male short-
er than head and thorax, feebly dilated close to the base, slightly narrowing
to tip, apex shining, otherwise dull and moderately punctate; of female
slightly longer and more slender. Length 1.5 — 1.7 mm.

Described from specimens in Zimmermann collection, proba-
bly from the South Atlantic coast region.

115 (10,814). APIOX LIVIUUM Smith, Ent. Amer., 1887, 56.

Short, oval. Pale reddish-brown, legs yellowish; pubescence fine,
sparse, yellowish. The only species of this color, resembling emaciipes and
carinatnm in structure. Length 1.6 — 1.8 mm.

Pelican Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla. ; very common on the dead
vines of the wild cucumber I Mc/oHiria ) and in dense masses of
Spanish moss; March 5. Ormond, Duuedin and Crescent City,
Fla.; Feb. 23 — Apr. 14. Known only from Florida.

116 (- -). APIOX PUUITAXUM Fall, 1898, 174.

Moderately elongate, wider behind. Piceous-brown, the suture slightly
darker; pubescence of coarse, grayish-white hairs massed to form a curved
line on basal half of each elytron, a transverse subapical band, a spot
at base of third interval and a blotch on the sides of meso- and metas-
terna. Beak about as long as head and thorax, male, distinctly longer, fe-
male, finely striate and punctate and rather dull nearly to tip. First an-
tennal joint subequal to the next two, the second, male, or third, female,
reaching the eye. Thorax as long as wide, slightly wider at base, moderate-
ly punctate, basal fovea small, narrow. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
widest behind middle; intervals feebly convex. Length 2 — 2.4 mm. (Fig.
39, c.)

SUBFAMILY V. APIOXIN.E. 89

Lake County, Indiana, rare; June L'l. Known from Massa-
chusetts, New York and New -Jersey to Missouri and Illinois.
On Viburnum in June near New York City.

117 (— — ). APIOX UMBOXIFERUM Fall, 1898, 174.

Form and appearance of puritan it »i but larger and slightly more elon-
gate. Thorax with sides more curved near base, its basal fovea larger, more
shallow. Elytra with pale hairs of base more scattered, not condensed at
base of third interval or along the suture, the intervals wider, the fifth
with a prominent callus on the declivity. Sides of body beneath less densely
pubescent. Length 3 — 3.1 mm.

Described from Odenton and Harper's Ferry, Md. Probably
only a variety of pnritanum.

118 (8403). APIOX HERCULAXUM Smith, 1884, 56.

Differs from puritanum in having the base and extreme tip of elytra '
darker, the pubescence most noticeably condensed at base along the suture,
the beak polished and shining, the sides of the thorax more strongly round-
ed and the claws more strongly toothed. Length 2.5 — 2.9 mm. (Fig.
39, b.)

South Orange, N. J., and Peekskill, N. Y., on witch hazel ; June.
Ranges from Ontario and New England to Michigan and West
Virginia. Recorded by Hamilton as being abundant in Western
Pennsylvania in June on the maple-leaved arrow-wood. Viburnum
acerifolium L. ; also by Chittenden as reared from the dried fruit
of the sheepberry, ']'iburniim lait<i(/o L., and from those of dog-
wood. Corn us sp.?

In addition, the following species of Apion Avhich could not
be recognized by Smith or Fall, have been described, viz.:

(— — ). APIOX xooiRosTPvE Gerst., 1854, 261.

Black, subaeneous, slightly pubescent. Length 2 — 3 mm.

Occurs in Florida.

(8399). APIOX SUBGLOBOSUM Gerst., 1854, 243.

Dark seneous, very finely gray pubescent. Length 1.6 mm.

From North America.

(- -). APIOX RECOXDITUM Gyll., Schon., 1839, 432.
Blackish-aeneous, almost shining, glabrous. No size given.

Pennsylvania.

(- -). APIOX VII.E Gerst., 1854, 249.

Black, elongate, not pubescent, shining. Length 1.5 mm.

Occurs at Baltimore.

90 FAMILY III. CURCULIOXID.JE.

II. PODAPION Riley, 1883. (Gr., "foot" + "pear.")

Here belongs a single large species of gall-making Apiouid
having, in addition to the characters named in generic key, the
beak joining the head abruptly; elytral stria1 wide; legs short,
robust; coxa? narrowly separated; tarsi strongly dilated, the
joints wider than long, the third much the widest (Fig. 39, e) ;
claws simple. Larger and more elongate than any of our species
of Apinii, at first sight resembling a Magdolift but possessing the
characters of the subfamily Apioninre.

119 (8426). PODAPION GALLICOLA Riley, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., VI, 1883, 62.

Elongate, subcylindrical, parallel. Black, opaque, antennae and tarsi
piceous; pubescence very sparse, rather long, whitish. Head broad, front
rugosely punctate; eyes large, prominent; beak of male as long as thorax,
slender, not dilated, sparsely and very finely punctate; of female, slightly
longer, more slender and almost devoid of punctures. Antennag as long as
beak, inserted close to its base; first joint clavate, as long as the two follow-
ing united, 2 — 8 gradually decreasing in length. Thorax subcylindrical, as
wide as long, widest at middle, constricted near apex; disc finely and dense-
ly punctate, without median line or fovea. Elytra elongate, sides parallel
to near apex, stria1 deep, wide, with an apparently double row of irregular
close-set punctures; intervals flat, slightly wider than striae, finely alu-
taceous. Under surface scabrous and finely punctate. Length 3 — 4.5 mm.
(Fig. 39, /.)

Duuedin, Fla. ; March 31 ; one specimen swept from Ericads.
Washington, D. C. ; May 27. Ranges from New England to
California, south to Arkansas and Florida. Riley doc. cit.) first
found the species forming galls on the Jersey or scrub pine,
Finns virginiana Mill. The gall formed on the two-year old twigs
is spherical or ovoid, rarely elongate, 6 — 18 mm. in length and
smoother but of the same color as the twig. Its interior is hard,
woody, and usually with an abundance of liquid resin. The adult
beetle, known as the "pine gall weevil," emerges in May or June,
but one developing in each gall. As the fresh galls are found
only in spring, it is probable that the egg is laid in the one-year
old wood in June, and that either the egg or the larva remains
in the twig without producing the gall until the following spring.
Blanc-hard found the adult on the pitch pine, P. rigida Mill., in
Massachusetts, and Harrington both galls and beetles on the red
pine, P. rrsinosa Ait., near Ottawa, Canada.

Subfamily VI. ALLOCORHYNIN/E.

Beak very slender, cylindrical, slightly curved, somewhat
longer than head and thorax, female; antenna? straight, inserted
dose to the eyes on the under side of the beak, with a very loose,

SURFAM ILY VI. ALLOCORII YXINJE.

91

three-jointed club, basal joint elongate; month parts very small,
mandibles exhibiting no trace of angles; thorax flat, without
lateral margins; prosternum short, nearly all its length being
occupied by the subglobose front coxae; abdominal segments sub-
equal in length; tips of elytra separately- rounded leaving the
pygidium exposed; epipleura? narrow from the
humeri and disappearing about middle of ely-
tra ; tarsi broad, formed like those of a Clavi-
corn, first and second joints broad, third bilobed,
fourth small but visible between the lobes of the
third, terminal joint large with rather large
claws, joints 1 — 3 with long hairs projecting
from the sides; hind femora very broad, their
upper margin strongly curved, crenulate. The
Fig. 40. A, adult, only genus is

X 9! B, hind femur,

I. ALLOCORHYNUS Sharp, 1889.

iginal.)

To this genus, sufficiently characterized above, belong two
known species, one described from Mexico, the other from
Florida.

120 (— — ). ALLOCORHYNUS SLOSSONI Schaeff., Sci. Bull. Mus. Brook. Inst.,
I, 1905, 139.

Oblong, depressed. Reddish-yellow; elytra black, with an elongate red-
dish-yellow humeral space. Beak punctate in male, smooth, shining and
longer in female; head transverse, coarsely and sparsely punctured; anten-
nae with second joint shorter than the first, third subequal to the next two,
4 — 8 moniliform; last joint of club narrower, oval and acuminate at apex.
Thorax about twice as wide as long, sides crenate, broadly rounded to the
front, apex truncate, base feebly curved; hind angles obsolete, broadly
feebly rounded; disc smooth, shining, rather finely and sparsely punctate,
minutely alutaceous between the punctures. Elytra not wider at base than
thorax, shorter than abdomen, leaving the last segment exposed; sides
gradually but slightly diverging to apex, tips broadly and separately round-
ed; disc finely subrugose, punctured as the thorax, the punctures slightly
finer toward apex. Under surface smooth and shining; metasternum and
abdomen very sparsely and finely punctate. Length, including beak, 3.5
mm. male; 4.2 mm., female. (Fig. 40.)

Biscayne Bay, Fla. Discovered by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, to
whom it was dedicated. The beetles, as well as the larv;e, live in
the cone-shaped aments of the flowers and fruits of the "coon tie"
or Florida arrow-root, Zainlo integrifolia L.

Subfamily VII. ITHYCERIN/E.

The single large species which represents this subfamily in
the Eastern United States has the mandibles emarginate at tip,

FAM ILY III. CURCULIONIP.E.

with an inferior cusp; meiitum large, quadrate, supported on a
short, broad gular peduncle; beak one-half longer tlian head;
eyes small, rounded; antenna' straight, first and second joints
subequal, third distinctly longer than second, 4 — S gradually a
little shorter and broader; club small, oval, pointed; ventral seg-
ments nearly equal in length, the sutures straight; front coxa?
contiguous, middle ones narrowly separated; tibia? truncate at
tip; tarsi broad, spongy pubescent beneath, third joint deeply
bilobed; claws armed at middle with a small acute tooth. The
name of the subfamily is based upon that of the single genus.

I. ITIIYCBRUS Schon., ISiMi. (Or., "straight" -f "horn." )

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is in turn repre-
sented in our territory by the single species:

121 (8361). ITHYCERUS ^OVEIUIKACKXSIS Forst.. 1771, 35.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, shining, rather sparsely clothed with

a mixture of ash-gray and pale brown prostrate
hairs, the former in fresh specimens massed to
form a narrow median and two wider lateral
stripes on thorax and a very narrow pale stripe
along each alternate interval of elytra, each of
these being broken by three or four small
rounded tufts of black hairs, thus giving the
surface of elytra a peculiar mottled appear-
ance; scutellum dirty white. Head and beak
slightly longer than thorax, the beak carinate
along its middle, densely rugose-punctate. Thor-
ax subcylindrical, about as wide as long, apex
and base truncate, sides scarcely rounded, disc
densely rugose-punctate. Elytra at base nearly
twice as wide as thorax, sides parallel for four-
fifths their length, then suddenly converging to
an obtuse apex; disc indistinctly striate, stria?
coarsely punctate; intervals feebly convex, den-
sely rugose. Anal segment of male very convex, visible from beneath; py-
giclium deeply grooved in both sexes, projecting slightly beyond the ely-
tra. Length 12—18 mm. (Fig. 41.)

Frequent throughout Indiana ; more so in the northern coun-
ties; May 1!) — July ll*. 1'eaten from oak, hickory and beech, and
often found resting on the trunks of beech. Not rare near New
York (Mty in June. (Mayton. Georgia, in the mountains. Rile}*
calls it the "New York weevil," as Forster gave it the name of
norcl)or<tc<'>i*iN. which means New York, doubtless because he re-
ceived it from that State. It is the largest Curculiouid occurring
in Indiana, and ranges from Canada and New England as far as
west and south as Nebraska. Georgia and Texas. According to

Fig.

41, X 3-
Packard.)

(After

SUBFAMILY VIII. TAf'HYGONIX.K. !>.">

Riley (1871, 57) it breeds in the twigs and tender branches of
the bur oak, tfm'rcns iii<icro<-<irj><i Michx. ; ]irobably also in those
of the pig-nut hickory, Hicoria yl<il>r<i Mill. He states that it
does much damage to fruit trees in the spring by gnawing off the
render bark of the twigs before the buds have put out, and later
in the season by devouring the tender shoots. The female, in
ovipositing, first makes a small longitudinal excavation with her
jaws, eating upward toward the end of the branch, then turns
around and thrusts her egg into it.

Subfamily VIII. TACHYGONIN/E.

Very small species, so differing in structure and appearance
as to be readily recognized among all other Curculionids. They
have the body broadly ovate, subdepressed. usually partly clothed
•with semi-prostrate hairs and ornamented with tufts of pubes-
cence: head small: eyes large, very ' narrowly separated; beak
short, broad, and in repose received in a groove between the front
coxa1; antenna1 straight, 11-jointed, inserted near base of beak,
the first joint or scape shorter and narrower than second, club
elongate-oval, distinctly annulated ; thorax short, much narrower
than elytra, which do not cover the pygidinm ; first and second
ventral segments very large and connate, third and fourth very
short, fifth nearly as long as second, its apex rounded; coxa?
all widely separated, the hind ones extremely so, being situated
near the side margins of elytra; front and middle legs slender, the
tibia-1 armed with a terminal hook; third tarsal joint widely di-
lated, fourth as long as the first, its claws widely separated and
appendiculate. The hind legs (Fig. 15) are much longer and
stouter than the others, being so modified as to clasp the leaves
upon which the insect rests; as they are widely separated, they
are capable of being spread far apart, thus giving to the owner a
grasping power very great in proportion to its small size. The
beetles rest for the most part on the under side of leaves and fall
to a lower leaf or to the ground when disturbed. When about to
alight they turn back downwards and grasp the leaf with the
long curved hind legs.* One genus is known from the United
.•states, which is represented also in Mexico and South America.

I. TACHYGOXUS Schon., 1833. (Or., "swift" + "elbowed.")

To this genus, sufficiently characterized above, belong seven
nominal species, four of which have been recorded from the east-
ern States. For a synopsis of the species see:

*Zimmcrmann, Germ. Zeitsch., II, 1840, 155.

94

FAMILY III. CURCULIONID^E.

Casey, T. L.— Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 079—081.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TACHYGONUS.

a. Hind femora armed beneath with several long slender teeth.
&. Hind tibia? broad, strongly curved, feebly toothed on outer margin;
elytra with four tufts of dense white pubescence arranged in
pairs near and behind the middle, the hind pair widely separated.

c. Reddish brown, mottled with black; hind femora and base of
tibiae partly reddish. 122. LECONTEI.

cc. Black, elytra abruptly red at apical margin; hind legs black, fe-
mora red only above near the base; subsutural tufts diffused,
not well defined. 123. SPINIPES.

&&. Hind tibiae long, narrow, nearly straight, not toothed on outer mar-
gin; elytra black with a median reddish band, the pubescent tuft
single, small, central and divided by the suture. 124. GRACTLIPES.

aw. Hind femora finely serrulate, or with several small teeth beneath;
hind tibiae slender, slightly curved; elytra brown, variegated with
dusky, the tuft of pubescence as in gracilipes; hind legs brown.

125. FULVIPES.

122 (8821). TACHYGONUS LECONTEI Gyll., Schn., 1833, 312.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Above reddish-brown, the center of thorax

and two or three spots on each ely-
tron black, the surface rather thick-
ly clothed with white and tawny
prostrate divided hairs, and numer-
ous erect black or white bristles;
disc of thorax with a tuft of black
hairs each side of middle, and elytra
with four smaller tufts of white
ones; under surface and hind tibia?
black; front and middle legs and all
the tarsi pale reddish-brown. Thor-
ax bell shaped. Elytra broadly oval,
widest one-third from base, where

Fig. 42. Tachygomis Iccontei Gyll. x io;they are nearly twice as wide as
a, view of head and antennre; b, hind thorax, thence rapidly converging

leg. (After Lugger.)

to the rounded apex; disc with rows

of very coarse punctures; under surface coarsely and densely punctate.
Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Recorded from Caldwell, Lakelmrst, Gloucester and Atco, X.
J. ; July — Sept. Jacksonville and Ormoud, Fla., April 7 — 15.
Mobile, Ala., April 15. Ranges from New Jersey to Texas in the
coastwise states. Occurs on the leaves of young oaks.

123 ( ). TACHYGONUS SPINIPES Casey, 1897, 680.

Allied to lecontei but much smaller and less pubescent above. Black

SUBFAMILY VIII. TACHYGONINJE. 95

throughout, except the tip of the elytra, which is red; antennae and four
anterior legs pale flavotestaceous; basal half of hind femora above and
distal extremity of corresponding tarsi pale rufous; beak rufous at tip.
Hind tibiae much narrower, less bent and only feebly undulated along the
external edge. The prostrate white hairs of the body, as in lecontei, are
composite, consisting of three to seven hairs split from a very short com-
mon footstalk.* Length 2.1 mm.

Described from New Jersev. Recorded bv Smith from Erie;-

*j tf O

lish Creek, lona, Landisville, Dacosta and Seaville, N. J. ; also
taken at Lakehurst and Yaphank; May 20 — Oct. 1. Occurs on
oak.

124 (- -). TACHYGOXUS GRACILIPES Casey, 1897, 680.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Black, shining, elytra with a narrow su-
tural stripe and a broad median cross-bar, pale reddish-brown; antennas, tip
of beak, front and middle legs pale brownish-yellow; hind legs black, the
tarsi and tips of tibia? paler. Thorax conical, coarsely, sparsely and irreg-
ularly punctate. Elytra shaped as in lecontei, the disc with rows of large,
deep, close-set punctures, each bearing an erect grayish seta; intervals nar-
row, convex; a small tuft of soft white hair on the suture near basal fourth
and numerous scattered, semiprostrate hairs near tip. Under surface
coarsely and sparsely punctate, sparsely pubescent, more densely along the
sides. Hind tibia? longer than the tarsi, slightly curved, finely subserrate
on the outer side. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Posey County, Indiana, rare; June 11. Described from Ohio.
Recorded as T. tardipes Lee. from Ohio by Dury, who took it in
numbers by beating- white elm, TJlmus americana L., June 19;
also under the same name as rare near Washington, D. C., by
Hike. Tardipes is a southwestern species described from Texas,
and Casey's rhombus from Arizona is probably only a melanistic
form of it.

125 (8824). TACHYGONUS FULVIPES Lee., 1876, 266.

"Brown, feet uniform reddish-testaceous. Body above thinly clothed
with long-, erect gray hairs; thorax sparsely and coarsely punctured, with a
tuft of white hairs at the basal angles. Elytra with regular stria? com-
posed of large punctures, intervals narrower than in tardipes; an elongate
sutural spot of white hair in front of the middle. Hind thighs with about
four small teeth on the under side; hind tibia? comparatively shorter than
in tardipes, not serrate on the outer edge. Length 1.8 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from Illinois ; not recorded elsewhere. The single
type is in the Cambridge museum.

*Casey has applied the name "multifurcate" to these hairs. Champion calls them
"radiato-pectinate" and states that they are present in Lirmorclicstcs. some Otidocef'li-
ali/s, etc

9G SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHINJE.

Subfamily IX. OTIORHYNCHIN/E.

THE SHORT-SNOUTED WEEVILS. TPIE SCARRED SNOUT BEETLES.

A subfamily of medium size, found in all parts of the world,
the principal distinguishing character of which is the presence
of a round or oval depression resembling a scar on the front of
each mandible. This is usually on the face of the mandible itself,
bnt is sometimes borne at the tip of a. projection of varying
length. It marks the point of attachment during the pupal stage
of a. deciduous piece, rarely preserved in freshly emerged adults,
which is usually elongate and slender, but sometimes short and
conical. (Fig. 7.) Schwarx (1885,20) says: "Specimens of Epi-
rirriix iiitltricatiis, abundant early in spring under stones along
the Potomac River, still possessed the mandibular appendages,
thus showing that they were freshly hatched. One specimen illus-
trated the process of losing these appendages. They do not break
off in one piece, but the basal third remains attached to the man-
dibles and must be lost at a later time." These pieces are prob-
ably used by the freshly matured insect to aid in cutting its way
out of the pupal case and then, being of no farther use, are lost.
According to Horn, the form of the mandible itself, without ref-
erence to the scar, indicates the occurrence of the deciduous piece.
In those snout beetles, comprising the great majority of Rhyn-
chophora, which have the mandibles acute at tip and one over-
lapping the other by an edge more or less acute, no deciduous
piece or scar will be found. But in those in which the mandibles
meet with a broad surface, and whose function is rather that of
crushing than of cutting, the scar may be expected.

In addition to this mandibular scar the Otiorhynchids have
the maxilla1 usually concealed, their palpi short, rigid, 4-jointed;
mandibles short, stout, pincer-like; beak short, broad, the an-
tennal grooves usually well defined; antenna? strongly elbowed,
inserted at the sides or top of the beak and always in front of its
middle, 11-jointed (except in Af/rapJutx and Paragraphus) , the
last three joints forming a compact annulated club; thorax with
the apex usually truncate, the front margin of the sides often
with ocular lobes; elytra entire, concealing the abdomen from
above, the epipleurjp absent; abdomen with five ventral segments,
the first two united, the others free; tibia? straight or slightly
curved; tarsal claws simple. The males have the pygidium trans-
versely divided so that they possess eight dorsal abdominal seg-
ments, while the females have but seven.

The subfamily, as here treated, was founded as a family bv

DIVISION I. OTIORIIYXCIIINM'l AFTERS. 97

LeConte in 1874, the name being derived from two Greek words
meaning "ear" and "snout." About 210 species have been de-
scribed from this country, mostly from the Pacific slope or south-
western states, only 52 being known from the region east of the
Mississippi River. Many of them are prettily ornamented with

minute scales which resemble those on the
wings of butterflies. They occur for the
most part on or close to the ground, the
larvae of a number of species being destruc-
tive to the roots of various plants, while
others are harmful to vegetables and fruits.
Fig. 43. A, side pieces of Based u])on the size and shape of the

mesosternum in Division I,

a, episternum: b, epimeron; sj(]e pieces of the uieso- and metasterna, the

c, margin of elytra. B,

same of Division ii, a, epis- subfamily was divided by Horn into two

ternum; (>, epimeron; c,

margin of elytra. (After primary divisions as follows :*

Bedel.)

KEY TO DIVISIONS OF OTIORHYNCHINAE.

a. Side pieces of mesosternum very unequal in size, the front one or
episternum large and in direct contact with the margin of elytra,
the epimeron small (Fig. 43, A.) ; sides piece of metasternum usually
very narrow, sometimes entirely concealed by the elytral margin,
its front end never broadly dilated on both sides. DIVISION I, p. 97.
aa. Side pieces of mesosternum diagonally divided and nearly equal in
size so that the episternum does not reach the margin of elytra, be-
ing shut off by the epimeron (Fig. 43, B) ; side piece of metaster-
num moderately wide, its front end dilated and projecting inward
between the epimeron of the mesosternum and the main body of the
metasternum. DIVISION II, p. 116.

When the mesosternal epimera are intermediate in size there
may be difficulty in assigning the specimen correctly to Division
I or II. Horn appears to have referred most of these doubtful
cases to Division II. In the Biologia the contrary course is
adopted because such forms are usually apterous. Pantamonis
(including Aramigus and Phacepholis) will therefore be found
in Division II, although in the Biologia it is suggested that they
probably agree with the apterous group Sciaphilina, while Horn's
group Artipi would even fall into the tribe Epicaprini.

Division I. OTIORHYNCHINJE AFTER.*;.

In addition to the characters above given, our members of
this Division all have the antennae strongly elbowed ; mentum

*A different classification of the subfamily has been recently published by Pierce
(1913, 372 — 426), based principally on characters pertaining to the ocular lobes and
antennal grooves or scrobes. A key to the genera following this system will he found
on page 135. The student should clnck his determination of the genus by using this
key in addition to the ones that follow, which are based upon those of Dr. Geo. H. Horn,
and, except as noted, agree also with the classification adopted by Sharp in the Biologia.

98 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIXJE.

large entirely concealing the maxillae; inner wings rudimentary
and metanotimi membranous (characters which cannot be seen
without breaking up the specimen) ; elytra without prominent
shoulders and exposed portion of scutellum very minute. Three
of the four tribes recognized by Horn are represented in the
Eastern United States.

KEY TO EASTERN TRIBES OF DIVISION I.

a. Thorax without either ocular lobes or fringe of hairs (vibrissse) on
the front margin of its sides; eyes usually rounded and not partly
covered.

6. Antennal grooves rather long, located on sides of beak and directed
very obliquely downwards. Tribe I. BRACHYDERINT, p. 98.

bb. Antennal grooves short, usually located on upper surface of beak,
or if on sides, directed toward the eyes.

Tribe III. OTIORHYNCHINI, p. 108.

act. Thorax with ocular lobes or fringe of hairs more or less distinct and
sometimes partially covering the eyes. Tribe II. OPHRYASTINI, p. 101.

At this point the Biologia may be quoted: "There are some
species in which it is difficult at first sight to determine whether
ocular lobes are present or not; but in such cases the form of the
eye will determine the point, it being more or less longitudinal
in the greatest diameter when lobes are present, and transverse
when they are absent."

Tribe I. BRACHYDERINI.

Our members of this tribe have the beak at least as long as
head, slightly dilated and notched at tip; front flat; scape of
antenna? seldom reaching beyond middle of eye; elytra oval, but
little if any wider at base than thorax; front coxae contiguous,
middle ones feebly separated ; third joint of tarsi wider than
second and deeply bilobed. The tribe is nearly equivalent to the
Group Epicaerina of the Biologia, the definition of which is
"apterous Otiorhynchiuae without ocular lobes to the thorax, and
in which the scrobes are entirely lateral, with their lower border
arcuate to a greater or less extent. The scape of the antenna3 is
always moderate in thickness, the corbels of hind tibiae some-
what cavernous."

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF BRACHYDERINI.

a. Antennae scaly, body benoath densely scaly; tarsal joints pubescent,
the claws free. I. EPICURUS.

act. Antennas shining, sparsely hairy; body beneath nearly naked.

5. Suture separating second ventral from first straight; tips of hind
tibi?e open and surrounded by a single row of spinules.

II. HORMORUS.

TRIBE I. BRACHYDERINI. 99

&&. Suture separating first and second ventrals curved; tips of hind
tibiae partly enclosed, surrounded by a double row of spinules.

III. BARYNOTUS.

I. EPICURUS Schon., 1834. (Gr., "upon" + "fit time.")
Rather large, robust species having the beak stout, longer
than head, which is not constricted behind the eyes; support of
deciduous piece of mandible short, conical and truncate; au-
tennal grooves deep, very oblique; joints of fimicle conical, the
last distant from club; articular faces of hind tibia? glabrous;
tarsi pubescent. Males with the body more cylindrical, elytra
not inflated, thorax broadest at middle, apical declivity of elytra
straight or convex; females with abdomen and elytra inflated,
thorax broadest at base, apical declivity generally concave.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EPICURUS.

a. Frontal fovea round, not merging into a sulcus; beak smooth on me-
dian line but with two broad sulci at sides; elytra of male distinctly
longer than wide; larger, 7.5 or more mm. 126. IMBRICATUS.

aa. Frontal fovea elongate, merging into median sulcus of beak; elytra
but slightly longer than wide at the middle; smaller, not over 6.5
mm. 127. FoimiDOLOSus.

126 (8233). EPIC.ERUS IMBRICATUS Say, 1824, 317; ibid, II, 178.

Robust, more or less elongate, pyriform. Surface, when fresh, densely
clothed with small grayish and fuscous scales, the pale ones usually form-
ing a median stripe on thorax, the dark ones arranged to form three irreg-
ular bands — subbasal, submedian and subapical — across the elytra, the
scales on under surface and legs nearly white. Beak smooth on median
line, sulcate each side; front with a small round fovea. Thorax subcyl-
indrical, not wider at base than middle, narrowed in front, disc with coarse,
deeply impressed punctures, usually hidden by the scales. Scutellum small,
triangular. Elytra with rows of large round, deep punctures which are al-
most as wide as the intervals. Length 7.5 — 11.5 mm. (Fig. 44.)

Three in &tein collection labelled "Indiana" are probably from
Posey County. Flatbush, X. Y. ; rare near Xew York City.

Ranges from Xew York, Xew
Jersey and Michigan west and
south to Colorado and Texas.
Known in economic literature as
the "imbricated snout-beetle,"
and recorded by Chitteuden
( ISflO-a, 02—07) as attacking the
foliage of young apple trees, po-
tatoes, onions, cabbages and
us. -my other vegetables also

Fig. 44. a, Female; b, same from side.

3. (After chittenden.) clover arid grasses. The best

100 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIXJE.

remedies are arsenicals, as Paris green, applied either dry or in
spray at the rate of a pound to one hundred gallons of water;
or, as the beetles feign death when disturbed, they may be readily
jarred from the plants into vessels and then destroyed.

127 (8234). EPICURUS FORMIDOLOSUS Boh., Schon., 1842, 284.

Ovate, pyriform. Piceous. everywhere densely clothed with fuscous and
pale ash gray scales, the latter forming numerous irregular blotches on
the elytra, or sometimes bands as in imbricatus ; antennte pale reddish-
brown. Front with elongated fovea; funicular joints 3 — 6 almost as wide
as long. Thorax conical, wider at base than long, disc sparsely and deeply
punctate. Elytra broadly oval, strongly convex, conjointly but little longer
than wide at the middle; stria? with rows of small, rather distant punct-
ures; intervals each wilh a row of very short semi-erect scale-like hairs.
Length 4 — 6.5 mm.

Lake Poinsett, Hillsboro County, Fla., May; Jacksonville,
Puuta Gorda and Lakeland, Fla., November. Known also from
Alabama and Georgia.

II. HORMORUS Horn, 1876. (Gr., "funiculus/')

In this genus the beak is longer and narrower than head,
broader at tip, which is acutely emargiuate and bears a Y-shaped
elevated line; antennae rather long, scape reaching middle of eye,
funicle 7-jointed, joints 3 — 7 obconical, club oval, acute; scutel-
lum invisible; elytra oblong-oval, slightly wider at base than
thorax; side pieces of meta sternum almost wholly covered by
elytra; second ventral of male one-half longer than third, of
female as long as third and fourth united.*

128 (8237). HOKMORUS UNDULATUS Uhler, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,

416.

Elongate-oval, robust. Dark brown, sparsely clothed with pearly-white
scales and prostrate scale-like hairs, the former arranged in a narrow line
along the side margin of thorax and forming a humeral lunule and an ir-
regular patch on each side of declivity of elytra. Head and beak as long as
thorax, rather densely punctured. Thorax oboval, slightly longer than wide,
broadest in front of middle, apex truncate; disc densely covered with min-
ute rounded tubercles and with a distinct median impressed line. Elytra
with strise of large, deep, closely placed punctures, intervals narrower,
covered with small granules. Under surface densely punctured and with
a patch of pearly scales each side of metasternum. Male more slender,
with first and second ventrals broadly impressed at middle. Length
7.5 mm.

Not yet recognized in Indiana but undoubtedly occurs, as it.
is recorded from Illinois, Michigan, and Cincinnati, Ohio. Staten

*Pierce's key, stating that the "three intermediate segments of the abdomen are
equal" in his Tribe Blosyrini, is erroneous in so far as it relates to this genus.

TRIBE II. OPHRYASTINI. 101

island and Flatbush, N. Y. ; Ramsey and South Orange, N. J. ;
Red Rock, Pa., June to September ; Ithaca, N. Y., June 15 ; West
Roxbury, Mass., May 5. Ranges from New England and Mon-
treal, Canada, south and west to Washington, D. C., and Iowa.
Smith records it as occurring very rarely beneath stones in early
spring and Bury states that the two specimens secured at Cin-
cinnati were taken by sweeping weeds in a cemetery. Each tu-
bercle of thorax has a small central puncture bearing a prostrate
golden hair. One of the most handsome of snout beetles.

III. BARYXOTUS Germ., 1817. (Gr., "heavy" + "back.")
Rather large robust species having the beak stout, subcylin-
drical, longer and slightly narrower than head, deeply sulcate
above; antenna! grooves deep, slightly curved, passing immedi-
ately beneath the eyes; scape reaching middle of eye, joints 1 and
2 of funicle subequal, longer than the others, joint 3 conical, 4 — 7
rounded; femora club-shaped; tarsi pubescent beneath, claws free.

129 (8236). BARYXOTUS SCHCEXHERRI Zetterst., 1828, 187.

Oblong-ovate. Piceous, above densely clothed with pearly-gray scales,
which are mixed on the elytra with cupreous and greenish ones. Head and
beak as long as thorax, coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctured. Thorax
subquadrate, widest at middle, apex truncate, base broadly curved, disc
deeply and coarsely punctured with finer punctures intervening, more
coarsely at sides, median line finely impressed. Elytra oval, moderately
convex, slightly broader at base than thorax; striae with rows of rather
coarse punctures; intervals wide, feebly convex, each with a row of short,
pale inclined set*. Body beneath sparsely pilose, coarsely, densely and
deeply punctured. Length 8.2 — 8.7 mm.

A European species which has been found in Newfoundland
and at St. John, New Brunswick, in July; at Sydney, Nova
Scotia, in August, from beneath logs or driftwood near ballast
heaps. Single specimens have also been taken at Wales, Me.,
June 19, and Framinghain, Mass., May 21.

Tribe II. OPHRYASTINI.

In our members of this tribe the beak is subcylindrical, not
sulcate above; antennae with scape at least reaching the eye,
funicle 7 -jointed; eyes narrow, oval or acute below, partially or
not concealed by the ocular lobes; second ventral segment with
its front suture straight; third tarsal joint deeply bilobed and
wider than second.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF OPIIRYAST1M.

a. Antennal grooves on sides of beak not visible from above; second ven-
tral segment not longer than the two following united

102 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIXvE.

&. Grooves deep, well defined, moderately curved and passing immedia-
tely beneath the eyes; punctures of elytral striae not closed by
scales. IV. ANAIIETIS.

&Z>. Grooves gradually disappearing behind, badly defined, very feebly
curved and directed toward the lower angle of the eye; punctures
of elytral striae each closed by a large scale. V. PAXSCOPUS.

aa. Antennal grooves plainly visible from above, not directed beneath and
not reaching the eyes; second ventral longer than the two following
united. VI. PHYXELIS.

IV. ANAMETIS Horn, 1876. (Gr., "upon"' + "counsel.")

Beak longer and narrower than head, its nasal plate trian-
gular, concave, sharply defined by a distinct rim ; front convex,
separated from the beak by a transverse groove; scape gradually
clavate; joints 1 and 2 of funicle elongate, 3 — 7 obconical, club
elongate-oval ; eyes transversely oval and obtuse beneath ; post-
ocular lobes very short, with a slight fringe of hairs; scutellum
very small, triangular; elytra oval, truncate at base; humeri ob-
solete; second ventral segment as long as the two following
united, its front suture straight.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF ANAMETIS.

a. Scape of antennae reaching middle of eye; strial punctures of elytra
fine, almost hidden by scales; first and second joints of funicle
equal. 130 GRAXULATUS.

aa. Scape of antennae barely reaching the front of eye; strial punc-
tures very coarse, deep, plainly visible; second joint of funicle dis-
tinctly longer than the first. 131. SETOSUS.

130 (8258). AXAMETIS GRAXULATUS Say, 1831, 12; ibid, I, 273.

Oval, robust. Dark brown, densely and uniformly covered with grayish
scales, many of which have a pearly reflection; antennae and tarsi reddish-
brown. Head and beak together as long as thorax, the beak convex with a
fine submarginal impressed line each side. Eyes subconvex, coarsely facet-
ed. Thorax slightly wider than long, widest at middle, base and apex trun-
cate, sides feebly rounded, disc convex, its sculpture wholly concealed by
the scales. Elytra oval, convex, sides parallel on basal half; discal striae
fine, marked with small, deep punctures; intervals nearly flat, each with
two irregular rows of setae. Length 5 — 7 mm.

Warren, Marion and Posey counties, Ind., frequent; probably
throughout the State; May 23 — July 28. Beaten from foliage of
buckeye and other trees and shrubs. Portage, X. Y., May 24.
Kanges from Newfoundland, Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and
Wisconsin, west and south to Wyoming and Texas. Say's de-
scription is inadequate and the insect was redescribed by Horn
as Anaiuetis (/i-ixca, which name it bears in the Henshaw ( 1ata-

TRIBE II. OPIIRYASTIXI. 103

logue, and probably in most collections, though changed in the
Third Supplement to the Catalogue. Tt has been recorded by
Riley (1882, Olft) as damaging young peach, pear and apple trees,
tlie beetles hiding near the surface of the ground in daytime and
eating the bark and buds in places at night and has lately been
troublesome in New York State. (Parrott.) Hamilton also notes
its occurrence on the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L.

131 (- -). AXAMETIS SETOsrs sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, densely clothed with dark brown and pearl-
gray scales, the latter more conspicuous on the head, forming a ring
about, each eye and often a narrow median stripe on head and beak, cover-
ing the under surface and forming a narrow median and indistinct lateral
stripes on thorax and a few remote scattered spots on elytra; antennse, ti-
biae and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Eyes small, almost flat, widely separated,
finely faceted. Beak at base narrower than head and separated from it by
a broad deep, transverse depression. Thorax subglobose, widest at middle,
slightly wider than long, sides feebly rounded; disc densely covered and
roughened by small scaly tubercles, each of which bears a short, suberect,
clavate bristle. Elytra at base scarcely as wide as thorax, sides parallel to
behind middle, thence converging to the subacuminate tips; strial punc-
tures large, round, distant; intervals convex, each with a single row of
short, inclined setae. Length 6 — 6.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Described from five specimens taken in Lake, Vigo and Posey
counties, Ind., April 21- — July 11. St. Louis, Mo., July 7. Swept
from foliage of the iron-weed, Vcnwuhi foscicuJntfi Michx. While
the preceding species is now commonly accepted as Say's c/ran-
ulata, it is our opinion that the present one fits his original de-
scription of that species much more accurately. Both occur in
Posey Co., where New Harmony is located, and the types of f/nin-
ti1<it<i doubtless came from there. In the absence of these types
the question cannot be settled. Should specimens which he sent
out under the name of granulata come to light and prove identical
with ficloxH*. the name f/risca Horn will have to be reapplied to
the ] (receding species.

V. PANSCOPUS Schonh., 1842. (Gr., "all-seeing.-')

Beak stout, usually separated from the head by a distinct
curved depression, its tip strongly emarginate and obtusely car-
inate; autennal grooves deep in front but disappearing before
reaching the lower angle of the eyes; scape of antennae not reach-
ing hind border of eves; club oval, acute; eves transversely oval,

^ «

obtusely pointed beneath ; ocular lobes short but broad ; scutel-
lum very small; metasternum short, its side pieces indistinct;

104 STBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHINJE.

second ventral segment equal to or slightly shorter than the third
and fourth combined.

Horn recognized one species, criiuiceus Say, as belonging to
the genus. Pierce has recently (1913, 390) combined the genera
Phyinatiints and ^'ocJiclcs Lee., and X<niii<-]uts Casey, placing
them as subgenera under Panscopus. By erecting two new sub-
genera and describing seven new species, he thus brings under
Panscopns 13 species, four of which are known from our terri-
tory. In addition we herewith describe another species which
he does not include in his table.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PAXSCOPUS.

a. Articular surfaces of the hind tibiae oblique, the corbels open.
I). Alternate elytral intervals distinctly elevated; median line of thorax

strongly impressed on apical half.

c. First two joints of funicle elongate, the others moniliform; even
elytral intervals with a few seta? near apical declivity.

132. ERIXACEUS.

cc. All joints of funicle longer than broad; even elytral intervals with-
out setae. 133. ALTEKXATUS.
6&. Alternate elytral intervals not elevated, all the intervals setose; me-
dian line of thorax very feebly impressed along its entire length;
elytra ovate, strongly ventricose. 134. MACULOSUS.
aa. Articular surfaces of hind tibia? terminal, almost enclosed, the corbels

cavernous.

(1. Alternate elytral intervals elevated and setigerous, the even inter-
vals without setse; beak longer than head, carinate.

135. IMPRESSUS.

del. Alternate elytral intervals not conspicuously elevated, all intervals
setigerous; beak not much longer than head, broad, carinate.

136. CARIXATUS.

132 (8261). PAXSCOI-US ERIXACEUS Say, 1831, 11; ibid, I, 272.

Oblong, moderately robust. Body above densely covered with dark
brown and pearly or silvery scales, the latter forming a narrow median
line on thorax and lateral stripes on its basal half, and a few small scatter-
ed irregular pale spots on elytra. Beak one-half longer and as broad as
head, indistinctly carinate and with numerous coarse deep seta-bearing
punctures; front deeply concave between the eyes, which are subconvex,
coarsely faceted; scape reaching almost their middle. Thorax subglobose,
at middle one-third wider than long, apex and base truncate, sides broadly
rounded; disc convex, its surface without tubercles, the median line dis-
tinctly impressed in front of middle. Elytra oblong-oval, base truncate,
scarcely as wide as middle of thorax, humeri indistinctly subangulate; disc
striate, the strise marked with rather large, distant punctures, each of
which is closed by a rounded pearly scale; alternate intervals strongly con-
vex and with a row of long inclined setse; even ones flat. Under surface
sparsely covered with pearly scales. Length 6 — 7 mm.

TRIBE II. OI'IIUYASTINI.

105

Staten Island, N. Y., May 31 — July 8. Fraiuingham, Mass.,
April 19, one specimen. (Frost.) Horn gives its range as Canada
to Pennsylvania. Pierce states that the specimens in the U. S.
Museum collection are from New Hampshire; Buffalo, X. Y.,
Washington, I). C. ; Maryland and Virginia. Smith records it
as occurring in New Jersey in salt meadows in March and on
wild grape in June and July. LeBaron states that he took P.
erinaceus abundantly in Michigan under the chips placed as
traps for the plum curculio. but his specimens may have been P.
macidosus below described or one of Pierce's new species.

133 (- -). PANSCOPUS ALTERNATUS Schseff., 1908, 214.

Form and color of erinaceus ; body more slender. Beak narrower, finely
carinate behind the antennae. Funicle longer, all its joints, especially 1 and
2, more slender. Thorax shorter, its disc densely covered with small round-
ed tubercles, each bearing a suberect seta. Elytra less convex, the alternate
intervals more strongly elevated than in any of the other species, the flat
ones wholly without setae. Length 6 — 7 mm.

Round Knob and Balsam, X. C., June 24 — July 8; beaten
from oak. Black Mountain, N. C., by sifting old leaves in Sep-
tember. Pineville, TV. Va., found by sifting. Clayton, Ga., June.

134. (-

-). PANSCOPUS MACULOSUS sp. nov.

Oblong-ovate, robust. Color of erinaceus, the brown scales paler, the

silvery ones more abundant
on head and beak and forming
entire lateral stripes on thor-
ax and numerous irregular
spots on elytra. Beak twice as
long and distinctly narrower
than head, finely carinate;
front with a narrow linear
rovea between the eyes. Scape
slender, passing the middle of
eyes; joints 1 and 2 of
funicle elongate, equal, 3 — 7
obconical, slightly longer
than wide. Thorax one-third
wider than long, sides strong-
ly rounded, disc with a faint
median impressed line, dense-
ly covered with small, round-
Fig. 45. x 9- (Original.) ed, scaly tubercles, each of
which bears a short pointed, prostrate yellowish hair. Elytra oval,
slightly wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel only on
median third; strue wide, concave, marked with large, round, distant punc-
tures, each filled with a round, pale scale; intervals narrower than the
stria?, feebly and equally convex, each with a row of rather long, inclined
yellowish seta?. Length 5.5 — 7.5 mm. (W. 8. B.) (Fig. 45.)

100 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHINJE.

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April IS — June
5. Fort Montgomery, N. Y., May 31. Washington Co., N. Y.
Taken from bitter-sweet (Celastrus scan He us L.) and by sweep-
ing. Easily distinguished from the two preceding by its more
robust form, paler color, longer scape and longer and narrower
beak.

135 (- — ). PANSCOPUS IMPKESSUS Pierce, 1913, 395.

"Black, very densely clad with aeneous to yellowish-brown scales with
intermixed setse. Scrohes deep, visible from above in entire length; scape
densely squamose, not reaching posterior margin of eye; funicular joints
elongate, shining. Thorax wider than long, apically sinuate, basally trun-
cate, laterally strongly convex, widest slightly before middle; median line
widely impressed; surface very rough with setigerous tubercles which are
completely hidden by the scales. Elytra with sides convex, wider than thor-
ax, intervals wider than striae. Undersides very densely squamose. First ab-
dominal suture angulate at middle. Length 8.5 — 9.5 mm."

The above are the salient points of the original description by
Pierce, other than those given in the key. Described from three
specimens in the T. S. Nat. Mus. from Stone Creek, Lee County,
Virginia, and a single specimen labeled Indiana. Dury reports
sweeping it from weeds in low damp woods near Cincinnati, Ohio,
in June.

136 (— — ). PANSCOPUS CABINATUS Pierce, 1913, 398.

"Piceous, densely clothed with yellowish and brownish aeneous, striate
scales and sparsely setose with brown bristles. Beak longer than head,
separated from the latter by a broad, deep, arcuate impression, strongly
carinate and with a large apical, triangular, glabrous, punctate area
containing the nasal plate. Scrobes deep, visible from above in entire
length, evanescent near eyes; scape reaching middle of eye, funicle elon-
gate, sparsely setose, all joints longer than wide. Thorax wider than long,
apically emarginate, basally truncate, laterally broadly convex, constricted
behind apex; surface covered with setigerous tubercles and densely squa-
mose. Elytra over one-half longer than wide; intervals convex; striae not
impressed, punctures round, each filled with a round scale; underside
densely clothed with lighter scales. Length 7 mm."

Described from two specimens from Detroit, Michigan.
VI. PHYXELIS Schonh., 1843. (Gr., "wandering.")

Beak stout, one-half longer than head, its tip deeply emar-
ginate; antennal grooves short, visible from above, strongly
curved, not reaching the eyes ; scape gradually clavate, reaching
hind margin of eye; joints 1 and 2 of funicle longer than the
others, which are rounded or obconic ; thorax short, broader than

TRIBE II. OPHKYASTINI. 107

long, its apex and base truncate; seutellum invisible; elytra
strongly convex and with rows of seta?. Two species repre-
sent the genus in the Eastern United States, one of which is
herewith described as new.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PHYXEL1S.

a. Second joint of funicle scarcely longer than first; beak distinctly
narrower than head, separated from the latter by a feeble trans-
verse impression. 137. EIGIDUS.
aa. Second joint of funicle two-thirds longer than first; beak as broad
as head, separated from the latter by a strong transverse impres-
sion. 138. LATIROSTRTS.

137 (8281). PIIYXELIS RIGIDUS Say, 1831, 11; ibid. I, 272.

Short, ovate, robust. Piceous brown, rather densely clothed with small
grayish scales and usually thickly coated with a dirty brown or yellowish
waxy crust; funicle, club and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak and head densely
covered with minute grayish scales, the former often with a narrow median
sulcus. Thorax, one-fourth wider than long, sides slightly curved, ocular
lobes small; disc with a faint median impressed line, densely scaly and
bearing numerous short scattered seta? arising from minute tubercles.
Elytra broadly oval, base truncate, not wider than middle of thorax; disc
feebly striate, the strise marked with large punctures, intervals feebly
convex, each with a single row of rather long, coarse, inclined yellowish
seta?. Length 3.5—4.5 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko, Putnam and Marion counties, Ind., scarce;
March IT — June 3. Taken by sifting. The earlier date indicates
that with us it hibernates as imago, and Chittenden states (1890,
107) that in New York it "hibernates under piles of weeds and
rubbish in fields and gardens where it may be found early in
spring and late in autumn." Common under stones in spring
near New York City; on herbage, May — July. Ranges from Can-
ada, New England and Michigan west and south to Iowa, North
Carolina and Georgia. P. glomerosus and sctifcrus, described
respectively from Boston and New York by Boheman, are treated
as synonyms of riytdits by Horn, and we can find no definite
characters in the descriptions separating them from that species
or from one another.

138 (— — ). PHYXELIS LATIROSTRIS sp. nov.

Short, ovate, more robust than rigidus. Piceous-black, above densely
clothed with small grayish and fuscous scales, the waxy coat less evident on
elytra; femora and tibiaa dark reddish brown; antennae and tarsi paler.
Beak slightly longer but not narrower than head, densely covered with a
yellowish waxy coat, its disc flat, with a slight median ridge and a broad
transverse depression at base. Scape proportionally stouter and shorter

108 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHINyE.

than in rigidus, scarcely reaching the hind border of eye, the latter distinctly
larger and more coarsely granulate than there. Thorax subglobose, as wide
as long, sides distinctly rounded; disc densely covered with large rounded
obtuse tubercles, each of which bears a small inclined pale hair, the median
impressed line distinct. Elytra oval, widest at middle, suddenly narrowed
on apical fourth; disc distinctly striate, the striae with rows of large round-
ed punctures; intervals convex, setose as in rigidus, the setae more
prominent on apical half. Under surface sparsely clothed with small scales;
femora and tarsi with numerous short setae. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.
(W. 8. B.)

Crawford and Harrison counties, Indiana. Five specimens
taken May 28 — June 24, from beneath chunks and stones in high,
dry open woods. A larger and more convex species than rigidus :
the beak distinctly broader and with much more evident trans-
verse groove at base ; thorax more globose and with the tubercles
of its surface much more prominent. It is evidently a species of
southern range, as both the counties in which it has been found
border on the Ohio River.

Tribe III. OTIORHYNCHINI.

In this tribe the antennae are rather long, the scape always
reaching beyond the eyes ; beak short, its antenna! grooves never
linear and at the same time directed obliquely downward ; elytra
striate, the strijp entire; side pieces of metasteruum usually en-
tirely concealed by the elytra.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF OTIORHYXCHIXI.

a. Funicle 6-jointed; basal joint of antennal club very large.

b. Intervals of elytra with very short almost invisible setae; antennal

club oval; thorax without median sulcus; articular surface of
hind tibiae enclosed, their tips truncate with a broad oval space.

VII. AGRAPHUS.

lib. Intervals each with a row of prominent club shaped setae; club ob-
long; thorax with a deep median groove; articular surface ot hind
tibiae open, their tips not truncate. VIII. PARAGRAPHUS.

aa. Funicle 7-jointed; articular surface of hind tibiae free, the corbels
open; basal joint of antennal club not greatly enlarged.

c. Tarsal claws free.

d. Outer joints of funicle longer than wide, obconical; eyes without

orbital groove.

e. Metasternal side pieces entirely concealed by the elytra, the sut-
ure obsolete; hind tibiae with two short fixed spurs; length
5 or more mm. IX. OTIORHYNCHUS.

ee. Metasternal side pieces moderately wide, the suture distinct; hind
tibiae without terminal spurs; length not over 4 mm.

X. NEOPTOCHVS.

(Id. Outer joints of funicle short, rounded, moniliform; eyes with dis-
tinct orbital groove.

TRIBE III. OTIORHYNCHINI. 109

f. Side pieces of metasternum wholly concealed; both front and

middle tibios spined at apex.

g. Antennal grooves on upper surface of beak very short and deep,
not reaching the eyes; spine of front and middle tibiae fee-
ble. XL CERCOPEUS.
gg. Antennal grooves on sides of beak long, passing directly back-
ward and enclosing the eyes; tibia? strongly spined at apex.

XII. CII^TECHUS.

//. Side pieces of metasternum visible; only the front tibiae spined at

apex. XIII. TRAOIIYPHLCEUS.

cc. Tarsal claws connate; scape nearly as long as funicle, the latter with

outer joints longer than wide; antennal grooves on the sides not

converging above and not reaching the eyes. XIV. GEODERCES.

VII. AGRAPHUS Say, 1831. (Gr., "without" -f "marking.")

In addition to the characters above given the single member
of this genus has the scape reaching the thorax, longer than the
funicle and club, the latter oval, slightly flattened, composed in
great part of the first joint only; beak longer and narrower than
head, with an oblique constriction at base; antennal grooves deep
in front, broadly open and shallow behind, enclosed by an ele-
vated rim; eyes small, oval, oblique, pointed in front; scutellum
small, triangular; elytra very convex, oval, slightly pointed be-
hind ; tarsi slender, three-fourths the length of tibite, third joint
scarcely wider than second, feebly ernarginate; claws free.

139 (8282). AGRAPHUS BEIXICUS Say, 1831, 13; ibid, I, 274.

Elongate-oval. Black, densely covered with grayish scales, which in
places are faintly dusky. Thorax oval, broader than long, truncate at apex,
broadly curved at base, disc sparsely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra
not wider at base than thorax, their strise fine, with rows of distant punc-
tures; intervals feebly convex, each with a double row of minute, semipros-
trate hairs. Length 6.5 — 8.5 mm.

Rockaway and Babylon, N. Y., June to September. Crescent
City, Capron, Tampa, Dunedin and Cedar Keys, Fla., March 25—
June 29 ; one specimen and numerous fragments taken on the
former date from the axils of the leaves of the yellow thistle,
(1(irdiuis spinosissimus Walt. Horn gives its range from "Penn-
sylvania to Florida,'' so that it is likely to occur in southern In-
diana. Smith records it from New Jersey as always rare.

VIII. PARAGRAPHUS gen. nov. (Gr., "near" + Agraphus.)

This genus is based upon a single robust ventricose species
having, in addition to characters given in key, the antennal scape
stout, curved, scarcely reaching the thorax, first and third joints

110 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIXJE.

of funicle each half the length of second, 4 — 6 not longer than
third, gradually slightly wider; basal joint of club oblong, nearly
as long as the three preceding united, two outer joints of club
very small, almost wholly concealed; beak shorter than head,
separated from the latter by an oblique constriction, its antennal
grooves much as in Agraplms, the rim of the cavity less elevated;
femora unarmed ; corbels of hind tibiae cavernous, the outer edge
lengthened and curved ; tarsi narrow, shorter than in Agraphus,
the third joint not bilobed; claws simple, widely separated. (IF.
S. B.)

140 (— — ). PARAGRAPHUS SETOSUS sp, nov.

Oval, robust, pointed behind. Piceous; above thickly clothed with very
small oval, seal-brown and silvery-gray scales, the latter forming a small
spot each side of base of thorax, and on elytra an irregular stripe extend-
ing along second and third intervals from base to declivity, also on sides
a broader irregular one of loosely placed scales from humeri to apex; under
surface and legs thickly clothed with silvery- or dirty-gray scales, the
femora and tibia? annulate with brown. Head with a shallow median groove,
deeper between the eyes. Thorax subcylindrical, scarcely longer than wide,
widest just in front of middle; disc uneven, with a wide deep median
groove each side of which is a broad, shallow impression near base. Elytra
oval, inflated, distinctly pointed behind; base scarcely wider than middle of
thorax; humeri wanting; sides broadly rounded from base to apical third
then strongly converging to apex; striae fine, indistinctly punctate; inter-
vals feebly convex. Length 6.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Described from a single specimen taken Feb. 18, 1910, from
the leaf axils of the thistle, Cardnnx xpinosissimns Walt, growing
within 50 yards of the Gulf beach on Hog Island, opposite Dune-
din, Fla. The suberect clavate brown setie are prominent along
Hie intervals of elytra as well as on the sides of thorax.

IX. OTIORHYXCHUS Germ., 1824. (Gr., "ear'' -|- "snout")

This genus is represented in North America by six species
\vhich are common also to Europe. Four of the six occur in the
K;:s1ern United States, though but one has been taken in Indiana.
They have the beak as long as head, more or less dilated and
notched at tip, the antennal grooves on upper surface deep; an-
tenmp rather long, the scape passing slightly the front margin of
thorax, the club oval, acute at tip; eyes rounded or slightly oval;
scutellum very small ; tarsi dilated, spongy pubescent beneath,
the third joint deeply bilobed; second ventral segment shorter
than ihe two following combined, separated from the first by a
curved suture.

TRIBE III. OTIORHYXCHIXI.

Ill

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF OTIORHYNCIH S.

o. Hind femora distinctly toothed.

b. Beak sulcate, its tip with a bifid carina; elytra sulcate; femoral

tooth very small, acute. 141. SULCATUS.

1)1). Beak not sulcate, its tip not carinate; elytra nbt sulcate; femoral
tooth large. 142. OVATUS.

act. Hind femora not or very minutely toothed.

c. Upper surface without scales. 143. RUGIFRONS.
cc. Upper surface rather thickly clothed with silver-gray scales.

144. SINGULARIS.

141 (8283). OTIORHYNCHUS SULCATUS Fab., 1798, 155.

Oblong, brownish-black, subopaque. Thorax subcylindrical, not longer
than wide, its surface densely covered with rounded tubercles, each bear-
ing a short hair. Elytra oblong-oval, stria? coarsely punctured and with
small remote patches of short yellowish hair; intervals feebly convex,
each with a row of shining rounded tubercles. Femora strongly club-shaped,
deeply sinuate near tip. Length 8.5 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., March 22; Orono, Maine, April 2. Very abun-
dant under fence rails at Cape Breton in July; found in many
localities about New York City, April to August. Known from
Newfoundland, New England and Toronto, Canada, to Vancou-
ver, and therefore may occur in the Transition Life Zone of
northern Indiana. Injurious in Europe, where it is called the
"black vine weevil," to numerous horticultural plants, the larvo?
feeding especially on the roots of strawberries and the beetles
themselves on ferns and hothouse plants.*

142 (8284). OTIORHYNCHUS OVATUS Linn., 1761, No. 626.

Oblong-oval. Piceous, shining, antennae and legs reddish brown. Beak

flat, coarsely, closely and rugosely punctate;
front with a deep oblong puncture. Thorax
subglobose, base and apex truncate, disc with
numerous elongate tubercles or ridges sepa-
rated by deep grooves. Elytra oval, the striae
more distinct on the sides, marked with rows
of large rounded punctures; intervals flat or
feebly convex, they, as well as the ridges of
thorax, bearing numerous short, yellowish,
semi-prostrate hairs. Length 5 — 6 mm. (Fig.
46.)

Frequent throughout Indiana; April
15 — August 2<i. Occurs beneath cover in
dry or sandy localities. Locally coin-
Fig. 46, ; 6. (After Forbes.) mO11 near NeW Y°rk (-^'' JuHC tO Goto-

"1ns. Life, III, 37; IV, 222.

112 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCIIINJE.

her. Kanges from Newfoundland, New England and Ontario to
Wyoming and New Mexico. Known as the "strawberry crown-
girdler" and the "graveyard bug," the latter because it is said to
have been introduced into New England in cemetery shrubbery.
Injurious to strawberries and rarely to muskmelons, and some-
times found in houses in large numbers. Otiorhynchus ligncus
Lee. is a synonym.

143 (8285). OTIOKHYNCHUS RUGIFROXS Gyll., 1813, 319.

Closely resembles sulcatus but a little smaller and femora without
tooth. Elytra more broadly oval, the humeri more oblique; striae without
the distant tufts of hair; intervals each with a double row of short hairs.
Length 7.5 — 8 mm.

Fort Lee, New Jersey, under stones, May. Ithaca and Port-
age, N. Y., April 8 — May 24. Known also from Quebec and
Toronto, Canada, District of Columbia, Virginia and Pennsyl-
vania, but not yet generally distributed in the states named.

144 (— — ). OTIOKHYNCHUS SINGULARIS Linn., 1767, 1066.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, head piceous, legs paler; above
rather thickly clothed with round grayish and silvery scales; femora
with a ring of similar scales before the apex. Beak very finely punctate
near apex, not sulcate. Thorax as wide at middle as long, sides broadly
rounded, base narrower than apex, disc as in sulcatus. Elytra oval, sides
broadly curved; disc with rows of coarse, rather distant, punctures, each
closed with a large rounded silvery scale. Length 6 — 8 mm.

Stoneham, Mass., May 20. Known also from Quebec. The
hind femora bear a minute tooth, visible only under a strong lens.
0. picipes Fab. is a synonym.

0. auricapillus Germ., a European species, has been found on
imported nursery stock at Cromwell, Conn., but is not to be in-
cluded until more frequently reported.

X. NEOPTOCHUS Horn, 1876. (Or., "new'' -(- ''small.")

Our only species of this genus has the beak stout, cylindrical,
flattened above, its tip widely emargiuate; antenual grooves on
the sides, deep in front, shallow and broad behind, reaching the
eyes; antennae long, scaly, inserted near tip; scape curved, pass-
ing the front margin of thorax; joints 1 and 2 of funicle long,
3 — 7 conical, gradually decreasing in length. Scutellum absent.
Second abdominal segment as long as the two following, the first
suture strongly curved at middle.

145 (8291). NEOPTOCHUS ADSPEKSUS Boh., Schon., 1834, 486.

Oval, robust. Piceous. everywhere densely clothed with pale brown and
ash-gray scales, the latter usually predominating, the brown ones some-
times covering in part the head, beak and thorax and forming a humeral

TRIBE III. OTIORIIYXCIIIXI. 113

and scattered smaller spots on the elytra; antennae and tarsi reddish brown.
Beak not longer and as wide as head, sparsely punctured, broadly concave.
Thorax short, cylindrical, nearly twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved,
base and apex truncate, disc coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra broadly
oval, strongly convex, not broader at base than thorax at middle, finely
striate, strife with fine distant punctures; intervals flat, each with a row
of short, white, suberect bristles. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

A compact and handsome little species known only from
Georgia and Florida. Dunedin, Jacksonville, Gainesville, San-
ford and Pnnta Gorda. Fla., Jan. 26 — Nov. 14. Taken frequently
at Dnnedin in March and April by sweeping herbage and beating
oak, and common in autumn on the heads of a yellow flowered
Composite, Helianthus dcbilis Nutt.

XI. CERCOPEUS Schonh., 1843. (Gr., ''deceitful.")

Beak slightly longer and narrower than head, feebly curved,
truncate at tip; mandibular scar very feeble; scape reaching
front margin of thorax; eyes small, rounded, surrounded by a
distinct groove; elytra oval, slightly narrowed behind, humeri
broadly rounded ; front and middle tibire feebly mucronate ;
tar-sal daws free.
146 (8305). CERCOPEUS CHRYSORHCEUS Say, 1831, 13; ibid., I, 274.

Oval, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown, densely covered with min-
ute, dirty yellow or pale brown scales; disc of elytra often with a large,
darker, heart-shaped area; antenna? and tarsi pale reddish-brown; sides of
thorax and basal half of elytra in fresh specimens with a narrow sinuous
line of gray scales. Thorax semiglobose, slightly wider than long, apex and
base truncate, sides strongly curved; disc densely punctured, the scales
closing the punctures somewhat sparse. Elytral striae very fine, feebly punc-
tured; intervals flat, each with a single row of short inclined bristles.
Length 3 — 5 mm.

Throughout Indiana but scarce; May 1 — June 5. Taken by
sifting and beneath chunks in dry localities. Cold Spring, N. J.,
April 14, under boards. Kanges from Massachusetts to Michi-
gan, south and southwest to Georgia and Missouri. Probably
hibernates as imago. Eecorded as attacking wild and cultivated
grapes and sometimes called the "grape curculio," but that name
properly belongs to Craponius ittcrqitnlis Say.

XII. OII.TJTECHUS Horn, 1876. (Gr., "setae" -f "to have.")

Here belongs also a single small species having the beak stout,
quadrangular, its tip truncate; antennae stout, inserted near its
middle, scape reaching the thorax, joints 1 and 2 of funicle long,
the first much stouter, 3 — 7 moniliform ; scutellum indistinct;
second ventral segment longer than either third or fourth, the
first suture feebly curved.

114 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIXJE.

147 (8306). Cn.KTECiirs SETKJER Horn, 1876, 78.

Oval. Brownish, antenna? and tarsi paler; head and thorax rather
densely, elytra very sparsely clothed with brown, scale-like hairs. Beak
not longer than head, densely punctured and with a distinct impressed me-
dian line. Thorax oval, scarcely wider than long, widest at middle, disc
convex, densely and finely punctured. Elytra oval, one-half wider at base
than thorax, sides parallel to behind middle, thence gradually converging to
a rounded apex; disc feebly striate, stria? with coarse punctures; intervals
almost flat, each with a row of scale-like clavate hairs. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Known from eastern Massachusetts, May 19 — August 29,
where it is rare, and Nova Scotia, July. Our smallest species of
the subfamily, easily known by its size, color and sparse scales.

XIII. TRACHYPHLCEUS Germ., 1817. (Gr., "rough" + "bark.")

Beak as long as head, stout, notched in front; antenna? in-
serted near its middle, their grooves deep, sharply limited, di-
rected toward and almost reaching the eyes; scape reaching
thorax; first joint of funicle longest, robust, second slender, 3 — 7
as broad as long, closely united ; club small, oval ; eyes very small,
round, coarsely granulated and surrounded by a distinct orbital
groove; scutellum invisible; middle tibia? not mucronate; tarsal
claws free. Two species are known from the Eastern Tinted
States, occurring in grassy places beneath stones.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TRACHYPHLCEUS.

a. Beak with a deep transverse impression at base; body indistinctly
scaly densely covered with a pale, clay-yellow coating.

148. ASPERATUS.

act. Beak without impression at base; body distinctly scaly and without
artificial coating. 149. DAVISI.

148 (8307). TKACHYPHLCEUS ASPERATUS Boh., Schon., 1843, Pt. I, 116.

Oval, moderately robust. Brown, densely covered with a pale brownish
or yellowish waxy coat; elytra variegated with brownish spots. Thorax
transversely oval, nearly twice as wide as long, apex truncate, base feebly,
sides strongly curved; disc with median line and sides paler and with
sparse, erect, scale-like hairs. Elytra oval, sides feebly curved, apex obtuse,
disc striate; intervals flat, each with a single row of club-shaped scale-like
hairs. Length 3 mm.

Boheman's type was from Boston. Recorded, doubtless in
part erroneously, from Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Kansas
and Nebraska. Horn says of it: "The rather deep impression at
base of rostrum, together with the convexity of the rostrum be-
low this, owing to its being slightly curved, give this insect a

TRIBE III. OTIORHYXCIIIXI.

115

very peculiar fades." This is true of the single example in the
LeConte collection, which is probably the "one specimen from
the Middle States," described by Horn. Bolieman does not men-
tion this impression, and his description differs in other respects
from that of Horn, so that the status of the species is at present
in doubt. It is not represented in the Horn collection at Phila-
delphia, while in the U. S. National Museum collection the speci-
mens bearing- the name "T. aspcratus Boh." are the same as those
described by Pierce (1910, 362) as Lepidocricus lierricJci.
149 (— -). TKACHYPHLCEUS DAVISI sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, densely clothed with fuscous and silvery

gray metallic scales, the latter forming a
broad median and a stripe each side on
thorax and covering the even elytral in-
tervals, but on the third, fifth and seventh
ones forming oblong spots which alternate
with fuscous ones, thus giving the elytra a
tessellated appearance; antennae and legs dull
reddish-brown. Beak stout, slightly short-
er than thorax and with a distinct median
groove. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
sides strongly rounded; disc without median
impressed line, its sculpture concealed. Ely-
tra subglobose, but slightly wider at base
than middle of thorax, humeri obsolete, sides
feebly diverging to apical third, then broadly
rounded to apex; stria? fine, indistinctly punc-
tate; intervals flat, each with a row of
very short, stout erect blackish seise. Front,
tibiae expanded at apex and provided with
two short acute spines. Length 3.5 — 3.8 mm.
(W. 8. B.) (Fig. 47.)

Several specimens taken by Win. T.
Davis from the sea beach near Fort
Wadsworth, Staten Island, X. Y. ;
April 27, 1911. We take pleasure in
naming it in honor of our mutual
friend, the collector.

Fig. 47. Trachyphlccns darisi
sp. nov. X 9- Enlarged
side view of heau be-
neath. (Original.)

XIY. GEODERCES Horn, 1876. (Gr., "the earth" 4 -"to appear like.")

Beak short, robust, subcylindrical, tip feebly emarginate; an-
tenna? inserted in front of middle, scape long and slender, reach-
ing beyond front margin of thorax, joints 1 and 2 of funicle
longer than .the others, 3 — 7 obcouical, longer than wide; scutel-
lum not visible; second ventral shorter than the two following
united.

116 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIXJE.

150 (8297). GEODEKCES MELANOTHRIX Kirby, 1837, 202.

Oval, robust. Chestnut brown, densely clothed with dirty brown scales,
with a line on sides of thorax and short indistinct markings on elytra
paler, the saales intermixed with very short, semi-erect sparsely placed
blackish Iiairs; antennae reddish-brown. Head and beak slightly longer than
thorax, beak coarsely, sparsely punctate. Thorax oval, slightly wider than
long, disc coarsely, sparsely and evenly punctate. Elytra oval, narrowed at
base, subglobose, humeri oblique; disc with striae of moderate punctures;
body beneath coarsely punctured and sparsely scaly; legs densely covered
with brownish scales, femora with a broad ring of whitish scales near the
tip. Length 5.5 — 8 mm.

Ranges from Canada and New York to Lake Superior and
Vancouver, B. C. A member of the Boreal and Transition Life
Zones.

Division II. OTIORHYNCHIXJE ALATJE.

The species of Division II are called Otiorhynchina? Alatoe in
the Biologia, though the wings are sometimes rudimentary even
in a series of specimens of certain species (e. g. Tanymecus con-
fertus) from the same locality. In addition to the characters of
the key, the shoulders of the elytra are distinct and stand out
more or less laterally, the tip of the scutellum separates the ex-
posed bases of the elytra, and the metasternum is either elongate
or short.

Of the metasternal episternum in this Division Horn (1876,
SO) says : "It is usually moderately broad, the suture distinct
in its entire length. In every case, however, the front end of the
episternum is suddenly dilated, causing on one side an emargina-
tion of the elytral margin (which is, however, evanescent), while
on the inner side an acute triangular process of varying length
occupies a space between the mesosternal epimeron and the body
of the metasternum." The rnandibular scar is very distinct in
all the genera and is usually on the face of the mandible itself,
though sometimes at the summit of an obtuse process. Most of
our members of the Division have the body proportionately more
elongate and slender than those of Division I, but the form in
Sciaphilus and Strophosoma is quite similar to that commonly
observed in Division I. The five tribes recognized by Horn are
represented in our territory .

KEY TO EASTERN TRIBES OF DIVISION n.

a. Thorax without ocular lobes (present but feeble in Pachnccus) ; men-
turn of moderate size, not retracted; eyes rounded or oval.
b. Thorax with a fringe of short bristly hairs on the front margin
behind the eyes; elytral striae ten. Tribe I. TANYMECINI, p. 117.
bb. Thorax without fringe of hairs as above.

TRIBE I. TANYMECINI. 117

c. Cheeks emarginate behind the mandibles; elytral stria? nine, rarely
ten, the tenth usually united with the ninth; tarsal claws free,
except in ApJirastus. Tribe II. CYPHINI, p. 121.

cc. Cheeks not or very feebly emarginate; elytral stria? ten.

(I. Beak longer than head, the antennal grooves long; tarsal claws

free; head not prolonged behind the eyes; corbels of hind tibiae

cavernous. Tribe III. EVOTINI, p. 128.

del. Beak not longer than head, the grooves short; tarsal claws connate;

head prolonged behind the eyes; corbels of hind tibiae open.

Tribe IV. PHYLLOBIINI, p. 128.

aa. Thorax with large ocular lobes; mentum small, retracted; eyes trans-
versely oval. Tribe V. PROMECOPINI, p. 133.
Tribe I. TANYMECINI.

Our members of this group have the beak of moderate length,
its sides subparallel aud tip emarginate; antennal grooves linear,
rather deep, curved and passing beneath the eyes; scape moder-
ately long, reaching at least the hind margin of eyes; scutellum
distinct; second ventral segment longer than third and fourth
together and separated from the first by a curved suture; tarsal
claws free. Three of the four genera are represented in our ter-
ritory.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TANYMECINI.

o. Front coxae contiguous; front femora not longer and stouter than the

others.

b. Thorax feebly lobed behind the eyes, its base bisinuate; eyes trans-
versely oval, pointed beneath. XV. PACHN^EUS.
bb. Thorax not lobed, its base truncate; eyes longitudinally oval; front
tibiae not toothed within. XVI. TANYMECUS.
aa. Front coxa? distant; front femora larger than the others, their tibia?
toothed within. XVII. PANDELETEIUS.

XV. PACHN^BUS Schonh., 182G. (Gr., "pruinose.")

Beak as long as the head, antennas inserted near its middle,
scape reaching hind margin of eye, first two joints of funicle
longer than the others, second longer than first, 3 — 7 subequal;
elytra wrider at base than thorax; humeri oblique. Two large
and handsome species occur in the South Atlantic States.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PACHN.EUS.

a. Color pale blue or greenish-blue; elytra strongly bisinuate at base,
the middle of each produced forward on the thorax. 151 OPALUS.
aa. Color pale bluish-white; elytra feebly bisinuate, not produced for-
ward at base. 152. DISTANS.

151 (8309). PACHN^US OPALUS Oliv., 1807, 339.

Oblong-oval. Piceous; everywhere densely covered with pale blue scales
having a faint cupreous lustre; median line and sides of thorax paler. Beak
with a fine median carina. Thorax one-third wider at base than long, sides
feebly curved to the narrower apex, base bisinuate, apex feebly lobed at

118 srr.FAMiLY ix. — OTIORIIYXCHINM:.

middle, disc finely and sparsely punctate, the median line slightly impress-
ed. Elytra oblong-oval, base one-fourth wider than thorax, strongly bisin-
uate, the humeri ending in a small tooth-like prominence; disc not striate,
but each elytron with twelve rows of small distant punctures; intervals
each with two irregular rows of fine punctures bearing minute whitish
bristles. Length 9 — 10.5 mm.

Recorded only from Florida where it lias a wide distribution.
Key West. April (i — July; Miami and Cape Sable, May. Schwa rz.
in his list of Florida Ooleoptera, says "Xorthern and Middle
Florida, not rare." Georgia; LeConte collection. Occurs mainly on
citrus trees. Ashmead ilNSO, 01) states that it is injurious to
the orange and on the keys of South Florida is found in large
numbers feeding on the leaves of the lime, and also on those of
the groundsel-tree. Bucduirix Inillnii folia L., and the sea ox-eye.
BorricJihi frutcxccns L., and Schwarx (ISSJh states that it occurs
more commonly on the various fig trees and all sorts of succulent
weeds.

152 (8310). PACIIX.KI-S DISTAXS Horn, 1876, 83.

Elongate-oval. Piceous; everywhere densely clothed with pale bluish-
white scales; antennas and tarsi reddish-brown. Head and beak as in opal us.
Thorax subcylindrical, scarcely wider than long, sides nearly parallel, base
bisinuate; disc with large, deep, scattered punctures. Elytra oblong, sides
feebly curved, tips separately acute; disc punctate as in opal us, the punc-
tures deeper and coarser; intervals flat. Length 8 — 14 mm.

Known from Manumuskin. X. J.. Wilmington and Southern
Pines, X. <"., and various points in north and central Florida.
Ormond. Apr. 11 — 14; Bartow, July 10. Occurs on pine and oak.

XVI. TAXYMK.TS derm.. 1S1T. < Or., "stretch.")

Beak as long as head, flattened above. Joints 1 — 2 of funicle
longer, sub-equal; 3 — 7 obcouical, gradually shorter; eyes oval;
scutellum small, triangular; surface densely scaly.

KKY TO SPECIES OF TAXYilECfS.

(i. Larger, 8 — 9 mm.; beak feebly emarginate at tip, not carinate above;

scape reaching the front margin of thorax. 153. LAC.KXA.

aa. Smaller, 5 — 7 mm.; beak truncate at tip, not carinate above; scape

reaching the hind border of eyes. 154. COXFERTUS.

153 (8311). TAXYMECUS LAC.KXA Herbst., 1797, 35.

Elongate, subcylindrical, male; oblong-oval, female. Piceous, densely
clothed with elongate-oval, ash-gray scales, those on thorax with a slight
cupreous tinge; each alternate interval of elytra usually slightly darker at
base. Head and beak nearly as long as thorax, densely and rather finely
punctured, the beak broadly concave above. Thorax subcylindrical, widest
at middle, one-fourth longer than wide, sides moderately curved; apex and
base truncate; disc convex, finely and densely punctate. Elytra oblong-

TRIBE I. TANYMEOIXI. 119

oval, female, longer and slightly separated at tip, male; humeri obtusely
rounded, disc feebly striate, striae with rather small punctures; intervals
slightly convex. Length 8 — 9 mm.

Dunedin, Fin., scarce; March 25 — Dec. 28; Lake Okeechobee,
March 3; Lakeland. Nov. !) ; Enterprise, Sept. 15 — Oct. 1 ; Jack
sonville, April 14. Occurs in Georgia, Florida and Texas, hiber-
nating beneath boards in dam]) localities.

154 (8312). TAXY.MKCTS CONFERTUS Gyll.. Schn., 1834, 88.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous-brown, above rather sparsely clothed with
grayish and cupreous scales; elytra irregularly mottled with brown; under
surface and legs densely scaly. Head and beak nearly as long as thorax,
densely and finely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, longer than wide, sides
in front feebly rounded; disc densely and finely punctate. Elytra oblong-
oval, wider at base than thorax; disc subconvex, feebly striate, the striae
with rows of large, deep punctures. Length 5 — 7 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, common; Lake and Starke counties
only in the north; January 1 — December 12. Hibernates beneath
logs and other cover. Taken in early spring- by sifting' and later
swept in numbers from low herbage along roadsides and rail-
roads. Frequent near New York City, June — September. Occurs
everywhere east of the Rocky Mountains. The scales on the
thorax are so arranged as to give its surface a striped appear-
ance, while the coppery ones on elytra are so placed as to cause
them to appear mottled. Kiley (1882, 010) states that both this
and the next species are "polyphagus without preference for any
particular plant," while according to Hamilton it breeds in wild
sun-flowers (HcUanthus). Brunei' records it as an enemy of
sugar beets, and also as feeding on cocklebur, pigweed and smart-
weed. Hamilton found it breeding and hibernating in stems of
Ambrosia trifi<l<i L., becoming a beetle without entering the
ground.

XVII. PAXDELETEIUS Schonh., 18.'U. ( Gr., ''very cunning.")

Beak slightly shorter than head, feebly compressed, the nasal
plate usually very small or lacking; antennal grooves on the
sides rather dee]), well defined, slightly curved and usually pass-
ing immediately beneath the eyes; scape gradually clavate, reach-
ing hind border of eye; funicle it- or 7 -jointed, joints 1 and 2
elongate, 5 — 7 very short, moniliform; eyes small, slightly oval;
scutellum small, triangular; front legs longer than the others,
their femora stouter. Eleven species have been described from
the United States, only two of which occur with us.

120

SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN.E.

Tables of the described species are to be found as follows:
Schceffer, Clias. in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI., 1908, 216.
Pierce, W. D. — "Studies in North American Weevils/' in
Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 45, 1913, 402.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PA^DELETEIUS.

a. Beak truncate at apex; front coxae not more widely separated than
middle ones; alternate elytral intervals not elevated. 155. HILARIS.
ao. Beak emarginate at apex; front coxae separated by about twice the dis-
tance between the middle ones; alternate intervals elevated.

156. SUBTROPICUS.
155 (8314). PANDELETEIUS HILARIS Host, 1797, 58.

Elongate, rather slender. Brownish, densely covered with small grayish

and fuscous scales, the latter forming a dark
space on disc of elytra, which is usually
broken by oblique median and subapical pale
cross-bars; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown.
Beak short, its upper surface finely punctate
and with distinct median impressed line. An-
tennal funicle 7-jointed, the first joint as long
as the two following united. Thorax subcylin-
drical, about as wide as long, constricted be-
fore and behind the middle which is strongly
rounded on the sides; disc coarsely, deeply
and rather densely punctate. Elytra truncate
at base which is wider than thorax; disc 10-
striate, stria? closely punctured; intervals
convex. Under surface covered with scales

having a pearly
(Fig. 48.)

lustre. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Fig. 48, X io- (After Felt.)

Common throughout Indiana; Jan. 1 — Sept. 21. Hibernates
beneath logs and rubbish. Beaten in numbers from black and
scarlet oak, Qin'rcux uclutina Lam. and Q. coccinea Wang.; also
from beech, smart-weed and Jersey tea, Ceanothus americana L.
Common near New York City. Ranges from Ontario and New
England to Iowa, Florida and Texas. It is said Dy Harris to
breed in trunks of the white oak, Q. alba L. Packard (1890, 71)
calls it the "gray -sided oak weevil," and states that the larva is
a worm like that of the plum weevil, which makes a smaller bur-
row than that of Eupsalis minuta Drury, and changes to a gray
weevil found on the leaves of oak from May to September. When
beaten into an umbrella its long front legs make its movements
\rery awkward, and it ''falls all over itself" in trying to escape,
thus amply justifying its specific name.
156 (- -). PAXDELETEIUS SL-BTROPICUS Fall. 1907, 263.

Elongate, slender. Brown, densely clothed with silver gray and pale
brown scales, the latter with a metallic lustre and forming a dark stripe

TRIBE II. CYPHINI. 121

on sides of thorax and broken lines on the elevated intervals of elytra.
Beak very short and broad, deeply notched at tip. Funicle 7-jointed, the
first joint as long as the two following. Thorax subcylindrical, apex feebly
rounded, as wide or slightly wider than base, sides feebly curved; disc
strongly constricted before and behind the middle, coarsely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, striae with rows of
close-set punctures; intervals convex, the alternate ones more or less ele-
vated. Length 2.5 mm.

Kecorded from Key West, Fla., April 2.

Tribe II. CYPHINI.

In this tribe the beak is robust, acutely and deeply notched
at tip and sides and with a fine median groove; fnnicle 7-jointed,
its second joint usually longer than first; marginal or tenth
stria of elytra often confluent with the ninth at one-third from
base; second ventral segment as long as or longer than the two
following, separated from the first by a strongly curved suture.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CYPHINI.

a. Tarsal claws free; second joint of funicle longer than first; corbels of

hind tibiae cavernous.

&. Elytra wider at base than thorax, their hurneri prominent.
c. Scape long, scaly, passing the eyes behind; articular surface of
hind tibiae scaly; alternate elytral intervals strongly elevated.

XVIII. COMPSUS.

cc. Scape short, stout, not passing the eyes; articular surface of hind

tibiae glabrous; alternate intervals not elevated; antennal grooves

short, suddenly curved downwards. XIX. BRACHYSTYLUS.

bb. Elytra oval, not wider at base than thorax, their hurneri rounded;

scape much more slender, usually reaching the thorax.
d. Articular surface of hind tibiae scaly; front tibiae not toothed
within; tenth elytral striae confluent with the ninth.

XX. ARTIPUS.
dd. Articular surface of hind tibiae glabrous; front tibiae denticulate

within; tenth elytral striae entire.

e. Joints of funicle elongate, the second as long or longer than the
first. XXI. PANTOMORUS.

ee. Joints of funicle short, the second shorter than the first.

XXII. LEPIDOCRICUS.

aa. Tarsal claws connate; second joint of funicle equal to first; corbels
of hind tibiae not cavernous; antennal grooves deep, directed towards
the eyes but not reaching them. XXIII. APHRASTUS.

All of these genera except Pantomorus are placed in the group
Platyomina in the Biologia, characterized by the antennal
groove being superior, short, parallel or divergent; eyes not
strictly lateral; elytra 10-striate; anterior tibiae unguiculate or
unarmed; posterior tibiae laminate at apex; tarsal claws free
(except in ApJirastus) ; body densely squamose. Pantomorus is

122 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIX.T].

in the Biologia removed to Epicaerini, and Pierce (1013, 411) re-
moves the whole Horn group Artipi, including Art! pus. Pun-
lontorns and Lcpidocricus to that tribe.

XVIII. COMPSUS Schoiih., 1820. (Gr.. "elegant")

Beak as long as head, gradually widened and deeply notched
at tip; antenual grooves deep, shallower behind, terminating
above the eye; second joint of fuuicle longer than first, 3 — 7
nearly cylindrical, feebly decreasing in length ; scntelhun round-
ed. One large and handsome species occurs in the Eastern United
States.

157 (8316) COMPSUS AURICEPHAT.US Say, 1824, 310; ibid, II, 174.

Elongate-oval, robust. Piceous, everywhere densely clothed with white
or greenish-white scales, those on head, legs and under surface paler and
often with a coppery tinge. Thorax wider at base than long, narrower in
front, sides feebly curved; disc sparsely rugose-punctate and with a broad
median groove. Elytra more than twice as long as wide, sides feebly diverg-
ing to behind the middle; disc feebly striate, stri* with large distant punc-
tures; alternate intervals strongly elevated, all bearing very short, scale-
like hairs. Length 9 — 12 mm.

"•Occurs rather abundantly from Georgia to Mexico" ( Horn ) .
Recorded definitely from our territory only from Natchez
and Thornton, Mississippi ; June 11. Taken by Townsend
(1!MI3, 04) in Texas from cotton in May, and also from Luntana
ccnuara L., Ehrctiu clliptica DC. and other plants in palmetto
thickets and woods; June 7 — 25. Lays its eggs in a mass of
gummy substance on leaves and folds a portion of the leaf over
them so that they are perfectly concealed. The eggs hatch in 7
or 8 days and the larvae enter the ground to feed on the roots of
plants. (Pierce, 1916.)

X[X. BRACHYSTYLUS Schonh., 1845. (Gr., "short" + "scape.")

Beak horizontal, nearly as long and broad as head, flat: eyes
round; antennae short, scaly, first joint of fuuicle short, robust,
joints 3 — 7 cylindrical, subequal ; scutellum rather large, oval;
front and middle tibiae mucronate. One species represents the
genus in North America.

158 (8319). BRACHYSTYLTJS ACUTUS Say, 1824, 310; ibid, II, 173.

Oblong, rather slender. Brownish-gray; above uniformly snd densely
covered with lilac-gray scales; elytra with an oblique blackish band behind
the middle; under surface densely clothed with pearly scales. Head and
beak together not as long as thorax, sparsely punctured. Thorax subcylin-
drical, slightly narrowed in front, apex truncate, base feebly Insinuate, disc

TRIBE II. — CYPIIIXI. 123

sparsely and rather finely punctate. Elytra oblong, their tips subacumin-
ate; disc feebly striate, strise with coarse punctures; intervals feebly con-
vex, each with a single row of minute appressed hairs. Last ventral seg-
ment rounded in male, acutely triangular in female. Length 7.5 — 9 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent; Kosciusko County only
in the north; May 12 — August 11. Beaten from persimmon and
hickory and swept from low herbage. Known as the "gray per-
simmon weevil." Ranges from New York to Missouri, south to
Georgia and Mississippi, and probably wherever the persimmon
grows. Riley states that it feeds only on persimmon, but that
tree does not grow in Kosciusko County, and unfortunately no
habitat record was made of the half dozen specimens taken there
on Auust 11.

XX. ARTIPUS Sahlberg, 1823. (Gr., "not halting.")

Beak not longer than head, robust, finely grooved above; an-
tennal grooves narrow and deep in front, broader and evanescent
behind, the lower border strongly curved downward; antenme in-
serted near tip, joints 1 and 2 of funicle subequal, longer than
3 — 7 which are also subequal ; inner wings present. One species
occurs in Florida.

159 (S320). ABTIPUS FLORUITS Horn, 1876, 92.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous, everywhere densely clothed with white or
pale greenish-blue scales, those on head and beak often with a coppery lus-
tre; the larger punctures of elytra surrounded by a darker area. Thorax
cylindrical, as wide as long, sides almost parallel, apex and base truncate;
disc sparsely marked with unequal punctures and with a fine interrupted
median line. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, sides parallel for three-
fourths their length; stria? with rows of fine and a few very coarse punc-
tures; intervals flat, each with two rows of very short, scale-like hairs.
Length 5 — 6.5 mm.

Widely distributed in Florida; Little River, March IT. Many
other localities recorded by Pierce; January 3 — July 1. Injurious
to the orange. Mentioned by Ashmead (1880, 62) as feeding on
the same plants as does P<icJi turns opal UK, and by Schwarz as
feeding on leaves of oak and juniper. "Known in Florida as the
'rose bug,' and, though polyphagous, it seems to have a special
fondness for citrus fruits, particularly the lime, destroying the
blossoms and young fruit and nipping the margins of the leaves,
which then become white, giving the tree a stunted, frosted ap-
pearance. Many of those feeding on live oaks are of a brilliant
verdigris-green color, instead of the creamy-while of those feeding
on citrus."*

*Hamilton Can. Ent., XXVI, 256.

124 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN^E.

XXI. PANTOMORUS Schonh., 1840. (Gr., "a great fool.")

Pierce, following Champion, has combined the genera Arami-
gus and Pliaceplwlis Horn with Pantomorus Schonh., which has
priority. Onr species have the beak short and stout; cheeks
strongly emarginate; eyes oval, prominent; scutelliim small or
indistinct; inner wings absent; front femora stouter than the
others, their tibia? denticulate within and niucronate at tip. To
the genera combined as above mentioned belong ten nominal
species from the United States, only three of which are recorded
from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PANTOMORUS.

a. Hind tibiae with at most a double row of spines at tip; second joint

of funicle twice as long as first.
&. Surface densely scaly; teeth on inner side of front tibiae minute.

160. TESSELLATUS.

bb. Surface moderately scaly; teeth of front tibiae larger, very distinct.

161. FULLERI.

aa. Hind tibiae with an oval scaly disc at tip; thorax obliquely truncate;
front and middle tibiae denticulate; second joint of funicle subequal
to first; elytra twice as long as wide. 162. CANDIDUS.

160 (8321). PANTOMORUS TESSELLATUS Say, 1824, 318; ibid. II, 178.

Oblong-oval. Above densely clothed with grayish and brownish scales,
those on thorax usually so arranged as to form a narrow pale line on the
sides and a broader one each side of a wide median brownish space;
elytra brownish with small paler mottlings each side of suture, a pale line
on each humerus and another each side of the tips; antennae and tarsi
reddish-brown. Head and beak as long as thorax, sparsely punctured. Tho-
rax subcylindrical, a little broader than long, sides feebly curved, apex and
base truncate, disc finely punctate. Elytra oval, somewhat narrowed near
tips; humeri rectangular, slightly projecting forward; disc convex, striae
fine, not closely punctured; intervals flat, bearing numerous, very short,
inclined hairs. Under surface and femora densely scaly. Length 5 — 7.5 mm.

Vigo County, Ind., scarce; June 19. Four specimens taken
from the leaves of iron-weed, Vernonia fasciculata Michx. They
are apparently of the variety pallidns Horn in which the scales
of upper surface are "pale greenish white with barely perceptible
darker spaces arranged as in the typical variety." Kanges from
southwestern Indiana and southern Illinois west and southwest
to Nebraska and New Mexico. Recorded as attacking the foliage
of the sweet potato.

161 (8322). PANTOMORUS FULLERI Horn, 1876, 94.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown, rather sparsely clothed with gray or pale

TRIBE II. CYPHIXI.

Fig. 49. a, Larva: b, pupa; c and d, adult X
c, eggs; /, maxilla; g and /i, head of larva
(After Riley.)

brown scales; elytra with a
whitish or pale stripe ex-
tending from the humerus to
middle along the margin,
thence obliquely upward to-
wards the suture. Head and
beak longer than thorax, den-
sely punctured. Thorax sub-
cylindrical; disc with a fine
median line, densely punc-
tured. Elytra regularly oval,
base subtruncate without hu-
meri; disc indistinctly striate,
with rows of large, rather
closely placed punctures; inter-
vals as in tessellatus. Length
6.5—8.5 mm. (Fig. 49.)

Not in the collection at hand from Indiana, but undoubtedly
occurs about greenhouses in the State, as it ranges from New
England and Wisconsin to California and Hawaii, and as far
south as Florida. Now rarely found even in greenhouses near
New York City. Little Falls, N. Y., Oct. IS, on carnations. Ac-
cording to Chittenden (1901, 88 — 96) it is known in economic
literature as "Fuller's rose beetle," as it attacks cultivated roses
and geraniums and many other greenhouse plants, as well as
citrus and other fruit trees. It is destructive in both larval and
imago stages, but does most damage as a larva when it lives in
the soil and feeds upon the roots of its food plants, while the
imago attacks the foliage, flowers and buds. The beetles are noc-
turnal in habit, feeding only after dark, and the female secretes
her eggs by thrusting them with her beak between the loose bark
and base of the stem near the ground. They are laid in batches,
each lot containing from ten to 60 eggs. The latter require about
a month to hatch. The best remedy so far known is to search for
and destroy the beetles when they are on the plants at night, or
to place traps, such as chips and boards, near the roots, under
which they will hide at night. The larvre can be readily destroyed
by injecting with a small metal syringe a few drops of carbon
bisulphide or a larger amount of kerosene emulsion about the
roots. Fertilizing with tobacco waste and spraying with arsenate
of lead is also recommended. From trees or shrubs the beetles
may be excluded by wrapping with cotton bands.

162 (8325). PAXTOMORUS CANDIDUS Horn, 1876, 97.

Oblong. Surface densely covered with pale gray or nearly white
scales, intermixed with sparse short white hairs. Head and beak as long
as thorax, median groove fine, reaching the occiput. Thorax as long as

126 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN.E.

wide at base, slightly narrowed in front and feebly prolonged over the
head; sides moderately curved; disc convex, granular and with a feebly
impressed median line. Elytra oval, humeri obtuse, sides feebly curved;
striae with elongate, rather close-set punctures; intervals moderately con-
vex, densely scaly and with very short white hairs; male with tubercles
on second ventral segment. Length 8 mm.

Forest City, Havana and Urbana, Illinois; June 6. Abundant
on steins of plants in low ground along the railway.* (Hart.)
Recorded elsewhere only from Kansas and Colorado. Hart states
that in the Illinois specimens the thorax has a dorsal pale brown
stripe divided by a fine median white line and lateral and ventro-
lateral darker stripes.

XXII. LEPIDOCRICUS Pierce, 1910. (Or., "scale" + "circle.")

Beak not longer than head, separated from the latter by a
deep constriction; cheeks strongly emarginate; autennte short,
first joint of fimicle longer than second, the others moniliform ;
scales of thorax arranged in circles upon the numerous close-set
tubercles; tips of hind tibia- with a single row of fimbrise; second
segment of abdomen longer than the next two united.

163 (- -). LEPIDOCRICUS HERRICKI Pierce, 1910, 362.

Oval, robust, Surface everywhere densely clothed with grayish to
brownish concave scales and intermixed bristles. Head and beak together
about as long as thorax, the beak with deep median groove, coarsely and
rugosely punctate, almost naked at tip. Thorax broader than long, sides
strongly rounded; apex slightly narrower than base; disc closely covered
with cylindrical tubercles, each with a deep bristle-bearing puncture. Ely-
tral stria? with coarse, close-set bristle-bearing punctures; intervals flat,
each with a row of short bristles. Body beneath sparsely clothed with thin
scales, more densely with long white setae. Length 5 — 6 mm.

Douglas Co., Kan., and Illinois; LeConte collection. Mobile,
Alabama. (Lodlny}. Known also from Mississippi ; Ft. Scott and
Onaga, Kan. and Lincoln, Neb. Tierce's type specimens were
taken May 7, 1004, at Easter, Miss., and were reported as attack-
ing cotton, "eating off the leaves and even eating the young plant
before it gets out of the ground." ITarned states that it has not
since been reported from this locality. The punctures of the
thoracic tubercles are said by Pierce to resemble little craters,
and those of the elytral intervals appear linear because of the
dense scaly vestiture.

XXIII. APIIRASTI-S Say, 1831. (Or., "unexpected.")
Head broader behind the eyes, vertex convex, beak slightly
longer and narrower than head; eyes round; scape slightly

"Hull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., VII, 1907, J4-S.

TRIBE II. CYPHINI.

127

aa

164

curved, reaching the thorax; joints 1 and 2 of fnnicle longer, 3 — 7
short, gradually becoming wider; front and middle tibia? feebly
miu-ronate, not denticulate within; inner wings present, but rudi-
mentary.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF APHRASTl'S.

a. Surface densely scaly; second and fourth intervals of elytra pale
brown; thorax with three narrow brownish stripes; second joint
of funicle slender, two-thirds longer than first. 164. T.ENIATUS.

Surface more sparsely scaly; elytral intervals unicolorous; thorax
without stripes; second joint of funicle stouter, one-third longer than
first. 165. GRISEUS.

(8327). APHRASTUS T.ENIATUS Say, 1831, 9; ibid, I, 2G9.
Elongate-oblong, convex. Surface very densely clothed with minute

pale gray scales; upper surface of head,
second and fourth intervals of elytra and
three narrow stripes on thorax of pale brown
scales; antennae reddish-brown, the club
fuscous. Head and beak together shorter
than thorax, the beak deeply notched in
front, its nasal plate very large. Thorax sub-
cylindrical, slightly narrowed in front, sides
feebly curved, apex obliquely truncate, base
slightly bisinuate, disc finely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra oval, somewhat pointed be-
hind, one-third wider at base than thorax,
strife with rather small, closely placed punc-
tures; intervals moderately convex, each with
a single row of minute prostrate whitish

hair8' LellgUl ^~^ m™' (FIg' 5°" >

Fig. so, X 6. (After Felf.

Southern two-thirds of Indiana, frequent; Lake County only
in the north. May 21 — July 21. Mating June 17, on the great
ragweed, A ml) rosin trifida L. ; also taken from pokeweed and
ironweed, and by sweeping. Ranges from New England to Mis-
souri. Common near New York City, June to September. Re-
corded as occurring on papaw and the white birch, Bctnla i><>jt-
uli folia Marsh; also on sassafras, hazel, alder and other bushes
in July by Smith. Breeds abundantly in the roots of various
coarse grasses. (Hamilton.}

165 (— — ). APHRASTUS GRISEUS sp. nov.

Smaller and more slender than ttrniatus; surface much more sparsely
clothed with grayish scales, the brown stripes of ta'niat-us wholly absent.
Antennae stouter, the second joint of funicle shorter. Thorax more coarse-
ly punctured, less obliquely truncate in front. Length 5 — 6.2 mm.
(W. 8. B.)

Marion, Hamilton and Posey counties, Indiana, scarce; May
25 — July 7. Taken by sweeping. The piceous shining surface
shows through the scales in many places, giving the insect a

128 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN.^E.

grizzled appearance. Eight specimens from Georgia without
name are in the Horn collection at Philadelphia.

Tribe III. EVOTINI.

Beak longer than head, slightly dilated near tip, which is
feebly eniargmate; antennal grooves narrow, deep, moderately
curved, passing beneath the eyes; scutellum distinct; articular
surfaces of hind tibia? feebly cavernous, glabrous. The tribe as
above characterized is represented in our territory by the single
genus

XXIY. LACHXOPUS Schon., 1840. (Gr., "woolly" + "feet")

This genus is distinguished from others of the tribe by having
the submentum not pedunculate; mentum broader than long;
scape passing hind border of eyes; joints 1 and 2 of funicle
longer, subequal, 3 — 7 shorter, subequal ; thorax bisinuate at base;
elytra wider at base than thorax; Imnaeri prominent.

166 (8329). LACHNOPUS FLORIDANUS Horn, 1876, 101.

Oblong-oval. Black or chestnut brown, shining; very sparsely clothed
with whitish hair-like scales which, on the elytra, are in part condensed in
small rounded widely isolated patches; antennae and tarsi dark reddish-
brown. Head and beak slightly longer than thorax, rather densely punc-
tured, the beak with a median groove. Eyes prominent Thorax oval,
slightly broader than long, narrowed at apex, widest at middle: disc dense-
ly, coarsely and unevenly punctate, the sides rugulose. Elytra emarginate
at base, disc not striate, marked with rows of large, deep, close-set punc-
tures; intervals feebly convex, the alternate ones with patches of condensed
scales. Under surface finely and sparsely punctured. Length 6 — 6.5 mm.

Recorded only from Key West and Cape Sable, Fla., April-
June.

Tribe IV. PHYLLOBIINI.

Head prolonged behind the eyes; beak short, stout, cylindrical,
truncate or feebly notched at tip; antennal grooves short, sub-
terminal ; inandibular scar small, on the face of the mandible
itself; scutellum distinct; articular surfaces of hind tibia? termi-
nal, glabrous; front coxa? contiguous, middle ones feebly sepa-
rated.

KEY TO EASTERX GENERA OF PHYLLOBIINI.

a. Antennal grooves represented by small subterminal pits or fossae;
mentum entirely concealing the maxillae; pubescence of sparse, blu-
ish-green, hair-like scales. XXV. PHYLLOBIUS.
ao. Antennal grooves linear, curved and directed beneath.

b. Elytra wider at base than thorax; humeri angulate, often prominent;

claws connate.

c. Beak slightly narrower than head, its nasal plate small and incon-
spicuous. XXVI. POLYDRUSUS.

TRIBE IV. PHYLLOBI1NI.

129

cc. Beak very short and stout, its nasal plate large, as wide as beak

and distinctly margined. XXVII. SCYTHROPUS.

l>b. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, emarginate or truncate; hu-

meri absent or rounded; wings absent or rudimentary.
d. Antennae scaly or coarsely pubescent; body beneath rather densely

scaly; length 4 or more mm.

e. Antenna! grooves curved downward and directed toward the
constriction between the head and beak; elytra robust, oval.

XXVIII. SCIAPHILUS.
ee. Antennal grooves directed towards and just beneath the eyes;

scape not passing the eyes, which are very prominent.

XXIX. STROPHOSOMA.
(Id. Antennae shining, sparsely hairy; body beneath nearly naked;

smaller, not over 3 mm. XXX. BARYPEITHES.

XXY. PHYLLOBIUS Germar, 1824. (Gr., "leaf ' -f "living on/')
Beak as long as and somewhat narrower than head ; eyes oval,
slightly oblique; antenna? long and slender, scape
reaching the front of thorax, joints 1 and 2 of fnni-
cle longer, the second longer than first, 3 — 7 sub-
equal, obcouical ; scutellum distinct; second ventral
not as long as the two following united, its front
suture nearly straight. One introduced European
species occurs in our territory. (Fig. 51.)

Fig. 5 1 .

lobius sp. ?

167 (8332). PHYLLOBIUS GLAUCUS Scop., 1763, 31.

Elongate-oblong. Black, shining; head and thorax
rather densely, elytra very sparsely clothed with bluish-
( After Kuhnt.) green scales; antennas and legs pale reddish-brown. Head
and beak as long as thorax, densely punctured. Thorax oval, one-half
broader than long, narrower at apex than base, sides strongly rounded, disc
convex, rather densely and finely punctured. Elytra oblong, wider at base
than thorax, sides parallel for four-fifths their length, then suddenly con-
verging to an acuminate apex; strial punctures rather large, close-set; in-
tervals feebly convex, finely and sparsely punctate. Femora rather strong-
ly toothed on the inner side. Length 5.5 — 7.5 mm.

Recorded from Canada. Gyllenhal states that in size, color
and vestiture European specimens are extremely variable.

XXVI. POLYDRUSUS Germar, 1817. (Gr., "many" -j- "dewy.")

In this genus, with which CypJioni'ninis Horn of the Henshaw
catalogue has been combined, the beak is a little shorter and nar-
rower than the head, its tip feebly notched ; autennal groove deep
in front, suddenly bent and passing beneath the eyes, the latter
round; antenna? long, slender, joints 1 and 2 of funicle longer,
3 — 7 obconical, gradually decreasing in length ; club elongate-
oval ; inner wings present. Three species, two of them European,
have been taken in the Eastern United States.

KiO SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN.K.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF POLYDRUSUS.

a. Scape long, slender, reaching far beyond the eyes; the latter small,

separated by nearly twice their own diameters.

I). Color brown, the scales gray and pale brown. 168. AMERICAN us.

bit. Color black, the scales pale green. 169. IMPRESSIFRONS.

act. Scape shorter, reaching hind border of eyes, the latter much larger,

separated by about their own diameters; color black, the scales

green. 170. SEKICEUS.

168 (8333). POLYDRUSUS AMERICANUS Gyll., Schn., 1834, 136.
Oblong-oval, narrowed in front. Brown, shining, rather densely clothed

with pale gray and cinnamon-brown scales, the latter forming a dark
stripe on vertex, three narrow stripes on thorax, and large discal blotch on
elytra; under surface piceous, shining; antennae and legs reddish-brown.
Head and beak as long as thorax, sparsely punctured. Thorax subcylindri-
cal, as wide as long, apex obliquely, base squarely truncate, sides feebly
curved, disc sparsely punctured. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax,
humeri prominent; disc striate, striae finely punctured; intervals flat, each
with a single row of short, stiberect hairs. Length 5 — 5.5 mm.

Lawrence and Kosciusko counties, Ind., scarce; April 28—
June 3. Taken by sweeping. Portage, X. Y., common on beech;
May 1*4. Ranges from New York, Michigan, and Toronto, Can-
ada, south and west to Maryland and Kansas. Near New York
City under stones in early spring and in December; on various
plants in July and August. No record of its food habits can be
found. The brown blotch on elytra is widest just behind their
middle and extends forward on the first three intervals to the
base. Cyp1toniiinii$ (lorftalis Horn is a synonym.

169 (- — ). POLYDRUSUS IMPRESSIFRONS Gyll., Schn., 1834, 140.

Elongate-oblong, slender. Black or fuscous, body everywhere densely
clothed with small, round pale green scales; antennae and legs pale red-
dish-brown. Beak short, its tip deeply and broadly emarginate; front im-
pressed, deeply punctured. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide as long, base and
apex truncate, sides somewhat rounded, finely punctate. Elytra one-half
wider at base than thorax; disc finely punctate-striate; intervals wide, flat,
each with a row of very short, reclined bristles. Length 4.7 — 5 mm.

A European species taken by H. H. Knight at Geneva, Batavia
and Portage, N. Y., May 22 — June 18. New Haven, Conn. ; Na-
tional Museum collection. The color of the scales is said by Oyl-
lenhal to vary sometimes to greenish-blue or yellowish-green.
"Especially numerous and mating on small plum trees, the adults
feeding on the green plums and leaves, but no eggs or larva1 could
be found." (Kni</lit.)

170 (- -). POLYDRUSUS SERICEUS Schall., 1783, 286.

Elongate-oblong, somewhat robust. Black, rather densely clothed above
and beneath with rounded metallic-green scales; antennae and legs pale
reddish-brown, very sparsely scaly. Beak indistinctly carinate behind the

TRIBE IV. PHYLLOBIIM. 131

antennae; front with an elongate fovea; scape reaching hind border of eye.
Thorax one-third wider than long, narrowed at base and apex, sides broadly
rounded, disc finely and densely punctate, with a short smooth line at
middle. Elytra elongate-subcylindrical, one-third wider at base than thorax;
striate, the striae with rather large, close-set punctures; intervals feebly
convex. Female with femora toothed. Length 5.5 — 7 mm.

Three specimens taken by Harold Morrison near Indianapolis,
Ind. A common European species.

XXVII. SCYTHROPUS Schonh., 1826. (Gr., "morose.")

Beak short, stout, slightly narrowed in front, its antennal
grooves badly limited, slightly curved ; eyes round, distant from
thorax; scape slender, passing the eyes, funicle T-jointed, first
joint slightly longer than second, 3 — 7 shorter, club elongate-
oval; scutellum small, nearly oval; elytra wider at base than
thorax, humeri obtusely prominent; articular surface's of hind
tibiae terminal. Eight species have been described from the
United States, only one of which occurs east of the Mississippi
River. For a table of the species see

FaH, H. C.—In Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, 1901, 309.

171 (8334). SCYTHROPUS ELEGANS Coup., Can. Nat., 1865, 63.

Oblong. Surface densely clothed with scales of variable hue, from bril-
liant green or slightly cupreous to ash-gray; elytra with suture always and
sides usually paler; legs piceous. Head and beak as long as thorax. Thorax
short, subcylindrical, wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, apex and
base truncate. Elytra oblong, evenly convex at sides, narrowed at apical
third; striae finely and closely punctured; intervals flat, bearing numerous
minute suberect hairs. Males with front tibiae distinctly curved near apex,
the inner and outer margins nearly parallel. Length 5 — 7 mm.

Ranges from New England and Ontario to Washington and
California, and may, therefore, occur in the Transition Zone of
Northern Indiana. Occurs mainly on the white pine, Finns
strobus L. Chittenden (1890, 168) says that at Ithaca, New
York, it sometimes appears "in great abundance the latter part
of April, continuing in constantly decreasing numbers to the
middle of July. The variation in coloration is great. In the large
majority the normal ground color is a rather bright fawn, tinged
with a more or less coppery lustre; some are decidedly cupreous,
even brilliant, inclining to a pinkish hue, while others are of an
equally brilliant metallic green. Specimens taken late in the sea-
son have the scales worn or faded, leaving the body a nearly uni-
form dull cinereous."

132 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIX.E.

XXVIII. SCIAPHILUS Schonh., 1820. (Or., "shade" + "lover.")

Beak short, flat, slightly narrower than head, the tip with a
broad rounded notch ; antennae long, slender, scape reaching front
margin of thorax; joints 1 and 2 of fvmicle snbequal in length,
the first stouter, 3 — 7 shorter, obconic, subequal ; club oblong-
ovate, acuminate; scntellnm small, triangular; second ventral
segment longer than the two following united, its front suture
strongly curved.

172 (10,795). SCIAPHILUS JIUKICATUS Fab., 1801, 544.

Oblong-oval. Fusco-piceous, rather thickly clothed with gray and cup-
reous scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax short, as wide as
long, narrowed behind apex and in front of base, sides feebly rounded, disc
densely and finely punctate. Elytra strongly convex, narrowed and truncate
at base, side broadly rounded to the acuminate apex; disc striate-punctate;
intervals feebly convex, each with a row of prominent inclined whitish
set*. Femora obtusely toothed. Length 4.5 mm.

An introduced European species, recorded from Quebec,
Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Xew Jer-
sey. June 17 — August. The elytra sometimes have a faint fus-
cous cross-bar behind the middle.

XXIX. STROPHOSOMA Billberg, 1820. (Or., "twisted"+"body.")

Beak short, flat, as wide as head, its tip with a broad, rounded
emargination ; antennae rather long and slender, scape reaching
the middle of eye; first joint of funicle longer and stouter than
second; 3 — 7 shorter, obconic; scutellum minute. One introduced
European species occurs in our territory.

173 (10,797). STROPHOSOMA CORYLI Fab., 1801, 524.

Oblong-ovate. Black, densely clothed above, more sparsely beneath,
with fuscous and grayish-yellow scales except in an elongate sutural spot
behind the 'scutellum; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax
short, two-thirds wider than long, apex wider than base, sides broadly
rounded, disc deeply and densely punctate. Elytra as wide at base as
middle of thorax, humeri indistinct, disc very feebly striate, intervals al-
most flat, each with a row of short curved setae. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Known from Montreal, Canada; South Orange, X. J., and
Long Island, X. Y. Taken from the black or sweet birch, Betula
Icnta L. Eesembles the preceding in form and size, readily dis
tinguished by its more protruding eyes, less veutricose elytra and
untoothed femora.

XXX. BARYPEITIIES Duval, 1855. (Or., "slow" + "to move.")

Small robust species having the body sparsely hairy, devoid
of scales; beak shorter than head, deeply notched at tip; an-
tennap inserted near its base; scape reaching thorax, first joint

TRIBE V. PROMECOP1NI. 133

of funicle stouter and longer than second, 3 — 7 moniliforni ;
scutellum minute, triangular; second ventral as long as the next
two, its front suture straight. E.roniias is another name some-
times used for this genus.

174 (10,796). BARYPEITHES PELLUCTDUS Boh., Schn., 1834, 507.
Oblong-ovate. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, sparsely clothed

with long yellowish hairs; antennas and legs paler. Beak and head shorter
than thorax, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Thorax subglobose, as
wide as long, widest at middle, sides broadly rounded, disc coarsely and
rather sparsely punctate. Elytra oval, widest at middle; disc rather deep-
ly striate, strial punctures large, close-set; intervals feebly convex, each
with a row of long, inclined yellowish hairs. Under surface almost glabrous,
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 3 mm.

Fall River, Mass., May 19 ; Batavia, N. Y., June 5. A European
species known also from Massachusetts, Long and Staten Islands,
N. Y., Orange Mts., N. J., and Cincinnati, Ohio. Attacks straw-
berries in Europe.

Tribe V. PROMECOPINI.

In this tribe the beak is short, stout, cylindrical, flattened
above, not or feebly dilated in our genera, its tip emarginate;
antenna! grooves dee]), curved, passing beneath the head imme-
diately in front of the eyes ; thorax with large ocular lobes, deeply
and broadly emarginate beneath in front ; tarsal claws free. The
group Entimina of the Biologia is equivalent to this tribe except
that Aracantlnis, being apterous, is excluded.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF PROMECOPINI.

a. Elytra broadly oval; scutellum small; length less than 4 mm.

XXXI. ARACAXTHUS.

aa. Elytra oblong, their sides parallel; scutellum larger, broader than
long; length 5 — 8 mm. XXXII. EUDIAGOGUS.

XXXI. ARACANTHUS Schonh., 1810. (Gr., '"strong" -f- "spine.")

Beak cylindrical, scarcely longer than head, flattened above,
its antenual grooves linear, not meeting but turning forwards
beneath the eyes; scape reaching middle of eye; first joint of
funicle longer than second, 3 — 7 gradually shorter, slightly flat-
tened; club oval; scutellum very small, triangular; elytra broadly
oval, very little wider than thorax at base, the humeri rectang-
ular.

175 (8339). ARACANTHUS PALLIDUS Say, 1831, 9; ibid., I. 268.

Short, oval, convex. Piceous-brown, above densely clothed with small
dark gray and fuscous scales, many of which often have a coppery lustre,
the darker ones forming mottlings on the thorax and elytra; antenna?,
tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown. Head and beak not longer than thorax,
rather densely punctured, both with fine median impressed line. Thorax
slightly wider than long, sides curved in front of middle; disc convex,

134

SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYXCHIN.E.

coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra feebly striate, marked with
rows of rather large, somewhat distant punctures; intervals slightly convex,
each with a single row of minute curved whitish bristles. Under surface
and legs sparsely scaly. Length 2.7 — 3.5 mm.

Southern third of Indiana, frequent; April 13 — July 7.
Beaten from oak and ash; taken by sweeping and from beneath
the bark of beech. A member of the Austroriparian fauna, known
from Cincinnati, Ohio, west and soutlnvest to Iowa, Missouri and
Texas. One specimen in the Liljeblad collection labelled, per-
haps erroneously, ''Pawpaw Lake, Mich., July 20." Probably
hibernates as imago. No record of its feeding1 habits <-an be found.
A compact and handsome little species; the disc of thorax often
largely fuscous with sides and median line paler.

XXXII. EUDIAGOGUS Schonh., 1840. ( Gr., "pleasing.")

Beak as long as head, stout, tip feebly notched, antennal
grooves narrow, deep, passing just beneath the lower border of
<yes, the latter oval, pointed beneath; scape reaching middle of
eye; first joint of fnnicle slightly longer than the others, 2 — 7
gradually shorter; second ventral as long as the two following
united, its front suture broadly curved. Two species are known
from the South Atlantic states.

KEY TO SPECIES OF EUDIAGOGUS.

a. Scutellum twice as wide as long; thorax with four discal black spaces,
the two basal ones smaller; black stripes of elytra regular.

176. PULCI-IER.

aa. Scutellum smaller, oval; thorax with two broad, black, narrowly sep-
arated discal stripes; black stripes of elytra with irregular margins.

177. ROSENSCHfELDI.

176 (8340). EUDIAGOGUS PULCHER Fahr., Schn., 1840, 310.

Elongate-oblong. Black, densely clothed with black and bright cupreous
or greenish scales, the latter forming a narrow
median and two wider lateral stripes and a post-me-
dian cross-bar on thorax, and a marginal disca!
and common sutural stripe on elytra, the two
former often connected at middle; sides of under
surface also cupreous or greenish. Beak with a
deep median sulcus, densely and finely punctate.
Thorax broader at middle than long, sides strongly
curved in front, gradually narrowing to base, disc
with scattered, rather coarse punctures. Elytra
oblong, wider at base than thorax, humeri oblique,
sides parallel for three-fourths of their length,
then converging to a rounded apex; disc feebly
striate, strise with rows of small distant punctures;
intervals flat. Length 5 — 8 mm. (Fig. 52.)

Fig- 5-2, X 5- (Original.)

KEY TO GENERA OF OTIORHYXCHIX .K. l.",.~

Common th rough out Florida. Ranges from there to Louis-
iana, southern Texas and Mexico. Hundreds were found hiber-
nating' beneath the bark of a pine log at the edge of a truck patch
near Sanford, Fla., on January 13. Tn spring- it occurs on the
long-leaf pine. Feeds on different species of the sensitive pea,
(Cassia) and other legumes. Townsend (1903, 04) reported it as
"abundant on leaves and branches of 8cft~b(inifi rcxicai-ia VA\., in
copula and eating the leaves. June 5 — July 3, the larva1 probably
living in the roots."
177 (8341). EUDIAGOGUS EOSENSCHOELDI Fahr., Schn., 1840, 309.

Oblong-oval. Black, densely clothed with black and cupreous scales,
the black ones forming two stripes on thorax, and on the elytra a broad
stripe each side of suture and an irregular one on the sides of
disc; elytral stripes often much interrupted or absent. Thorax as long as
wide, sides in front rather suddenly converging, nearly parallel behind,
disc sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytra less elongate than in pulclier.
Length 5.5 — 7 mm.

Pass riiristiau. Miss., March. Ranges from Alabama and
Mississippi to Louisiana and Texas, but so far not reported from
Florida. Often occurs in company with and feeding on the same
plants as pith-her. Less elongate and more robust than the latter.

In concluding our descriptions of Otiorhynchiiwe, the student
must be cautioned that the determination of the genus to which
his specimen belongs is sometimes difficult. The system of Le-
Conte and Horn has been mainly followed in the preceding pages,
but the determination of the genus should be checked by the fol-
lowing additional key to the genera. This key is based upon the
work of Pierce in this country and Bedel in Europe, is more
modern and in some respects easier for the student to follow.
Comparison with the classification adopted in Biologia Centrali-
Americana has been made under each tribe.

KKY TO GENERA OF OTIORIIYXCHIX.E LEC'.*

a. Ocular lobes more or less developed; eyes variable, but generally elong-
ate transverse, acuminate beneath and, in part at least, covered
ft. Mentum large, covering the maxillae.

c. Scrobes not directed beneath. (EREMXIX.E Pascoe).

The only genus in the U. S. is PHYXELIS, p. 106.

cc. Scrobes directed beneath, (EXTIMIX.E Pierce).

d. Scrobes deep, well defined, at least moderately arcuate, passing

interiorly. AXAMETIS, p. 102.

eld. Scrobes evanescent posteriorly, badly defined, nearly straight or

flexed gradually downward, directed toward lower angle of

eye. PAXS.COPUS, p. 103.

'Following Pierce, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLV, 1913, 372.

136 SUBFAMILY IX. OTIORHYNCHIN.E.

bb. Men turn smaller. ( PROMECOPIX.E Pierce).

e. Elytra broadly oval, scutellum small; metasternum short.

AEACANTHUS, p. 133.

ee. Elytra oblong, broader at base than thorax, scutellum transverse;
metasternum moderately long. EUDIAGOGTJS, p. 134.

aa. Ocular lobes absent; eyes rounded or shortly oval and always free.
f. Scrobes linear, directed beneath.

g. Thorax with ocular vibrissae, or if without them, with anterior
coxae narrowly separated. ( TAXYMECIX^E Pierce).

1\. Ocular vibrissae always present; front coxae contiguous.

i. Thorax feebly lobed behind the eyes and bisinuate at base; eyes
transversely oval, pointed beneath. PACHX^US, p. 117.

ii. Thorax not lobed, base truncate; eyes round or longitudi-
nally oval. TANYJIECUS, p. 118.
Till. Ocular vibrissae frequently lacking; front coxae separated.

PAXDELETEIUS, p. 119.

gg. Thorax without ocular vibrissae. (PSALLIDIIX.E Pierce).

;'. Elytra wider than thorax at base; humeri angulate, often prom-
inent.
A-. Claws free.

/. Genae emarginate behind the mandibles. COMPSUS, p. 122.
II. Gena? not or hardly emarginate. LACHXOPUS, p. 128.

Jck. Claws connate.

m. Beak with nasal plate small and inconspicuous.

POLYDRUSUS, p. 129.

mm. Beak very short and massive, with nasal plate large, as wide

as beak and distinctly margined. SCYTHROPUS, p. 131.

;';'. Elytra not wider than thorax, emarginate or truncate at base;

humeri absent or rounded, wings absent or rudimentary.
n. The three intermediate segments of the abdomen equal, sep-
arated by straight sutures.* HORMORUS, p. 100.
nn. Abdominal segments unequal, separated from the first by an

arcuate or angulate suture.
o. Antennae scaly or coarsely pubescent; body beneath densely

scaly,
p. Claws connate.

q. Scrobes curved downward and directed toward the con-
striction between the head and the beak.

SCIAPHILUS, p. 132.
qq. Scrobes directed toward or just beneath the eyes.

STROPHOSOMA, p. 132.
pp. Claws free.

r. Side pieces of mesosternum very unequal, the epister-
num larger and attaining the elytral margin.

EPICURUS, p. 99.

rr. Side pieces of mesosternum diagonally divided and equal
or very nearly so, the episternum distant from ely-
tral margin.

s. Tenth elytral stria entire. PAXTOMORUS, p. 124.

ss. Tenth elytral stria confluent with the ninth.

ARTIPUS, p. 123.

*Not confirmed by our observation.

KEY TO GENERA OF OTIORHYNCHIN^B. 137

oo. Antennae shining, sparsely hairy; body beneath nearly naked.

t. Claws free. BARYNOTUS, p. 101.

tt. Claws connate. BARYPEITHES, p. 132.

//. Scrobes variable, never at the same time linear and directed beneath.

( BRACH YBHINIX^E, Pierce ) .

u. Elytra scarcely surpassing width of thorax at base, humeral an-
gles rounded.
v. Tarsal claws free.

w. Corbels of posterior tibiae cavernous. AGRAPHUS, p. 109.

ww. Corbels of posterior tibiae open.

x. Antennae more or less long and slender; outer joints of fun-

icle long.
•y. Hind tibiae with two short fixed spurs.

OTIORHYNCHUS, p. 110.

yy. Hind tibiae without terminal spur. NEOPTOCHUS, p. 112.
xx. Antennae at least moderately robust, outer joints of funicle

short or rnoniliform.

z. Metathoracic side pieces entirely concealed; eyes with
distinct orbital groove.

1. Scrobes superior, very short and deep, not reaching the

eyes; anterior and middle tibiae feebly mucronate.

CERCOPEUS, p. 113.

2. Scrobes lateral, long, passing directly backward and in-

closing the eyes; tibiae strongly mucronate.

CH.ETECHUS, p. 113.

zz. Metathoracic side pieces visible, suture at least moderately
distinct; scrobes lateral, deep, moderately arcuate and
passing directly backward to the eye.

TRACK YPHLCE as, p. 114.
vv. Tarsal claws connate.

3. Side pieces of mesosternum very unequal. GEODERCES, p. 115.
.}. Side pieces diagonally divided and nearly equal; elytral oval,
humeri rounded. APHRASTUS, p. 126.

uu. Elytra wider than thorax at base.

5. Claws free. BRACHYSTYLUS, p. 122.

6. Claws connate. PIIYLLOBIUS, p. 129.

Subfamily X. CURCULIONIN/E.

To this subfamily belong the great majority of all our Curcu-
lionidse. From the nine subfamilies which precede they are sep-
arated mainly by the negative quality of not possessing the pecu-
liar characters of each as set forth in the key, p. 47. The large
number of species and consequently the great variations in the
principal structures used in classification, have made very diffi-
cult the preparation of a table which will represent in lineal ar-
rangement the proper relationships of the tribes composing the
subfamily. In the key which follows we have first excluded ( a >
the species with beak curled under the head and thorax (Tribes

138 SUBFAMILY x. — CURCULIONIX;E.

XTX. — XX I ) ; ( I) ) those with the humeri cut off by the protruding
side pieces (XVII. — XVIII. ); and (c) the cylindrical Lixus-
like- forms in which the first ventral segment is in part visible
from above (XV. — XVI.) We have then placed first the short,
broad-beaked species (Tribes I. — II.), similar in appearance to
the Otiorhynchime and like them living near or on the earth.
These are followed by the tribes with unequal ventral segments
that live for the most part on primitive coniferous trees (IV.—
V.) or on clover or subaquatic vegetation (III. & VII.). Xext
come the great mass of small species with ventral segments nearly
equal and with toothed claws (VIII. — XIV.), including a few
Mnall tribes exhibiting special adaptations. Finally, the tribes
first excluded are brought in to close the series with the nearest
approach to Thecesterninse and Calandrimp. The Hormopini
(known by one rare species only) and the Steruechini remain
doubtful as to position until more material has accumulated.
Many of the tribes have been subdivided by European authors, as
will be noted in the pages that follow, and their papers should be
consulted by the student in connection with the key here given, in
which only the principal characters are used.

KEY TO TRIBES OF CURCULIOXIX.E.

a. Beak free, not received in the breast in repose (except partially in

the genera Orchestes and Bagous.).

b. Humeri not truncated by protruding side pieces of mesothorax.
c. Lateral angles of first ventral segment covered by elytra.

el. Beak short, broad; claws simple; ventral segments nearly
equal; gular peduncle short, broad; mentum large, quadrate.

Tribe I. SITONINI, p. 140.
eld. Beak usually at least as long as thorax; gular peduncle usually

long.
e. Ventral segments unequal, third and fourth united not or

scarcely longer than second or fifth.

/. Gular margin prominent, peduncle and mentum retracted;

beak only as long as thorax, rather stout; elytra oval,

humeri wanting. Tribe II. ALOPIIINI, p. 144.

//. Gular margin not prominent, peduncle usually long; front

coxae contiguous (slightly separated in Pissodini).
g. Tarsal claws simple; ventral sutures not angulated.
7). Eyes not contiguous beneath.

i. Mandibles usually emarginate and two-toothed at tip.

Tribe III. HYPERINI, p. 145.
ii. Mandibles bi-emarginate, three-toothed at tip.

/. Tibia? with corbels, and with a long curved claw at
apex, which is oblique, dilated and ciliate; length
4 or more mm.

KEY TO TRIBES OF CURCUMOMNMC. 139

k. Antennae inserted entirely on the sides of the
more slender cylindrical beak, their insertion
concealed from above; front coxae slightly sepa-
rated. Tribe IV. PISSODINI, p. 178.
7x~A\ Antenna? inserted toward sides of the thicker,
more powerful beak, their insertion visible from
above; front coxa? contiguous.

Tribe V. HYLOBIINI, p. 183.

jj. Tibiae without corbels, truncate at tip; length
usually less than 4 mm., never over 7 mm.

Tribe VII. EBIRHIXIXI, p. 189.

7)7;. Eyes large, transverse, widely separated above, con-
tiguous beneath. Tribe VI. HORMOPINI, p. 188.
gg. Tarsal claws toothed; ventral segments less unequal, the
sutures strongly angulated at sides, the points of the
second segment reaching the fourth in some genera.
(Fig. 22, (I.) Tribe VIII. TYCHIIXI, p. 238.
ee. Ventral segments nearly equal, though the first may be longer

than the others; claws more or less toothed.
L Thorax pedunculate (with a definite neck), i. e., strongly
narrowed at base; ant-like in appearance.

Tribe IX. OTIDOCEPHALIXI, p. 247.
77. Thorax not pedunculate.

m. Hind angles of thorax acute or produced; outline cunei-
form or broader behind. Tribe X. MAGDALINI, p. 253.
mm. Hind angles of thorax obtuse.

n. Mandibular motion vertical; beak often very long and

thin (nut-and acorn-weevils). Tribe XI. BALANINI, p. 261.

nn. Mandibular motion horizontal; claws cleft, toothed or

appendiculate.

o. Ventral sutures straight; size small, seldom over 4
mm. in length. Tribe XII. ANTHONOMINI, p. 273.
oo. Ventral sutures angulate at sides.

p. Funicle 6- or 7-jointed; pygidium covered.

Tribe XIII. PRIOXOMERIXI, p. 322.
pp. Funicle 5-jointed; pygidium usually exposed.

Tribe XIV. MECINIXI, p. 325.
cc. Lateral angles of first ventral segments uncovered.

q. Form elongate, subcylindrical; elytra without acute post-
humeral angle; length 6 or more mm. Tribe XV. CLEOXIXI, p. 328.
qij. Form shorter, broad; elytra with acute post-humeral angle;
length less than 5 mm. Tribe XVI. STERXECHIXI, p. 344.

67>. Humeri truncated by side pieces of mesothorax, which are visible
from above, protruding as rounded knobs between thorax and elytra.
/-. Ventral sutures wholly straight; beak shorter than head; (elytra
in our single species largely red.)

Tribe XVII. L.EMOSACCIXI, p. 345.
rr. Ventral sutures more or less curved; beak longer than head.

Tribe XVIII. BARINI, p. 346.
aa. Beak received in or upon the breast in repose; upper surface often

very uneven.
s. Eyes not covered by postocular lobes in repose, very large and ap-

140 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.E.

proximate in front; abdomen usually sloping upward.

Tribe XIX. ZYGOPINI, p. 417.
ss. Byes in repose more or less covered by ocular lobes.

t. Pygidium exposed; body broad; thorax usually with acute tuber-
cles. Tribe XX. CKUTORHYNCHIXI, p. 424.
it. Pygidium covered; body oval; elytra and thorax often tuberculate.

Tribe XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI, p. 464.

Tribe I. SITONINI.

This tribe is represented in the United States by a single
genus, the species of which approach closely in general appear-
ance certain of the Otiorhynchids,* but are wholly without a man-
dibular scar. They have the mandibles short, very stout, the
outer side convex, roughly punctured, broadly notched at tip, the
inner edge acute; beak short, broad, flat, emarginate at tip; an-
tennal grooves deep, short, curving abruptly downwards just be-
hind the autennse ; scape reaching middle of eyes, funicle 7-jointed,
joints 1 and 2 short, thick, 3 — 7 shorter, subequal, club elongate,
ringed, wholly sensitive; eyes small, rounded; inner wings
present; front coxse contiguous, prominent, hind ones widely sep-
arated, reaching the side margin ; claws slender, divergent, ap-
pendiculate. Many of the species are, in the larval stage, very
injurious to clover, peas and other legumes.

For literature treating of the North American species see:

Alia rd, E.—in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1864, 329.

Casey, T. L.—in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1888, 280.

Wildennutli, T. L.— 1910, 29—38.

I. SITONA Germ., 1824. (Gr., "grain merchant.")

About 25 nominal species have been described from the United
States, most of them by Casey from California. Of these four,
common to both this country and Europe, occur in the Eastern
States.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SITOXA.

a. Setae of elytral Intervals very distinct.
b. Scales of upper surface dark gray and cupreous; setae long, erect.

178. IIISPIDULA.
bb. Scales grayish-yellow and pale brown; setae short, recurved.

179. DISCOIDEA.
aa. Setae wholly wanting or very minute.

c. Color nearly uniform brown; vestiture fine, hair-like, setae wholly

wanting; length 4.5 — 5.5 mm. 180. FLAVESCENS.

cc. Color steel-gray, elytra usually with paler stripes; vestiture of scales,

setae minute; length 3 — 4.5 mm. 181. TIBIALIS.

*The Sitonini were included by Lacordaire among his "Naupactides," most
of which are now included in Otiorhynchinie. They are treated by Reitter (igu)
as a tribe of Brachyderinre, nearly equivalent to Otiorhynchinae; but in the Biologia
Champion has followed LeConte and Horn, and Bedel in placing them first among the
tribes of Curculioninx, has, as we believe, given them their proper position.

TRIBE 1. SITONINI.

141

Flg w?ldXr th

178 (S34C). SITONA HISPIDULA Fab., 1776, 226.

Oblong, convex. Piceous-black, shining; above rather densely clothed
with minute oval, cupreous and grayish scales, those
on thorax arranged to form a narrow median and
two broader lateral stripes; antenna?, tibiae and tarsi
reddish; club and femora piceous. Head and beak
about as long as thorax, deeply and rather coarsely
punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide at middle
as long, apex and base truncate, sides feebly rounded;
disc coarsely, sparsely and deeply punctate. Elytra
one-half wider at base and twice as long as thorax;
disc feebly striate, striae punctate; intervals slightly
convex, each with a single row of stout, inclined,
grayish setae. Under surface sparsely clothed with
fine prostrate hairs. Length 3 — 5 mm. (Fig. 53.)

Lake, Starke, Marion, Wayne, Hamilton and Posey counties,
Ind. ; probably throughout the State; April 13
—Sept. 1. Not rare near New York City,
crawling on suburban sidewalks late in fall ;
hibernating at South Orange, N. J., January-
February. Ranges from Ottawa, Canada, and
New England to Nebraska south to District of
Columbia and Missouri. First noted in this
country by LeConte at Long P>rauch, N. Y., in
1870, from about the roots of grass growing
on sand dunes, it has spread westward to the
Mississippi or beyond and has also been re-
corded from Pullman, Washington. Known
as the ''clover root curculio,'" the eggs being
deposited on the under side of the leaves and (After wiidermuth.)
the larva1 feeding upon the roots of the red and white clovers,
alfalfa and blue-grass. The younger larvae feed upon the smaller,
more tender roots while the more mature ones
often eat large cavities and grooves along the
larger roots. The adults feed on the leaves, eat-
ing out irregular patches along the margins.
From 3S to 43 days are required from the egg
to the imago stage, the larval period varying
from 17 to 21 days. The hibernating females
deposit their eggs early in spring, the first
beetles from these eggs appearing in May and
June. Two broods probably occur each season.
A rotation of crops is one of the best remedies

Fig. 54. Larva of
Sitona hispid iila X 10.

Fig. 55. Pupa of
Sitona liispidnla X
8, showig form of
beak. (After Wii-
dermuth.)

for getting rid of the beetle where it is very destructive.

142

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX^E.

179 (-

-). SITOXA DISCOIDEA Gyll., Schon., 1834, 112.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous, antennae and legs reddish-brown, every-
where closely, uniformly and evenly clothed with small grayish-yellow
and pale brown scales, the grayish ones forming a broad stripe each side
and sometimes a narrow median line on thorax, the stripes extending
back onto humeri and along the second, third and fourth intervals of
elytra nearly to apex; margins and tips of elytra and under surface also
pale. Beak as long as head, the frontal groove deep, distinct. Thorax
as long or slightly longer than wide, sides feebly curved, disc deeply,
rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra but slightly wider at base
than middle of thorax, sides feebly diverging to apical third then strongly
converging to apex; disc more convex at middle than base, strife fine,
their punctures small; intervals slightly convex, each with a row of short
but distinct white inclined sets. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Watch Hill, Rhode Island, July 16. Taken in numbers by
Wirt Robinson in company with tibialis on a beach pea. A
European species, usually regarded as a variety of Ritona li \nuer-
aJis Stephens.

180 (8347). SITOXA FLAVFSCEXS Marsham, 1802, 311.

Elongate-oblong.

Fig. 56, X 10.
(After Forbes.)

Piceous-black; above densely clothed with rusty
brown and fuscous narrow, hair-like
scales, the darker ones in fresh spec-
imens forming two indistinct stripes
on head and four on thorax; under
surface more sparsely clothed -with
fine prostrate grayish hairs; anten-
nae, tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown;
club and femora darker. Beak and
head about as Jong as thorax and,
like it, finely and rather closely punc-
tate. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide
as long, widest at middle, sides
feebly rounded, apex and base trun-
cate. Elytra one-third wider at base
than thorax, sides parallel to apical
fourth, thence rapidly converging;
disc very finely striate, the striae
with rows of minute punctures.
Second ventral segment about as long
as the two following united. Length
4.5—5.5 mm. (Fig. 56.)

Northern half of Indiana, frequent; not taken south of Marion
Co.; May 1 — August 20. Taken especially by sweeping low herb-
age, such as rushes and grasses along the borders of lakes and
marshes; from sidewalk in city of Indianapolis on .May 1. Loss

TRIBE I. SITOXIXI.

common than ltixj>i<lnl<i abont New York City. An introduced:
European species known as the "yellow clover curculio," which has
spread from Newfoundland and New England, west and north to
Iowa and Minnesota. LeConte, in ISKi. recorded it as abundant
near the seashore in the Atlantic states. In England it is very in-
jurious to clover. Webster first recorded it from Indiana (1886,
580) as being abundant and injurious to white and alsike clovers
on the grounds of Purdue University at Lafayette. He states
chat the beetle eats through the back of a folded clover leaf at
the midvein, thus forming a circular disk when the leaf is un-
folded. They also often eat a hemispherical portion from the
margin, and if from the same leaf, this leaves only the leaf stalk
and bases of the midveins. The larvae live on the clover-roots
and pupate in a small earthen cell. Both adults and larva:1 hiber-
nate, the latter pupating in spring, the pupal stage lasting about
20 days. The adults seem to wander about in early spring, and
Webster says that he has often seen them upon the heads of grain,
traveling along upon fences and the trunks of trees and hiding
away under rubbish.

181 (8348). SITOXA TIBIALIS Hbst, 1795, 217.

Elongate-oblong. Black, rather sparsely clothed with small oval or
rounded grayish and brown or brassy scales, the latter forming a rather
broad sutural and a marginal stripe each side of elytra; antennae and legs
reddish-brown, apical halves of femora darker. Beak and head longer
than thorax, coarsely and sparsely punctate, the frontal groove very dis-
tinct. Thorax as in flavescens, the punctures of disc rather coarse and
sparse. Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax; disc distinctly striate,
the strial punctures small; intervals moderately convex, each with a row
of very short setae. Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Lake and Kosciusko counties, Ind., scarce; May 29 — Tune
29. Taken by sweeping low herbage. Watch Hill, R. L. July
1(i. Ranges from Newfoundland to Vancouver, I>. C., Kansas
and New Mexico. LeConte states that it was probably intro-
duced from Europe in earth around roots of shrubs and trees. In
addition to the above named species (all that Ave are able to rec-
ognize in the Eastern material before ns), there are references in
literature to the following:

8. crinita Oliv., described from "America," known from the Pacific
coast and recorded, perhaps through erroneous identification, by Smith
from New Jersey.

8. lineellus Bonsd. (1785, 30), of wnich scissifrons Say and indifferens
Say (1831, 10) are treated by Allard (1864) as varieties. It was de-

144 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.E.

scribed from "Amer. Bor.," and cited as a Canadian species by Couper and
other authors of a generation ago. LeConte referred to this species Kan-
sas specimens with erect elytral setae; possibly, therefore, the eastern
records were based on the species now called hispidula.

Tribe II. ALOPHINI.

To this tribe belong a small group of genera having the man-
dibles flat and punctured on the outer side, pincer-shaped, their
tips emarginate; beak rather stout, as long as thorax, expanded
each side at tip and usually with a median groove along its upper
surface; scape long, fuuicle 7 -jointed, club oval, pointed, annu-
lated ; eyes transverse, narrowed below, finely granulated ; thorax
usually with distinct postocular lobes; elytra oval, convex, with-
out humeral angles, strongly deflexed behind the middle; front
coxa3 contiguous, prominent; first, second and fifth ventral seg-
ments long, third and fourth united, equal to or longer than
either first or second ; tarsi dilated, claws simple. Two of the
six genera comprising the tribe are represented in our territory.

KKY TO EASTERN GENERA OF ALOPHINI.

a. Beak finely channelled; upper surface of body clothed with hairs, not
at all scaly; tarsi brush-like beneath. I. TRICHALOPHUS.

aa. Beak not channelled or carinate above; body covered with scales in-
termixed with bristles on the elytra. II. LEPIDOPHORUS.

I. TRICHALOPHUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "hairy"-f "without crests.")

Bather large, oblong-oval species having the beak \vith a single
groove above and on each side; second joint of funicle slightly
longer than first; head and thorax densely punctured; elytral
striae almost obsolete. One of the six known species occurs with
us, the other five occurring in the Northwestern United States
and Canada.

182 (8355). TRICHAXOPHUS ALTERNATUS Say, 1831, 10; ibid. I, 271.

Oblong-oval. Piceous black, rather thickly clothed with prostrate
brown and white hairs, the latter forming a faint line each side of thorax
and numerous small spots alternating with brown ones on elytra, the
most prominent of which is near the apex of each elytron. Beak almost
straight, rugosely punctate, clothed with small, hair-like fuscous scales.
Thorax slightly wider than long, feebly impressed near apex, disc coarsely
and closely punctate, obsoletely carinate on median third. Elytral inter-
vals Wide, flat, densely and finely punctured. Length 9 — 11 mm.

Known from Ontario. Canada, Lake Superior and the North-
west.

TIM HE II. A LOP II I XI.

II. LEPIIXU-IIOUUS Kirby, 1837. ( Gr., "bearing" -(- "scales.")

Small oblong-oval species having the beak shorter than
thorax, stout. snbcylindrical, straight: antennal grooves broad,
short, directed toward the eyes, scape nearly as long as the re-
mainder of the antenna1, reaching across the eye, first joint of
funicle as long us the next two united, 3 — 7 equal in length, club
oval, pointed; thorax without postocular lobes; scutellnm very
small or invisible; femora clavate. unarmed. One of the two
known species occurs with us.

183 (- -). LEPIDOPHORVS SETIGKR Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII,
1895, 347.

Piceous, antennas and legs reddish-brown; above rather
densely clothed with small, round, brownish and
scattered white scales, the latter easily abraded,
forming three faint stripes on thorax and feeble
niottlings on elytra; under surface less densely
scaly. Beak dilated towards tip, a little flat-
tened above, densely scaly. Thorax slightly wider
than long, convex, feebly narrowed in front, not
constricted at apex, except at sides, densely, rather
coarsely punctured, each puncture bearing a
small round scale. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, subinflated, finely striate, with close,
minute punctures in the bottom; intervals wide,

A'

flat, seemingly impunctate, each with a row of
Fig. S7 X ii.
"(Original.) stout yellow inclined setae extending from base

to apex. Male with hind part of metasternum and first and second ventral
segments jointly concave; third and fourth ventral segments united one-
half longer than either of the preceding and equal to fifth. Length 3 — 3.5
mm. (Fig. 57.)

Deer Park, Maryland, April 7. St. Vincent, Pa., Virginia and
New York. The pale stripes of thorax and niottlings of elytra
are only visible in well preserved specimens. Differs from line-
aticoUis Kirby in its smaller size, the latter also having a "longer
beak, a different form of thorax, larger scales, and the elytral
seta? visible only on the declivity." (Hamilton.)

Tribe III. HYPERINI.

Species of medium or rather large size having the body more
or less oval ; mandibles broad, stout, more or less pincer -shaped,
emarginate at tip (except in Hijpcra) ; antenna? inserted on the
sides near tip of beak, elbowed, scape long, funicle 7-joiuted, the
first two joints longer than the others, club elongate-oval
pointed; beak usually rather long, its antennal grooves reaching
nearly to tip, deep, directed toward the lower part of eye ; scutel-

146 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.E.

luni very small; pygidium not exposed; front and middle coxa?
round, the latter narrowly separated ; hind tibire truncate at tip,
the articular surface terminal or oblique; claws simple, usually
separate. The first two of our genera have been recently mono-
graphed by

Titus. E. G. — "The Genera Hypera and Phytonomus in Amer-
ica north of Mexico," in Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., IV, 1911,
383—473.

KEY TO GEXERA OF HYPERIXI.

a. Ventral segments not very unequal; post-ocular lobes of thorax ab-
sent ; eyes separated by not more than their own diameters.
&. Articular surface of hind tibiae, terminal, well defined; smaller, not

over 8.5 mm.

c. Beak shorter than thorax; mandibles never emarginate; thorax
much narrower than elytra, the latter strongly convex.

I. HYPEKA.

cc. Beak longer than thorax; mandibles emarginate; thorax not more

than one-third narrower than elytra, the latter more elongate,

much less convex. II. PHYTOXOMT'S.

1)1). Articular surface of hind tibiae oblique, ill defined; size large, 9 or

mere mm. III. LEPYRUS.

aa. Ventral segments very unequal, the third and fourth short, united

equal to one of the others.

d. Second joint of funicle much longer than first; tibia? strongly
mucronate; larger, usually more than 5 mm. in length.

IV. LISTKONOTUS.

M. Second joint of funicle as long as or but little longer than first;
tibia? feebly mucronate; smaller, seldom over 4.5 mm. in length.

V. HYPERODES.

I. HYPERA Germ., 1821. (Gr., "a cord.")
To this genus there is known from our fauna only the single
introduced European species :

184 (8427). HYPERA PUXCTATA Fab., 1775, 150.

Oval, robust. Piceous black, everywhere finely and densely punctate;
thickly clothed with gray scales having a metallic lustre (var. opimus
Lee.) or with brown, yellow-brown or blackish-brown scales which are
short, broad and emarginate at tips, also with numerous short suberect
bristles; edge of elytra yellow-brown or at least paler then the disc. Beak
two-thirds the length of thorax, its under surface, sides and tip above,
polished. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides rounded at middle, then
feebly converging to base. Elytra one-fourth longer than broad, sides paral-
lel for three-fourths their length, thence broadly rounded to tips; striae
finely punctate, the sutural and each alternate interval wider and slightly
more elevated than the others. First ventral segment of male impressed
and emarginate behind. Length 5 — 8.5 mm. (Fig. 58.)

TRIBE III. IIYPEKIXI.

147

Common throughout Indiana; more so in the northern coun-
ties; April 23— October
22. Taken from beneath
rubbish, especially
along the mud flats and
borders of lakes ; on
sidewalks in Indianap-
olis, June 1 and October
1 . I >escribed from
Sweden and common
over Europe and north-
ern Asia; introduced
into the United States
about 1850 and now es-
tablished from New-
foundland to North
( 'arolina west to Iowa
^^^^ and Texas; also in a

Fig. 58, V 7- (Aftei- Forbes.) ,. -r,

few places on the Pa-
cific Coast. Known as the "clover-leaf beetle,'' since both larva?
and adults feed upon the tender stems and young leaves of all
kinds of clover and alfalfa. The eggs are laid in the fall in old
clover stems or in dead leaves and debris at the base of the plant.
The majority of eggs hatch in autumn, but some winter over and
hatch early in the spring. The larvc^ hibernate in the stems and
among the old leaves, and on warm winter and spring days they
come forth and feed on the young leaves. When full grown they
form cocoons, the pupal period lasting from 10 to 20 days. But one
brood occurs each season, the adults emerging from May to mid-
July. After mating most of the adults die, but a few doubtless
hibernate. In dry seasons the damage to the clover crop from
the weevil may be serious, but in wet ones it is held in check by
a parasitic fungus, Entomophthora sphcerosperma Fres., which
attacks not only the larva? of H. punct<tt<i but those of many other
insects. (Folsoni, 190!).)

II. PHYTONOMUS Schonh., 1826. (Or., "plant" 4- "preying.")

Body never stout, broad and thick as in Hi/pera; intercoxal
process somewhat narrowed at tip; stem of male genitalia much
longer than wide. Other characters as in key. The larvae feed
mainly upon legumes or species of dock (Runic./-). Seven of the
13 species known from North America occur in the Eastern
States.

148 SUBFAMILY X. CUKCULIOXIX.E.

KEY TO THE EASTERN SPECIES OF PHYTOXOMTS.

a. Scales not at all cleft or emarginate.

b. Body not elongate or flattened; sides of elytra never parallel; scales

truncate, concave, widest at middle, striate. 185. EXIMIUS.

6b. Body elongate, flattened; sides of elytra parallel; thorax not pol-
ished, punctures shallow, indistinct, glabrous, more or less con-
fluent; scales parallel-sided or narrowed at tip, thick, indistinctly
striate; no hairs on dorsum. 186. COMPTUS.

aa. Scales either emarginate or deeply cleft.

c. Emargination of scales not reaching the middle.

d. Thorax as wide as long; punctures of elytral stria? with minute

setae; hairs on thorax thick at base, abruptly narrowed to a
point near tip. 187. TRIVITTATUS.

dd. Thorax longer than wide; setae in elytral stria? short, thick and
white; liairs on thorax thick, their sides parallel, tip notched.

188. MARITIMUS.
cc. Scales cleft nearly or quite to base.

e. Thorax distinctly wider than long, its sides strongly rounded.

/'. Elytral scales reddish or greenish-gray, more or less tessellated
with dark brown; thorax one-half wider than long.

189. MELES.

ff. Elytra with ash-gray scales and three abbreviated blackish lines;

thorax but slightly wider than long. 190. POLYGON:.

ee. Thorax not wider than long; species rather narrow, elongate; pub

escence of long, fine, green or greenish hairs without inter

mixed scales. 191. XIGRIROSTRIS.

185 (8431). PHYTOXOMUS EXIMIUS Lee., 1876, 414.

Oblong-oval. Black; above densely clothed with golden yellow, rust
red, brownish black or black scales, the black ones forming small scattered
quadrate spots on the elytra; antennae and legs black. Beak slightly shorter
than thorax, densely and finely punctured. Antenna? long, the scape
reaching the eye; first funicular joint large, conical, as long as the next
three. Thorax as long as wide, narrowed in front, sides rounded at middle;
scales of disc a,nd sides quadrate, striate. Elytra at base one-third wider
than middle of thorax, widest behind the middle, punctures of stria? without
hairs; intervals flat without seta?. Under surface clothed with pale
scales. Length 4.8 — 5.5 mm.

Known from northern Illinois to Manitoba, Colorado and
Texas. Popenoe states (1877, 38) that the types were bred from
pupa1! in cocoons found on the leaves of the great water dock,
KiniH'.r hrittaiiica L., at Topeka, Kansas. Knaus found the adults
mating on Runic.e on April 23. Young larva? were then present
and feeding on the leaves.

186 (8430). PiiYTo.\o.\irs COMPTUS Say, 1831, 12; ibid, I, 274.

Elongate, flattened. Color variable, reddish-brown or rust-red to black,
rather closely covered with small rounded brassy scales; tip of beak,

TRIBE III. IIYPERIXI. 149

antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak about as long as thorax, female,
shorter, male, finely and closely punctate. Scape of antennae as long
as funicle, not reaching the eye, first joint of funicle one-third longer than
second, which is slightly longer than third. Thorax as long as wide, sides
rounded, disc finely and densely punctate, each puncture closed by a scale.
Elytra elongate-oval, sides parallel for four-fifths their length; striae dis-
tinct, finely punctured; intervals flat, without seta?. Under surface cover-
ed with paler scales. Length 3.3 — 5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana, more so in the western half;
April 23 — July 8. Mating on the water persiearia, Poll/you inn
ampliibiuiii L., June 7; taken also from Jersey tea and other
plants, usually near moist places. Ranges from Quebec and New
England to the Rocky Mountains, south to Texas. Known also
from Oregon and Washington. Probably feeds on a number of
species of Polygonum, the cocoons being formed on the upper side
of the leaves, the edges of which are bent over it to aid in con-
cealment.

187 (8429). PHYTO>roMtTs TRIVITTATUS Say, 1831, 12; ibid, I, 273.

Elongate-oval. Black or dark reddish-brown, usually densely clothed
with yellowish-brown scales and long pale hairs, the scales arranged to
form a pale median line on thorax and a broader stripe on each side, the
latter extending back onto the humerus and often along the third interval
to beyond middle; elytra with the alternate intervals, especially those on
the sides, tessellated with dark brown and also with a large dark humeral
spot; antennae reddish-brown; legs darker. Head densely pubescent, the
long hairs extending down the beak, which is marked with a smooth
carina and a long narrow stria above the antennal groove. Thorax strongly
rounded on the sides; disc rather coarsely, sparsely and deeply punctate.
Elytra about four times longer than thorax; striae very distinct, each
puncture bearing a short hair; intervals with longer recurved white hairs.
Length 3.8—6.5 mm.

Osborn, Lake County, Tnd., June 21. Ranges from northern
Indiana west and southwest to Vancouver, B. C., Kansas and New
Mexico. Palos Park, Chicago, specimens were bred from larvae
collected on the ground pea, LatJii/nis ccnosus Muhl., emerging
as adults on June 28. P. sctigcn<x Lee. is a synonym.

188 (- -). PHYTOXOMVS MARITIMUS Titus, 1911,432.

Elongate-oblong. Reddish-black, clothed with pale yellow scales and
white and black hairs, the scales arranged to form stripes and dark spots
on thorax and elytra, much as in trivittatiis. Thorax narrower in front
than behind, widest at middle; sides strongly rounded, disc coarsely, often
confluently punctured. Elytra at base but slightly wider than thorax;
the declivity very prominent and extending quite to the tip. Length 5 — 6.5
mm.

150

SUBFAMILi X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

Known only from Chatham, and Nantucket and Martha's
Vineyard Islands, Massachusetts. Taken in June and July on
the common vetch, Ticifi sativa L.

189 (- -). PHYTO.NOMUS MELES Fab., 1792, 466.

Elongate-oval. Black or reddish-black, the thorax sparsely covered
with metallic gray or pale brown scales, a central line and sides often
paler; elytra nearly uniform in color, clothed with reddish-gray or greenish-
gray scales but sometimes tessellated with white and brown; antennae and
legs reddish-yellow or darker. Beak slender, cylindrical, longer than thorax
in female, carinate above, striate on the sides. Scape reaching eye, first fun-
icular joint twice as long as second, 4 — 7 wider than long. Thorax widest
at middle, disc almost flat, rather densely punctate. Elytra at base scarce-
ly wider than middle of thorax, nearly rectangular; stria? fine, punctate;
intervals feebly convex, bearing numerous short, scattered, recurved hairs.
Third ventral segment of male with a median shallow impression. Length
3.5 — 5 mm.

West Point, N. Y., April 19 — 23. Occurs all over Europe ex-
cepting Spain ; also in parts of Asia and along the north coast
of Africa. In America it is known from Canada, New England,
New York and New Jersey. Occurs from May to July on clover.
The cocoon is ovoid, of an amber color and remarkable for its re-
ticulations. The P. castor of Smith's New Jersey list is this
species.

190 (- -). PHYTONOMUS POLYGOXI Fab., 1801, 520.

Form and size of meles. Pubescence of pale brownish and grayish
scales which are cleft almost to base, the gray ones forming a distinct
median and lateral stripes on thorax and covering portions of the alter-
nate intervals of elytra; suture from basal third to apex and basal portions
of third intervals fuscous black. Thorax narrower at middle than in
meles, the sides less rounded. Elytral intervals more convex. Length 5.2
mm.

Two specimens in LeConte collection labeled "Southern Illi-
nois.1' A European species which is liable to occur anywhere in
the Eastern United States.

191 (8434). PiiYTo.vo.Mrs .\I(;I«KOSTRIS Fab., 1775, 132.

Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown to black, thickly clothed with greenish,

rarely yellowish scale-like
hairs; head black; thorax
often with a narrow median
pale line; antenna? and legs
reddish-brown. Beak as long
as thorax, male, longer, fe-
male; curved, cylindrical, pol-
ished, with a median dorsal
carina its full length. Scape
Fig. 59, X 14- (After Webster.) reaching almost to middle of

TRIBE III. HYPERIM. 151

eye, first joint of funicle not twice as long as second, 3 — 7 regularly short-
er and broader. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded in
front of middle, disc coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra elongate-oval,
humeri rounded, sides nearly parallel; striae very fine, distinctly punctate,
intervals each with a row of short, stiff, whitish inclined hairs. Abdomen
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm. (Pig. 59.)

Vigo County, Indiana, rare; June 11. The pubescence of the
upper surface is quite variable in hue, ranging through various
shades of green to yellowish or even gray brown. Known as the
"lesser clover-leaf weevil." Occurs all over Europe, Egypt and
part of Asia. Found in the United States prior to 1873 and has
since spread from Canada to Virginia and west to Minnesota.
Feeds on all varieties of clover and alfalfa, the larvae eating into
the base of the heads and feeding on the tender leaves. They are
attacked in wet season by the same fungus as preys upon Hi/pcra
punctata, which will probably hold them in check. A spring
flight of adults has been recorded in April in Delaware.

III. LEPYRUS Germ., 1815. (Or., "husk of a nut")

Species of medium or large size having the beak more than
twice the length of head, deflexed, subcylindrical, distinctly en-
larged towards tip; antennae short, rather slender, joints 1 and 2
of funicle, rather long, obconical, 3 — -1 shorter, top-shaped;
thorax short, subconical, much narrowed in front, sides but little
rounded, base and apex truncate; scutellum small, triangular;
elytra oblong-ovate, above moderately convex, narrowed toward
the tips; tibiae all armed on the inner side near the apex. They
occur mainly in the colder parts of the world and are found on
plants or the ground. Nine species are recognized as inhabiting
North America, three of which are known from the Eastern
States. For literature pertaining to the genus see

Casey, T. L.— Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1805, 8'2'2.

Hamilton, John.—"Lcpyru8" in Can. Ent, XXVIII, 181M5.
122, 184.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF LEPYR! S.

«. Inner wings present; elytra each with a small median pale spot.
6. Thorax conical; femora armed on inner side with a small tooth;
elytral intervals equal. 192. PALUSTRIS.

&&. Thorax much wider at middle than at base; femora unarmed; alter-
nate intervals of elytra narrower and more depressed.

193. ALTERNAXS.

aa. Inner wings absent; femora unarmed; elytra without median pale
spot; intervals equal or nearly so. 194. CAPUCINUS.

l.~)2 SUBFAMILY X. CURGULIONIXJE.

192 (8438). LEPYRUS PALUSTRIS Scop., 1763, 33.

i

Elongate-oval. Black, sparsely clothed with gray and yellowish
hair-like scales; an oblique stripe on each side of thorax, a small rounded
spot near middle of fourth interval of elytra, and a row of spots each side
of abdomen of longer, denser white or yellowish scales; femora annulate
with white. Beak slightly longer than thorax, densely and finely punctate,
its dorsal carina fine but distinct throughout. Second joint of funicle
much longer than first. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, apex two-
thirds as wide as base; disc coarsely and densely rugose-punctate, the
median carina narrow but distinct. Elytra one-half longer than wide, less
than twice as wide as thorax, separately subacuminate at tip; intervals
finely and densely punctate. Length 9 — 10 mm.

Batavia, X. Y., July 22. Hamilton records it from Indiana
without definite locality. Known from Massachusetts and Can-
ada west to Wisconsin, Colorado and Manitoba, sonth to Louis-
iana. Found also in Europe and western Siberia. Occurs mainly
on willow and aspen. L. f/rin hiatus Say, recorded from Mass.,
and L. colon Linn., are probably synonyms, though Casey holds
that f/ciiiimitiix is distinct from the European species in its more
elongate form, much larger, more transverse and more strongly
carinate thorax, stouter and more distinctly cariuate beak and
much sparser vestiture. Hamilton (189G, 122) admits that such
differences do exist but asserts that ''they are merely individual
and apply equally well to the extremes of the individuals of
either continent."

193 (- -). LEPYRUS ALTERXAXS Casey, 1895, 823.

Oval, more robust than paJustris. Black, sparsely clothed with gray-
ish-white scales, more condensed along sides of thorax and elytra and
usually in a small median spot on fourth interval. Beak as long as
thorax, coarsely, closely and unevenly punctate, the median carina dis-
tinct. First and second joints of funicle equal. Thorax subconical, widest
at middle, apex two-thirds as wide as base, disc finely and densely rugose-
punctate, the median line entire. Elytra oval, their tips conjointly round-
ed, the narrow intervals depressed and more finely sculptured than the
broader ones. Length 10 — 11.3 mm.

Known only from Maine and New Hampshire — Mt. Washing-
ton and vicinity. "1'erhaps a geographical variety of the next.""
(Hamilton. I

194 (- -). LKPYIU-S CAPUCIXUS Schall., 1783, 283.

Elongate, robust. Black, sparsely clothed with gray and whitish
scales not concealing the black surface; elytra without median spot, but
with a white one on each apical protuberance. Beak longer than thorax,
sulcate on each side of carina, densely and unevenly punctate. Thorax

TRIBE III. IIYPERIXI. 153

wider than long, apex one-fourth narrower than base; disc closely covered
with granuloid tubercles which are small above, larger and rugose on the
sides; median carina fine, reaching the base. Elytra oval, one-half longer
than wide; striae deep, narrow; intervals tuberculate as thorax, tips con-
jointly rounded. Mesosternum, elevated between the coxa?. Length 9 —
11.2 mm.

A European species recorded by Hamilton as occurring1 in
Michigan.

L. gemellus Kirby, described from Alaska, having the thorax as long
as wide, coarsely granulate, strongly carinate, elytra without antemedian
pale spot, but with a line of white hairs along the strife, intervals coarsely
rugose, alternating strongly in width and feebly in convexity; length 12.5
mm., has been recorded from the Hudson Bay Region of Canada.

IV. LISTRONOTUS Jekel, 1864. (Gr.. "smooth" 4- "back.")

Medium sized, usually dirty brown species, 5 or more mm. in
length, having the ocular lobes of thorax prominent, partly con
cealing the eyes in repose; first, second and fifth ventral seg-
ments long, third and fourth very short ; legs slender, tibiae bent
inward at tip and rather strongly mucrouate. Male with first
and second ventrals more or less flattened and concave, and anal
segment often so convex as to project behind the last ventral and
become visible from beneath ; female with elytra often either sub-
acute or more or less prolonged at tip, and with fifth ventral
often impressed or otherwise modified. All the species whose
habits are known breed in semiaquatic plants and many of them
are readily attracted by light. For convenience our Eastern
species are separated into two groups as follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF LISTRONOTUS.

a. Funicle of antennae slender, third joint distinctly longer than fourth;
second joint two or three times longer than first; length 7 — 14 mm.

GROUP I.

aa. Funicle less slender, the third and following joints rounded, sub-
equal; second joint three times as long as first; subapical callus of
elytra feeble or obsolete; length usually less than 8 mm. GROUP II.

GROUP I.

This group comprises our larger species and the ones in which
the secondary sexual characters of the female are most strongly
developed, that sex being much easier to determine than the male.
For example, the males of camJatus are very similar to those of
callosits and are distinguished only by the feeble callus near the
elytral declivity, whereas the females of the two species are easily

154 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^S.

separable by the form of the elytral tips arid the different impres-
sion of the last ventral.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Subapical callus of elytra distinct, more or less prominent.
1). Tips of female elytra separately prolonged into a cylindrical process;

length 7 — 8 mm.

c. Beak nearly cylindrical, not or feebly carinate; thorax as wide as
long. 195. TUBEBOSUS.

cc. Beak distinctly carinate and feebly sulcate above; thorax one-
fourth wider than long. 196. SOBDIDUS.
l>b. Tips of female elytra separately subacuminate, not prolonged; length

8.5—11 mm.

(1. Humeri rounded, base of elytra feebly emarginate; last ventral
of female with two elevated folds near tip. 197. SQX*AMK;ER.

dd. Humeri oblique, base of elytra deeply emarginate, their sides
paler than disc; last ventral of female with large rounded me-
dian impression. 198. CALLOSUS.
aa. Subapical callus of elytra indistinct, not at all prominent.

e. Elytra obliquely declivous behind; female with vertical edge of

fifth ventral not foveate.
/. Sides of thorax feebly rounded.

g. Humeri rounded; female with elytra separately prolonged at
tip into straight tapering processes and fifth ventral with lobes
exactly as in squamiger; length 7 — 10 mm.

199. IN^EQUALIPENNIS.

gg. Humeri oblique; female with apical processes of elytra cylin-
drical, converging at tip, and fifth ventral broadly but feebly
concave; length 10 — 12 mm. 200. CATTDATUS.

ff. Sides of thorax strongly rounded; length 7.5 mm.

201. ROTVXniCOLLIS.

ee. Elytra compressed and vertical behind; female with margin of fifth
ventral bifoveate each side of median apical notch; length 14 mm.

202. AMEBICANUS.

195 (8441). LISTRONOTUS TUBEROSUS Lee., 1876, 130.

Black, densely clothed with brownish-yellow and cupreous rounded
scales, which are larger on thorax and hair-like on head; thorax with
three more or less distinct pale stripes; scutellum pale; elytral scales uni-
form in color; hind thighs with pale band. Beak stout, its carina? and
grooves very faint, frontal fovea feeble. Thorax with sides nearly parallel,
disc densely punctate. Elytra at base broadly emarginate, htimeri oblique;
posterior callus large, conical, prominent; striaB punctate, intervals wide,
nearly flat, their seta; very short. First ventral of male flattened at base,
anal segment protuberant beyond the fifth, elytra rounded at tip. Last
ventral of female feebly impressed near tip; each elytron prolonged at tip
into a long, straight but convergent process. Length 7 — 7.5 mm.

Laporte and Marion counties, Indiana, scarce ; June 9 — Sept.
ir>. Taken from the margins of ponds and along the beach of Lake

TRIBE III. HYPERINI. 155

Michigan. Ithaca, N. Y., April 8. Occurs from Quebec, New
York and Michigan to Georgia; usually on sandy and muddy
ground near water. Often taken by sweeping aquatic plants like
Sagittaria and Career. The median carina of beak is evident after
the scales are removed, and the ''scattered black dots" mentioned
by LeConte as occurring on the thorax of this and other species
are only open punctures from which the scales, which form a sort
of lid, have been lost.

196 (8440). LISTROXOTUS SORDIDUS Gyll., Schn., 1834, 280.

Form and size of tuberosus. Color darker, the gray and fuscous
scales more predominant. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly
rounded, disc densely punctate, its scales darker than those on sides. Ely-
tra as in tuberosus, the intervals feebly convex. Female with last ventral
feebly grooved near apex and elytra separately prolonged into short,
straight processes. Length 7.5 — 8 mm.

Porter and Laporte counties, Indiana, scarce ; June 10 — Sept.
15. Dorchester, Mass., April 30 — June 30. Ranges from Ontario
and New England to Lake Superior, south to Georgia and Texas.
The elytra are separately, not conjointly prolonged at tip, as
stated by LeConte, the processes being much shorter and not con-
vergent as in tiiberosus.

197 (8442). LiSTRONOxrs SQUAMIGER Say, 1831, 11; ibid, I, 271.

Elongate-oblong. Black, densely clothed with dirty gray or fuscous
scales; thorax of fresh specimens with an oblique stripe of cupreous gray
scales on the upper sides. Beak twice the length of head, its median
carina distinct, entire, the two on each side forming the sulci shorter,
feeble. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides scarcely rounded, ocular
lobes prominent, disc densely and finely punctate. Elytra subtruncate
at base, intervals each with a single row of short gray seta? which are
more prominent on the declivity; alternate intervals somewhat elevated;
subapical callus oblong, not prominent, passing imperceptibly into the
fifth interval. Last ventral of female with two strongly elevated folds
at the tip, converging toward the front, but not meeting, presenting the
appearance of a deep excavation. Length 8.5 — 9.7 mm.

Northern half of Indiana, scarce; not taken south of Marion
County; April 10 — August 15. Dorchester, Mass., June 3 — July
25. Occurs along the margins of lakes and ponds, the larvae liv-
ing in the stems of the broad-leaved arrowhead, Sac/ittaria lati
folia Willd. Ranges from Quebec and New Jersey to Illinois,
south to Georgia, Arkansas and Louisiana.

198 (8443). LISTRONOTUS CALLOSUS Lee., 1876, 130.

Black, densely clothed with dirty brownish-yellow and grayish scales,

150 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

the latter forming a broad pale stripe along the sides of the thorax and
elytra, and a narrow median dorsal line on the former. Beak as long as
thorax, distinctly carinate above and sulcate on the sides. Thorax slightly-
longer than wide, broadly rounded on the sides, gradually narrowed in
front of middle. Elytra strongly emarginate at base; striae coarsely punc-
tured; intervals wide, somewhat convex; subapical callus as in sguamiger.
First and second ventrals of female with a broad shallow impression, the
last ventral with a deep, round excavation extending from base to tip.
Last ventral of male not impressed, the anal segment very slightly visible
behind it. Length 9 — 10.5 mm.

Not vet recognized from Indiana, LeConte gives its range as
New York to Georgia. Known also from Ontario, District of
Columbia, New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois and Louisiana.

199 (8444). LISTBONOTUS IN.EQUALIPENNIS Boh., Schn., 1842, 189.

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Black, densely clothed with fuscous
scales; thorax with a stripe of gray scales each side. Beak as long as
head and thorax, feebly carinate. Thorax as wide as long, sides almost
straight; disc densely and finely punctate. Elytra subdepressed, finely
striate, the striae with small distant punctures; alternate intervals more
elevated and connected by a few remote, coarse, transverse wrinkles; sub-
apical callus almost obsolete. Male with first and second ventrals broadly
concave at middle, anal segment convex and protruding behind the last
ventral, elytra conjointly rounded. Female with tips of elytra separately
prolonged, the processes short, straight, tapering. Length 7 — 10 mm.

Lake, Laporte and Marion counties, Indiana, scarce ; May 23—
July 29. Taken on mud flats. Walliugford, Conn., July 14. Le-
Conte records it from ''Middle and Southern States." Known
from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin, New Jersey and
District of Columbia.

200 (8445). LISTROXOTUS CAUDATCS Say, 1823, 311: ibid, II. 174.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, densely clothed with brownish-yellow
scales; head, beak, sides of thorax and some scattered spots along the
sides of elytra, paler; antennae reddish-brown. Beak longer than thorax,
finely carinate above, the sulci on sides semi-obsolete. Thorax wider
than long, sides subparallel, feebly curving near apex; disc finely and
densely punctate. Elytra strongly emarginate at base, sides parallel,
suddenly strongly narrowed one-fourth from apex; disc subdepressed,
striae fine, minutely punctate; intervals flat and usually without transverse
wrinkles, each with a row of minute setae. Male with anal segment
slightly visible; elytra conjointly rounded at tip. Female with elytral
processes cylindric, incurved at tip, not or slightly tapering. Length
10 — 12 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 25 — October 12; mating
June 20. Dorchester and West Eoxbury, Mass., April 18 — Aug.
IT. Ranges from Canada, New England and District of Colum-

TRIBE III. HYPERIXI.

bia, west to Iowa and Missouri. Keoorded as occurring on the
mild smartweed, Poli/f/oiiiini hydropiperoides Michx., and also on
arrow-head. The oblique humeri, deeper emarginate base and
more robust form separates this from the preceding.

201 (8447). LISTROXOTUS ROTUXDICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 132.

Blackish, covered with dirty brown scales, those of sides of thorax
paler. Beak feehly carinate, lateral grooves almost obsolete, frontal fovea
distinct. Thorax as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, disc densely
and coarsely punctured. Elytra with deep punctured strife; intervals con-
vex, their setse rather conspicuous. Last ventral of female with a large
shallow rounded impression, the elytra conjointly rounded at tip. Length
7.5 mm.

The above is LeConte's description of the type female from
Georgia. Another is in the Horn collection from Louisiana. Not
recorded elsewhere.

202 (8446) LISTROXOTUS AMERICANS Lee., 1876, 131.

Blackish, covered with round, dirty brown scales, which are larger
on thorax, less dense and hair-like upon the head and beak; thorax with
two sinuous lateral vittse and a narrow dorsal line of paler scales; sides of
elytra also pale. Beak as long as thorax, strongly carinate and sulcate.
Thorax scarcely as long as wide, rounded on the sides, narrowed before
the middle, coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra strongly emarginate
at base, humeri oblique, sides parallel, compressed at the suture near tip
and vertically declivous; posterior callus distinct, not prominent. Female
with last ventral deeply concave, narrowly and deeply emarginate at tip
and with two excavations on apical edge each side of the emargination;
tips of elytra separately rounded. Length 14 mm.

Described by LeCoute from three females taken in Georgia
and without other records. The large size and the peculiar sculp-
ture of the last ventral, should make it easily recognizable. Two
of the types are at Cambridge, the other at Philadelphia.

GROUP II.

The species of this group average much smaller, some of them
being but little if any larger than the largest Hi/pcrodcs. The
secondary sexual characters are also feebly developed, the female
elytra being rarely prolonged at tips and last ventral in most
species scarcely or not at all impressed.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP II.

a. Head clothed with hair-like scales; beak slightly flattened above, usu-
ally more or less carinate and sulcate.
I). Thorax distinctly longer than wide (except in female of frontalis).

158 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

c. Scales of thorax not larger than those of elytra; tips of female

elytra not prolonged; length 6 — 9 mm.

d. Beak stout, strongly carinate and sulcate; thorax with larger
and smaller punctures intermixed. 203. SULCIROSTRIS.

(Id. Beak more slender, slightly carinate and sulcate.

e. Frontal fovea obsolete; form more elongate. 204. NEBULOSUS.
ee. Frontal fovea deep; form less elongate; disc of thorax, at
least of female, with median impression on apical third.

205. FRONTALIS.

cc. Scales of thorax distinctly larger than those of elytra; tips of fe-
male elytra separately prolonged; length 4.2 — 6.5 mm.

206. APPENDICULATUS.

l>l). Tliorax not longer than wide, deeply, coarsely and densely punc-
tured.
f. Sides of thorax broadly rounded.

g. Scales of thorax much larger than those of elytra; tips of female

elytra separately acuminate or slightly prolonged.
h. Thorax as wide as long; scales of elytra uniform yellowish;
last ventral of female not impressed; length 5.5 — 6 mm.

207. FLORIDENSIS.

hit. Thorax distinctly wider than long; scales gray or fuscous; last

ventral of female with a broad deep impression ; length 6.2—

8.5 mm. 208. PALVSTKIS.

gg. Scales of thorax not or but slightly larger than those of elytra;

tips of elytra in both sexes conjointly rounded; last ventral of

female not or feebly impressed.

i. Beak subcylindrical, feebly carinate and sulcate; frontal fovea

faint.

;'. Scales of upper surface mostly dirty brown, but more or

less varied in hue, giving the elytra a mottled appearance;

intervals feebly convex. 209. LATIUSCULTJS.

jj. Scales of entire upper surface with a reddish or coppery

tinge; elytral intervals flat. 210. RUDIPEXMS.

ii. Beak strongly carinate and sulcate; frontal fovea deep.

211. IJIPRESSIFRO^S.
ff. Sides of thorax strongly rounded; length 6.7 mm.

212. CRIBRICOLLIS.

aa. Head clothed with rounded scales; length 5 — 5.7 mm.

7c. Setae long and clavate; thorax with scales larger than those of elytra,
its sides strongly rounded, not sinuate. 213. SETOSUS.

kk. Setse of ordinary length; thorax with scales not larger than those of
elytra, its sides broadly rounded, feebly sinuate at middle.

214. DEBILIS.

203 (8449). LISTROXOTUS SULCIROSTRIS Lee., 1876, 132.

Elongate-oval. Black, rather sparsely clothed with small, rounded,
dirty-brown scales. Antennal club indistinctly annulate, its basal joint very
large. Beak stouter than usual, with the ridges and grooves prominent,
so as to appear tricarinate and quadrisulcate. Thorax with sides straight
to beyond middle, thence gently converging to apex; disc densely and

TKIBK III. HYPER1NI. 159

unequally punctate, the larger punctures well scattered. Elytra broadly
emarginate at base, humeri rounded; tips conjointly rounded in both
sexes; striae marked with coarse, distant punctures, intervals slightly con-
vex. Last ventral of female with a broad, feeble impression. Length 7.5 — 8
mm.

Ormond and St. Augustine, Florida; April 0. Recorded from
Georgia, District of Columbia and Ohio. Reported also from
Ontario.

204 (8450). LISTROXOTUS XEBCLOSUS Lee., 1876, 133.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel. Blackish, thickly clothed with mottled
brown and dark scales, those on head cupreous; thorax with a bifurcated
lateral stripe and a median dorsal line paler. Thorax with sides almost
parallel for two-thirds their length, thence more rounded to apex; discal
punctures equal, dense, deep. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax, strong-
ly emarginate at base, humeri short, oblique, or feebly rounded; striae
strongly punctured; intervals wide, flat, each with a row of minute yellow-
ish inclined setae. Length 7.8 — 9.5 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, rare; July 27. Described from Mis-
souri. Recorded from New Jersey, Iowa, Kansas and Florida;
common in Louisiana and Texas. Easily known by the parallel
form and mottled color.

205 (8451). LISTROXOTUS FRONTALIS Lee., 1876, 133.

Oblong-oval. Blackish; elytra thickly clothed with small, rounded,
dirty brown scales, those of head and thorax more or less cupreous; an-
tennas and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak slender, subcylindrical, scarcely
longer than thorax, with three fine carinse, the grooves on sides almost
obsolete. Thorax as long, female, or slightly longer, male, than wide,
sides broadly rounded, disc finely and densely puncate. Elytra one-third
wider than thorax, feebly emarginate at base, humeri rounded, sides slightly
converging for three-fourths their length, then gradually narrowing to
the conjointly rounded tips; striae coarsely punctured, intervals flat, rather
wide, each with a row of short setae. Last ventral of female with three shal-
low impressions. Length 6 — 9 mm.

Lake, Steuben and Vigo counties, Ind. ; June 10 — July 27. Fre-
quent along the beach of Lake Michigan and the borders of ponds
and ditches. Sarasota, Fla., Feb. 25. Ranges from New England
to Michigan and Iowa, south to Texas. The thorax is usually
impressed near apex and in fresh specimens has a narrow
median line and wider sinuous lateral stripes of silvery gray-
scales, the latter extending back on the humeri. The narrower
body, subtruncate base of elytra and more prominent setae, espe-
cially on the declivity, make it readily known.

KM! SriiFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

206 (8448). LISTKOXOTVS APPENDICULATUS. Boh., Schn., 1842, 192.

Elongate, slender. Piceous, densely clothed with yellowish scales,
those of thorax round, much larger and more sparse than those of elytra,
the ones on sides paler; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown; elytra each
with a curved blackish mark near middle on third interval. Beak scarcely
as long as thorax, flattened and with an indistinct median carina above.
Thorax distinctly longer than wide, ocular lobes prominent, in repose
completly hiding the eyes; sides feebly rounded, disc densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Elytra twice as long as wide, feebly emarginate at
base, sides parallel to near apex; stria? fine, their punctures small; inter-
vals flat, the setse very short, recurved; tips conjointly rounded in male;
separately produced into a short, straight process in female. Length
4.2—6.5 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, rare; July 27. Pawpaw Lake, Michi-
gan, July 19. Ranges from New York and Canada to Texas. Quite
common in winter about Xew York in sifting. Julich found it
breeding in the steins of reeds, and Webster has recorded it as
attacking cabbages in Ohio, ''gouging out great cavities from the
sterns of the young plants and later attacking the bases of the
larger leaves from beneath." This is the only record of these
snout beetles being injurious which we can find. However, since
all species of Listronotus occur only about moist places, where
they live upon semiaquatic plants, it follows naturally that when
the land is drained and their native food plants destroyed they
will attack the cultivated crops, and what has heretofore been re-
garded as a harmless insect may suddenly become a very injuri-
ous one.

207 (— — ). LISTROXOTUS FLORIDEXSIS sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong, more robust than appendiculatus. Color nearly as
there, the thorax without the lateral pale scales. Beak stouter, broadly
grooved above for its full length, the median carina obsolete except near
tip. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly rounded. Elytral striae wider,
the punctures much coarser; intervals obviously convex. Tips of female
elytra separately acuminate, not prolonged in processes as in appendicula-
tus. Length 6 — 6.2 mm. (W.S.B.)

Lake Worth, Lake Okeechobee and Duuedin, Fla., Feb. 14-
March 8. Four males, two females. The much broader thorax,
absence of median carina of beak and widely different tips of
female elytra distinguish this from appendiculatus which it other-
wise closelv resembles.

* Insect Life, VII, 206.

TRICE III. HYPERINI.

Hi]

Fig. 60. a, Adult, X 7> b, side view of head
and beak, showing postocular lobes almost con-
cealing the eye. (Original.)

208 (- -). LlSTKONOTUS PALUSTRIS Sp. HOV.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, above rather thickly clothed with

pale brown, fuscous and silvery
gray scales, the gray ones
forming a narrow stripe each
side of thorax and along the
sides to beyond the middle
of elytra, covering also the
rneso- and metasternal side
pieces and sides of ventral
segments, and forming a ring
near apex of each femur; an-
tennas, tibiae and tarsi dark
reddish-brown. Beak rather
stout, as long as thorax, dis-
tinctly tricarinate and quad-
risulcate. Thorax short, con-
vex, distinctly wider than
long, sides broadly rounded,
disc coarsely, evenly and dense-
ly punclured, each puncture
closed by a round scale, much
larger than those of elytra.
Scutellum small, rounded. Elytra but slightly wider at base than middle of
thorax, humeri oblique, sides subparallel to apical third, then strongly con-
verging to apex where they are conjointly rounded in male, but separately
prolonged in short, obtuse processes in female; stria? with very coarse punc-
tures separated by their own diameters; first, third and fifth intervals
convex, slightly elevated, the others flat; seta? very short, visible only on
the declivity. Fifth ventral of female broadly and deeply impressed.
Length 6.2— 8.5 mm. (W./s'.B.) (Fig. 60.)

Duuedin, Florida, Jan. IT — April 0 ; common beneath boards
and other cover along the margins of ponds; mating Feb. 11 and
April 1. Enterprise, Fla., May 25; LeConte collection without
name. Marion County and Enterprise, Fla., May 27 ; Horn collec-
tion, without name. Specimens sent to Dr. Chittenden were re-
turned as L. suh-irostris Lee., but careful comparison with the
type of that species shows paJnstris to differ widely in the sec-
ondary sexual characters of female, as well as in the width, vesti-
ture and punctuation of thorax.

209 (8453). LISTBOKOTUS LATIUSCULUS Boh., Schon., 1842, 199.

Oblong. Black, clothed with dirty brown, fuscous and grayish scales,
those of thorax slightly larger than on elytra and in part with a cupreous
tinge; the gray ones forming three faint stripes on thorax and some
mottlings on sides of elytra; antennas and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
slender, slightly longer than thorax, feebly tricarinate. Thorax sub-
quadrate, narrower in front, feebly impressed near apex, subdepressed and
densely punctate above. Elytra ?.t base one-half wider than thorax, feebly

SUr.FAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

emarginate, humeri rounded, scarcely prominent; sides parallel, narrowed
toward tips, striae fine, the punctures rather coarse; intervals even, each
with a row of short, pale setse. Length 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 61.)

Putnam and Franklin counties, Ind., scarce; April 11 — June
1, » A if 11. Reaver Dam, Wis., May 26. Ithaca, X. Y.,
June 25. Ormond and Dunedin, Fla., March
22 — Dec. 23. The above is a description of the
specimen bearing the label litt'utxcitlus in the
LeConte collection. Of it he said: "I refer
this name to a species which occurs in the
Middle or Southern States, and is b\ no
means rare." The type was from Pennsylvania.
Ranges from Quebec, Xew England and Michi-

Fig 61 X S-

(After Chittenden.) gaii, west and south to Colorado, Kansas and

O

Georgia. Breeds in the stalks and seed heads of the broad-leaved
arrowhead, tffiyitt<iri<i latifolhi Willd., the eggs being laid in
bunches of five to ten on the leaf stalk, and covered with bits of
epidermis chewed up by the mother beetle.* Known also as the
"parsley-stalk weevil," the larv;e boring in the roots and steins of
parsley causing the tops to turn yellow and wilt. Bisulphide of
carbon or kerosene emulsion applied about the roots will serve
as a remedy.*
210 (— -). LISTROXOTUS RUDIPEXXIS sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong. Black, above densely clothed with round reddish-
yellow scales having a more cr less pronounced coppery tinge, those of
thorax slightly larger than on elytra, distinctly concave and ocellate;
antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Beak slender, subcylindrical, as long as
head and thorax, finely carinate at middle, not sulcate, frontal fovea evi-
dent but shallow. Thorax short, as wide as long, sides feebly rounded,
disc finely and densely punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than
thorax, humeri oblique, sides parallel to apical fourth, then feebly con-
verging to the obtusely rounded apex; strias fine, their punctures small.
rather distant; intervals wide, flat, each with a row of minute white
setae, the fifth with evident callus at declivity. Un4er surface and legs
rather thickly clothed with scale-like cupreous hairs. Length 5.8 — 6.3 mm.
(W. S. B.)

Lake County, Indiana, May •'> — June II). Oregon, Illinois;
Pawpaw Lake, Mich., and St. Louis, Mo., July S — August 1 ; Lii
jeblad collection. LeConte collection from Indiana, labeled erro
ueously /,. Niilcirostris. Comparatively longer and more robust
than latiiiwiilitN with the scales all paler and uniform in color,
those of thorax more distinctly ocellate; humeri more oblique and
intervals all flat.

flns. Life, III, 83; Bull. 82, U. S. Bur. lint., 1909, 19.

TUIISK III. HYPERIXI. 1(>3

211 (8455). LISTROXOTTS IMPRESSIFROXS LeConte, 1876, 134.

Form and size of latiusfulus. Scales mostly dirty brown, the elytra not
mottled as there; thorax with a narrow pale stripe each side. Beak wider,
stouter, much more distinctly carinate and sulcate, sparsely covered with
large rounded scales intermingled with slender, hair-like ones. Frontal
fovea large, deep. Sides of thorax broadly rounded, disc densely and coarse-
ly punctured. Elytra mere than one-half broader at base than thorax,
intervals feebly convex. Last ventral of female not impressed. Length
5.5 — 5.8 mm.

Described from Georgia and Louisiana. Quite common about
Lake Okeechobee., Fla., March 2 — 8, among and beneath the de-
caying stems of the water hyacinth, Piaropus crassipcs Mart.,
next to the water's edge; also at Ihmedin, Jan. 1) — March 31.

212 (8454). LISTROXOTUS CRIURICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 134.

Also of the form, color and sculpture of latiusculus. Thorax distinctly
wider than long, mere strongly rounded on sides, distinctly constricted
near tip, so that looking from above the postocular lobes appear more
prominent; humeral angles of elytra more distinctly oblique. Last
ventral of female with a large rounded impression, the bottom of which is
shining and nearly smooth. Length 6.7 mm.

Such is LeCoute's description of his single female type from
Georgia. No other record can be found.

213 (8456). LISTROXOTUS SETOSUS Lee., 1876, 134.

Oblong. Black, above densely covered with round, dirty gray, fus-
cous-brown and silvery white scales, which are larger on the thorax
and not hair-like on the head; the fuscous ones forming a few irregular
blotches along the sides and a large one near the apex of elytra; the silvery
ones a narrow median line and a sinuous stripe each side of the thorax and
a few spots on sides of elytra; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown;
femora blackish with a ring of silvery scales near apex. Beak rather
slender, longer than thorax, the median and lateral carina? evident but
weak. Thorax short, distinctly wider than long; sides rounded, strongly
so near base and apex; ocular lobes prominent, disc densely and coarsely
punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, base broadly and
feebly emarginate; humeri rounded, striae rather finely punctate; inter-
vals feebly convex, each with a row of rather long, inclined, club-shaped
blackish bristles. Last ventral with a rounded shallow impression near
tip in male, and a very deep median cavity on apical half in female. Length
5 — 5.5 mm.

Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 18 — Oct. 2.~i ; frequent be-
neath boards along the margins of ponds and on the flowers of
K<i</itt<irhi. Recorded by Pierce (1007, 250) as occurring on cot-
ton at Victoria, Texas, May 23. Ranges from Georgia to Texas.

104 SUBFAMILV X. CURCULIONINJE.

214 (— — ). LisTuoxoxrs DEBILIS sp. nov.

Oblong, rather robust. Black, above and under surface, except abdo-
men, densely clothed with a crust of small, round, dirty white scales,
each with a minute golden dot at center; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-
brown ; femora piceous, densely scaly near apex. Beak slender, sub-
cylindrical, as long as head and thorax, naked, feebly carinate and slightly
widened on apical third, not carinate and densely scaly behind the anten-
nae; frontal fovea large, deep. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
broadly rounded, feebly but distinctly sinuate at middle, disc densely and
finely granulate-punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than middle of
thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel to apical fourth, then converging to
the conjointly rounded apex; stria? very fine, their punctures concealed;
intervals wide, flat, each with a row of short, white inclined bristles.
Length 5.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Putnam and Vig'o counties, Ind., rare; June 12 — July 1. A
unique form, easily known by the peculiar color of scales, sinuate
thorax and scaly head. The last yentral is not impressed in either
of the two specimens, both of which are probably males.

IV. HYPERODES Jekel,* 1804. ((Jr., Hypera + "like.")

Small oblong- or elongate-oval species haying the eyes lateral,
not encroaching1 on the front; beak deflexed, narrower than head,
slighlly widened at tip and with one or more carina? on its upper
face; antenna? inserted near tip of beak, their grooves deep in
front and visible from above, directed against the eyes, usually
shallow and more or less widened behind; scape clavate, reaching
the eye, first joint of funicle always stouter than second, the two
usually sub-equal in length, 3 — 6 of almost equal width, seventh
wider; thorax never longer than wide, ocular lobes distinct;
scutellum small ; elytra oblong-oval, wider than thorax, usually
emarginate at base, slightly narrowed toward apex; femora cla-
vate. Males with the third joint of tarsi moderately dilated, and
the last ventral subtruucate; females with the last ventral broadly
rounded, usually more or less impressed.

Like the species of Listronotiifi, they occur beneath cover on
sandy or muddy ground near water, or upon semi-aquatic plants.
They probably feed upon such plants, though the life history of
no species is recorded. Up to the present they may, therefore, be
termed innocuous rather than injurious to agriculture. The only
paper treating of the North American species as a whole is by

J)h •/.:, Win. G. — "On the Species of Macrops Inhabiting North
America," in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. XVI, 1889, 28—54.

In it 33 species are described from the United States. Of
these 18 occur in the territory covered by this paper, while four

*This name takes the place of Macrops Kirby which was preoccupied in Reptilia.

TIMI5K III. IIYPKRIXI.

Ki.l

others are described as new. The genus is one of the most diffi-
cult of the subfamily, the species being- very similar in form, size
and color. For convenience our species are first separated into
four groups.

Fig. 62. Structures of Hyperodcs; a, Antenna of H. solutus
showing elongate second joint of funicle; b, antenna of Hyperodes
sp. showing first and second joints of funicle subequal; f, front
view of head of H. dorsalis; d, same seen from the sioe; ,
view of head of H. dclumbis; f, same of H. sparsus; g, same of
H. echinatus; h, hind tibia of male of H. delumbis; i, thorax and
elytra of H. rotundicollis ; j and k, same of H. hornii, male and
female; /, same of H. sctigcr, male. (After Dietz.)

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN HYPERODES.

o. Second joint of funicle slender and one-half longer than first, the
latter stout, somewhat top-shaped (Fig. 62, a.) ; all the tarsi stout,
their third joint dilated, bilobed, last joint shorter than the others
combined. GROUP I.

aa. First and second joints of funicle equal or nearly so. (Fig. 62, 6.)
l> Beak more slender, about as long or longer than thorax; antennal
grooves narrow, sharply defined and but slightly expanded be-
hind. (Fig. 62, c., d.) GROUP II.
?jb. Beak stouter, shorter than thorax, generally flattened above; an-
tennal grooves widened and ill defined behind (except porcellus).
(Fig. 62, e., f., g.)

c. Upper surface scaly, elytra not clothed with a fine hair-like pubes-
cence. GROUP III.
cc. Upper surface more or less pubescent; front tarsi of male dilated;
alternate intervals of elytra with a row of setae.

GROUP IV.
GROUP I.

The members of this group are closely allied to Listronotus.
In addition to the characters above given they are rather densely
covered with clay-yellow or grayish-brown scales, have the ocular
lobes prominent, almost wholly concealing the eyes, and the front
tibia? incurved at apex, not toothed on the outer side.

166 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Elytral setse very small, inconspicuous; thoracic punctures moderate.
b. Thorax with scales larger than those of elytra, its sides almost
straight, each elytron usually with a large triangular blackish
post-median spot. 215. SOLUTUS.

l>b. Thorax with scales not larger than those of elytra, the sides dis-
tinctly rounded; elytra with a common broad black median bar.

216. DECEPTUS.

oa. Elytral setse stout, very evident; thoracic punctures very coarse, crib-
rate. 217. CKYPTOPS.

215 (8469). HYPERODES SOLUTUS Boh., Schon., 1842, 197.

Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown to piceous, above rather densely
clothed with rounded, clay-yellow scales, those of thorax larger, paler and
more dense on sides; elytra each with a large, irregular, triangular black
spot just behind middle, its apex not quite reaching the suture; antennae
and legs reddish-brown, femora and club darker; under surface glabrous,
piceous, the last two segments paler. Beak as long as thorax, its sides paral-
lel and median carina fine but distinct. Thorax about as wide as long,
sides almost straight, ocular lobes only partly covering the eyes in re-
pose; disc densely, not coarsely punctate. Elytra convex, one-half wider
than thorax, sides parallel for two-thirds their length, thence narrowed
and compressed to apex; striae fine, their punctures rather distant; inter-
vals each with a row of short, whitish setae. Last ventral of female with
a shallow apical triangular fovea. Length 3 — 5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 29 — July 0. Mating June
20 and both the typical form and the variety indistinctus taken
together in numbers July 0 on arrow-arum, Pcltandra uirginica
L., so that may be one of its food plants. Locally common on the
arrow-head, Hayitturia, near New York City, and also taken in
winter by sifting. Ranges from Canada and New England to
Montana, south to District of Columbia and Kansas.

An examination of the types of Macrops hidistinctus Dietz
shows that the thorax is not wider than long, the relative dimen-
sions being as in many specimens of solulits, and in our opinion
it is only a color variety of that species, in which the black spots
of elytra are wanting. As pointed out by Dietz, this form with-
out black sjiols may be Boheman's .s-/>///v^.s-. If so, tlie name spur-
cus has priority and xoliitits becomes the variety. The type of
spin-ens was from Boston but Boheman's description is insuffi-
cient. In the LeCoute collection are two specimens labelled
' One is sparxux as recognized by Dietz, the other the
of Dietz. A careful examination of the type of Npiirciix
is necessary to fix the status of that species.

TRIBE III. HYPERIXI. 107

216 (— — ). HYPERODES DECEPTCS sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown to black; above densely clothed
with pale brown, fuscous and grayish-white scales, the whitish ones form-
ing an indistinct narrow median line and two broad lateral stripes on
thorax, also covering the humeri and most of the declivity of elytra and
forming a ring near the tip of femora, the fuscous ones clothing the
median portion of thorax and forming a broad common cross-bar on elytra
at or just behind the middle; antennae and tibiae paler reddish-brown, the
club and tarsi dusky; under surface with large, sparsely placed silvery
white scales, these absent on the last three ventrals. Second joint of
funicle one-half longer than first; eyes hidden in repose by the ocular
lobes. Beak as in solutiis, the median carina very fine. Thorax subglobose,
slightly wider than long, sides broadly rounded, incurved at base which is
narrower than apex, disc finely and densely punctate. Elytra at base
one-third wider than thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel to apical
fourth; striae fine, their punctures concealed; intervals feebly convex,
their setae very small. Last ventral of female feebly impressed at tip.
Length 3.2—4 mm. (W.8.B.)

Lake County, Ind., rare; May I2.~> — June 1(1. Allied to soJutns
but very distinct in the form of thorax and coloration. The
smaller of the two specimens has the under surface and femora
black, the black cross-bar of elytra wider and more median and
the last ventral unmodified.

217 (10,816). HYPERODES CRYPTOPS Dietz, 1889, 32.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, sparsely
clothed with rounded, grayish-yellow scales; thorax often with a narrow
median and lateral line of paler scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown.
Beak stout, as long as thorax, median carina visible only near tip, its
usual location occupied by a broad, shallow sulcus. Eyes large, almost
covered in repose by the ocular lobes. Thorax subquadrate, slightly
wider at base than apex; sides almost straight on basal three-fourths, then
slightly narrowed to apex; disc very coarsely and deeply punctate, punc-
tures separated by narrow ridges and each covered by a large, round,
concave scale. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, convex, parallel for
three-fourths their length, then gradually narrowed to the conjointly
rounded tips; stria? rather broad, well impressed, their punctures sub-
quadrate, close-set; intervals feebly convex, each with a row of stout white
subclavate setae. Metathorax and first ventral coarsely, reticulately
punctate. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Dimedin and Arch Creek, Fla., scarce; Jan. 19 — April 8; be-
neath boards in damp places; on the flowers of 8af/itt<tri<i and
swept from huckleberry. Described from Georgia and Florida.
Easily known by the large ocular lobes and very coarsely punctate
thorax.

GROUP II.

With the exception of the last two, our species of this group,
have the form subdepressed ; beak rather slender, tapering more or
less distinct! v from the base to the insertion of the antenna? and

168 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

somewhat compressed at tip (Fig 62, c) ; ocular lobes feeble; tibiae
finely toothed and with setae along the inner margin; front tarsi
of male dilated.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II.

a. Elytral intervals wider than the punctures; sexes alike in form.
1). Larger, 4.2 mm. or more in length; no distinct ridge or sulcus above

the eye.

c. Tarsi fringed with long flexible hairs without stiff bristles; tibiae
slender; elytra almost uniform grayish-brown.

218. GRYPIDIOIDES.

cc. Tarsi fringed at sides with stiff, bristle-like hairs, intermixed

with short pubescence; elytra distinctly variegated with pale

brown. 219. DORSALIS.

66. Smaller, not over 3.8 mm. in length; antennal grooves deep, their

upper margin prolonged as a superciliary ridge.

(I. Alternate elytral intervals more prominent and they alone bear-
ing setae on disc of elytra.

e. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, its sides almost straight,
sinuate at middle. 220. ALTERNATUS.

ee. Thorax but slightly wider than long, its sides broadly rounded.

221. PENIXSULARIS.

dd. Elytral intervals all equal in width and elevation, each with a
row of short, suberect setae. 222. MOXTANUS.

aa. Elytral intervals narrow, their punctures large, foveiform; sexes dis-
similar in form.

f. Larger, 4 mm.; thorax impressed at middle and constricted at apex.

223. HORNII.

ff. Smaller, 3 mm.; thorax without median impression, gradually nar-
rowed to tip. 224. SETIGER.

218 (10,819). HYPEROUES GRYPIDIOIDES Dietz, 1889, 35.

Oblong, convex. Piceous, above thickly clothed with grayish-brown
and silvery-white scales, the latter forming an interrupted median line
and two very narrow sinuous stripes on thorax, a blotch on humerus and
a few indistinct mottlings on sides of elytra; under surface of thorax and
mesosternal side pieces also covered with white scales; antennae, tibia? and
tarsi reddish-brown. Beak slightly longer than thorax, very slender, finely
tricarinate. Thorax one-half broader than long, sides strongly rounded,
apex feebly constricted, two-thirds as wide as base; ocular lobes very nar-
row, the eyes uncovered in repose. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than
thorax at middle, humeri rounded, prominent; striae fine, their punctures
small, rather distant; intervals feebly convex, each with a row of short,
slender, white setae. Third tarsal joint twice as long as second. Last ventral
of male with a shallow triangular impression; of female with a deep lon-
gitudinal one on apical half. Length 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, rare; May 30 — .June 20. Diet/As types
were from Kansas, Nevada, Texas and Wyoming. His types of
wiclclutini from New Mexico are not distinguishable.

III. F1YPERINI. 169

219 (10,824). HYPERODES DORSALIS Dietz, 1889, 37.

Oblong, rather robust. Piceous, densely clothed above and beneath
with gray and pale brown scales, the gray ones forming three distinct
stripes on thorax, the middle one narrow; the brown scales arranged to
form a broad discal stripe, reaching from base almost to apex of elytra,
and a diagonal line extending from humerus towards the suture. Beak
as long as thorax, tricarinate. Thorax more than one-half wider than
long, base wider than apex, sides strongly rounded, disc densely punctate,
and bearing numerous erect, club-shaped hairs in addition to the scales.
Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax; striae fine, feebly impressed; in-
tervals almost flat, each with a row of clavate seta?. Under surface densely
punctate. Last ventral of female deeply emarginate and with a deep, sharp-
ly defined lunate fovea. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Described from Illinois, Texas and Louisiana.

220 (10,826). HYPERODES ALTERXATUS Dietz, 1889, 38.

Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous-brown; densely scaly above, almost
glabrous beneath, the scales matted together by a dirty brown crust, hid-
ing the sculpture; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak rather stout, as
long as thorax, sharply tricarinate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
base rounded, not wider than apex, sides almost straight; disc densely and
finely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax, base subtruncate,
parallel for two-thirds their length, then gradually narrowed to tip; stria?
deep, punctures large, close-set; alternate intervals strongly elevated. Un-
der surface closely and densely punctate. Length 3.5 mm.

Described from Illinois. Type in the Ulke collection at Pitts-
burg.

221 (- -). HYPERODES PENINSULARIS sp. nov.

Oblong. Piceous-brown, above densely clothed with dirty white and
pale brown scales, the former condensed in a broad stripe each side of
thorax and a narrow humeral one on elytra, the latter extending back-
ward to near middle and curving inward to fifth interval; under side of
thorax and a ring near apex of each femur, densely clothed with large
ocellate silvery- white scales; antennas and legs reddish-brown. Beak as
long as thorax, narrower at middle, scarcely wider at base than apex,
feebly tricarinate, densely scaly. Thorax less than one-fourth wider than
long, disc coarsely and densely punctate, each puncture closed with a large
round scale. Base of elytra one-third wider than middle of thorax, humeri
rounded, sides straight for three-fourths their length; alternate intervals
distinctly, not strongly more elevated, each with a row of rather long,
white, inclined setae. Under surface coarsely and densely punctate. Last
ventral of male with a round impression near apex. Length 3.7 mm.

(W. &. B.)

Sanford, Fla., Apr. 4. The scales of thorax, both above and be-
neath, are distinctly larger than those of elytra.

170 srr.FAMiLY x. — c

222 (10,827). HYPERODES JIOXTAXUS Dietz, 1889, 39.

Oblong. Dark piceous; surface above and that of thorax beneath
densely clothed with white and grayish-brown scales, the pale ones form-
ing three narrow stripes on thorax, and a humeral spot and numerous
white mottlings on elytra; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak slender,
subcylindrical, slightly longer than thorax, obscurely tricarinate. Thorax
two-thirds wider than long, wider at base than apex, sides moderately
rounded; disc with a transverse impression behind apical margin, finely
granulate, the punctures wholly concealed by the scales. Elytra at base
scarcely one-fourth wider than thorax at middle; strife deeply impressed,
their punctures distant, concealed by the scales. Abdomen densely punctate.
Last ventral of female with a small fovea near apex. Length 3.5 mm.

Lake and Dubois counties, Indiana, scarce; May 27 — May 20.
Described from Illinois, Kansas, Nevada, Dakota and Montana.
The scales are often so concealed by a crust as to make their true
color obscure.

223 (10,829). HYPERODES HORNII Dietz, 1889, 40.

Males ovate; females broadly oblong. Black, more or less densely
clothed with dirty grayish-brown or piceous scales; antennae, tarsi and
apex of tibia? reddish-brown; thorax usually with three narrow stripes
and elytra with humeral spot, scutellum and scattered spots along sides
of whitish scales. Beak of male subcylindrical. longer than thorax, me-
dian carina distinct, others feeble, densely and continently punctate; of
female, broader and stouter, subdepressed, not longer than thorax, strongly
tricarinate. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides almost straight and
diverging for two-thirds their length, then narrowed to and broadly con-
stricted near apex; disc with broad median impression, coarsely,
densely and deeply punctate. Elytra of male slightly wider at base than
thorax, sides broadly rounded, widest behind the middle, then rather
rapidly narrowed to tip; stria? very wide; intervals narrow, convex, each
with a row of long, stout, club-shaped seta?. Elytra of female distinctly
wider at base than thorax, not wider behind the middle. Under surface
sparsely scaly, coarsely punctate; the last ventrals densely and finely
punctured. Length 4 — 5.5 mm. (Fig. 62, ;'., male; k., female.)

Ormond, Lake Istokpoga and Dunedin, Fla. ; Jan. 23 — Dec. 23.
Frequent at Dunedin beneath boards along the margin of ponds,
mating on the latter date. Described from Georgia and Florida.
The thorax is not channeled as stated by Dietz and the median
impression is much less distinct in the female. In fresh speci-
mens the beak and apical third of femora are clothed with silvery -
white scales.

224 (10,830). HYPERODES SETIGER Dietz, 1889, 41.

"Differs from liornii in its smaller size, stouter and shorter tricari-
nate beak; thorax transverse, more than one-half wider than long, sides

TRIBE III. IIVPKKIXI. 171

broadly rounded, not constricted at tip, disc not channeled, obscurely im-
pressed near base and apex. Setae much more slender, scarcely conspicu-
ous. Length 3 mm." (Diets.) (Fig. 62, 7.)

Described from a single male from Florida. The only speci-
men labelled sctir/er at Cambridge is notable for its pear-shaped
body.

GROUP III.

The members of this group have the beak stout, slightly
shorter than thorax, distinctly carinate above, often angulated at
the sides, separated from the head by a shallow transverse im-
pression ; tarsi less slender, the front ones of male with the third
joint dilated, deeply bilobed. In most species the thorax is densely
and finely punctate, and when the scales are in place it often has
a finely granulated appearance.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP III.

a. Upper margin of antennal grooves directed toward upper part of

eyes (Fig. 62, e.) ; scape reaching upper front margin of eye.
ft. Thorax coarsely punctate; hind tibiae of male with a brush of long
flying hairs along the inner margin (Fig. 62, h.) ; length 3.5—
4.5 mm.

c. Thorax wider than long, densely and coarsely punctate; larger,

3.5 — 4.2 mm. 225. DELUMBIS.

cc. Thorax not wider than long, sides less rounded; punctures larger,

cribrate; smaller, 3.2 — 3.5 mm. 226. SUBCRIBRATUS.

1)1). Thorax finely and densely punctate; hind tibia? of male without a

brush of long flying hairs.

(1. Alternate elytral intervals with a row of setse; each elytron sub-
acuminate at apex. 227. SPARSUS.
<1(1. Each elytral interval with a row of setae; elytra conjointly

rounded at apex.

e. Thorax suborbicular, strongly rounded at base and sides, its

hind angles obsolete. (Fig. 62, i. ) 228. ROTUNDICOLLIS.

ee. Thorax feebly rounded at sides, its base subtruncate, hind angles

distinct and setae very conspicuous. 229. OBSCURELLUS.

act. Upper margin of antennal grooves directed toward the middle of eyes

(Fig. 62, g. ) ; scape of antennae shorter, reaching front margin of

eye about its middle.

f. Surface densely scaly; each interval with a row of distinct setae;

larger, 3.7 — 4.5 mm.

g. Beak feebly carinate, the lateral carinae obsolete; thorax dis-
tinctly constricted near apex. 230. Ec'in \ATUS.
gg. Beak subcostate or strongly tricarinate; thorax not constricted
near apex. 231. XOVELLUS.
ff. Surface very sparsely scaly; third and fifth intervals convex, al-
ternate ones only with setae; smaller, 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

232. MINIMUS.

172 STRFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

225 (8461). HYI-ERODES DELUMBIS Gyll., Schon., 1834, 283.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, above rather
sparsely clothed with large whitish rounded scales which are massed to
form a pale stripe each side of and rarely a median line on thorax and
a humeral spot on elytra; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak feebly
tricarinate, rugose-punctate, sparsely clothed with yellowish hair-like
scales and four rows of short, suberect setae. Thorax subquadrate, less
than one-half wider than long, sides feebly rounded; disc densely, coarsely,
confluently punctate, each puncture bearing a short prostrate hair.
Elytra one-half wider than thorax, parallel for two-thirds their length,
then gradually narrowed to the conjointly rounded apex; striae fine, punc-
tures small, rather distant; intervals feebly convex, the alternate ones
only bearing a row of rather long, slender sets?. Under surface glabrous,
densely and coarsely punctate. Last ventral of male shallowly, trans-
versely impressed; of female with a large oval, rather deep impression.
Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Lake, Vigo and Putnam counties, Ind., scarce; Jan. 21 — June
2. Hibernates beneath ninllen leaves and rubbish. Dorchester,
Mass., Aug. 10. Sanford, Fla., Jan. 12. Ranges from Quebec
and New England to Montana and Nevada, south to Florida. Var-
iable in color from grayish-white to piceous, the elytra usually
with a large central area somewhat darker than the remainder,
and in fresh specimens a number of small patches of white scales,
which are more or less connected to form sinuous lines, are visi-
ble. The beak is very little shorter than thorax, more slender and
less carinate than in the other species of the group, thus bringing
it close to the species of group II, with which it is liable to be
confused.

226 (10,831). HYPERODES SUBCRIBRATUS Dietz, 1889, 42.

Differs mainly by characters given in key. Form more slender. Punc-
tures of elytral striae larger, as wide or even wider than the intervals.
Last ventral of male with a large subquadrate impression. Length 3.2—
3.5 mm.

Dunedin, Florida, Nov. 0. In one specimen in the LeConte
collection the scales of elytra are all white instead of dirty gray
as in the others seen. Known only from Florida.

227 (8463). HYPERODES SPARSUS Say, 1831, 11; ibid, I, 271.

Elongate-oblong. Picecus or dark reddish-brown, above and under sides
of thorax usually rather thickly clothed with dirty gray or brownish scales,
which are larger on the elytra; when denuded the elytra with a common
broad piceous or darker stripe extending from base two-thirds to apex;
the gray scales sometimes massed to form pale stripes on sides of thorax;
antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak short, stout, tricarinate, the me-

TRIP,!-: III. HYPERIXI. 173

clian carina more distinct; finely rugose-striate, both it and head sparsely
covered with yellowish scale-like hairs. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly
wider than long, sides feebly rounded, ocular lobes small; disc with punc-
tures concealed by small convex scales, giving it a granular appearance,
a more or less ill defined impression along the median line. Elytra at
base one-fourth wider than thorax, humeri rounded, prominent, base
slightly emarginate, sides subparallel for three-fifths their length, then
gradually narrowed and compressed to apex; striae fine, punctures rather
large; intervals slightly convex, the alternate ones more elevated and
bearing a row of rather long, slender seta?; the others more or less setose
on declivity. Abdomen glabrous, densely punctate. Last ventral of female
with a large transverse fovea. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, mil eh more so in the southern
portion ; March IT — June 2. Evidently hibernates as taken by
sifting and beneath bark in early spring; later by sweeping road-
side herbage. Ranges from New England and Canada to Mis-
souri. We have included Avitli xjHirxiis a number of southern In-
diana specimens identified by Liebeck some years ago as loiif/nlus
Dietz. They differ only in being smaller, more narrow and par-
allel, in having the elytra partially or wholly denuded of scales
and in the thorax being slightly more rounded and devoid of
median impression. Listrortcrcs Hncatulus Say (1831, 11) is said
by Dietz to be only a form "densely covered with grayish scales,
completely concealing the punctures and with the thoracic fur-
rows more distinct."

228 (10,833). HYPERODES KOTUNDICOLUS Dietz, 1889, 44.

Oblong. Black, densely clothed with fuscous and grayish-white
scales, the latter forming a narrow median line and a broad stripe each
side on thorax, covering the scutellum and humeri and forming a few ir-
regular spots on the disc of elytra; antennae, tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-
brown. Beak as in sparsus, its lateral carinae more distinct than there.
Thorax as in key, finely and densely granulate-punctate. Elytra one-third
wider than thorax, strongly emarginate at base; sides very feebly con-
verging for three-fourths their length, then rapidly rounded to apex;
striae broad, feebly compressed, their punctures large, subquadrate, close-
set; intervals slightly convex, alternate ones more elevated near base, each
with a row of slender seta?. Under surface coarsely punctate; front tarsi
less dilated than in others of the group. Last ventral of female deeply
and sharply foveate, emarginate. Length 3.5 — 4 mm. (Fig. 62, /. )

Lawrence County, Indiana, rare; July 29. Taken by sweeping.
Irvington, New Jersey, June 10. Ranges from New York to Ne-
braska and Colorado, south to Texas.

229 (10,834). HYPERODES OBSCUBELLVS Dietz, 1889, 45.

Close to rotundicollis which it resembles in form and color. "Differs
in the form of thorax, which has the base subtruncate, hind angles rather

174 STBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

distinct; sides almost straight, slightly divergent from base to middle, the
latter subangulate. Elytra feebly emarginate at base. Last ventral of
female with a broad transverse excavation, not emarginate. Length 4
mm." (Dietz.)

Described from District of Columbia and Texas. Eecorded
from Brooklyn, X. Y., in Smith's New Jersey List. The seta3 of
thorax in the only specimen at hand are much more numerous
and prominent than in either rotiin<J'u:olll$ or sparsns. Fall con-
siders ohxciircllits a synonym of sparsus, but the alternate inter-
vals are not elevated as in that species and all the intervals are
distinctly setose throughout their length.

230 (10,838). HYPERODES ECIIIXATUS Dietz, 1889, 46.

Broadly oblong. Piceous or reddish-brown; above and thorax beneath
densely clothed with grayish-white and brownish-yellow scales which are
especially large upon the elytra; the pale ones forming a narrow median
line and lateral stripes enclosing a dark spot on thorax, and scattered
spots on elytra; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Beak stout, broad, its
median carina feeble, the others obsolete. Thorax slightly wider than
long, base and apex of almost equal width; sides feebly rounded, ocular
lobes rather prominent; disc densely scaly, impressed and feebly con-
stricted near apex, finely and densely granulate-punctate and with scat-
tered short erect setae. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, slightly nar-
rowed from humeri for three-fifths their length, thence gradually nar-
rowed to tips; intervals convex, each with a row of pale, erect, rather stout,
prominent seta?. First and second ventrals coarsely, not densely, last
three more finely, punctate. Last ventral of female emarginate at tip and
with a large quadrilateral concavity. Length 4.4 — 4.5 mm.

Dubois and Spencer counties, Indiana, rare; May 32 — 24.
Taken by sweeping. Evanston, 111., Oct. 14. Orange County, N.
Y., April 2. Ranges from Massachusetts and Michigan to Colo-
rado, south to Mississippi, Texas and Arizona. Breeds in the
roots of ^cnccio and Plantayo. (Pierce, 1916.)

231 (- — ). HYPERODES NOVELLUS sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous, above thickly clothed with dark brown and
ash-gray scales, those of elytra not as large as in echinatus ; the pale ones
forming a narrow median line and lateral stripes on thorax and covering
the humeri and the greater portion of the sides of elytra. Beak stout,
shorter than thorax, very strongly tricarinate, the median carina arched,
the sulci deep, each with a row of short setae. Thorax subquadrate,
scarcely as wide as long, sides almost straight, feebly rounded near base
and apex, disc finely and densely granulate-punctate and with numerous
erect setae. Elytra at base nearly one-half wider than thorax, sides par-
allel to apical fifth, then strongly converging to apex; striae deep, their
punctures fine, close-set; intervals all evenly and strongly convex, each

TRIP.IO III. IIYPERIXI. l|.~i

with a row of long, blackish, erect seta?. Under surface with coarse,
rather dense punctures, each bearing a short yellowish hair. Last ventral
broadly and feebly impressed in female. Length 3.8—4.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dunedin and Sarasota, Florida, Jan. 21 — Dec. 23. Seven spe-
cimens taken from beneath cover along borders of ponds. The
elytra are longer and have more numerous and more prominent
set* than in ccJihititiis. The much stronger carime of beak and
more distinctly convex intervals also readily distinguish it from
that species. From liirtclliiK Dietz it is separated by its narrower
thorax, erect set*, and more strongly cariuate beak. The scales
of thorax are so placed as to form short, oblique rug*.

232 (- -). HYPERODES MINIMUS sp. nov.

Oblong, subdepressed. Head, thorax and under surface piceous;
elytra dark reddish-brown, usually with a piceous blotch near center; an-
tennae and legs paler; scales dirty gray, very sparse, forming only a nar-
row stripe each side of thorax and a few small scattered spots on elytra.
Beak short, broad, scarcely two-thirds as long as thorax, narrowed at
middle, tri-carinate, the median carina more evident; occiput broad, convex,
rather thickly and finely punctate and without the hair-like scales of
other species. Antennae short, scape reaching middle of front of eye; club
large, oval. Thorax ssubcylindrical, one-third wider than long, sides
broadly rounded, slightly incurved near base and apex; ocular lobe cov-
ering half the eye in repose; disc feebly constricted behind the apex,
rather finely and densely punctate, not carinate and without impressions.
Elytra broad, distinctly depressed, two-thirds wider at base than thorax,
base truncate, sides converging for three-fourths their length, then rapidly
narrowing to a conjointly rounded apex; strial punctures large, close-set,
wider than the intervals; the latter narrow, convex, the third and fifth
rather strongly elevated, the alternate ones with a row of short, yellow in-
clined setae on the disc, the others with a few scattered setae on the de-
clivity. Under surface glabrous, the sterna coarsely and densely punctate,
first four ventrals much more sparsely punctate; last ventral finely and
densely punctate, paler than the others, broadly rounded in female, sub-
truncate and with a faint median apical impression in male. Length
2.3—2.7 mm. (W. S. B.)

\ Mmedin, Fla., Jan. 21 — Dec. 23. Frequent beneath cover
along the margins of inland ponds. Mating on several dates in
February and March. Readily known by its small size, broad
depressed elytra and almost total absence of scales. The LeConte
collection contains two specimens (Xo. 1003) without name or

locality labels.

GROUP IV.

Rather short, subdepressed species having the upper surface
more or less clothed with fine, prostrate, hair-like pubescence and
usually also scales along the sides of thorax and elytra ; antennal

17(i SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.i:.

grooves widened toward base of beak, the scape directed toward
middle of eve, club more broadly oval than usual; alternate in-
tervals only settle-bearing except upon the declivity; thorax with
a smooth median line or cariua, front tibiae shorter and stouter,
the third joint distinctly dilated in the male.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IV.

a. Humeri very prominent, rounded and subangulated behind; pubes-
cence coarser; thorax scarcely wider than long. 233. MIRABILIS.
aa. Humeri less prominent, rounded, not subangulated behind; pubes-
cence finer.

l>. Antennal grooves ill-defined and widened behind; thorax one-third
to one-half wider than long. 234. HUMILIS.

c. Densely pubescent; surface subopaque; length 4 — 4.5 mm.

235. AXTHRACIXUS.

cc. Pubescence very sparse; surface shining; length 3.5 — 4 mm.
bl>. Antennal grooves sharply defined, only moderately widened behind;
thorax subcylindrical, scarcely wider than long; smaller, 2.7 — 3
mni. 236. PORCELLUS.

233 (10,841). HYPERODES MIRABILIS Dietz, 1889, 49.

Oblong, rather stout. Piceous, variegated above, especially on sides
and declivity of elytra, with white and pale brown scales: scutellum and
humeri covered with cream-colored scales; antenna? and legs reddish-
brown; pubescence yellowish with a brassy lustre. Beak stout, about as
long as thorax, wider at base than apex, carinse feeble. Thorax at base
as long as wide, base distinctly wider than apex, sides broadly rounded:
disc feebly constricted behind apex, densely punctate, the median carina
very fine. Elytra at base more than one-half wider than thorax, sides
parallel for three-fourths their length; strial punctures large, close-set;
intervals wide, flat, the alternate ones with a row of rather distant.
clavate seise. Length 4.5 mm.

Described by Dietz from a single Illinois specimen, now in the
Flke collection at Pittsburg.

234 (8466). HYPERODES HUMILIS Gyll., Schon., 1834, 284.

Oblong. Piceous-black, subopaque; thorax with a stripe each side,
extending onto the humeri, and a small spot in front of scutellum covered
with large pale scales; sides of elytra sparsely covered with similar
scales; antennse, tibiae, tarsi and apex of thorax, dark reddish-brown:
pubescence fine, reddish or grayish-white. Beak almost as long as thorax,
tricarinate, densely punctate, the median carina stronger. Thorax one-
fhircl wider than long, sides feebly rounded, disc densely and finely
rugose-punctate and with a faint narrow abbreviated median carina.
Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax, sides as in mirabilis: disc
feebly and broadly impressed at basal third, strial punctures large; in-
tervals flat, the alternate ones with a row of short, pale, suberect sette.
Last ventral of female with a large, subquaclrate, shallow fovea. Length
4 — 4.5 mm.

III. IIVI'ICKIXI. 177

Lake, Kosciusko and Dubois counties, Indiana, scarce; May
11 — June 25; taken by sifting and sweeping. Batavia, X. Y., May
:!() — June 3. Ranges from Newfoundland and Quebec to Montana,
south to Kansas and Mississippi.

Hyperodes macnlicollis Kirby, listed from several localities in our
territory, Is stated by Dietz to be a form of InnniUs having "the lateral
thoracic vittae obsolete in their anterior halves thereby giving the appear-
ance of three basal spots." H. vitticollis Kirby, larger (5 mm.) pubescence
darker and coarser, thorax wider with sides more rounded, and with
median and lateral pale stripes, and elytra with scattered spots of large
white scales, is also listed, probably erroneously, as Dietz gives its oc-
currence as Wyoming and Nebraska.

235 (10,843). HYPERODES ANTI-IHAC-INTS Dietz, 1889, 51.

Oblong. Black, front margin of thorax, antennas and tarsi reddish-
brown; elytra with a few irregular scattered spots of pale scales. Beak
about as long as thorax, stout, tricarinate, coarsely rugose-punctate, the
transverse basal impression deep and with a very distinct central fovea.
Thorax one-half wider than long, convex, sides feebly curved, apex and
base subequal; disc densely and very coarsely punctate, broadly con-
stricted near apex, median carina distinct, abbreviated at each end.
Elytra one-half wider than thorax at base, sides subparallel for two-thirds
their length, then rounded into the tips; strial punctures large, transverse,
close-set; intervals narrow, feebly convex, the third and fifth slightly
more elevated, setae very short. Under surface coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate; last ventral finely punctate and broadly impressed in
both sexes. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

Dunedin, Bassenger and Sarasota. Florida; Jan. 10 — Dec. 23.
Quite common at Dunedin beneath boards along the margin of
ponds, mating March 24 — 31. Known only from Florida. The
black, shining surface, coarse elytral punctures and distinct
thoracic carina make it easily recognized.

236 (8467). HYPERODES PORCELLUS Say, 1831, 11; ibid. I, 271.

Oblong. Piceous black, shining; above rather sparsely clothed with
fine, prostrate, grayish-white hairs; sides of thorax with a stripe of dirty
white scales; elytra variegated with small spots of similar scales; antennae,
tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown; femora in part piceous. Beak slightly
shorter than thorax, tricarinate, densely rugose-punctate. Thorax sub-
quadrate, scarcely wider than long, sides almost straight; disc densely
and finely punctured, the median carina short, scarcely evident. Elytra
one-half wider than thorax at base; strial punctures large, transverse,
close-set; intervals feebly convex, scarcely wider than punctures. Under
surface densely and coarsely punctured, each puncture bearing a short,
scale-like hair, these especially evident on pro- and metasterna. Length
2.7—3 mm.

ITS SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXINJE.

Lake, Marion and Yigo counties, Ind., scarce; Jan. 30 — July
17. Hibernates beneath logs and rubbish in damp places. Docia,
Miss., May 23. Ranges from Canada and New England to Iowa
and Texas. Fletcher mentions it (1891) as feeding upon oats in
Canada, and also upon the barnyard grass. Panic-inn crttvf/cilU L.,
while Pierce records it as being collected on rice at Markham,
Texas.

Tribe IV. PISSODIXI.

The genus Pissodes, formerly included in the tribe Hylobiini,
is treated in the Biologia and in recent European literature as
composing a separate tribe, differing from Hylobiini by its slen-
der beak, with the antenna? inserted at or near its middle. In ad-
dition it differs by having the front coxa? slightly separated,
thorax with front ventral margin not emarginate or produced to-
ward the sides, first joint of anteunal club smooth and subgla-
brous. The cells in which pupation takes place are sometimes
lined with a thick coating of masticated, excelsior-like wood fibre,
forming the so-called "chip-cocoons."

I. PISSODES Germ., 1817. (Gr., "pitch-colored.")

Reddish-brown to black species varying in length from 4 to 10
mm. and having, in addition to characters given for the tribe, the
body sparsely to thickly clothed with slender to broad scales, the
latter often forming spots on thorax, elytra and femora ; head be-
hind the eyes globular, about one-half as wide as thorax, glabrous,
punctured, feebly impressed between the eyes ; eyes rounded,
widely separated ; beak slender, cylindrical, as long or longer than
thorax ; antenna? inserted at or near its middle, their grooves be-
ginning just in front of the insertion and extending almost par-
allel with lower margin of beak to near the eyes; scape shorter
than funicle; first joint of latter subequal to second and third to-
gether, 3 — 7 subequal in length, slightly increasing in width; first
joint of club large, longer on one side, sparsely clothed with short
hairs and long bristles, remainder of club densely and finely
pubescent ; thorax rarely longer than broad, narrowed in front of
middle, the discal punctures with intervening flat or elevated
spaces; elytra with base as wide or slightly wider than thorax,
sides parallel or slightly narrowed to the declivity, the latter
oblique, feebly constricted ; striae punctured, fifth interval elevated
at apex; femora not toothed; front tibiae with tooth on inner
apical angle.

TRIBE IV. PISSODINI. 179

The sexes differ as follows : In the males there are eight in-
stead of seven visible abdominal termites, the seventh being known
by its broadly retnse hind margin, while the eighth, or pygidium,
is prominent with the tip broadly rounded. In this sex the inner
apical tooth of the tibia1 is usually more prominent. The beak of
the female is longer, smoother and more slender than that of male.
The genus has been recently excellently treated by

Hopkins. A. D. — "Contributions Toward a Monograph of the
Bark-Weevils of the Genus Pissodes," in Bull. 20, Ft. T,
Tech. Ser. U. S. Bur. Entom., 1011.

In this bulletin Hopkins recognized 30 species as belonging to
the fauna of the United States, 12 of which occur east of the
Mississippi River. We have followed his key in separating them
as follows:

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PISSODES.

a. Elytral intervals 3 and 5 broader or more elevated than 2 and 4;

hind tibiae of male without long fringe of hairs.
l>. Elytra always with anterior and posterior spots of densely placed

pale scales.

c. Beak moderately stout, shorter than thorax, the latter with hind

angles obtuse; posterior spot of elytra very large and with

distinct dark border; length 3.7 — 4 mm. 237. SIMILIS.

cc. Beak slender, shorter or longer than thorax, the latter with hind

angles rectangular.

(1. Elytra with sides parallel, the anterior and posterior spots
large; beak never longer than thorax, the latter densely punc-
tured; length 4.5 — 6 mm. 238. STROBI.
dd. Elytra with sides usually distinctly narrowed behind and with
small to moderately large anterior pale spot and posterior
brown and white spots, the latter usually separated; beak
longer than thorax.
e. Posterior brown spots moderately large; length 4.3 — 6.7 mm.

239. APPROXIMATUS.

ee. Posterior brown spots small.

f. Elytra noticeably narrowing from the base to apical third;

length 5 — 7.7 mm. 240. NEMOREXSIS.

ff. Elytra not noticeably narrowing behind the base; length

4.2 — 5.8 mm. 241. DKODARJE.

l>1>. Elytra usually without distinct anterior spots and with the posterior

ones in front of the vertex of declivity.
g. Punctures of thorax distinctly separated, those of elytral striae

small to coarse.
//. Thorax not narrower than elytra.

i. Thorax short, stout, deeply constricted in front, its sides
strongly rounded; length 4.2 — 5.2 mm. 242. FISKEI.

ii. Thorax subelongate, not deeply constricted in front; length
4.2—6 mm.

ISO

SUBFAMILY X. -— (.TIN TLIOM X.K.

;'. Dark brown; thorax moderately stout; intervals 3 and 5
of elytra scarcely elevated. 243. XIGR.-E.

/./'. Pale brown; thorax elongate; intervals 3 and 5 moderately
elevated. 244. PUXCTICOLLIS.

lilt. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra; color black; length
6 — 7.3 mm. 245. ROTUXDATT'S.

.'/»/. Punctures of thorax irregular, not distinctly separated; those of
elytral stria? very coarse and irregular; thorax distinctly nar-
rower than elytra.

k. Thorax convex, without dorsal impressions and elevations; length
4.8 — 5.7 mm. 246. nrnirs.

fcfc. Thorax moderately convex and usually with dorsal impres-
sions and elevations; length 4.6 — 9 mm. 247. FRASERI.
aa. Elytral intervals 3 and 5 not broader or more elevated than 2 and
4; hind tibia? of male with long fringe of hairs; elytra with dis-
tinct posterior spots; length 5.5 — 8 mm. 248. AFFIXIS.

237 (- -). PISSODES SIMILIS Hopk., 1911, 32, 44.

Oblong, smaller than strobi. Light to dark brown: front spots of
elytra distinct, hind ones very large, extending to the middle of each ely-
tron. Beak as in key. Thorax narrower than elytra, its hind angles sub-
obtuse, punctures of disc moderately coarse. Elytra with third and fifth
intervals strongly elevated and rugose. Length 3.7 — 4 mm.

Maine, New Hampshire and hii>h mountains of North Caro-
lina on the balsam firs, Abies bdlwiiiicii L. and A, froscri Pursh.

The type was collected by Win. Heutenmuller in the spruce
forest on I Mack Mountain, X. Car.

238 (8472). PISSODES STROBI Peck, Mass. Agr. Journ., IV, 1817, 205.
Oblong-oval. Dark to light brown, the hind spots of elytra forming

an almost continuous band across apical third,
this yellowish on sides, paler toward suture;
thorax with several small round spots. Beak
shorter than thorax in male; equal to it in fe-
male, finely and densely punctate. Thorax as
broad at base as long, sides parallel on basal
half, narrowed in front of middle, disc densely
and finely rugose-punctate. Elytra wider than
thorax, sides parallel to beyond the hind spot,
then converging and compressed to apex; striae
distinctly punctured; third and fifth intervals
moderately elevated. Length 4.5 — 6 mm. (Fig.
63.)

Xot known from Indiana but probably
occurs rarely in the State, as the white
pine is found in a few counties. Ranges
from New lOn^land, where it is common,
Fig. 63. (After Hopkins.) to Pennsylvania and Mississippi and

TRir.IO IV. 1'ISSODIXI. 181

northwest to Michigan, Minnesota and over the eastern half
of Canada. Known as the "white pine weevil," the eggs
being laid in the bark of terminal shoots, especially those of
saplings, the larvne burrowing under the bark, completely sepa-
ratin<>' it and causing the death of the terminal. Infests also the

^ "

pitch and Labrador pines, Finns ri<ii<la Mill and /' iJimnnitn
Ait, and the red and Norway spruces, Piccn rubcii* and P. e.ccclsa
L. Very injurious to the white pine, much less so to the other
species.

239 (- -). PISSODES APPROXIMATE Hopk., 1911, 33, 49.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown to nearly black, the hind spots of elytra
separated, the yellow one smaller, the white one extending over the second
interval. Beak longer and more slender than in strobi. Thorax not
distinctly narrower than elytra, its punctures rather coarse. Third interval
of elytra broad, flattened, moderately rugose. Length 4.3 — 6.7 mm.

One specimen in the Stein collection, labelled Indiana. Range
very nearly the same as that of strobi. Attacks the same pines,
as does the latter, and also the yellow, red, scrub and table moun-
tain pines, Finns ecJtin<it<i Mill. P. resinosa. Ait., P. rirginiana
Mill, and /-*. pnngcns Michx. ; occurring not in the terminal shoots
but in the thick bark on the trunks, stumps and logs and the base
of saplings. Commonly confused in collections and literature with
strobi, but distinguished by its average larger size, the sides of
elytra more narrowed behind and their spots always smaller.

240 (- -). PISSODES XEMOREXSIS Germ., 1824, 318.

Oblong. Pale brown to nearly black, the hind spots of elytra much as
in strobi but slightly smaller, the white ones extending to the first interval.
Beak slender, distinctly longer than thorax in both sexes. Elytra as wide
at base as thorax, the third and fifth intervals rather narrow and strongly
elevated. Length 4.9 — 7.7 mm.

Duuedin, Fla., Feb. 2(>. Clayton, Ga., June. A southern
species, ranging from Maryland, Kentucky and southern Missouri,
south to Florida and west to eastern Texas. Occurs on the yellow7,
scrub, long-leaved and loblolly pines, attacking the thick bark
on trunks of dying and felled trees, stumps, base of saplings, etc.,
but apparently not especially injurious. This species was long
confused with P. strobi, but has much longer and more slender
beak, and a different range and habits. From <i/>]>r<>.rintatiis it
may be known by its longer beak and by the sides of elytra more
distinctly converging behind the base. Treated as a synonym of
strobi in the Biologia.

182 SUBFAMILY" X. - CURCULIONINJE.

241 (- -). PISSODES DEODARS Hopk., 1911, 34, 52.

Elongate-oblong, slender. Pale grayish-brown, the hind brown spot
of elytra very small. Beak longer than thorax in both sexes. Thorax
slightly narrower than elytra, the latter with sides nearly parallel, in-
tervals 3 and 5 but slightly elevated. Length 4.2 — 5.8 mm.

Known only from Georgia, where it attacks the living-
brandies. tops and terminals of Ccflrns tlcodora, the introduced
deodar cedar. From P. nemorcitxis it is known by its average
smaller size, longer beak, less elevated elytra! intervals and more
parallel sides of elytra, as well as by its habit and host plant.

242 (- -). PISSODES FISKEI Hopk., 1911, 35, 59.

Oblong. Dark brown, elytra without front brown spot but with a
broad posterior one. Thorax with discal punctures well separated and hind
angles rounded. Elytra at base as wide as thorax, intervals 3 and 5
strongly elevated, convex, rugose; strial punctures small. Length 4.2 — 5.2
mm.

Recorded only from Xew Hampshire1, where it occurs in the
thick bark on the logs, stumps and trees of the spruces, Picca
and P. iimr'unia Mill.

243 (- -) PISSODES NIGBJE Hopk., 1911, 35, 59.

Oblong. Dark brown, elytra with small or obscure front spots and
distinct yellowish to white posterior ones situated towards the middle.
Beak longer than thorax, the latter short, broad, with rounded sides, its
hind angles rounded. Elytra as wide as thorax, intervals 3 and 5 flattened,
their rugosities fine; strial punctures coarse. Length 4.4 — 5.6 mm.

Occurs in northern New England, Xew York and Pennsyl-
vania on the black spruce, Picca iiiarniini Mill, the larva? attack-
ing the dying bark on the trunks of small trees.

244 (- — ). PISSODES PUNCTICOLLIS Hopk., 1911, 35, 60.

Elongate-oblong. Pale reddish-brown; elytra with small front spots
on fourth intervals and large posterior ones just behind the middle.
Thorax longer than wide, its punctures irregular. Elytral intervals with
fine rugosities, 3 and 5 slightly elevated and flattened; strial punctures
rather coarse. Length 4.2 — 6.1 mm.

Known only from West Virginia, where it occurs on the red
spruce, Picca miens, in the dying bark on felled and standing
trees.

245 (8477). PISSODES BOTUXDATUS Lee., 1876, 143.

Elongate-oblong. Black; elytra with small white spots behind the
middle, rarely with smaller front ones. Thorax with sides and hind angles
rounded; punctures dense, regular. Elytra with third interval very broad,
both it and fifth elevated; strial punctures irregular. Length 6 — 7.3 mm.

TRIBE IV. I'ISSOIUNI. ISM

Occurs about Lake Superior, iu Michigan, Wisconsin, Massa-
chusetts and Canada. Its food plant not definitely known but
probably the spruces, Picca <-<i>ia<l<'iixis Mill and /'. nibfux.

246 (8476). PISSODES DUBIUS Rand., 1838, 24.

Oblong. Black; elytral spots small and obscured by numerous scat-
tered white or yellow scales. Beak about as long as thorax; the latter
narrower than elytra, its disc convex, its punctures irregular, not dis-
tinctly separated, hind angles obtuse. Length 4.8 — 5.7 mm.

Ranges from Ontario and Maine to Michigan on the balsam
fir, Allies balsa men L., the larva1 occurring in thick living and
dying bark of stumps and trees.

247 (- -). PISSODES FRASEBI Hopk., 1911, 36, 63.

Closely allied to P. dubius, from which it is distinguished by its
large size, very long beak and moderately convex thorax, with basal
and oblique subdorsal impressions. Length 4.6 — 9.1 mm. (Fig. 1.)

Occurs in the mountains of North Carolina on Eraser's bal-
sam fir, Abies frascri Fursh., the lame in the thick living and
dying bark of living and partly dead trees.

248 (8475). PISSODES AFFINIS Rand., 1838, 24.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Dark reddish-brown to black, thorax with
small scattered patches of yellowish scales; elytra with or without faint
front spots, but with distinct transverse spots of white or yellow scales
on apical third. Beak as long as thorax, slender. Thorax as wide at
base as long, sides parallel from base to middle, thence strongly rounded
to the much narrower apex, hind angles rectangular; disc rather coarsely
and very densely punctate, with a narrow smooth median line. Elytra
one-fifth wider at base than thorax, its intervals all of equal convexity
and elevation; strial punctures rather coarse. Length 5.5 — 8 mm.

Monmouth, Maine, June 20 ; Ithaca, N. Y., May 20. Ranges
from Newfoundland and New England to Wisconsin and Min-
nesota. Occurs on the white pine, P-iniis stroll us L., in the thick
bark on the stumps.

Tribe V. HYLOBIINI.

Rather large, dark colored species having the eyes transverse,
not contiguous beneath ; mandibles with two apical teeth, the
lower one a. little shorter, and in addition a cusp on the inner
edge, so that they are in reality three-toothed ; mentum transverse,
labial palpi large; beak stout, the antenna1 inserted in front of
middle; funicle 7-jointed, club oval, pointed, ringed and wholly
pubescent and sensitive; prosternum broadly emarginate and

184 STT.FAMILY x. — CT-RCULIONIN.E.

produced towards the sides; ventral segments of abdomen un-
equal, the first, second and fifth longer; front coxa? contiguous;
legs stout, the tibia* compressed, armed with a strong tooth at
tip, the articular surface on the side; terminal edge of hind tibia*
double, the corbel or space which they enclose, narrow except in
PacJii/loliius, where it is very large and wide; third joint of tarsi
dilated, spongy beneath ; claws simple, diverging.

The members of the tribe are known as "bark weevils" and
they and their larvae do much damage to pine, fir, spruce and
other coniferous trees. The eggs are deposited by the female in
cavities excavated by the beak in the inner bark of the host tree.
The larva?, which are elongate, cylindrical, yellowish-white foot-
less grubs, infest both living and partly dead trees, deriving their
food from the inner bark, eating as they move slowly forward.
In this way they form long winding galleries in the inner bark,
and oftentimes grooves in the outer wood, these galleries or
grooves ending in cells in which pupation takes place. The adults
of some species emerge from the bark and hibernate in the ground,
while others pass the winter in the bark.

KEY TO GENERA OF HYLOBIIXI.

a. Mesosternum very short, depressed, only the process lying in the
same plane as the metasternum; thorax longer than wide, not nar-
rower than elytra; femora toothed. I. PARAPLIXTHUS.
aa Mesosternum moderately long; thorax usually wider than long,
ft. Tibiae short and thick, their outer apical angle dilated.

II. PACHYLOIM is.

6&. Tibiae of usual form, their outer apical angle not dilated.
c. Femora club-shaped, strongly toothed.

(7. Body with spots of fine pubescence; tibiae not narrowed toward
the tips. III. HYLOISM s.

dd. Body with spots composed of small scales; tibiae narrowed to-
ward the tips. IV. HEILIIM s.
cc. Femora feebly club-shaped, not toothed.

e. Elytra oval, convex; eyes small. V. HYPOMOLYX.

ee. Elytra elongate, parallel; eyes large. VI. En>oci:urs.

I. PARAPLIXTIIT-S Faust, 1S!>± (Or., "near" -)- Plinthns. i

Beak as long as thorax, rather slender, distinctly curved; an-
tenna1 inserted at apical fourth; first and second joints of funicle
subequal, each, one-half longer than those which follow; proster-
num slightly emarginate in front; first and second ventral seg-
ments each as long as third and fourth united, their suture deep
on the sides, obsolete at middle, their centers broadly excavate in
male; femora feebly clavate; tibia' rather long, curved near apex.
Our single species does not agree with the generic characters of

TR1P.K V. 1IVLOBIIXI. IS.")

x as set forth by Reitter (1S!»T, (ill in that the first
;iiid second ventrals are not separated throughout Imt are united
at middle. However we follow Fisk in placing it under that
genus until a careful strnlv of all allied forms can be made.

r"1 -

249 (- -). PARAPLIXTIITS SHERMAN i Fisk, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., VIII,
1906, 31.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown; above sparsely
clothed with elongate, yellowish scales, forming obscure irregular mark-
ings on the elytra. Beak feebly tricarinate, foveate between the antennae,
coarsely punctate; front with a small, deep fovea. Thorax one-fourth longer
than wide, widest at middle, sides broadly rounded; disc with a narrow me-
dian carina and numerous coarse shining tubercles. Elytra not wider at base
than middle of thorax, humeri small, rounded; striae indistinct, marked by
coarse punctures, these separated by slightly elevated tubercles; intervals
each with an irregular row of tubercles, more strongly developed on the
alternate ones, which are also distinctly elevated. Length 6.5 — 6.8 mm.

Pisgah Ridge, Transylvania Co., X. C., at an elevation of be-
tween 5,000 and (1,000 feet. Highlands and Grandfather Moun-
tain, X. C., June. Occurs on the under side of freshly cut spruce
chips lying on the ground.

II. PACIIYLOBIUS Lee., 1870. (Gr., "thick" + "lobe.")

Beak as long as thorax, rather stout, not curved, feebly im-
pressed between the eyes, slightly widened at tip; antennal
grooves reaching the front margin of middle of eyes; antennae
si oul, scape not quite reaching the eyes, first and second joints
of funicle each one-half longer than 3 — 7, which are short and
gradually broader; mandibles flattened, the lower tooth of the
other genera the front one here; prosternum broadly emarginate
in front and fringed with long yellow hairs; femora clavate, be-
neath deeply sinuate and strongly toothed; tibia- short, suddenly
widened, strongly sinuate above the middle, expanded at tip so
that the corbels are very wide.

250 (8478). PACHYLOBIUS PICIVORUS Germ., 1824, 311.

Elongate-oblong, robust, Dark brown, very sparsely clothed with short,
prostrate white, yellowish or reddish-brown hairs which form small distant
patches on the alternate intervals of elytra. Thorax one-fourth wider
than long, sides parallel on basal half, feebly convergent in front of middle,
slightly constricted behind apex; disc densely marked with short concentric
ridges, between which are coarse punctures bearing minute prostrate hairs;
a narrow median line smooth. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, base
truncate, sides subparallel to apical third, thence converging to the
rounded apex; striae shallow, cheir punctures oblong; intervals flat, densely
rugose-granulate. Length 9 — 11 mm.

186 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

Lake and Yigo counties, hid., rare; May 20 — September 19.
Not rare in the pine barrens of New Jersey, May to October;
Yapliank, Long Island. Ormond, Sanford, Sarasota and Dnnedin,
Fla., Jan. 14 — April 4; one on flower of thistle Feb. 14. Ranges
from Labrador. Ontario and New England to Arkansas and
Florida. Known as the "pitch-eating weevil," the larvae boring
into the inner bark of stumps and roots of recently felled
dying and injured pine. Often found at light. Htjloliius stupid us
Boh. is a synonym.

III. HYLOBIUS Germ., 1817. (Gr., "wood" -j- "to live in.")

Beak stout, cylindrical, feebly curved; antenna! grooves di-
rected toward the lower part of eyes; mandibles normal in form;
antennae stout, scape barely reaching the eye, joints 1 and 2 of
funicle distinctly longer than the others, the first longer than tlie
second, 3 — G moniliform, seventh much broader, forming part of
club; eyes large, coarsely granulated, transverse, separated by
their own diameters; prosternum as in PacJu_/1obins; tibire rather
slender, sinuate on the inner side, corbels narrow, terminal hook
strong; second and fifth ventral segments each as long as the
.third and fourth united, suture in front of second broadly an-
gulated at middle.

251 (8479). HYLOBIUS PALES Hbst, 1797, 31.

Oblong, robust. Dark reddish-brown; elytra with scattered small tufts
of rather long gray or yellowish hairs, those behind the middle arranged to
form two oblique cross-bars. Head sub-opaque, densely though not coarsely
punctured. Thorax much as in Pachylobius. somewhat shorter and more
depressed, sides slightly more rounded; disc more coarsely punctured and
wrinkled. Disc of elytra distinctly flattened, striae with large, oblong
punctures; intervals rather narrow, flat, rugose-punctate. Abdomen sparse-
ly and rather finely punctate. Length 7 — 10 mm.

Lake and Marion Counties, Ind., rare; July 3 — August 1G.
Ranges from Nova Scotia, Quebec and Xew England to Lake
Superior, south to Florida. Occurs in and beneath the bark of
pine, the larvie destroying the inner bark and the tender, newly
formed wood beneath, thus often doing much damage to pine
forests. Harris (18G2, 70) states that in Massachusetts the adults
"may be found in great abundance, in May and June, on board
fences, the sides of new wooden buildings, on the trunks of pine
trees and under the bark of the pitch pine." It also comes to
light.

TRIBE V. HYLOBIINI. 187

252 (8480). HYLOBIUS CONFUSUS Kirby, 1S37, 196.

Closely resembles small forms of the preceding. Head more shining,
less densely and rather more coarsely punctured. Thorax
narrower, less constricted near apex, the punctures less
confluent, the surface less plicate. Pubescence very sparse,
nearly white. Length 6.8 mm.

Litclifield, Conn., July 5. Found near New York
on blackberry blossoms in June. Ranges from Nova
Scotia, Quebec and New England to Lake Superior

Fig. 64, X 3-

(After am] Alaska in the Transition and Boreal Life Zones.

Brehm.)

TV. HEILIPUS Germ., 1824. (dr., "bent" -f "daw.")

Beak longer than thorax, cylindrical and more curved than in
HyJobins; antennal grooves ending at a greater distance from the
mouth; seventh joint of funicle distinct from the club; tooth of
femora much larger and broader; tibia- compressed, bent inwards,
much less sinuate on the inner side; first ventral suture deeper
and more strongly angulated at middle. The genus is represented
by many species in Tropical America, and by a large and hand-
some black one in the Southern States.

253 (8481). HEILIPUS APIATUS Oliv., 1807, 171.

Oblong. Black, a broad angulated white stripe on each side of thorax,
a very irregular one with numerous small white spots on elytra and a
row of similar yellowish spots on each side of abdomen; these spots and
stripes formed of small, round white scales, not hairs. Eyes approximate
in front. Thorax oblong, narrowed in front; disc subdepressed, rather
sparsely and coarsely rugose punctate, and with an abbreviated smooth
median line. Elytral striae with large distant punctures; intervals strong-
ly, transversely rugose. Length 14 — 16 mm.

Enterprise, Fla., Sept. 27. Tennessee, on budding shoots of
sassafras (Bury). Georgia and Florida, rare, under pine bark
(LcConte}. Occurs also in French Guiana. H. sqnamosus Lee.
is a synonym.

V. HYPOMOLYX Lee., 1870. (Gr., "toothed" + "beneath.")

Beak as long as thorax, rather stout, slightly curved, coarsely
punctured with deep, triangular groove on side in front of eyes
and three faint carina? above; antennal grooves extending to
lower edge of eyes; first and second joints of funicle subequal,
longer, 3 — 0 rounded, shorter, seventh broader and larger; thorax
without postocular lobes; prosteruum as in Pachylobius ; fifth
ventral but little longer than fourth ; femora scarcely club-shaped,
sinuate near tip, not toothed ; tibia* slender, feebly sinuate, the
apical hook strong. One species occurs in the Boreal Life Zone.

1 ss srr.FAMiLi* x. — rrurruoxixjE.

254 (8482). HYPOMOLYX PICEUS DeG., 1775, 221.

Elongate-ovate, broader behind. Blackish-piceous, somewhat shining;
thcrax thinly clothed with coarse prostrate hairs; elytra thickly mottled
with small tufts of yellowish hair. Thorax rather small, subserrate on
the sides; disc carinate in front, very coarsely punctate and with a deep
fovea each side the carina. Elytra! striae marked with large, deep, elongate
punctures; intervals densely and coarsely granulate-punctate. Length
12.5 — 13.5 mm.

Mt. Marcy. X. V., Ot-t. 1. Kattg-os from. New England, Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland to northern Michigan, Siberia and Eu-
rope. Occni-s in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, June,
Jn\j, and the Adirondaeks of New York. //. jtincti Fa~b. and H.
/ihiicold Couper are synonyms..

VI. EUDOCIMUS Schon., 1S36. (Gr., "marked" + "excellently.")

Beak cylindrical, nearly straight, as long as thorax; antennal
grooves reaching middle of front of eyes ; first and second joints of
fimicle elongate, equal, 3 — 7 shorter, gradually a little wider;
second ventral equal to the third and fourth united, its front
suture nearly straight; femora unarmed; tibia? straight, not com-
pressed, the terminal hook strong. The genus contains one large,
conspicuous species.

255 (8483). EUDOCIMUS JIANXKKIIEIMII Boh., Schon., 1836, 241.

Elongate-oblong, subdepressed above. Black, rather thickly clothed
with small brown scales; sides of thorax striped with pale and elytra with
three or four small but conspicuous pale spots on fourth interval, which
is also clouded with black. Thorax slightly wider at base than long, sides
moderately rounded; disc coarsely rugose-punctate and with a narrow
smooth median line. Elytra a little wider than middle of thorax, rather
deeply striate; the punctures each closed by a yellowish scale; intervals
flat. Length 10.5—15 mm.

Lake Worth and Crescent City, Florida. Ranges from New
York to Georgia and Louisiana. Recorded from various points
in New .Jersey and near Washington, D. C. Hopkins (1904-b, 34)
states that it is known as the "cypress weevil ;" the adults feeding
on the bark of the twigs of bald cypress, Tii.roilitiin distich nut L.,
causing their death. 'while the larvje mine the inner bark of in-
jured and recently felled trees.

Tribe VI. HORMOPINI.

This tribe comprises a single medium sized species having the
ryes very large, transverse and coarsely granulated, widely sepa-
rated above, but nearly contiguous beneath; beak stout, somewhat
flattened, shorter than thorax; antenme inserted near its tip.

TRIBE VI. HOKMOriXI. 189

their grooves deep, oblique, suddenly and acutely flexed beneath,
where1 they form a dee]), transverse excavation in front of the
eyes; scape long, slender, slightly elavate, first joint of fuuide
equal to the four following, '2 — 7 short, club small, oval, pubes-
cent, annulated; first and second ventral segments longer than
the others, third and fourth short, fifth broadly rounded behind,
as long as the two preceding united; legs short, stout, femora
thick, not elavate nor toothed; tarsi dilated, spongy beneath, the
third joint bilobed : claws small, approximate.

I. HORMOPS Lee., 1870. | Gr., "connected" + "eye.")
256 (8958). HORMOPS AHDUCE^S Lee., 1876, 321.

Dark reddish-brown, shining, thinly clothed with long yellow prostrate
hairs. Head and beak densely punctured. Thorax wider than long,
rounded on the sides, feebly constricted near tip, broadly rounded at base,
strongly but not very coarsely or densely punctured, without trace of
dorsal smooth line. Elytra wider than thorax, feebly emarginate at base,
sides feebly rounded, tips conjointly broadly rounded; disc somewhat
flattened, stria? well impressed, slightly punctured; intervals nearly flat,
punctate. Beneath strongly and densely, the last ventral more finely,
punctate. Length 4 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., May 13; one specimen beaten from
dead branch. The type and only other known specimen was taken
by Hubbard and Schwarz at ('apron, Florida, in April.

Tribe VII. ERIRHININI.

This tribe embraces a large group of small species having the
mandibles 3-toothed, separated by two notches, the middle tooth
more prominent; mentum small, not transverse; anteuual grooves
beginning at a distance from tip of beak and usually curving
obliquely downward ; scape of antennae long and slender, funicle
either G- or T-jointed, club oval, ringed, usually entirely sensitive;
metasternuni as long as first ventral segment; front coxa? con-
tiguous, hind ones widely separated, narrower on the outer side
and reaching almost to the elytral margin ; ventral segments un-
equal, the third and fourth united usually about equal to the
second or fifth; legs rather slender, femora not toothed (except
in Doi'i/toiinis) , tibia? truncate and usually mucronate at tip;
claws not or broadly toothed. Most of the species occur on plants
near water, though the larva1 of some infest the seeds of sun-
flowers and other wild plants, few of them as yet being especially
injurious to the farmer. The tribe is represented in the Eastern
United States by 18 genera, which, for convenience of treatment,
are separated into four subtribes.

The following are the principal papers treating of the North
American species of the tribe :

190

SUBFAMILY X. CURCTJLIONINJE.

Casey, T. L.— "Erirhinini," in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892,

360—411.
Diets, W. G. — "Revision of the Genera and Species of Desmori

of North America," in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. XXI, 1894,

113.

A

Tto.

Fig. 65. Structures of Erirhinini. a, Antenna of Notaris puncticollis; b, antenna of
Euclyptns testacens; c, front tibia of same: d, abdomen of same; e, claw of same; /,
under side of head of Dcsmoris, showing eyes widely separated beneath; g, same of
Smicronyx showing eyes narrowly separated; h, antenna of Pachyphcmcs showing large
antennal club: i, same of Smicrotiy.v showing small club; j hind tibia of Pachvphanes
amffiiiis; k, same of Dcsmoris scapalis ; I, tarsus of Pachyphanes lineolatus; in, beak of
Smicronyx impressirostris; n, same of S. corniciilatns, male; o, same of 5. griseus.
(After Dietz.)

KEY TO EASTERN SUETRIBES OF ERIRHIXIXI.

a. Body normally scaly or pubescent, not covered with a waterproof

crust.

&. Eyes distant from front margin of thorax, separated from the
latter by a space equal to or greater than their own diameters.

I. DERELOMI, p. 190.
bb. Eyes contiguous to front margin of thorax, often partly covered by

the latter in repose.

c. Beak not constricted at base; claws divergent. II. ERIRHIXI, p. 193.
cc. Beak constricted at base (i. e. sharply separated from head by a
transverse line) (Fig. 65, m., n.. o.) ; claws connate or approxi-
mate. III. SMICROXYCHI, p. 201.
aa. Body covered with a dense, varnish-like, waterproof coating of scales.

IV. HYDROXOMI, p. 221.

Snbtribe I. DERELOMI.

This subtribe, as here included, is equivalent to the tribe Dere-
lomini of LeConte, and his group Eugnomi of the Erirhinini.
It comprises small oblong, almost or wholly glabrous species hav-
ing the beak long, slender, cylindrical ; head more or less pro-
longed behind the eyes, the latter small, coarsely granulated; an-
tenna1 inserted about one-fourth from tip of beak, scape slender,
reaching the eyes; funicle 7- join ted ; first, second and fifth ven-
tral segments long, third and fourth united not equal to second

TRII'.E VII. ERIRHIXIXI. 191

(Fig. 65, d) ; femora not toothed; tibite unarmed, truncate at tip;
tarsi spongy beneath, third joint broad, deeply bilobed ; claws
with a broad obtuse tooth at base (Fig. 65, e.)

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBTKIBE DERELOMI.

o. Body wholly glabrous; prosternum very long in front of coxae; thorax
of male with a short oblique tooth on sides near apex.

I. DERELOMUS.

aa. Body very finely and sparsely pubescent; prosternum much shorter
in front of coxae; ihorax unarmed on sides. II. EUCLYPTUS.

I. DERELOMUS Schon., 1826. (Gr., "fringe" -f "neck.")

Beak projected forwards; antennal grooves passing obliquely
to the lower edge of eyes ; first joint of funicle stouter and as long
as the next two, 2 — 7 gradually slightly broader, club elongate,
pointed, pubescent; thorax quadrate, suddenly narrowed to tip
which is constricted; elytra scarcely wider than thorax, sides
parallel, tips conjointly rounded, covering the pygidiuui ; front
coxae narrowly separated. Our species are listed under the name
Notoloiiiux, of which LeConte wrote (1876, 222) : ''agrees en-
tirely with DereloniKS in appearance, but differs by the nearly
contiguous front coxse and broadly toothed claws." Champion
has united the two in the Biologia.

KEY TO SPECIES OF DERELOMUS.

a. Larger, 2 — 4 mm.; second joint of funicle longer than third; reddish-
brown, the head and thorax usually wholly or in part black.

257. BICOLOR.

aa. Smaller, less than 2 mm.; second and third joints of funicle sub-
equal; nearly uniform pale brownish-yellow, elytra usually with
a faint oblique bar near base. 258. BASALIS.

257 (8708). DERELOMUS BICOLOR Lee., 1876, 222.

Reddish-brown; head, beak, thorax and scutellum usually black;
elytra with two faint transverse bands slightly darker; legs and anten-
nae paler. Beak as long as thorax, slightly curved, finely and densely
punctured. Thorax as wide as long, sides parallel for three-fourths their
length, then rapidly converging to apex; disc alutaceous, finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Elytra with rows of feebly impressed punctures; inter-
vals nearly flat, minutely and rather thickly punctate. Length 2.3 — 4 mm.

Jupiter, Fla., May 5. Enterprise, Xew Smyrna and < 'apron,
Fla., April and May, on the blossoms of the cabbage palmetto.
Of the four specimens at hand from Jupiter, three have the head
and beak reddish-brown, the thorax black, while the other is
wholly reddish-brown, y. ini/rirtr Lee. (1876, 418) was based on
a form of bicolor having the elytra maculate with brown and the
thorax a little more strongly punctate.

I!)!' SUBFAMILY X. - CURCULIONIXJE.

258 (8710). DERELOMUS P.ASA i. is Lee., 1876, 222.

Oblong, slender, subdepressed. Pale brownish-yellow, head and
beak slightly darker; thorax rarely with a broad dorsal brown stripe;
elytra each usually with an oblique dark band commencing near base of
third interval and running to suture. Beak slender, curved, finely punc-
tured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, strongly constricted near tip,
finely alutacecus, minutely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra with
rows of fine, unimpressed punctures; intervals more finely and rather
densely punctate. Male with beak as long as thorax, the sides of latter
with a distinct cusp in front of middle. Female with beak longer, more
slender, the sides of thorax more strongly converging, not angulate in
front of middle. Length 1.6 — 1.8 mm.

Abundant through central and northern Florida; Ormond,
Stanford, Dnnedin and Sarasota, Jan. 10 — Dec. 3. Mobile, Ala-
bama, June 13. Tybee and Honey Islands, Georgia, April 20—
June 1. Occurs on the blossoms of the cabbage and saw pal-
mettoes, and especially on those of a dwarf pa paw,
ifJorfi Miehx.. in February and March.

IT. EUCLYPTFS Dietz, 1801. (Or., "well" -f "sculptured.")

Beak slender, about as long as head and thorax, strongly
curved, neither striate nor carinate; antenna 1 grooves linear, di-
rected against the middle of eyes; fnnicle pubescent, first joint
clavate, as long as the next four, second slightly longer than
third, 3 — 7 wider than long; club obovate, its first joint larger
than the others combined ; ventral segments very unequal, first and
second rather long, third and fourth very short, combined
scarcely equalling second, fifth as long or longer than third and
fourth united (Fig. 65, & — c. ) Fall, who has recently reviewed the
genus (1013, 43), ascribes to it six species, two of which are
known from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF EUCLTPTUS.

a. Larger, 2 mm.; fifth ventral as long as second and third united;
elytra separately rounded at apex, the pygidium freely exposed.

259. TESTACETJS.

00. Smaller, 1.5 mm.; fifth ventral shorter, as long as third and fourth
united; pygidium feebly exposed. 260. FEI;IU"GIXEUS.

259 (11,045). ErcLYi-Ti-s TESTACEI s Dietz. 1891, 272.

Elliptic. Pale brownish-yellow, almost glabrous. Beak shining,
finely and very sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly flattened, wider than
long, sides and base broadly rounded, disc with an ill-defined smooth
dorsal line, rather closely and finely punctured. Elytra elongate, wider at
base than thorax, striae impressed, punctures moderate, close-set; intervals
scarcely convex, slightly roughened. Length 2 mm.

TRIBE VII. ERIRHIXIXI. 193

Described from a single female from Buffalo, N. Y. ''In ap-
pearance it resembles the common ~Xotolo»uis ha sails Lee. of
Florida, without, however, the dark basal spot of the elytra."
(Diet-.)

260 (8564). EUCLYPTUS FERKUGINEUS Lee., 1876, 174.

Oblong-oval. Uniform reddish-brown, very sparsely and finely pubes-
cent. Beak slender, longer than thorax, moderately curved, sparsely and
finely punctured. Thorax at middle slightly wider than long, gradually
narrowed in front, sides broadly rounded; disc feebly constricted near
apex, finely and rather densely punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider
than thorax, one-half longer than wide, humeri rounded; strife deep, their
punctures large, close-set; intervals slightly convex, very finely and
sparsely punctate, the punctures bsaring long, recurved prostrate yellow-
ish hairs. Length 1.5 mm.

Highlands and Auglesea, New Jersey; June — July. Known
elsewhere from Iowa, District of Columbia and Florida. Usually
listed as a Plujllotrox, but Fall. loc. cit., has pointed out that its
characters agree more closely with those of the present genus.

Subtribe II. ERIRHINI.

In this group of genera the beak is long, usually slender ; an-
teunal grooves directed against the eyes, not converging beneath ;
scape nearly or quite reaching the eye, first, and usually the
second, joint of funicle longer than the others; legs slender, tibiae
truncate at tip and feebly mucronate ; tarsi spongy beneath, third
joint dilated and bilobed, last joint long, claws simple.

KEY TO GENERA OF SUBTRIBE ERIRHINI.

«. Femora toothed; prosternum not emarginate. III. DORYTOMUS.

cm. Femora not toothed; prosternum emarginate in front.

b. Body densely clothed with scales. IV. GRYPIDIUS.

1)1). Body pubescent or glabrous.

c. Antennas inserted at apical third of beak; joints 1 and 2 of funicle

subequal in length. V. NOTARIS.

cc. Antennae inserted near tip of beak; second joint of funicle one-half

shorter than first. VI. PROCAS.

III. DORYTOMUS Steph., 1831. (Or., "lance" + "joint.")

Oblong or oblong-oval species of medium size, having the body
more or less flattened above ; thorax narrower than elytra, usually
suddenly narrowed and more or less constricted in front, with-
out postocular lobes; body sparsely clothed with short, coarse,
prostrate hairs (rarely scales), which are usually much mottled
in hue; femoral teeth usually small, sometimes difficult to see
even on front femora. The species usually occur on willow, are
confused in most collections and are very difficult to separate.

194 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXINJ3.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DORYTOMUS.

a. Form larger, more robust, length 4.5 or more mm.; beak very long,

striate, antennae inserted near its middle in female.
b. Tooth of front femora small, acute.

c. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured, not constricted near apex;

front legs elongated in male. 261. MUCIDUS.

cc. Thorax coarsely, not densely punctured, distinctly constricted near

apex; front legs not elongated in male. 262. J.ATICOLLIS.

bb. Tooth of front femora much larger; dark reddish-yellow, variegated

with darker spots; beak and thorax densely punctate.

263. PARVICOLLIS.

aa. Form smaller, narrower; length less than 4.2 mm.; beak shorter,
stouter, more nearly straight ; antenna; inserted near apical third in
both sexes.

cl. Body sparsely covered with rather coarse hairs which, except in
brevicollis, are more or less condensed to form spots or stripes on
elytra.
e. Thorax distinctly constricted behind the apex.

/. Elytra without distinct pale stripes; thorax one-half wider than

long.

g. Head with a distinct frontal fovea; elytra not or very indis-
tinctly mottled with pale spots.

/(. Elytra nearly uniform reddish-brown, each with a faint
darker subsutural stripe; femoral tooth small.

264. INDIFFERENS.

liti. Elytra blackish-piecous, sometimes indistinctly mottled with
paler spots; femoral tooth large. 265. BREVICOLLIS.

gg. Head without frontal fovea; elytra distinctly mottled with
pale spots; femoral tooth large. 266. VAGENOTATUS.

ff. Elytra each with a distinct sublateral pale stripe; thorax scarce-
ly wider than long; femoral tooth very small; frontal fovea
small, deep. 267. SUBSIMILIS.

ee. Thorax not or very feebly constricted behind apex.

i. Nearly uniform pale brownish-yellow; pubescence long, coarse;
smaller, 3 — 3.2 mm. 268. KI-FL-.S.

ii. Head and beak piceous or dark reddish-brown; elytra yellow-
ish, each with a broad, darker subsutural stripe; pubescence
short, fine; length 4 — 4.2 mm. 269. FUSCICKPS.

dtl. Body covered with small, elongate scales, which are not or only
vaguely condensed in spots on elytra; those on thorax forming a
broad pale stripe each side. 270. sqrAMosi s.

261 (8529). DORYTOMC.S JirciDrs Say, 1831, 14; ibid, I, 277.

Oblong, flattened above, convex at sides. Dark reddish-brown, thinly
clothed with rather short, prostrate yellowish hairs which are condensed
to form pale spots on the elytra; antennas reddish-brown. Beak very slen-
der, curved, one-half longer than thorax, densely rugose, striate-punctate,
male; nearly twice as long as thorax, less densely more finely punctate,
female. Basal joint of funicle as long as next four together, second as
long as next two. Thorax short, one-half or more wider than long, sides
strongly rounded. Elytra parallel to apical third, thence rounded to tips,

TRIP.E VII. ERIRHIXINI. 1!).")

the strial punctures coarse, deep, close-set; intervals feebly convex, min-
utely punctulate. Length 5 — 6.5 mm.

Lake and Poser counties, Ind., probably throughout the State;
May 11 — June 28. Beaten from willow. Ranges from Canada
and New England to Kansas, south to Georgia and Mississippi.
Breeds in the blossoms of cottonwood and develops rery rapidly.

262 (8530). DORYTOMUS LATICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 164.

Oblong, subcylindrical, less depressed. Piceous-black, sparsely clothed
with short, grayish hairs which form paler spots on elytra. Beak strongly
curved, half the length of elytra, very slender, cylindrical, striate and
coarsely punctured. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides rounded,
suddenly narrowed near tip; disc with deep, rather sparse punctures, dis-
tinctly coarser than in mitcidiis. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than
thorax, sides and strial punctures as in mm-hlitx : intervals flat, finely but
distinctly punctate. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Lake and Marshall counties, Ind. ; scarce. May 7 — June 21.
Found near New York City on poplar and in the wash-up at Rock-
away Beach in June. Ranges from New England and Lake Su-
perior to Iowa. Both it and witc-hliis hare been taken on the
summit of Mt. Washington, N. H.

(- -). DORYTOMUS FBOSTII Sp. 11OV.*

Oblong-oval. Uniform reddish-brown, except the meso- and metasterna
which are black; above very sparsely, beneath more closely clothed with
long, fine, prostrate white hairs. Beak of female as long as head and tho-
rax, carinate, finely and sparsely punctate, antennae inserted at apical two-
fifths. Head finely, not densely punctate; frontal fovea small, deep. Tho-
rax two-thirds wider than long, widest behind middle, sides straight, diverg-
ing on basal third, then rounded and constricted near apex; disc finely,
densely and evenly punctate without trace of median smooth line. Elytra
three times longer than thorax and at base one-third wider than middle of
latter, sides feebly diverging from base to behind middle, then broadly
rounded to apex; disc with rows of rather fine, deep, close-set punctures;
intervals flat, minutely and confusedly punctate. Length 5 mm. (W. S. B.)

Described from a single female taken Oct. 5 by C. A. Frost,
at Framingham, Mass., and now in his collection. Close to D.
aiii]>1<i Casey, described from Colorado, but Col. Casey, who lias
compared it with his type, writes that frostii has a more shining
and more closely punctate thorax, without median smooth line
as in <nni>l<i. and shorter, more posteriorly inflated elytra. Named
in honor of the collector who has furnished us much data regard-
ing the weevils of New England.

263 (10,877). DORYTOMUS PARVICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 367.

Oblong, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, irregularly mottled with pice-

*This species was received too late to give it jimper placement in the key or its con-
secutive serial number.

19G SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

ous-black, thinly clothed with short, pale hairs. Beak of male deeply
striate, coarsely and densely punctate, slightly longer than head and
thorax; of female, two-thirds as long as elytra, more slender, less sulcate.
Basal joint of funicle subequal to the next three combined. Thorax small,
one-half wider than long, sides strongly rounded, abruptly narrowed near
apex; disc rather finely and very densely punctate. Elytra at base one-
third wider than thorax; sides parallel in male, slightly diverging from
base in female; strial punctures deep, rather coarse, close-set; intervals
nearly flat, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Steuben, Marshall and Knox counties, Ind. ; June 8 — July 5.
Occurs also in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Kentucky.

264 (10,884). DoiiYTOMfs IXDIFFEKENS Casey, 1892, 375.

Oblong-oval, rather convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining, the head,
beak, sterna and the elytra towards the middle indefinitely black or pic-
eous; elytral suture always narrowly rufous; tip of beak, legs and antenna?
paler; body sparsely clothed with short, whitish, prostrate hairs, Beak
rather stout, nearly straight, as long as head and thorax in female, slightly
shorter in male; sulcate, coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax one-half
wider than long, sides broadly curved, disc abruptly, not strongly con-
stricted behind the apex, coarsely, deeply and densely punctate. Elytra
at base two-fifths wider than thorax; striae feebly impressed, the punctures
deep and close-set; intervals three times as wide as punctures, minutely
punctate. Length 3 — 4 mm.

Posey County, Indiana, scarce; April 13 — 25. Found at
several localities near New York City, in April and June, rolling
up leaves of aspen, PopHliifs grandidentata Michx. Ranges from
Newfoundland and New York to Iowa and Kansas.

265 (8532). DORYTOIIUS BREVICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 165.

Oblong, rather slender, convex. Blackish-piceous, shining; rather
thickly clothed with whitish hairs which are rarely condensed to form
small, remote spots on elytra; antennas and legs reddish-brown. Beak as
long as head and thorax, finely sulcate, deeply and coarsely punctate.
Thorax one-half wider than long, sides broadly rounded, disc constricted be-
hind the apex, densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra at base
one-third wider than thorax, sides straight and parallel, rounded on apical
third; strial punctures coarse, deep, close-set. Length 3.5 — 1.2 mm.

Lake County, Indiana; Oct. 14. Frequent near New York
City on pussy willow, May and November. Ranges from On-
tario and New York to Minnesota and Vancouver. P>. C.

266 (10,885). DORYTOMUS VAGENOTATUS Casey, 1892, 376.

Oblong, narrow, feebly convex. Piceous-brown, distinctly mottled
with numerous small spots of short whitish hairs; antennas, except club,
tibia?, sides of thorax, humeri, and sometimes an ill-defined narrow sub-
marginal stripe on each elytron pale reddish-brown. Beak as long as head
and thorax, male, one-third longer, female, finely sulcate, deeply and
densely punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides broadly round-

TRIBE VII. ERIRIIIXINI. 197

ed, strongly constricted behind the apex; disc very deeply, densely ancl
rather coarsely punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax,
sides straight and parallel to apical fourth, then obtusely rounded to tips;
striae fine, their punctures rather coarse, deep and close-set; intervals
flat. Length 3.2—3.6 mm.

Marshall County, Indiana; June 24. The type was from that
State. Easily known by its small size, lack of frontal fovea, spots
on elytra and large femoral tooth.

267 (— — ). DoRYTOMi's SCBSIMILIS sp. nov.

Elongate-oblong, slender. Black, very sparsely clothed with fine
whitish hairs which are condensed to form very small scattered spots on
the elytra; antenna?, tarsi, tips of beak and tibia?, and a narrow stripe
along the fifth and sixth intervals of elytra, extending from humerus
to apical fourth, pale reddish-brown. Beak rather stout, as long as thorax,
male, as head and thorax, female, finely striate, densely and coarsely reti-
culate-punctate. Thorax subglobose, scarcely wider than long, sides broad-
ly rounded; disc broadly but distinctly constricted near apex, finely, deeply,
not densely punctate, the intervals between the punctures alutaceous.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, sides parallel to apical fourth,
then converging to the rounded apex; stria? coarse, rather deep, their punc-
tures coarse, close-set; intervals feebly convex. Under surface finely ancl
sparsely punctate. Length 3 — 3.2 mm. (W. S. B.)

Kosciusko County, Indiana, rare; June 5. "Illinois" in Le-
Conte collection. Sherborn, Massachusetts, March 30, (Liljeblad
collection). C. A. Frost states that at Sherborn both this species
and brccii-ollis were found boring the ovaries of willows on the
date mentioned. It was determined for him as vogcnotatus by
Col. Casey, but that author, when additional specimens were sent
him, accompanied by notations of discrepancies in his original
description, wrote that he had compared it with the types of
vagcnotafus and that it was distinct and unknown to him. While
resembling r(i(/cnotatus superficially, it differs in its smaller size,
stouter and shorter beak, distinct frontal fovea, narrower and
more globose thorax, much smaller femoral tooth and distinct
pale stripe of elytra. From brcvicollis it also differs in the last
three characters mentioned.

268 (- -). DORYTOMUS RUFUS Say, 1831, 25; ibid, I, 293.

Oblong, feebly convex. Pale brownish-yellow throughout, rather thick-
ly clothed with coarse, whitish prostrate hairs; elytra sometimes feebly
clouded with brownish toward middle. Beak rather stout, feebly curved,
slightly longer than head and thorax, silicate, densely and coarsely
punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides broadly rounded, more
strongly near apex; disc rather coarsely, deeply and densely punctate.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, parallel, obtusely rounded on
apical third, sutural notch small, deep; strial punctures coarse, deep,
close-set; intervals flat, finely punctate. Femora stout, the tooth very
small. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

198 SUBFAMILY X. - CURCULIOXIXJE.

Knox County, Ind., rare; June 8. Described from Missouri.
Known from Kansas and Mississippi. Easily known by the small
size, uniform pale color and rather coarse hairs. The above de-
scription is that of ntftix as determined by Casey. Bay's descrip-
tion is too brief and we are very doubtful Avhether it is his
species, as he describes it as an Erirliiiuis says nothing of the
femora being toothed, states that the body is covered with num-
erous oblong whitish prostrate scales, gives the length as one-
tenth of an inch ( ii.5 mm.), and states that "the suture is indented
near the scutel, the latter not very obvious,1' characters which do
not agree with Casey's nifus.

269 (10,886). DORYTOMUS FUSCICEPS Casey, 1892, 377.

Oblong, rather broad, subdepressed. Color given in key; sterna pic-
eous; elytra with a few small faint spots of pale hairs. Head densely
punctate and with a small frontal fovea. Beak as long as head and thorax,
sulcate and punctate; first joint of funicle as long as the next three.
Thorax short, three-fourths wider than long, widest at middle, the sides
thence feebly converging to base, more strongly so to apex; disc rather
finely, very densely punctate. Elytra broad, one-third wider and three
times as long as thorax; striae deep, their punctures close-set; intervals
flat, finely and densely punctate. Femoral tooth small, acute. Length
4 — 4.3 mm.

Described from Iowa. Known also from Detroit, Mich., and
in the LeConte collection from New York. Larger and broader
than the preceding, with the dark stripes of elytra distinct and
the subapical constriction of thorax wholly obsolete.

270 (8536). DOKYTOMTS SQUAMOSUS Lee., 1876, 166.

Oblong-convex. Uniform, dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with
yellowish elongate, scale-like hairs. Beak as long as head and thorax, not
striate, finely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly
rounded, feebly but distinctly constricted behind the apex, very deeply,
finely and densely punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax;
strial punctures rather coarse, each bearing a distinct elongate scale; in-
tervals, broad, minutely punctate. Femora rather slender, the tooth
minute. Length 2.7 — 3.5 mm.

Lake County, Ind., scarce; June 24. Known from Illinois,
Kentucky, Kansas, Colorado and Arizona. Breeds in galls which
occur on willow. /•.Y/r.s-r/nf* (ni</itNt<itus Dietz is a synonym.

IV. GRYPIDHS Schon., 182<;. (Or., "curved" + "form.")

Short, broad species having the beak cylindrical, curved; an-
tenna1 inserted at its apical two-fifths, scape slender, not reaching
the eye. first two joints of fnnicle snbequal, each as long as the
next three united; thorax with feeble ocular lobes; scutellnm

TRIBE VII. - KRIRIIIXINI. 199

small, oblong; fifth ventral small, the I bird, fourth and fifth
united but little longer than the second; tibia"' straight, ungulate
near tip, armed with a minute curved spine.

271 (8540). GRYI-IDIUS EQUISETI Fab., 1798, 403.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, above densely clothed with pale gray and
piceous-brown scales, the gray ones forming a broad stripe each side of
thorax and elytra and covering the declivity of the latter; middle of
thorax black, not scaly, antenna?, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
longer than head and thorax, very slender, curved, rather coarsely and
closely punctate, finely carinate. Thorax subglobose, sides broadly round-
ed, apex and base truncate, disc very densely and finely punctate. Elytra
broad, subdepressed, humeri rounded, prominent; sides parallel to the
declivity, thence strongly converging to apex; stria? fine, obsoletely
punctate; intervals broad, flat, the third and fifth elevated behind the
middle to form one or two elongate tubercles. Prosternum scaly; meso-
and metasterna and abdomen glabrous, densely and coarsely punctate.
Length 5 — 6 mm.

Orono, Maine, June 15. Batavia and Sport Island, N. Y.,
June 4 — 24. "A common European species indigenous in Canada,
Kansas, and on the north shore of Lake Superior/' (LcConte.)
Eecorded also from Iowa, Washington and Wyoming.

Y. NOTARIS Germ., 1817.

Species of moderate size having the front margin of proster-
num deeply emarginate ; femora moderately clavate, not toothed ;
postocular lobes of thorax distinct and wide; hind tibia? feebly
mucronate; apical sutures of second, third and fourth ventral
segments very prominent. Two species (formerly placed under
occur in the Eastern States.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF NOTARIS.

a. Surface distinctly but minutely pubescent; thorax densely and coarse-
ly punctate; elytral striae with coarse, deep punctures.

272. PUXCTICOLLIS.

cm. Surface subglabrous, shining; thorax sparsely punctate; stria? with
small, close-set punctures. 273. JETHIOPS.

272 (8543). NOTARIS I-UNCTICOLI.IS Lee., 1876, 163.

Oblong-ovate. Black or dark reddish-brown, very sparsely clothed
with short, prostrate yellowish hairs, which often form a sutural trans-
verse spot behind the middle of elytra. Beak slender, cylindrical, curved,
longer than thorax, coarsely punctate. Antennal club as long as the pre-
ceding four joints (Fig. 65, a.) Thorax subglobose, as long as wide, sides
feebly rounded, disc densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider
than thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel to behind the middle, then
rapidly converging to the obtuse apex: intervals flat, finely and densely
rugose-punctate. Under surface coarsely and densely punctate. Length
4.8—6.5 mm.

200 SrilFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Lake, Laporte, Yigo and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; May 3—
August 26. Taken on the arrow-arum, Pvltandra virginica L.
Found near New York City at Snake Hill, March, April ; on salt
meadows early in spring, and at various localities from May to
September. Ithaca, Batavia and Portage, X. Y. ; March 10 — June
21. Fraininghain, Mass., common under stones along meadows,
April. Ranges from Newfoundland and Quebec to Minnesota,
north of the Ohio River. "Breeds in swamps" (Hamilton} ; per-
haps in the Pcltandra above mentioned, which is a swamp plant.
Webster (Insect Life, YII, 200) has recorded it as attacking
cabbages, gouging great cavities in the stems of young plants and
later attacking the bases of the larger leaves from beneath.

273 (8542). NOTARIS ^THIOPS Fab., 1792, I, 405.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown; head, basal half of beak and great-
er part of under surface piceous. Beak as long as head and thorax, slender,
feebly curved, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider
than long, sides strongly rounded; disc sparsely, deeply and rather
coarsely punctate and with a narrow entire median line. Elytra one-third
wider than thorax, striae deep, intervals feebly convex, each with numerous
scattered minute punctures. Under surface finely and densely punctured.
Length 5.7 — 6 mm.

Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, July 6. A circumpolar
species occurring in Europe, Asia and Canada, ranging from
New England to Lake Superior and Wyoming. N. mono Maun,
is a synonym.

VI. PROCAS Steph., 1831. (A proper name.)

Close to Xotaris. Beak less slender, not longer than thorax,
swollen at tip; antennae inserted at apical fifth, joints 1 — 3 of
funicle obconical, gradually decreasing in length, 4 — 7 rounded,
equal ; club long, pointed ; prosternuni and postocular lobes as in
Notaris; tibiae strongly pubescent, truncate at tip, the hind one
with two small terminal spines.

274 (8544). PROCAS LECOXTEI Bedel, 1879, p. XVIII.

Oblong-oval. Black, opaque, slightly mottled with spots of fine gray
pubescence; antennae, tibi* and tarsi reddish-brown. Head and beak very
densely punctured. Thorax rather small, subglobose, slightly wider than
long, sides strongly rounded, disc narrower and slightly constricted in
front, finely and very densely punctured. Elytra oblong, one-third wider
at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel to apical third; striae
deep, catenate with distant punctures; intervals wide, flat, finely and
densely rugose and subgranulate. Length 5 — 5.3 mm.

TRIBE VII. ERIRHININI. 201

Described as pirijtrx by LeConte from Lake Superior. Known
from Ottawa, Canada. The elytra are shorter, proportionally
broader and more depressed than in the preceding species.

Subtribe III. SMICRONYCHI.

This subtribe, equivalent to the Desniorhines of LeConte and
the Desmori of Dietz, comprises small oval or oblong-oval species
primarily distinguished by the basal constriction of beak and
connate claws, as mentioned in key. In addition they have the
body more or less scaly ; head moderately large, spherical ; eyes
transversely oval, coarsely granulated, separated beneath ; thorax
usually more or less globose, narrowed in front and constricted
behind the apex, the postocular lobes generally distinct; elytra
striate-punctate, wider at base than thorax; prosternum emar-
ginate in front; femora more or less clavate, unarmed; tibiae
with short apical spurs, tarsi slender, the third joint bilobed
(Fig. 65, ;' — I.) In the males the beak is shorter and stouter,
with the antennae usually inserted much nearer tip than in the
females. On account of the great number of species, the small
size and dull colors they constitute one of the most difficult
groups of the entire order, and the following tables and descrip-
tions, based mainly upon those of Casey and Dietz, are not with-
out their faults.

By Casey and others the three genera below given are con-
sidered as one, all species being placed under Smicronyx. While
the characters separating the three may appear trivial, and the
species of Pacliyitliancs and the first group of Sniicromjx seem-
ingly very closely related, yet they will be found to serve the
purpose in lessening the difficulties of handling a very unwieldy
group. Therefore the genera as founded by LeConte, and with
minor changes retained by Dietz, are kept by us.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SMICRONYCHI.

a. Antennal club large, elongate, always distinct from the funicle (Fig.

65, /(..); elytra oval, strongly convex, conjointly at most one-half

longer than wide. VII. PACHYPHANES.

aa. Antennal club small, suboval, often subcontinuous with the funicle

(Fig. 65, i.).

b. Eyes more widely separated beneath; hind tibiae mucronate (Fig.
65, /. ); elytra much as in Pachyphanes ; size usually larger.

VIII. DESMOBIS.

lit. Eyes narrowly separated beneath; all the tibia? hooked or clawed
(Fig. 65, g.. j.) ; elytra, except in the first group, less convex, more
elongate, their sides parallel for one-half or more their length.
(Fig. 66, (L, e.) IX. SMICRONYX.

202 SUBFAMILY x. — CURCULIONINJB.

VII. PACIIYPHANES Dietz, 1894. (Gr., ''thick"-]- "appearance.")

Small but stout convex species having the beak strongly
curved; antenna? inserted two-fifths from apex, male, nearer the
middle, female; second joint of funicle longer than third, 4 — 7
very little wider; tibia* all with distinct spurs. The species are
usually listed under the name Pacl\y1ji<-liins Jek., to which they
were wrongly ascribed by LeConte. Four of the eight recog-
nized by Diet/ occurs with us.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PACIIYPHANES.

a. Fifth elytral interval densely clothed with white scales nearly through-
out its length; first and second joints of funicle elongate, slender,
subequal in length. 275. LIXEOLATUS.

<7rt. Fifth interval not conspicuously scaly; second joint of funicle dis-
tinctly shorter than first. (Fig. 65, h.)

l>. Thorax distinctly narrower than the base of elytra, the latter usually
with a large median subbasal area of darker brown or blackish
scales; fourth joint of front tarsi much longer than third,
c. Scales of elytra white; scutellum not visible; form broader, more
robust; length 3 — 3.5 mm. 276. DISCOIDEUS.

cc. Scales of elytra dirty yellow; scutellum distinct, small, glabrous;
form narrower, more slender; length 2 — 2.8 mm.

277. CORPULENT! s.

bit. Thorax at middle but slightly narrower than base of elytra, its disc
with two white stripes; scutellum distinct but very small; fourth
joint of front tarsi not longer than third. 278. AMCEXITS.

275 (10,891). PACHYPIIAXES LIXEOLATUS Casey, 1892, 385.

Oblong-oval, robust, convex. Black, feebly shining, the bases of third
and seventh intervals of elytra, and the fifth throughout most of its
length, densely covered with white scales; abdomen and thoracic side
pieces also densely scaly; antennae piceous, tibia? reddish-brown. Beak
rather slender, evenly curved, as long as head and thorax, male, three-
fifths as long as elytra, female. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides
broadly rounded, disc broadly constricted near apex, densely and finely
punctate. Elytra at base nearly one-half wider than thorax, humeri
prominent; sides subparallel on basal half, thence strongly converging to
apex; stria? rather fine, deep, their punctures elongate, indistinct; inter-
vals wide, flat. Length 3—3.5 mm. (Fig. 66, b.)

Lake and Marshall counties, Indiana, scarce; May 30 — July
15. Recorded from Illinois, Texas and Missouri. Easily known
by the dull black color, arrangement of scales on elytral intervals
and reddish tibiip. The punctures on the middle of thorax are
transversely ova 1 .

276 (8548). PACHYPIIAXES DISCOIDEUS Lee., 1876, 169.

Oval, robust, convex. Black, everywhere densely clothed with oval,
whitish and pitchy black scales, the latter forming a broad, irregular

TKir.E VII. ERIRHIXINI.

203

median space on thorax and a large subquadrate median area on basal
half of elytra, with a dark spot each side behind the middle, the scales
usually eroded, leaving these dark areas bare; legs dark reddish-brown
to piceous. Beak rather stout, as long as head and thorax, male, two-thirds
as long as elytra, female, densely punctate. Thorax subglobose, two-fifths
wider than long, widest at middle, sides strongly rounded; disc feebly
constricted behind the apex, densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures
concealed by large scales. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, sides
broadly rounded for two-thirds their length then strongly converging to
apex; disc convex, stria3 coarsely punctured, intervals' flat. Length
3—3.5 mm. (Fig. 66, a.)

Fountain County, Indiana, rare; June 10. ISowmanville, Til.,
June 29. Ranges from New York to California, south to Texas.
Schwarz records it (1884, 84) as breeding in the flower-heads of
the fine-leaved sneezeweed, Helen in in tciiitifoliuni Nutt.

Fig. oo. a, Pachyphanes discoideus; b, P. lincolatus; c, Smicroiiy.r sqna/idtis; d, S.
quadrifcr ; c, S. sqiiainiilatns. (After Dietz.)

277 (8549). PACHYPHAXES CORPULENTUS Lee., 1876, 170.

Oval, rather slender. Piceous-black, thickly clothed with elongate-oval,
overlapping clay-yellow scales; elytra usually with a large basal median
area of brown scales as in discoideus: legs red, antenna; and tarsi darker.
Beak as long as head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, male;
three-fifths as long as elytra, almost smooth except near base, female.
Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly rounded, disc finely and
densely punctured. Elytra oval, at base one-third wider than thorax at
middle, humeri prominent; sides parallel to middle, then strongly con-
verging to apex; strife fine, intervals flat. Length 2 — 2.8 mm.

Agricultural College, Miss., July. Known also from Louis-
iana, Arkansas and Texas. The type of /-*. eentrfilis Dietz from
Texas is not separable from corpnlcntn^ by the characters he
gives and we regard it as a synonym.

278 (8547). PACIIYPIIANES AMCENUS Say, 1831, 25; ibid, I, 294.

Broadly oval, convex. Black or piceous, above densely clothed with whit-
ish and dark brown scales; thorax, at least on basal half, with two widely
separated discal stripes and a stripe each side formed of the pale scales;
elytra with humeri, a basal line on third interval and some irregular spots
and wavy lines also pale; antennae and legs reddish-brown; under surface

204 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

thickly clothed with pale scales. Beak stout, longer than head and thorax,
densely scaly, finely striate, rugose-punctate, and with two tufts of scales
at base. Thorax globose, widest at middle, sides strongly rounded, disc
densely and finely punctate. Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax
at middle, humeri prominent, sides broadly rounded and gradually con-
verging to a rounded apex; strise deep, distinctly punctate; intervals flat,
each with a row of minute, suberect setae. Length 2.2 — 2.7 mm.

Putnam County, Ind., scarce; June 5. Various localities near
New York City, July — September. Ranges from New York to
Lake Superior and Dakota, south to the District of Columbia and
Texas. Occurs on dodder (Ulke) ; ragweed (Hamilton} ; sneeze-
weed and horsemint (Pierce}. Confused in collections with S mi-
crony x squalidus and tessellatus but the thorax is much wider
than in either, and its discal stripes always distinct from base
to middle.

Till. DESMORIS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "chain.")

Small robust species having the beak of males stout, nearly
straight, punctured and opaque; of females, much longer, very
slender, filiform, usually polished throughout as in Balaiiinus;
eyes large, trauverse, widely separated beneath ; antennae long
and slender, the second joint of fuuicle longer than the third,
club small, pubescent, or with the basal joint glabrous; elytra
wider than thorax, stria? deep, slightly punctured ; tarsi slender,
third joint broadly bilobed. Five of the 12 species recognized by
Dietz occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF DESMORIS.

a. Larger, 4.2 — 5 mm.; scales grayish-yellow, elytra faintly mottled with

paler brown; antennae inserted one-third from apex, male, or about

the middle, female. 279. SCAPALIS.

aa. Smaller, not over 3.7 mm.; antennae inserted just before the middle,

male, one-third from base, female.

fr. First and second joints of funicle slender, subequal in length; scales
uniform grayish-white; length 2.8 — 3.4 mm. 280. PERVISUS.

bl). First joint of funicle distinctly longer than second.

c. Scales of elytra mottled with brown; thorax not constricted at

apex; form robust. 281. FLORIDAXUS.

cc. Scales uniform gray or grayish-white; thorax constricted behind

the apex.

d. Larger, 3.5 — 3.7 mm.; thorax densely punctate; first joint of fun-
icle one-third longer than second. 282. COXSTRICTUS.
f7f7. Smaller, less than 3.5 mm.; thorax more finely and sparsely
punctate; first joint of funicle three-fifths longer than sec-
ond. 283. SORDIDUS.

TRir.E VII. ERIRHININI.

205

279 (8545). DESMORIS SCAPALIS Lee., 1876, 168.

Oval, convex. Black or dark brown, rather densely clothed above

and beneath with grayish-yellow
scales; those of upper surface oval,
more condensed and forming wavy
transverse markings on the elytra,
those of under surface rounded,
smaller and paler; legs dull red,
femora blackish at base. Beak of
male as long as head and thorax,
densely punctured on basal two-
thirds, more finely toward apex; of
female, one-third longer, more slend-
Fig. 67. Upper and side views, x 6. er- almost straight, polished and

(After Hunter & Hinds.)

very sparsely punctate in front of

antennae. First and second joints of funicle subequal, male, first two-
thirds the longer, female. Thorax as wide as long, sides feebly rounded,
not constricted near apex, male; one-third wider than long, rather strongly
rounded, distinctly constricted near apex, female; disc rather coarsely,
deeply and densely punctate. Elytra oval, at base one-third wider than
thorax, conjointly but little more than one-half longer than wide; sides
parallel in basal half, then gradually curved to the rounded apex; striae
fine, deep, obscurely punctate; intervals wide, flat, the alternate ones
slightly narrower in female. Length 4.2 — 5 mm. (Fig. 67.)

Palos Park, Edgebrook nnd Chicago, 111.; June 4 — August 25.
Summit of Mt. Washington, New Hampshire (Dodge). Known
also from Kansas, Colorado and Texas. According to Pierce
(1907, 263) it occurs in Texas especially on a species of Com-
posite, 8i<lcranthns ntlnginosns T. & G., the adults feeding on
the tender leaf-buds in June and July, and the larvae in the heads
among the achenes. This is our largest species of the subtribe.
As the description shows, the sexes differ not only in the usual
characters of beak, but also in form of thorax and length of an-
tenna! joints. D. com par Dietz is the female.

280 (10,896). DESMORIS PERVISUS Dietz, 1894, 125.

Elongate-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the antennae, legs and
apical third of beak usually paler; above rather sparsely, beneath more
densely, clothed with oval grayish-white scales. Beak slender, cylindrical,
as long as head and thorax, scaly and distinctly punctate from base to
antenna?, naked and nearly smooth beyond, male; one-half longer and pol-
ished beyond antennae, female. Thorax about as wide as long, sides broadly
rounded from base to beyond middle, thence converging to the narrowed
but not constricted apex; disc rather finely, not densely punctate and us-
ually with a narrow, smooth median line on apical two-thirds. Elytra
nearly one-half wider at base than thorax, humeri prominent, base trun-
cate; sides nearly straight to beyond middle, then gradually curved to

201) SU1.5FAMILY X. CU1K 'rLIOXIX.K.

apex; strife as in scapalis ; intervals flat, each with three of four rows of
alternating but not overlapping gray scales, these often in part abraded.
Length 2.8—3.4 mm.

Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, July 21. Palos Park, Illinois, May
30. Recorded from Dakota, Kansas and California. These
records include those of D. iiiccrtus Dietz, an examination of the
type of the latter showing the two species to be identical, as sur-
mised by their author.

281 (10,898). DESMORIS FLORIDANUS Dietz, 1894, 126.

Oval, robust, convex. Piceous, above rather sparsely clothed with
small oval, grayish-white scales; elytra with humeri and base of third in-
terval paler, the disc with dark brownish scales intermixed; under surface
densely scaly; legs paler. Beak of male rather stout, coarsely punctate
and scaly from base to insertion of antennas, smoother and subcarinate be-
yond. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides rounded; disc densely and
rather coarsely punctured and with an abbreviated median smooth line.
Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax; strial punctures distinct;
intervals flat, equal, finely rugose-punctulate. Length 3.7 mm.

Described from two males from Florida in the TJlke collection.

282 (8546). DESMORIS CONSTRICTUS Say, 1823, 313; ibid, II, 176.
Oblong-oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, above rather

sparsely, beneath densely clothed with oblong grayish scales; antenna?,
legs and tip of beak usually dark reddish-brown, often black in male.
Beak of male stout, finely punctate, as long as head and thorax, scaly from
base to insertion of antennas; of female as long as elytra, polished through-
out, glabrous, except near base. Thorax subglobose, as wide as long, widest
at middle, sides broadly rounded, disc densely and rather finely punctate,
with a more or less abbreviated smooth line at middle. Elytra one-third
wider at base than thorax, two-thirds longer than wide, humeri rounded,
sides parallel to middle, then gradually rounded to apex; disc feebly but
distinctly impressed behind the humeri; striae fine, deep, obsoletely punc-
tate; intervals flat, each with a single row of minute inclined seta?. Length
3.5—3.7 mm.

Lake, Starke, Martin and Posey counties, Indiana, scarce;
June 4 — August 23. Smith's list contains New Jersey records
by Diet/, and Bischoff. Ranges from New Jersey to Iowa, Texas,
New Mexico ;m<l California. Known as the "sunflower weevil,"
the larva:1 breeding in the seeds of sunflowers and pupating in
the ground. The beak of female is much longer and less scaly
at base than in iterrixiix; tin1 elytra are shorter and the humeri
less prominent than there.

283 (8559). DESMORIS SORDIDUS Lee., 1876, 173.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely clothed
with rather large oval grayish scales, those of under surface silvery white;
antenna?, legs and tip of beak reddish brcwn. Beak of male scarcely as long

TUIIiK VII. KRIIMIIXIXI. 207

as head and thorax, distinctly tapering, scaly and coarsely punctate except
near apex; of female much more slender, evenly cylindrical, one-half
longer than head and thorax, smooth, polished and naked except near base.
Thorax convex, as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, the apex three-
fourths as wide as base; disc finely and rather sparsely punctate, without
median smooth line. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, not im-
pressed behind the humeri, stria? not obviously punctate, otherwise much as
in constrit-tits. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Highland Park, Chicago, Illinois; Sept. 9. Known elsewhere
from Texas to Arizona. Specimens were compared with the types
in the Cambridge museum.

IX. SMICROXYX Schon., 1843. (Gr., "small" -+- "claw.")

A large genus of small, subovate, robust species having the
beak shorter than in Dcsnioris, strongly constricted at base ; front
scaly; eyes transversely oval, narrowly separated beneath; thorax
usually narrowed in front and constricted near apex, postocular
lobes usually present; scutellum small, distinct; elytra wider at
base than disc of thorax, usually acutely rounded to apex; tarsal
claws connate to a variable extent. More than 60 species of the
genus have been named from the United States, mostly by Casev

ti V «.

and Dietz in the papers cited. Of these, 26, none over 3.5 mm.
in length are known from our territory. The tables of Dietz are
unsatisfactory, especially the characters separating his primary
divisions which, even if well grounded, are very difficult to make
out. We have, therefore, followed for the most part the classifi-
cation of Casey, separating our species into three groups and
modifying his keys in order to include the valid species of Diet/
which were later described.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF SMICROXYX.

a. Elytra more or less distinctly inflated, rounded on the sides, widest

about the middle, conjointly at most one-half longer than wide.

(Fig. 66, c.) GROUP I, p. 207.

aa. Elytra not at all inflated, much longer than wide, parallel at sides

toward base. (Fig. 66, d., e.)

1). Scales of elytra almost uniform in size and density over the entire
surface, either uniform in coloration or more or less mottled.

GROUP II, p. 210.

bl>. Scales of elytra very uneven, condensed in spots or transverse wavy
bands or lines, in which the scales become larger and generally
paler in color. GROUP III, p. 216.

GROUP I.

Strongly convex species with elytra more or less ventricose or
oval, widest about the middle; beak longer than head and thorax.

208 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX^E.

generally robust, male, slender, female; antenna? inserted two-
fifths from apex, males, at middle, females; fourth joint of tarsi
scarcely longer than third, claws very small.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Elytra in great part reddish-brown; thoracic punctures reniform or
sublimate. 284. GIBBIROSTRIS.

cm. Elytra black; thoracic punctures large, rounded.

6. Larger, 2.5 — 3.2 mm.; claws closely approximate, connate beyond the

middle.

c. Thorax much wider than long; scales dark brown or blackish, con-
spicuously mottled with white. 285. SQUALIDUS.
cc. Thorax not or very little wider than long; scales brown, incon-
spicuously mottled with paler. 286. MORIO.
1>1). Smaller, 2 — 2.5 mm.; claws moderately divergent, not connate be-
yond middle.

(1. Thorax wider than long; beak not impressed before the basal con-
striction.

e. Scales larger, mostly grayish-white; setse quite conspicuous; sec-
ond joint of funicle distinctly longer than third.

287. OVIPENXIS.

ee. Scales of elytra dark brown, strongly mottled with white; setse
scarcely visible; second joint of funicle scarcely longer than
third. 288. TESSELLATUS.

(Id. Thorax scarcely wider than long; beak broadly impressed before
the constriction (Fig. 65, m.) ; elytra brownish, indistinctly mot-
tled with paler. 289. IMPRESSIROSTRIS.

284 (10,922). SMICROXYX GIBBIROSTRIS Casey, 1892, 407.

Oval, robust, convex. Black, elytra pale reddish-brown, narrowly
blackish along the suture; legs, except base of femora, reddish-brown;
upper surface sparsely and unevenly clothed with yellowish scales and
fine scale-like hairs, the former more dense on the sides and base of
thorax and in spots and short bars on elytra; under surface rather densely
scaly. Beak of male stout, slightly longer than head and •thorax, feebly
curved, densely punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, the sides
broadly rounded, convergent toward apex, disc densely and finely punctate.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, one-fourth longer than wide,
sides parallel to behind the middle, thence converging to tips; stria? deep,
distinct. Length 2 mm.

Known from Delaware and District of Columbia. Differs
from sculpticollis, our other species with the elytra of similar
color, in its larger, more densely sculptured thorax and much
shorter elytra.

285 (10,901). SMICRONYX s<>r.u.n>rs Casey, 1892, 407.

Oval, strongly convex. Black or piceous, densely clothed above with
rather large brown and white overlapping scales, the latter usually pre-
dominating; beneath with very small rounded, yellowish-white ones;

TRIBE VII. ERIRHINIXI. 209

thorax with sometimes a narrow median line and two small discal spots
each side pale; legs dark reddish-brown. Beak of male stout, feebly curved,
roughly punctured and scaly throughout; of female, more slender, two-
thirds as long as elytra, finely and densely punctate, polished on apical
half. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, widest at middle, sides strongly
curved, distinctly constricted near apex; disc densely and coarsely punc-
tured. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, one-fourth longer than
wide, distinctly wider at middle than base; striae rather shallow, their
punctures remote and indistinct; intervals flat, minutely and sparsely
setose. Length 2.5 — 3mm. (Fig. 66, c.)

Southern half of Indiana, scarce; Koscinsko County, only in
the north; May 0 — August 20. Known also from Pennsylvania,
District of Columbia, Ohio and Illinois. "A common eastern
form resembling ori/icnnis but with a much larger, more inflated
thorax, more elongate beak and longer second funicular joint.1'
(C'(/.sT//. ) X. sctnlosits Dietz is only a small form, less maculate
above, and with the elytra 1 setie a little more conspicuous.

286 (10,904). SMICROXYX MORIO Dietz, 1894, 133.

Ovate, convex. Piceous; above densely clothed with closely impressed
dark brown or blackish scales, mottled with pale brown or white ones;
beneath grayish-white; antennas and legs dark reddish-brown. Beak longer
than head and thorax, feebly curved, coarsely punctured and sparsely
scaly from base to insertion of antenna;, finely punctulate and shining on
apical half. First joint of funicle longer than second, the latter one-half
longer than third. Thorax about as long as wide, sides regularly rounded,
apex three-fourth as wide as base, disc densely not coarsely punctured,
Elytra at base two-fifths wider than thorax, oval, convex, widest at middle,
sides rounded; stria? distinct, their punctures conspicuous, remote; setae
of intervals very fine and short. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania and Dakota.

287 (8550). SMICRONYX OVIPENNIS Lee., 1876, 170.

Oval, robust, strongly convex. Piceous black, above rather densely
clothed with rather large gray scales; antennae and legs dark reddish-
brown. Beak as long as head and thorax, coarsely punctured, scaly from
base to middle. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly rounded,
disc feebly constricted near apex, densely and rather finely punctured. Ely-
tra ovate, at base nearly one-half wider than thorax, humeri rounded,
prominent; stria? deep, their punctures distant; intervals wide, flat.;
Length 2—2.5 mm.

Yigo County, Indiana, rare; May 15. Ranges from Ohio and
Michigan to Kansas and Texas. Casey's squaliclus and Dietz's
tesxi'lliitiis are confused in most collections with this species.

288 (10,905). SMICRONYX TESSKLLATUS Dietz, 1894, 134.

Short, ovate, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown to black; above
very densely covered with brown and white scales, the latter larger and
forming a narrow median line and a short stripe each side of thorax and

210 SUBFAMILY' X. CURCULIONINJE.

numerous short, transverse lines on elytra; under surface densely clothed
with large white or yellowish-white scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown.
Beak of male slightly longer than head and thorax, densely punctured and
scaly from base to beyond middle; of female much longer and shining
towards apex. First joint of funicle stout, second very little longer than
third. Thorax slightly wider than long, narrowed in front, sides nearly
straight behind the middle, strongly rounded in front, densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Elytra oval, two-fifths wider at base than thorax,
widest at middle, humeri rounded, prominent; strife rather wide, coarsely
and remotely punctate; intervals flat, their setas indistinct, inclined.
Length 2 — 2.4 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana ; May 14 — July 29. Taken from
the leaves of mullein and by sweeping. Known also from District
of Columbia and Texas. Differs from ocipeiinis by its more
mottled upper surface, less broadly oval elytra, less conspicuous
setie and shorter second joint of fuuicle. Casey's description of
ovipennis is evidently of this species as it does not agree with
LeConte's type.

289 (10,906). SMICRONYX IMPRESSIROSTRIS Dietz, 1894, 135.

Very close to tesseUatns. Differs in characters given in key, and in
being slightly larger and less convex; in having the pale scales of upper
surface smaller and irregularly scattered; second joint of funicle longer;
scutellum more evident. Length 2.5 mm.

Kosciusko County, Indiana, rare; June 22. The types of Dietz
were from Southern Illinois. The pale mottliugs of elytra are
indistinct, so that the color of upper surface is a nearly uniform
brown.

GROUP II.

This group is represented in our eastern fauna by ten small,
oblong or elongate-oval species, all having the elytra more elon-
gate and less inflated than those of Group I, and the scales of
nearly uniform size and even distribution.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF GROUP TI.

a. Elytra pale brown with a large common quadrate median or subbasal
spot of velvety black. 290. QUADRIFER.

oo. Elytra without quadrate spot as above.

I). Elytra almost or wholly unicolorous, at most with a few widely

scattered pale scales.
c. Elytra at least very nearly three times as long as thorax.

<7. Scales very dense, widely imbricated; thorax wider than long,
its sides distinctly rounded; color grayish-brown.

291. CORXICULATUS.

dd. Scales barely contiguous, scattered over the elytra.

e. Elytra largely reddish; form elongate, slender. 292. CASEYI.
ee. Elytra black; form oblong-oval. 293. SPARSUS.

TRIBE VII. ERIRIIIXIXI. 211

cc. Elytra distinctly less than three times as long as thorax.

f. Color of body dark reddish-brown, the scales white or nearly
so, not dense except on humeri and bases of some of the in-
tervals; beak curved; legs pale reddish-brown.

294. CONNIVEXS.
//. Color black or piceous, the scales mostly gray; legs piceous or

dark reddish-brown.

g. Scales dense, broadly oval, gray and yellowish; thorax as
long as wide; beak nearly straight (Fig. 65, o.)

295. GETSEUS.

gg. Scales sparse, elongate-oblong, uniform gray; thorax one-
third wider than long; beak distinctly curved.

296. PINGUIS.
&&. Elytra distinctly mottled with pale and darker scales.

h. Scales of elytra not imbricated; tarsal claws very small, con-
nate to middle or beyond.

i. Form more elongate; basal tufts of beak obsolete; second joint
of funicle one-half longer than third; legs piceous.

297. PICIPES.

ii. Form more oval; basal tufts prominent; second joint of funicle
scarcely longer than third; legs reddish-brown.

298. POSTICUS.

hh. Scales very dense, imbricated; tarsal claws larger, connate one-
third their length; elytra brown with faint white markings;
legs reddish-brown. 299. SQUAMULATUS

290 (10,926). SMICRONYX QUADRIFER Casey, 1892, 388.

Oblong-oval. Black; above densely clothed with large pale brown and
whitish oval, overlapping scales, the white ones arranged along the sides
and middle of thorax and middle of elytra, the latter with a large sutural
quadrate piceous spot extending from basal sixth to behind the middle;
under surface with yellowish-white, very dense scales; legs reddish-brown,
thickly clothed with hair-like scales. Beak of male stout, densely punctured,
scaly, as long as head and thorax; of female distinctly longer. Thorax
slightly wider than long, constricted near apex, sides feebly curved, disc
densely punctured except near apex. Elytra at base two-fifths wider than
thorax, sides straight to behind middle, thence broadly rounded to apex;
strige very fine, intervals with short recurved setae. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.
(Fig. 66, cZ.)

Known from Mobile, Alabama, Texas and Arizona. Easily
distinguished by the lar^e, velvety black elytra 1 spot.

291 (8562). SMICRONYX COBNICULATI-S Fahr., Schon., 1843, Pt. 2, 309,

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Piceous-black, densely clothed with
oval, grayish-brown scales, those of under surface paler; disc of elytra
indistinctly fuscous and with a few widely scattered whitish scales, either
singly or in pairs; beak and antennae piceous; club and legs reddish-brown,
the former densely pubescent with grayish hairs. Beak of male rather
stout, slightly longer than head and thorax, feebly curved, (Fig. 65, n.),

212 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

punctate, scaly behind the antennal insertion; of female one-third longer,
much more slender, feebly tapering. Second joint of funicle one-half longer
than third. Thorax small, slightly wider than long, widest at middle,
narrowed and feebly constricted near apex, sides broadly rounded, disc
coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra at base one-half wider than
thorax, two-thirds longer than wide; sides straight and parallel in basal
half; strife fine, indistinctly punctate; intervals flat, finely rugose, each
with a row of very fine, recurved setae. Length 2 — 2.7 mm.

Starke and Marion counties, Indiana, scarce; Aug. 3 — Oct. 31.
Taken at various points in New Jersey,, May — July. Chicago,
111., Sept. 20. Ranges from Quebec and Massachusetts south to
District of Columbia and west to Wisconsin and Kansas. Taken
from the glaucous willow, *SV/7/.r discolor Mnhl., in Wisconsin.

The above is a description of the species recognized by Did/
and in part by Casey as the corniciiJatus of Falmpus, the type of
which was from Pennsylvania. It agrees fairly well with the or-
iginal description except in the color of the elytra which was
given as "nigra, griseo-tomeutosa, fnseo-nebulosa." As with many
other North American species described in Schonherr's work, the
types of which are now in Stockholm and therefore difficult of
access, there has been much difference of opinion as to what
form Falmeus had in hand. In the Cambridge collection are two
species placed side by side, each bearing the label ""£. coriiinilatiift
Fahr.," in LeConte's writing. One of these is what we now know
as scHl/ttiroUix, the other as apianhJcs, both described by Casey.
It was probably from the former that LeCoute drew up the de-
scription (187G, 173), in which he gave the color as "dark
brown, not very densely clothed with narrow, small whitish and
yellowish scales/' and the thorax as "much rounded on the sides."
Casey (1892, 301) combined LeConte's stjiHtiinilatus with the
form as above described, and his description is a composite of
the two. Dietz 1 1894, 164) described a form practically as above,
and then mentions four varieties. These, as lettered in his col-
lection at Cambridge, appear to be a, a small form of his •itcbulo-
sus; c, the form as above described; 1) and <L the squumulalux of
LeConte, of which Dietz's cohinibiaiius is a synonym. Until the
type of Fahrteus is studied by some American Coleopterist famil-
iar with our species of Siiticroiii/.r, the name corniculatus may as
well as any other be ascribed to the form in hand.

A study of the type of X. Jdnmjiin^ns Dietz in the Horn collec-
tion shows it to be a dwarf form (2 mm.) of coni'u-iiloliix with
the "conspicuous long hair-like set.e" mentioned by Dietz visible
only when viewed in profile, and then scarcely if any more ob-

TRIBE VII. ERIRIIIXINI. 213

vious than those of cornintldlux when similarly viewed. We con-
sider it scarcely worthy a varietal name.

292 (- -). SMICRONYX CASEYI Blatch., 1916, 10.

Elongate-oval, slender. Head, thorax, suture of elytra, and under sur-
face black; beak, antennae, legs, apex of thorax and elytra, except suture,
pale reddish-brown; above sparsely clothed with oblong white scales, con-
densed on sides of thorax and in irregular patches on sides of elytra, else-
where very unevenly scattered; under surface densely clothed with larger,
rounded concave white scales. Beak of male scarcely as long as head and
thorax, feebly curved, finely striate, scaly and densely punctate on basal
half, naked and more finely punctate towards apex; of female, half as long
as elytra, smooth, cylindrical, slightly scaly near base. Antenna- in male
inserted at apical third, second joint of funicle half the length of first,
scarcely longer than third; of female, inserted behind the middle, second
joint as long as the next two. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
feebly rounded, disc slightly constricted near apex, rather densely and finely
punctate. Elytra one-half wider and three times as long as thorax, sides
parallel to apical third, then rapidly converging to a subacute apex;
striae fine, indistinctly punctate; intervals feebly convex, minutely trans-
versely rugose, their setfe almost invisible. Length 2 mm.

A single male of this species, bearing the label "8. vest i 1 11.9
Lee. from Indiana," was donated us by Col. Casey. A comparison
with the Kansas type of i-estitus at Cambridge shows that species
to be much larger and more robust, with head, beak and thorax
wholly black, elytra dull reddish, scales large, close-set and evenly
distributed; thorax wider than long; elytra with distinct, coarse
inclined seta?. LeConte gives its form, color and vestiture as
"Rather robust, convex, black, very densely clothed with grayish
and yellowish, broadly oval scales ; antennse and legs ferruginous
brown." He states that the intervals are flat, each with a row
of whitish hairs and gives the length as 2.75 mm., all of which
characters agree with his type of vestitus. Three specimens of
caseyl, labelled cestitus by Dietz, are in the Cambridge collection.
Both Col. Casey and Dr. Dietz have misinterpreted LeConte's
species as neither one had the type before him when describing
the species they call rest it us, and Dietz (1804, 1(>0) criticises
LeConte for not describing the true res fit us correctly. The range
of caseyi (vestitus Casey and Dietz nee LeConte) is given as
Kansas, Dakota, Colorado and Montana, and it is possible that
the specimen donated by Casey is as wrongly labelled as to lo-
cality as it is to name.

293 (10,912). SMICKONYX SPARSUS Casey, 1892, 394.

Oblong-oval, convex. Deep black throughout, the upper surface clothed
with small elongate-oval, whitish scales, uniform throughout and very spar-
sely scattered over the elytra, the striae indicated by partings* which are

214 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

wider than the grooves. Beak of male one-half as long as elytra, slender,
cylindrical, evenly curved, scaly on basal half, nearly glabrous toward apex.
Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly and evenly rounded nearly
to apex, which is distinctly constricted; disc deeply and closely, not very
coarsely punctate. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax; sides paral-
lel and nearly straight to middle, thence rounded to apex; striae fine, deep.
Length 2.5 mm.

Described from Colorado and recorded from District of Col-
umbia. Allied to griscus but differing in the small, widely scat-
tered scales and black legs.

294 (10,918). SMICRONYX CONNIVENS Casey, 1892, 398.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, beak, antenna? and legs
throughout paler; above evenly and thickly clothed with rather large white
or grayish-white scales which are feebly condensed on sides of thorax and
along the suture, more conspicuously so on the humeri and the bases of the
third, fifth and seventh intervals; under surface densely covered with
smaller, silvery gray scales. Beak of male rather stout, scarcely as long
as head and thorax, apical third naked and sparsely punctate, remainder
densely punctured and scaly; of female one-third longer, much more
slender, polished and smooth in apical three-fifths. Second joint of funicle
three-fourths as long as first, equal to the next two. Thorax about as long
as wide, sides broadly rounded, disc feebly narrowed in front, finely and
rather densely punctate, and with minute rugae. Elytra at base two-fifths
wider than thorax, two-thirds longer than wide, sides straight to beyond
the middle; striae fine, remotely punctate, intervals flat, each with a row
of fine brownish, nearly prostrate seta?. Length 1.8 — 2.3 mm.

Lake, Starke and Wells counties, Indiana, scarce; May 11-
August 19. Pawpaw Lake, Mich., July 30. Ramsey and Lake
Hopatcong, N. J., September. Known elsewhere from Massa-
chusetts, Maryland, District of Columbia and Missouri. The
scales are whiter and much less dense than in corniculatus. *Sf.
langnidulus Dietz is the male.

295 (8551). SMICBOXYX GRISEUS Lee., 1876, 171.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black or piceous, above rather thinly clothed
with rather large yellowish and gray oval scales, those on the thorax
narrower, more elongate and directed transversely; the gray ones ar-
ranged on the sides of thorax and forming a broad area along the middle
of each elytron; beneath densely clothed with small white scales; antennae
and legs dark brown. Beak of male as long as head and thorax, stout,
tapering, clothed with scale-like hairs on basal half, (Fig. 65, o.) ; of female
two-thirds as long as elytra, very slender, cylindrical, wholly glabrous and
shining. Thorax with sides broadly rounded, not constricted near apex,
rather finely and closely punctate. Elytra one-third wider and about
twice as long as thorax, humeri prominent; stria? feebly impressed, punc-
tured. Length 2 — 2.3 mm.

Vermillion County, Tnd., rare; June in. Occurs at various
points in New Jersey; June to August. Highlands, N. C. ; June.

TRIBE VII. ERIRIIINIXI. 215

Ranges from there to Nebraska and Dakota, south to Georgia and
Texas; occurs on ragweed. A small dark species resembling a
Dcsmons in form but with elytra less inflated.

296 (- -). SMICRONYX PINGUIS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Black, above sparsely clothed with elon-
gate-oblong gray scales, those of side pieces beneath slightly broader and
more dense; antennae and legs dark reddish-brown. Beak of female one-
third longer than head and thorax, slender, cylindrical, feebly but evenly
curved, almost impunctate, glabrous, except the small tufts at base.
Head glabrous, minutely alutaceous. Thorax one-third wider than long,
sides broadly rounded from base to beyond middle, then feebly converging
and subparallel to apex; disc finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra oval,
at base scarcely one-third wider than thorax, humeri rounded, not pro-
minent; sides straight to middle, then broadly rounded to the obtuse apex;
striae fine, deep, indistinctly punctate; intervals flat, finely granulate, with-
out visible setae, each with two or three rows of the narrow gray scales.
Length 2.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Marshall County, Ind., rare; May 28. Larger and more robust
than grlseus with broader thorax and less prominent hnmeri, and
easily separated from both it and connivens by the finer and
sparser vestitnre.

297 (10,914). SMICRONYX PICIPES Dietz, 1894, 140.

Elongate-oval. Pitchy-black; above rather sparsely clothed with brown-
ish and gray intermixed scales; beneath more densely with small oval
pale clay-yellow ones; legs piceous. Beak of male shorter than head and
thorax, feebly curved, punctured and thinly covered with hair-like scales
on basal half; of female longer, shining throughout. Thorax scarcely
longer than wide, postocular lobes obsolete, sides rounded, narrowed toward
base, apex not constricted, disc densely and confluently punctured. Elytra
two-fifths wider at base than thorax, sides nearly straight and parallel to
middle; striae finely and distantly punctate; setae of intervals scarcely visi-
ble. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from one pair in the Ulke collection from Virginia.

298 (10,929). SMICRONYX POSTICUS Dietz, 1894, 150.

Oblong-oval. Black, rather densely clothed with moderately large,
oval, yellowish and grayish-white scales, mottled above with areas of dark-
er scales; legs reddish-brown. Beak of female as long as head and thorax,
rather densely punctured and scaly on basal half. Thorax more than one-
half wider than long, sides strongly rounded; disc coarsely and con-
fluently punctured and with an indistinct smooth median line, the inter-
vening spaces forming minute concentric ridges. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from Maryland. Resembles tycJwides but smaller,
the beak less robust, scarcely tapering and the scales evenly dis-
tributed on the elvtra.

216 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

299 (8561). SMICKONYX SQUAMULATUS Lee., 1876, 173.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, above very densely clothed with
rather large, dark brown scales; elytra with base of third interval and
humeri whitish, the disc mottled with numerous small, ill-defined whitish
spots; beak, antennae and legs paler reddish-brown. Beak of male scarcely
as long as head and thorax, slender, nearly straight, shining at tip, punc-
tured and pubescent at base; of female, one-third longer, very sparsely cloth-
ed with linear scales on basal half. Second joint of funicle two-fifths
longer than third. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly
rounded, disc narrowed in front, its punctures hidden by the scales which
are intermixed with numerous inclined brownish seise. Elytra oblong,
one-third wider than thorax, humeri rounded, prominent; sides parallel
for two-thirds their length; striae fine, deep, their punctures concealed;
intervals flat, each with a row of fine but distinct suberect brownish seta?.
Length 2—2.3 mm. (Fig. 66, e.)

Steubeu and Lawrence counties, Indiana, scarce; July 29 — -
August 1. Described from Detroit, Mich. Recorded from Wood-
bury, Atco and Anglesea, X. J. ; June — August. Known also
from Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Treated by Casey as a
synonym of coniinilutus, which it closely resembles, but differs
in the maculate elytra, paler antenme and more distinct setae of
both thorax and elytra. Dietz (1894, 177) mentions it as un-
known to him but "probably a variety of corniculatus" His
types show, however, that he had described it (1894, 162) as tf.
colunt~bianu8, and also (p. 165) as varieties & and d of cornicu-
latus.

GROUP III.

Our ten species of this group have the elytra much longer than
wide, not wider near the middle, the scales distinctly uneven in

«/

size, the larger ones forming small spots which are arranged in
more or less wavy transverse bands, which are usually most dis-
tinct on the median third. The majority of the species belong to
Dietz's so-called cinereiis group, distinguished by having the
"tarsal claws very small, not divergent, connate at least to the
middle, and the prosteruum silicate in front of the coxa*, the
sulcus limited by antecoxal ridges."

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP 111.

a. Elytra more or less reddish, at least toward the sides; the vestiture

sparse and uneven in distribution.

l>. Thorax distinctly constricted near apex, its punctures round, deep;

head dull red; larger scales of elytra yellow. 300. CONGESTUS.

bl>. Thorax not or feebly constricted, the punctures reniform or lunate

and sides strongly rounded; head black or piceous; larger scales

of elytra gray.

c. Punctures of thorax sparse, their intervals polished, not reticu-
late or with rugae. 301. TYCIIOIDES.

TRIKK VII. ERIKHINIXI. 217

cc. Punctures of thorax dense, often more or less confluent, the in-
tervals forming rugae.
(L Thorax smaller, without trace of median line.

302. SCL'LPTICOLLIS.

diL Disc of thorax with an almost entire median line which is not

• punctate but finely granulate. 303. SAGITTATUS.

aa. Elytra never distinctly reddish, usually black, sometimes rufo-

l>iceous.
e. Legs black or fuscous.

/. Smaller, more slender, not over 2 mm.; sides of thorax feebly
rounded. 304. APIOMDES.

ff. Larger, 3 mm.; sides of thorax strongly rounded. 305. ATRATUS.
ee. Legs wholly or in great part reddish.
(j. Larger, 3 — 3.5 mm.

Ji. Paler spots of elytra formed of larger grayish-white scales;

punctures of thorax subcontinent, their intervals forming

concentric rugae. 306. NEBULOSUS.

hh. Scales of pale spots distinctly yellowish; punctures of thorax

dense, coarse, not confluent. 307. MACULATUS.

gg. Smaller, less than 2.5 mm.

i. Scales of elytra large, white, sparse, not contiguous, only
moderately uneven in distribution; length 1.6 mm.

308. PERPUSILLUS,

ii. Scales of elytra small, clay-yellow, very uneven 'in distribution;
length 2 — 2.2 mm. 309. INTERRUPTUR.

300 (10,933). SMICRONYX CONGESTUS Casey, 1892, 401.

Rather broadly oval, convex. Reddish-brown, the suture of elytra
and abdomen piceous; above sparsely and unevenly clothed with yellowish,
scale-like hairs, which form several small spots on thorax and wavy
transverse lines on elytra. Beak moderately stout, as long as head and
thorax, coarsely punctured and scaly, male; longer, more finely and remote-
ly punctate, female. Thorax slightly wider than long, not much wider
at base than apex, sides strongly rounded; disc coarsely, deeply and
closely punctate, each puncture bearing a prostrate, scale-like hair. Elytra
oval, one-third wider at base than middle of thorax, sides parallel nearly
to middle, then regularly curved to apex; stria? fine, deep, distinctly but
remotely punctate; intervals with evident seta?. Length 2.2 — 2.7 mm.

Known from Massachusetts, District of Columbia, Illinois
and Colorado. Resembles sculpticollis but larger, the thorax
larger, more coarsely and sparsely punctate, the second and third
funicular joints subequal, each one-half longer than the fourth.

301 (8555). SMICROXYX TYCHOIDES Lee., 1876, 171.

Oblong-oval, robust, convex. Black, sides of elytra in great part dull
reddish, the suture black, antennae and legs, except base of femora, red-
dish-brown, tarsi fuscous; above sparsely and irregularly clothed with pale
gray scales which on the elytra form transverse patches or bands. Beak
stout, strongly tapering, as long as head and thorax, "male, slightly longer.

218 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

female, densely punctured. Thorax slightly wider than long, widest at
middle, sides strongly rounded, narrowed in front, not constricted near
apex; disc sparsely and rather coarsely granulate-punctate. Elytra at
base one-third wider than thorax, humeri prominent, sides parallel to mid-
dle, thence rounded to apex; striae distinct, punctured, intervals flat.
Length 2.3—2.7 mm.

Described from Kansas. Recorded from District of Columbia
and several localities near New York City, and said to have been
bred from galls on dodder, Cu scuta gronovii Willd., by Zabriskie.
Specimens named tyclwidcs in the Leng collection from Long Is-
land proved to be sculpt icoUis, and it is doubtful if the former
species occurs east of Kansas and Texas.

302 (10,935). SMICRONYX SCULPTICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 403.

Narrowly oval, convex. Black, feebly shining; elytra reddish-brown,
the suture broadly blackish; antennae piceous, club paler; legs red, darker
near coxae; above sparsely clothed with scale-like hairs which are condensed
in spots and transverse lines on the elytra and cover the base of third in-
terval. Beak of male slightly longer than head and thorax, feebly shining,
punctate and sparsely scaly on basal half; of female three-fifths as long as
elytra, more shining, punctate only near base. Thorax small, slightly wider
than long, sides strongly and evenly rounded, not constricted near apex;
disc densely and deeply punctured, without median smooth line. Elytra
at base one-half wider than thorax, sides parallel and nearly straight in
basal half; striae distinct, obsoletely punctate; intervals flat, rugose.
Length 2.1 — 2.3 mm.

Northern half of Indiana, scarce; June 12 — Oct. 4; not taken
sonth of Marion County. Described from Indiana, Virginia and
Texas. Known also from New Jersey, Long Island, District of
Columbia, Illinois, Kansas and Iowa. The small, densely punc-
tured thorax, narrow hair-like scales and almost wholly dull red
elytra distinguish it from its nearest allies. As already noted,
LeConte described this species as corniculatus Fabr.

303 (10,934). SMICRONYX SAGITTATUS Casey, 1892, 402.

Quite similar to sculpticollis. Elytra black, each with a broad, pale,
oblique reddish-brown stripe extending from humerus to apex. Thorax
larger, its sculpture "fine, dense and peculiar, consisting of long, oblique,
uneven eroded channels which are evidently formed by the coalescence of
reniform punctures of the tychoicles type, but also with an even median
line entirely impunctate, and finely granulate-reticulate." (Casey.)
Length 2 mm.

Described from Rhode Island. Not since recorded.

304 (10,936). SMICRONYX APIONIDES Casey, 1892, 405.

Narrowly oblong-oval, convex. Deep black throughout, sparsely and
unevenly clothed with scale-like hairs and wider white scales, the latter

TRIBE VII. ERIRHININI. 219

condensed on sides of thorax and base of third interval. Beak thick, short,
distinctly curved, granulose and punctate; of female, one-half as long as
elytra, smoother and more shining. Thorax slightly wider than long,
sides broadly and feebly curved, converging and nearly straight near
apex; punctures of disc coarse and deep, confluent in threes and fours to
form oblique sinuous lines. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax,
three-fifths longer than wide, sides nearly straight and parallel to beyond
middle, then rounded to apex; strife rather fine, deeper near suture; in-
tervals slightly rugose and bearing short, suberect setse. Length 1.7 — 2 mm.

Described from North Carolina. Ranges from District of
Columbia to Kansas and Texas. Easily known by its small size
and the coarse, deep, peculiar sculpture of thorax. LeCoute had
specimens labelled as cornicnlatus Fahr.

305 (10,932). SMICRONYX ATRATUS Dietz, 1894, 153.

Very close to tychoides. Differs in characters given in key. Elytra
never reddish. Beak regularly curved. Second joint of funicle scarcely
longer than third. Thorax more convex, with sides more strongly rounded
from base to apex. Length 3 mm.

Known from the District of Columbia and Texas.

306 (10,937). SMICRONYX NEBULOSUS Dietz, 1894, 157.

Oval, robust. Piceous, shining, antenna?, legs and apical half of beak
reddish-brown; above rather densely clothed with pale yellowish and
grayish-white oval scales, mottled with ill-defined areas of a slightly
darker shade; beneath more sparsely with smaller dirty gray scales. Beak
of male rather stout, as long as thorax, distinctly curved, tapering, gla-
brous and almost smooth in front of antennse, sparsely scaly and finely
punctate behind; of female one-third longer, more slender, cylindrical,
glabrous almost throughout, densely punctured and scaly at base. Second
joint of funicle nearly twice as long as third. Thorax wider than long,
widest at middle, sides strongly rounded, distinctly constricted near apex,
hind angles rounded; disc densely punctate, the punctures shallow,
elongate-oval. Base of elytra two-fifths wider than that of thorax, sides
parallel to middle then evenly curved to apex, strise not deeply impressed,
their punctures small, remote; intervals with long, inclined, whitish,
hair-like setse, the base of the third with a short white line. Tarsi slen-
der, the fourth joint twice as long as third. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Described from Indiana from specimens in the Horn collec-
tion without definite locality ; also from District of Columbia
and New Jersey. Edgebrook and Bloomington, 111.; August 27-
28. The white scales of elytra in some specimens form conspicu-
ous wavy transverse bands. Either this species or the next, per-
haps both, as they are closely allied, was described by Casey
(1892, 400) as flaricans Lee., the locality being given as Texas,
Dakota and Indiana. An examination of the type of flavicu-nt.

±20 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

from Texas shows it to have the scales much brighter yellow,
more dense and nearly evenly distributed than in either nebulosus
or iiHtciildtiix. It probably does not occur in our territory.

307 (10,942). SMICROXYX MACULATUS Dietz, 1894, 162.

Oblong, oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, above rather
densely clothed with small oval pale brown scales, mottled with oblique
or subtransverse, irregular bands of larger yellowish ones; legs reddish-
brown; beneath clothed with dirty gray scales, those of the sternal side
pieces much larger than those of abdomen. Beak of male slender, curved,
slightly longer than head and thorax, subopaque, punctured and sparsely
scaly in basal half; of female, more slender, one-fourth longer, less punc-
tured and more shining. Second joint of funicle nearly twice as long as
third. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly rounded, feebly
constricted near apex, disc densely and coarsely punctured. Elytra at
base less than one-third wider than thorax, sides nearly straight to behind
middle, then gradually curved to apex; stria? deep, finely punctate; in-
tervals flat, their setae short, indistinct. Hook of hind tibiae very distinct.
Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Steuben County, Indiana ; June 18. Described from Alle-
gheny Co., Pa., and Dakota. Known also from the District of
Columbia.

308 (10,916). SMICROXYX PEKPUSILLUS Casey, 1892, 405.

Oblong-oval, convex. Blackish-piceous; above rather sparsely clothed
with oval white scales; beneath more densely, with smaller rounded white
ones; legs rufous, the tarsi darker. Beak of female distinctly longer than
head and thorax, evenly curved, minutely punctulate near apex, punctate
and sparsely scaly on basal half. Thorax about as long as wide, sides
broadly and evenly curved, the punctures small, shallow and not dense.
Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax, one-half longer than wide,
sides straight on basal half, then converging to an acutely rounded apex;
striae fine, deep. Length 1.6 mm.

Described from Florida. "Known by its small size and white
scales, the latter close-set but generally not quite contiguous."

( Casey. )

309 (- -). SMICROXYX IXTERRUPTUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; above rather densely
clothed with small piceous and larger clay-yellow scales, the latter con-
densed along the sides and median line of thorax and in large irregular
wavy blotches across the elytra; beneath with very small gray scales over
the entire surface; antennae and legs reddish-brown, the former piceous
in male, base of femora darker. Beak of male piceous scarcely as long as
head and thorax, stout, tapering, polished and glabrous near tip; of female,
reddish-brown, one-third longer, slender, cylindrical, polished and naked
throughout. Funicle stout, second joint one-half longer than third.
Thorax as long as wide, widest at middle, sides feebly rounded, not con-
stricted near apex, which is two-thirds as wide as base; postocular lobes

TRIBE VII. ERIRHIXIXI. ±>1

distinct; disc finely, rather densely granulate-punctate. Elytra at base
one-third wider than thorax, sides parallel for two-thirds their length,
then evenly converging to an obtuse apex; striae fine, indistinctly punc-
tate; intervals with transverse rugse without evident seta?. Length 2 — 2.3
mm. (W. 8. B.)

Kosciusko, Marion, Vennillion and Posey comities, Indiana;
April IS — July 12. Six specimens taken by sweeping and sifting.

Subtribe IV. HYDROXOMI.

The species of this snbtribe live upon semiaquatic plants and
the body of fresh specimens is clothed with a dirty brown water-
proof coat, formed of scales and a gummy exudation ; head not
prolonged behind, the eyes contiguous to thorax; funiculus only
6-jointed in a number of genera. Our nine eastern genera are
separated as follows :

KEY 10 CEXERA OF SUBTRIBE IV.

a. Beak very short and broad, not longer than head; tarsi narrow, the
third joint deeply emarginate. X. STEXOPELMUS.

fl«. Beak cylindrical, much longer than head.

&. Third joint of tarsi either emarginate or bilobed.

c. Beak curved; funicle 6-jointed, the second joint short; third joint

of tarsi broad, deeply bilobed, last joint short.

(1. Last joint of tarsi with but one claw. XI. BKACHYBAMUS.

dd. Last joint of tarsi with two claws.

e. Last joint of tarsi broad, the claws well separated.
/. Elytra but slightly if any wider than thorax; length usually
1 or more mm. XII. EXDALCS.

ff. Elytra much wider than thorax; length less than 1.5 mm.

XIII. TANYSPHYUI s.

ee. Last joint of tarsi narrow, projecting beyond the lobes of

third, the claws slender. XIV. OXYCHYLIS.

cc. Beak straight; second joint of funicle long; last joint of tarsi

long.

g. Tibia? not serrate on the inner side; third joint of tarsi broad,
deeply bilobed; funicle 7-jointed. XV. AXCIIODEMUS.

gg. Front and middle tibia? serrate on the inner side; third tarsal
joint narrow, slightly emarginate; funicle 6-jointed.

XVI. LIXELLUS.
bb. Third joint of tarsi simple; legs long and slender.

//. Club of antenna? partly smooth and shining; funicle 6-jointed;

prosternum not excavated. XVII. LISSOBHOPTKTJS.

7(7). Club of antenna? entirely pubescent and sensitive; funicle 7-

jointed; prosternum broadly and deeply excavated in front of

coxa?; thorax feebly constricted near apex. XVIII. BAGOT*S.

X. STENOPELMUS Schon., ISSfi. (Gr., "narrow" -f "feet.")

Form very short and broad; antenna* inserted near middle of
beak, on the upper surface rather than on the sides ; scape long.

222 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

reaching the back part of the eyes; fimicle 7-joiuted, first joint
longer and stouter, the others, short, closely united ; eyes large,
round, coarsely granulated; elytra much wider than thorax;
ventral segments 1, 2 and 5 very large; fourth joint of tarsi as
long as the two preceding, claws slender, divergent.

310 (8577). STENOPEI,MUS RUFIXASUS Gyll., Schn., 1836, 469.

Short, ovate, convex. Black, densely clothed with a crust of grayish-
white scales; apical half of beak, antennae, tibiae and tips of femora red-
dish-brown; tarsi fuscous. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide at base as long,
sides almost straight, disc closely punctate, slightly carinate. Elytra
twice as wide as thorax, distinctly punctate-striate, intervals almost flat,
alutaceous. Under surface with the scales distinct, dense, almost white.
Length 1.8 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., July 11. One specimen from the beach of Lake
Michigan. Enterprise, Indian River and Bartow, Fla. "Southern
and western states to California, where it was found abundantly
at San Diego." (LeConte.)

XI. BRACI-IYBAMUS Germ., 1824. (Gr., "short" + "feet.")

Small oblong species, having the first joint of fimicle stout, as
long as the next three, second narrower, subconic, 3 — f> very
short, transverse; beak cylindrical, rather stout, as long as head
and thorax, densely and finely punctate ; eyes round, partly cov-
ered by large ocular lobes; scutellum invisible; elytra but slightly
wider than middle of thorax. Last joint of tarsi very short and
with but one claw, a character occurring in but two other genera
of Rhynchophora, (Mononyclius and Bdi-ncptoii) in our fauna.

311 (85G5). BRACHYBAMUS ELECTUS Germ., Schon., 1836, 330.
Elongate-oblong, subcylindrical. Black, densely clothed with a crust

of gray and fuscous-brown scales, the brown ones forming a median stripe
on thorax, and a broad, common sutural stripe and a humeral spot on
elytra; beak, antennae and legs reddish-brown, club fuscous. Thorax one-
third wider than long, sides feebly rounded, disc finely channeled along
the middle, distinctly constricted behind the apex, densely, deeply and
rather finely punctate, the intervals between the punctures minutely alu-
taceous. Elytra oblong, their bases conjointly broadly emarginate, sides
parallel for four-fifths their length, thence strongly converging to an ob-
tuse apex; intervals subconvex, each with a row of minute white setae.
Length 2.3—2.7 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, frequent on arrow-head (Sagittaria) ;
May 28 — 30. Frequent near New York City, May to August, on
palustral plants. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 24 — Dec. 1!). Recorded
also from Massachusetts, Connecticut and District of Columbia.

Brachybamus inceratus Boh. (1843 Pt. 2, 186), was described as dif-
fering from elect us in having the form more oblong-oval; beak more

TRIBE VII. ERIRHIXINI. 223

strongly curved; thorax more strongly constricted near apex and without
median impressed line; elytra truncate at base, the second interval wider
and somewhat elevated. The type was a specimen from "America Bo-
realis" in Chevrolat's collection. It is not represented, as far as we can
ascertain, in American collections and is probably only a variety of
electus.

XII. ENDALUS LaPorte, 1840. (A mythological name.)

In this and the next two genera the beak is elongate, curved,
with the antennal grooves starting about one-third from tip and
extending directly toward the ej^es; first joint of funicle long, the
others short, increasing gradually in width; club large, oval ; eyes
large, oval, coarsely granulate and not approximate beneath;
thorax with broad postocular lobes; scutellum minute or invisi-
ble ; front coxa? large, prominent, contiguous ; tibiae sinuate on
the inner side, as long as femora, the front ones finely serrate
from the middle to tip. From the other two Endalus is separated
mainly by the characters given in key.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ENDALUS.

a. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax.
b. Last joint of tarsi, slightly prominent, extending beyond the lobes

of the third joint, the claws large.
c. Length 3.5 or more mm.

(I. Scales with distinct bristles intermixed. 312. SETOSUS.

(Id. Scales nearly uniform gray with very minute bristles; thorax
not coarsely punctured. 313. LIMATULUS.

cc. Length not over 2.5 mm.; thorax coarsely punctured.
e. Thorax scarcely wider than long; length 2.3 mm.

314. CRIBRICOLLIS.

ee. Thorax wider than long, constricted in front; length 1.8 mm.

315. PUNCTATUS.

bb. Last joint of tarsi not prominent, almost concealed between the

lobes of the third, the claws small; black mottled with pale gray

scales; length 1.8 — 2 mm. 316. OVALIS.

act. Thorax as wide at base and wider at middle than elytra; black, the

elytra in great part gray; tarsi as in ovalis. 317. LATTCOLLIS.

312 (8570). ENDALUS SETOSUS Lee., 1876, 176.

Elongate-oblong. Either uniform dark brown with four narrow lines
of pale scales on thorax, or dirty gray with a large common dark brown
spot extending from the base of the elytra for four-fifths their length with
prolongations on third and fifth ventrals, two clouds on sixth interval
and one at humerus; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax broader
than long, strongly rounded on sides in male, less so in female, suddenly
narrowed and constricted near apex, deeply, closely not coarsely punc-
tured. Elytra elongate, humeri rounded, sides feebly converging toward
the obliquely narrowed tips; striae fine, intervals feebly convex. Length
3.5 — 4 mm.

224 STBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

The form with uniform brown elytra was described from
Texas; the smaller form, 3.5 mm., with elytral dark blotch, from
the "Middle States, Kansas and Texas." No specimens from the
Middle States are now in the LeOonte collection.

313 (8571). E.NDALTS LiMATrLUS Gvll., Schon., 183G, 319.
Elongate-oblong. Black, densely clothed with a crust of pale gray

and fuscous scales; the latter forming three indistinct stripes on thorax
and some scattered oblong spots on the intervals of elytra; antennae, legs
and apical half of beak reddish-brown. Beak strongly curved, as long as
head and thorax, its basal half scaly. Thorax one-third wider than long,
subparallel on basal half, converging from middle to apex; disc convex,
feebly constricted behind the apex, finely, densely and deeply punctate.
Elytra at base one-fourth wider than thorax, sides parallel to middle,
thence strongly curved to apex; striae remotely and finely punctate; in-
tervals flat, each with a row of minute setae. Scales of under surface
dense, pale. Length 4.3 — 5.5 mm.

Lake and Whitley counties, Ind., scarce; May 20 — August 7.
Occurs at several localities near New York City, May to Sept.,
principally in or near salt meadows; sometimes taken by sweep-
ing sweet fern. Ranges from New York, Michigan and Colorado
south to District of Columbia and Missouri.

314 (8573). EXDALUS CRIBRICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 177.

Oblong. "Blackish brown, the crust formed of grayish scales; disc of
elytra with a faint brownish cloud behind the middle. Thorax subquad-
rate, scarcely wider than long, sides nearly straight, a little rounded near
the tip which is constricted; disc very coarsely and deeply punctured.
Elytra one-third wider than thorax, humeri rounded. Striae deep, slightly
punctured; intervals nearly flat. Length 2.3 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from Georgia. Recorded elsewhere only from Dis
trict of Columbia.

315 (8574). ENOALUS PUXCTATUS Lee., 1876, 177.

"Smaller and more robust than cribricollis, thorax wider than long,
more deeply constricted at tip, somewhat less coarsely punctured. Elytra
a little wider than thorax, brown with a darker sutural stripe; striae deep,
more distinctly punctured ; legs dark testaceous, last tarsal joint and claws
still smaller. Length 1.8 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from Texas. Recorded from Bellaire, Florida, by
Mrs. Slosson and so labelled in the Blanchard collection from
Massachusetts. The Florida specimens may be the same as lati-
collis, described below, which differs in having the thorax wider
than elytra, both strongly mottled with white.

316 (8575). ExnAiA'S OVALIS Lee., 1876, 177.

Oval. Black, mottled with pale gray scales; antennae and legs red-
dish-brown. Beak scarcely as long as head and thorax, very densely and

TRIBE VII. EFvIRIIIXIXI. 225

roughly punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, strongly constricted
near apex, sides almost straight; disc densely and finely punctate. Elytra
one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides parallel for two-thirds their
length, thence converging to an obtuse apex; stria3 deep, feebly punctured.
Length 1.8 — 2.2 mm.

Kosciusko, Dubois, Lawrence and Jennings counties, Ind.,
scarce; May 12 — Nov. 20. Sifted from decaying- leaves about the
roots of trees on the latter date. Doubtless hibernates as imago.
Occurs frequently in July and August near New York City on
sweet fern or palustral plants and under stones in May. Ranges
from Canada and New York to Wisconsin and California.

317 (- -). ENDALUS LATICOLLIS sp. nov.

Form of ovalis but smaller. Black, densely clothed with white and
dark brown scales; the latter forming a large quadrate blotch on basal
two-thirds of disc of thorax, covering the declivity of elytra and forming
a narrow sutural line on their basal half; antennae and legs pale reddish-
brown. Thorax distinctly wider than in ovalis. sides more rounded, feebly
constricted, disc less convex and more coarsely punctured, impressed near
apex. Length 1.5 — 1.7 mm. (W. S. B.)

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 2<> — April 1(5. Swept from low herbage
and taken from beneath boards along the margins of ponds. Le-
Conte, in his description of ovalis, doubtless had two species be-
fore him, this being the one of which he says: "Several much
smaller specimens from California, Florida and Lake Superior,
have the thorax comparatively more coarsely punctured, but do
not show any other difference. Length 1.5 mm." Schwarz lists
ovalis as common in Florida, but we do not know to which of the
two species he refers. The two when compared can at once be
separated by the much wider thorax of laticollis. In fresh speci-
mens the difference in color is also marked. The brown, quadrate
thoracic spot of laticollis often has a small, oblong white spot
near its base.

XIII. TAXYSPHYRUS Germ., 1824. (Gr., "extended" -f "claw.")

Very small species, differing from Enflahts mainly in having
the funicle of antenna? more slender, the joints moniliform;
thorax narrower and scarcely rounded on sides ; elytra two-thirds
wider than thorax, humeri rectangular, prominent. One species,
common to both Europe and America, occurs with us.

318 (8576). TANYSPHYRUS LKMNJE Fab., 1794, 412.

Broadly oval. Blackish-piceous; elytra mottled with gray scales; an-
tenna? and legs reddish-brown; femora in part dusky. Beak more than
twice as long as head, finely and densely punctate, its tip depressed.

226 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

Thorax subcylindrical, as wide as long, densely and finely rugose-punc-
tate and with an abreviated median carina. Elytral striae deep, coarsely
punctate; intervals convex, minutely punctulate. Length 1.2 mm.

Common throughout northern Indiana; less so in the south-
ern portion. May 21 — Oct. 31. Frequent near New York City in
May and June on duckweed (Lemna) or adhering to boards in
water in which the plant is growing. Ranges from New England
and Canada to Michigan, south to Florida.. Lake Okeechobee,
March 7. Occurs also in Europe, northern Asia and Japan (Ham-
ilton}. Breeds in ponds and lakes on various species of duck-
weed, the leaves of which the beetle perforates with round holes.
Probably occurs wherever Lcmna grows.

XIV. ONYCHYLIS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "claw" + "small.")

In this genus the first joint of funiculus is longer and stouter,
second short but longer than third, 3 — 6 gradually a little
broader; third joint of tarsus moderately dilated and bilobed,
fourth joint narrow, extending beyond the lobes of third. The
species resemble those of Bagous but differ in having the articu-
lar surface of hind tibite at apex, not on the sides, and in the
smaller and more slender tarsal claws.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ONYCHYLIS.

a. Broadly oval; thorax broader than long. 319. NIGRIROSTRIS.

aa. Oblong-oval; thorax as long as broad. 320. LONGULUS.

319 (8567). ONYCHYLIS NIGRIROSTRIS Boh., Schon., 1843, Pt. 2, 184.

Black, densely covered with a crust of dirty gray scales; elytra often
with a faint broad median fuscous blotch; antennae and tarsi reddish-
brown. Beak of male as long as thorax, black, shining, naked, finely and
sparsely punctate; of female covered with scales to insertion of antennas,
beyond that reddish-brown, smooth. Thorax one-fourth wider than long,
sides feebly rounded, disc narrowly constricted near apex, finely, densely
and deeply punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides
parallel for two-thirds their length, then rapidly converging to the nar-
rowed and compressed apex; stria? rather deep, finely and closely punc-
tate; intervals subconvex without seta?. Length 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Northern half of Indiana, common ; not taken in tTie southern
portion. Apr. 20 — May 25. Occurs frequently near New York
rity, M;iy — December, on arrowhead (Kngittarifi). Lake Tstok-
poga and Dvmedin, Fla., Feb. 24 — April 16. Swept by hundreds
from the flowers and foliage of the pickerel weed, Pontcdcrla cor-
flata L., at Dunedin. Ranges from Canada and New England to
Michigan, south to Florida and Texas.

TRIBE VII. ERIKHININI. 227

320 (8568). ONYCHYLIS LONGULUS Lee., 1876, 179.

Elongate-oblong. "Black; crust of scales as in nigrirostris ; antennae
testaceous, club fuscous. Thorax slightly rounded on the sides, feebly
constricted near apex, very coarsely punctured. Elytra nearly one-half
wider than thorax, humeri oblique, sides parallel for two-thirds their
length, then rounded to the tips; stria; well impressed; intervals slightly
convex, the alternate ones slightly tessellated. Length 3 mm." (LeConte.)

Two in Blanchard collection labelled "Concord River, July 13."
Described from Michigan. Not recorded elsewhere. Resembles
and easily confounded with LissorJioptnis simplex.

XV. ANCHODEMUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "narrow" -f "body.")

Body narrow, subcylindrical ; beak straight, rather stout,
cylindrical, as long as thorax, its antennal grooves directed to-
ward, and scape reaching the eyes; first and second joints of
funicle elongate, 3 — 7 gradually wider, club oblong-oval, wholly
pubescent; thorax with large ocular lobes; prosternum broad,,
deeply emarginate in front, not sulcate; legs long and slender,,
last joint of tarsi as long as second and third united, with large,
divergent claws.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ANCHODEMUS.

a. Length 4—4.5 mm.; second joint of funicle scarcely longer than first.
&. Elytra brownish-gray or blackish, without a paler band.

321. ANGUSTUS.
Itb. Elytra brown, with a broad, angulated paler band behind the middle.

322. SCHWARZI.
aa. Length 7.5 mm.; second joint of funicle twice as long as first.

323. IIUBBARDI.

321 (8578). ANCHODEMUS ANGUSTUS Lee., 1876, 181.

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, densely clothed with a crust of
gray or blackish scales; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown; club fus-
cous. Beak slender, finely and sparsely punctate, its tip polished. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides parallel, base rounded; disc feebly con-
stricted near apex; sculpture hidden by scales. Elytra one-third wider
and three times as long as thorax, humeri oblique; sides parallel for
three-fourths their length, then strongly converging to a subacute apex;
stria? with fine, close-set punctures; intervals flat, each with a row of
minute, inclined, pale bristles. Length 4 mm.

Kosciusko and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce; May 21 — June 25.
Swept from sedges about the margins of ponds and lakes. Occurs
in New Jersey in marshes throughout the State. Ranges from
Canada and New England to Michigan and Illinois, south to
Florida. Recorded as eating the leaves of arrow-head, (Sagit-
taria.)

228 SIT-.FA. \IILY x. — CURCULIONIX.E.

322 (8580). ANCIIODEMCS SCHWARZI Lee., 1876, 182.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Brown, the crust of brown scales; thorax
with three paler stripes; pale band of elytra with the angle at the suture
directed forward; antennae and legs brownish-yellow. Beak stouter than
in the other two species, densely punctured, slightly pubescent. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, not constricted in front, sides feebly rounded.
Elytra more than one-third wider than thorax; stride finely punctate; tips
conjointly rounded. Length 4.5 mm.

Described from Detroit, Mich. Easily known by the stouter
beak aud conspicuous pale band of elytra.

323 (8579). AXCHODEMUS HUBBAKDI Lee., 1876, 181.

Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-brown covered with a dense crust of
grayish-white scales, those of sides of thorax, margins of elytra and under
surface very small, rounded and yellowish in hue; beak, antenna? and legs
pale reddish-brown. Beak as long as thorax, nearly straight, naked,
shining, finely punctate, carinate and pubescent near base. Thorax not
longer than wide, distinctly constricted near tip, slightly rounded on the
sides. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax, humeri rounded, tips separate-
ly acuminate and rounded; stria? hidden by scales, shallow and punctured.
Length 7.5 mm. (LeConte.)

Described from Detroit, Michigan, where it appears to be com-
mon in June. Known elsewhere only from Stoneham, Mass.

XVI. LIXELLUS Lee., 1870. (Or., Lixus -f "little.")

Long, slender, much narrower than AiichodcmKS ; beak shorter
than thorax, rather stout, nearly straight ; joints 1 and 2 of funi-
cle elongate, 3 — 6 short, slightly wider; club elongate-oval, acute;
fourth tarsal joint as long as the three preceding united; claws
large, divergent. One species is known.

324 (8581). LIXELLUS FILIFORMIS Lee., 1876, 182.

Very elongate, subcylindrical. Black, covered with very small brown
scales; elytra mottled with paler; antennas and legs reddish-brown. Beak
opaque, punctulate, scaly. Thorax slightly longer than wide, feebly con-
stricted near apex, sides nearly straight, disc very densely punctulate.
Elytra not wider than middle of thorax, nearly four times as long as wide,
tips conjointly rounded; strife punctured, intervals flat. Length 4.3—
4.8 mm.

Quebec, Canada, June. Described from Canada and Oregon;
known also from Colorado and Nevada. Resembles a small,
slender Li.rus, whence the generic name. Said by Schwarz to be
aquatic in habit.

XVIT. LISSORHOPTRUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "smooth-' -j- "club.")

Club of antenna? smooth, shining, pubescent only near tip;
first joint of funicle stout, rounded, second as long as the next

TIUHK VII. EIIIRI 1 1 X I X I .

229

two, 3 — G gradually wider; tibue rather stout, somewhat curved,
armed with a strong terminal hook; tarsi narrow, third joint
neither emarginate nor bilobed, fourth as long as the two pre-
ceding, the claws slender, approximate.

325 (8582). LISSORHOPTHITS SIMPLEX Say, 1831, 29; ibid, I, 297.

Oblong-oval. Black, densely clothed with a coating of large, olive-
gray scales; elytra of female often with a large, indistinct fuscous area;
antenme and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak stout, as long as thorax, subcylin-
drical, densely rugosely punctate. Thorax as long as wide, slightly con-
stricted near apex, sides feebly rounded; disc with a faint, finely 'im-
pressed median line, densely rugosely punctate; sides at middle with a
shallow, transverse impression. Elytra at base one-third wider than
thorax, humeri oblique; sides very feebly converging for two-thirds their
length, then strongly so to the narrowed apex; strial punctures rather
small, close-set, intervals each with one or more small tubercles near the
apical declivity. Length 2.8 — 3.2 mm. (Fig. 68.)

Lake, Kosciusko, Wells and Dubois counties, Ind. ; probably
throughout the State; May 9 — July 10. Swept
from grasses and sedges near lakes and ponds.
Hudson Co., Hoboken salt meadows and Irving-
ton, X. J. Dunedin, Fla., March 14. Ranges
from Canada and New England to Michigan
and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas.

Known as the "rice water-weevil,1" and doing-
more damage to rice crops in the southern
states than any other insect. Tucker (1912)
states that the larva, known as the "rice-root
maggot," devours the roots while the adults
feed on the foliage of the young and tender
^^ 'show- plants. Water is the element in which the
tion^f'aub^tAfte; beetle delights, and it breeds only in plants

growing in it. It swims readily on or beneath
the surface, and feeds, rests and mates almost as frequently in
the water as above it. Two specimens were kept by C. E. Hood
96 hours under water before dying. The adults hibernate, prin-
cipally in Spanish moss, the eggs being laid in early spring and
the beetles maturing in July. The most practical method of
control is the drainage of infested rice fields and allowing them
to dry suffiently to kill the larva1 before the latter have greatly
weakened the plants. Besides cultivated rice, L. sintfrtc.r feeds
also on wild rice, arrow-head, bulrushes and water-lilies.

326 (85S3). LissoiiiiopTRus APICULATUS Gyll., Schn., 1836, 320.

Differs from simplex in having the antennal club fuscous, beak more
slender, as long as head and thorax, less densely scaly. Thorax slightly

230 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXvE.

wider than long, without a transverse impression at middle of sides.
Elytra but slightly wider at base than thorax, intervals flat, finely alu-
taceous. Length 3.5 mm.

Near New York City at Jamesburg, New Jersey, April 18;
Camden and Gloucester Co., N. J., in swamps. Described from
Missouri. "Occurs in the Southern States and Texas." (Le-
Conte.) The differences between the two species, as given above,
are those mentioned by Gyllenhall, but they are not visible in
specimens labelled apiculatus in the LeConte collection.

XVIII. BAGOUS Schon., 1826. (A Persian proper name.)

Beak shorter than head and thorax, subcyliudrical, moderately
curved, its antennal grooves deep, reaching the eyes; joints 1
and 2 of funicle longer than the others, obconical, the first the
stouter; 3 — 7 short, crowded, gradually wider; club oval, larger
than usual; thorax subcyliudrical, slightly narrowed in front,
constricted near apex, the postocular lobes large; elytra oblong-
ovate, strongly narrowed toward apex, disc more or less de-
pressed, strongly declivous on apical third, and usually with a
distinct callus or oblong tubercle on or near the declivity; tibia?
slender, strongly curved, armed at tip with a strong claw, the
articular surface on the side; tarsi narrow, not spongy beneath,
the claws divergent. The North American species have not been
treated since LeConte reviewed them in 1876, when he described
as new 12 of the 13 which stand in our lists. A number of others
have since come to light, mainly through the collecting of the
late Frederick Blanchard of Tyngsboro, Mass., who took especial
delight in searching for these and other aquatic forms, and by
the collecting of the senior author in Florida. Seven of these
from our territory are herewith described for the first time,
and doubtless a number of others as yet unnamed occur in collec-
tions. They are found under cover or on plants in or near
water.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERX SPECIES OF BAGOUS.

a. Elytra with one or two white or grayish spots on or near the upper

edge of the apical declivity. GBOUP I.

aa. Elytra without white spots near the declivity, though sometimes with

oblique pale bands on sides. GROUP II.

GROUP I.

In this group the third, and sometimes the fifth, elytral in-
terval is usually slightly more convex at apical third, forming a
more or less evident oblong callus, but this never distinctly tu-

TRIBE VII. ERIRHIXINI. 231

berculate as in iiidiiiiniUatus. On or between these raised places
the surface is white or grayish-white. If the callus is not present
the white spot occurs in the place wrhere it should be.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Disc of thorax very uneven, with numerous short ridges and depres-
sions.

ft. Front foveate; alternate elytral intervals mottled with short oblong

darker spots; larger, 4.7 — 5 mm. 327. MAGISTER.

bb. Front excavated; elytra uniform sooty black without darker spots;

smaller, 4—4.3 mm. 328. CAVIFKONS.

aa. Disc of thorax without ridges and depressions, usually covered with

small granules.
c. Larger, 3 — 4 mm. ; form robust.

d. Elytra mottled with small pale spots or dots; thorax very coarsely

granulate; front not foveate; length 4 mm. 329. MACULATUS.

dd. Elytra not mottled with pale spots; thorax finely granulate; front

foveate; length not over 3.5 mm.

e. Sides of thorax and elytra clay-yellow, elytra with an oblique

stripe of clay-yellow scales extending from middle of sides to

white bar at declivity. 330. LUXATUS.

ee. Surface uniform black except the white cross-bar near declivity.

331. ATRATUS.

cc. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm.; form more slender; beak shorter than

thorax.

f. White spot at apex of declivity single, crossing the suture in the
form of a small cross-bar; form very slender. 332. PUKITANUS.
ff. White spots two, one on each elytron; form ovate.

333. RESTRICTUS.

327 (8590). BAGOUS MAGISTER Lee., 1876, 186.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Blackish-brown, the elytra mottled with
fuscous and pale brown scales, and with a transverse spot of pale scales
crossing the suture just behind the middle, this sometimes interrupted at
suture; antenna?, tibige and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak as long as tho-
rax, feebly tricarinate, rather stout, slightly curved; front with an elongate
fovea between the eyes. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, broadly con-
stricted near apex, sides sinuate, disc with deep channel at middle, very
uneven as mentioned in key. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax,
hunieri rounded, sides parallel for three-fourths their length; striae rather
finely and closely punctate; intervals subconvex, the second, fourth and
sixth elevated, the fourth ending in an obtuse tubercle on the declivity.
Length 4.7 — 5 mm.

Lake, Starke and Marshall counties, Indiana, scarce ; May 3—
Oct. 3. Various localities in New Jersey on water lilies in May
and June. Ranges from New Jersey and Canada to Michigan,
south to Texas. Our largest and most robust species.

328 (8589). BAGOUS CAVIFRONS Lee., 1876, 186.

Oblong-oval, robust, subdepressed. Black, covered with fuscous-black
scales; elytra each with a small, oblique spot of white scales at apical

232 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.i:.

third extending from second to fifth striae; antenna) and legs nearly black.
Beak shorter than thorax, rather stout, nearly straight, flattened and finely
tricarinate above. Thorax longer than wide, gradually slightly narrowed
in front, sides nearly straight, constricted near apex; disc uneven, with
short deep grooves and ridges and a broad shallow dorsal channel in-
terrupted at middle. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax, humeri
oblique, sides feebly converging behind the base; intervals broad, feebly
convex, each with a row of very short whitish bristles. Length 4 — 4.3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 9 — April 4. Described from Enterprise.
Fla. Recorded from Irviugton, New Jersey, July 12.

329 (- -). BAGOITS MACULATUS sp. uov.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, densely clothed with clay-yellow and
slate-gray scales, the pale ones forming a median stripe on head and beak,
a broad stripe each side of thorax and numerous small spots and dots over
the elytra; the white spot on third interval near declivity small, round,
subconical; funicle of antennae, tarsi and apical third of tibia? dark red.
Beak three-fourths the length of thorax, rather stout, curved, densely scaly.
Thorax subcylindrical, as long as wide, sides nearly straight, strongly con-
stricted near apex; disc coarsely and densely granulate and with a shallow
median groove. Elytra behind the humeri one-half wider than thorax,
humeri oblique, prominent, subangulate, sides feebly converging from be-
hind the humeri to declivity, then strongly so to apex; striae fine, intervals
slightly convex, the fifth with a small white tubercle on declivity. Tibiae
stout, strongly curved near apex, and with a long stout hook; tarsi short,
the third joint not broader nor emarginate. Length 4 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dunedin, Fla. ; Feb. 14 — March 24 ; two specimens from be-
neath boards near ponds. The large size, distinctly maculate
elytra and tibia* red only near apex, separate this from all others.

330 (— — ). BAGOUS LUXATUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, densely clothed with clay-yellow and
fuscous-brown ocellate scales, the former covering the head and beak and
forming a broad stripe along each side of thorax and elytra; this stripe
with an oblique spur extending from basal third of elytra to a broad,
lunate white spot, concave behind, which crosses the suture at apical
third; antennae, except the club, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
shorter than thorax, rather slender; front with an oblong fovea. Thorax
as long as wide, sides almost straight, feebly constricted near apex; disc
with a faint median channel, covered with rather coarse granules. Elytra
behind the humeri one-half wider than thorax, humeri oblique; sides
feebly converging for three-fourths their length, then strongly so to the
compressed and subacute apex; third, fifth and seventh intervals more
convex, the third more so at apical fourth, the fifth with a small conical
tubercle on declivity. Length 3.4 mm. (W. 8. B.}

Ft. Myers. Dunedin and Lake Okeechobee, Fla., scarce; March
1 — 22. The arrangement of the pale and dark scales on elytra
taken with the oblique humeri separate this from all other
species.

TRIBE VII. ERIRHINIXI.

331 (— — ). BAGOUS ATRATUS sp. nov.

Oblong, robust. Black, densely clothed with dull black scales; elytra
with a grayish-white cross-bar crossing the suture between the third in-
tervals at upper edge of declivity; antennae, except the club, and legs dull
red; under surface with dirty gray ocellate scales. Beak stout, shorter
than thorax, finely cariuate; front with a small fovea. Thorax one-third
wider than long, strongly constricted near apex, sides broadly rounded,
disc finely granulate and with a distinct median channel. Elytra broad,
depressed; at base one-third wider than thorax; humeri rounded, sides
straight to apical fifth then strongly converging and compressed to apex;
intervals convex, the third distinctly more so, all with a row of short in-
clined yellowish setae, more evident on the sides and declivity. Length
3 mm. (W. S. B.)

Vigo County, Indiana, May 15. Resembles nmmniillntiifs but
with only a small single tubercle on declivity, thorax wider than
long, beak more slender, scaly, third tarsal joint not broader nor
emarginate.

332 (— — ). BAGOUS PURITANUS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, densely clothed with dark
gray scales; a stripe each side of thorax, a spot on humeri and a narrow
crossbar between the third intervals of elytra at declivity of whitish ones;
antennae, except club, tip of beak, tibiae and tarsi pale reddish-brown.
Beak much shorter than thorax, slender, curved; front not foveate. Thorax
as wide as long, sides feebly curved, constricted near apex; disc densely
and finely granulate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides
straight to the declivity, then strongly converging to apex; third interval
slightly more convex than the others, tubercle of the fifth very faint.
Length 2.5 mm, (W. B. B.)

Taken by Blauchard at Dracnt, Massachusetts. Type in the
Cambridge Museum.

333 (8593). BAGOUS RESTBICTUS Lee., 1876, 187.

Oblong-oval. Black, covered with dirt-colored scales; elytra each
with a small transverse white spot on second and third intervals at about
two-thirds the length; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
nearly as long as thorax, subcarinate. Thorax as wide as long, slightly
wider from the base forwards; sides straight for three-fourths their
length, then rounded and suddenly constricted, more strongly than in
most other species; disc coarsely granulate. Elytra oval, humeri oblique,
obtusely angulated; sides converging to the declivity; apex very narrow;
strife deep; intervals convex, the fifth ending in a small conical tubercle
covered with white scales. Length 2.5 mm.

Ithaca, New York, May H. Described from Texas. Recorded

from Ohio and Iowa.

GROUP II.

In this group the elytra is without a white or gray spot near
upper edge of declivity, though in several species there are

234 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIX.E.

straight or oblique pale stripes on the sides. The species are
smaller, americamis being the only one over 3.5 mm. in length.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II.

a. Surface everywhere clothed with fine ocellate silvery-gray scales;

thorax not granulate; tarsi very long, slender.

l>. Femora red, strongly clavate; larger, 3.5 — 4 mm. 334. AMERICANUS.

bb. Femora black, feebly clavate; length 2.8 — 3 mm. 335. BLANCHABDI.

aa. Surface without scales as above; thorax granulate; tarsi shorter and

stouter.

c. Elytra each with two tubercles on or near the declivity; color black
or fuscous; length 2.4 — 3 mm. 336. MAMMIIXATUS.

cc. Elytra each with one tubercle on the declivity.

(1. Elytra with a broad black band crossing the suture behind the mid-
dle; length 1.8 mm. 337. PUSILLUS.
dd. Elytra without post-median black band.

e. Elytra with alternate intervals distinctly more elevated, the sides
and apex gray, disc with a large common triangular black

Spot. 338. SELLATUS.

ee. Elytra with intervals flat or subequal in convexity.

f. Third joint of tarsi broader than second and emarginate.
g. Scales of upper surface uniform pale gray; length 3 mm.

339. PLANATUS.

gg. Scales gray and dark brown; elytra each with an oblique
pale stripe; length 2.3 mm. 340. OBLIQUTJS.

ff. Third joint of tarsi narrow, not wider than second, not emar-
ginate.
h. Thorax wider than long; beak as long as thorax.

i. Elytra mottled with pale and darker scales; thorax feebly
constricted in front; length 3.2 mm. 341. NEBULOSUS.
ii. Elytra uniformly clothed with blackish-gray or clay-yellow
scales; thorax one-half wider than long, strongly con-
stricted near apex; length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.
j. Front with a large fovea; sides of thorax sinuate;
antennas and legs nearly black. 342. TBANSVEBSUS.
jj. Front without fovea; sides of thorax not sinuate; an
tennse and legs red. 343. OCHBACEUS.

hh. Thorax not wider than long; beak shorter than thorax.
/.-. Larger, 3 mm.; elytra black, usually covered with dirt-
colored scales, their stria? very deep.

344. BITUBEROSUS.

Jf.k. Smaller, 2 mm.; elytra with an oblique clay-yellow stripe
reaching from humerus to the prominent tubercle of
declivity; stria? fine. 345 PAUXILLUS.

334 (8588). BAGOUS AMERICANUS Lee., 1876, 185.

Elongate-oblong. Black or brown, uniformly covered with a crust of
minute round ocellate silver-gray scales; antennae and legs pale reddish-
brown. Beak of male stout, shining, as long as thorax, very finely punc-
tate; of female more slender, one-third longer, the antenna? inserted about

TRIBE VII. KRIRIIIXIXI. 235

its middle. Thorax longer than wide, sides parallel on basal third, rounded
on middle third, broadly constricted near the tip, its sculpture hidden by
scales. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, humeral angles ob-
tuse, sides parallel for three-fourths their length, then converging to the
subacute tips; striae fine, distinctly punctured; intervals flat, the fourth
with a small obtuse tubercle on the declivity. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

Laporte, Marshall, Kosciusko and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce;
June 12 — Oct. 26. Near New York City at Collingswood and
Beesley's Point, N. J., June 30 — July 27. Ranges from Quebec
and New England to Michigan and Florida. This and the next
are very distinct by the elongate form, small, silver-gray ocellate
scales and very smooth, sericeous upper surface.

335 (— — ). BAGOTJS BLANCHARUI sp. nov.

Much smaller and more slender than americanus. Vestiture as there,
the entire surface very even, smooth and clothed with silvery gray ocellate
scales; antennae, except club, tibiae and tarsi pale reddish-brown; femora
black, reddish at base. Beak shorter than thorax, slender, cylindrical, al-
most straight, front with a small shallow fovea. Thorax subcylindrical,
as long as wide; disc broadly feebly constricted near apex. Elytra as in
americanus, intervals all flat, the fifth with a small tubercle on declivity.
Femora much more slender; tarsi more than half the length of tibia?, the
third joint not broader nor emarginate. Length 2.8 — 3 mm. (W. S. B.)

Tyngsboro and Dracut, Massachusetts; Sept. 20 — Nov. 10.
Collected by Blanchard ; set aside and labelled "u. sp.'' in his col-
lection.

336 (8584). BAGOUS MAMMILLATUS Say, 1831, 28; Ibid, I, 297.

Oblong. Black, densely clothed with fuscous scales, sides of thorax
indistinctly paler; elytra often with scattered small pale spots on the
sides; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown, club fuscous. Beak stout,
glabrous, shorter than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate; front with a
large fovea. Thorax as long as wide, sides behind the apical constriction
almost straight; disc with a broad but shallow median impressed line, the
sculpture hidden by the coat of scales. Elytra at base one-half wider than
thorax, humeri rounded, prominent; striae hidden, intervals flat on the
disc, convex on the sides, the second with a distinct tubercle behind the
middle, the fourth with another on the declivity. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Starke County, Indiana, rare; May 22. Recorded definitely
from Quebec, Ohio, Michigan, District of Columbia and Missouri.

337 (8594). BAGOUS PUSILLTJS Lee., 1876, 187.

"Elongate, rather slender. Black, clothed with dirt-colored scales;
elytra with a broad, toothed, transverse black band behind the middle;
antennae and legs brown. Beak as long as thorax, stout, curved, scaly.
Thorax about as wide as long, sides straight, suddenly rounded, narrowed
and strongly constricted near tip; elytra nearly one-half wider than

236 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN-ffi.

thorax, humeri prominent, oblique and rounded, sides nearly parallel, tips
rather broadly rounded; striae fine, intervals flat, the fourth with a small,
prominent tubercle. Length 1.8 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from Caprou, Florida.

338 (8585). BAGOUS SELLATUS Lee., 1876, 184.

Oblong. Black; head and three stripes on thorax pale gray; sides and
tips of elytra ash-gray, leaving a large, elongate common triangular space
black; antenna?, tarsi and tibia? reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, as
long as wide, sides parallel, disc strongly constricted near apex, rather
coarsely granulate, without impressed line. Elytra one-third wider at base
than thorax, humeri oblique, sides feebly divergent from base; stria?
rather deep, intervals convex, the first, third and fifth more elevated, the
fifth ending in a large conical tubercle. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from Georgia. Recorded from Cincinnati, Ohio,
and Fort Monroe, Va.

339 (8586). BAGOUS PLAXATTJS Lee., 1876, 185.

"Black, uniformly and densely clothed with dark ash-gray scales;
antenna? and feet dark brownish-yellow. Beak nearly as long as thorax,
punctured, nearly naked, stout, curved. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
sides parallel, suddenly constricted near apex; disc coarsely granulate,
feebly channeled. Elytra wider than thorax, humeri less oblique, prom-
inent; stria? fine, intervals very flat; fifth with a conical tubercle on the
declivity; third with a distinct but flat elevation at about two-thirds the
length. Length 3 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from Lake Superior and New York. ''Related to
mammUlatus but the stria? of elytra finer, intervals more flat, the
front tubercle hardly apparent and the scales purer gray." (Le-
Conte.}

340 (8587). BAGOUS OBLIQUUS Lee., 1876, 185.

Elongate-oblong. Black, densely clothed with dark brown and ash-
gray scales, the latter forming a broad stripe each side of thorax, and an
indistinct oblique pale band, beginning at humerus and reaching suture
behind the middle of elytra; also some spots on third and fourth inter-
vals; antennas and legs dark reddish-brown. Beak as long as thorax,
stout, curved, flattened above; front with a short, impressed line. Thorax
as long as wide, sides nearly straight, slightly wider in front of middle,
broadly constricted behind apex, coarsely granulate. Elytra nearly one-
half wider than thorax, humeri rounded; apex oblique, narrowly rounded;
striae deep, intervals slightly convex, the fourth with a distinct tubercle
on the declivity. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

Hudson County and Arlington, N. J., March 12 — IT. Fulton
County, N. Y. Ranges from Quebec and Xew England to Michi-
gan and Town, south to Florida. A small oblong species easily
known by the oblique pale band of elytra.

TRIBE VII. ERIRHIXIXI. 237

341 (8591). BAGOUS NEBULOSUS Lee., 1876, 186.

Oblong, rather robust. Black, clothed with dirty gray scales, varie-
gated with darker and pale ones; elytral markings indistinct, the most
conspicuous being a pale stripe extending on the fifth and sixth intervals
from the oblique impression to behind the middle, where it is bent at
right angles and runs to the suture; antennas and legs dark reddish-
brown. Beak slender, curved, as long as thorax, finely punctulate, naked
except at base. Thorax one-half wider than long, coarsely granulate,
sides feebly diverging from base to beyond middle, then rounded and con-
verging to the constricted apex; disc finely granulated. Elytra oblong,
one-third wider than rhorax, disc impressed obliquely at basal third;
humeri prominent, rounded; intervals slightly convex, each with a row
of short white inclined bristles. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

Lowell, Mass. ; Blanchard collection. Described from Port
Huron, Michigan.

342 (8596). BAGOUS TRAXS VERSUS Lee., 1876, 188.

Oblong-oval, less convex. Black, covered with blackish-gray scales;
antennas and legs nearly black. Beak stout, curved, as long as thorax,
naked, punctulate, subcarinate near base; frontal fovea large. Thorax very
finely granulate, sides sinuate. Elytra uneven, marked with vague im-
pressions, one-half wider than thorax; posterior callus large, obtuse, strise
fine, intervals feebly convex. Length 2.3 mm.

Known from Detroit, Mich., and District of Columbia.

343 (- -). BAGOUS OCHRACKUS sp. nov.

Short, oval, robust. Piceous, everywhere densely clothed with a
crust of dirty yellow scales; antennas and legs dark red. Beak rather
slender, curved, as long as thorax, densely scaly, finely and densely
punctate. Tnorax one-third wider than long, sides broadly rounded,
strongly constricted near apex. Elytra oval, one-fourth wider at base
than thorax, humeri rounded, sides evenly converging to declivity, then
more strongly so to apex; strise deep, intervals convex, each with a row
of fine whitish recurved seta?; the tubercle on declivity scarcely evident.
Tibia? and tarsi short, stout. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dubois County, Indiana; May 11 — 26. Six specimens beaten
from oak and taken on the wing. The dirty yellow coating is
thicker and more dense than in any other species.

344 (8595). BAGOUS BITUBEROSUS Lee., 1876, 188.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, usually covered with dirt-colored scales;
antenna?, tibia? and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, shorter than
thorax, finely carinate, densely punctate. Thorax as wide as long, sides
straight to apical third, then suddenly rounded and strongly constricted
near apex; disc feebly channeled on basal half, finely and densely gran-
ulate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, stria? deep, coarsely punctate

238 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

at bottom; intervals convex, fifth ending in a large tubercle on the de-
clivity, third slightly wider and more convex than the others. Length
3—3.5 mm.

Dunedin, Florida; Feb. 24 — April 6. Taken beneath boards
along the margins of ponds. Fort Capron, Enterprise and
Tampa, Florida; very rare (Schivarz). Recorded also from Dis-
trict of Columbia, Michigan, Iowa and Kansas.
345 (— — ). BAGOUS PAUXILLUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Piceous-black; above clothed with clay-yellow and dark
brown scales, the paler ones covering the head, most of the thorax and
forming a broad, uneven stripe along each side of elytra, these merging
across the declivity; four small spots across base of thorax and a large
triangular discal one on elytra dark brown; under surface of body and
apical halves of femora sooty brown; antennae and remainder of legs red-
dish. Beak one-half as long as thorax, stout, naked and finely punctate
near apex; front with an elongate fovea. Thorax subcylindrical, as long
as wide, sides straight, feebly constricted near apex, disc finely and
densely granulate-punctate. Elytra broadly oval, one-third broader at
base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides straight to declivity: intervals
feebly convex, minutely setose, the fifth with a prominent tubercle on de-
clivity. Length 2 mm. (W. S. B.)

Guilford, Connecticut, August 22. Several specimens in Blan-
chard collection labelled Massachusetts. Notable for the color
arrangements of its scales, small size, short beak and large ely-
tra 1 tubercle.

Tribe VIII. TYCHIINI.

Oblong or oblong-oval, convex, rather robust species, thickly
clothed with pale pubescence, sometimes interrupted by brown
or yellow spots or bands; beak usually long and slender, the
antennae inserted far behind its tip ; scape not passing front bor-
der of eyes, funicle 6- or 7 -jointed, club wholly pubescent; thorax
without ocular lobes; ventral segments less unequal in length
than in Erirhinini, strongly prolonged backward at the sides, the
prolongations of the second segment sometimes reaching the
fourth, covering entirely the edges of the third (Fig. 22, d) ; tibiae
with a spine at tip ; tarsal -claws usually either appendiculate or
toothed. Synopses of Tycliius and Tliysanocnemls are given by

Casey, T. L. — "Coleopterological Notices, IV — Tychiini" in
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892, 411—426.

KEY TO EASTERX GENERA OF TYCHIIXI.

«. Angles of second ventral segment not extending to the fourth.
b. Claws appendiculate, i. e., armed at base with a short broad tooth;
form elongate-oblong; length less than 4 mm. I. PROCTOP.I/S.

bb. Claws toothed or simple; form more oval.

TRIBE VIII. TYCHI1XI. 239

c. Fourth ventral suture indistinct; beak very slender, not carinate;
pubescence coarse. II- THYSANOCNEMIS.

cc. Fourth ventral suture distinct; beak carinate.

d. Thorax not constricted near apex; beak stout; elytra dark
brown, with a single pale cross-band behind middle.

III. PLOCETES.

eld. Thorax distinctly constricted behind apex; beak slender; elytra
with a black cross-band at middle, bordered both before and
behind with an irregular band of yellowish-white scales.

IV. CHIONANTHOBIUS.
aa. Angles of second ventral segment extending to the fourth.

e. Elytra with tubercles of tufted hairs. V. TYLOPTERUS.

ee. Elytra not tuberculate.

f. Tips of elytra conjointly rounded, covering the pygidium.

VI. TYCHIUS.
ff. Tips of elytra separately rounded; claws simple.

VII. PARAGOGES.

I. PROCTOBUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "anus.")

Small oblong species resembling Dorytomns in general ap-
pearance and having the beak as long or longer than thorax, cyl-
indrical, curved, punctured; antenna? inserted at its apical third,
scape slender, reaching the eyes, funicle 7-jointed, the first joint
as long as the next two, 2 — 7 nearly equal, short, gradually
wider; eyes rounded, widely separated; ventral segments un-
equal, third and fourth together not longer than second. Encalus
Lee. is now included with Proctorus.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PROCTORUS.

a. Femora not toothed; beak as long as thorax, rather stout, densely
punctured, not striate. 346. ARMATUS.

«o. Femora minutely toothed; beak longer than thorax, much more slen-
der, striate and punctured on basal half. 347. DECIPIENS.

346 (8687). PROCTORUS ARMATUS Lee., 1876, 212.

Elongate-oblong. Black or piceous, thinly clothed with white and
dull yellow hairs, the former condensed to form a short humeral stripe
and some small scattered spots on elytra; antennae, tibite and tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, feebly im-
pressed near tip, disc rather finely and densely punctured. Elytra
elongate-oblong, one-third wider at base than middle of thorax, humeri
prominent, rounded, sides parallel to apical fourth; strife with large, deep
close-set punctures; intervals flat, sparsely and finely punctate. Length
3.4 — 3.8 mm.

Marquette, Mich., June 28. South side of Lake Superior. Of
the male LeConte says : The fifth ventral is as long as the three
preceding united and is divided by a transverse elevated ridge
into two parts, the front one being the larger and broadly con-

240 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

cave, the hind one much more deeply concave. On each side, at
the junction of the transverse ridge and margin, is a stout flat-
tened horn and on the middle of front margin of the segment is
a third shorter horn.

347 (8688). PBOCTORUS DECIPIEXS Lee., 1876, 213.

Elongate-oblong. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, clothed with white
and yellowish scale-like hairs, the latter forming a narrow sutural stripe;
elytra reddish-brown, with a broad transverse blackish band just behind
the middle; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax not wider than
long, sides broadly rounded from base to beyond middle, then strongly
converging to apex, disc coarsely and very deeply punctured. Elytra as in
armatus; striae coarsely punctured, intervals flat. Length 3 — 3.4 mm.

Ranges from Quebec and New England to Illinois, Northern
Michigan, Minnesota and Colorado. In form and color resem-
bles Hi/pcrodcs sohitus Boh. but widely different in structural
characters. Occurs on willow.

II. TIIYSANOCNEMIS Lee., 1S7G. (dr., "fringe" + "leg.")

Beak cylindrical, curved, as long as thorax and punctured
near base, male; usually longer, much more slender, almost
smooth, shining, female; antenna1 inserted at apical third or
fourth, male, at or behind the middle, female; scape slender,
reaching the eyes, which are large, rounded, prominent and
coarsely granulated; funicle T-jointed, first joint long and stout,
second slightly longer than third, 3 — 7 nearly equal; ventral seg-
ments unequal, first and second equal, third and fourth together
usually but slightly longer than second, fifth longer than third
and fourth united; pygidium perpendicular, partly exposed; fe-
mora unarmed; claws with a long tooth which curves inwards.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF THYSANOCNEMIS.

a. Elytral intervals subequal in width and prominence,
b. Elytra with a broad darker band at middle.

c. Pubescence long, very coarse; intervals of elytra each with a

single row of much longer lanceolate, subprostrate yellowish
or blackish scales; beak of female stout, as long as thorax;
front tibiae of male densely fringed with long hairs.

348. FRAXINI.

cc. Pubescence much shorter and finer; intervals each with a row

of broad, distant, suberect white scales; beak of female much

more slender, as long as head and thorax; front tibiae of male

without a fringe of hairs. 349. BISCHOFFI.

bl). Color uniform pale brownish-yellow throughout.

d. Beak of female much longer than head and thorax, strongly curved

antennae inserted behind its middle. 350. BALAXINOIDES.

dd. Beak of female not longer than head and thorax, feebly curved,

antennae inserted at its iniddle. 351. OCULARTS.

TKIP.IC viii. — Tvrimxi. 241

<tti. Elytral intervals distinctly alternating in width; elytra uniform pale
brownish-yellow. 352. HELVOLA.

348 (8689). THYSANOCNEMIS FKAXINI Lee., 1876, 214.

Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed with long,
very coarse reddish-yellow hair-like scales; elytra with a broad postmedian
transverse band, narrowed at the suture, less densely pubescent and of a
darker color. Antennae inserted at apical fourth of beak, male, at middle,
female. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly curved, disc narrow-
ed and slightly constricted in front, finely and densely punctured. Elytra
oblong, at base nearly one-half wider than thorax, sides parallel and nearly
straight to apical third, striae with large, close-set punctures; intervals
slightly convex, nearly smooth; front tibiae of male shorter, broader,
sinuate and densely fringed with long hairs on the innner side. Fifth ven-
tral broadly and feebly impressed. Length 3.2 — 3.7 mm.

Lake, Marion and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April 21—
June 8. Ithaca and West Point, N. Y., June X. Kanges from

™

New England and Canada to Illinois, south to the District of
Columbia. Occurs on ash (Fra.i-lnns) in the seeds of which it
breeds. Bred from hazel-nuts at Wooster, Ohio, in June. (Ditri/.)
The dark cross-bar of elytra is often very faint. Casey (1802,
42l>) redescribed this species under the name lutrridiihi, giving
the locality as Southern California. Later (1010, 128) he
corrected the locality but not the name. A comparison of
Indiana specimens with LeConte's type shows them to agree in
every particular. It is the only one of the five species at hand
having the front tibi;e of male densely fringed, and LeConte was
mistaken in making that a leading generic instead of a specific
character.

349 (— — ). THYSAXOCXEMIS BISCHOFFI sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, rather thinly clothed
with short clay-yellow and fuscous scales, the latter forming four indistinct
stripes on thorax and a broad, irregular V-shaped crossbar on elytra,
the angle of the V crossing the suture at or just behind the middle; this
dark bar often bordered behind near apical third with a narrow angulate
cross-bar of pale scales; antennae and legs pale brownish-yellow; scutellum
grayish-white. Beak of female very slender, as long as head and thorax,
antennae inserted at middle; of male somewhat stouter, one-fifth shorter,
antennae inserted at apical third. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
sides strongly rounded, suddenly narrowed and constricted near apex,
disc finely and densely punctate Elytra shorter and broader than in
fraxini; stria? with fine, close-set punctures; intervals flat, finely granu-
late, each with a row of large, suberect whitish scales. Third and fourth
ventrals distinctly longer than in fraxini, each very little shorter than the
second. Fifth ventral not impressed. Length 3.2 — 4 mm. (W. 8. B. )

Marion County, Ind., June 22. Bowmanville, 111,; August 1.1
— Sept. 4. IJloomsburg, X. J. ; Leng collection. Commonly con-

242 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

fused in collections with fraxini but very distinct by characters
given in key and by the much broader thorax and longer third
and fourth ventrals. Named in honor of Edward A. Bischoff, of
Newark, N. ,L, who has taken this and many other interesting
species in New Jersey and at other points near New York City.

350 (— — ) THYSANOCNEMIS BALAJXTINOIDES Scha?ff., 1908, 217.

Elongate-oval. Pale brownish-yellow throughout, above very thickly
clothed with lanceolate, yellow, hair-like scales, each interval with a row
of wider ones. Beak of female very slender, polished and almost impunc-
tate; of male one-third shorter, slightly stouter, finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Antenna? inserted at basal two-fifths, female, just in front of
middle, male, first joint of funicle very slender, as long as the next three,
second nearly twice as long as third, 3 — 7 oblong, subequal. Thorax short,
three-fourths wider than long, sides strongly curved, suddenly narrowed and
feebly constricted near apex; sculpture hidden by the dense transversely
placed scales. Elytra oblong-oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax,
sides parallel to apical third, then broadly rounded to apex; striae fine,
their punctures small, close-set, each closed with a small oval yellow scale.
Under surface of abdomen thickly clothed with pale yellowish hairs, of
sterna with small silvery-white elliptical scales. Suture separating fourth
and fifth ventrals obsolete except near the margins in female, more distinct
in male, the fifth ventral with a large, deep, median circular impression
in the latter sex. Length 3.2 — 4 mm.

Lake County, Ind., June 5. Edgebrook, 111., July 20; taken
in numbers by Liljeblad. Known also from New Jersey and
Texas. More elongate and paler than ocularis, with much longer
and very strongly curved beak. The abdomen of female appears
to have but four ventral segments on account of the almost obso-
lete fourth suture.

351 (— -). TIIYSAXOCXEMIS OCULARIS Casey, 1910, 129.

Form of fraxini, less robust. Brownish-yellow, thinly clothed with
paler, rather short scales, the intervals with single rows of longer suberect
ones. Beak of male short and thick, of female more slender and one-fourth
longer. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides strongly curved, narrowed
and constricted near apex, disc finely and densely punctate. Elytra
two- fifths longer than wide, stria? shallow, rather coarsely punctate. Legs
with long sparse hairs on the inner side; front tibia? of male broadly sinuate
at apical half. Fifth ventral smaller than in fraxini and not impressed.
Length 3—3.2 mm.

Knox County, Ind., June 8. Described from Towa. Distin-
guished from frtt.riiii by uniform color, thinner and shorter vesti-
ture and unimpressed fifth ventral, and from Itelrolii. which it
resembles closely, by the equal elytral intervals.

352 (8690). THYSANOCNEMIS HELVOLA Lee., 1876, 214.

Oblong, convex. Uniform pale brownish-yellow, clothed with short
silken yellow hairs; legs yellow. Beak nearly alike in the sexes; longer

TRIBE VIII. TYCHIINI. 243

than head and thorax, very slender, strongly curved, nearly smooth; an-
tennae inserted at apical two-fifths, male, just behind the middle, female.
Thorax twice as wide as long, sides strongly rounded, disc finely and densely
punctured, subcarinate. Elytra elongate-oblong, one-fourth wider at base
than thorax, striae impressed; intervals nearly flat, the third and fifth
wider and a little more convex. Male with fifth ventral medially impressed
and pygidium very large and conspicuous. Length 3.3 — 3.8 mm.

Posey Coimty, Ind., rare. Bloomsburg, Trenton and South
Jersey, N. J., August G — Sept. 3. Ranges from Ontario and New
Jersey to Illinois, south to Kentucky and District of Columbia.
Breeds in seeds of ash.

III. PLOCETES Lee., 1870. (Gr., "curled" + "form.")

Beak stout, as long as thorax, ea.rina.te, coarsely and densely
punctured and with three fine elevated lines on each side; an-
tennae inserted one-fourth from its tip, scape not quite reaching
eyes, funicle T-jointed, first joint stout, as long as the next three
united, second slightly longer than third, 3 — 7 subequal ; third
and fourth ventrals but little shorter than first and second, fifth
one-half longer than fourth; pygidium covered; legs stout, femora
with a small tooth beneath; tarsal claws with a long, slender
tooth not bent inwards. One species is known.

353 (8691). PLOCETES TJLMI Lee., 1876, 213.

Elongate-oval. Black, clothed with small brown and piceous scale-like
hairs; elytra with an irregular transverse band of white pubescence on
apical third, the hairs more dense near the suture; scutellum white; an-
tennae and legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax scarcely wider than long, sides
feebly rounded, narrowed in front of middle; disc densely and deeply punc-
tured and with a narrow smooth median line. Elytra conjointly oval,
subdepressed, nearly one-half wider than thorax; striae fine, their punctures
quadrate; intervals flat, densely rugose. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana ; May 11 — June 22. Taken on
leaves of sedge near borders of ponds. Batavia and West Point,
N. Y., June 3. Occurs throughout New Jersey, June — July.
Ranges from New York to Michigan, south to Florida. "On elm,
making a similar noise to the plum curculio." (Riley.} On the
button-bush, CephalantJuis oc<-i<l<'iil<ilis L. (Ulke.) The basal
half of elytra is brown, the apical half largely velvety-black.

IV. CHIONANTHOBIUS Pierce. 101 2-b. ( Gr., "snow blossom" -j- "to

live on.")

Beak slender, cylindrical, curved, as long as thorax, male, as
head and thorax, female; antenna* inserted at apical third, male,
at middle, female, funicle 7-jointed, the first joint as long as the

244 SfHFAMILY X. CflJCf LIOXIXJE.

next two, the others diminishing in length; eves very large, nar-
rowly separated, coarsely granulated; tarsal claws cleft into two
strong teeth which are nearly subequal in length.

354 (— — ). CHIONANTHOBIUS SCHWARZII Pierce, 1912-b, 168.

Oval, very robust. Dark reddish-brown, closely covered with scales
which completely hide the body; head, beak, legs and antennae pale reddish-
brown; scutellum white; elytra with five irregular crcssbands of elongate
scales, viz., humeral band golden; narrow post-humeral band white; median
band broad, brownish-black with spots of varying length; postmedian band
white, very irregular; apical band golden-brown with black spots of varying
length; under surface with white and yellow scales. Beak of male striate,
carinate and sparsely punctate; of female, more slender, very sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax strongly narrowed in front, sides straight on basal third.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax; striae feebly impressed, evenly
punctate, the punctures closed by scales; intervals flat. Length 5.5 mm.

Plnmnier's Island, Md. ; July 0 — August 11. Taken in num-
bers by Schwarz, the adults feeding on the berries of the fringe
tree, Chionanthus rirf/ii/ica L., the larva3 developing in the seeds.
Enterprise, Florida. July 10. ( Ent. News XXVII, 144.)

V. TYLOPTKRUS Lee., 1870. (Or., "protuberance" -{- "wing.")

Beak slender, curved, cylindrical ; antennae inserted one-third
from its tip; scape slender, reaching the eyes, fuuicle 7-jointed,
first joint as long as the two following, second slightly longer
than third; club elongate-oval; eyes large, narrowly separated;
ventral segments 1 — 4 snbequal, fifth as long as third and fourth
united; femora not toothed; claws with a large tooth near base.

355 (8692). TYLOPTEKUS PALLIUUS Lee., 1876, 215.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Piceous-brown, densely clothed with pale
yellow and ash-gray scale-like hairs, which wholly conceal the sculpture;
antennae and legs reddish-yellow. Elytra each with a large callus or tuber-
cle on the third interval at the declivity, and with two irregular cross-bars
of brown hair, one just in front of the callus, the other starting from an ob-
long black spot near middle of suture and running obliquely forward to the
third interval each side: the two brown bars separated by a very narrow un-
dulating white one; first, third and fifth intervals elevated behind basal
third and bearing a few minute tufts of black hairs; scutellum white. Beak
naked, shining, the basal half finely and sparsely punctured. Thorax slight-
ly wider than long, sides feebly rounded from base to beyond middle, then
strongly converging to the much narrowed apex. Base of elytra one-third
wider than that of thorax and strongly elevated above the latter. Length
4 mm.

Posey County, Ind., rare; April 12. St. Louis, Missouri.
Beaten from the buds of wild grape. Recorded heretofore only
from Texas. Breeds in berries of Forcxtcrift. entering the ground
to pupate. (Tit'i-cc, 1010.)

TIMMK VIII. TVriHINI. 24."

YL TYCIIIFS Schon., 1S2(>. ( L. A proper name.)

Small oval or elongate-oblong- species (Fig «'»!)) having the
beak somewhat swollen at base and feebly nar-
rowed toward apex; t'miicle (I- or T-jointed, its
two basal joints longer, the others short, sub-
equal ; ventral segments unequal, first and second
longer, snbeqnal, third and fourth together
longer than second, the sntnral angles of second
extending over the sides of third to the fourth
69 T>-/II,« (Fi<" "< d> : tips of elytra conjointly rounded,
s ci«ab' (After*" wn°llv Concealing the pygidium. Four species
Wood.) an(| one variety, all having the fnnicle 7-jointed

and the elytra without erect seta1, are known from our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TYCHITS.

a. Beak thick, only feebly diminishing in size from bace to apex; scales

of upper surface all very narrow and hair-like.

I). Body broadly oval: second joint of funicle but slightly shorter than

first; larger, 4 — 4.7 mm. 356. SORDIDUS.

lib. Body more elongate; second joint of funicle much shorter than

first, but little longer than third,
c. Smaller, 2.3 — 2.5 mm.; thorax slightly longer than wide.

357. PICIROSTRIS.

cc. Larger, 3.5 mm.; thorax wider than long. 358. LILJEULADI.

art. Beak thick at base, becoming much more slender toward apex; elytra

with a few scattered rounded scales mingled with the narrow ones;

length 3 — 3.6 mm. 359. ARATOR.

356 (8696). TYCIIII-.S snuninrs Lee., 1876, 217. •

Oval, convex, robust. Black, densely and uniformly clothed with small
slender scales, silvery gray to yellowish in color and slightly more con-
densed along the suture. Beak barely as long as thorax, slender, straight,
cylindrical, pubescent except at tip, finely and densely punctate, feebly
striate. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly and evenly curved,
apex scarcely one-half as wide as base; disc deeply and densely punctate.
Elytra oblong-oval, much wider than thorax, one-fourth longer than wide;
striae well impressed; intervals flat. Hind femora feebly toothed. Length
4 — 4.7 mm.

Ranges from Illinois and Iowa to Louisiana and Texas.
Pierce states (1007, 27:>) that in the latter states it breeds in
the seed pods of the wild or false indigo, liii/tti.^in hr<i<-/c<it<t FA].,
and B. lciif<intJiu T. & G. The larva1 eat the pod clean, then eat
their way out and pupate in the ground. Many scattered scales
of the elytra an1 glistening metallic yellow.

356a (- — ). TYCIIIUS SOEDIDUS CAROLINE Casey, 1910, 134.

Differs from typical sordid us in having the thorax notably smaller, the
sides less rounded and more rapidly converging from base; scutellum

24<i SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

broader, less densely incrusted with scales; elytra more elongate, a fourth
longer than wide, their vestiture more uniform, not so evidently mingled
with isolated glittering scales. Length 4 mm.

Southern Piues, North Carolina.

357 (— -). TYCHU*S PICIROSTRIS Fab., 1787, 101.

Elongate-oval. Piceous to dark reddish-brown; above usually densely
and evenly clothed with narrow hair-like, yellowish-gray scales, beneath
with oval, silvery-white ones; antenna?, apical third of beak and legs pale
reddish-brown. Beak about as long as thorax, densely scaly from base
to insertion of antennas at apical third, female, or apical fourth, male,
beyond which it is smooth, shining, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides feebly curved from base to middle, thence
rounded to apex which is scarcely constricted; disc densely and finely punc-
tured, the punctures hidden by scales. Elytra at base one-fifth wider than
thorax, sides feebly converging from base to apex, which is rather broadly
rounded; striae very fine, punctured; intervals flat, each with two rows of
scales. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

Ithaca, Batavia, Waterville and Mc"Lean, N. Y. ; April 1-
July 31; common locally, especially on pear trees. (Knif/Jit.)
"In extraordinary numbers at Lake Champlain/' (Casey.} Paris,
Maine, Mt. Washington, N. H., Sherborn and Framingham,
Mass. ; mating June 21 — July 9. The pubescence varies much
in density, in thinly clothed specimens the apical half of elytra
showing dull red beneath the scales. Lives in Europe in cap-
sules of the red clover, Triform iu prate use L. This is the Miccotro-
gus picirostris of Europe. However, in the genus Miccotrogus
of Schonherr the funicle has but six joints, whereas the present
species has seven distinct ones. It is therefore retained in Ty-
cliius. It is also the Tycliius griscus of Schseffer (1008, 217.)

358 (— — ). TYCHIUS LILJEBLADI sp. nov.

Form and size of arator. Color and vestiture much as there, the elytra
without scattered rounded scales. Beak very feebly tapering from base to
apex; antennae inserted at its apical third; second joint of funicle one-half
the length of first. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides almost
straight from base to middle, then strongly rounded to apex. Elytra as in
arator. Femora unarmed. Length 3.5 mm. (W .8. B.)

Steuben County, Indiana, July 16. Resembles arator in
general appearance but the beak as in sonlirtits. from which it
differs by its smaller size, more narrowed form, shorter second
funicular joint and unarmed femora. Named for Euiil Liljeblad
of the Field Museum, Chicago, whose collection of Rhyncho-
phora placed at our service has furnished much valuable in-
formation for this work.

TRIBE VIII. TYCHIIXI. 247

359 (8694). TYCHIUS AKATOR Gyll., Schon., 1836, 414.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Black, densely clothed throughout with
elongate, strigose, dark clay-yellow scales, with a few paler, larger, non-
strigose ones on apical half of elytra; antennae and apical third of beak
pale reddish-brown; legs darker. Beak feebly curved, scaly and punc-
tured as in picirostris. Basal joint of funicle as long as the next two;
second two-thirds as long as first. Thorax one-third wider than long, apex
less than one-half as wide as base, disc finely and densely granulate-punc-
tate. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax, one-half longer than wide,
deeply striate, the strial punctures indistinct; intervals convex, alutaceous.
Hind femora with a small acute tooth. Length 3 — 3.6 mm.

Recorded from Illinois, Missouri and Texas.

VII. PARAGOGES Lee., 1870. (Gr., "protracted.")

Small oblong species having, in addition to the characters of
generic key, the beak as long or longer than thorax, rather slen-
der, cylindrical, nearly straight; antenna? inserted at apical
third, scape not reaching eye, funicle 6-jointed, first and second
joints longer, 3 — 6 gradually slightly broader; club oval, an-
nulated, the first joint larger than the others combined ; femora
not toothed; tarsi spongy beneath, third joint broader, bilobed;
pygidium partly exposed. One species is known from Califor-
nia and another is herewith described from Florida.

360 (— — ). PAKAGOGES MINIMUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with dull reddish and
dirty whitish scales, the latter oblong, much the larger, arranged transverse-
ly on the thorax and along the intervals on the apical third of elytra; scutel-
lum white; antenna? and legs paler reddish-brown. Beak stout, as long as
thorax, almost glabrous, grooved each side above and behind the antennae.
Eyes rather large, rounded, narrowly separated, coarsely granulated. Thorax
as long as wide, sides feebly curved, constricted near apex; disc finely and
densely punctate. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base than thorax, sides
straight to middle, then broadly curved to the separately rounded tips;
striae with coarse, close-set punctures, each of which is closed by an elongate
whitish scale; intervals flat, rugose, each bearing behind the middle a
row of the large, distant, oblong white scales. First ventral coarsely and
sparsely punctate; remainder of abdomen almost impunctate and glabrous.
Length 1.5 mm. (W. S. B.)

Ft. Myers, Fla., March 11; taken by sweeping. The large
white scales are so arranged as to form an ill-defined W-shaped
mark across the apical third of elytra, immediately in front of
which is a large, faint darker blotch across the suture.

1*48 STBFAMILY x. — crucruoxixjE.

Tribe IX. OTIDOCEPHALINI.

Snout beetles of a peculiar ant-like form, due to the thorax
being longer than wide, narrowed at base and somewhat pedun-
culate, and the elytra elongate-oval, convex, usually widest be-
hind the middle and rounded at tip. Except in EmiUm-nx they
have the beak rather stout, straight and subcylindrical ; anten-
nal grooves converging behind and directed below the eyes,
which are rounded and finely granulated; antenna1 inserted about
•one-third from tip of beak; scape long, slender, reaching beyond
middle of eyes; funicle T-jointed, first joint stouter, but only
slightly longer than second, ."> — 7 rounded, gradually a little
wider; club oval, pointed, pubescent; thorax without postocular
lobes; prosternum short, broad, not emarginate; ventral segments
nearly equal, their sutures straight; legs rather long; front and
middle coxa1 rounded, the former prominent; hind cox;e oval;
femora somewhat clavate, usually toothed; tibia1 truncate at tip,
without spines; tarsi dilated, spongy beneath, the third joint
broader, bilobed; claws with a broad, not very prominent tooth.
The majority of the species are shining black, with sparse, erect
seta1. About '11 species, belonging to three genera, represent the
tribe in the Tinted States, ten of which are known from our ter-
ritory. The literature treating of them is as follows:

Horn. (!(•<>. H. — "Othloci'irtuilitx''- — '!!! Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,
XIII, 187.",, 448.

T. L. — "Coleopterological Notices, IV — Otidoeephal-
ini," In Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sri., VI, 18!)i>, 42<i.

. ClniK. — "Xew Rhynchophora — II" in Journ. X. V.
Eut. Soc., XV, 1!)07, 75.

KEY TO GEXKKA OF OTIDOCEPHALIXI.

«. Beak long and slender, extending to third ventral segment of abdo-
men; scape not reaching eyes; joints of funicle elongate.

I. Ei;oni.S( i s.
(ia. Beak much shorter and stouter; scape reaching middle of eyes: outer

joints of funicle rounded.
b. Elytra elongate-oval; humeri and inner wings present.

II. OTIDOC'KPIIAI.rs.

lib. Elytra ovate, rounded on sides; humeri and inner wings absent.

III. OOl'TKRIM'S.

I. ERODISCI s Schon., 18LM5. (Or., "like a heron.")

In this genus the beak is very slender, tapering, finely stria!:'
and coarsely punctate on sides, male, very finely and sparsely
punctate near base, female; antenna- inserted at apical third,

TRIBE IX. OTIIKH'KL'IIALIXI. L-'lO

male, at middle, female; joints of funicle all elongate, subequal,
and somewhat obconical ; eyes large, oblong-ovate, flattened;
thorax oblong-ovate, strongly narrowed behind, the hind angles
prominent, acute; elytra oblong-ovate, convex; femora strongly
clubbed toward apex, toothed beneath. The genus is placed in a
separate tribe in the Biologia but our single species is more con-
veniently included here.

361 (8602). EuoDiscrs TINAJITS Lee., 1884, 30.

Black, shining, clothed with a very few long, erect, white hairs; antennae
and tarsi reddish-brown, legs piceous. Head finely alutaceous, minutely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax very convex in front, tubularly constricted
at base, deeply, very sparsely and evenly punctured. Elytra not wider than
thorax, very convex, tips rounded; disc with rows of deep, distant punc-
tures. Length 4.5 — 6 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Fla., May 1.0. The types were from Cape Ju-
piter. Known only from southern Florida.

II. OTIDOCEPHALUS Chev., 1832. (Or., "owl"+ "head.")

This genus, sufficiently characterized under the tribal head-
ing, is represented in our territory by eight species. They are for
the most part gall-infesting weevils, though Pierce (1916)
records some species as breeding in twigs.

KEY TO EASTERN SPKCIKS OF OTIDOCKPII ALLIS.

a. Femora toothed; beak in both sexes without a large dorsal excava-
tion.
b. Thorax and elytra uniform black or piceous, the latter with erect

seta?; tarsal claws with a large, acutely angulate internal tooth.
c. Tooth of femora large, triangular.

d. Elytra with stiff, erect, white seta?, intermingled with longer

more slender, blackish hairs, all arranged in single rows on

the intervals; strial punctures of elytra feebly impressed,

rather coarse, deep and somewhat distant. 362. FI.ORIDANUS.

>!<!. Elytra with only long blackish, erect seta?, forming single rows

on the intervals. .'!<;:'.. MYR.MKX.

cc. Tooth of femora small, narrow.

e. Eyes separated by much less than one-half their width; thorax

almost without punctures. 364. i..i:\ icoi.i.is.

ee. Eyes widely separated.

/. Head very sparsely punctate and with a large elongate fovea
between the eyes; elytra strongly widened behind the mid-
dle and with only a few short white setae toward the apex.

365. CIII-A KOI, ATII.

ff. Head closely and coarsely punctate and without a fovea be-
tween the eyes; elytra feebly widened behind and with nu-
merous long setae. 3G6. SCUOKK OLLIS.

250 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.E.

66. Thorax and basal half of the elytra pale reddish-brown; elytra with-
out erect setse; tarsal claws broadly swollen within toward base,
but not at all angulate. 367. DICHROUS.

aa. Femora not toothed; beak of male with a large and very deep exca-
vation near the middle.

g. Body wholly black; head sparsely punctate. 368. CAVIROSTRIS.

gg. Body reddish-brown; elytra blackish except toward base; head

coarsely and closely punctate. 369. POEYI.

362 (10,966). OTIDOCEPHALTJS FLORIDANUS Casey, 1892, 433.

Subcylindrical, slender. Black, shining; above bristling with long,
sparse, white and piceous erect setae, indiscriminately mingled, the piceous
ones longer and thinner. Head sparsely but distinctly punctate, without
frontal fovea. Beak short, thick, scarcely two-thirds as long as thorax,
striate near base, its sides coarsely and closely rugose-punctate. Thorax
much longer than wide, widest at middle, sides feebly curved, disc finely,
sparsely and unevenly punctate. Elytra more than twice as long, and be-
hind the middle twice as wide as thorax; intervals with minute and very
remote punctures. Length 4 mm.

Jacksonville, Ormond, Sanford and Dnnedin, Fla. ; Feb. 17 —
Apr. 14. Beaten from oak. Known only from Florida. "A slen-
der species, somewhat resembling- nii/niic.r in form, but distinct
in the mixture of long white and blackish setee, the longer elytra
and in the snbcyliudrical and not obovate thorax." (Casey.}

363 (8605). OTIDOCEPHAIAJS MYRJIEX Hbst, 1797, 56.

Elongate, subcylindrical. strongly convex, the sides slightly compress-
ed. Black, shining, the upper surface with numerous long, erect, blackish
hairs; those on under surface and legs white, condensed in a narrow line
along the sides and on the scutellum. Beak short, stout, basal half bisul-
cate above. Head coarsely and sparsely punctate, frontal fovea very small.
Thorax obovate, strongly convex, slightly longer than wide, apex wider
than base; disc with sides almost smooth, the middle rather coarsely and
sparsely punctate, the hairs pointing forward. Elytra oblong, sides almost
parallel, widest at apical fourth; disc with rows of rather coarse, feebly
impressed, rather close-set punctures. Tibiae distinctly sinuate beneath.
Length 3.8 — 4.5 mm.

Marion and Orange counties, Ind., scarce; May 30 — June 1.
Beaten from oak and hickory. Abundant near New York on
hickory, grape, hazel, oak and other plants in June and July.
Ranges from Quebec and New England to Iowa, south to Georgia.
A common species, distinguished by its narrow form, long blackish
and somewhat abundant setae of the upper surface, and the large
triangular femoral tooth.

364 (8608). OTIDOCEPHALUS L^VICOLLIS Horn, 1873, 451.

Black, strongly shining; antennas and tarsi piceous; upper surface very
sparsely covered with moderately long, erect seta?, white in color but
becoming blackish on the front of disc of thorax, and shorter and denser

TRIBE IX. OTIDOCEPIIALINI.

251

near its base, very remote in single rows on the elytra; scutellum and
sternal side pieces densely white pubescent. Beak coarsely punctate and
rugose on sides, feebly sulcate above between the antennas. Head very con-
vex, sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax but slightly longer than wide at
middle, strongly narrowed toward base, very minutely and remotely punc-
tate. Elytra twice as long, and, behind the middle, nearly twice as wide
as thorax; disc with rows of fine, rather distant punctures. Length 3.3—
4.3 mm.

Abundant near New York City on hickory., May to July.
Ranges from Fall River, Mass., and Litchfield, Conn. (June 14),
to Ohio and southward to Texas. Riley states that it has been
bred from Cynipid galls on oak. Easily known by the large,
prominent, approximate eyes and fine, unimpressed punctures of
the elytral rows.

365 (8607). OTIDOCEPHALUS CHEVROLATII Horn, 1873, 450.

Subcylindrical, strongly convex. Black, polished, almost glabrous
above; scutellum and a narrow line along sides of
lower surface with dense white hairs. Beak short,
polished, the sides with two coarsely punctured sul-
ci. Thorax about one-third longer than wide, the
apical two-thirds strongly convex, basal third nar-
rowed; disc sparsely and very coarsely punctured,
more densely toward apex. Elytra less than twice
as long as wide, broadly oval, very convex; disc
with rows of very fine, rather close-set punctures,
those on the sides impressed. Femora with a min-
ute acute tooth; tibise almost straight. Length
3.7—4.5 mm. (Fig. 70.)

Frequent throughout the northern half
of Indiana; less so southward; May 21-

Iig'f,7o°nt ^viebwetjf head' June 1^ ' beaten from oak. Abundant near
(Original.) New York City on elm, hickory, grape, hazel

and other plants, June and July. Ranges from New England and
Quebec to Iowa, Georgia and Texas. Pierce (1916) states that
it breeds in galls of Atupliibolips on live oak trees in Texas.
Readily known by the large frontal fovea, wide, strongly inflated
elytra and almost glabrous upper surface. This is the 0. myrme-
codcs of Chevrolat, which name Avas preoccupied.

366 (8606). OTIDOCEPHALUS SCKOBICOLLIS Boh., Schon., 1843, Pt. 2, 205.

Black, shining, bristling with long, coarse, erect, blackish setae, with
a few short, paler, subrecumbent hairs interspersed. Head and beak
coarsely, closely and unevenly punctate; beak not quite as long as thorax,
rugosely striate on the sides. Thorax obovate, base strongly narrowed;
disc coarsely, deeply and densely punctured, more sparsely on the sides

252 SCBFAMILY X. <TIt(TLIOXIXJE.

Elytra oblong-ovate, strongly convex, slightly wider behind middle than
at base, disc with feebly impressed rows of rather coarse, close-set punc-
tures. Femoral tooth minute, acute. Length 4 — 4.2 mm.

Yaphank, L. I., July 13; various localities in Xew Jersey.
Ranges from New York and Pennsylvania to Ohio, Georgia and
Texas. Readily known by the sparse dual vestiture, coarse sculp-
ture and long, slender, feebly toothed femora.

0. cora- Champ., a Mexican species, differing from scrobicollis in its
more abundant black and white erect seta? and in having the elytral rows of
large punctures distinctly impressed, has been reported from Terza, Miss,
by Harned.

367 (8610). OTIDOCEPHALUS DICHEOUS Lee., 1876, 191

Elongate, subcylindrical, less convex above than usual. Reddish-brown,
shining; elytra piceous-black in apical half or two-thirds, very sparsely
clothed with very short, recumbent white hairs. Head with a deep, oval
frontal fovea; eyes large, coarsely faceted. Thorax nearly one-half longer
than wide, sides feebly rounded; disc rather sparsely, coarsely and unevenly
punctate. Elytra elongate-oval, gradually wider to behind the middle;
disc with distinctly impressed rows of rather coarse, close-set punctures.
Femoral tooth very small. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Arch (."reek, Fla., March 21. "Fort ('apron. Enterprise and
Lake Harney, rare; on dead palmetto leaves." (*SV7//rr/r.r.)
Known also from Georgia.

368 (10,969). OTIDOCEPHALVS CAVIROSTIUS Casey, 1892, 437.

Black, polished; legs, beak and antennas piceo-rufous. Body almost
glabrous. Beak robust, but little more than half as long as thorax, strongly
though not densely punctate and with a large, deep excavation just behind
the middle in male. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, widest at two-
fifths from base; disc finely, evenly and rather closely punctate. Elytra
scarcely more than one-half longer than thorax, gradually widened and in-
flated to behind the middle, strongly convex; disc with rows of feebly
impressed rather close-set punctures. Length 1.9 mm.

The unique male type is from southern Florida. Both it and
the next species are easily separated from all the others by the
unarmed femora and the dee}) median excavation of the beak in
the male.

369 (- -). OTIIKH Ki-iiALrs POEYI Chev., 1832, 107.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, the antenme. legs and basal fifth of
elytra paler. Head densely and coarsely punctate. Beak three-fourths
as long as thorax, coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax obovate, strongly
convex, finely and rather densely punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, scarcely
twice as long as thorax, strife finely punctate, the intervals with a very few
suberect white hairs. Length 2.5 mm.

TRIBE X. - MAGDALIXI. 253

Key Largo, Florida. A Cuban species which occurs sparingly
in southern Florida. Scluvffer suggests that possibly rur
and HH'I/I are the same.

III. Ooi-TERixrs Casey. 1S92. (Gr., "egg" + "wing.")

This genus differs from ()ti<!o<-c/>Ji(ilnx in having the eyes very
small ; elytra ovate, rounded on the sides, widest a little before
the middle, gradually narrowed and acutely rounded behind;
humeri obsolete, scutellum wanting.

370 (8609). OOPTERIXUS PERFORATTS Horn, 1873, 451.

Elongate-oval. Brownish-piceous. shining, antennae and legs still paler;
upper surface with sparse, rather short, semi-erect whitish setge. Head
sparsely, coarsely punctate and with a small, rounded frontal fovea. Beak
rather stout, feebly curved, about as long as thorax, coarsely and irregular-
ly punctate. Thorax obovate, longer than wide, strongly narrowed toward
base, very coarsely, deeply and densely punctate. Elytra two-thirds longer
than wide, with rows of very fine distant punctures; intervals with minute,
distant pum-tures. each bearing a slender, white, recurved hair. Femora
"broadly emarginate near apex, not toothed. Length 3.3 — 3.7 mm.

Deer Park. Maryland, April I. Pennington Gap, Ya.. June
27. Clayton, Georgia, July. Recorded also from Pennsylvania,
Towa, Michigan and Cincinnati, Ohio. The elytra are sometimes
pale reddish-brown. "Fts being pallid, only suffused with piceous,
and entirely apterous, point strongly to a subterranean habit,
probably living on bulbs or other roots." (Hamilton.} Breeds
in cynipid galls on roots of oak. ( Pierre.)

Tribe X. MAGDALINI.

The members of this tribe differ from all others having the
front coxa' contiguous by the hind angles of thorax being acute,
prominent and more or less produced over the base of the elytra.
In addition, they have the beak slender, cylindrical, as long as
thorax; antennal grooves reaching the lower edge of the eyes
which are rounded and distant from the thorax; antenna* usually
inserted near the tip, male, or about the middle, female, slender,
feebly elbowed; scape slender, slightly clavate, curved near the end
and usually reaching the eyes; elytra oblong, subdepressed, widely
separated at base by the scutellum, separately rounded at tip ex-
posing part of the pygidium ; ventral segments unequal, first and
second long, connate, 3 — .1 short, equal; front coxa* contiguous.
prominent; middle and hind ones not widely separated, the latter
small, oval; femora not club-shaped, sometimes toothed; tibiie

254

SUP.FAMILr X. CURCULIONINJE.

strong!}' clawed at tip; tarsi spongy beneath, the third joint
broader, bilobed ; claws variable. One genus represents the tribe
in the United States. The principal papers treating of its mem-
bers are by

Horn, G. H.— "Magdalis"— in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XITI,
1873, 452.

Fall, H. C.— "A Brief Review of Our Species of Magdalis with
Notes and Descriptions of other N. Am. Rhynchophora,"
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXIX, 1913, 23—72.

I. MAGDALIS Germ., 1817. (A proper name.)

To this genus, as above characterized, belong about 22 species
and four varieties from the United States, of which 12 species and
one variety occur in our territory. The males have the dorsum

Fig. 71. Mayda/is (ciicscens Lee. a. Adult; b, larva:
c, pupa, all X <J. (After Chittenden.)

of the abdomen with eight segments while the females have but
seven, and therefore a much longer pygidium than the male, in
which sex it is twice as broad as long. All are more or less pub-
escent when fresh, but the pubescence is easily removed and
usually lacking in cabinet specimens. All are bark borers, pupat-
ing in the wood of partly dead or dying trees. For convenience
they are separated into two groups.

KEYS TO GROUPS OF EASTERN MAGDALIS.

a. Claws simple; thorax not serrate on the sides except in barbicornis.

GROUP I.

oo. Claws toothed at base; thorax serrulate or dentate on the sides near
the front. (Fig. 71.) GROUP II.

GROUP I.

To Ihis group, which has been especially treated by Fall, be-
long six species and one variety from our territory. He separates
them as follows :

TRIBE X. MACHALIXI. 255

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Antennal club normal in both sexes.

b. Femora not toothed, the front ones obliquely impressed at base on
the lower surface; hind angles of thorax feebly produced and
scarcely at all turned outward.

c. Elytral intervals wider than the striae; sides of thorax in front

nearly straight; length 3—4.5 mm. 371. HISPOIDES.

cc. Elytral intervals narrower than the striae; punctuation very
coarse; sides of thorax gradually curved; length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

372. PERFORATA.

bb. Femora toothed, not impressed at base; hind angles of thorax more
or less produced and divergent.

d. Antennae inserted distinctly behind the middle of beak in both

sexes, at basal two-fifths in male and basal one-third in female.
e. Black, lustre dull; thoracic punctures not confluent toward the
middle. 373. AUSTEBA.

ee. Black, elytra with dark blue or greenish lustre; thoracic punc-
tures longitudinally confluent toward the middle.

373a. var. SUBSTRIGA.
eld. Antenna? inserted at or beyond the middle in the male and about

or slightly behind the middle in female.

/. Elytra with a bluish tinge; antennae of male inserted at the

middle, of female at basal two-fifths; beak of male as long as,

of female, distinctly longer than thorax. 374. GENTILIS.

//. Black, opaque; antennae of male inserted distinctly beyond the

middle of beak. 375. ALUTACEA.

eta. Antennal club of male greatly elongate and thickly clothed with erect,

velvet-like hairs; femora not toothed. 376. BARBICORXIS.

371 (8620). MAGDALIS. HISPOIDES Lee., 1876, 418.

Elongate, wedge-shaped. Black, feebly shining. Beak as long as
thorax, slightly curved, coarsely not densely punctured; antennae inserted
behind its middle, first joint of funicle much stouter than second. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides nearly straight, feebly constricted near
apex; disc densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra at base one-fourth
wider than thorax, sides straight, feebly diverging from base; striag not
impressed, composed of close-set quadrate punctures; intervals flat, each
with a row of minute punctures. Body beneath finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Length 2.5 — 4 mm.

Ottawa, Canada. April 5. Ranges from Newfoundland and
Maine to Michigan and British Columbia, south to Washington,
D. C., and New Mexico. Occurs on pine.

372 (8611). MAGDALIS PERFORATA Horn, 1873, 453.

Elongate, wedge-shaped. Black, strongly shining, antennae and tarsi
piceous. Beak nearly as long as head and thorax, strongly curved, rather
finely not closely punctate; antennae inserted near its middle. Thorax long-
er than wide, sides parallel behind the middle, base strongly bisinuate;
disc coarsely, deeply and densely punctate. Elytra gradually wider behind;

2.~)<> SUBFAMILY X. (TIK TJ.IOXIX.E.

disc with striae of large, deep, close-set, quadrate punctures; intervals
very narrow, each with a row of minute punctures. Under surface coarse-
ly and deeply punctate. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

On pine near New York City, May to July. Enterprise, Fla.,
April 14. Ranges from Canada, Xew Hampshire and Massachu-
setts to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida. Easily recognized
by its narrow elytral intervals and coarse, dense sculpture. Oc-
curs mainly on white pine.

373 (- -). MAGDAI.IS AUSTERA Fall, 1913, 29.

Elongate-oblong. Dull black, elytra often with a faint tinge of blue.
Beak slightly longer than thorax, feebly curved, finely and rather densely
punctate; front with a small, deep fovea. Thorax wider than long, strong-
ly constricted near apex, base strongly bisinuate; disc densely and finely
punctate, often with a trace of a fine median smooth line. Elytra parallel
or nearly so in male, slightly widened behind in female; striae with rows
of coarse, oblong, feebly impressed punctures; intervals nearly flat, rugose,
each with a row of rather coarse punctures. Femoral tooth small, acute.
Length 3 — 4.5 mm

Lake and St. Joseph counties, Tnd. ; frequent locally on the
gray pine, P'utus diruri<-<ttci Ait.; May 2.~» — Tuly 11. Ranges from
Maine and Ontario, Canada, to Michigan, south to North Caro-
lina. Occurs on white and other pine. The small size, more par-
allel elytra, dull black hue and rougher surface sculpture distin-
guish it from M. Icconlci Horn, which name it doubtless bears in
many collection, Iccontcl not being found east of the Rocky Moun-
tains.

373a (- -). MAODALIS ATSTERA SUBSTRIGA Fall, 1913, 29.

"Black; elytra dark blue or greenish, moderately shining. Second
joint of funicle less than twice as long as wide and shorter than the two
following united. Thorax closely punctate, the punctures becoming more
elongate toward the middle, where they are more or less conspicuously
longitudinally confluent. Elytra evidently but not strongly widened behind,
the intervals as in auxtera. Length 3.2 — 4 mm." (Fall.)

West Point, N. Y., June 1. Wales. Maine, June 22. Described
from Tyngsboro. Dover and Brookline, Mass., and Peekskill,

N. Y.

374 (8621). MAGDALIS GEXTILIS Lee., 1876, 418.

Elongate-oblong. Black; elytra with a bluish tinge. Beak curved,
finely and closely punctured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
parallel from base to middle, thence rounded to tip which is tubularly con-
stricted; disc densely not coarsely punctured. Elytral striae feebly impress-
ed, their punctures close-set: intervals nearly flat, wider than the stria?,
finely reticulate and bearing small rugose punctures. Femoral tooth
large, acute. Length 4 mm.

TRIBK X. MAGDALIXI. 257

Described from Lake Tahoe, Cal. Fall records it with doubt
from Paris and Kineo, Maine; Fitzwilliam and Mt. Washington,
New Hampshire. Occurs on spruce. A specimen from Newfound-
land in the Leng collection is also doubtfully referred to this
species.

375 (8627). MAGDALIS ALUTACEA Lee., Bull. IT. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv., IV,
1878, 463.

Black, opaque, alutaceous. Beak of male stout, alutaceous, slightly
wider beyond the base of antennae which is at apical third; of female more
slender, less dull, antennae inserted at middle. Head rather sparsely
punctate. Eyes of male separated by only one-half, of female by three-
fourths, the width of the beak. Thorax slightly longer than wide, hind
angles acute, divergent, surface densely, not coarsely punctate. Elytral
intervals rather wide, flat, the stria? not impressed. Length 4.2 mm.

Southport, Maine, July, August. Occurs in high altitudes
from New Hampshire, Lake Superior, Banff, Alberta and Van-
couver to New Mexico; probably boring in the terminal twigs of
pine. "Differs from gent His by the divergent hind angles of
thorax, less convex and less deeply striate elytra, with wider in-
tervals which are not rugose but alutaceous." (LcContc.)

376 (- -). MAGDALIS BARBICOKNIS Latr., 1804, 103.

Black, subopaque; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Club of male very
long, fuscous; of female shorter, ovate. Beak short, stout, only as long as
head, dilated beyond the antennal insertion, which is about at middle.
Thorax as long as wide, sides rounded in front, disc somewhat flattened,
coarsely punctate, that of female with three foveae. Elytra deeply
striate-punctate, intervals convex, very finely strigose. Femora not toothed.
Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

West Point, N. Y., June 1. A European species taken on Long
and Staten Islands, N. Y., and on elm in June at Dorchester, Mass.
The male is easily known by the antennal club, which is as long
as the entire scape and funicle, and hairy. In the two females
at hand the thorax bears two or three blunt teeth each side in
front of middle, thus forming a connecting link with the next
group.

GROUP II.

Nine species of Magdalis having the claws toothed are known
from the United States, six of which occur in our territory. In
none of them does the scape of antenna' completely pass the eyes
as stated by Horn. All have the femora toothed.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II.

a. Mesosternum with an elongate tubercle between the middle coxa?;
head elongate-conical; length 4 — 6 mm.

Srr.FA. \IIF.V X. CUIMTLIOXIXJE.

1). Black; scutellum densely clothed with white pubescence; scape not

reaching the eyes. 377. BARBITA.

66. Reddish-brown, thorax and under surface usually black in male;

scutellum not distinctly pubescent; scape reaching the eyes in

female, passing their front margin in male. 378. ARMICOLLIS.

aa. Mesosternun? not protuberant; scape of antenna? usually reaching or

passing beyond the middle of eyes; black species.

c. Larger, 4.5 — 6 mm.; upper surface with distinct yellowish pubes-
cence; tibiae, tarsi and antennae usually reddish-brown.

379. OLYRA.

cc. Smaller, not over 4 mm.; upper surface without yellowish pubes-
cence; legs and antenna? black or piceous.

<L Head elongate-conical; thorax densely punctate; elytral stria?

deep. 380. SALICIS.

(Id. Head broadly conical; thorax much more sparsely punctate;

elytra feebly striate.

e. Hind angles of thorax broadly flattened to form thin plates

covering the basal edge of elytra; disc of thorax distinctly

alutaceous between the punctures. 381. PAxnri:1..

ee. Hind angles of thorax not flattened; disc of thorax feebly

alutaceous; elytral striae very slightly impressed .

382. IXCOXSPH r v.

377 (8615). MACDALIS BARBITA Say, 1831, 6; ibid, I, 265.

Elongate, wedge-form, robust. Black, feebly shining, antenna? and tarsi
piceous. Beak slender, cylindrical, alutaceous, nearly as long as head and
thorax, finely and rather closely punctate, female; one-third shorter, less
curved, slightly dilated near tip, male; antennae inserted near apical third,
female; at apical fifth, male. Thorax nearly as wide as long, sides feebly
curved and with a short spine arid several small teeth near the front angles;
disc rather coarsely, densely and shallowly punctate, with an abbreviated
narrow smooth median line. Elytra slightly broader behind, deeply striate,
striae coarsely punctured; intervals convex, transversely finely wrinkled.
Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate; femora toothed. Length 4 — 6 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana; May 13 — July 11. Usually
found beneath bark of recently dead oak and hickory. Many
records from New Jersey. <1aldwell to Anglesea ; May and June.
Ranges from New England .and Canada to Dakota, south to
(Jeorgia, Kentucky and Texas. "The larva1 live in great numbers
in the bark or between it and the wood of dead and felled hicko-
ries, the beetles being most abundant from the middle to the end
of June." (HoniixjtaH.] "Breeds also under the bark of elm,
pupating in cells in the bark." (Felt.) In Indiana the males of
this and the next species are far less common than the females.

378 (8625). MAGDALIS ARMICOLLIS Say, 1823, 312; ibicl, II, 175.

Form of barliita. Females nearly uniform pale reddish-brown; males
usually piceous to black, the antennae, tarsi and elytra more or less reddish-
brown. Beak of male stout, shorter than thorax, widened near tip, aluta-
ceous, finely and closely punctate; of female more slender, longer than

TIJIIiK X. MAGDALINI.

250

thorax more coarsely punctate. Thorax as wide as long, sides feebly curved,
serrate near apex; disc coarsely and very densely punctate and with a
faint median line. Elytra deeply striate, striae coarsely punctured; in-
tervals narrower, feebly convex, finely granulate. Abdomen of male
polished and impunctate along middle. Length 3.5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 72.)

Fig. -2. Adult, larva and pupa, X 9- (After Forbes.)

Common throughout Indiana, May 11 — Tu3y 25. New Eng-
land, New York and New Jersey; June — September. Range the
same as that of barlita. Breeds in and beneath the bark of elm.
According to Packard (1800, 220), "The burrows are about an
inch and a half long running with the grain and in the cambium
layer. From the cell at the end an exit pierces the bark as far
as the outer layer. The beetles usually attack the upper branches,
but several small elms were found with the bark of the trunk un-
dermined nearly to the ground." J/. jx.ilUda Say, described from
Indiana, is a pale form of the male of unnicoUls. Three males at
hand from Ithaca, N. Y., are wholly black.

379 (8617). MAGDALIS OLYRA Hbst., 1797, 6.

Form and size of barbita, which it closely resembles. Differs in charac-
ters given in key and in having the head more broadly conical; beak some-
what shorter; scape of antenna more slender, reaching middle of eyes in
male. Thorax with punctures much finer and hind angles more flattened
and divergent; striae of elytra less deep, more finely punctured; intervals
wider and less convex. Length 4 — (j mm.

Not yet recognized from Indiana. Willow Springs, 111., July
27. Many records near New York City. May — June. Ranges
from New England and Canada, to Minnesota, south to North
Carolina and Mississippi. Breeds under bark of hickory and oak.

260 SUBFAMILY X. CTIK TLIOXIXJH.

380 (8622). MAGDALIS SALICIS Horn, 1873, 455.

Elongate, slender. Black, feebly shining; tarsi piceous. Beak stout,
shorter than thorax, alutaceous, sparsely and finely punctate; antennae in-
serted at apical fourth, scape reaching middle of eyes, male; at apical third,
scape barely reaching eyes, female. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
nearly straight with two or three short, blunt teeth near apex; disc very
densely and rather coarsely punctate, with a trace of a median smooth
line. Elytra with sides parallel in male, distinctly widened behind middle,
female; intervals wider than the striae, convex, very finely, transversely
wrinkled. Length 3 — 4 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, scarce; Apr. 21 — June 14. North
Penobscot, Me., June 24. Described from the "Middle States."
Eecorded from Massachusetts by Fall. Bred from the chestnut
by Chittenden. The scutellum is often densely clothed with
white pubescence, though stated otherwise by Horn.

381 (8624). MAGDALIS PAXDUKA Say, 1831, 7; ibid, I, 265.

Oblong, robust, widened behind. Black, opaque, antennae and tarsi
often reddish-brown. Beak finely alutaceous, sparsely and finely punctate;
of male stout, shorter than thorax, widened near apex, antennae inserted at
apical fourth; of female more slender, longer than thorax, antennae insert-
ed just in front of middle. Thorax slightly broader than long, widest at
middle; sides feebly curved, denticulate on apical half; punctures of disc
separated by more than their own diameters, their intervals strongly
alutaceous. Elytra distinctly widened behind, rather deeply striate; in-
tervals feebly convex, minutely wrinkled. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the southern coun-
ties; May 3 — July 12. Occurs on elm and oak. Near New York
City in the Newark district, Westviile and shore counties. Ranges
from Ontario and Massachusetts to Wisconsin, south to Missouri
and Georgia. Bred from the black walnut, Juylans tti </>•(/ L.
(Fall.)

382 (8623). MAGDALIS IXCOXSPICUA Horn, 1873, 456.

Form of pandura. less widened behind. Black, opaque, antennae and
tarsi piceous. Beak of the sexes as in pandura, more sparsely and finely
punctate. Head broadly oval, very sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax
as wide as long, broadly constricted near apex and somewhat at base, the
middle of disc more convex; punctures less distinct than in pandura,
their intervals finely granulate. Scutellum small, black. Elytral striae
very feebly impressed, their punctures fine and indistinct; intervals flat,
minutely and densely granulate. Body beneath coarsely but not densely
punctured, abdomen more shining, sparsely and finely granulate. Length
3 — 4.5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana; June 4 — Inly 13. Hopatcong
and Caldwell, N. J. ; \Yest Point, N. Y., June 3, on butternut
leaves. (Robinson.) Ranges from Massachusetts and Ontario

TRIBE XI. CALAIS' INI. 261

to Dakota, south to Ohio, Missouri and Texas. The intervals of
elytra are flatter and have more of a silken lustre and the stria?
are much less distinctly punctured than in jHindiird.

Tribe XI. BALANINI.
THE NUT AND ACORN WEEVILS.

One genus, Balattiniis. of striking individuality, comprises this
tribe and includes the beetles popularly known as Nut and Acorn
Weevils. Their most obvious character is the bulky body com-
bined with the long and slender beak, which in the female of
some species is much longer than the body, though in others it is
as short or shorter than the body, while it is always shorter in
male. The beak is used by the female for drilling the holes in the
nuts or acorns through which the eggs are deposited in the kernel,
and is longer in proportion to the thickness of the husk and shell
of the nut. The mouth parts at the end of the beak are also pe-
culiar, the movement of the mandibles (Fig. 0) being vertical in-
stead of horizontal, as is usual in Coleoptera. The antennae are el-
bowed, very long and slender, funicle 7-jointed, club elongate-oval,
pointed, annulated and pubescent; eyes rather large, flat, nearly
rounded, finely granulated ; front coxa? contiguous ; thorax without
postocular lobes; scutellum distinct; femora clavate, strongly
toothed ; tarsi dilated, claws divergent, toothed. In general appear-
ance the beetles are ovate, broadest at base of elytra, tapering to-
ward apex, one-fourth to one-half inch in length, exclusive of beak,
brown, mottled with scales of lighter shade; the species resem-
bling one another so closely as to make specific identification
very difficult.

The sexes of most of the species are very dissimilar, the beak-
being invariably longer in the female, twice as long as that of the
male in the species attacking nuts which have a thick husk (Fig.
73, &. c.) ; not greatly longer, however, in the species attacking
annual-fruited oaks. The female is also usually larger than the
male, but some individual exceptions have been noted. The py-
gidium, fifth ventral and first and second ventral segments are
all modified in the male, these modifications being noted in the
keys and descriptions which follow. The fifth ventral segment
has usually a small apical area bare with a tuft of hair each side
more or less developed. The first and second ventral segments
are often broadly impressed or slightly concave, and there is often
a sharp cleft between the second and third segments, apparently
due to the position in which the beetle, as in the case of the some-
times protruded pygidium, has died, thus making the third seg-

202 Sri'.FAMILY X. (TIKTLIOXIX.E.

inent appear below the level of tlie second. Tliere is also ap-
parently some variation in the degree of development of the
sexual characters of the male. In the female the abdomen is
more convex, the last ventral rounded at tip or feebly concave,
the pygidium scarcely exposed and with short pubescence.

The species of Bulanhius attack chestnuts, hickories, pecans,
hazelnuts and acorns, the adults issuing from the earth where
the nuts have fallen in early summer, and laying eggs in the
young nuts from which hatch larva* that feed on the kernel until
full grown. The larva? leave the nut after it has fallen to burrow
in the ground for a distance varying from one to ten inches, and
fashion there a small cell in which they pass the winter. There
are variations in the length of adult life, some species completing
their oviposition quickly and dying soon after, this being the case
with those attacking hazelnuts; others continuing to oviposit all
summer. A small percentage of the larva? may remain for more
than one winter in their cells; and while some species are confined
to a single food plant, others are less exacting. It is possible that
all the acorn weevils can thus accommodate themselves to a
change of food plant in seasons of necessity. In some sections
the nut weevils become of economic importance; in West Vir-
ginia, Brooks (1910) states that the chestnut worms spoil at
times 2.") to 50 per cent of the crop which in each of several coun-
ties is worth $3,000 or more. The pecan worm does equal injury.
and acorns suffer to even a greater extent; so that it is apparent
that the genus Jinlunlnus is capable of costing nut growers $100,-
000 or more annually.

No effective remedy has been suggested; stomach poisons are
useless because1 the larv.ie, feeding within the growing nuts, can-
not be reached; and the same is true of contact poisons. Culti-
vation of the soil where nut trees are planted for profit will help
by destroying the hibernating larvie, and trapping in bunches of
dry leaves hung on the trees will farther reduce the number of
egg-laying adults. After the nuts are gathered, fumigation with
bisulphide of carbon will kill those larva' that have not hatched ;
scalding and drying to kill such larva\ and cold storage to arrest
their development, have also been recommended.

Interesting observations have been made on the natural ene-
mies of the nut weevils, including a bracon parasite. Urosif/al-
pluix (ininttnx Ashm., which deposits its egg in the orifice mad"
by the beetle and parasitizes 25 per cent, or less of the BaJaniunx
larva1; several species of ants which break into the earthy cells;
and larva? of predaceous Coleoptera. The short-tailed shrew also

TRir.IC XI. I'.ALANINI. 203

finds and devours the larva1 in tho ground beneath mil-bearing
trees, where a labyrinth of burrows made by the shrew in search-
ing for the larva' has been recorded. Davis has also noted (1007,
110) that the larva1 are cnt short in their development while still
in the acorn by squirrels, these animals biting a small part of
the cnp so as to expose the base of the acorn, which is then punc-
tured to ascertain by the odor if there is a larva within. If so,
the hole is enlarged and the larva eaten, but if no larva is pres-
ent the sound acorn is discarded. The principal papers dealing
with lialaninl taxonomically are by

Horn, <Sco. H.— I'roc. Am. Phil. Hoc., XTTT, 1873, 458—4(50.
IHuiiHuinl. Fmlericl-— Pull. Br. Ent. Hoc., YTI, 1884, 107-

108.
('tixcii. 77/o*. L.— Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., TX, 1807, 055—004;

(1sin. Ent. XLTI, 1010, 114—128.
<1ltitl<-iHl<-n. F. H.— Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, 1008, 10—20.

I. BALAXIXUS Germ., 1821. (Or., "an acorn.")

When Horn in 1873 published a synopsis of North American
Baltntlitus he recognized but six species. Since that time 30 addi-
tional forms have been described from the United States, many
of which are doubtless synonyms. Of these Plain-hard and Ham-
ilton each described one; Casey, in the two papers cited, 20, and
("hittenden five. Of the 42 nominal species 20 have been recorded
from east of the Mississippi River. After a careful study of the
descriptions and a long series of specimens, we have concluded
that only ten of the 20 are to be regarded as really valid species.
Of the remaining 10, eleven are, without much doubt, synonyms
or mere varieties, while the remaining five have been described
from scanty material and without accurate information as to food
plants. These are difficult to recognize with certainty and are,
therefore, not included in the keys, but are hereafter briefly
1 reared without definite reference to previously described species.
All five are evidently closely related to ronfttxor. The ten species
which we regard as valid beyond doubt are for convenience sepa-
rated into two groups as follows:

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN I5ALAMXUS.

a. Beak of female conspicuously longer than body. GROUP A.

act. Beak always curved and shorter than body, or at most equal thereto;

pygidium of male convex, hairy; all species found on oak except

obtitsits. which breeds on hazel. GROUP B.

264

SIT, FA M I L Y X. C URCULION I X JE.

GROUP A.

Our four- species of this group are separated as follows :

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CROUP A.

a. First joint of antennal t'unicle shorter than second; larger, 8 — 11 mm.;
pygidium of male with silken hairs; occurs on chestnut.

383. PKOBOSCIDEUS.

aa. First joint of funicle not shorter than second, usually much longer.
b. Surface clothed with hairs; femoral tooth rectangular, strong; tibia?
at tip strongly mucronate; pygidium of male convex, punctate,
hairy; length 7 — 9 mm.; occurs on hickory. 384. CARY.-E.

bb. Surface clothed with scales.

c. Beak of female straig'nt nearly to end; pygidium of male concave,
fimbriate; length 8.5 — 9 mm.; cccurs preferably on biennial-
fruited oaks, (quercus Horn=male. ) 385. RECTUS.
cc. Beak of female regularly curved from base to apex; pygidium of
male with tuft of hair; length 4.5 — 7 mm.; occurs on chestnut.

386. ALGOXQUIXUS.

383 (8965). BAI.ANI.XU.S PROBOSCIDEUS Fab., 1775, 142.

Ovate. Dark brown, densely clothed with golden or clay-yellow scale-
like hairs; thorax at middle
usually broadly fuscous; ely-
tra with fuscous spots irregu-
larly but closely placed; body
beneath densely clothed with
pale yellow silken scales. Beak
often nearly twice as long as
body, female, not longer than
body, male, straight at base,
curved at tip. Elytra each
separately rounded at tip.
Femoral tooth broad, trian-
gular, its apex more acute,
directed outwards. Male with
joints of funicle shorter, 6 or

Fig. 73. a, Female beetle; b, same in outline 7 Combined equal to scape;
from side; c, head, beak and antenna of male. All fifth Ventral Segment truncate,
X 3- (After Chittenden.)

with a small glabrous area at

apex and a tuft of hair each side. Pygidium of female scarcely exposed,
with short sparse pubescence. Length 8 — 11 mm. (Fig. 73.)

Not yet taken, but should be found in southern Indiana.
Occurs from Massachusetts and Rhode Island (Providence, Aug.
19), to North Carolina on the Atlantic roast, westward to south-
ern Ohio, Tennessee and Kansas, appearing in August and con
tinning to November. Known as the larger chestnut weevil and
breeds in native and imported chestnuts and chinquapins. It has

TRIBK XI. P.ALAN I XI.

265

been observed in West Virginia by Fred E. Brooks, to issue from
the earth late in August, laving its eggs through the spines of the
bur, an operation noted in one instance as occupying 56 minutes.
The larvae (Fig. 74) eat the nuts, falling within them and then
leaving them to burrow into the ground, where they remain as

a, d I

Fig. 74. Larger chestnut weevil,
male pupa; d, eggs. All enlarged.

a, Larva; b, c, fe-
(After Chittenden.)

larvae until the following July, when pupation takes place. B.
caryatrypes Boh. is now regarded as a synonym of proboscideus
and the latter is easily known from all other American species by
its having the second joint of funicle longer than first.

The following names have been proposed for two smaller, more
western forms Avhich we regard only as varieties :

B. hariolus Casey, 1910, 114. Smaller, less stout and more acuminate,
with slightly coarser elytral striae, shorter legs and beak; fifth ventral of
male feebly impressed, with apex moderately sinuate and briefly, sinuately
beveled. Length 8 — 8.5. Indiana. (?)

B. cylinclricollis Casey, 1910, 114. Smaller, more slender, vestiture al-
most uniform pale gray; beak shorter and nearly straight; thorax not con-
stricted at apex. Length 7.5 mm. Tennessee.

384 (8962). BALANIIVUS CARY.E Horn. 1873, 460.

Ovate. Brownish, subopaque, very sparsely pubescent with yellowish
hairs; above and beneath less mottled than usual. Beak of female much
longer than body, that of male shorter, very slender, slightly thickened
basally. First joint of funicle longer than second. Thorax wider than
long, sides strongly curved, slightly sinuate in front; disc moderately con-
vex, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytra oval, moderately convex;
striae punctured, intervals flat, roughly punctured. Scales beneath paler,
narrow, hair-like. Femoral tooth large, prominent, with the outer edge
perpendicular, forming with the apex of the femur a right angle which is
not rounded. Fifth ventral of male subconcavely flattened, sparsely clothed,
apex broadly and feebly sinuate; last ventral of female more deeply im-
pressed. Length 7 — 9 mm. (Fig. 75.)

Vigo Co., Ind., scarce; Oct. 15. Batavia, New York, Sept. 14.

200

Sri'.FAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Fig. 75. Pecan weevil, a, Female; b, side view
of : ame in outline: c, head, beak, antenna of male.
All X -l/2. (After Chittenden.)

Extends from New York to
the Gulf States, westward
to Iowa. In Texas the fe-
male begins to oviposit in
August, and in Georgia
larv;v have been found in
nuts as late as January.
This species, known as the
pecan weevil, attacks hick-
ory and pecan nnts and was
originally bred from hick-
ory nuts by John Akhnrst
and described from bred
specimens. Its habits have
been repeatedly observed but it may be interesting to quote the
statement by Brooks that one hour and fifteen minutes is re-
quired to drill the hole through which the egg is deposited.

385 (8963). B ALA MM s RKCTUS Say, 1831, 16; ibid, I, 279, female. (B.
qitercus Horn, 1873, 458, male.)

Oblong-ovate. Brownish, clothed with pale brown hair-like scales,
nearly uniform on thorax; elytra rather closely spotted with pale orange,
somewhat confluent into short transverse lines. Beak longer than body,
straight nearly to end, then curved downward, female; slightly shorter than
body and curved throughout, male; extremely slender, not at all enlarged
basally in either sex. First joint of funicle longer than second. Thorax
one-third wider than long, sides rather strongly curved, surface densely
punctured, very sparsely pubescent, slightly denser along median line.
Elytra oval, gradually narrowed to tip, disc moderately convex, striate,
stria? punctured; intervals densely but not roughly punctured. Femoral
tooth with cuter edge oblique, the entering angle obtuse, not rounded. Py-
gidium of male deeply concave at tip, the concavity smooth, shining and
surrounded by an acute rim which is t'imbriate with long hairs. Fifth
ventral with a small, partially denuded medial area in apical half.
Length 8.5 — 9 mm.

Northern half of Indiana, frequent; not yet taken but proba-
bly occurs in the southern counties; August '2'.\ — Oct. 10. Abund-
ant from Massachusetts to Michigan and Colorado, south and
southwest to Florida and Texas. This is the best known species
attacking acorns of biennial-fruited oaks, especially those of
(Jiicrciifi nilira. cocchtcii. rrliitiim and intl>rh-<iri<i, the adults oc-
curring from July to October and having the habit, not known in
other species, of sealing the egg-hole with excrement, thus form-
ing a whitish spot.

The following names have been proposed for a number of
forms here included under the name rcctuft, viz. :

TKII'.K XI. UALANIXI.

B. orthorJiyn chits Chitt., 1908-a, 2G. Smaller (G.2 — 7.5 mm.); femoral
tooth small, acutely produced distally, its entering angle rounded. De-
scribed from West Virginia.

B. cuneatus Casey, 1910, 115. First and second funicular joints long
and equal in length, each a little shorter than the third and fourth
combined. Length 8.8 mm. West Virginia.

B. sparsellus Casey, 1910, 116. Elytra more cuneiform, more elongate
and more gradually acute behind; second funicular joint of male but little
shorter than the first. Length 8.5 mm. New Jersey.

The student may be in position to associate these names with
part of his specimens, but to us they seem unnecessary, as we
regard them at the most as mere varieties.

386 (— -). BALANINUS ALGONQUINUS Casey. 1910, 118.

Oblong-ovate. Moderately slender, elytra subacute at tip. Piceous,
clothed with brownish hair-like scales; thorax with a paler line near the
side; elytra with numerous pale yellow, more or less confluent spots, some-
times forming bands; metasternum of male in well preserved specimens
with a small rounded, condensed patch of yellow scales each side of median
line. Beak of female nearly twice as long as body, of male shorter than
body, strongly curved in both sexes. First joint of funicle longer than
second, the bristling black setae at the apical part of the other joints
sometimes unusually conspicuous. Thorax of female longer than wide, of
male as wide as long; disc densely punctured, the median line slightly ele-
vated. "Femoral tooth small, larger in female, the entering angle rounded.
Male with pygidium convex at tip, punctured and pilose; fifth ventral
flattened or impressed medially, a more or less dense tuft of hair each side
of apex; fifth ventral of female more or less transversely concave. Length
4.5—7 mm. (Fig. 76.)

Crawford Co., Ind., scarce; May 24. Occurs from Canada to

North Carolina, westward
to Tennessee, the adults ap-
pearing in July and contin-
uing to October, rarely sur-
viving until the following
year. This is the B. rcctiis
of Horn, Blanchard and
most writers on economic
entomology, and is known
as the smaller chestnut
weevil. It often deposits its
a, Female, eg-gs jn the nuts after the
burs have opened, leading
to the larva? remaining in the nuts after thev are gathered and

Lesser chestnut weevil,
view of same: c,
(After Chittenden.)

Fig. 76.
X s; b, side view of same; c, head of male.

208 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.K.

developing during the winter. The fact that this lesser chestnut
weevil was not the true rccttis of Say was first set forth by Casey.
He has given (1010. 118) descriptions of four forms, each of
which seems applicable to the weevil in question. We have there-
fore adopted the first one given as the specific name. The other
three proposed by him are as follows:

B. setosicornis. fifth ventral of male flattened medially, subglabrous
posteriorly, a dense tuft of hairs each side of apex, the two patches nearly
contiguous medially. Length 6.2 — 6.5 mm. West Virginia

B. macilentus, fifth ventral of male more scantily clothed; form nar-
rower, vestiture looser. Length 6 — 6.5 mm. West Virginia.

B. perexilis, fifth ventral of male pubescent at tip; "fifth ventral
female (?) with deep rounded concavity in about apical half;" very small
and slender, by far the slightest in form. Length 4.5 — 4.8 mm. New Jersey.

These names do not seem to indicate more than individual
variations, here introduced to indicate the tendency to variation
in secondary sexual characters. The deep rounded concavity of
fifth ventral described by Casey in itcic.rilis female is present in
a male of dhjcnnjiiiniift, length f>..~) mm., from Crawford County,
Indiana; it seems merely an exaggeration of the usual male char-
acter in this species, and leads to a doubt of the sex of Casey's
specimen.

GROUP B.

Our six species of this group are separated as follows; the
first and the last being the more strongly differentiated species.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Outer edge of femoral tooth forming a right angle with femur; beak

of male distinctly shorter than that of female.

b. Beak of female nearly or quite as long as body; femoral tooth
strong; pubescence mottled; fifth ventral of male concave with
tuft of hair each side; length 5 — 7.5 mm.; on oak, preferably an-
nual-fruited species. 387. XASICUS.
1)1). Beak in bcth sexes shorter than body.

c. Hairs of pygidium of male produced into a closed tube; pubescence
spotted; occurs on oak. 388. PARDALIS.

cc. Pygidium of male with a simple tuft of hairs.

d. Femoral tooth stronger; beak of male scarcely half the length

of body.

e. Femora stout and more strongly inflated; scape of antennae as
long as three basal funicular joints united; thorax more
curved at sides and more distinctly narrowed at base than
in nasicus, with the sublateral stripe of pale scales more evi-
dent; elytral vestiture variegated with a transverse pale
band near apical third; occurs on Qitercus ncuia.

389. CONFUSOR.

TUH'.K XI. P.ALANIXI. 20!)

ee. Femora less stout; scape as long as joints one and two of fun-
icle united; thorax more narrowed at base, its sublateral
stripe less evident; vestiture less dense, causing a sooty ap-
pearance; occurs on Q. alba and other biennial-fruited oaks;
length 5.5 — 7.5 mm. 390. BACULI.

(Id. Femoral tooth weaker, the femur clavate or swollen beneath the
tooth forming a small erect denticle at summit of swelling;
beak of male more than half the length of body; scape as in
bacilli; length 5.5 — 6.5 mm. Southern states only; probably on
oaks. 391. HUMERALIS.

act. Outer edge of femoral tooth oblique, forming an obtuse angle with
lower edge of femur; beak nearly equal in the two sexes; pubescence
condensed on and behind scutellum; length 6 — 8 mm. Occurs on
hazel. 392. OBTUSUS.

387 (89G1). BALANIXTS NASICUS Say, 1831, 16; ibid. I, 279.

Oval, robust. Dark chesnut brown, densely clothed with dark brown
and clay-yellow scales; the latter forming a broad stripe each side on basal
half of thorax and large scattered spots with a tendency to form bands on
elytra; scales of under surface paler and broader. Beak of female about
as long as body, that of male shorter, evenly curved in both sexes; first
joint of funicle longer than second. Thorax short, distinctly wider than
long, sides broadly curved, constricted behind apex; disc coarsely and dense-
ly punctate. Elytra triangular, the sides scarcely curved and converging
very rapidly to apex. Femoral tooth strong, triangular, its cuter edge
perpendicular, forming with the apex of the femur a right angle which is
not rounded; tibia?, especially the hind ones, feebly mucronate. Pygidium
of male with moderately long silken hairs; of female scarcely exposed, with
short, sparse pubescence. Length 5 — 7.5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana; April 25 — Sept. 4. Lake City
and Dunedin, Fla., Oct. 31. Ranges from Massachusetts and
Canada west to Kansas and Colorado, south to Florida. Found
from April to October on various species of oak.

The Balanini occurring on oaks, which do not possess the dis-
tinctive characters of rcctus, viz.: a straight beak in female and
concave fimbriate pygidinm in male, are far from a homogeneous
assemblage. In possessing a curved beak that is scarcely ever
longer than the body in female and notably shorter in male, they
do agree, but there are differences even in the length of beak, and
still more noticeable differences in color, mac-illation and develop-
ment of femoral spine. Say's name nasicus clearly applies to all
such specimens as cannot be identified with one of the descrip-
tions that follow, because misicus was the first in respect to date.
This may lead the student, whose material comes from widely
separated regions or includes depauperated or other unusual in-
dividuals, into grouping under this name a more or less hetero-

x. — rrucr

geneous mass of specimens, of which the extremes seem mis-
placed. Such a result is, however, preferable, in our opinion, to
attempting to associate names with individual specimens or even
groups of specimens without strongly correlated structural and
biological characteristics. In retaining (as species) inirddlis,
confusor. haciili and JunucraUs, we have been guided in part by
their recognition by field workers and their established ecological
relation with oaks of different species.

388 (- -). BAI.ANIXUS PABDALIS Chittenden, 1908-a, 25.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, densely clothed with
clay-yellow scales; elytra strongly mottled with small brown spots, these
sometimes united and forming bands. Beak of female four-fifths as long
as body, that of male less than two-thirds, enlarged at base and apex,
moderately curved. First funicular joint longer than second; scape as
long as next three joints. Thcrax one-fourth wider than long, strongly
curved near middle, narrcAvecl near apex, the lateral pale stripe well de-
veloped. Femora strongly clavate. not reaching beyond elytra, the tooth
large and prominent, its entering angle nearly right. Fifth ventral of male
flat at middle, strongly bilobed at apex. Length 7.2 — 7.6 mm.

Wells County, Ind., scarce; Sept. S. Occurs from Rhode Is-
land to North Carolina, westward to Arkansas and Texas. Bred
from acorns of (Jm'rcits plfitiiiionlt'N, rcliilhm, pcdiinciilata. alba
and priitHK. This species differs from nfisicus by the shorter and
thicker beak with apical extremity enlarged in male, by shorter
femora and more spotted elytral vestiture.

Casey (1910, 123) separates somewhat doubtfully B. virgin ic-us on
account of its longer legs, beak of female longer, not enlarged apically in
either sex. Length 7.2 — 7.6 mm. West Virginia.

389 (11,213). BAI.A.MXUS COXFVSOK Hamilton, Can. Ent., XXV, 1893, 309.

Form, shape, color and vestiture similar to that cf uasicns. the sublat-
eral stripe of paler scales on thorax and transverse pale band near apical
third of elytra more evident. Beak about as long as elytra, or two-thirds
the length of body in female, shorter in male, thickened and punctured at
base. First joint of funicle longer than second. Femora stouter, and more
strongly inflated than in nasicus with the tooth much smaller and oblique.
Male with pygidium convex, punctate, covered apically with long yellow
hairs; fifth ventral with subglabrous space at tip, a tuft of hair en each
side. Length 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, rare; July l*. Beverly Hills, Chicago.
111., May L'1. Batavia, X. Y. ; July 4 — ll*. Known from Massa-
chusetts and New York to northern Illinois, south to North Car-
olina. Distinguished from IKIX'H-IIN by the shorter beak, and from

TKI1510 XI. - BALAXIXI. 1*71

other short-beaked species by the banded elytra as well as by the
characters given in key. It is the first short-beaked eastern species
described. Reared by Hamilton from acorns of bear or scrub
oak, QttercHS uana Marsh, a biennial-fruited species; and by
Brooks from chestnut oak, (4>. jti'inus L., an annual-fruited
species.

390 (- -). BAI.AMXUS BACUI.I Chitt, 1908-a, 20.

Elongate-ovate. Sooty or brownish piceous; vestiture scant, composed
of short pale gray scales beneath; elytra with many small, dull brown in-
conspicuous scaly areas, or "almost black with a dusky gray aspect, due to
the short whitish hairs which are scattered thinly over the body." Beak
of female three-fifths as long as -body, more thickened at base; of male
slightly shorter, scarcely half as long as body. First joint of funicle longer
than second. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides almost parallel on
basal third then strongly converging and sinuous to apex; disc densely and
rather finely punctate. Femoral tooth small, acute, with entering angle
weak and rounded. Male pygidium with long tuft of yellowish hairs; fifth
ventral with a very small apical bare area, showing the margin with a tuft
of hairs each side. Length 5.5 — 7.5 mm.

Lake, Starke and Laporte counties, Tnd., scarce; June 1'S—
Oct. 24. Occurs from New York to Michigan and Nebraska south
to Alabama. Infests acorns of Qttcrcus aUxi, rrj/i/ina and other
oaks, including most biennial-fruited species. (Cliiilcndcn.}
"Bred from the acorns of all the biennials in about equal num-
bers." (Hamilton.} This species is known in many collections
and is cited erroneously in part by Horn. Blanchard, Hamilton
and others, as unlformls Lee., which is a Pacific (."oast species.
The following form we regard as a variety of Ix/ciili.

B. curt us Chitt., 1908-a, 21. Smaller with wider elytra and paler scales;
beak distinctly shorter, more slender, not so abruptly recurved at apex.
Length 5.7 — 7 mm. Occurs in Texas and Florida; reared from acorns of
velutina and r libra.

391 (— -). BALAXIXUS I-IUMERALIS Casey, 1897, 657.

Very stout and thick. Dark reddish-brown, rather densely clothed
with nearly uniform pale clay -yellow scales; thorax piceous. Beak of female
nearly as long as body, of male as long as elytra, slender and curved
throughout in both sexes. First funicular joint longer than second, the
first four joints decreasing rather rapidly in length. Thorax short, fully
one-half wider than long, sides subparallel and feebly curved from base to
apical fourth, then rounded and sinuate to the tubulate apex. Elytra two-
fifths wider and twice as long as thorax, sides rapidly converging from
the prominent humeri. Male with pygidium convex, punctate, hairy: fifth
ventral narrowly and feebly sinuate at tip, its surface feebly impressed,
subtumid each side near apex. Length 5-5 — 6.5 mm.

SUBFAMILY X. CTRi TLIOXIX.l-:.

Occurs in Georgia and Florida. Very close to B. bacilli var.
curtits, and in case of their identity being later satisfactorily es-
tablished the name It u literal is has priority by eleven years.

B. parvitlens Chitt., from Florida, Alabama and Texas, we have been
unable to separate from lutiucraUs. though a better information based on
breeding from acorns of live oak and turkey oak might make it possible.

392 (8959) BALAXIXUS OBTUSUS Blanchard, 1884, 107.

Short, oval, robust. Piceous-brown, above thickly clothed -with scale-
like hairs varying in color from ash-gray to clay-yellow and brown, the
ash-gray ones more or less condensed behind the scutellum; thorax with a
paler stripe each side; elytra either clay-yellow with scattered brown spots
or sooty brown sprinkled with paler spots; under surface with elongate
silvery or yellowish scales. Beak of female two-thirds to three-fourths as
long as body, that of male slightly shorter. Antennae inserted a little behind
middle, female, slightly beyond middle, male; first joint of funicle longer
than second. Elytra about three times as long as thorax, their intervals very
broad. Appendices of claws broad, nearly or quite rectangular. Male with
pygidium thickly clothed with rather long yellow hair; last ventral im-
pressed and subglabrous at tip, truncate and slightly emarginate, first and
second segments broadly impressed; abdomen of female convex, the last
ventral rounded at tip. Length 6 — 8 mm. (Fig. 77.)

Common in the northern third of Indiana on hazel ; not taken

southward ; June 11 — 28. Ranges
from New Hampshire to Texas,
westward to Nebraska, always on
hazel, usually in June and July.
This species is said to be shorter-
lived than most others, the beetles
dying soon after depositing their
;\ggs. The infested nuts fall early
to the ground.

It seems probable that the in-
sect before Sav in

Fig.

Hazel-nut weevil. a, Fe-

describing

male, X -J : &, head of same from side; nasutltS COllld have been 11O other
c head of male from side. (After

Chittendenj than th e present species. His ar-

rangement of descriptions from long beaks down to short ones
suggests that int*iilnx was his shortest beaked specimen, and his
mention of the form and of the white pubescence at scutellum
could hardly have been prompted by any other BaJaninus. But
in the absence of his type it seems impossible to place his iiasutits
without doubt, and unnecessary to disturb the name which Blan-
diard assigned to the hazel-nut species.

The following five forms have not been included in the key

TKIItK XII. AXTIIOXOMIXI. 273

to (iroup I>. As .already noted, their status is in doubt, due to
scanty material and absence of information as to food plant.

B. proprius Casey, 1910, 121. Short, stout, convex. Piceous-black,
antennae paler; vestiture pale gray, variegated on elytra with large brown-
ish clouds. Beak of female not longer than elytra; thorax relatively large in
size (as compared with obtusiis. confusor, etc.). Length 6.2 mm. De-
scribed from a female without locality label, but probably taken in Indiana.

B. aitctiis Casey. 1910, 124. Elongate-oval. Body deep black; scales
brown, yellowish on sides of thorax and in small scattered spots on elytra.
Beak more than half as long as body; femoral teeth large and very acute;
fifth ventral segment not notably modified. Length 7 mm. Described from
a single male from Buffalo, N. Y.

B. ordinatus Casey, 1910, 124. Described from a male with beak more
than half as long as body; femoral teeth large and acute; fifth ventral
feebly impressed. Length 7.2 mm. Tennessee.

B. appalachius Casey, 1910, 125. Beak more than half as long as
body; femora with strong, acute teeth, the peduncle of front ones notably
short and thick; fifth ventral feebly impressed, clothed with finer, more
transverse hairs. Length C.7 mm. Described from two males from West
Virginia.

B. parvicollis Casey, 1910, 125. Rather stout, oval. Rufo-piceous,
rather densely clothed with elongate, tawny scales, which are sparser and
more hair-like in the brownish, transverse spots of elytra. Beak of male
longer than half the body; femoral tooth large, very acute; fifth ventral
net modified, except that the tip is distinctly sinuate. Length 5.7 — 6.2
mm. New Jersey.

Tribe XII. ANTHONOMINI.

Our members of this large tribe are distinguished from others
of the subfamily Cureulionime by having the thorax contiguous to
the elytra, not strongly narrowed behind, its hind angles rectan-
gular; front coxa' contiguous; ventral sutures deep, straight;
tarsal claws toothed or appendiculate (except in the first four
genera); pygidium partly exposed except in a few species. In
addition they have the mandibles two-notched and therefore
three-toothed at tip; beak cylindrical, usually more or less curved,
long and slender; antennal grooves extending to the middle or
lower edge of the eyes, directed beneath in a few genera. An
tenme usually long and slender, inserted far behind the tip of
the beak; scape slender, generally reaching some point on eye;
funicle r> — 7 jointed, the first joint stout, generally elongate;
club elongate-oval, pointed, usually entirely pubescent, the first
joint glabrous in a few species. Eyes rather large, rounded, and
distant from the thorax, widely separated above except in Or-
r//r.v/r.s- and a few species of Aittlionoiitiix. Thorax wider than

1*74

SUBFA M ILY X . C F II ( ' ULIONIN^E.

long, more or less narrowed in front, without postocular lobes,
base bisinuate, the middle lobe distinct; scutellum small, oval or
rounded, densely pubescent or scaly. Elytra generally wider at
base than thorax, striate-pnnctate, usually separately rounded at
tip. Prosternnm short in front of the coxtp( except in Acali/p-
tus) ; front COX.TP contiguous, large and prominent, hind ones
widely separated. Legs rather long and slender (except in
Nanops) ; femora clavate, usually toothed; tibi?e armed at tips
with either a curved hook or a short straight spine; tarsi and
claws variable, the former with third joint bilobed and spongy
beneath.

1

Fig. 78. Structures of Anthonomini. a, Antenna of' Acalyptus carpini; b, of Xun-
thits pygincnis; c, of Ncoiuasli.r solidaginis : d, of Tacliyptcnis quadrigibbus ; c, hind
tibia of same; /, antenna of Anthonoinus costiilatns; g, front tibia of same; h, side view
of lieak, bead and antenna of Macrorlioptiis cstriatux : i, of Epliclops trignttatiis ; j, of
Psciidaiithonoiiius incipiens; k. front view of same of Naiiops schu'ai'zii ; I, antenna of
Pseudanthonomus rclictns. (After Dietz.)

The species are small, seldom over 4 and never over 7.5 mm.
in length. The males have the beak stouter, more coarsely sculp-
tured and usually less shining, with the antenna? inserted nearer
the apex than in females. For the most part they live in the buds,
flowers, fruit and seeds of plants, though a few breed in galls.
The larvte pupate in the feeding cell instead of entering the
ground.

The principal paper treating of the North American species
of this tribe is bv

«/

Diets, Win. G. — '"Revision of the Genera and Species of An-
thonomini inhabiting North America" in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., XVIII, 1891, 177—276, pis. V— VII.

Fall, in the paper cited under M<t</<l<tlix. reviews some of
Dietz's species and describes a number of additional ones.
Eighteen genera are ascribed to the tribe by Dietz, 13 of which
are represented in our territory. The following is his key modified
and abridged.

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 275

KEY TO GENERA OF ANTHONOMINI.

a. Claws simple.

l>. Prosternum long in front of the coxae, the latter very narrowly sepa-
rated; hind tibiae scarcely mucronate; elytra widely and separately
rounded at apex, exposing the pygidium; length 2.2 — 2.8 mm.

I. ACALYPTUS.

bit. Prosternum short in front of the coxae; hind tibia? mucronate.
c. Form convex; tibial spines distinct.

(I. Antennal grooves directed beneath the eyes (Fig. 78, i); length
1.5 mm. II. EPHELOPS.

dd. Antennal grooves directed against the eyes; length 2.8 mm.

III. EPIMECHUS.

cc. Form subdepressed; tibial spines very minute; antennal grooves
directed toward the eyes; length 1.5 — 1.8 mm. IV. XANTHUS.
aa. Claws not simple.

e. Claws appendiculate, i. e., armed at base with a short broad tooth.
(Fig. 79, k.. I.)

f. Hind femora thickened, saltatorial (Fig. 18, &.) ; eyes approximate

above; beak in repose always folded on the breast.

V. ORCHESTES.

ff. Hind femora slender, normal; eyes not approximate above; pygi-
dium covered. (Fig. 79, /'. ) VI. ELLESCHUS.
ee. Claws armed with an acute tooth.

g. Hind tibiae with a curved hook at tip.

li. Pygidium wholly covered; tooth of claws long.

i. Beak short and stout, about as long as thorax; first joint of
funicle scarcely as long as the next two united (Fig. 78, 7;.) ;
elytra not tuberculate; length 2.5 — 3 mm.

VII. MACRORHOPTTS.
ii. Beak slender, two-thirds or more as long as body; first joint of

funicle as long as the next four or five united (Fig. 78, d. ) ;
elytra strongly tuberculate; larger, 3 — 4.5 mm.

VIII. TACHYPTERUS.
7*7;. Pygidium in part exposed, at least in male; tooth of claws short;

funicle 6-jointed. (Fig. 78, k.)

;'. Abdomen flat, its first and second segments very elongate

(Fig. 79, e.); pygidium partly exposed in male; femora

toothed; larger, 2.5 — 3.2 mm. IX. ANTHONOMOPSIS.

jj. Abdomen convex, its segments less unequal; pygidium freely

exposed in both sexes; femora not toothed; smaller, not

over 1.5 mm. X. NAXOPS.

gg. Hind tibiae with a short spine at tip.

k. Antennal grooves directed against the eyes.

I. Funicle 6- or 7-jointed; club elongate-oval. XI. ANTHONOMUS.
77. Funicle 5-jointed; club broadly oval. (Fig. 78, c.)

XII. NEOMASTIX.

kk. Antennal grooves directed beneath the eyes; funicle (5- (rarely
5-) jointed, the fourth joint smaller. (Fig. 78, j., I.)

XIII. PSEUDANTHONOMUS.

276 srr.FAMiLY x. — CURCULIOXINJE.

Nanops and EpJielops occur only in Florida. Alt/codes Dietz,
as has been pointed out by l>otli Casey and Fall, is a synonym
of Dori/toiintx Steph.

I. ACALYPTUS Schon., 183G. (Gr., "exposed.")

Here belongs a single small species haying the beak slender,
curyed, as long as head and thorax; antennal grooyes beginning
near its middle, directed against the middle of eyes; funicle 7-
jointed (Fig. 78, a), first joint long, robust, 2 — 7 gradually
wider, combined scarcely longer than club, all equally pubescent;
front and middle tibiae not armed, hind ones with a short spine
at tip.

393 (8628). ACALYPTUS CAKPIXI Hbst., 1795, 204.

Oval, subclepressed. Piceous, densely clothed above with short, grayish-
white pubescence having a yellowish or silvery lustre; beneath less densely
pubescent; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-third wider than
long, narrowed in front, sides feebly curved, constricted near apex, disc
densely and finely punctate. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base than
thorax, sides nearly parallel, tips separately broadly rounded, disc indis-
tinctly striate. Length 2.2 — 2.8 mm.

Lake and Starke counties, Tnd., frequent locally; May 0—
July 4. Hopatcong, Chester and Orange Mountains, X. J. ; May
—July. Introduced from Europe. Ranges from Canada and New
England to Wisconsin and Kansas. "Occurs on willow in abund-
ance when in blossom." (Harrinc/ton.} On flowers of *SY/7/.r
and Pi/nts, May 10, Framingham, Mass. (Frost.)

II. EPI-IELOPS Dietz, 1801. (Gr., "beneath" -{- "eye.")

Beak raiher robust, shorter than head and thorax, feebly
curyed; antennal grooyes beginning about its middle and extend-
ing beneath the eyes; antennae stout, scape short, funicle 7-jointed,
first joint very stout, second longer than third, 3 — 7 wider and
shorter (Fig. 78, /) ; pygidium exposed; tibia? stout, widened to
apex, front and middle ones with curyed claw, hind ones with
spine. The single known species is

394 (11,037). EPHELOPS TRIGUTTATVS Dietz, 1891, 261.

Robust, subcvate. Black with some lustre; pubescence white, short,
very sparse; tip of beak, antennae and legs reddish-brown; scutellum and
a small spot about the middle of the fourth interval densely clothed with
white, scale-like pubescence. Thorax feebly constricted near apex, coarsely,
not densely punctate. Elytral striae and punctures coarse, the latter
close-set; intervals feebly convex, finely wrinkled. Front thighs armed
with a rather large tooth. Length 1.5 mm.

TRIBE XII. AXTHOXOMINI.

277

Described from Key West, Fla. Resembles Anthonomus cor-
rulus Lee., but smaller. The white scutellum and spot on fourth
interval render it easily known.

Fig. 79. Structures of Anthonomini. a, Abdomen of Anthonomus scutcllaris, male;
b, of A flaricornis, male; c, of A. signatns, male; d, of A. scntcllatiis, male; c, of
Aiithunuiiwf'sis nii.vtus; f, of lUlcsclnis cfliippiatiis : g, hind tibia of Aiitlwiionius clonga-
tns, male; /;, front tibia of A. riryo, male; i, front thigh and tibia of A. poinorum; j,
front leg of A. ji-.lichi; k. I, api>eiidiculate claws of Ellescluis. (After Dietz.)

III. EPIMECHUS Dietz, 1891. (Gr., "over" -f ''length.")

Beak slender, cylindrical, feebly curved; funicle (in our spe-
cies) 7-jointed, first joint stout, two-thirds longer than second,
3 — 7 shorter, gradually slightly wider, scape slender, reaching
eyes; front with a linear impression; pygidium concealed in the
female; tooth of front femora distinct, of middle and hind ones
minute; claws simple, diverging. Five species occur in the west-
ern and southwestern states, the following being the only one
known from the East.

395 (- -). EPIMECHUS Nivosrs sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, convex. Piceous-brown, everywhere rather thickly
clothed with very locsely arranged, oval, white scales; antennae and legs
pale reddish-brown; beak, club and middle of femora darker. Beak of
female finely striate, feebly carinate, rather densely and finely punctate,
antennas inserted near apical third. Thorax short, subconical, one-third
wider at base than long, sides evenly converging from base to apex, disc
rather finely, densely and deeply punctate. Elytra oval, but slightly wider
at base than thorax, sides straight to middle, then gradually converging
to the conjointly rounded apex; strial punctures rather coarse, close-set;
intervals feebly convex, minutely punctate. Under surface very finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2.8 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dunedin, Florida, October 23; one female taken by sweeping.
The rather large white scales are wholly without arrangement
and appear as if sifted thickly over the surface.

IV. XAXTIIUS Dietz, 1801. (Gr., "yellow.")
Beak long, rather slender, nearly straight, slightly widened

278 STDFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIN.E.

at tip. its grooves straight, reaching the eves; antenna? inserted
two-fifths, male, one-half, female, from apex; fimicle T-jointed
(Fig. 78, />), first joint stout, second and third subequal, 3 — 7
transversely rounded; pygidinm visible; front and middle tibiae
with a very small hook, hind ones with a feeble spine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF XAXTHUS.

a. Reddish-brown; thorax densely punctured; pubescence conspicuous.

396. PYGM.EUS.

aa. Pale brownish yellow; thorax sparsely punctured; pubescence very
fine. 397. LIUPUTANUS.

396 (11,043). XAXTHUS PYGM^EUS Dietz, 1891, 269.

Elongate, subovate. Rufo-testaceous, pubescence white and rather long,
especially on thorax which is feebly rounded on the sides, coarsely and
densely punctured. Elytra slightly wider behind the middle, striae feebly
impressed, their punctures elongate and rather distant; intervals feebly
convex, finely wrinkled, irregularly punctate. Front thighs armed with a
very small tooth. Length 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Anglesea, X. J., May 28. Piney Point. Md. Occurs on juni-
per, (I'llcr) ; on the flowers of holly (Wcn.zcl ) .

397 (11,044). XANTHUS LILIPUTAXUS Dietz, 1891, 270.

"Smaller, elongate-oblong, subdepressed. Pale testaceous, very sparsely
clothed with fine, whitish pubescence; otherwise very similar to pygmmis.
Beak very sparsely punctured, shining. Thoracic punctures smaller and
less dense. Elytra elongate, sides feebly rounded from humerus to apex,
striae fine, punctures small. Tooth of front femora very small, broadly
triangular. Length 1.5 mm." (Dietz.)

Described from the District of Columbia.

V. ORCHESTES 111.. 1804. ((Jr., "the jumper.'')

Rather broad, somewhat depressed species having the eyes
large, almost meeting in front; first three joints of fimicle elon-
gate, the others shorter, rounded; hind femora usually much
thickened, fitted for leaping (Fig. 18, B) ; thorax relatively small;
elytra oval or elongate-oval, wider than thorax, transversely im-
pressed on basal third, humeri rounded; beak lying between the
front legs in repose. The species are mostly leaf -miners on wil-
low. 0. (iniHititfi Dietz is Psontux i)oHtn$ Casey, according to
Fall (1013, (14 ). who has studied the types.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF OHCTIESTES.

a. Funicle of antenna? 7-jointed; form short, broad.
I). Elytra with pattern of pale pubescence.

c. Front and hind transverse pale band of elytra conspicuous.

TRIBE XII. AXTIIOXOMIXI. 279

(1. Legs partly red; front band wide. 398. EPHIPPIATUS

(UL Legs black; front band narrower. 399. SALICIS.

cc. Elytra with only a faint pale transverse band on basal third.

400. NIGER.

l>. Elytra black, with uniform whitish pubescence. 401. ILLIXOISENSIS.
oor. Funicle 6-jointed; form narrower, more elongate.

e. Hind femora strongly thickened; larger, 2.5 — 3.5 mm.
/. Body wholly black; (reddish in var. pallidior.)

f>. Thorax not wider than long, the intervals between its punc-
tures very narrow, ridge-like, not alutaceous; elytral intervals
and punctures coarsely rugose. 402. PALLICORXIS.

gg. Thorax distinctly wider than long, sides more rounded, the

intervals between the punctures flatter and alutaceous.

li. Pubescence long, rather dense, conspicuous, with spots of

more sparse, pale brownish hairs on elytra. 403. CANTS.

7(/i. Pubescence short, sparse, inconspicuous, evenly distributed

over the elytra, the latter shining, without brownish spots.

404. iiixTus.

ff. Elytra and abdomen red. 405. BETULETI.

ee. Hind femora scarcely thickened; black, legs, red; smaller, 1.8 — 2

mm. 406. IUTIPER.

398 (8678). ORCHESTES EPIIIPPIATUS Say, 1831, 16; ibid, I, 280.
Broadly oval, subdepressed. Piceous-black; thorax thinly clothed

with yellowish or grayish hairs; scutellum white; elytra with a large
irregular triangular space on basal half and a narrow subapical band, the
two connected on second interval, densely clothed with silvery white and
pale brown hairs; antenna-, tibia?, tarsi and usually the beak and front and
middle femora, pale reddish-brown; hind femora in part or wholly piceous.
Beak stout, shorter than head and thorax, cylindrical, feebly curved.
Thorax slightly broader than long, sides feebly curved, disc finely and
densely rugosely punctate. Elytra oval, at middle nearly twice as wide as
thorax, finely striate; intervals flat. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Lake, Steuben and Poser counties, Intl., scarce; May 10 — June
::<>. Bloomfie-ld and Westville, N. J. Batavia, X. Y. ; May 22-
Sept. 19. Ranges from Quebec and New England to California,
south to District of Columbia. Taken in abundance on the
crack willow. H<ili.r fnif/ilis L., at Staten Island, N. Y. The beak
is black in three of the eight specimens at hand, and the front
spot or baud of elytra is in part pale brown in all.

399 (8679). OUCHESTES SALICIS Linn., 1758, 381.

Similar to the preceding but smaller and less robust. Black, feebly
shining; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown, club dusky; front elytral band
narrower, about one-third from the base, irregular, prolonged along the
suture to the scutellum in front and extending back along the second inter-
val, but not connected with the posterior transverse band which is narrow
and angulated. Thorax one-half wider than long; apex much narrower than
base, disc sparsely and finely punctured. Elytra oblong-oval, two-thirds
wider at base than thorax, sides feebly curved; striae coarsely punctured,
intervals slightly convex. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

280 SI'BFAMILY X. ( TK< TLIOXIXJE.

Starke (bounty, Ind., rare; May 9. Newark, X. J. Ranges
from Xewfoundland, Ontario and New Jersey to California, south
to District of Columbia. Occurs also in Siberia and Europe.
Found on willow when in bloom. This is the 0. subJiirtiis of
Horn.

400 (8677). ORCHESTES NIGER Horn, 1873, 462.

Elongate-ovate, subdepressed. Black, above thinly clothed with nearly
black, prostrate hairs; antennae piceous; scutellum densely white pubescent
and conspicuous; elytra with a faint transverse fascia about one-third from
base, consisting of sparse white pubescence; beneath clothed with similar
pubescence. Beak cylindrical, as long as head and thorax, rather sparsely
and coarsely punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides moderately
curved, disc coarsely, deeply and rather densely punctate. Elytra one-half
wider at base than thorax, sides broadly curved from base to apex; stride
wide, deep, rather coarsely punctate; intervals flat, finely punctulate.
Length 2 — 2.8 mm.

Lake, Starke and Warren counties, Ind., scarce; May !) — Oct.
14. Portage and Batayia, X. Y. ; May 17 — Aug. <>. Xear Xew
York City in June. Ranges from Xoya Scotia and Xew England
to Michigan, south to District of Columbia. Occurs on low wil-
lows.

401 (— -). ORCHESTES ILLIXOISEXSIS Fall, 1913, 64.

"Black, lustre dull, pubescence whitish, rather long and conspicuous,
recumbent, dense on the scutellum. Antennal funicle 7-jointed, in great
part rufo-testaceous, club piceous. Thorax one-half as wide as elytra,
sides parallel in basal two-fifths, hind angles nearly rectangular, punctua-
tion dense, moderately coarse. Elytra elongate-oval, scarcely impressed;
striae distinctly impressed, intervals somewhat rugose. Length 2.4 mm."
(Fall.)

Algonquin, Illinois; northern Illinois. Resembles jHilliconits
but the latter has the funicle 6-jointed.

402 (8673). ORCHESTES PALLICORXIS Say, 1831, 16; ibid, I, 280.

Elongate-oval, humeri prominent. Black, shining, sparsely clothed
with very short grayish-yellow hairs: antennae and tarsi reddish-brown;
club dusky. Beak stout, scarcely as long as head and thorax, coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Head finely granulate, sparsely and coarsely punctured.
Thorax as broad at middle as long, s:'des feebly rounded, disc coarsely,
very densely and shallowly punctured. Elytra oblong-oval, at base two-
thirds wider than thorax, striae feebly impressed, their punctures coarse;
intervals flat, coarsely rugose, sparsely and finely punctate. Length 2.5
—3. mm. (Fig. 80.)

Frequent throuL'hout Indian;) ; described from 1'osey County:

TRIBE X II. A NTI-IONOM I X 1

281

Fig. So. The apple flea-wee-
vil. X I0- (After Forbes.)

May 11 — June 25. Attacking cherry
leaves in Kno\ County, June 10. Sev-
eral localities in New Jersey and Staten
Island; May — Tune. Ranges from
Nova Scotia and Quebec through New
England to Oregon, south to Texas.
Occurs with niycr on the leaves of low
willows ( Chittanlrn) ; on AincJanchicr
flowers, April 27, (Frost.) Mines the
leaves of elm and alder, each larva
making a separate mine and pupating
in a cocoon in an inflated portion of
the mine. (Pierce.)

Under the name of O. <-<iintx this species was called by Forbes
the "apple flea-weevil," the larva? making winding burrows in
apple and cherry leaves, pupating within the leaf, the adults also
feeding on the leaves, making numerous shallow pits which later
become small holes. In southern Illinois 58 mined leaves were
counted on a branch three feet long. The adults hibernate, the eggs
being laid soon after the leaves open, the new brood appearing in
May and June.*

402-a (- — ). ORCHKSTES PALLICOKMS PALLIDIOR var. nov.

Similar to paUicornis except the color, which is entirely pale reddish,
except as to the sterna, which are black, and the abdomen, which is of a
darker red than the upper surface and sometimes blackish. Length 2.2—
2.5 mm. (C. W. L.)

Taken in the peninsula of Avalon, Newfoundland, in July by
\Y. S. (Jenuug.

403 (8674). ORCHESTES CANXJS Horn, 1878, 620.

Elongate-oval. Black, rather thickly clothed with long, gray, prostrate
hairs; elytra each with a large faint, irregular, semi-denuded spot of brown-
ish hairs in front of middle and a similar postmedian common one across
the suture; antenna? and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak as long as head
and thorax, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax on-3-half wider
than long, sides broadly rounded, narrowed and feebly constricted near
apex; disc coarsely and closely punctured and with a vague median length-
wise impression. Elytra elongate-oval, sides parallel from himieri to near
middle, then gradually converging to apex; strife rather deep, coarsely and
closely punctate, intervals each with two irregular rows of rather coarse
punctures. Under surface finely and rather cpaisely punctate. Length
2.8—3 mm.

*T\vtMity-sixth Rep. Nox. Ins. III., 1911, 83.

L'S- SfBFAMILV X. - CUUrULIOXIX.E.

Fall River, Mass. ; May 30. Isle Royale, Lake Superior, July
30. Recorded also from Michigan, Ohio and Colorado. The ely-
tra are proportionally longer and the pubescence much more con-
spicuous than in either the preceding or the next species.

404 (— — ). ORCIIESTKS JIIXTCS sp. nov.

Slightly shorter and more convex than paUicornis. Black, shining,
more sparsely clothed with even finer, shorter grayish hairs than in that
species; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak stout, slightly longer
than thorax, finely carinate and with regular rows of small elongate punc-
tures. Head coarsely punctate as there. Thorax at middle one-third wider
than long, sides parallel from base to middle, then rounded and converg-
ing to apex; disc with a faint median basal impression and rather coarse,
round, shallow punctures, less dense than in paUicornis, their intervals
alutaceous. Elytra elongate-oval, one-half wider at base than thorax,
humeri rounded, not prominent; sides very broadly and feebly curved from
base to apex; first and second striae deep, the other more shallow, all with
rather small, deep, close-set punctures; intervals feebly convex, very finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Martin and Fosey counties, Ind., scarce; May 10 — June 4.
Differs from /xiUicoi >//.s- in its finer, paler and shorter vestiture,
wider thorax, more shining and much smoother elytra.

405 (8G80). OisciiESTES BETULETI Horn, 1885, 161.

Elongate-oval. Black, elytra and abdomen bright red, antennae and
tarsi pale yellow; scutellum black; pubescence sparse, almost impercepti-
ble. Beak coarsely punctured, smoother near base. Thorax wider than
long, much narrower in front, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Elytra oval,
one-third longer than wide, striae coarsely and closely punctate; intervals
flat, finely punctulate. Length 2.8 — 3 mm.

Known only from Maryland and District of Columbia. Occurs
on the river birch, Bctitld nir/ra L., in late autumn and throughout
the winter.

406 (8676). ORCHESTES KUFIPES Lee., 1876, 208.

Elliptic; smaller and less robust than any of the others. Black, opaque,
thinly pubescent with fine grayish hairs; scutellum white; antenna; and
legs pale reddish-yellow; hind femora more or less piceous. Beak stout
shorter than head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax sub-
cylindrical, as long as wide, finely and closely punctate. Elytra oval,
deeply striate, intervals minutely punctate. Length 1.8 — 2 mm.

1'atavia, N. Y. ; abundant on the shining willow, Xf/7/.r l>icl<la
Muhl.; the adults feeding on the leaves, July 1 — 15, the larva1
mining the leaves in August and September. Other species of
willow in the same locality were not infested by the beetle. ( '//.
H. Kill (/lit. ) Known also from Quebec, Newfoundland, Vermont
and Massachusetts.

TRIBE XII. - AXTIIOXOM INI.

VI. KLLKsrnrs Stephens, 18:51.

Small, elongate species having the beak short, robust, cylin-
drical, nearly straight, its antennal grooves wide and deep, di-
rected against the lower border of eyes; fnnicle T-jointed, club

O

oval, pubescent; ventral segments unequal, th.ird and fourth short,
united equal to second, fifth long, rounded, carinate near tip in
the males (Fig. 7!>, f) ; tibia- with strong claws at apex, femora
not toothed, the hind ones not greatly enlarged; tarsal claws ap-
pendiculate. The E. (in<iitxhitux of Pietz, described from Ken-
tucky and Arizona, is, according to Fall, only a variety of Dory-

Lee.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ELLESCHUS.

a. Elytra each with an isolated denuded spot or fascia.

I. Pitchy black, the fascia faint; second joint of funicle longer than

third. 407. BiprxcTATUS.

bl>. Reddish-brown; elytra fasciate and vittate (Fig. 81, o.) ; second joint

of funicle equal to third. 408. SCAXICUS.

aa. Elytra with a common denuded fascia, crossing the suture just be-

hind the middle; reddish-brown, thickly clothed with pale yellowish

hairs. 409. EPHIPPIATUS.

407 (8682). ELLESCHUS IJIPU.XCTATU.S Linn., 1758, 380.

Elongate-oval. Piceous-brown, rather densely clothed with coarse,
appressed, grayish hairs, diverging from a median line on thorax; elytra
each with a faint, irregular partly denuded spot behind the middle, reaching
from the second to fourth interval; antennas and legs reddish-brown. Beak
shining, shorter than head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctate.
Thorax one-half wider than long, widest at middle, sides feebly rounded,
disc finely and densely punctate and with a faint smooth elevated line on
middle third. Elytra, at base one-half wider than thorax, sides nearly paral-
lel for three-fifths their length, thence gradually rounded to tip; striae
fine, their punctures coarse, close-set; intervals feebly convex, minutely
punctate. Length 3 mm.

Starke County, Ind., frequent locally on a dwarf willow; May
'.). Snake Hill, X. J. A European species known also from Canada
and Michigan. Occurs on willow when in blossom. (Harring-
ton.)
408 (11,039). ELLESCHUS SCAMCUS Payk, 1800, 251.

More robust than bipunctatus. Reddish-brown, clothed with grayish-
white or brownish pubescence; elytra with an irregular oblique fascia
about the middle, extending from the second interval to the sides, third,
fourth and sixth intervals for a short distance near the base and also a
subapical spot, almost denuded, very thinly covered with fine brownish
pubescence. Thorax finely, not densely punctured, the median smooth line

284

STT.FAMILY X. CURCTJLIONIN^E.

almost entire. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base than thorax; intervals
nearly flat. Tarsi very stout, the tooth of claws large, broad, triangular.
Length 2.7—3.3 mm. (Fig. 81 o).

A European species found near Plainfield, X. J. Hamilton
(18!>4, 404; IS!),"), 370) aiso records it as abundant on willow at
Hazelton and Allegheny, Pa.

a

Fig. Si. a, r.ilcschus scanicns Payk: h, Anthonotnus clcgaiis Lee.; c,
A. jnlichi Dietz; d, A. clongatns Lee. (After Dietz.)

409 (8683). ELLESCHUS EPHIPPIATUS Say, 1831, 25; ibid, I, 293.
Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, clothed with pale yellowish

and fawn-colored pubescence; elytra with a large dark scutellar spot and
another somewhat rhomboidal one behind the middle, the two usually
connected along the suture; scutellum pale. Beak shorter than head and
thorax, finely, sparsely punctate. Thorax at middle one-half wider than
long, sides feebly rounded, disc finely, not densely punctate. Elytra
elongate-oval, at base nearly one-half wider than thorax; striae fine, their
punctures large, close-set; intervals flat. Length 1.8 — 3.3 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana; March 28 — June 8. Occurs on
willow; mating May 13. Sanford, Fla., April 4. Ranges through-
out the United States and Canada. Extremely variable in size,
shape and hue of the dark spots on elytra. 15 red by Walsh from
the galls of l{Ii<ib<1(>i)Jt<t(/<i 8troliloi<lcx < ). S. on willow.

VII. MACROUIIOPTUS Lee., 1870. ('(Jr., "long" -)- "club.")
Beak stout, cylindrical, densely scaly, nearly straight, as long-
as thorax, wider than the front; antennal grooves dee]), oblique,
directed beneath the eyes; antenna1 rather short, stout, funicle
6-jointed, first joint short, robust, second slightly longer than
third, 2 — (> gradually wider, closely connected, the sixth united
with club (Fig. 78, Ji) ; prosternum short, emarginate in front;
third and fourth ventral segments united one-third longer than
second; front femora armed with a long triangular tooth; tibi.-c
all with a small hook at apex.

410 (8681). MACUORI-IOPTUS ESTRIATUS Lee., 1876, 209.
Elongate-oblong. Black, rather densely clothed with elongate, ash-gray

scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Thorax wider than long, sides

TIM IS 10 XII. ANTI10NO.M INI.

nearly straight behind, rounded in front, hind angles rectangular; disc
deeply, coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra oblong, very little wider at
oase than thorax; sides almost parallel, tips broadly conjointly rounded;
strire almost obsolete, disc densely punctured, each puncture bearing a
scale. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Known from Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Califor-
nia. Pierce (1!M)7, 2(58) states that in Texas the eggs are laid in
spring or early summer, in the seed capsules of a mallow, CalJir-
rlnr inrolncr<it<i Gray, causing a wart, the larva? feeding between
the two carpels and forming a cell in which pupation takes place.
Taken also on the hollyhock, AltJiwi >-ONC<I Cav., and on the
prairie clover, Kulinixtcra iniiHifloru Xutt.

VII F. TACIIYPTERT-S Dietz, 181)1. (Or., "swift" -f "wing.")

Beak slender, feebly curved, as long as body, female, two-
thirds as long, male; antennal grooves dee]), linear, directed to-
ward but not reaching the eyes; antenna? slender, inserted one-
third from apex, male, just in front of middle, female, scape not
reaching eyes; funicle 7 -jointed (Fig. 78, (/. <•), first joint as long
as the next four united, 2 — 7 short, club elongate, acuminate;
abdomen broadly ovate, first and second ventrals rather long, sub-
equal, third and fourth shorter, fifth longer; front femora two-
toothed, middle and hind ones with one tooth ; all the tibia1 with
a small hook at tip; claws cleft, the teeth convergent.

411 (8630). TACUI-PTKKI-S (jUADKKanm'.s Say, 1831, 15; ibid I, 277.

Ovate, convex. Dark red, beak, antennae and legs paler; thorax and
basal half of elytra thinly clothed with hoary pubescence; thorax with three
lines of white pubescence; beneath the sides of sterna with a stripe of
dense yellowish hair. Thorax conical, base one-half wider than long,
nearly twice as wide as apex, disc densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra
transversely impressed behind the scutellum, each with a large tubercle
on third interval at declivity and another on fourth interval nearer the
apex. Length 3 — 4.5 mm. (Fig. 82.)

Abundant throughout Indiana ; May 11 — June 25. Beaten

from flowers of the red haw, Cratcc-
////.v, and leaves of hazel. Common
near Xew York City, April to Au-
gust, on shadbush, Cratcrf/us and
fruit trees. Ranges over the en-
tire United States and Canada.
Known as the "apple curculio,"
the larva? feeding around the core
of apple, pear and haw, but rarely

The apple curculio. Vs.
(After Riley.) vel.A H>,lmloll>s-

286 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJK.

IX. AXTIIOXOMOPSIS Dietz, 1891, (Or., "Anthonomus-like.")

Beak slender, cylindrical, punctured, strongly striate, about
as long as head and thorax, male, one-third longer, female; an-
tenna1 stout, funicle 6-jointed, first joint stout, as long as the next
two, second slightly longer than third; abdomen flattened, first
ventral longer than the meta sternum, second nearly as long, 3 — 5
relatively short, subequal (Fig. TO, c) ; pygidium feebly exposed
at tip in male, wholly concealed, female; all the tibia? hooked at
apex. One species, usually listed under AntJionoinus, forms the
type of the genus.

412 (8667). AxTiiONOiioPSis MIXTUS Lee., 1876, 206.

Elongate-ovate. Reddish or pitchy brown, thinly clothed with coarse,
variegated pubescence; elytra with a humeral and a large discal spot
behind the middle paler; a transverse band before the middle, another on
the discal spot and a third near apex of dense, whitish pubescence; an-
tenna? and legs reddish-brown, club and tip of beak fuscous. Head with a
deep frontal fovea. Thorax smaller than usual, narrowed from the base,
constricted near apex, disc densely and coarsely punctured. Scutellum white,
pubescent. Elytra about one-fourth wider at base than thorax, gradually
feebly widened behind to middle; stria? coarsely punctured; intervals wide,
slightly convex, nearly smooth. Femora all armed with a small tooth.
Length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

Posey County, Indiana, rare; May 11. On the Atlantic coast
the records are not numerous. Litchfield, Connecticut, August
20. New Jersey, July; on the cockspur thorn, Cratwrjiis crusgalli
L. Beaten abundantly from wild plum in Ohio. (Durij.) Ranges
from Connecticut to Iowa and Nebraska, south to Missouri and
Texas.

N. NAXOPS Dietz, 1891. (Or., "small" + "eye.")

Beak as long as thorax, robust, cylindrical, curved; antenna?
inserted at middle, scape short, funicle 6-jointed (Fig. 78, k), first
joint long and stout, second slightly longer than third ; club ovate,
loosely jointed; legs rather short and stout; femora not toothed;
all the tibia? with a small hook at tip.

413 (11,031). NANOI-.S SCUWAKZII Dietz, 1891, 256.

Elongate, narrow, subparallel. Pitchy brown, sparsely clothed with
rather long, white pubescence which, on the elytral intervals, arises from
a single row of fine punctures; elytra a little darker along the suture. Beak
alutaceous, neither punctured nor striate. Head impunctured, alutaceous
Thorax scarcely narrower in front than at base, sides rounded, disc moder-
ately, not closely punctured. Elytra elongate, scarcely wider at base than
thorax; stria? impressed, their punctures rather remote. Length 1.4 mm.

TRIBE XII. AXTIIOXOMIXI. 287

Described from Florida. Northward it has been reported 1o
occur at Buena Vista, N1 . J.

XI. AXTIIOXOMI-S Germ., 1821. ((Jr., "flower" + "to feed on.")

As restricted by Diet/ this large genus is cliaracleri/.ed as
follows: Beak variable, generally long' and slender; antennal
grooves long, directed against the eyes; antennae variable, scape
reaching the eye or nearly so, funicle 0- or T-jointed ; club elon-
gate-ovate; elytra distinctly striate and punctured, their tips
rounded, leaving the pygidium, at least in the male, more or less
exposed; prosternnm short in front of coxa1; femora generally
toothed; front and middle tibia1 with a hook, hind ones with a
spine at tip. For convenience we class our eastern representa-
tives of the genus under six groups or subgenera as follows:

KEY TO EASTERN SUBGENERA OF ANTHONOMUS.

a. Fifth ventral of male short, deeply and broadly emarginate (Fig.
79, «); pygidium of male perpendicular; length 5 — 6 mm.

Subgenus I. COCCOTORUS, p. 287.
aa. Fifth ventral of male not or only feebly emarginate.

l>. Ventral segments 1 — 4 short, fifth longer in the male, first short
behind the coxge; upper surface scaly; length less than 2.5 mm.

Subgenus II. ANTHONOMOCYLLUS, p. 288.
bb. First ventral not short behind the coxae.
c. Funicle 7-jointed.

(I. Pygidium with a deep longitudinal groove.

Subgenus III. PARANTHONOMUS, p. 290.
(Id. Pygidium convex, not grooved.

e. Club strongly elongate, its joints loosely articulate (Fig.
78, f) ; form robust; color mainly reddish-brown.

Subgenus IV. LEPTARTHRUS, p. 291.
ee. Club elliptic or ovoidal, not very loosely articulate.

Subgenus V. ANTHONOMUS, p. 292.
cc. Funicle 6-jointed. Subgenus VI. SEXARTHRUS., p. 311.

SUBGENUS I. (Coccotorus.)

Beak as long as head and thorax, nearly straight, cylindrical,
slightly widened at tip, carinate above, striate each side, coarsely
reticulately punctured, male, very finely punctured beyond the
antenna?, female; funicle T-jointed, first joint as long as the next
three, second longer than third; eyes small, round, prominent;
front deeply foveate; femora strongly toothed; front tibia? bi-
sinuate beneath.

414 (8629). ANTHONOMUS SCUTELLARIS Lee., 1858, 79.

Oblong, convex. Dark reddish-brown, beak, antennae and legs paler;
base of beak, head, thorax and narrow sutural stripe densely clothed with

288

SUBFA M ILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

long fulvous hair; scutellum yellowish pubescent; elytra mottled with
patches of fine grayish hair. Thorax wider at base than long, sides nearly
parallel from base to middle, then strongly converging to apex; disc
densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra oblong, striae very narrow, finely
punctate; intervals wide, flat, the third and fifth with small tufts of semi-
erect, seal-brown hairs at base. Length 5 — 6 mm. (Fig. 83.)

Lake and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; May 12 — 28. Near

York City it occurs on the beach
plum, I'iiunix iiKirithna Wang., in
May and was bred from it by Za-
briskie. It also wanders to other-
shrubs and has been found on oak
catkins near beach plums at Lake-
hurst, X. J. Ranges from Massa-
chusetts and New Jersey to Kan-
sas, south to Georgia and Texas.
Known as the "plum gouger,"
breeding in the wild and cultivated
plum, the egg being laid near the
surface and the larva eating its
way in through the flesh, pupating
in the pit or kernel. Occurs
also in apple. (Rilcij.) A pnrni-

Fig. 83. The plum gouger. a, Plum-
stone showing exit hole of larva; b.
adult beetle, X 6; c, side view of
head. (From Insect Life.;

<-id(i Walsh is a synonym.

Anthonomus (Coccotorus) hirsutus Brim., feeds on the sand cherry,
Primus p u mil a L.. in Nebraska, and as that plant occurs along the south
shore of Lake Michigan, the beetle may occur in northern Indiana. It
differs from scutellaris in having the beak more slender, longer than head
and thorax; second joint of funicle shorter, but little longer than third;
thcrax and elytra more coarsely pubescent.

STBGEXUS II. (Anthonomocylliis.)

Beak long, slender, feebly curved, striate, carinate above; fun-
icle 7-jointed, first joint as long as the next two; club rather
loosely articulate, sparsely pubescent; eyes small, convex; front
femora armed with a large acute tooth. The males have the py-
gidium convex, perpendicular, and more strongly exposed, pro-
stcrnum very short, ventral segments 1 — 4 short, nearly equal,
fifth twice as long, feebly emarginate; hind tibia* curved. Tn the
female the ventral segments are all short, subequal, and hind
tibia* nearly straight.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF SfHGKXUS ANTHOXOMOCYLLUS.

a. Eyes protuberant, narrowly separated above; surface densely clothed
with variegated scales. 415. ELEGAXS.

TRIBE XII. AXTIIOXOMIXI. 289

art. Eyes feebly convex, widely separated above; surface thinly clothed

with whitish scales.

b. Form broadly oval; color pale reddish-brown; length 1.5 — 2.2 mm.

c. Elytra without a pale basai spot and denuded area; length 1.5—

2 mm. 416. ITSILLUS.

cc. Elytra with an elongate basal spot of pale scales on fifth interval

and a partially denuded area behind the middle; length 2.2 mm.

416-a. var. HAMILTOXI.

l)l>. Form oblong-oval; color dark chestnut brown; length 1 — 1.2 mm.

417. ATOMARIUS.

415 (8651). AXTHOXOMT.TS ELEGAXS Lee., 1876, 202.

Rather broadly ovate. Dark brown, densely clothed with small scales,
variegated in silvery white, gray, buff and brown on the upper surface
and grayish-white intermixed with brown beneath; beak, antennae and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax as wide as long, sides feebly rounded; disc
strongly and suddenly narrowed in front of middle and constricted near
apex, densely punctured Elytra wider at base than thorax, humeri promi-
nent, rounded; strise fine, the sculpture concealed by the scales. Length
2—2.5 mm. (Fig. 81, &.)

Haulover, Fla. ; very rare on oak shrubs; March 10 (Sclucarz).
Jupiter and Biscayne Bay, Fla.; LeConte collection. "The thorax
is marked with two lines of white scales, forming a cross, and the
scales of elytra form a beautiful complex pattern of brown, dark
brown and gray." (LcContc.)

416 (8650). ANTHONOMUS PUSILLUS Lee., 1876, 202.

Broadly oval, convex. Reddish-brown, thinly clothed with white
hair-like scales, more densely on sides of thorax; beak and legs paler;
scutellum white. Beak slender, as long as head and thorax, scaly at base,
sparsely and finely punctured. Second joint of funicle scarcely longer than
third. Thorax at base more than one-half wider than long, sides feebly
curved, disc strongly narrowed near apex, coarsely, deeply and rather
densely punctured. Elytra short, oval, one-fourth wider at base than
thorax, sides broadly rounded; strise coarsely and rather distantly punc-
tate; intervals wide, flat, finely wrinkled. Femora stout, acutely toothed,
the hind ones minutely so. Length 1.5 — 2.2 mm.

Occurs at several localities in New Jersey and New York.
Ranges from Lowell, Mass., to Florida and Texas. Breeds in the
seeds of frost weed, HclianUiriiiuni canadcnsc L. (Bhinchard.)
The above is the description of the male, the type being from
Texas. The female, as recognized by Blanc-hard, is much larger,
paler in color, with the scales more dense and second joint of
funicle nearly twice as long as third.

416-a (10,976). ANTHONOMUS PUSILLUS HAMILTON: Dietz, 1891, 193.

Larger and paler reddish-brown; scales more yellowish, somewhat
larger on the thorax and under side of body and intermixed with fine,
semiprocumbent pubescence, condensed to form a pale oblong spot on
base of fifth interval and two undulating cross-bars, enclosing a partially
denuded area on elytra. Second joint of funicle twice as long as third.
Length 2.2 mm.

290 Sl'BFAMILV X. CURCULIONINJE.

Described from Florida. Fall (1913, 40) states that he ''should
have little hesitancy in uniting it with pits'tllus."

417 (— — ). ANTHONOSIVS ATOMAKIUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, thinly clothed
with white, elongate scales; antennae (except club), tibiae, tarsi and base of
femora paler; head piceous. Beak scarcely as long as head and thorax,
male, slightly longer, female, very finely carinate, glabrous, minutely and
sparsely punctate; antennae inserted at apical third, male, at middle, fe-
male; funicle 7 -jointed, first joint robust, twice as long as second, 2 — 6
short, wider than long, subequal, seventh slightly longer and wider. Thorax
one-half wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly curved;
disc rather coarsely, deeply not densely punctate. Elytra oblong-oval,
scarcely wider at base than thorax, sides parallel to apical third, then
broadly rounded to apex; striae with rather coarse punctures separated by
their own diameters; intervals feebly convex. Length 1 — 1.2 mm. (W.8.B.)

Ocean Co., N. J.; numerous specimens in Leng collection;
swept from an oak shrub. Our smallest species of the genus.
The scales of elytra are arranged rather regularly along the in-
tervals and are not condensed on scutellum or humeri.
SUBGENUS III. (Paranthonomus.)

Beak cylindrical, rather slender, punctured, carinate and
striate; antenna! grooves straight, deep, directed toward the mid-
dle of eyes; head conical, punctured, front foveate; antenna? slen-
der, inserted not more than one-third from apex; fimicle 7 -jointed,
first joint long, second shorter, twice as long as third ; ventral
segments of male unequal, fifth nearly twice as long as either
third or fourth and with a smooth, semicircular spot at tip ; of
female, nearly equal ; pygidium exposed, perpendicular and with
a deep, sharply defined longitudinal excavation; femora clavate,
strongly toothed.

KEY TO SPECIES OF SUBGENUS PARANTHOXOMUS.

a. Larger, 3.2 — 3.7 mm.; thorax very coarsely and less densely punc-
tured; pubescence of white hairs very sparse, the black hairs very
few. 418. PROFUNDUS.

a-ffl. Smaller, 2.2 — 2.5 mm.; thorax more finely and densely punctured;
pubescence more conspicuous, the black hairs more evident.

419. RUBIOUS.

418 (8634). AXTHOXOMTS PROFUADUS Lee., 1876, 198.

Ovate, convex. Reddish-brown, feebly shining; head, club of antennae,
femora and under surface more or less piceous; thorax with a median line
of pale pubescence; scutellum yellowish white. Head with a frontal fovea.
Thorax as long as wide, sides nearly straight from base to beyond
middle, then narrowed and constricted to apex. Elytra one-fourth wider
than thorax; striae deep and wide, with elongate, close-set punctures; inter-
vals convex, finely wrinkled and punctulate. Length 3.2 — 3.7 mm.

Frequent in northern Indiana, less so in the southern counties;
.M;iv r> — October 14. Beaten from oak. Found near New York

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 291

City in June on huckleberry blossoms. Ranges from Quebec and

New York to Iowa, south to Kentucky and Maryland. Lives in

the buds of Cratwgus crus-galli L., developing within the fruit,

the imago appearing in July, (ticlrwarz. ) Easily known by the

deep median groove of pygidium, size, color and deep elytral

striae

418-a (10,982). AXTHOXOMUS PROFUNDUS VULPINUS Dietz, 1891, 201.

Smaller and paler. First and second joint of funicle relatively shorter,
the second scarcely half the length of the first. Thorax shorter, less than
one-half wider than long, sides more rounded, disc less rugosely punctate.
Elytral intervals less convex. Length 2.7 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. Fall (1913, 46) considers it
the same as profundus, but the types at Cambridge show differ-
ences sufficient to justify at least a varietal name.

419 (8639). ANTHONOMUS RUBIOUS Lee., 1876, 199.

Oblong-oval. Brownish-yellow, rather densely clothed with yellowish
pubescence, condensed on median line of thorax and scutellum, intermixed
on elytra with fine blackish hairs; apical half of antenna?, suture and
region of scutellum dusky; under surface piceous. Thorax one-third
wider than long, sides rounded from the base, feebly constricted near apex;
disc densely and finely punctured. Elytra oblong, at base one-fourth wider
than thorax; stria? deep, punctured; intervals convex, finely punctate.
Front femora with two teeth. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. Recorded also from Ontario,
Deer Park, Md., and District of Columbia. Easily known 'by its
pale color, small size, very convex eyes and the additional tooth

of front thighs.

SUBGENUS IV. (Leptarthrus.)

Antenna? slender, funicle 7-jointed, first and second joints
longer; club greatly elongated, very loosely jointed (Fig. 78, f) ;
pygidium exposed in both sexes; front legs longer and stouter
than the others; femora strongly toothed. (Fig. 79, j.) Two
species are known.

KEY TO SPECIES OF SUBGENUS LEPTARTHRUS.

a. Larger, 4.3 — 5 mm.; front tibiae not toothed on the inner side; ely-
tral punctures very large. 420. JULICHI.
act. Smaller, not over 3.5 mm.; front tibia? toothed on inner side (Fig.
78, g); elytral punctures much smaller. 421. COSTULATUS.

420 (10,980). ANTHONOMUS JUMCHI Dietz, 1891,.198.

Subovate, robust. Reddish-brown, clothed with pale yellowish pubes-
cence, fine and sparse on the elytra, much coarser and denser on the
thorax and front femora; scutellum and two basal spots on elytra more
densely pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, strongly nar-
rowed in front; base deeply bisinuate, sides strongly rounded, apex scarce-
ly constricted, disc coarsely and rather densely punctured. Elytra broadly
oval, very convex, slightly wider at base than thorax; stria? fine, their punc-

292 SUBFAMILY X. (TUt TLIOXINJE.

tures very large, remote; intervals convex, with small, scattered shining
tubercles. Length 4.3—5 mm. (Fig. 81, c.)

Described from Metacumbe Key, Florida.

421 (10,981). AXTHONOMUS COSTULATUS Suffr., 1871, 137.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, rather densely clothed
above with minute yellowish or fulvous scales, elytra mottled with patches
or lines of paler and darker scales; under surface rather densely clothed
with coarse white pubescence; thorax with a narrow median white line.
Beak long, slender, opaque, slightly widened at tip, striate, punctured and
thinly pubescent. Thorax two-thirds wider at middle than long, strongly
narrowed in front, constricted near apex, sides rounded, disc deeply, densely
and rather finely punctured. Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax,
one-half longer than wide; striae wide, their punctures rather large, trans-
verse, close-set; intervals strongly convex, a small acute tubercle near base
of third and a feeble tuberosity on fifth near declivity. Length 2.5 — 3.2
mm.

Lake Okeechobee, Fla., Mar. 0. Known also from Key West,
Cocoanut Grove, Punta Gorda and Biscayne Bay. Fla. The
toothed tibiar> easily separates this from julichi. A. irroratit*
Dietz (1891, 198) is a synonym.

SUBGENUS V. (Anthonomus.)

As here treated this submenus comprises the eastern species of
the first seven groups of the submenus Anthonoinns as limited by
Dietz, or those having the antennal funicle 7-jointed. The prin-
cipal characters are those given under the generic heading and in
the key to subgenera. Dietz recognized 47 species from the United
States as belonging to the seven groups, while Fall and Pierce
have each since described a number of others.

KEY TO GROUPS OF SUBGEXUS AXTHOXOMUS.

a. Vestiture mainly of hairs or narrow hair-like scales; true scales, if

any, arranged in spots or lines (except in concinnus.)
b. Claws with a long, strong tooth (except in sitbguttatus) ; upper sur-
face distinctly pubescent.

c. Elytra conjointly rounded at apex; pygidium of male very little
exposed; pubescence arranged in patterns on the elytra.

GROUP A.

cc. Elytra not conjointly rounded at apex; pygidium, at least of male,
more fully exposed; pubescence uniform, or condensed in
spots or lines without pattern.
(I. Front femora bidentate, the front tooth often very small.

GUOUP B.
dd. Front femora one-toothed.

e. Third ventral segment longer than fourth, fifth shorter,

rarely as long as fourth in male. (Fig. 79, b.. c.)
/. Elytra with pubescence uniform, rarely condensed in spots
or lines, and without denuded patch or band. GROUP C.
// Elytra with spots or lines of condensed pubescence, enclos-
ing a denuded patch or band. GROUP D.

TRIBE XII. ANTI10XOMIM. 293

ee. Third and fourth ventrals equal or nearly so; fifth ventral

of male longer than fourth. (Fig. 79, (/.) GROUP E.

bb. Claws armed with a small, inconspicuous basal tooth; both upper

and lower surfaces evenly pubescent. GROUP F.

oo. Vestiture of scales which clothe both the upper and lower surfaces;

tarsi long. GROUP G.

GROUP A.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CROUP A.

o. Front femora with two teeth, connected at base; pubescence of scale-
like hairs; form more robust. 422. XKISULOSUS.
act. Front femora one-toothed (Fig. 79, I.); pubescence of slender hairs;
form more slender. 423. POMOKUM.

422 (8631). ANTHONOMUS NEBULOSUS Lee., 1876, 197.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; pubescence of rather
coarse, scale-like hairs of a grayish-brown or fawn color, intermixed with
very fine, short hairs, the pale ones forming on the elytra a broad V, its
apex near middle of suture, its sides extending obliquely toward humeri
and widened behind the latter; also a number of spots on apical half of
disc. Scutellum yellowish-white. Beak longer than head and thorax,
almost glabrous, finely carinate, rather coarsely punctate, sides each with
two strife. Antennas slender, inserted one-third from apex, second joint
of funicle twice as long as third, one-half the length of first. Thorax
bell-shaped, at base three-fifths wider than long, narrowed in front, disc
densely, deeply and rather finely punctured. Elytra oblong-oval, at base
one-third wider than thorax, stria? with close-set punctures; intervals wide,
feebly convex, finely punctulate. Length 3.7 — 4.2 mm.

Common throughout the northern half of Indiana, much less
so in the southern counties ; May 3 — June 31. Beaten from
flowers of Cnit<r</ns and foliage of oak. Batavia and Portage,
N. Y. ; May 24 — July 5. Ranges from New York and Michigan
to Missouri. Varies in the ground color from pale reddish-brown
to almost black, and also in the pattern of elytral pubescence.

423 (10,984). ANTHONOMUS POMORUM Linn., 1758, 381.

Dark brown or piceous, clothed with yellowish-brown and grayish
hairs, the latter forming a median and lateral stripes on thorax, an oblique
band behind the middle and a triangular spot on the declivity of the elytra.
Length 4 mm.

A common European species of which Dr. Diets! received a
single female among some specimens of •iiclmlosus from Ohio.
Easily separated by the single tooth of the front femora. In
Europe it is called the "pomaclia," and breeds in the buds of
apples, pears and cherries, causing them to drop.

GROUP B.

In this group the second joint of funicle is longer than third;
pubescence coarse or sparse; ventral segments not very unequal,
the fifth somewhat longer than either third or fourth ; claws
armed with a long slender tooth. Three species occur in our

204

SUBFAMILY

-CURCULIONINJE.

territory; rufipcunis here placed by Dietz, being transferred to
the next group, the additional cusp mentioned by him, when
present, being so small that one has to draw on the imagination
to see it.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Larger, 4 — 7.5 mm.; reddish-brown, clothed with coarse, pale yellow-

ish pubescence; antennae inserted two-fifths from apex of beak, fe-

male, one-third from apex, male. 424. GRAXDIS.

aa. Smaller, not over 3.5 mm.; pubescence fine and sparse above; antennae

inserted near the apex of beak.

b. Pitchy black; front tibiae of male not curved inward and produced

at tip. 425. GULAUIS.

bb. Elytra and legs more or less reddish-brown; front tibiae of male

curved inward and produced at tip. (Pig. 79, 7;.) 426. VIIIGO.

424 (10,985). ANTTIONOMUS GRANDIS Boh., Schon., 1843, Pt. 2, 232.

Oblong-ovate, robust. Reddish-brown to piceous, clothed with coarse
pale, yellowish scale-like hairs, more dense along the median line and on
sides of thorax, somewhat condensed in numerous small spots on the elytra.
Beak half the length of body, slender, shining, sparsely pubescent at base,
striate and coarsely punctate on basal half of sides, finely and sparsely
punctured near apex, female; one-fourth shorter, coarsely punctured
throughout, male. Head conical, coarsely and sparsely punctate, front
deeply foveate. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides almost straight from
base to middle, strongly rounded in front; disc constricted and trans-
versely impressed near apex, densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra oblong,
one-fifth wider at base than middle of thorax, sides subparallel from base
to apical third, thence gradually converging to tips which are separately
rounded; striae rather deep, punctures large, close-set; intervals feebly
convex, rugose. Length 4 — 7.5 mm. (Fig. 84.)

This is the

cotton-boll weevil" which entered Texas from

Mexico about 1892 and has
spread east and north as far
as southwestern Tennessee,
doing immense damage each
year to the cotton crop, and
"becoming the most serious
menace that ever threatened
any agricultural industry."
The egg is deposited by the fe-
male in a cavity formed by
eating into a young boll of
cotton. After hatching, the

Fig. 84. The cotton boll weevil, X 4-

(After Hunter & Hinds.) hllTR feeds UJlOll the pollen

grains and tender tissues of the boll, and enlarges the cavity for
a period of one to three weeks, the time depending upon the tern-

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMIXI. 295

perature, meanwhile moulting: two or three times. Hunter &
Hinds (1905) state that the pupal stage is passed in the enlarged
cavity and takes from four to 15 days. Where found in numbers,
a half dozen or even more weevils may he developed in a single
boll, which is completely destroyed by their feeding. The adults
feed upon the squares or young bolls and also upon the leaves,
and the damage which they do is as much or more than that of
the larva?. Both larvae and adults hibernate, the latter attacking
the young cotton early in the spring. Cotton is the only food
plant and the spread of the beetles which takes place each fall
will doubtless eventually cover the entire cotton growing area of
the United States.

425 (8633). ANTHONOMUS GULARIS Lee., 1876, 197.

Elongate-oblong. Head, beak, thorax and under surface piceous;
elytra usually dark reddish-brown, the suture fuscous; scape, first joint of
funicle, and legs except the knees, pale reddish-brown; upper surface
shining, finely and sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence, somewhat
condensed near hind angles and along median line of thorax; scutellum,
under surface of head and sternal side pieces densely clothed with yellowish
pubescence. Beak shining, finely and remotely punctate, indistinctly
striate; head opaque, finely and sparsely punctate, the frontal fovea small.
Thorax convex, slightly wider at middle than long, sides straight on basal
third, thence strongly rounded to near apex, disc densely and rather coarse-
ly punctured. Elytra oblong, one-fourth wider at base than thorax; strial
punctures small, feebly impressed; intervals wide, almost flat, nearly
smooth. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Steuben Co., Indiana, rare; June 17. Ranges from Virginia
and Maryland to Michigan and Cincinnati, Ohio. Schwarz states
(1884, 84) that it oviposits in the flowers of the wild senna,
Cassia marylandica L. Varies in color, the upper surface some-
times wholly, the legs in great part, black. The additional tooth
of front femora is a very small acute cusp in front of the base of
the main tooth.

426 (10,986). ANTHONOMUS VIRGO Dietz, 1891, 206.

"Resembles gularis in form and pubescence. Beak more densely
punctured, less shining; median elevated line scarcely attaining the base;
head opaque, densely and finely punctured; front with an impressed line.
Thorax rufo-piceous. Elytra bright ferruginous, periscutellar space and
suture dark piceous; front tibiae fringed with hair along the inner margin;
front tibiae of male curved inward near apex, and the internal angle
produced in the form of a broad hook (Fig. 79, h.) ; legs and abdomen
along the middle ferruginous. Length 2.5 — 3.4 mm." (Dietz.)

Described from Cobb's Island, Va.

200 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJ3.

GKOUP C.

Species not over 3 mm. in length, having' at least the front and
middle femora armed with a single tooth and the ventral seg-
ments decreasing in length from the second (Fig. 79, It) ; tarsi
slender, the first joint longer than the second.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Nearly uniform reddish-brown, head and under side of thorax dusky;

elytral intervals smooth; length 2.2 mm. 427. RUBELLUS.

aa. At least head, thorax and under surface, except abdomen, black or

piceous.
6. Dark piceous or black, the elytra wholly or in part reddish; antennae

pale brownish-yellow.
c. Elytra and abdomen wholly reddish.

d. Intervals of elytra subopaque, nearly flat, densely and finely
rugulose; thoracic punctures very coarse and dense.

428. SYCOPHANTA.

(M. Intervals of elytra shining, slightly convex, minutely and sparse-
ly punctate; punctures of thorax finer, less crowded.

429. RUFIPE^fXIS.

cc. Elytra partly black, more shining. 430. SUTURALIS.

bb. Entirely pitchy brown or black.

e. Pubescence fine, sparse, inconspicuous above.

f. Elytra finely striate-punctate, shining; antennae pale; thorax

coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. 431. FLAVICORNIS.

ff. Elytral striae deeply impressed, their punctures large, distant;

intervals convex, shining. 432. CORVULUS.

ee. Pubescence coarse, conspicuous, forming spots or lines on elytra.

433. SUBGUTTATUS.

427 (10,988). ANTIIOXOMUS RUBELLUS Dietz, 1891, 208.

Oblong. Reddish-brown, thinly clothed with fine whitish pubescence.
Beak slender, curved, finely carinate and punctate. Second joint of funicle
scarcely longer than third, 3 — 7 not longer than wide. Thorax one-third
wider than long, sides nearly parallel from base to middle, thence round-
ed and strongly constricted to apex; disc densely and coarsely punctured.
Elytra subovate, two-fifths wider at base than thorax, sides feebly and
broadly rounded to apex; strial punctures large, round, rather distant;
intervals smooth, feebly convex. Pygidium almost concealed. Length 2.2
mm.

Described from a single female from Lake Superior.

428 (8641). AXTIIOXOMUS SYCOPHAXTA Walsh, 1867, 265.

Rather broadly oblong-oval. Dark piceous, thinly pubescent, elytra
and abdomen brick-red; antennae brownish-yellow; legs either bright red-
dish brown or pitchy black, front thoracic margin and tip of beak often
also reddish; scutellum and a small spot at base of sixth interval white.
Beak rather stout, curved, as long as head and thorax, striate, finely and
rather densely punctate, finely carinate above. Head sparsely and finely

TRIBE XII. ANTIIOXOMIXI. 297

punctate; frontal fovea small, deep. Thorax one-half wider than long,
sides subparallel from base to beyond middle, thence strongly narrowed
to apex. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides subparallel to
apical third, then separately rounded to apex; disc shallowly striate, the
strial punctures finer and more close-set than in the next; intervals
almost flat, minutely wrinkled. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Lake County, Indiana, scarce; May 21) — August 0. Many
records near New York City, May, June and August. Rock City,
N. J., June 10; abundant on laurel. (Davis.) Ranges from Canada
and New England to Oregon and California on a line north of
the Ohio River. Breeds in galls made by saw-flies on willow.
(Walsli.) Although LeConte, Dietz and Fall have all expressed
the opinion that this species is a synonym of A. JivinotopHS Boh.
(1843, Pt. 2. 222), yet none of them have seen Boheman's type,
which was from Boston, and had the intervals of elytra ''angustis,
convexus, kevibus," a character which agrees far better with the
next species than with this. We therefore retain the name by
which it is best known until Boheman's type can be accurately
determined.

429 (8642). AXTIIOXOMUS RUFIPEX.MS Lee., 1876, 200.

Oblong-oval. Piceous, elytra reddish-brown, a small scutellar space
and the suture often slightly darker; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown,
club dusky. Beak striate and with several rows of remote punctures.
Second joint of funicle elongate. Thorax scarcely one-fourth wider than
long, broadly rounded on the sides, disc densely and rather coarsely punc-
tured. Elytra oblong, striae and punctures more strongly impressed than in
sycophant a; intervals slightly convex, each with a few scattered minute
punctures. Length 2.2 — 3 mm.

Marshall Co., Ind., May 21. South Orange, N. J. Dunedin,
Fla., March 27 — May 26. Described from Pennsylvania. Ranges
from New England and Canada to Wisconsin, south to Florida
and Texas. Very close to sycopltanta but form more narrow,
thoracic punctures finer and intervals more convex and shining.
The type does not show the second cusp or tooth mentioned by
Dietz, nor is it present in any of the five specimens at hand.

430 (8643). AXTHONOMUS SUTURALIS Lee., J. E., 1824, 171.

Form and size of sycoplianta. Pitchy black; apical half of elytra more
or less reddish-brown, upper surface shining, thinly pubescent; tibiae
piceous, tarsi paler; scutellum with dense white pubescence. Thorax with
sides more strongly rounded, and disc much less densely and more finely
punctured. Elytra! strife not deeply impressed, their punctures small,
rather distant; intervals flat, shining, finely rugose. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana; April 2.1 — June 11; taken by
sweeping. On hickory leaves, Framingliam, Mass., May 30. Not

208 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIN.E.

rare near New York City in June. Occurs throughout Canada,
New England, the Southern, Middle and Western States. Found
on wild plum (Vlke] ; said to attack cranberry, laying its eggs in
the bud, the larva living in the fruit. (Liif/f/cr.] The red apical
blotch varies in extent, but always leaves the suture and scutel-
lar space black. A. cri/tJiroptcnts Say is a synonym.

431 (8646). ANTHOXOMITS FLAVICORNIS Boh., Schn., 1843, Pt. 2, 231.

Oblong-ovate. Black, shining; above sparsely, beneath more densely
clothed with whitish hairs; antenna3 pale brownish-yellow, club dusky;
scutellum and a small spot near humerus on each elytron densely white
pubescent; tarsi piceous. Beak rather stout, slightly longer than head and
thorax, opaque, striate, sparsely punctured. Head nearly smooth, front
with a deep elongate fovea. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, sides
broadly rounded; disc transversely impressed and constricted near apex,
rather coarsely, not densely punctured. Elytra at base one-third wider
than thorax, one-half longer than wide, sides nearly straight, separately
rounded at apex; striae fine on the disc, more deeply impressed on sides,
their punctures small, oblong, remote; intervals wide, feebly convex, finely
rugose. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Steuben and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; probably through-
out the State; May 11 — June fi. Rare near New York City in
July. Ranges from Ottawa, Canada, Pennsylvania and Mary-
land to Florida and Texas. Found by Schwarz inhabiting the
globular galls of a mite on the leaves of a night-shade, Solanum
elceagnifoliuiii Cav. in Texas, and by Hamilton on St. Johns
wort, dogwood and hawthorn in Pennsylvania.

A. morulus Dietz (Smith's List of New Jersey Insects), is probably
an error of identification, this species being known only from Califor-
nia.

432 (8649). ANTHONOMUS coKvt'Lus Lee., 1876, 201.

Oval, robust. Black, strongly shining, thinly clothed with rather long
and easily removed pubescence; antennae dark reddish-brown, paler at
base; scutellum white pubescent. Beak as long as head and thorax,
feebly curved, striate, coarsely punctate. Head minutely sparsely punctate,
frontal fovea small. Thorax at base one-half wider than long, sides strong-
ly rounded, narrowed at apex; disc coarsely and rather sparsely punctate.
Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides slightly widened to be-
hind the middle; striae wide, deeply impressed, coarsely punctate; intervals
convex, finely, rather remotely punctate. Length 1.5 — 2.2 mm.

Steuben, Marshall and Posey counties, Tnd., scarce; May 8—
June 10. Swept from huckleberry. Rare near New York City in
May. Somerset, Mass., June 4. Duiiedin, Fla., Feb. 20; beaten
from a species of dogwood. Ranges from Nova Scotia, Canada
and New England to Wisconsin, south to Florida, Texas and
Arizona. Occurs in Massachusetts on flowers of dogwood, Pni-
nus and Viburnum in May and June; in Pennsylvania on the

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 299

squaw huckleberry, Vaccinium stanuncinit L., May to June. Re-
sembles a small Apion. Easily known by its small size, shining
black color, coarsely punctured thorax and sparse pubescence.

433 (10,991). ANTIIONOMUS SUBGUTTATUS Dietz, 1891, 213.

Elongate-oval. Dark brown to piceous, shining; legs and base of
antennae usually paler; thorax with a narrow median stripe, wider at base,
of condensed white pubescence; elytra with two oblique postmedian inter-
rupted lines of condensed pubescence reaching from the sides to the second
interval, where they unite, the space enclosed between these lines not de-
nuded. Closely allied to flavicornis from which it differs as follows:
Pubescence coarse, rather dense and white; beak more slender and shining,
finely, less closely punctured, its median carina more distinct, extending to
frontal fovea; second joint of funicle nearly one-half longer than third;
thorax less rounded on the sides, which are almost straight behind, apex
not constricted, punctures smaller and remote on the disc, crowded on the
sides; tooth of claw very small, arising from side of claw near base.
Length 2 — 2.7 mm.

Lake Ashley and Jacksonville, Florida. District of Columbia,
West Virginia and New Jersey in July. Specimens in the Cam-
bridge collection from Lake Ashley and Texas were labelled
siibc/Httutiis by LeContc. who named (1870, 190) but did not do-
scribe it.

GROUP D.

Species not more than 3 mm. in length, having the first and
second ventrals slightly longer than in Group C, nearly equal in
length, the others gradually decreasing in size, beginning with
the third instead of second segment as there (Fig. 79, c) ; elytra
with a bare or denuded patch or band behind the middle, sur-
rounded in fresh specimens by spots or lines of pubescence; first
two tarsal joints equal or nearly so. All the known species, 12
in number, occur in our territory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D.

-ft. Elytral intervals equal or nearly so.
ft. Front foveate.
c. Color uniform reddish-brown.

d. Larger, 2.3 mm., and more robust; second joint of funicle dis-
tinctly longer than third; thorax strongly rounded on sides.
e. Frontal fovea small, punctiform; pubescence fine, incon-
spicuous.

/. Elytra reddish; scutellar space and fascia darker, the
latter interrupted on third interval. 434. SIONATUS.

if. Elytra pitchy black, unicolorous; fascia not interrupted.
g. Thorax scarcely one-fourth wider than long, the intervals
of its punctures not alutaceous. 435. CONSIMILIS.

gg. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, the intervals of its
punctures alutaceous. 436. LIKENSIS.

ee. Frontal fovea large, elongate; color uniform brown; pubes-
cence coarse, white, conspicuous. 437. VESPERTINUS.

300 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

dd. Smaller, 1.8 — 2.2 mm., and less robust; second joint of funicle
scarcely longer than third; thorax not strongly rounded on
the sides.

7?.. Clothed above with pubescence only; pitchy black, elytra red-
dish-brown, suture darker. 438. MUSCULUS.
hh. Thinly clothed with broadly oval scales, intermixed with fine
pubescence; yellowish-brown, each elytron with two black
spots. 439. coxcixxrs.
cc. Color uniform reddish-brown or nearly so; frontal fovea very

small.

i. Hind femora not toothed; elytra each with three smal] rounded
white spots; length 1.8 — 2 mm. 440. SEXGUTTATUS.

ii. Hind femora slender, minutely toothed; elytra without white
spots; length 2.2 — 2.4 mm. 441. UNIFORMIS.

bb. Front either sulcate or without fovea or sulcus.
j. Hind femora toothed; form oval; front sulcate.

A\ Pitchy black; pygidium not freely exposed; thoracic punctures
rather small; length 1.6 — 1.8 mm. 442. SULCIFROXS.

kk. Elytra dark red, base and suture darker; pygidium freely ex-
posed; thoracic punctures coarse; length 2.7 — 3 mm.

443. MI.EPHONTS.

././. Hind femora not toothed; form elongate-oval; front not foveate

or sulcate; color black; length 1.8 — 2 mm. 444. SIMIOLUS.

aa. Elytral intervals alternately wider; black, pubescence very fine and

scant above; length 2 — 2.5 mm. 445. INTERSTITIALIS.

434 (8638). AXTIIOXOMUS SICXATUS Say, 1831, 25; ibid, I, 293.

Oval, robust. Piceous, thinly clothed with whitish pubescence, con-
densed on median line of thorax and scutellum; elytra dark red, the de-
nuded fascia and scutellar space darker; antennae dull yellow, club darker;
legs piceous. Beak longer than head and thorax, slender, feebly curved,
striate and punctate on the sides, carinate above. Thorax wider at base
than long, sides feebly rounded, narrowed toward apex; disc densely and
rather coarsely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax,
one-half longer than wide; stria? rather deep, their punctures large, close-
set; intervals convex, finely punctulate. Length 2 — 3 mm. (Fig. 85.)

Common throughout Indiana; Apr. 21 — June 17. Taken by

sifting and on flowers of red-bud, Cercis
cunadcnsis L., in early spring; by beating
and sweeping later. Occurs throughout
New Jersey, more commonly in the south-
ern comities; May — August. Common in
Massachusetts on flowers of blackberry and
Vaccinia in in June, cutting off the pedi-
cels of blackberry buds and boring into
Vaccinia in corolla. (Frost.) Ranges from
Canada and New England to Wisconsin,

Fig. 85. The strawberry SOlltll to Florida and Texas. Varies COll-
weevil. X 1- (After Chit-

siderablv in size and coloration from pale

TRIBE XII. AXTHONOMINI. 301

reddish-brown to pitchy black, but the denuded fascia never
reaches the suture. The variety pull id a of Dietz is a mere color
form.

A. signatiis is known as the "strawberry weevil," the female
depositing1 her eggs in the bud of strawberry, blackberry, rasp-
berry or dewberry, then cutting- or puncturing the stem be-
low the bud, so that it falls off in a few days. Chittenden (1908)
states that the flower then remains folded, the larva? feeding on
rhe pollen and other tissues within. The entire cycle of life from
egg to adult is about 30 days. The adults also feed upon the
pollen and petals of the berry plants, and hibernate. As far as
known there is but one brood each season. Remedies: (a) Spray-
ing just before blooming with crude carbolic acid, one part to
100 of water, or with Paris green or London purple, one pound to
one hundred gallons of water; (b) Covering the strawberry buds
with muslin or similar material; (c) Cultural remedies, includ-
ing the cultivation of pistillate and profuse blooming varieties
of strawberry, the use of trap crops, and clean culture.

435 (10,992). ANTHOXOMUS CONSIMILIS Dietz, 1891, 216.

Form and size of signatus. Uniform pitchy brown or black, the de-
nuded fascia always reaching to the first interval or suture; antennae paler.
Beak distinctly curved, less densely punctured and a little more slender;
funicle less robust, its outer joints scarcely wider, the second more elongate
and slender. Head opaque, rugulose. Thorax with the sides more strongly
rounded, and more strongly narrowed in front. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Lawrence Co., Indiana, May 11. Taken by beating. Described
from District of Columbia. Known also from Wisconsin and
Illinois.

436 (— — ) ANTHONOMUS LIKEXSIS sp. nov.

Broadly oval. Piceous-brown, shining, head, beak and femora darker;
surface rather thickly clothed with fine prostrate whitish hairs condensed
on scutellum, in the transverse lines enclosing the denuded area of elytra
and on the sternal side pieces below; antennae and tarsi pale reddish-brown,
the club darker. Beak rather stout, cylindrical, scarcely as long as head
and thorax, finely carinate, finely and densely reticulate-punctate. Head
alutaceous, the frontal fovea very small. First joint of funicle slender,
as long as the next three, second two-thirds longer than third, 3 — 7 sub-
equal, gradually slightly wider. Thorax strongly transverse, two-thirds
wider than long, sides strongly rounded, constricted near apex; disc with
large rounded, rather densely placed punctures, their intervals distinctly
alutaceous. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides almost
straight to apical third, then broadly rounded to apex; stria? shallow, their
punctures small, rounded, close-set; intervals feebly convex, very finely
rugulose, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 2 — 2.3 mm. (W. S. B.)

302 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJB.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana; April 22 — June 9.
Taken by beating honey-locust and other foliage. Orange, New
Jersey, June; Leng collection. Fredericksburg, Va., June 21, on
honey locust; U. S. X. Museum collection. The form is broader
than in consuniUs. the thorax also shorter, broader and with very
different sculpture. The denuded spot of elytra reaches the su-
ture. In the three species, signatus, consimilis and likciisis, the
teeth of tarsal claws arise from between the bases of the claws,
are approximate, parallel and nearly one-half the length of claw.

437 (10,993). ANTHONOMUS VESPERTINUS Dietz, 1891, 216.

Differs from signatus by its coarse pubescence, larger, elongate
frontal fovea and nearly uniform brown color; elytral fascia wider, extend-
ing farther in front, and from the side to the second interval; side pieces
of sterna densely clothed with white, scale-like hairs. Length 2.3 — 2.5
mm.

Vermillion County, Ind., rare; June 14 — Tuly 21. Known
from Central Illinois, Georgia, Florida and Texas.

438 (8644). ANTHONOMUS MUSCULUS Say, 1831, 15; ibid, I, 277.

Elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, thinly clothed with
white pubescence; elytra, except the suture, usually paler; scutellum white.
Beak as long as head and thorax, feebly curved, opaque, finely carinate,
minutely and rather densely punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long,
gradually narrowed in front, sides broadly rounded, disc densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides
parallel to middle, then gradually narrowed to apex; striae deep, their
punctures large and rather close-set; intervals convex, almost smooth.
Length 1.8 — 2 mm.

Lake, Starke and Marshall counties, Ind., frequent locally ;
May 5 — June 14. Swept from huckleberry and the flowers of the
black choke-berry, Aronia nigra Willd. Occurs throughout New
Jersey where it is not rare in July on huckleberry. Ranges from
Ontario and New England to the Rocky Mountains, south to
Florida. Varies in color, the elytra a brighter red in fresh speci-
mens, but suture always darker; denuded spot usually darker and
surrounded by a distinct line of pale hairs.

439 (10,994). ANTHONOMUS CONCINNUS Dietz, 1891, 217.

Oval. Reddish-brown, thinly clothed with small, white, broadly ovate
scales, intermixed wiih fine pubescence; elytra each with a large blackish
semicircular spot behind the middle and another at the junction of the
fourth, fifth and sixth intervals, each spot surrounded by lines of condensed
scales; a spot of pale scales at base of sixth interval, and thorax with a
median and lateral lines of similar scales. Thorax more than one-half
wider than long, strongly narrowed in front; disc very closely and rather

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 303

coarsely punctured. Elytra oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax;
strife rather deep, their punctures large, close-set; intervals convex, each
with a row of fine punctures, bearing recurved hairs. Length 1.8 — 2.2
mm.

Described from New Smyrna, Florida. Easily separated by
the characters given in key.

440 (10.995). ANTHONOMUS SEXGUTTATUS Dietz, 1891, 219.
Oblong-oval. Pale reddish-brown, finely and sparsely clothed with

whitish pubescence, which on each elytron is condensed in a small round
spot on humerus and two on the fourth interval near front and hind mar-
gins of the denuded fascia; scutellum also densely pubescent. Beak about
as long as head and thorax, rather stout, carinate, finely punctured. Second
joint of funicle nearly as long as first, more than twice as long as third.
Thorax wider than long, sides broadly rounded, disc with small, oval, rather
sparse punctures, each bearing a prostrate white scale. Elytra suboval,
very slightly wider at base than thorax, sides feebly rounded; strial punc-
tures rather large, rounded, close-set; intervals feebly convex, minutely
punctate. Femora strongly clavate, front and middle ones only toothed.
Tooth of claw on side of base, rather long. Length 1.8 — 2 mm.

Known only from Florida. Dunedin, Jan. 23 — March 20;
Tampa, May 4 — Sept. 9; swept from huckleberry. Resembles-
rufipennis but smaller, paler, with front not silicate as stated by
Dietz but punctiform, and hind femora unarmed.

441 (— — ). ANTHONOMUS UNIFORMIS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, robust. Uniform pale reddish-brown, only the club and
under surface slightly darker; above very thinly clothed with rather long,
fine whitish hairs, condensed on the scutellum, in a narrow median line on
thorax and in the usual postmedian transverse lines of the group on ely-
tra. Beak rather stout, as long as head and thorax, female, slightly shorter,
male, finely carinate, finely and rather thickly punctate. Head minutely
alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Second joint of funicle
three-fifths as long as first, one-half longer than third, 3 and 4 equal,
5 — 7 slightly longer, submoniliform. Thorax slightly wider than long,
sides broadly rounded, disc rather strongly constricted behind the apex,
deeply, coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra oval, convex, nearly one-
third wider at base than thorax; strise rather deep, their punctures small,
round, close-set; intervals feebly convex, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, third ventral but slightly longer than
fourth. Front femoral tooth very small. Tooth of tarsal claw arising from
side of base, one-half the length of claw, the latter appearing cleft. Length
2.2—2.4 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Lake Istokpoga and near Utopia on Lake Okeechobee, Fla.;
Feb. 25. — March 4. Numerous specimens taken by beating. The
subdenuded spot of elytra reaches the suture.

442 (8645). ANTHONOMUS SULCIFEONS Lee., 1876, 201.

Subovate. Dark piceous to black, shining; thinly pubescent above,
more densely beneath. Second joint of funicle one-third longer than third.

304 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXINJE.

Thorax wider than long, gradually narrowed from the base, feebly rounded
on the sides, deeply and densely punctured. Striae of elytra deep, coarsely
punctured; intervals feebly convex, nearly smooth. Length 1.8 — 2.2 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana ; May 5 — June 14 ; taken by
sweeping. Ranges from Pennsylvania to Missouri, south to
Florida. Resembles corvulus but longer, thorax more strongly
rounded on the sides and less coarsely punctured, and the de-
nuded fascia well defined. Resembles also roiisiinilis but smaller
with shorter and stouter beak. From inusculus, of which Fall
pronounces it a synonym, it is known by its darker elytra, less
convex intervals, and shorter beak and tarsi.

443 (- -) ANTHONOMUS MI/EPHONUS Pierce, 1912, 167.

Oval, robust. Black, above very sparsely clothed with fine yellowish
pubescence, more dense on scutellum and in scattered spots on elytra;
beneath more thickly clothed with fine scale-like hairs; elytra dark red,
the base and suture, scape, funicle and tarsi darker; legs piceous. Beak
rather slender, striate, coarsely punctate, carinate. First joint of funicle as
long as the next two, second joint equal to third and fourth combined.
Thorax slightly wider than long, base one-half wider than apex, sides broad-
ly rounded; disc transversely impressed and constricted near apex, coarse-
ly, closely and deeply punctate. Elytra very convex, one-third wider at base
than thorax; strial punctures rather large, round and close-set; intervals
feebly convex, each with an irregular row of minute, seta-bearing punc-
tures. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Black Mts., North Carolina, June 2S; Cambridge collection.
Described from Round Knob, X. C. Beaten from bushes of the
mountain laurel, Rhododendron oitfiirhicHM' Michx. ; June 22.
The largest member of the group.

444 (— — ). ANTHONOMUS SIMIOLUS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Black, feebly shining, very sparsely clothed with fine,
rather long prostrate white hairs, feebly condensed along the borders of
the denuded area of elytra, strongly so on the scutellum and meso- and
metasterna; scape, basal joints of funicle, tibiae and tarsi rufo-piceous
or paler. Beak slender, opaque, evenly cylindrical, as long as head and
thorax, almost smooth and without carina. First joint of funicle stout,
twice the length of second, the latter only one-fourth longer than third;
3 — 7 rounded, subequal in length, gradually slightly wider. Thorax coni-
cal, scarcely wider at middle than long, sides broadly rounded, narrowed
and constricted near apex; disc deeply, densely and rather coarsely punc-
tate, more finely near apex. Elytra one-half wider at base than thorax,
striae with rows of rather coarse, close-set punctures; intervals equal in
width, feebly convex. Length 2 — 2.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Tyngsboro, Mass. ; Blanchard collection, one pair. Differs
from the other black members of the group in its narrower form.

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 305

lack of frontal fovea, smooth beak and relative length of antennal
joints. In form and general appearance strongly resembles an
Apion.

445 (10,996). ANTI-IONOMUS INTERSTITIALIS Dietz, 1891, 219.

Elongate-subovate. Black, pubescence very fine and scant above,
side pieces of thorax and sides of abdomen densely clothed with pale
yellowish, scale-like hairs. Beak rather slender, punctured, the median
carina distinct. Head subopaque, finely alutaceous. Thorax but little
wider at base than long, sides strongly rounded and narrowed to tip; disc
rather sparsely, sides more densely punctate, the punctures variable in
size. Elytra oblong, at base one-third wider than thorax, sides nearly
straight, slightly divergent behind; striae feebly impressed, their punctures
rather distant; intervals nearly flat, the second, fourth and sixth wider,
the denuded fascia extending to the third. Hind femora not toothed.
Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Described from White Fish Point, Lake Superior, and Dis-
trict of Columbia.

GROUP E.

Species 2.5 — 3 mm. in length, having the third and fourth
ventral segments equal in length or nearly so, and slightly shorter
than in the two preceding groups; the fifth ventral of male longer
than fourth. (Fig. 79, d.)

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP E.

a. All the thighs armed with a single acute tooth.
/;. Nearly uniform reddish-brown; front not foveate or sulcate.

446. UNICUS.
bb. Black or piceous, often feebly bronzed.

c. Front deeply foveate; color black. 447. NIGRINUS.

cc. Front sulcate; color piceous or blackish with feebly bronzed

lustre; legs in part yellowish.

d. First joint of funicle long and slender; beak as long as head

and thorax. 448. XANTHOCNEMUS.

dd. First joint of funicle short, strongly clavate; beak scarcely

longer than thorax. 449. VAEIPES.

aa. Hind thighs without a tooth; black, shining; elytra with denuded

fascia and spots and lines of white scales. 450. SCUTELI.ATUS.

446 (— — ). ANTHONOMUS UNICUS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval, rather robust. Reddish-brown; antennal club and a large
common faint blotch just behind scutellum fuscous; above very sparsely
and evenly clothed with fine white, prostrate hairs; scutellum, sternal
side pieces and sides of abdomen rather thickly clothed with shorter white
pubescence. Beak rather stout, cylindrical, as long as head and thorax, fe-
male, one-fourth shorter, male, feebly carinate, finely and sparsely punc-
tate. Antennae inserted at apical fourth, male, third, female; first joint of

306 SUBFAMILY x. — CURCULIOXINM:.

funicle stout, elavate, three-fourth longer than second which is very slender
and twice as long as third, 3 — 7 subequal, gradually broader. Thorax one-
third wider at middle than long, sides broadly rounded, feebly constricted
near apex; disc coarsely, deeply and very densely punctate. Elytra one-
third wider at base than middle of thorax, humeri prominent, rounded;
striae shallow, marked with rows of rather small, close-set punctures; in-
tervals narrow, feebly convex. Length 2.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dunedin, Fin., scarce; March 12 — Dec. 6. beaten from red
bay in a wet hammock. The color, slender second joint of fnnicle
and non-foveate front easily distinguish this from other- members
of the group.

447 (8648). ANTHONOMUS XIGRIXUS Boh., Schb'n., 1843, Pt. 2, 230.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, thinly clothed with fine whitish pubes-
cence; antennae piceous. Beak rather stout, opaque, coarsely punctured, dis-
tinctly carinate, basal half striate each side. Thorax at base scarcely wider
than long, sides broadly rounded, disc somewhat narrowed in front, very
coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base than
thorax, one-half longer than wide; striae fine, their punctures rather
coarse, somewhat distant; intervals flat, each with a few minute, scattered
punctures. Length 3 mm.

Harrison, Crawford, Spencer and Posey counties, Tnd.. scarce;
Apr. 21 — June 20. Taken by sweeping. Staten Island, N. Y.,
and Da Costa, N. J. ; July 1(>. Ranges from New York and Mary-
land to Louisiana. Chittenden (Ins. Life, A7II, 350) states that
it is known as the "potato bud weevil," breeding in the buds of
the horse-nettle, Kolunnin cdroJuicnsc L., and the potato, the
adults severing the stems below the buds as does A. sif/natiis
those of the strawberry. The eggs are inserted in or between the
anthers, on the pollen of which the larvae feed. The horse-nettle
is probably the true host plant. Resembles fhiricorttif; but ven-
tral segments different, thorax much more coarsely punctate and
antennae piceous.

Anthonomus albopilosus Dietz (1891, 222), black, more elongate than
nigrinus, rather thickly clothed with long white pubescence, front tibiae
curved near base, first tarsal joint longer than second, femoral tooth large,
length 2.8 — 3.3 mm., described from California, Texas and New Mexico,
has been reported as occurring in Mississippi by Harned. We have not been
able to see a specimen, hence it is omitted from the key.

448 (11,000) ANTHOXOMUS XAXTHOCXEMUS Dietz, 1891, 223.

Oval, robust. Dark piceous with a faint bronzed lustre, thinly clothed
above with coarse whitish pubescence; more densely beneath with scale-
like hairs; antennae and tarsi, base of middle and hind femora and apical
half of all tibise brownish-yellow; scutellum white, club dusky. Beak
long and slender, flattened and slightly wider at apex, opaque, male, shin-

TRIBE XII. ANTIIONOMINI. 307

ing, female. Thorax at base one-third wider than long, sides nearly straight
behind, strongly rounded in front, disc rather densely and coarsely punc-
tured, more finely and sparsely near apex. Elytra broadly oval, striae
deeply impressed, their punctures rather large and close-set; intervals
convex, rugulose and irregularly punctate. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko and Fosey counties, Ind., scarce; May 30 —
June 7. Known also from Canada, Michigan, Illinois and Wis-
consin. Resembles fhiricomis but distinguished by color of legs
and short, snbeqnal third and fourth ventral segments.

449 (- — ). AXTIIONOMUS VARIPES Duval, 1857, 200.

Oval, robust. Black, shining, slightly bronzed, above sparsely, beneath
more densely clothed with white pubescence; antennae brownish, darker at
middle; base of femora, upper part of tibiae and tarsi also brownish, front
femora entirely black; scutellum densely white pubescent. Beak enlarged
at middle, curved, slightly striate at base; front with an elongate fovea.
Thorax slightly conical, wider than long, sides broadly rounded, apex slight-
ly emarginate, disc rather coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra short,
oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax, very strongly punctato-striate.
Femora all armed with a small acute tooth. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Described from Cuba by Duval; redescribed by Linell (1897,
50) from Brownsville, Texas, as A. Itrevirostris. Occurs also at
Biscayne Bay and Key West, Florida, where it is found on tiol-
anum torvurn. ( ScJi warz. )

450 (8637). ANTHONOMUS SCUTELLATUS Gyll., Schon., 1836, 342.

Oval. Black, shining; above thinly clothed with fine whitish hairs
which are easily eroded; thorax with median line and another each side
of denser white scales; elytra with a line behind scutellum, a humeral
line or spot and two transverse oblique lines behind the middle, of similar
scales; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown; beneath densely clothed with
white scales; scutellum white. Beak rather slender, subopaque, striate,
punctate and with a fine median carina. Thorax at base one-fourth wider
than long, sides feebly rounded, disc rather finely and densely punctate.
Elytra oval, at base one-third wider than thorax; striae wide, deep, their
punctures large, close-set; intervals convex, finely punctate. Length 2.4 —
2.8 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., May 11. Many places near New York City;
June — Oct. Batavia, N. Y., June 29. Ranges from Canada and
New England to Michigan and Iowa, south to Missouri and

Texas.

GROUP F.

Species ranging from 1.7 to 3 mm. in length, having the claws
armed with a small, sharp basal tooth; abdominal segments sub-
equal ; pubescence evenly distributed both above and beneath.

308 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP F.

<.i. Dark brown or black.

&. Elytra not wider behind; pubescence yellow; mesosternum not cari-

nate. 451. DISSIMILIS.

l>l). Elytra wider behind; pubescence very sparse, whitish; mesosternum

carinate. 452. ORCHESTOIDES.

aa. Brownish-yellow, elytra with a dark, oblique spot. 453. JUNIPERIXUS.

451 (11,004). ANTHOXOMUS DISSIMILIS Dietz, 1891, 226.

Elongate-oval. Brown, thinly clothed above with yellow pubescence;
under side of thorax densely pubescent; head, beak and under surface
nearly black; antennae fuscous. Beak opaque, long, slender, curved, neither
punctured nor striate. Frontal fovea small, elongate. Thorax much wider
than long, sides nearly straight from base to middle, rather strongly nar-
rowed in front; disc rather finely, not densely punctate. Elytra oblong-
oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides feebly and gradually
rounded to apex; stria? fine, with small, close-set punctures; intervals
slightly convex, finely rugose. Length 3 mm.

Described from Virginia. Resembles tiuguhiris in form, color
and pubescence, but differs by the 7-jointed funicle, absence of
elytra 1 fascia and very slender tootb of claw.

452 (11,005). AXTIIONOMUS ORCHESTOIDES Dietz, 1891, 226.
Elongate-ovate. Black, somewhat shining, very thinly clothed with

fine whitish pubescence, hardly more dense beneath; antennae red-
dish brown. Beak rather stout, remotely punctured, slightly widened and
somewhat shining near tip. First joint of funicle very robust, second
longer than third, 3 — 7 rounded. Thorax wider than long, but slightly
narrower at apex than base, widest at middle; disc closely and rather
coarsely punctured. Elytra a little wider at base than thorax, widened
to and more convex behind the middle; striae fine, their punctures rather
small, not close-set; intervals feebly convex, finely wrinkled. Femora all
armed with a sharp, distinct tooth. Length 1.7 — 2 mm.

Known from Maryland, District of Columbia and Missouri.

453 (8640). ANTHONOMUS JUNIPERIJVUS Sanborn, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist, XII, 1868, 81.

Subovate. Pale brownish-yellow, rather densely clothed with pale yel-
lowish pubescence; elytra each with a dark, oblique denuded spot behind
the middle, extending from the fifth to the second interval. Beak darker,
shining, long and slender, finely punctate. First joint of funicle as long
as the next three united, second longer than third. Thorax wider than long,
not strongly narrowed in front, sides feebly rounded; disc finely, not closely
punctate. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, slightly widened to
behind the middle; strife fine, feebly impressed, their punctures small,
not close-set; intervals wide, nearly flat, rugulose. Femora all with a
rather large, triangular tooth. Length 2.2 — 2.8 mm.

Anglesea and Bayside, N. J., Sept. 22; on juniper. Ranges
from Massachusetts to West Virginia, south to Florida. Lives
in Podysoina, a parasitic fungus on juniper.

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 309

GROUP G.

Our species of this group range from '2.1 to 3.5 mm. in size and
have the upper and lower surfaces more or less clothed with
scales, which vary in shape from almost- round to very elongate
and hair-like. Five of the 11 species tabulated by Dietz are re-
corded from our territory. All have 'the femora armed with a
single tooth beneath.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP G.

a. Front thoracic opening very oblique; prosternum short in front of

the coxae.
b. Elytra without a transverse, partly denuded fascia; second joint of

funicle scarcely longer than third.

c. Legs reddish or reddish-brown; front and middle tibite not or
feebly Insinuate beneath. 454. TECTUS.

cc. Legs dark piceous; front and middle tibiae strongly bisinuate and
subangulate beneath. 455. SQUAMULATUS.

l)b. Elytra with a dark, transverse, partly denuded fascia; dark red-
dish-brown, the legs paler. 456. MOLOCHIJV'US.
aa. Front thoracic opening less oblique; prosternum more elongate in

front of the coxee.

(L Thorax strongly constricted near apex; second joint of funicle

scarcely longer than third. 457. RUFIPES.

(Id. Thorax not constricted at apex; second joint of funicle as long as

the next two. 458. DISJUNCTUS.

454 (8653). AisTiiOiXOMUs TECTUS Lee., 1876, 203.

Oval. Piceous, densely clothed with white and yellowish-gray scales,
condensed on the suture and on basal halves of fourth to seventh intervals
of elytra; basal half of antennae reddish-brown, club dusky. Beak pubes-
cent at base, coarsely punctured, striate. Frontal fovea elongate. Thorax
at base slightly wider than long, narrowed from base to apex, sides feebly
rounded, disc densely and finely punctured. Elytra ovate, suddenly
one-third wider at base than thorax, strial punctures coarse, almost wholly
concealed by the scales; intervals almost flat. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 27. Edgebrook, 111., June 14.
Described from Massachusetts and Georgia. Ranges from New
England to Kansas. Taken in numbers from wild asters, lonactis
UnariifoUtts L., at Tyngsboro, Mass., by IJlanchard in September.
(Fall.)

455 (11,006). ANTHONOMUS SQUAMULATUS Dietz, 1891, 230.

Subovate. Black, somewhat shining; sparsely clothed above with small
white, broadly oval scales, intermixed with fine, suberect hairs; scutellum,
suture and basal portions, in part, of fourth and sixth intervals densely
covered with white scales. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly nar-
rowed in front, disc densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra broadly
oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax; strial punctures rather coarse,
not close; intervals convex, finely rugose. Length 2.7 mm.

310 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Lake Co., Ind., May 30. Described from Wisconsin and Mis-
souri. Smaller than tcctits with shorter, more robust beak and
Insinuate tibiae

456 (11,007). AXTIIOXOMUS MOLOCHINUS Dietz, 1891, 231.

Elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown, clothed with small, pale scales
intermixed with very fine brown pubescence; the scales forming indistinct
pale median and lateral lines on thorax, covering the scutellum and part
of suture and forming a short basal stripe on sixth interval and a short
one near middle of fourth interval of elytra. Beak piceous, long and
slender, punctured, carinate above. First and second joints of funiclp
elongate, slender. Thorax at base nearly twice as wide as long, strongly
narrowed in front, disc densely, finely and shallowly punctate. Elytra
oval, nearly one-third wider at base than thorax; striae fine, their punctures
large, rounded, rather distant; intervals nearly flat, punctured. Length 3
mm.

Franconia, New Hampshire, Sept. 2; P>lanchard collection;
taken from wild asters by Mrs. Slosson. Ottawa, Canada, June
14. Described from Montana.

457 (8659). AXTIIONOMUS RLTIPES Lee., 1876, 204.

Oval, robust. Black or piceous, above thinly clothed with grayish
scales intermixed with fine hairs, beneath more densely clothed with
larger scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown, club dusky; scutellum
white. Beak rather short and stout, feebly curved, punctured, sparsely
pubescent, distinctly carinate and striate. Frontal fovea small, elongate.
Thorax at base one-half wider than long, sides strongly rounded; disc fine-
ly, densely and deeply punctured. Elytra oval, scarcely wider at base than
thorax; striae with coarse, round, rather close-set punctures; intervals
feebly convex, finely wrinkled. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

Batavia, N. Y. ; July 25 — Aug. <i. McGregor, Towa, July 15.
Recorded from Delaware, New York, Illinois and Iowa.

458 (8658). ANTIIONOMUS DISJUNCTUS Lee., 1876, 204.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown to piceous, not densely clothed above with
pale cr brownish scales, beneath more densely with paler scales; scape,
basal joints of funicle and legs reddish-brown; thorax with three dorsal
lines of white scales; scutellum, basal half of sixth and middle third of
fourth intervals of elytra also with white scales. Beak longer and more
slender than in rufipes, shining, finely punctured and striate. Thorax
slightly wider lhan long, gradually narrowed from base to apex, sides
feebly rounded, disc coarsely and deeply punctured. Elytra oval, not wider
at base than thorax; strial punctures coarse, intervals feebly convex.
Length 3.2—3.5 mm.

Various points in New Jersey and at Charlotte and Montauk,
N. Y. ; July 1G — Sept. 23. Ranges from New York to Illinois,

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMIXI. 311

Georgia and Texas. Pierce (1907, 217) records it as breeding in
the heads of Hctcrotlicca xiiba.riUuns Lam. in Texas, the larva'
feeding on the achenes.

SUBGENUS VI. (Sexartlirus.)

We have combined under this subgeneric name all eastern
species of the genus Antlioncninis having the fnnicle only 0-
jointed. It embraces, therefore, the sultfuscni-ltix and -mnjulnns
groups of the snbgenus Anthonomns of I)ie1z, and also the eastern
forms of his snbgenus Ciu'iiiaci/llnx. They may be separated into
three groups as follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OF SUBGENUS SEXARTHRUS.

a. Form oval or oblong-oval; hind tibiae alike in both sexes.
I). Claws armed with a large distinct tooth. GROUP A.

1>1>. Claws armed with a short basal tooth. GROUP B.

oo. Form elongate, subparallel: hind tibiae of male curved. (Fig. 79, g.)

GROUP C.
GROUP A.

Species not over 2 mm. in length, having the fnnicle 0-jointed
and the claws armed with a long tooth. According to Fall C 1.913,
54) latiusculits Dietz is a synonym of subfasciatus Lee., and
molccnlns Casey the same as robnstiilus Lee. This leaves only
the two LeConte species and a third as yet undescribed, as mem-
bers of the group.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

a. Brown, pubescent; elytra with a partly denuded fascia.

459. SUBFASCIATUS.

oo. Black, in part scaly; elytra without fascia.

6. Legs piceous; elytra without scutellar white spot. 460. ROBUSTULUS.
Itlt. Legs pale reddish-brown; elytra with scutellar spot of white scales.

— . ROBIN SONI.

459 (8662). ANTIIONOMUS SUBFASCIATUS Lee., 1876, 205.

Subovate, robust. Dark reddish-brown, head, thorax and suture often
darker; above thinly clothed with yellowish pubescence, which is conden-
sed on the scutellum and along the median line of thorax and forms a line
around the denuded fascia of elytra, the latter extending from the sides
to the suture. Beak as long as head and thorax, feebly curved, indistinct-
ly punctate, striate and carinate. Second joint of funicle slightly longer
than third, 4 — 6 short, rounded. Thorax one-fourth wider than long,
widest at middle, sides regularly rounded, disc densely and rather coarse-
ly punctate. Elytra ovate, one-third wider at base than thorax; striae deeply
impressed, coarsely and closely punctate; intervals rather wide, feebly
convex, almost smooth. Femora with a small acute tooth. Length 1.5 — 2
mm.

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.E.

Five-Mile Beach, X. J., on holly in April. Fall River, Mass.,
May 31. Dimedin, Fla., common; Feb. 14 — April 4; taken by
beating in hammock. Ranges from Canada and New England to
Florida and Texas. Resembles •iiniscithis but smaller, broader and
more robust, and readily separated by the 6-jointed funicle.

460(8664). Avmoxoiirs ROBUSTULL'S Lee., 1876, 205.

Broadly oval. Black, sparsely covered with small, dirty white wedge-
shaped scales, which are slightly larger and more condensed on under side
of thorax; antennae and tarsi brownish-yellow, club dusky; legs piceous.
Beak slightly longer than head and thorax, slender, punctured and feebly
striate. Second and third joints of funicle equal. Thorax one-half wider
than long, strongly narrowed at apex, sides broadly rounded; disc densely,
deeply and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra at base nearly one-third wider
than thorax, but slightly longer than wide; striae distinct, their punctures
elongate, close-set, coarser at base; intervals flat. Front thighs minutely
toothed. Length 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Edgebrook, 111., August 27. Hopatcong and Jamesburg, N. J.;
July. Portage and Sandy Hill, N. Y. ; May 24— July. Ranges
from New England to Wisconsin and Montana, south to Virginia.
Occurs on goldenrod (Solidayo). Fall has pointed out that the
front thighs in the type of robiistulus are minutely toothed,
though stated otherwise by LeConte. As this was the principal
character on which Casey based his woleculus, the two species
are inseparable. Known by its 6-jointed funicle, short, broad
form and grizzly-gray scales.

The following species was received too late to give it its proper
serial number.

(— — ). ANTHOXOMUS ROBIXSOXI sp. nov.

Oval, robust. Black, feebly shining; legs pale reddish-brown, an-
tennse piceous; above finely pubescent, thorax with sides and a median
spot at base thinly clothed with large, whitish scales; elytra with an
elongate scutellar spot of similar scales; entire under surface thickly
clothed with large, oval, white scales. Beak as long as thorax, slender,
evenly cylindrical, densely marked with elongate punctures. Head densely
and coarsely punctate. Antennas inserted at middle of beak, first joint
of funicle stout, clavate, second two-thirds as long, slender, 3 — 6 short,
rounded, subequal. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly
rounded, disc very slightly constricted near apex, deeply, coarsely and
very densely punctate. Elytra broadly oval, one-third wider at base than
thorax, sides feebly curved from base to the broadly rounded apex; stri.T
coarse, deep, rather indistinctly punctate; intervals convex, not wider
than stria?, each with two rows of very fine rugose punctures, each punc-
liire bearing a minute yellowish prostrate hair. Last ventral broadly
emarginate. Tooth of tarsal claw long, slender. Length 1.8 mm. (W. S. B.)

TRIBE XII. ANTI-IONOMINI. 313

West Point, N. Y., April '21. (Roh'tHxon.) Batavia, N. Y.,
June 3. (Kn iylit.) Named in honor of Col. Wirt Robinson, of
West Point, N. Y. The deeper stride, pale legs and white scutel-
lar spot easily distinguish this from robustulits. The elytra of
the Batavia specimen show dull red through the vestiture. In
general appearance closely resembles a Ceutorhynchus.

GKOUP B.

Species not over 2.8 mm. in length and oblong-oval in form,
the elytra (except in cylindricollis) with a faint transverse de-
nuded fascia, the claws with a short, inconspicuous tooth.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Front femora toothed; surface pubescent; beak long and slender,
ft. Dark chestnut brown, pubescence yellowish; femora feebly clavate;
larger, 2.3 — 2.8 mm. 461. UNGULARIS.

b&. Reddish-brown to piceous, pubescence white.

c. Eyes with a line of white pubescence along their inner margins;
femora strongly clavate, all toothed; length 2 — 2.2 mm.

462. FLOKALIS.

cc. Eyes not bordered with line of white hairs; femora feebly clavate,
the front ones only toothed; length 1.7 mm. 463. DEBILIS.

oo. Front femora not toothed; beak short and stout.

d. Form broadly oval; color reddish-brown, surface scaly; length 1.8 —

2.2 mm. 464. NUBILUS.

eld. Form oblong-oval; color uniform piceous, surface pubescent; length

1.6 mm. 465. CYLINDRICOLLIS.

461 (8666). AXTHONOMUS UNGULARIS Lee., 1876, 206.

Oblong-oval. Dark brown, thinly clothed with coarse yellowish pub-
escence, more dense on thoracic side pieces and in line surrounding a
faint transverse denuded fascia on elytra; head, beak and thorax darker,
sometimes even piceous; antennae and legs paler. Beak rather stout,
alutaceous, feebly curved, as long as thorax and with a basal stria each
side, male; one-fourth longer, more shining, without stria, female. Frontal
fovea small, distinct. Second joint of funicle nearly twice as long as third;
3 — 6 rounded, subequal. Thorax wider than long, sides broadly rounded;
disc narrowed in front of middle, closely, deeply and rather coarsely punc-
tured. Elytra oblong, one-fourth wider at base than thorax; sides straight
for two-thirds their length, then gradually rounded to apex; strise fine,,
their punctures elongate, not close-set; intervals nearly flat, smooth.
Tooth of femora very small. Length 2.3 — 2.8 mm.

Lakehurst, X. J., July 12. White Sulphur Springs, W. Ya.,
July 5. Ranges from New York to Michigan, south to Florida.
Occurs on the wild senna, Cassia marylandica L.

314 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXMC.

462 (11,011). AXTHONOMUS FLORALIS Dielz, 1891, 238.

Smaller and narrower than ungularls. Reddish-brown to piceous,
clothed with coarse white pubescence, condensed in a median line and on
sides of thorax, and forming a line along the inner margin of the eyes.
Beak slender, finely and sparsely punctate, striate. Thorax less narrowed
in front, sides more strongly rounded; disc coarsely, not densely punctured.
Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax; strise wider, more deeply
impressed, punctures larger, rounded; intervals feebly convex, rugose.
Length 2—2.2 mm.

Described from Florida and North Carolina.

463 (— — ). AXTHONOMTS DEBILIS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Uniform reddish-brown, very thinly clothed with fine
white hairs, condensed only on scutellum, sternal side pieces and in two
oblique faint lines bordering the subdenuded fascia of elytra; scape and
funicle of antennas paler. Beak very slender, as long as head and thorax,
finely striate, minutely and sparsely punctate. First joint of funicle
stout, two and a half times the length of second, the latter but slightly
longer than third, 3 — 6 gradually wider. Thorax as long as wide, sides
almost parallel; disc feebly narrowed at apex, coarsely, deeply and rather
densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides straight
to apical third; strise deep, their punctures round, coarse, close-set; intervals
convex, smooth. Under surface very finely and sparsely punctate- Tooth
of front femora very small; middle and hind ones unarmed; tooth of claw
very small. Length 1.7 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Cedar Keys, Florida, June 0. One specimen, No. H3 without
name, in the LeCoute collection.

464 (8665). AKTHONOMUS NUBILUS Lee., 1876, 205.

Rather broadly oval. Pale to dark reddish-brown, above thinly clothed
with small, yellowish-white scales intermixed with a fine, suberect pubes-
cence; scutellum and a spot behind, an oblique band just behind the middle
and the declivity of the elytra more densely scaly, suture darker; sternal
side pieces densely scaly. Beak shorter than head and thorax, stout,
finely and densely punctate, more shining near tip. Second joint of funi-
cle scarcely longer than third. Thorax slightly wider than long, widest at
middle, sides strongly rounded, disc densely and coarsely punctate. Elytra
oval, one-third wider at base than thorax, striae wide, rather deep, their
punctures coarse; intervals convex, finely rugose. Length 1.6 — 2 mm.

Orange Co., Ind., May 28. Orange Mts. and Anglesea, N. J.
Wellesley, Mass., July 12. Ranges from New England and Penn-
sylvania to Florida and Texas. Bred from St. Andrew's Cross,
Ascyrum liypericoidcs L., at Plnmmer's Island, Maryland.
(Schwarz.}

465 (— — ). ANTHOKOMUS CYI.INDRICOLLIS sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Uniform dark piceous-brown, shining, very thinly clothed
with short, almost imperceptible pubescence; scape and funicle of antennae

TRII5E XII. AXTHOXOMIXI. 315

paler, legs dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, scarcely longer I ban thorax,
both it and head finely alutaceous, minutely and very sparsely punctate;
front with a fine impressed line. Antennas inserted in front of middle, scape
short, stout, first joint of funicle scarcely longer than broad, second and
third as wide as long, half the size of first, fourth very short, five and six
larger. Thorax subcylindrical, as wide as long, sides almost straight, very
feebly converging toward apex, disc coarsely, deeply, not densely punctate,
the intervals between the punctures alutaceous.. Elytra one-third wider at
base than thorax, sides parallel to apical third, then broadly rounded to
apex; striae shallow, their punctures coarse, feebly impressed, intervals
smooth, slightly convex. Under surface finely and very sparsely punctate.
Third ventral slightly shorter than fourth, the two united one-third longer
than second. All the femora unarmed; tarsal claw very small. Length 1.6
mm. (W. 8. B.)

Gray Beard Mountain, North Carolina, May 2G. One speci-
men in Cambridge collection. The 6-jointed funicle and small
tooth of claw place it in this group, with the other members of
which it has little affinity. The antennal grooves are directed
toward the lower border of the eye, but the unarmed femora, color
and almost glabrous surface preclude its being a Pseudanthono-

mus.

GROUP C.

Elongate, subparallel species not more than 3 mm. in length,
having the surface thinly clothed with scales, forming lines on
the fourth and sixth intervals of elytra ; last ventral of female
foveate; hind tibia? dissimilar in the sexes, those of male more or
less curved. They belong to the subgenus Cnemoci/llns of Dietz.
Only two of his 12 species occur in our territory. Both have the
funicle 0-jointed, the front femora feebly toothed and the fifth
ventral of male elongate.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Second and third joints of funicle subequal in length, united equal

to first; thorax scarcely wider than long. 466. ELONGATUS.

aa. Second joint of funicle distinctly longer than third, almost as long as

first; thorax one-third wider than long. 467. DECIPIENS.

466 (8660). ANTHONOMUS ELONGATUS Lee., 1876, 204.

Strongly elongate, nearly parallel. Dark brown, clothed with large
rounded, pale brown and whitish scales, the latter forming a narrow
median and oroader lateral lines on thorax and condensed each side of
scutellum, along the base of elytra and on the sixth interval from base to
near the middle; denuded fascia surrounded by a broad stripe of white
scales, including a short white line on fourth interval; antennae brownish-
yellow, club dusky; legs reddish-brown. Beak as long as head and thorax,
male, one-fourth longer, female, slender, cylindrical, curved, densely punc-
tured, finely carinate. Thorax with sides feebly rounded, disc coarsely and

316 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONI1SLS].

densely punctured. Elytra elongate-oval, but slightly wider at base than
thorax, sides parallel to beyond middle, thence converging and broadly
rounded to tips; striae wide, deep, their punctures elongate; intervals feebly
convex, finely rugose. Length 2.3 — 3 mm. (Fig. 81, d.)

Lake, Lawrence, Orange and Spencer counties, Ind., scarce ;
May 12 — June 11. Taken by sweeping. Canastota, X. Y., March
12. Snake Hill, Arlington, Newark and Anglesea, N. J. ; May-
June. Banges from Quebec and New England to Nevada, south
to Florida. Breeds in a twig-gall on Bi gel or id in Colorado.
(Schwartz.) Common on flowers of Pr units, .May 25. (Frost.)

467 (8668). ANTHOXOMVS DECIPIEXS Lee., 1876, 206.

Elongate-oblong. Dark brown or piceous, rather densely clothed above
and beneath with large, oval, grayish-white scales, becoming hair-like on
the abdomen, and often condensed along the median third of fourth and
basal third of sixth intervals; antennae and legs reddish-brown; sides of
elytra usually with a dark, ill-defined cloud behind the middle. Beak longer
than head and thorax, curved, shining, coarsely punctured near base.
Thorax with sides feebly rounded, strongly narrowed near apex, densely
and rather finely punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax,
sides almost parallel, obliquely narrowed and rounded to tip; striae wide,
deep, coarsely and closely punctured; intervals slightly convex, finely
rugose. Front femora feebly toothed. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Recorded from Michigan, Kansas, Texas, Oregon and Wash-
ington. Beaten abundantly from Cratcryns by Dr. Hamilton.
Pierce states (1907, 272) that it occurs on cotton and CaUirrlicr
involucrata T. & G. in Texas.

XII. NEOMASTIX Dietz, 1891. (Gr., "new" + "whip.")

Antenna? slender; funicle 5-jointed, first joint long and ro-
bust, 2 — 5 nearly equal, club broadly oval, closely jointed, the
basal joint shining (Fig. 78, <_•} ; first and second veutrals rather
long ; 3 — 5 short, equal ; legs not very slender, femora not
toothed; front and middle tibia? with claws, hind ones feebly
spined ; tarsal claws with a sharp, rather long tooth. Males with
fifth ventral broadly emarginate and pygidium freely exposed.
Two species were described by Dietz, but Fall (1913, r>9) who has
studied the types, states that they are identical.

468 (11,028). NEOMASTIX SOLIDAGINIS Dietz, 1891, 255.

Oval, rather robust. Reddish-brown to piceous, rather thickly clothed
with yellowish, subprostrate pubescence. Beak slightly longer than head
and thorax, rather stout, punctured, striate, pubescent. Head sparsely
punctured, front feebly impressed. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
narrowed in front, feebly and broadly constricted at apex; sides feebly
rounded from base to middle; disc densely and rather coarsely punctured,

TRIBE XII. AXTIIOXOMIXI. 317

sometimes with a faint median elevated line. Elytra oval, one-third
wider at base than thorax; striae deep, their punctures coarse, close-set;
intervals convex, finely and sparsely punctulate. Length 1.5 mm.

Recorded from Atco, Clementon and Bnena Vista, N. J. Fre-
quent at Dnnedin, Sanford and Ormond, Fla., on the flowers of
the Ericad, Andromeda nitida Bart.; Jan. 10 — April 15. Ranges
from New England and Pennsylvania south to Florida. Occurs
late in the fall on deflorescent flower-heads of goldenrod, (Sol-
idago). (Dietz.)

XIII. PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS Dietz, 1891. (Gr., ''false"-)- Anthono-
mns.)

The species of this genus are all of a reddish-yellow or red-
dish-brown color, pubescent both above and below, and without
scales. They differ from Antliononnts by having the antenna]
grooves directed beneath or against the lower border of the eyes
(Fig. 78, ;') and have the beak rather stout, curved; antenna in-
serted three-fifths, male, or one-half, female, from its tip; an-
tennal club loosely jointed, pubescent; thorax wider than long,
bisinuate at base, narrowed in front and constricted at apex;
elytra usually transversely impressed behind the base, their stria;
and punctures coarse and deep ; scutellum densely pubescent ;
ventral segments nearly equal ; pygidium exposed ; femora feebly
clavate, usually toothed; tibiae slender, the front and middle ones
with a hook, the hind ones with a short spine at apex; tarsal
claws with a long and slender tooth. Eleven of the 14 known
species occur in our territory.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PSEUDANTHONOMUS.

a. Funicle 6-jointed.

&. Femora, at least the front ones, toothed,
c. Second joint of funicle longer than third.

d. Larger, 2.2 — 3 mm.; thorax without a row of large punctures
across the post-apical constriction; fourth joint of funicle
smaller than third.
e. Antennal grooves scarcely oblique, directed against the lower

extremity of the eyes; elytra wider at base than thorax.
f. Pubescence condensed on median line of thorax.

g. Pubescence long, yellow and condensed in patches or
bands on elytra. 469. CKAT,EGI.

fig. Pubescence short, white, equally distributed on elytra.

470. VAi,inrs.

//. Pubescence not condensed on median line of thorax, long,
coarse, yellow, evenly distributed on elytra.

471. HAMAMKLI01S.

318 SUBFAMILY X. CT'RCULIONINJE.

ee. Antennal grooves very oblique, directed beneath at a distance

from the eyes (Fig. 78, ;') ; elytra scarcely wider at base

than thorax. 472. INCIPIENS.

eld. Smaller, not over 2 mm.; thorax with a transverse row of large

punctures across the constriction; fourth joint of funicle as

large as third. 473. PUNCTICOLLIS.

cc. Second and third joints of funicle nearly equal.

7i. Robust species, elytra suddenly wider at base; fourth joint of
funicle small; alternate intervals narrow. 474. SERIESETOSTS.
Jilt. Elongate, slender species.

i. Fourth joint of funicle shorter than the others.

j. Larger, 2.5 mm.; elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax,

the latter not strongly rounded at sides. 475. LOXGULUS.

jj. Smaller, 2 mm.; elytra wider at base than thorax, the latter

strongly rounded at sides. 476. RUFULUS.

ii. Joints 4 — 6 of funicle equal; thoracic punctures small; eyes

feebly convex; length 2.2 mm. 477. PABVULCS.

b&. All the femora unarmed; second joint of funicle scarcely longer

than third; form robust; antennal grooves directed beneath the

eyes. 478. IXEBMIS.

aa. Funicle 5-jointed, its second joint longer than third, fourth and fifth

nearly equal. (Fig. 78, ?.) 479. RELICTUS.

469 (8661). PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS CRAT.EGI Walsh, 1867, 266.

Elongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown with a rather dull lustre; thinly
clothed with long yellowish pubescence, condensed along the entire median
line of thorax, and in small spots, patches or subtransverse lines on the
elytra. Beak punctured, feebly striate. Frontal fovea elongate. Thorax
one-fourth wider than long, sides broadly rounded; disc feebly constricted
near apex, densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra one-fourth wider
at base than thorax; striae wide, their punctures coarse; intervals convex.
Length 2.5—2.8 mm. (Fig. 86.)

Lake, Starke, Putnam and Fountain counties, Ind., frequent;

April 17 — July 5. Beaten from Cra-
t fry us. Not rare near New York City,
Ma-y to September, beaten from wild

~-T

cnerry. Ranges from -Nova Scotia,
Canada and New York to Wisconsin,
south to Florida and Texas. Para-
(Aftfr 8siin*riand.) sitic in galls on Cratwgus crus-galli L.

(Walsh.) On flowers of Primus, May 3. (Frost.) Bred from

seed pods of Kaliuia latifolia L. (Dun/.}

470 (11.018). PSEUDAKTHONOMVS VALiDus Dietz, 1891, 250.

Oblong-oval. Pale reddish-brown, a little more robust and shining
than crattrgi; thinly clothed with fine, pale yellowish or whitish pubes-
cence, condensed along median line of thorax from base to about the middle,
and arranged on elytra in three irregular rows on each interval. Beak
distinctly shorter and stouter than in cratirgi, punctured and substriate.

TRIBE XII. ANTHONOMINI. 319

Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly narrowed in front, broadly con-
stricted near apex, densely and deeply punctured. Elytra oval, at base
nearly one-third wider than thorax; strial punctures rather large, trans-
verse; intervals convex, rugose, the alternate ones wider towards base.
Length 2.2—2.7 mm.

Steuben, Starke and Putnam counties, Ind., scarce; May 0—
Oct 17. Described from Canada, Nebraska, Colorado and New
Mexico. Recorded from Ohio.

471 (- -). PsEUDAvmoxoMUS HAMAMELIDIS Pierce, 1908, 180.

Oblong-oval. Pale reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed with long
yellowish, very evenly distributed pubescence. Beak as in valiilus. Second
joint of funicle twice the length of third. Thorax not much wider than
long, sides rounded to and but slightly constricted before apex; disc coarse-
ly, densely and deeply punctured. Elytra one-third wider at base than
thorax; striae deeply impressed, their punctures large and distinct; inter-
vals convex, shining, equal in width at base. Length 2 mm.

Lake George, N. Y., August 30. Afton, Virginia. Bred in
August from the fruit of witch-hazel, HaniantcUs riryiniana L.
Resembles the two preceding but rather paler, thorax less con-
stricted near apex, its pubescence longer and more evenly dis-
tributed.

472 (11,019). PSEUDANTHONOMTJS iNCiPiENS Dietz, 1891, 250.

Elongate, subovate. Dark reddish-brown, antennae and legs paler;
thinly clothed with yellowish-gray pubescence, which is nearly evenly
distributed on thorax and elytra. Beak stout, shorter than head and thorax,
slightly widened from base to apex, coarsely punctured, pubescent on basal
half. Thorax a little wider than long, widest at middle, sides rounded,
disc densely and deeply punctured. Elytra oblong, one-fourth wider at
base than thorax, sides almost straight, nearly parallel; stria? wide, deep,
their punctures large, close-set; intervals convex, finely punctulate and
rugose. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Common throughout the northern half of Indiana; Lawrence
county only in the sou Mi ; May 18 — August 15. Beaten from dead
limbs of tamarack, Lari.r lariciita DuRoi, and from flowers of
the tall blue-berry, Vaccinia in cori/inhoxinn L. Passiac, N. J., and
Staten Island, N. Y. Beaten in multitudes from laurel, Kalinin
angustifolia L., just out of bloom. (Hamilton.) Ranges from
New York and Canada to Michigan, south to District of Colum-
bia. Resembles crata^gi but darker, with pubescence shorter,
more evenly distributed and scarcely yellow.

473 (- — ). PSEUDAXTHONOMl'S PUXCTICOLLIS Sp. 11OV.

Elongate-oval. Pale reddish-brown, thinly clothed with very fine white
pubescence, not condensed on any portion of the body. Beak slender, as

320 STT.FAMILY X. rURCULION IX.T:.

long as head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Antennae inserted
at apical third, the grooves directed against the lower margin of eye;
second joint of funicle twice as long as third, 3 — 5 subequal, rounded,
the fourth not smaller, sixth slightly larger. Thorax as long as wide at
basal third, sides broadly rounded from base to beyond middle, strongly
constricted near apex; disc convex, rather coarsely and densely punctured
behind the constriction, a row of larger rounded punctures in the groove,
in front of these the disc alutaceous, more finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra oblong-oval, one-third wider at base than thorax; strife deep, their
punctures large, close-set; intervals convex, minutely and remotely punc-
tate. Abdomen shining, almost smooth. Length 2 mm. (W. S. B.)

Fountain Co., Tnd., rare; May 28. A slender species, easily
known by the peculiar sculpture of thorax and joints 3 — 5 of
funicle subequal.

474 (11,020). PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS SERIESETOSUS Dietz, 1891, 251.

"Oval. Of the same color and pubescence as valichis ; differs in having
the beak of male stouter and shorter, densely punctured and finely striate;
the second and third joints of funicle equal. Frontal sulcus long, deep and
linear. Thorax one-third wider than long, the median pubescent line nar-
row, entire or nearly so. Elytra gradually narrowed from base to apex,
the fourth, sixth and eighth intervals narrower than the ethers. Length
2.3 mm." (Dietz.)

Known from Detroit, Mich.. District of Columbia and Ne-
braska.

475 (11,023). PsEUDAXTiioxoMrs LOXGULUS Dietz, 1891, 252.

Elongate. Dull reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubes-
cence, somewhat condensed on sides and along the median line of thorax,
and in irregular spots on the elytra. Beak stout, scarcely wider at apex,
densely punctured, basal half carinate above, striate each side. Frontal
fovea small, round. Thorax broadly rounded on the sides, apex distinctly
constricted, disc densely and rather coarsely punctured. Elytra elongate;
strial punctures rather large, close-set; intervals convex, each with two
rows of minute punctures. Length 2.5 mm.

Jamesburg, N. J., July 4. District of Columbia and North
Carolina.

476 (11,024). PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS RUFULUS Dietz, 1891, 252.

Elongate, nearly parallel. Pale reddish-brown, somewhat shining,
thinly clothed with very fine, whitish pubescence. Beak robust, shining,
sparsely punctured and pubescent, striate on basal half. Head very finely
and sparsely punctate, frontal fovea small. Thorax nearly twice as
wide at middle as long, scarcely constricted at apex, disc finely and rather
densely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides
straight and parallel for two-thirds their length, thence rounded to apex;
striae wide, deeply impressed, their punctures large, round, wider than the

TRIP.E XII. AXTHOXOMIXI. 321

intervals on the disc. Side pieces of thorax densely clothed with fine white
hairs. Length 2 mm.

Knox County, Intl., scarce; July 1. Known elsewhere from
New Jersey, Massachusetts and District of Columbia.

477 (11,026). PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS PARVULUS Dietz, 1891, 253.

"Similar in form and color to lonrjulus. More shining, very thinly
clothed with short whitish pubescence. Head sparsely punctured and pub-
escent. Disc of thorax rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra
oblong, one-third wider at base than thorax; strial punctures large, round-
ed, subconfluent on the disc; intervals convex, narrower at base, rugulose.
Length 2.2 mm." (Dietz.}

Described from a single female from Illinois.

478 (— — ). PSEITDAXTHOXOMt'S IXERMIS Sp. nOV.

Oblong-oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with very
short yellowish, scale-like hairs, scarcely condensed on any portion of the
body; scutellum white; under surface darker. Beak stout, scarcely longer
than thorax, both it and head alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate.
Antennae, inserted at apical third, male, middle, female, their grooves
directed beneath the eyes; second joint of funicle more slender and but
little longer than third; 4—6 subglobose, the fourth slightly shorter than
third, club very large, densely pubescent. Thorax a little wider than long,
sides straight on basal half, then feebly rounded and converging to apex;
disc not constricted, coarsely and densely punctured, each puncture en-
closing a short yellow prostrate hair. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base
than thorax, humeri prominent, sides feebly converging from base to apical
third, then more strongly so to apex; stria? rather deep, their punctures
large, not close-set; intervals convex, granulose-punctate, each puncture
bearing a short yellowish hair. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate.
Length 2—2.3 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Dunedin and Lake Istokpoga, Fla.; Feb. 25 — March 2.",. The
male has the thorax somewhat narrower, with sides almost evenly
converging from base to apex. Differs from all others by the un-
armed femora and the character of the pubescence. The only
species of the genus so far known from Florida.

479 (11,027). PSEUDAXTHOXOMUS EELICTI-S Dietz, 1891, 254.

Elongate, subovate. Brown, clothed with coarse yellowish-gray pubes-
cence. Beak widened from base to apex, punctured and feebly bistriate
from base to middle. Frontal fovea obsolete. Thorax coarsely and closely
punctate. Elytra elongate, wider behind, but slightly wider at base than
thorax; strial punctures coarse; intervals nearly flat, rugose, the third
conspicuously widened at base, each with several irregular rows of minute
punctures. Length 2 mm.

Described from a single male from Pennsylvania. Kesembles
•incipicns but darker and the funicle only 5-jointed.

SUBFAMILY X. — CURCULIONINJE.

Tribe XIII. PRIOXOMERINI.

Small, broad, robust species, having the beak stout, not longer
than thorax; antenna? inserted about its middle, scape passing
the front border of eyes, funicle 7-jointed ; club very large, oval,
pointed, pubescent; eyes large, rounded; thorax without postoc-
ular lobes; prosternum short, not emarginate; ventral sutures
deeply impressed, all except the first angulated or projecting
backwards in a point at the sides; fifth scarcely longer than
fourth; legs stout, tibia* with a slender terminal hook; tarsi di-
lated, spongy beneath, third joint bilobed; claws appendiculate;
pygidium more or less visible.

KEY TO GENERA OF PRIOXOMERIM.

a. Beak as long as thorax, subcylindrical; tooth of front thighs large,
serrate. I. PRIOXOMEISTS.

aa. Beak short, broad, flat; tooth of thighs small, acute.

II. PIAZORHIXUS.

I. PRIOXOMERUS Schon., 183G. (Gr.,

"saw" - "femur.")

Head very short, eyes approximate, scape reaching their mid-
dle; scutellum elongate-oval; front tibia1 strongly curved; tooth
of front femora much wider than long, its front edge oblique,
armed with six to ten small teeth.

480 (8084). PRIOXOMEIU-S CALCEATTS Say, 1831, 15; ibid, I, 278.

Broadly oval. Black, feebly shining; antenna? and tarsi reddish-
brown, club darker. Beak rather coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-third
wider at base than long, strongly narrowed
in front, coarsely, deeply and very densely
punctate. Elytra quadrate, but little longer
than wide, sides parallel to near apex,
which is broadly rounded; stria? deeply im-
pressed, coarsely punctured, intervals flat,
densely granulate-punctate. Length 3 — 4
mm. (Fig. 87.)

Lake, Marshall, Vermillion, Perry
and Posey counties, Tnd., scarce; prob-
ably throughout the state; May 12—
July 22. P>eateu from sassafras. Xot
rare near Xew York City, May — July.
Lake Istokpoga, Fla., Feb. 24. Range;;
from New England to Michigan, south
to Florida ; the larv.T mininir in the

Fig. 87. A. Adult, X 10;
lar

B,

front femur, showing large ser-
rate tooth; C, abdomen showing
the ventral segments angulate at
sides. (Original.)

leaves of sassafras and Lirkxlciulroii.

The eggs are laid in the

TRIBE XIII. PRIOXOMERIXI.

midrib, several larvae feeding side by side, making large mines
which inflate when dry; pupal cells are of silk and clustered to-
gether. (Pierce.)

II.. PIAZORHINUS Schon., 1836. (Gr., "burdensome" -I- "beak.")

Short robust species resembling the pea- weevils (Bruckidse)
in form, the antenna* feebly elbowed. Differing from Priono-
tnerus in the smaller size, more widely separated eyes, shorter
scutellum, shorter and flatter beak, straight front tibia?, and by
having all the femora armed with a short, minute tooth.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PIAZORHINUS.

o. Color nearly uniform black; scutellum white. 481. SCUTELLARIS.

aa. Color mainly brown.

b. Elytra with black spot or cross bands and without tubercles near

middle.
c. Beak distinctly longer than wide; eyes narrowly separated.

482. PICTUS.

cc. Beak barely longer than wide; eyes separated by half their own

width. 483. TIIORACICUS.

lib. Elytra uniform reddish-brown, each with a distinct tubercle on

second interval at middle. 484. TUBERCULATUS.

481 (8685) PIAZORIIIXUS SCUTELLARIS Say, 1826, 252; ibid, II, 315.

Short, broadly ovate. Black, moderately shining, sparsely and irregu-
larly clothed with long hairs, yellowish on the thorax, white on elytra; an-
tenna? and tarsi pale brownish-yellow. Beak gradually widened from base
to apex, finely striate, coarsely punctate. Thorax at base one-third wider
than long, disc convex, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, carinate at
middle. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax; striae finely punc-
tured; intervals flat, coarsely punctate. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Lake, Steuben, Posey and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; May
20 — June 30. Beaten from oak. Bowmanville and Evanston,
111., June 13 — August 10. Connecticut, New York and New Jer-
sey, May to September. Ranges from New England to Michigan
and Nebraska, south to Georgia. Say records it from Knlinia
Jatifoliti L. ; Ulke as very common on bushes, and Harrington
from hickory. In fresh specimens the white hairs of elytra are
arranged in three more or less distinct cross-bars, median, post-
median and subapical, the median one very undulating.

482 (8686). PIAZORHINUS PICTUS Lee., 1876, 211.

Form of scutellaris. Brownish-yellow, clothed with long pale yellow-
ish hairs, more dense on occiput, thorax and humeri; head and beak
usually dusky; elytra with large, rounded common dusky spot extending
from base to middle, paler within, and a dusky oblique band, more or

321 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

less interrupted on the seventh interval, which reaches the suture about
one-fourth from tip. Beak shorter, broader, more finely sculptured
than in scutellaris. Thorax less narrowed in front, finely and densely
punctured, and with a short median carina. Punctures of elytral striae
finer, close-set; intervals wide, flat, each with a single row of coarse,
close-set punctures. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Marshall County, Ind., scarce; June 11 — 12. Edgebrook, 111.,
June 20. Recorded from numerous places in New Jersey, but
always rare. Watchogue, Staten Island, Nov. 21. Dunedin, Fla.,
Feb. 29 — March 21. Ranges from Canada and New Jersey to
Wisconsin, south to Florida. On oak during June in Pennsyl-
vania. (Hamilton.) The black spot of elytra varies much in size,
in two Florida specimens being almost obsolete, is usually pale
at center and is sometimes represented by two or three dark ir-
regular cross bands ending on the sides in a small white spot.

483 (- -). PIAZORHINUS THORAOICUS Casey, 1910, 128.

"Form, coloration and vestiture as in pictns but slightly narrower,
the beak still wider, barely longer than wide, broad and flat; eyes but
feebly convex, separated on the front by fully half their own width;
thorax relatively much larger and less transverse, nearly half as long
and four-fifths as wide as elytra, the converging sides from base to apex
more arcuate; elytra nearly similar in ornamentation, but with striae
much finer. Length 2.4 mm." (Casey.)

Palm Beach, Florida.

484 (— -). PiAZORirixvs TUBERCULATUS sp. nov.

Form of scutellaris. Uniform dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed
with rather short whitish hairs which are feebly condensed along the
median line of thorax and on the scutellum; antennae and legs pale reddish-
brown. Beak flat, scarcely longer than wide at apex, rapidly widening
from base forwards, almost smooth and glabrous. Thorax shorter and
broader than in the other species, one-half wider than long, sides feebly
curved from base to apical third, then strongly converging to apex; disc
densely and coarsely granulate-punctate. Elytra widest at humeri, their
base scarcely wider than thorax, sides broadly and feebly curved from
humeri to the separately rounded tips; disc evidently, but feebly, declivous
from the tubercles at middle to base; stria? rather coarse, finely and
closely punctate; intervals finely and densely punctate. Second, third
and fourth ventrals narrower and more convex than in pictus or scutel-
laris. their sutures very deep. Length 2 — 2.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Lake ( )keechobee, Fla., March 7. Taken by sweeping. One
specimen is in the Horn collection from Biseayne Bay, Fla. Very
distinct in color, short broad beak, tubercles of elytra and form
of ventral segments.

TRIBE XIV. MECIXIXI. 325

Tribe XIV. MECININI.

Small, broadly oval, robust species, having the funicle of an-
tenna1 with but five joints; beak cylindrical, antenna' inserted
at apical third; scape reaching- the eyes which are oval trans-
verse and widely separated; front coxa? large and prominent;
ventral segments not very unequal in length, the third and fourth
slightly shorter; tarsal claws simple. Nine species, belonging to
four genera, represent the tribe in this country. Six of these are
known from our territory, while one is a European species re-
corded once only from Louisiana.

KEY TO GENERA OF MECININI.

a. Pygidium covered (CiONiNi of European authors.)

b. Antennal club with joints distinct; femora not toothed.

I. NANOPHYES.
bb. Antennal club merely annulated; femora strongly toothed.

II CIONUS.*
aa. Pygidium exposed; antennal club annulated.

c. Front coxa? contiguous; tarsal claws connate; beak short, stout

tapering. III. GY.MNETRON.

cc. Front coxae separated; claws free; beak long and slender.

IV. MIARUS.

I. NANOPHYES Schon., 18:J7. (Gr., Nanus + "similar.")

One introduced European species represents this genus in our
territory.

485 (8703). NANOPIIYES PALI.IDULUS Grav., Zool. Syst., 1807, 203.

Oval, convex, robust. Reddish-brown, thinly pubescent with Jong
yellow hairs; head, beak, a triangular spot on basal third of elytra, and a
small postmedian spot on each darker. Thorax strongly narrowed from
base to apex. Elytra very convex, strife deep, intervals convex. Length
2.3—2.7 mm.

One specimen in the Horn collection from New Jersey. Re-
corded also from Louisiana and Colorado. Introduced from
Europe, where it occurs in Italy and southern France. Bedel
doubts the correctness of the determination of the American
species.

III. GYMXETROX Schon., 182G. (Gr., "naked" -f "belly.")

Beak nearly straight, as long as thorax, tapering from base
to apex, scaly on basal half, smooth, striate, finely and sparsely

*Ciouus scrvfilnilariec Oliv. Black, the thorax, a humeral mark, body beneath and
legs clothed with yellow hair; elytra brown with two black sutural spots, the alternate
intervals elevated, tessellated black and white. Recorded from Louisiana by Summers;
also taken by Say (1831, 21) without definite locality. A European species which attacks
the fruit of the plum, the larv;c feeding on the kernel.

320

SUBFAMILY X. — CURCULIONINJE.

punctate in front of antennas first joint of funicle two-thirds
longer than second, the latter slightly longer than third, 3 — 5
equal ; club short, oval ; head short, immersed in thorax nearly to
the eyes. This genus and the next alone constitute the tribe
M'cciiihii of Rcitter.

486 (8705). GY.MNF/JKOX TETIU^I Fab.. 1801, 448.

Broadly oval, very robust. Black, subdepressed, densely clothed with
suberect yellowish-gray pubescence. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, sides broadly rounded, apex less than one-half as wide as base, disc
finely and densely punctured. Elytra but slightly wider at base than thor-
ax, sides broadly curved from base to apex; strise deep, coarsely punctured;
intervals flat, finely and densely rugosely punctate. Femora stout, toothed
beneath. Length 2.3—3.7 mm. (Fig. 88.)

Common throughout Indiana; Feb. 2 — Nov. 1. Hibernates in
numbers beneath the basal leaves of mullein,
Ycrbascion tlifijtsns L., on which plant it swarms
in summer, the larva- living in the seed pods.
Very common near New York City in May and
June, occasionally until August, on mullein.
Ranges from Canada and New England to Iowa,
north of Georgia and Arkansas; also throughout
middle and southern Europe and Siberia. Easily
known by its 5-jointed funicle, broad, subde-
pressed form and hirsute appearance.

IV. MIARUS Steph., 1831. (Gr., "maculate.")

Small hirsute species differing from GIIIHIIC-
tron in having the beak long and slender, usually extending
beyond the middle cox.p and lying in a groove between the front
ones in repose; femora, in our species, not toothed, tibia1 not
armed, tarsal claws free.

Fig.

X 8- a, Side view
of head, beak and
antennae. (After

Kuhnt.)

KEY TO EASTERN" SPEC IKS OF MIAIU'S.

a.

aa.

Surface lustre feebly bronzed; sides of thorax converging from base to
apex, but only feebly curved. 487. Hisrinrr.rs.

Surface deep black throughout, not at all bronzed.
, Larger, 2.3 or more mm.; sides of thorax strongly curved.

c.

Form oval, robust, convex; thorax two-thirds wider than long.

488. PURITANUS.

cc. Form very elongate-oval; thorax scarcely one-half wider than long.

489. ILLIXI.
-&D. 'STiTaUer, not over 1.8 mm.; sides of thorax feebly curved.

490. XAXUS.
487, • (87'06,)7,'M|tABCS IIISPIDVLUS Lee., 1876, 221.

. Ovate, convex!'. Black with a feeble bronzed tinge, thinly clothed with
grayish erect hairs j sides of sterna densely clothed with small, oval, silvery-

-.

TRIBE XIV. MKCININI. .'il'T

gray scales; legs dark reddish-brown. Beak smooth, striate and feebly punc-
tured near base. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, sides feebly rounded
and strongly converging from base to apex, disc densely, finely and shallow-
ly punctured. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, shining; stria?
deep, feebly punctured; intervals flat, each with two rows of punctures
bearing suberect gray hairs. Length 2 mm.

Marion and Hamilton counties, Ind., rare; June 2(5 — August
IS. Several localities in Xew Jersey, June to August. Ranges
from Quebec and New England to Illinois, Florida and Texas.
Breeds in the seed capsules of Indian tobacco, Lobelia infliita L.
(B1<iii<-lnir(l) ; and in those of the great lobelia, L. si/jiliiliticu L.
(UlJce.)

488 (- -). MIARUS PURITANUS Casey, 1910, 144.

Oval, convex. Deep black without lustre; thorax clothed with short,
erect gray hairs; elytra with long sparser paler ones, interlacing across the
suture near apex; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown; scutellum white
Thorax with sides strongly converging from base to apex, disc rather
coarsely, very densely punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, slightly longer than
wide, much wider than thorax; stria? rather fine and shallow, distinctly
not coarsely punctate; intervals wide, flat, feebly punctate. Length 2.3 —
2.7 mm.

Putnam County, Tnd., rare; July 20. Casey's tviie was from

* * * ( L

.Massachusetts.

489 (- -). MIARUS iLi.ixi Casey, 1910, 144.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, clothed with short erect, very stiff dusky-
gray hairs. Beak much longer than head and thorax, slender, feebly cur-
ved, the antennae inserted slightly beyond basal third. Thorax rather
finely, densely punctate, the converging sides strongly curved. Elytra
one-fifth wider than thorax and one-fifth longer than wide; stria? very fine,
rather remotely and finely punctate; intervals flat, shining, sparsely sub-
rugosely punctate. Sides of sterna densely clothed with brownish-gray,
plumulose scales. Length 2.4 mm.

Illinois.

490 (- -). MIARUS XAXUS Casey, 1910, 144.

Elongate-oval. Black, thorax thinly clothed with short erect hairs;
elytra with sparse longer yellowish-gray ones, antennae and tarsi reddish-
brown. Thorax nearly three-fourths wider than long, sides strongly con-
verging from the base, disc coarsely, less densely punctate than in puritan-
us. Elytral striae much deeper than there, strongly not coarsely punctate;
intervals narrower, less flat, shining, very finely and sparsej
Length 1.8 mm.

Massachusetts.

SUBFAMILY X. < TIt( TLIOXIXJE.

Tribe XV. CLEONINI.

In this tribe the elytra extend but feebly over the flanks of
the metatliorax and abdomen, so that the angles on the sides of
the first ventral segment of the latter are uncovered and visible.
The body is never very stout, but usually elongate and more or
less subcylindrical; mentum large, flat; antenna? elbowed, some-
times feebly so, joints of funicle gradually broader, club elongate-
oval, annulated, pubescent and sensitive; tibise more or less
spined at tips, their articular surface on the sides, corbels want-
ing; tarsi in our species with brushes or pads of yellowish-brown
pubescence beneath, their claws ronnate or approximate at base.
In Indiana the adults are mostly found in the vicinity of water,
the larva? of a number of species feeding upon different kinds of
smartweed (Polygonum) , others upon dock, ragweed and wild
sunflower. The tribe has been reviewed by

Casey, T. L. — "Coleopterological Notices, III — Cleonini," in
Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 181)1, 1TG— 213.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF CLEOXIXI.

o. Beak short, flat, stout, strongly carinate, somewhat dilated at tip;
thorax angulated at sides, constricted near apex; third joint of hind
tarsi emarginate, not spongy beneath. I. STEPIIANOCI.EOXT'S.

aa. Beak cylindrical, not or feebly dilated at tip; thorax not angulated
at sides; third joint of hind tarsi usually bilobed and spongy beneath,
b. Beak shorter, stouter, more densely pubescent and often feebly di-
lated at tip; form usually stouter; pubescence usually arranged
in stripes. II. CLEOXUS.

bb. Beak longer, more slender, more curved and not dilated at tip; form
less stout, often very slender; pubescence not or rarely in stripes.

III. Lixus.

I. STEPHAXOOLKOXTS Motsch., 1800. (Gr., '"crown of Cleonus.")
Antenna? stout, feebly elbowed ; first joint of funicle longer,
second equal to third, seventh forming part of club; tarsi hairy,
not spongy beneath, the hind ones with first and second joints
elongated.
491 (8513). STEPHAXOCLEOXUS PLr.Mi:i;rs Lee., 1876, 146.

Elongate, robust. Black, thinly clothed with very short, fine, whitish
pubescence, producing a leaden lustre; elytra with two faint oblique denud-
ed bands, and a small polished spot near tips. Beak stout, shorter than
thorax, finely and confluently punctured, its median carina high, curved,
not reaching tip but extending onto head. Thorax quadrate, suddenly nar-
rowed near apex, sides nearly parallel, base broadly biemarginate; disc
finely and densely punctured, with large scattered punctures inter-
vening, carinate in front of middle, impressed behind. Elytra with humeri
obliquely truncate, sides subsinuate, obliquely prolonged behind; striae
coarsely and closely punctate; intervals flat, densely and finely punctured.
Length 9 — 11 mm.

TKIP.K XV. CLEOXIXI.

329

Fig. 89. Cleonns
quadrilineatus Chev. X
3. (After Chittenden.)

Durham and East Wakefield, N. H., May. 15. Meriden,
Conn. Ranges from Maine to the north shore of Lake Superior,
Telegraph (."reek, B. C., southern Colorado and New Mexico.

II. Cuooxus Schon., 1820.

The differences between this genus and the next are difficult
to state. Casey says that the species of Linix
"form a very homogeneous assemblage, dis-
tinguishable at once from C1 con its by the
longer, more slender, cylindrical and less pub-
escent beak in which the modifications due to
sex are much more apparent than in the latter
livnus." While that niav be true where one has

" *

a large assemblage of species at hand, it is dif-
ficult to set forth in a key any definite char-
Meter which sharply defines the two genera
and which will enable the student to separate
isolated forms. Dr. E. A. Schwarz, the Xestor
of living American Coleopterists, in a recent letter to the writer
said: "Xo one has hitherto been able to point out any generic
differences between 1/i.rus and Clconns, but they differ in habitus
and mode of life." The differences between the two genera as set
forth in the key are the only ones given by both LeConte and
Casey, but they are gradational and not fixed.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CLEOXTS.

a. Second joint of funicle distinctly shorter than first; beak stout, two-
thirds or more the length of thorax.

b. Body stout, elongate-oval; beak distinctly dilated at apex; thorax

and elytra each with four broad stripes of gray pubescence;

length 12—14 mm. 492. CARIXICOIXIS.

bb. Body more slender, subparallel; beak less stout, not at all dilated

at apex. (Fig. 89.)

c. Elytra nearly uniformly densely clothed with ash-gray pubescence,
sometimes with a narrow subsutural and wider submarginal
stripe more sparsely pubescent; beak finely and densely punc-
tate; length 9 — 10 mm. 493. CALAXDROIDES.
cc. Elytra rather sparsely pubescent, more densely so along the sides;

beak more coarsely, less densely punctate.

(1. Beak distinctly carinate, separated from the head by a deep
transverse groove; thorax with four stripes of denser, paler
pubescence. 494. FKOXTALIS.

<id. Beak not or feebly carinate, the transverse groove at base ab-
sent; thorax with pubescence evenly distributed.

495. SfBCYLIXDRKTS.

330 sur.rAMiLY x. — rrurrLioxixjK.

aa. Second joint of funicle subequal to first; beak very short and thick,
less than half the length of thorax, the latter densely and coarsely
granulose. 496. GRAXIFERUS.

492 (8525). CLKOXVS CARLXICOLLIS Lee., 1S7G, 152.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, shining; beak, four broad stripes on
thorax and elytra and entire under surface rather thickly clothed with
short gray pubescence, one of the two pale stripes on each elytron marginal,
the other between the first and fifth rows of punctures, the two confluent or
almost so at base. Beak stout, three-fourths as long as thorax, coarsely
and sparsely punctate, with much finer punctures intervening, an obtuse
median carina on middle portion ending in an elongate fovea in front, base
with a rather deep transverse impression. Thorax as long as wide, sides
almost straight from base to middle, then feebly curved and converging
but not constricted to apex; disc very coarsely, sparsely and unevenly punc-
tate and with a broad, deep fovea in front of scutellum, the intervals be-
tween the coarse punctures, and a median smooth line extending from apex
to basal fourth, minutely punctulate. Elytra at base only about one-fourth
wider than thorax, humeri small, rounded, sides parallel for three-fourths
their length, then converging to the rounded apex; disc with a broad, feeble
impression behind the scutellum and another near the humeri; striae with
very coarse, close-set punctures, their intervals minutely and shallowly
punctate. Under surface very coarsely and sparsely punctate. Third joint
of hind tarsi densely spongy beneath, deeply emarginate, feebly bilobed.
Length 12 — 14 mm.

Orinond. Fla., Apr. 4. Southern Pines, X. C., Apr. IT. De-
scribed from Colorado. Much more robust than our other eastern
species.

493 (8527). CLEOXUS c A LAX OROIDES Rand., 1838, 42.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, densely clothed with long, fine ash-
gray hairs, those of thorax usually so condensed as to form four stripes,
these separated by narrow stripes of more sparse pubescence; antennae and
tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak with a fine carina reaching from frontal
fovea to antenna?. Thorax as broad at base as long, sides nearly parallel
from base to beyond middle, thence gradually converging to apex; disc
very coarsely and rather closely punctate, the intervals between the punc-
tures minutely punctulate; median line with a fine carina on apical half,
rather widely and deeply depressed behind the middle. Elytra slightly
wider near base than thorax, sides parallel for four-fifths their length,
thence converging into a bluntly rounded apex; strial punctures rather fine,
somewhat distant. Under surface densely pubescent, coarsely punctate.
Length 9.5 — 10 mm.

Tyniisboro and other points in eastern Massachusetts near the
coast and on Xantucket Island; May L>3 — Oct. 10. Found also
at East River, Conn., and Wading River, L. I. The larva' breed
in the stems and feed on the leaves of the sea rocket, CaJcilc
ttila

TRIHE XV. CLEOXIXI. 331

494 (8520). Ci.fioxrs FKOXTAUS Lee., 1876, 150.

Elongate, subparallel, rather slender. Black, shining; above rather
thickly clothed with yellowish-gray pubescence which covers the beak,
forms four broad stripes on thorax and a lateral and median stripe on
each elytron, the interval between the elytral stripes thinly pubescent,
mottled with denser spots. Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax as long as wide at base, sides almost parallel
from base to middle, then strongly converging to apex; disc very coarsely
and sparsely punctured and with a smooth median line extending from apex
to a broad, rather deep basal fovea. Elytra with base and sides as in
calandroides ; disc with three broad basal impressions, stria? with moderate-
ly large, somewhat distant punctures. Under surface coarsely and sparsely
punctate, densely pubescent. Third joint of hind tarsi spongy only at mar-
gin, deeply and narrowly bilobed. Length 9 mm.

Specimens labelled Illinois are in the Cambridge collection.
Described from Nevada and Wyoming.

495 (10,872). CLEOXUS srncYLixDuicus Casey, 1891, 193.

Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Black, elytra shining, above sparse-
ly clothed with very short gray hairs, condensed on sides of thorax and
elytra. Beak short, robust, about two-thirds the length of thorax, almost
glabrous, not carinate. Thorax about as long as wide, sides feebly curved,
disc almost glabrous except on sides, not carinate, coarsely, sparsely and
imevenly punctate, the intervals finely and very densely punctulate; median
basal impression very feeble. Elytra at base very slightly wider than thor-
ax; disc punctate as in calandroides. Hind femora much longer than the
tibiae. Length 10.5 mm.

Described from Florida.

496 (10,873). CI.EOXUS GRANIFERUS Casey, 1891, 194.

Form of preceding. Black, shining, rather sparsely clothed with short
gray hairs, denser in narrow stripes on the alternate intervals of elytra
and a broad marginal stripe on sides of thorax and elytra. Beak scarcely
more than half the length of thorax, sparsely punctate, not carinate, sepa-
rated from head by a deep, transverse groove, and with a deep fovea be-
tween the antenna\ Thorax about as long as wide, sides feebly curved, not
impressed on median line, densely covered with small irregular, shining,
tubercles. Elytra with disc coarsely tuberculose and roughened near base,
finely and densely punctate, the strial punctures rather coarse. Length 12
mm.

Described from Georgia.

III. Lixus Fabr., 1801. (Or., "color of ashes.")

Elongate, snbcylindrical sjiecies of medium or large size hav-
ing the a n tenure slender, the first joint of funicle thicker, the
second usually as long or longer than the two following united;
beak slender, not thickened at tip and very rarely carinate;

332 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

thorax oblong, conical, its base Insinuate; scutellum minute, tri-
angular; elytra elongate, subeylindrical, as wide at base as
thorax, their sides usually continuous, humeri obtusely suban-
gulate; tarsi broad, spongy beneath, with the third joint deeply
bilobed.

Schonherr, who founded the genus Clconus, states (1836, 2)
that Li, FII ft differs from it chiefly in haying the "antennis pone
medium, hand apici rostri insertis, teuuioribus ; rostro tereti,
Irevi, nee distincte carinato neque canaliculate; corpore etiam
srepissime minus crasso," but as will be seen, these distinctions
do not apply to a number of our species accredited to Li.nts. For
example, the point of insertion of the an ten lire is a sexual rather
than a generic character, as they are almost always inserted
nearer the apex in the male than in the female. Again, certain
of our species ha ye the beak distinctly carinate, while others haye
the body as stout as in any species of Clconus.

Most of the species, when fresh, are coyered with a pollen-like
yellowish powder which is easily rubbed off, and many of them
are pubescent. They are stem weeyils, the lary;e frequently caus-
ing an elongate, gall-like swelling of the stems of various plants.
Pupation takes place in the burrow or gall, and there is generally
only one generation a year. The texture of the elytra is remark-
ably hard, it being very difficult to impale them with ordinary
insect pins. About 40 species of Li.rus are known from the
United States, 21 of which occur in our territory. For conven-
ience they are separated into two groups:

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF LIXUS.

a. Second joint of funicle either shorter or subequal in length to the

next two combined. GROUP I, p. 332.

act. Second joint of funicle slender, distinctly longer than the next two

combined; elytra usually more or less finely mottled with ash-gray

pubescence. GROUP II, p. 340.

GROUP I.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Tips of elytra prolonged in short, rather acute, feebly diverging pro-
cesses.

1). Form stout; color black; first joint of funicle very short, not as

long as third and fourth combined. 497. CAUDIFER.

1)1). Form slender; color reddish-brown; first joint of funicle equal to

third and fourth combined. 498. UUBELLUS.

an. Tips of elytra not prolonged.

c. Elytra and thorax with a narrow, abruptly limited, densely pubes-
cent marginal pale stripe.

THIHE XV. CLEONIXI. 333

(L Thorax distinctly impressed on basal half; size larger, 8 or

more mm.

e. Basal impression of thorax broad, ill defined; beak with a fine

but distinct carina; form robust; elytra without pubescent

white spots. 499. LUPINUS.

ee. Basal impression of thorax deep, sharply limited; beak wholly

without carina; form more slender; elytra with pubescent

white spots. 500. AMPLEXUS.

del. Thorax not impressed on basal half; smaller and more slender,

not over 7 mm. 501. LEPTOSOMUS.

cc. Elytra, and often the thorax, without distinct marginal stripes of

pale pubescence,
f. Form short, broad, more or less oval, elytra never more than

twice as long as wide; length less than 9 mm.

g. Beak finely but distinctly carinate; elytra with a deep, parallel-
sided basal impression. 502. MARGIJ\TATUS.
gg. Beak not at all carinate.

/;. Beak very finely and rather densely punctate; elytral punc-
tures separated by twice or more their own diameters.

503. MUSCULUS.

7(7). Beak rather coarsely and roughly punctate; elytral punctures
separated by scarcely more than their own diameters.

504. PUNCTINASUS.
//. Form elongate, generally subparallel, the elytra distinctly more

than twice as long as wide.

i. Thorax broadly flattened and impressed throughout its length
or nearly so, the impression always deeper on basal half;
length 9.5 or more mm.

/. Form more slender; beak very slender in female, longer than
thorax: elytral impression deep. 505. COXCAVUS.

jj. Form robust; beak stout, subcarinate, subequal in length to
thorax in both sexes; elytral impression not deep.

506. MUCIDUS.
ii. Thorax impressed only near base.

k. Beak not at all carinate; vestiture of elytra hair-like; thorax

very coarsely cribrate-punctate; length less than 9.5 mm.
7. Beak very long and slender, as long as thorax in male,
longer in female; thorax with sides feebly rounded in
front. 507. SYLVIUS.

77. Beak short and stout, distinctly shorter than thorax in
both sexes; thorax with sides parallel on basal three-
fourths. 508. SCIIOBICOLLIS.
7.- 7v\ Beak distinctly carinate; vestiture of elytra scale-like;
length 10 — 10.5 mm. 509. MORULUS.

497 (8489). Lixus CAUDIFER Lee., 1876, 156.

Elongate, narrowly oval, robust. Black, everywhere densely clothed
with fine, short, gray pubescence; antenna? and tarsi dark reddish-brown.
Beak slender, shorter than thorax, its apical third polished in male. Second
joint of funicle slightly longer than third and fourth united. Thorax coni-
cal, at base slightly wider than long, sides gradually converging to apex;

334 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

disc finely and densely punctate, with scattered larger shallow punctures
intermixed, and with a large, deep, triangular median impression reaching
from base almost to apex. Elytra with sides parallel for three-fourths
their length, then converging to the prolonged tips; median basal impression
long, shallow; strial punctures rather large, distant; intervals and under
surface finely and densely punctate. Length 10 — 14 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 25. Recorded from Wisconsin,
Illinois, Iowa and British Columbia. A striking- and easily rec-
ognized species. Xo record of its food habits can be found.

498 (8487). Lixrs RUBELI.US Rand., 1838, 41.

Elongate, slender. Upper surface, antenna? and legs uniform reddish-
brown, sparsely clothed with very short, fine gray pubescence. Beak
slightly shorter than thorax, finely and densely punctured; front with
median fovea. Thorax longer than wide, gradually narrowed from base
to tip, sides nearly straight; disc finely and densely rugosely punctate, and
with a wide, elongate median impression reaching from base nearly to apex.
Elytra flattened but not distinctly impressed behind the scutellum, sides
as in can difi r. stria! punctures large, not distant. Length 7.5 — 9.5 mm.

Lake Co., Ind.. rare; June 10. Taken from beach of Lake
Michigan. Known from Quebec and Massachusetts to Wiscon-
sin, and probably occurs only in the Transition Life Zone. Ob-
served by Lintner in numbers on the flowers of the water persi-
caria or smart weed, Polygon inn (nn/>Jiil>iinii L., in Massachusetts.

499 (- -). Lixrs LUPIXUS Blatch., 1914, 248.

Elongate, cylindrical, robust. Black, shining, evenly and rather thickly
clothed with a fino, prostrate, gray pubescence which, on the sides of the
thorax and elytra, is condensed into a rather broad, prominent marginal
stripe. Beak short (2.3 mm. from eye to tip), stout, cylindrical, coarsely,
closely and deeply punctate and with a fine but distinct carina reaching
three-fourths to tip. Antennae stout, inserted one-third from tip, the second
and third joints of funicle subequal, the two together slightly longer than
the first. Thorax as long as wide, sides parallel from base to middle, thence
gradually converging to apex, the latter feebly bisinuate; disc with numer-
ous very coarse shallow punctures, somewhat irregularly placed, their in-
tervals finely reticulate-punctate, without median impressed line but with
a broad, shallow depression in front of scutellum and a fine carina on apical
third. Elytra three times longer than thorax and one-fourth wider at base,
sides parallel for three-fourths their length, thence feebly converging into
a rounded apex; disc with a large shallow concavity behind the scutellum
and with regular unimpressed rows of rather large distant punctures, their
intervals finely granulate-punctate. Abdomen densely pubescent, finely
and densely punctate, with numerous scattered very coarse punctures.
Length 11 — 13 mm.

Quite frequent on the flowers of the hoary lupine, Lupinns
ilif/uxiix Xutt., near Dunedin, Fla. ; Jan. 10 — October 25. Re-
sembles i>!</<-i<lii8 Lee., but that species is from Colorado and has

TKII5E XV. CLKOXIXI. 335

the first and second joints of funicle equal and the thorax chan-
neled for two-thirds its length. In fresh specimens of lit pi HUH
the pubescence of beak, thorax and elytra is so dense as to almost
conceal the surface sculpture.

500 (10,845). Lixrs AMPLEXUS Casey, 1891, 199.

Elongate, cylindrical, rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed
with very short white pubescence which is condensed to form scattered
small spots on elytra and marginal stripes on thorax and elytra as men-
tioned in key; antennae reddish-brown. Beak feebly curved, rather stout,
about three-fourths as long as thorax, both it and head finely, rather sparse-
ly punctate. Thorax as wide at base as long, sides nearly parallel on basal
three-fourths, thence rapidly converging to apex; disc very coarsely and
sparsely punctate, the intervals between the punctures alutaceous and finely
punctate, the sides more rugosely punctate than disc. Elytra with basal
impression continuous with that of thorax, large and deep; disc with un-
impressed rows of rather large and very distant punctures. Length 8.2 — 9.5
mm.

Described from Florida. Frequent near Sarasota, Feb. 13—
27, on the flowers of the large purple thistle, ('iirrtiiii* xitinoxissi-
ni it* Walt.

501 (- -) Lixus LEPTOSOMUS Blatch., 1914, 249.

Elongate, cylindrical, very slender. Black, shining, very sparsely cloth-
ed with fine gray pubescence except along the sides of the thorax and elytra,
where it forms a narrow but conspicuous stripe; antennae and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak short, stout, cylindrical, densely and finely reticulate-
punctate, feebly carinate. Antennae inserted at middle of beak, the first
joint of funicle stouter but subequal in length to second, which is one-half
longer than third. Thorax cylindrical, one-fourth longer than wide, base
and apex truncate, disc without smooth median line or basal impression,
coarsely and sparsely punctate, the intervals with very fine sparse punc-
tures. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, two and one-third times as
long, sides parallel for four-fifths their length, thence gradually converging
to a subacute apex; disc with rows of small, distant punctures, the intervals
very finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen densely pubescent, finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 7 mm.

Sanford, Fla., April !). One specimen swept from low lierbag:-
along the border of a cypress swamp. The only other described
species to which it appears to be closely allied is the Texan
species /",. IciK'Uus Casey, from which it differs in the relative
length of antenna! joints, in the beak being densely instead of
"extremely sparsely" punctate and in the relatively longer thorax
and greater length of body.

502 (8505). Lixrs MAKGIXATUS Say, 1831, 13; ibid, I, 275.
Elongate-oval, rather robust. Black, sparsely clothed with minute

grayish hairs which are often condensed along the sides of the thorax and
elytra to form a faint but evident pale stripe; antennae reddish-brown, club

33(5 srr.FAMiLy x. — c

dusky. Beak about as long as thorax, cylindrical, strongly curved, rather
deeply punctate; front with a distinct fovea. Thorax subconical. slightly
longer than wide at base, sides parallel from base to middle, thence
converging to apex; disc with dilated, confluent, feebly impressed punc-
tures, the median impression on basal half not deep. Elytra with sides
parallel for three-fourths their length, thence converging to the separately
rounded lips; disc with rows of rather large, round, close-set punctures.
Length 7.4 — 8.5 mm.

Perry County, Ind., rare; May 23. Sanford, Fla.. April 4.
Ranges from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Iowa and Florida.

503 (8499). Lixus MVSCULUS Say, 1831, 14; ibid, I, 276.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, sparsely clothed with fine gray hairs, an-
tennae piceous. Beak shorter than thorax, stout, densely punctate. Thorax
short, slightly wider at base than long, sides feebly converging from base to
apex; disc impressed before and behind the middle, coarsely and sparsely
punctate, the intervals between the large punctures finely punctulate.
Elytra with sides as in marginatus, their tips subacute; disc with rows of
small, deep, distant punctures and with a broad shallow impression be-
hind the scutellum. Length 7.2 — 8.5 mm.

Lake County, Ind., scarce ; May 12 — 20. Throughout New
Jersey and at many localities near New York City; April — Sept.
Dnnedin, Sanford, Sarasota, Crescent City and Lake Poinsett,
Fla., Jan. 1 — April 4. Ranges from Canada and New Jersey to
Texas and Colorado. Reared from Polyr/ointin amphibium L. in
Michigan l>y Kellicott, and from P. pcnnsi/Jraniciiin L. in Texas
by Pierce, who states (1907, 201) that the eggs are laid in the
stems near the joints and cause a cylindrical gall above the joint,
thus giving the larvre sufficient space to develop. The galls are
twice the diameter of the stem and about three-fourths of an inch
long. The larv.e, while in the cells, are attacked by a number of
primary parasites. When mature, the adults completely fill the
cells, and escape by gnawing a round hole in front of the head.
They frequently hibernate within the cells.

504 (8493) Lixus LTNCTINASTS Lee., 1876, 157.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown;
above and beneath thinly clothed with fine yellowish-gray pubescence.
Beak stout, cylindrical, as long as thorax, much more coarsely and roughly
punctate than in untsi-iilus: antennae inserted at its apical fourth; frontal
fovea small, distinct. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides parallel on
basal third, disc much narrowed in front, coarsely shallowly and rugosely
punctate, basal impression rather small, not deep. Elytra at base not
wider than thorax, separately rounded at tips; disc with rows of rather
small, close-set punctures, median basal impression shallow, the lateral ones
deep. Under surface finely and sparsely punctate. Length 8 mm.

ruii'.i: xv. — c L EON i XL

337

Starke Co., Ind., rare; June 7. The more strongly punctate
beak and more closely placed punctures of elytra easily distin-
guish this from iniixciiliiN. The type was from Ohio.

505 (8498). Lixus CONCAVUS Say, 1831, 14; ibid, I, 275.

Elongate-cylindrical, robust. Black, sparsely and evenly clothed with
very short, fine, ash-gray pubescence, and when fresh thickly covered with
a rust colored pollen: antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak finely and
densely punctate. Thorax slightly wider at base than long, sides feebly
rounded, distinctly constricted near tip, converging from basal third to
apex; disc sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, the intervals between the
punctures very finely punctulate, and with a large, gradually deeper
medial impression extending from near apex to base and continuous with
that of elytra. Elytra long, sides parallel for four-fifths their length; disc
with rows of small, somewhat distant punctures; intervals finely and
densely punctate. Length 10—13.5 mm. (Fig. 90.)

Common throughout Indiana, more so in the southern coun-
ties; March 10 — August 2. Occurs, especially on the curled or
sour dock, liinnc.r ci'ixjtus L., mailing May 2!); also on the arrow-
arnm, I'cltoinlnt rir</i»icd L. Common near New York <1ity. May
to September. Ranges from New England to Idaho, south to
Louisiana and Florida. Breeds in the stems of dock, sunflower
and thistle, the pupal cells being made in the stems just below
the surface of the earth. Known as the "rhubarb curculio," as

a

Fig. 90. Li.rtts coHcai'iis Say. a, Beetle; b, egg; c, newly hatched larva:

d, full grown larva; c, pupa: /, last abdominal segments of pupa.

All X 3- (After Chittenden. >

the adults, according to Chittenden (1000, <il), often attack and
puncture holes in the stems of rhubarb or pie-plant, RJtcinii
rltd/toii/iciiiit L., causing the juice to exude and the stem to die.
Eggs are often laid in these holes, but the larva' there hatched
tail to mature. The adults hibernate, mate in early spring and

338 Sri'.FAMILY X. - CURCULIOXIXJE.

the season's brood emerges in late summer. L. recta*. Lee., (re-
corded from Lake Harney. Fla., by Sclnvarz) is said by Casey to
be based on a small female of concurus. The latter is easily
known from all other Lixi by its large size, rather slender body
and the very deep common dorsal cavity of thorax and elytra.

506 (8497). Lixus MUCIDUS Lee., 1876, 158.

Elongate, cylindrical, much more robust than concavus. Black, densely
and very evenly clothed with short, fine, ash-gray pubescence. Beak stout,
strongly curved, densely and finely punctate, finely carinate behind the
antennae. Thorax as in concavus. a little shorter, not constricted at tip;
disc with fewer coarse punctures and with the median impression less
elongate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, the basal impression much
more shallow than in concavus, the tips separately subacute. Length
12—15 mm.

Throughout Indiana, but much less frequent than
Feb. 21 — Oct. 10. Hibernating in numbers beneath logs on sandy
hillsides on the dates given. Taken from stems of grasses along
borders of marshes in summer. Bred from sour dock by (\ M.
Weed and recorded by him as also attacking rhubarb, and by
Webster as puncturing and eating out the heart of the stems of
young corn. Recorded only from Ohio. Indiana and Illinois. Our
most robust species of Li.rux. but surpassed in length by L. fini-
briolatus.

507 (8491). Lrxrs SYLVIUS Boh., Schn.. 1843, II, 430.

Elongate, slender. Black, rather sparsely and unevenly clothed with
rather long, fine, grayish hairs, somewhat condensed on sides and middle of
thorax and elytra; antennae reddish-brown. Beak as described in key.
Thorax conical, as wide at base as long, sides parallel on basal two-thirds,
thence rounded to the constricted apex; disc very coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate, the intervals between the punctures minutely punct-
ulate, the median impression on basal third distinct but rather shallow.
Elytra with sides parallel for four-fifths their length, thence converging
and compressed to the separately subacute tips; disc with rows of large
punctures, separated by almost their own diameters, the sub-basal impres-
sion broad, rather shallow. Under surface of head, pro- and mesosterna
and sides of abdomen densely clothed with long yellowish hairs. Length
7 — 9.3 mm.

Southern half of India mi, scarce; May 23 — July 22. Taken
by sweeping roadside herbage. Kanges from Pennsylvania and
District of Columbia west and south to Kentucky and Florida.
Breeds in the stems of the ragweeds, \m1n'<txi<i trifhln and artc-
fil'Hi L. This is the Hcrobicoll'iH of LeConte nee Boh.

TRIBE XV. CLEOXIXI. 339

508 (8501). Lixrs SCROBICOLLIS Boh., Schb'n., 1836, 84.

Form and size of sylvius. Black, sparsely clothed with gray pubes-
cence which is condensed to form a more or less distinct pale stripe on
sides of thorax and faint ones on elytra, these stripes often discolored by
rust-red pollen-like grains. Beak subcylindrical, much shorter, stouter
and more coarsely punctate than in sylvius. Thorax narrower, scarcely
as wide at base as long, sides parallel from base to apical fourth, thenca
suddenly narrowed and feebly constricted to apex; disc punctate much as
in sylvius, the coarse punctures fewer and more scattered; the basal median
impression less deep. Elytral punctures somewhat coarser and more close-
set; disc with basal impression wider and more shallow. Under surface
less pubescent. Length 6.5 — 9 mm.

Southern third of Indiana, scarce; Kosciusko (1ounty only
in the north ; March 2.~i — July 13. Taken by sweeping in low
moist ground. Ranges from Virginia to Arkansas, Florida and
Texas. Recorded by Pierce 1 1JMIT. 2(51) as breeding in ragweed
in Texas, the eggs being laid in long rows up and down the stalk,
tlic rough scars on the outside denoting their location. The larvie
hollow out the entire stem, within which they hibernate, the
adults emerging in April and May.

The three species, nmri/hmlitx, xi/1rins and scroMcollls, re-
semble each other very closely. The first named may be sepa-
rated by its carinate beak, shorter and broader elytra and less
coarsely punctate thorax ; Ni/Jriiix by its long slender beak, and
by having the thorax more distinctly rounded on sides and more
constricted at apex, and .tcrobicirtlis by its short, stout beak,
narrow and parallel sided thorax with more distinct pubescent
si ripe on its sides. L. ftcrolicolli* was first described by Say as
lutrntliK. which name was preoccupied; then by I'oheman under
its present name, and later by LeConte as Iwsicollis.

509 (— -). Lixus MORULUS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, very sparsely clothed with
evenly distributed short hairs and hair-like scales, the former occurring on
the beak, thorax and under surface, the latter on the elytra; antennae and
tarsi reddish-brown. Beak rather slender, as long as thorax, compressed
at middle, densely and finely reticulate-punctate, strongly carinate from
insertion of antennae to frontal fovea, the latter very small; antennae in-
serted at apical fourth, second joint of funicle slightly longer than first,
equal to the next two. Thorax as long as broad, sides subparallel on basal
third, then gradually and evenly converging to apex; disc very finely and
rather closely punctate, with scattered much coarser punctures intervening
and with a deep impression on basal third. Elytra not wider at base than
thorax and three and a half times as long, humeri absent, sides parallel to
apical fifth, then feebly converging to the separately obtuse tips; disc with
basal median fovea wide, shallow, lateral ones small, indistinct; rows of

3411 SUBFAMILY X. rURCULIOXIX.i:.

punctures rather small, round, separated by nearly twice their diameters;
intervals and entire under surface very minutely and sparsely punctate.
Male with first and second ventral segments widely and deeply impressed
at middle. Length 10 mm. (W. S. B.)

Kosciusko Comity, Intl.. rare: May 20. The long and evenly
cylindrical body, car-mate beak and scale-like vestiture of elytra
easily separate this from other members of the group.

GROUP II.

In this group the second joint of fnnicle is distinctly longer
than the third and fourth combined.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IT.

a. Color black throughout except the antenme.
ft. Elytra constricted at the sides just behind the basal angles.
c. First and second joints of funicle slender, subequal, each as long
as the four following united, female, as the next three, male;
beak very long, in female twice as long as thorax.

510. FIJIBRIOLATUS.

cc. First joint of funicle stouter, half the length of second; beak but
slightly longer than thorax. 511. DECEPTUS.

6&. Elytra not constricted at base.

(I. Humeral angles prominent, the base of elytra wider than thorax.

512. JULICHI.

dd. Humeral angles obsolete, the elytra at base not wider than thorax.

e. Beak very sparsely punctate; scattered punctures of thorax

coarse. 513. xmnui.us.

ee. Beak densely punctate; scattered thoracic punctures fine.

f. Elytra distinctly mottled with small spots of pale pubescence;

beak without smooth median line. 514. FOSSUS.

ff. Elytra not mottled with paler spots; beak with narrow smooth

median line. 515. OBESUI.IS.

aa. Elytra reddish-brown, their tips subacute but not prolonged as in L.

rubellus; thorax more or less impressed throughout its length,

deeply so at base.

g. Thorax sparsely punctate; beak of female shorter than thorax;
punctures of elytral rows rather fine and distant; length 8 — 11
mm. 516. TERMIXALIS.

gg. Thorax densely punctate except near apex; beak of female longer
than thorax; punctures of elytral rows coarse and rather close-set;
length 7.5 — 8.5 mm. 517. SEXUALIS.

510 (8504). Lixrs FIMBRIOLATUS Boh., Schdn., 1836, 42.

Very elongate, cylindrical, slender. Black, shining; above thinly cloth-
ed with fine gray pubescence, which is condensed to form small, indistinct
pale spots on alternate intervals of elytra and a narrow pale stripe along
the sides, more distinct on thorax; under surface more densely pubescent.
Beak very long, slender, curved, finely and sparsely punctate, and with an

TRIBE XV. - CLEONINI. 341

elongate fovea between the insertion of antennae. Thorax at base scarcely as
wide as long, sides almost straight, gradually converging from base to much
narrower apex; disc with sparse, rather coarse punctures, their intervals
alutaceous and minutely roughly punctate; median impression large, deep,
limited to the basal half. Elytra behind the basal constriction slightly wider
than thorax; disc with rows of rather fine, not distant punctures, the
median basal impression wider and much more shallow than that of
thorax. Length 10—18.5 mm.

Lake, Starke, Yermillion and Hamilton counties, Ind., scarce;
June 9 — August 10. Definitely recorded from Illinois, Missouri,
Kansas, Texas, Utah and Colorado. Easily known by ils large
size and elongate, slender first and second joints of funicle.
Webster states (1S92, 339) that it breeds in the stems of the saw-
tooth sunflower, Hcl'Hintliiis (jrossc-scrratit*; Mart., girdling the
stem from within; also in those of the maple-leaved goose-foot,
Chenopodium lu/ltr'ulioit L., the larva? boring down the axis of the
stem. Both sexes usually exceed 14 mm. in length, but an occa-
sional male is found which is much smaller. Usually known as
L. inaccr Lee., but Champion has shown that j'un'bnolatus, pre-
viously described from Mexico, is the same.

511 (- — ) Lixrs DECEPTUS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, cylindrical. Black, above very sparsely clothed with
short gray hairs which are feebly condensed on sides of thorax and elytra;
beneath more thickly pubescent, especially en prosternum and abdomen.
Beak slender, cylindrical, almost glabrous, finely and sparsely punctate;
head very finely alutaceous, punctate like beak, the frontal fovea faint,
elongate. Antennas slender, reddish-brown; second joint of funicle one-
third longer than the next two combined. Thorax as wide at base as long,
sides straight, feebly converging to near apex, which is but slightly con-
stricted behind; disc roughly and unevenly sculptured, the larger punctures
numerous, not coarse, their intervals alutaceous, minutely punctate; med-
ian impression wide, beginning near apex, much deeper at base, its surface
wrinkled or roughly and coarsely punctate. Elytra as wide at base as
thorax, their sides parallel to apical fourth, thence converging to the separ-
ately subacute tips, the sutural notch deep; disc with rows of round, rather
coarse, somewhat distant punctures, the basal impression wide and rather
shallow. Length 10 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Starke County, Ind., rare; June 19. Resembles fiinb
in form, but easily distinguished by differences given in key.
More slender and with much longer second funicular joint than
concurus. The thorax, and especially the concavity of its median
impression, is more roughly sculptured than in any other species
herein described. In both this species and the preceding the
usual basal median impression of each elytron is continued down

.'U2 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.T].

to the side margin, tlius forming the "basal constriction of ely-
tra" mentioned in key.

512 (10,854). Lixus JULICHI Casey, 1891, 208.

Elongate, rather stout; subelliptical. Black, shining; sparsely clothed
throughout with very short, scale-like hairs, which form small scattered
spots on elytra and faint stripes on sides of thorax. Beak cylindrical, feebly
curved, as long as thorax, both it and head rather finely, deeply and sparsely
punctate. Thorax conical, but slightly wider than long; sides straight and
strongly converging from base to apex; disc finely and strongly punctate
with large deep punctures intermixed and with a deep rounded impression
on basal third. Elytra distinctly wider at base than thorax, sides nearly
straight and parallel in basal two-thirds, thence gradually narrowed to the
subacute tips, the sutural notch narrow and deep; disc with rows of rather
small, widely distant punctures. Length 11 mm.

Described from New Jersey, having been brought to Casey's
attention by the late William Jnlirh. Fonnd on Arlington
meadows in April and May; also near Washington, I). C. "A
conspicuous species, recognizable by its prominent and tumid
humeri, conical, deeply impressed thorax and gradually, very
acutely ogival elytral apex." (Cnnci/.)

513 (10,856). Lixrs xmiR'H's Casey, 1891, 210.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Black, strongly shining; sparsely
clothed with short, coarse hairs which, on the elytra, are condensed to
form numerous distinct mottlings and on the sides of both thorax and
elytra an indistinct pale stripe. Beak as long as thorax, sparsely, finely
and deeply punctured, with a narrow, smooth median line, an elongate
puncture between the insertion of the antennae and another between the
eyes. Thorax with sides feebly curved, converging from base to apex;
disc with sparse, deep, and rather coarse punctures, intermixed with more
numerous fine ones, the basal impression small but deep. Elytra with sides
parallel and straight for three-fourths their length, thence converging to
apex, which is broadly and feebly notched; disc with a broad shallow im-
pression on basal third, the rows of punctures coarse, deep and rather
distant. Length 9.3 mm.

Described from a single female from Indiana. Allied to juJicJii
but more narrow and convex, the elytra subequal in width to
thorax, and the basal impression of latter very small.

514 (8492). Lixrs FOSSTS Lee., 1876, 416.

Elongate, elliptical, robust. Black, above very densely clothed with
minute gray scales and short white hairs, the latter usually forming a
regular row or line of small inottlings along each row of elytral punctures;
under surface thickly clothed with longer white hairs; antenna3 reddish-
brown. Beak of male stout, cylindrical, about as long as thorax, finely and
densely punctured; of female, slightly longer, more cylindrical, less pubes-
cent and more finely punctulate. Frontal fovea small, oval; antenna?
stout, first joint of funicle thicker than and two-thirds as long as second,

• >

TUII'.K XV. CLKOXIXI. 34-J

the latter one-fourth longer than third and fourth united. Thorax at base
slightly wider than long, sides suhparallel on basal third, thence strongly
converging to apex; disc with scattered small punctures, their intervals
reticulate with very numerous much smaller ones; basal impression of
male small, strongly sloping downward and very deep at base; of female,
usually shallowly prolonged to middle. Elytra slightly wider behind the
base than thorax, sides parallel to apical third, thence converging to a
separately obtuse apex; cliscal punctures rather coarse and deep, widely
distant, in part concealed by the small tufts of white hairs; basal impres-
sion broad, rather shallow. Length 8.5 — 10 mm.

Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., rare; Feb. 2 — March 27. Taken
from beneath decaying stems of sin art weed and beaten from a
bnnch of Spanish moss. Casey states that there is a large sub-
dennded spot on each elytron near the sntnre and just behind
rhe middle, and a deep inter-antennal fovea on the beak. The
Dunedin specimen has a trace of the spot on one elytron and the
fovea very faint. The Sarasota specimen is of the variety de-
scribed as liirnlenlnx by Casey. Hamilton has shown (181M5, 1S5)
that this is but a slender form of fo^siis, in which the mottlings
of elytra are less distinct and the median impression of thorax
less deep at base and more prolonged forwards. lie states that
it is common in Florida from Jacksonville southward. In typical
specimens of fossils the peculiar placement of small mottlings
along the rows of elytral punctures, and the minute, granular-
like scales of vestiture are different from those of all other Lixi.

515 (10,857). Lixrs OREsrLrs Casey, 1891, 211.

Elliptical, robust, somewhat flattened above. Black, strongly shining,
sparsely clothed with very short scale-like gray hairs, which on the elytra
are condensed to form a few very small and widely scattered spots. Beak
of male stout, feebly curved, slightly flattened, not quite as long as thorax,
rather finely and densely punctate. Thorax conical, nearly one-fourth
wider than long, sides evenly curved and strongly converging from base to
apex; disc rather closely punctulate, with a few larger but not coarse
punctures intermixed, the basal impression large, deep, irregular, not
extending beyond the middle. Elytra scarcely more than twice as long as
wide, at middle one-fourth wider than thorax; sides feebly curved and
slightly divergent from base to beyond middle, then gradually converging
to tips; strial punctures rather fine and distant. Length 10.2 mm.

The single male type was from Florida. "IJelongs to the same
group as fossus. Differs in its more robust form, shorter, sparser,
much more squamiform and inconspicuous vestiture, in the im-
pnnctate line and obsolete inter-antennal fovea of beak, and in
its larger size." (Casey.)

r>44 srr.FAMiLY x. — CURCULIOXIX.K.

516 (8495). Lixrs TKIIMIXALIS Lee., 1876, 157.

Elongate, rather slender. Above reddish-brown, shining, head and
thorax usually darker, sparsely clothed with very short, scale-like gray
hairs and small, widely scattered tufts of longer white ones; beneath
fuscous black, thickly clothed with long, prostrate white hairs; antennae
and legs reddish-brown, femora fuscous. Beak stout, cylindrical, finely and
rather densely punctate; front with a large, deep, elongate fovea. Thorax
about as wide at base as long, sides converging from basal third to apex;
disc, uneven on the sides, median impression beginning near apex,
gradually widened behind, much deeper near base. Elytra with a large, deep
sutural notch at apex, the tips separately subacute. Length 8 — 11.5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana; April 20 — Oct. 24. Frequent
on elm leaves in spring;; mating- thereon May ol. Snake Hill and
Ramsey, X. J. ; West Farms and Bronxville, X. Y., .June and July.
Ranges from Xew England to Iowa and Kansas, south to Florida.
Bred from the stems of smart \veed, Poli/f/oniini jicimxt/lrftniciini
L.. by Forbes.

517 (10,858). Lixrs SKXUALIS Casey, 1891, 212.

Elongate, slender, broader behind. Reddish-brown, very sparsely
clothed with minute gray hairs; beneath darker, the hairs longer. Beak
cylindrical, slightly broadened and flattened near tip, finely and sparsely
punctate and with a more or less distinct but fine median carina. Thorax
about as long as wide at base, sides feebly rounded, disc densely punctate
with small and larger punctures intermixed, the median impression nar-
row in front, wider and gradually deeper behind. Elytra as wide at base
as thorax; sides feebly diverging to apical third, thence strongly converg-1
ing to the separately rounded tips; diecal punctures very large, close-set,
separated by narrow cross-ridges. Length 6.5 — 7.5 mm.

Sarasota, Fla., March 2. Frequent beneath dead stems of
smartweed in bed of a recently dried up pond. Described from
Austin, Texas. The Georgia specimen, mentioned by LeConte
under his description of L. tcrminalis, is probably this species.

Tribe XVI. STERNECHIXT.

This tribe is represented with us by a single genus, sfcrnc-
cJuiK. constituting "Group I) Sternichides" of Lacordaire, and re-
ferred by him to Hylobiides, despite the subconnate larsal claw.
a character common to most of the ("leonini, near which it seems
best placed, according to Champion (Biol., IV, Pt. 4, 11)02, ll.'li.
Some of the species greatly resemble those of the ('"ryptorh.vnchid
genus (']iiiJc<xl<'riiiiin. Our species are small, oval, very convex,
having the beak shorter than thorax, thick, cylindrical : scape
slender, enlarged at apex, reaching- base of beak, first joint of
nmicle but slightly shorter than the next three united; elytra

TIMIiK XVII. - L.KMOSACCIXI. :!4.~>

subovate, acutely prominent at the sides behind the humeri ;
femora not clavate, armed beneath with a small erect' tooth ; tibiae
stout, obliquely truncate and mucronate at tip.

I. STERXECHUS Schon., 1820. (Gr., "breast" + "hairy.")

This genus, sufficiently characterised above, abounds in
Tropical America, as far north as Mexico, Arizona, Florida and
the Antilles. The species are often coated with reddish-ochreous
or whitish waxy secretion as in Lints, Prlonoincrus, etc. Plcr-
•IroiiKHlcx Tasey (180", Si5!)) is a synonym. Two species are known
from the United States, one of which occurs with us.

518 (- -). STEKXECHUS AH M ATI'S Casey, 1895, 831.

Oval, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown to black, shining; an-
tennae reddish-brown, the club darker; above very sparsely clothed with
short, white, inconspicuous hairs; elytra with a few longer ones near
apical declivity and along the intervals. Beak short, stout, three-fourths
as long as thorax, rather coarsely, unevenly and sparsely punctate above.
Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly curved, more convergent
near apex; disc coarsely, deeply and very densely punctate. Elytra one-
fourth wider and not twice as long as thorax, the posthunleral spiniform
prominences strongly developed; disc behind the middle strongly sloping
downward, marked with rows of coarse, deep rounded punctures, the in-
tervals polished. Length 4 — 4.8 mm.

Described by Casey from t\vo specimens from southern Illinois.
Known also from Southern Pines, N. C.. and Sumter ("o., Fla.
Recorded in Schwarz's Florida list as CJialcodmintK s/thiifer
Boh.

Tribe XVII. LJEMOSACCINI.

The large, prominent and widely separated front cox;e, ex-
posed pygidium, lack of a prosternal channel for the beak in re-
pose, feebly truncated hunieri and straight ventral sutures are
the principal characters of this tribe. Beak short, si out, cylin-
drical, its antennal grooves directed toward the lower angles of
the eyes; antenna? inserted near the middle of beak, feebly el-
bowed, funicle T-jointed, the joints gradually merging into the
club; first and second ventral segments equal, each nearly as long
as third and fourth united; legs stout, short; tibi.-e slrongly
hooked at tip; tarsi dilated, the last joint very slender, its claws
very small, simple. One genus represents the tribe.

I. LjEMOSAtvrs Schon., IXiT*. (Or., "throat" -j- "bag." )

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in
the United States by two species, one of which has been briefly
described but not named by Townsend (1 !)((:>, 00). The other is

3-46 Sri'.FAMILY X. - (TKCTLIOXIXJE.

519 (8711). L.EMOSACCUS PLAGIATUS Fab., 1801, II, 485.

Oblong, subcylinclrical, robust. Black, opaque, glabrous; elytra with
a large common red spot which sometimes covers the whole disc leaving
only the narrow margins black. Beak much shorter than thorax, flattened
above, opaque, striate and coarsely punctured, male; subcylindrical, shin-
ing. sparsely and finely punctured, female. Thorax bell-shaped, strongly
convex, sides broadly rounded, much narrowed at apex; disc coarsely and
very densely confluently punctate. Elytra narrower than thorax at middle,
sides parallel, tips separately rounded; disc deeply striate, stria? feebly
punctured; intervals strongly convex, each with a row of minute granules.
Front and middle femora with an acute tooth. Length 3.2 — 4.5 mm.

Not yet known from Indiana. Imt should occur in the southern
counties. Cincinnati, Ohio, i'Diiri/). Throughout New Jersey,
May — August; West Point, X. V., ( Itolinxfin ) . Jacksonville,
Gainesville. Sanford and Ocala, Fla.. March 24 — April 24; beaten
from oak. Ranges from Massachusetts to southern Colorado,
south to Florida and Texas. Occurs on oak, rarely on hickory.
15 red in March from the pills of Ci/ni/>x roni'if/cra on the twigs
of the swam]* or pin-oak, (Jtu'rcitx /Hiliixlrix DuRoi. I />f/r/.<O

Tribe XVIII. BARINI.

To this, one of the most important tribes of the Curculionidse,
belong a large number of small or medium sized species whose
principal distinguishing character is the projecting upwards and
outwards of the epimera of the mesosternum (Fig. 22, c ! so that
they form a sort of wedge or knob, often visible from above, each
side of the body between the base of the thorax and elytra, thus
obliquely truncating the humeri and giving the insects an ap-
pearance different from that of any other tribe of the subfamily.
The liarini are usually compact, robust, elliptical, oval or sub-
rhomboidal weevils of a black (rarely brown i hue, having the
funicle always 7-jointed. the first and usually the second joint
each longer than the third; club annulate; beak variable in form,
not received closely upon the prosternum, its antennal grooves
usually oblique and rapidly descending, sometimes wholly in-
ferior; thorax without postocular lobes, not emarginate beneath
and, in most cases, as wide or almost as wide as elytra; scutel-
ium distinct; pectoral groove usually wanting; front coxje always
more or less separated; legs slender, femora in our genera un-
armed (except in Madurcllnx and I'scmlolmrix I . tibia* with a short
acute internal spur at apex; tarsi with third joint usually bi-
lobed, the claws simple. The beak of the female is nearly always
smoother, more slender, somewhat longer, less punctate and more
strongly curved than in the male.

TRIP. 1C XVIII. BARIN'I. 347

The larva1 live for Hie most part in the stems or roots of plants
and are sometimes very injurious to cultivated forms. They usn-
allv pupate in the burrows which they have formed, constructing
the cocoon of the remnants of the plant fibre. There remains
much to be learned of the habits and food plants of these inter-
esting insects, easy to separate as a tribe from oilier Rhyncho-
phora, but exceedingly difficult to separate into species, unless
food plant information can be accumulated and associated with
each. Other than LeConte & Horn's Rhynchophora of America,
the papers treating of North American species are by

LcContc, J. L. — "Analytical Table of the Species of Baridius
inhabiting the United Stales," in I'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sri., 1868, 361—365.

Case;/, Tlios. L. — "Barini, in Coleopterological Notices, IV,"
in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sri., VI, 1892, 400— (584.

Casey recognized 30 genera, 30 of which are represented in
our territory. Two others since proposed by Linell and Pierce
also occur with us. For convenience of treatment they are pri-
marily divided into two subtribes.

KEY TO SUBTBIBES OF BABINI.

o. Pygidium more or less completely exposed in both sexes and generally
almost vertical. Subtribe I. BABIDKS, p. 347.

act. Pygidium oblique or horizontal, entirely concealed in the female, ex-
cept in Odontocorynus. sometimes with the mere apex exposed in
the male. Subtribe II. CKXTKIM, p. 376.

Subtribe I. BARIDES.

In this subtribe the beak is usually shorter and stouter than
in the next, and the elytra are more broadly and separately
rounded at tips, this resulting in the exposed pygidium.

KEY TO EASTERN GEXERA OF SUBTRIRE UAKIDES.

o. Antennal club shorter, oval or conical, more or less pointed, never
as long as the preceding six joints united; fifth ventral segment
shorter than third and fourth combined, subtruncate; pygidium
usually nearly vertical.
l>. Tarsal claws free and more or less divergent.

e. Second joint of funicle short, not twice as long as wide.
(1. Front coxse not separated by a distance equalling their own

width.

e. Antennal club small, nearly round, subglabrous and polished
at base; form oval or oblong-oval, robust; beak never
longer than thorax. I. BARIS.

348 sri'.FAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

ee. Antennal club finely and densely pubescent throughout; form

slender, elongate, subcylindrical.

f. Base of third elytral interval and sides of last three ventral
segments with spots of white scales. II. PLESIOBAUIS.

ff. Elytra and ventrals without spots. III. STEXOBAKIS.

(Id. Front coxae widely separated, prosternum broacl and flat be-
tween them.

g. All the femora unarmed; upper surface distinctly sculptured.

7i. Elytra roughly sculptured, thinly .clothed with elongate

yellowish scales; prosternum extending but slightly over

the front edge of mesosternum. IV. GLYPTOBARTS.

lilt. Elytra deeply, not roughly punctate, without yellowish

scales; prosternum extending backward over front edge

of mesosternum, truncate behind. V. OXYCHOBAKIS.

gg. Front femora minutely toothed; upper surface smooth;

elytra undulated. VI. MADARELLT s.

cc. Second joint of funicle elongate, mere than twice as long as wide

and fully as long as the next two combined. VII. ACLOBAIUS.

lib. Claws connate at base, nearly parallel or feebly turned outward

toward apex.

i. Front coxa? widely separated; body above almost glabrous.
j. Thorax strongly constricted near tip; femora unarmed.
7,-. Elytra smooth, polished, undulated, feebly sculptured.

VIII. AMPELOGLYPTKK.

l;k. Elytral stride deeply crenato-punctate; intervals narrow, con-
vex; color of our single species pale reddish-brown.

IX. DESMOGLYPTUS.

//. Thorax feebly constricted near tip; femora usually minutely
toothed near apical third; prosternum deeply and narrowly
sulcate. X. PSEUDOBARIS.

ii. Front coxae narrowly separated; body densely clothed with pale
hair-like scales; femora unarmed; prosternum not sulcate;
length 3 — 4.5 mm. XI. TEICHOBAEIS.

o«. Antennal club subcylindrical, densely pubescent, longer than the pre-
ceding six joints united; fifth ventral longer than third and fourth
combined, rounded at tip; pygidium more oblique. XII. ORTHORIS.

I. BARIS Germar, 1824. (Or., "boat.'1)

Medium sized black species having the form oval or oblong-
oval, robust, convex; surface usually shining and almost gla-
brous; head minutely alutaceous, very finely and remotely punc-
tate; beak stout, curved, not longer than thorax, separated from
the head by a shallow impression; antennal club small, nearly
round, its basal joint shining and making up more than one-half
its mass; legs short, tibi.e strongly mucronate at tip and more or
less strongly carinate and grooved along the sides; males nearly
always with a distinct impression ;it middle of abdomen towards
base. Other and more important characters arc given in the
generic key.

rnir.K xvm. — I'.ARIXI. 349

The species of Baris are usually taken in sweeping low moist
meadows, the larva1 breeding in the roots, or the steins near the
roots, of various plants. They channel the roots beneath the bark
and pupate in their burrows. For example, B. ntoii<ir<l:r Pierce
has been bred in Texas from the roots of the lemon bergamot,
3f<jn«nl<i ci.h-io<lor<i Oerv., Tierce having found the larva1 in every
root on June _M». On October 4 these had nearly all become adult,
requiring five months for development from the egg and hiber-
nating as adults in the roots. The genus, as at present limited,
is a very large one, 48 North American species having been rec-
ognized by Tasey, who has compared most of our specimens
with his types. For convenience they are separated into three
groups as follows:

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF BARIS.

o. Scutellum short, wider than long (except in callicla) , broadly and
deeply impressed; front coxa? narrowly separated; tibiae sinuate on
outer side and prominent near apex; impression between head and
beak feeble; body never with bronzed surface lustre.

GROUP A, p. 349.

<tu. Scutellum small, subquadrate or rounded, not broadly impressed;
front coxae more widely separated; tibiae straight; impression be-
tween head and beak usually strong, broadly angulate when viewed
from the side; body often with bronzed surface lustre.
b. Thorax large, distinctly more than one-half as long as elytra, its
median line, viewed from the side, strongly sloping toward apex;
beak very short, one-half to three-fourths as long as thorax.

GROUP B, p. 352.

lil). Thorax short, not more than half the length of elytra, its median
line feebly curved, not strongly sloping toward apex; beak Varia-
ble but usually nearly as long or longer than thorax.

GROUP C, p. 355.
GROUP A.

Species of robust form, :>.!' — ">.8 mm. in length. The males
have the first ventral segment and basal half of second broadly
and deeply impressed.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CROUP A.

«. Scutellum wider than long and impressed.
I). Elytra at least twice as long as thorax.

c. Intervals of elytra strongly elevated and suhequal in width.
(I. Humeral callus prominent, the elytra being abruptly and dis-
tinctly wider than thorax, their sides parallel in basal two-
thirds; abdomen with short, sparse setae. 520. STRIATA.
del. Humeral callus not prominent; body oval, the thorax strongly
narrowed from base. 521. UMBILICATA.

850 srr.FAMiLY x. — rritrr

cc. Intervals flat, feebly elevated, the third wider than the others;
elytra not wider than thorax, the humeral callus very faint.

522. CARBOXARIA.

lib. Elytra distinctly less than twice as long as thorax, their intervals

narrow with single rows of punctures, except second and third,

which are wider and with punctures confused. 523. STREXUA.

act. Scutellum small, rounded, not transverse; punctures of thorax very

coarse, nearly as large as scutellum; second and third intervals

much wider than the others. 524. CALLIDA.

520 (8870). BARIS STRIATA Say, 1831, 17; ibid, I, 281.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining, antennae and tarsi piceous. Beak
robust, strongly curved, a little shorter than thorax, coarsely and sparsely
punctate on sides, more finely above. Thorax one-third wider than long,
sides feebly converging from base to apical fourth, then strongly rounded
and feebly constricted near apex; disc very coarsely and closely punctate.
Elytra more than twice as long as thorax and nearly one-fourth wider at
base; striae wide, deep, punctate; intervals but little wider than striae, each
with a single row of coarse deep punctures. Length 4.8 — 6 mm.

Lake Comity, Intl., scarce; May 24 — July IT. Highlands, X.
('.. June. Kanges from Michigan to Wisconsin and Montana,
southwest to Arkansas and Arizona. Easily known by its large
size, small thorax and narrow, coarsely punctured intervals.
Collected by Pierce on ragxveetl and sneeze weed. Anil>roxi<i />siJ-
ostudiji<i I). C. and Hclciiiinii tciiuifoliiuii Xutt., in Texas.

521 (8869). BARIS UMIMLICATA Lee., 1868, 363.

Oval, strongly convex, robust. Black, shining, antennae and tarsi dark
reddish-brown. Beak feebly curved, three-fourths as long as thorax male,
slightly shorter than thorax, female, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate,
minutely alutaceous. Thorax subconical, sides strongly converging from
base to near apex, then suddenly narrowed and constricted; disc coarsely,
not densely punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax, sides
nearly straight to beyond middle, then broadly curved to tips; striae wide,
deep, remotely punctate at bottom; intervals not wider, each with usually
but a single row of rather coarse, deep, distant punctures. Beneath coarsely
and densely punctate. Length 3.2 — 5.1 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent, much less so in the north-
ern counties; May 4 — Inly 20; taken by sweeping low, moist
meadows. Frequent throughout Xew Jersey in similar meadows.
Occurs over the eastern United States south of Michigan and
Wisconsin, as far west as Colorado and Texas. In two specimens
at hand the punctures are confused on the basal half of the third
and fifth intervals. The punctures of thorax are more widely
separated than in any other member of this group, and their in-
tervals are minulelv alutaceous.

TRIP.E XVIII. I'.AUIXI. 351

522 (— — ). BARIS CARBONARJA sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black, feebly shining; antennae, tibiae and tarsi
piceous. Beak three-fourths as long as thorax, stout, curved, finely and
rather sparsely punctate. Thorax feebly convex, one-third wider than long,
sides sti'aight and subparallel from base to apical third, then strongly
rounded toward apex; disc finely and evenly punctate, the punctures
separated by nearly their own diameters. Elytra oval, scarcely wider than
and twice as long as thorax, sides almost parallel to apical third then
broadly curved to the separately rounded tips; stria? rather narrow, deep;
intervals each with a row of very fine punctures, those of the third and
fifth much confused. Under surface densely and rather finely punctate.
Prosternum rather deeply sulcate, the front coxae separated by less than
their own width. Length 5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Ottawa, <1anada, June 13; collected by P»ro. Germain. A large,
somewhat flattened, intense black species, nnich more finely sculp-
tured than any other of the group.

523 (8868). BARIS STREXUA Lee., 1868, 363.

Oblong-oval, robust, strongly convex. Black, shining, deeply sculp-
tured. Beak short, stout, curved, in female about two-thirds as long as
thorax, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly wider
than long, sides broadly rounded, suddenly narrowed and feebly con-
stricted near apex; disc coarsely and rather densely punctate, and often
with a short, median smooth line. Elytra about one-fifth wider and
slightly less than twice as long as thorax; striae wide, deep; intervals
narrow, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, each puncture bearing a
very short, pale, recurved seta; second and third intervals wider, their
punctures confused. Length 4.5 — 6.2 mm.

One specimen in Stein collection labelled "Indiana." Re-
corded from Illinois, Wisconsin, Montana, Kansas, Texas and
Arizona. Known by its large size and confused punctures of
second and third intervals.

524 (11,084). BAKIS CAI.LIDA Casey, 1892, 481.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Black, shining. Beak feebly curved,
scarcely two-thirds as long as thorax, strongly punctate, its sides with
coarse, elongate punctures. Thorax one-third wider than long, its punc-
tures very large, deep and densely placed. Elytral stria? coarse, deep,
finely punctate; intervals each with a row of coarse, close-set punctures,
the second and third much wider than the others with the punctures
broadly confused, the third nearly twice as wide as the stria?. Length
4 mm.

Taken in various localities in Xew Jersey, May 23 — July.
Staten Island, X. Y., Sept. 18. Known elsewhere only from
Georgia. Resembles B. i<inl)iHc<tt« but the punctures of thorax
are denser and more uneven, and the punctuation of abdomen

•>•"»- SrP.FAMILY X. (TUCr

fine and very sparse; it also differs in its decidedly shorter beak
{•nd smaller, more rounded scutelluin. (Casey.) Larvne, pupa
and freshly emerged adults were found in the base of the stalk
of a species of cocklebur (XantJiimn ) at Tottenville, Staten Is-
land, in September. Pierce has described the work of an allied
species in Xuiitltiuiii coin i mi DC liritt. in Texas. The larva1 feed
in the stem and burrow down toward the root where they pupate ;
in the Staten Island case just below the level of the sandy soil in
which the plant grew. Schwarz also reared a species of Baris
from roots of Xunlliluin.

GROUP B.

To this group as above defined belong- eight of our eastern
species. The males have the first ventral segment feebly and
broadly impressed at middle.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP P-.

a. Punctures of thorax sparsely, sometimes very remotely placed,
ft. Punctures of intervals of elytra fine.
c. Legs black or piceous.

d. Upper surface intense black, not polished; form oval, strongly
convex; larger, 5.8 — 6 mm. 525. SUBOVALIS.

(Id. Upper surface highly polished and with a more or less pro-
nounced bronzed lustre; length not over 4.5 mm.
e. Disc of thorax with a wide but ill-defined elongate median
smooth space; beak of female two-thirds as long as thorax.

526. i.rmucA.

ee. Disc of thorax without smooth space; beak of female not
more than one-half as long as thorax. 527. TUMESCEXS.
cc. Legs red, tarsi black; punctures of thorax large, very sparse,
feebly impressed. 528. XITIDA.

lib. Punctures of intervals coarse, rounded; prosternum distinctly im-
pressed; elytral setae semi-erect and conspicuous; beak of male
one-half as long as thorax. 529. FLORIDEXSIS.

««. Punctures of thorax close-set and even, never separated by more than
their own diameters; those of intervals generally .large and more
or less approximate.

f. Upper surface uniform brown, feebly bronzed; beak strongly punc-
tured; intervals coarsely and rugosely punctate; length 4.2 — 4.5
mm. 530. srn.EXEA.

//. Upper surface black or piceous, never bronzed or brassy; beak finely

punctured.

(j. Alternate intervals of elytra wider, their punctures confused;
surface finely alutaceous; length 3.5 — 4.8 mm.

531. TNTERSTITIALTS.

fi<l. Intervals of equal width, each with a single row of coarse, close-
set punctures, those on the third sometimes slightly confused;
surface not alutaceous; length 3.2 — 3.6 mm. 532. DOLOSA.

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 353

525 (8871). BARIS SUBOVALIS Lee., 1868, 363.

Evenly oval, strongly convex. Black, rather dull, finely alutaceous;
antenme and tarsi piceous. Beak of female stout, three-fourths as long as
thorax, distinctly curved, finely, deeply, not densely punctured. Thorax
large, one-third wider than long; sides straight and converging from base
to apical fourth, then suddenly rounded and narrowed to tip; disc usually
with a narrow, smooth median line, finely, deeply and sparsely punctured.
Elytra not wider than middle of thorax; stria? deep, remotely punctate
at bottom; intervals flat, one-half wider than stria?, each with one or
more irregular rows of fine, deep punctures, those on the third and fifth
confused. Length 5.8 — 6 mm.

Southern Pines, N. 0., April ]!>. Described from Wisconsin.

526 (11,085). BARIS LUBBICA Casey, 1892, 482.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Polished black, lustre quite distinctly
bronzed; legs piceous. Beak of male stout, only half the length of thorax,
feebly curved, finely, sparsely punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than
long; sides feebly converging to apical fourth, then strongly rounded and
narrowed to apex; punctures of disc rather coarse, separated by nearly
three times their own diameters. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax,
sides feebly converging to apical third, then broadly rounded to apex; in-
tervals at least twice as wide as striae, flat, each with a row of small,
rather distant punctures, those of the second, third and fifth more or less
confused; seta? small but distinct, very silvery. Length 3.7 — 4.5 mm.

Ormond, Fla., April 7. Described from Florida, the types
being' in the National Museum collection.

527 (8875). BARIS TUMESCEXS Lee., 1868, 362.

Oblong, convex. Polished black, feebly bronzed; antenna? and legs
piceous-brown. Beak short, finely punctate. Thorax large, one-fourth
wider than long, sides subparallel, strongly rounded and extremely con-
vergent near apex; punctures rather fine, impressed, separated by twice
their own diameters. Elytra but slightly longer than wide; two-thirds
longer than thorax, deeply striate, the grooves crenulate; intervals flat,
scarcely one-half wider than stria?, each with a single row of very small,
deep, distant punctures, the third wider than the others, with confused
punctures. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Ranges from New York to Michigan and Nebraska, south to
Florida and Texas.

528 (8876). BARIS ^ITIDA Lee., 1876, 292.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Polished black, feebly bronzed; legs
red, tarsi piceous. Beak short, stout, curved, finely punctured. Thorax
one-fourth wider than long, gradually narrowed from base for two-thirds
the length, then suddenly narrowed to apex. Elytra scarcely wider than
thorax, humeri prominent, sides rather strongly convergent behind them;
stria? deep, not punctate; intervals about twice as wide as stride, each with
a single row of small, deep, distant punctures. Length 4 — 4.6 mm.

354

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIX.E.

Biscayne Bay and many other localities in eastern Florida;
not rare.

529 (11,087). BARIS FLOBIDEXSIS Casey, 1892, 485.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark piceous-brown, shining; thorax blackish.
Beak short, thick, sparsely punctate. Thorax one-fifth wider than long;
sides subparallel from base to middle, then broadly rounded to apex, the
punctures rather coarse, deep, separated by their own diameters. Elytra
one-third longer than wide, slightly wider at hurneri than thorax; stria?
deep, finely and distantly punctate; intervals less than twice as wide as
striae, the second wider, its punctures confused. Length 4 mm.

Originally described from a single Florida male. "Differs
from transversa (interstitialis) by its much sparser punctuation,
narrower form, piceous elytra and longer elytral setae. (Casey.}

530. (8874). BARIS SUBJENEA Lee., 1868, 361.

Oblong-oval, convex. Uniform dark brown, feebly bronzed, finely
alutaceous. Beak stout, curved, one-half as long as thorax, male, finely
carinate, rather closely and distinctly punctate. Thorax strongly convex,
about as wide as long, sides straight and converging from base to apical
fourth, then strongly rounded and narrowed to apex; disc coarsely, deeply
and rather densely punctate, with faint median smooth line. Elytra
scarcely wider at base than thorax, striae deep, finely punctate; intervals
wide, their punctures very coarse, those of the first, third and fifth some-
what confused. Prosternum coarsely punctured, broadly subsulcate.
Length 4.2 — 4.5 mm.

Throughout New Jersey, not rare; May — July. Recorded from
"Middle States" and District of Columbia. Known also from

Arkansas. The above descrip-
tion is based on the type speci-
men in the Cambridge collec-
tion. LeConte's description is
very short and misleading, the
color being not black but uni-
form dark brown, and the in-
tervals only in part with con-
fused punctures; in fact, in spe-
cimens otherAvise inseparable
they are in one regular row on

01.
sal

Boris interstitialis Say.
and side views. X '"'

Dor-

eadi interval.

531 (8877). BAHIS i vi KKSTITIALTS Say, 1823, 314; ibid. II, 176.

Oblong, robust, convex. Black, alutaceous, antennae and legs dark
reddish-brown. Beak stout, strongly curved, one-half as long as thorax,
very finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax subquadrate, slightly
wider than long, the sides feebly converging to apical fourth, then suddenly

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI. 355

rounded to tip; disc strongly convex, coarsely, very densely punctate, with
often a narrow, smooth median line. Elytra equal in width to thorax,
striffi coarse, deep; intervals alternately wider, with coarse, close punctures,
confused on the wider intervals. Length 3.5—4.8 mm. (Fig. 91.)

Frequent throughout Indiana; June 7 — July 6. Taken from
the flowers of Jersey tea, Ceanotlms americanus L., and other
plants, usually in the vicinity of ponds. Anglesea, N. J., and
West Point, N. Y. ; May 30. Eanges from New England to Colo-
rado, south to Florida and Texas. Varies greatly in size and
sculpture.

Casey united the two species transversa and interstitiaUs of
Say under the former name, whereas, if they are the same, inter-
stitiaUs has priority by seven years. Moreover, Say (1831, 18),
distinctly states that the punctures of interstitiaUs have a "trans-
verse rugulose appearance,'' and again in comparing the two
species says that "in the form of the thorax transversa resembles
interstitiaUs, but the punctures (of thorax) are much larger, the
posterior lobe more rounded, and the punctures of the intervals
are rounded." His original description of interstitiaUs, taken in
connection with his subsequent statements above quoted, leave no
doubt but that the species called trans versa by Casey is Say's
interstitialis as above described by us. What Say's transversa is
we do not know unless it be Casey's callida. The type of carinu-
lata Lee., shows it to be, as pointed out by Casey, only a form of
interstitiaUs with median smooth line of thorax more distinct and
punctures of intervals less confused.

532 (11,093). BARIS UOLOSA Casey, 1892, 490.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Piceous-black, shining, the elytra often
piceous. Beak two-thirds, male, three-fourths, female, as long as thorax,
thick, coarsely and closely punctured on sides. Thorax two-fifths wider
than long, coarsely, closely and deeply punctate, the punctures separated
by one-half to two-thirds their own diameters. Elytra slightly wider at
humeri than thorax, sides subparallel, apex broadly rounded, striae deep,
punctate at bottom. Length 3.2 — 3.6 mm.

Kosciusko Co., Ind., scarce; June 3 — 25. Described from
Indiana, Long Island, N. Y., Pennsylvania and Iowa. "A strongly
and deeply sculptured species, resembling transversa but much
smaller." (Casey.}

GROUP C.

To this group, as defined in the key. belong 17 of our eastern
species of the genus. They are all less than 4.2 mm. in length,
for the most part strongly shining, and the males have the ab-
domen but slightly if at all modified.

356 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJB.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Upper surface rather thickly clothed with pale brown and white
scales. 533. SCOLOPACEA.

aa. Upper surface without scales.

b. Abdomen very densely and rugosely punctured throughout its width;
punctures of thorax coarse and sparse; length 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

534. PUXCTIVENTRIS.
b~b. Abdomen less densely and rugosely punctate, at least toward the

middle.
c. Punctures of elytral intervals larger, their diameters always more

than one-third the width of the narrower intervals.
d. Legs red; color piceous, strongly alutaceous. 535. CAN ADEN sis.
(Id. Legs black or piceous; color black.

e. Thorax with sides broadly sinuate in basal two-thirds, its
disc densely punctured without trace of median line.

536. DEFORMIS.
ee. Sides of thorax not sinuate, disc usually with a narrow,

smooth median line.

f. Thorax longer, one-fourth wider than long, more depressed,

distinctly converging from base to apex. 537. SOCIAT.IS.

//. Thorax short, broad, three-fifths wider than long, feebly

converging from base to apex.

g. Elytral intervals each with a single row of fine, remote
punctures; smaller, 2.8 — 3.4 mm. 538. CONFINIS.

gg. Punctures of intervals somewhat coarser, more close-set,
those of the third confused; larger, 3.4 — 4 mm.

539. SUBSIMILIS.

cc. Punctures of intervals small, their diameters never more than
one-third the width of the intervals; very shining, usually
bronzed or brassy species.

h. Thorax densely punctate, the punctures separated by only one-
half their own diameters; length 3 — 3.5 mm.

i. Body narrowly oval; sides of thorax converging from the base

and broadly and evenly curved. 540. AFERTA.

ii. Body broadly oblong; thorax much wider, its sides abruptly

rounded and converging in front. 541. ABRUPTA.

Mi. Thorax more sparsely punctate, the punctures separated by one

to three times their own diameters.

j. Form narrow, the thorax but slightly wider than long; sur-
face with strong brassy lustre; length 2.5 mm.

542. DISCIPULA.

jj. Form more broadly ovate, thorax distinctly wider than long.
k. Surface with bronzed or brassy lustre.

/. Beak very short, %scarcely two-thirds as long as thorax:
length 2.3—2.9 mm. 543. ;EREA.

77. Beak as long or nearly as long as thorax.

m. Smaller, less than 2.5 mm.; elytral striae very fine;
base of thorax less than three times as wide as head.

544. SCINTILLA XS.

mm. Larger, 3.5 or more mm.; striae coarse; base of thorax
three times as wide as head, or nearly so.

TUIIiK XVIII. BAIUNI. 357

n. Thorax short, transverse, its sides subparallel and
broadly curved; punctures of third interval not
confused. 545. ^ENEOMICA.NS.

nn. Thorax longer, its sides nearly straight and con-
verging from base. (Florida species.)
o. Elytra black, bronzed; punctures of thorax sepa-
rated by their own diameters. 546. HYPERION.
on. Elytra dark reddish-brown, bronzed; punctures
much coarser, separated by twice their own
diameters. 547. VITREOLA.

L'li. Surface highly polished but not bronzed or brassy.

(Florida species.)

p. Legs black; body elongate-oval, black with feeble bluish

lustre; length 3.3 mm. 548. ANCILLA.

pp. Legs dark reddish-brown; elytral intervals very finely

punctate; length 3.3 — 4.1 mm. 549. SPLEJSTDENS.

533 (11,116.) BARIS SCOLOPACEA Germ., 1824, 202.

Elongate-oval, convex. Dark brown to black, above densely but un-
evenly clothed with pale brown and white scales, the latter forming a
spot near base and apex each side of thorax and numerous small spots
on elytra, the most conspicuous one near the suture behind the middle of
each elytron; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak slender, cylindrical,
strongly curved, as long as thorax, almon glabrous, densely punctate.
Thorax scarcely wider at base than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly
' rounded, disc rather coarsely, deeply and densely punctate. Elytra at base
scarcely wider than thorax; striae deep, intervals flat, punctate. Length
3.5 mm.

Staten Island, N. Y. ; July. Watch Hill, K. I.; July 1,3. An
introduced European species; common locally throughout New
Jersey, May to August on ragweed. Known also from 'Long Is-
land, N. Y., and near Philadelphia, Pa. More elongate and slen-
der than our native species, resembling Cylindrocopturus in
general appearance.

534 (11,097.) BARIS PUNCTIVEXTRIS Casey, 1892, 493.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining, legs piceous, an-
tenna? and tarsi paler. Beak rather stout, strongly curved, nearly as long
as thorax, rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Thorax nearly one-half
wider than long; disc without median smooth line, coarsely, deeply punc-
tate, the punctures becoming minute toward apex. Striae of elytra deep,
narrowing from base to apex, feebly punctate; intervals wide, flat, each
with a single row of small punctures. Length 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Described from Indiana without definite locality; also from
Missouri and Louisiana.

535 (— — ). BARIS CANADENSIS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Piceous, thorax darker; legs red, tarsi piceous. Beak
stout, curved, three-fourths as long as thorax, finely and rather densely
punctate. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides almost straight, con-

358 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX^.

verging from base to apex, disc rather finely, evenly and densely punc-
tate. Elytra scarcely wider at baee and nearly twice as long as thorax,
sides parallel to apical third, then broadly rounded to apex; striae fine,
indistinctly punctate; intervals each with a single row of rather large,
shallow punctures. Under surface, except middle of abdomen, coarsely
and densely punctate. Front coxa? narrowly separated. Length 3 mm.
(W. S. #.)

Ottawa, Canada, rare; June 13; collected by Bro. Germain.
Our only eastern species of the group with red legs.

536 (11,100). BARIS DEFORMIS Casey, 1892, 496.

Oblong-oval, somewhat depressed. Black, shining; elytra rarely
feebly bronzed. Beak stout, three-fourths the length of thorax, strongly
curved, finely, not densely punctate. Thorax short, strongly transverse,
one-half wider than long; disc rather finely, very deeply and extremely
densely punctate. Elytra very slightly wider and more than twice as long
as thorax; sides straight, feebly but distinctly converging behind the
humeri; stria? fine, deep; intervals flat, nearly twice as wide as striae,
each with a row of small punctures, the second and third wider, their
punctures confused. Length 3 — 3.7 mm.

Lake and Duhois counties, Ind. ; May 0 — May 29. Edgobrook,
111., July 20 — Aug. 2. Known also from Iowa, Nebraska, Mis-
souri and North Carolina. The short, very broad, densely punc-
tate thorax with sides sinuate make ils identification easy.

537 (11,104). BARIS SOCIALIS Casey, 1892, 499.

Oblong-oval, rather slender. Black, shining, tibiae and tarsi piceous.
Beak stout, feebly, evenly curved, three-fourths as long as thorax, finely
and rather densely punctate. Thorax two-fifths wider than long, sides
slightly but distinctly converging from base to apical fourth, then rounded
and narrowing to apex; disc rather finely, unevenly, not densely punctate.
Elytra twice as long as thorax, and at humeri distinctly wider, sides
thence feebly converging to the broadly rounded apex; striae deep, finely
punctate at bottom; intervals minutely alutaceous, each with a row of
small, somewhat distant punctures, the second and third wider, the punc-
tures of third confused. Length 3.5 — 3.7 mm.

Lake and Starke counties, Ind., rare; May 29. Described
from Missouri and Texas. Known also from Iowa.

538 (8878). BARIS CONFINIS Lee., 1868, 362.

Oblong-oval. Blackish-bronzed, shining. Beak very stout, finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax scarcely wider than long; sides feebly con-
verging to apical fourth, then obliquely narrowed to tip; disc coarsely,
deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the punctures separated by their own
diameters. Elytra oblong, their sides parallel for three-fourths their
length; striae rather wide, deep, punctate; intervals flat, each with a
single row of rather fine distant punctures. Length 2.8 — 3.4 mm.

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 359

Frequent throughout Indiana ; April 12 — May 2H ; beneath
bark of beech on former date. Ocean <1o., X. J., May 28. Ranges
from New England to Town and Kansas, south to Florida and
Texas. Bred from the stems of black beggar-ticks. Bide us fron-
dosa L., by C. M. Weed; collected on a closely allied plant. Cor-
eopsis cardaminefolia D. (1. by Pierce. The intervals are minutely
alutaceons, and the thorax in the type has only a trace of a nar-
row, median smooth line.

539 (11,103). BARIS SUBSIMIMS Casey, 1892, 499.

Oval, rather robust, moderately convex. Black, highly polished and
with a bronzed metallic lustre. Beak about three-fourths as long as
thorax, strongly, not densely punctate. Thorax two-fifths wider than
long; disc as in confinis. the median smooth line very narrow. Elytra
slightly wider and twice as long as thorax, striae rather coarse, feebly
punctate; intervals flat, nearly twice as wide as strife, each with a row
of deep, rather close-set punctures, those of the third and base of fifth
intervals confused. Length 3.4 — 4 mm.

Starke Co., Ind., rare; May 9. Described from Pennsylvania,
Indiana and Missouri. In the Leng and An gel 1 collections from
Greeley, Colorado. ''Resembles a large confinis, but has the punc-
tures of intervals more close-set and the abdomen more densely
and rugosely punctured." (Cnsci/.)

540 (11,105). BARIS APEBTA Casey, 1892, 500.

Narrowly oblong-oval. Thorax black; beak, antennae, elytra and legs
piceous, alutaceous, feebly bronzed. Beak strongly curved, three-fourths
as long as thorax, rather finely, not densely punctured. Antennal club
large, globular. Thorax one-third wider than long, disc very densely,
deeply and rather coarsely punctate, without median smooth line, the
punctures confluent on the sides. Elytra twice as long as thorax, scarcely
wider at base, sides parallel to apical third; striae coarse, deep, finer to-
ward apex; intervals each with a single row of small, remote punctures.
Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake Co., Ind. ; May 21. Described from Dakota.

541 (11,106). BARIS ABRUPTA Casey, 1892, 501.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, highly polished with a pronounced
brassy lustre. Thorax short and broad, three-fourths wider than long.
Elytra large, slightly wider and twice as long as thorax; striae deep, not
coarse; intervals flat, twice as wide as striae, their punctures very fine,
close-set, those on the second and third confused. Length 3.4 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. The unique type is a male
having a large, rather strong impression toward the base of the
abdomen.

300 STBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

542 (11,108). BARIS DISCIPULA Casey, 1892, 503.

Oblong, slender, rather convex. Black, highly polished, legs piceous.
Thorax scarcely one-third wider than long; disc coarsely and deeply
punctate, the punctures separated by less than their own diameters.
Elytra as in ivrea. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from Indiana. Recorded elsewhere only from Dis-
trict of Columbia. Very close to cerea. Casey says it "differs in
its narrower, more parallel form, longer, rather more coarsely
and densely punctured thorax and longer beak.''

543 (8879). BARIS JEREA. Boh., Schon., 1844, 141.

Oblong-ovate, convex. Black, bronzed, strongly shining; legs and
antennae dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, two-thirds as long as thorax,
feebly curved, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Thorax short, one-
third wider than long, sides nearly straight, parallel from base to apical
fifth, then strongly rounded to near apex; disc without median smooth
line, coarsely, deeply and sparsely punctate, the punctures separated by
two to three times their own diameters. Elytra but slightly wider and
not twice as long as thorax; striae fine, deep, faintly punctate; intervals
wide, flat, each with a single row of very minute distant punctures. Length
2.3 — 2.8 mm.

Marshall, Dubois, Clark and Posey counties, Ind., scarce;
April 21 — June 12. Cramer Hill, Manumuskin and Atlantic
City, N. J., Apr. 23 — June. Ranges from New Jersey and Ohio
to Florida and Texas. Collected on aster at Jacksonville, Texas,
by Pierce.

544 (11,109). BARIS SCINTILLAKS Casey, 1892, 504.

Oval, moderately convex. Black, very smooth, highly polished,
strongly bronzed. Beak stout, evenly curved, finely and very sparsely
punctate. Thorax two-fifths wider than long, sides feebly curved to apical
third, then strongly converging and distinctly sinuate to apex; punctures
of disc distinctly finer than in area, separated as there, obsolete near
apex. Elytra slightly more than twice as long as thorax, and at basal
third distinctly wider than the latter; intervals three times as wide as
striae, very minutely and remotely punctate. Length 2.2 mm.

Eustis, Sanford and Sanibel Island, Fla., rare; March 11 —
April 9. Casey's type was from "southern Florida." Our smallest
species of the genus. The most evident characters separating it
from cvrea are the longer beak, more narrowed and almost im-
punctate apical fifth of thorax, its smaller discal punctures and
the still smaller, almost invisible punctures of elytral intervals.

545 (11,110). BARIS ^NEOMICANS Casey, 1892, 505.

Oblong-oval, somewhat depressed. Color of ccrca. Beak stout, strongly
curved, very nearly as long as thorax, finely, deeply and sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax one-half wider than long; disc with narrow but distinct

TRIBE XVIII. I'.AKIXI. 361

smooth median line, its punctures coarse, deep, separated by nearly their
own diameters. Elytra more than twice as long and at humeri slightly
wider than thorax; strias narrow, deep, finely and remotely punctate; in-
tervals flat, twice as wide as stria?, each with a single row of small, dis-
tinct, widely distant punctures. Length 3.5 mm.

Sanford and Dimedin, Fla.; Feb. 11 — Apr. 4. Known hereto-
fore only from the unique type taken in Massachusetts.

54R (11,111). BARIS HYPERION Casey, 1892, 505.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, highly polished, strongly bronzed. Beak
stout, curved, four-fifths as long as thorax, flattened near apex; finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax nearly one-half, wider than long, sides
straight and feebly converging on basal two-thirds, then strongly rounded
but not constricted at apex; disc without smooth median line, its punc-
tures rather coarse, separated by about their own diameters. Elytra as
wide and twice as long as thorax; sides straight, very feebly converging
to apical fourth, then rounding to tips; striae fine, deep, not punctate;
intervals twice as wide as stria?, each with a row of small, shallow, dis-
tant punctures, the second and especially the third much wider, the latter
with punctures somewhat confused. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

Kissimmee and Dimedin, Fla., scarce beneath boards along
borders of ponds; Jan. 10 — Nov. 0. Described from Florida
without definite locality. Distinguished from (rncoinicans by
"its more elongate, more finely punctate thorax, with the sides
much less rounded, and by its relatively shorter beak. (Casey.']

547 (11,112). BARIS VITREOLA Casey, 1892, 506.

The unique type is a male not closely allied to any other species;
black with a strong bronzed lustre, elytra rufo-piceous. Beak almost as
long as thorax. Punctures of thorax coarser and separated by about twice
their own diameters. Elytra] intervals with a single row of fine remote
punctures, the third interval scarcely wider than the others. Length
3.4 mm.

Described from Florida.

548 (11,113). BARIS AWCILLA Casey, 1892, 507.

Oval, rather slender, convex. Black with a feeble bluish lustre,
strongly shining; elytra minutely alutaceous. Beak very stout, curved,
finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long,
sides feebly curved from base to apical third, then evenly rounded and
converging; punctures of disc rather coarse, separated by slightly more
than their own diameters. Second and third elytral intervals wider than
the others, all with a single row of fine, remote punctures. Length
3.3 mm.

Dimedin, Fla., scarce; Feb. IT; also collected by Morrison in
Florida, without definite locality. Aside from its lack of bronzed
lustre it differs from ''con finis by its sparser punctuation and

362 sntFAMir.Y x. — CURCULIONIX.E.

from wrea by its more elongate form, larger size, wider intervals
and finer striae." (Casey.'}

549 (11,114). B.vius SPLEXDENS Casey, 1892, 507.

Oblong-oval, robust, moderately convex. Black, highly polished with-
out bronzed lustre, finely alutaceous. Beak very stout, moderately curved,
two-thirds to three-fourths as long as thorax, finely and rather closely
punctate. Thorax two-fifths wider than long; sides feebly converging
from base for two-thirds the length, then strongly rounded to apex; disc
very finely, sparsely and unevenly punctured. Elytra slightly wider and
not quite twice as long as thorax;* striae coarse, deep, obsoletely punctate;
intervals with a single row of minute remote punctures, the second and
third wider, the latter with punctures confused. Length 3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Ormond, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 14 — April 8. Fre-
quent on the flowers and in the axils of the leaves of the large
yellow or purple flowered thistle, Canluus spinosissimw* Walt.
Fernandina and Crescent City, Fla. ; not rare on a white flower-
ing thistle. (Rrlnrfirz.) This is the species described by LeConte
(1S7G, 293) under the name of iiitcrstitifiJis Say, but as already
shown, that name belongs rightfully to what LeConte and Casey
called traiixrcrxa. Easily known by its large size and fine punc-
tures of thorax and intervals.

II. PLESIOBARIS Casey, 1802. (Gr., "near" -|- Bans.)

Small, subcylindrical species, usually less than 2.5 mm. in
length, having the entire antenna! club finely and densely pubes-
cent; prosternum not sulcate; upper surface with scattered white
scales, especially dense on the sides of the last three ventral seg-
ments, on the meso- and metasternal side pieces and at the base
of the third elytral interval; claws small, free. Those not de-
scribed by Casey were included by LeCoute in the genus Pscndo-
baris.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PLESIOBARIS.

a. Elytra each with a patch of sparsely placed pale scales behind the

middle; body subcylindrical, the elytral humeri not exposed; basal

joint of antennal club large, comprising at least one-half the mass.

l>. Larger, 2.2 — 3 mm. in length; reddish-brown, the elytral suture

blackish. 550. ALBILATA.

&b. Smaller, not over 1.8 mm.

c. Black, legs dark reddish-brown; beak shorter than thorax.

551. T-SIGNUM.

cc. Piceous-black; legs red with knees black. 551-a. var. SICXATIPES.
act. Upper surface and legs wholly black; thorax and elytra not contin-
uous at the sides, the humeri more or less exposed; basal joint of
club short, composing one-third of the mass or less.

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 363

(I. Pale scales of elytra clustered In several small spots on the third

and fifth intervals and also scattered over the sides; those of

thorax arranged in a more or less distinct pattern. 552. JEMULA.

dd. Pale scales condensed only at hase of third interval of elytra;

thorax without pattern of scales. 553. DISJUNCTA.

550 (8892). PLESIOBABIS ALBILATA Lee., 1ST6, 298.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Reddish-brown, shining, the beak, under
surface, knees, suture and sometimes the thorax piceous-black; vei*y
sparsely clothed with minute whitish scales, condensed at base of third
interval, on sides of last three ventral segments and side pieces of meso-
and metasterna. Beak stout, as long as thorax, curved, cylindrical, finely
and closely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides rounded on
apical third; disc coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra not wider at
base than thorax, their sides straight to apical third, then rapidly con-
verging to the obtuse apex; stria? narrow, deep, not punctured; intervals
flat, twice as wide as stria?, each with a row of minute, rather distant
punctures. Under surface coarsely and densely punctate. Length 2.2 —
3.1 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 30. Buena Vista, N. J., on
yellow daisies; possibly a misidentification. Enterprise, Lake
Ashley and Tampa, Fla. ; common on swampy meadows.
(Schivarz.} Not recorded elsewhere. One of the two Indiana
specimens has a distinct smooth median line; in the other it is
wholly wanting. Both have the elytra reddish-brown, the thorax
almost as dark as the under surface and a small patch of white
scales on each elytron at the upper edge of the declivity.

551 (8893). PLESIOBARIS T-SIGNUM Boh., Schn., 1844, 154.

Oblong, subcylindrical, convex. Black, feebly shining; thorax with
scattered pale scales on the sides; elytra with similar scattered scales, a
small white spot behind the middle and an elongate spot at base of third
interval. Beak stout, strongly curved, shorter than thorax, flattened at
tip, finely punctate. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely longer than wide,
sides almost straight, feebly constricted near apex; base profoundly bi-
sinuate, disc densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra scarcely twice
as long and at base not wider than thorax; stria? deep, obsoletely punc-
tate; intervals flat, each with a row of fine but distinct punctures. Length
1.8 mm.

Recorded from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Dis-
trict of Columbia. The above, with the exception of the length,
is a condensed and free translation of the original description of
Boheman. Without his type at hand for comparison, the Coleop-
terists of this country have widely disagreed as to just what in-
sect it refers, and those for which the records above are given
may have been wrongly determined.

364 SritFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

551a (11,118). PLESIOBARIS T-SIGXUM SIGNATIPES, Casey, 1892, 510.

Subcylindrical, convex. Piceous-black, legs slightly paler, more ru-
fous, with the knees black, clothed with minute white scales arranged as
in T-signum from which it "differs in its piceous color, apparently sparser
pronotal punctures and in the form of the base of thorax, which is less
strongly Insinuate than is that of T-signum. as set forth in the description
of the latter. Length 1.8 mm." (Casey.)

Described from Tampa, Florida. From Casey's description
we infer that this is but a small color variety of T-siyiuun and
have so placed it. A comparison of all types will be necessary to
show the correct status of our species of this genus.

552 (11,119). PLESIOBAKIS SIMULA Casey, 1892, 512.

Subcylindrical, strongly convex. Deep black throughout, shining;
thorax with short, broad white scales arranged in a lateral stripe pro-
longed along the basal margin almost to middle, then bent diagonally
forward. Elytra with similar scales forming four small spots on third
interval, and sometimes three spots on fifth interval. Beak stout, about
as long as thorax, strongly curved, finely punctate. Thorax one-third
wider than long, sides parallel and straight on basal three-fourths, then
subangulate and converging to apex; disc without median line, rather
finely and densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and more than twice
as long as thorax, striae fine, deep; intervals flat, third and fifth much
the wider, each with a row of small, rather distant punctures. Length
1.6—1.7 mm.

Schwarz found this species common in Florida on swampy
meadows in company with alhilata. Listed by him under the
name T-signuin. The short basal joint of the antennal club easily
separates this and the next from the preceding species.

553 (11,120). PLESIOBARIS DISJUXCTA Casey, 1892, 513.

Subcylindrical, very slender. Black throughout, sparsely clothed with
very small white seta?, scarcely denser at sides of thorax, scale-like, and
forming a small elongate spot at base of third interval and very dense
beneath on sternal side pieces and sides of last three ventral segments.
Beak slightly longer than thorax, otherwise as in cemula. Thorax one-
fourth wider than long, sides feebly diverging and nearly straight from
base almost to apex; disc rather coarsely, deeply and very densely punc-
tate, with a narrow, ill-defined smooth line on middle third. Elytra at
base abruptly and distinctly wider than thorax; striae fine, coarser near
base; intervals two to three times wider than stria?, each with a row of
fine punctures. Length 1.7 — 2.1 mm.

Casey's types were from Indiana without definite locality;
also from Michigan, Missouri and South Carolina. Known else-
where from Massachusetts, Ohio and District of Columbia. Oc-
curs in swampy meadows. LeConte considered this as Boheman's

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI. .30.5

t-sifi>uiin, but the original description of the latter, as above
given, states that the beak is shorter than thorax, elytra not
wider than base of thorax, with a pale spot behind the middle,
and legs rufo-piceous, all characters widely at variance with the
present species.

III. STENOBARIS Linell, 1897. (Gr., "narrow" -|- Baris.)

Body slender, sparsely clothed with linear scales, not con-
densed into spots; beak not separated from the head, slender,
cylindrical, curved, as long as thorax; antennae inserted before
its middle, club oval, densely pubescent, as long as the preceding
four joints combined, second funicular joint as long as the next
two united; front coxa? large, very narrowly separated; proster-
nuni slightly convex, transversely impressed at the apical mar-
gin; tarsal claws very small, free; pygidium completely exposed,
oblique. "Allied to Plcsio'baris Casey, from which it differs by
the slender form, narrow prosternum, longer second funicular
joint and the vestiture not forming any spots." (LinclL)

554 (- -). STENOBARIS AVICENNIJE Linell, 1897, 52.

Elongate, lanceolate. Bronzed, shining; beak, antenngp and legs red-
dish-brown. Beak nearly smooth, finely punctate on the sides at
base. Antenna? slender, scape not reaching the eye; club piceous, the
basal joint large, composing one-half the mass. Head bronzed, alutaceous,
coarsely but not densely punctate, rugose and scaly between the eyes.
Thorax cylindrical, as long as wide, narrowed but not constricted at apex;
disc very coarsely and densely punctate, each puncture bearing a narrow
yellowish-white scale at the bottom. Elytra at base distinctly broader
than thorax, humeri prominent; sides parallel for four-fifths the length,
then curved to apex; strise fine, coarser at base, subobsoletely punctate;
intervals flat, remotely transversely strigose, each striga with a small
puncture, bearing a long, narrow grayish-white scale. Ventral surface
with scale-bearing punctures, rather dense on the thoracic segments,
sparse on the abdomen. Length 3 mm.

I'unta Gorda, Fla., July 14; on the black mangrove, Avicen-
n'w nitida.

IV. GLYPTOBARIS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "engraved" -j- Baris.)

In Baris the front coxa? are very narrowly separated in uni-
Mlicata, strenua and call-Ida, more widely in the other species,
but never by a distance equalling their owTn width; in Gli/pto~b(iris
they are remote, the prosternum broad and flat between them and
having two small, deep fovea? widely distant in front and con-
nected by a very narrow, deep, abrupt groove. From each fovea

366 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.E.

there extends a fine, deep, curved groove, the two converging and
enclosing a flat, triangular impunctate space. This genus re-
sembles the next two in the remote front coxae.

555 (8900). GLYPTOBARIS RUGICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 297.

Oblong-oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining; above thinly
clothed with large elongate yellowish scales, arranged on the elytra in a
cross-band at base and another behind middle, the two connected by a
stripe of scales each side of suture. Beak rather slender, longer than
thorax, strongly curved, tapering toward tip, coarsely punctured on sides,
more finely above. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides broadly
rounded in front, subparallel near base; disc deeply and coarsely rugose
and usually with a narrow, elevated median smooth line. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax, distinctly narrowed from base to apex; striae
deep, remotely crenulate; intervals flat, each with a row of rather large,
distant punctures. Length 3.6 — 4.3 mm.

Southern half of Indiana, frequent; not taken north of Ma-
rion Co.; May 12 — Sept. 19. Dunellen and Atco, N. J., on milk-
weed. Occurs in marshy meadows. Ranges from New Jersey
and Pennsylvania to Illinois, south to South Carolina. Champion
apparently without valid reason, has changed the name rugicol-
lis to lecontei.

V. OxYrnoBARis Lee., 1876. (Gr., uclaw" -f- Baris.)

Oval, robust, usually densely punctured species having the
second joint of funicle not longer than third, club oval ; beak
longer and more slender than in Burix, strongly curved; proster-
num long, nearly flat, widely separating the front coxa? and with
iwo deep fovea? behind the front margin. Casey recognized 22
species, mostly from the dry regions of Arizona and New Mexico,
only one extending into our fauna.

556 (8896) ONYCIIOBARIS PECTOKOSA Lee., 1876, 295.

Oval, convex, narrowed behind. Black, shining, nearly glabrous
above; antennae and legs piceous. Beak thickened toward base, as long
as thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax strongly convex, one-
half wider than long, sides feebly converging from base to beyond middle
then rounded and narrowed to tip: disc finely and rather densely punc-
tate, more closely and continently so at sides, and with a very narrow
smooth median line. Elytra but one-fourth longer than wide, at base bur
slightly wider than thorax, sides distinctly converging from base to the
rather narrowly rounded apex; stria; deep; alternate intervals slightly
wider, their punctures slightly confused, the others with single rows of
large, close-set, shallow punctures. Length 3.8 — 4 mm.

Guiliord, Conn., Aug. 24. St. Louis, Mo. Described from
Texas. The eastern specimens are more finely sculptured than
those from the southwest.

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI.

367

VI. MADARELLUS Casey, 1892. ( Gr.,

"glossy.")

Here belongs a single medium sized species having the thorax
short, broad, abruptly and strongly con-
stricted at apex; first joint of fnnicle as
long as the next four, club elongate-oval, en-
tirely pubescent; front coxse very remote;
prosternimi very large, flat, with two deep,
more or less coalescent fovese just behind the
front margin and a transverse tumid ridge just
behind the coxre; femora minutely toothed;
third tarsal joint broadly bilobed; claws free,
somewhat divergent.

557 (8907). MADARELLUS u.xnri.ATrs Say, 1823, 315;
ib'd, II. 177.

Oval, somewhat wedge-shaped. Black, highly pol-
ished; thorax often red, very smooth and shining.
Beak slender, nearly one-fourth as long as body in
female, feebly curved, its sides finely and densely
punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, strong-
ly convex, minutely and very sparsely punctate.
Fig. QJ. Dorsal and side Elytra narrower at base than thorax, sides distinctly
views, x 8. (After Felt.) converging from base to apex; striae very narrow,
deep; intervals very finely punctate, those of sides more distinctly and fine-
ly rugose. Length 2.7 — 4.7 mm. (Fig. 92.)

Posey and Monroe counties, Ind.
Throughout New Jersey on wild
grape, poison ivy and Virginia
creeper; August 20 — October. Uto-
pia and Dunedin, Fla., March 4-
28. Ifanges from New England,
Michigan and Kansas south to
Florida and Texas. The three speci-
mens at hand from southern In-
diana and those from Florida have
the thorax red, while one from
Ithaca, N. Y., is wholly black, thus
bearing out LeConte's remarks that
the former variety occurs more com-
monly in southern regions. Easily
known by its smooth surface and
wedge-shaped uudulatory elytra.
Felt (190G, 479) states that it
"bores woodbine in association with

scarce; -June 0 — Tune 9.

Fig. 93. Pupal cell of Madarcllus
nndulatus Say. X 8- (After Felt.)

368 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

Saperda puncticollis Say and transforms to adult in an oval
pupal cell composed of finely comminuted, partly decayed pieces
of bark and wood glued together." (Fig. 93.)

VII. AULOBARIS LeOonte, 1876. (Gr., "cylindrical" -f- Baris.)

Strongly convex, shining species of elliptic- form, having the
beak cylindrical, rather slender, as long or longer than thorax ;
antennae slender, second joint of funicle nearly as long and stout
as the first, fully as long as the next two united, joints 3 — 7
gradually slightly wider; prosternum deeply, broadly silicate;
third elytral interval with a small oblong spot of pale scales at
base; third tarsal joint very wide, deeply bilobed.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF AULOBARTS.

o. Color not wholly black; sides of thorax broadly rounded.
6. Uniform dark reddish-brown; larger 3.3 — 3.7 mm. 558. SCOLOPAX.
l>l>. Head and thorax black, elytra piceous or reddish-brown; smaller,
not over 3 mm. 559. PUSILT.A.

«o. Color wholly black; sides of thorax strongly rounded.

c. Punctures of elytral intervals, fine, transversely rugose; thorax dis-
tinctly constricted near apex, 560. IBIS.
cc. Punctures of intervals coarse, deep, rounded; thorax feebly con-
stricted near apex; prosternal groove produced inwardly near the
co~x.se. 561. NASUTUS.

558 (8901). AVLOBARIS SCOLOPAX Say, 1831, 26; ibid, I, 295.

Oval-elliptic. Dark reddish or chestnut brown; head and under
surface darker, the latter with a small yellowish scale-like hair in each
puncture. Beak longer than head and thorax, finely and rather sparsely
punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, distinctly, not strongly,
constricted near apex, finely and densely punctate, the punctures usually
separated by about one-half their own diameters. Elytra at humeri
one-fourth wider than thorax, thence distinctly converging to the
broadly rounded tips; strias deep, not punctured; intervals each with a
row of shallow, close-set transverse punctures, those of the second and
third intervals broadly confused. Length 3.3 — 3.7 mm.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana, much less so in the
northern counties; July 13 — Sept. 27; swept from thistle. Not-
taken near New York City. Ranges from northern Indiana and
Wisconsin south to District of Columbia, Georgia and Texas.
At Dallas, Texas, on July 3 the ''adults were found feeding on
the buds of Baldwin's iromvccd. }'n-noni<i Ixiltliriiti Torr. and
burrowing in the heads of r<ir<lin<x." (Pierce.} The thoracic
punctures vary considerably in density, and there is often a trace
of a median smooth line.

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI. 309

559 (8891). AULOBARIS PUSILLA Lee., 1868, 363.

Oval, convex. Head and thorax piceous-black, shining, elytra paler;
antennae and legs reddish-brown; upper surface with white setae very
minute; each puncture of the under surface bearing an elongate, recum-
bent, strigose scale. Beak as long as thorax, feebly curved, finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax scarcely wider than long, its punctures small,
deep, dense; those of elytral intervals in single rows feeble, close-set,
transverse. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Lynchburg, Ya., Sept. 0. Described from "Middle States."
Recorded from New York, District of Columbia, North Carolina
and Iowa.

560 (8902). AULOBARIS IRIS Lee., 1868, 365.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, strongly shining, the legs sometimes
reddish-brown. Antennal club small, oval, subequal in length to the
three preceding joints united. Thorax strongly convex, two-fifths wider
than long, finely, rather densely and deeply punctate, rarely with a
narrow smooth median line. Elytra not wider at base than middle of
thorax, sides feebly converging from base to apical fourth, then broadly
rounded to apex; stria? deep, intervals with single uneven rows of small
shallow punctures. Length 3 — 3.6 mm.

Bainbridge and Spring Creek, Ga, ; July 15 — 29. Dunedin,
Baldwin and Enterprise, Fla.; Nov. 9 — Dec. 13. Swept from low
meadows. Known also from Orange Mts., N. •!., and Mississippi.
Taken on thistle by Dury. Specimens in the TT. S. Nat. Museum
from Haw Creek, Fla., are labelled "Pscnclo~bfiris luctuosa Casey."

561 (8903). AULOBARIS NASUTUS Lee., 1868, 364.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Black, feebly shining. Beak rather
slender, strongly curved, as long as head and thorax. Antennal club
equal in length to the preceding five joints united. Thorax conical,
strongly convex, one-third wider than long, disc finely, deeply, not densely
punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than base of thorax; stria? coarse, deep.
Length 2.S— 3.5 mm.

Agricultural College, Miss.; November. (Earned. } Recorded
also from Iowa and Kansas. Renamed naso by LeConte (1876,
289) but his first name, not being preoccupied in the genus in
which it was placed, will have to be reinstated.

VIII. AMPELOGLYPTER Lee., 1876. (Gr., ''vine" + "engraver.")

Small oblong or sub-oval species resembling Madarellus in the
smooth, shining and undulatory surface of elytra, but differing
in the shorter and stouter beak, unarmed front femora and in
having the tarsal claws connate at base. The antennal club is
elongate-oval and pubescent; elytra slightly wider than thorax,

370 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIX.E.

with prominent callus near the declivity; front coxae small, very
widely separated ; prosternuni with a wide, deep abrupt excava-
tion near the front margin. Our three species live on the stems
of grapevines and allied plants, on which the larvae produce gall-
like excrescences.

KEY TO SPECIES OF AMPELOGLYPTEK.

a. Black, tarsi reddish-brown.

&. Sides of thorax parallel in basal two-thirds, suddenly strongly
rounded near tip; elytra not more than twice as long as thorax;
antennas reddish-brown. 562. ATER.

bb. Sides of thorax converging from base to near apex, the latter one-
half as wide as base; elytra nearly two and a half times as long
as thorax; antenna? black or piceous. 563. LONGIPENNIS.

aa. Pale reddish-brown throughout; thorax narrower than in ater, the
sides feebly converging. 564. SESOSTRIS.

562 (8905). AMPELOGLYPTER ATER Lee., 1876, 300.

Oblong, moderately convex. Black, shining, antenna? and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak robust, strongly curved,
slightly longer than thorax in male, finely and
rather sparsely punctate. First joint of funicle
as long as the next three; second as long as
wide. Thorax one-third wider than long, its
apex abruptly and strongly constricted, sub-
tubulate; disc finely and sparsely punctured,
the sides finely rugulose. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax; strise very fine,
deep, not punctate; intervals flat, smooth,
Under surface rather coarsely and very dense-
Fig.%4. X i°. (After Brooks.,- *>" Punctate. Length 2.7—3 mm. (Fig. 94.)

Marshall, Posey and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; May 21 —
June 15. Cape May Court House, N. J., May 20. Ranges from
New England to Michigan and southward. Occurs on Virginia
creeper, Parthcnocissus quinquefolia L., the larvse forming a gall
on the stems. Named Madams anipclopsis by both Walsh (18G9,
105) and Riley (1869, 132) but not described.

563 (11,144). AMPELOGLYPTER LOXGIPEXXIS Casey, 1892, 549.

Resembles ater but larger, sub-oval, with longer elytra. Distinguished
by characters given in key and by having the beak one-half longer than
thorax in female; second joint of funicle distinctly longer than wide;
elytral stria? finely and remotely punctate at bottom. Otherwise as in
ater, with which it is easily confused. Length 3 — 3.3 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Nebraska. Re-
corded also from District of Columbia and South Carolina. The

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI.

371

form of the thorax is quite similar to that of sesostris but it is
much more finely and sparsely punctate.

564 (8904). AMFELOULYPTER SESOSTBIS Lee., 1868, 364.

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Pale reddish-brown throughout,
strongly shining. Beak rather slender, strongly curved near base, one-
half longer than thorax, female, finely striate-punctate. Antennae inserted
just behind the middle; second joint of funicle one-half longer than
third. Thorax feebly narrowed from base to apical third, then broadly
rounded and constricted; disc finely, rather sparsely and unevenly
punctate. Elytra slightly wider and twice as long as thorax, less undula-
tory than in ater; striae fine, not punctate; intervals wide, flat, minutely
alutaceous, their punctures visible but very fine. Under surface except
middle of abdomen, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.7—
3 mm. (Fig. 95.)

Jackson and Posey counties, Ind., scarce. May 11 — May 20.

Beaten from wild grapes. Recorded
from Michigan, Ohio and Illinois.
Riley (1869, 131) called this the
"grape-cane gall curculio," stating that
it preys upon the canes of the Concord
grape, forming in autumn an elongate
knot or swelling just above or below
a joint. The larva inhabits this gall,
pupating within it in June, the adult
emerging in two weeks. He bred a
species of Chalcis fly from the galls,
Fig. 95. x 12. (After Brooks.) an(j suggested as a remedy the cutting
and burning of the infested twigs in winter.

IX. DESMOGLYPTUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "chain" -(- "engraved.")

Closely allied to Psc-udobaris, the prosternum being similarly
deeply and abruptly sulcate throughout its length, but differing
in elytra 1 sculpture from anything else in the tribe. The opaque
surface, deeply impressed and strongly crenulate stride, with nar-
row, convex intervals, together with the unusually prominent sub-
apical umboues, are unique; while the narrow, subcylindrical
form of the body reminds one of Cylindrocopturus.

565 (8906). DESMOGLYPTUS CRENATUS Lee., 1876, 300.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Pale reddish-brown, opaque. Beak curved,
as long as head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctured. Thorax
nearly as long as wide, sides parallel in basal two-thirds, feebly rounded
and strongly constricted near tip; disc coarsely and very densely punc-

372 STP.FAMILV X. CrRCUMOXIX.E.

tured, the sides of constriction with a transverse row of larger punc-
tures. Elytra slightly wider and nearly twice as long as thorax, sides
parallel to apical third, surface broadly impressed behind the base; striae
deep, very coarsely punctured; intervals narrow, strongly convex, third
and ninth carinate and confluent near tip, so as to leave a deep fovea
between their junction and the posterior callosity, which is well marked.
Beneath coarsely, the middle of abdomen more finely, punctate. Length
2.7—3.1 mm.

Described from Maryland and Virginia. Known also from
District of Columbia and Arizona. Occurs on wild grape.

X. PSEUDOBARIS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "false" + Baris.)

Usually narrow, subcylindrical, convex species having the club
of antenna? entirely pubescent; front coxae widely separated;
prosternum deeply and abruptly sulcate along the middle; body
above almost glabrous ; pygidinm large, convex and prominent,
not inflexed beneath and not at all covered by the elytra; tarsal
claws approximate, connate at base.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES Or PSEUDOBARIS.

a. Elytral vestiture generally short and sparse without long white

scales.
&. Elytra With a small white pubescent spot at base of third interval.

c. Thorax coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, without

median smooth line; antenna? and tarsi black. 566. LUCTUOSA.
cc. Thorax coarsely, densely and shallowly punctate, the median
smooth line distinct; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown.

567. SOKKINA.
bb. Elytra without pale basal spot en third interval.

d. Form more broadly oval; punctures of elytral intervals large,

deep, rounded and conspicuous, especially towards base; length
4.3 mm. 568. PECTORALIS.

dd. Form slender, cylindrical; punctures of intervals small, feeble,
remote and transversely rugulose; length 2.6 — 3.3 mm.

569. ANGUSTA.

aa. Elytral vestiture consisting of very small inconspicuous sets', and
long, white, widely scattered scales, the pale spot at base of third
interval distinct; length 2.5 — 3.5 mm. 570. NIGRTNA.

566 (11,145). PSEUDOBARIS LUCTUOSA Casey, 1892, 554.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Black, strongly shining. Beak rather
slender, moderately curved, as long as thorax, finely punctured above,
more coarsely on sides. Thorax short, nearly one-half wider than long,
sides nearly parallel from base to middle, then broadly curved and
narrowed to apex; disc coarsely, very deeply and rather sparsely punc-
tate. Elytra as wide and nearly twice as long as thorax, striae coarse, very
deep, feebly punctate; intervals wide, flat, each with a single row of shal-

TKIBE XVIII. BARINI. 373

low, rather remote, transversely rugose punctures; seise invisible ex-
cept a small spot of white scales at base of third interval. Length
3.5 — 4.2 mm.

Cedar Keys and Lake Ashley, Fla., not rare on swampy
meadows. (Schwartz.) Described by LeConte as Avlobaris an-
tltraciuu Boh. and cited in the Florida list under the same spe-
cific name. Casey pointed out a number of characters in which
it differed from Boheman's description, and redescribed it under
the name given, stating that until Boheman's type was consulted
the status of anthrachia was indeterminable.

567 (- — ). PSEUDOBARIS SOBRIKA Sp. UOV.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, shining, antennae and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak stout, strongly curved, about as long as thorax, male,
as head and thorax, female, sides densely and coarsely reticulate-punc-
tate, above with fine elongate punctures and a median carina on basal
half. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides feebly curved and converging
from base to apical third, then slightly rounded and constricted near
apex, disc sculptured as mentioned in key, the punctures on sides con-
fluent, the median smooth line often abbreviated at each end. Elytra
oval, slightly wider at base than thorax; striae rather fine, deep; intervals
slightly concave, each with a row of coarse, shallow, close-set punctures,
the second wider, with punctures more or less confused, the third with a
distinct spot of white hair-like scales at base; sutural intervals depressed,
thus forming an apparent shallow groove the full length of suture. Punc-
tures of under surface very coarse and dense, those of abdomen finer.
Length 3.9—4.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

•

Marion, Brown and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April 30—
Sept. 21. Wisconsin ; Leng collection. Specimens in the National
Museum collection from near Washington, D. C., are labelled pec-
toralis Lee., but the type of that species differs in having no basal
spots of white scales, thorax broader and more sparsely punctate,
humeral unibone larger and smoother, first sutural interval not
depressed. From nigrina, with which sobrina is doubtless con-
fused in many collections, the latter may be known by its larger
size, much stouter form, lack of scattered white scales and much
more coarsely punctured beak and thorax.

568 (8887). PSEUDOBARIS PECTORALIS Lee., 1876, 420.

Rather broadly oval, subdepressed. Black, strongly alutaceous, sub-
opaque. Beak slender, as long as thorax, male, slightly longer, female,
evenly curved, coarsely punctured on sides, more finely above. Thorax
one-half wider than long; disc with an indistinct smooth median line, its
punctures coarse, deep, unevenly distributed. Elytral striae coarse, deep,
feebly punctate; intervals one-half wider than striae, their coarse punctures
more or less confused, those of fourth interval and sometimes also of
second and sixth, in single rows. Length 4.3 — 4.5 mm.

:')T4 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Described from New Smyrna, Fla. Recorded elsewhere only
from D. C., but this record is erroneous as stated above.

569 (8890). PSEUDOBARIS ANGUSTA Lee., 1868, 363.

Narrowly oval or subcylindrical. Deep black, shining. Tborax about
as long as wide, sides parallel from base to beyond middle, broadly con-
stricted near apex; disc rather coarsely, densely punctate, without median
smooth line. Elytral strias fine, very deep; intervals each with a single
row of small, feeble, distant transverse punctures. Length 2.6 — 3.3 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; June 21. Hopatcoug and Snake Hill,
N. J. ; West Point and Batavia, N. Y. Ranges from New England
and Canada to North Dakota, south to Ohio and Kansas. By the
absence of white scales, as well as by its slender form, this species
is easily separated from nigrina.

570 (8888). PSEUDOBAKIS NIGRINA Say, 1831, 26; ibid. I, 294.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining, antennae and tarsi piceous.
Beak curved, as long as head and thorax, female, stouter and one-fourth
shorter, male, finely and sparsely punctate above, more coarsely on sides.
Thorax one-third wider than long, sides parallel on basal third, thence
broadly curved and converging toward the feebly constricted apex; disc with
a narrow, incomplete median smooth line, deeply and densely punctate, the
punctures rather fine, almost in mutual contact. Elytra scarcely wider
and twice as long as thorax; strias deep; intervals flat, equal, each with
a single row of rather large, close-set punctures. Under surface coarsely
and densely punctate. Length 2.5 — 3.7 mm.

Common throughout Indiana; April 21 — Sept. 24. Swept

from herbage in dam]) meadows. Throughout New Jersey, May

—June, on golden-rod. Ranges over the eastern United States.

XL TRICHOBARIS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "hairy" + Baris.)

Elongate, robust species having the body clothed with pros-
trate, pale scales which are wanting on the head, in several small
areas on the upper surface and in a larger one on the middle of
tlie last two or three ventral segments. They have the antennal
club rather small, oval, entirely pubescent; funicle stout, first
joint longer, the others subequal and gradually wider; front coxre
narrowly separated, the prosternum broadly and feebly impressed
along the middle, nearly as in linris. Legs slender, tibiae clawed
at tip; tarsi with third joint dilated, bilobed, last joint long,
claws approximate, connate at base.

KKY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TRICHOBARIS.

a. Scales of the upper surface slender, not completely concealing the
sculpture; thorax without a smooth median line. 571. TRINOTATA.

TUH'.E XVI 1 1. BAR I X I .

aa. Scales large, broad, moderately dense; thorax with a narrow, cari-
nate median line; basal denuded spots of thorax not distinct.

572. INSOLITA.

571 (8884). TRICHOBARIS TRINOTATA Say, 1831, 17; ibid. I, 280.

Narrowly oblong, robust.

Fig. 96. a, Beetle;
side; c, pupa; d, potato
to show

Black, densely clothed with short, linear
white prostrate scale-like hairs, those of
the disc of thorax pointing toward the
median line; those on its flanks oval,
much broader; base of thorax each side
with a round black spot; scutellum black.
Beak coarsely and densely punctate,
scaly on basal half, glabrous and almost
smooth near apex; stouter, not quite as
long as thorax in male; slender and much
longer, female. Thorax scarcely wider
than long, coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Elytral striae very fine, intervals
each with about three rows of the scale-
like hairs. Length 3 — 4 mm. (Fig. 96.)

Frequent in southern Indiana,
>\tLaikVaopfen°ed much less so in the northern
^fr & c • counties, May 14— June 7. Locally
common throughout New Jer-
sey, sometimes injurious. Ranges from New York, Canada, Mich-
igan and Colorado, south to Florida. "The larva is the 'potato
stalk-borer, which eats out the stalk and prevents the crop ma-
turing. The beetles remain in the stalks all winter, and if the
latter are raked up and burned when the crop is harvested the
beetles are destroyed. The native food is the nettle." ( Smith. }
Chittenden (1902-a), in a full account of the beetle and its life
habits, records it as boring jn the stems of a number of other
members of the potato family (Solanacca-} some of which, as the
jimson-weed, horse-nettle and ground cherry, are noxious weeds;
also in those of the cocklebur, Xnntli'unn caiutdcnsc Mill. He
credits it as being one of the most important insects enemies of
early potatoes in the Central-Western states, calling it the "po-
tato stalk weevil," and also recommends the burning of infested
stalks of potatoes and all other Solanaceous weeds in the vicinity.

572 (11,152). TRICHOBARIS INSOLITA Casey, 1892, 565.

Oblong-oval. Black, densely clothed with large, broad, recumbent,
whitish scales; median parts of third and fourth ventral segments ab-
ruptly glabrous. Thorax short, one-half wider than long, its punctures
large, deep, circular. Length 4.2 mm.

376 srill'A.MILY X. - CURCULIONIN^S.

Described from southern Florida. Recorded by Chittenden
(1902-b, 69) as boring in and injuring tobacco stalks near Quincy.
Pla. ; also by Hamilton (Can. Ent., XXVII, 321) as abundant on
ground cherries (Phyxdlix) near Lake Worth, Fla., April 10.

XII. OirraoRis Lee., 1876.

Elongate-oval, rather slender pubescent species, having the
beak slender, nearly straight, antennae inserted just behind the
middle, female, at apical two-fifths, male; prosternum short, im-
pressed at middle, narrowly prolonged between the coxae which
are almost contiguous. In form and vestiture the species re-
semble those of Orcliestes rather than their allies among the
Barids.

573 (8866). ORTHORIS CROTCHTI Lee., 1876, 286.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Black, subopaque, rather thickly
clothed with grayish prostrate hair-like scales; antennae and tarsi brown.
Beak slightly longer than thorax, male; one-half longer, female. Thorax
conical, as long as wide, sides straight, converging from base to apex;
disc rather finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base
than thorax, sides straight to apical third, the apex broadly rounded;
striae deep; intervals feebly convex, sparsely, finely and confusedly
punctate. Length 3 — 3.7 mm.

Ottawa, Canada; May 4. Described from California. Known
also from Texas and Nebraska. Pierce (1907, 283) records it as
breeding in the pods of Mentzelia mida Pursh. at Clarendon.
Texas, in August, a large number breeding in cadi pod, and being
attacked by several species of hymenopterous parasites.

Subtribe II. CEXTHIM.

The members of this subtribe have the elytra conjointly round-
ed at tip or nearly so, thus covering the pygidium which is nearly
horizontal, or at most somewhat oblique and never vertical ; last
ventral regularly rounded, never truncate or emarginate at tip ;
claws of tibia? less developed than in Subtribe T, sometimes al-
most obsolete; beak and an ten me usually longer and more slender
than there.

KEY TO KASTI- ];X CKXKltA OF SI MMMMi: CKNTHINI.

o. Body without erect bristles (except in Zaglyptus) ; mandibles normal,

their plane of motion horizontal.
I). Tarsal claws two, free and divergent.

c. Mandibles prominent, not crossed near tip when closed.

<1. Mandibles with inner edges devoid of denticles or emargina-
tions; form rhomboidal or broadly oval; surface usually

TKIBE XVIII. BAIUNI. 377

densely scaly.

e. Apex of pygidium entirely hidden; males without sexual

modifications of the antenna?. XIII. CENTRINUS.

ee. Apex of pygidium exposed in both sexes; males with outer
joints of antennal funicle obliquely truncate, and the basal
joint of club with a large glabrous area on the inner side,
at the middle of which there is a tumid or dentiform pro-
cess; scutellum always densely clothed with white pubes-
ence, this sometimes abraded. XIV. ODONTOCORYNUS.

dd. Mandibles with inner edge straight, finely toothed or crenulate.

f. Antennae inserted behind middle of beak.

g. Front coxa? narrowly separated; body densely scaly; form
oblong-oval; smaller, not over 3 mm. XV. CENTRINOPUS.
gg. Front coxa? widely separated; body subglabrous; form
broadly oval; length more than 3.5 mm.

XVI. PACHYBARTS.
ff. Antenna? inserted at or in front of the middle of beak ; front

coxa? narrowly separated.
h. Thorax not tubulate at apex.

i. Form broadly oval; metasternum very short; body above
usually subglabrous. XVII. MICROCHOLTTS.

ii. Form narrowly oval; metasternum longer; body above
densely scaly, the scutellum conspicuously so.

XVIII. NICENTRUS.

hh. Thorax strongly constricted behind apex, the latter tubu-
late. XIX. CENTRINITES.
cc. Mandibles not prominent, thick, curved, crossed when closed,

deeply notched at apex.

;'. Elytral stria? almost obsolete, each terminating at base in a
deep fovea. XX. OOMORPHIDIUS.

'/./• Elytral stria? normal, not foveate at base.

A\ Body without erect bristles; third tarsal joint dilated and

bilobed.

7. Metasternum long, much more than one-half as long as its

episterna; males often with spines before front coxa?;

form narrowly oval. XXI. LIMNOBARIS.

II. Mestasternum shorter, not more than one-half as long as

the met-episterna; prosternum not armed in males, ex-

except occasionally in Idiostethus : form broadly oval.

m. Antennal club small or moderate; vestiture very sparse

but distinct.
n. Thorax not tubulate at apex; prosternum flat.

XXII. OLIGOLOCHUS.

nn. Thorax tubulate; prosternum broadly impressed,

deeply excavated in front. XXIII. IDI-ISTETIICS.

mm. Antennal club very large, nearly as long as 'funicle;

body almost glabrous. XXIV. STETIIOISARIS.

Jfk. Body subglabrous, but with erect bristles; third tarsal joint

slender, not dilated; very small, less than 1.8 mm.

XXV. ZAGI.YPTT'S.

378 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOX I NM-:.

66. Tarsi with claws connate or single.
o. Claws two, connate in basal half.

p. Beak long, slender, antenna? inserted behind its middle; body

subglabrous and with remotely scattered white scales; elytral

stria? fine, coarsely punctate; prosternum flat between the

coxa?. XXVI. ZYGOBARIS.

pp. Beak short, stout, antennae inserted beyond its middle.

q. Prosternum flat; body glabrous with minute hairs in the re-
mote punctures. XXVII. ZYGOBARINTS.
qq. Prosternum sulcate; body scaly.

r. Basal joint of funicle moderate, not longer than the next
three united; elytra with large, remotely scattered white
scales; length less than 2.5 mm. XXVIII. CATAPASTUS.
rr. Basal joint longer than the next four united; elytra with-
out scattered single scales; length more than 3 mm.

XXIX. BARINUS.
oo. Claws single; body very slender, subcylindrical.

XXX. BARILEPTON.
aa. Body with erect bristles, intermixed with the dense covering of

scales; mandibles almost vertical.

.9. Beak one-half to three-fourths the length of the body, very slender;
erect seta? spiniform and conspicuous. XXXI. EUNYSSOBIA.

ss. Beak shorter, but slightly longer than head and thorax, without
basal constriction; erect bristles much shorter.

XXXII. PLOCAMITS.

XIII. CfiXTRixus Schon., 1S20. (Or., "central.")

A large genus of small or medium sized, rhomboidal or rhom-
hoid-oval, more or less scaly species having the mandibles elon-
gate, prominent, not crossed in repose, their inner edges never
toothed; beak usually cylindrical, long and slender; thorax nar-
rowed and more or less constricted in front; elytra wider than
thorax, narrowed toward apex ; femora unarmed ; tarsal claws
free, divergent.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CEXTRIXUS.

o. Male with an erect or oblique process before each of the front coxae;

scape not reaching the eye.
6. Front coxa? narrowly separated; body robust.

c. Beak thick, the antenna? inserted near or beyond its middle, in
male, behind middle, in female; thorax strongly tubulate at
apex; length 4 or more mm.

d. Elytral intervals wide and flat, the alternate ones more densely
clothed with white pubescence, giving them a striped appear-
ance; punctures of thorax very small, dense and tending
to coalesce lengthwise. 574. L.EVIROSTRIS.

dd. Elytral intervals narrower, sprinkled with scattered broad,
oval white scales; punctures of thorax coarse, rather sparse

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 379

and tending to coalesce obliquely; prosternal processes very
feeble elevations of the front margin of coxal cavities.

575. MODESTUS.

cc. Beak very slender, antennae inserted far behind its middle; elytra
evenly and rather densely clothed with pale scales; prosternal
processes of male long, slender, feebly curved horns; smaller,
not over 2.7. mm.

e. Scales of upper surface elongate, slender, usually of a dirty
yellow hue; body robust; basal joint of funicle almost as long
as the next four in the female. 576. PICUMNVS.

ee. Scales of upper surface more broadly oval, white; body smaller
and narrower; basal joint of funicle shorter, about as long as
as the next three in female. 577. ALBOTECTUS.

lib. Front coxa? widely separated; beak rather slender, antennas in-
serted at or behind its middle.
/. Beak long, slender, about one-half the length of body.

a. Upper surface clothed with white and darker scales intermixed;
elytra with two small, subapical dark spots.

578. GRISESCENS.

gg. Upper surface clothed with scales of a uniform color; elytra

without subapical dark spots.

Ji. Surface black, densely clothed with whitish scales; scutel-
lum flat, sparsely scaly; length 3.7 — 4 mm.

579. PERSCILIVUS.
lili. Surface pale brownish-yellow, the scales dirty yellow; legs

pale reddish-brown. 580. CLARESCENS.

//. Beak short, thick, barely as long as head and thorax, cylindrical,
nearly equal in diameter from base to apex; elytra reddish-
brown, thinly clothed with narrow clay-yellow scales, with a
few widely scattered larger white ones; length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

581. PERSCTTUS.
aa. Male without process or other sexual modification of prosternum;

scape almost reaching the eye.

i. Elytra each with two or more spots of dark scales near apex; front
coxse rather widely separated; body densely clothed with dull
yellow scales; antenna? inserted behind the middle of beak in
both sexes. 582. PENICELLUS.

ii. Elytra without dark spots near apex; front coxa? separated by only
one-third their own width; antenna? inserted beyond the middle
of beak. 583. FALSUS.

574 (8921). CENTBINUS. L^EVIROSTRIS Lee., 1876, 309.

Oval, robust, convex. Dark reddish or chestnut brown, shining; an-
tennae, tibiae and tarsi paler; above rather thinly clothed with small,
slender brown and larger elongate-oval pale scales, the latter covering
the sides and middle of basal half of thorax and condensed along the
first, fifth and seventh intervals of elytra; beneath densely clothed with
large white scales. Beak as long as head and thorax curved, tapering,
deeply rugosely punctured and scaly on sides near base, elsewhere nearly
smooth and glabrous; antenna? inserted just behind its middle, male,
at basal third, female. Second joint of funicle one-half as long as first,

380 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

nearly as long as the next two united. Thorax convex, one-fourth wider
than long, narrowed from the base, sides broadly rounded, constricted
near apex, disc punctured as described in key and with a narrow, smooth
median line. Elytra! striae rather fine, not deep, feebly punctate; inter-
vals wide, flat, finely and densely rugosely punctate. Prosternum of male
with a large, deep, oval median excavation in front of coxae and with a long,
curved, pointed horn each side the cavity. Length 4.5- — 6.2 mm.

Lake Co., Incl., scarce; May 24 — June 10. Originally described
from a single male from Missouri. No other record of its occur-
rence can be found. LeConte described the type as black; Casey
gave its color as piceous ; but the type and all the ten specimens
at hand are dark brown, the head alone piceous. Easily known
by the vittate elytra, large size and prominent prosternal modifi-
cations of the male.

Centrinus striatirostris Lee., (1876, 309). Short-oval, very robust;
dark brown, above sparsely clothed with elongate whitish scales ar-
ranged transversely on thorax and condensed each side of scutellum on
elytra; thorax nearly twice as wide as long, obliquely striate; elytra with
coarse, deep, punctate striae and flat, coarsely punctate intervals. Length
4.4 — 4.6 mm. A Texan species, recorded, probably erroneously, by Dury
from Cincinnati, Ohio. He states that the specimen was so named
for him by Dr Horn, but is not now in his cabinent.

575 (8924). CENTRIXUS MODESTUS Boh., Schon., 1836, 772.

Oval, robust, strongly convex. Dark brown or piceous, sparsely
sprinkled with broadly oval white scales and narrower brownish ones
above, and more densely clothed with whitish scales beneath. Beak
nearly half as long as body, rather stout, evenly curved, coarsely punc-
tate and striate on sides, sparsely and finely punctate above. Second
joint of funicle one-half as long as first, slightly longer than third.
Thorax wider than long, strongly constricted near apex; disc with a
narrow median smooth line, punctate as mentioned in key. Elytra
oval, their sides strongly converging from near base; striae deep; in-
tervals coarsely punctate, each puncture enclosing a large white scale.
Prosternum of male with a deep smooth impression near front margin,
the coxal processes as described in key. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Nov. 9. Recorded from "Middle and Western
States" by LeConte; also from Pennsylvania, Ohio and Florida.
"In well preserved specimens a small spot of dense scales is evi-
dent each side of scutellum and another just before each humeral
callus/' (Casey.)

576 (8928). CENTRINUS PICUMXUS Herbst, 1797, 30.

Oval, convex. Dark chestnut brown to black, legs paler; above
densely and uniformly clothed with long, more or less narrow, pale clay-
yellow to whitish scales; those of under surface paler, denser and
much wider. Beak slender, one-half as long as body, tapering, strongly

TIMBK XVIII. - P.Alt I XI. 381

curved, that of male finely striate-punctate; of female finely and densely
punctate on basal third, minutely and sparsely punctate, strongly pol-
ished on outer two-thirds. Antennae inserted far behind the middle; second
joint of funicle one-half longer than third. Thorax conical, one-half
wider than long, narrowed from base, feebly constricted near apex;
disc finely and very densely punctate, its scales arranged obliquely.
Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax, thence gradually narrowed
to the rounded apex; striae deep, punctured; intervals flat, densely punc-
tate, each with two or three rows of scales. Prosternum of male narrow-
ly and very deeply excavated along the middle, with a short, erect, curved
pointed horn before each coxae. Length 2.1 — 2.7 mm.

Very common throughout southern Indiana, not taken north
of Vermillion and Hamilton counties; April 23 — Sept. 24. Beaten
from dogwood blossoms on the former date ; taken from flowers
of white snake-root, Eupa tor unit fic/eratoides L. on the latter.
Common throughout New Jersey, June to August, on flowers.
West Point, N. Y. Ormond, Eustis and Dunedin, Fla. ; Jan. 26 —
Nov. 25. Ranges from New England to Nebraska, south to
Florida and Arizona. Varies in the color of the upper surface,
the elytra sometimes being dull reddish-brown and again shining
black ; also in the color and density of the scales, those of the
black specimens being paler and less dense. Infests the steins of
yellow fox-tail grass, Gluciocliloa glaiica L. and has been taken
on many other plants. (Webster.) Not rare on palmetto blos-
soms in Florida.

577 (11,157). CESTTRINUS AL.BOTECTUS Casey, 1892, 582.

Rather narrowly oval, convex. Black, densely and uniformly clothed
with rather wide white scales, which are but slightly broader and denser
beneath. Beak scarcely longer than head and thorax in male, one-half as
long as body in female. Male with a long, very slender finely acuminate
horn before each coxa, the process being inclined forward and very feebly
curved; also a small, semi-glabrous flattened spot near base of abdomen, in
which the scales become sparse but not erect or divided as in similar spot
of picumnus. Length 1.7 — 2.3 mm.

Anglesea, N. J., July. Sanford, Fla., scarce; Apr.5 — 9. De-
scribed from Florida and Texas. Known also from Mississippi
and District of Columbia. "Distinguished from i>iciunnus by its
broader white scales, shorter beak, smaller size and more slender
form." (Casey.)

578 (11,158). CENTRINUS GRISESCENS Casey. 1892, 583.

Rhomboidal, elliptical, convex. Dull black, densely clothed beneath
with large, wide, yellowish-white scales, above with narrower luteous white
scales, with a few dark brown ones intermingled, the latter more evi-
dent in two more or less distinct spots near apex. Beak strongly cur-

:!S2 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

veu, not quite one-half as long as body; second joint of funicle much
shorter than the next two united. Thorax slightly wider than long,
sides converging and nearly straight in basal two-thirds, then round-
ed to the feeble apical constriction; disc rather coarsely, deeply and
very densely punctate, with a narrow, smooth median line. Elytral
stria? fine, deep; intervals flat, three or four times as wide as strife,
their punctures confused, rather coarse, rugose. Male with a very short,
erect, acuminate horn before each front coxa. Length 3.5 — 4.1 mm.

Marion County, Ind., rare; May 17. Described from Ashe-
ville, N. 0., Ohio, Illinois and Missouri. "Very close to neglect us
Lee. (found in Texas, Louisiana and Kansas) but differs in its
whitish (not dark yellow) vestiture, the broad distinct impres-
sion of the prosternum in both sexes, and the more narrowly sep-
arated front coxae." (Casey.) Closely allied also to pcrscilliis,
and a large series would perhaps show that neglcct-us, griscscens
and pcrscilliis are one species, the last name having priority.

579 (8925). CENTBINUS PERSCILLUS Gyll., Schon., 1836, 762.

Elliptical, robust, feebly flattened above. Black, densely clothed
above and beneath with grayish-white, elongate scales; antennae, tibia?
and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak slender, one-half as long as body,
very strongly and evenly curved, striate and punctate, feebly carinate
on basal half above; antennae inserted at middle, scape reaching two-
thirds the distance to eyes, male: just behind middle, the scape slight-
ly longer, female; second joint of funicle slender, one-half the length of
first. Thorax slightly wider than long, male, one-third wider than long,
female; sides feebly converging from base to apical third, then more
rapidly to apex, which is very feebly constricted; disc finely and densely
punctate, with a very narrow median smooth line. Elytra at humeri
distinctly wider than thorax, thence obviously narrowing to apex;
strias fine, deep; intervals densely granulate-punctate. Male with a
short, obtusely pointed horn before each front coxa. Length 3.7 — 4
mm.

Dunedin and Jacksonville, Fin., Nov. 9. Recorded by Casey
from Kansas and Minnesota; by Ulke from District of Columbia.
The above description is mainly that of a Kansas male identified
by Casey for Mr. Leug, the specimen agreeing in most points with
Gyllenhal's rather indefinite original description.

580 (11,161). CENTRINUS CLABESCEXS Casey, 1892, 586.

Narrowly oval, convex. "Pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the scu-
tellum, head and beak piceous; vestiture of rather large, moderately
elongate, ochreous-yellow scales, rather dense and uniformly distribut-
ed above, very dense and broader beneath. Beak of male nearly one-half
the length of body, strongly, evenly curved, punctured and sparsely
scaly behind the antennae, shining, polished and almost impunctate
elsewhere. Joints 1 and 2 of funicle equal in length, the second much

THIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 383

the more slender, as long as the next two united. Thorax one-halt' wid-
er than long; disc rather coarsely, densely and rugosely punctate and
with a faint smooth median line. Elytral stria? deep, rather fine; in-
tervals densely, confusedly and rugosely punctate. Male with a short,
stout, erect process before each front coxa. Length 2.9 mm." (Casey.)

Described from the District of Columbia.

581 (8929). CENTBIKUS PERSCITUS Herbst, 1797, 28.

Oval, convex. Piceous-brown, the elytra, beak, antennae and legs
rufous; above rather thinly clothed with narrow, dull yellow scales,
denser along sides of thorax; elytra with a few larger and whiter,
Widely scattered scales. First joint of funicle as long as the next
three, second not twice as long as wide; club as long as the five pre-
ceding joints combined. Thorax nearly two-thirds wider than long,
feebly converging and slightly curved on basal two-thirds, then broad-
ly rounded, converging to apex; disc densely not coarsely punctured.
Elytral stria? fine, deep; intervals flat, three to four times wider than
stria?, finely and rugosely punctate. Prosternum of male narrowly,
deeply excavated, with a short, stout, tapering erect process before each
coxa. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Recorded from New Jersey by Casey. Ranges from New Jer-
sey and District of Columbia, west to Nebraska, south to Georgia
and Texas. Bruner (1891, Ifi) records this and the next species
as gnawing small holes in the leaf stems of sugar beets at Lin-
coln, Nebraska.

fig 2 (8918). CENTRINUS PENICELLUS Herbst, 1797, 29.

Oval or subrhomboidal, feebly flattened above. Piceous-black, dense-
ly clothed with narrow, pointed, dull yellowish
scales, thore of thorax arranged transversely,
those of elytra forming two or three nearly regular
rows on each interval; each elytron usually with
three submarginal dark spots on apical two-thirds,
one or two of these sometimes almost or wholly
wanting; beak, antennas, tibia? and tarsi dark red-
dish-brown. Beak slender, compressed, half as long
as body, finely striate-punctate on sides, polished
and almost impunctate above. Antenna? inserted
just beyond basal third; second joint of funicle
97. x 6? slender, nearly as long as the next two, the latter

(After Hunter & Hinds.) equal. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides
feebly converging from base to middle, then broadly rounded to near apex,
which is subtubulate; disc densely and rather coarsely punctate, slight-
ly carinate at middle. Elytra at humeri distinctly wider than thorax,
thence narrowed to the conjointly rounded apex; sculpture hidden by
scales. Length 3.5 — 3.8 mm. (Fig. 97.)

Southern half of Indiana, scarce; not taken north of Hamil-

384 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

ton Co.; June 25 — July 21. Frequent in southern New Jersey,
June — September. Kanges from New York to Iowa and Ne-
braska, south to Florida and Louisiana. In five of the nine spe-
cimens at hand there are three dark spots on each elytron, in
two the hurneri are also dark, while one has a faint trace only of
the subsutural apical spot, all the others being wanting.

583 (8938). CENTRIXUS FALSUS Lee., 1876, 315.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, legs reddish-brown; rather thinly
clothed above with slender yellowish scales, sparse on thorax, closer on
elytra, where they tend to aggregate in a broad line along the middle
of the intervals; beneath more densely clothed with broader whitish
ones. Beak rather stout, cylindrical, as long as head and thorax, dis-
tinctly curved near base, strongly punctured, male, more finely, female;
second joint of funicle one-half as long as first, as long as the next two.
Thorax much wider than long, sides feebly curved in basal two-thirds,
then strongly rounded and slightly constricted near tip; disc finely and
densely punctate, the median smooth line distinct. Blytral stria? fine, deep;
intervals wide, densely punctate, the narrow scales not arranged in
rows. Prosternum with a transverse subapical constriction, and a rather
narrow, deep sulcus along the middle. Length 3.6- — 4 mm.

Described from the "Middle and Southern states." (LeConte.)
Alabama and Iowa. (Casci/.}

XIV. OnoNTocoRYNus Schon., 1844. (Gr., "tooth" + "club.")

Oval or snbrhomboidal robust species, having the antennal
funicle and club of male modified as mentioned in generic key;
basal impression of beak almost obsolete; front cox;p narrowly
separated, the prosternnm usually with a deep transversely oval
pit behind its front margin.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF ODONTOCORYNTS.

o. Beak nearly similar in form in the male and female; body rhomboid-
oval, sparsely scaly, more or less reddish in female, black in male.

584. SCUTELLUM-ALBUM.

act. Beak of male compressed, deeply striate and strongly punctate on
sides, abruptly bent near base; of female, cylindrical, polished, al-
most impunctate and more evenly curved.
&. Punctures of elytral stria? bearing inconspicuous scales.
c. Larger, 5.2 — 0 mm. ; punctures of elytral intervals deep, coarse,
rounded, distinctly defined, each bearing a small white scale.

585. DEXTICORNIS.
cc. Smaller, not over 4.7 mm.; form less robust and more parallel;

punctures of intervals closer and confused.

fl. Scales of elytral intervals small, white, lying within the punc-
tures; antennal club small, oval. 586. SALEBROSUS.
fid. Scales of intervals large, yellowish, almost concealing the

TIJIBK XVIII. BARINI. 385

punctures; club large, robust, as long as the five preceding

joints combined. 587. PINGUESCKXS.

1)1). Punctures of elytral striae with broad, distinct scales; length 4.5—

5 mm. 588. Pl'LVKIU'LEXTUS.

584 (8917). ODOXTOCORYNUS SCUTELT.I'M-ALRUM Say, 1831, 21; ibid, I. 287.

Subrhomboidal, convex, robust. Male black, antennas and tarsi red-
dish-brown; female with a more or less reddish tinge; above sparsely
clothed with small, narrow white scales; those of under surface and
scutellum broader and more dense. Beak slightly curved, strongly so
near base, one-half as long as body, the sides somewhat flattened and
coarsely striate-punctate. Antenna? inserted near apical third; second
joint of funicle nearly as long as the next three. Thorax wider than
long, sides broadly rounded, disc very feebly constricted near tip, finely,
deeply and densely punctate. Elytra distinctly wider and three-fourths
longer than thorax; stria? coarse, deep; intervals very coarsely, rugosely
punctate, each puncture bearing a small scale. Prosternum with a large,
transverse excavation just behind the apex; basal joint of club of male
with a large glabrous polished area on inner side which bears an erect
acute process; female with thorax shorter, its punctures larger and spar-
ser, the antennal club simple. Length 3 — 4.7 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana ; June 12 — Aug. 17. Common
throughout New Jersey, July, on daisies; also on Houston-id.
MeUlotus. Rudbeclda, Hd'tan'tli-its, etc. Ranges from New Eng-
land to Colorado, south to Florida and Texas.

585 (11,166). ODONTOCORYNUS DENTICORNIS Casey, 1892, 597.

Oblong, subrhomboidal, very robust. Black, shining; thorax sparse-
ly clothed with very small, slender white scales, denser toward the
sides and on the base; elytra with similar broader scales, each lying
within the deep, rounded punctures of the intervals; under surface dense-
ly clothed with much larger white scales; antenna1, tibia? and tarsi
dark reddish-brown. Beak as described in key; antenna? inserted near
its apical third, scape bent and club-shaped near apex; second joint of
funicle three-fourth as long as first, one-half longer than third. Thorax
large, convex, sides strongly rounded, disc with deep, rounded, very
close-set punctures and a faint median smooth line. Elytra distinctly
wider and about two-thirds longer than thorax, sides strongly converg-
ing from the large, prominent humeri; stria? coarse, deep, punctate.
Male with basal joint of club as in scutcHum-album. its smooth space
obtusely dentate. Length 5.3 — 6 mm.

Occurs throughout northern and western IiKiiana, but scarce;
june s — Oct. 1. Beverly Heights, 111., June lf>. Described from
North Carolina and Kansas. Taken in numbers by Pierce (1007,
284) on flowers of Ru(U>ecl;l<i Jiirta L. and 8aturc'ni liortcns-is
L. at Logansport, La., in June; also on Ycrbcsina, AcJiillca.
Soli-dago and Knliuistcra in Texas and Oklahoma. Resembles
scutellum-albu-m, with which it is doubtless confused in many

386 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

collections. Aside from the differences given in the key, it is
distinguished by the thorax being more convex, with sides more
rounded, its punctures, as well as those of intervals, deeper and
rounder, their sides less polygonal ; under surface more densely
scaly, size larger and both sexes shining black.

586 (11,167). ODOXTOCORYXTTS SALEBROSUS Casey, 1892, 598.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, dull; legs and antennae more or less
reddish-brown; vestiture above variable, consisting of either slender
sparse, scale-like hairs, or robust, oval, conspicuous whitish scales; those
of under surface broad and very dense. Beak and antenna? much as in
denticornis. Thorax less convex, sides nearly parallel on basal two-
thirds, then broadly rounded and converging to apex; disc densely and
finely punctate. Elytral striae deep, rather coarse; intervals with con-
fused coarse punctures. Basal joint of club of male as in denticornis.
Length 2.9—4.7 mm.

Throughout Indiana, but scarce; June 3 — July 15. Orange,
X. J., April. Dunedin, Fla., Apr. 4 — Dec. 3 ; swept from huckle-
berry. Ranges from New York to Colorado, south to Florida and
Texas. Collected on Aster, Apr. 28 in Louisiana; on Aselepias.
May 25, and on AcliUlca Jatuilosa Nutt, May 24, in Texas and
Oklahoma. (Pierce.} Closely allied except in size to (lei)tieornix.
and will probably prove to be but a dwarf variety of that species.
Casey in his description states that the disc of thorax is "devoid
of impunctate line,'' but a specimen determined by him in the
Leng collection shows such a line very distinctly.

586 (11,167). OnoxTocoRYNUS SALEBROSUS Casey, 1892, 598.

Oblong, oval, robust. Dull black, antenna?, tibia? and tarsi reddish-
brown; above and beneath thickly clothed with large oblong-oval yellow-
ish scales, those on the intervals arranged in two or three irregular
rows and nearly concealing the sculpture. Beak slightly longer than head
and thorax, deeply, coarsely and rugosely punctate, male; one-third longer,
more strongly curved, finely and sparsely punctate, female. Thorax two-
thirds wider than long, sides broadly rounded, feebly constricted near
apex; disc finely and very densely punctate, each puncture bearing a
narrow yellowish prostrate scale. Elytra oblong, slightly wider and two-
thirds longer than thorax; sides distinctly converging from base to near
apex; stria? coarse, deep; intervals flat, twice as wide as the grooves, coarse-
ly and rugosely punctate. Length 3.8 — 4.3 mm.

Brown, Orange and Harrison counties, Ind., scarce; June 11
21. Described from Arkansas. The large yellowish scales and
long robust club easily separate this species from sale-brosns.
588 (11,169). OnoxTocoRYxrs IUT/VERULENTUS Casey, 1892, 600.

Oval, subrhomboidal, convex. Black, antennal funicle gradually
reddish toward apex; scales of upper surface whitish, sparse, closer

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 387

along apical margin of thorax; those of elytra larger, elongate-oval,
each lying within a large oval puncture. Beak nearly as long as ely-
tra in female, antennse inserted beyond its middle, second joint of
funicle two-thirds as long as first, slightly shorter than the next two.
Thorax one-half wider than long, sides broadly, nearly evenly curved
from base to apex, disc rather coarsely, deeply and densely punctate.
Elytra wider and about twice as long as thorax; stria? coarse; intervals
flat, coarsely punctate. Prosternum with a deep, transverse oval pit
just behind the apical margin in both sexes; basal joint of club in
male with a short, acute, erect tooth. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Described from North Carolina, Colorado and Texas. Col-
lected on Rndhcclila in May, and on Anof/ra pallida Lindl. in
April, in Texas. (Pierce.}

XV. CENTRINOPUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., Centrums + "legs.")

Small oblong-oval, densely scaly species having the inner edge
of mandibles straight, distinctly notched near apex; beak slightly
longer than head and thorax, very slender, strongly curved ; an-
tenna? inserted near its basal third, scape short, reaching almost
to eye, first joint of fnnicle as long as the next three, second but
slightly longer than third, club oval, pointed, its basal joint un-
usually large; prosternum of female deeply channeled along the
middle, that of male with a still deeper elongate-oval excavation
and a short, abruptly bent horn before each coxa; scutellmn
very small, densely scaly; pygidium completely covered in both
sexes.

589 (11,170). CENTRINOPUS HELVIKUS Casey, 1892, 602.

Oblong-oval, convex. Head, thorax, under surface and often the
femora piceous; elytra reddish-brown; antennse, tibia? and tarsi paler;
above rather densely clothed with clay-yellow hair-like scales, those of
thorax arranged transversely, and on sides and median line condensed
to form narrow stripes; those of elytra somewhat broader and more
dense along the third, fifth and seventh intervals; under surface very
densely clothed with larger, oval white scales. Beak shining, almost
impunctate above, finely striate and rather coarsely punctate on sides.
Thorax one-third wider than long, sides nearly straight and feebly con-
verging from base to apical third, then broadly rounded and more strongly
converging to apex; disc densely, rather coarsely punctate. Elytra at
humeri about one-fifth wider than thorax, thence gradually narrowing
to the rounded apex; striae fine, rather deep; intervals flat, the alter-
nate ones slightly wider, and with three instead of one or two irregular
rows of scales. Length 2 — 2.7 mm.

Starke, Perry and Posey counties, Indiana, scarce; May 23—
Aug. 23. Swept from low, moist meadows. Six specimens in
Leng (formerly Julich) collection labelled "Indiana" and "Casey."

388 SUP.FAMILY x. — CURCULIONIX^.

without more definite locality, but probably part of Casey's co-
t^pes, of which more than one hundred specimens came from In-
diana and Illinois. Known also from Iowa and southwestern
Pennsylvania, where it was taken by Hamilton on joe-pye weed,
Eupatorium purpureum L. Casey gives the color as "dark
piceous," but the elytra in all specimens at hand are distinctly
reddish, some of them with a narrow, piceous sutural line.

Centrinopus alternatus Casey, (1892, 602) differs only in having the
pale scales of thorax more condensed on sides and median line, with
the intervening scales slightly darker, the three vittse, therefore more
distinct; those on elytral intervals 3, 5, and 7 also more dense, giving
the elytra a distinctly striped appearance. The Maryland specimen
mentioned by Casey as being in the Julich collection is at hand, and
there is no appreciable difference between it and helvinus except that of
the distribution of pubescence. We therefore regard it as only a nominal
variety of the latter.

XVI. PACHYBARIS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "thick" + Baris.)

Short, robust, almost glabrous species having the beak slender,
strongly curved, as long as head and thorax, female, striate. the
punctures above arranged in rows ; antenna? inserted far behind
its middle, their grooves beginning near tip of beak, running
obliquely downward and almost confluent on the under side;
scutellum flat, almost circular; prosternum flat, broad between
the coxa? with two deep foveaB connected in front by a groove.

590 (8909). PACHYBARIS POROSA Lee., 1876, 302.

Broadly oval, robust, convex. Black, polished; beak, legs and an-
tennse dark reddish-brown. First joint of funicle as long as the next
four united. Thorax short, two-thirds wider than long, sides parallel on
basal third, then broadly rounded and feebly constricted to apex; disc
very convex, finely alutaceous, coarsely, deeply and rather sparsely
punctate. Elytra about as long as wide, scarcely wider and three-fourths
longer than thorax, narrowing from the rather prominent humeri to
apex; striae wide, deep, feebly punctate; intervals flat, each with a row
of large, close-set punctures, bearing very short, prostrate brownish
hairs. Under surface coarsely punctate, each puncture with a similar
whitish hair. Length 3.6 — 4 mm.

Ormond, Fla., April 2 — 0. "Xew Smyrna, Enterprise and Bis-
cayne Bay, Fla., on palmetto blossoms." (Sclnvarz.}

XVII. MICROCHOLUS Lee., 1870.

Broadly oval, robust species having the beak as long as thorax,
curved, cylindrical, not striate; antennae inserted two-fifths from
apex, first joint of funicle as long as the next three or four, sec-

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI. 389

ond slender, longer than third ; thorax strongly narrowed in front,
constricted but not tubulate near apex, its flanks concave so as
to cause the lateral edge to appear Avell defined, the base trun-
cate; elytra not Avider than thorax, distinctly narrowed behind,
their disc very convex; tarsal claws small, divergent.

KEY TO SPECIES OF MICROCIIOIAJS.

a. Beak minutely and sparsely punctate, its apex flattened; scutellum
rather large, elongate-oval; upper surface nearly glabrous.

591. STRIATUS.

00. Beak distinctly punctate, not flattened at tip; scutellum minute, tri-
angular; upper surface rather densely but unevenly scaly.

592. PUNCTICOLLIS.

591 (8912). MICROCHOLTJS STRIATUS Lee., 1876, 304.

Broadly oblong-oval, convex. Black, thorax polished, elytra feebly
alutaceous; legs reddish-brown; thorax with a small cluster of large
white scales each side of base and a few before scutellum; elytra with
widely scattered similar scales and a small group at base of third in-
terval: under surface sparsely, the legs, sides of meso- and metasterna
and last three ventral segments more densely, clothed with similar
scales. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides broadly curved from base
to the feebly constricted apex: disc very finely, shallowly and very
sparsely punctate. Elytra about as long as wide; striae rather fine,
deep, not punctate; intervals wide, each with a single row of very
fine, distant punctures. Tarsal claws short, very stout. Length 4.5
mm.

Lakehurst, N. J., Apr. 26. Punta Gorda, Fla., Nov. 16. Here-
tofore known only from the single type taken at Lake Harney,
Fla., May 4.

592 (8913). MICROCHOLUS PUXCTICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 304.

Body and antennae black, shining; legs reddish-brown; under surface,
legs and elytra covered rather densely with large, oval white scales,
a little closer on third and fifth intervals toward base; thorax more
sparsely clothed with elongate scales, except a wide stripe on sides, which
is more densely scaly. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, sides broadly
rounded, the apex scarcely one-half as wide as base; disc rather finely
punctured, more densely on sides and with a broad, smooth median line.
Elytra not quite as wide at base, and twice as long as thorax; striae
fine, in some places indistinct, remotely punctate; intervals broad,
sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Length 3.4 — 3.8 mm.

Taken in numbers by Hubbard & Schwarz at Lake Ashley,
Enterprise and Baldwin, Fla., on marshy meadows; June 10.
As the thorax is wider than elytra and the latter very convex and
strongly narrowed behind, the insect has a striking and peculiar
appearance.

390 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

XYITI. NICENTRUS Casey, 1892. (Anagram of Centrinus.)

Small, rather narrow, oblong-oval or subcylindrical, convex
species, having the beak generally thick, rather short; antenna
inserted about its middle in female, slightly beyond in male;
mandibles with inner edge straight, finely toothed; front coxa?
narrowly separated; prosternnm unarmed in male.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF NICENTRUS.

a. Prosternum flat or nearly so; length less than 4 mm.
It. Front coxa? separated by less than half their own width; beak rather
stout, not tapering, never longer than head and thorax; second
joint of funicle not longer than the next two united.
c. Scales of thorax abruptly denser and conspicuous at sides.

(1. Punctures of thorax contiguous and more or less coalescent
lengthwise; scales of elytra in a single even row on each in-
terval. 593. LINEICOIXIS.
(Id. Punctures of thorax rather widely separated ; scales on third
and fifth intervals of elytra broadly confused.

594. INGENUUS.
cc. Scales of thorax evenly distributed, but slightly more dense at

sides.

e. Larger, 2.8 — 3.7 mm.; punctures and scales of inner elytral in-
tervals confused. 595. DECIPIENS.
ee. Smaller, not over 2.2 mm.; intervals each with a single row of
punctures and scales. 596. EFFETUS.
Itl). Front coxse separated by more than half their width; beak one-half
the length of body, more slender and almost impunctate; second
joint of funicle as long as the next three. 597. CONTRACTUS.
aa. Prosternum with a narrow and deep but scaly longitudinal groove;
beak very stout, especially toward base in male; larger, 3.7 — 5 mm.
/. Black or piceous, legs paler; surface rather densely clothed with
grayish scales. 598. CANUS.
//. Reddish-brown throughout; surface almost glabrous.

599. NEGLECTUS.

593 (8933). NICENTRUS LINEICOLLIS Boh., Schon., 1844, 221.

Narrowly oblong, subparallel, convex. Black, rather dull; antenna?,
tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-brown; thorax with slender whitish scales, ar-
ranged transversely near the sides and along a narrow median line;
those of elytra disposed in a nearly even single line along each inter-
val; scales beneath broadly oval and dense, except towards the sides of
thorax. Beak as long as thorax, its sides striate and sparsely punc-
tured. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides parallel from base to mid-
dle, then converging to apex; disc finely and densely punctate, feebly
constricted near apex. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, sides
parallel to apical fourth, then broadly rounded to apex; stria? deep,
finely punctate; intervals coarsely, rugosely punctate, each puncture
bearing a scale. Length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

TR1LSE XVIII. BAKINI. 31)1

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so in the northern coun-
ties; swept from Jersey-tea, f'cfinntJuis anicricanns L. ; June 24
—Aug. S. Locally throughout New Jersey, occasionally common.
Ranges from New England to Illinois, south to South Carolina
and Texas.

594 (11,173). NICEXTRVS INGEMTS Casey, 1892, 610.

Oblong-oval, black and somewhat shining throughout, the legs with
a feeble rufo-piceous tinge; vestiture consisting of pale yellowish scales,
broad and dense beneath, elongate and narrower on the elytra, where they
are arranged in one or two rows on the intervals, the lines of the third
and fifth wider; on the thorax they are small and dark, except in
lateral fifth or sixth, where they become yellowish and conspicuous.
Beak not quite as long as head and thorax, abruptly bent near base,
strongly curved near apex. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides
broadly and feebly curved from base nearly to apex; disc with deep,
rather large punctures, and a narrow smooth median line. Elytra
slightly wider and about four-fifths longer than thorax; strin? coarse,
deep; intervals closely, rather coarsely and confusedly punctured. Length
3.8—4 mm.

Described from Illinois, Iowa and Texas.

595 (8932). NICEXTRUS DECIPIEXS Lee., 1876, 313.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining, legs reddish-brown; thorax
with white, sparse, slender scales, somewhat broader and denser towards
the sides; those of elytra large, elongate-oval, unevenly arranged in
one or two rows on the inner intervals, in single rows on the outer ones;
under surface densely clothed with oval pale scales. Beak evenly curved,
a.: long as thorax, male, slightly longer and more slender, female, sides
densely, rugosely punctured. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
feebly curved from base to apical third, then broadly rounded and conver-
ging to apex; disc densely, rather coarsely punctate. Elytra slightly
wider and four-fifths longer than thorax, deeply striate; intervals finely
and subrugosely punctate. Length 2.8 — 3.7 mm.

Haw Creek, Fla., June 10. Recorded also from Cedar Keys,
Fla., southwestern Pennsylvania, Kansas and Texas. Resembles
Centrums picitnuuifi but more slender and parallel.

596 (11,175). NICEXTRUS EFFETUS Casey, 1892, 613.

Allied to decipiens. Differs by characters given in key and by hav-
ing elytra twice as long as thorax, the scales in single even rows on
the intervals; punctures of thorax small and distinctly separated; front
coxse more widely separated. Length 2.2 mm.

Described from a single female from Haw Creek, Fla.

392 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

597 (11,176). NICENTRUS CONTRACTUS Casey, 1892, 613.

Differs from the two preceding in its shorter and broader body,
longer polished and almost impunctate beak, longer second funicular
joint and more widely distant front coxa?. The white scales are very
fine, sparse and uniformly distributed over the thorax, broader, denser
and widely confused on all the elytral intervals, and very broad and
dense beneath. Elytral intervals all deeply, densely and confusedly
punctate. Length 3.2 mm.

Also described from a single Florida female.

598 (8939). NICENTRUS CANUS Lee., 1876, 421.

Elongate-oblong, convex. Black, feebly shining; beak, antennae
and elytra reddish-piceous; legs paler reddish-brown; upper surface clothed
with oblong whitish scales, moderately densely and evenly distributed,
those beneath much broader and very dense. Beak as long as head
and thorax, antennae inserted at middle, female; shorter, antennae inserted
at apical two-fifths, male; stout, cylindrical, striate, coarsely and sparsely
punctate on sides, more finely above. Second joint of fuuicle as long as
the next two. Thorax convex, one-third wider than long, sides feebly
curved from base to beyond middle, then strongly rounded to apex;
disc strongly convex, rather finely and closely punctate and with a
narrow, smooth dorsal line. Elytra feebly flattened, slightly wider at
humeri than thorax, sides feebly converging; striae fine, deep; intervals
flat, finely, rugosely punctate. Length 3.7 — 5 mm.

St. Augustine, Enterprise and Haw Creek, Fla. ; Tybee Reach,
Ga,, June 20. Taken by Townsend (100.°,, 98) on Almtiloii Itolo-
sericium Scheele at Santo Tomas, Texas, June 6.

599 (— — ). NiCENTRi's XEGLECTUS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, robust. Nearly uniform reddish-brown, shining, ab-
domen tinged with fuscous; above almost glabrous; flanks of thorax
and middle of abdomen rather thickly clothed with large, oblong, sil-
very white scales. Beak of male rather stout, as long as thorax, striate
and densely punctate on sides, finely and sparsely punctate above.
Second joint of funicle nearly as long as the next three. Thorax as
long as wide, sides almost straight from base to apical fourth, then
slightly rounded to the feebly constricted apex; disc with fine, dense
subconfluent punctures which merge to form minute strigaa on sides
and flanks; median smooth line very narrow, incomplete. Elytra scarcely
wider at base than thorax, sides nearly parallel to apical fourth,
apex broadly rounded; striae fine, indistinctly punctate; intervals flat,
each with two rows of confused shallow punctures. Under surface fine-
ly and densely punctate. Length 4.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Long Boat Key, Sarasota, Fla., Aug. 14; Leng collection.
More slender than <-<nnis. the thorax longer and less convex, the
color and vestitnre widely different.

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 393

XIX. CENTRIXITKS Casey, 1892. (Gr., Centrums + "like.")

Small, rhomboid-oval species having the mandibles deeply
notched within near apex; beak as long as head and thorax, its
dorsal surface polished and snbcarinate, with an even row of
small punctures each side of the smooth raised line; antenna' in-
serted beyond its middle, the scape reaching three-fourths to eye,
basal joint of funicle as long as the next three, second one-half
longer than third, the outer joints finely pubescent like the club;
elytra at humeri distinctly wider than thorax, their sides strongly
converging to the narrowly rounded apex; prosternum impressed
along the middle, very narrowly separating the coxa-.

600 (11,178). CEKTRIXITKS STRIGICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 616.

Rhomboid-oval. Black or dark reddish-brown, shining; tibia?, tarsi
and antennae more or less piceous; above thinly clothed with elongate,
slender white and piceous scales, the former condensed along the sides
and on the ba?al lobe of thorax and also on elytral intervals two, near
base and towards apex, four and six broadly, and three, five and seven
in single sparse lines which are less distinct towards base and apex;
under surface rather sparsely clothed with white scales. Beak with
sides flattened, densely and rugosely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider
than long, sides feebly converging from base to apical third, then strong-
ly rounded to the constriction; disc strigose and with finely carinate
median line. Elytral intervals flat, twice as wide as striae, the first,
third, fifth and seventh with a single row of punctures, the others con-
fusedly punctate. Length 3.5 mm.

Frankfort, Ky., June 9. Known from Hot Springs, N. C.,
Ohio and Missouri. Taken by Robertson on the bunch-flower,
MelantMum virginiciiiii L. and as a pollen feeder on Trillium
sessile L. (Pierce.)

XX. OOMORPHIDIUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "egg" + "form.")

Distinguishable by an oval, extremely convex and subglabrous
body; rather long, moderately stout, curved beak; strongly tubu-
late thorax; rather robust legs, the femora somewhat curved.

GOl (8914). OOMORPHIDIUS LEVICOLLIS Lee., 187G, 304.

Oval, convex, strongly narrowed behind. Dark reddish-piceous,
shining, minutely alutaceous; elytra black, legs reddish-brown; above
very sparsely clothed with linear white scales. Beak stout, as long as
head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctured. Thorax short, twice
as wide as long, very convex, strongly narrowed in front, sides feebly
curved, very strongly constricted about one-fourth from apex, the con-
striction forming a deep, narrow groove extending completely across
the dorsal surface; base broadly rounded; disc very finely and sparsely
punctate, its lateral edge nearly acutely defined. Elytra not narrower

SIBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.i:.

at base than thorax, sides beyond middle strongly narrov.-ed and slightly
rounded to apex; stria? very fine, represented by widely distant, elon-
gate, shallow punctures, and ending near the base in deep fovese which
are narrowed behind; intervals broad, flat, smooth. Length 2.2 — 3.2 mm.

Bainbridge, Ga., July 15 — 27. Leng collection. Known else-
where from St. Louis, Mo., District of Columbia and Crescent
City. Fla. Rare wherever found.

XXI. LIMXOBARIS Bedel, 1888. (Gr., "decorated" -f Baris.)

Small elongate-oblong or narrowly oval, usually subdepressed
species having the mandibles short, stout, strongly curved, feebly
notched at apex, broadly crossed when closed ; humeral callus
feebly developed: thorax often very finely alutaceous, rarely
densely punctate; surface subglabrous except in loncjnla. Casey
recognized 25 species, 17 of which occur in the Eastern United
States. For convenience they are separated into two groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERX LIMXOBARTS.

a. Antennal club large, the basal joint making up more than half its
mass; beak rather stout, the antennae inserted beyond its middle
in male, near middle in female; prosternum always widely separating
the coxae, never armed in tlie male; body usually piceous or reddish-
brown in color. GROUP A.
aa. Antennal club smaller and narrower, the basal joint comprising less
than half its mass; prosternum often armed in male; body intense
black except in grisea. GROUP B.

GROUP A.

Belonging to this group are six of our eastern species, sepa-
rated as follows:

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

a. Thorax bordered at the sides with an abruptly defined stripe of pale

scales.
1). Pale stripe of thorax conspicuous, composed of very large, broad

scales.

c. Thorax wider than long, its disc with a large, oval smooth spot
each side; form more robust, rather broadly oval or subrhcm-
boiclal. 602. BRACATA.

cc. Thorax almost as long as wide, its disc without smooth spot each
side; form elongate-oval. G03. LIMBIFF.R.

66. Pale thoracic stripe faint, composed of small, narrow and remotely
distant scales; intervals concave, only slightly wider than striae;
form much narrower and more depressed. 604. TABIDA.

aa. Thorax without a distinct submarginal pale stripe, the scales, how-
ever, often more distinct on sides than on middle of disc.
(1. Elytral stria? coarse, always more than one-half the width of in-
tervals, the latter concave, their punctures coarse; form de-

TUir.K XVI II. I5AKINI. 395

pressed; thorax parallel, nearly as long as wide, its sides rounded
and narrowed in front. 605. DEPLANATA.

(id. Elytral striae fine, the intervals more finely punctate.

e. Body dark reddish-brown throughout ; punctures of thorax fine,
very remote, unevenly distributed and irregular in size.

606. DEXUDATA.

ee. Black, strongly shining, legs and antenna? piceous; punctures
much closer and more evenly distributed. GOT. OBLITA.

602 (11,182). LiMNorsAKis BRACATA Casey, 1892, 627.

Rather broadly oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining;
head piceous; thorax with a wide curved submarginal stripe each side,
and a small patch in front of scutellum of large, elongate-oval whitish
scales; elytra with a row of similar scales along the third interval and
forming a small spot at base of fifth; punctures of legs and under sur-
face each bearing a smaller whitish scale. Antennas inserted two-fifths
from tip of beak, first joint of funicle subclavate, more than twice as long
as second. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly curved from
base to beyond middle, then broadly rounded and distinctly constricted near
apex; disc with a wide median line and a large oval space each side
near middle devoid of punctures, elsewhere rather coarsely, not densely
punctate, substrigosely so near apical angles. Elytral striae wide, deep,
faintly punctate; intervals each with a single row of rather large, close-
set punctures. Flanks of thorax distinctly strigose; remainder of under
surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Male with middle of first
and second ventral segments broadly and deeply concave, the cavity
thickly clothed with brownish hairs. Length 2.7 — 3.1 mm.

Lake and Marion counties, Ind., rare; June 8 — 27. New Jer-
sey; Leng collection. Known elsewhere only from District of
Columbia, Ohio, Towa and Missouri. Both specimens at hand are
reddish-brown, not piceous-black as described by Casey. Olifjolo-
duts robust us Linell (1897, .">:*), described from New Jersey and
District of Columbia, is a synonym.

603 (11,183). LIMNOBAHIS LIMBIFKK Casey, 1892, 628.

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Piceous-black, antenna?, beak and
legs reddish-brown; scales large, broad, nearly white, very unevenly
placed, being condensed along the marginal region of thorax and scat-
tered along intervals of elytra in nearly single lines, with a more dis-
tinct spot at base of third interval. Beak cylindrical, rather stout, as
long as head and thorax, feebly flattened toward apex and with sparse
elongate punctures on sides near base. Disc of thorax very coarsely
punctate and with a wide median smooth line, the punctures deep, sepa-
rated by their own diameters. Elytra slightly wider and three-fourths
longer than thorax; stria? coarse, deep; intervals one-half wider than
grooves, each with a single row of small, rather distant punctures. Front
coxa? separated by nearly their own width. Length 3.6 mm.

Known only from Florida and District of Columbia.

396 STBFAMILY x. — CURCULIONINM:.

604 (11,185). LIMXOBARIS TABIDA Casey, 1892, 629.

Elongate-oblong, subparallel, rather strongly depressed. Piceous-
black, shining, legs and antennae dull reddish-brown; sides of thorax
rather thickly clothed with minute yellowish, inclined hair-like scales,
which form a faint broad submarg'inal band; elytral intervals each with
a single row of similar whitish scales. Beak stout, as long as thorax,
feebly curved, striate and coarsely punctate on sides; antennae inserted
at apical third, first joint of funicle as long as the next three, second one-
half longer than third. Thorax about as long as wide; sides feebly and
broadly curved from base to apical fourth, then rounded and strongly
converging to apex; disc finely, unevenly and rather densely punctate,
the punctures tending to coalesce lengthwise and form faint strigae on
the sides; median smooth line narrow, often visible only behind the mid-
dle. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, the sides subparallel to middle,
then feebly converging to the rounded apex; striae wide, deep; intervals
but little wider than the striae, each with a single row of coarse, deep,
close-set punctures. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Marshall, Vigo, Knox and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; Jan.
fi — August 8 ; one on the former date beneath bottom rail of fence
in moist ground. Known heretofore only from the type described
from Illinois. The abruptly defined submarginal thoracic stripe
of yellowish setae or scales is visible distinctly oulv under a

i/ f */

strong lens by artificial light.

605 (11,186). LIMNOBAKIS DEPLAXATA Casey, 1892, 630.

Oblong, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining, subglabrous; beak, an-
tennae and tarsi piceous. Beak rather slender, cylindrical, as long as thor-
ax, coarsely and rather densely punctate on sides near base, more finely
and sparsely above. Thorax almost as long as wide, sides subparallel
from base to middle, then broadly and evenly curved to apex; disc rather
coarsely, deeply and somewhat unevenly punctate, the median smooth line
distinct. Elytra slightly wider and three-fourths longer than thorax;
striae deep, rather coarse; intervals one-half wider than grooves, concave,
each with a single row of rather coarse, deep, not close-set punctures.
Under surface coarsely and densely, the abdomen more finely and sparsely,
punctate. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 30. Philipp, Miss, May 14.
Known heretofore only from Keokuk, Iowa. Larger and broader
than t<tl)i<l<i, the setae minute, scarcely visible above.

606 (11,187). LIMXOBARIS DEXUDATA Casey, 1892, 632.

Narrowly oval, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown throughout, shin-
ing; very sparsely clothed on sides of thorax, near apex of elytra and that
of abdomen, with very small yellowish scale-like hairs. Beak not quite as
long as thorax, rather coarsely and densely marked with linear punctures
on sides of basal third, elsewhere finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax

TRIBE XVI 1 1. BARIXI. 397

slightly wider than long, disc with a broad, median smooth line, finely
unevenly and very sparsely punctate. Elytra at base as wide as thorax,
striae coarse, rather shallow; intervals nearly twice as wide as striae, each
with a single row of punctures which vary much in size. Length 3.3 mm.

Described from Florida without definite locality.

GOT (11,189). LIMXOBAKIS OBLITA Casey, 1892, 634.

Elongate-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining, subglabrous; legs
and antennae piceous; elytra minutely alutaceous. Beak slender, about
as long as head and thorax, its punctures fine, linear, rather sparse.
Thorax slightly wider than long, disc distinctly constricted at an unusual
distance behind the apex, rather coarsely, deeply and closely punctate; a
median line on basal two-thirds and a wide apical margin devoid of punc-
tures. Elytra distinctly wider and nearly twice as long as thorax; sides
parallel from base to apical third, then converging to tips; striae deep,
abrupt, rather coarse; intervals somewhat concave, one-half or more wider
than grooves, each with a row of small, close-set, uneven punctures. Length
3.5 mm.

Known only from the Wisconsin type.

GROUP B.

Those of our eastern species, 11 in number, belonging to this
group, are separated as follows:

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Piceous-black, the elytra and legs reddish-brown, the former blackish
along the suture; surface densely but unevenly clothed throughout
with elongate-oval, yellowish-white scales. 60S. GRISEA.

aa. Black; surface subglabrous except in longula.

b. Second joint of funicle shorter than the next two; prosternum
generally with a horn or process before the coxse in the male;
smaller, not over 3.5 mm.
c. Form more or less oblong-oval; beak very slender, swollen above

at base, its transverse constriction distinct.

d. Elytral intervals with punctures confused; beak in both sexes
shorter than thorax; surface feebly shining, alutaceous.

609. CONFUSA.

d<l. Elytral intervals each with a single row of punctures.
e. Punctures of intervals fine, remote.

f. Elytral setae very minute and inconspicuous.

g. Prosternum of male with a horn or cusp in front of the

coxae; beak of male three-fourths as long as thorax.
7;. Male with a long acute horn before each coxa and a
large, round, very deep, median excavation of pro-
sternum; second joint of funicle one-half longer than
third. 610. PUTEIFER.

hh. Male with a short obtuse horn before each coxa, the

.'598 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX-K.

prosternum feebly and broadly impressed, with a
small pit just behind its front margin; second joint
of funicle scarcely longer than third.

611. COXFINIS.

gg. Prosternum of male unarmed before the coxae, but with
a short obtuse ridge extending in front of each coxal
cavity; antennal club narrow, elongate-oval, as long as
the five preceding joints united. 612. OOXCVRREXS.
//. Elytral setae long, white, conspicuous; prosternum of male
unarmed. 613. CONCIXXA.

ee. Punctures of intervals strong, deep, close-set; elytral seta;
minute, inconspicuous. 614. FRATERCTLA.

cc. Form narrowed, linear; beak not swollen above at base, not longer
than thorax in female; male with a slender horn before each
coxa which extends forward beyond the front margin of pro-
sternum, the latter with a deep pit at middle. 615. PROLIXA.
6b. Second joint of funicle as long or longer than the next two; pro-
sternum of male unarmed; beak thicker, without basal transverse
impression, the latter represented by a frontal fovea; larger,
usually 4 or more mm.

i. Upper surface clothed rather sparsely but conspicuously with
slender white scales; thorax evenly narrowed from base to
apex, the latter feebly constricted, not subtubulate.

61G. LOXGULA.

ii. Upper surface subglabrous; apex of thorax obviously subtubulate.
j. Punctures of third elytral interval only confused; beak nearly

straight.

7c. Elytra black; intervals rather coarsely rugosely punctate;
form larger and broader; length 4 — 5 mm.

617. RECTIROSTRIS.

7rfr. Elytra piceous; intervals very finely and shallowly punctate;
form narrow, subparallel; length 3.2 mm. 618. TEXUA.

jj. Punctures of all elytral intervals confused, rugose; beak dis-
tinctly curved at middle; length 5.2 mm. 619. CALVA.

608 (8931). LIMNODARIS GRISEA Lee., 1876, 312.

Oblong-oval, robust, feebly convex. Color given in key. Scales of
thorax arranged transversely, more elongate and denser on the sides; those
of elytra more oval, unevenly disposed in strongly marked lines along the
intervals, the line of the third interval especially wide. Beak rather stout,
cylindrical, as long as head and thorax, female, not longer than thorax,
male, punctured and striate. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides paral-
lel from base to beyond middle, then strongly rounded and converging
to apex; disc coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra slightly wider and
twice as long as thorax, feebly narrowed from the humeri: striae fine, deep;
intervals each with an irregular double row of punctures, each puncture
bearing a white scale. Length 3.4 — 3.7 mm.

Originally collected by Belfrage in Texas; since recorded
from New Jersey. District of Columbia and Arizona.

TRIBE XVIII. BARINI. 399

609 (8942). LIMNOBAKIS CONFUSA Boh., Schon., 1836, 740.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, antennas slightly paler; subglab-
rous, the hair-like scales very small, fine, white, sparsely disposed above
and beneath. Beak finely and densely punctured near base, more sparsely
toward apex. Thorax slightly wider than long, its punctures rather dense,
not contiguous, the median smooth line distinct. Elytra slightly wider and
three-fourths longer than thorax; strise fine, deep; intervals flat, wide,
mostly with two rows of coarse, shallow confused punctures. Prosternum
of male with a long slender, oblique horn before each coxa; in front of them
a large, deep excavation. Length 2.7 — 3.5 mm.

Starke and Jackson counties, Ind., rare; June 19 — Aug. 25.
Hopatcong and Orange Mts., N. J. Ormond, Sanford, Dunedin,
Sarasota and Ft. Myers, Fla., frequent in marshy meadows; Feb.
27 — Oct. 22. Ranges from New England to Colorado, south to
North Carolina and southern Florida.

Specimens from Ormond and Ft. Myers, Fla., agree with those
mentioned by LeConte (1876, 317) in having the thorax more
coarsely, less densely punctured, fifth ventral as long as third
and fourth united, and processes of male very short, acute cusps.
They may bo known as var. Itn'rinixpa. (W. 8. B.}

610 (11,192). LIMXOBABIS PUTEIFER Casey, 1892, 639.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, shining and subglabrous
throughout. Beak of male stout, cylindrical, feebly curved, finely carinate
above, roughly and rather coarsely punctate; of female slightly longer, much
more slender, nearly straight, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-
fourth wider than long, sides feebly curved from the base and distinctly
constricted near apex; disc minutely alutaceous, finely and sparsely punc-
tate, with median smooth line distinct on basal half and a
small, irregular smooth space midway between it and margin. Scutellum
oblong, notched at apex. Elytra oblong, nearly one-third wider and more
than twice as long as thorax, sides parallel to apical third; strife fine;
intervals wide, flat, each with a single row of very fine, scabrous, scarcely
impressed punctures. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

Parke, Dubois and Floyd counties, Ind., scarce ; May 13 — -
June 23. Described from "Indiana?" Recorded from Ohio by
Dury. "Extremely like conf'mis, but the ante-coxa! processes
are much more developed, elytra wider and longer, second joint
of funicle longer, and prosternum of male with deep excavation."
(Casey.) In one of the two males at hand the antecoxnl horns
extend to base of beak ; in the other they are two-thirds as long.
The fifth ventral in both sexes has a large rounded impression
at middle, this distinctly deeper in male. The minute whitish
scales are condensed at the base of the first four elvtral inter-

ti

vals, where they are more evident than elsewhere.

400 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIX.i:.

611 (8944). ' LIMNOBARIS CONFIXIS Lee., 1876, 317.

Form of jiuteifer but smaller and somewhat narrower. Black, shin-
ing, alutaceous, suhglabrous; antennae and tarsi piceous. Beak as in putei-
fer. Thorax narrower than there, but slightly wider than long, its punc-
tures shallower and more sparse, the median smooth line entire. Elytra
one-fifth wider than thorax, sides parallel to apical fourth; punctures of in-
tervals still finer, less impressed and much more distant one from another.
Length 2.3—2.9 mm.

Kosciusko, Hamilton and Martin counties, Ind., scarce ; May
1G — Oct. 24. SAvept from grasses in marshes. Moutclair, N. J.,
Batavia, N. Y. ; June 3 — July 13. Ranges from Xew York to
Michigan and Iowa, south to Texas.

612 (11,193). LIMXOBARIS CONCURREXS Casey, 1892, 640.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black, shining, the minute, hair-like scales very
sparse above and beneath, forming single rows on the elytra. Beak of male
as long as thorax, rather slender, cylindrical, coarsely and densely punctate
on sides; of female as long as head and thorax, more slender, less curved
and with antenna? at, instead of in front of middle. Thorax but slightly
wider than long, disc alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate, the med-
ian smooth line narrow, entire. Elytra nearly one-third wider and twice
as long as thorax, the punctures of intervals fine and rather distant.
Length 2.2—3.2 mm.

Originally described from numerous specimens from the Dis-
irict of Columbia. Recorded elsewhere only from Ohio. "Allied
to con finis, but with much longer beak and narrower auteunal
club." (Casey.)

613 (8941). LIMNOBARIS CONCINNA Lee., 1S76, 316.

Oblong, subparallel, convex. Black, shining, faintly bronzed; above
and beneath clothed with long, sparse, narrow white scales, those on the
elytral intervals, arranged in single lines. Beak four-fifths as long as
thorax, feebly curved; thicker, striate and more roughly punctured in male.
Joints 2 — 7 of funicle equal in length; club oval, robust, as long as the pre-
ceding six joints. Thorax slightly wider than long, narrowed and feebly
constricted in front, disc minutely alutaceous, rather coarsely punctate,
the punctures separated by their own diameters. Elytra equal in width to
and three-fourths longer than thorax, sides parallel, rounded behind in
apical fourth; stria? very fine, intervals wide, minutely punctate. Proster-
num of male with two small fovea? near apex. Length 1.8 — 2.5 mm.

Described from New York, Florida and Texas. Recorded from
South Jersey, N. J. Frequent at Sanford, Duuedin and Ft. Myers,
Fla., in swampy meadows; on huckleberry blossoms in spring;
Jan. 29 — Dec. 3. Probably occurs throughout Florida. The
two northern records were probably based on wrong determina-
tions.

Tit 1 1 '.!•: xvin . — i: Ait i x i .

614 (11,194). LIMNOBARIS FRATKitcrLA Casey, 1892, 642.

Oval, feebly convex. Black, shining, subglabrous. Beak r;
shining, as long as thorax, feebly curved near apical third, punctured at
sides near base. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides broadly curved
from the base, not constricted near apex; disc not coarsely, rather sparsely
punctate, the median smooth line distinct. Elytra elongate-oval, slightly
wider at base and twice as long as thorax; striae fine, coarser and feebly
crenulate toward base; intervals each with a single row of punctures.
Prosternum of male with a small pit behind the apical margin. Length 2.5
mm.

Inscribed from Florida. "'Differs from eonfnsa in its small
size, uniseriate elytra 1 intervals, simple male prosternum and
slightly longer beak; from confinis by broader, more depressed
form, coarser elytral stria1 and larger, closer serial punctures."
(Casey.)

615 (8943). LIMXOBARIS PROLIXA Lee., 1876, 317.

Slender, parallel, subcylindrical, convex. Black, feebly bronzed,
shining, subglabrous, the hair-like scales very minute but longer and more
visible toward the sides of thorax; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
slender, cylindrical, feebly curved, as long as thorax, densely punctate,
male; much smoother, female; antennas inserted at middle, male, far be-
hind, female. Second joint of funicle one-half longer than third. Thorax
slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, subapical constriction dis-
tinct; disc alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly
wider and nearly three times as long as thorax, sides parallel, obtusely
rounded in apical fourth; striae deep, very fine; intervals wide, each with
a row of minute, very distant punctures. Length 2.3 — 4 mm.

Beverly, Mass, May 23. Ranges from New England to Michi-
gan and Colorado, south to Ohio. Harrington (1S1H, !'(>) states
that the adults occur on sedges and aquatic plants. Tn one of
the males at hand the antecoxal horns extend forward nearly to
the middle of beak, their tips diverging in order not to interfere
with the lateral movements of the beak.

616 (8940). LIMNOBABIS LONGULA Lee., 1876, 316.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining, tarsi and antennas reddish-
brown; the slender, hair-like white scales almost evenly distributed above
and beneath. Beak of female about as long as head and thorax, slender,
curved, densely punctate near base, elsewhere almost smooth, polished; of
male, rather thick, shorter than thorax, deeply and densely striate-punctate.
Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides parallel near base, then broadly,
feebly curved to near apex; disc rather coarsely, not densely punctate and
with a faint, narrow, smooth median line. Elytra scarcely wider than
thorax; striae rather fine, the edges subcrenulate; intervals finely, sparsely,
unevenly punctured and transversely rugulose; prosternum of male
strongly impressed along the middle. Length 4 — 4.3 mm.

402 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.E.

Described from Texas; occurs also in Florida.

617 (8937). LIMNOBARIS RECTIROSTRIS Lee., 1876, 315.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, feebly shining, finely alutaceous; an-
tenna? and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak of male as long as thorax, thick,
compressed, carinate above, striate and densely punctate on sides; of fe-
male slender, cylindrical, longer than thorax, very finely and sparsely
punctate. Thorax slightly wider than long; sides subparallel from base
to middle, then converging and strongly constricted; punctures of disc
rather fine, somewhat sparsely and unevenly distributed, the median smooth
line distinct, narrow. Elytra slightly wider and more than twice as long
as thorax, sides parallel to apical fourth; strise fine, deep; intervals wide,
their punctures fine, distinctly rugulose, somewhat transverse, those of the
third confused, each puncture bearing a short yellowish seta. Under sur-
face coarsely and densely, the middle of abdomen much more finely and
sparsely, punctate. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Steuben, Kosciusko and Spencer counties, Tnd.. scarce; prob-
ably throughout the State; May -4 — July 4. Taken by sweeping
marshy meadows. Hopatcong, South Orange and Newark, X. J. ;
July. Ottawa, Canada. June 14 — August !•">. Ranges from Xew
England and Canada to Michigan and Iowa, south to South Car-
olina. Harrington (1S!)1, 2r>) states that it occurs in wet places
on the club-rush or wool-grass, Xrirjmx ci/jK-rhius L., in the stems
of which the larva1 live. On \u/>]t(ir ddrcim in June. (Hamil-
ton.} Varies much in size, the smaller, narrower forms ap-
proaching jtroJi.i'd.

618 (- — ). LlMXORARIS TEM'A Sp. 11OV.

Elongate, subparallel. Piceous, finely alutaceous, feebly shining: head,
beak and thorax black. Beak of male as long as thorax, striate, finely and
densely punctate on sides, carinate above. Antennse inserted at middle,
second joint of funicle slender, as long as the next two. Thorax convex,
as long as wide, sides straight to apical third, then rounded and feebly
constricted; punctures of disc fine, sparse, ocellate, unevenly distributed;
median smooth line very narrow. Elytra but slightly wider and more than
twice as long as thorax, sides parallel to apical fourth; stris very fine,
impunctate. Length 3.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Kosciusko Co., Ind., rare; June o. Resembles in~oli.ru in form,
but second joint of funicle longer and male without antecoxal
processes.

619 (8936). LIMNORAIUS CALVA Lee., 1876, 314.

Elongate-oblong, convex. Black, moderately shining, the very small,
slender scales sparse above, more distinct beneath. Beak as long as thorax,
stout, striate, densely punctate; of female more slender, less deeply sculp-
tured. Thorax scarcely wider than long, sides nearly straight and parallel
from base to middle, then strongly rounded and tubularly constricted near

TRIBE XVIII. BARIXI. 40:5

apex; disc rather densely and deeply, not coarsely punctate, with narrow
median smooth line. Punctures of elytral intervals coarse, confused, ru-
gose. Male with a small, elongate-oval, feeble impression near base of ab-
domen. Length 5.2 mm.

Long Island, X. Y., July. Described from Georgia and Flor-
ida. Recorded also from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia and
Ohio. Occurs on Crata'gus in July, (fffiniilton.}

XX IT OLIGOLOCHUS Casey, 1802. (Gr., "small" + -similar.")

Small, oval, convex species resembling Microcholus but hav-
ing the mandibles small, thick, strongly curved, notched at apex
and broadly crossed when closed; prosternum flat, not impressed,
nor excavated in front but with a fine, deep, transverse constric-
tion; front coxre separated by less than half their own width;
pygidium slightly exposed at tip in male.

620 (8949). OLTGOLOCIH-.S COXVKXUS Lee., 1876, 422.

Oval, convex. Black, shining, legs reddish-brown; very sparsely cloth-
ed with elongate white scales, condensed toward sides and on median line
of thorax and toward base of third and fifth intervals of elytra. Beak
slender, feebly curved, as long as thorax, coarsely, sparsely, unevenly punc-
tate on sides, smoother toward tip. Antennae inserted in front of middle,
scape almost reaching the eye, second joint of funicle scarcely longer than
third. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides broadly curved from base
to apex, which is distinctly constricted but not tubulate; disc coarsely, not
densely punctate, the smooth median line entire. Elytra slightly wider at
base and three-fourths longer than thorax; striae coarse, deep, not punctate;
intervals each with an uneven single row of small, close-set punctures,
somewhat confused on third. Length 2.4 mm.

Known only from Tampa and Enterprise. V]<\., and District
of Columbia. 0. robuxtux Linell (1807, 53) is a synonym of Cen-
trum* hr<ic<it<i Casey.

XXIII. ImosTETiirs Casey, 1S!)± ( Gr., "peculiar" + "chest.")

Small oval or elongate-oval species having the an tenure in-
serted at or beyond the middle, second joint of funicle as long as
the next two, club usually small; prosternum broadly impressed,
not narrowly sulcate, noticeably tumid, especially before the coxa-,
which are never separated by more than one-third their width;
thorax tubulate at apex, its disc more or less wrinkled or strigose,
the median basal lobe prominent; vestiture consisting of small,
slender setre and scales which, while very sparse, are distinct,
especially towards the sides of the body beneath. The four known
species occur with us.

404 srr.y.YMiLY x.

KEY TO SPECIES OF IDIOSTETITUS.

a. Elytra without scattered white scales; antennal scape more abruptly

club-shaped.
&. Met-episterna and sides of abdomen not densely scaly; club smaller,

its basal joint composing about one-half its mass.

c. Smooth median line of thorax distinct; sculpture coarse; males
often with an acute tubercle or spine before the front coxag.

621. TITBULATUS.

oc. Thorax without smooth median line; sculpture much finer; males

without tubercle or spine. 622. SUBCALVUS.

lib. Met-episterna and sides of abdomen very densely clothed with oval,

over-lapping white scales; club larger, its basal joint constituting

only one-third its mass. 623. ELLIPSOIDEUS.

aa. Elyti'a with widely scattered slender white scales; antennal scape

gradually clavate; smooth line of thorax entire. 624. DISPERSUS.

621 (8910). IDIOSTETHUS TUBULATUS Say, 1831, 20; ibid, I, 285.

Oval, rather robust. Black, shining, antenna?, tibia? and tarsi dark
reddish-brown. Beak slender, strongly curved, about one-half longer than
thorax, striate, densely and finely punctate. Thorax two-thirds wider
than long, sides feebly converging from base to apical third, then broadly
rounded to the strongly constricted apex; disc with punctures coarse, deep,
rather dense, more or less confluent lengthwise. Scutellum small, widely
notched at apex. Elytra one-fourth wider at base and twice as long as
thorax; stria? coarse, deep, strongly punctate; intervals narrow, feebly
concave, each with a row of rather coarse shallow punctures bearing very
short white hairs. Prosternum of male usually unarmed, but often (var.
strigapunctus Hamilton 1893, 309), with an acute tubercle or short curved
spine in front of each coxa. Length 2.8 — 3.7 mm.

dark, Posey and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; April 22 — May
(>. Hopatcong, Fort Lee and Orange Mts., X. J. Ranges from
New York to Wisconsin south to Florida. Occurs on Crut<rc/us;
also found in flowers of orchids in June, and in the small pur-
ple-fringed orchis, Blephari glottis pxi/t-hotlcs L., in July. (Har-

Although ("asey in his table to genera of Barini (1892, 468),
stales that "the prosternum is never armed in the male" in those
genera following Linutolxirix, yet in two of the males of /. tultu-
Itil it fs at hand there is an acute curved spine in front of each
coxa, while two others hear acute tubercles in the same place.
Hamilton, in his description of strh/apiuiftiiK says: "The male
has an acute tubercle before the anterior coxa1; in one example
a spine as in some Centrums"

622 (8948). IDIOSTKTIIUS SUBCALVUS Lee., 1878, 622.

Oval, convex. Black, shining, very thinly clothed with short, grayish,
semiprostrate hairs; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi more or less reddish-brown.
Beak about as long as head and thorax, feebly curved, finely and densely

TRIIUO XVIII. BARIXI. 405

punctate; antennae inserted at its middle, second joint of funicle slender,
three-fourths as long as first. Thorax small, conical, one-half wider than
long, very finely, densely punctate, the punctures merging to form fine
strigee; the median line often finely subcarinate, not smooth. Elytra dis-
tinctly wider at humeri than thorax, sides subparallel from humeri to
middle, then strongly converging; strife fine, deep; intervals each with a
single row of small, shallow punctures, each bearing a minute seta. Pro-
sternum strongly impressed along the middle, under surface coarsely and
densely punctate. Length 1.8—2.5 mm.

Common throughout the southern two-thirds of Indiana, not
taken in the northern counties; Apr. IT — June 15. Sometimes
abundant on the flowers of Pliacclia bipiiDuitifida Michx., and
other April- and May-blooming plants. "In great numbers in
the flowers of the water-leaf, HydropJiyUuin (t/tpnidiruldtuni.
in May." (Dury.) Ranges from Pennsylvania to Michigan,
south to Kentucky and Missouri.

623 (11,197). IDIOSTETI-IUS ELLJPSOIDEUS Casey, 1892, 652.

Elliptic, ovoidal, convex. Black, shining, antennae, tibiae and tarsi
dark reddish-brown; above spai'sely clothed with very small, inclined scale-
like hairs. Beak slender, curved, as long as head and thorax, densely
rugosely punctate on sides, male; one-fourth longer, much more finely
punctate, female. First joint of funicle as long as the next four. Thorax at
base one-half wider than long, sides feebly converging to apical fourth,
then rounded and constricted near apex; disc rather finely and densely
punctate, finely strigose on sides and with a very narrow median smooth
line. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, striae fine, deep; in-
tervals slightly concave, their punctures coarse, shallow, close-set, more
or less confused toward base. Length 2.8 — 3.5 mm.

Known from Illinois, Town and Missouri. Easily distin-
guished by the hemi-elliptical outline of elytra, large antenna!
club and dense vestiture of sides of abdomen.

624 (11,198). IDIOSTETHVS DISPERSUS Casey, 1892, 652.

Oval, rather robust, convex. Black, shining, legs rufo-piceous; vesti-
ture sparse and uneven, consisting of minute setae on the thorax which be-
come long, slender, recumbent whitish scales on the lateral fifth and in the
middle before the scutellum; elytra with a single row of very small setae on
each interval, with long, slender scales very widely scattered over the en-
tire surface. Beak of male as long as thorax, its sides densely punctate and
scaly. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides feebly converging from
base to apical fourth, then strongly rounded to the constriction; disc un-
evenly sculptured, strigose near center, densely punctate on sides, finely
and sparsely punctate near basal angles. Elytra one-fifth wider, and more
than twice as long as thorax; striae very coarse, deep; intervals flat, each
with a row of close-set, rounded punctures. Length 3.3 mm.

Known only from Alabama.

40(1 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIX^E.

XXIV. STETHOBARIS Lee., 1876. ( Gr., "breast" -j- Baris.)

Oval, robust, convex species having the surface black, shin-
ing, subglabrous; beak strongly curved, usually tapering from
base to apex; antenna] club very large, nearly as long as the en-
tire funicle; prosternum deeply, abruptly and broadly excavated;
huineri prominent, situated distinctly behind the base of elytra;
tarsal claws small, slender, free, feebly diverging.

KKY TO EASTEUX SPECIES OF STKTIIORAKTS.

«. Sides of thorax broadly curved, the punctures of disc rather fine,
widely separated; those on sides beneath coarse, not 'str'igose.

625. CORPUI.ENTA.
aa. Thorax smaller and more conical, its sides converging from the base;

the punctures larger and less sparse.

li. Sides of thorax beneath obliquely and finely strigose; disc with a
narrow, entire median smooth line; punctures of elytral intervals
in part confused.
c. Strise of elytra strongly punctate, their edges crenulate.

626. INCOMPTA.
cc. Strise finely punctate at bottom, their edges not crenulate.

627. COMMIXTA.
l)lj. Sides of thorax distinctly punctate, not strigose beneath; disc with

interrupted median smooth line; punctures of intervals very fine
and in a single row. 628. OVATA.

625 (8911). STETHOIJAKIS COIUTLEXTA Lee., 1876, 420.

Broadly oval. Black, glabrous, strongly shining; antenna? and legs
piceous. Beak stout, cylindrical, polished, as long as thorax, finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax short, very convex, four-fifths wider than long,
strongly tubulate at apex, punctured as given in key, the median smooth
line entire. Elytra behind humeri one-fifth wider than thorax, striae coarse,
deep, their sides crenulate on basal half; punctures of intervals very fine,
sparse, and confused. Beneath coarsely, the abdomen more finely, punc-
tate; third and fourth ventrals with a single transverse row of punctures.
Length 3.3—3.5 mm.

Baysenger, Fla., Feb. l'S ; rare Taken at Tampa and Lake
Ashley by Schwa rx. Recorded also from Michigan and District
of Columbia, but these records probably based on specimens of
incompta.

626 (11,199). STETHOP.AIMS IXCOMPTA Casey, 1892, 655.

Oval, convex. Black, strongly shining. Beak strongly curved, as long
as head and thorax, densely punctured on the sides. Thorax two-thirds
wider than long, disc rather finely, deeply, not densely punctate. Interval?
of elytra differing greatly in width, the third twice as wide as the grooves.

TUir.i; xvin. — P.AIMNI. 407

the fourth scarcely wider than the latter, the narrow ones with single, the
others with confused rows of minute distant punctures. Length 3.1 mm.

Lake County, Tnd., June 4. Known heretofore only from the
single female type which Col. Casey says was labelled "Fla."
"Differs from cor/mlcnta in the less obese form and larger auten-
nal club, smaller, more conical more coarsely punctate thorax,
with the punctures forming long rugte at sides beneath." (CV'.sv//.)

627 (- -). STETIIOIJAIUS COMMIXTA sp. nov.

Broadly oval, convex. Black, glabrous, shining, finely alutaceous;
antennae and legs piceous. Beak strongly curved, as long as head and
thorax, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Antennae inserted just be-
hind its middle, first joint of funicle robust, as long as the next three,
second slightly longer than third, 3 — 7 gradually slightly wider; club elon-
gate-oval, nearly as long as funicle. Thorax two-thirds wider than long,
sides feebly converging from base to apical third, then broadly rounded and
strongly constricted; disc finely, rather sparsely and unevenly punctate and
with a narrow smooth median line. Elytra oval, distinctly wider behind the
humeri than base of thorax, the striae rather wide, deep, remotely punctate;
intervals twice as wide as grooves, flat, minutely, sparsely and confusedly
punctate. Length 2.5—2.8 mm. (W. »SY. B.)

Stenbeu Co., Ind., May 27. Tyngsboro, Mass,; Blanchard col-
lection. Known also from Michigan, Ohio and District of Col-
umbia. "Bred from coral-root (Corallorhiza) collected at Bal-
sam, N. C., in July." (l)uri/.) This is the HtctJiolxirix onita
Casey nee LeConte.

628 (11,200). STETIIOBAEIS OVATA Lee., 1868, 363.

Suboval, rather robust, convex. Black, glabrous, shining; legs slight-
ly piceous; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak rather stout, moder-
ately curved, as long as thorax, male, one-fourth longer, female, striate and
deeply punctate on sides, more finely and sparsely above. Thorax subconi-
cal, at base two-thirds wider than long, sides rapidly converging to the
strong apical constriction; disc finely, deeply and rather sparsely punctate.
Elytra at humeri one-fifth wider than thorax, then distinctly narrowed to
the rounded apex; striae coarse, deep, distinctly remotely punctate, their
sides feebly crenulate; intervals one-half wider than grooves, male, twice as
wide, female. Prosternum deeply excavated in front of coxse. Length 2.8
— 3 mm.

Tyngsboro, Mass., July. ''Middle, southern and western
states." (LeConte.} Known also from Ottawa, Canada, New
York and Missouri. LeConte, after describing ( ISUS, :>('»:>) a form
under the name B<iri<HnN oriitiix, decided (lS7(i, :><>:>) that it was
a synonym of Say's tnhul<itns, the identity of which was some-
what in doubt, and stated that he preferred to suppress the

408 srr.FAMiLv x. — rrurr

name oratus "until some other insect occurs better suited to
Sav's description." Casey (1802), without remarks on the sub-
ject, transferred and described Ray's species under the genus
i^liofttctliufi, described what he thought was LeConte's species
under the name Htctltolaris orata. and described as new the true
orata under the name *S'. conf/mmum. A study of LeConte's
type of BarhJiiift oratux at Cambridge shows its thorax to be non-
striffose beneath, its dorsal line faint and interrupted and the

~

elytra to be "deeply striate, stria1 punctured and interspaces
narrow, each with a row of fine but distinct punctures," exactly
as described by LeConte (18TG, 303.) Casey's 8. congerni<i»(i is,
therefore a synonym of #. orata Lee.

XXV. ZAGLYPTUS Lee., 187fi.

Very small, oval, strongly sculptured species, bearing long,
stiff erect yellowish hairs; beak slightly longer than head and
thorax, evenly feebly curved, the antenna1 inserted just beyond
its middle; prosternum broadly and feebly impressed along the
middle; thorax with base strongly sinuate and deeply margined,
the apex tubulate: elytra wider than thorax, gradually narrowed
behind from the rather prominent humeri ; first and second ven-
tral segments very large, closely united. The genus and two
species were characterized by LeConte, who placed them in the
tribe Cryptorhyiicliini, from which they were removed to their
present position by Casey. They are the smallest known mem-
bers of the Barini.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ZAGLYPTUS.

a. Elytra with coarsely punctured shallow striae, the intervals rather

wide. 629. STRIA-ITS.

oo. Elytra deeply sulcate, the grooves punctured; intervals narrow; color

darker. 630. SULCATUS.

629 (8751). ZACLYI-TI-S STRIATCS Lee., 1876, 237.

Oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, shining, upper surface with a few
long, slender, yellowish prostrate hairs at base of thorax, in addition to the
long, stiff seta?. Beak rather slender, striate, punctate toward base. Thorax
conical, one-half wider than long, disc very coarsely, not densely, punctate.
Elytra oval, one-fourth wider at base than thorax; intervals twice as wide
as the sti'ial punctures, each with a row of long, yellowish, erect hairs,
arising from minute punctures. Length 1.4 mm.

Known from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia and Ohio,
l.oth it and the next occur in dead branches, especially those of
young oak lying on the ground. ( tidnrai:;'. I

TRIP. 1C XVIII. F.AKIXI. 4<>(J

630 (8750). ZAGLYPTUS sfLCATrs Lee., 1876, 237.

Oval, convex. Dark reddish-brown, the thorax, and apical half of
elytra often piceous. Head and tubular constriction of thorax smooth.
Beak deeply sulcate each side, minutely punctate. Thorax conical, two-
thirds wider than long, very coarsely and densely punctate behind the
apical constriction. Elytra strongly convex, rapidly narrowed from the
very prominent humeri; intervals narrow, convex, each with a row of
distant small punctures, from which proceed long, erect hairs. Under
surface very coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length, 1.6 mm.

Perry Comity, Ind.. rare; May 20. Recorded from Mobile,
Ala., District of Columbia and Ohio. Stated by Dury to be
abundant near Cincinnati.

XXVI. ZYGOBAIMS LIT., 1S7T,. i Or., "yoke" -f- Paris.)

Small rliomboidal. subtropical species having the beak very
loiiii1, slender, strongly curved; mandibles small, thick, curved,
notched at apex, strongly crossed when closed; antenna- inserted
behind Hie middle in both sexes; elytral stri;e coarsely punctate;
larsal daws connate at base.

631 (8946). ZYGOBARIS XITEXS Lee., 1876, 318.

Robust, subrhomboiclal. Black, shining, thinly sprinkled with small
white hair-like scales. Beak two-thirds as long as body, female, slightly
longer than head and Ihcrax, male, slender, curved, not thicker at base,
densely punctured at the sides on basal half. Thorax conical, three-fifths
wider than long, sides feebly curved, constricted near apex, disc very
coarsely, not densely, punctured. Elytra at base much wider than thorax,
striae fine, deep, marked with large, distant punctures: intervals nearly
flat, each with a row of equally large but more distant punctures. Under
surface very coarsely punctured. Length 2.6 — 3.7 mm.

Kcv West and other points in southern Florida. An allied
species breeds in the berries of Xanthoxylum in Texas.

XXVII. Zvdop.AKixrs Pierce, 111(17.

This <>enus was founded ( 1907-a, 385) for the following species,
placed in Zi/fiolmiis by its author, but differing widely from the
two species now included in that genns.

632 (- — ). ZYGOBAPJXUS CCELESIIXUS Linell, 1897, 55.

Robust, subrhomboiclal, convex, glabrous. Dark blue, opaque, strongly
alutaceous; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak sparsely punctate,
basal half bluish-green, apical Half piceous; short, curved, cylindrical,
slightly flattened at apex. Thorax conical, scarcely wider than long, sides
feebly rounded, disc sparsely and finely punctate, more coarsely at sides.
Elytral stria? linear, distinctly impressed, with remote, fine punctures;
intervals flat, each with a single row of small, distant, Hubmuricate punc-
tures. Length 4 mm.

410 SI BFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.E.

Cocoanut Grove, Florida, April 25. A unique and handsome
species.

XXVIII. CATAPASTUS Casey, 1802. (Or., "strewn" or "scattered.")

Very small, robust, oval or snbrhomboidal species, having the
beak short, stout, broad, usually flattened toward apex, densely
and finely punctate throughout; antenna* inserted beyond its
middle, the scape nearly reaching the eye, joints 2 — 7 of fnnicle
•short, subequal ; mandibles as in Zi/</ol)<iris; scutellnm small,
usually densely scaly; ])rosteriium with a broad, deep impression
along its middle, this narrower and deeper toward apex; tarsal
cla\vs small, connate in basal third.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CATAPASTl'S.

a. Scutellum glabrous, with a small white spot each side; upper surface

sparsely clothed with scattered white scales. 633. ALIJOXOTATCS.

aa. Scutellum densely scaly; surface above densely clothed with small

brown scales, and larger white or yellowish ones.

b. Scales of upper surface forming a definite pattern, viz., a broad

brown band along the middle of thorax and a W-shaped pale mark

across the suture of elytra at middle. 634. SHJXATIPEXXTS.

1>1>. Scales of upper surface not arranged as above, the white ones of

elytra widely scattered.

c. Legs blackish; antenna? piceous, the club abruptly much paler;

thorax but slightly wider than long. 635. COXSPERSTS.

cc. Legs and antennae pale reddish-brown throughout; thorax one-half

wider than long; scattered white scales of elytra larger and

broader. 636. DIFET'SCS.

633 (- -). CATAI-ASTTS ALBOXOTATTS Linell, 1897, 56.

Rhomboidal, convex. Piceous black, tarsi reddish-brown; very sparsely
clothed with scattered white scales, which are very narrow and small on
the ventral surface, larger on thorax and elytra, where they are collected
into small spots on the base of the second interval and on the base of the
thorax opposite the humeral umbone. Beak thick, coarsely striate-punctate,
not flattened at apex, strongly curved and abruptly bent at middle. Thorax
as long as wide, sides slightly rounded, feebly constricted at apex; disc
rather coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by their own diameters.
Elytral stria? narrow, remotely and finely punctate; intervals each with a
row of small distant punctures and fine transverse strigse, the white scales
mostly on the third, seventh and ninth intervals. Length 1.7 mm.

Lake Worth and Key West, Florida.

634 (- -). CATAPASTTS SH;XATIPKXXIS Linell, 1897, 55.

Robust, rhomboidal, convex. Black, somewhat shining, antennce and
legs piceous. Thorax densely covered with rounded scales, forming a
broad brown band along the middle and a yellowish white one on the sides,
with a denuded spot each side of the basal lobe; elytra sparsely clothed with

Tltir.K XVIII. - I'.AUIXI. 411

narrow brown scales and broader yellowish ones, the latter forming a spot
at the base of third interval and a large W-shaped mark across the suture at
middle. Beak as long as thorax, strongly curved. Thorax wider than long,
conical, distinctly constricted at apex, coarsely and densely punctate. Ely-
tra distinctly wider than thorax, sides broadly rounded, feebly convergent;
intervals broad, flat, with sparse, confused, subrugose punctures. Length
2 mm.

Key West, Florida.

635 (8947). CATAPASTUS COXSPERSUS Lee., 1876, 318.

Narrowly subrhomboidal, convex. Black, feebly shining, club of an-
tennae pale yellow; above rather densely clothed with narrow, dark red-
dish-brown scales, with larger white ones somewhat densely placed on
sides of thorax and remotely scattered over the elytra; under surface
rather thickly clothed with similar whitish scales. Beak cylindrical, cur-
ved, not longer than thorax, scaly, finely and densely punctured. Thorax
gradually narrowed in front, sides nearly straight, slightly rounded and
feebly constricted near tip; disc rather coarsely, deeply and densely punc-
tate, the base bisinuate. Elytra behind the base distinctly wider than
thorax, humeri obliquely rounded; striae rather coarse, deep; intervals flat,
finely, densely and confusedly punctured. Length 1.7 — 2.3 mm.

Kosciusko Co., Incl., scarce ; June 1 — June 3. Edgebrook,
111., Sept. 15. Recorded from Michigan, Ohio, Illinois and Iowa.
Near Cincinnati, Ohio, occurring by hundreds on prickly ash
( Xan tlio.Tijlu in ) , May ."). ( D urij. )

636 (11,205). CATAPASTUS DIFFUSUS Casey, 1892, 666.

Rhomboid-oval, convex. Black, legs and antenna? pale reddish-brown;
surface clothed above and beneath as in conspersus, the white scales not
condensed on sides of thorax, those of elytra larger and broader. Beak and
antennae as in conspersus. Thorax conical, the sides feebly and evenly cur-
ved, distinctly constricted near apex; disc coarsely, very densely punctate
with traces of a narrow median smooth line. Elytra wider and more than
twice as long as thorax; intervals flat, twice as wide as striae, finely, closely
and rugosely punctate, the punctures confused. Abdomen closely punctured,
the middle of third and fourth ventrals glabrous. Length 2.2 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., rare; Oct. 2:>. Described from southern
Florida. Slightly larger, darker and more robust than consper-

XXIX. BARINUS Casey, 1880. (Gr., Baris -f ''like.")

Rather large, elongate-oval or parallel species having the
beak short, thick, curved; head large in proportion to size of
thorax; antenme inserted beyond middle of beak, their grooves
rapidly oblique; prosternum deeply and narrowly impressed or

412 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.T:.

suleate; scntellnm small, glabrous or nearly so; body always nn-
eveuly and more or less densely scaly; tarsal claws connate for
at least half their length.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BARINUS.

a. Body glabrous above but with two wide, abruptly limited stripes of
large, pale, densely placed scales; form elongate-oval.

637. BIVITTATUS.
act. Body unevenly scaly above.

I). Scales of upper surface forming lines on the elytral intervals.
c. Elytral punctures fine; sixth interval with a broad, dense line
of scales, abruptly terminating at basal fourth; white scales of
second interval not extending beyond apical fifth.

638. CRIBRK'OLLIS.

ce. Elytral punctures coarse and dense; sixth interval with a line of
large white scales extending fully to middle, then with nar-
rower, sparser and darker scales, nearly to apex; second inter-
val broadly clothed with large white scales from base to apex.

639. SQUAMOLINEATfS.

1)1). Scales of elytra not lineate in arrangement, but more or less de-
nuded.

(1. Body more broadly oval; front coxa? separated by nearly one-half
their own width. 640. CVRTICOJ.LIS.

(1(1. Body narrow and linear.

e. Scales of thorax broadly and abruptly dense towards the sides,
the median glabrous area about one-third the whole width.

641. ALBESCEXS.

ee. Scales of thorax sparse and nearly evenly distributed, not at
all condensed on sides. 642. LIXEAKIS.

637 (8955). BAUI.M s IMYITTATUS Lee., 1878, 431.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining, with a faint violaceous lustre;
legs dark reddish-brown; vestiture above very minute except a broad stripe
each side, extending from apical margin of thorax to elytral apex, of large,
broad, densely placed yellowish-white scales; sterna beneath and margins
of abdomen similarly clothed. Beak stout, cylindrical, three-fourths as long
as thorax, coarsely punctured toward base. Thorax slightly wider than
long; sides near apex rounded and broadly and feebly constricted; disc
coarsely, not densely punctate, the smooth median line narrow, entire.
Elytra as wide and twice as long as thorax; striee fine, deep, not punctate;
intervals flat, their punctures very fine, sparse and confused. Tarsi very
broad, the hind ones as long as the tibiae, scaly above, densely pilose be-
neath. Length 5 — 5.3 mm.

"Northern Forida." Punta Gorda and I law Creek, Fla. St.
Catherine Island, Ga. Occurs on K<t</il/<iri<i. i XcJnfarz.)

638 (8953). BARI.M s CRIIIUICOLLIS Lee., 1876, 422.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, shining; legs slightly piceous; thorax
with a stripe each side composed of large white, densely placed scales; pale
scales of second and sixth elytral intervals as described in key, also arrang-
ed on third interval for a short distance behind the middle, and on fourth

TRIBE XVIII. BAKINI. 413

near base, and from basal to apical fourth; under surface with conspicuous
white scales in a small spot near front COXCP, on the sterna and toward sides
of abdomen. Beak short, thick, not more than two-thirds as long as thorax,
punctured on sides near base. First joint of funicle as long as the rest
united. Thorax as long as wide, its disc coarsely, deeply, not densely punc-
tate, the smooth line distinct on basal two-thirds. Elytra distinctly wider
and twice as long as thorax; intervals unequal in width, finely and some-
what confusedly punctate. Length 3.6 — 3.8 mm.

Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Enterprise, Fla. Recorded
also from Michigan and Ohio.

639 (11,206). BARINUS SQUAMOLINKATUS Casey, 1886, 256.

Elongate, subparallel, convex. Black, shining; antennae and legs dark
reddish-brown; upper surface in great part clothed with large white closely
placed scales, arranged transversely on sides of thorax, and obliquely on
the median intervals of elytra, the sides and suture of the latter and mid-
dle of thorax almost bare; beneath densely scaly along the sides. Beak
stout, very strongly curved, two-thirds as long as thorax, finely and densely
punctate near base, nearly smooth toward apex. Thorax subcylindrical, not
wider than long; sides straight and parallel to apical fifth, then feebly
constricted ; disc rather densely and evenly punctate. Elytra at humeri
slightly wider than thorax, then feebly converging to the narrowly round-
ed apex; striae fine, deep, remotely punctate; intervals each with a row of
rather coarse, close-set punctures. Length 3.1 — 3.7 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May oO. Known elsewhere only
from Illinois and Iowa. Differs from cribricollis in its less ro-
bust and strongly curved beak, smaller punctures and much
broader and more dense lateral stripe of thorax, and in the much
coarser, deeper and denser punctures of elytral intervals. Breeds
in the roots of a rush. (Pierce, 1010.)

640 (11,209). BAKIXUS CURTICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 673.

Narrowly oblong-oval, convex. Polished black, legs dark rufo-piceous;
vestiture of yellowish, elongate-oval scales arranged densely along the
lateral third of thorax and uniformly distributed but not dense on elytra;
beneath denser at sides of last three ventral segments. Beak as in the pre-
ceding, coarsely but sparsely punctate. Thorax short, two-fifths wider than
long, sides parallel and straight to apical third, then rounded and converg-
ing to apex; disc coarsely, rather sparsely punctate, the punctures round,
deep, perforate and isolated, the median smooth line narrow. Elytra
slightly wider and two and a half times as long as thorax; stria? deep; in-
tervals coarsely, confusedly, not densely punctate. Front coxae separated
by about one-half their width. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Recorded from District of Columbia, Missouri and Louisiana.

641 (8952). BARINUS ALBEHCEXS Lee., 1880, 218.

Elongate, subparallel, convex. Black, shining with a very faint vio-
laceous lustre, legs red; above clothed with yellowish-white scales, round
and dense towards the sides of thorax, elongate-oval and evenly distributed

414 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX .K.

on the elytra except in an apical and two submarginal spots on each which
are bare and shining; scales of middle of thorax and under surface very
small and sparse. Beak stout, curved, three-fourths as long as thorax,
naked, cylindrical, punctured near base. Basal joint of funicle as long as
the next five; club large, pale. Thorax slightly longer than wide, finely and
sparsely punctate, the median smooth line distinct. Elytra not wider at
base than thorax; striae fine, deep; intervals flat, smooth. Length 2.5 — 2.7
mm.

Westville. X. J. ; one specimen, .Inly 2. Oolnmbns. Texas.
Breeds in the stems of Cypeni* rirciis. (Pierce.)

642 (8952). BARIXUS LIXEARIS Lee., 18.76, 422.

Form of albescens. Black, alutaceous; above sparsely and evenly clothed
with small dirty white obovate scales, sparser along sides of elytra,
especially toward base and in a small discal spot near apex. Beak much
shorter than thorax, glabrous, punctate, very thick near base. Thorax not
quite as long as wide, deeply, densely, not coarsely punctate, the median
smooth line entire. Elytra slightly wider at base and more than twice
as long as thorax, parallel, narrowed in apical third, obtusely rounded at
apex; intervals flat, finely, confusedly and rather distantly punctate.
Length 3.7 mm.

Known only from Snmter Co., Florida.

XXX. KUULEPTOX. Lee., 1S7<>. Mir., Baris + "slender.")

Very slender, elongate species having' the beak thick, curved,
not longer than thorax, strongly compressed; head large, con-
vex, its under surface usually transversely excavated ; an term a I
grooves deep, beginning1 in front of middle near upper margin
and obliquely descending; first joint of funicle elongate, 2 — 1
nearly equal; prosternum broadly impressed, narrowly separat-
ing the coxiv; middle and hind tarsi longer than the tibire. their
second and third joints dilated; tarsal daw single, simple, mod-
erately stout. Two of the four known species occur with us.
They are said to be semi-aquatic in habits.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF BARILEPTOX.

a. Elytra at burner! not wider than base of thorax, the latter constricted

near apex; beak almost evenly curved. 643. FILIFORM i..

aa. Elytra at humeri wider than base of thorax; thorax less elongate,

suddenly narrowed and constricted near apex. 644. QUADRICOLLE.

643 (8951). BAHII.KPTOX KILIFORMK Lee., 1876, 319.

Elongate, subcylindrical, convex. Black, shining, legs brownish; upper
surface clothed with small yellowish-white scales, more condensed along
the sides. Beak naked, shining, punctured, shorter than thorax. Head thinly

TRIP.K XVIII. r.AUlXI. -115

pubescent, finely punctate. Thorax about as long as wide, rather densely,
not coarsely punctured, the scales lying transversely. Blytral striae fine;
intervals flat, alutaceous. Length 2.5 — 2.9 mm.

Kosciusko ( Nuiiity , hid., scarce; June 1*4 — !'.">. Taken by
sweeping marshy meadows. Masonville, X. .T. ; Jnne 10. Ranges
from New England to Michigan and Nebraska, south to District
of Columbia and Virginia.

644 (8954). BARILEPTOX QUADRICOLLE Lee., 1876, 423.

Form of filiformc but stouter. Black, shining, densely clothed with
pale scales narrow on thorax, broad and denser on elytra, moderately
dense on the abdomen; antennas and legs dark reddish-brown. Beak stout,
as long as thorax, punctured and scaly near the base. Thorax slightly wider
than long, widest at apical third; sides parallel from base to beyond middle,
then strongly rounded and constricted to apex; disc rather coarsely, uneven-
ly, not densely punctate, with a very narrow smooth median line. Elytra
at humeral umbones obviously wider than thorax; strife fine, deep; inter-
vals flat, coarsely, confusedly punctate. Length 3.1 — 3.3 mm.

Wells County, Ind., rare; .June 1. AYest Hoboken, X. J. ; one
specimen. Known elsewhere only from Michigan, southern Illi-
nois and Xebraska. Differs from filiformc by its larger size,
more robust outline, elytra wider than thorax and longer beak.

XXXI. Erxvssoiu.v Casey, 1S<>± ((Jr., "spiny" + "life.")

This generic name replaces Eucliwtcs Lee., which was preoc-
cupied. To it belongs a very singular insect having the beak ex-
tremely slender, cylindrical, strongly curved, abruptly inflated
behind the antenme; mandibles very short, thick, compressed,
bent upward and moving in a nearly vertical plane as in Bnl-
'iii in tin, the condyles being received in broad, deep fissures at the
sides of the buccal opening beneath, thus affording a broad base
for the attachment of muscles and forming a most effective
boring apparatus; antennae inserted beneath the beak, near basal
third, their grooves inferior, confluent behind, scape reaching
the eyes, first and second joints of funicle subequal in length,
3 — 7 much shorter; tarsi long, slender, the third joint not wider
than second, claws simple, divergent.

645 (8956). EUNYSSOUIA ECHIDNA Lee., 1876, 320.

. Oval, feebly convex, narrowed before and behind. Dark brown, densely
covered with a crust of pale, dark brown and whitish scales, intermixed
above with long, stiff, erect bristles, the pale brown scales covering the
thorax and base of beak, the whitish ones forming large patches at base and
smaller ones near apex of elytra and densely covering the legs and under

410 Sri'.FAMILY X. - CURCULIOXINJK.

surface. Beak three-fourths as long as body, female, shorter, male, its
outer two-thirds shining brown, very finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax
much wider than long, strongly constricted and tubulate at apex; disc very
uneven, a large circular impression each side near base. Elytra at base
distinctly wider than tnorax, sides converging from basal third to apex;
sculpture hidden by scales. Length 2.6 — 3.2 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., March 24; one .specimen at sap on maple
stump. Probably occurs throughout the southern half of State.
LeConte's type was from Illinois. "Ohio, Kentucky and Iowa,
apparently not rare and said to depredate upon hickory."
( Caftci/. ) "This curious little porcupine beetle was in clusters
on trunk of a dead beech tree, near Cincinnati, Sept. 27, 1900. I
took one cluster of 30; they very closely resemble the color of the
bark."

XXXII. PLOOAMUS Lee., 1870. (Or., "complicated.")

Allied to EuHijssali'ui but has the beak shorter, not abruptly
inflated, but gradually stouter near base; mandibles as in that
genus; funicle of antenna1 shorter, the second joint but slightly
longer than third; bristles of upper surface sparse and much
shorter.

G4G (8957). PLOCAMUS msPinrLus Lee., 1876, 320.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Black, antennae and legs reddish-
brown; surface densely clothed with large, grayish-brown and whitish scales
the pale ones covering the under surface and scutellum and forming a few
spots on elytra; the latter with a transverse piceous spot just behind the
middle. Beak as long as head and thorax, feebly curved, shining and sparse-
ly punctate beyond the middle, scaly near base. Thorax short, as wide as
long, sides feebly curved, constricted near apex; disc somewhat uneven, very
densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider and more
than twice as long as thorax; strige distinct, rather deep; intervals slight-
ly convex. Length 1.8 — 2.2 mm.

Xot yet recognized from, but should occur in, southern In-
diana. Xew Brunswick, Lakeliurst and Atco, X. J., July 4 — Aug.
21. Known from District of Columbia, Maryland, Ohio and Ken-
tucky. Breeds in the dead brandies of black locust infested
with Af/riliix larv.v. ( &<-Jnr<tr~. )

The following species of Barini described from the Eastern United
States have not been recently recognized:

Baridius confertus Boh., Schon., 1836, 728. Florida.
Centrinus pistor Germ.. Schon., 1836, 170. Kentucky.
Centrinus dUectus Harris, 1836, 80. Halsey's collection, No. 105, lo-
cality not recorded. "Possibly a large female of C. salebrosus." (Casey.)

TRIBE XIX. ZYGOPINI. 417

Tribe XIX. ZYGOPINI.

Small species of a peculiar facies principally distinguished by
their large eves which are nearly contiguous above and not cov-
ered in repose. In form they are either short, squat and sub-
rhomboidal or more elongate and subcylindrical. They have the
beak long, slender, feebly curved, and in repose usually lying in
a dec1]) prosternal groove; first and second ventrals long, the
others usually much shorter; abdomen rarely horizontal as in
most other rurculios, but sloping strongly and obliquely upward;
pygidium of our eastern genera completely concealed by the
elytra ; legs slender, front coxa? elongate and prolonged to a point
on the inner side; claws simple, divergent.

The name of the tribe is from the Greek zygops. meaning
"joined'' + "eyes". The adults, like certain Buprestids, often
rest motionless on the bark of felled or decaying trees. They
abound in the forest regions of tropical America and warmer
parts of the old world but none occur in Europe. About 30
species, distributed among seven genera, are known from the
United States. They have been treated in recent years by

Heller. K. M.— "Zygopiden Studien II," 1895.

Casey, T. L.— "Zygopini" in- Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897,

666—678.
Fall, H. C. — "New Species of American Coleoptera of the

Tribe Zygopini," hi Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXII, 1905,

53— Gl.

Of the 30 species, 11, belonging to five genera, are known
from the eastern United States.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF ZYGOPINI.

a. Abdomen rapidly ascending toward the tip; eyes narrowly separated

on the front.

&. Femora armed beneath with a small but distinct tooth; mesoster-

num excavated to receive the tip of beak I GELTTS.

5&. Femora unarmed beneath; mesosternum not excavated (except in

Eulechriops), the beak free at tip.

c. Antennal club well developed, distinctly pubescent; scales of body

broadly oval and nonstrigose; larger species, 2 — 4 mm. in

length. II. CYLINDROCOPTITRUS.

cc. Antennal club very small, subglabrous; scales elongate and stri-

gose; smaller, less than 2 mm. in length. III. EULECHRIOPS.

aa. Abdomen horizontal throughout; eyes scarcely separated above.

rl. Beak free throughout, the prosternal groove subobsolete; femora

minutely toothed; size larger, 3 — 4 mm. IV. ACOPTUS.

del Beak partially received in a shallow groove; femora not toothed;

smaller, less than 2 mm V. PSOMUS.

418

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

I. GELUS Casey, 1897. (Without meaning.)

This genus, proposed by Casey for the species usually listed
under Piazurus, is consolidated with Lechriops in the Biologia.
It comprises small, robust, subrhouiboidal forms having the beak
longer than head and thorax, rather shallowly and coarsely punc-
tate; antennae inserted near its middle, funicle 7-jointed, the
seventh joint subrotund, distinctly stouter than the sixth; club
slender, cylindrical, its basal joint as long as the next two com-
bined; elytra in our species much wider than thorax, narrowed
behind and rather thickly clothed with narrow oblong-oval scales;
leu's short and stout.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GELUS.

a. Thorax about as long as wide.

b. Elytra with a small but conspicuous white sutural spot; second
joint of funicle scarcely longer than first; length 2.3 — 3.1 mm.

647. OCULATUS.

bl). Elytra without sutural white spot; second joint of funicle twice
as long as first, equalling in length the four following united;
length 5.5 mm. 648. FLORIDANUS.

aa Thorax nearly twice as wide as long; white spot of elytra incon-
spicuous; length 1.7 mm. 649 SUBFASCIATUS.

647 (8809). GELUS OCULATUS Say, 1824, 308; ibid., II, 172.

Short, oval, subdepressed above. Black, rather thickly clothed with
rusty brown, white and black scales; the white ones
condensed to form a small spot each side of thorax
and a larger sutural spot behind the middle which,
however, extends only to first stria; a few scattered
scales across basal margin of elytra and a row of
very narrow ones in each stria also white; the
black scales form two rounded spots on base of
thorax and often a crossbar at its middle, also a
few scattered mottlings on sides of elytra; antennae
and tarsi pale reddish-brown. Thorax with sides
feebly rounded, disc densely and coarsely punctured,
the sculpture hidden by scales. Elytra suddenly
one-third wider than thorax, gradually narrowed
from base to tips, umbones prominent; striae narrow,
coarsely punctured; intervals wide, flat, coarselv

l-ig. 98. A, Beetle, X

10; B, outline, side view', punctured, the sculpture concealed by the scales

showing obliquely ascend-
ing abdomen. (Original.) which are distinctly smaller and narrower than

those of thorax. Length 2.3—3.1 mm. (Pig. 98.)

Frequent throughout Indiana; Apr. 21 — Sept. 20. Abundant
near New York City, May to September. Dunediu and Lake
Istokpoga, Fin.; Feb. 24 — April 4; taken especially by beating.

TRIBE XIX. ZYGOPINI. 419

foliage along the borders of marshes and hammocks. Ranges
from New England to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida and
Guatemala.

648 (— — ). GELUS FLORIDANUS Fall, 1905, 61.

"Dark brownish castaneous, rather obscurely mottled with white and
fulvous scales, which are of broader form than in oculatus. Eyes still
more narrowly separated than in oculatus. Blytral striae wider, the punc-
tures larger, leaving the intervals narrower, more convex and more irregu-
lar. Otherwise nearly as in oculatus. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2.2 mm."
(Fall.)

Key Largo and Elliott's Key, Florida.

649 (8810). GELUS SUBFASCIATUS Lee., 1876, 260.

Rather stout, ovate. Black, above thinly and irregularly clothed with
fine white hair-like scales, which form three broad stripes on thorax and
three transverse bands on elytra, one basal, surrounding a humeral dark
spot, one just behind the middle, the other near apex, the sutural white
spot therefore not very conspicuous; beneath thinly clothed with gray
scales; antennas brownish-yellow; hind femora with an indistinct dark
band. Beak brown, outer half nearly smooth, base punctured and striate.
Thorax gradually narrowed from base, very coarsely and densely punctured.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, humeri more rounded and less
prominent than in oculatus; striae wide, deep, punctured. Length 1.7 mm.

Described from New York without definite locality. Recorded
elsewhere only from Allegheny, Pa., by Hamilton.

II. CYLINDROCOPTURUS Heller, 1895. (cylindrical -j- Copturus.)

Small robust species, having the elytra only slightly wider than
thorax, the form therefore appearing more subcylindrical and less
rhomboidal than in Gelus; eyes a little more widely separated;
club of antenna? proportionately shorter and stouter, its basal
joint shorter than the other two combined ; beak rather long and
slender; antennae inserted about its middle, the second joint of
funicle longer than third ; femora not toothed ; abdomen with
the third, fourth and fifth ventrals subequal in length and
strongly ascending. Six species and one variety of the genus
are known from east of the Mississippi. They were treated under
the generic name Copturus Schon. by LeConte in the Rhyncho-
[ii.ora of North America, and so listed by Henshaw. Casey in
1897 proposed for them and 12 other forms the genus Copturodes,
characterizing it only by stating that it "differed from Gopturns
in its less rhombiform body, less unequal first and second funi-
cular joints and completely unarmed femora," and overlooking

SUBFAMILY X. - CURCULIOXIXJE,

the fact that Heller in ISO.") had proposed the name under which
we here place them.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CYLINDROCOPTURUS.

a. Form rather stout, the elytra distinctly less than one-half longer

than wide.

6. Body clothed throughout with large overlapping scales, which con-
ceal the entire surface; elytra each wifli a large dark spot.

650. BIXOTATUS.
66. Scales of body not overlapping; elytra without distinct rounded

dark spot.
c. White mottlings of upper surface not very distinct and not ar-

ranged to form well defined transverse bands on elytra.
d. Larger, 3.5 or more mm. in length. 651. orEKCULATUs.

(Id. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm.

e. Scales of elytra almost uniformly white, the condensed areas,

therefore, obscurely defined; thorax finely and densely

punctate; form narrow; length 2 mm. 652. FLORIDAXUS.

ee. Scales of ground color of elytra dark brown, the condensed

areas of white scales therefore more evident; form more

robust; length 2.2 — 2.5 mm. 653. XAXULUS.

cc. White mottlings of upper surface very distinct, especially on sides

of thorax, and forming two curved interrupted cross-bars on

elytra.

f. Scales of median area of thorax narrow or linear; posterior

offset of sutural white spot transverse. 654. QUERCUS.

/f. Scales of median area of thorax large and rounded; posterior

offset of elytral spot oblique. 654-a. var. FROXTALIS.

oo. Form elongate, more slender; elytra one-half or more longer than

wide; base of beak and under surface densely clothed with white

scales. 655. LONGTJLTJS.

650 (8817). CYLIXDROCOPTURUS BIXOTATUS Lee., 1876, 263.

Short, ovate, robust. Dark brown, above densely clothed with grayish-
brown scales; elytra each with a large, median, velvety dark brown spot
reaching fron second to seventh or eighth intervals; scales of under sur-
face and legs paler; beak dark brown, polished, very finely and sparsely
punctate. Thorax as long as wide, feebly narrowed and slightly constricted
in front. Elytra at base less than one-fourth wider than thorax, their sculp-
ture hidden by scales. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

vet known from Indiana .though doubtless occurs in the
southern counties. Frequent about New York City in June and
July on dry sumac and locust. Ranges from New York west and
south to Ohio, Georgia and Texas. Said by Tike to occur espe-
cially on the honey-locust, G-lcditsia trificantJios L.

651 (8811). CYLIXDROCOPTURUS OPERCULATUS Say, 1824, 308; ibid. II, 172.

Elongate-subcylindrical, robust. Black, above thinly clothed with dark

gray and white scales, the latter condensed on sides of thorax and forming

a few very small oblong spots on elytra; beneath densely clothed with sil-

TRIBE XIX. ZYGOPINI. 4-1

very gray scales. Beak a little shorter than head and thorax, feebly cari-
nate, sparsely and rather finely punctate. Thorax not longer than wide,
sides feebly curved: disc distinctly constricted near apex, coarsely and very
densely punctured, each puncture closed by an orbicular scale. Elytra at
base about one-fourth wider than thorax, thence feebly curved and converg-
ing to the rounded apex, umbones prominent; striae rather wide, marked
with close-set oblong punctures; intervals nearly flat, each with two irreg-
ular rows of punctures which are concealed by the narrow oval scales.
Length 3.5 — 4.5 mm.

Lake and Martin counties, Ind., rare; July 7 — July 30. Palos
Park, 111., June 11. Ranges from Indiana to Dakota and Colo-
rado, south to Arkansas and Texas. Pierce (1916) states that
it breeds in the sterns of Hi/nicnopappus, pupating in the larval
cells in the pith

652 (- -). CYLINDKOCOPTURUS FLORIDANUS Casey, 1897, 674.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, above densely clothed with pale brownish
and white scales, the former more evident each side of median line of
thorax, the white ones densely covering the head, basal parts of beak and
the greater part of the elytra, in places forming indistinct lines thereon. Eyes
at lower third separated by only about one-fourth their width. Thorax
not quite as long as wide, slightly wider at apical third than at base,
densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra about one-fourth wider and
three-fourths longer than thorax, the stria? rather coarsely punctured.
Length 2 mm.

Haw Creek, Fla. ; taken in numbers by Schwarz. ''Allied to
nautilus but differs in the extremely confused ornamentation,
smaller size and narrower form/' (Casey.}

653 (8812). CYLIXDROCOPTURUS NANUI/US Lee., 1876, 261.

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, above clothed with dark brown and
pale scales, the latter forming three ill-defined stripes on thorax; elytra
each with two faint dark clouds, one on the median third, the other near
tip, these separated by a pale sutural line and limited by pale bands; head,
base of beak and under surface more densely clothed with whitish scales.
Thorax slightly wider than long, widest at apical third, disc feebly con-
stricted near apex, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra as in
operculatus. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Harrison County, Ind., rare; June 11. Enterprise, Fla., June
8. Ranges from Ohio and Iowa to Maryland, Florida and Texas.

654 (8815). CYLINDROCOPTTJRUS QUERCUS Say, 1831, 20; ibid, I, 286.

Short, suboval, robust. Black, shining; under surface, sides of thorax
and base of beak densely clothed with rounded dirty white scales, which
also form a spot at middle of base of thorax and a sutural line and two in-
terrupted cross-bars on elytra; antenna^ dark reddish-brown. Beak slender,

422 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIN.^.

strongly curved, feebly carinate, finely, shallowly punctate. Thorax
slightly wider than long, disc feebly constricted near apex, coarsely and
densely punctured. Elytra at base about one-third wider than thorax,
sides parallel to behind middle, thence converging to the rounded apex; disc
sculptured as in operculatus. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of Indiana, May 10 — July 24;
mating on the former date; not taken north of Hamilton County.
Numerous localities near New York City, June 3 — August 9.
Ranges from New York, Michigan and Iowa south to Maryland
and Georgia. Occurs on oak.

654-a (— -). CYLINDROCOPTURUS QUERCUS FRONTALIS Casey, 1897, 674.

"Closely allied to quercus but differs in its slightly narrower form
and in having the scales on the median parts of the pronotum very large
and rounded, in quercus these scales are narrower and linear." Length 2.6
—2.9 mm. (Casey Mss.)

Marshall Co., Ind., rare ; June 24. District of Columbia. De-
scribed from Indiana without definite locality. C. covifrons
Casey, loc. cit., p. 675, is now regarded by its author as a syno-
nym of quercu*.

655 (8816). CYLIXDROCOPTURUS LONGULUS Lee., 1876, 263.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, densely clothed with very
small cupreous-brown and white scales, the white ones forming two or three
small basal and two lateral spots on thorax and a pattern of white mark-
ings on the elytra, the latter usually consisting of an irregular oblique
band extending from humerus to middle and a less oblique one behind the
middle, the two uniting at the suture, these bands sometimes broken into
isolated spots; antennae pale brownish-yellow; legs banded and mottled
with white. Beak rather stout, black, finely and sparsely punctate; second
joint of funicle one-half longer than third. Thorax scarcely longer than
wide, distinctly constricted near tip, disc finely and densely granulate-
punctate. Elytra about one-fourth wider and twice as long as thorax, their
sculpture concealed. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Tyngsboro, Mass., Apr. 15; Blanchard collection. Recorded
from Atco and Egg Harbor, N. J., where it was taken on oak.
Ranges from New England to Canada, Utah and California.
Scliwarz i'18!)4, 15) states that near Washington, D. C, ''the
larva? inhabit the galls of Podapion gallicola, but they are mere
messmates, and their presence is not detrimental to the welfare
of the author of the gall.'' The snltcuprcns of Casey is a syno-
nym, the dark scales of LeCoute's type of longulus haying a
strong cupreous tinge and the specimen otherwise fitting Casey's
description in nearly every particular.

TRIBE XIX. ZYGOPINI. 423

C. clispersus Casey, 1897, 678, is a variety of longulus described from
Canada and Kentucky, having the body stouter, the thoracic scales larger
and forming a denser and more even crust. The eyes are said to be almost
contiguous at or below the lower fourth of front, whereas in longulus they
are nearest at middle of front.

III. EULECHRIOPS Faust, 1800.
(Gr., "beautiful" -f "oblique" + "eye.")

This name has priority over Zygomicrus Casey, established
for Copturns ininutits Lee., which differs from the species of
Cylindrocopturus in the characters given in the generic key; also
in its eyes being less separated and in its shorter second funicular
joint, which is but slightly if any longer than third.

656 (8819). EULECHRIOPS MINUTUS Lee., J. E., 1824, 171.

Oblong-subcylindrical. Head and usually the thorax blackish, the
latter with a stripe each side and a small median basal spot of white scales;
beak, antenna?, legs, elytra, and sometimes the thorax, reddish-brown,
the elytra with a broad basal band, an oblique band behind middle, a nar-
row apical margin and an interrupted sutural line, of white scales; under
surface and legs thinly clothed with similar scales. Beak as long as thorax,
rather stout, curved, finely and sparsely punctate, scaly near base. Thorax
subcylindrical, as wide as long, coarsely and densely reticulate-punctate.
Elytra but slightly wider at base than thorax, sides parallel to middle,
thence feebly converging to apex, stria? fine, rather coarsely punctate; in-
tervals flat, finely rugose. Length 2 mm.

Orange Mts., Jamesburg, Highlands and Anglesea, N. J., July.
Jeannette, Pa. Highlands, N. C., June. Occurs mainly on oak ;
Ranges from New Jersey and western Pennsylvania, south to
Georgia

IV. ACOPTUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "without" -f "cut tail.")

Rather small, subcylindrical species having the beak as long
as thorax, cylindrical, curved ; antennae stout, inserted near its
middle, club large, the first joint forming two-thirds of its bulk ;
second joint of funicle shorter than first, equal to third ; ventral
surface nearly horizontal, its second segment half the length of
first, third and fourth shorter, subequal, fifth slightly longer,
broadly impressed.

657 (8820). ACOPTUS SUTURALIS Lee., 1876, 264.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, above densely clothed with hair-like
gray and blackish-brown scales, the latter covering the center of disc of
thorax and forming a broad dark band across the elytra at or just behind
their middle; suture from base to middle, and under surface densely clothed

424 SUBFAMILY X. UUKUULIOXIXJE.

with larger, more oval, silvery-white scales; beak, antennae and legs rerl-
dish-brown. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly rounded,
disc broadly constricted near apex, densely and coarsely punctate and with
an elevated line on its median third. Elytra nearly one-third wider than
thorax, broadly impressed on basal third, sides parallel to beyond middle,
thence rapidly converging to tips; striae deep, intervals flat, their sculpture
concealed. Length 3.2 — 4.5 mm.

Fountain Co. Intl., rare; May 12. Bowniauville, 111., Apr. 7.
Frequent near New York City in May and June. Ranges from
Canada and New England to Michigan, south to Georgia. Chit-
tenden (1S87, 217) states that it lives in the dead wood of beech
trees, the adults being found from March 27 to April 20 in com-
pany with the larvae. Occurs also on hop-hornbeam and hickory.

V. PSOMUS Casey, 1802. (Gr., "a bit or crumb." )

This genus is also represented by a single very small oval, al-
most glabrous species having the beak as long as head and thorax ;
antennae inserted at its basal third, very slender, first joint of
funicle longer than the next two, second longer than third, club
very small, feebly annulate; ventral segments subequal in length,
their sutures 'straight and deep; tibia? and tarsi very short, tarsal
claws small, divergent, obtusely toothed.

658 (11,076). PSOMUS POLITUS Casey, 1892, 459.

Short, oval, convex. Black, shining; clothed with a few bristling
hair-like scales, especially evident on the scutellum, flanks and base of
thorax, and around and between the eyes; antennae, tibiae and tarsi pale
reddish-brown. Beak smooth, shining, rather coarsely and sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax short, conical, about two-thirds wider than long, sides straight,
diverging from apex to base, disc sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra at
base nearly one-half wider than thorax, umbones prominent, sides parallel
for two-thirds their length, thence rounding to apex; striae fine, minutely
and distantly punctate; intervals subconvex, each with a row of very fine
seta-bearing punctures. Length 1.5 — 1.8 mm.

Described from Indiana without definite locality. Posey
County, rare ; June 4. One of the two specimens at hand is dark
reddish-brown, perhaps from immaturity. Recorded from Que-
bec, Canada; Hemlock Falls, Jamesburg and Chester, N. J. ; July
-August. Occurs commonly near Cincinnati, Ohio, on sprouts
of the white ash, Fra.rimis americanus L. June 1 — 25. (Diiri/.}

Tribe XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI.

This tribe comprises numerous small robust species having
the form broadly oval; beak cylindrical, not thickened at base;
antennae elbowed, usually inserted about the middle of beak, their

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI. 425

grooves on the sides and, except in Phytobii, directed against the
eyes; fnnicle 0- or 7 -jointed, club oval, pointed, pubescent and
annulated ; eyes rather large, finely granulated, well separated
and, except in Phytobii, more or less concealed in repose; thorax
usually wider than long, narrowed in front, its disc usually with
characteristic lateral elevations, capped by acute angulations or
short spines; scutellum wanting or very small; elytra broadly
oval, almost always distinctly wider at base than thorax; py-
gidium exposed, nearly perpendicular and (except in Monony-
cJins) with a transverse elevated line against which the tips of
the elytra rest ; prosternum grooved for the re'ceptiou of the beak
in repose, the groove sometimes extending backward even to
metasteruum ; first ventral segment longer than second, their
suture straight; second ventral prolonged at sides and, in some
genera, cutting off the third ; fifth ventral longer than either of
the two preceding; coxre all well separated; tarsi slender, the
third joint bilobed (except in Perentliis and Phytobitis] ; claws
variable. The males are distinguished by having the beak stouter
and less elongate, antennae less slender and usually inserted
nearer the apex, pygidium larger and fifth ventral subtruncate
and often foveate.

The scutellum being very minute or invisible, the scutellar
space or area is more or less concave and this, taken in connec-
tion with the short, broadly oval form and the short, subconical
and usually tuberculate thorax, give the members of the tribe an
aspect easily recognizable. They are more numerous in northern
regions and occur mostly on herbs in low wet places, the larva?
either inhabiting the seeds, seed-stalks or the stems of the plants.
Some of the species have been introduced from Europe ; and most
of the genera are represented in both continents, the tribe being
one of holoarctic distribution. The principal paper treating of
the species of this country is by

Dictz. Win. (1. — "Revision of the Genera and Species of Ceuto-
rhynchini inhabiting North America," in Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, 387—480.

In it are recognized 102 species, distributed among 18 genera.
Of these Gf> species belonging to IT genera, have been recorded as
occurring in our territory. For convenience of treatment the
genera are grouped into four subtribes, rather feebly distin-
guished as follows :

420 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

KEY TO SUBTR1BES OF CEUTORHYNCHINI.

a. Tarsi with a single claw; upper surface of pygidium of female deeply

excavated; larger, 4.5 — 5 mm. Subtribe I. MONONYCHI, p. 426.

aa. Tarsi with two claws; pygidium not excavated but carinate in front

and with transverse line for reception of tips of elytra; smaller,

less than 4 mm.

b. Pectoral groove extending behind the front coxa? into the mesoster-

num; second ventral segment prolonged at sides, cutting off the

third in most of the genera. Subtribe II. CCEUODES, p. 427.

66. Pectoral groove not extending behind the front coxae, sometimes

wanting; second ventral never prolonged.

c. Beak longer and slender, usually half the length of body; eyes
wholly or partially concealed by postocular lobes.

Subtribe III. CEUTORHYNCHI, p. 439.

cc. Beak stout, usually short; postocular lobes wanting (except in
genus CcrJogaster). Subtribe IV. PHYTOBII, p. 454.

Subtribe I. MOXOXYCHI.

In addition to the characters above given, onr single species
of this group has the beak long, cylindrical and in repose resting
in a deep groove which extends through both pro- and mesosterna
into the metasternum ; eyes partially hidden by postocular lobes ;
funicle 7-joiuted ; second ventral segment as long at middle as
third and fourth united; legs slender, tibia1 obliquely fringed at
the tip.

I. MONONYCHUS Germ., 1824. (Gr., "one" + "claw.")

659 (8825). MONONYCHUS VULPECULUS Fab., 1801, 450.

Broadly ovate. Black, shining; under surface, except the middle of
third and fourth ventrals, sides of thorax and basal third of suture densely
clothed with oval whitish-yellow scales; antenna? pale brownish-yellow.
Occiput and thorax coarsely, densely and shallowly punctate. Elytral
stria? shallow, punctate; intervals wide, flat, each with one or two rows of
large punctures. Male pygidium protuberant, fifth ventral strongly fove-
ate, middle and hind tibia? clawed at tip; female, pygidium strongly exca-
vated, fifth ventral very convex, tibiae unarmed. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Common throughout northern Indiana wherever its food
plant, the blue flag, Iris vcrsicolor L., occurs ; not taken south of
Marion Co. ; May 21 — June 29, mating on the former date. Fre-
quent near New York City, May to September. Ranges from New
England and Canada to Wisconsin, south to Georgia. The larva1
breed in the seed pods of 7m while the adult feeds upon the
pollen and buds. Our largest member of the tribe. The upper
surface is largely naked, though Pietz states that it is ''densely
clothed with black scales."

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHIXI.

427

Subtribe II. CCELTODES.

Species of small size having the eyes in repose more or less
covered by postocular lobes; beak cylindrical, slender, received
in a groove which extends back at least as far as the mesoster-
num; legs long and slender, femora stout, usually more or less
grooved on the outer side to receive the tibire in repose; third
joint of tarsi broadly bilobed, fourth with two claws which are
cleft or toothed. Eight genera were recognized by Dietz, all of
which are represented in our territory. Ccelogaster of the sub-
tribe Phytobii possesses many of the characters of this tribe.

Fig. 99. Structures of Ceutorhynchini. a, Front tibia
of Cncmogonus; b, hind tibia of Acantlwscelis citrtits; c,
front tibia of Aulcutcs cruraiis; d, antenna of Ccutorhyn-
clnis oT'alis; c, same of Pclenomus sulcicollis; f. tarsus of
Phytobius. (After Dietz.)

KEY TO GENEKA OI'1 SUBTRIEE CCELIODES.

Femora not toothed, grooved beneath for the reception of the tibiae;
second ventral segment shorter at the middle than the next two
united, prolonged backward at sides so that its posterior lateral
angle reaches the fourth segment, cutting off the third, which often
fails to reach the margin.
>. Tibiae flattened, toothed or angulated on the outer sides near the

base. (Fig 99, o.)

c. Pectoral groove extending onto the metasternum; thorax with
four large tubercles. II. CRAPONIUS.

cc. Pectoral groove not reaching onto the metasternum; thorax with
two obtuse tubercles. III. CNEMOGONUS.

b. Tibiae not flattened nor dentate near the base.
cl. Outer, apical angle of front tibiae prolonged in a toothed process.

IV. ACANTHOSCELIS.

dd. Outer angle of front tibiae not produced. (Fig. 99, c.)
e. Hind femora not conspicuously dilated.

/. Elytra without crests of erect scales. V. AULEUTES.

ff. Surface of elytra very uneven, with crests of erect scales.

VI. PELENOSOMTJS.

ee. Hind femora strongly dilated. VII. HYPOCCELTODES.

Femora toothed beneath, not grooved for the reception of the tibise
in repose; second ventral longer at the middle than the third and
fourth united, not prolonged at sides.

428

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

g. Elytra widest behind the middle; metasternum very short.

VIII. ACALLODES.

gg. Elytra not widened behind the middle; metasternum of moderate
length. IX. CCELIODES.

II. CRAPONIUS Lecv 1870.

Beak rather stout, curved, punctured; antennae inserted at
middle, male, two-fifths from base, female; second joint of funicle
as long as the next three united; tooth of tarsal claws slender,
acute, half as long as the claw. One species is known.

680 iSSl'C). CRAPONIUS IN^UALIS Say, 1S3.1. i!0; ibid, I, 286.

Broadly oval, very robust. Dark brown or piceous, rather thickly
clothed above with dark brown and whitish scale-like hairs, the latter ar-
ranged to form very small spots or transverse lines on elytra; antennae
and legs dark reddish-brown. Beak stout, shorter than thorax, coarsely,
densely and shallowly punctate. Thorax short, conical, constricted near
apex; disc coarsely and closely punctate, with an entire median groove,
each side of which are two large tubercles. Elytra at base nearly two-

f

Fig. roo. Craponius incrqualis Say. a, Beetle from above, X Io;
b, head, beak and antenna from side; c, side view of beetle; d, larva
from above; c, same from below: /, pupa showing beak concealed in pro-
sternal groove. (After Quaintance & Shear.)

thirds wider than thorax, deeply impressed on basal third; strife narrow,
punctate; alternate intervals elevated and interrupted, thus causing the
surface to appear very rough or unequal and mimicing mummied grapes
or caterpillar excrement. Beneath coarsely punctured, each puncture
bearing a narrow whitish scale. Last ventral of male with a deep circular
fovea. Length 2.4 — 3 mm. (Fig. 100.)

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHIKI. 429

Steuben, Marshall and Putnam counties, Ind., probably
throughout the State; June 11 — Sept. 25. Frequent near New
York (Mty in May and June. Ormond, Eustis and Dunedin,
Fla. ; Feb. 11 — April 13. Ranges from New England to Minne-
sota, south to Florida, being apparently most abundant in the
Ohio valley states and Missouri, where it becomes of sufficient
economic importance to have inspired special bulletins by Walsh
and Brooks, and more or less extended notices by numerous
other economic entomologists. Known as the "grape curculio" or
"grape-seed curculio," as it occurs on both wild and cultivated
grapes, the adults feeding on the green upper layer, or epidermis,
of the leaves, leaving numerous minute transverse marks (made
by the jaws in scraping) of a whitish color, that late in the fall
cause the foliage to look parched. No serious injury results from
such feeding by adults but the larvae are destructive to the fruit.
The eggs are laid singly in punctures made by the beak in the
grape, the young larva? penetrating to the seed within a few days,
and eventually causing the grape to drop to the ground in
which, at a depth of a half inch or less, the insect pupates in an
earthen cocoon. It takes an average of six days for the egg to
hatch, 18 for the larva to reach full size and 18 more for pupa-
tion, while the period of adult life is said to average slightly
over a year. The number of eggs laid by each female during her
long life is more than 250. While many natural enemies tend to
keep its numbers down, the long adult life and large egg-laying
capacity make serious outbreaks always possible, and Brooks
quotes statements of grape growers showing losses of 50 per
cent, of the crop. The most effective remedy is bagging the fruit,
which is said to cost $2.00 per thousand bunches, and to afford
protection from rot as well as from curculio.

Walsh (1808) says of imn/iniJis: "The least touch will fetch
them off the vine; for this whole group of roundish snout beetles
(Ceutorhynchids) drop to the ground when alarmed more readily
even than the plum curculio. Indeed I have repeatedly observed
that they will often drop as soon as they see you looking at them,
although the plant on which they are sitting be not touched at
all." Brooks, however, records that, while the female was ovipos-
iting, he removed the grape and, through his hand lens, watched
the completion of her task.

III. r.xKMoooNus Lee., 187(5. (Or., "leg" + "angle.")

From Craponius this genus is separated by having the pectoral
groove shorter; tibia? flattened, with a large triangular tooth

430 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINjB.

near the base (Fig. 99, a), not grooved for the reception of the
tarsi, the outer apical angle of the front pair produced in a pro-
cess ; tarsal claws with a short acute tooth. One species is known
which in collections has been found mixed with Rhinoncus
pyrrliopus. The large tooth of the tibiae is, however, readily seen
if looked for.

661 (- -). CNEMOGONUS LECONTEI Dietz, 1896, 392.

Stout, trapezoidal. Dark brown to piceous, densely clothed above with
blackish scales mixed with short whitish pubescence; condensed in a cruci-
form scutellar spot and less defined smaller spots on disc of elytra. Beak
subcarinate, punctured. Thorax strongly constricted near apex, disc dense-
ly, finely punctured, more coarsely toward base; dorsal channel distinct
in basal two-fifths, with a small obtuse tubercle each side. Elytra less
than one-third wider at base than thorax; striae wide, with shallow remote
punctures; intervals, except the two or three outer ones, each with a row of
minute transverse tubercles. Under side coarsely punctured, each puncture
bearing a pale scale. Last ventral of male with a coarsely punctured fovea;
that of female transversely impressed before its apical margin. Length
3.3—4 mm.

Whiteface Mt, Adirondacks, N. Y., July 1 — 13; found on the
summit apparently floated up by air currents from the woods
below. Recorded from Ontario, Canada; Hazelton, Pa.; Michi-
gan and the Lake Superior Region, and Great Slave Lake, B. C.

IV. ACANTHOSCELIS Dietz, 1896. (Gr., "spine" + "tibia.")

The species comprising this genus were formerly included
with Coeliodes, from which genus they differ especially in the
form of the ventral segments and in the front tibi;p being pro-
longed outwards at tip. They have the beak nearly straight,
shorter and more cylindrical in the male; thorax constricted
near apex and with small acute tubercles on the sides; scutellum
not visible; pectoral groove not reaching metasternum ; third ven-
tral narrowed at ends but reaching the side margin.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ACANTHOSCELIS.

a. Middle and hind tibiae stout and distinctly widened and toothed to-
ward apex (Fig. 99, 6.) ; upper margin of eye elevated; intervals of
elytra convex. 662. CURTXIS.

aa. Middle and hind tibiae more slender, not toothed or widened toward

apex.

b. Tarsi broad; upper margin of eye not raised above the level of the
front; intervals of elytra flat; larger, 3 — 3.7 mm.

663. ACEPHALUS.

b&. Tarsi slender; upper margin of eye slightly elevated; outer joints
of funicle widened; smaller, 2.7 — 3 mm. 664. MENDICUS.

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI. 431

662 (8828). ACANTHOSCELIS CURTUS Say, 1831, 29; ibid. I, 298.

Broadly oval, robust. Dark piceous, rather densely clothed with small
brown scales mottled with spots of pale scales, which form a transverse row
verse row of four spots and another behind apical margin of three spots;
surface of elytra mottled pale and dark; antennae and legs reddish-brown.
Thorax convex, less than one-half wider than long, disc densely punctured
and with a small acute tubercle each side of the dorsal channel, the latter
distinct only hear base. Elytra at base two-fifths wider than thorax, striae
with large punctures partly concealed by scales; alternate intervals
wider and a little more convex. Male with the fifth ventral feebly im-
pressed. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Frequent throughout southern Indiana, not yet taken in the
northern counties; May 16 — July 13. Occurs near New York
City on Poly go-mi m in swamps. Ranges from New England to
Montana and Arizona.

663 (8835). ACANTHOSCELIS ACEPHALUS Say, 1824, 309; ibid, II, 173.
Broadly oval. Blackish, above nearly uniformly clothed with grayish-
yellow scales, which give it a distinct grizzly appearance; antennae and
legs dark reddish-brown; beneath clothed with large oval ashy-gray scales.
Beak as long as thorax, rather stout, cylindrical, entirely scaly in male,
more slender with apical half shining in female. Thorax two-thirds wider
than long, sides rounded; dorsal channel distinct only at base, the lateral
tubercles small, obtuse. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax,
scarcely as long as wide, distinctly narrowed behind; striae coarse, their
punctures small. Male with ventral segments 2 — 5 broadly impressed and
clothed with elongate grayish scales. Length 3 — 3.7 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, May 23 — August 2, in the axils
of the leaves of the evening primrose, Onayra biennis L. Com-
mon all along the shore of New Jersey, May to September, on the
same plant. "Lives on Polyyoninn especially P. lu/dropipcr."
(Hamilton.} Ranges from Canada and New England to Michi-
gan, Colorado and Kansas, south to Georgia.

664 (— — ). ACANTHOSCELIS MENDICUS Dietz, 1896, 400.

Oblong oval. Dark piceous, legs rufo-piceous; above clothed with dark
brown and pale gray scales, the pale ones of thorax forming a median trans-
of four spots just behind the middle, and a number of small spots and ob-
lique lines on elytra; scales of under surface large, dirty white. Thorax
as long as wide at base, widest behind the middle, tubercles minute, disc
closely and rather finely punctured; dorsal channel well impressed only
at base. Elytra nearly one-third wider at base than thorax, about as long
as wide; striae v/ide, deeply, closely and distinctly punctate; intervals con-
vex. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Rabun Co., Georgia, July. Described from Georgia, Florida
and Columbus, Texas. "Recognized by the predominant dark
brown color of its scales, small size and distinctly widened outer

432 SUBFAMILY X. — CURCULIOXIX.E.

joints of antennal fuuicle, the seventh joint being twice the
thickness of second." (Dictz.) A series of curtns collected in
Virginia and Maryland in June, seems to indicate a possibility
that nioidicus may prove merely a southern race of that species.

V. AULEUTES Dietz, 1806. (Gr., "sulcate.")

Small robust forms, rarely over 3 mm. in length, having the
beak rather stout, cylindrical, feebly curved; eyes with elevated
orbital margin, partly or wholly concealed in repose; thorax with
distinct lateral tubercles; pectoral groove deep, usually extend-
ing upon the metasterunm. They are dark colored insects, thinly
clothed with a fine scale-like pubescence and mainly separated
from Coc-Hodcs, with which they were formerly grouped, by the
short second ventral and the grooved unarmed femora.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF AUI.EUTES.

a. Metasternum distinctly excavate and emarginate, forming the hind

limit of the pectoral groove,
b. Elytra evidently roughened; front not concave; fore and middle

tibiae not subangulate near base.
c. Fimicle 7-jointed.

d. Claws armed with a long slender tooth; eyes only partly con-
cealed in repose; larger, 2 — 3 mm.

e. Alternate elytral intervals slightly wider, more convex and
more conspicuously tuberculate; brownish-black mottled
with white. 665. ASPER.

ee. Intervals nearly equal.

f. Stouter; thorax scarcely wider than long; elytral tubercles

more obvious. 666. TENUIPES.

ff. Less robust; thorax distinctly wider than long. 667. ATER.

(Id. Claws with a short tooth; eyes wholly concealed in repose;

smaller, not over, 2 mm.

g. Black, elytra with a white cruciform scutellar spot and short
cross-bar each side. 668. SUBFASCIATUS.

gg. Dark brown, suturai spot and scattered erect scales, white.

669. TACHYGOXOIDES.

cc. Funicle 6-jointed; alternate intervals of elytra strongly elevated.

670. MARIOXIS.

ltt>. Elytra without evident -Asperities; front concave between the eyes;

fore and middle tibiae subangulate near base (Fig. 99, c.) :

elytra with a cruciform scutellar spot. G71. CRVRALIS.

aa. Metasternum not or very feebly emarginate, not entering into the

formation of the pectoral groove; elytra not roughened; scales

brownish, mottled with white. 672. XEBULOSUS.

665 (8830). ArLEUTES ASPER Lee., 1876, 270.

Broadly oval, robust. Dark brown or blackish; thorax with some
scattered white scales and elytra with indistinct scutellar spot and

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI. 433

more conspicuous mottlings of whitish scales; antennae and legs reddish-
brown. Beak rather short, stout, carinate, striate each side, coarsely punc-
tured and pubescent. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides feebly round-
ed, disc broadly, not distinctly constricted near apex, densely not coarsely
punctured, the dorsal channel distinct only on basal third. Elytra one-
third wider at base than thorax, about as long as wide, deeply striate; inter-
vals wider than the strios, convex, each with a row of small, distant, acute
tubercles. Outer apical angles of front tibia? with a small spine. Length
2 — 2.5 mm.

Pulaski Co., Ind., rare; July 16. Beaten from huckleberry.
Nelson Co., Va., Aug. 3. Ottawa, Canada, May 13. Ranges from
Canada and District of Columbia to Montana, south to Kansas
and Connecticut. Known also from Maine and Massachusetts.

666 (8829). AULEUTES TENUIPES Lee., 1876, 270.

Oval, robust. Above pitchy-black, very thinly clothed with fine pale
pubescence, mixed with white scales, the latter forming on elytra a cruci-
form scutellar spot (often indistinct) and another oblique, more or less
interrupted spot about two-fifths from base; under surface more densely
scaly, coarsely, not closely punctured; antennae and tarsi dark reddish-
brown. Beak cylindrical and punctured throughout, male, slightly tapering
and smooth toward tip, female. Thorax with disc very coarsely and closely
punctured, its lateral tubercles acute, dorsal channel deep toward the base.
Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, striae wide, deep, coarsely
punctate; intervals each with a row of small acute granules bearing short
seta-like hairs. Front tibiae without apical spine. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Putnam Co., Ind., rare; Sept. 25. Watatic Mt., Mass., Sept.
3. Litchfield, Conn., Orange Mts., N. J., and West Point, N. Y. ;
June 27 — August 28. Ottawa, Canada, June 20. Ranges from
New England and Canada to Missouri, Georgia and Texas. Pierce
(1907, 270) states that at Dallas, Texas, it breeds in the buds of
Hartweg's primrose, Galpiiisia liartwegi Benth., and pupates in
the ground, the time from egg to adult comprising about 24 days.

667 (- -). AULEUTES ATEK Dietz, 1896, 405.

Short, very robust. Brownish-piceous. "Differs from temtipes in being
subrhomboidal, more strongly narrowed posteriorly. Beak a little shorter;
thorax distinctly wider than long, more rounded on sides, dorsal channel
quite obvious, nearly entire. Elytral intervals not distinctly tuberculate,
but with rows of close-set, very minute, acute asperities. Scutellar spot
not cruciform, confined to the sutural interval. Length 3 mm." (Dietz.)

Steuben Co., Ind.; June 17. Described from Hazelton, Pa.,
and Texas. Occurs in swampy meadows, also on Epilobimu.

668 (- -). AULEUTES SUBFASCIATUS Dietz, 1896, 406.

Broadly oval. Pitchy black; above thinly clothed with fine, short pub-
escence; elytra with a cruciform spot of white scales, its transverse bar

434

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.E.

being about one-third from base and narrowly separated from an inter-
rupted cross-bar a little behind the middle; antennae, tibiae and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak stout, cylindrical, as long as thorax, coarsely striate-
punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long, broadly, not strongly constrict-
ed near apex; disc coarsely, closely and deeply punctured, lateral tubercles
distinct, dorsal channel ill-defined. Elytra one-third wider at base than
thorax, not longer than wide, humeri prominent; striae deep, punctate;
intervals convex, each with a row of small acute granules bearing con-
spicuous seta?; under side coarsely punctate. First ventral of male with a
small rounded, deeply impressed fovea. Length 1.7 — 2 mm. (Fig. 101. A.)

Fig. 101. A, Aulcutcs snbfasciatns Dietz; B, Pclcnosomus cristatus Dietz; C, Hypo-
cceliodcs ulkei Dietz; D, Acallodes ventricosus Lee. (After Dietz.)

Steuben Co., Ind., rare; July 5. Edgebrook, 111., May 6.
Alexandria, Va., Sept. 2. Ranges from Maryland and Detroit,
Michigan, to South Carolina and Alabama. ''Easily recognized
by its robust form, small size, long and stout beak, prominent
postocular lobes, elytral ornamentation and short tooth of claws."
(Dietz.)

669 (-

-). AULEUTES TACHYGOXOIDES Dietz, 1896, 407.

Resembles subfasciatits but with much shorter, more finely sculptured
beak and large, scattered white, erect scales on elytra; the latter also with
a conspicuous white line on the sutural interval extending about one-third
its length. Last ventral of male without fovea. Length 1.7 — 2 mm.

Lake Ashley and Jacksonville, Fla. Mobile, Ala., July. De-
scribed from District of Columbia and Texas.

670 (-

-). ATJLEUTES MARIONIS Fall, 1913, 68.

Broadly oval, robust. Pitchy brown, thinly clothed with very short
brownish hairs with short intermixed whitish ones which form small scat-
tered spots on elytra. Beak stout, as long as thorax, feebly striate, coarse-
ly and densely punctate. Funicle 6-jointed, first three joints subequal in
length, first stouter, second and third each longer than fourth and fifth
together. Thorax distinctly wider than long, narrowed and deeply con-
stricted near apex, disc densely and rather coarsely punctate; dorsal chan-
nel entire, lateral tubercles small, acute. Elytra at base three-fourths wid-
er than thorax, fully as wide as long; strise coarsely punctate; alternate in-
tervals wider and strongly elevated, roughened with small acute granules.
Tarsal claws with a short acute tooth. Length 2.3 mm.

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI. 435

Described from a single specimen taken at Marion, Massa-
chusetts. Closely resembles Cni/tonius iuwqiialis bnt differs in
generic characters. Our only eastern species having 6-jointed
funicle.

671 (8831).AuLEUTES CBURALIS Lee., 1876, 270.

Oval, robust. Dark, piceous, above mottled with small white scales;
which on the elytra form a cruciform scutellar mark, two or three distinct
spots arranged in an oblique -line just behind the middle and scattered
spots near apex; suture rarely wholly white; under side sparsely scaly.
Beak as long as thorax, rather slender, curved, cylindrical, bistriate, punc-
tured; entirely scaly, male; bare toward apex, female. Thorax one-half wider
than long, rounded on the sides, broadly and rather strongly constricted
near apex, closely and coarsely punctate; median channel entire, broad,
not deep, lateral tubercles acute. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than
thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight, converging behind middle;
intervals convex, wider than the striae, the latter with small, close-set
punctures. Length 2.2 — 2.25 mm.

Springfield, Framingham and Tyngsboro, Mass., July 7 — 16;
Paris, Maine, July 7. Recorded also from Orange Mts. and Hud-
son Co., N. J., in swamps. Ranges from Anticosti Island, New-
foundland and Lake Superior to Utah, south to Pennsylvania
and Texas. Placed by Dietz as a synonym of the European
species A. epilolnl Payk, but comparison with undoubted speci-
mens of the latter in the Leng and U. S. National Museum col-
lections show epiloMi to be a much larger and more convex
species, with broader and less constricted thorax and with the
white markings of the elytra much less distinct.

672 (8832). AULEUTES NEBULOSUS Lee., 1876, 271.

Broadly oval. Dark brown or piceous, thinly clothed with fine brownish
scales with a distinct coppery lustre, and mottled with spots of larger whit-
ish-scales, which form on the elytra a faint post-scutellar spot, an interrupted
curved median cross-bar and some irregular spots on apical third; antennae,
tibia? and tarsi pale reddish-brown; under side closely and rather coarsely
punctate, each puncture bearing a small, oval scale. Beak longer than tho-
rax, finely striate and punctate, smooth toward tip in female. Thorax one-
half wider than long, strongly narrowed in front, its apex emarginate with
an acute cusp each side, lateral tubercles distinct, surface densely and
coarsely punctured. Elytra two-fifths wider at base than thorax, striae
narrow, marked with close-set punctures; intervals wider than striae,
feebly convex, finely granulate toward apex. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Steuben, Starke and Marshall counties, Ind., scarce; May 10

—June 10 ; beaten from oak. Throughout New Jersey, March to

September; not common. Dunedin and Ft. Myers, Fin.; Jan. 2f>

436 SUBFAMILY X. CURCTJLIOXIN.-K.

March 27. Ranges from Canada and New England to Washing-
ton, south to Florida and Mississippi. Occurs on miscellaneous
vegetation near water. (Harrington.) Easily known by its
small size, coppery lustre and truncate metas ternum.

VI. PELENOSOMUS Dietz, 1806. (Gr., Peleuomus + "body.")

The only known species of this genus closely resembles certain
forms of Pch'innnns but differs by the longer beak, the pectoral
groove extending onto the niesosternum and the strongly toothed
claws. From Aiilciitcs, to which it is closely related, it is sepa-
rated by the great irregularity of the thorax, the tufts and crests
of erect scales on the elytra and the dense scaly covering.

673 (— — ). PELENOSOMUS CEISTATUS Dietz, 1896, 411.

Oval. Dark piceous, antennae, tibias and tarsi reddish-brown; above
densely clothed with small grayish- white and brown scales; elytra with
crests of erect seal-brown scales interrupted by spots and short lines of
white depressed ones, a basal line on sutural interval of very dark velvety
scales, and an ill-defined brownish oblique fascia extending from humerus
to behind the middle. Beak slightly shorter than thorax, gradually widened
from base to apex, densely punctured and pubescent. Thorax about as
long as wide, dorsal channel distinct; disc densely, not coarsely punctate,
with two small cusps on front margin and a ridge and oblique groove on
each side. Elytra two-fifths wider at base than thorax, sides straight and
parallel to near middle, then obliquely narrowed to apex; striae fine,
feebly impressed, their punctures hidden by a row of scales; intervals
flat. Under surface rather coarsely punctured, sterna densely scaly.
Length 1.8—2.2 mm. (Fig. 101, B.)

Mobile, Ala., March 28; one specimen in Leng collection taken
by Loding. The type, a male from the District of Columbia, is
in the Ulke collection.

VII. HYPOCCELIODES Faust, 1896. (Gr., "sub" + Cceliodes.)

Broadly oval, very convex species having the hind femora
greatly enlarged;* beak stout, curved; pectoral groove extending
ii] ton the nietasternum ; second ventral shorter than the two fol-
lowing united, prolonged backwards at sides ; hind coxa1 widely
separated; femora deeply grooved for the tibia1 in repose; tarsal
claws with a long acute tooth. Faust's name antedates OrcJics-
tomcrus Dietz bv a few months.

*Champion says this perhaps indicates saltatorial powers and mentions that the
European Rhinoncus perpendicularis, with less thickened femora, can jump a consider-
able distance. Hypoc'ccliodes is well represented in Mexico, where fresh specimens are
often more or less coated with a waxy fulvous secretion as in Li.i'iis.

TRIBE XX. - CEUTORHYNCHINI. 437

674 ( - ). HYPOCCELIODES ULKKI Dietz, 1896, 413.

Pitchy-brown, above sparsely clothed with white scales, forming a
spot on thorax in front of each obtuse lateral tubercle and a cruciform
scutellar spot and ill-defined spots and bands on elytra; humeri white; an-
tennee and tarsi brownish-yellow. Beak cylindrical, striate and punctured
on basal half, pubescent throughout. Thorax nearly one-half wider than
long, sides broadly rounded; ocular lobes prominent; disc closely punctured,
the dorsal channel distinct only on basal half. Elytral striae deep, wide,
closely punctured; alternate intervals wider, punctate. Length 2.7 mm.
(Fig. 101, C.)

Known also from a single male from New York, now also in
the Ulke collection.

VIII. ACALLODES Lee., 1876. (Gr., "without" + "beauty.")

Kobust, ovate or pear-shaped species having the funicle 7-
jointed, its first joint stout, second elongate, slender, 3 — 7 short;
thorax with prominent ocular lobes but without lateral tubercles ;,
front coxae prominent, hind ones widely separated; claws armed

with a long tooth.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ACALLODES.

a. Thorax scarcely wider than long, not wider at base than at middle;

elytra with a well defined dark median cross-bar.

l>. Elytra distinctly longer than wide. 675. VENTRICOSUS.

bb. Elytra not longer than wide. 676. LYSIMACHI/E.

aa. Thorax much wider than long, widest at base; elytra as wide or

wider than long, their dark cross-bar very faint. 677. SALTOIDES.

675 (8836). ACALLODES VEXTRICOSTS Lee., 1876, 272.

Ovate, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with
narrow whitish hair-like scales which form pale median and lateral lines
on thorax and an elongate white scutellar spot, a sub-oblique cross-bar
before the middle and a transverse one on apical third of elytra, the space
between the two bars a little darker; antenna? and tarsi pale reddish
brown. Beak stout, curved, as long as thorax, slightly widened toward
tip, strongly punctured, glabrous. Thorax slightly wider near base than
long, sides rounded on basal half, disc broadly constricted near apex, densely
and coarsely punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax, distinct-
ly longer than wide, widest behind the middle, thence rapidly converging to
the conjointly rounded apex; striae deep, coarsely punctured; intervals con-
vex, rugose. Length 2.8 — 4 mm. (Fig. 101, D. )

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 30. Edgebrook and Beverly
Hills, near Chicago, 111.; May 21 — June 14. Haiuden, Conn.;
June 14. Numerous records near New York City; May to July.
LeConte described it from two specimens, yet said it occurred in

438 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

the "Middle and Western States." Dietz gives its range as
Eastern, Middle and Southern States. Recorded heretofore defi-
nitely only from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Dis-
trict of Columbia, usually as rare; probably a member of the
Alleghenian fauna. Taken by Dietz on apple trees in August.

676 (— — ). ACALLODES LYSIMACHI.E Fall, 1913, 67.

Closely allied to ventricosus. Reddish to dark brown, the elytral bands
of narrow whitish scales made up of elongate spots on the intervals, but
not more advanced on the alternate intervals as in ventricosus. Elytra
shorter, more convex, not perceptibly longer than wide; humeri more nar-
row. Femora more feebly toothed. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Sherborn, Mass. ; May 16. Described from Tyngsboro, Mass.,
where it occurs abundantly in September on the bulb-bearing
loose-strife, Li/siuiacJiin tcrrcMris L.

677 (— — ). ACALLOUES SALTOIDES Dietz, 1896, 416.

Broader and more convex than ventricosus. Ground color as there,
the white markings of elytra very faint. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, two-fifths wider at base than apex, dorsal channel less distinct, disc
much more finely punctured. Elytra wider at middle than long, humeri
absent, sides strongly rounded; striae deep, almost as wide as the intervals.
Under surface and pygidium very coarsely punctate. Length 2.8 — 3.3 mm.

Described from Minnesota. Known also from Plummer's Is-
land, Md., ("larksville, Tenn., and Iowa.

IX. CCELIODES Schon., 1837. (Or., "swollen.")

Dietz, in his "Revision of the Ceutorhynchini," so split up
and dismembered this genus that it contained as he left it but
two known North American species. They are oval robust forms
having the beak slender, curved, longer than thorax; eyes wholly
concealed in repose; elytra wider at base than thorax, not
widened behind the middle; pectoral groove limited behind by
the metasternum ; second ventral longer at middle than the next
two united, third not narrowed at the ends and reaching the
side margin of abdomen ; femora toothed beneath.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CCELIODES.

a. Tubercles of thorax wanting; elytra with tips and a spot each side
pale. 678. FLAVICAUDIS.

aa. Thorax with distinct lateral tubercle; elytra without pale spots.

679. vrnosus.

678 (8834). CCELIODES FLAVICAUDIS Boh., Schon., 1844, 397.

Oblong-oval, robust. Dark brown, thickly clothed above with small,
narrow 1 rown, and larger, more oval whitish-yellow scales, the latter

TRIBE XX. CEUTOKIIYXCIIIXI. 439

covering the sides and forming a narrow median line on thorax, and on ely-
tra arranged in a sutural line on basal third, with an oblique spot near
middle of sides and a narrow irregular apical cross-bar more conspicuously
whitish; antenna?, tibiae and tarsi paler reddish-brown; under surface thickly
clothed with large oval, dirty white scales. Beak densely punctured, finely
carinate. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides strongly rounded; disc
deeply constricted near apex, densely and finely punctate, its dorsal chan-
nel entire, deep except at middle. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than
thorax, sides broadly rounded; striae deep, finely punctate, each puncture
closed by a pale scale; intervals wide, nearly flat. Males with fifth ventral
transversely impressed and middle and hind tibise clawed at tips. Length
2.7—3.3 mm.

Lake, Steuben, Koscinsko and Lawrence counties, Ind.,
scarce; May 10 — June 10. Near Shrewsbury, N. J., on nettle,
Urtica dioica L. Ranges from New England and Canada west
and southwest to Wisconsin, Colorado and Texas. This species,
known in collections and listed by Henshaw under the above
name, was redescribed by Dietz under the name apicalis, he
claiming that Boheman's description was "utterly inapplicable
in all essential points save one to the insect in hand." Be that
as it may, there is no other species of the tribe so colored as to
have the name flavicaudls applied to it, and until Boheman's
type is shown by actual examination to be something else we
deem it best to retain the name by which it is best known. Speci-
mens in the Cambridge collection are labelled "C. cardmi Herbst"
in LeConte's writing.

679 (- -). CCELIODES VITIOSUS Dietz, 1896, 418.

"Oval, elliptic, convex. Dark piceous; antenna?, tibiae and tarsi rufo-
piceous; scales on under side larger, nearly round, dirty gray, not crowded;
above clothed with much smaller oval grayish-brown scales." Otherwise
much as in flavicaudis. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from a single male taken at Hazelton, Pennsylvania.
Subtribe III. CEUTOIUIYXCIII.

Small robust species primarily distinguished by the long, slen-
der, curved beak, usually nearly half the length of body, and the
short pectoral groove which does not extend behind the front
coxre but is sharply limited by acute antecoxal ridges. In addi-
tion, they have the eyes rounded, widely separated above, and
wholly or partially covered in repose by the postorular lobes;
thorax narrowed in front, generally constricted near apex; elytra
not much wider at base than thorax, striate and punctate ; second

440 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXJE.

ventral not prolonged backwards at sides, third and fourth short,
fifth longer, impressed or foveate in the males. One of the two
genera comprising the subtribe is represented in our territory.

X. CEUTORHYNCHUS Germ., 1824. (Gr., "hidden" -f- "beak.")

To this genus as characterized above, and having the mesos-
ternum oblique, not sulcate; middle coxal cavities closed within;
ventral segments 3 — 5 unequal and third tarsal joint bilobed,
Dietz ascribes 47 North American species, several of which are
doubtless synonyms. For convenience of treatment our eastern
species are separated into three groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF CEUTORHYNCHUS.

a. Hind femora toothed beneath; funicle 7-jointed except in decipiens.

GROUP A.
act. Femora not toothed.

ft. Funicle 7-jointed. GROUP B.

l>b. Funicle 6-jointed. GROUP C.

GROUP A.

Nine of our eastern species, all of moderate size and having
at least the hind femora toothed beneath, belong here.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

a. Elytra either steel-blue or greenish-blue with metallic lustre.
l>. Claws toothed; thorax broadly constricted near apex.

680. CYANIPENNIS.
bl). Claws simple; thorax strongly constricted near apex.

681. BOLTERI.
aa. Elytra not steel- or greenish-blue in color.

c. Elytra black with bronzed lustre; claws with a short acute basal
tooth. 682. .ERATUS.

cc. Elytra black or brown, without bronzed lustre.

d. Larger, 2.7 — 3.2 mm.; elytra finely sculptured, closely pubescent
or scaly; male, except in quadridens, with two elevations on
last ventral segment.
e. Elytra uniformly pubescent or scaly and without scutellar white

spot.

/". More elongate, scales white. 683. RAP^.

//. Broader, scales brown. 684. SULCICOLLIS.

ee. Elytra with a scutellar white spot.

g. Scales white, not uniform, intermixed with coarse hair; last
ventral segment of male impressed. 685. QUADRIDENS.

gg. Scales white in single rows in striae; brownish appressed
hairs in several confused rows on intervals.

686. MAUGIXATUS.

(Id. Smaller, 2.5 mm.; elytra coarsely sculptured, sparsely pubescent
and with a basal white spot on suture, their striae deep and
sulciform; male with impression on last ventral.

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYXCHIXI. 441

/(. Funicle 7-jointed; form broader; thoracic tubercles acute; an-
tenna and tarsi piceous; last ventral of male with circular
impression. 687. SULCIPENNIS.

tiJi. Funicle 6-jointed; form more elongate; tubercles of thorax ob-
tuse or lacking; antennas and legs rufous; last ventral of male
with transverse impression. 688. DECIPIENS.

(_ _). CEUTORHYXCHUS CYAXIPENXIS Germ., 1824, 235.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Black, elytra steel-blue, shining; above
very sparsely clothed with very fine, short pubescence, and with a small
scutellar spot of white scales; under surface not densely punctured, sparsely
scaly, side pieces of thorax more densely scaly, the disc almost naked. Beak
slightly longer than thorax, male; one-half longer, female, curved, slender,
tapering from the base, striate on basal half, punctured throughout, more
finely toward tip. Thorax scarcely wider than long, widest near base,
strongly narrowed and broadly constricted near apex, lateral tubercles
obtuse, prominent; dorsal sulcus deep, surface coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, striae fine, shallow,
punctured; intervals flat, rugose. Length 2.7—3.2 mm.

Starke Co., Ind., rare; May 21. Edgebrook, 111., May 6.
Ithaca, Johnstown, Sport Island and Portage, N. Y., May 24—
July 5. Ranges from Canada and New England west to Idaho
and California, south to Maryland. A well known European
species which, in that country, attacks cabbage, rape, horse-
radish, and also wild cruciferous plants. Easily known by its blue
elytra and toothed claws.

V

In many collections, even that of LeConte at Cambridge, this
species bears the name C. erysimi Fab., also a greenish European
species but with unarmed femora, deep elytral striae and
under surface with bronzed lustre.

681 (— — ). CEUTORHYXCHUS BOLTERI Dietz, 1896, 432.

Oblong-oval. Head, thorax, legs and under surface black, rather
thickly clothed with dirty yellowish pubescence; elytra dark steel-blue with
a faint scutellar spot of white scales. Thorax shorter, narrower and more
constricted in front, disc more finely punctured, its lateral tubercles much
more acute and distinct than in cyanipennis. Elytra shorter, the intervals
less rugose than there. Femora feebly clavate, all armed with an acute
tooth. Length 2.3—2.5 mm.

Starke Co., Ind., rare; May 19. Millburn and Irving-ton. X.
J. ; May 30. Ithaca, X. Y., May 21. Also closely resembles the
European C. en/simi Fab., but differs by the toothed hind femora.
From ci/<iiii]tcii>ns, our only other species with blue elytra, it
may be separated by its smaller size, darker hue, more acute
lateral tubercles of thorax and simple claws. The type of C.
JiirticolUs Dietz (1896, 433) at Cambridge is only a darker col-
ored form of boltcri.

442

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIX.T-:.

682 (-

-). CEUTORHYNCHUS ^EKATUS Dietz, 1896, 431.

Elongate-oval. Black with bronzed lustre, thinly clothed above with
fine pubescence, condensed in a scutellar white spot and on sternal side
pieces; otherwise similar to cyanipennis. Length 2.5 mm.

Described from a single male from Ohio, now in the Hike col-
lection. Very probably a color variety of ci/aiiipeunis or an ab-
normal margiuatus.

683 (8838). CEUTORHYXCHUS RAP.*: Gyll., Schon., 1837, 547.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, above uniformly clothed with hair-like
scales which are yellowish in newly matured, grayish in old or hiber-
nated specimens; beneath thickly clothed with larger whitish oval scales.
Beak slender, cylindrical, slightly longer than head and thorax, finely punc-
tured, striate on basal half; antennas inserted near its middle, first and sec-
ond joints of funicle each about as long as third and fourth united. Thorax
near base one-third wider than long, thence strongly narrowed to and deeply
constricted near apex; disc densely and coarsely punctate, its dorsal chan-
nel entire, more deeply impressed near base and apex. Elytra one-fourth
wider at base than thorax, sides nearly straight and parallel to beyond mid-
dle, thence converging to the rounded apex; striae fine, punctured; inter-
vals wider, flat, rugose, the declivity with small acute granules. Length
2.7—3.2 mm. (Fig. 102.)

Frequent in northern and central Indiana, much less so in the

southern counties; May
G. Taken bv

6— Oct.

sweeping hedge mus-
tard and pepper-grass.
Locally abundant near
New York City on cab-
bage, rape and other
cruciferous plants.
Ranges from Canada
and New England to
California, mainly in
the Upper Austral life
zone. This species Avas
redescribed by Dietz under the name C. affluent us but Chitten-
den (1900, 41), in a very full account of the life habits of the
beetle, has shown that the insect so described is none other than
the well known European form, C. rapa\

It was introduced into New England about 1855 and is known
as the "cabbage curculio," the larva? feeding within the stems and
on the edges of the leaves of cabbage, turnip, horse-radish, cauli-

Fig. 102. a, Beetle, X

b, side view of same;

c, larva; d, head of larva; c, pupa in cocoon.
(After Chittenden.)

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCHINI. 443

flower and many other cultivated and wild forms of the mustard
family, often doing much damage to the cultivated plants. The
eggs are deposited in the steins of the host plant by the hiber-
nated adults in April and May and hatch in five to eight days.
When full grown the larvae pupate in small round earthen cocoons
just beneath the surface of the ground, the time from egg to adult
being six to seven weeks. They mainly attack plants going to
seed in their second year and therefore seem to prefer wild cruci-
ferous plants like hedge-mustard, shepherd's purse and pepper-
grass to the cultivated forms, as they can be more readily found
in second-year growth. One remedy recommended is the utiliza-
tion of such wild plants as a trap crop near or around the plots
on which the cultivated ones are growing, and the pulling up and
destroying of the wild plants after the eggs are deposited. Spray-
ing the larva? and adults with Paris green or other arsenical will
also prove effective.

G94 (11,077). CEUTOEHYNCHUS SULCICOLLIS Payk., 1800, 217.

This species, also introduced from Europe, greatly resembles rapa\
but is broader, and the scales are brown instead of grayish-white. Length
3 mm.

Specimens were found at riummer's Island and Montgomery
Co., Md., June 21 and July 1, 1015, by Ernest Shoemaker. It is
mentioned by Chittenden (1000, 51) as the "cabbage-gall weevil,"
an important enemy of cultivated plants of the mustard family
in Europe. C. cijnnipcnnls Thorns, (not Germar) is a synonym.

685 (— — ). CEUTORHYKCHUS QUADRIDEXS Panz., 1796, 13.

Elongate, subtrapezoidal. Black, above irregularly clothed with elongate
dirty white scales intermixed with coarse hair-like bristles; beneath more
densely clothed with oval pale yellowish or whitish scales; antennae, tarsi
and post-ocular lobes, pale reddish-brown; basal sutural spot white. Beak
and antennae nearly as in rapa'. Thorax one-half wider than long, narrowed
and constricted as in that species; disc with two distinct tubercles each
side the dorsal channel, which is deep before and behind but interrupted at
middle. Elytra as in rapa1; intervals wide, flat, marked with a row of fine
punctures, each bearing an erect whitish seta. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Recorded in this country only from Xantucket, Mass., and
Long Island, N. Y., possibly only from one invasion. Redescribed
by Dietz under the name C. seriesetosus, but shown by Chittenden
to be the European C. quadridens. Known as the "seed-stalk
weevil," the larvae, according to Chittenden (1000, 51), feeding
in the roots of rape and in the seed stalks of horse-radish, cab-
bage, mustard, etc.

444 SI'BPAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

The late M. Y. Sliugerland (Bull. 78, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp.
Sta., 1894) first mentioned this species as the "seed-stalk weevil"
and as damaging fields of seed cabbage on Long Island. The
larvae, many in a single stalk, burrow in the pith of the seed-
stalk and its main branches, finally causing the plant to wilt and
break over just before the seed begins to mature. At the end of
June or early July pupation takes place in earthen cells near the
base of the stalk a little below the surface. The species was not
recognized by Dr. Horn, to whom it was sent for identification,
but later (1901) was identified for Sliugerland by Chittenden, the
identification being confirmed by Schwarz.*

686 (— — ). CEUTORHYXCHUS MARGINATUS Payk., 1792, 27.

Short-oval, moderately convex. Black, opaque, densely clothed above
with brownish appressed hairs and a few white scales, the latter arranged
in a single row in each stria and condensed to form a conspicuous, oblong,
sutural white spot immediately behind the scutellum and a few minute
clusters near the front margin on either side of thorax; tarsi reddish-brown;
beneath densely clothed with white scales. Thorax transverse, deeply con-
stricted in front, apical margin elevated; disc without tubercles or median
channel and small acute lateral tubercles, coarsely and densely punctured.
densely punctured. Elytral striae narrow, intervals wider, flat. Hind fe-
mora strongly, the front pair very feebly toothed; claws with a long, al-
most bifid tooth. Male with a large, oval, transverse impression on last
ventral segment. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.

An introduced European species, numerous examples of which
have been taken at Ithaca, X. Y., March 12 — July 21; also at
Framiugham, Mass., and Cincinnati, O., (the scrictins of Dury's
list). Found on lettuce and reared from buds of dandelion by
Herrick.

687 (8839). CEUTORHYNCHUS SULCIPENNIS Lee., 1876, 274.

Broadly ovate, robust. Black, shining, very thinly clothed above with
fine pale pubescence; beneath coarsely and rather closely punctured, each
puncture bearing an oval whitish scale; antennae, tibiae and tarsi piceous;
elytra with an elongate sutural spot of white scales. Beak as long as head
and thorax, curved, cylindrical, finely punctured and striate in male,
smooth on apical half, female. Eyes only partially concealed by the very
small ocular lobes. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides strongly round-
ed, widely, not deeply constricted near apex; disc with distinct dorsal
channel but with a deep, oblong fovea at base, the surface finely and
Elytra ovate, convex, one-third wider at base than thorax; striae wide,
deep, coarsely punctate; intervals narrow, convex, very rugose. Male with
middle and hind tibiae strongly clawed at tip. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

*We are indebted to Prof. C. R. Ciosby of the Dept. of Entoir,., Cornell Univ., for
of Slingerland's mss., field notes (C. U. Exp. No. 455) and letters upon which
tin- above statements are based.

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYNCI-IINI. 445

Frequent throughout Indiana, more so southward; taken by
sweeping herbage; April 28 — Oct. 17. Throughout New Jersey,
May — August. Ranges from Canada and New England to Mich-
igan and Kansas, south to Georgia and Alabama.

688 (8840). CEUTOBHYNCHUS DECIPIENS Lee., 1876, 275.

Elongate-ovate. Black, very thinly clothed above with pale hair-like
scales; a curved line of larger white scales each side of thorax, a conspic-
uous scutellar spot, an ill-defined spot near base and a common sutural
spot at apex of elytra of similar scales; under surface coarsely punctured,
sparsely scaly except the thoracic side pieces which are densely clothed
with white scales; antenna? and legs pale reddish-brown. Beak as long
as head and thorax, strongly punctured, striate, and carinate in basal
half. Thorax as long as wide, broadly constricted near apex, sides feebly
rounded, disc coarsely and densely punctured, faintly channeled on basal
half. Elytra elongate-oval, two-fifths wider at base than thorax, deeply
striate; intervals not wider than striae, convex, rough with acute granules.
Last ventral of male with a deep transverse fovea; tibiae not clawed at
apex. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Marquette, Mich., June 27. Recorded, perhaps erroneously,
from Orange Mts., N. J. Ranges from Canada and New England
to Michigan, south to North Carolina and west to Kansas, Utah,
Colorado and California. Resembles very closely the species of
Auleutes.

GROUP B.

Our nine eastern species of this group have the funicle 7-
jointed, first and second joints elongate, third and fourth slen-
der, equal ; femora unarmed ; male with fifth ventral foveate and
middle and hind tibi;p usually clawed at tip.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Elytra not wholly black or piceous.

7). Claws with very email basal tooth, readily overlooked; legs red-
dish-brown.

c. Elytra rather densely clothed with small, yellowish-brown scales;

form oblong-oval; larger 2.2 — 2.5 mm. 689. PUSIO.

cc. Elytra thinly clothed with fine hairs, with spots and lines of

scales denser at sides of thorax; form short-oval; smaller, 1.8—

2.2 mm. 690. NEGLECTUS.

6&. Claws simple; elytra with scutellar spot and postmedian stripe of

pale scales; length 2 — 2.5 mm.

d. Elytra dark reddish-brown, finely pubescent, the white scales

large, oval. 691. SQUAMATILS.

dd. Elytra seal-brown, densely scaly or coarsely pubescent, the white

scales narrow, oblong. 692. SICULUS.

44G SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

aa. Elytra wholly black or piceous, apart from the vestiture.
e. Claws with a basal tooth; (almost bifid in pauxillus).
f. Elytra without rows of setae; legs piceous; larger, 2.7 — 3 mm.
g. Broadly oval; elytra with a white scutellar spot and sutural
line; club oval, acuminate. (Fig. 99, d. ) 693. OVALIS.

gg. More oblong; elytra with a white scutellar spot, the sutural
line indistinct. 694. INTERMEDIUS.

ff. Elytra with rows of setae; oval, dark, piceous, tibiae and tarsi
paler; smaller, 1.7 mm. 695. PAUXILLUS.

ee. Claws simple; elytra finely pubescent, with a scutellar spot of

elongate white scales.

h. Dorsal channel of thorax distinct, entire; last ventral of male

with a small rounded fovea. 696. ANTHONOMOIDES.

Mi. Dorsal channel of thorax very faint or wanting; last ventral of

male with a large, deep, transverse fovea. 697. TRAXSVERSUS.

689 (8845). CEUTORHYNCHUS PUSIO Mann., 1852, 355.

Oblong-oval, subclepressed. Dull reddish-brown, antennae and legs paler;
head, under side of body and sometimes the thorax and basal portion of
elytra dark piceous; above rather thickly clothed with small, pale brown or
grayish-yellow scales, condensed on sides of thorax and near scutellum,
those of the under surface somewhat larger and paler. Front broadly con-
cave; beak as long as head and thorax, male, one-fourth longer, female, fine-
ly punctured, feebly carinate and scaly toward base. Thorax one-half wider
than long, strongly constricted at apex, apical margin elevated, postocular
lobes wanting; lateral tubercles small, acute; dorsal channel feebly im-
pressed, disc densely and rather finely punctured. Elytra longer than wide,
one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides subparallel from base to beyond
middle, then gradually converging to apex; striae fine, intervals wide,
finely rugose. Claws with a short, acute basal tooth. Last ventral of
male with a deep rounded fovea, of female with a circular impression.
Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Newport, R. T. ; June 26 — July 11. Cape Cod, Truro and Nan-
tucket, Mass. Sitka, Alaska, LeConte collection. Occurs along
the ocean beach on the American sea-rocket, Calf lie edcntula Bigel
and beneath kelp. C. liaiiiUtoni Dietz is a synonym. There has
been much confusion over this species. One of the two specimens
mentioned by LeConte as having been sent him from Sitka by
Prof. Mseklin is at Cambridge, and differs from C. liamiltoni
Dietz only in having the elytra slightly darker on basal two-
thirds. Specimens of the next species, described by Dietz as
pusio and also specimens of an apparently undescribed species
from Kansas, were placed by the side of the true pusio bearing
the Sitka label, while LeConte had two additional species from
the western states also labelled pusio. The sea-rocket above men-
tioned, on which liamiltoui is recorded as feeding, occurs on the
Pacific as well as the Atlantic coast and also along the Great

TRIBE XX. CEUTORIIYXCHINI. 447

Lakes, which will account for the wide distribution of the insect.
It will doubtless be found to be a submaritinie form occurring
only along the shores of the sea and larger lakes. Since the next
species also occurs nearly across the continent and has been
recorded many times under the name pusio, it is impossible to
give the accurate distribution of either.

690 (— — ). CEUTORHYNCHUS NEGLECTUS sp. nov.

Short-oval, convex. Piceous; antennae, legs, apical margin of thorax
and usually the greater part of elytra dull reddish; above thinly clothed with
fine brownish pubescence, with spots and lines of larger oval whitish scales,
the latter condensed on sides of thorax and in a large faint scutellar spot
on elytra; beneath densely clothed with small pale scales. Head densely
punctate, the front broadly depressed; beak as long as thorax, male, as
head and thorax, female, feebly curved, naked, shining, finely punctured.
Thorax one-third wider than long, strongly constricted near apex, postocu-
lar lobes small or wanting; front margin with two small, remote cusps;
disc densely and finely punctured, lateral tubercles rather large, acute,
dorsal channel distinct only at base and apex. Elytra scarcely longer
than wide, one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides broadly rounded
from base to middle, then strongly converging to apex; stria? fine, rather
deep, closely punctured; intervals wider, slightly convex, transversely
rugose. Last ventral of male with a small round deep fovea; of female
with a more shallow rounded one. Length 1.8 — 2.2 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Frequent throughout Indiana; May 6 — June 23; beaten from
red-bud, Cercis canadcnsis L., and taken by sweeping. Chester
and Hemlock Falls, N. J. Batavia, N. Y. ; June 1— July 12. Re-
corded under the name pusio from New England to Colorado,
Oregon and British Columbia south to District of Columbia and
Missouri, though some of these records doubtless refer to the true
pusio. The elytra are often, with the exception of a triangular
basal area, wholly dull reddish. This is the C. pusio of Dietz
(nee Mann, and Lee.) It is shorter, more oval and more convex
than pusio, with the elytra more strongly rounded, the tubercles
of thorax more distinct and ventral fovea of male smaller, deeper
and more sharply defined. The food plant is probably Polyg-
ons m.

691 (8846). CEUTORHYNCHUS SQUAMATUS Lee., 1876, 277.

Oval, robust, subdepressed. Uniform dark reddish-brown, apical mar-
gin of thorax, antennae and legs paler; above finely pubescent; thorax with
the sides and a median basal spot, and elytra with a large scutellar spot, an
interrupted postmedian band and an oblong subapical sutural spot of large
oval whitish scales; under surface thickly clothed with similar scales.
Beak long, slender, much curved, finely punctured and striate near base,
shining towards tip. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly narrowed

448

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^B.

in front, deeply constricted near apex; disc densely and rather finely punc-
tured; dorsal channel entire, feebly impressed, lateral tubercles small, acute.
Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides rounded and narrowed
towards tip; striae wide, deep, with coarse, close-set punctures; intervals
wider, slightly convex, rugose. Last ventral of male with a deep trans-
verse oval impression. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

The type in the Cambridge collection is from Illinois. Re-
corded also from District of Columbia, Iowa and Kentucky.

692 (— -). CEUTOBHYNCHUS SICTJLUS Dietz, 1896, 446.

Oval, rather convex. Uniform seal-brown, antennae and legs rufo-testa-
ceous; beneath clothed with small whitish scales, denser on sternal side
pieces; above clothed with coarse, dark brown scale-like hairs inter-
mixed with larger white oblong scales, the latter condensed on sides of
thorax and on elytra forming an oblique interrupted line from humerus to
suture, also a short basal sutural line and a less distinct post-median band.
Beak as long as thorax, male, head and thorax, female, finely carinate,
densely and finely punctate. Thorax at base one-third wider than long,
strongly narrowed to and feebly constricted near apex; disc finely and
densely punctate, the lateral tubercles small, acute. Elytra oblong-oval
sides broadly, feebly rounded; striae narrow, finely punctate; intervals fine-
ly granulate. Last ventral of male with a transverse oval fovea. Length
2 — 2.3 mm.

Dearborn Co., Ind., rare; August 6. Known also from Ohio,
Virginia and District of Columbia.

Fig. 103. A, Ccittorhynchus o''alis Dietz; B, Ceutorhynchus scmi-
rufiis Lee.; C, Ccclogastcr simnicrmanni Gyll. ; D, Pcrciitliis f
Dietz. (After Dietz.)

693 (-

-). CEUTORHYXCHUS OVALIS Dietz, 1896, 438.

Oval, convex. Dark piceous; above thinly clothed with fine brownish
hairs and large oval scattered white scales, the latter condensed to form a
median line and a large spot each side on thorax and a scutellar spot and
sutural line on elytra; under surface thickly clothed with similar scales
which are crowded on the sternal side pieces. Beak rather stout, curved,
finely striate and punctate, smoother toward apex. Thorax wider than
long, narrowed from the base, sides broadly rounded; postocular lobes
prominent, almost covering the eyes in repose; disc without lateral tuber-
cles, closely and finely punctate, the dorsal channel entire, deeper near base.
Elytra nearly one-third wider at base than thorax; striae fine, each with a

TRII5K XX. CKUTORIIYNCHIXI. 44!)

row of minute scales concealing the punctures; intervals wide, flat, rough.
Length 2.7—3 mm. (Fig. 103, A.)

Edgebrook, 111., May 6. Described from Illinois and Minne-
sota. A compact handsome species, the elytra reflecting a pur-
plish tinge. "Readily recognized by its size, oval, convex form
and conspicuous sutural vitta." (Diet?.)

694 (— — ). CEUTORHYNCHUS INTERMEDIUS Dietz, 1896, 438.

Oblong, somewhat depressed. Black, above clothed with small white
and pale brown scales, intermixed with scattered large white ones, the lat-
ter condensed in an ill-defined scutellar spot, and extending along the
sutural interval and on the sides toward apex; the small white ones in a
single row alternating with a double row of the brown ones on the other
intervals; under surface densely covered with large dirty gray scales.
Beak shining almost throughout, finely punctate and scaly near base.
Thorax one-third wider at base than apex, where it is broadly and strongly
constricted; disc coarsely punctured. Elytral intervals flat, rugose, each
with one or two rows of small suberect scales. Length 2.7 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. Type in the Horn collection.

695 (— — ). CEUTOKHYXCHUS PAUXILLUS Dietz, 1896, 442.

Narrowly suboval, convex. Dark piceous, above sparsely clothed with
pale scales; beneath thickly clothed with dirty white ones; tibiae and tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax twice as wide at base as apex, strongly narrowed
in front of middle; disc with rather large acute tubercles, its dorsal chan-
nel narrow, ill-defined. Elytral stripe wide, deep, closely punctate; inter-
vals each with a row of stiff, suberect brownish scale-like setae. Length
1.7 mm.

One in Horn collection from northern Illinois. Known also
from New Mexico. Close to pusilliis Lee. which occurs farther
west.

696 (— — ). CEUTORHYNCHUS ANTHONOMOIDES Dietz, 1896, 444.

Oval, elliptic. Black, shining; above very thinly clothed with fine,
whitish pubescence with a few suberect whitish scales and a scutellar spot
of larger white ones; antenna, legs and front margin of thorax reddish-
brown; mesosternum and side pieces densely clothed with white scales.
Beak rather slender, curved, naked, finely striate and punctured on basal
two-thirds; head very coarsely punctured. Thorax at base more than one-
half wider than long, ocular lobes distinct; disc densely and rather coarsely
punctured, tubercles small, acute, dorsal channel entire. Elytra one-
fourth wider at base than thorax, oval, convex, sides broadly rounded; in-
tervals wider than striae, flat, rugose. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Owen and Posey counties, Ind., rare; June 2 — 15. The type,
now in the Ulke collection, was a male from the District of Col-
umbia.

4~>0 sruFAMiLY x. — CURCULIOXINM:.

697 (— — ). CEUTORHYXCHVS TRAXSVERSVS sp. nov.

Broadly oval. Dull black, antennas and legs dark reddish-brown,
femora fuscous at middle; surface very finely pubescent, almost without
scales except some elongate whitish ones condensed on sides of meso-
and metasterna and an indistinct scutellar spot. Beak of male slender,
as long as thorax, finely striate, densely punctate throughout Head dense-
ly and coarsely punctate. Thorax at middle one-half wider than long,
sides broadly rounded from base to the strong apical constriction; disc
coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, the tubercles small, obtuse, dorsal
channel very faint. Elytra oval, at the prominent umbones one-third wider
than middle of thorax, sides thence converging to the broadly rounded
apex; strife deep; intervals feebly convex, strongly rugose. Fovea of fifth
ventral of male deep, transverse, its length nearly one-third the width of
the segment. Length 2.5 mm. (W. 8. R.)

Starke Co., Intl., rare; May 8.

GROUP C.

Our nine species of this group have the femora unarmed;
funicle 6-jointed, joints 1 — 3 elongate, the outer three short;
middle and hind tibia1 clawed in the males; tarsal claws simple.
The species of this group occurring in Europe are placed under
the generic name Ceutorrhynchidius.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF OROTP f.

a. Elytra not wholly black or piceous.

b. Elytra bicolored, black, shining in front, reddish or ferruginous
behind; sutural line and spot on side of elytra of large white
scales. 698. SEMIRUFTS.

hi). Elytra not bicolored.

f. Upper surface more or less scaly; elytra and legs reddish-brown.

(1. Oblong-elliptic; smaller, 1.7 mm. 699. ZIMJIEIOIAXNI.

dd. Broadly oval; larger, 2 mm. 700. rr.oRinAxrs.

cc. Upper surface pubescent; elytra brown, sutural interval and base

of second densely clothed with pale scales; length 2 — 2.4 mm.

701. MEDIALIS.
o«. Color of elytra wholly black or piceous, apart from the scales or hairs

clothing them.

e. Upper surface clothed with short, coarse, scale-like hairs; legs
black or piceous.

f. Larger, 2 — 2.2 mm.; pubescence more depressed; antennas of male

inserted beyond the middle. 702. SEPTEXTIMONATJS.

//. Smaller, 1.8 — 2 mm.; pubescence less appressed; antenna? of male
inserted behind the middle. 703. PT-RERULUS.

ee. Upper surface finely pubescent, more or less shining.

g. Larger, 2 — 2.3 mm.; thorax finely and evenly punctured.

7>. Legs red; fourth tarsal joint long. 704. ERYTHROPUS.

hh. Legs blackish; fourth tarsal joint shorter, projecting less than

length of third joint. 705. MOROSUS.

TRIBE XX. CEUTORHYXCIIINI. 451

gg. Smaller, 1.7 mm.; thorax coarsely unevenly punctured; legs black k

706. ATRICULTJS.

698 (8850). CEUTORHYXCH us SEMIRUFUS Lee., 1876, 278.

Oval, elliptic. Piceous-brown; antennae, legs, thorax in part, and apical
fourth to two-thirds of elytra pale reddish-brown, shining; above very
thinly clothed with short fine pubescence and large scattered whitish scales,
the latter condensed to form a sutural line and oblong lateral spot on elytra
and a median line and spot each side of thorax; under surface densely
clothed with similar scales. Beak curved, as long as head and thorax,
striate near base, punctured toward tip. Thorax one-third wider than long,
sides rounded; disc narrowed and constricted in front, coarsely not closely
punctate, apical margin elevated, ocular lobes broad; dorsal channel deep
in front and behind, lateral tubercles prominent, acute. Elytra convex,
one-fourth wider at base than thorax, distinctly longer than wide, their sides
broadly rounded and narrowed from base to apex; stria? with close-set
punctures; intervals flat, shining, finely punctate. Length 1.8 — 2 mm.
(Fig. 103, B.)

Steuben and Lake counties, Ind., scarce; May 9 — May 27.
Beaten from flowers of tall huckleberry, Yacclniiini corymbosum
L. Edgebrook, 111., May (i. Rare in New Jersey. Batavia and
Portage, N. Y., May 17 — 24. Ranges from New England and
Canada west to Michigan and Illinois. The reddish portion of
elytra, like that of ncf/h'ctns, varies greatly in shape and area,
sometimes leaving only a small triangular scntellar spot blackish.
Readily known by its form, and parti-colored elytra with white
sutural line.

699 (8853). CEUTORHYXCHUS ZIMMERMAN xi Gyll., Schon., 1837, 492.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; antennae and legs pale
reddish-brown; above thinly clothed with white, oval scales, mixed with a
suberect scale-like pubescence; beneath densely clothed with whitish scales;
an elongate, not well defined scutellar spot of large pale scales. Beak as in
septentrionalis. Thorax short, wider than long, broadly constricted at
apex, ocular lobes prominent; tubercles very small, acute, dorsal channel
feeble, more distinct at base. Elytra oblong, one-fifth wider at base than
thorax, sides very broadly curved, tubercles on humeri and apical fourth
distinct; stria? fine, punctured; intervals flat, shining, rugose. Length
1.5—1.8 mm.

Kosciusko, Clark and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; May 5—
June 24. Taken by sweeping herbage in low damp places. Re-
corded from New Jersey and West Point, N. Y. Black Moun-
tains, 1ST. C., June 20 — July 14. Ranges from New England and
Canada to Colorado and Texas. Easily know by its small size
and nearly uniform brown color.

452 SntFA.MILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

700 (— — ). CEUTOEHYNCHUS KLOKII>AM*S sp. nov.

Broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown, somewhat paler and more evidently
red at apex of elytra and beneath; with sparse rounded white scales,
condensed about the scutellum and along the apical third of the suture, and
forming a vague spot toward apex, but involving neither apex, suture nor
margin. Thorax coarsely, continently punctate, median channel feebly im-
pressed and abbreviated in front, sides arcuate, lateral tubercles of disc
small but acute at summit. A few rounded white scales feebly indicate
the lateral stripes seen in semirufus. Elytra deeply punctate, striate,
intervals tuberculate toward apex, punctate; the rounded white scales are
more thickly placed on the inflexed portion of the elytra and parts of the
body beneath. Legs red and sprinkled with white scales. Resembles semi-
rufus in form and size, but differs especially in the darker color and ab-
sence of the sutural line of white scales. Length 2 mm. (C. W. L.)

Enterprise, Fla., April 11. Kissimmee, Fla., Feb. 16. Speci-
mens associated with the type from Enterprise, April 17, and
Mobile, Ala., March 28 (Lodinf/), differ only in having the mark-
ings of white scales less distinct.

701 (8851). CEUTORHYNCHUS MEDIALIS Lee., 1876, 279.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Dull reddish-brown, the thorax slightly
darker; above clothed with pale, scale-like hairs; sutural interval and base
of second interval densely, sides behind the middle of elytra less densely
clothed with dirty white scales; beneath densely clothed with similar
scales. Beak as in semirufus. Thorax one-third wider at base than apex,
finely not closely punctured, the lateral tubercles small, acute. Elytra
longer than wide, sides straight and feebly converging to apical fourth;
intervals wide, flat, finely rugose. Last ventral of male with deeply im-
pressed apical fovea. Length 2 — 2.4 mm.

Clark Co., Ind., rare; May 6. Described from Lake Superior.
Dietz also records specimens from Louisiana under this name.

702 (8852). CEUTORIIYNCIU-S SKPTKXTKIONALIS Gyll., Schon., 1837, 492.

Oblong-oval. Black, above rather densely clothed with short pale
scale-like hairs having a faint brassy lustre; under side more densely
clothed with larger dirty white scales, an inconspicuous scutellar spot,
often entirely absent, of similar scales; antennae pale reddish-brown,
tibiae and tarsi piceous. Beak longer than head and thorax, strongly
curved, finely striate and punctured on basal third, shining and very
finely punctate beyond the middle. Thorax one-third wider than long,
narrowed and strongly constricted near apex; disc closely and rather
coarsely punctured; dorsal channel distinct only near base and apex; lateral
tubercles very small, acute. Elytra about one-third wider at base than tho-
rax, sides broadly rounded from humeri to apex; striae narrow, feebly punc-
tate; intervals flat, broader, each with two or three irregular rows of
brassy scales. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

TRIBE XX. CKUTORIIYXCHIXI. 4.V,

Frequent throughout Indiana; April 25 — July 4. Swept in
numbers from pepper-grass, Lepidiwn virginicinii L., and beaten
from dogwood blossoms. Common near New York City, fall to

~

spring, on wild mustard, Xisyiiilirhnn officmale L. Chittenden
records it also as feeding on horse-radish and yellow rocket.
Ranges from New England and Canada to Colorado, south to
Virginia.

703 (8854). CKVTORHYXCIIUS PUBERULUS Lee., 1876, 279.

Smaller and more oblong than septentrionalis. Differs mainly in
having the scale-like pubescence less appressed; beak longer and more slend-
er, especially in the female; thoracic channel more evenly impressed, not
interrupted at middle; antennae of male inserted before the middle; pygid-
ium more finely punctured. Last ventral of male with fovea occupying
middle third, a tubercle-like elevation each side of fovea. Length 1.8 — 2
mm.

Starke County, Ind., rare; May IS. Occurs in Canada and
throughout New Jersey with scptcntrionalix and probably con-
fused with it. Range the same, including Texas.

704 (— — ). CEVTORHYXCHUS ERYTHROPUS Dietz, 1896, 451.

Oblong-oval. Blackish, legs reddish-brown; above clothed with a fine
pubescence, consisting of short, suberect, hair-like scales, and having a
faint brassy lustre; beneath not densely clothed with small whitish scales.
Antennae of female inserted beyond the middle. Thorax three-fifths wider
than long, sides well rounded, tubercles small, acute; dorsal channel feeble
except near base. Fourth tarsal joint very long. Length 2 mm.

Phmimer's Island, Md. ; U. 8. National Museum. Described
from a single female in the Ulke collection from District of Col-
umbia.

705 (— — ). CEUTORHYXCHUS MOROSUS Dietz, 1896, 451.

Black, tibiae and tarsi piceous. Antennae of female inserted two-fifths
from base. Thorax very densely punctured in its basal half. Otherwise
as in erythropus. Length 2.2 mm.

Described from a single Virginia specimen now in the Bolter
collection at Urbana, Illinois.

706 (— — ). CEUTORI-IYXCHUS ATRICTJLUS Dietz, 1896, 451.
Oblong-oval. Black, antennae brownish-yellow; above very thinly'

clothed with fine, scale-like pubescence. Thorax slightly wider than long,
sides broadly rounded, shallowly constricted near apex, dorsal channel
obscure; disc coarsely, rather closely punctate. Elytra oblong, their sides
nearly parallel. Length 1.7 mm.

Known only from Pennsylvania and District of Columbia.

454 Sn-.FAMIIV X.

Subtribe TV.

Stout robust species of medium size, having the beak short and
stout, its antennal grooves usually oblique, directed beneath the
eyes; pectoral groove either wanting or not reaching the front
coxa?; eyes, except in Ccrlofjastcr, not concealed in repose; funicle
6-jointed, except in Rlilnoncux. The species of the last TAVO
genera are notable for their velvet-like vestiture.

KEY TO GENERA OF SUBTRIBE PHYTOBTI.

a. Eyes in repose completely concealed by prominent thoracic lobes;
beak as long as thorax, its antennal grooves directed against the
eyes. XI. CCELOUASTER.

aa. Eyes feebly or not at all concealed in repose, the postocular lobes
small or obsolete; beak shorter than thorax, its grooves oblique,
directed beneath the eyes.

b. Third tarsal joint bilobed, fourth joint shorter than the two pre-
ceding united.

c. Second ventral segment not longer at middle than the third and
fourth combined, third narrowed at each end; front coxae
widely separated; form broadly oval. XII. PERIGASTER.

cc. Second ventral segment longer at middle than the two following
united, third not narrowed on the ends; front coxae narrowly
separated.

d. Prosternum without antecoxal ridges. XIII. PELEXOMTS.

dd. Prosternum with acute antecoxal ridges.

e. Funicle 6-jointed; eyes with distinct supra-orbital ridges;

front coxae separated one-third the distance of the middle

coxae. XIV. MECOPEI/TUS.

ee. Funicle 7-jointed; eyes without supra-orbital ridges; front

coxae separated one-half the distance of the middle coxse

XV. Rmxoxors.

l>l). Third joint of tarsi narrow, not or scarcely bilobed, fourth as
long as the preceding joints united (Fig. 99, /); form elongate-
oval; lateral tubercles of thorax almost obsolete.

/. Base of thorax not prolonged backwards. XVI. PEREXTHTS.

ff. Base of thorax prolonged backward with acute triangular process.

XVII. PHYTOBIUS.

XT. r«Ki,o<;ASTKU* Schon., 1837. (Gr., "large" + "belly.")

Beak moderately stout, as long, male, or a little longer, fe-
male, than thorax; pectoral canal deep, not extending on ineso-
sternum ; second ventral shorter than the third and fourth united,
Third narrowed at each end; cox;o widely separated; femora not

'Champion (1907, 151) has proposed the name Dictzclla for this genus, claiming
that American species are not true Ccelogasters, but further study of European species
is required hefore adopting the change. If the change is made Dictzclla should probably
be referred to the subtribe Cccliodes.

TKII'.K XX. CKUTOIUIVXCII IM. 455

toothed ; third tarsal joint broadly bilobed; claws armed with a
slender tooth, almost as long as the claw itself.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CCELOGASTER.

a. Dorsal channel of thorax entire; disc with an obtuse tubercle each

side near middle above and in front of lateral tubercles; antecoxal

ridges distinct. 707. ZIMMERMAXXI.

act. Dorsal channel interrupted at middle; disc without obtuse tubercles;

antecoxal ridges obsolete. 708. I.ITT-RATTTS.

707 (SS60). CCELOGASTER ziMMERMAXxi Gyll., Schon., 1837, 589.

Broadly oval, robust. Piceous, variegated above with spots of yellowish-
white scales, condensed on sides and near apex of thorax and forming on
elytra a cruciform scutellar spot and a short oblique bar each side; be-
neath densely clothed with large oval white scales; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi
reddish-brown. Beak thinly pubescent except near tip, finely striate,
coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax not much wider than long, broadly
constricted near apex, lateral tubercles acute, apical cusps well marked,
triangular; disc densely, not coarsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider
at base than thorax, humeri rounded; striae fine, their punctures very
small; alternate intervals distinctly more convex. Length 3 — 3.2 mm.
(Fig. 103, C.)

Martin and Perry counties, Iiid., scarce; May 16 — July 13.
South Orange and Alpine, New Jersey. Flatlmsh and White
Plains, N. Y. ; June 12 — July 25. Ranges from Canada and New-
foundland to Michigan and Washington, south to Georgia. Re-
corded as occurring on beggar's ticks, Kidi'iix. and on swamp
herbage.

708 (— -). CCELOGASTER LITURATUS Dietz. 1896, 457.

Smaller and more oblong than the preceding. Differs by characters
given in key and by having the thorax one-fourth wider than long, not dis-
tinctly constricted near apex, its surface much less uneven. Elytral in-
tervals equal, the transverse pale bar of scutellar spot faint and somewhat
oblique, the short bar represented by a spot on seventh interval; prosternum
very deeply emarginate. Length 2.7 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., rare; April 20. Ottawa, Canada, New Hamp-
shire and Massachusetts ; Leng and Cambridge collections.
Dietz's types were from Illinois and near Detroit, Mich.

XIT. PKRIGASTER Dietz, 1896. (Or., "round" + "belly.")

Short, robust species, distinguished by characters given in key
and by having the beak stout, shorter than thorax; eyes large,
round, scarcely concealed in repose; thorax strongly narrowed in
front, its apical margin with two cusps and disc with two tuber-
cles; elytra broadly oval, wider at base than thorax; coxa? widely
separated; tarsal claws simple, diverging. Two species are known

456 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJK.

which are subaquatic in habits, feeding mainly upon plants of the
genus Liidwigia.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PERIGASTER.

o. Dorsal channel of thorax impressed only at base; elytra not mottled
with white. 709. CRETURA.

aa. Dorsal channel entire but feeble; elytra mottled with white.

710. OBSCUBA.

709 (8861). PERIGASTER CRETURA Herbst, 1797, 70.

Broadly oval. Brownish-black, very thinly clothed above with small
pale or brownish scales; beneath densely clothed with pale brownish-yellow
scales, the last three segments less densely scaly; antennae and legs reddish-
brown. Head broadly impressed between the eyes; beak subcarinate, punc-
tured, pubescent, as long as the head. Thorax one-half wider than long,
lateral tubercles acute, disc finely and densely punctured. Elytra with
sides broadly rounded, feebly converging behind; striae rather deep, wide,
punctured; intervals densely and finely rugose, feebly convex. Length
2.7—3 mm.

Lake and Dubois counties, Ind., scarce, probably throughout
the State. May 12 — Sept. 19 ; from flowers of golden-rod on the
latter date. Caldwell, X. J. ; Flatbush and Rockaway, X. Y.,
June 20 — July. Black Mountains, X. C., June — July. Dunedin,
Fla., Jan. 24 — Mch. 22. Ranges from Ontario and Xew England
to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas. Pierce (1916)
states that in Texas it breeds externally on the leaves and stems
of Lntlicif/ia tuitans Ell. The larvae are yellow and have a gliding
motion. They spin a silken thread with which they form a cover-
ing while they eat. working mainly under water. The pupal cell
is composed of silk and a dark substance impervious to water.
The adult is saltatorial.

710 (8862). PERIGASTER OBSCURA Lee., 1876, 283.

Resembles cretura in form but slightly smaller. Reddish-brown to
piceous; elytra with a small but conspicuous white spot in front of middle
on third interval, another near apex and smaller ones scattered irregular-
ly on sides; antennae and legs paler reddish-brown. Head strongly punc-
tured, concave. Beak very stout, as long as head, finely punctate. Thorax
more coarsely punctured than in cretura, each puncture bearing a small
yellowish scale. Striae of elytra deeper, more closely punctured; intervals
distinctly more convex. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Dunedin, Enterprise and Lake Istokpoga, Fla., Jan. 19 — Dec.
28. Frequent in winter beneath boards along the border of
ponds and lakes. Recorded only from Georgia and Florida.

TRIT.E XX. CEUTOKI1YNCHINI. 4i)T

XIII. PELENOMUS Thomson, 1860.
(Gr., "monstrous" -j- "shoulder.")

Beak short, stout, more or less widened toward tip ; eyes
round, strongly convex, completely uncovered in repose; thorax
wider than long, narrowed in front, without ocular lobes, its front
margin with two prominent suberect cusps or teeth, which, with
the two lateral tubercles, cause it to appear 4-tuberculate when
viewed from above; elytra oval, wider at base than thorax; mid-
dle and hind coxa? widely separated; claws with a short acute
tooth, overlooked by LeConte and Diet/, according to Champion.
Six of the eight known species occur with us.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PELENOMUS.

a. Antennae more slender, second and third joints of funicle distinctly

longer than those which follow. (Fig. 99, e.) 711. SULCICOLLIS.

act. Antennae stouter, joints 2 and 3 of funicle very little longer than

those which follow.

o. Elytra! intervals, especially those on sides, each with a row of
acute granules; front concave; dorsal channel of thorax feeble or
wanting.

c. Scales of upper surface brown with a brassy tinge; second ventral

of male with a large yellowish elevated semicircular scale on

its front margin. 712. ASPEKULTJS.

cc. Scales of upper surface uniform grizzly-gray, without brassy

tinge; male without ventral scale as above. 713. GRISEUS.

l)b. Intervals without granules; front not concave.

d. Dorsal groove of thorax distinct; male with ventral segments

2 — 4 unmodified.

e. Beak rather slender, as long as head; fourth tarsal joint

shorter than the two preceding. 714. SQUAMOSUS.

ee. Beak stout, shorter than head; fourth tarsal joint as long as the

two preceding. 715. PUSIULTJS.

dd. Dorsal groove represented by a shallow postapical impression;

ventrals 2 — 4 of male with a broad, shallow, pubescent median

impression. 716. IMPEESRIVENTRIS.

711 (8857). PELEXOMUS SUI.CICOLLTS Fahr., Schon., 1843, 346.

Broadly oval. Dark piceous, clothed with brown scales having a brassy
tinge and variegated with pale ones, the latter condensed on the sides and
on basal half of dorsal channel of thorax and forming on the elytra a small
post-scutellar and numerous smaller subquadrate spots; antennae and legs
reddish-brown. Beak scarcely longer than head, widened toward apex,
densely and finely punctate. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long,
dorsal channel entire, widening into a fovea in front; lateral tubercles
acute, disc finely and closely punctured. Elytra one-fourth wider at base
than thorax, sides broadly rounded, stria? punctured; intervals feebly con-
vex, the alternate ones slightly more so. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

4-~S SIT.FAMILY X. Cl'RCULIOXINJE.

Frequent throughout Indiana; April IT — August 19; also
throughout Xew Jersey on smartweed, Polyyoiuun, in low ground;
April — August. Occurs at Ottawa, Canada, and throughout the
United States east of the Rocky Mountains, south to Georgia and
Alabama.

712 (- -). PKI.KNOMUS ASPERULUS Dietz, 1896, 464.

Form of suh-icollis but smaller. Above nearly uniformly clothed with
grayish-brown scales, the white ones of elytra very few, forming indistinct
spots and bands. Second and third joints of funicle equal. Head deeply
concave between the eyes. Thorax with lateral tubercles small, acute, its
dorsal groove almost obsolete. Intervals of elytra feebly convex, the alter-
nate ones more strongly so, finely rugose, each with a row of very small,
acute granules, more evident on sides than disc. Second ventral of male,
with a round and rather deep impression, bordered in front by a pale,
elevated pubescent scale or margin. Length 2 — 2.3 mm.

Lake, Posey, Clark and Perry counties, Tnd., rare,; April 22—
May 10. Known elsewhere only from Massachusetts, southern
Illinois and Detroit, Mich. Differs from siih-icollis by its smaller
size, less distinct dorsal channel and by the peculiar margined
impression of second ventral of male.

713 (- -). PELEXOMUS GRISETJS sp. nov.

Rather narrowly oval, convex. Black, everywhere thickly and uniformly
clothed with grizzly-gray scales; elytra with a small oblong post-scutellar
spot of white scales; tibia? and basal joints of antennas reddish-brown;
club, tarsi and middle of femora more or less fuscous. Beak longer than
head, rather slender, finely and densely punctate, scaly except near tip:
second and third joints of funicle subequal, slightly longer than 3 — 6.
Thorax with disc narrower than in sulcicoUis, its apical cusps and lateral
tubercles prominent, acute, dorsal channel represented by a deep concavity
between the cusps and a small impression at base. Elytra more than one-
third wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides subparallel to apical
third, then broadly rounded to apex; stria? very fine; intervals feebly
convex, the outer five or six each with a row of obtuse granules. Fourth
joint of tarsi longer than second and third united. Length 2.4 mm.
(W. 8. B.)

Type in Ptlanchard collection at Cambridge, labelled "Mass.,"
also "I'cJciHHiuts sp. nov." in his handwriting. Very distinct by
the uniform gray vestiture and narrow disc of thorax as above
described.

714 (8858). PELEXOMUS SQUAMOSUS Lee., 1876, 281.

Smaller than sitlcicollis. Black, above densely clothed with grayish-
white and brown scales, the former covering the sides of thorax and form-
ing distinct mottlings en elytra; beneath clothed with paler scales; an-
tennae and legs pale reddish-brown. Beak scarcely longer than head, stout,

TIMKK XX. CEUTORIIYXCIIIXI. 459

cylindrical, densely and finely punctured; eyes convex, prominent; head
densely punctured, not impressed. Thorax wider than long, much narrowed
in front; apical cusps small, acute, rather distant; lateral tubercles acute,
rather large; dorsal channel not deep. Elytra with deep, slightly punctured
strise; intervals nearly flat, very finely rugose. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Detroit, Mich., May 31; U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Not common
near New York City in June, July and September. Recorded also
from Idaho and British Columbia.

715 (- -). PELKNOMUS PUSILLUS Dietz, 1896, 466.

Differs from squamosus in having the "beak very stout, shorter than
head; eyes less convex. Scales on upper surface brownish with a brassy
lustre and more conspicuously mottled with larger white scales; scales of
under side ochreous, legs rufous, fourth tarsal joint longer, nearly equal
to the two preceding joints. Last ventral of male with a small longitudinal
fovea. Length 2 mm." (Dietz.)

Known only from a single specimen in the Horn collection,
from Tarn-fa, Fla.

716 (— — ). PELENOMUS IMPRESSIVENTRIS sp. nov.

Short-oval, subdepressed. Black or piceous, above rather thickly
clothed with reddish-brown scales, having a faint brassy tinge; elytra more
or less mottled with small patches of elongate pure white scales; under sur-
face rather thinly clothed with oval or rounded white scales, those on sides
of thorax and sternal side pieces yellowish. Beak stout, as long as head,
finely and densely punctate. Thorax one-half wider at base than long,
disc finely and densely punctate, less narrowed in front than in squamosus,
its apical margin not emarginate between the cusps which are quite small
and widely separated; lateral tubercles also small, acute. Elytra one-third
wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides subparallel or feebly con-
verging to apical third, then broadly rounded to apex; intervals feebly con-
vex, the fifth slightly more elevated. Ventral segments 2 — 4 of male as de-
scribed in key, the fifth with a deeper transverse impression. Length 1.8—
2mm. (W.8.B.)

Lake Co., Ind., rare; Sept. 14. Tyngsboro, Mass., Oct. 2,
Hlanchard collection. Smaller than the other species, with apical
cusps and tubercles less prominent and sexual characters of the
male very distinct.

XIV. MECOPELTUS Dietz, 1890. (Or., "long"+ "skin.")

Differs from Printout us only in the presence of ante-coxal
ridges, forming a prosternal canal for the reception of the ros-
trum in repose. The antenna! club is large, the first joint form-
ing half of its mass; other characters as given in the key. In
general appearance they do not differ from Pclenninn* Two of

4<!0 SUBFAMILY X. - CURCULIOXIN.-E.

tlie six species occur with us, hut are rare in collections exam-

ined.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MECOPELTUS.

a. Front concave; scales without lustre, dull. 717. FULIGIXOSUS.

act. Front not concave; scales with brassy lustre. 718. SCANDEXS.

717 (— — ). MECOPELTUS IULIGINOSUS Dietz, 1896, 467.

Oval. Pitchy-black; above thinly clothed with grayish scales, faintly
mottled with whitish ones and pale pubescence; beneath more densely cloth-
ed with grayish scales; sides of thorax densely clothed with dirty yellowish
scales; antenna? and legs raddish-brown. Beak longer than head, gradually
widening from base to tip, densely punctate, each puncture bearing a fine
scale. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded in front of middle;
apical cusps and lateral tubercles large and acute, dorsal channel entire,
expanding near apex into a triangular impression; disc densely and finely
punctate. Elytra oval, one-third wider at base than thorax, sides broadly
rounded; strife with close-set punctures: intervals feebly convex, the outer
ones each with a row of minute, acute granules bearing short recurved
seta?. Length 2.7 — 3 mm.

Recorded from Newark, N. J. Ranges from New England and
Canada to Oregon, south to Texas. "Resembles Pelc-nomus sul-
cicollis, but larger, more sombre and has the ante-coxal ridges.*

718 (- -). MECOPEI/TTS SCANDENS Dietz, 1896, 467.

Oval, elliptic. "Black, antennae and legs ferruginous; above thinly
clothed with small pale brown scales, mettled v/ith small spots of white
scales and mixed with a fine pubescence having a brassy lustre; under
side more densely clothed with grayish scales; sides of thorax with yellow-
ish ones; sutural interval of elytra with grayish white velvety scales in-
terrupted by a darker spot behind the scutellum. Elytra with sides dis-
tinctly converging from near humeri to apex; antecoxal ridges less marked
than in the preceding. Otherwise much as there. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm."

Nelson Co., Va., June 23. Recorded also from Anglesea, New
Jersey, July 12. Described from a single male in the Horn col-
lection labelled "Camb." Occurs on primrose. (Rol)inson.}

XV. RHINONCUS Schon., 1837. (Gr., "nose" + "swelling.")

Robust oval or oblong-oval species, having the beak short,
stout, widened toward tip; eyes large, convex, wholly visible in
repose; funicle 7-jointed, the basal joint long, obconic, second
longer than third, the others short, subrotund ; prosternum long
in front of the coxae, the autecoxal ridges distinct; coxje widely
separated; legs slender, femora unarmed, third tarsal joint bi-
lobed, claws cleft or armed with a long tooth. The three known

*These ridges, which are very plain in Rliiitoiicns and in some western species of
Mccopeltus, are only short, acute, elevations in this species, and easily overlooked.

TRIBE XX. - CEUTOUIIVXCI1IX1. 41.51

North American species occur with us. All have a conspicuous
lar spot of white or pale scales.

KEY TO SPECIES OF RHINONCUS.

a. Beak longer than head; thoracic tubercles obvious but small; form

stout, broadly oval.
b. Larger, 3.5 — 4 mm.; elytra not mottled nor tuberculate.

719. PERICARPIUS.

bb. Smaller, less than 3 mm.; elytra mottled, the intervals finely tu-

berculate. 720. PYRRHOPUS.

oo. Beak not longer than head; thoracic tubercles wholly wanting; form

more slender; length 2.1 — 2.8 mm. 721. LOXGUTAJS.

719 (8863). RHIXOXCUS PERICARPIUS Fab., 1801, 451.

Broadly oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown to blackish, antennae and
legs paler; above very thinly clothed with coarse grayish-yellow prostrate
hairs, beneath rather densely clothed with dirty gray scales; scutellar
spot elongate-triangular, very conspicuous. Beak slightly longer than head,
very finely carinate, closely and coarsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider
than long, feebly constricted near apex, disc coarsely and closely punctured,
feebly channeled, its lateral tubercles very small, obtuse. Elytra about
one-fourth wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides broadly cur-
ved; striae wide, rather deep, closely and coarsely punctate; intervals feebly
convex, very rugose. Length 3.5 — 4 mm.

Throughout Indiana but scarce; May 21 — July 8. Taken
in numbers from the axils of the leaves of the soap wort or bounc-
ing-bet, Baponaria officinalis L., on May 29. Staten Island, N.
Y., and Jamesbnrg, N. J., July 11. Ranges from Canada, New
England and Lake Superior south and southwestward. Collect-
ed on Euphorbia marglnata Pursh. at Clarendon. Texas, Au-
gust 11; occurs also on Polygomiin.

This is a common European species to which Dr. Dietz gave
the name occidental is because of minor differences in the carina
of beak, the curved impression at its base and in the longer fourth
tnrsal joint. The carina of beak is interrupted and almost obso-
lete in several specimens at hand and the basal impression is also
variable. As pointed out by LeConte, Say described the species
under the name Ceutorhynchus triangularis , and his name must
be restored if the insect proves to be different from the European
form.

720 (8864). RHIXOXCUS PYRRHOPUS Boh., Schn., 1845, 172.

Broadly ovate. Piceous-brown, thickly clothed above with coarse
brownish hairs and white scales; the latter forming a conspicuous scutellar
spot, behind which is a dark velvety line, and numerous mottlings on
elytra; under surface and flanks of thorax densely clothed with whitish

4i»2 SI'HFAMILY X. ( TU< TLIOXIN.E.

scales; antenna? and legs pale reddish-brown. Beak scaly at base, shining
on apical half, finely and sparsely punctate; front concave between the
eyes. Thorax one-third wider than long, broadly and shallowly constricted
near apex, disc coarsely and densely punctate; dorsal channel distinct only
on basal half, lateral tubercles small, acute. Elytra one-fourth wider at
base than thorax, sides broadly rounded; strial punctures small, rather
distant; intervals convex, rugose, each with a row of small inclined tuber-
cles. Last ventral of male with a small glabrous space at apex, middle and
hind tibiae clawed at tips. Length 2.3 — 2.7 mm.

Common on dock throughout Indiana; hibernates as imago;
Jan. 7 — July 10. Throughout New Jersey, May — August, feed-
ing on RiuiK'.r. Kecorded from New England and Ottawa, Can-
ada, west to Colorado and southwest to Texas. Occurs mainly
on different species of dock (Runicx) ; breeds also on smart-
weed, Polijyoiiiiiii pennsylvanicum L. and Eupliorbia inarginata
Pursh. Confused in some collections with Ceutorhynchus dcd-
picnx, but easily separated by its short beak and unarmed femora.

/21 (8865). Rinxoxcus LONGULVS Lee., 1876, 284.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, antenna? and tarsi paler;
above very thinly clothed with very short, fine pubescence, intermixed with
isolated elongate white scales; sides and dorsal channel of thorax, scutel-
lar spot of elytra and small sutural spot on declivity densely clothed with
white scales. Beak very stout, shorter than head, densely and coarsely
punctured. Thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly
rounded; disc coarsely and densely punctured, its dorsal channel confined
to basal half. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, stria? deep,
distinctly punctured, intervals flat, densely rugose. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko, Kuox and Lawrence counties, Ind., scarce;
probably throughout the State; April 29 — Sept. 2. Orange Mts.,
N. J. Ithaca, N. Y., June. Black Mountains, N. C., Sept. 20.
Kaiiges from New England to Illinois, south to Florida. Occurs
on Polygon i< in, eating round holes in leaves,

XAa. PERENTIIIS Diet/,, 1S!W.

In addition to characters of key the single species has the
beak stout, widened toward tip; funirle (J-jointed, joints 2 and 3
little longer than wide, 4 — 6 wider than long; middle coxa? three
times as widely separated as the front ones; legs slender, femora
unarmed, not club-shaped, claws simple.

722 (- -). PKHKXTHIS VESTITI'S Dietz, 1896, 460.

Elongate-oblong. Black, above densely clothed with dark gray and
paler scales intermixed, the vestiture having a faint bluish reflection;
sides of thorax and under surface closely and uniformly clothed with

TKH'.i: XX.--<'KrTOKIlYX<'HIXI. 4<K>

grayish-white scales; elytra with a distinct elongate post-scutellar spot
of white scales. Beak and head densely and finely punctate, thinly clothed
with small oval scales. Thorax about one-half wider than long, feebly
constricted near apex, dorsal channel entire, disc finely and closely punc-
tured. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides subparallel,
striae rather wide, not deep, their punctures concealed by the scales: inter-
vals wide, feebly convex. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 103, D.)

Ft. Monroe, Ya., April 10. Tluilmnn, Ga., April 28. Described
from a single Indiana specimen without definite locality.
"Easily recognized by its elongate form, very dense scaly vesti-
tnre and very small lateral thoracic tubercles." (I)ictz.) In
form and appearance it resembles Plnjtobiiis, the dense over-
lapping scales suggesting that, like that genus, it is semiaquatic
in habits.

XVII. PI-IYTOBIUS Schn., 1830. (Gr., "plant" + "living.")

Beak stout, cylindrical, nearly as long as thorax; eyes small,
rounded, convex, fully exposed; base of thorax prolonged back-
wards into an acute triangular process; prosternum without an-
tecoxal ridges; legs long, slender, femora unarmed; tarsi narrow,
third joint not or feebly bilobed (Fij-, 00, /. ) ; claws simple.
Two species occur in our fauna.

KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN Sl'ECIES OF PHYTOBITS.

a. Thorax at base one-half wider than long, narrowed in front; mesoster-
nal side pieces visible from above; surface covered with a dense layer
of overlapping scales forming a waterproof covering as in Bagous.

723. CRISKOMICANS.

na. Thorax very little wider than long, scarcely narrowed at apex; meso-
sternal side pieces not visible from above; scales of upper surface
not overlapping. 724. VELATUS.

723 (11,079). PIIYTOBTUS CRISKOMICANS Schwarz, 1891. 165.

Oval. Pitchy-black, above densely clothed with grayish slate-colored
scales having a peculiar velvety appearance; antennae and legs redd'sh-
yellow; under surface with larger, less densely placed white or yellowish
scales; elytra often with a large heart-shaped scutellar spot of similar
scales; apical edge of elytra reddish. Beak slightly longer than thorax,
feebly curved, finely and densely punctate, scaly near base. Thorax feebly
constricted near apex, the apical cusps very small; lateral tubercles distinct,
acute; disc densely and finely granulate-punctate, its dorsal channel entire.
Elytra two-fifths wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, prominent,
sides straight to beyond middle, then rounded to tips; striae wide, punc-
tate; intervals convex, the fifth strongly so on basal half. Tarsi as long
as the tibiae, without swimming hairs. Length 2.2 — 3 mm.

Known from Ottawa and Quebec, Canada, Wisconsin, ToAva,
Dakota and Kansas. Described by Dietz as a new species under

4U4 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

the above name, he stating that Schwarz's description under the
same name was not accessible to him.

724 (8856). PHYTOBIUS VELATUS Beck, Beitr. zur Bseirsch Ins. Faun..
1817, 20.

Elongate-oval. Black, clothed above with greenish-yellow scales, more
dense on median line and sides of thorax and suture and sides of elytra;
beneath with larger grayish-yellow scales; antennae and legs reddish-brown,
knees dusky. Beak short, stout, slightly longer than head, punctured and
scaly towards base. Thorax slightly wider at base than long, lateral
tubercles small, rounded; disc rather coarsely and densely punctured, its
dorsal channel wide, entire. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax,
sides gradually narrowed from the shoulders; striae deep, wide, punctate;
intervals convex, rugose. Tarsi with swimming hairs. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

A common European species taken in this country in Massa-
chusetts, near Detroit, Mich., in Dane Co., Wisconsin, and on
Vancouver Island. Its habits are aquatic, the adults ovipositing
on pondweed (Potaniogeton). It is also found in all stages under
water on the filiform leaves of the spiked water-milfoil, Myrio-
p]ii/Uu»i si>ic(ttu)tt L., a common European and American deep
fresh-water plant. "The larvae are covered with a viscous liquid
insoluble in water; when about to pupate the body is covered
with a large quantity of gum exuded from the anus. This
hardens into a spherical cocoon which is firmly attached to a
branch of the plant, the larva? remaining constantly under water,
the adults only coming to shore to hibernate under debris in
very wet places." (Perm.) Schwarz records finding in the fall,
near Detroit, Mich., a number of specimens hibernating in moist
ground on the banks of the Riviere Rouge, which at that locality
is filled with Myrio})lii/Uuiii. The beetle probably occurs in this
country Avherever this milfoil grows and should be sought for
by collectors as American examples are very scarce. Redescribed
bv Dietz under the name P. Iccontei.

t«

Tribe XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI.

A large assemblage of rather broad, robust, often strongly
sculptured species varying greatly in appearance and structural
detail. In addition to the characters given in the tribal key, p.
140, we find the funicle 7- rarely 6-jointed, club annulated;
tibiae armed with a strong hook at tip, their articular surface
oblique; tarsi dilated with the third joint bilobed ; second and
third ventral segments somewhat angulated at the sides and
variable in length ; upper surface often clothed with scales or
sc(u> or both, arranged in conspicuous designs.

TUir.IC XXI. CKVI'TORIIVXCIIIXI. 405

Our representatives of this tribe, while fairly numerous, are
insignificant compared with those occurring to the south of onr
territory, and from their diverse character are difficult to arrange
lineally. Onr arrangement, which does not profess to show re-
lationships, aims to draw together for the convenience of the
student of onr fauna alone, first, the forms with prominent
hnmeri, second, those that are glabrous or nearly so, third, a
number of heterogeneous forms with characters alien to the bulk
of the tribe, finally the true Cryptorhynchus- and . lra//r*-like
forms which are regarded as the typical members of the tribe.
We follow LeConte in recognizing but two subtribes as the di-
vision of the second by various recent authors is quite unsatis-
factory, their Tylodini being a heterogeneous assemblage united
only by characters pertaining to the metasternum that are diffi-
cult to observe. If any division is made it must extend beyond
(wo, and would finally result in exalting many of the genera to
subtribal rank. The tribe has not been recently monographed
by any American author, and the literature pertaining to our
species is widely scattered.

KEY TO SflM'IMRES OF CRYPTORHYNCHINI.

a. Pectoral groove confined to the prosternum (except in Pliyrdeinis),
open behind; elytra suddenly wider than thorax, their humeri prom-
inent; femora usually toothed beneath. Subtribe I. ITIIYPORI, p. 4G5.
off. Pectoral groove extending behind the front coxae into the mesoster-
num, sharply limited behind; elytra oval, never with prominent
humeri (Gersttrckeria is prominent behind the humeri. 1

Subtribe II. CBYPTORHYXCHI, p. 488.

Subtribe I. ITIIYPORI.

The members of this subtribe have the eyes coarsely granu-
lated ; thorax usually smaller than in the other group and very
coarsely sculptured ; femora toothed beneath except in Phyrdenus
and MicroJii/its. Mlcrulc'imix, usually placed in this subtribe,
has been removed to subtribe II, near Ti/loclcniifi, which it resem-
bles in fades, if not indeed identical therewith. P1ii/r<lcnus, not-
withstanding the deej) excavation of the mesosternum and simple
feiiiora, has been added to this subtribe on account of its prom-
inent humeri and resemblance to Conotraclielus. Its feebly
spined tibial apex makes it exceptional wherever placed, and we
prefer to assist the student as far as possible f»y associating
forms of similar facies. Following Casey, the genus
Lee. is transferred to the tribe Barini.

466 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXINJE.

KEY TO GENERA OF SUBTRIBE ITHYPORI.

a. Upper surface with scales.

1). Head silicate, v/ith prominent tubercle each side; tibiae feebly
spined at tip. I. PHYRDEXTS.

bl>. Head not sulcate, without tubercles; front coxae contiguous; claws
toothed or cleft; tibia? with the usual strong hook.

II. COXOTRACIIELUS.

oo. Upper surface without ornamental scales.

c. Upper surface glabrous, without scales or setae.

(I. Middle coxa; narrowly separated; second ventral not as long as

next two combined.

e. Tarsal claws equally toothed or cleft, not connate; two outer
stria? of elytra separated by a short costa.

III. RIIYSSE.UATUS.

ee. Tarsal claws simple, stout, connate at base; outer striae of
elytra represented only by a few coarse punctures at base,
the interval adjoining flat. IV. CIIALCODHRMI-S.

del. Middle coxae widely separated, the mesosternum depressed be-
tween them; second ventral longer than the next two com-
bined; tarsal claws small, slender, not connate; elytra striate-
punctate, intervals equal, strongly convex. V. CHALEPONOTUS.
cc. Upper surface with long, stout, erect setae; claws divergent, slen-
der, simple; form small, globose. VI. MICROHYUS.

I. PHYRDENUS Lee., 1876.

Beak as long as thorax, slightly compressed near middle,
somewhat widened and flattened toward apex, its antennal
grooves oblique; antennae inserted one-fourth from tip; club oval,
anrmlated ; eyes large, coarsely granulated, widely separated, al-
most whollv concealed in repose by the very large postocnlar
lobes; pectoral groove deep, ending in the mesosternnm which is
very deeply excavated ; side pieces of metathorax rather large,
distinct ; second and fifth ventral segments each slightly longer
than the third or fourth ; femora not toothed, tibia? bent at base,
feebly spined at tip. Two species are known, one of which has
a wide range in our territory, the other apparently being confined
to the south.

725 (8785). PHYRDENUS DIVERGENS Germ., 1824, 282.

Broadly oval, robust. Blackish, densely clothed with very small scales
intermixed with bristles, the scales forming a dense crust of a pale brown
color, varied with darker on thorax, base and declivity of elytra. Thorax
as wide as long, sides parallel from base to middle, then strongly con-
verging to apex; disc uneven, deeply and broadly channeled, with four
conspicuous tufts of black bristles. Elytra at base nearly twice as wide
as thorax, humeri prominent; strioe fine, hidden by scales; alternate in-
tervals distinctly elevated, all with rows of rather stout erect bristles.
Length 4.5 — 4.S mm.

TRIBE XXI. - CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 407

Lake and Vigo counties, Incl., scarce; July 5 — 28. Great
Falls, Md., June 27. Ranges from New Jersey, where it occurs
in stamps, to Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. Occurs on
black night-shade, tfoliuuiiii n'njrnni L. (77/,v. ) /'. innhitii* Lee.
is a synonym.

72G (11,072). PHYROENUS MURICEUS Germ., 1824, 281.

Larger and relatively broader than divergens and similarly colored.
Head and beak roughly and densely scaly, the former strongly, transversely
impressed; beak not quite as long as thorax, feebly bent, roughly and
densely sculptured. Thorax very nearly as long as wide, angulate at sides
before the middle, the disc very uneven, the median impression broad and
feeble; punctures very dense but even and rather fine. Elytra about
twice as wide as thorax, not longer than wide; intervals alternately strong-
ly ridged and flat; punctures coarse and rather uneven. Second abdominal
segment but slightly longer than third (nearly as long as the next two in
divergens), the basal segment not more coarsely punctate, but having in
addition to the finer punctures others much larger and more widely scat-
tered. Length 5.4 mm.

In Slosson collection from Key West, Fla. (Rchwarz.} P.
lullatus Casey (1892, 458), described from Arizona is, according
to Champion, a synonym.

II. CONOTRACHELUS Schoii., 1837. (Gr., "conical" -f "thorax.")
The characters of this enus have been full set forth under

the subtribal heading and in the key to genera. The antennal
grooves are not confluent behind and the hind femora are not
club-shaped. The genus is confined to the western Continent,
more than 40 species being known from the United States, 28 of
which occur east of the Mississippi River. Many of them are
very injurious to cultivated fruits, especially the plum, peach,
apricot and quince; others attack the stems of plants; all pupate
i:i the ground. For convenience of treatment they are separated
into six groups.

KEY TO GROUPS OF CONOTRACHELUS.

a. Claws divergent, toothed, not cleft.
b. Thorax not sulcate, usually carinate.

c. Femora with two teeth; costas of elytra usually interrupted.

GROUP I.
cc. Femora with but one tooth; costse either entire or absent.

d. Beak slender, much longer than head and thorax. GROUP II.

dd. Beak rather stout, curved, scarcely longer than head and

thorax. GROUP III.

bb. Thorax broadly and shallowly silicate, with two low crests in front.

GROUP IV.

4(!S SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJC.

aa. Claws approximate, cleft.

e. Pubescence prostrate, fine. GROUP V.

ee. Pubescence mixed with stout, erect bristles. GROUP VI.

GROUP I. (NENUPHAR GROUP.)

The species of this group have the costfp of the third and fifth
intervals of elytra usually more or less interrupted in two places;
thorax strongly constricted near tip; pubescence short, fine and
appressed, usually forming one or more slender pale oblique lines
each side of thorax and a broad band behind the middle of elytra.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

a. Costa? of elytra abruptly and strongly interrupted.
I). Elytral band uniformly pale yellow or white.

c. Third interval with a high, oblong crest or tubercle at mid-
dle; elytral band pale yellow. 727. .TUGLANDIS.
oc. Third interval without elevated crest near middle; elytral band
white. 728. ALOICINCTUS.
bb. Elytral band white and yellow: third interval with a high black
crest near middle as in juglandis. 729. NENUPHAR.
aa. Costa? of elytra feebly or not at all interrupted.

(I. Thorax with a small median callus or tubercle. 730. RETENTUS.

(Id. Thorax more or less distinctly carinate.

e. Elytral costa? not at all interrupted; thorax without oblique pub-
escent lines. 731. FAI.LI.
ee. Elytral costa? feebly interrupted; thorax with narrow oblique

lines of pale pubescence.

f. Second, third and fourth ventral segments finely and sparsely
punctured. 732. AFFINIS.

//. Ventral segments coarsely and closely punctured.

g. Thorax distinctly carinate from tip nearly to base; hind fe-
mora with a large acute tooth and a small denticle;
oblique, pubescent lines of thorax meeting in front.

733. SFNICULUS.

fig. Thoracic car'ina feeble; hind femora with two small denti-
cles; obl'que thoracic lines not meeting in front.
/(. All the ventral segments closely and rather coarsely punc-
tate, last ventral without tubercles; elytra! band well de-
fined. 734. ELEGANS.
lilt. First and second ventrals very coarsely, not densely punc-
tate; fifth finely, more densely punctate and with two
distinct tubercles; elytral band ill defined.

7? 5. ARATUS.

727 (8712). Cox()Ti:Aciii-:i.rs .iroLANnis Lee., 1876, 226.

Elongate-ovate. Dark brown, varied with black; pubescence grayish-
yellow, forming a curved, bifurcate line each side of thorax, a broad band
behind the middle of elytra and two rings on each femur. Beak cylin-
drical, longer than head and thorax, shining, sparsely punctured, pubescent
and with a broad lateral groove and two short finer ones on basal

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI.

409

Georia. Known as the

half. Thorax broadly constricted in front,
sides rounded on basal two-thirds, disc
coarsely, rugosely punctured, with a short
carina before the middle and four small
tubercles. Elytra with rows of large
quadrate punctures; alternate intervals
strongly costate, third and fifth interrupt-
ed, each with a high median costa. Ven-
tral segments sparsely punctured. Length
5 — 7 mm. (Fig. 104.)

Lake, Hamilton and Posey coun-
ties, Ind., scarce; May 12 — July 4.
Not rare near New York City, May
—July. Ranges from Quebec and
New England to Illinois, south to
walnut curculio," occurring on walnut,

butternut and hickory, the larvte breeding in the green fruit.

728 (8713). CONOTRACHELUS ALBICINCTUS Lee., 1876, 226.

Closely allied to juglandis. Thorax with a compressed line each side
of yellow and gray hairs; elytra with posterior band broad, narrower to-
ward the sides, composed of pure white or grayish-yellow hair, and a con-
spicuous white spot at base of third interval. Beak more stout, longer
than thorax, curved, deeply striate, carinate and punctate. Crest of fifth
interval of elytra less elevated and scarcely separated from the subbasal
part of the costa. Ventral segments coarsely and rather densely punctured.
Length 3.5 — 4.7 mm.

Marion, Dubois and Perry counties, Ind., scarce; May 12—
June 14. Ranges from Michigan and District of Columbia to
Georgia, Florida and Texas, where it occurs on Clematis and
Celtis, and was bred from a gall on Conius candidissima Marsh.
(Pierce.}

729 (8714). CONOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR Hbst, 1797, 29.

Dark brown varied with black; pubescence brownish-yellow, forming
a curved bifurcate line each side of thorax and a post-median elytral band
composed of yellow and white hairs; a conspicuous white line at base of
third interval. Beak stout, curved, slightly longer than head and thorax,
strongly striate and punctured. Thorax as wide as long, sides feebly round-
ed, disc strongly constricted near apex, carinate in front of middle, coarse-
ly and roughly punctate. Crests of elytra more abrupt, the median ones
more prominent than in juglandis and aTbicinctus. Ventral segments
coarsely and densely punctured, the fifth with two setae-bearing tubercles.
Length 4.5—6.5 mm. (Fig. 105.)

Common throughout Indiana; April 21 — July 15; beaten from
wild plum and Crattrc/us. Common throughout New Jersey. May

4711

SUBFAMILY X. CURCTJLIOXI.NM:.

to July and again in August. Abundant over the United States
east of the 100th meridian, its range extending from Newfound-
land and Quebec, Canada, to Florida and Texas. Known as the
"plum curcnlio," breeding in plum, peach, cherry and apple, often
in destructive numbers, causing an estimated annual loss of

a

Fig. 105. a, Larva; b, beetle; c, pupa. All much
enlarged. (After Riley.)

f 8,500,000 in the United States. Qnaintance and Jenne (1912)
state that "The adults hibernate, and issue from their winter-
quarters about the time the trees are in bloom, feeding on the
tender foliage, buds and blossoms. Later they attack the newly
set fruit, cutting small circular holes through the skin in feeding,
while the females, in the operation of egg-laying, make the small,
crescent-shaped punctures so commonly found on plums and other
stone fruits. The egg, deposited under the skin of the fruit, soon
hatches into a very small whitish grub, which makes its way into
the flesh of the fruit. Here it feeds greedily and grows rapidly,
becoming, in the course of a fortnight, the fat, dirty white
'worm' so well known to fruit growers. When the larva obtains
full growth, which requires some twelve to eighteen days, it bores
ils way out of the fruit and enters the soil, where it forms an
earthen cell in which to pupate. The time required for the pupal
stage and the emergence of the normally colored beetle is from
three to four weeks. Thus the period of development from egg to
adult is covered in from five to seven weeks." It may be con-
trolled by persistent spraying with arsenate of lead, one pound
in 20 gallons of water. Jarring the trees in spring and early
summer over white cloth stretched over a frame, and destroying
the beetles thus collected is also a common remedy.

730 (8715). CONOTRACHELUS RETENTI-S Say, 1831, 27; ibid. I, 295.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, nearly uniformly clothed with short,
dark gray pubescence; antennae and legs pale reddish-brown; thorax with

TRIBE XXI. CUYPTORHYNCIIIX1. 471

a vague curved line of pubescence each side. Beak long, slightly curved,
strongly striate and punctured. Thorax at base scarcely wider than long,
sides much rounded and strongly constricted in front; disc densely rugose-
ly punctured, with a small median callus and some indistinct tubercles.
Elytra oblong-oval, the striae, with distant quadrate punctures; alternate
intervals moderately carinate, the third and fifth each interrupted twice,
the seventh broadly interrupted behind the humerus. Ventral segments
sparsely punctured, fifth more densely and finely punctured. Length
7 mm.

Recorded from Allegheny, Pa., Topeka, Kansas, MendenhaH,
Miss., and Hanlover, Fla. Beaten from red oak sprouts by Dr.
Hamilton. A large and rather smooth reddish species.

731 (— — ). COXOTRACHELUS FALLI Sp. 110V.

Broadly oval. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, antennae, tibiae and
tarsi paler; surface sparsely clothed with fulvous and pale gray scales,
the latter forming a small spot at bases of third and fifth elytral intervals,
a few small remote spots on elytra and a ring near apex of each femur;
the fulvous ones thinly clothing the head, beak, legs and sterna, and con-
densed in a broad cross-bar at apical third of elytra. Beak as long as
thorax, feebly curved, finely striate and punctate. Thorax slightly wider
than long, sides almost straight and parallel from base to beyond middle,
then abruptly converging and feebly constricted to apex; disc densely and
very coarsely cribrately punctate and distinctly carinate on median third.
Elytra oval, humeri prominent, rounded, sides broadly feebly curved from
base to apex; striae with rows of large, deep, rounded punctures; third, fifth
and seventh intervals narrow, entire, strongly elevated. Abdomen rather
coarsely, closely and evenly punctate, each puncture enclosing a very short
prostrate yellow hair. Femora each with two small but distinct teeth; tarsal
claws widely separated, strongly toothed. Length 5.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Porter County, Tnd., rare; June 5. The coarsely sculptured
and almost naked thorax, and entire acute alternate elytral cost.e
readily separate this from all other members of the group. Named
in honor of H. C. Fall, a leading authority on American Coleop-
tera, who has aided us in many ways during the preparation of
this work.

732 (8717). CONOTRACHELUS AFFIXIS Boh., Schon., 1837, 429.

Oval. Dark brown or piceous; pubescence of thorax brownish-yellow,
forming broad, curved, sinuate and irregularly branching lines on the
disc and sides; elytra thinly pubescent, with a short basal line on tlr'rd
interval and a broad posterior band brownish-yellow. Beak long, slender,
moderately curved, strongly striate and punctured. Thorax at base scarce-
ly wider than long, deeply constricted in front, sides broadly rounded, disc
rather densely rugose-punctate, carinate on apical half and with a transverse
impression about the middle. Elytral striae composed of large, distant, quad-
rate punctures, intervals alternately carinate, first carina broadly inter-
rupted in two places, second feebly interrupted near base. Length 5 — 7
mm.

4(1' SUBFAMILY X. rUIN.'ULIOXIXJK.

Fairfax Co., Ya., June. South Orange and Ft. Lee, N. J.,
May — June. Recorded also from Ohio, District of Columbia,
Louisiana and Florida. Larva? were found in fallen hickory nuts
in Louisiana in June. {Pierce.} Liable to be confused with
juf/liiinlix, being of the same size and quite similarly marked;
however, the median costa is not so high, color darker and elytr.il
fascia not white.

733 (8716). CONOTRACHKLUS SEMCULUS Lee., 1876, 227.

Oval. Dark brown, antenna?, tibia? and tarsi paler; thorax with a
straight, oblique line of yellowish pubescence each side, the two united at
tip; elytra thinly clothed with grayish pubescence which is condensed in
a faint transverse band behind the middle. Beak "as long as thorax, stout,
curved, strongly punctured and seriate. Thorax at base slightly wider than
long, constricted in front, rounded on sides, strongly rugosely punctured.
Elytra with alternate intervals carinate, the third interrupted in two
places, the fifth at the pubescent band; strial punctures large, distant,
quadrate, each with a very short gray seta. First ventral segment more
sparsely punctured than the others. Length 3.7 — 4.8 mm.

< Vmimon throughout southern Indiana ; Starke County only
in the north; April 10 — Oct. 12. At various localities in south-
ern New Jersey ; May 31 — August. Lake Okeechobee, Fla., March
G. Ranges from Quebec and New England to Michigan and Kan-
sas, south to Mississippi and Florida. Beaten from plum and
peach. (Pierce.}

734 (8718). COXOTKACIIELUS ELECIANS Say, 1831, 18; ibid, I, 283.

Form and size of seniciilus. more thinly pubescent; the thoracic lines
narrow, curved, not meeting in front; elytra with large blackish discal
space, their pubescence more yellow, less mixed with gray. Beak distinctly
longer than head and thorax, less curved, strongly striate, punctate. Thorax
narrower, longer than wide, densely and coarsely punctate, very feebly
carinate, faintly tuberculate. First elytral carina twice interrupted, the
second not interrupted behind. Femoral teeth small, acute, nearly equal.
Length 3.8 — 4.5 mm.

Throughout Indiana, but scarce; beaten from hickory; May
6 — Aug. 11. Krown County, locally common on apple trees;
April 20. Throughout New Jersey, May — September. West
Point, X. Y. Ranges from Massachusetts to Michigan and Mis-
souri, south to Florida. The larva feeds on underground stems
of the rough pigweed, Aniaraiitliiix rctroflc.rus L. (CJtittcn<lcn.}
Oviposits in partly rolled up leaves of {tig-nut hickory, cutting
off the leaves during the process. (Packard.} Common on
hickory, on the leaves of which the larva' live." (Hamilton.}

*The contradictory biological notes in this genus may lie due to varying intxi-
pretations of tlie older clrscri]ilicnis.

TRIBE XXI. rUYI'TOKIIYXt'HIXI. 473

735 (8719). CONOTRACI-IKLUS ARATUS Germ., 1824, 283.

Oblong-ovate. Piceous, elytra variegated with reddish-brown; thinly
clothed with fine, short yellowish pubescence, the lines of thorax as in
elegans; elytral band and a spot at base of second interval whitish; an-
tennse and tarsi pale. Beak stout, as long as head and thorax, finely striate,
carinate, rather densely punctate. Thorax as wide as long, sides rounded
from base to beyond middle, constricted near apex; disc densely and rather
coarsely punctate, not or very feebly carinate. First carina of elytra twice
interrupted, that of fifth interval not interrupted near base. Length 4
mm.

Atlantic County, N. J., rare; Sanford and Dimedin, Fla.,
rare; March 28 — April 4. Described from Kentucky. Recorded
also from Massachusetts and Texas. Easily known from allied
species by the punctuation of ventral segments as given in key
and by the fifth ventral bearing two tubercles as in nenuphar.

GROUP II. (CRAT^GI GROUP.)

111 this group the beak is slender, longer than head and thorax ;
alternate intervals of elytra elevated but (except in l>clfi'af/ci) not
interrupted; thorax more or less carinate, not grooved; surface
finely pubescent with, at most, lines of very short bristles on
elytra; femora armed with a. single usually acute tooth.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP II.

o. Elytra strongly widened at base, their humeri with a small obtuse
tooth on outer side; ventral segments 2 — 4 sparsely punctured.

736. CRAT.-KOT.

no. Elytra normally widened at base, their humeri not dentiform.

b. Ventral segments very shining, with a few scattered large punc-
tures, more numerous on the fifth; antenna? inserted at apical
third of beak. 737. SKRPKNTINUS.

bb. Ventral segments densely and coarsely punctate; antennas inserted
at middle of beak.

c. Elytra each with an elevated crest or tubercle at middle near
suture, with a large common white spot just behind.

738. ISEI.FRAGEI.

cc. Elytra without tubercle and spot as above; thorax strongly con-
stricted in front; smaller, not over 6.5 mm.

(I. Femoral tooth large, acute; white markings conspicuous with-
out intermixed bristles. 739. SIMTLIS.

(hi. Femoral tooth obtuse; pubescence intermixed with bristle?.

740. NASO.

1

474 SUBFAMILY X. — CURCULIONINJE.

736 (8721). CONOTRACHELUS CRAT^GI Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX,
1863, 311.

Broadly ovate. Brownish-piceous, densely and finely clothed with clay-
yellow and ash-gray scales, the latter forming a
double line of paler pubescence each side of thorax,
the lines meeting in front of the middle and in
fresh specimens, passing backward onto humeri
and across the basal third of elytra; body beneath
thinly clothed with yellowish pubescence. Beak
.. punctured, deeply striate, carinate above. Thorax

«• { 6 9

Fig. 1 06. a, Side view; broadly, transversely impressed in front, elevated
b, dorsal^ view^ v 3- at middle, strongly carinate, coarsely punctured.
Elytra with third, fifch, seventh and ninth intervals strongly carinate, with
broad furrows between the carinse, each with two rows of coarse, quadrate
punctures; humeri obliquely truncate, with outer angles dentiform. Body
beneath sparsely find very coarsely punctured, third and fourth ventral
segments more sparsely, fifth more densely punctured. Thighs armed with
a large, not very acute tooth. Length 4 — 6 mm. (Fig. 106.)

Frequent throughout Indiana ; much more so in the southern
counties; May 11 — August 11. Beaten from ('ratcrytis. Locally
throughout New Jersey on quince, sometimes injurious; June-
August. Batavia, N. Y., July 10 — 25. Ranges from New England
to Michigan and Iowa, south to Georgia. Known as the "quince
curculio," the adult eating a little hole in the fruit in which the
egg is deposited ; the larv?e liying in the fruit till fall, when they
leave it and burrow into the ground, pupating in early spring.
(Banks.) Li yes also in the fruit of Crata-f/iis.
737 (8722). COXOTRACIIELUS SERPENTINUS Boh., Schn., 1837, 402.

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Blackish-brown, thinly clothed, but scarcely
mottled, with coarse, pale brownish hairs. Beak rather stout, one-third
longer than head and thorax, brown, shining, scarcely punctured, striate
each side; head strongly punctured. Thorax as long as wide, widest at
base, feebly constricted at apex; disc very deeply, coarsely and densely
punctured, its elevated dorsal line narrow. Elytra at base one-half wider
than thorax, humeri rounded; striae composed of coarse punctures; inter-
vals not costate at base, but third and fifth becoming gradually acute be-
hind the middle, seventh acute for whole length, united in front at a sharp
angle with ninth, which is also acute throughout, the two united forming
the humeral margin. Length 6 — 7 mm.

Biscayne Bay and Enterprise. Fla. Schwarz (1890, 233) states
that it is found exclusively on tlie red bay, ]><-rx<'<i borhoiini L..
the larva' probably living in the galls of a psyllid, Trio~<i HHI</-
Ashm. ('. rcntnilix Lee. (ISIS, 428) is a synonym.

738 (8724). CONOTRACHELITS BELFRAGEI Lee., 1876, 419.

Oval, rather robust. Black or piceous, clothed with short brownish-red
hairs and oval white scales, the latter forming a large, irregular white

TRIBE XXI. CUYI'TORHYXOHIXI. 475

spot each side of thorax, a large saddle-shaped one behind the middle of
elytra, some small spots near the scutellum, a ring around the hind femora
and three rows of small spots on the abdomen. Beak half as long as body,
opaque, feebly curved, rather sparsely punctured. Thorax wider than long,
sides parallel from base to beyond middle, then rounded and obliquely nar-
rowed to tip; disc strongly convex at middle, densely and rather coarsely
punctured. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax; striae composed
of very coarse and deep punctures; third interval with three elevated crests,
the median one much the larger, with a broad bare, coarsely punctured im-
pression between it and the base; the other alternate intervals finely cari-
nate. Under surface densely punctured. Length 4 mm.

Eustis, Fla., April 6; one specimen beaten from pine. De-
scribed from a single specimen taken in Texas by Belfrage. Re-
corded also from Rock's Resaca, Texas, by Townsend. The most
strikingly colored species of this large genus, the large white
spots on thorax each with two narrow prongs, one oblique, reach-
ing the apex, the other nearly attaining the median line.

Conotrachelus adspersus Lee., (1876, 230) was recorded by Dury, pro-
bably erroneously, from Cincinnati, Ohio, it being known otherwise only
from Kansas. It may be readily recognized by its large size (7 — 7.5 mm.),
non-constricted thorax and nearly uniform grayish-yellow pubescence.

739 (8725). COXOTRACHELUS siiiius Boh., Schn., 1837, 416.

A large robust species clothed with short, pale reddish-brown pubes-
cence, handsomely variegated with white, which forms a complex pattern
each side of thorax, a wide, irregular postmedian band on elytra and three
rows of spots on abdomen. Beak of male one-third longer than head and
thorax, striate, feebly punctured; of female, red, two-thirds as long as
body, very slender, smooth, polished. Thorax short, one-third wider than
long, sides nearly parallel from base to beyond middle, then strongly con-
verging to apex; disc rather finely, very densely punctured, finely cari-
nate from tip to middle. Punctures of elytral strife very large, quadrate;
alternate intervals distinctly but not strongly carinate. Body beneath
coarsely, rather densely punctured. Length 5 — 6.5 mm.

Tybee Island, Ga., June 6; Crescent City, Fla. Schwarz
(18!M), 232) states that the imago appears in numbers on the
woolly buckthorn, Buiuclia laiiHf/htowi Michx., when the tree is
in bloom. Breeds in the berries. (Pierce.} The large white
spots on thorax and elytra are shaped almost like those of C.
belfragei.

740 (8726). CONOTRACHELUS NASO Lee., 1876, 231.

Elongate-oval. Dark reddish-brown, very thinly clothed with dirty
brown pubescence, thorax with a small spot of white pubescence each side
of middle; elytra with a narrow band of yellowish hairs on apical third.
Beak of male one-third longer than head and thorax, striate from base to
antennal insertion, finely punctate; of female, slender, curved, shining,

176 Sri'.KAMILY X. CURCULIOXIXJE.

more than halt the length of body, finely striate on basal half. Thorax one-
third wider than long, sides rounded, suddenly strongly constricted near
apex, disc densely rugosely punctured, the median carina distinct, nearly
entire. Base of elytra one third wider than thorax, strongly sinuate, hu-
meri rounded; strife composed of small, closely placed quadrate punctures;
alternate intervals finely carinate, their surface more densely pubescent
and with rows of very short bristles. Beneath densely, coarsely punctured;
last ventral with a round impression near tip. Length 5.5 — 7 mm.

Putnam County, Ind., rare; May 3. Long Beach, X. Y., June
11. Atlantic County and Anglesea, X. J. ; May — August. Eanges
from New York to Indiana, south to Florida and Texas. Bred
from the fruit of hawthorn, Cratwyus. (Hamilton.) Pierce
il907, 275) states that it breeds in acorns of post- and live-oaks,
266 larva? having been taken from 167 acorns of live-oak, Qncrcns
rirytnitina L. in Texas in October. The larva? entered the ground
•mmediately, began to pupate March 15, the first adult appearing
April 2.

GROUP III. (POSTICATUS GROUP.)

This group differs from II mainly in the length of the beak,
which is seldom longer than head and thorax, striate, at least on
basal half, with the antenna? (except in florirluims) inserted not
more than one-third behind its tip.

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF GUOUP 111.

a. Mesosternum perpendicular in front, and produced in a small rounded

process between the middle coxae.
l>. Thorax with a more or less distinct median carina.

c. Antennae inserted at apical fourth or third; third and fourth ven-
tral segments coarsely and densely punctured. 741. POSTICATUS.
cc. Antennae inserted just in front of middle, male, slightly behind
middle, female; third and fourth ventrals very sparsely and
finely punctured. 742. FLORIDAXCS.

l>lj. Thorax without trace of median carina.

el. Larger, 4 or more mm. 743. COGNATUS.

d<L Smaller, not over 2.7 mm. 744. PUSILLUS.

act. Mesosternum slanting downward in fiont, flat above, not produced

forward.
e. Thorax without longitudinal ridges, its punctures distinct, cribrate.

745. GEMINATUS.

ee. Thorax with longitudinal ridges, at least near the middle.

/. Pubescence short, without intermixed bristles on the elytra.

746. IXFECTOR.
//. Pubescence with rows of short, erect bristles intermixed.

747. CRir,uicoLLis.

TRIBE XXI. ('RYPTOUIIYXrillXI. 477

741 (8727). COXOTKACIIELUS POSTICATI'S Boh., Schn., 1837, 406.

Oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, very thinly clothed with short
prostrate reddish-yellow hairs, condensed on elytra to form numerous small
blotches and an indistinct yellowish band near apical fourth; third in-
terval with a small grayish spot at base. Beak as long as head and thorax,
feebly curved, strongly striate. Thorax about as wide as long, sides feebly
rounded, disc broadly constricted near apex, densely and coarsely punctate,
with a nearly entire, narrow median carina. Elytra at base nearly one-
half wider than thorax, humeri rounded, sides somewhat rounded and dis-
tinctly converging from base to apex; strial punctures large, round, close-
set; alternate intervals finely but distinctly carinate. Femora all strong-
ly, not acutely, toothed beneath. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.

Lake and Posey counties, Incl., frequent locally; April 20—
Sept. 3; beaten from blossoms of wild plum. Throughout
New Jersey, •May — September; not rare. McGregor, Iowa, July
14. Lake Okeechobee and Dunedin, Flu., March 2 — 29. Ranges
from Ontario and New England to Wisconsin and Towa, south
to Florida. Raised from fruit of Cratd'f/iix by Hamilton, has
been observed to live within Phylloxera galls on hickory leaves
by Schwarz (1890, 233), and said to breed in hickory nuts by
Pierce. Resembles IHISO in color, but very distinct in the short
striate beak with antenmv inserted near its tip. In many speci-
mens the second elytral interval is as strongly carinate as the
third.

742 (— — ). CONOTKACHELUS FLORIDANUS Fall, 1913, 66.

Oblong-oval. Piceous; tibiae and tarsi rnfo-piceous, closely, somewhat
unevenly clothed with narrow scales and scale-like hairs, clay-yellow and
white in coloi the latter condensed in a short band near declivity and a
few very small spots on thorax and costae of elytra. Beak one-third longer
than thorax, male, one-half longer, female, shining and sparsely punctate
near tip, more coarsely punctate and striate near base. Thorax scarcely
wider than long, sides feebly curved from base to beyond middle, then sud-
denly narrowed and constricted; disc rather coarsely and densely punctate,
the median carina obsolete on basal third. Elytra one-half wider and two
and a half times longer than thorax, sides parallel from base to middle, then
gradually rounded to apex; alternate intervals distinctly not strongly cos-
tate. Length 4.4 — 5 mm.

Miami, Florida. "Differs from post ic-a tits by its more con-
spicuous and coarser vestiture, more oblong form, less developed
thoracic and elytral rostu1 and much sparser and finer ventral
punctuation." (Fall.)

743 (8728). COXOTRACIIKLUS COOXATTS Lee., 1878, 429.

Oblong-oval. Blackish, elytra mottled with dull fulvous; pubescence
short, irregularly condensed, a small spot of white scales at the base of the
third elytral interval. Beak as in posticatus, the antennse inserted less

47S SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN.-E.

than one-fourth from tip. Thorax wider than long, sides strongly rounded
in front, nearly straight near base; disc coarsely and densely punctured.
Elytra oblong, rounded behind, at base one-half wider than thorax; strial
punctures large, quadrate; alternate intervals acutely, not strongly cos-
tate. Length 4.3 mm.

Tampa and New Smyrna, Fla. (Bcliicarz.) "Differs from
posficatiix chiefly by the thorax being not carinated and by the
less robust form." (LeContc.}

744 (8729). COXOTRACHELUS PUSILLVS Lee., 1878, 429.

Small, oval. Dark reddish- or blackish-brown, with irregularly con-
densed pubescence; elytra mottled with dull fulvous. Beak stout, curved,
longer than head and thorax, deeply striate. Thorax as wide as long, sides
feebly rounded, broadly constricted near apex; disc densely and coarsely
punctured, not cadnate. Elytra oblong-oval, humeri rounded, striae com-
posed of large punctures: third, fifth and seventh intervals moderately car-
inate, ninth carinate behind the middle. Beneath coarsely punctured, fifth
ventral broadly impressed. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Orange County, Ind., rare; June 1. Taken by sweeping.
Near Providence. R. T. (Fall.} Enterprise and Lake Worth,
Florida. This and Irisjtidu* are our smallest species of the genus.

745 (8730). COXOTRACIIELUS GEMIXATUS Dej., 1837, 322.

Oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with very fine yel-
lowish pubescence; thorax with a small yellowish spot each side of middle:
elytra mottled with grayish bands and with a whitish spot at base of third
interval and rows of very short bristles; antennae, tibiae and tarsi pale red-
dish-brown. Beak stout, shorter than thorax, striate, densely punctate
male; one-fourth longer and shining toward tip, female. Thorax not wider
than long, sides almost parallel, disc coarsely, evenly and densely punctate.
Elytral stria? composed of large, quadrate punctures; intervals broad, flat,
the third and fifth slightly elevated near the declivity. Body beneath
coarsely punctured; thighs armed with a large obtuse tooth. Last ventral
of female with a large, well defined apical impression. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko, Vermillion and ATigo counties, Ind., fre-
quent; June 10 — August 11. Common in Xew Jersey, August to
the following July. Ranges from Quebec and New England to
Iowa and Kansas, south to Florida. Taken by beating the great
rag-weed. Ambrosia trififla L. (Hamilton.} When the pubes-
cence is removed the elytra are seen to be reddish-brown mottled
with numerous small blackish spots.

746 (8731). COXOTRACHELVS IXFECTOR Boh., Schn., 1845, 49.

Similar to geminatus. but the pubescence more vellowish, not mixed
with gray. Thorax distinctly carinate, more coarsely sculptured, the crib-
rate punctures being confluent so as to leave longitudinal ridges; the quad-

TUIIJK XXI. CKYI'TORIIYNOIIIXI. 47!)

rate punctures of elytral striae more close-set; intervals narrower and more
convex. Last ventral of female not impressed. Length 4.2 — 5.2 mm.

Starke County, Ind.. rare; June S. Described from Pennsyl-
vania. Recorded from New York and Ft. Capron and Tampa,
Fla.

747 (8732). COXOTRACHELUS CRIBRICOLLIS Say, 1831, 28; ibid, I, 296.

Oval. Color of geminatus ; pubescence of elytra much more dense and
coarse. Beak shorter, stouter, more deeply rugose-striate. Thoracic punc-
tures very coarse and deep, so that the surface appears reticulate. Elytra
oval, more than one-half wider at base than thorax, sides feebly converging
to the rounded apex; strial punctures rather small, round, deep, close-set;
intervals feebly convex, each with a row of stout, suberect bristles. Length
3.2 — 4.5 mm.

Frequent in southern Indiana; Marshall County only in the
north; April !> — Tune 2.~i. Taken in early spring beneath bark of
dead oak, and by sifting. Westville, X. J., Jan. 2S, by sifting.
Bowmanville, 111., Oct. 20. Black Mountains, X. C., June. Ranges
from New England to Northern Illinois, south to Louisiana and
Tex; is.

GROUP IV. (ANAGLYPTICUS GROUP.)

Species of broad, rather flat form, having the beak curved, as
long as or slightly longer than head and thorax, strongly striate
and punctured ; thorax coarsely sculptured, with two more or
less distinct crests in front of middle, between which is a wide
shallow groove; elytra at base nearly twice as wide as thorax.
Their alternate intervals strongly carinate, sometimes abruptly
interrupted; under surface very coarsely punctate; femora each
armed with a large tooth and ('except in coronatus) a small den-
ticle.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IV.

a. Alternate elytral intervals strongly interrupted.

b. Thorax with a single pale line each side; crests of elytra with black

reclined bristles. 748. COROXATUS.

bb. Thorax with two narrow, pale lines each side, crossed by a curved
one in front of middle; crests of elytra without bristles.

749. TUBEROSUS.
«a. First or second elytral intervals only feebly interrupted.

c. Elytra distinctly costate and with a short oblique yellowish

humeral stripe. ' 750. AXAC;T.YPTICUS.

<•". Elytra feebly costate, without yellowish humeral stripe, their sur-
face in great part white. 751. LEUCOPII.EATUS.

4SO

srr.FAM ILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

748 (8733). CONOTRACIIELUS COROXATUS Lee., 1878, 430.

Blackish, thinly clothed with very fine brownish-gray pubescence and
scattered pale clavate bristles, with markings of dense, fine white scales
forming a narrow white stripe each side of thorax, which extends from apex
to base and connects with a short white line at base of third elytral inter-
val; forming also a large marginal spot on elytra behind the humerus and
a band composed of spots behind the middle. Beak very stout, bent be-
yond the middle, not longer than head and thorax, deeply and broadly
striate, carinate above. Thorax as long as wide, sides straight, disc rough
and bearing a lateral, four apical and two median tubercles. Elytra with
the alternate intervals interrupted, forming black tubercles bearing re-
clined clavate bristles. Beneath very coarsely punctured. Femora with a
single acute and prominent tooth. Length 3 mm.

Described from Enterprise, Fla.

749 (8734). CONOTRACIIELUS TUBEROSUS Lee., 1876, 233.

Short, ovate. Dark reddish-brown, thinly clothed with very fine, short
yellowish pubescence; thorax with pale lines as mentioned in key; elytra
with a narrow transverse yellowish band on apical third; antennae, tibice
and tarsi pale reddish-brown. Beak curved, rather stout, as long as head
and thorax, strongly striate. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly round-
ed, disc densely, rugosely punctured, opaque, with two very narrow crests
or raised lines running from apex to middle. Elytra with rows of rather
large, rounded punctures; carinae of intervals interrupted as in C. nenu-
phar. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

riummers Island, Md. ; June 21. Recorded from Ohio, Illi-
nois, District of Columbia and South Carolina, Occurs on
Urtica. (Ulkc.) A handsome, well marked little species, re-
sembling a small (inayh/pticus.

750 (8735). CONOTRACHELUS AXAGLYPTICUS Say, 1831, 18; ibid, I, 282.
Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, very thin-
ly clothed with short, fine yellowish hairs,
condensed to form two narrow lines each
side of thorax, a broad oblique humeral spot
or stripe on elytra and a broad band on
apical half of femora; elytra also with a
faint whitish band behind the middle.
Beak scarcely as long as head and thorax,
stout, strongly striate, carinate above.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides
nearly straight, disc very densely, rather
finely reticulate-punctate and with two in-
distinct crests on apical half. Base of ely-
tra twice as wide as thorax, truncate, hu-
meri almost rectangular, sides converging
from base to the obtusely rounded apex;
strial punctures large, quadrate, close-set;

alternate intervals rather strongly costate, the second costa widely inter-
rupted at basal third. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length
3.5—4.7 mm. (Pig. 107.)

Fig. 107. X 8. (After Felt.)

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 481

Common throughout Indiana; May 12 — July 5. Taken from
asters and at electric light. Throughout New Jersey, May to
Sept., under moist bark and on various bushes. Dunedin, Fla.,
Feb. 27 — March 17. Abundant from New England to Michigan
and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas. "Breeds in the fruit of
hickory. (Juglans.)" (&Y/7/. ) Beaten from quince. (Kuiyht.)
One specimen from Palos Park, 111., has the pubescent markings
of thorax, elytra and femora snow-white instead of yellowish.

751 (8736). COXOTRACHELUS LEUCOPH.EATUS Fahr., Schon., 1837, 417.

Oval, robust. Piceous, rather thickly clothed with small oval, dark
brown and whitish scales, the latter covering in great part the elytra and
femora and forming two irregular lines each side of thorax; the former the
disc of thorax, basal third and tips of elytra; antennas, tibiae and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak about as long as head and thorax, cylindrical, curved,
carinate and striate on basal half. Thorax as wide at base as long, sides
deeply sinuate; disc coarsely and roughly punctate, the median carina
short, distinct. Elytra one-half wider at base and three times as long as
thorax, humeri obtusely angulated; strial punctures rather small, deep;
alternate intervals feebly costate, the first costa interrupted behind the mid-
dle, the second near base. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Lake County, Ind., rare; May 28. New Jersey, rare; Sept.
23. Described from Mexico; abundant in Texas; recorded from
Kansas and Colorado. Pierce (1907, 275) states that at Dallas,
Texas, it breeds in the stems of pig-weed, Atitorauthus, and those
of the flowering spurge, Euphorbia corollata L., the larva1 being-
found throughout the summer. Taken also on cotton, corn and
oak.

GROUP V. (FISSUNGUIS GROUP.)

This group contains a single species,- having the beak stout,
slightly curved, as long as head and thorax, shining near tip,
carinate and coarsely striate on basal two-thirds; antennae in-
serted one-fifth from its tip; elytra partly clothed with very
fine short pubescence, the intervals each with a row of very
short bristles ; femora with a short dull tooth ; tarsal claws cleft
at tip.

752 (8737). CONOTRACHELUS FISSUNGUIS Lee., 1876, 234.

Broadly oval, robust, convex. Dark brown; elytra in great part densely
clothed with short yellow pubescence, darker near apex, a short denuded
blackish band crossing the suture about the middle; femora annulated
with yellow pubescence; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi paler. Thorax as long
as wide, sides slightly rounded, feebly constricted near apex; disc very
coarsely and deeply punctured and with longitudinal ridges near the tip,
the middle one more distinct. Elytra at base one-half wider than thorax,

482 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

sides parallel, then obliquely narrowed to apex; disc with rows of large
distant punctures; intervals wide, flat. Abdomen coarsely punctured.
Length 5 — 5.5 mm.

Occurs in New Jersey along shore in mallow swamps ; July-
October. Nelson County, Va., July 31. Ranges from New Jersey
and District of Columbia to Louisiana, breeding in the seed pods
of the swamp rose-mallow, Hibiscus mosclieutos L.

GROUP VI. (ERIXACEUS GROUP.)

Small, less robust species easily known by the pubescence
being mixed with long, stout, erect bristles ; beak rather slender,
longer than head and thorax, slightly curved, feebly striate, finely
and sparsely punctate; antennae inserted one-fourth from its tip;
elytra not costate ; femora armed with a single tooth ; claws
deeply cleft, the tooth being as long as the outer part.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP VI.

a. Thorax wider than long, very coarsely, deeply and densely punctate.

753. ERINACETJS.

era. Thorax not wider than long, not cribrately punctate.. 754. HISPIDUS.

753 (8738). CONOTRACHELUS ERINACEUS Lee., 1876, 235.

Oval. Dark reddish-brown; elytra densely clothed with short, gray-
ish-yellow hair-like scales, with a few small patches of white scales inter-
mixed; thorax with two narrow lines of yellowish scales each side, the
erect bristles shorter than those of elytra; legs, antennas and beak brown.
Thorax a little wider than long, sides nearly parallel, feebly narrowed and
constricted near apex. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax, base
truncate, humeri abruptly rounded; disc with rows of large shallow punc-
tures, usually hidden by the scales; intervals slightly convex. Beneath
shining, sparsely pubescent, coarsely, not densely punctured. Length 2.8
—3.2 mm.

Frequent in southern Indiana ; Lake County only in the north ;
April 19 — Oct. 18. Occurs mainly beneath rubbish along the
banks of streams ; also on hickory. Ranges from Ohio and north-
ern Indiana to District of Columbia, Florida and Texas. Taken
on cotton and Baptisia in Texas. (Pierce.}

754 (8739). CONOTRACHELUS HISPIDUS Lee., 1876, 235.

Similar to erinaceus but smaller. Brown, covered with cinereous scaly
pubescence, mixed with bristles which are as long on thorax as on elytra;
beak, antennae and legs pale brown. Thorax not wider than long, coarsely
punctured. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, more elongate than in
erinaceus. Femoral tooth smaller and more acute. Length 2.5 mm.

Recorded only from District of Columbia and Georgia; rare.

TRIBE XXI. - CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 483

III. BHYSSEMATUS Schon., 1837. (Gr., "rough" + "skin.")

Oval, convex, robust, nearly glabrous, black or dark brown
species, having the beak shorter than head and thorax, cylin-
drical, moderately curved; funicle 7-jointed, two basal joints
rather longer, 3 — 7 much shorter ; thorax wider than long, scarcely
narrower at base than elytra, strongly narrowed near apex, disc
strigose with raised lines; femora toothed beneath; tibiae with an
acute tooth near apex. Occur mostly on milkweed (Asclepias),
the larvae breeding in the seed-pods and pupating in the ground.
The species have been treated by

Horn, G. H.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873, 463.
Casey, T. L.— Ann. N. 1. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895, 832.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RHYSSEMATUS.

a. Elytra with pale brown pubescent spots; strigse of thorax strongly
oblique; scutellum densely hairy. 755. PALMACOLLIS.

aa. Elytra wholly black or piceous; scutellum nearly glabrous.

b. Alternate elytral intervals more strongly carinate; humeral car-

inas short.

c. Thorax with sides subparallel near base, its strigae not oblique;

larger, 5.5 — 6.5 mm. 756. LINEATICOLLIS.

cc. Thorax with sides converging from base to apex, its strigge

more or less oblique and converging toward the middle;

smaller, 4.8 — 5 mm. 757. ANNECTANS.

bb. Elytral intervals nearly equal, feebly carinate, the humeral carinae

entire; strigae of thorax oblique; smaller, not over 4 mm.

758.

755 (S741). RHYSSEMATUS PALMACOLLIS Say, 1831, 16, 27; ibid, I, 279, 295.

Short, oval, robust. Black, feebly shining, elytra obsoletely spotted
with brownish, especially near apex, the spots slightly pubescent; scutellum
densely clothed with brownish hairs. Beak as long as thorax, rather stout,
slightly widened, somewhat flattened and sparsely punctured near tip;
its basal two-thirds striate, finely carinate above. Thorax nearly twice as
wide at base as long, sides gradually curved from base to apex; disc with a
fine median carina and numerous oblique strigae radiating therefrom. Ely-
tra with suture and each alternate interval acutely carinate, with two rows
of coarse, deep oblong punctures between the carinae. Body beneath coarse-
ly, abdomen and legs more finely and densely, punctured, each puncture
bearing a short yellowish hair at bottom. Length 4.5 — 5.7 mm.

Vigo, Posey, Crawford and Clark counties, Ind., scarce; April
G — Sept. 27. Taken beneath drift in low ground in April ; from
goldeurod in September. Lake Okeechobee, Fla., March 1. A
member of the Austroriparian fauna, ranging from District of
Columbia and southern Ohio to Florida and Texas. Bred bv Dr.

484 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

J. C. Arthur from galls caused by a fungus (Cystopiis] on the
wild sweet potato, Ipoiitwa pcnuliirata L., and stated by Pierce
(1916) to breed in the seed-pods of Ipoiuwa sinuata Ort., in
Texas.

756 (8742). RHYSSEMATUS LINEATICOIXIS Say, 1824, 313; ibid, II, 175.

Larger and more robust. Elytra entirely black without brownish pub-
escent spots; antennae and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak more strongly
striate and acutely carinate on basal half. Thorax more than twice as wide
as long, sides strongly curved, apex scarcely constricted, surface with deep
strigse, longitudinal and nearly parallel with the median line, becoming
slightly curved near the sides. Length 5.5 — 6.5 mm.

Tippecanoe and Vermillion counties, Ind., scarce; June 13.
Near New York City, many records; West Poi nt to Anglesea;
June — Aug. Ranges from Massachusetts to Michigan and Kan-
sas, south to Florida and Texas. Breeds in the seed pods of
several species of milkweed (Aselepias}.

757 (— — ). RHYSSEMATUS ANNECTANS Casey, 1895, 834.

Narrowly oval. Black, feebly shining; antennae and tarsi pale reddish-
brown, club dusky. Head thickly clothed with yellowish hairs, finely and
densely punctate. Beak about as long as head and thorax, nearly straight,
sculptured as in lineaticollis ; antennas inserted at apical third. Thorax
about twice as wide as long, sculptured as described in key. Elytra oblong-
oval, almost one-fourth wider at base and about three times as long as tho-
rax; strial punctures large, quadrate, alternate intervals strongly carinate.
Under surface more finely and densely punctate than in the preceding.
Length 4.8 — 5 mm.

Lake and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce; May 29 — 30. Taken
beneath cover in sand. Chicago, 111., July 20. Known only from
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Recorded by Dury as abundant on
and eating out the heads of swamp milkweed, Aselepias inear-
nata L., May 24. Close to but probably distinct from lineaticollis,
especially in its more narrow form and oblique thoracic strigte.

758 (8743). RHYSSEMATUS ^QUALIS Horn, 1873, 464.

Oblong-oval, robust. Black, feebly shining; antenna? and tarsi reddish-
brown. Beak sparsely punctured in front, basal half striate-punctate, not
carinate. Thorax at base one-third wider than long, sides curved, feebly
constricted near apex, disc with fine oblique strigas, a few punctures along
apical and basal margins. Elytra oval, feebly narrowed at apex, disc with
rows of coarse, deep, elongate punctures; intervals nearly flat, each with
two irregular rows of very fine punctures bearing minute yellowish bristles.
Beneath coarsely, abdomen very densely and more finely punctured. Length
3.3 — 4 mm.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI.

485

Not yet recognized from Indiana, though it should occur.
Enterprise, Miss., June 11. Recorded from Cincinnati, Ohio.
Beverly Hill, Chicago, 111., May 21. Ranges from Pennsylvania,
Iowa and Kansas, south to District of Columbia and Mississippi.
Not rare by beating the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L., in
August. (Hamilton.} The alternate intervals are distinctly
more carinate in the Chicago specimens.

IV. CHALCODERMUS Schon., 1837. (Gr., "bronze" -f "skin.")

Oval, robust, convex species, usually with a coppery or bronze
lustre and having the beak more slender than in Rliyssematus,
as long as or longer than thorax; elytral intervals not carinate,
the outer striae as mentioned in key ; femora toothed ; tibia1 with-
out a tooth on outer edge near apex, the front ones narrower at
basal third. Chalcodernuis spinifer Boh. of the Florida list is
Stcrneclms armatus Casey, the identification as C. spinifer by
Dr. LeConte having been erroneous.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CHALCODERMUS.

Thorax coarsely punctured, not strigose; body black.

a.
aa. Thorax deeply strigose.

b. Body brown, elytra paler; thoracic strigse regular.
&&. Body black; thoracic strigse irregular. 761.

759.

760. COLLARIS.
I.N.EQUICOLLIS.

Fig. 1 08. a, Beetle; b, larva; c, head of larva; d, pupa. a, b and
d X 5- (After Chitteiiden.)

759 (8746). CHALCODERMUS ^.NEUS Boh., Schon., 1837, 388.

Oval, convex, robust. Black, finely alutaceous, usually with a bronzo
tinge. Beak nearly straight, slightly longer than thorax, sparsely punc-
tulate, feebly carinate; eyes very narrowly separated. Thorax one-fourth
wider at base than long, suddenly narrowed in front, sides obtusely toothed
behind the constriction, disc very coarsely and rather sparsely punctate.
Elytra oval, convex, sides subparallel on basal half, then gradually nar-
rowed to apex; disc with rows of large, deep, rather distant punctures; in-
tervals alutaceous, each with a row of very fine punctures, each puncture
bearing a very minute scale. Beneath coarsely, abdomen more sparsely,
last ventral more densely, punctured. Length 4.8 — 5.5 mm. (Fig. 108.)

486 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Posey County, lud., rare, May 4. Dunedin, Fla., March 25—
Apr. 11. Ranges from Maryland to Oklahoma, south to Florida
and Texas. Known as the "cow-pea cnrculio," the larvae breeding
in the pods of cow-peas and closely related legumes, sometimes
attacking the stems of cotton and often mistaken for the cotton-
boll weevil, Antlwnomiis grandis Boh. When full-grown the
larva cuts a hole in the pod, drops to the ground and pupates at
a depth of one to four inches beneath the surface. About a month
is required from egg to maturity. The adults hibernate beneath
rubbish and earth and emerge in May and June. One of the many
interesting Austroriparian species that find their way up into
southwestern Indiana.

760 (8748). CHALCODERMUS COLLAKIS Horn, 1873, 467.

Form of (eneus. Brownish with bronzed lustre, elytra reddish-brown,
obsoletely marked with brownish spots. Beak more
finely and sparsely punctured and eyes more widely
separated than in crneus. Head minutely alutaceous,
finely punctate. Thorax one-third wider at base
than long, sides slightly sinuate in front, thence
curved to base; disc strongly convex, deeply longi-
tudinally strigose, finely punctured near apex. Scu-
tellum pmall, smooth, bronzed. Elytra sculptured as
in trneus. Length 4.7 — 5.5 mm. (Fig. 109.)

Spencer Co., Ind., rare; June 14. lona,

Atlantic City, Sea Isle, Cape May and Angle-
tig. 109. X 5

(After Chittenden.) S9t% ^ j May 31_Jllne 28, OU CaSSia. Dis-

trict of Columbia, June. Ormond, Fla., March 13 — April 11 ;
beaten from oak. Ranges from Massachusetts and New Jersey
to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. Occurs on the evening
primrose, Onagra Mennis L. in Illinois. (Hart.)

761 (8747). CHALCODERMUS IN^EQUICOLLIS Horn, 1873, 466.

Oval, robust. Black with a distinct aeneous tinge. Beak sparsely punc-
tured at tip, feebly silicate at sides near base, above obtusely sub-carinate.
Head sparsely punctured, eyes moderately distant with a small impressed
puncture between them. Thorax one-fourth wider at base than long, sides
in front feebly sinuous, then broadly curved to base; median line carinate
in front, suddenly widely so at middle; disc with deep broad irregular sulci
near apex and on sides, these enclosing a large irregular smooth space each
side near base; sides of thorax beneath with deep, broad, short grooves,
while (rneus has deep foveate punctures. Other characters as in ccneus.
Length 4.8 — 5.5 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., March 25; taken from the axils of the leaves of
Car duns spinosissiinus Walt. Recorded only from Georgia, Ft.
Capron, Fla., and Arkansas.

TRIBE XXI. CBYPTORHYNCHINI. 487

V. CHALEPONOTUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "hard" + "back.")

Differs from CJialcodermus by characters given in key and by
having the mandibles very thick, strongly curved; basal joint of
fnnicle shorter than second, which is as long as the next two;
elytral intervals elevated as in Rln/sscincitns.

762 (11,063). CHALEPONOTUS ELUSUS Casey, 1892, 444.

Oval, convex. Black, shining, glabrous, each puncture bearing a very
minute seta. Beak rather slender, cylindrical, evenly curved, as long as
head and thorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae inserted beyond its
middle. Thorax subconical, one-fourth wider than long, sides broadly curved
from base to the subapical constriction; disc finely, evenly, deeply not
densely punctate, with a small smooth spot at middle. Elytra oval, one-third
wider and two and a half times longer than thorax, humeri oblique; disc
finely striate, the strial punctures small, deep, elongate, remote; inter-
vals equal, strongly convex, each with a row of small punctures. Abdomen
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 4 mm.

Described from a single Indiana specimen. Not known to ns.

VI. MICROHYUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "little" + "pig.")

Here belongs a single small brown ovate species, having the
beak shorter than thorax, nearly straight, finely punctured ; an-
tenna? inserted one-third from its tip ; scape scarcely reaching
the eyes, funicle short, first joint longer and stouter, the others
subnioniliform, closely united ; head inserted in thorax beyond the
eyes in repose; postocular lobes absent; prosternum deeply
ernarginate in front, its pectoral groove deep ; first ventral slightly
longer than second, third and fourth shorter, fifth as long as
second, flat, rounded behind; femora not toothed; last joint of
tarsi as long as the others united.

763 (8752). MICROHYUS SETIGER Lee., 1876, 238.

Oval. Dark reddish-brown clothed with a crust of small, dark brown
scales and bearing numerous stout erect bristles; antennse and legs paler.
Eyes small, widely separated. Thorax conical, gradually narrowed from
the base, sides feebly rounded, broadly constricted near apex; sculpture
hidden by the crust. Elytra broadly oval, one-half wider at base than tho-
rax; striae deep, alternate intervals a little wider and more convex. Be-
neath densely and coarsely punctured. Length 1.8 — 2.4 mm.

Marion and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April 25 — June 4.
Beaten from dead branches of beech. Recorded from Pennsyl-
vania, Ohio, District of Columbia and Georgia. Easily known
by its small size, brown color and numerous prominent bristles,
which are all erect in the specimens in hand, not reclinate on
the elytra as stated by LeConte.

488 SUBFAMILY X. CTJRCULIONINJE.

Subtribe II. CRYPTORHYNCHI.

Species varying- much in size and appearance but all agreeing
in having the front coxse separated, the beak lying between them
in repose, the pectoral groove distinctly limited behind; tarsal
claws simple, usually small. A new genus has been erected for
Acalles nuclialis Lee., and two genera founded by Casey and one
by Faust are also to be added to those recognized by LeConte and
Horn. Macromerus mcestus Lee., J. E. (1824, 171) based on one
specimen and not since recognized, has been dropped altogether.
Dr. Schwarz, from the description only, considers it a synonym
of Cry ptorhijii chits parochus Hbst.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBTRIBE CRYPTORHYNCHI.

a. Funicle of antennae 6-jointecl.

b. Elytra with rectangular humeri; femora toothed; three middle
ventral segments subequal in length; surface densely clothed
with scales. VII. EUSCEPES.

bb. Elytra oblong-oval with rounded humeri; femora unarmed; sur-
face usually nearly glabrous; second ventral segment longer than
third.

c. Mesosternum with shallow emargination. VIII. TYLODERMA.

cc. Mesosternum protuberant. IX. MICRALCINUS.

aa. Funicle of antenna? 7-jointed.

d. Thorax prolonged over the head.

e. Scutellum invisible; tarsi moderately dilated, scarcely spongy

beneath; second ventral segment longer than third and fourth

combined. X. LEMBODES.

ee. Scutellum visible; third joint of tarsi dilated and bilobed as

usual; tibiae very short, not more than one-half as long as

femora; second ventral segment long but not longer than

third and fourth combined. XI. PARACAMPTUS.

dd. Thorax not prolonged over the head.

/. Club of antennae not annulated except near tip, solid or nearly so.

g. Middle and hind tibiae rapidly increasing in width from base

to middle, then abruptly narrowed, the apical half not wider

than base; antennal club as long as the preceding five joints

united; form oblong-oval, unevenly clothed with scales.

XII. CANISTES,

gg. Tibiae normal, slender; process between the hind femora tri-
angular; form pear-shaped, convex, thinly clothed with re-
clined bristles. XIII. EURHOPTUS.
-f-f. Club of antennae annulated as usual.

h. Tibiae slightly spined at tip; ventral segments 2 — 4 subequal;
form usually broadly oval. XIV. PSEUDOMUS.

hfi. Tibiae armed with a strong hook at tip.

i. Second ventral segment much longer than third.
j. Episterna of the metasternum very small, usually invisible;
length rarely over 3.5 mm. XV. ACALLES.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORIIYNCIIIM. 480

•jj. Episterna of the metasternum distinct; second ventral
twice as long as third; length 3.8 — 4 mm.

XVI. PSEUDOACALLES.

ii. Ventral segments 2 — 4 equal or nearly so.
k. Scutellum invisible; femora unarmed.

I. Form very broad; elytra dilated behind humeri.

XVII. GERST.^CKERIA.
II. Form slender, oblong-oval; base of thorax strongly bi-

sinuate. XVIII. APTEROMECHUS.

7v7c. Scutellum visible; femora sulcate beneath, usually armed.

XIX. CRYPTORHYNCHUS.

VII. EUSCEPES Schon., 1844. (Gr., "beautiful" + "vestiture.")

Elongate subparallel species, having the funicle 6- jointed, the
first and second joints elongate, three to six short, snbglobose;
second ventral segment longer than either third or fourth, which
are subequal and together equal in length to fifth ; middle and
hind coxa? more widely separated than in Acallcs. One species
occurs in Florida.

764 (8770). EUSCEPES POECELLUS Boh., Schn., 1844, 430.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Brown, densely clothed with dark brown and
clay-yellow scales, the latter covering the basal and apical thirds cf elytra.
Beak of male stout, shorter than thorax, striate, finely carinate, densely
scaly; of female more slender, one-third longer, glabrous and shining near
tip. Thorax slightly longer than wide, widest at middle, sides feebly
rounded, sculpture hidden by scales. Elytra oblong, one-fourth wider at
base than thorax, humeri prominent, sides nearly parallel; less obliquely
narrowed and more broadly rounded behind than usual; strial punctures
large, round, close-set; intervals narrow, convex, each with a row of rather
long, slender, pale erect setae. Under surface sparsely but evenly covered
with large oval whitish scales. Length 2.3 — 2.7 mm.

Pelican Bay, Lake Okeechobee, March 1 — March 6; common
beneath decaying stems of the water hyacinth, Plaropus cras-
sipes Mart., next to the water's edge. Biscayne, Miami, Enter-
prise and Cape Sable, March — May. Acalles longiilus Lee.
(1876, 244) is a synonym. Both LeConte and Pierce include this
erroneously among the species with 7-jointed funicle.

VIII. TYLODERMA Say, 1831. (Gr., "rough" + "skin.")

Oblong or oblong-oval, usually nearly glabrous species of a
dark color, having the beak short and stout, the apex of the pec-
toral groove receiving it in repose therefore not extending so far
into the mesosternum and rendering the emargination of that
segment more shallow; eyes small, widely separated, both they

490 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

and the antenna? almost hidden by the prominent postocular
lobes and the sides of the deep pectoral groove; thorax longer
than wide, rounded in front; metasternum long, with distinct
though narrow side pieces; second ventral segment longer than
third; femora rather slender, unarmed; third tarsal joint dilated,
bilobed ; tarsal claws small, free, simple. Our species are for the
most part stem borers, the larva pupating in its feeding cell. For
literature pertaining to them the student is referred to

Horn, G. H.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873, 467—469.
(Analcis.)

Casey, Tlios. L. — "Coleopterological Notices, IV — Tyloderma"
-in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VT, 1892, 448—457.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF TYLODERMA.*

a. Body more or less dull, very coarsely, deeply sculptured; thorax with

large uneven fovese. 765. FOVEOLATA.

aa. Body smoother and more shining; thorax punctate rather than

foveate.

b. Elytra rather thickly clothed with pale yellowish and whitish
scales which are condensed in four oblong patches at base and
numerous small transverse spots scattered over the surface.

7C6. MACULATA.

6&. Elytra glabrous, or very sparsely and unevenly pubescent.

c. Elytra oval, widest near basal third; thorax very deeply and
densely punctate; surface reddish-brown. 767. FBAGARIJE.

cc. Elytra becoming parallel and straight at sides towards base.
d. Surface reddish brown or paler; thoracic punctures coarse,

uneven and impressed.

e. Thorax rather longer than wide, more closely and finely
punctured near apex; elytra piceous, sparsely mottled with
rufous, sometimes almost wholly rufous, the rows of punc-
tures regular. 768. VARIEGATA.
ee. Thorax scarcely longer than wide, more widened toward
base; sparsely and unevenly punctate; elytra wholly red-
dish-brown, the punctures in irregular rows toward base.

769. RUFESOENS.

del. Surface black or piceous-black, often bronzed, rather shining,

wholly glabrous; thorax more or less minutely punctate.
/. Elytral humeri very narrowly exposed at base. 770. BARIDIA.
ff. Elytral humeri broadly exposed.

g. Punctures of thoracic disc strong though sparse through-
out; body rather robust. 771. NIGRA.
gg. Punctures of thoracic disc very fine or subobsolete; body
narrower.

*Casey, from whose paper the following synopsis is mainly condensed, states that T.
longa Lee. belongs to Cryptorhynchus.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 491

7?. Punctures of thoracic flanks strong and unevenly dis-
tributed over the entire surface. 772. YEREA.
M). Punctures of the flanks entirely obsolete, except in the
subapical constriction. 773. PUTJCTATA.

765 (8779). TYLODERMA FOVEOLATA Say, 1831, 19; ibid, I, 284.

Oblong. Black, opaque, antennas and tarsi dark reddish-brown; surface
with small patches of dirty whitish hair-like scales on middle of vertex, be-
tween the eyes, and at. apex of thorax, a curved row each side of thorax
from before the middle to near the sides of base; elytra also with numerous
irregular spots on disc and a broad uneven band at apical fourth. Beak not
longer than head, broad, coarsely punctate; head more finely and sparsely
punctate, with a deep frontal groove. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
strongly rounded, disc with very coarse, deep, uneven, rather close-set,
punctures, their intervals finely alutaceous. Elytra at base not wider than
thorax at middle; sides parallel to apical third, thence rounded to tips;
disc with irregular rows of large, deep, uneven foveaa, becoming obsolete to-
ward apex. Length 3 — 5.8 mm.

Common throughout Indiana on evening primrose; March 12
-Nov. 7. Hibernates beneath boards and rubbish. Throughout
New Jersey, May — July. West Point, N. Y. Kanges from New
England to Michigan and Nebraska, south to Florida. Breeds
in the steins of the evening primrose, Onagra Mennis L., and the
willow herb, EpiloMuiu. Varies much in size, (a specimen in
hand being scarcely 3 mm. in length), and in sculpture, the punc-
tures of elytra being sometimes in regular rows, again very un-
evenly distributed.

766 (— — ). TYLODERMA MACULATA sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown; head and thorax thinly
clothed with prostrate hair-like scales; elytra rather thickly maculate
with similar condensed scales as described in key; antennse and tarsi pale
reddish-brown. Beak nearly as long as head and thorax, carinate, finely
striate, coarsely and densely punctate. Head finely and rather closely
punctate and with a small, round, deep fovea between the eyes. Thorax
scarcely wider than long, sides broadly rounded, feebly narrowed in front,
disc densely, coarsely and evenly punctate. Elytra oval, one-fourth wider
at base than thorax, humeri rounded, sides feebly converging from base to
behind middle, then more rapidly to the obtuse apex; strise with regular
rows of rather fine rounded punctures; intervals feebly convex. Under
surface and legs rather finely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing
a fine grayish prostrate hair. Length 4.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Little River, Florida, rare; March 17. The maculate elytra
and deep frontal fovea easily distinguish this from all other de-
scribed species. The sculpture of thorax is quite similar to
though coarser than that of fr(if/<iria\ but the elytra are of very
different shape.

492

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONHSLSS.

7G7 (8781). TYLODERMA FRAGARIJE Riley, 1871, 42.

Oblong-oval, convex. Piceous, elytra and legs reddish-brown, the for-
mer with a transverse blackish
spot on each near base, a second
near middle and another small-
er at apical fourth; the basal one
often absent; pubescence very
sparse, yellowish, condensed near
middle of elytra in an oblique
band and again at apical third.

Beak longer than head, both den-
Fig. 1 10 a, Laiva: b, side view of adult;

c. beetle x f>- (After Riley.) sely and coarsely punctured.

Thorax as long as wide, sides broadly rounded, disc coarsely, evenly and
densely punctured. Elytra at base not wider than middle of thorax, widest
at basal third; disc with rows of distant punctures, coarse toward base,
small toward apex; intervals feebly convex, minutely punctate. Length
3.5 — 4.2 mm.

Tippecanoe, Floyd and Spencer counties, Tnd., scnrce; April
4 — May 24. Arlington and Maplewood. N. J., under stones; Apr.
—June. Ranges from New Jersey to northern Illinois, south to
District of Columbia. Known as the "strawberry crown-borer/'
the larvae breeding in the crowns and roots of strawberry, feeding
on the tissues and woody portions, so that the plant easily breaks
off and is heaved out of the ground by frost. (Riley.} Burning-
over the beds after the fruit is gathered is recommended as a
remedy.

768 (8780). TYLODERMA VARIEGATA Horn, 1873, 4G8.

Oblong. Piceous, shining; thorax feebly rufescent near apex; elytra
piceous with small, scattered reddish-brown patches, which are very sparsely
clothed with yellowish-white hair-like scales; sometimes reddish-brown
with piceous patches. Beak of female longer than head, narrower than in
foveolata, coarsely and sparsely punctate; frontal fovea small, faint or
obsolete. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides broadly rounded, converg-
ing and feebly constricted toward apex; disc finely alutaceous, sparsely,
coarsely and rather unevenly punctate, the punctures finer toward apex
and on sides. Base of elytra one-third wider than that of thorax,
sides parallel and nearly straight to apical fourth; disc with regular rows
of larger distant punctures. Beneath coarsely and sparsely punctate.
Length 3—4.2 mm.

Brown County, Ind. ; April 29, on apple trees. Lake Okee-
chobee and Baldwin, Fla., March 2 — June 10; beneath drift on
sandy beach. Ranges from Michigan and Illinois to and through-
out the Gulf states. The two Okeechobee specimens both have
the elytra largely reddish-brown, with scattered piceous spots.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCH1N!. 493

769 (11.070). TYLODERMA RUFESCENS Casey, 1892, 454.

Close to variegata; form slightly more oval. Dark reddish-brown,
elytra with paler spots and with the yellowish pubescence arranged in a
narrow median and a wider oblique post-median band. Beak shorter, both
it and thorax more coarsely and unevenly punctate. Length 3.2 — 4.3 mm.

Knox County, Ind., rare; July 4. Recorded only from Indiana
by Casey.

770 (8784). TYLODERMA BARIDIA Lee., 1876, 249.

Oval, gradually pointed behind. Black, feebly tinged with bronze;
finely alutaceous. Beak and head rather finely and deeply punctate;
frontal fovea small, feeble. Thorax slightly wider than long, apex much
narrower than base, disc finely but deeply, remotely and evenly punctate.
Elytra very slightly wider at base than thorax, disc with rows of small,
remote punctures becoming nearly obsolete towards apex; intervals each
with a row of very fine punctures bearing minute white hairs. Length
3.8 — 4.2 mm.

Recorded from Florida and Texas. "Easily known by the
oval, posteriorly pointed form and feebly exposed humeri."
(Casey.} Taken on cotton at Hempbill, Texas, April 1. (Pierce.}

771 (- -). TYLODERMA NIGRA Casey, 1884, 56.

Broadly oval, robust. Black with bluish or bronzed metallic lustre,
polished. Beak and head opaque, the former shorter than head, very broad,
its punctures dense and coarse; head sparsely and finely punctate and
with an elongate frontal fovea. Thorax slightly wider than long; sides paral-
lel from base to middle, then strongly converging to apex; disc sparsely
and finely, sides much more coarsely and rather thickly punctate.
Elytra at base one-third wider than thorax, sides feebly converging from
base to apex; disc with rows of rather fine, distant punctures, which be-
come obsolete behind the middle. Length 3 — 3.7 mm.

Fountain, Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties, Ind., scarce;
May 15 — June 17. Rogers Park, 111., June 2fi. Irvington and
Arlington, X. J. ; Jan. — June. Differs from (crea in its "larger
size, more robust form, much coarser punctures of thorax and
elongate fovea of vertex." (Casey.)

772 (8783). TYLODERMA .EREA Say, 1831, 29; ibid, I, 297.

Narrowly oval, convex. Black, strongly bronzed, highly polished, the
head, beak and legs dull. Beak as long as head, both finely and rather
densely punctate; frontal fovea obsolete. Thorax slightly wider than long,
widest at middle, thence feebly narrowed to base, more strongly toward apex;
disc minutely alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate; sides
more coarsely and closely punctate, each puncture with a minute seta.
Elytra at base two-fifths wider than thorax, sides nearly parallel from
base to middle, then gradually converging to apex; disc with rows of
fine, remote punctures, which are wanting on apical third. Length 2.2—
2.8 mm.

494 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^B.

Frequent throughout Indiana; Jan. 6— Sept. 25. Taken by
sweeping and beneath rubbish, usually near water. Throughout
New Jersey, March — July, not rare. West Point, N. Y., on eve-
ning primrose. Black Mountains, N. C., June — August. Lake
Okeechobee, Fla., March 2. Ranges from Canada and New Eng-
land to Michigan and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas. Occurs
on plants growing in bogs. (Ulke.) The punctures of elytral
rows in most specimens at hand extend to the middle or beyond.

773 (- -). TYLODERMA PUXCTATA Casey, 1884, 57.

Elongate-oval, strongly convex. Black with a strong bronzed lustre,
polished, glabrous. Thorax as long as wide, sides almost converging from
base to apex, slightly curved on middle third; disc almost impunctate,
the upper portion toward the base with minute sparse punctures; a trans-
verse area just behind apex, distinctly and confusedly punctate; the punc-
tures becoming large and deep in a still narrower and more apical line in
the constriction of the sides. Elytra with rows of coarse, unimpressed,
remote punctures, becoming obsolete behind the middle. Length 3.5 — -4 mm.

Southern two-thirds of Indiana, scarce; May 8 — Oct. 0. Taken
beneath oak bark in May, and in a decaying fungus at the base of
a red oak stump in October. Irvington and Lakehurst, N. J.,
June 21— July 12. Peekskill, Nyack and Youkers, N. Y. Dune-
din, Fla., Jan. 15. Ranges from New England to Illinois, south
to Florida. Larger than cerea and with very different punctua-
tion of thorax. A small form, 2.3 — 3 mm. in length, with both
thorax and elytra almost impunctate, occurs abundantly in
winter, mating in February and March, beneath boards along the
margins of lakes and ponds near Duuedin and other points in
Florida.

IX. MICRALCINUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "small" -(- Analcis.)

Here belongs a single small southern species having the post-
ocular lobes prominent; elytra not suddenly wider than thorax
but regularly oval, their base emarginate; mesosternum protu-
berant and perpendicular in front, femora slender, sinuate be-
neath, not toothed ; claws small, divergent, simple.

774 (8740). MICRALCINUS CRIBRATUS Lee., 1876, 236.

"Oval. Blackish-brown, shining, sparsely pubescent; elytra mottled
with small spots of fine gray hair and with patches of a brown color to-
ward the tips; antennae reddish-brown. Beak rather stout, scarcely as
long as thorax, deeply grooved and punctured. Thorax as long as wide,
rounded on sides, narrowed in front, cribrate with large, deep punctures
and with a small, smooth callus at middle. Elytra one-third wider than
thorax, humeri rounded; striae composed of large deep punctures, becom-

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 495

ing smaller towards tip. Beneath strongly, not densely punctured. Length.
3.2 mm." (LeConte.*)

Described from Capron, Fla. Resembles Tylodcniia variec/ata
Horn in color and general appearance. Known to us only by the
type in LeCoute collection, which has 6-joiuted funicle as con-
firmed by Mr. Samuel Henshaw's recent examination.

X. LEMBODES Schon., 1844. (Gr., "boat" + "like.")

Beak somewhat longer than head, subcylindrical, nearly
straight ; first and second joints of funicle longer than the others,
obconic, third one-half shorter, 4 — 7 short, loosely jointed, gradu-
ally wider; club short, oval, annulated; eyes rounded, depressed,
separated by the width of beak; suture between first and second
ventrals obsolete; femora unarmed; tarsi moderately dilated,
scarcely spongy beneath.

775 (8755). LEMBODES SOLITARIUS Boh., Schn., 1844, 437.

Elongate-oblong, slender. Black, densely clothed with a grayish spongy
.crust which usually conceals the sculpture; thorax with indistinct median
and lateral paler stripes; elytra with a faint crossbar of whitish scales
behind the middle; antennas reddish-brown. Beak finely and rather
closely punctate, shining toward tip. Thorax oblong, sides straight; disc
uneven, widely impressed behind the apex, densely and finely punctate
and with tufts of stout setae toward the front. Elytra elongate, convex,
scarcely wider at base than thorax, widest behind the middle; sides nearly
straight, feebly converging from middle to the obtuse apex; disc coarsely
striate-punctate; alternate intervals slightly more convex, each with a row
of short, stout setae. Length 4 — 4.8 mm.

Cape Jupiter, Key West, Punta Gorda and St. Lucie, Fla.;
April 4 — Sept. 17. Described from Guadeloupe.
XL PARACAMPTUS Casey, 1895. (Gr.. "near" -f- Acamptus.)

Beak three-fourths the length of thorax, nearly straight, com-
pletely concealed in repose in the long, deep pectoral groove;
funicle 7-jointed, first and second joints elongate, the first the
longer; scutellum small, distinct, acutely elevated; metasternum
elongate, its episterna distinct; first and second ventral seg-
ments long, third and fourth short, fifth nearly as long as the
two preceding; femora unarmed; tibiae as in key, ending in a
strong curved spur; third joint of tarsi dilated and bilobed;
claws short, stout, simple, divergent.

776 (— — ). PARACAMPTUS SUBTROPICUS Casey, 1895, 837.

Elongate-oblong, strongly convex. Black, densely clothed on body and
legs with a thick grayish, felt-like crust bearing sparse subclavate setae
which are distinct on thorax, very short and distinct only on the elevated

496 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

intervals of elytra; the latter with an elongate, subdenuded blackish spot
behind the scutellum and transverse rows of small darker spots near the
middle and at apical third. Beak piceous, naked except near base, shining,
punctate. Thorax as long as wide, sides parallel near base, narrowed and
sinuate toward apex which is strongly and evenly rounded. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax, one-third longer than wide, sides parallel and
nearly straight, the apex broadly rounded; disc finely striate, not distinct-
ly punctate; alternate intervals strongly elevated, their crests nearly flat.
Length 2.2—3 mm.

Punta Gorda, Fla. The thorax in some specimens is darker
with a fine median line and wider lateral stripe paler.

XII. CANISTES Casey, 1892.

Beak slightly shorter than thorax, the pectoral groove for its
reception in repose deep and reaching almost to metasternum ;
eyes rather small, almost concealed in repose; antennae inserted
behind middle of beak; funicle 7 -jointed, first joint slightly
shorter than second, which is nearly as long as the next three;
metasternum very short, its episterna distinct, epimera not visi-
ble ; second ventral much longer than the next two together ; legs
stout, robust, femora unarmed, tibiae as mentioned in generic
key; tarsi short, slender, the third joint dilated, bilobed ; claws
small, simple, free and divergent.

777 (11,067). CANISTES SCHUSTEIU Casey, 1892, 447.

Oblong-oval, strongly convex. Black, unevenly clothed with small
yellowish or brownish scales, which are dense on the head and legs, more
elongate and thinly placed on sides of thorax, and very widely scattered
on elytra, visible more especially near base, in a transverse line at apical
third and back of it along the suture. Beak feebly curved, shining, finely
and sparsely punctate in apical two-thirds, punctate and scaly near base.
Thorax at middle slightly wider than long, sides nearly straight on basal
half, then strongly narrowing to apex; disc with a wide, deep, transverse
constriction near apex, coarsely, deeply and densely punctate. Elytra
scarcely wider than thorax, disc not striate, the punctures very fine and
sparse, more coarse and in rows very near the base. Length 3.3 mm.

Kockhaven, Ky. St. Louis nnd Sedalia, Mo. Cincinnati. Ohio,
July 12; two specimens. "They were standing high up on their
clumsy legs in a patch of dark colored fungus, at which they
were gnawing, which was on the under side of a beech log in
thick woods." (Duri/.}

XIII. EURHOPTUS Lee., 1876. (Gr.. "handsome" + "club.")

Beak stout, rather depressed, as long as thorax, finely punc-
tured, naked at tip; second joint of funicle slightly longer than

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHIXL 497

third, 3 — 7 equal, short, closely united; first ventral with a deep,
triangular polished impression; femora not toothed; tibia1 slen-
der, straight, spined at tip; tarsi with third joint broadly bilobed.

778 (8754). EURHOPTUS PYRTFORMIS Lee., 1876, 245.

Pear-shaped, convex, robust. Dull black, thinly clothed with pale
reclined bristles; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax not wider
than long, narrowed from the base, sides straight, disc feebly impressed
one-third from apex, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra connate,
fitting closely to thorax, their sides strongly rounded; strial punctures
very large, rather distant; intervals near the suture somewhat convex.
Length 2 — 2.4 mm.

Described from Illinois. In Horn collection from Pennsyl-
vania, Kentucky, Missouri and Colorado. Known also from Iowa
and Texas.

XIV. PSEUDOMUS Schon., 1837. (Gr.. "false" -{- "humerus.")

Beak as long as thorax, more slender than in Acallcs, cylindri-
cal, moderately curved ; funicle 7-jointed, two basal joints longer,
obconical, the others short, subrotund ; club oblong-ovate, acumi-
nate; eyes narrowly separated, ovate, flattened; elytra suboval,
10-striate, their base scarcely wider than thorax, humeri and
seta? obsolete; mesosternum deeply emarginate; metasternuni
nearly or quite as long- as the first ventral, its episterna indis-
tinct; tibiae straight, slightly spined at tip; tarsi with third
joint broadly dilated, their claws simple.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PSEUDOMUS.

a. Front femora toothed.

I). Elytra with a large postmedian white spot crossing the suture, and
prolonged backward on it nearly to tip; claws divergent.

779. TRUNCATUS.

bl>. Elytra brown without spot as above; claws connate nearly to tip.

780. INFLATTTS.
<ia. Femora not toothed; elytra with a large white spot on declivity.

781. SEDENTARIUS.

779 (8775). PSEUDOMUS TRUNCATUS Lee., 1876, 246.

Subovate. Dark brown, above thinly clothed with small brown scales;
beneath with yellowish scales; elytra with an irregular basal cross-bar
and a large common spot behind the middle, white. Beak nearly smooth
at tip, punctured and feebly striate at base. Thorax wider than long, nar-
rowed from base forward, sides nearly straight; disc convex, not densely
punctured, with a median line and a small spot each side smooth. Elytra
with rows of large distant punctures. Femora obtusely toothed. Length
4.6 mm.

498 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINyE.

Described from South Carolina and Georgia. Recorded, per-
haps erroneously, from Ontario by Harrington.

780 (8777). PSEUDOMUS INFLATUS Lee., 1884, 31.

Broadly oval, convex, narrowed at each end. Piceous, thinly clothed
with brown submetallic scales, condensed to form a lunate transverse spot
behind the middle. Beak rugose and punctured at base, finely and sparsely
punctate toward tip. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly narrowed
in front, equally punctate above and beneath, without smooth dorsal line.
Elytra with rows of close-set, quadrate punctures. Front femora acutely
toothed, hind ones with a very obtuse angle. Length 4 — 4.2 mm.

Cape Jupiter and other points in Florida. "Easily recognized
by the inflated form and nearly uniform color." (LeConte.) Re-
ferred by Champion to his genus Pseudomopsis, but the scutellum
is plainly visible and the limneri are not rectangular.

781 (8776). PSEUDOMUS SEDEXTARIUS Say, 1831, 30; ibid, I, 298.

Elongate, subfusiform, convex. Black or piceous, very thinly clothed
with large oval, dirty white or yellowish scales, condensed in numerous
small spots on thorax and elytra and in a large common one on declivity,
which is prolonged backward by two spurs to the tip; antennae and tarsi
reddish-brown; scutellum white. Beak black, shining, coarsely punctate
near base, finely and sparsely so near tip, obsoletely carinate. Thorax as
wide at base as long, strongly narrowed from base to apex, disc rather
coarsely, deeply and very closely punctate and with a short, faint median
carina. Elytra strongly convex, the strias with rows of large, feebly im-
pressed, close-set oblong punctures. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Known only from Florida. Ormond, Apr. 13. "Enterprise,
very rare on dead vines." (^Fchicarz.)

XV. ACALLES Schou., 182C. (Gr.. "deformed.")

Small, convex, dull colored species having the beak rather
long, subcylindrical, moderately curved, somewhat flattened to-
ward apex; antenna1 inserted at or behind the middle, first and
second joints of funirle elongate, obconical, the others short, sub-
rotund ; elytra oval with rounded sides, 9-striate, their scales in-
termixed with bristles; mesosternum usually deeply emarginate
for about one-half its length, the prosternal groove ending at the
front of the middle coxae. About 17 species have been described
from this country, mostly from the southern and southwestern
states. Of these eight are known from our territory and four ad-
ditional ones are herewith described.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHIXI. 499

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF ACALLES.

a. Thorax not channeled; mesosternum deeply emarginate.
&. Thorax with nearly entire median carina.
c. Middle of thorax narrower than base of elytra, its disc without

a T-shaped white mark.

(I. Form elongate-oval; length 4 mm. 782. CARINATUS.

dd. Form short-oval, very robust; length 2.5 mm. 783. INFLATUS.
cc. Middle of thorax as wide as base of elytra, its disc with a T-
shaped white mark. 784. GRANOSUS.

&6. Thorax not carinate or with a feeble carina on apical half.
e. Elytra unicolorous dull gray or brown.

/. Bristles of elytra soft, slender, strongly recurved; striae deep,

narrower than the intervals. 785. SORDIDUS.

ff. Bristles short, straight, feebly inclined; intervals narrower than

the large punctures forming the strife. 786. POROSUS.

ee. Elytra with markings of pale scales.

g. Thorax one-third or more wider than long, wider than base of
elytra; bristles very short; larger, 3.7 mm.

787. suBHisPintrs.
gg. Thorax not or scarcely wider than long, never wider than base

of elytra; bristles longer, clavate; length less than 3.3 mm.
h. Pale scales of elytra arranged to form two more or less reg-
ular cross-bands, the front one sometimes of isolated spots.
i. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm.; thorax slightly longer than

wide.

j. Pale scales in part white or whitish, arranged in two
more or less interrupted bands. 788. CLAVATUS

j). Pale scales yellowish, forming a broad basal and post-
median band across the elytra. 789. CRASSULUS.
ii. Larger, 3.2 mm.; thorax wider than long, as wide at mid-
dle as base of elytra; bands of elytra formed of small,
widely separated white spots. 790. SYLVOSTJS.
hh. Pale scales of elytra scattered irregularly, not arranged to
form white bands; length less than 2.5 mm.

791. MINIMUS.
aa. Thorax distinctly channeled; mesosternum broadly and shallowy

sulcate.

fc. Form rather slender; median channel of thorax narrower; elytral

striae fine. 792. PECTORALIS.

Jfk. Form very robust; median channel broad, deep; elytral striae wide.

793. VENTROsrs.
782 (8763). ACALLES CARINATUS Lee., 1876, 242.

Elongate-oval. Black, densely covered with dark brown and pale scales,
the latter forming on the elytra some indistinct transverse lines, and an
oblique zigzag band about the middle. Thorax as long as wide, sides strong-
ly rounded; disc widest at middle, much narrower in front, broadly not
deeply constricted near tip, coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra oval,
at widest part scarcely wider than thorax at middle, sides rounded, basal
angles not prominent; stria? composed of large quadrate punctures; third,
fifth and eight intervals more convex, each interval with a row of short,
thick, inconspicuous bristles. Length 4 mm.

500 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJK.

Posey County, Ind., rare; April 10. Berkeley Heights, N. J.,
July 6. Black Mountains, North Carolina, July 31. Described
from Illinois. Ranges from New Jersey to Illinois, south to Dis-
trict of Columbia and N. Carolina. Occurs under decaying leaves.
Feeds on a fungus growing on beech logs. (Durij.)

783 (- -). ACALLES IXFLATfS Sp. 110V.

Oval, very robust. Dark reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed with
fuscous and grayish-yellow scales, the latter larger and condensed on sides of
thorax, scattered -over the basal third of elytra and forming a faint broad
transverse band on their declivity; the fuscous scales condensed in two
small dark discal spots on each elytron, one at basal fourth, the other
slightly behind the middle; antennae and tarsi paler reddish-brown. Beak
as long as head and thorax, carinate, densely and finely punctate, scaly
except near tip. Thorax about as wide as long, sides feebly rounded from
base to beyond middle, then narrowed and slightly constricted to apex;
disc densely, finely a.nd deeply punctate, the median carina fine, slightly
abbreviated near apex. Elytra broadly oval, strongly convex, widest at
middle, one-third wider at base than thorax, humeri almost obsolete, sides
broadly curved from base to apical fourth, then obliquely converging to
apex; striae deep, rather coarsely and distantly punctate; intervals con-
vex, each with a row of very short, white, inclined setae, these visible only
in profile, more plainly on the declivity. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Putnam and Posey Counties, Ind., rare; March 20 — Sept 30.
Taken by sifting. Pineville, W. Ya. ; Leng collection. Specimens
in the U. S. National Museum from Plummer's Island, Md., are
labelled A. pcctoralis Lee., but the single type of that species at
Cambridge has the thorax sulcate as described by LeConte, not
carinate as in inflatus, where the carina is plainly visible when
viewed in profile. The beak is also much longer in the latter
species.

784 (8765). ACALLKS CRAXOSTS Lee., 1876, 243.

Oval, rather robust. Black, densely clothed with dark brown scales;
thorax marked with small spots of white pubescence and with a short,
broken transverse white line at middle, its parts nearly joined by a short,
posterior dorsal white line, thus forming a T-shaped mark; elytra with the
brown scales mottled with dots of pale ones, of which the most conspicuous
form a narrow, irregular, transverse band about the middle. Thorax as wide
as long, rounded on sides, narrowed and broadly constricted in front; disc
densely punctured, strongly carinate. Elytra ovate, wider at middle than
thorax, truncate at base; strial punctures large, shallow, quadrate, each
bearing a rounded scale; intervals well defined, the alternate ones slightly
more elevated and interrupted so as to become tuberculate, their bristles
very short but more distinct than in carinatus. Length 3.4 mm.

Lake Poinsett, Fla. ; May 1. "Enterprise, Haulover and In-
dian River, Fla.; very rare." (Scliwarz.}

TRICE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 501

785 (8767). ACALLES SORDIDUS Lee., 1876, 243.

Oval, convex, robust. Black, clothed with a dirt colored crust usually
concealing the sculpture, and with intermixed slender, strongly recurved
bristles. Beak naked and punctured toward the tip, not carinate. Thorax
slightly wider at middle than long, strongly rounded on sides, obsoletely
channeled near base, finely and densely punctate. Elytra strongly convex,
not wider at base than thorax, distinctly wider at middle, where the width
almost equals the length; stria; deep, serrately punctate; intervals distinctly
convex, each with a row of strongly recurved bristles. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Recorded from Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, District of Col-
umbia and Texas. Described by Hamilton under the name curt-us,
he having found it in Pennsylvania under stones about beech
trees in April; by beating in July. In the single specimen at
hand the thorax is distinctly carinate in front of middle.

786 (— — ). ACALLES POROSUS sp. nov.

Oval, robust. Uniform dark brown, thickly clothed with a dirty grayish
brown crust of matted scales; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
scarcely as long as thorax, strongly sulco-striate on basal half, finely and
rather thickly reticulate-punctate toward apex. Thorax as wide as long,
widest at middle, sides broadly rounded; disc widely, not deeply constricted
near apex, coarsely not densely punctate. Elytra oval, strongly convex,
not wider at base than middle of thorax, sides broadly rounded to apical
third, then strongly converging to apex; striae formed of large deep round-
ed punctures; intervals narrow, each with a row of short, nearly erect
subclavate bristles. Length 2.8 mm. (W. S. B.)

Crawford County, Ind., rare; June 28. The uniform color,
peculiar sculpture of beak and large punctures of elytra readily
distinguish this from any described species.

787 (8766). ACALLES SUBHISPIDUS Lee., 1878, 431.

Blackish, densely clothed with dark brown scales, larger on the thorax
than on elytra, where they are mixed with short, recurved bristles; thorax
with a narrow lateral line and a few scattered scales of a pale dirt color;
elytra with traces of two narrow undulated bands, composed of small spots
of gray scales, one before the middle curving backwards and one behind
the middle curving forward. Thorax wide, Irager than in the other species,
strongly rounded on sides in front, coarsely punctured. Elytra not wider
than thorax, base truncate, basal angles obtuse, sides broadly rounded,
then obliquely narrowed to apex; disc very little wider behind the base, striae
coarsely punctured. Length 3.7 mm.

Sumter County, Fla., May. One specimen in LeConte collec-
tion.

788 (8768). ACALLES CLAVATUS Say, 1831, 29; ibid, I, 297.

Oval, rather slender. Brown, thickly clothed with both dark and pale
brown scales; elytra with two transverse rows of small white spots, one

502 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^.

before, the other just behind the middle. Beak rather stout, subdepressed,
as long as head and thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, carinate above.
Thorax slightly longer than wide, w'dest at middle, sides feebly rounded,
disc very coarsely and sparsely punctured, its bristles a little shorter than
those of elytra. Elytra at base not wider than middle of thorax, sides
broadly rounded, narrowed from middle to apex; strial punctures large,
quadrate; intervals narrow, slightly convex, each with a row of long, cla-
vate bristles. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.

Posey County, Ind., rare; April 19. Lake Okeechobee, Fla.,
March 1. Enterprise and Jnpiter, May — November on dead
brandies and under lake shore debris. Ranges from Illinois east
and south to District of Columbia and Florida. Occurs beneath
rubbish. As pointed out by LeConte, the female is much stouter,
with thorax not wider at middle and elytra much more rounded
on the sides.

789 (8769). ACALLES CRASSULUS Lee., 1876, 244.

Oval, rather robust. Black, densely clothed with dark brown scales;
thorax with a few pale brown scales at sides and a small spot at middle
of base; elytra brown toward the base and with an irregular broad yellow-
ish-brown band behind, occupying the apical third; legs clothed with yel-
low-brown scales. Thorax as long as wide, rounded on the s'des, slightly
wider at middle, much narrowed and broadly constricted in front, densely
punctured. Elytra as in clavatus, the bristles thick, erect, longer than
those of thorax. Length 2.5 mm.

Enterprise, Hauloyer and other points in Florida ; Oct. 19.
(Sclurarz.) Recorded elsewhere only from the District of Colum-
bia.

790 (— — ). ACALLES SYLVOSUS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval, robust. Dark reddish-brown, densely clothed with black-
ish, pale brown and whitish scales, the brown ones forming some irregular
markings on thorax and covering the greater part of elytra, the whitish
ones arranged in small isolated spots which form two cross-bands on elytra.
Beak finely and sparsely punctate, feebly carinate, scaly near base. Thorax
as wide at middle as long, sides parallel near base, rounded at middle; disc
broadly and feebly constricted near apex, sparsely and rather coarsely
punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, not wider at base than middle of thorax;
striae with rows of rather small, deep, rounded punctures; intervals feebly
convex, each with a row of rather short, inclined clavate seise. Length 3.2
mm. (W. 8. B.)

Little River, Fla.; March 31. Two specimens taken from be-
neath rubbish on bank of stream.

791 (— — ). ACALLES MINIMUS sp. nov.

Oval, rather slender. Black, thickly clothed with sooty and paler brown
scales, the latter forming a narrow median line and some scattered dots

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHIXI. 503

on thorax and a larger median basal blotch and some small widely scatter-
ed spots on elytra; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak as in
sylvosus. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly rounded, disc not con-
stricted in front, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra regularly
oval, sides broadly curved; stria? shallow, rather coarsely, not closely punc-
tate; intervals as wide as the punctures, feebly convex, their setae short,
recurved, clavate. Length 2.1 — 2.3 mm. (W. S. B.)

Lake Okeechobee and Lemon City, Fla. ; Feb. 28— March 22.
Form of clavatus but smaller, devoid of the white markings of
that species and with much finer elytra! punctures.

792 (8773). ACALLES PECTORALIS Lee., 1876, 245.

Oval, robust. Black, covered with depressed dark brown and pale
scales, the latter forming indistinct stripes on the thorax and narrow
undulated bands on elytra, the intermixed bristles stout, short, erect;
antenna? brownish-yellow. Beak and head scaly, the former coarsely punc-
tured, finely carinate, its tip naked. Thorax wider than long, convex,
much rounded on sides, constricted in front, channeled. Elytra oval, sides
much rounded; stria? deep, fine; intervals wide, slightly convex. Body
beneath deeply but not coarsely punctured, clothed with yellowish-brown
scales. Length 3 mm.

The type and only known specimen was from Illinois and is
in the LeConte collection. Recorded erroneously from District
of Columbia. Readily known by the feebly emarginate mesoster-
num, flattened scales of upper surface and the thoracic groove,
which is distinct but not broad and deep as in the next.

793 (8774). ACALLES VENTROSUS Lee., 1878, 430.

Oval, very robust. Blackish, densely clothed with a crust of appressed
dirty gray and fuscous scales intermixed with clavate bristles; the gray
ones forming on elytra a broad band on basal third and some small scat-
tered spots behind the middle; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak
very stout, shorter than thorax, flattened, finely carinate above, rather
coarsely and densely punctate. Thorax uniform fuscous brown, nearly
twice as wide as long, sides rounded, broadly and deeply constricted be-
fore apex; disc with a wide obtuse ridge the full length each side of middle,
between the two a broad, deep groove. Elytra oval, strongly convex, base
truncate, wider than thorax, sides broadly curved; striae wide, deep; inter-
vals convex, minutely punctulate. Under surface densely scaly, those of
sides and last ventral dirty yellow. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Dunedin and Kissiinmee, Fla., Jan. 18 — Oct. 25 ; quite common
beneath boards along the margin of ponds and lakes. "Enter-
prise and Tampa, two specimens." (Schwartz.) Specimens in
the National Museum collection were taken at Kissimmee on Feb.
6 from the stomach of a meadow lark, Sturnella luagna L.

504 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

XVI. PSEUDOACALLES gen. uov. (Gr., "false" -f- Acalles.)

As pointed out by both LeConte and Casey, Acalles nuclialis
Lee. differs from other members of that genus too greatly in ab-
dominal structure and other characters to allow its retention
with them; it having the mesosternum feebly emarginate; epis-
terna of the metasteruum distinct and parallel ; beak more slen-
der and differently sculptured; second ventral twice as long as
third, the latter equal to fourth; last joint of tarsi longer and
claws larger. From Camsfcs, to which it is closely allied, it
differs in its anuulated antennal club and normal tibiae. (W.
8. B.)

794 (8772). PSEUDOACALLES NUCHALIS Lee., 1876, 244.

Oval, very robust. Blackish, clothed with dark and pale brown scales
intermixed, the latter covering the head and forming three indistinct pale
lines on thorax; elytra with an angulated transverse pale line near apical
third, behind which the yellowish-brown scales are more numerous; under
surface nearly black, with scattered pale scales. Beak strongly punctured,
deeply striate near base, finely carinate. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, sides almost parallel from base to middle then rapidly narrowing to
and feebly constricted near apex; disc coarsely and densely punctured,
with a slight trace of a median smooth line. Elytra oval, sides much round-
ed, obliquely narrowed behind; disc with rows of large, quadrate punctures;
intervals wide, convex, each with a row of rather long, pale, clavate bristles.
Under surface nearly black, with scattered pale scales. Length 3.8 — 4 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., April 3; Biscayne Bay, July 27. Known also
from Capron, Enterprise and Sand Point. In Leng collection
from South Carolina.

XVII. GERST.ECKERIA Champ., 1905. (In honor of Gerstrecker. )

Large, robust species, possessing the characters given in
generic key, and having the beak at least as long as thorax, the
antenna? inserted near its middle with their grooves directed at
lower corner of eyes; elytra without humeri; femora unarmed.
All the species feed upon cacti. About 22 species have been de-
scribed from Central America, Mexico and the United States,
only three of which are known from our territory. The latest
paper on them is by

Pierce, W. D.— "The Cactus Weevils'' in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Vol. 42. 1012, 159—167.

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI.

505

KEY TO EASTERX SPECIES OF GERST/ECKERIA.

a. Elytra with a crest or tubercle behind the humeri; eyes well sepa-
rated; antennae inserted at middle of beak.

b. Elytral foveas isolated and rounded, 795. IIUBBARDI.

bb. Elytral foveas contiguous, coalescent. 796. DILATATA.

rt. Elytra without posthumeral crest or tubercle; eyes narrowly sepa-
rated; third tarsal joint wider than second; thorax large, about as
wide as elytra; claws small and approximate. 797. FASCIATA.

Fig. iii. Gerstizckeria nobilis Lee., dorsal and side
views X 5- (After Hunter & Pratt.)

795 (8757). GERSJVECKERIA HUBBARDI Lee., 1880, 216.

Subpyriform, very robust. Black, clothed with appressed brown and
whitish scales, the latter covering the head and, in great part, the legs, and
forming a few small dots on thorax, a short oblique posthumeral band, a
narrow, undulatory postmedian one and some small spots on the declivity
of elytra. Beak as long as thorax, cylindrical, curved, shining, punctate.
Head with a deep median fovea. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
strongly rounded, distinctly constricted near apex; disc convex, coarsely
and densely punctured, carinate at middle. Elytra strongly and obliquely
dilated and with an obtuse rounded angle behind the humeri; striae deep,
with large impressed fovese; intervals very convex. Length 6.5 — 8.2 mm.

Dunedin, Enterprise, Crescent City and Lake Worth, Fla.
Selrna, Alabama, April 7 — Oct. 1, Occurs on and beneath the
leaves of a prickly-pear cactus, Opuiitia vulgaris Mill.

796 (-

-). GERSTVECKERIA DILATATA Casey, 1895, 834.

Form of Tiul>l>ardi but more robust. Color nearly the same, the thorax
with velvety black scales on apical half and each of the large fovea? of
elytra with a broad whitish scale. Frontal fovea deeper and less elongate.
Elytra much more abruptly dilated behind the base, the post-humeral ridges
or tubercles larger; disc with deep rows of very large contiguous fovese;
intervals narrow, strongly convex, each with numerous small tubercles on
the crest. Length 8 mm.

506 SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONINJE.

Described from Florida. "The elytra! fovere are so closely
crowded that they coalesce, producing deep, broad furrows be-
tween the ridge-like intervals." (Cnscij.} Pierce considers
dilatata merely a sculptural variety of JiublHu-di.

797 (— — ). GERST^CKERIA FASCIATA Pierce, 1912, 166.

Oval, robust. Black, clothed with white, golden and brown scales;
head with golden or cream colored ones; thorax golden with a few white
clots; elytra with prominent spots of white scales behind the humeri on
fourth and seventh intervals, and with golden scales condensed to form
a spot at the base of third interval, another on the suture behind the middle,
and a transverse postmedian cross-bar bordered with brown scales; an-
tennas reddish-brown; abdomen clothed with golden scales. Beak shining,
very finely punctate. Front strongly foveate. Thorax large, sides strongly
curved, disc shallowly punctate with smooth spots on sides. Elytra inflated
at basal third, then tapering to apex; less than one-half wider than thorax;
strial punctures large, shallow; intervals as wide as punctures. Tarsal
claws small, approximate. Length 5.5 mm.

Buck Key, Fla., one specimen. Cat. No. 14,473, IT. S. Nat. Mus.

XVIII. APTEROMECHUS Faust, 1896.
(Gr., "without wings" -|- "long.")

Small oblong, rather slender species having the second joint
of fuuicle much shorter than first, 3 — 7 equal, gradually a little
wider; eyes large, narrowly separated; front margin of thorax
not completely concealing the head, the postocular lobes feeble;
elytra with rounded humeri, their tenth stria interrupted by the
hind coxae ; third and fourth ventral segments subequal in length ;
femora unarmed, the hind pair snlcate beneath.

798 (8800). APTEROMECHUS FERRATUS Say, 1831, 28; ibid, I, 296.

Oblong-oval. Blackish, densely clothed with dark and pale brown
scales; alternate elytral intervals more convex, ornamented with small
pale dots, the scales intermixed with very short bristles. Beak stout,
shorter than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, narrowed in front, sides rounded, base strongly bisinuate;
disc coarsely and densely punctate. Elytra oblong, wider at base than
thorax, sides subparallel to behind middle, then obliquely rounded to apex;
striae deeply and rather coarsely punctate. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Lake, Floyd, Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April
13 — June 9 ; taken from beneath the bark of beech. Dunedin and
Enterprise, Fla., common in hammocks, Feb. 28 — May 29. Near
New York City, May — Sept., on oak, chestnut and various other
trees. Ranges from New York to Michigan, south to Florida,

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCIIIXI. 507

where it is common infesting the branches of the red bay, Per sea
borbonia L., and is never met on oak. (Schwam.)

XIX. CRYPTORHYNCHUS 111., 1807. (Gr., "hidden" + "beak.")

Oval or oblong, rather robust, usually densely scaly species,
having the eyes rather widely separated; antennae inserted at
middle of beak; ocular lobes covering but partially the eyes in
repose ; elytra with ten entire strife ; mesosternal process with a
deep rounded cavity; metasternum with distinct side pieces;
ventral segments 2, 3 and 4 snbequal in length, the second some-
times one-fourth longer than either of the others, but not twice as
as long as in some of the allied genera; femora thickened, often
bidentate ; tibire slender, usually more or less sinuate. The larvae
are bark borers and the adults are usually found on bark or dead
twigs.

KEY TO GROUPS* OF EASTERN SPECIES OF CRYPTORHYNCHUS.

a. Joints 3 — 7 of funicle gradually diminishing in length, the second
joint as long as or longer than the first; club usually Indistinctly
annulated.

l>. Elytra suddenly much wider at base than thorax, the latter usually

distinctly carinate. GROUP I.

6&. Elytra but slightly wider at base than thorax. GROUP II.

oo. Joints 3 — 7 of funicle equal in length, second joint slightly shorter

than first; club very distinctly annulated. GROUP III.

GROUP I. (PAROCHUS GROUP.)

Species of small or medium size, resembling Conotrachelus in
having the elytra suddenly wider than thorax, the humeral an-
gles prominent, rounded, the sides gradually somewhat tapering
behind; beak slender, longer than thorax, curved, cylindrical,
usually carinate and striate near base; legs slender, femora not
clavate, indistinctly toothed.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I.

o. Front and middle femora straight beneath,
b. Tibiae angulated at base.

c. Black with a more or less oblique white spot on each elytron;

thighs bidentate.

(L Larger, 5 or more mm.; form mere oval. 799. PAROCHUS.

(1(1. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.; form oblong. 800. PUMILUS.

cc. Brown variegated with fuscous; thighs not toothed.

801. BISIGNATUS.

*Those of our groups which occur in Central America have received generic names,
which, however, we have only partly indicated in the descriptions. According to Faust
the imported C. lapathi may be our only true Cryptorhynchus.

508 SUBFAMILY X. — CURCULIONIN.S].

6&. Tibiae not angulated at base; fuscous, elytra largely pale brown;
thorax and elytra with tufts of black bristles. 802. FUSCATUS.
aa. Femora sinuate near the tip.

e. Femora armed with two small denticles; length 7 — 11 mm.

f. Elytra black or fuscous, the apical third densely covered with

white or yellowish scales. 803. LAPATHI.

//. Elytra dusky, with two paler transverse bands; thorax rounded
on sides, strongly narrowed in front, feebly constricted.

804. OBLTQUUS.

ee. Femora armed with a single acute tooth.

g. Pale yellow-brown; thorax with an abbreviated median carina;

larger, 7.8 mm. 805. HELVUS.

gg. Black, clothed with depressed, dirt-colored scales; thorax not

carinate; smaller, 5.7 — 6 mm. 806. LUTOSUS.

799 (8786). CRYPTOBHYJVCHUS PAROCHUS Herbst, 1797, 55.

Oval, robust. Black, above densely clothed with small brown and
black scales; elytra each with an oblique white spot before the middle;
antennae and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Thorax at base one-third wider
than long, gradually narrowed from the base forward, strongly constricted
near tip; surface very uneven, strongly carinate; punctures concealed by
the scales. Elytra more than one-third wider at base than thorax, disc
finely striate, the stria! punctures small; alternate intervals strongly
carinate. Under surface thickly clothed with large, dirty white scales.
Length 5 — 6.5 mm.

Putnam, Brown and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; April 25 —
Dec. 25. Beaten from elm. Kissimmee River, Fla., Feb. 21. Ranges
from Canada and New England to Michigan and Iowa, south to
District of Columbia and Florida. Lives under the bark of but-
ternut. The two teeth of femora are small and well separated.
The wide, flat intervals of elytra are dark brown, the elevated
ones mottled with black spots. The oblique white spot varies
much in size, being often faintly indicated. The larvae mine the
inner bark and sap-wood of weakened and decayed walnut.
(Hopkins.)

800 (8788). CRYPTORHYNCHUS PUMILUS Boh., Schon., 1837, 122.

Oblong, rather slender. Color of parochiis. Thorax wider near base,
less narrowed and more feebly constricted near tip, its median carina
feeble. Elytra less than one-third wider at base than thorax, humeri less
prominent; sides nearly parallel from base to middle, then gradually con-
verging to apex; alternate intervals less elevated, their crests more obtuse.
Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Lake and Posey counties, Ind., rare; May 12 — 13. West
Point, N. Y. Jamesburg, N. J., July 4. Ranges from Ontario
and New Jersey to Indiana and Florida. The white spot of elytra
is distinct and the elevated intervals velvetv-black from base to

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYNCHINI. 509

beyond middle. Champion regards this as a synonym of bisigna-
tus but it is readily separated by the characters given.

SOI (8787). CRYPTORHYNCHUS BISIGNATUS Say, 1831, 19; ibid, I, 284.

Similar in form and color to parochus, differing chiefly in its much
smaller size. Elytra less mottled with black. Thoracic carina and alternate
intervals of elytra less elevated. Femora either entirely unarmed or very
feebly bidenticulate. Length 2.5 — 3.5 mm.

Lake, Starke, Putnam, Brown and Lawrence counties, Ind.,
frequent; probably throughout the State; Apr. 30 — June 10.
Beaten from oak and birch. Throughout New Jersey, May-
July, on chestnut, beech and birch, probably living under the
bark. Dunedin, Sanford and Sarasota, Fla., Feb. 28 — March 30.
Eanges from Canada and New England to Michigan and Iowa,
south to Florida and Texas. Eecorded as occurring on the leaves
of oak in May (Packard) ; mating on a chestnut log in June
(Ohittenden) ; on a living trunk of birch infested with Scolytids.
(Beutenniilller.)

Specimens from Dunedin, Fla., differ in having the form more slender,
scales of upper surface largely clay-yellow and fuscous, the paler ones
forming numerous narrow, zigzag lines across the elytra, in addition to
the usual oblique pale spot which is abbreviated. Length 3.2 — 3.5 mm.
They may be known as var. tessellatus. (W. S. B.)

G. obliquefasciatus Boh., described from North Carolina, recorded from
Ontario, and represented by occasional specimens in many collections, is
a mere color variety in which the oblique white spot of elytra extends
from the seventh to the second stria, becoming a band, and the scattered
white dots are more conspicuous. Length 2.5 mm.

802 (8789). CRYPTORHYNCHUS FUSCATUS Lee., 1876, 251.

Oblong-oval, robust. Blackish-brown, densely clothed with pale and
dark brown scales and bunches of erect blackish bristles, the pale scales
forming some scattered spots on thorax and a broad median band covering
more than half of the elytra, obliquely limited in front and vaguely en-
closing a darker patch about middle of suture; the pale scales some-
times forming an indefinite oblique anterior fascia and a short trans-
verse fascia at apical third; the bristles arranged in five tufts on disc
of thorax and three or more along the third and fifth intervals of elytra.
Beak stout, as long as thorax, carina.te, striate. coarsely punctured near
base. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, feebly narrowed
and constricted on apical third; disc coarsely, deeply and densely punctate.
Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides parallel to beyond the
middle, stria fine, punctured; alternate intervals, except the ninth, more
elevated. Femora slender, not or indistinctly toothed. Length 4 — 6 mm.

Whitley, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties, Ind., scarce;
April 26 — Aug. 5; beaten from hickory. Numerous localities in

510

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIN^E.

New Jersey, May 20 — December ; by sifting old leaves in a swamp
on the latter date. Dimediu, Fla., March 17. Ranges from New
Jersey to Michigan, south to Florida and Mississippi. Occurs on
dead twigs. (Ulkc.) The beak is stouter and the postocular lobes
more prominent than in the other species of the group.

803 (11,073). CKYPTORHYNCHUS LAPATHI Linn., 1746, No. 591.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black or piceous, not shining, densely clothed

with sooty black and pale scales, intermixed
with tufts of erect black bristles; the pale
scales covering the apical third of elytra and
forming an obscure oblique band on basal
third of each; thorax, legs and body beneath
mottled with similar scales; antennas and
tarsi reddish-brown. Beak as long as head
and thorax, coarsely and densely punctate,
feebly carinate. Thorax one-third wider than
long, disc densely, closely punctured, with a
low, nearly entire median carina. Elytra at
base one-third wider than thorax; sides paral-
lel for two-thirds their length, then converg-
ing to an obtuse apex; strial punctures
large, quadrate. Length 7.5 — 10 mm. (Fig.
112.)

Not yet known from Indiana, though
it undoubtedly occurs in the northern
counties. Found throughout northern
New Jersey on willow, May — September. Batavia and Ithaca, N.
Y., June 15 — Oct. 3. Chicago, 111., July 30. A European species,
first noted in this country in New York in 1882, now distributed
from Orono, Maine, to Wisconsin and North Dakota, south to Dis-
trict of Columbia. Attacks the weeping willow, Carolina poplar,
red birch and other similar ornamental trees and called the "pop-
lar and willow borer" by Forbes. The adults puncture the bark,
gouging out the cambium layer, while the young, which hatch in
the older bark of the branches, mainly in August and September,
penetrate at once the cambium layer in which they hibernate,
pupating in the older wood and emerging the following May or
June. In trees where the grubs are few they may be cut out and
the wounds covered with tar. Badly infested trees should be
removed and burned in winter or spring. Arsenical sprays can
also be used to advantage. Webster (1911) states that adults
were kept five days in a freshly and heavily charged cyanide
bottle and were then found alive and mating.

TRIBE XXI. CRVPTOIIHYNCHINI. 511

804 (8790). CRYPTORHYNCIIUS OBLIQUUS Say, 1831, 28; ibid, I, 296.

Oval. Black, densely clothed with dusky, black and white rounded
scales; thorax with three black spots; elytra each with two black spots in
front of a common whitish oblique band on basal third and with a similar
band behind the middle; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak about as
long as thorax, coarsely and rather densely punctate and carinate on basal
half, somewhat flattened, smooth and shining towards tip. Thorax scarcely
wider at base than long, strongly narrowed in front, sides moderately round-
ed; disc densely and rather finely punctate, the median carina abbreviated
in front. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, humeri and apex
obtusely rounded; alternate intervals moderately elevated, subconvex, the
others flat. Ventral segments coarsely and sparsely punctured, the fifth with
a deep circular impression in male. Denticles of the femora small, close
together. Length 7 — 9 mm.

Hudson County and Lakelmrst, N. J., May 30. Great Falls,
Va. ; June 16. Keeorded only from the Middle States, (LeConte} ;
Louisiana, (Say.) Crescent City, Fla. (Schwarz.)

805 (8791). CRYPTORHYNCIIUS HELVUS Lee., 1878, 431.

"Very similar to G. obliquus and differing only in the following char-
acters: Scales pale yellow-brown, slightly variegated with darker; form
of body a little narrower. Thorax a little longer than wide, sides obliquely
narrowed from the middle, where they are rounded to apex, nearly parallel
behind the middle. Elytra with the intervals wide and flat. Thighs with
one small, acute tooth. Length 7.8 mm. Except for the difference in the
form of thorax I would consider this as merely a variety of obliquus."
(LeConte.)

Enterprise, Fla., Maj^; very rare on dead vines. (Schwars.)
The type and only known specimen is in the Cambridge collec-
tion.

806 (8793). CRYPTORHYNCHUS LUTOSUS Lee., 1884, 31.

Elongate-oblong. Black, densely clothed with dark brown scales and
a few short, stout bristles intermixed; elytra with scattered paler brown
scales at base and forming a transverse band near apical third. Beak
slender, naked, as long as thorax, finely and sparsely punctate and with a
deep punctured groove each side; front with a small deep fovea. Thorax
as wide at middle as long, not carinate, sides parallel behind the middle,
then obliquely rounded to apex, behind which there is a broad shallow con-
striction; disc prolonged above, densely, finely and deeply punctate. Ely-
tra one-third wider than thorax at base, humeri obtusely rounded, sides
parallel to apical third, then converging to the rounded apex; striae compos-
ed of large distant punctures; intervals flat. Length 5.7 — 6 mm.

New River, Fla., March 7. Miami, March 10. Known also
from Cape Jupiter, Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth, Fla., breeding
abundantly in the flower disks of the leguminous shrub, Ecasto-
pliylhim brou'nci. (Hamilton.}

SUBFAMILY X. CURCULIONIXvK.

GROUP II. (OBTENTUS GROUP.)

Oblong or elongate-oval species having the beak as long as
thorax, rather stout, usually somewhat flattened near tip, an-
tennae inserted near its middle; thorax as wide or wider than
long, sides rounded, disc usually distinctly carinate; elytra at
base but little wider than thorax, humeral angles obtusely
rounded, not prominent, sides parallel to middle or beyond, then
obliquely narrowed to tips.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROTP II.

a. Thorax distinctly constricted near apex; femora usually with a single,

often nearly obsolete tooth.
&. Alternate intervals of elytra without stiff erect spines.

c. Larger, 4 or more mm.; thorax distinctly carinate; elytra with-
out a pale transverse band.
(1. Thorax with an elongate median spot of white scales.

807. OBTENTUS.

dd. Thorax with sides broadly pale, the disc black. 808. FALLAX.

cc. Smaller, less than 3 mm.; thorax not carinate; elytra with a pale

transverse band. 809. MIXTJTISSIMUS.

lib. Alternate elytral intervals with short, stiff, erect setse or spines;

length 3 — 3.7 mm. 810. APICULATUS.

oo. Thorax feebly or not at all constricted near tip.

e. Form elongate-subcylindrical; thoracic carina almost impercepti-
ble; elytra black with white mottlings.

f. Beak stout, shorter than thorax, strongly punctate; femora with
a small blunt tooth; smaller. 3.2—3.7 mm. 811. LONGUS.

f/. Beak rather slender, as long as thorax, almost smooth; femora
unarmed; larger, 4.2 — 4.5 mm. 812. SCHWARZI.

ee. Form elongate-oval; thoracic carina distinct; elytra densely clothed
with grayish-brown scales, with tufts of darker bristles on alter-
nate intervals; femora with two distinct teeth. 813. TRISTIS.

807 (8794). CRYPTORHYXCHUS OBTK^TI-S Herbst, 1797, 38.

Elongate-oval. Sooty-black, densely clothed with small, depressed scales,
with very short bristles intermixed; thorax with an elongate median spot
of large whitish scales, wider at middle and including a dark central spot,
its front part often in part abraded, leaving it of a Y-shape; elytra with a
large spot of yellowish scales crossing the suture just behind the middle;
scutellum white or yellow. Beak coarsely and rather densely punctate,
obsoletely carinate. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides nearly paral-
lel from base to beyond middle, then strongly rounded to apex. Third and
fifth intervals of elytra strongly elevated. Length 4.7 — 6.8 mm.

Lake, Vermillion and Crawford counties, Tnd., scarce; May
29 — Sept. 5. Riverside and Willow Springs, 111.; .Tune 13 — July
11. Hopatcong, Ft. Lee and Orange Mts., N. J. ; June. Enter-

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYXCHIXI. 513

prise, Fla., Nov IT. Ranges from New York to Illinois, south to
Florida and Louisiana. Occurs on dead twigs.

80S (8795). CKYPTORHYNCHUS FALLAX Lee., 1876, 253.

Elongate-oval. Black, densely clothed with pale brownish-yellow scales,
with intermixed short bristles; disc of thorax and large common basal tri-
angular spot on elytra black; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak sub-
depressed, finely and rather closely punctate, feebly carinate. Thorax
one-third wider than long, strongly narrowed and constricted in front;
disc very finely carinate on basal half, deeply and densely punctured. Ely-
tra very little wider than thorax at base, striae composed of large, sub-
quadrate punctures, intervals feebly convex, the third and fifth more ele-
vated. Femoral tooth very small; tibiae straight, outer edge angulated
near base. Length 3.2 — 5 mm.

Kosciusko, Fulton, Marion and Posey comities, Ind., scarce;
Apr. 18 — June 19. Taken by sifting and beneath beech logs.
Not rare throughout New Jersey, May — Sept. Enterprise, Fla.,
Oct. 10. Ranges from Ontario and New York to Michigan, south
to North Carolina, Florida and Texas. Bred in September from
hickory limbs, dead two years. ( Hamilton. ) Breeds in the stems
of Cassia. (Pierce.)

809 (8796). CRYPTORIIYNCHUS MINUTISSIMUS Lee., 1876, 254.

Short, oval. Brown, varied with blackish spots, clothed with black,
brown and pale scales, intermixed with short, stout, erect bristles; the
pale scales forming an elongate basal spot on the thorax and a transverse
band just behind a large lunate black spot on the middle of elytra.
Beak stout, finely, sparsely punctured, naked beyond the middle. Thorax
scarcely wider than long, gradually narrowed in front, disc not carinate,
ocular lobes obsolete. Scutellum very small. Elytra oval, very little wider
at base than thorax, stria? composed of large punctures, which are hidden
by the scales. Femora unarmed; tibiae as in faUax. Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Hudson Co. and Atco, N. J. ; Anglesea, on dead oak twigs,
May 30. Clayton, Ga., June. Dnnedin and Enterprise, Fla.,
March 4 — Dec. 17. Beaten from dead branches of the bay-berry,
Myrlca cerifcra L. Ranges from Pennsylvania and New Jersey
to Ohio, south to Georgia, Florida and Louisiana.

810 (8797). CRYPTORHYNCHUS APICULATUS Gyll., Schon., 1837, 121.

Oblong-oval. Black, densely clothed with grayish-white and fuscous
scales; the paler ones forming a narrow median line on thorax and cover-
ing in large part the basal half of elytra; beak, antennae and tarsi reddish-
brown. Beak as long as thorax, smooth, shining, carinate at base. Thorax
one-fourth wider than long, sides strongly rounded, disc suddenly and
strongly constricted near tip, finely and densely punctate. Elytra oblong,
sides parallel for two-thirds their length, then broadly rounded to apex;

514 SUBFAMILY X. - CURCTJLIOXIN^B.

strial punctures hidden by scales; alternate intervals feebly elevated.
Length 3 — 3.7 mm.

Dunedin. Fin., rare; Jan. 20 — Oct. 31. Enterprise, Oct.; Xew
Eiver, March 1. Described from Florida. Very distinct by the
erect, stout bristles or spines which are sparsely placed upon the
thorax, and upon the alternate intervals of elytra; also by the
thorax being so suddenly constricted in front.

811 (8782). CRYPTORHYXCHUS LONGUS Lee., 1876, 248.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, densely clothed with small black scales
which make the surface opaque; elytra mottled irregularly with small dots
of white scales; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax longer than
wide, widest at middle where the sides are strongly rounded, much narrowed
in front, feebly narrowed behind, feebly constricted near the tip, which is
broadly rounded, coarsely and confluently punctured. Elytra scarcely
wider than thorax, subcylindrical, base truncate, hunieri rounded; strife
deep, composed of large approximate punctures; intervals narrow, the
outer ones convex. Beneath coarsely punctured, somewhat shining. Fem-
ora obsoletely toothed. Length 3.2 — 3.7 mm.

Little River, Fla.; March IT. Haulover and Enterprise, rare.
Known also from Cuba. Originally described as a Ti/lodernia,
but the funicle is 7-jointed and the ocular lobes very feeble.

812 (- -). CRYPTORHYNCHUS SCIIWARZI sp. nov.

Elongate-subcylindrical. Blackish-brown, elytra with scattered patches
of silvery-gray scales which, at apical third, are condensed to form a broad
irregular cross-bar; antennas and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak as described
in key, minutely and sparsely punctate. Head naked, finely and densely
punctate. Thorax as wide at middle as long, narrower at base and toward
apex, disc not constricted, densely and rather finely punctate, each punc-
ture bearing a minute brown scale, the intervals between the punctures
forming fine oblique ridges. Elytra but. slightly wider at base than middle
of thorax, humeri distinct, rounded: sides parallel for three-fourths their
length, then feebly converging to the rounded apex; striae with rows of
coarse, oblong, rather distant punctures; intervals feebly convex, not setose.
Under surface coarsely, rather sparsely punctate. Front femora strongly
angulated beneath near apex. Length 4.2 — 4.5 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Lake Okeechobee, Fla. ; March 7; rare. Two similar specimens
from Tiiscayne T?ay, Fla., are in the Horn collection at Philadel-
phia bearing the label ('. tifltxlcrnio'nlcfi, :\ manuscript name of
Dr. E. A. Schwarz. to whom we take pleasure in dedicating the
species.

813 (8798). CuYi'TuuiiYM in s THISTIS Lee.. 1876, 255.

Elongate-oval, densely clothed with dark gray or fuscous scales, with
intermixed short erect bristles which, on the elytra, are arranged in tufts'

TRIBE XXI. CRYPTORHYXCIIIXI. 515

upon the alternate intervals. Beak slightly longer than thorax, more
slender at tip, finely and rather densely punctured. Thorax scarcely
wider than long, narrowed in front of base, sides moderately rounded; disc
densely and deeply punctured, strongly carinate. Elytra oval, their base
as wide as thorax at middle, humeri rounded, sides very feebly curved from
base to tips; alternate intervals feebly convex, bearing tufts of erect brist-
les. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Lake and Posey counties, Incl., rare; April 19 — May 20.
Various points in New Jersey, April to September. Ranges from
New York to Iowa and Kansas, south to District of Columbia.
Schwarz (1890, 233) states that it feeds on the leaves of the
scarlet oak, Q. coccinca Wang, but is nocturnal, hiding during
the day in the ground at the base of the tree, and developing
under the bark.

GROUP III. (OBLONGUS GROUP.)

This group contains only a single oblong species of medium
size, having the anteimal characters as mentioned in key; thorax
slightly wider than long, rounded on the sides, narrowed in front,
not strongly constricted, disc not carinate, postocular lobes feeble;
elytra wider at base than thorax, humeri rounded, not prominent,
sides parallel then obliquely rounded to tip ; femora obtusely
toothed, the front pair with an additional denticle.

814 (8799). CRYPTORHYNCHUS OBLONGUS Lee., 1876, 256.

Elongate-oblong. Black, thickly clothed with brown and gray scales,
irregularly intermixed and without accompaning bristles; back of head
and three indistinct lines on thorax pale; elytra with some small, scattered
blackish spots and an elongate narrow one on fifth interval behind the
middle. Beak dark brown, naked, as long as thorax, more slender than
usual, nearly straight, finely and rather closely punctate, feebly carinate.
Thorax deeply and densely punctured. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax,
strial punctures small, close-set; intervals convex, equal. Under surface
coarsely and densely punctured, thinly clothed with large pale scales.
Length 6 — 6.5 mm.

Dimellen, N. J., rare. Dunediu, Enterprise and Biscayne,
Fla., rare; March 31. Ranges from New Jersey south westward
to Florida and Texas.

Subfamily XL THECESTERNIN/E.

THE BISON SNOUT BEETLES.

Medium sized, roughly sculptured, snout beetles, having the
antenna1 feebly elbowed, their clubs ringed or annulated ; proster-
num excavated beneath; elytra with a strong fold near the outer

FAMILY III. rriKT

margin of the under surface; pygidium of male transversely di-
vided ; tarsal joints set with small bristles beneath.

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Thecesterninae
have the mandibles short, stout, pincer-shaped and without an
apical scar; antennae short, inserted in front of the eyes, fimicle
7-jointed, its last joint wider and forming part of the club, which
is oval and pointed ; head strongly def lexed ; eyes transverse and
in repose partly hidden by the short ocular lobes of thorax ; beak
short, stout, strongly constricted at insertion of antennae; thorax
rounded in front and projecting partially over the head, deeply
excavated beneath for the reception of the head and beak ; elytra
connate, rigid, covering the pygidium ; abdomen with first and
second ventral segments long, closely united at middle, third and
fourth short, the two together only as long as fifth ; front coxae
small, contiguous, rounded, middle ones separated, hind ones
more widely separated and distant from the sides of the elytra;
legs slender, tibiae truncate at tips and armed with two small
spurs; tarsi 4-jointed, narrow, third joint in our species not di-
lated or bilobed ; claws simple, slender, free.

The Byrsopidie of Lacordaire, according to Sharp (Biol. Cent.
Am. Col., IV, ]». •'>, ]>. 80). must be wholly dissolved, as being
composed of forms having little relation one with another. More-
over. Tltcrcsteniiix 1831, has three years' precedence over Byrsops
1834. Sharp states that the true position of Tlicccsternus is un-
known, but may be with the Cryptorhynchini which have the same
excavated breast. LeConte (1876, 12) placed it as a tribe "dis-
tinguished from other Byrsopidae by the peculiar conformation
of the prosternum which forms a triangular plate in front of the
coxa\" In our own view, while the feebly elbowed antennae with
comparatively non-compact club indicate primitive character, the
excavated breast, roughly sculptured surface, narrow tarsi with
third joint not dilated, and general facies, make a position be-
tween Cryptorhynchini and Cossonina* most appropriate and
most easily found by the student. The subfamily is represented
in North America by the single genus:

I. THECESTKRXUS Say, 1831. (fir., "box" + "breast.")

This genus, so named on account of the deep excavation in
the prosternum for the reception of the beak, is distinguished by
the presence of a triangular plate in front of the fore coxae, this

SUBFAMILY XI. TIIKCKSTERNIX.K.

517

plate being a modification of the prosternmn. (Fig. 113. ) The
genus is represented in the United States, according to Pierce, by
eight or more nominal species, though but one is recognized in
the Henshaw Catalogue. Of these LeConte (185G, 38) described
six, which were based largely upon the development or prolonga-
tion of the humeral angles of the elytra. Twenty years later
(1876, 12), with more abundant material, he combined these with
Say's original Jninieralis, staling that ''there are all gradations,
from typical JiuiiicraUs in which the humeral processes are fully
one-third as long as thorax, to T. inorltiUosus Lee., in which the
elytra are truncate at base and the humeral angles only slightly
prolonged." Tierce (1909, 334) has described four additional
forms from Texas and New Mexico.

815 (8229). THECESTERNUS HUMERALTS Say, 1826, 254; ibid, II, 316.

Elongate-oblong, robust. Dull black, usually densely covered with a
crust of minute brownish-yellow scales. Beak
shorter than head, almost hidden in repose; front
deeply sulcate. Thorax as wide as long, widest at
middle, narrowed in front; disc marked with very
coarse irregular, seta-bearing punctures and with
four large shallow impressions. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax, somewhat pointed be-
hind, humeral angles strongly produced forward
along the sides of base of thorax; disc with rows
of large irregular fovese; intervals alternately
more elevated and bearing rows of very short
white bristles. Ventral segments coarsely and
sparsely punctured. Length 6.5 — 9 mm. (Fig.
113.)

Crawford and Posev counties, Ind.,

Fig. 113. A, Beetle X 4!

B, front view of head and scarce; May 7 — June 26. Taken from be-
fore coxas showing a,

plate in front of fore Heath stones and dried cow dung on high

coxx, b, beak and mandi-
bles, c, cox;e. (Original.) rocky slopes. Palos Park, 111., Sept. 20.

Originally found under dried buffalo dung in the Western States.
Eiley states that it sometimes "cuts off the blossoms of grape
vines in May." Ranges from Indiana and Tennessee to Colorado,
Kansas and Texas. According to Pierce's table, loc. cit., our
eastern form may be considered as var. a f fin is Lee., having the
humeral angles only slightly produced forward and covering the
basal angles of thorax; elytra less than two and a half times as
long as thorax, their sides convex.

518 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSOXIX.E.

Subfamily XII. COSSONIN/-E.
THE BROAD-XOSEI* BARK BEETLES.

This subfamily, as here treated, is equivalent to the Cossonina?
of LeConte with the Acamptini added. Its strongest characters
are in the normal mouth parts and modified antenna? which de-
part from the form seen in Curculionino1 either by reduction in
number of funicular joints or by enlargement and loss of pubes-
cence in first joint of club. A prolongation of the inner apical
angle of the tibia1 into a long curved spine or hook is also usual,
and the tarsi are usually narrow with feebly emarginate or sim-
ple third joint. These characters are to a great extent, duplicated
in the snbtribe Hydronomi (p. 221), especially in Lissorhoptrus
and fiagous; the student must therefore exercise care in compar-
ing the descriptions.

The members of the subfamily are small oblong or elongate
black or brown species having the eyes small, sometimes wanting;
beak variable in length, often very short and broad; antenna1
variable, both in insertion and structure, the scape generally
reaching to or beyond the eyes; club small, oval, feebly annulated;
elytra long, conjointly rounded at tip, concealing the pygidium ;
first and second ventral segments each much longer than third
and fourth united ; femora unarmed. The species live mostly
beneath bark of dead trees, though certain genera occur only
along the coast, living in old boards, roots, etc., washed upon the
beach. In addition to the papers of Horn and LeConte men-
tioned under Calandrina?, our species are treated in part by

Casci/, TJios. L. — "Ooleop Notices, IV, — Cossoninre," in Ann.
X. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892, G89— TOT.

Van Dyke, Eflirin ('•. — ''The Species of Cossonus Clairv. of
America North of Mexico," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., X,
1915, 1—2:!.

Canistcs selinxtcri Casey, of the tribe Cryptorhynchiui, has
many characters suggestive of this subfamily. LeConte (18T6,
329) regarded the Cossonina1 as a connecting line from Hylobiini
to Scolytidfp, to which family the tribe Rhyncolini are closely
related, both in appearance and habits.

KKV TO THIBES OF SUBFAMILY COSSONINAK.

a. Body uneven, covered with a crust.

&. Beak short, stout, resting in repose upon the front coxa;; surface
with stout erect bristles. Tribe I. ACAMPTINI, p. 519.

bl). Beak long, not dilated at tip; surface without erect bristles.

c. Funicle 7- or 8-joiuted. Tribe II. ANCIIOXIXI, p. 520.

cc. Funicle 4- or 5-jointed. Tribe III. DRYOPHTIIOIUXI, p. 523.

TKir.IO I. ACAMPTIM. .">l!l

aa. Body not covered with a crust, usually glabrous and shining.

(I. Front coxae separated by more than one-half their width; beak as
long as or longer than head, usually dilated at the end, its grooves
rapidly descending; funicle 7-jointed: body sometimes depressed.

Tribe IV. COSSONIXI, p. 525.

(hi. Front coxae very narrowly separated; beak usually shorter than
head, continuous with the front and equally stout; funicle 5- to
7-jointed; body subcylindrical. Tribe V. RIIYXCOLIXI. p. 537.

Tribe I. ACAMPTINI.

Species of elongate, subcylindrical form having- the base of
the short beak receiver! in a groove, the tip resting upon the front
coxa', which are contiguous, prominent, am! in part excavated
for its reception; club of antenna pubescent and sensitive only
near the tip; prosternum deeply and broadly emarginate in front;
second ventral segment longer than third and fourth united;
tibia? stout, sinuate on the inner side, strongly hooked at tip;
tarsi not dilated nor spongy beneath. One genus, treated as a
group of Oyptorhynchini by LeConte but associated with Cosson-
ina> in Biologia, is known.

T. ACAMPTUS Lee., 187(5. (Gr., "without flexibility.")

Distinct and aberrant species with narrow elongate body,
clothed with a dirt-colored crust and bristling with thick, erect,
clavate setre; beak stout, somewhat flattened above, as long as
head and not separated from the latter by groove or constriction;
eyes small, very widely separated, in great part hidden in repose;
funicle 7-jointed, the first joint longer, the others short, closely
united, gradually increasing in width (Fig. 13, f) ; femora not
toothed, tarsi slender, cylindrical, the third joint not bilobed;
claws slender, free and divergent.

816 (8753). ACAMPTUS imunus Lee., 1876, 239.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown, thickly covered with
dirty brown hair and short, erect, stout bristles, which conceal the sculp-
ture. Thorax projecting over the head, one-fourth longer than wide,
sides very feebly rounded, disc broadly constricted at apical third; apex
rounded, base feebly bisinuate, dorsal channel faint. Elytra at base
about one-fourth wider than thorax, subcylindrical, rounded behind, strial
punctures large, quadrate; third, fifth and seventh intervals wider, much
more prominent and bearing rows of bristles. Beneath very coarsely
punctured and with scattered, short, coarse hairs. Length 3 — 4 mm.

Vigo Co., Ind., rare; May 20. Riverside and Edgebrook, 111.,
-Tune 13 — Aug. 12. Dunedin, Fla., April 4. Ranges from Ontario,

520 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSOXIX.E.

Canada, Michigan and Ohio south to District of Columbia,
Florida and Texas. Occurs in red-rotten wood. (Ulkc.)

The type of A. echinus Casey, described originally from New York, is
said by Casey (1895, 837) to be " in reality from Arizona, the label being
erroneous." Dury has recorded it from Cincinnati. It is pale yellow in hue,
with much longer elytra, more deeply constricted thorax, more numerous
and much longer bristles. Length 4.3 mm.

Tribe II. ANCHONINI.

The species of this tribe, which are nearly all Tropical Amer-
ican, have been associated with the Hylobiini by some authors, but
the form of antenna1 (Fig- 13, r) indicates their relationship with
Cossonimp. They are recognized by their globose, deeply inserted,
almost smooth head, and the stout, curved, deflexed beak. The
eyes in the typical genus are depressed, finely granulated and
placed low down on the globular portion of the head, but in
Gononotits they are more coarsely faceted and placed at the sides
of the beak behind, while in Typhloglymma they are wanting.
These insects are found chiefly under the bark of decaying trees,
or by beating dead branches, or beneath driftwood and seaweed on
the coast. Some are thickly coated with an earthy incrustation
which hides most of their surface sculpture. The scales on the
upper surface are more or less setiforin and sometimes clubbed
at tip and often (in tropical species) arranged in fascicles on the
thorax and more elevated portions of elytra.

KEY TO GENERA OF ANCHOXIXI.

rt. Eyes present.

&. Funicle 8-jointed; eyes placed low down on the globular portion of
the head. I. AXCHONUS.

&&. Funicle 7-jointed; eyes placed at the sides of base of beak.

II. GOXOXOTUS.
aa. Eyes wanting; funicle 7-jointed. III. TYPHLOGLYMMA.

I. Axciioxrs Schcn., 1820. (("Jr., "strangled or narrow.")

The chief characters of this genus, aside from those mentioned
in key, are the subovate, rigid, scabrous body, absence of scutel-
lum and inner wings and contiguous front cox;e. The first joint
of funicle is short, second elongate, obconic, 4 — 8 short, subper-
foliate, the outer ones gradually a little thicker; club short, ovate,
solid and pubescent in our species. The males are separated from
the females by the shorter and less cylindrical apical portion of
the beak. Nearly 100 species have been described, mostly from
the Antilles or the main land of Tropical America, the genus ex-
to Chili and the Cocos and Galapagos Islands.

TIIIBE II. ANCHOXIXI. H21

817 (10,844). AXCHONUS FLOKIDANUS Schwarz, 1893, 42.

Oblong-oval, convex. Black or piceous, opaque; antennae, tarsi and
often the last three ventral segments reddish; the whole body more or less
dirt incrusted. Beak cylindrical, arising a.bruptly from a globular head,
nearly as long as head and thorax, moderately curved; antenna! grooves
lateral, straight, reaching the lower part of eye; funicle very little longer
than scape, club oval, pointed at tip. Head deeply retracted, alutaceous;
eyes flat, transverse, rather coarsely granulated. Thorax wider than long,
sides broadly rounded, feebly constricted near apex; surface cribrate with
a few clavate bristles. Elytra at base not as wide as thorax at middle,
ovate, convex, with nine or ten rows of punctures; intervals 3, 5 and 7
subcarinate and with rows of tubercles, intervals 2, 4 and 6 almost flat and
with much smaller tubercles; all tubercles and punctures bearing short,
clavate yellowish bristles. Ventral segments 1, 2 and 5 coarsely, sparsely
punctate, 3 and 4 very short, smooth; legs slender, beset with bristles.
Male with first two ventrals broadly concave, beak shorter, punctate
throughout, last ventral slightly sinuate at middle of apex. Length 4.1—
5.3 mm.

Found in great abundance under deep layers of seaweed on
inner shore of Biscayne Bay at Cocoanut Grove, Fla. ; May 27-
July 17.

818 (- — ). Axenoxrs DUKYI sp. nov.

Form of floridanus. Piceous-brown, opaque, usually covered with a

dirty brown crust; antennae, tibiae and tarsi
reddish-brown. Beak stout, cylindrical, strongly
curved, as long as thorax, separated from the
head by a very wide and deep groove, its sur-
face very coarsely punctate or foveate. Antennae
short, stout, the club smaller more globular.

Fig. 114. X S-

(Original by Dury.) Head smooth; eyes placed very low on its sides,
small, flat, finely granulate. Tliorax slightly wider at middle than long,
sides feebly curved and diverging from base to middle, then rounded to
the very deep and broad postapical constriction; disc cribrate with very
coarse, close-set punctures or fovese. Elytra elongate-oval, convex, widest
at middle, sides broadly curved from base to apex; striae with rows of
coarse foveae; intervals each with a row of close-set prominent tubercles,
each of which bears a very small yellowish, suberect seta. Abdomen punc-
tate as in floridanus. Length 5 — 6 mm. (W. S. B.) (Fig. 114.)

Sarasota, Fla., Jan. 20; two specimens beneath seaweed on
the Gulf beacli. \Vest Palm Beach, Fla., June 9; numerous speci-
mens taken by Dury in company with Gonoitotns and Dri/otriJtus,
clinging to under side of logs and boards on the ocean beach. St.
Petersburg, Fla,, June 26 ; U. S. Nat. Museum collection. Notable
for its coarse sculpture and the very dee]) constrictions at base of
beak and behind apex of thorax. Named in honor of our long-
time mutual friend and noted naturalist, Chas. Dury, of Cincin-
nati, Ohio.

522 SUL! FAMILY XII. COSSOXINJE.

II. GOXOXOTUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "angle" + "back.")

Small oblong-oval, very coarsely sculptured species having the
beak rather slender, nearly as long as thorax, moderately curved,
very coarsely, rugosely punctured ; antennal grooves lateral, deep,
extending to the lower corner of the eyes; antenna? inserted at
apical third, scape slender, reaching the eye, first joint of fnnicle
stout, obconical, slightly longer than second, the latter equal to
the next two; club small, oval, annulated, thinly pubescent; front
coxa* narrowly, middle ones moderately, hind ones very widely
separated ; first, second and fifth ventral segments long, third
and fourth united equal to fifth ; tarsi short, stout, third joint
broader, bilobed, hairy beneath.

819 (9019). GONONOTUS ANCULICOLLIS Suffiv, 1872, 181.

Dull pitchy black, without lustre, usually clothed with a thin crust of
dark color; antenna and tarsi reddish-brown. Head very coarsely, rugosely
punctured. Thorax about as long as wide, sides bisinuate and suddenly
constricted far behind the apex, thus causing two lateral protuberances,
one near base, the other more prominent in front of middle; disc uneven,
with three feeble carina?, coarsely granulate, each granule with a central
puncture. Elytra elongate-oval, slightly wider than thorax; striae wide,
shallow, very coarsely punctate; intervals narrow, carinate, alternately a
little more elevated. Beneath very coarsely punctured. Length 2.5 — 3.7
mm.

Dunedin, Florida, Jan. 21 — April 1. Common on beach of
Clearwater Ray, 05 specimens having been taken at one time be-
neath a partly rotten board. Haulover, Fla., March 16. Jupiter,
Key West, Biscayne Bay, Lake Worth and St. Lucie, Fla. Known
also from Cuba. Maritime, living in larval and adult stages in old
boards and roots, washed up on the shores. (Rilri/.} Described
from Florida as (1. liitnsus and placed in Calandrida* by LeConte.
but previously described from Cuba as a member of the genus
AncJiciuiN by Suffrian, as pointed out by Schwarz. (1893, 53.)

III. TYIMILOGLYMMA Dury, 1901. (Or., "blind" -)- "engraved.")

Body stout, subcylindrical, slightly depressed; eyes wanting;
beak thick, curved, coarsely punctured, three-fourths as long as
thorax, strongly constricted at base; antennal grooves deep, be-
ginning at apical fourth, gradually becoming inferior; scape not
reaching constriction at base of beak, funicle T-jointed, the first
longest, the others subequal, gradually wider; club round, pubes-
cent; thorax squarely truncate at base and nearly so at apex;
scutellum very minute; elytra elongate-oval, conjointly rounded

TIM BE III. DUVOI'IITHOUIXI. 523

•it tips; prosternum sharply pointed behind, emarginate in front;
front coxse contiguous, middle cox;e moderately, the hind ones
very widely separated; first and second ventral segments united
without a trace of suture, third and fourth very narrow, elevated,
fifth rather long, rounded at tip; pygidimn completely concealed;
femora, stout, slightly curved, the front ones very shining; tibiae
robust, terminating in a sharp, stout, incurved spur and a smaller
blunt one on inner angle. Resembles Dri/oh'tlmx iitiincticiix.

Champion, in a letter to Dury, suggested that, from the de-
scription, this might be an Erirhinid instead of Calandrid where
Dury placed it, but in the Biologia he includes it in Anchonini.

820 (— -). TYPIILOGLYMMA PUTEOLATUM Dury, Journ. Gin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XIX, 1901, 243.

Dark brown, shining; head globular, lighter brown than body, glab-
rous, translucent. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, sides subparallel, rounded to
! the broad, feeble apical constriction; disc
covered with large, round, shallow foveae.
Elytra with rows of very large, shallow,
i'oveate punctures; intervals very shining,
slightly elevated and with rows of erect
yellow bristles. Body beneath coarsely
foveate. Length, including beak, 4 mm.
(Fig. 115.)

The unique type was found at Ba-
tavia Junction, near Cincinnati,
Ohio, July 31, 1000 ; frequent search
has failed to produce another. It
was taken while sifting debris, from

Fig. n5. x "• (After Dury.) a (.avjty at the roots of a large oak
tree; a spring of cold water flowed out, and the honey-combed
center of the tree was occupied by a nest of ants, Formica penn-
sijlranica. "As the wet, muddy debris was sifted on the paper,
this beetle staggered out of the mud, like a blind member of a
vanishing race, as I believe it is." (Duri/.)

Tribe III. DRYOPHTHORINI.

Small, coarsely sculptured species, covered with dirt colored
crust and having the beak rather slender, longer than head, cylin-
drical; scutellum invisible; tibiae slender, not dilated, their ter-
minal hook long. Two genera represent the tribe, (rononotus,
formerly included, having been transferred to the tribe An-
chonini.

524 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSOXIN-T].

KEY TO GENERA OF TRIBE DRYOPHTIIORIXI.

a. Funicle of antenna 4-jointed; tarsi 5-jointed; eyes situated on the
head. I. DRYOPHTIIORUS.

aa. Funicle 5-jointed; tarsi 4-jointed; eyes situated on the beak.

II. DRYOTRIBT'S.

I. DRYOPHTHORUS Schon., 1826. (Gr., "oak" -|- ''destroyer.")

Here belongs a single small species, resembling those of Ca-
lamlrfi in form and having the antenna1 inserted near the eyes:
the club elongate-oval, its apex spongy, joints 1 and 2 of fnnicle
short, obconic, 3 and 4 slightly longer, transverse; meta sternum
long, its side pieces narrow; first, second and fifth ventral seg-
ments very large, third and fourth extremely short; tarsi 5-
jointed, differing in this respect from all Rhynchophora except a
few species of Scolytida1.

821 (9015). DRYOPHTHORUS AMERICANUS Bedel, 1885, 192.

Narrowly oval or subcylindrical. Brownish or piceous, opaque, an-
tennas and legs paler. Beak longer than half the thorax, subcylindrical,
above feebly grooved at base, coarsely and clcsely punctured. Head
coarsely, sparsely punctured: eyes oval, transverse, coarsely granulated.
Thorax longer than wide, strongly constricted at apical fourth, sides feebly
curved, subparallel at base, disc coarsely variolate-punctate. Elytra
broader at base than thorax, sides curved, feebly converging to apex; striae
deep, bread, coarsely punctured at bottom; intervals narrow, strongly
convex. Length 2.5 mm.

Marshall and Marion counties, Ind., scarce; Oct 14 — Nov. 17.
Flatbnsh, Bronxville, Van Cortland Park, Milltown and Ramapo
Mts., X. Y.. June — August. Throughout New Jersey, winter and
early spring, in very old logs and under bark of pine. Sanford,
Fla., Jan. 10. Ranges from New England and eastern Canada to
Wisconsin, south to Florida, occurring for the most part beneath
bark of pine and about wood-piles. The former name, corticalis,
Say, is preoccupied.

II. DRYOTRIBUS Horn, 1873. (Gr., "oak" + "eater.")

Also represented by a single species resembling the preceding,
and having the beak three-fourths as long as thorax, curved,
slightly flattened, constricted behind the eyes, coarsely striate-
punctate above; eyes small, rounded, coarsely granulated, situ-
ated on sides of beak about one-fifth from base; antenna? in-
serted midway between eyes and apex of beak, scape reaching
hind margin of eye, as long as the remaining joints together,
funicle 5-jointed, first and second joint obconical, the first the

TRIBE iv. — rossoxixi. 525

longer; elytra elongate-oval, narrowed at base and 'apex; hind
coxa? widely separated.

822 (9017). DRYOTRIBUS KiMETicrs Horn, 1873, 433.

Brownish or piceous, opaque; antennas and tarsi paler. Thorax sub-
cylindrical, one-fourth longer than wide, moderately convex, constricted
near apex, sides moderately curved, base as narrow as the constriction;
surface very densely variolate-punctate. Elytra elongate-oval, broader
than thorax, humeri broadly rounded, sides feebly curved to apical third,
then gradually narrowed to apex; strife broad, coarsely and closely punc-
tured; intervals very narrow, convex, each with a row of rather coarse
punctures. Under surface very coarsely and sparsely punctured ; legs
coarsely punctured and with a few short yellow hairs. Length 2.5 mm.

Dunediu, Fla., April 1; beneath old boards on the Gulf beach.
New Smyrna, Biscay ne Bay, Lake Worth and Key West, Fla.
Also Tortngas. "Maritime; breeds in old boards and roots
washed up on the beaches." (Rilci/.} Greatly resembles the pre-
ceding species, but easily distinguished by the characters given

in key.

Tribe IV. COSSONINI.

Small black or brown, usually glabrous, shining species hav-
ing the beak as long or longer than head ; antenna? inserted at
middle or near its tip, their grooves descending rapidly ; the an-
temwe not received in a deep transverse gular groove as in the
next tribe; fnnicle 7-jointed; front coxte separated by at least
one-half their own diameters.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF COSSONINI.

a. Body pubescent,
ft. Front coxa? remote, separated by fully their own width; antennae

inserted at or behind the middle of beak.

c. Antennal grooves horizontal, directed against the eyes; pubescence
coarse, yellowish; eyes not visible from above. I. HIMATIUM.
cc. Antennal grooves strongly descending, directed beneath the eye;
pubescence very fine; eyes visible from above.

II. TRICHACORYNUS.

M. Front coxae separated by only one-half of their own width; antennae
inserted slightly beyond middle of beak, their grooves oblique, di-
rected beneath the eye. III. CARPHONOTUS.
00. Body glabrous.

d. Body depressed; beak more or less dilated at tip; antennae inserted
near tip of beak. IV. COSSONUS.

dd. Body not depressed; beak not dilated at tip.

e. Antennae- inserted distinctly behind middle of beak.

f. Form very slender, cylindrical; antennal grooves horizontal, di-
rected against the eyes; beak not longer than head, conical,
tapering toward apex. V. MACRANCYLTTS.*

*In the Biologia Macrancylits is said to belong to the Rhyncolini, but as the front
coxae are widely separated, we retain it here.

•")-'» SUBFAMILY XII. COSSOXIX.-i:.

ff. Form stouter, more elliptic; antennal grooves rapidly descend-
ing, directed beneath the eyes; beak shorter, not tapering.

VI. STEXAXCYLUS.
ee. Antennas inserted at or in front of middle of beak.

g. Antennal grooves directed toward the eyes; elytral strife very
deep VII. ALLOMIMUS.

gg. Antennal grooves descending obliquely.

h. Body pale, slender, elongate; funicle slender, club large;
length 1.5 mm. VIII. STEXOMIMUS.

7(7; . Body black or dark brown, more robust.

i. Funicle gradually stouter, club large. IX. CAULOPHILUS.
ii. Funicle very stout, club small. X. MKSITES.

I. HIMATIUM. Woll., 1868.

Small subdepressed linear or feebly v.'edge-sliaped pubescent
species, having the head short, almost enclosed in the tubulate
apex of thorax; beak parallel, feebly curved, subcylindrical ; eyes
rather small, flat, coarsely granulated, situated on sides and
under surface of head ; joints 2 — 7 of funicle very short, equal,
club small, oval, sparsely hairy; metasternmn rather long; front
and middle coxte widely separated ; tibia? short, scarcely longer
than tarsi, their terminal hook very large; third joint of tarsi
feebly dilated.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HIMATIUM.

a. Beak feebly curved, shorter than thorax, its sides parallel.
6. Body parallel, reddish-brown or dusky, rather densely and coarsely
pubescent; thorax coarsely, sub-confluently punctate; punctures
of elytral stria? coarse and approximate. 823. ERR.VXS.

l>b. Body somewhat wedge-shaped, more convex; black, much less
pubescent, the punctures of thorax much smaller, distinctly de-
fined: elylral striae not impressed, the intervals wide.

824. XIGRITULUM.

aa. Beak straight, as long as thorax, cylindrical, not distinctly separated
from the head by a transverse impression; color reddish-brown.

825. COXICUM.

823 (9020). HIMATHM ERKAXS Lee.. 1876, 427.

Narrow, elongate. Reddish-brown or dusky, nearly opaque, thickly
clothed with coarse yellowish hairs. Beak slightly shorter than thorax,
rugosely punctured, transversely impressed at base. Thorax subquadrate,
depressed, more than one-half longer than wide, widest near base; sides
suddenly rounded behind the widest part, gradually obliquely narrowed
and nearly straight in front, slightly constricted near apex, disc very
densely and coarsely punctured, without median smooth line. Scutellum

riiir.K iv. — COSSONIM. 527

very small but distinct. Elytra one-fourth wider than the widest part of
thorax, truncate at base, sides parallel to apical third, then rounded to apex;
strise deep, broad, their punctures large, quadrate; intervals very narrow.
Body beneath very coarsely punctured, punctures of ventral segments
not smaller. Length 2 — 2.2 mm.

Tyngsboro, Mass., Apr. 18. Newark and Berkeley, N. J., July
0. Ranges from Weymouth, Nova Scotia and New England to
Ohio, south to Tallahassee, Fla. Occurs under bark. Inquilinous
in the galleries of Tomicus ca cog ra pints Lee. under bark of yellow
pine. (Schtrdf.z'.} LeConte says the scutellnni is invisible and
the elytra not wider than the widest part of thorax, statements
which do not agree wUh the specimens in hand.

A specimen taken at Ft. Myers, Fla., March 21, only 1.5 mm. in
length, the beak and thorax as in errans, but with longer, coarse, recurved
yellow elytral setae, seems deserving of a distinctive name and may be
known as var. parvula. ( W. 8. B.)

824 (11,220). HIMATIUM NIGRITULUM Casey, 1892, 691.

Black, elytra somewhat shining; legs, antennae and apical parts of
thorax piceous-brown; vestiture sparse, consisting of erect setiform
scales, especially visible on beak and elytral apex. Head smooth; beak
three-fourths as long as thorax, opaque, sculptured. Thorax conical,
slightly longer than wide, constricted behind the apex, punctures rather
coarse, deep, rounded. Elytra with sides feebly curved, disc with unimpress-
ed rows of deep, oblong, close-set punctures; intervals flat, shining, feebly
rugose. Beneath densely, coarsely punctate. Length 1.8 mm.

Described from a single Florida specimen.

825 (9021). HIMATIUM CONICUM Lee., 1880, 218.

Elongate, subconical, narrowed in front from behind the middle of
elytra. Color of errans. Beak more slender and cylindrical than there,
densely punctate. Thorax subconical, not depressed, sides nearly straight
and converging from near base to apex, suddenly incurved at base; disc
more finely and densely punctate. Elytra as in errans, the intervals with
coarser more erect clavate yellowish setae. Length 1.6 — 2 mm.

South Woodstock, Conn., Oct. 22. Pennington Gap, Va. Dis-
trict of Columbia, and southwestern Pennsylvania. Occurs in the
bark of the yellow poplar or tulip tree, Liriodcmlron- tulipifcra
L. (tfclnni /•.:'); also beneath that of pine. Pin us slrobns L., in-
fested by Tomicus ]>ini Say. (Chittendcn.) Though the eyes are
concealed in repose by the head being immersed in the thorax, the
small but distinct postocular lobes, mentioned by LeConte and
repeated by Casey, are not visible in the specimens at hand, and
such lobes do not occur in any member of the tribe. Close to

~2S SUBFAMILY XII. - COSSOXIX.E.

. of which Dr. Schwarz considers it a synonym, but sepa-
rable by the characters above given.

II. TRICHACORYXUS gen. nov. (Gr., "hairy" -|- "club.")

Elongate subcylinclrical species having the beak as long as
head, feebly constricted at base; antenna? inserted at basal third,
scape clavate, passing middle of eye; funicle 7 -jointed, first joint
stout, as long as 2 and 3 united, second slightly shorter and nar-
rower than third, 3 — 1 subequal in length, gradually wider, all
broader than long; club stout, oval, densely clothed, except at
base, with coarse yellow hairs; eyes large, convex, widely sepa-
rated, coarsely faceted ; front coxae separated by their own width ;
tibiie short, rather slender, armed with a strong hook ; tarsi with
third joint feebly bilobed, scarcely wider than second. (W. *S'. 7?.)

82G (- -). TRICIIACORYNUS BRI'NNEUS sp. nov.

Elongate, feebly depressed. Uniform chestnut brown, shining; head,
beak, thorax and under surface finely alutaceous; above sparsely clothed
with very fine and short yellowish pubescence; beneath almost glabrous.
Beak stout, sides parallel, both it and head finely, deeply and sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than wide, sides incurved
Tiear base, then straight and feebly converging to apex; disc very finely,
remotely punctate. Elytra subcylindrical, one-third wider and three times
as long as thorax; sides straight to apical third, then broadly rounded to
apex; striae almost obsolete, indistinctly serrately punctate; intervals flat,
minutely punctate, finely transversely rugose. Under surface very finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2.8 mm. (W. 8. B.)

Marion County, Ind., Dec. 28. One specimen from side of
shed where wood was stored. A'ery distinct, in its peculiar sculp-
ture and densely pubescent club, from all other members of the
tribe-

Ill. CARPHOXOTUS Casey, 1892.
(Gr., "small dry body" + "back.")

This genus was erected for a rather broad, subdepressed pub-
escent species having the beak stout, straight, parallel, three-
fifths as long as thorax, not separated by an impression from the
head; basal joint of funicle as long as the next two. 2 — 7 short,
equal in length; scutellum distinct; elytra one-half wider than
thorax; metasternum long; tibire without internal spur at apex;
tarsi rather stout, their third joint dilated and bilobed.

827 (11,223). CARPHOXOTI'S TESTACEVS Casey, 1892, 694.

Oblong-oval, feebly depressed. Pale reddish-brown, shining; upper
surface with short, coarse, very sparse subrecumbent pubescence, becoming
erect toward the tips of elytra. Head and beak finely, not densely punc-

TRIBE IV. COSSOXIXI. 520

tate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, feebly constricted near apex; sides
subparallel, very slightly curved; apex broadly, feebly curved, but slightly
narrower than base; punctures rather fine but deep, perforate, somewhat
sparse, median line obsolete. Elytra twice as long as wide, sides straight
and parallel to apical third, then rounded to the obtuse apex; disc with
unimpressed rows of large, deep, oblong punctures; intervals flat, narrow,
each with a single uneven row of minute punctures. Under surface through-
out rather finely, deeply, somewhat densely punctate. Length 2.3 — 2.8 mm.

Mt. Washington, X. H., beneath spruce bark. (Blanchard.)
Sault Ste Marie, Out.; July 21. Little Codroy River and Nich-
olsville, on Hnmber River, Newfoundland. (Bolster.} Described
from Minnesota.

IV. COSSONUS Clairville, 1798.

Black or piceons species of moderate size, living- beneath the
bark of dead trees, and having the body depressed ; beak dilated
at tip (Fig. 5) ; antenna^ inserted near the tip, their grooves
rapidly descending. An interesting fact in connection with their
biology is the frequent occurrence with them of species of the
genus Rliyncolus. They have recently been revised by Dr. Edwin
C. Van Dyke, loc. cit. Six of the 15 species recognized by him
occur in the Eastern States.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF COSSONUS.

a. Black, with base of elytra, metasternum and abdomen rufous.

828. HAMILTONI.
aa. Unicolored black or piceous species.

b. Thorax as wide or wider than long, sides usually distinctly curved,
surface very unevenly punctured; elytral intervals flat.

829. PLATALEA.

bb. Thorax longer than wide, sides slightly curved or straight.

c. Basal portion of beak longer than dilated portion; elytral inter-
vals feebly convex. 830. SUBAREATUS.
cc. Basal portion of beak equal in length to the dilated portion.

d. Beak elongate, apical portion distinctly wider than basal and

rather suddenly dilated.

e. Thorax somewhat wedge-shaped, almost as wide at base as
elytra, sides gradually convergent forwards from in front
of base, disc concave on basal third, the impression with a
median carina. 831. IMPRESSUS.

ee. Thorax not wedge-shaped, its sides almost parallel, disc con-
vex, coarsely and closely punctured, the median line concave
near base: intervals strongly convex. 832. CONCINNUS.
(Id. Beak broad and short, apical portion more gradually dilated
and but little wider than basal; thorax as wide or wider than
elytra. 833. CORTICOLA.

SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN.T].

828 (- -). Cossoxus HAMILTONI Slosson, Can. Ent, XXXI, 1899, 193.

Black, shining, basal half of elytra, metasternum and abdomen rufous;
antenna? and legs dark red. Beak stout, finely and closely punctate, very
abruptly and almost transversely quadrangularly dilated at apex, the dilated
portion barely as long as the basal. Thorax oblong, with a triangular
depression from base to near apex, in which the punctures are coarse and
irregular, though smaller and more regular at sides. Elytra slightly
wider than base of thorax, surface deeply striate at base, striae with close
deep punctures, but not impressed on apical portion. Length 2.9 mm.

Miami and Ft. Worth, Fla., beneath bark of dead rubber tree,
Ficus aurea L. First collected by Dr. Hamilton at Ft. Worth.
Occurs also in the West Indies.

829 (9023). Cossoxrs PLATALEA Say, 1831, 24; ibid, I, 292.

Elongate, parallel. Black, strongly shining, antenna? and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Head rather finely and sparsely punc-
tured. Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, basal
portion longer than apical, the latter rather sud-
denly quadrangularly dilated, finely and closely
punctate. Thorax as wide or wider than long, apex
rather suddenly narrowed, sides strongly and regu-
larly curved; disc flattened, the punctures at sides
denser and finer, at middle somewhat coarser and
more distant. Elytra slightly broader than middle of
thorax, flattened, striate, rather coarsely and serrate-
ly punctured; intervals flat, very minutely uniseriate-
ly punctate. Length 5.5 — 6.5 mm. (Fig. 116.)

Frequent beneath bark of butternut and
elm throughout Indiana March 29 — Sept. 12.
Ranges from New England and Canada south
to Virginia, west to Iowa; beneath bark of
butternut, walnut, poplar and pine. Van Dyke does not consider
the pine a normal food plant. Specimens occur with the sides
almost parallel which are very difficult to separate from siib-
<irc<i fits. Van Dyke says itlatalca can be separated by its
"broader thorax, slightly more prominent eyes and shorter basal
portion of rostrum."

C. boliemanni Horn, a name proposed for platalea Boh. (nee. Say), re-
presents (fide Van Dyke) an atypical specimen or an inaccurate de-
scription with which no specimen can be reconciled. The name is there-
fore to be dropped from our lists.

830 (9024). COSSONUS SUBAREATUS Boh., Schon., 1845, 266.

Black, shining. Head smooth; beak rather coarsely, closely punctate,
one-half as long as thorax, basal portion longer than apical, which is one-
third broader than its neck and quadrangularly dilated. Thorax slightly

Fig. 116. X
(After Felt.)

TRIBE IV. COSSONINI. 531

longer than broad, sides almost parallel at middle, disc unequally punc-
tured, rather finely at sides, coarsely in median area. Elytra but slightly
wider than thorax, striae rather coarsely, serrately punctured; intervals
feebly convex, very minutely uniseriately punctured. Length 4.5 — 7 mm.

Not yet identified from Indiana. Ranges from the "Middle
States to Nebraska and Kansas, and from the Lake States to
Montana, Washington and California. Apparently confined to
broad-leaved trees." (Van Dyke.)

831 (9029). COSSONUS IMPRESSUS Boh., Schb'n., 1838, 1019.

Black, piceous or rufous, shining. Head smooth; beak rather finely
and sparsely punctate, scarcely half as long as thorax, basal portion about
as long as apical, which is quadrilaterally dilated and broader than long;
vertex with a deep, impressed linear puncture. Thorax longer than broad,
convergent until near apex, rather closely punctured at sides, more coarsely
in triangular depression at base, through which extends a smooth
carina which is a little less than one-third the length of thorax. Elytra
not wider than thorax, strias coarsely, serrately punctured; intervals
rather flat, indistinctly punctate. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica and Central America ; the
more southern specimens darker.

832 (9026). COSSONUS CONCINNUS Boh., Schon., 1838, 1006.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Black, shining, antennas and tarsi piceous.
Beak less than half as long as thorax, finely and rather densely punctate,
basal portion with a short groove and about equal to apical, the latter
abruptly dilated, much wider than long. Thorax slightly longer than
broad, sides feebly curved, more strongly near apex; disc convex, with a
rather large triangular impression at middle of base, coarsely, evenly and
rather densely punctured, the basal depression cribrate and often with a
faint carina. Elytra not wider than thorax, deeply striate, stris coarsely
serrately punctured; intervals very narrow, convex, each with a row of
minute punctures. Length 3.5 — 5.5 mm.

Common throughout Indiana ; Jan. 18 — Nov. 5. Occurs be-
neath bark of butternut, sycamore and other trees, often in com-
pany with platalea. Bronxville, N. Y., July, under woody fun-
gus on oak stump. Many localities in New Jersey; May — Au-
gust. Ranges from Canada to Florida, west to Missouri, under
bark of chestnut and other hardwood trees. Both this species
and the next have the antenna 1 funicle much stouter than in
those which precede, the outer joints wider, the last one-half to
two-thirds the breadth of the club.

G. impressifrons Boh. (1838, 100) is a form in which the thorax is
evidently narrower than elytra, flatter, with the sides more convergent in
front, and with more distinct median carina, but this form grades in-

532 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN^E.

sensibly into typical concinnus. If the examination of the types prove
the two to be varieties of one species, the name impressifrons will have
priority. (Van Dyke.)

833 (9027). COSSONUS COKTICOLA Say, 1831, 24; ibid, I, 291.

Black or piceous, somewhat shining; antennae and tarsi chestnut brown.
Beak less than half the length of thorax, marked with dense elongate punc-
tures, basal portion shorter than apical, which is but slightly dilated;
vertex with a deeply impressed, elongate puncture between the eyes.
Thorax much longer than wide, sides almost straight from base to apical
third, then slightly converging to the feebly constricted apex; disc rather
coarsely and closely punctured, often with a narrow median smooth area
and a slight depression near base. Elytra elongate, parallel, somewhat
narrower than thorax, deeply striate, stria? more coarsely punctured on
basal half; intervals as 'in concinnus. Length 4 — 5 mm.

Frequent beneath bark of pine in northern Indiana; very
scarce in the southern counties; June IS — August 26. Van Cort-
land Park and West Point, N. Y. ; July. Newark, Spring Lake,
Lakehurst and Anglesea, N. J., under pine bark; April — July.
Ormoud, Sanford, Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla. ; common beneath
bark of dead pine; Jan. 12 — Apr. 11. Ranges from New England
and Canada to Missouri, south to Florida, Mexico and Guate-
mala, its normal food plant being pine. The Florida specimens
are smaller and paler than those from Indiana, being more often
piceous-brown than black. In addition to The very different form
of beak, corticola has the elytra less deeply and broadly striate
than in concinnus. The thorax is less convex, with smaller im-
pression near base and more sparsely and irregularly punctate
than there, and the median smooth line is better developed, being
sometimes nearly entire. The median groove of beak is longer
and much more distinct in concinnus, usually extending onto the
apical dilated portion.

Y. MACRAXCYLUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "large" + "curve.")

Our only member of this genus is a slender-bodied, cylindrical
species having the beak stout, as long as head, not separated from
the front ; antennae inserted near the base close to the eyes, which
are round, not prominent, finely granulated; scape long, clavate,
reaching hind border of eye, first joint of funicle larger and
thicker, the others very short, wide, closely united; scutelluni
distinct; front coxre widely separated; tibi?e gradually dilated
and with a spine at inner apical angle; tarsi rather broad, the
last joint longer than the others united, claws large, divergent.

TRIBE IV. COSSONINI. 533

834 (9031). MACRANCYLUS LINEARIS Lee., 1876, 339.

Very elongate, cylindrical. Piceous or brown, shining, glabrous; an-
tennae and legs reddish-brown. Head and beak finely punctured. Thorax
subcylindrical, more than one-half longer than wide, slightly narrowed in
front, disc finely, not densely punctured, without impressions, its sides
rounded near the base. Elytra not wider than thorax, stria? rather wide,
shallow, much deeper on the posterior declivity, their punctures rather
coarse, serrate, close-set; intervals narrow, convex. Under surface distinct-
ly but finely punctured; flanks of thorax feebly concave in front. Length
2.5—3 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., scarce beneath drift on the beach of bay ; Jan.
21 — March 21. A strictly maritime and semitropical species,
first found by Hubbard and Schwarz at Haulover, Fla., in March,
when it was abundant on the sea shore under boards. A colony
of 30 or 40 were found by Schwarz under a log at Padre Island,
Texas. Eleven taken under drift and 50 more on the under side
of a wide, flat oak plank, June 29, at same place by Wickham.
Occurs only on open coast, not lagoons, under driftwood which
is partly soft, so the larva? can cling to it. (Totonsend, 1903.)
Occurs also in West Indies and Hawaiian Islands.

VI. STENANCYLUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "narrow" -j- "curve.")

Elongate, narrowly oval species having the head rather elon-
gate, conical; beak short, broad, parallel, not constricted at base;
basal joint of funicle as long as the next two, second to seventh
short, subequal, feebly increasing in width; eyes very convex,
prominent, coarsely granulated; front coxa? widely separated.

835 (11,222). STENANCYLUS COLOMBO: Casey, 1892, 693.

Elongate, narrowly oval, convex. Pale rufo-piceous throughout, glab-
rous, polished. Head and beak continuous, finely, not densely punctate;
beak two-fifths as long as thorax, straight. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, broadly, feebly constricted near apex, sides feebly curved, disc finely
unevenly punctured without trace of median line. Elytra wider and
more than twice as long as thorax, sides parallel and straight to apical
third, then convergent and sinuate to the narrowly obtuse apex; stria?
coarsely feebly impressed, coarsely punctate; intervals narrow, finely uni-
seriately punctate. Beneath coarsely punctate. Length 2.2 — 2.4 mm.

Lake Okeechobee, Fla., March 6 — 8. Biscayne Bay and Cape
Jupiter, Fla., April 20. West Indies. Lives in the roots of
Acrosticlimn aurcum L., a very large brackish-water fern grow-
ing along the coasts of Florida.

534 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN^J.

VII. ALLOMIMUS Lee., 1876. (Gr., "different" -f Mi mus.)

Very small, elongate-oval, coarsely sculptured species having
the beak stout, subcylindrical, narrower than head; eyes small,
rounded, convex, rather coarsely granulated ; scape short,
strongly clavate, reaching front margin of eye, first joint of
funicle a little larger and stouter, remaining joints short, closely
united, gradually but slightly broader; club large, oval, pointed,
pubescent; scutelluni distinct; front coxa? widely separated;
tibiae with a small spine at inner angle, the terminal hook long.
The genus is consolidated with Stenom,imus in the Biologia.

836 (9032). ALLOMIMUS DUBIUS Horn, 1873, 442.

Narrowly oval. Dark reddish-brown, shining, antennas and legs paler.
Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, slightly broader at tip, sparsely, at base
more coarsely, punctured. Thorax conical, slightly longer than wide at
base, sides feebly curved near base, then gradually converging to apex;
disc slightly convex, coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, often with a
narrow smooth line at middle. Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax,
sides straight to apical fourth, then obliquely narrowed to the slightly pro-
longed and obtusely rounded apex; striae very deep, coarsely serrately punc-
tured, the eighth united with the seventh behind the humeri; intervals
narrow, convex, finely, uniseriately punctate. Beneath coarsely punc-
tured. Length 2 — 2.8 mm.

Crawford County, Ind., rare ; May 25 . Known also from Ohio,
Michigan, Illinois, Texas and Florida. Occurs beneath bark of
dead or decaying trees and that of the mustang grape vine.

837 (9047). ALLOMIMUS CORTICALIS Boh., Schon., 1845, 284.

Smaller and more slender than dubius. Color as there. Thorax more
narrow, its sides converging from base; disc with punctures finer, much
less dense and with a faint impressed line instead of a smooth raised one
at middle. Elytral striae less deep, their punctures finer, less serrate.
Length 1.8 — 2 mm.

Crescent City, Fla. Described from "Carolina." Very close
to dii~bius and if it proves to be the same, Boheman's name will
have priority.

VIII. STENOMIMUS WolL, 1873. (Gr., "narrow" +Mimus.)

Very small, slender pale species having the beak cylindrical,
feebly curved, one-half as long as thorax ; antennae inserted at
middle of beak, scape barely reaching the eyes which are rather
large, convex, coarsely granulated ; front coxa? widely separated.
One species, the smallest of the subfamily, occurs with us.

TRIBE IV. COSSONINI.

535

838 (9033). STENOMIMUS PALLIDUS Boh., Schon., 1845, 279.

Linear, strongly depressed. Pale reddish-yellow, shining. Beak
sparsely punctured and with an impressed point between the eyes. Thorax
oblong, sides gradually divergent from apex, base slightly narrower and
feebly curved; disc depressed, finely and rather sparsely punctured. Elytra
at base as wide as thorax, sides parallel to apical fifth; disc subdepressed,
stria? fine, their puctures rather coarse, close-set; intervals moderately con-
vex, each with a row of very minute punctures. Beneath sparsely punc-
tured. Length 1.5 mm.

Vigo County, Ind., Jan. 7 ; a dozen or more gregarious beneath
the bark of a dead walnut snag. Riverside, 111., Apr. 25. Ranges
from Pennsylvania and Ohio to Illinois and southward. Eight
examples were taken at one time, on May 11, near Cincinnati,
Ohio, in a wounded part of a living hickory, and on another occa-
sion adults and larvae were numerous in the moist fibres beneath
the bark of the black walnut, Jucjhins nlgra L. (Dun/.}
IX. CAULOPIIILUS Woll., 1854. (Gr., "stalk" + "to love.")

Small, convex, subcyliudrical, deeply sculptured species having
the beak broad, cylindrical, feebly curved ; eyes large, convex ; an-
tennse inserted at middle of beak, their grooves oblique, descend-
ing; scape reaching front of eyes, funicle slender, its outer joints
gradually wider (Fig. 117, &) ; scutellum distinct.

839 (9034). CAULOPIIILUS LATINASUS Say, 1831, 30; ibid, I, 299.

Elongate, rather robust.

Fig. 117. a, Beetle X 12'> b,

Reddish-brown or piceous, feebly shining.
Beak longer than half the thorax, sparsely
punctured, with a faint elongate fovea
between the eyes. Thorax as broad as
long, moderately constricted near apex,
sides strongly curved, base slightly nar-
rowed, feebly bisinuate; disc rather finely
and evenly punctured, with a broad, faint
impression en basal third. Elytra sub-
cylindrical, not wider than middle of and
more than twice as long as thorax, moder-
ately convex; strife deep, rather coarsely
and closely punctured on basal half, more
finely or obsoletely near apex, the seventh
and eighth united behind the humerus as
in AUomlmus ; intervals convex, indis-
tinctly punctulate. Under surface sparsely

tenna; c, hind leg. (After Chit- punctured. Front tibise sinuate within.

Length 3 mm. (Fig. 117.)

Dunedin, Fla.. Mar. 20; beaten from oak. Recorded from
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida; also West Indies, Mexico
and Guatemala. Known as the "broad-nosed grain weevil,"

536 SUBFAMILY XII. — COSSOXIXJE.

the larvae feeding upon dried cereals and other food materials.
Chittenden (1911) states that it was first recorded as "beaten
from dead twigs," (Schwarz), and "as living under the bark of
dead and decaying wood," (Rilci/}, as do most other Cossonids.
In 1895 it was found to be attacking chick-peas at the Atlanta
exposition, and since then has become known as an enemy of
Indian corn and the seeds of the alligator pear. Cossonus pinguis
Horn and CatiJophihis scitlpturatus Woll. are synonyms.

X. MESITES Sclion., 1837. (Gr., "intermediate.")

Elongate subcyliudrical species having the beak slender, sub-
terete, male, cylindrical, female, twice as long as head, deflexed,
feebly curved; antennae inserted about or slightly behind the
middle, club small, short, ovate; funicle stout, second joint short;
thorax oblong, narrowed in front, moderately convex above, both
base and apex truncate; scutellum round, minute; elytra convex,
elongate, subcylindrical; tibise armed at outer angle of apex with
a strong curved claw and at inner angle with a short spine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF MESITES.

a. Elytra black, their intervals with two irregular rows of rather coarse

punctures. 840. SUBCYLINDBICUS.

aa. Elytra red, intervals each with a single irregular row of small punc-

tures. 841. BUFIPEXNIS.

840 (9035). MESITES SUBCYLIKDBICUS Horn, 1873, 441.

Subcylindrical. Black or piceous, shining. Beak slightly longer than
half the thorax, very feebly curved, terete, coarsely punctured, finely
grooved above and with an impressed puncture between the eyes. Anten-
nae stout, club scarcely broader than funicle. Thorax longer than wide,
apex feebly constricted, sides broadly curved, base slightly narrowed; disc
convex, coarsely and unevenly punctured, the median line and an oval space
on each side in front of middle smooth. Elytra not wider than thorax,
nearly cylindrical; stria? moderately deep, coarsely not serrately punctured;
intervals feebly convex, each with two irregular rows of rather coarse punc-
tures, those at apex more rugulose. Beneath moderately punctured.
Length 6.5 mm.

Flatbush, X. Y. ; "from a Dutch dictionary." (Zabrixkir. i
Cape May and Anglesea, X. J., under bark of washed up pine
logs ; July. On seashore at Cape Henlopen, Del.

841 (9036). MESITES KUFIPENNIS Lee., 1878, 432.

Elongate, cylindrical. Black, glabrous, shining; elytra palei red,
their tips often dusky; antennae, beak and legs reddish-brown. Head and
dilated base of beak very finely and sparsely punctured, the former with a

TRIBE V. RHYNCOLIXI. 537

large deep fovea, the latter with a short, groove. Thorax oblong, longer
than wide, slightly narrower in front, sides broadly rounded, more so at
base and apex; disc rather coarsely, not densely punctured. Elytra
scarcely wider than thorax; striae rather shallow, with rows of close-set
quadrate punctures; intervals not wider than strife, punctured as mention-
ed in key. Beneath coarsely punctured; ventral segments 1 — 4 sparsely
and less coarsely punctured. Length 5 — 5.3 mm.

New Smyrna and Lake Worth, Fla., one specimen at each
place on ocean beach. St. Simon Island, Ga. ; April 22 — May 12.
More depressed, with the elytral intervals less convex and more
finely punctate than in siibcylindricus.

Tribe V. RHYNCOLINI.

Small cylindrical species resembling certain Scolytidse in
general appearance and agreeing in the following principal char-
acters; antennal grooves beginning near the tip of beak (except in
Tonfolips and Stenoscclis) and descending obliquely below the
eyes, the latter with a deep transverse gular groove in front be-
neath, which receives in part the antennae in repose; beak short,
broad, usually continuous with the head ; prosternum very nar-
row between the coxa?. The distribution is principally northern,
though a number of species are known from Florida. We regard
the narrowly separated front coxre as a more important character
than the length of beak, and hence retain Phlceopliagus in this
tribe.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF RHYNCOLINI.

a. Beak half or more the length of thorax; funicle 7-jointed.

I. PHLCEOPHAGUS.

oo. Beak distinctly less than half the length of thorax.
&. Funicle 5-jointed.

c. Beak slightly narrowed from base to tip, not separated from
head by a transverse impression; club truncate at tip; sculp-
ture very coarse. II. TOMOLIPS.
cc. Beak not narrower at tip than base, separated from the head by a

broad, transverse impression; club not truncate.
(I. First joint of funicle very large, almost wholly enclosing the
second; club slender, gradually formed.

III. PSEUDOPENTARTHRUM.

dd. First joint of funicle moderate, not concealing the base of sec-
ond; club abruptly formed. IV. PENTARTIIRINUS.
&b. Funicle with more than five joints.

e. Funicle 6-jointed; club nearly solid; beak much longer than head.

V. HEXARTHRUM.
ee. Funicle 7-jointed.

f. Elytra distinctly striate; form more robust.
g. Beak at least as long as head, its antennal grooves beginning
near the tip; tarsi usuallv dilated. . VI. RHYNCOLUS.

538 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN^E.

gg. Beak much shorter than head, its grooves reduced to deep

postmedian pits; tarsi narrow. VII. STENOSCELIS.

ff. Elytral striae, except sutural one, obsolete; form very slender;

beak less than half the length of head. VIII. LIOLEPTA.

I. PHLCEOPHAGUS Schon., 1837. (Gr., "bark" + "eater.")

Antennae inserted at middle of beak, scape impinging more or
less on the eyes; two basal joints of funicle obconic, eacb one-half
longer than third, 3 — 7 short, subequal, gradually slightly wider;
beak rather stout, feebly curved; thorax oblong, narrowed from
base toAvard apex ; scutellum small, rounded ; elytra elongate, con-
vex above, their base truncate; third tarsal joints moderately
dilated and slightly emarginate at tip.

KEY TO AMERICAN SPECIES OF PHLCEOPHAGUS.

a. Body glabrous; beak half the length of thorax.
!>. Black or piceous; thorax densely punctate.

c. Beak widest at insertion of antenna?; elytral striae deep, coarsely

serrately punctured. 842 APIONIDES.

cc. Beak cylindrical, feebly tapering from the base; striae with coarse,

quadrate, not serrate punctures. 843. VARIOLATUS.

bl). Reddish-brown; thorax sparsely punctured; elytral striae broad, not

deep, punctures coarse, not serrate. 844. MINOR.

act. Body pubescent; beak three-fourths as long as thorax. 845. SPADIX.

842 (9037). PHLCEOPHAGUS APIONIDES Horn, 1873, 443.

Elongate-oval. Black, moderately shining. Beak half the length of
thorax, febly curved, cylindrical, finely punctate. Head almost smooth.
Thorax subcylindrical, very little longer than wide, sides feebly curved;
disc convex, coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra at base one-third
"broader than thorax; humeri prominent; sides straight and parallel for
two-thirds their length, apex slightly prolonged and obtusely rounded;
striae as given in key; intervals narrower than striae, convex, slightly ir-
regular on their summits. Under surface coarsely and densely punctured.
Length 3 mm.

Marquette, Mich., May 7. Ranges from New England and
Canada to Michigan, south to District of Columbia. Occurs on
wild cherry and ash, (Beutenmuller) ; on dead twigs, (Ulke).

843 (— — ). PHLCEOPHAGUS VARIOLATUS Dury, Journ. Gin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
1916, 14.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous, shining, legs and antennas paler.
Beak cylindrical, distinctly tapering, finely and sparsely punctate. Head
finely punctured ; thorax longer than wide, sides slightly curved, disc deeply,
coarsely and closely punctate and with a narrow smooth median line.
Elytra about twice as long as thorax, striae with coarse, quadrate punc-
tures; intervals as wide as striae, each with a row of very fine punctures.
Beneath with sparse, coarse variolate punctures. Length 2.5 mm.

TRIBE V. RHYNCOLINI. 539

Cincinnati, Ohio, frequent on standing dead beech trees;
May — July.

844 (9038). PHILCEOPIIAGUS MINOR Horn, 1873, 443.

Reddish-brown, shining. Beak stout, not curved, finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly curved,
more strongly near base, disc convex, gradually broader behind the middle,
rather finely, evenly, not densely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider than
thorax, sides parallel to apical fourth, apex broadly rounded, surface
convex; striae not deep and gradually feebler to apex, coarsely but not
serrately punctured, becoming obsoletely so toward apex; intervals feebly
convex, the eighth uniting with the seventh behind the humeri, each with
a row of minute punctures. Beneath sparsely and finely, the flanks of
thorax more coarsely punctured. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Fort Lee, Newark and Anglesea, N. J. ; July. Buffalo, N. Y.
Ranges from New York to Michigan and Nebraska, south to Vir-
ginia. Occurs in the decaying trunks of birch, willow and elm,
(Chittenden} ; on dead twigs, (Ulkc}.

845 (11,225). PHLCEOPHAGUS SPADIX Hbst., 1795, 256.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown, almost shining, thinly
pubescent with suberect grayish-yellow hairs; antenna? and legs paler.
Beak stout, broad, finely and densely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical,
as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, disc coarsely, densely and rather
shallowly punctate, with trace of a median smooth line. Elytra crenately
striate; intervals rugulose, very finely punctate. Length 3 mm.

Rockaway Beach, Long Island, N. Y. ; on seashore in water-
soaked driftwood. West Bergen and Brigantine Beach, N. J.,
June 23. An imported species not yet commonly found in this
country.

II. TOMOLIPS Woll., 1873. (Gr., "to cut" + "desiring.")

Stout cylindrical species having the beak slightly longer than
head, robust, subcylindrical, not curved; antennal grooves deep,
commencing at middle, rapidly descending, passing entirely be-
neath the eyes and distant from their lower edges; antennae stout,
scape short, not more than half the length of the remaining joints
united; first joint of funicle stout, longer than the others, 2 — 5
subequal, broader than long; club round, glabrous, shining, trun-
cate at tip ; scutellum small, rounded ; legs short, robust ; tarsi
nearly as long as the tibiae, slender, third joint not bilobed,
fourth as long as the others united ; front and middle coxae nar-
rowly separated.

A genus remarkable in the structure of its antenna?, the species

540 srnFAMii.Y xn. — COSSOXIX.K.

of which superficially resemble Hyhtstes and other genera of
Scolytidse. The name ToinoUps antedates Wollastonia Horn,
which is also preoccupied for a fossil beetle described by Heer.
WollastonieUa proposed by Cockerel 1 (100(5, 243) is therefore
needless.

846 (9039). TOMOLIPS QLTERCICOLA Boh., Schon., 1845, 281.

Black, shining; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown; legs piceous. Beak
finely punctured at tip, more coarsely but less densely at base. Thorax
longer than wide, nearly cylindrical, very slightly narrowed in front, sur-
face very coarsely, not densely punctured. Elytra cylindrical, scarcely
wider than thorax, humeri moderately prominent, tips with margin slight-
ly prolonged and feebly reflexed; striae deep, especially so near apex, their
punctures coarse, deep, moderately closely placed; intervals narrow, convex,
their crests undulating, each with a single irregular row of very fine,
remote punctures. Body beneath coarsely variolate-punctate. Front tibiae
simply mucronate at inner apical angle in both sexes. Length 3 mm.

Marion and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; March 17 — June 3;
sifted from debris of rotten beech stumps. Laudisville and Angle-
sea, N. J., July 14; breeding in dead wood of various trees.
Ranges from New P]ngland to Indiana, south and southwest to
Florida, Texas and Guatemala,

III. PSEUDOPENTARTHRUM Woll., 1873.

(Gr., '-false" + Pentarthrmn.)

Stout, robust black species having the beak as long as head,
stout, its sides parallel ; eyes feebly convex, finely faceted, visible
from above; antennae inserted at basal third, joints 2 — 5 of funicle
wider than long, closely united, club but slightly wider than
funicle, compressed; legs short, stout; fourth joint of tarsi very
slender, curved.

847 (- -). PSEUDOPENTARTHRUM SIMPLEX Casey, 1892, 697.

Subcylindrical, rather robust. Black, glabrous, antennae and tarsi red-
dish-brown. Beak and head finely and rather closely punctate, separated
by a wide, distinct transverse impression. Thorax as wide as long, widest at
middle, sides rather strongly rounded, disc finely, deeply and densely
punctate, minutely alutaceous without smooth median line. Elytra as
wide at base as thorax at middle, sides straight and parallel for three-
fourths their length; stria? with coarse, rather close-set punctures; intervals
feebly convex, each with a row of minute punctures. Under surface
coarsely, abdomen finely punctate. Length 2.5 — 2.8 mm.

Perry Co., Ind., May 23. Meridian, Miss, June 19. Easily
distinguished by the 5-jointed funicle with very large basal joint,
narrow club, and thorax with apex and base much narrower than
middle.

TRIBE V. RHYNCOLINI. 541

IV. PENTARTHRINUS Casey, 1892. (Gr., "five" + "joints.")

Body subcylindrical or feebly wedge-shaped, convex, glabrous;
beak short, thick, parallel, separated from the head by a broad
shallow transverse impression ; eyes convex, distant from the
thorax, finely granulated; antenna? inserted at basal third, their
grooves dee]), wide, horizontal almost to eye, then dilated and
bent downwards; funicle 5-jointed, basal joint large, the others
obconical, subeqnal, wider than long; scutellum distinct; ninth
and tenth elytral stride united behind the humeri ; front coxa? very
narrowly separated ; legs short, tarsi slender. This genus is said
in Biologia to be doubtfully distinct from the preceding, but
Casey states that Pseudopentarthrum differs in its relatively
larger thorax, greater distance between the antennal grooves and
eyes, more compact and compressed antenna?, less abrupt club
and stouter legs. All the known species occur in our territory.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PENTARTHRINUS.

a. Front coxae almost contiguous but not in actual contact; beak not

impressed in basal half.

ft. Thorax rather coarsely, deeply and conspicuously punctate, the in-
terspaces between the punctures highly polished.
c. Elytral intervals twice as wide as striae, flat, each with an ir-
regular row of very sparse, minute punctures. 848. NITENS.
cc. Elytral intervals narrow, not wider than striae, each with a sin-
gle row of fine but distinct punctures, more or less confused
on the siitural interval. 849. PAKVICOLTJS.

~bb. Thorax finely alutaceous, sparsely, less deeply and much more
finely punctate; elytral intervals very narrow, polished, strongly
convex, the punctures of the single row remote, very minute.

850. PICEUS.
oa. Front coxa? narrowly though quite evidently separated.

(1. Beak narrowly impressed along the median line in basal half or

more: elytral striae feebly impressed, their intervals flat, as wide

as striae. 851. ATROLUCENS.

eld. Beak not impressed; striae deep, their intervals very narrow, convex.

852. ANONUS.

848 (9040). PENTARTHRINUS NITENS Horn, 1873, 434.

Black, shining. Beak half as long as thorax, finely punctured, its
basal impression with a rather deep fovea. Thorax as wide as long, oval,
base slightly wider than apex, sides broadly curved from near the base;
disc moderately convex, coarsely, evenly, not densely punctured. Scutellum
small, smooth. Elytra oblong, one-fourth wider than thorax, sides feebly
curved; disc slightly broader behind the middle, constricted near apex;
striae feebly impressed, rather coarsely and closely punctured; intervals as
in key. Body beneath shining, coarsely and sparsely punctured, abdomen
more finely punctured. Length 2.5 — 3.3 mm.

542 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN^E.

Occurs abundantly on dead twigs in Florida; also in the Dis-
trict of Columbia in dead branches of grape vine. (Ulke.) Re-
corded also, perhaps erroneously, from Ohio. Readily distin-
guishable from the other species by the much broader elytral in-
tervals and the well marked frontal fovea. (Casey.) Placed in
Aunntrorliinus by Horn, erroneously according to Casey.

849 (11,229). PENTARTHRINUS PARVICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 699.

Rather short and robust, feebly wedge-shaped, convex. Black or pic-
eous, polished, legs and antenna? reddish-brown. Beak very short, one-
third as long as thorax, rather coarsely, deeply and closely punctate.
Thorax small, oval, strongly convex, as long as wide, sides evenly and strong-
ly curved, disc punctate as in key, more closely and coarsely than in nit ens.
Elytra two-thirds wider than thorax, slightly wider behind the middle than
at base; stria? feebly impressed, very coarsely and closely punctate; inter-
vals as in key. Length 2.1 — 2.5 mm.

Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, in dead wood of various
trees. (Cliittcndcn.) Reared from apple wood, May 2 — 29, at
Flatbush, N. Y. (Zabriskic.) Easily distinguished by its rather
shorter, broader elytra, small oval thorax and very coarse punc-
tuation.

850 (11,230). PENTARTI-IRINUS PICEUS Casey, 1892, 700.

Cylindro-cuneate, strongly convex. Piceous, the elytra polished. Beak
nearly half as long as thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, its transverse
impression with a small, feebly impressed frontal fovea. Thorax as wide
as long, sides broadly curved, converging and feebly sinuate toward apex,
punctate as in key. Elytra distinctly wider than thorax; stria? deeply im-
pressed, rather coarsely not closely punctate. Length 2.6 mm.

Marion Co., Ind., rare; Nov. 28. Recorded from Ohio. De-
scribed from Florida. ''This species may be known by its fine
punctuation and piceous-brown color.'' (Casey.}

851 (11,231). PENTARTHRINUS ATROLUCENS Casey, 1892, 700.

Narrow, feebly wedge-shaped, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown to
black, shining, and glabrous throughout, antenna? and legs paler. Head and
basal half of beak finely and very sparsely punctate; beak two-fifths as long
as thorax, its apical half more closely punctate. Thorax as long as wide,
sides broadly rounded from base to apical third, then converging and con-
stricted to apex; disc convex, coarsely, deeply, not densely punctate, the
apical margin smooth, rufescent. Elytra nearly one-third wider than
thorax; stria? coarse, feebly impressed, their punctures coarse, round, not
very close-set; intervals nearly flat, slightly wider than strial punctures,
very finely punctate. Length 2.3 — 2.6 mm.

TRIBE V. RHYNCOLINI. 543

Enterprise and Biscayne Bay, Fla., June 28 — Oct. 11. Differs
from nitens by its smaller size, narrower form, coarser stride,
larger punctures and sculpture of beak. (Gascif.)

852 (— — ). PENTARTHRINUS A:STONUS sp. nov.

Elongate, subcylinclrical, feebly depressed. Black or piceous, shining,
antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak slightly longer than head, dis-
tinctly wider at tip than base, both it and head finely and closely re-
ticulate-punctate. Thorax narrow, subcylindrical, slightly longer than wide,
sides broadly rounded from base to apical constriction; disc coarsely, shal-
lowly and very densely punctate, except on apical fifth, which is rufescent
and almost smooth. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax; sides
parallel for two-thirds their length: stria? deep and with rows of coarse,
close-set serrate punctures; intervals as in key, each with a row of minute
punctures. Under surface coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.
(W. 8. B.)

Lake Okeechobee, Fla.; March 1 — 8. Beaten from dead limbs
of custard apple, Anonci glabra Dunal. The slender body, deep,
coarsely punctured stria?, peculiar sculpture of thorax and wider
tip of beak distinguish this from all the others.

V. HEXARTIIRUM Woll., I860. (Gr., "six11 -f "joint")

Beak slightly longer and narrower than head, somewhat tri-
angular; antenna? very short and thick, scape short, strongly
clavate, first joint of funicle stout, its apex truncate, 2 — 6 longer,
subequal, closely united ; club nearly solid, oval or rounded, ob-
tuse at tip ; tarsi short, the third joint scarcely dilated.

853 (9041). HEXARTIIRUM ULKEI Horn, 1873, 446.

Subcylindrical. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, moderately shining.
Beak densely and finely striato-punctate; eyes small, flat. Thorax as wide
as long, slightly narrower in front, sides feebly curved, base slightly
narrower and subtruncate; disc coarsely and rather densely punctured.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, cylindrical, surface feebly striate,
stria? with coarse punctures, closely placed but serrate; intervals flat,
each with a single row of fine punctures. Body beneath coarsely and
sparsely punctured. Front coxae almost contiguous. Length 2.5 — 3.2 mm.

New York City in December, from spruce lath (Joutel) ; from
white pine (Zabriskie). Newark, N. J. "Found in houses in New
York and Washington, D. C., and introduced." (LeConte.)

VI. RI-IYNCOLUS Germar, 1824. (Gr., "beak" -f "maimed.")

Moderately elongate, subcyliudrical species having the beak
as long or slightly longer than head, robust, not or very feebly
curved; antennae robust, scape short, not passing middle of eye,.

544 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONIN.E.

joints of funicle transverse, closely united, club gradually
formed ; seventh and eighth elytral stria? united behind the
humerus. Van Dyke (1915) has pointed out that in many cases
they accompany species of Cossonus. R. orcc/oncnsis living more
or less in company with C. crenatns, though generally preferring
the dryer parts of the tree; R. pollens with C. lupina, and R.
bmnnwis with C. piniplrilits. LeConte (1870, 340) has noted the
resemblance these species bear to certain Scolytida? (Hi/lastes),
and the strong actual approximation, as indicated by the short-
ened beak, number of funicular joints, etc.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF RIIYNCOLUS.

a. Funicle of antennae very stout, second joint apparently very short,
enclosed in apical cavity of first; joints 2 — 7 strongly transverse;
elytral stria? deep, their punctures coarse and serrate.

854. OREGONENSIS.

aa. Funicle moderately stout, second joint at least as long as third, joints

2 — 7 moderately transverse; elytra feebly striate.

6. Beak with median groove; elytral intervals feebly convex, not cari-
nate; first ventral segment coarsely and densely punctate.

855. BRUNNEUS.

66. Beak not grooved; intervals finely and sharply carinate; first ven-
tral finely and sparsely punctate. 85G. CARINATUS.

854 (9043). RHYNCOLUS OREGONENSIS Horn, 1873, 445.

Subcylindrical. Black, shining; legs and antenna? dark reddish-brown,
dub paler. Beak not longer than head, as wide as long, densely punctured
and usually with a small median smooth space. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, feebly but distinctly constricted near apex; sides vsry slightly
curved, more strongly near base which is slightly narrower than apex;
disc rather coarsely, evenly and confluently punctate. Elytra scarcely
wider than thorax, sides parallel, the apex obtusely rounded; striae as in
key; intervals narrow, convex or subcarinate, each with a row of minute,
very remote punctures. Under surface rather coarsely, deeply and densely
punctate. Length 2.8 — 3.5 mm.

Marion County, Ind., rare; Nov. IT. Anglesea, N. J. Sanford
and Dunedin, Florida; Jan. 1 — April 11, beneath bark of dying-
pine and by beating in wet hammock. Ranges from New Jersey
to Michigan, Oregon and California, south to Florida. The
Florida specimens are somewhat shorter and more slender than
those from Indiana, and two of the four have a narrow smooth
space at middle of thorax, but other appreciable differences are
absent. They probably represent what Casey (1892, 707) has de-
scribed as fliscors, as the characters shown in his description
differ very slightly if at all from those of orecjonensis as described
bv Horn.

TRIBE V. RHYNCOLINI. 545

855 (9044). RHYNCOLUS BRUNNEUS Mann., 1843, 295.

Subcylindrical. Dark reddish-brown or piceous, feebly shining. Beak
slightly narrower and scarcely longer than head, rather densely punctured.
Thorax longer than wide, sides broadly rounded, feebly constricted near
apex; disc convex, rather coarsely, deeply, not densely punctured. Elytra
convex, slightly wider than thorax, sides parallel to apical fifth, then nar-
rowed to apex; lateral striae more feeble than those near suture, all rather
coarsely and closely punctured; intervals each with a row of minute
punctures, finely transversely wrinkled. Beneath coarsely punctured,
first ventral at middle very densely so. Length 3 — 3.5 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., April 15. Tyngsboro, Mass., April 21 — July 2.
New Jersey, under bark of wild cherry, Pnmus serotina Ehrh. A
species of northern range occurring from New England and Can-
ada to Wisconsin, Vancouver, California and New Mexico.

856 (— — ). RHYNCOLUS CARINATUS sp. nov.

Subcylindrical. Uniform dark chestnut brown, club and tarsi paler.
Beak as long as head, slightly narrowed toward tip, both it and head finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax convex, as long as wide, sides feebly cur-
ved, disc finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider at base
than thorax, sides straight and parallel to apical fourth, then broadly
rounded to tips; striae with rows of small, close-set punctures; intervals
raised along the outer side of these punctures into a very narrow ridge or
carina; a row of minute punctures on the innner side between each row of
strial punctures and the next inner carina. Under surface finely and
sparsely punctate. Third joint of tarsi not dilated. Length 2.3 — 2.5 mm.
(W. S. B.)

Kosciusko County, Ind., June 20 — 22; sifted from sphagnum
moss in a tamarack marsh. Very distinct by the peculiar sculp-
ture of elytra. The narrow tarsi indicate a distinct genus, but
aside from these its characters agree with those of Rliyncolus.

VII. STENOSCELIS Woll., 1861. (Gr., "narrow" -f "tibiae.")

Subcylindrical robust species having the beak very short, half
the length of and somewhat narrower than head ; antennal grooves
limited to a short broad cavity just in front of eyes; scape short,
slender, feebly clavate, scarcely half the length of funicle; club
rounded, slightly flattened, obscurely annulated.

857 (9048). STENOSCELIS BREVIS Boh., Schon., 1845, 282.

Robust, Subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; elytra and legs brown-
ish or piceous, antennae and tarsi paler. Beak and head rather coarsely
and very densely punctured. Thorax short, nearly one-half wider than
long, broadly constricted in front, sides feebly curved, base slightly narrow-
er, the hind angles rounded; disc convex, coarsely and densely punctured.
Elytra cylindrical, finely granulate at base over a short, broad area each

546 SUBFAMILY XII. COSSONINJE.

side of scutellum; sides parallel, obtusely rounded at apex; striae broad,
coarsely and serrately puncturad; intervals narrower, feebly convex, their
summits uneven, each with a row of fine, remote punctures. Under sur-
face coarsely and sparsely punctured. Length 2.8 — 3.2 mm.

Frequent throughout ludiana; June 15 — July 30; taken be-
neath bark and by sifting rotten wood. Flatbush, X. Y. Hudson
and Ocean counties, Ft. Lee and Newark, N. J. ; Mar. Ranges
from New England and Canada to Michigan and Kansas, south
to Florida. Reared from apple wood by Zabriskie in May and
June. Found in the dead wood of most deciduous forest trees.

VIII. LIOLEPTA gen. uov. (Gr., "smooth" -|- "slender.")

Very slender glabrous species having the beak less than one-
third the length of head, not constricted at base, its autennal
grooves strongly descending; scape stout, clavate, reaching hind
border of eye ; first joint of funicle stout, obconical, twice as long
as second, 2 — 7 subequal in length, gradually slightly wider; club
abrupt, oval, robust, its basal joint almost glabrous, comprising
two-thirds or more its bulk; eyes small, convex, coarsely granu-
lated; front coxae separated by only about one-fourth their own
width; tarsi short, feebly dilated, third joint slightly bilobed;
abdomen apparently with but four ventral segments, the suture
between first and second visible only under a strong lens. (W.
8. B.)

858 (— — ). LIOLEPTA STENOSOMA sp. nov.

Slender, subcylindrical, feebly depressed. Reddish-brown, shining, min-
utely alutaceous, antennas and tarsi paler. Beak and head very finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, one-fourth longer than wide, hind
angles rounded, sides straight and very slightly converging from base to
apex; disc minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider and
more than twice as long as thorax, sides parallel from base to apical
fourth, then broadly rounded to apex; disc with only a shallow sutural
stria evident, the others represented by unimpressed rows of very small
punctures, separated by their own diameters. Under surface almost im-
punctate. Length 1.8—2 mm. (W. S. B.)

Lake Okeechobee Fla., March 8; two specimens beaten from
bunches of Spanish moss. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 24, one from be-
neath log on beach of bay. The slender form, extremely short
beak and feeble sculpture distinguish this from all others before
described. Resembles somewhat Stenoiniitnis pallidus. but beak
only one-fourth as long and front coxa? almost contiguous.

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRINJE. 547

Subfamily XTII. CALANDRIN/E.
THE BILL-BUGS AND GRAIN WEEVILS.

A rather small group of usually large robust species, having
the antennae elbowed, inserted near the base of beak, their grooves
very short, not receiving the scape; funicle 6-jointed, club not
annulated, shining (Fig. 16) ; labrum wanting; mouth cavity
elongate, peduncle of men turn narrow, elongate, concealing the
oral organs ; mandibles compressed, with three apical teeth ; beak
variable in length and sculpture; thorax truncate in front and
beneath, without ocular lobes; elytra without epipleurae and with
a strong fold on inner face ; abdomen with five ventral segments,
the first and second longer, third and fourth short, their sutures
straight and deeply impressed, fifth equal to third and fourth
united, rounded behind, lateral edges of all the segments sharp,
fitting into the groove of the under side of elytra; last spiracle
covered by the ventral segments; pygidium large, nearly perpen-
dicular, exposed in both sexes; last dorsal of male quadrate and
more or less retracted or concealed; coxae all more or less sepa-
rated, the hind ones transverse, oval; femora usually strongly
clavate, not toothed ; tibiae short, not serrate, clawed at the outer
angle; tarsi rarely brush-like beneath, third joint rarely bilobed;
claws divergent, simple.

The larvae of the larger species bore into the stems of plants,
especially grass and corn, while those of the smaller ones infest
seeds and grain.

The subfamilies Calandrinas and Cossoninae were combined
and treated as one family, Calandridae, by LeConte & Horn. By
more recent European writers they have been separated and
placed as subfamilies of Curculionidae, which course we here
follow. The principal literature treating of the North American
species is as follows:

Horn, Geo. H. — "Contributions to a Knowledge of the Cur-
culionidte of the U. S.," in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, 1873,
407—447.

LeConte, J. L. — "The Ehynchophora of North America — Cal-
andridae," in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, 1876, 328—341.

Forbes,, S. A. — "The Corn Bill Bugs," in Reps, on Nox, &
Benif. Ins., 111., XVI, 1890, 58—74, Pis. I— III; XXII,
1903, 1—26; XXIII, 1905, 52—57, PL IT, figs. 27—34.

548

FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

Chittcnden, F. H. — "New Species of Spbenophorus," etc.. three
papers, in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 1904, 127—137 ; VII,
1905, 50—64; 166—182.

Many other articles treating of the economic phases of the
beetles have appeared, a list of those up to 1900 being given by
Forbes. (1890 and 1903.) Four of the eight genera of the sub-
family are represented with us.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF SUBFAMILY CALANDRINvE.

a. Side pieces of metathorax very wide; epimera large; size very large,

20 or more mm. I. RHYNCHOPHORUS.

aa. Side pieces of inetathorax moderate or narrowed; smaller, not over

17 mm. in length.
6. Club of antennae wedge-shaped; epimera of mesothorax broadly

truncate on the outer side; length 5 mm. or more.
c. Third joint of tarsi broad, spongy beneath, the brush narrowly di-
vided. II. RHODOB^ENUS.
cc. Third joint of tarsi glabrous at middle, spongy or pilose at the
sides or wholly glabrous. III. SPHENOPHORUS.
&b. Club of antennas oval; epimera of mesothorax acute on outer side;
length less than 4.2 mm. IV. CALANDRA.

I. KHYNCHOPHORUS Herbst, 1795. (Gr., "snout"-[- "to bear.")

The typical genus of and giving name to the suborder, RJiyn-
chophora, comprising very large species, mostly tropical in dis-
tribution, having the mandibles of the usual pincer-form with

/

Fig. 1 1 8. Palmetto weevil, a, Male X ll/z> b, head, beak and antenna of fe-
male from side; c, larva; d, head of same; c, last ventral segment of larva seen
from above; /, pupa. (After Chittenden.)

three small apical teeth ; funicle of antennae consisting of six
perfoliate joints, each strongly constricted at the outer end, club

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^3. 549

or terminal joint much longer, transverse, corneous, its front face
flat, spongy and sensitive; front coxre narrowly separated.

859 (8971). RIIYNCIIOPHOBUS CRUENTATUS Fab., 1775, 128.

Elongate-oval, robust, depressed above. Black, shining. Thorax us-
ually red, the sides broadly margined with black and disc with a median
black stripe; elytra black with red spots; body beneath piceous, antennae,
legs and abdomen paler. Beak shorter than thorax, slender, cylindrical,
granulated above, male; somewhat longer, more slender and smooth, female.
Thorax oval, longer than wide, base obtusely rounded, sides feebly curved,
disc smooth, impunctate. Elytra one-fourth wider than thorax; striae deep,
not punctured; intervals feebly convex, smooth. Legs fringed within with
long yellowish hairs. Length 20 — 31 mm. (Fig. 118.)

Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 20 — June 4. Occurs from
South Carolina to Louisiana. Common in Florida where it lives
on the cabbage palmetto, Rnbal palmetto E. & S., and date palms,
breeding in the dying trunks. Before pupating the larva forms
an excavation in which it constructs a cocoon from an inch and
a half to two inches in length, composed of fibre cemented with
a glutinous secretion. (Hamilton.) Chittenden (1902-b, 25)
states that the adults are very fond of the terminal bud after it
is bruised, when it gives off a vinous odor, and also of the sap
which exudes from recently felled or wounded trees. The larvae
bore in the soft, pulpy substance in the trunk and also in the
roots. They are quite active, capable of traveling some little dis-
tance, and are noisy when at work, "making a sound like the
escape of water with an occasional screech like a choked hen."
Many specimens are wholly black, var. zimmermanni Fahr., but
they do not differ structurally and are only a color variety.

Dr. R. E. Kunze (Ent. Materia Medica, p. 7) states that the
larva of this species is called "grougrou" in the West Indies,
where it furnishes an epicurean morsel when roasted and fried
and has moreover the singular property of producing milk in
women. A similar species is used by Tuscan peasants as a charm
for toothache, by the simple process of crushing the larvae be-
tween the fingers until the latter have absorbed sufficient oil
with which to anoint the tooth.

Rhynchopliorus palmarum Linn., a tropical American species, is list-
ed by Henshaw from the United States, but we are unable to find a record
of its occurrence.

II. RHODOB.ENUS Lee., 1876.

Species usually red with black spots, distinguished by charac-
ters given in key and by having the scape long, reaching nearly to

550 FAMILY III. - CURCULIONIDJE.

middle of thorax; beak strongly swollen above the insertion of
antennae; thorax without raised spaces as in most Sphenophorus ;
mesostermmi narrower than in allied genera; second joint of
tarsi densely hairy beneath like the third. The two known species
occur with us.

860 (8978). RHODOB^XI'S TEEDECIMPUNCTATUS 111., Schneid. Mag., V, 1791,
613.

Elongate-oval. Body beneath black; above red with black spots, five on
thorax, the median one fusiform, and four on each
elytron; the elytral spots often more or less con-
fluent, specimens sometimes occurring with the
entire surface black, margined at sides with red.
Beak black, two-thirds as long as thorax, sparsely
and finely punctate, coarsely so behind the antennae.
Club oval, its apical half convex, hairy and sensi-
tive. Thorax longer than wide, feebly constricted
near apex; sides in front distinctly curved, behind
subparallel; disc finely and sparsely punctate. Ely-

Fig no a Beetle v *' tra* s*:r^8e fine> with small, remote punctures; in-
b, side view of same, tervals flat, smooth. Length 7 — 10 mm. (Fig.

(After LeBaron.) \

. )

Common throughout Indiana ; April 17 — Oct. 6 ; taken especi-
ally in the axils of the leaves of ironweed (Vernonia), in the
stems of which it is said to breed. Throughout New Jersey in July.
Occurs over the entire United States. Known as the "cockle-bur
bill-bug," as it often breeds in the stems not only of that vile weed,
Xantliium coin-mime Brit, and other species of Santhium, but
also in those of many other Composite, as joe-pye weed, leaf-cup,
sunflower, thistle, greater ragweed and rosin-weed. Hibernates
in the adult stage, the newly bred imagoes appearing in August
and September.

Several varieties based on color alone have been described.
The two best known are :

R. pulchellus Schon., in which the spots at the end of each elytron
are enlarged and coalesce so as to cover the whole tip. (Fig. 119.) Com-
mon everywhere with the typical form and scarcely deserving a varietal
name.

R. quinquepunctatus Say, elytra wholly black except a narrow reddish
stripe along each side; central spot of thorax often united behind with the
two basal lateral ones which are obliquely merged. This is a common form
in the Southern States. Sanford and Titusville, Fla., April; not rare
on a species of thistle.

861 (8979). RIIODOB.ENUS PUSTULOSUS Gyll., Schon., 1837, 923.

Oblong-elliptical. Above brownish-red or piceous, thickly mottled
with small round, grayish-white spots; beneath black with a dense yellow-

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN.E. 551

ish coating, thorax with three black stripes. Beak three-fourths the length
of thorax, sparsely and finely punctate and grooved at base above. Thorax
longer than wide, sides feebly curved, slightly constricted near apex;
disc very sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra slightly narrowed toward
apex, striae very fine, remotely punctured; intervals flat, each with a single
row of distant punctures. Body beneath sparsely punctate. Length 10 — 11
mm.

Recorded from St. Augustine, Fla. Schwarz (1889, 2) says
that "the occurrence of this species at St. Augustine is of great
interest, since it was previously known only from southern Ari-
zona and New Mexico. It adds another instance of a curious
geographical distribution, viz., the simultaneous occurrence of
certain species in the extreme southwestern and southeastern
parts of North America."

III. SPHENOPHORUS Schon., 1838. (Gr., "wedge" + "to bear.")
Bather large, robust, usually elliptic-ovate species having the
body glabrous, often covered with a clayey artificial coat so as to
hide the sculpture, more rarely with a dense natural glabrous
coating ; antenna? inserted near base of beak, scape long, slender,
f unicle six-jointed ; club wedge-shaped, convex in front, the outer
third or more sensitive (Fig. 10) ; beak shorter than thorax, rather
slender, feebly curved, swollen at base; antennal grooves very
short, fovea-like, located close to eyes; thorax longer than wide,
its disc usually with elevated smooth lines or spaces; elytra
usually wider than thorax, their tips separately broadly rounded,
thus widely exposing the pygidium.

The corn bill-bugs (or "elephant bugs"), as the species of
SpJienophorus are commonly called, pass the winter in the imago
stage among dead leaves and rubbish, and lay eggs early in the
following summer, beginning probably in May. The larvae hatch
in June, feed on the bulbous roots of grasses and grass-like plants,
including corn, pass into the pupal stage in July, and begin
to emerge as imagoes late in July, continuing into August and
possibly for some time thereafter. The normal food plants are
wild grasses, especially those with bulbous roots, and injury to
crops of timothy and corn occurs mainly where swamp lands are
broken up in spring and planted to corn the same year, or where
from poor cultivation the bulb-root grasses are allowed to grow
up again, or old timothy sod is plowed in spring and planted im-
mediately to corn. The best remedy is plowing in fall before the
time for insect hibernation to begin.*

*For literature pertaining to their economic phases see the papers by Forbes, loc.
cit. ; also Bulls. 79 and 95, 111. Agr. Exp. Sta. and Bull. 95, Pts. II and IV, U. S. Bur.
Entoiu.

552 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIMB.

About 65 forms of Sphenophorus have been described from the
United States. Some of these are synonyms while others are to
be regarded as varieties of the better known species. Those oc-
curring in the Eastern States, 35 in number, are for convenience
separated into four groups, these groups and the keys which fol-
low being based mainly upon those of Horn and Chittenden in
the papers cited.

KEY TO GROUPS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF SPHENOPHORUS.

a. Front tibae with the outer apical angle prolonged, middle and hind
tibiae truncate; tarsi slender; length 6 mm. GROUP A, p. 552.

aa. Tibiae all broadly rounded at outer apical angle.

& Third joint of all the tarsi rather broadly dilated and glabrous at
middle. GROUP B, p. 552.

&&. Third joint of hind tarsi at most feebly dilated.

c. Third joint of front and middle tarsi feebly dilated and spongy-
pubescent at the sides. GROUP C, p. 555.
cc. Third joint of front and middle tarsi not dilated, entirely glabrous
beneath or simply pilose at the sides. GROUP D, p. 561.

GROUP A.

This group is represented in the Eastern United States by the
single species:

862 (8983). SPHENOPHORUS IN^QUALIS Say, 1831, 23; ibid, I, 291.

Oval, robust. Black, upper surface usually with a dirty brownish
artificial coating. Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, feebly compressed,
finely and rather sparsely punctate, base feebly swollen, foveate and finely
grooved above. Thorax large, oval, as long as wide, disc very coarsely
punctate, usually with three to five elevated smooth spaces, the median
one larger, rhomboidal, narrowed at each end into a line. Elytra at humeri
as wide as thorax, then strongly narrowed to apex; strias with very coarse,
distant punctures; intervals flat, their sides undulating, closely and coarsely
punctate. Length 5.8 — 6.2 mm.

Posey County, Ind., scarce; April 23 — May 7. Van Cortland
Park, Staten Island and other localities near New York City;
October. Hopatcong and Shark River, N. J., May — August.
Eustis, Dunedin and St. Petersburg, Fla., scarce; Jan. 20 — Apr.
7. Ranges from New York to Florida and Texas, mostly in the
coastwise states. Easily recognized by the short, wedge-shaped
form, prolongation of the front tibiae and coarse sculpture.

GROUP B.

This group is represented in the Eastern States by three
species :

SUBFAMILY XIII.- — CALANDRIN^E.

553

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Body densely clothed with a natural glabrous coating; lateral raised

vittse of thorax without a branch near base. 863. ^QUALIS.

ao. Body without natural coating except on alternate intervals of elytra;

lateral vittse with a branch extending toward base.
b. Third elytral interval only strongly elevated on basal half; color
black; beak suddenly dilated and obliquely truncate at tip.

8G4. LATINASUS.

bb. Elytral intervals 1, 3, 5 and 7 elevated throughout their length;
upper surface red and gray, the median vitta of thorax and su-
tural vitta of elytra only black; beak not as above.

865. STRIATIPENNIS.

863 ( ). SPHENOPHORUS ^EQUALIS Gyll., Schon., 1838, 941.

Elongate-oval, very robust.

Black, entirely covered with a natural
glabrous coating, which varies
in color from a pale clay-yellow
to reddish-brown and leaden
gray, the darker specimens al-
ways pale beneath. Beak three-
fourths as long as thorax, <rtrong-
ly compressed, broader at tip
and base, finely and sparsely
punctate. Thorax oval, longer
than wide.sides subparallel from
base to apical third, then round-
ed to the feebly constricted
apex; disc with three broad,
nearly entire, feebly elevated
vittse, these minutely and Very
sparsely punctate, their inter-
vals more coarsely and more
closely punctate. Elytra broad-
est slightly behind the base,
then gradually narrowed to
apex; striae fine, rather coarse-
ly not closely punctate; alter-
nate intervals wider, often
darker, with fine scattered
punctures; narrower intervals,
each with a single row of some-
what coarser punctures. Male with metasternum, first and second ventral
segments concave and villous at middle, and inner edge of femora and
tibiae strongly fimbriate with yellowish hairs. Length 11 — 17 mm. (Fig.
120.)

Occurs probably throughout Indiana, but taken only in Lake.
Porter, Marshall and Vigo counties; Feb. fi — July 28. Abundant
in the drift along the shore of Lake Michigan. Those taken in
winter were found in Vigo Co., near ponds, in little burrows in

Fig. 1 20. Beetle, dorsal and side views; larva
with injured corn plant. (After Forbes.)

554 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

the sand beneath logs and rubbish.* Staten Island, Rockaway
Beach and Long Island, N. Y. ; July. Various points in New
Jersey, June — July. Ranges from the Atlantic states to Michigan
and South Dakota. Abundant in the District of Columbia. Breeds'
in the bulbous roots of the dark green bulrush, Scirpits atromrens
Muhl. and the reed, Pliragmites pJiraginites L., the adults feeding
on the stems and buds and ovipositing in late June.** (Webster.)
The name oclireits Lee. applies only to western specimens, being
in part a synonym of (fqnalis. In Illinois, where it is known as
the "clay-colored bill-bug" and "elephant bug," it has proven very
injurious to lowland corn.

864 (8991). SPHENOPHORUS LATINASUS Horn, 1873, 421.

Moderately elongate. Black, shining. Beak three-fifths as long as
thorax, rather suddenly dilated and slightly obliquely truncate at tip,
thus showing at the end an oval space above the mandibles, causing the
mouth-parts to appear more inferior than usual. Thorax longer than wide,
median vitta entire, broadest at apex, not dilated, but slightly narrower
and elongate-fusiform to base. Elytra! sculpture much as in cariosus,
the punctures of the strise opposite, regularly placed. Length 10 mm.

Described from Georgia. Known only from the type. "The
third joint of the hind tarsi is fully as dilated as those of the
front and middle ones, and is also spongy-pubescent at the sides."
(Horn.)

865 (— — ). SPHENOPHORUS STRIATIPENNIS Chitt., 1906-a, 180.

• Elongate-oval, slender. Upper surface red, the head, beak, median
thoracic vitta and sutural intervals of elytra black; under surface red
varied with black; legs red, knees black; interspaces of thorax and flat
intervals of elytra with pale gray coating. Beak less curved than in costi-
pennis, not suddenly recurved and compressed in apical fourth as there;
its apex deeply concave in front. Thorax as in costipennis, the branch of
lateral vittae less distinct. Elytra! strise fine, their punctures closer
than in costipennis; intervals as in that species. Femora, and especially
the tibiae, more fimbriate than there. Third joint of hind tarsi as wide
as long, about twice as wide as first. Length 9.5 — 12.5 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties, Ind., along the shore of Lake Mich-
igan ; May G — Sept. 15. Ranges from Indiana and Michigan to
California; known also from Texas. Horn mentioned it without
name as a variety of costipennis. "Quite closely related to costi-
pennis but distinct by the more fimbriate tibiae, much wider third
joint of posterior tarsi and stronger punctuation of lower sur-
face." (Chittenden.) A very handsome and easily identified
species.

'See Psyche, VIII, 1896, 457- **Bull. 22, U. S. Bur. Entom. O. S., 52.

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^E. 555

GROUP C.

This group comprises 10 rather large eastern species, all agree-
ing in having the beak curved, three-fourths to the same length as
thorax, dilated and finely grooved at base; thorax usually with
three distinct raised vittse, the median one nearly entire, not
forked in front, the lateral ones with an outer branch extending
from near the middle nearly to the hind angles ; elytral intervals
usually unequal in width, varying in convexity; third joint of
front and middle tarsi more or less dilated and pubescent along
the sides.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Elytral intervals either flat or alternately elevated throughout their

entire length; strife rather finely punctured.
b. Thorax with three distinct raised vittae or smooth lines.
c. Beak subcylindrical, slightly narrowed at extreme base; alternate
elytral intervals elevated, convex, irregular and somewhat in-
terrupted; thoracic vittae unequal, the outer strongly sinuous;
length 11 — 15 mm. 866. PERTINAX.

cc. Beak more or less compressed.

d. Beak moderately subequally compressed, the hind angles of
its apex acute or subacute, scarcely produced; thoracic vittae
with curved or sinuous outline.

e. Odd elytral intervals convex, black and shining, the others
mostly opaque gray; second abdominal segment of male
with a short, transverse brush of brown setae; length 10—
12.5 mm. 867. SETIGER.

ee. All the elytral intervals flat or nearly evenly convex, uni-
form in color.

f. Elytra covered with natural, thick clay-yellow coating ex-
cept humeri and elevated basal portions of first and third
intervals; other intervals subequally and feebly convex;
length 14 mm. 868. PENINSTJLARIS.

ff. Elytra, with natural thin subsericeous gray coating; all the
intervals flat and of nearly equal width; length 11 — 14
mm. 869. ROBUSTUS.

dd. Beak strongly compressed at apical fourth and suddenly bent
backward, the front face of its apex flat or slightly concave,
the hind or lower angles obtuse; thoracic vittae subparallel.
g. Thoracic vittae strongly elevated, nearly straight; elytral in-
tervals 1, 3, 5 and 7 elevated and rather broad throughout
their length; first ventral of male not uniformly villous;
length 7 — 12.5 mm. 870. COSTIPENNIS.

gg. Thoracic vittae less elevated, sinuous; elytral intervals 1, 3,
5 and 7 with elevated portions narrower, that of 3 and 5
short and narrowed toward apex, of 7 still narrower, some-
times wanting; male with first and second ventrals uni-
formly sparsely villous, fifth with long hairs; length
10 — 12 mm. 871. VILLOSIVENTRIS.

556

FAMILY in. — CURCULIONID;E.

6&. Lateral vittase of thorax very indistinct or wholly wanting; median

one not entire.

h. Body elongate-oval; length 10 — 15 mm.

i. Elytral intervals 1, 3, 5 and 7 elevated, the even ones flat, usually

covered with a clayey coating; beak near apex broadly and

deeply concave; length 10 — 15 mm. 872. MAIDIS.

ii. All the intervals flat; surface entirely opaque and velvety in

lustre; length 11 mm. 873. VELUTINUS.

hh. Body fusiform; length 7.5 mm. 874. SOLTAUTI.

aa. Third elytral interval strongly elevated at basal half; striae coarsely

punctate; median thoracic smooth space dilated, rhomboidal at

middle; length 8 — 11 mm. 875 CABIOSUS.

866 (8987). SPHENOPHORUS PERTINAX Oliv., 1807, 83, 90.

Elongate-oval.

Black or reddish-black, shining, the interspaces of
thorax and flat alternate intervals of elytra
covered with a dirty white coating. Beak as in
key, three-fourths the length of thorax, fine-
ly and sparsely punctate, foveate and finely
grooved above at base. Thorax longer than
wide, the apex constricted; vittse entire, the
median one widest at middle, narrowed before
and behind; lateral ones with edges sinuous,
branched as described above; interspaces and
sides of disc coarsely punctate. Elytra broad-
est at humeri, sides feebly converging to apical
fourth, then more strongly to the rounded apex;
striae with rather coarse, regular punctures;
the broader and more convex intervals some-
what interrupted, minutely and sparsely punc-
tate. Length 11— 15 mm. (Fig. 121.)

Frequent throughout northern In-
diana, especially so in the counties bor-
dering on Lake Michigan and in sandy
areas about ponds and lakes, where it

occurs beneath drift and rubbish; Feb.

Fig. 121. Beetle, dorsal and 6 — Nov. 8. Many localities near New

side views. V 3- (After -ir , /-^c. -.*• « mi i x

Forbes.) York City; May — Aug. Throughout

New Jersey, May and June, in swampy meadows and marshes
along shore; breeding in roots of sweet flag or calamus, Acorus
calamus L. ; also in those of the cat-tail flag, Typlia latifolia L.
Ormond, Fla., on ocean beach, Apr. 6. Kanges from New Eng-
land and Canada to Michigan and Utah, south to Florida. "Com-
mon and occasionally injurious to corn in many places." (Chit-
tendcn.) Of the 40 or more specimens from Indiana, Illinois and
Florida at hand, most have the ground color more or less reddish
in hue, and in not one of the males do we find "the metasternum

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^E.

557

with tufts of long, sparse, fine hairs nearly covering each side of
posterior half," as described by Chitteuden, nor does Horn in his
(Synopsis mention this character.
867 (— — ). SPHENOPHORUS SETIGER Chitt., 1905-b, 55.

Similar to pertinax. Black with ash-gray or grayish-brown coating;
elytra nearly opaque gray. Beak as described in key, three-fourths to
four-fifths as long as thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Even elytral
intervals thickly coated, flat, except a narrow, more or less distinctly ele-
vated, smooth, black median line which is attenuate and abbreviated at
each end. Male with ventral concavity deep and broad; metasternum with
a row of short brown seta? just within the lateral margin, a few minute
setee each side of the first abdominal segment, second with a transverse
median brush of longer dark ochraceous hairs. Fcssa of last ventral
segment of variable depth, coarsely punctate. Length 10 — 12.5 mm.

Common on salt meadows near New York City. Ranges from
Vermont to Illinois and Dakota, south to Texas. Not recognized
among the Indiana material at hand.

( ). SPHENOPHORUS PENINSULARIS Chitt., 1905-b, 56.

Similar to setiger but more slender. Black, largely covered with a

clay-colored natural coating. Beak as in setiger,
five-sixths as long as thorax. Thoracic vittae
with curved or sinuous outlines, more widely
separated than in pertinax, the basal third of
the median one very narrow. Elytra coated as
described in key, their striae finely punctate.
Length 14 mm.

Jacksonville, Fla. Described from the
female.

869 (89S8). SPHENOPHORUS ROBUSTUS Horn,
1873, 419.

Similar to pertinax but more robust.
Beak more curved, subequally compressed.
Thorax as wide as long, the median vitta
feebly dilated at middle, its hind portion
usually broad, attaining the base; lateral vittae
much less sinuous on the inner side than in
pertinax, gradually wider from apex to base,
lateral branch feeble. Elytral striae fine, dis-
tinctly and rather distantly punctured, the inner
ones crenate on sides; intervals alternately with
one and two rows of very fine punctures. Male
ventral concavity feebly impressed, nearly as
coarsely punctate as at the sides. Length 11 — 14
mm. (Fig. 122.)

Fig. ,«. Beetle, dorsal and Lake aml ViS° Counties, Ind., Scarce J

S(AftVereVForb^s.)3' Feb- 6— July 28 ; hibernating with cequalis

558 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

on the former date. A species of northern range recorded from
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota to California. ''Occurs
with pertinax but less common." (Horn.} Easily known from
other members of this group by all the intervals of elytra being
flat and subequal in width.

870 (8989). SPHENOPHORUS COSTIPENKIS Horn, 1873, 420.

Form similar to pertinax but usually more slender. Color as there.
Beak compressed as mentioned in key, three-fourths as long as thorax
finely and sparsely punctate, deeply grooved above at base. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides parallel on basal two-thirds, then curved to the
strongly constricted apex; disc with intervals between vittse and sides
coarsely punctured. Elytral striae with coarse, rather distant punctures;
intervals as described in key, the broader elevated ones with two rows of
minute punctures, the narrow ones with a single row of coarse punctures.
First ventral of male with small dense tuft of brown setse each side, some-
times much abraded. Length 7 — 12.5 mm.

Lake, Porter, Steuben and Marshall counties, Ind. ; frequent
along the beach of Lake Michigan ; May 6 — Aug. 6. Brooklyn,
Rockaway, Flatbush and Staten Island, N. Y., March — June.
Many points in New Jersey, April — Sept. Common in Northern
States and Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific, ranging far-
ther north and northwest than any other species of the genus.

871 (— -). SPHENOPHOKUS VILLOSIVENTRIS Chitt., 1905-b, 58.

Form of costipennis. Black, the humeri, antennae, tarsi and some por-
tions of the under surface reddish-piceous. Male with all the ventral
segments more or less impressed, 1, 2 and 5 feebly concave. Otherwise
separated from costipennis by characters given in key. Length 10 — 12
mm.

Described from Buffalo, Ithaca and Long Island, N. Y. ; Mass-
achusetts, Maryland, District of Columbia and Ft. Monroe, Va.
Known also from numerous localities in New Jersey; April — •
May. "To outward appearance this is merely costipennis with
weakly elevated elytral intervals, but the hirsute abdomen of
male is very like that of the cequalls group." (Chittenden.)

872 (- -). SPHENOPHORUS MAIDIS Chitt., 1905-b, 59.

Oblong-oval, robust. Dark reddish or piceous-velvety, feebly shining;
the clayey deposit on flat surfaces inconspicuous. Beak three-fifths the
length of thorax, minutely punctate, strongly subequally compressed
throughout, the front face of its apex deeply concave, hind or lower angles
acutely produced. Thorax longer than wide, three-fourths as long as
elytra, sides subparallel from base nearly to apical fourth, then strongly and
suddenly curved and constricted at apex; vittte feebly elevated, subobsolete,
the outer ones frequently united with the middle one in its apical half,

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRINJE. 559

the latter broadly dilated at middle, narrowing to a line at each end;
interspaces and surface at sides coarsely punctured. Elytra slightly wider
than thorax; striae deep, well defined, distinctly and closely punctate;
third interval widest and most elevated with four or five rows of fine
punctures. Male with first abdominal segment very feebly concave,
pygidium truncate at apex. Length 10 — 15 mm.

Described from Alabama, South Carolina, Kansas and Texas;
reported also from Michigan by Knaus. Known as the "maize
bill-bug," being in places very destructive to corn, in the base of
the stalk of which the larvse breed. The adults begin to mature
in August and most of them hibernate in the pupal cell in the
base of the corn stalk, issuing therefrom in late spring and at-
tacking the young corn plants as soon as they reach the surface.
Eggs are deposited in the base of the stalk, hatching in early
June, the larva boring and eating its way until ready to pupate.
The species breeds also in the root-stalks of the swamp or gaina
grass, Tripsacuin dactyloides L., which was probably its original
host plant.* Prior to the description by Chittenden, most of the
damage done by this species was attributed to 8. robustus or 8.
pertlnax.

873 (8992). SPHENOPHORUS VELUTINUS Lee., 1876, 424.

"Elongate. Brownish-black, entirely opaque and velvety in lustre.
Beak shorter than thorax, curved, somewhat compressed, smooth. Thorax
more than one-half longer than wide, oval, strongly tubulate in front, its
elevations very vague and ill defined, the impressions marked with shallow
punctures; sides more densely and deeply punctured; dorsal median line
narrow, slightly elevated, extending nearly to the base and apical constric-
tion. Elytra not longer than thorax, narrowed behind from near the base;
striae very fine, marked with a few distant small punctures, the two
outer ones with more numerous larger punctures; intervals flat,
obsoletely punctulate; pygidium with a few large, deep punctures; under
surface sparsely punctured; front and middle tars.i with the third joint
broadly dilated, spongy each side beneath; third joint of hind tarsi
slightly dilated, not wider than long. Length 11 mm." (LeConte.)

Described from one specimen from Florida; another in the
Horn collection from Louisiana. A distinct and unique species,
easily known by its velvet-like coat.

874 (- -). SPHENOPHORUS SOLTAUII Chitt, 1906-a, 178.

Body subfusiform, half as wide as long. Black, subopaque, the elevated
parts feebly shining, without trace of alutaceous coating. Beak three-fifths
as long as thorax, feebly curved, distinctly compressed. Thorax longer than
wide, disc coarsely, densely, unevenly punctured, with only the median vitta
present, in the form of a narrow, smooth unelevated space. Elytral

* Kelly. "The Maize Bill-bug," Bull. 95, Pt. II, U. S. Bur. Ent.

500 FAMILY III. CURCULIONID.E.

stria? on basal half very deeply, coarsely and confluently punctate, becom-
ing narrow toward apex; intervals irregularly alternate in width and con-
vexity. Front and middle tibiae with the outer angle feebly prolonged.
Third joint of front and middle tarsi strongly dilated; of the posterior
tarsi, feebly so. Length 7.5 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa, Colorado and
Texas. "In the sand hills of Reno County, Kansas, which in dry
seasons become intensely hot to the destruction of insect life,
many dead specimens were found May 1, having apparently lit in
swarms on the sand and been overcome by the heat before they
could rise in flight, as many of them had their wings still pro-
truded." (Knaus.) Resembles zcw in form and general appear-
ance.

875 (8990). SPHENOPHOKUS CARIOSUS Oliv., 1807, 91.

Elongate-oval. Black, the elevated portions above and under surface
shining. Beak three-fourths as long as thorax, strongly compressed along
median portion, sparsely and finely punctate, more coarsely at base. Thorax
about as broad as long, sides subparallel, male, feebly converging, female,
from base to near the distinctly constricted apex; disc with three vittse,
the median beginning at apical constriction, dilated to a rhomboid near
middle, then either ending abruptly or prolonged in a fine line toward
base; outer ones broad, sinuous, entire, the lateral branch short, broad;
vittaa minutely and sparsely punctate; their intervals and sides of disc
coarsely punctate, covered with a thin dark gray coating, the sides with
a small, smooth, coarsely punctate area behind the apical angle. Elytra
at humeri slightly wider than thorax, then feebly curved and converging
to apex; striae fine, their punctures coarse, deep, distant; intervals flat,
each with a single row of minute punctures; third strongly elevated on
basal half, its elevated portion, the humeral callus and a small one near
declivity, smooth, shining. Length 8 — 11 mm.

Fire Island, Jamaica and Long Island, N. Y. ; May — July.
Throughout New Jersey; May — September. Ormond, Fla., April
6. Recorded from New England and Canada to Illinois, south to
Florida, but many of the records are based on wrong determina-
tions and refer to collosus Oliv., which LeConte and Horn erro-
neously united with cariosus. The latter species occurs very
rarely in the Northern States, and Horn was probably about cor-
rect when he gave its distribution as ''Middle States, rarely;
Gulf States, abundantly." Chittenden, who showed that callosns
and cariosus were distinct, concluded that Uhler's sculpt His is a
synonym of cariosus, and that the species usually known and
figured as sculptilis is in reality sew Walsh. The above descrip-
tion of cariosus is from Florida specimens. As Horn well said
before callosns was united with it, "it is one of the most easily

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^E. 561

recognized species in our fauna." On account of the great con-
fusion of names, it is impossible to decide from the records what
the food plants of the species really are.

GROUP D.

This group comprises the eastern species having the third
joint of all the tarsi slender, scarcely wider than first or second
and either wholly glabrous or pilose along the edges beneath.
The species are in many instances not closely related and in a
natural classification several distinct groups are indicated, but
in the present confused state of the nomenclature, they are placed
in one key as follows:

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF GROUP D.

a. Elytral intervals all flat, (rarely, scoparius, subequally feebly alter-
nating,) no single one of them in part or wholly distinctly elevated
above the others.
&. Beak curved, usually slender; front tibiae straight.

c. Thorax punctured nearly equally over the entire surface, some-
times with a smooth median, not elevated line or space, but
never with trace of lateral vittse.

d. Femora coarsely foveate-punctate; surface with dense gray or
velvety coating; thorax and elytra nearly equal in width.

e. Thorax broadest behind the middle, densely, regularly and

rather finely punctate, median line absent or very narrow;

length 5—6.5 mm. 87C. PARVULUS.

ee. Thorax broadest in front of middle, sparsely, irregularly and

very coarsely punctate, median line absent or short; length

5 — c mm. 877. MINIMUS.

dd. Femora sparsely and finely punctate; surface black without

coating above.

f. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra, densely, confluently,

very irregularly and deeply punctate, median line narrow,
irregular, often interrupted; length 4.8 — 6 mm.

878. MARINUS.

ff. Thorax large, not distinctly narrower than elytra.

p. Beak with an oval fovea on side in front of eye; thorax
very coarsely and unevenly punctate and with large ir-
regular median smooth space. 879. CHITTENDENI.
gg. Beak without fovea on side of base; thorax not exceedingly

coarsely punctured.

)i. Thorax with a median fusiform smooth space; length

8_10 mm. 880. RETUSUS.

hh. Thorax shining, unevenly, not coarsely punctate, and

without median smooth space; elytra strongly narrowed

at tip; length 7.5 mm. 881. GAGATINUS.

cc. Thorax with more or less distinct raised vittae or smooth spaces.

i. Median thoracic vitta, when present, not forked in front.

502 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

;'. Median vitta more or less dilated at middle.

7v. Thoracic vittse coarsely punctate; base of thorax strongly

Insinuate; dilation near base of beak wide with sides

subangulate, above deeply and broadly grooved and very

coarsely punctate. 882. DESTRUCTOR.

kk. Thoracic vitta? finely or not at all punctate (except in var.

sublcrvis of callosus) .

I. Median vitta broadly dilated at middle; lateral vittse
often more or less interrupted or obscure in front of
origin of branch.
m. Surface without artificial coating.

n. Hind tibiag of male simple; elytral intervals flat, sub-
equal; stria? with very coarse fovese; dilation near
base of beak subglabrous, not grooved and finely
punctured above; length 7.5 — 9 mm. 883. ZEIE.
nn. Hind tibiae of male subangulate at middle, the angle
with a dense brush of long hair; elytral intervals
feebly alternating in width, the wider with two or
three rov\rs of punctures; stria? with coarse punc-
tures; length 8 — 10.5 mm. 884. SCOPARIUS.
mm. Surface densely coated; lateral vitta? indistinctly lim-
ited, the' median not extending behind the middle, the
basal interspace of thorax with very coarse punctures;
length 8.5—13 mm. 885. CALLOSUS.
II. Median vitta reduced to a slender apical carina, slightly
dilated at middle of thorax; lateral vitta? without
outer branch; surface with clayey coating; length
7.5 — 10 mm. 886. MELAXOCEPHALUS.
;';". Median vitta not or feebly dilated at middle.
o. Lateral vittse present, sometimes abbreviated.
p. Median vitta fusiform; lateral vittse short, usually repre-
sented by an oblique line on basal half; base of beak
strongly swollen, coarsely punctate; color piceous or
reddish, the suture black; length 6.5 — 7 mm. 887. SAYI.
pp. Median vitta narrow; lateral vitta? entire; base of beak
feebly swollen, finely and sparsely punctate; length 8.5

. 9 Him. 888. SUBCABINATUS.

oo. Lateral vittse absent; median vitta narrow, represented by
a dorsal line extending to apex, where there is a large ob-
long fovea each side of it; length 7 mm. 889. APICALIS.
ii. Median vitta forked in front, enclosing a slight fossa imme-
diately behind the apical constriction.

q. Body naked; beak four-fifths as long as thorax, cylindrical;

length 9—11 mm. 890. PONTEDERI^E.

qq. Body with more or less dense clayey coating; beak shorter,

distinctly and uniformly compressed.
r. Thoracic vittse and apical fossa well defined.
s. Coating scant and easily abraded, not covering lower sur-
face or sides; lower surface finely and sparsely punctate;
length 6—10 mm. 891. VENATUS.

SUBFAMILY XIII. — CALANDRINJE.

503

ss. Coating thin, velvety, covering most of the body; lower
surface coarsely punctate; length 9 — 10 mm.

892. VESTITUS.

rr. Thoracic vittae usually feebly developed; color reddish, the

surface coating moderately dense, gray or red, thin

or velvety; length 7.5 — 9.5 mm. 893. KETICULATICOLLIS.

&&. Beak not curved, strongly compressed; front tibise strongly angulate

at middle, armed with two spurs, the sub-apical one rather long.

894. GERMAKI.
aa. Elytral intervals 1, 3 and 5 either wholly or in part elevated above

the others.

t. Vitt0e of thorax distinctly elevated, narrow, polished black ; beak
with front face of apex flat, the posterior face suddenly bent
forward; elytral intervals 1, 3 and 5 feebly elevated in basal half
or more; length 9 — 11 mm. 895. INCONGRUUS.

tt. Vittas of thorax feebly elevated, rather coarsely and densely punctate;
front face of apex of beak concave, its posterior face obtuse;
elytral interval 1 strongly elevated, 3 and sometimes 5 feebly ele-
vated and black near apex; length 10—11.5 mm. 89G. ROBUSTIOR.

876 (9000). SPHENOPHORUS PARVULUS Gyll., Schon., 1838, 961.

Elongate-

oval. Black with ash-gray clayey coating; antennae, except
the club and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak three-
fourths as long as thorax, coarsely and
sparsely punctate, its base thickened and above
rather deeply grooved. Thorax about as long as
wide, at middle slightly wider than elytra,
sides strongly curved in front of middle, apex
strongly constricted; disc sculptured as given
in key. Elytra finely striate, strise with rather
distant very coarse punctures; alternate intervals
slightly wider and somewhat elevated, the first
and third with two, the others with a single row
of rather coarse punctures. Length 5 — 6.5 mm.
(Fig. 123.)

Lake, Putnam and Vigo counties, Ind.,
scarce; May 25 — Oct. 20. Numerous local-
ities near New York City ; April— Septem-
ber. Throughout New Jersey; May — July.
Ranges from New England to Michigan and Nebraska, south to
Florida and Texas. Breeds in roots of blue-grass, Poa pratensis
L. and timothy, Plilcum pratense L., and known as the "blue-
grass bill-bug." Occurs as adult in Illinois from March 18 to
October, and is essentially an upland species ; sometimes abund-
ant in city lawns, doing much damage to timothy meadows and
also to corn planted in old meadows. Hibernating as imago, the
eggs are deposited in May, the larva? appearing in June, pupating
in late July, the adults emerging iu August and September.

Fig. 123. X 5-
(After Forbes.)

564

FAMILY III. CURCTJLIONID.E.

Fig. 124. X 6.
(After Forbes.)

(Forbes.} Brunei- states that in Nebraska it is two-brooded, the
larvse being found in June and again in September. Remedy, fall
plowing of infested timothy fields.

877 (11,215). SPHEISTOPHORUS MINIMUS Hart, 16th Rep. 111. State Ent,
1890, 65.

Black, opaque when denuded, covered with a thin ash-gray or clay-
yellow coating; tarsi and funicle reddish-brown.
Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, naked in front
of antennae, dilated, finely punctate, and shallowly
grooved above at base. Thorax longer than wide,
as wide at middle as elytra, sides nearly straight,
disc with very coarse variolate punctures sparsely
and irregularly placed, sometimes a short, oblong
tubercle near middle, occasionally extending back-
ward as an obsolete raised line. Elytra widest at
humeri, narrowing strongly to apex, surface un-
even; striae with very coarse variolate punctures
forming irregular transverse rows; intervals flat,
uneven, especially the basal halves of sixth and
seventh, each with a row of fine punctures; sub-
apical callus distinct. Length 5 — 7 mm. (Fig.
124.)

Frequent in southern half of Indiana,
scarce northward; March 25 — Oct. 18. Atlantic City and Angle-
sea, N. J. Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 16 — March 25. Ranges from New
York to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. Occurs in low
swampy places, the types having been taken from floating drift-
wood and logs near water. Nothing is recorded of its host
plants.

878 (— — ). SPIIENOPHORUS MARINUS Chitt., 1906-a, 166.

Elongate-oval. Black, opaque, antennae, tarsi and lateral margin
of elytra piceous. Beak two-thirds as long as thorax, stout, coarsely punc-
tate at base, more finely and sparsely so toward tip. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides nearly parallel on basal two-thirds; disc punctured
as given in key. Elytral striae fine, coarsely punctate on basal half; in-
tervals flat, subequal, the third widest, their punctures fine, irregular.
Male pygidium wide and subtruncate at apex, with fringe of yellow hairs
nearly uniform; ventral concavity distinct, shallow. Length 4.8 — 6 mm.

Sea Isle City, Westville and Atlantic City, N. J., June 10. On
cranberry bogs, (tfnritli.) "Maritime and probably local. Be-
longs near pa mil us and minimus. The coarse, subconfluent
thoracic sculpture is alone sufficient for its separation, but the
elevated median line of thorax, large concave scutellum and prom-
inent subapical callosities of elytra are also important charac-
ters." ( Ch ittcndcn. )

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^. 565

879 ( ). SPHENOPIIORUS CHITTENDENI sp. nov.

Oval, robust. Black, feebly shining, head, beak and legs more strongly
so; antennae and tarsi piceous; all the sterna, coxae and inner faces of femora
with a thick dirty yellow coating. Beak scarcely more than half the length
of thorax, strongly compressed, distinctly but rather feebly enlarged at
apex, finely and sparsely punctate, its base not constricted behind the
antenna?, but continuous with head; above deeply grooved and with a large
oval fovea between the groove and base of scape. Thorax very large,
widest just in front of middle where it is slightly wider than elytra, sides
feebly diverging from base to beyond middle, then gradually curved to
the constricted apex; disc without vittse but with a large irregular smooth
space at middle, elsewhere very coarsely, sparsely and unevenly cribrately
punctured. Scutellum elongate-triangular, not concave. Elytra only one-
fifth longer than thorax, widest at base, the sides then strongly converging
to the obtuse apex; striae narrow, very coarsely and remotely punctate;
intervals apparently undulating on account of the large strial punctures,
the third slightly wider and a little more elevated than the others, each with
a single row of minute remote punctures, those of the sutural interval
much closer. Under surface coarsely and sparsely punctate. Legs almost
smooth; tarsal joints all slender. Length 8.2—11 mm. (W. S. B.)

Dunedin, Fla., Jan. 16 — March 25. Two specimens from be-
neath boards on border of inland pond and one beneath seaweed
on Gulf beach. Allied to retusus, but differing by the stouter
beak, larger thorax with very much coarser and more uneven
punctures, and much finer punctures of elytral intervals. Named
for Dr. F. H. Chittenden, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology,
who has shown us many favors during the preparation of the
present work. One specimen of chittendeni without locality is
in the LeConte collection, labelled "retusus," and one from
Florida, is among the specimens of retusus in the Horn collection.

880 (9002). SPIIENOPHORUS RETUSUS Gyll., Schon., 1838, 549.

Oval, robust. Black, subopaque; elytra often with a reddish tinge;
antenna?, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak half the length of thorax,
very finely and sparsely punctate, strongly compressed on median third,
then gradually feebly widening to apex, which is flat or broadly concave
above; the base strongly grooved above. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
feebly constricted at apex, disc rather coarsely, closely and evenly punctate
and with a fusiform median smooth space, not reaching base or apex.
Elytra oval, scarcely longer than head and thorax, gradually attenuate to
tip; striae with moderately coarse punctures on basal half, finer toward
apex; intervals equal, slightly irregular, each with a row of rather coarse,
remote punctures, those of the third somewhat confused. Undersurface
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 8 — 10 mm.

Rockaway Beach and Fire Island, N. Y. ; July — September.
Throughout New Jersey, not common ; April — September.- Ranges
from Massachusetts to Florida in the coastwise states.

5GO FAMILY III. CURCULIONID.E.

881 (9004). SPHEXOPHOKUS GAGATINUS Gyll., Schon., 1838, 952.

Black, shining. Beak three-fourths the length of thorax, feebly com-
pressed, minutely punctate and finely grooved at base. Thorax longer
than wide, unequally punctured, sparsely and finely over the greater
part of surface, more coarsely and densely along the base; from the latter
coarse punctures extend forward each side of median line. Elytra oval,
scarcely longer than head and thorax, striate with coarse punctures grad-
ually evanescent toward apex; intervals flat, equal, finely punctulate.
Under surface coarsely and closely punctured. Length 7.5 mm.

New Jersey without definite locality. Georgia. "Easily
known by the shining thorax and rapidly narrowed elytra."
(Horn.}

882 (- -). Si'HEXGPHORUs DESTRUCTOR Chitt, 1906-a, 174.

Forna and size of zecc. Black, thickly covered with dull clay-colored or
brownish artificial coating. Beak three-fourths as long as thorax, com-
pressed in apical two-thirds, finely and sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides subparallel from base to middle, then curved and
converging to the moderately constricted apex; base strongly bisinuate;
disc with three more or less irregular, sometimes partly obsolete, coarsely
punctured vittse, the median one usually fusiform at middle and prolonged
in a narrow line at each end, the lateral ones narrower, strongly sinuate;
interspaces and sides of disc coarsely and sparsely punctate, the latter with
a large shallow cavity near apex and a similar deeper one near base, which
is usually enclosed by the branch of the lateral vitta and base of the vitta
itself. Elytral sculpture much as in zetr, the coarse punctures of the striae
so confluent near base as to form, three or four oblong fossae between the
alternate intervals. Under surface coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length
7 — 9.5 mm.

Posey Comity, Ind., scarce; May 9 — May 12. Described from
Auglesea, N. J., Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Ke-
ported as often injurious to corn and chufa, Cy perns escnlentus
L. This species and the var. suMwuis of callosus form, in a way,
connecting links between zees and callosus, and time may show
that all are one species. From zew, which it closely resembles
superficially, destructor is easily separated by the characters
given in key, and fossse of thorax and elytra.

883 (- -). SPHEXOPHORUS ZE^E Walsh, Practical Ent, II, 1867, 117.

Elongate-oval. Black or reddish-brown, shining. Beak three-fourths
the length of thorax, compressed at middle, finely and sparsely punctate,
more coarsely above the swollen base. Thorax with three elevated vittae,
the median one nearly entire, very slender at each end, broadly dilated in
front of middle; lateral vittas sinuous, broadly interrupted in front of
branch, spaces between and sides of thorax coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Elytra with flat, nearly equal intervals, each with a row of fine

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIX.E.

567

but distinct punctures, the alternate ones
almost interrupted by the coarse strial punc-
tures. Pygidiuru coarsely and deeply punc-
tured, with an oblique line of short yellow-
ish hairs each side. Length 7.5 — 9 mm.
(Pig. 125.)

Common in the northern third of
Indiana, much less so in the southern
counties ; Feb. 0— Sept. 30. Hibernates
beneath rubbish near water. Long and
Staten Islands, Peekskill, West Point
and Bronx, N. Y. ; April — July.
Watch Hill, R. I., June 18— July 11.
Throughout New Jersey; May — July.
Ormond, Sauford and Dunedin, Fla. ;
Jan. 15 — April 6. Ranges from New
England to Michigan and Kansas,
south to Florida. Usually listed as
sculptllls Uhler, which name is a syn-
onym of cariosus. Known as the "tim-
othy bill-bug," as it often breeds in

Fig. 125. Beetle, dorsal and side

views, x 4. (After Forbes.) the roots of timothy and attacks corn
on timothy sod. A liberal application of stable manure, tobacco
dust, lime or other suitable fertilizer immediately after hay
harvest is recommended (Hopkins) ; fall plowing (Smith).

884 (8994). SPHEXOPHORUS SCOPARIUS Horn, 1873, 424.

Similar to zecr but more robust. Beak more swollen and more coarsely
punctate above at base. Thoracic vittse subobsolete, finely and sparsely
punctate, the interspaces and sides of disc coarsely and closely punctured.
Elytra finely striate, the striae with coarse punctures on basal half, becom-
ing finer toward apex; intervals as in key. Pygidium coarsely punctured
and with a slight tuft of hairs each side at apex. Body beneath coarsely
punctured. Length 8 — 10.5 mm.

Described from two specimens from Wisconsin and Kansas.
Recorded by Hart from Illinois. In Horn collection from Ne-
braska.

885 (- -). SPHENOPHOKUS CALLOSUS Oliv., 1807, 92.

Oval, robust. Black, densely clothed with a brownish or olivaceous
clayey coating; antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Beak two-thirds the
length of thorax, compressed and sparsely punctate except near base, where
it is swollen, coarsely punctate and shallowly grooved above. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides parallel from base for three-fourths
their length, then strongly rounded to the constricted apex; disc very
coarsely and irregularly punctate, the median vitta usually broadly

568

FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

dilated at middle, its apical portion very narrow; lateral vittas broad at
base and with a short oblique branch, their front portion often

replaced by coarse punctures. Elytra
oval, their surface uneven, sides grad-
ually narrowed from humeri to apex;
striae fine, coarsely and distantly punc-
tate; intervals flat, their punctures hid-
den, the third sometimes feebly elevated
at base. Humeral umbone and sub-
apical callus somewhat prominent, often
shining. Under surface coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Length 8 — 12 mm.
(Fig. 12G.)

Lake, Putnam, Blackford, Vigo,
Perry and Posey counties, Ind.,
scarce; probably throughout the
state; May 1 — July 14. James-
burg, N. J. ; July. Orniond and
Sarasota, Fla. ; March 5 — April 6.
Ranges from Maine to Wisconsin
4. (After Forbes.) and Kansas, south and southwest
Texas and Arizona. Known especially in the

Fig. 126. X

to Florida,

Southern States as the "curlew bug," and in certain localities
doing much injury to corn and rice. The natural host plants are
chufa or yellow-nut grass, Cyperus esculcntus L. ; witch-grass or
tumble weed, Panicnm capiUare L. and Frank's sedge, Carex
frankii Kunth. The two best measures of prevention of damage
by the insect are extermination of these natural food plants from
the fields, and rotation of crops. (Webster, 1912.) Most eco-
nomic literature pertaining to S. cariosus Oliv. is to be referred
to this species. $. sculjitilis Horn (nee Uhler) is a synonym.

885-a (— — ). SPHENOPHONUS CALLOSUS SUBL^EVIS Chitt., 1906-a, 176.

Similar in form to callosus. Outer artificial coating less dense, some-
times nearly wanting. Vittaa of thorax less elevated, very coarsely and
sparsely punctate throughout their extent. Sculpture of elytra more dis-
tinct, the strial punctures very large, those of the intervals coarser, con-
fused on the broader third and fifth intervals. Subapical tibial spurs
better developed, those of the front pair being half as long and nearly as
thick as the apical ones. Length 7.5 — 10 mm.

Lake and Vigo counties, Ind., scarce ; May 20 — July 19. White-
hall, Mich, July 27. Described from Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin
and Missouri. Except in the minor characters above set forth,
this cannot be distinguished from callosus and we regard it only
as a variety of that species.

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^.

886 (8995). SPHENOPHORUS MELANOCEPHALUS Fab., 1801, II, 435.

Elongate-oval, robust. Black or piceous, densely clothed above with a

brownish, velvety, artificial clayey coating. Beak
two-thirds the length of thorax, strongly com-
pressed, finely and sparsely punctate in front of
antennae; suddenly swollen, coarsely and densely
punctate and feebly grooved above at base. Thorax
as wide as long, median vitta represented by a
short apical shining carina, slightly dilated be-
hind; lateral ones usually absent, sometimes rep-
resented by an indistinct line; disc coarsely,
rather sparsely and irregularly punctate, each
side with a small round shining callosity near
front angles. Elytra oval, gradually narrowed be-
hind; striae fine, with rather coarse remote punc-
tures; intervals flat, finely punctate, the third
wider; humeral umbone, subapical callus and
scutellum shining. Under surface shining, coarse-
ly and sparsely punctate. Length 7 — 10.5 mm.
(Fig. 127.)

Frequent throughout northern Indiana,
scarce in the southern counties; Feb. 6—
Oct. 9. Taken most commonly from bare
sanely areas near ponds and lakes ; hiber-
nates beneath logs and rubbish in such
places. Rockaway Beach, Brooklyn and

'vfews^x' t'lAfter Stlltel1 Tsl™d> N- Y" J April— July. Num-

Forbes.) erous localities in New Jersey, May — July.

Ranges from New England to Michigan and Kansas, south to
Georgia. Nothing distinctive of its food habits is known.

887 (8996). SPHENOPHORUS SAYI Gyll., Schon., 1838, 943.

Elongate-oval, slender. Piceous or often reddish with head, beak,
thoracic vittaa and sutural intervals black, shining; beneath piceous and
reddish. Beak slender, three-fourths the length of thorax, feebly com-
pressed, swollen and sparsely punctate above the antenna?, strongly con-
stricted at base. Thorax longer than wide, surface between and on sides of
vittse rather coarsely, not densely punctate; lateral vittae slender, often
obsolete en apical third, when entire curved outward at middle, coarsely
punctate; median one abbreviated in front, feebly dilated at middle, then
narrowly prolonged toward base. Elytral striae rather finely punctate;
intervals feebly alternating, the odd ones slightly the more convex, minute-
ly punctate. Under surface rather finely and sparsely punctate. Length
6.5 — 7 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., scarce in the drift along the beach of Lake
Michigan ; May 7 — June 16. Anglesea, N. J. ; July. Ranges from
New Jersey to Illinois, south to Georgia.

570 FAMILY III. CURCULIONIDJE.

888 (- — ). SPHEXOPHORUS SUBCARINATUS Mann., 1843, 294.

Elongate-oval, slender. Black, feebly shining, often dull red with
head, beak except at base, vittae of thorax and greater part of under sur-
face black. Beak slender, four-fifths the length of thorax, strongly com-
pressed, alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate, very feebly swollen and
grooved above at base. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide at base; sides
sinuate, almost parallel from base to middle, then curved outward, then
feebly converging to the slightly constricted apex; disc with three almost
entire narrow vittae, the median subequal in width throughout and slightly
wider than the outer ones, the branch of the latter very feeble; interspaces
and sides of disc coarsely, unevenly and sparsely punctate. Elytral striae
very fine, their punctures rather coarse, separated by twice their own di-
ameters; alternate intervals slightly wider and feebly elevated, each with a
row of minute punctures, those of the third confused. Under surface
rather finely and sparsely punctate. Ventral impression of male narrow,
deep, very coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 8.5 — 9 mm.

Lake Co., Ind., rare; May 30. California and Aleutian Is-
lands. Longer and more slender than sayi. the beak longer, more
compressed, with base much less swollen and more finely punc-
tate ; thorax proportionally longer, sides sinuate and vittse entire.
Horn placed subcarinatus as a synonym of sayi, but Chittenden
considers them distinct.

889 (8997). SPHENOPHORUS APICALIS Lee., 1878, 432.

"Elongate, black, not shining. Thorax with a narrow dorsal elevated
line extending to apex, where there is a large, oblong fovea on each side
of it; discoidal elevations not apparent; punctures very large, shallow,
irregularly scattered. Elytra with fine striae, upon which are placed large,
distant, rounded punctures; alternate intervals slightly more convex near
base, which is deeply bi-foveate or tri-foveate each side; proximal third of
beak deeply and broadly excavated; third joint of all the tarsi narrow, not
spongy beneath. Length 7 mm." (Horn.)

Gloucester and Avalon, N. J. ; April 24 — June 23. Lake
Worth, Fla. The type was found on the beach at Tampa, Fla.,
in May.

890 (— — ). SPHENOPHORUS PONTEDERI^ Chitt., 1905-b, 63.

Elongate-oval. Dull black without surface coating. Beak four-fifths
as long as thorax, cylindrical, finely and sparsely punctate; base moderately
swollen, coarsely punctate, narrowly grooved above. Thorax longer than
wide, sides and median basal area coarsely, partly confluently, punctate;
vittae very broad, shining, feebly elevated, the lateral ones united with the
median near middle, the latter divided at apex. Elytral striae coarsely and
rather closely punctate; intervals flat, somewhat irregular in width, the
third widest, sixth and eighth very narrow, all with a single row of minute
punctures. Under surface coarsely and densely punctate. Length 9 — 11
mm.

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRIN^E.

571

Gloucester, N. J., May 27. Sarasota and Utopia, Fla., March
2 — 5; frequent beneath decaying plant stems in recently drained
ponds. Recorded elsewhere from Louisiana, Georgia, Texas and
St. Lucie, Fla. Reared by Koebele from roots of pickerel weed,
Pontedcria cordato L. Distinguished from venatus (placMus]
by its naked body, long cylindrical beak, longer legs and broader
thoracic vittae. (CMttenden.) The subapical fossa of thorax is
divided in only one of eight specimens at hand. In two the fossa
itself is represented only by two short rows of punctures.

891 (8998). SPHENOPHORUS VENATUS Say, 1831, 22; ibid, I, 290.

Elongate-oval, comparatively slender. Black or reddish-piceous, feebly

shining. Beak three-fourths as long as
thorax, sparsely and finely punctate, more
coarsely and distinctly grooved above at
base. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
feebly constricted near apex; disc coarsely
and irregularly punctate; median vitta
dilated behind the apical fossa, then nar-
rowed and prolonged backwards toward
base; lateral vittse usually joining the
median in front, their oblique branch fee-
ble or wanting. Elytra oval, evenly nar-
rowed from base to apex; strias fine,
coarsely punctured; intervals flat, slight-
ly alternating in width and elevation, the
narrower ones with very fine widely re-
mote punctures, the wider with a single
row of rather close ones which are slight-
ly confused on the third. Length 6 — 10
Fig. 128. X 5- (After Forbes.) mm. (Pig. 128.)

Throughout Indiana but scarce; March 12 — July 19. Occurs
beneath rubbish in sandy localities near water. Various localities
near New York City ; April — August. Common along the sea-
shore of New Jersey ; May — July. Dunedin and Sarasota, Fla. ;
Feb. 14 — 18; taken beneath seaweed on the Gulf beach. Ranges
from Maine to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Texas. Easily
known among our northern species by the forked or Y-shaped
median vitta of thorax. Usually known as placidus Say, but
Chittenden states the two are the same, venatus having priority
of description in the same work.

892 (-

-). SPHENOPHORUS VESTITUS Chitt, 1904, 134.

Closely related to venatus, more robust, beak shorter, more curved and
compressed, with the basal dilated portion normally coated; surface coat-
ing of body dense, rather thin, more or less olive-tinted or brown, covering

572 FAMILY III. — CURCULIONIDJE.

normally the entire dorsal surface except the thoracic vittae, beak, head and
portions of the legs. Male with first abdominal segment distinctly narrowly
concave at middle, last segment with punctures forming a shallow fossa
at apex. Length 9 — 10 mm.

Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana; March — October.
This will probably prove to be merely a variety of venatus.

893 (— — ). SPHENOPHORUS RETICULATICOLLIS Boh., Schon., 1845, 257.

Similar to venatus but smaller. Dull reddish, beak, occiput, femora
and tibia? black; body with a moderately dense, velvety coating, this mostly
red above, gray on the sides, leaving only portions of the thoracic vittse, scu-
tellum, humeral and subapicai callosities, bare. Punctuation of upper sur-
face distinct and rather dense; on thorax nearly uniform and but little
finer on the feebly elevated and very narrow vittae. Elytra with strial
punctures coarse, those of intervals very fine and closely placed. Length
7.5 — 9.5 mm.

Washington, D. C., August 9. Known also from Texas, New
Mexico and California.

894 (9007). SPHENOPHOEUS GERMARI Horn, 1873, 430.

Oval, robust. Black, subopaque. Beak three-fourths the length of
thorax, strongly compressed, very coarsely punctate and concave be-
tween the eyes. Thorax longer than wide, sides in front strongly,
then gradually curved to base; disc coarsely variolate-punctate, with large
eroded spaces. Elytra oval, moderately attenuate to tip; striae not punc-
tured; intervals alternating in width, the wider with two rows of coarse
punctures, all with large shallow fove* scattered over the entire surface.
Pygidium cribrate. Body beneath coarsely punctate. Length 9.5 — 10
mm.

Tampa, Fla., rare. (Sclttvarz.) Kansas and Texas. (Horn.)
Originally described from Kentucky as compressirostris Germ.,
which name was preoccupied by Say.

895 (- — ). SPHENOPHORUS INCONGRUUS Chitt., 1905-b, 61.

Resembles costipennis but more slender. Black or dark brown with
light gray coating covering the intervals of thorax and the greater part of
elytra. Beak two-thirds the length of thorax, moderately curved and com-
pressed, finely and sparsely punctate, its base much less swollen and more
finely grooved above than in costipennis. Thorax one-fourth longer than
wide, its sides sinuous near base; vittse polished black, narrow, entire, the
median slightly dilated in front of middle; the lateral sinuous, widest at
base, the branch distinct but narrow. Elytral striae with fine, remote punc-
tures, mostly hidden by the coating; intervals as in key, the elevated ones
shining, each with a single row of minute punctures, those of third con-
fused; umbones and subapicai callosities shining, the latter long. Length
9—11 mm.

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRINJE. 573

Lake County, Ind., rare, May 20. Chittenden's three types
were from Wisconsin and Maryland. While it closely resembles
costipennis superficially, it is very distinct by its more slender
form, narrower thoracic vittae, less elevated elytral intervals, and
especially by the third joint of all the tarsi being but little wider
than the first.

896 ( ). SPHENOPHORUS KOBUSTIOR Chitt., 1905-b, 62.

Black with much gray coating above. Beak three-fourths the length
of thorax, strongly, subequally compressed, bent backward in apical third,
where it gradually enlarges to apex. Median vitta of thorax not attaining
the base, lateral with variable branch. Elytral striae deep, finely punctate;
intervals as described in key, the odd ones with two rows of fine punctures.
Under surface rather coarsely punctate. Male with pygidium pentagonal,
with pale hairs scarcely extending out of the punctures, the lateral tufts
minute. Length 10 — 11.5 mm.

Cook Co., 111. Cotypes are in the Illinois State Laboratory
of Natural History. Kesembles robiistiis superficially but more
robust, shorter, with shorter beak and less elevated, coarsely
punctured vitta? and with the tarsi of group D. (Chittenden.)

IV. CALANDRA Clairv., 1758. (Gr., "a kind of lark.")

Small, narrow, elongate brown or piceous species having the
beak usually shorter than thorax, straight, cylindrical ; club of
antenna? not compressed, its sensitive apex separated from the
basal portion by a transverse line; epimera of mesothorax trans-
verse, acute at the outer end and intervening between the base of
the thorax and the humeri (somewhat as in the Barini) ; front
part of last dorsal segment channeled for the reception of the
sutural edge of the elytra, almost as in Anthribidn?. Three species
have been widely distributed in the cereal grains in which they
depredate, and another, infesting tamarinds, represent the genus
in the United States.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CALANDRA.

a. Elytra with deeply impressed and feebly punctate striae, the intervals
smooth, alternately wider and mere elevated, especially toward base;
thorax with coarse, sparse elongate punctures. 897. GRANAEIA.

aa. Elytra with nearly contiguous double rows of coarse, deep punc-
tures, the rows separated by narrow punctate intervals,
ft. Thorax without a median smooth line, its surface punctate, not

strigose.
c. Punctures of thorax fine, even and distinctly separated, the sur-

574 FAMILY III. CURCULIONID^E.

face smooth and unusually convex. 898 LINEARIS.

cc. Punctures of thorax rather coarse, deep, very dense, especially
toward the sides, rounded, not elongate, the surface rather de-
pressed on the disc.

d. Smaller, 2.1—2.8 mm. 899. OBYZ.E.

dd. Larger and stouter, 3.2 — 3.4 mm. 899-a. var. ZEA-MAIS.

l>l>. Thorax with narrow median smooth line, its sculpture extremely

coarse, deep and dense, consisting of long sinuous strigse; elytral

sculpture exceedingly deep and dense; length 4 mm.

900. KUGICOLLIS.

897 (9013). CALAXDRA GKANAEIA Linn., 1758, 378.

Elongate-oblong, feebly convex. Chestnut brown to piceous, moder-
ately shining. Beak two-
thirds as long as thorax,
slender, cylindrical, finely and
sparsely punctate. Thorax
sparsely punctate, punctures
coarse and on the disc more or
less fusiform. Elytra deeply
striate, striae punctured at
bottom, not serrate; intervals

Fig. 129. 10. (After Forbes.) lg mentioned in key> the sut.

ural with a row of elongate punctures. Pygidium coarsely cribrate. Body
beneath coarsely and less densely punctured than in oryzir. Length 3 — 4
mm. (Fig. 129.)

Lake and Pose}- counties, Tnd., scarce; May 30 — June 27. Cos-
mopolitan and known in the United States from Canada to Ari-
zona. (Horn.) Throughout the United States. (Casey.) It is
the grain or granary weevil, injurious to stored grain since the
earliest times. Being wingless it is a strictly indoor species and
very prolific, a single pair being capable of producing 6.000 de-
scendents in a year. The time required for completion of a life
cycle varies with season and climate, the mid-summer period
from egg to adult being about six weeks, so that under favorable
conditions, there may be four or five broods in a year, or even
six in the Southern States. The annual loss from granary insects,
of which this species is one of the most important, is estimated
by Chittenden at $20,000,000. Closed bins to keep out the insects,
and bisulphide of carbon to destroy them are the usual remedies.

C. remotepunctata Gyll. is by Casey considered a synonym of granaria,
though specimens at hand show that it is uniformly smaller, with striae
of elytra deeper, their punctures more distinct.

898 (11,216). CALANDRA LINEARIS Hbst., 1797, 5.

Elongate-oblong. Color variable, usually piceous or brown, the head
black. Beak usually black, its tip red, twice as long as head, straight,
cylindrical, finely striate-punctate. Thorax nearly twice as long as wide,

SUBFAMILY XIII. CALANDRINJE. 575

convex, strongly narrowed in front and constricted behind the apex; disc
punctured as in key. Elytra subdepressed, scarcely longer and not wider
at base than thorax, striae closely punctate; alternate intervals slightly
wider. Under surface finely and closely punctate. Length 3.3 — 3.8 mm.

Described from the West Indies but probably a native of
India. Introduced in tamarinds, in the seeds of which it depre-
dates. It occurs at times in the Atlantic States and may always
be known by the more convex thorax with fine even punctures.
The elytra are often spotted as in orysce.

899 (9011). CALAXDRA OKYZ.E Linn., 1763, 395.

Reddish-brown to piceous, opaque, elytra frequently with four rufous

spots. Beak slender, cylin-
drical, three-fourths as long
as thorax, at base slightly di-
lated, above with four rows of
rather coarse punctures and
with a slight fovea between
the eyes. Thorax longer than
wide, constricted near apex,
sides feebly curved, gradually

divergent to base; disc dense-
Fig. 130. ,o. (After Forbes.) ly> deep]y and coargely punc.

tured. Elytra oblong, slightly narrowed at tip, deeply striate, striae very
coarsely and closely punctured; intervals slightly convex, narrow, the
sutural with a row of coarse punctures; each puncture, both of thorax and
elytra, bearing a very short yellowish seta. Beneath very densely and
coarsely punctured. Length 2.1 — 2.8 mm. (Fig. 130.)

Frequent throughout Indiana; Apr. 1.5 — Oct. 15. Occurs in
various places, the accession notes of the Indiana species being:
"beneath beech bark ; beaten from oak ; taken from figs ; on bags
of wheat in granary and taken by sweeping." New York City and
Brooklyn, N. Y. ; April — Nov. Occurs throughout the entire
United States. Originated in India, and known as the "rice
weevil," infesting stored grain, rice, wheat, maize, barley, rye,
hulled oats, buckwheat, chick-peas, and, when abundant in store
houses, invading crackers and other food stuffs. A serious pest
in the Southern States where it is commonly called the "black
weevil." Closely resembling the two preceding, but the punctures
of thorax are coarser than in linearis and not elongate as in
granaria. This species or granaria is probably the one referred
to in the "Early References to Weevils" on page 2 of this book.
They were perhaps the first beetles ever noticed by man.

576

FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

899-a (- -). CALANDKA ORYX.*; ZEA-MAIS Mots., Et. Ent., IV, 1855, 77.

Always larger and stouter than oryzcc. Beak longer, more suddenly
narrowed before the eyes. Thorax more densely punctate. Length 3.2—
3.4 mm.

Florida and Texas. (Casey.} Introduced from Cayenne, de-
veloping in New York in 1853, from grain sent on for exhibition.

900 (11,217). CALANDRA RUGICOLLIS Casey, 1892, 687.

Oval. Brownish-black, the elytra each clouded feebly with rufous
along the middle. Beak as long as thorax, feebly curved, coarsely punc-
tate near base. Thorax barely as long as wide, tubulate at apex, sculptured
as given in key. Elytra two fifths longer and at humeri as wide as thorax;
disc with contiguous rows of very coarse, quadrate, crowded punctures;
alternately separated by narrow, flat intervals. Length 4 mm.

Southern Florida. Described from a single female.

Family IV. SCOLYTIMJ.
THE BARK AND TIMBER BEETLES.

This family includes beetles of diverse form, whose struc-
tures, with the names applied to them by Dr. A. D. Hopkins in

the publications of the U. S. Gov-
ernment, are shown in Figures 132,
134 and 135. They are of unusual
interest from their unique habit of
excavating characteristic egg galleries
(Fig. 131) and of importance as destroy-
ers of forest trees.* While differing
among themselves in many respects they
are all small, more or less elongate
beetles, with compact, cylindrical bodies,
short legs, and dull coloration of va-
rious shades of brown, in which the an-
tennae (Figs. 13G, 137) are geniculate
with scape short, funicle 1- to 7-jointed,
club generally compact, (sublamellnte
only in Plilwoplitliorus} ; tarsi (Fig. 139)
5-jointed, first joint usually short, but
as long as the others united in Platypo-
fourth joint sometimes very small

-O

Fig. 131. Work of a Scoiytid
beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz.,
on twig under bark, a, a, main
galleries; b, b, side or larval
galleries; c, c, pupal cells —
natural size. (After Ratzeburg.)

(Fig. 133) ; head usually narrower than
thorax, but sometimes broader (Platy-
podinre) ; eyes usually oblong, some-
times divided (Xylotcrus), sometimes

destroyed by

*Their importance may be illustrated by this sentence: "If the timber
these insects in the United States during the past fifty years were living today,
stumpage value would be more than $1,000,000,000." (Bull. 83, U. S. Dept. Agr.)

its

STRUCTURES OF SCOLYTID^B.

577

round, subconvex (Platypodinae). On the strength of these
differences the Platypodinae are often treated as a sep-

10000. -
,,100 I 0

,10110 0 0

OOOOfl 0 0

0 0
HU 0 0
'lit 00
' 0

oo oo,ooo4oooo o o ooooo oooooooo 6,0 o o o OOOQOJJJ^
000000^0090000000000000000000 OG^O o " nn09*

ooooooooodooooooooooooooooooooop

00 OOCodoOOqoolo o^oo

00 OOOOC^OOOOpodrt^r^l^ Q

Fig. 132. Upper surface of Dendroctonus t'alciis Lee., showing names of various struc-
ture:7. (. \fttr Hopkins.)

578 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

a rate family, which course is also supported by their more linear
form. The anterior tibia? are usually compressed and serrate on
the outer margin, sometimes without teeth on the edge but pro-
duced at apex into a curved process or inucro (Scoly-
tinae) ; the thorax is usually without any side mar-
gin, sometimes, however, margined (Scolytiua?) ; the
elytra usually have a pronounced declivity at apex,
which is sometimes lacking, in which case the abdo-
men may ascend obliquely to the apex (Scolytinae).
of These differences have caused the Scolytinse also to
lytidx, '"show- be set apart either as a tribe or subfamily. The head
fourth8 joint, is never prolonged into a beak, but is often suboblong
kfns.) °P and prominent (Hylesinini), otherwise globose,
deeply immersed in the thorax (Ipini) ; the thorax
is sometimes uniformly sculptured (most Hylesinini), sometimes
remarkably roughened in front with sharp, backward-pointed
spines (Ipini) ; the declivity of the elytra may be unarmed
(Hylesinini) or provided with tubercles or spines (many Ipini).
The maxillary lobe is usually beset with stout radiating
spines, but in those genera which bore into solid timber ( Xijlo-
terus, Xylebortis and the Corthylini) these are replaced by long
bristles. The basal margin of the elytra is elevated, toothed or
tuberculate in some genera of Hylesinini; the third interval is
elevated at apex in others (Carphobonis) ; the sculpture of the
thorax is often longitudinally strigose, as in Cucxiiuifi, or with a
few distant acute tubercles in front of middle ((.'ri/)tli<ilitx\ ; the
body is sometimes clothed with small scales and stout erect
bristles in rows (CJiranicsus).

The sexes do not usually present great differences, though
the male head is bispinose in Phla'Otrilmx. bituberculate in Car-
/>Iiol><>nix, but in the Xyleboriui, this condition is reversed, the
male differing greatly in form of body, by horns or excavations
on thorax, or by marked flattening of the surface; such males are
however rare in collections, as they may not leave the heart of the
tree in which they were born.*

The principal works on our species of Scolytid;e are Zimmer-
man and LeConte 1868 ; LeConte. 1*7(5; riiapuis. ISlid, 1S<;<>; Eich-
hoff, 1878; Hopkins, 18!K',-a and b. 1S!)4 l!M)!)-a and b, 1014, 191 ;>a
and b; Hubbard, 1807; Pierce, 1!>!>7; Swaine, 1!)!)!); but foreign

*The authorities do not always agree in describing male and female characters: we
have followed IJr. Hopkins in cases of disagreement.

STKTVTrUKS OF SOOLYTIIUQ.

579

Mespsternum-
Episternum
Exocoxal area
Epimerum--
Melasternum

Prescutal lobe

'-- -Clavicle process

Middle, 1
..L.

Coracoid process

phvral suture

TrocJianter •-/-

Fig. 134. Side view of Dendroctonus, showing names of various parts. (After Hopkins.)

works, as Barbey, 11)01; Hagedorn, 1910; Eeitter, 1913; Xnsslin,
1905, 1911; Lindeman, 1875—1879; Blandford, 1895—1905, aud
Kleine, 1908, 1910, must also be consulted. The numerous short ar-
ticles by E. A. Schwarz in the early volumes of Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash, and Ent. Amer. are also invaluable. The effort in the pres-
ent writing has been to collate and arrange in accordance with Dr.

580

FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

a.

Sternum

Exocoxal piece

Epimerum

'~Sternellar area

~ 'Coxa

- Sternum

- -Episternum

- 'Median line
—Sterndlar piece

_——-Coxa

Epimerum

' Intercoxal process
~ 2d suture
—Ste

~3d

Fig. 135. Ventral view of Dcndi octonns, showing names of various parts.

(After Hof)kins.)

STRUCTURES OF SCOLYTID^E.

581

Hopkins' classification the mass of information contained in the
works mentioned, incorporating some data obtained from Mr.
H. W. Wenzel, of Philadelphia, who has collected many species
in winter and early spring by searching for the clusters of wood
dust that mark the entrance burrows.

D

Fig. 136. Antennae of genera of Scolytidre. A, Antenna of Micracis;
B, of Platypus; C, of Scolytus; D, _of Pli/a-osinns. (After Hopkins and

Swaine.)

The variations in the club and funicle of antennae are so im-
portant as to have become the basis in a large part of LeConte's

A

D

Fig. 137. Antennae of genera of Scolytidas. A, Antenna of Pityogenes; B, of Mon-
arthrum; C, of Pityophthorus; D, of Hylastiinis; E, of Xylocleptes; F, of Chra-
mesus; G, of Hylnrgops; H, of Dcndrocionus ; I, of Phlceotribus. (After Swaine.)

582 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

classification of the family. On account of the small size of the
insects, these organs are not, however, easy to observe accurately,
and more obvious characters are for that reason to be preferred.
In the keys which follow, based upon Technical Series No. 17,
Hopkins, 1915-b, greater prominence is given to the head, prono-
tum and tibiae.

SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES OF SCOLYTID.E.

a. Anterior tarsi with joint 1 longer than 2, 3 and 4 together.

Subfamily I. PLATTPODIX.E, p. 582.
aa. Anterior tarsi with joint 1 shorter than 2, 3 and 4 together.

6. Anterior tibiae with prominent process on the outer apical angle.

Subfamily II. SCOLYTIN.E, p. 584.

1)1). Anterior tibiae without prominent process on the outer apical angle.

Subfamily III. IPIX.E, p. 592.

Subfamily I. PLATYPODIN/E.

I. PLATYPUS Herbst, 1793. (Gr., "broad" + "foot.")

Form cylindrical; head large, wider than prothorax; elytra
perpendicularly declivous at base, striate, variously prolonged
into processes at tip. Found chiefly in the Southern States.
Three species appear to occur on the Atlantic coast, of which
one reaches New Jersey. A large number of species inhabit
tropical regions and are liable to be introduced in timber.
(Fig. 138; and Fig. 130, B, antenna; 139, L, tibia.)

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF PLATYPUS.*

a. Ventral segments of male with elevations.

1). Third ventral segment with elevations at posterior margin in
male; prothorax of female with two large discoidal punctures
each side of anterior extremity of short median line.

901. FLAVICORXIS.

bl). Fourth ventral segment with two very acute elevations at posterior

margin in male. 902. 4-DEXTATUS.

aa. Ventral segments without elevations; female with a smooth shining

space each side of short median line. 903. COMPOSITUS.

901 (9049). PLATYPUS FLAVICORXIS Fab., 1776, 212.

Female elytra with third interval somewhat elevated and roughened
at base; posterior process of elytra shorter and less acute; declivity con-
cave near tip, tip truncate and feebly emarginate. Ventral segments fine-
ly rugose, regularly convex. Elytral process shorter and less prominent
(var. flisciponis Chap.) Male elytra with base of third interval less ele-

*Fo11owing LeConte (1876, 343) with modifications based on Hopkins' description
of sexes (1894, 277).

SUI5FAMILY I. PLATYPODIX.K.

vated, posterior process longer, more acute, serrate on outer
side. Ventral surface punctured and finely rugose, opaque;
posterior margin of third and fourth segments thickened.
Length 5.2 — 5.7 mm.

Jul 4.

Ranges

Anglesea and Sea Isle, N. J., May 21-
Clayton. Ga., July. Dunedin, Fla., Nov. !).
from New Jersey to Florida, Texas and Mexico, in
the coastwise states, attacking many kinds of conif-
erous and deciduous trees. Ziininermaun observed
that in South Carolina they are found mostly in
pine logs, remaining commonly about the foot of the
tree where their presence is easily known by the
large heaps of worm-dust which they push out of

Fig. 138. A Pa-

Thev flv to light from March to

cific coast spe-
cies of Platypus.

X s8waineSfter

o-alleries.

( *rtober. Lugger found them near Pi it us tfrda L.,
flying freely in early morning. In hardwood trees
they are inquilinous in burrows of other insects making their
own more especially in the bark of the lower part of coniferous
trees.

902 (9050). PLATYPUS 4-DEXTATus Oliv., 1795, p. 3.

Male elytra deeply striate, with a posterior process at the end of third
interval, and a large compressed obtusely truncate one at the junction of
the fifth and eighth intervals. Ventral surface opaque, densely punc-
tured. Female similar to P. flavicornis. Length 4 mm.

Florida. West Virginia, July. Texas. The references to this
species are less numerous than to the others. It seems possible
from the similarity of the females, and from the male characters
being an exaggeration of those of flnrlrornis, that the two are
not distantly related.

903 (9051). PLATYPUS COMPOSITUS Say, 1824, 324; ibid. II, 187.

Female, apical part of front smooth. Prothorax scarcely punctulate.
Elytra transversely impressed near tip; without posterior process. Ven-
tral segments shining, sparsely punctulate. Male, front uniformly ru-
gose. Prothorax distinctly punctulate. Elytra with second interval com-
pressed and forming an acute cusp near the tip; fifth and ninth intervals
prolonged into a large process, which is concave above and tridentate at
tip, the outer tooth much longer, narrow and truncate or emarginate at
tip. Ventral segments opaque, densely punctured, fifth flat, not carinate,
nor tuberculate. Length 4 mm.

West Virginia, June to October, and in January, entering
green sap and heart wood, causing pinholes. Mobile, Aln., at

*Am Nat.. XYI

584

FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

light, July. Enterprise, Marco and Key West, Fin., at light in
November. Cypress Mills, Tex., September. Lives mainly on
the hard-woods, oaks, maple, beech, etc. Ranges throughout the
southern United States, north to Delaware Bay and Illinois,
flubbard (1897) states that they are powerful excavators, driv-
ing their galleries deep into the heart wood of large trees. The
females produce 100 to 200 eggs, which they deposit in clusters
of 10 or 12, loosely in the galleries. The young require five or
six weeks for their development, wandering freely about in the
passages and feeding on the ambrosia which grows here and
there on the walls, the conidia of which are borne in clusters on
branching sterns. The older portions of the galleries are black-
ened by this food fungus. The older larva? assist in excavating
the galleries but do not eat or swallow the wood ; they are alert
and active and show evident regard for the eggs and very tender
young. When they are full grown they excavate a cell in which
they pupate. The female is frequently accompanied by several
males and fierce sexual battles take place. The species of Platy-
pus are not confined to any particular kind of timber, but do not
attack trees in health. Their galleries are however so extensive
in dying trees that the sooner such are cut down the better if the
timber is to be saved even for fire wood.

In addition to the species included in the synopsis, P. punctulatus
Chap, has been found issuing from mahogany logs at Brooklyn, N. Y.
(Felt.)

ABCDEFG H I

Fig. 139. Tarsi and tibke of genera or. Scoiycid;L-. A, Tarsus of L ryphajus ; B,

of Ips; C, of Cortliylus; D, of Micracis; V.., of Cryptiirgus; F, of Plilccotribns: G,

of Hylesinus; H, of Heracolns; I, of Bothrosternus; J, tibia of Camptocents; K,

of Scolytus; L, of Platypus. (After Hopkins.)

Subfamily II. SCOLYTIN^.*

Anterior tarsi with joint 1 shorter than 2, 3 and 4 united;
anterior tibiae with prominent process on outer apical angle.
The subfamily is divided into six tribes, of which four occur in
the Eastern United States. As nearly all are represented by a
single species, the classification to genera is here given at once
for brevitv.

*Eccopiogastcrn\a of some authors.

TRIBE I. HEXACOLINI. 585

KKY TO GENERA OF SOOLYTIN.E.

a. Anterior tibiae with small tooth on inner apical angle extending
beyond the tarsal insertion; tibiae with at least one tooth on outer
margin, in addition to the apical one.
I. Pronotuni with transverse rugosities on anterior area.

I. ERINEOPHILUS.
bb. Pronotum without transverse rugosities on anterior area.

c. Thorax with a defined side margin. II. BOTHROSTERNUS.

• cc. Thorax with no defined side margin but usually a fold above the

femoral impression.

d. Sutures of club curved; beak narrower than the front; body

oval. III. PAGIOCERUS.

dd. Sutures of club straight; beak scarcely narrower than the front;

body oblong. IV. CNESINUS.

aa. Anterior tibia? with small tooth on inner apical angle not extending

beyond the tarsal insertion.

e. Abdominal sternum convex throughout; antennal scape not very

short. V. LOGANIUS.

ee. Abdominal sternum not convex throughout, but curved upward to

apex; antennal scape very short. (Fig. 136, C.) VI. SCOLYTUS.

Tribe I. HEXACOLINI.
I. ERINEOPHILUS Hopkins, 1902. (Gr., "bast" -+- "loving.")

904 (— — ). ERINEOPHILUS SCHWARZI Hopkins, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V,
1902. 34.

Female, yellowish-red; posterior portion of prothorax to abdomen,
darker; head and ventral surface dark; legs and antenna? yellow. Head
with front convex, middle of convex surface polished, shining, densely
fringed with long yellow hairs, which extend around the anterior margin
almost concealing the epistoma and mandibles. Base of prothorax emar-
ginate. Posterior portion of pro-episternum shining. Elytra shining,
margined at base, surface glabrous except on sides, which are faintly and
sparsely pubescent; stria? punctured but not impressed; interspaces not
elevated and with median row of punctures slightly smaller than those
of stria?; declivity not steep, smooth, punctures fine, apical margin slightly
retuse, exposing the pygidium. Ventral segments 1 and 2 distinctly punc-
tured. Length 1.7 mm. Male, front convex, smooth, subopaque, faintly
punctured and with faint median line; epistoma clothed with long hairs,
extending over base of mandibles. Length 1.5 mm.

Cocoannt Grove, Fla., April and September; bores under the
bark of branches of the Banyan trees (Ficus), thus killing them.

Tribe II. BOTHROSTERNINI.

II. BOTHROSTERNUS Eichhoff, 1868.
(Gr., "perforation" -f "breast.")

905 (11,251). BOTHROSTERNUS HUBBARDI Schwarz, 1886, 54.
Oblong-ovate. Reddish-brown, shining, nearly glabrous above. Vertex

punctulate, front smooth with a longitudinal excavation and a tubercle

586 FAMILY IV. - SCOLYTID.E.

on each side. Beak short, smooth and with a median tubercle; an acute
ridge each side above the insertion of antennae extending to middle of
eyes and continued along their inner margin by a series of stiff yellowish
bristles. Thorax convex, slightly wider than long, sides nearly straight
rrom base to middle, thence strongly rounded, hind angles rectangular,
anterior angles very obtuse; surface strigose-punctate, without smooth
median line, flanks densely rugosely punctate. Scutellum feebly de-
pressed. Elytra twice longer and at base distinctly wider than thorax,
punctate-striate; interstices flat, rather sparsely rugosely punctate, those
on disc wider than the strise, narrowing on declivity and each bearing on
posterior half of elytra a row of semi-recumbent, short yellowish bristles.
Under side with sparse, short pubescence; front coxa? widely separated,
antecoxal ridges acute; metasternum rather coarsely punctate; abdominal
segments convex, moderately strongly punctate. Anterior legs very little
stouter than posterior ones. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 139, I.)

St. Lncie, Fla., April 20, beaten from hickory. Miami, Fla.,
March 10. (Broioicll.)

III. PAGIOCERUS Eichhoff, 1868. (Gr., "firm" + "horn.")

906 (- -). PAGIOCERUS KIMOSUS Eichh., 1868, 148.

Ovate. Blackish piceous, somewhat shining, antennal innicle and
tarsi brownish. Head striolate rugose, broadly excavate,
acutely tuberculate at apex and on each side. Thorax sub-
quadrate, constricted at apex, densely longitudinally rimose
and punctate. Elytra striato-punctate; stria? broad, closely
punctate; intervals flat, sparsely clothed with yellow hair,
transversely striolate towards base, scarcely depressed at
declivity. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 140.)

Florida. Food plants, Anona ylabra and Persea
borbon'ui L. Common and widely distributed in
FSfte4r°' £gl4' Tropical America.

dorn.)

IV. CXKSIXI-S LeConte, ISfiS. (Gr., "with cuts.")

907 (9168). CXESIXUS STRIGICOLUS Lee., 1868, 171.

Cylindrical. Dark brown, clothed with yellowish hairs, which are
more stiff and arranged in rows upon the elytra. Prothorax longer than
wide, convex, sides parallel to near tip, where they are rounded, tip two-
thirds as wide as base; disc uniformly and densely covered with short,
longitudinal aciculate punctures. Elytra with deep punctured striae; in-
tervals flat, with very fine rugosities; tip obliquely declivous and broadly
sulcate along the suture. (LeConte.) Male, front shining, flattened be-
tween the eyes, anteriorly transversely depressed, the depression clothed
with short, grayish hair and with a flattened tubercle each side; antennal
scape elongate, curved, sutures of club fringed with long and conspicuous
hairs. Female, front subopaque, sharply margined between the eyes, an-
terior impression deeper, clothed with very dense reddish-brown hair and
without tubercles, antennal scape shorter, not curved, hairs of club shorter
and very fine. Length nearly 3 mm. (Sctiicarz, Ent. Am., II, 54.)

TRIBE IV. SCOLYTIXI.

587

Described from Illinois. Occurs from Michigan to Florida and
Texas. Food plants, Toxylon pomifennu L., Liqnidam~bar, Smi-
lax-, Bumelia and Hicoria (pith of twigs). (Swaine.) Cut out
of terminal twigs of oak, May 26, Cape May C. H., New Jersey.
( Wenzel. )

Tribe III. CAMPTOCERINI.
V. LOGANIUS Chapuis, I860. (Gr., "chaff.")

908 (11,250). LOGAXIUS FICUS Schwarz, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Ill, 1894,
44.

Cylindrical. Piceous, shining, nearly glabrous above, antennas pale,
legs reddish-brown or paler. Head concave, finely punc-
tulate, each puncture bearing a yellowish hair; eyes
strongly transverse. Antennal scape longer than 7-jointed
funicle, each joint of which bears a very long, pale seta;
club large, strongly compressed, oblong, pubescent on both
sides with three greatly curved sutures. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, lateral marginal line acute and entire,
not pubescent, sparsely punctate. Elytra at base as wide
as that of thorax, slightly longer than thorax, glabrous, a
few short seriate bristles on sides and declivity, regular
rows of coarse punctures in front; declivity simple, con-
Lo- vex- stria? deeply impressed; interstices convex, each with
a row of tubercles. Beneath sparsely pubescent. Legs

gentine species, short and stout, femora and tibia? compressed, the latter
dorn )&ge n°t denticulate at outer margin; front tibiae equally wide

throughout, outer apical angle prolonged into a long uncus bent 'inwardly;

tarsi slender, as long as tibiae, third joint hardly bilobed. Length 2.1—

2.3 mm.

Key West, Fla., April, under the bark of Ficus a urea L. The
colonies found by Schwarz were so crowded that nothing could
be said of the nature of the galleries.

Tribe IV. SCOLYTINI.
This tribe contains one genus of six species.

VI. SCOLYTUS Geoff roy, 1872. (Gr., "truncate.1')

The species of *SVofy/f//,<? are usually known by the peculiar

conformation of the ventral
surface, it being flattened or
concave and obliquely ascend-

/ r 'Sir V- f>r^'"^^' \j

L- — v ^t^ ing from the posterior end of

the first segment to the fifth.
' They have the side margin of

Fig. 14.;. Middle tibia of Scolytns qnadri- . ,i'Mtli<»i-» v <1 isif iii<.t U-
spinosns Say. (After Felt.) plOtllOluX QlSTmCtlJ

588 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIM3.

thighs stout; tibiae rather broad and compressed, the front pair
not serrate on the outer edge, their outer apical angle armed with
a long curved hook ; middle and hind tibije with outer margins
feebly serrate, their tips truncate and armed with two spines at
outer angle. (Figs. 142 and 130 K.)

KEY TO SPECIES OF SCOLYTUS.

a. Elytra with distinct strise of close-set punctures.
&. Strise deep; interspaces narrow with single rows of fine punctures

bearing short hairs.

c. Abdomen af male with several spines. 909. QUADRISPINOSUS.

cc. Abdomen of male with a single blunt, slender spine, that of fe-
male much shorter and conical. 910. PICE^:.
1)1). Strias less deep; interspaces wider with single rows of fine punc-
tures; abdomen of both sexes without spines, coarsely punctured.

911. FACT.
act. Elytra with numerous rows of punctures.

d. Elytra clothed with long, fine, erect hairs. 912. MUTICUS.

dd. Elytra nearly glabrous.

e. Size larger, 3.7 mm. 913. SULCATUS.

ee. Size smaller, 2.5 mm. 914. RUGULOSUS.

8. multistriatus Marsh, also mentioned by Felt (1905), is an imported
elm bark borer, received from J. W. Chapman, Dorchester, Mass., who found
it October 5, 1912, in adult and larval stages.

909 (9144). SCOLYTUS QUADRISPIATOSTTS Say, 1824, 323; ibid, II, 182.

Male, head flat, longitudinally finely aciculate, fringed with long

curled hairs. Anterior part of ventral de-
clivity very deeply concave, its margin
acute, subsinuate and more or less angu-
lated at middle; concave face of second
segment more or less carinate, and nearly
smooth, its lateral angles slightly pro-
duced into short spines; third segment
with three spines, which are sometimes
very long, sometimes short; fourth seg-
ment concave, rounded and strongly mar-
Fig. 143. Beetle 7, and side g}ned behind, sparsely punctured, and

view of posterior extremity of male.

(After Felt.) " with a more or less distinct tubercle at mid-

dle of hind margin; fifth segment very short and retracted, visible only
from behind. Female, head less flattened, punctured at sides, aciculate
only at middle, thinly clothed with long hair. Anterior face of ventral
declivity flattened, margined, nearly perpendicular, sparsely punctured;
remaining segments flat, strongly punctured; fifth rounded behind, as
long as the third and fourth united. Length 4 — 5 mm. (Fig. 143.)

Putnam, Marion and Posey counties, Tnd. ; June 12 — Dec. 21.
Ranges from Quebec and New York to Georgia and Missouri.
This is the "hickory bark borer," a very destructive enemy of
bitter-nut, shell-bark and pig-nut hickory and probably pecan.

TRIBE IV. SCOLYTINI. 589

The beetle issues in June or July, bores into the tree, trunk,
branch or even twig, but mainly the trunk or larger branches,
placing the eggs, 20 to 50 in number, each side of a vertical cham-
ber, half an inch or more in length. The larvae bore their cylin-
drical chambers through the inner bark, at first transversely and
diverging, but afterwards lengthwise along the bark. They remain
torpid during the winter and pupate the following May, issuing
through a hole in the bark, so that a badly infested tree looks as
though it had been peppered with No. 8 shot.

910 (— -). SCOLYTUS FICE^E Swaine, 1910-ta, 34.

Shining black, elytra sometimes with reddish tinge, antennas, tarsi
and mouth parts yellowish. Head shining, dorsal face with large punc-
tures; antennal scape short, first joint of funicle globular, remaining six
segments gradually wider; club pubescent, suboval, sutures strongly an-
gulated, a strongly chitinized piece deeply imbedded in first suture; front
flattened, more strongly in male, densely, coarsely punctate, with yellow
hairs. Pronotum smooth, shining, black, except for a reddish tinge in
front, glabrous except for a few hairs near the edge which is sharp and
distinct. Elytra nearly parallel, posterior outer angles rounded; disc
glabrous, sides and caudal depression slightly hairy, deeply impressed
about scutellum, punctate-striate, the strige distinct and deeper at base,
less distinct on sides; interspaces also punctate-striate with smaller punc-
tures. Beneath coarsely punctate with setaa arising from punctures;
ventral segments strongly ascending, the second bearing from the center
a blunt spine, slender and pointing obliquely downward, male, much
shorter and conical, female. Length 2.2 — 3 mm.

Steuben Co., Ind., June 18, under bark of tamarack. Hudson,
Quebec, in branches of Picea canadcusis Mill. Full grown larvae
were found May 24 ; adults emerged June 6 ; egg-laying com-
menced again early in July.

911 (9145). SCOLYTUS FAGI Walsh, Pract. Ent., II, 1867, 38.

Black, shining. Head of male flattened, slightly concave, covered
with erect yellow hairs, rugosely punctured. Prothorax oblong, narrowed
in front, broadly rounded on the sides, punctures distant, finer upon the
disc than at sides, glabrous, except towards the front angles, where there are
a few scattered hairs. Elytra with distinct strias formed of approximate
subquadrate punctures; intervals broad, flat, marked with a row of fine
distant punctures: tip rugosely punctured. Venter strongly retuse in
front, segments coarsely punctured except at the hind margins, which are
smooth and slightly elevated; antennas ferruginous, feet brown. Length
5.5 mm.

Described from Illinois. Occurs also in Texas. Food plants,
Celtis occidentaUs L. and Fagus americanus Sweet. "It is found
boring partly in the solid wood in all stages. So numerous were

FAMILY iv. — SCOLYTIDJS.

the insects that the pattern of the larval burrow was confused."
(Packard, IS!)!).)

912 (9148). SCOLYTUS MUTICUS Say, 1824, 323; ibid, II, 182.

Elytra clothed with long, fine, erect hairs and with numerous rows
of strong distant punctures. Male, head broad and flat in front and thickly
fringed with long yellow hairs. Last abdominal segment with two tufts
of long hair near the posterior margin. Female, head narrow, with im-
pressed longitudinal line in front and with only a few long hairs. Last
abdominal segment without tufts of hair. Length 3.8 mm.

Marion County, Ind., rare; June 4: beneath bark of hackberry.
Ranges from New Jersey to Missouri. Food plant, Celt is occiden-
tal!* L. Mines in bark and wood of felled and dead trees and
dead branches of living trees ; adults May 2 in West Virginia.
(Hof»kiiiN.) Wenzel has it from hickory.

913 (9151). SCOLYTUS SULCATUS Lee., 18G8, 167.

Blackish, elytra, antenna? and feet yellowish-brown. Head longitudin-
ally aciculate, flattened, slightly hairy. Prothorax not longer than wide,
strongly narrowed in front, very feebly rounded on the sides, finely, not
densely punctured, more distinctly at the sides. Elytra nearly glabrous
with punctures of rows and intervals almost equal in size and distance,
not larger toward base, but alternately very slightly larger; disc with a
few short yellow hairs toward sides and tip, the tip, as usual, rugosely
punctured. Venter not densely punctured, anterior part of declivity
prominent, subacute; second ventral segment not tuberculate; posterior
margin of segments smooth and somewhat elevated. Seems to resemble
the European S. rugulosus. Length 3.7 mm.

Described from New York: one female. Not named by Smith.
Food plant unknown. Apparently unrecognized since its descrip-
tion by LeConte.

914 (9153). SCOLYTUS RUGULOSUS Ratz., 1837, 187.

Subopaque, blackish, antenna?, tibiae, tarsi and apex of elytra reddish-
brown. Prothorax longer than wide, densely, strongly punctate, punc-

Fig. 144. a, Adult beetle; />, same in profile : c. pupa; rf. larva. All X
10. (After Ciiittenden.)

tures deep and confluent at sides, smaller and oblong on the disc. Elytra
longer than thorax, attenuate, striae and interspaces strongly and densely

TRIBE IV. SCOLYTIXI. 591

punctate, showing little difference. Male, head slightly flattened and
broader than in female, the flat surface bearing a few long hairs. Fe-
male, head slightly more convex in front, narrower and without long
hairs. Length 2—2.5 mm. (Fig. 144.)

Frequent throughout Indiana beneath bark of various kinds
of fruit trees; also on flowers of Jersey tea; May 11 — June 23.
Ranges from Canada and New Jersey to Indiana, its food plants
being /V/nn/.v, Pi/rus and Craftcr/iis. Port Richmond, S. I. (Ins.
Life, V, 250.)

An imported species known as the "fruit-bark beetle" which
attacks many orchard trees, boring into the bark to the bast and
there making galleries in which the lame develop. They pupate
in the galleries about the end of April and bore out in May, in
the midday hours. The adult female then constructs a brood
chamber, entering a dead or sickly tree through the lenticels or
bark pores, gnawing a space the length of her body in about two
hours. Mating then takes place, the male waiting for hours at
the entrance to the brood chamber. Egg laying commences soon
after mating and continues for ten days or more, the gallery being
meanwhile continued and the eggs laid in niches along its walls,
and covered with frass. Egg laying completed, the female com-
monly blocks the entrance to the brood chamber with her body
and dies. The larva? hatch in three or four days and, eating be-
tween and partly in the bark and bast, form the larval galleries.
In this species the mother gallery is vertical, the larval galleries
approximately horizontal. In about a month the larva? have com-
pleted their work and a second brood appears about the middle
of July. The adults at this time may often be seen running
rapidly 1131 and down the trunks, and have been noted late in
October. Perfectly healthy trees are seldom attacked, but any-
thing that serves to weaken the trees gives these insects a foot-
hold ; and saving the trunks of dead trees for firewood, or tops
and primings for brush greatly increases their numbers by pro-
viding ideal breeding places. The remedy is first to promptly
burn the primings, dead wood and dying trees to prevent multi-
plication. When trees are attacked, prune severely, spray before
leaves appear, and apply a heavy coat of whitewash to the trunks
and larger branches in early April. (C/osxfird, 1913.)

592 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDyE.

Subfamily III. IPIN/E.

KEY TO TRIBES OF SUBFAMILY IPIN,35.

a. Pronotum with anterior dorsal area commonly rugose; head con-
cealed from above; anterior tarsi with third joint simple.
6. Anterior tibiae broader towards apex or serrate on outer margin.
c. Abdominal sternite 7 with posterior margin always rounded.

Tribe I. CRYPHALINI, p. 592.

cc. Abdominal sternite 7 with posterior margin rarely rounded.

(I. Pronotum and elytra clothed with scales or hairs, very rarely

glabrous. Tribe II. IPINI, p. 626.

dd. Pronotum and elytra without scales, commonly glabrous or

sparsely pubescent. Tribe III. CORTHYLINI, p. 640.

lib. Anterior tibise not distinctly broader toward apex, or not serrate on

outer margin. Tribe IV. MICRACINI, p. 646.

aa. Pronotum with anterior dorsal area commonly smooth; head exposed

or rarely concealed from above.

e. Antennal club subglobose, compressed to laminate, never conical.
f. Body slender to moderately stout; pronotum at least as long as
broad. Tribe V. CRYPTURGINI, p. 650.

//. Body stout; pronotum broader than long.

Tribe VI. PHLCEOTRJBINI, p. 655.
ee. Antennal club usually conical, rarely compressed.

Tribe VII. HYLESININI, p. 662.

Tribe I. CRYPHALINI.

Very small species, some less than 1 mm. in length. The pro-
notum is often armed with small teeth on the apical margin,
while the declivity of the elytra is sometimes provided with more
or less acute tubercles, but these characters are not constant
throughout the group, which includes principally the genera
Hypotlicnemus, Dryoccctes and Xyleboriis of LeConte. They are
known as ambrosia beetles, pinhole borers and timber beetles, and
are detrimental to crude forest products, wine and beer casks, and
other similar products. A number of twig beetles and many seed-
infesting insects, especially those of the date palm, are also in-
cluded.

KEY TO EASTERN GENERA OF TRICE CRYPHALINI.

rt. Antennal club compressed throughout or but slightly thickened at.

base; antennal funicle with from 3 to 5 joints.
It. Elytra with scales, rarely with hairs; pronotum with apical margin

armed.

c. Elytral stria? and strial punctures distinct.
d. Antennal club with side margins evenly rounded.

I. COSMODERES.

dd. Antennal club with side margins sinuate.

e. Funicle 3-jointed. II. TRISCHIDIAS.

TKII5K I. CHYPHAL1XI. 5JK>

ee. Funicle 4-jointed. III. HYPOTHENEMUS.

eee. Funicle 5-jointed. IV. STEPHANODERKS.

cc. Elytral stria> and strial punctures usually obscure.
/. Pronotum with basal but without lateral margins.
g. Eyes simple; antennal funicle 4-jointed.
h. Antennal club with sutures and septa.

V. EKNOPORIDKS.

////. Antennal club with sutures but without septa.

VI. ERNOPORTS.

gg. Eyes short, oval, narrowly emarginate; antennal funicle 5-

jointed; club elongate. VII. TRYPOPHLCEUS.

//. Pronotum with basal and lateral margins. VIII. CRYPHALUS.

bl). Elytra without scales; pronotum with apical margin unarmed,

without basal margin, its sides rounded.
i. Funicle 5-jointed. IX. XYLOCLEPTES.

ii. Funicle 4-jointed. X. LYMANTOIJ.

act. Antennal club thickened at base, its anterior face obliquely truncate;
funicle 5-jointed; pronotum with rugosities, not strongly produced
over the head.

Base of pronotum margined. XL COCCOTRYPES.

Base of pronotum not margined.

k. Lateral margin of pronotum acute from posterior angles toward
middle. XII. SPERMATOPLEX.

kk. Lateral margin of pronotum obtuse or subacute toward base.
7. Pronotum with sides more or less rounded, with basal angles
rounded, apex without teeth. XIII. DRYOCCETES.

//. Pronotum with sides usually straight, with basal angles acute

to slightly rounded, apex with or without teeth.
)». Antennal club with sutures on posterior face.

XIV. AMBROSIODMUS.

Antennal club without sutures on posterior face.
Anterior margin of pronotum without apical serrations.

XV. XYLEBORUS.

•»n. Anterior margin of pronotum with apical serrations; body
stouter. XVI. ANISANDBUS.

I. ros.MoDERES Eichhoff, 1878. (Gr., "ornament" + "neck.")

Funicle 3-jointed, joint 3 narrow and obscure (overlooked by
Eichhoff, who says 2-jointed), joint 1 very large, more than twice
as long as the oilier two; club compressed, oval, three obscure
sutures on anterior and posterior faces.

915 (— -). COSMODERES sciiwARzi Hopkins, 1915-a, 11.

Slender. Black, elytra subopaque. Pronotum with four marginal
teeth. Front finely rugose; mandibles very long. Elytral striae and in-
tervals rugose. Length 1 mm.

Haw ("reek, Florida. (8c1uc<trz.)

594 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID.S:.

II. TRISCHIDIAS Hopkins, 1915-a.

Funicle 3-jointed, joint 3 narrow; club without sutural septa,
but with three slightly curved septa on anterior face and two on
posterior face.

916 (— -). TRISCHIDIAS GEORGIA Hopkins, 1915-a, 12.

Stout, brown. Pronotum with rugose area red and with two short,
closely placed marginal teeth. Front convex, opaque, with small median
impression. Elytra shining toward base, the declivity oblique, opaque;
strial punctures distinct from base to declivity, obscure on declivity.
Length 1.1 mm.

Brunswick. Georgia, March 3. (Hu'b'bard & Nr//Hv/r~.)
III. HYI-OTIIKXEMTS Westwood, 1X34. (Or., "beneath"H-"wood.")

? "lub oval, with three sutures on anterior and one or tAvo on
posterior face, suture 1 with a small septum; eyes elliptical,
einarginate. The males in this genus are rare, much smaller than
the females, and may have but three funicular joints, or the
rourth is obscure. The species mine under bark of small dead
branches, in pith and wood of dead twigs, vines and in other simi-
lar small objects for which their size is suitable. The genus is rep-
resented by many species, not here included, from the West In-
dies and our southwestern stales, extending even to California.

SYNOPSIS OF EASTERN SPECIES OF HYPOTHENEM IS.

«. Pronotum with apical margin produced and armed with a single

spine. 918. MILES.

aa. Pronotum with apical margin slightly produced or broadly rounded

and armed with several small marginal teeth.

&. Body short, stout; pronotum with apical margin slightly produced.
c. Pronotum with rugose area brown.

(I. Front without median longitudinal impression. 920. ATOMUS.
del. Front with distinct median longitudinal impression.

921. IMPKESSIFROXS.

re. Pronotum with rugose area red.

e. Front with median line and posterior median punctures.

f. The two middle pronotal front marginal teeth more promi-
nent. 922. MARYLAXDICJE.

ff. Margins but faintly produced. 923. ROBINI^S.

ee. Front with distinct short impressed line, without punctures.

924. TOXICODEXDRI.

6&. Body elongate, slender to moderately stout; pronotum with apical

margin broadly rounded.
g. Body elongate.

7). Elytra light to dark brown; pronotum uniform light to dark
brown, never uniformly reddish, though the rugose area is
sometimes red.

TRIBE I. CRYPHALINI. 595

i. Front with median shining or impressed line.

j. Pronotum uniformly brown. 919. JIISPIDULUS.

jj. Pronotum with rugose area reddish or dark brown.

925 PHUXI.*

ii. Front with minute to distinct median or posterior median ele-
vation. 930. RUFOPALLIATl'S.

7i7(. Elytra black; pronotum dark to light uniform reddish.

931. PUXCTIFRONS.

gg. Body moderately elongate; elytral intervals with rows of scales.
7;-. Pronotum dark reddish-brown with rugose space reddish; ely-
tral declivity without fine hairs. 932. XIGRIPENNIS.
kk. Pronotum uniform brown or reddish; elytral declivity with
fine hairs. 933. PUBESCENS.

917 (9088). HYPOTHEXEMUS KKTMTUS West-wood , 1834, 34.

Body elongate. Elytra black, pronotum dark to light but uniform
reddish. Antennal club compressed throughout. Pronotum with apical
margin broadly rounded and armed with several small marginal teeth.
Elytral striae and strial punctures distinct, intervals with scales. Length
of female scarcely 1 mm.

Orange Mts., New Brunswick and Anglesea, X. J., July.
Southwestern Pennsylvania, attacking shells of foreign nuts,
(Hamilton ) which habit is by Reitter ascribed to a species some-
times considered synonymous, viz., arcrar I forming; District of
Columbia, found abundantly in dry twigs of various trees in early
spring (£7/,-e) ; mines in pith and wood of dead twigs and vines;
infests honeysuckle; adults bred March 18 (Hopkins.} This, the
first species of the genus to be described, was found in the paste-
board cover of an old book, and its actual home is believed to be
the United States of Columbia. From the small size, identifica-
tions are difficult, and many of the records for this species are
probably based on the new species described by Hopkins, especi-
ally punctifrons.

Eichhoff ( 1S9G) says "The North American specimens sent by
yourself (i. e., Schwarz) I am inclined to consider Stephanoderes
cnnJlir Panz (1791), found in some West Indian seeds." Schwarz
found small holes leading straight into the wood of cocoa plum.
Chrysobalanus icuco. in Florida, apparently made "for feeding
purposes by the polyphagous H. cnnlitus;" he also bred it in
numbers from dead branches of black locust, Robin ia pscttdacacia
L., at Washington, D. C.t

*The following species are to be separated by the descriptions which follow the key,
viz.: firuni, ntinscyi, asiiuincr, liainainclidis and thoracicus. The aggregation formerly
called cruditus is separated into many species, of which punctifrons is nearest to West-
wood's type. Though omitted in the key, ernditus is here included, since the records above
given cannot be attributed to any of the species recognized by Hopkins.

fProc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I, 1891, 139; II, 1891, 74.

.")!>(') FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID.i:.

918 (9098). HYPOTHENEMTJS MILES Lee., 1878, 433.

Very small, slender, cylindrical, blackish, shining, clothed with short,
stout, erect bristles; legs and antennae picecus. Prothorax a little longer
than wide, apex produced into an acute spine; disc with a few acute
reclinate granules in front, sparsely punctured behind. Elytra strongly
but not densely punctured, striae hardly to be traced. Length 0.8 mm.

Tampa, Foricla, rare in dead pine leaves. Described as Cry pl-
ains, transferred to Hypotlicnanus by Hopkins, by whose key it
is the only species with apical margin armed with a single spine.

919 (- -). HYPOTHENEMTJS HISPIDULUS Lee., 1868, 156.

Moderately elongate. Black, ?cape and first joint of funicle of an-
tennae, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Head prominent, convex, finely
reticulate. Prothorax not longer than wide, convex, rough before the mid-
dle with acute reclinate tubercles, rugosely punctured behind; clothed
with short, stiff hairs, with six to eight small teeth on apical margin.
Elytra with approximate rows of quadrate punctures, intervals narrow
with rows of close-set, short, stiff, erect, gray bristles; posterior declivity
rounded, not at all flattened. Length 1 — 1.5 mm.

Described from Louisiana. New Brunswick, N. J.. from
hickory, oak and sumac. Ranges from District of Columbia to
Florida and Louisiana. Resembles crHflitiift, but larger, with
head and prothorax dark piceous like the elytra. (LcCnntr.}
"Perhaps a form of cniclitus." (BJandford.)

In connection with the numerous species Avhich follow, the
following passage from Technical Series No. 17, part 1, must be
borne in mind : "The designation of a species is arbitrary, and
with additional material and information is subject to revision."

920 (— — ). HYPOTHEXEMrs ATOMTJS Hopkins, 1915-a, 15.

Uniform light brown. Pronotum with four closely placed marginal
teeth, the two middle ones longer. Front flat, opaque, without distinct
median longitudinal impression. Length, female, 0.9 mm.; male, 0.5 mm.

Morgantown, W. Ya., in Sali.r nn/rti. decaying wood; Septem-
ber. TVestville, New Jersey, February, cut out of oak bark.
(Wenzel.)

921 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS TMPRESSIFROXS Hopkins, 1915-a, 15.

Uniform brown. Pronotum With. four subequal marginal teeth. Front
with distinct median longitudinal impression. Length 1 mm.

Morgantown, W. Va., in decayed wood of willow; January.

922 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS MARYLANDIC.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 15.

Elytra black, shining; pronotum reddish, opaque, with four marginal
teeth, the two middle ones more prominent. Length 0.75 mm.

TRIBE I. CRYPHALIXI. 597

Pregnall, S. C., in Qucrcus iii(iri/l(iii(!i<-<i, dead bark on sprout;
November.

923 (— — ). HYPOTHENEMUS ROBINI^E Hopkins, 1915-a, 15.

Elytra black, shining; pronotum reddish, with four small marginal
teeth, the margins but faintly produced. Length, female, 0.95 mm.; male
0.55 mm.

Chevy Chase, Md., in Robin id jtsciulacdcid, decaying bark of
fire-killed sprout; July.

924 (— — ). HYPOTIIENEMUS TOXICODENDRI Hopkins, 1915-a, 15.

Elytra black, pronotum dark reddish, with four marginal teeth, the
two middle ones more prominent. Length, female, 0.95 mm.

Morgantown, W. ATa., in Rim* to.r'n-odcmli'on. bark of dead
twigs ; December.

925 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS PRUNI Hopkins, 1915-a, 16.

Slender, brown; pronotal rugose space dark red. with six marginal
teeth, four small and two very small. Front convex, opaque, with distinct
median flat line faintly impressed toward middle. Length, female, 1.25
mm.; male, 1 mm.

Tryon, N. Car., in Pnums scrotum, dead bark on branches;
December.

926 (— -). HYPOTIIENEMUS KUMSEYI Hopkins, 1915-a, 16.

Elytra dark brown, shining; pronotum and head reddish-brown. Pro-
notum with six subequal and two small marginal teeth. Front convex,
opaque, densely rugosely punctured and with distinct median shining line.
Length, female, 1.15 mm.

Little Falls, W. Va., in Ccrcis camtdciisis, dead dry bark on
trunks ; November.

927 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS ASIMIN^E Hopkins, 1915-a, 16.

Dark brown, pronotal rugose space and anterior area light reel, with
six subequal, very small marginal teeth. Front convex, subopaque, closely
punctured, with faint short median line. Length, female, 1.2 mm.; male,
0.9 mm.

Plummer's Island, Md., in .[x'uiiind liilolxi. abundant in dead,
dry bark ; October.

928 (— — ). HYPOTHENEMUS HAMAMELIDIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 16.

Elytra light brown; pronotal rugose space and anterior area light red,
with six subequal, marginal teeth. Front convex, opaque with short me-
dian line. Length, female, 1.3 mm.; mfile, 0.9 mm.

Morgantown, W. Ya., in HdnnnncHx ri ; </hii<t>i<i. moist dead

bark, March. Gloucester, Grenlock and Laliaway, N. J., Marcli

—October; cut out of peach, cherry, etc. (Wcn-cl.} The name

598 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

ruficollis used for this species in Smith's List was never pub-
lished.

929 (— — ). HYPOTHENEMTJS THORACICUS sp. nov.

Length, female type, 1.3 mm, elytra dull brown, pronotal rugosities
sparse, anterior area brown with six marginal teeth, the four apical ones
much longer and more prominent, the sides more distinctly narrowed
from base to apex than in other species; otherwise it comes near Hypoth-
enemus hamamelidis Hopkins.

Clark Co., Ind., May 6—9; W. S. Blatchley, collector. Type,
Cat. No. 7487, U. S. National Museum. (Described by A. D. H.}

•930 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS RUFOPALLIATUS Hopkins, 1915-a, 18.

Elytra brown; pronotum reddish-brown, rugose area to margin light
reddish, margin with four equal and two small teeth. Front impressed,
shining, with posterior median triangular elevation. Length, female,
1.15 mm.

Charleston, S. C., in dead twigs of Ficus sp. ; July.

931 (— -). HYPOTHENEMUS PUNCTTFRONS Hopkins, 1915-a, 18.

Shining, prothorax and head dark reddish, elytra black; legs, an-
tennae and elytral scales yellowish. Pronotum with six marginal teeth,
four small, two very small. Elytral striae faintly impressed and faintly
scabrous; intervals broader than usual, with rows of faint granules. Front
convex, subopaque, distinctly but finely punctured, with small, median, ob-
tuse elevation. Length, female, 1.1 mm.

Lakeland. Fla., in Qucrcitx sp., dead bark on twigs; April. This
species is apparently the nearest approach in our fauna to cnnli-
tus Westwood. I sensu Hopkins.}

932 (- -). HYPOTIIEXEMUS XIGRIPEXNIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 19.

Elytra black, subopaque; pronotum dark brown, opaque, dorsal rugose
space faintly reddish; anterior margin with four small equal teeth; front
subopaque, with anterior median line punctured. Elytral strife faintly
impressed, punctures moderately coarse. Length, female, 1.15 mm.

Tallulah. Louisiana, in dead bark of Ficus sp. ; February.

933 (- -). HYPOTIIEXEMTS r: IJKSCEXS Hopkins, 1915-a, 19.

Elytra light brown; pronotum light reddish-brown, anterior margin
with four teeth, median ones coarser and closely placed. Front convex,
alutaceous and with median line. Elytra with strife not impressed, punc-
tures fine; interspacial scales yellowish and closely placed, mixed with
dense, fine hairs on declivity. Length, female, 1.15 mm.

Key West. Fla. ; April.

ffi/}><>nit nc-niis erectus and tliNxi mi!/* of Smith's List will be found in
Stephanoderes ; II. ruficollis Hop. (Smith, List of Ins. of N. J. > is H.
Hop. (per letter from Dr. Honkii

TUIP.K I. - CUYI'IIALIXI. 590

IV. STEPHANODERES Eich., 1871. (Or., "crown" + "neck.")

Form elongate-cylindrical; nientnm narrowed toward base;
antenna! fnnicle 5-jointed, sometimes with four joints in the
small and rare males, club rounded ; front margin of thorax with
tubercles ; elytra with strong, rows of punctures. The size of most
species is larger than in Hypothenemus.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF STEPHANODERES.

a. Pronotal rugosities numerous, not very coarse.

ft. Elytral strise not impressed. 934. EVONYMT.

bb. Elytral strife impressed; pronotum short, sides not parallel; body

moderately elongate.

c. Pronotum with six or more marginal teeth.
fl. Front with faint posterior median elevation.

e. Pronotum with six equal marginal teeth. 935. SERIATUS.

ee. Pronotum with six unequal marginal teeth. 936. GEORGIJE.
dd. Front without faint posterior median elevation.

/. Pronotum with six equal marginal teeth. 937. LECONTEI.

ff. Pronotum with four equal and two small marginal teeth.

938. PINI.*

cc. Pronotum with four marginal teeth and sometimes with two

smaller ones. 943. VIRENTTS.

aa. Pronotal rugosities sparse, very coarse; pronotum with two marginal

teeth.

g. Elytral intervals each with rows of scales mixed with very fine

hairs or very fine scales on declivity. 949. ROTUNDICOLLIS.

gg. Elytral intervals without row of scales but with hairs in rows

or not, and mixed or not with densely placed scales on the de-

clivity.

/;. Elytral declivity with fine hairs mixed with longer ones; apex

rounded. 952. SCULPTURATUS.

lilt. Elytra with fine short scales mixed with moderately long hairs;

apex not broadly rounded. 953. DISSIMILIS.

The species here included in Kfr/rttditoflcrcs were referred to
iiiN by Le<Ymte, who stated that the outer part of the
funicle was shorter than the first joint, and so indistinctly di-
vided as to be without value in classification. He differentiated
tiix by head larger and more exserted than in Piti/opJi-
; eyes narrowly emarginate; club round, compressed, mod-
crate in size, divided by straight sutures on both sides; tarsi .~-
jointcd, the third longer than preceding, fourth small as usual,
fifth elongate; libi;r- sen-ale toward tip; declivity of elytra no<-
retnse or silicate. The species of Xh'jilni notlcrcx are consolidated
with Hi/i>()tJt('ii('iiiitx by IJeitter also; 1he number of funicular

Tor tli ' luded in key £ , ,

follow.

(300 FAMILY IV. - SCOLYTIDJE.

joints being too difficult to observe with ordinary hand lenses to
serve as a separating character.

934 (— — ). STEPHAXODERES EVOXYMI Hopkins, 1915-a, 26.

Uniform light brown. Pronotum with four equal and two small mar-
ginal teeth. Front convex, with faint, shining, median elevation. Strial
punctures moderately coarse, becoming coarser on declivity. Length,
female, 1.2 mm.; male, 0.925.

Morgantown, W. Ya., in Emmi/innx <ttro/>nri)iir<-UH -lacq. :
March 20.

935 (- -). STEPHAXODERES SERIATUS Eich., 1871, 133.

Oblong, cylindrical. Brownish-black or piceous, subopaque, thinly
clothed with scattered gray hairs. Thorax semiorbicular, dirty brown,
apical margin with several remote tub?rcles, obsoletely crenate; dorsum
convex, sparsely tuberculate, scabrous in front, granulate-punctate behind.
Elytra deeply striate, with dilated punctures; intervals narrow, rugulose,
each with a row of stout seta?. Length, 1.3 mm.

New Orleans, La. Treated doubtfully as a synonym of Hypo-

b Le< 1onte.

936 (— — ). STEPHAXODERES GEORGI.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 26.

Uniform dark reddish-brown. Pronotum with six marginal teeth.
Front convex, with median line and minute posterior elevation. Elytral
stria? distinctly impressed, punctures coarse. Length, female, 1.5 mm.

Georgia.

937 (- -). STEPHAXODERES LECOXTEI Hopkins, 1915-a, 27.

Elytra dark brown; pronotum uniformly reddish-brown, subopaque.
Front narrow, subopaque, with median longitudinal shining space. Ely-
tral striae impressed and with a row of very fine, obscure, reclining hairs;
punctures moderately coarse, closely placed, with intervening elevations,
not coarser on declivity. Length, female, 1.55 mm.; male, 1.1 mm.

Jefferson County, W. Ya., in dead galls on twigs of QiK'n-its
sp. ; October 10.

938 (- -). STEPHAXODERES PIXI Hopkins, 1915-a, 27.

Uniform brown. Pronotum with four equal and two smaller marginal
teeth. Front flat, anterior area shining. Length, female, 1.4 mm.

Kanawha Station, W. Ya., in rinux sp. ; August IS.

939 (- -). STKPIIAXODEUKS SAMCIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 27.

Dark brown, elytra subopaque. Pronotum with rugose space lighter,
anterior margin with four small equal teeth and two very minute ones.
Front convex, with median shining line, posteriorly sulcate. Elytral striap
distinctly impressed, punctures coarse. Length, female, 1.45 mm.

Allegheny, Pa.

TRIBE I. - CRYPIIALIXI. 601

Morgan town, ^Y. Ya., in Kiili.r sp. ; January 2(1.

940 (— — ). STEPHAXODERES FLORIDEXSIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 27.

Elytra and pronotum black, shining, except rugose area of latter.
Anterior margin of pronotum with four equal, closely placed teeth and
two very minute ones. Front with long, median, shining line. Blytral
stria? faintly impressed, with rather coarse, evenly placed punctures, de-
clivity steep. Length, female, 1.3 mm.

Haw ("reek, Florida.

941 (- -). STEPIIAXODERES FICUS Hopkins, 1915-a, 28.

Elytra light to dark brown, shining. Pronotum opaque, lighter brown,
anterior margin with four small teeth and two smaller ones. Front with
short median line, posteriorly sulcate. Elytral stria? scarcely impressed,
punctures moderately coarse, shallow. Length, female, 1.4 mm.

Alabama, in brandies of Fiats sp. Dunodin, Fla., scarce;
Feb. ir>.

942 (— — ). STEPHAXOOERES SOLTAUI Hopkins, 1915-a, 28.

Elytra reddish-brown, shining. Prcnotum uniform lighter, opaque,
with four widely separated, equal, marginal teeth and two smaller ones.
Front with short, median, shining line. Elytral striae faintly impressed,
punctures moderately coarse, closely placed. Length, female, 1.45 mm.

New Orleans, La.

943 (— — ). STEPIIAXODERES VIEEXTIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 28.

Elytra dark brown, declivity opaque. Pronotum reddish brown,
lateral area shining, distinctly punctured, anterior margin with four equal
and two smaller teeth. Front with median shining line. Elytral strise
impressed, punctures coarse, impressed. Length, female, 1.3 mm.

Lakeland, Fla., in dead twigs of Qurrcus sp.

944 (- -). STKPIIAXODERES PECAXIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 29.

Uniform brown, shining. Pronotal rugose space slightly darker,
lateral area shining, punctured, anterior margin with four small equal
teeth. Front opaque, with median shining line. Elytral strife impressed,
punctures moderately coarse. Length, female, 1.3 mm.

Orlando, Fla., reared from pecan ; March 20.

945 (— -). STEPHAXODERES BTJFESCEXS Hopkins, 1915-a, 29.

Elytra and pronotum reddish. Anterior margin of pronotum with
three regular teeth and one smaller one. Front opaque, convex, with dis-
tinct impressed median line. Elytral striae impressed, punctures mode-
rately coarse, regular, becoming obscure on declivity which is oblique.
Length, female, 1.4 mm.

Allegheny. Pa.

602 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

946 (- — ). STEPHANODEKES FLAVESCEXS Hopkins, 1915-a, 29.

Elytra light brown, shining. Pronotum lighter, with rugose space
dark, anterior margin with four regular and two smaller teeth. Front
convex, with median shining space, posteriorly sulcate. Elytral striae im-
pressed, punctures moderately coarse, becoming obscure on declivity; de-
clivity subopaque. Length, female, 1.5 mm.

Tallahassee, Fla. ; March 3. (Hul)l>ard & KHunirz.)

947 (— — ). STEPHAXODERES OPACIPEXXIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 30.

Elytra black, opaque; punctures coarse, rugose. Pronotum dark red-
dish-brown, with four closely placed marginal teeth. Front subopaque,
with broad shining line, posteriorly impressed. Elytral striae impressed,
rugose, becoming obscure on declivity; intervals rugose. Length, female,
1.6 mm.

District of Columbia ; May 20.

948 (- — ). STEPHAXODERES QUADRIDEXTATI-S Hopkins, 1915-a, 30.
Elytra dark brown, shining. Pronotum dark brown, opaque, with dor-
sal space reddish, anterior margin with four closely placed teeth. Front
opaque, with narrow shining line, posteriorly sulcate. Elytral stria? im-
pressed, punctures very coarse, becoming smaller on declivity, intervals of
declivity faintly rugose. Length, female, 1.65 mm.

Morgantown. W. Ya.. in Picca sp. ; April 5.

949 (— -). STEPHAXODERES ROTUXDICOLLIS Eich., 1876, 145.

Oblong. Piceous black, almost shining, with stiff obtuse setae, a red
blotch on thorax, antenna? and legs testaceous. Thorax subglobose, trans-
verse, rounded at base and apex, apex with two approximate tubercles;
disc gibbous, scabrous in front with few tubercles, sparsely punctate be-
hind. Elytra cylindrical, deeply punctate-striate, intervals smooth, apex
subacuminate. Length 0.6 mm.

Locality, North America. Swaine adds ''Tennessee." Tn 1S9G
Eichhoff published "I possess only a single specimen." Dunedin,
Fla., rare; March 2(>. Eesembles rtixxiinilifs but smaller, thorax
with sides less dilated and rounded, hind angles almost right.

959 (_ _). STEPHAXODERES QVERCTS Hopkins, 1915-a, 32.

Dark brown, pronotum with rugose space reddish; elytra shining.
Front subopaque. alutaceous, with median shining space. Punctures of
t-'lytral striae fine, becoming coarser on lateral area, finer on declivity.
Length, female, 1.8 mm.

Berkeley, W. Ya.. in lth<rr<-ux prinus L. ; March 11.

n.'il (90S9). STEi'iiAxonrui.s ERECTTJS Lee., 1876, 3

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Brown, antenna? and legs yellow:
'i.lv clothed with short pr ce whiHi is stout and erect, especially

TRIBE I. CUYI'HAI.IM. 603

near tip of elytra. Head large, exserted, opaque, with a somewhat seri-
ceous lustre from extremely minute striae; front flattened. Tliorax not
longer than wide, very convex, rough in front with not more than 10 or
12 large, acute elevations, disc finely punctured, and with two small ap-
proximate teeth on its front margin. Elytra blackish, with lightly punc-
tured stria?, becoming deeper toward sides. Length 1.7 mm.

Described from Texas. West Virginia, mining in pith and
wood of honeysuckle; adults bred April 19. (Hopkins.) Bred
from dead fig twigs, issuing all the time from March 12 to June
14. (Townscnd.) New Jersey, from hickory and oak. (Smith.)
Texas. Swaine adds grapes and Pijrus to food plants. "Closely
resembles dissinnlis and differs by the shorter and stouter hairs
of elytra, which are almost as in Hypothenemus cruditus." (Le-
Conte.)

952 (- -). STEPHANODERES SCTJLPTURATUS Eich., 1878, 146.

Jblong. Piceous-black, subopaque, setulose, antenna? and legs testa-
ceous. Thorax transverse, semiorbicular, strongly rounded at base and
apex, with two closely placed acuminate tubercles at middle of apex; disc
gibbous, scabrous with a few tubercles in front, strongly, densely punctate
at base and sides. Elytra cylindrical, deeply punctate-striate; intervals very
faintly uniseriately punctulate; apex suddenly declivous, convex, rounded,
obtuse. Length 1.7 mm.

Tennessee. Treated as a synonyn of crcctnx by Eichhoff and
Schwarz. Retained as distinct, though unseen, by Dr. Hopkins.

953 (9090). STEPHAXODERES DISSIJIILIS Zimm., 1868, 144.

Stout, convex. Black, antennas and feet yellow; front clothed with
fine silky hair. Hf?ad large, prominent, deflexed; funicle 5-jointed.
Thorax not longer than wide, above nearly circular, strongly convex,
thickly punctured, finely pubescent, marked before the middle with erect
acute spines. Elytra subcylindrical, punctate-striate, finely pubescent
with gray hair, rounded at tip; intervals finely and sparsely punctured.
Males with spines of front margin of thorax rudimentary, taking the form
of tubercles smaller than the discal spines. Length 2 mm.

Warren, Vermillion, Lawrence and Posey counties, Ind., rare;
May 11 — June 14. Duuedin, Fla,, frequent; Feb. 17 — Dec. 6.
Ranges from New York and Quebec to Lake Superior, south to
Florida, "Larger and stouter than erectus and Jtixpidulits. with
pubescence longer and finer, the apical margin of thorax with
two approximate erect teeth/' (LcCon/c.) Breeds in grape and
oak in New Jersey, boring with erectus, which may be the other
sex, in oak twigs (Smith)', bores in wild cherry i HunilUon I :
mining in pith and wood of dead hickory twigs (Ho/thin*) :
found abundant in dry twigs of various trees in early spring
i -' //,v'i ; found on Piniift in»i>s near Washington. I >. T. (Xcliin/r

<i<(4 FAMILY IV. - SCOLYTID.E.

954 (- -). STEIHANODERES CHAPUIS-II Eich., 1871, 132.

Oblong, piceous-brown, sufcopaque, thinly grayish pubescent, antenna?
and legs testaceous. Thorax ample, subglobose, transverse, apical margin
with two closely placed tubercles, mucronate and prominent, disc in front
scabrous with a few tubercles, subrugosely punctate behind and at sides.
Elytra cylindrical, intervals faintly multipimctate, apex suddenly de-
clivous, subacuminate. Length 2 mm.

Texas. Tybee Island, Ga.. June 30. (Wnizcl.) Treated as
a syiionyin of rtisxiniilis by Eichhoff and Srhwarz, but retained
as distinct by Hopkins.

V. EUXOPORIDES Hopkins, 1915-a. i Gr., Ernoporus -j- "like.")

Antennal funicle 4-jointed, joint 4 slightly broader; club coin-
pressed, with side margins unequally rounded, with two obscure,
procurved sutures on anterior and scarcely evident ones on poste-
rior face, suture one with a distinct oblique septum; eyes oblong-
oval, not emarginate.

955 (- -). ERXOPORIDES FLOWDEXSIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 34.

Oblong, elliptical. Reddish-brown. Pronotum with sides nearly par-
allel, anterior margin obtusely rounded, smooth, rugosities small, sparse,
not in concentric rows but extending toward sides; posterior dorsal and
lateral areas smooth, shining, not evidently punctured and with median
faint elevated line. Elytra with sparse, fine scales and rows of larger
interspacial scales, elytral punctures fine, confused. Length, female,
1.4 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Florida. (HublHird &. Nr///rr//--. i
956 (9102). EKNOPOBIUES JALAPP.-T: Letzner, 1844, 99.

Cylindrical. Chestnut brown, antennae and legs brownish-yellow, shin-
ing. Crown of tubercles behind smooth front margin of thorax not par-
allel with margin, but more curved toward sides; behind densely sub-
granulate. Elytra with fine rows of punctures, reaching apex, intervals
with rows of very short, scale-like erect setae and finely punctulate,
sparsely scaly. Elytral striae more evident than in floridensis. Length
1.3—1.6 mm.

In Jalap root from Brazil : liable to be found in all large cities
in Europe and America but not frequently reported. The Nat.
Mus. Coll. contains but a single specimen. Reitter (1913) creates
for this species the subgenns Lct~ncr<'ll<i.

VI. Erixoi-oitrs Thomson. ISO."), i Gr., "making" -{- "pores.")

Antennal funicle 4-jointed; club compressed, oval, narrowed
toward base, sides evenly, apex broadly rounded, three obscure
straight sulures on anterior face and three obscure procurved

TRIBE I. CRYPHALIXI. 605

sutures on j osterior face, without septum; eyes oblong-oval, not
emarginate.

957 (— — ). ERXOPORUS KANAWH^E Hopkins, 1915-a, 35.

Oblong, moderately stout. Dark brown. Pronotum slightly broader
than long, sides slightly rounded from base to apex, rugosities moderately
coarse and not in concentric rows, posterior, dorsal and lateral areas
shining, faintly rugose and with four apical teeth. Front short, broad,
faintly impressed. Elytra with fine scales and coarser, longer interspacial
scales, especially on the declivity; strife obscure, with fine punctures; in-
tervals faintly rugose toward base, declivity evenly convex, without evi-
dent strife. Length, female, 1.65 mm.

Kanawha Station, W. A'a.; April 15. Allied to E. schrcineri
Eieh., of Europe, living in linden; other European species live in
beech.

YII. TRYPOPIILCEUS Fairmaire, I860. (Gr., "perforate"-)- "bark.")

Antenna 1 club compressed, elongate-oval, with three nearly
straight sutures, distinct on anterior face and obscure or absent
on posterior face; eyes short oval, narrowly emarginate. Males
not smaller than females. Several species are known in Europe
and our western states, and one has been described from Nova
Scotia. All attack alders, willows or poplars. The genus is treated
as a subgenus of Cri/nJialus by Hagedorn.

958 (— — ). TKYPOPHLOEUS NITIDI*S Swaine, 1912, 349.

Black, clothed with short, gray hairs of two lengths. Head subglobu-
lar, with coarse, very shallow punctures and aciculate behind the eyes,
front more coarsely punctured; a median longitudinal impression ending
in a V at base of epistoma, which bears a few long yellowish hairs. An-
tennal scape strongly curved, clavate; funicle 5-jointed, first joint large,
pedunculate, remaining four saucer-shaped, widening rapidly. Pronotum
as wide as elytra, base broadly rounded, sides sinuate, strongly convergent
in front, apical margin with two larger recurved points on median line,
two or three smaller ones each side; asperations of front half strong, con-
centrically arranged, posterior half coarsely, densely punctured. Elytra
more than twice the length of pronotum, sides parallel to declivity then
narrowed to the rounded tip; punctured in rows, striae hardly impressed;
interspaces confusedly very finely punctured and with a row of widely
separated punctures bearing bristles; pubescence short on disc, longer on
sides and declivity. Length 2 mm.

Weymoutli, Nova Scotia, in dying stems and twigs of AJnus.
Closely related to T. alni of Russia.

VIII. CRYPIIALUS Erichson, 1836. (Gr., "hidden/')
As restricted by Hopkins, this genus has a 4- join ted funicle

(»()<) FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

with joint 4 broader, both basal and lateral margins on the pro-
notnm, and obscure or absent stride on tlie elytra. The species
are small, like those which precede, and are found in spruce and
fir. They have the antennal club compressed, broad, with sides
equally rounded, sinuate, apex broadly rounded, with three
slightly recurved sutures on anterior face and three broadly pro-
curved sutures on posterior face; eyes short, oval, narrowly but
distinctly emarginate; declivity of elytra not impressed or
toothed, thorax with a few large acute tubercles in front; tarsi
with third joint simple. ( Fig. 139, A.) The male is slightly
smaller than female, its front narrower.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF CKYPHALUS.

a. Elytra with fine, densely placed scales and sparse, erect, interspacial

hairs.

b. Interspacial hairs long. 959. PICE^,.

bb. Interspacial hairs short, sparse.

c. Pronotal anterior margin with four teeth. 960. RVBEXTIS.

cc. Pronotal anterior margin with five teeth. 9G1. FRASERI.

Off. Elytra with fine, densely placed scales but without interspacial hairs,

962. BALSAJIEUS.

959 (- -). CRYPHALVS PICE.B Ratz., 1837, 163.

Oblong-oval, subcylindrical, convex. Fuscous-brown, pubescent.
Thorax semi-orbiculate, transverse, disc scabrous in front with subcon-
centric tubercles in rows, granulate-punctate behind. Elytra paler, longer
than wide, squamulate, very finely punctured in rows with long erect
hairs. Length 1.6 — 2 mm.

Canada, West Virginia and New York, according to Swaine
(1908), who would perhaps now associate the specimens with
rubcntis Hopkins. Europe, in Abies and Picca. (Hopkins.)

960 (- -). CKYPIIALUS RUBEXTIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 40.

Oblong, elliptical. Dull reddish-brown; pronotum and head darker.
Anterior margin of thorax with four short, equal teeth, pronotal rugosities
coarse, sparse, confused. Front flattened, with median shining line, pos-
terior and lateral areas faintly punctured. Elytral strife faintly evident
on dorsal area. Length, female, 1.8 mm.; male, 1.6 mm.

Pocahontas Co., W. Va., in I'li-cu nibcnft; May 6. Pocono
Lake, Pa., August 12, labelled rubcr by Dr. Hopkins. (W<.'n~el.)

Felt (1906) identifies as striatulus Mann., known from Alaska and
Utah, "a small yellowish-brown to almost black beetle, about 2 mm. in
length, occurring in spruce bark, particularly at the base of limbs; also
at base of a small hemlock limb the foliage of which had begun to turn
brown, and in a small balsam tree." He describes the prothorax as bear-
ing a number of prominent chitinous tubercles, and elytra as faintly

TRIBE I. CRYPIIALIXI. 607

striate with rows of fine punctures. The galleries, he says, consist of a
series of interlacing burrows, which often unite to form large excavations
around the base of a twig. Possibly the same as rubentis. These obser-
vations were made in the Adirondack Mts., N. Y.

d61 f- — ). CRYPIIALUS FRASERI Hopkins, 1915-a, 40.

Oblong, rather scout. Dark brown, elytra dull reddish-brown; prono-
tum darker. Anterior margin with five short teeth, pronotal rugosities
moderately coarse, confused. Front convex, subopaque, with transverse
bisinuate, shining line. Elytral stria? faintly evident, declivity convex, apex
not broadly rounded. Length, female, 1.95 mm.; male, 1.85 mm.

Pisgah Ridge, North Carolina, in Abies fraseri; Sept 24.
Allied to C. asperatus Gyll. of Europe, found in Picea and Abies.

962 (- — ). CRYPHALTJS BALSAMETJS Hopkins, 1915-a, 41.

Elliptical. Reddish-brown to nearly black. Anterior margin of pro-
notum with four subcontiguous, broad teeth and two smaller ones; ru-
gosities sparse, confused, not extending to base. Front broad, subopaque,
flattened, with anterior median broad elevated line. Elytral striae evident
and faintly impressed toward base. Length, female, 1.9 mm.; male,
1.65 mm.

Camp Caribou, Maine, in Abies balsa nica. May. Allied to C.
ab let is Ratz.

TX. XYLOCLEPTES Ferrari, 1867. (Gr., "wood" 4- "thief.")

Apical margin of prmiotum nnarmed ; antennal funicle 5-
joiuted. joint 5 broad; club compressed, broad, strongly narrowed
toward base and apex, broadly rounded with one or tAvo obscure
to distinct sutures on anterior face and with or without one or
two broad, strongly procuryed, subapical sutures on posterior
face; eyes short, elliptical, emarginate. Small species, some at
least of which are found in Cuba, Florida and southwestern states
in Cucurbitacese. (Fig. 137, ]<].)

963 (— — ). XYLOCLEPTES FLORIDEXSIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 43.

Oblong-elliptical. Ferruginous, pronotum darker. Front convex,
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent. Elytra shining, with strial punc-
tures coarse and in evident rows on dorsal area, confused on lateral
area; declivity steep, flat, with interspace 1 scarcely elevated, strial punc-
tures distinct. Length, female, 1.5 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Fla. ; May 17. (Hubbanl & Kelt inn-.}

964 (- -). XYLOCLEPTES AXON.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 43.

Oblong-elliptical. Elytra dark reddish-brown, pronotum darker. Front
flat, broad, finely rugose, with faint median line, pubescence sparse.
Elytra shining, with strial punctures in evident rows on dorsal area but

<lOS FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

not coarse; interspaces with irregular, fine punctures, Becoming equal
and confused, with strial punctures on lateral area; declivity steep, flat,
with first interspace not elevated. Male with front flat, shining, faintly
rugose; declivity broadly retuse, interspace 1 slightly elevated. Length,
female, 1.8 mm.

Florida in A noun sp. ; May 14.

X. LYMAXTOR Lovendal, ISSJI. (Gr., "destructive.")

Differs from Xi/loclcptcs by 4-jointed funicle; club with two
sutures on anterior and one subapical suture on posterior face;
also by simple eyes.

9G5 (9120). LYMAXTOR DECIPIEXS Lee., 1878, 624.

Slender, cylindrical. Brown, shining, sparsely clothed with erect
yellow hairs; antennae and legs yellow. Prothorax longer than wide,
slightly asperate in front with transverse rugosities; sides and behind
coarsely but not densely punctured; median line and a smooth space each
side well defined. Elytra of male coarsely punctured, punctures not ar-
ranged in rows; declivity nearly perpendicular, scarcely retuse. slightly
impressed along the suture, which is feebly elevated. Head convex, finely
punctured. Front tibia? moderately dilated, serrate with four or five very
small teeth. Sutures of antennal club long, curved, concentric with apical
margin, first joint glabrous, shining, elliptical in form. Length 1.3 mm.

Callander, Out., July; Pocono Lake, Pa., August. (Wcn~cl.}
Virginia, Michigan, Xew York, District of Columbia, rare. (Ulke.)
Food plants, Hicoria, Pyrus, Acer.

XI. COCCOTRYPES Eichhoff, 1878. (Gr., "berry" + "perforate.")
Antennal funicle 5-jointed, joint 5 much broader; club with
one or two sutures on anterior face and with or without one or
two on posterior face; anterior margin of pronotum with small
apical teeth ; eyes small, elliptical, emarginate. The males are
much smaller and rare.

KEY TO SPECIES OF COCCOTRYPES.

«. Antennal club suboblcng, without suture on posterior face, sutures on
anterior faces distinctly recurved.

b. Pronotum with smooth, punctured dorsal line. 966. ROBUSTUS.
fe&. Pronotum without smooth dorsal line or space; elytral interspaces

faintly to distinctly rugose toward middle and base.

967. PYGM^US.
aa. Antennal club broad, with sutures on posterior face.

c. Elytra not distinctly rugose toward base. 90S. BASSIVEVORTJS.
cc. Elytra densely rugose toward base. 969. DACTYLIPERDA.

966 (- -). COCCOTRYPES ROBUSTUS, Eich., 1871, 131.

Oblong, stout, cylindrical. Piceous-brown, thinly clothed with grayish
hair. Thorax semiorbiculate, gibbous, scabrous in front with scattered

TUIP.E I. CRYPHALIXI. 609

tubercles; behind and at sides finely, densely punctate. Elytra twice as
long as wide, deeply punctate-striate; intervals very finely multipunctate,
seriately setose. Byes subemarginate in front. Club of antennas with
transverse sutures almost straight. Length 2.0 — 2.8 mm.

North America, in Chapuis Collection. Cuba.

967 (— — ). COCCOTRYPES PTGM^US Eich., 1878, 310.

Oval. Piceous, almost shining, pilose. Thorax ovate, much shorter,
posteriorly cribrately exasperate with granules and longitudinal rugae.
Elytra equally convex, very roughly cribrate, finely lineato-punctate; in-
tervals alternately pilose with longer and shorter hairs in rows, apex sub-
striate. Length 2 mm.

Indian River, Fla. ; Horn collection. Lake Poinsett and Key
Largo, Fla., in sea beans. (Schwarz.} Eichhoff gives Madagas-
car, St. Domingo, Manila and Senegal.

968 (— — ). COCCOTRYPES BASSivEVORUS Hopkins, 1915-a, 47.

Body short, elliptical. Color reddish. Anterior margin of pronotum
serrate. Front subconvex, closely sulcate and with sparsely placed, erect
hairs. Elytra shining, striae in distinct rows; interspaces flat, faintly
rugose toward base and with regular row of fine punctures to declivity,
which is evenly convex, the stria? not impressed, striae and interspaces sub-
equally punctured in rows, stria? with distinct rows of short, reclining
hairs from base to apex. Length, female, 2.2 mm.

Botanic Garden, District of Columbia, in seed pods of Bassia
hit if olia, July 31.

969 (11,245). COCCOTRYPES DACTYLIPERDA Fabr., 1801, II, 387.

Oblong-oval. Brown, hairy, antennae brownish-testaceous. Club or-
bicular, glabrous at base, paler and pubescent at apex, externally with
curved sutures but solid and smooth internally. Head small, brown, mod-
erately convex in front, cribrately longitudinally strigose, clothed spar-
ingly with hairs which are longer in male; eyes oblong, subsinuate in
front. Thorax short, subovate, longer than broad, narrowed in front,
rounded at apex, disc convex, entirely roughly granulate-punctate, clothed
with long pale hairs. Elytra oval, with rows of fine punctures, clothed
with alternate rows of longer and shorter hairs, declivity convex, entirely
free of tubercles. Length, female, 2 — 2.5 mm.; male, 1.5 — 2 mm.

District of Columbia, found occasionally in fruit stores.
(Ulke.} A native of Asia and Africa, living in seeds of dates
and betelnnt (Areca catechu], which has been spread over the
c'vilized countries by commerce.

XII. SPERMATOPLEX Hopkins, 1915-a. ( Gr., "seed" -j- twine.")

Antennal fimicle 5-jointed, joint 5 broader; club oval, with
one bisinuate suture on anterior and two procurved ones on poste-

CIO FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

rior face; eyes large, broad, scarcely emarginate ; anterior mat-
gin of pronotum smooth.

970 (- -). SPERMATOPLEX EHIZOPHOE.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 48.

Oblong, suboval. Dark reddish-brown. Pronotum darker, sides
rounded, anterior area with rugosities fine, even, and extending to lateral
margin, posterior dorsal and lateral areas shining, with rugosities finer
and sparser, extending to base, not punctured. Front narrow, slightly
produced, sparsely punctured and with median shining impression and
sparsely placed long hairs. Elytra with sides straight from base to mid-
dle, faintly rounded to apex, striae Impressed, punctures moderately
coarse; interspaces convex, with rows of faint, sparsely placed punctures;
declivity oblique, with interspace 1 slightly elevated, stria 1 rather deeply
impressed. Male with body oval, clothed with very long hairs; legs ex-
ceedingly long, anterior tibiae scarcely broader; head with front narrow,
convex, shining, nearly smooth; pronotum shining with rugosities absent
or obscure. Length, female. 2.85 mm.; male, 1.6 mm.

Miami, Fla., in R1iizoi>li<»'<i imunjlc ; November.

XIII. DRYOCCETES Eichlioff, 1804. (Gr., "tree" + "cultivated." »
Tarsi with first three joints almost equal, simple; club sub-
globose and subanuulate, obliquely truncate, with or without su-
tures on posterior face and with one or two procurved sutures
on anterior face; thorax less prolonged over the head than usual,
almost equally roughly punctate over entire disc ; anterior margin
smooth; elytra simply convex on declivity, except that the sutural
stria is usually impressed; tibia? strongly serrate; eyes oblong,
elliptical, emarginate. Female with front pubescent; male with
front broad, subglabrous. The species mine under green bark
of logs, stumps and dying trees, especially spruce, birch and
cherry.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF DRYOCCETES.

a. Antennal club with more or less distinct sutures on posterior face.
6. Pronotum with sides nearly straight, the basal angles not strongly
rounded; disc with posterior area distinctly punctured.

971. CARYI.
bb. Pronotum with sides rounded, the basal angles strongly rounded,

dorsal area not punctured.

c. Elytral declivity with interspace 1 strongly elevated and stria 1

deeply impressed. 972. GRAXICOLLIS.

cc. Elytral declivity with interspace 1 slightly or not at all elevated,

and stria 1 slightly or not at all impressed.

'/. Pronotum with punctures of posterior dorsal area not extending
toward or to side margin; front of female with dense pubes-
cence.
e. Pronotal punctures limited to median dorsal area.

973. RETUL.^.
ee. Pronotal punctures not limited to median dorsal area.

974. LlytTIDAMBARIS.

dd. Pronotum with punctures of posterior dorsal area extending

TRIBE I. CRYPHALIXI. 611

toward or to the lateral margin; front of female with sparse
pubescence. 975. AMERICAISUS.

GO. Antennal club without sutures on posterior face.

f. Length not exceeding 2.8 mm. (range 2.3 — 2.75 mm.) 976. PICE.-E.
//. Length commonly exceeding 2.8 mm. (range 2.45 — 3.25 mm.)

977. AFFABER.

971 (— — ). DRYOCCETES CARYI Hopkins, 1915-a, 50.

Body oblong, elliptical, ferruginous. Pronotal rugosities fine, densely
placed and changing to rugose punctures to base. Front flat, shining, dis-
tinctly and evenly punctured and with a few long hairs toward sides, with
faint median line. Elytral declivity steep, subconvex, interspace 1 ele-
vated, 2 and 3 flat, stria? with coarse punctures. Female front flattened,
slightly more pubescent than in male; declivity more opaque and inter-
space 1 not so strongly elevated. Length, male, 2.15 mm.

Camp Caribou, Maine, in Picea sp., May 25.

972 (9118). DRYOCCETES GRANICOLLIS Lee., 1868, 162.
Elongate-cylindrical. Ferruginous, sparsely clothed with erect hairs.

Head with a few granules and punctures. Thorax longer than wide,
densely granulate on the whole surface, scarcely more strongly in front
than behind, smooth dorsal line narrow, hardly visible. Elytra with rows
of large quadrate punctures; intervals narrow, with single rows of small
punctures, sutural stria well impressed; tip obliquely declivous, not flat-
tened, but slightly retuse from the depth of the subsutural furrow. Male
with only a few hairs in front; female with front thickly covered with
long yellow hairs. Length 2 mm.

Described from the mountains of Sullivan Co., Pa. District
of Columbia, rare. (Ulke.) West Virginia, mining under green
bark on stumps, logs and dying trees of black spruce, adults.
March — Sept. (Hopl-ins.) New Jersey, found under bark of
chestnut, near roots. (Cltittenden.) Food plants, Picea, Cas-
tanea, Juglans cinerea.

973 (- -). DRYOCCETES BETUL.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 50.

Oblong, elliptical. Elytra dark reddish-brown. Pronotum darker and
with rugosities fine and regular to base, changing to
rather coarse punctures, dorsal punctures rugose, median
line obscure except toward base, posterior dorsal area
nearly glabrous, anterior area and sides sparsely pubes-
cent. Front broad, flat, densely clothed with long yellow
pubescence, longer toward the margins. Elytra with in-
terspaces fine and in distinct rows, striaa not impressed,
punctures coarse, declivity steep, shining, flat, interspace
1 broad, slightly elevated, 2 broad, flat, slightly impressed,
3 narrow, faintly elevated, all with a row of granules;
strial punctures coarse, faintly impressed; pubescence
sparse and longer on declivity. Male, declivity more
pig. 145 Dryo- shmin& and with less evident granules; front broad, con-
ccetcs aiitographus Vex, faintly rugosely punctured, slightly impressed anJ

Ratz. A European .

species. x 9- shining, with faint median impression and a few long
ter Hage- hairs. Length 2.4 — 4.5 mm.

612 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

Grant Co., Va., in Betula sp. ; July 9. New York, Montreal
Island. Food plant, Betula lutea. (Swaine.) Resembles D. au-
tograplius Ratz. (Fig. 145) in size and sculpture; the principal
difference being in the secondary sexual characters, which are
rather prominent in betulce and obscure in autographus. Male
with head more convex in front and with only a few long hairs;
female with front slightly depressed and thickly covered with
long yellow hairs.

974 (— — ). DRYOCOETES LIQTTIDAMBARIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 51.

Oblong-elliptical. Color dark reddish. Pronotum with moderately
long pubescence on anterior dorsal area and lateral margin, pronotal ru-
gosities fine and extending to base on lateral margin, posterior dorsal
area distinctly punctured, becoming rugose toward the basal angle. Front
iDroad, flat, with moderately dense, golden yellow pubescence. Elytra
with punctures of interspaces in irregular rows, impressed; declivity
shining, steep, flattened, interspace 1 broad, slightly elevated, 2 broad,
flat, 3 narrow, each with a row of rather coarse granules; pubescence
sparse, not very long, even on declivity. Male, declivity more shining
and almost without granules; front broad, subconvex, anterior half flat
with faint carina, posterior and lateral margins with a few long hairs.
Length 3.4 — 4.2 mm.

Virginia Beach. Va.., in Liquidamlxir Kli/raciflua L. ; Nov. 26.

975 f- -). DRYoofETKs AMKRICANVS Hopkins, 1915-a, 51.

Oblong, elliptical. Reddish-brown. Pronotum with fine regular ru-
gosities extending to basal angles, median and posterior dorsal areas with
coarse punctures extending toward basal angle, dorsal line distinct. Front
Convex, subgranulate, with a few long hairs and with short anterior
median elevated line. Elytral striae faintly impressed, punctures coarse;
interspaces narrow with moderately coarse, irregular punctures; declivity
subconvex, interspace 1 faintly elevated, second and third equal in width,
not impressed or elevated, each with a row of fine granules, pubescence
sparse and moderately long, stria 1 faintly impressed. Male, front very
broad, convex, anterior area flattened, shining, with a few hairs; de-
clivity more shining, smoother, striae less distinctly impressed than in
female, but each interspace with rows of faint granules. Length 2.9 —
4.1 mm.

Cheat Bridge, Randolph Co., W. Ya., in Picea mbais: Sep-
tember. Steubeu and Posey counties, Ind., rare; May 13 — June
IT; beneath bark of dead tamarack, Lariir laricitia DuRoi in
Steuben Co. West Virginia, under bark of dead Abies cxcclsa.
(Pierce.} Mines under green bark on logs, stumps and dying
trees of black and Norway spruce; adults March, May. (Hop-
kins.} Pocono Lake, Pa., August. (Wc)i~<'l.} This is the eastern
North American species heretofore confused with the European
species D. autof/raplius Ratz. The latter occurs throughout

TRIBE I. CRYPIIALIXI. 613

Europe and Japan and has been reported from northern America,
Alaska, H. B. T., Canada, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Vir-
ginia and New Mexico in pine and fir. These references, how-
ever, probably relate to D. cunericanus. P. septentrionus Mann,
Lee., etc., is a synonym of autograph us.

976 (— — ). DUYOCCETES PICE^E Hopkins, 1915-a, 51.

Oblong, elliptical. Reddish-brown; pronotum and elytra clothed with
long, erect hairs, becoming longer toward sides and declivity; front
densely clothed with long yellow hairs. Pronotum finely granulate
throughout, excepting a faint median line. Elytral striae not impressed,
punctures in approximate rows; interspaces equally punctured, causing
the appearance of confused punctures; declivity steep, somewhat flattened,
interspace 1 faintly elevated, 2 flat, faintly impressed, each with a faint
row of granules, stria? 1 and 2 distinctly punctured. Male, front con-
vex, with posterior median shining space and a few long hairs toward the
sides; declivity slightly more impressed, with interspacial granules
coarser. Length 2.3 — 2.75 mm.

North Carolina to Canada, westward to Michigan. Closely
allied to D. affabcr Mann.

977 (9117). DRYOCCETES AFFABER Mann., 1852, 339.

Oblong. Brown, almost shining, pilose with yellowish hairs. Thorax
semi-elliptical, narrowed in front, almost equally roughly granulate,
slightly more asperate in front. Elytra feebly striate-punctate, intervals
somewhat irregularly punctate, apex obtusely rounded, impressed especi-
ally on declivity in subsutural stria. Length 3 mm.

Quebec, Virginia, Lake Superior, Colorado and Alaska, B. C.
Food plants, Pimis, Picea and Abies. Bores in terminal shoots
of white pine and cones of red pine. (Pierce.} D. plcece is dis-
tinguished by its smaller size and distribution.

XIV. AMBROSIODMUS Hopkins, 1915-a.
(Gr., "ambrosia" 4- "eater.")

Joint 2 of fnnicle as long as 3 and 4 together, 5 much broader;
club nearly as broad as long, with sutures on anterior and poste-
rior faces ; eyes short, elliptical, emarginate.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF AMBROSIODMUS.

a. Antennal club with two sutures on posterior face; elytral declivity

unarmed. 978. LINDER^E.

aa. Antennal club with one suture on posterior face; elytral declivity

armed.

1). Elytra with strial punctures coarse. 979. LECONTEI.

66. Elytra with strial punctures fine. 980. TACHYGRAPHUS.

978. (— -). AMBROSIODMUS LIXDER.E Hopkins, 1915-a, 56.

Female, body elliptical, light reddish-brown. Pronotum slightly
broader than long, sides faintly rounded, anterior margin obtusely

614 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

rounded, unarmed, rugosities coarser on the anterior area, becoming
finer and sparser to the base, which is more shining. Front flat, opaque,
with faint median shining line. Elytra and declivity shining, stria not
impressed, punctures fine, in distinct rows; interspaces smooth and ir-
regularly punctured; declivity steep, subconvex, interspace 3 with a few
minute granules, apex obtusely rounded, with slightly elevated, subacute
margin. Male, body short, stout, reddish-brown, clothed with long, erect
hairs, longer on sides. Pronotum darker, subquadrate, one-third broader
than long, flattened, opaque, alutaceous, scarcely rugose. Head small,
front broader than long, opaque, with faint posterior elevation. Elytra
globular, dorsal area broadly rounded from base to apex; declivity convex,
broadly rounded from vertex to apex, which is narrowed and retuse, "its
posterior lateral margin not elevated; striae in approximate rows but con-
fused on declivity, which is without granules. Length, female, 2.4 mm.;
male, 1.85 mm.

Rosslyn, Ya., in Litidcra sp. ; May 8. Male reared at Wash-
ington, I>. C., Sept 30.

979 (— — ). AMUROSIODMUS LECONTEI Hopkins. 1915-a, 56.

Elliptical, dark, reddish-brown. Pronotum lighter, broader than long,
posterior dorsal area subopaque, lateral area shining, becoming smoother
and punctured toward posterior angle. Front subopaque, rugosely punc-
tured and with median shining line. Elytral strife with coarse and
rather deep punctures; interspaces narrow and irregularly punctured; de-
clivity convex, faintly impressed to middle, interspace 2 armed with two
acute denticles, 3 to 6 granulate, apex obtusely rounded, posterior and
lateral margins faintly elevated, smooth. Length, female, 2.85 mm.

Keene, Fla. (Hu~bl)ar<l & Rclnrarz) \ Hanlover, Fla., March 10.

980 (9103). AMBROSIODMUS TACHYGRAPHUS Zimm., 1868, 144.

Brown, antennae and feet ferruginous-yellow. Prothorax not longer
than wide, thinly pubescent, its front obtusely rounded, nearly flat, sur-
face finely rugose to base, the posterior lateral area smooth, shining and
punctured. Elytral punctures not deep or very distinct, declivity moderately
steep, convex; interspace 1 faintly retuse, nearly smooth, 3 armed with
two or three denticles, 4 to 6 roughened with granules. Male, body short,
stout, light brown. Pronotum much broader than long, flattened, sides
strongly rounded, apical margin faintly retuse, surface shining and very
faintly rugose, except toward base which is opaque and with a median
marginal obtuse elevation. Elytra globular, broadly rounded from base to
apex, strial punctures fine and in faint rows from base to anterior area
of declivity; posterior area somewhat flattened, faintly granulate. Male
reared Sept. 30 by H. F. Wilson in Betula sp. Length, female, 2 mm.;
male, 1.95 mm.

Dunedin. Fla., rare; April 1. Described from North Caro-
lina. District of Columbia, boring in Acer dasycarpum and
other trees on shore of river. Recorded from Pennsylvania, New
York, Middle and Southern States. Food plants, Liriodendron ,
Acer, Fagiis, Ccrcls and Rhus.

TRIBE I. CRYI'IIALIXI. 615

XV. XYLEBORUS Eichhoff, 1864. (Gr., "wood" -f "eat.")

This genus, as restricted by Dr. Hopkins, is distinguished by
the 5-jointed funicle, with joint 5 short and broad; clnb short,
broad, anterior face obliquely truncate, with one or two recurved
sutures, posterior face without sutures ; pronotum longer than
broad, with sides parallel or slightly narrowed toward base,
apical margin broadly rounded, without serrations ; eyes ellip-
tical, emarginate. These insects enter green sap and heart wood
of logs, stumps and injured and living trees, mainly hardwood
of many species, causing black "piuholes," a serious damage to
lumber.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF XYLEBORUS.

a. Apex of elytra obtuse, with a prominent acute granule each side,
ft. Declivity with interspace 1 unarmed, interspace 3 armed with acute
granules toward apex. 981. QUERCUS.

?)?;. Declivity with interspaces 1 and 3 armed with rows of granules.

c. Elytral intervals faintly rugose and subopaque. 982. SAXESENI.
cc. Elytral intervals smooth and shining.

<7. Declivity with interspace 2 scarcely impressed. 983. PECANIS.
(Id. Declivity with interspace 2 strongly impressed.

984. FLORIDENSIS.

flo. Apex of elytra broadly to subacuminately rounded, without prominent

granules or tooth each side of apex.
e. Elytral declivity interspace 1 armed with granules.

f. Declivity opaque, with rows of shining discs in place of strial

puncture?.

g. Pronotum flat, longitudinally impressed. 985. PLANICOLLTS.
gg. Pronotum convex. 986. INEKMTS.

//. Declivity subopaque, with obscure rows of shallow punctures.

987. AFFIXIS.
iff. Declivity shining.

7(. Declivity oblique, flattened to subconvex, sublateral margin

acute.

i. Declivity flat, strial punctures fine. 988. RTLEYI.

ii. Declivity subconvex.

j. Elytra glabrous toward base, stria? indistinct.

989. HTJBBARDI.

j}. Elytra sparsely pubescent toward base, striae distinct.

990. SCHWARZI.

Hfi. Declivity convex, sublateral margin obtuse.

fc. Stria? scarcely impressed, punctures fine. 991. HOWARDI.

/cTc. Striae impressed, punctures moderately coarse.

1. Pronotum with subeiongate dorsal elevation. 992. FITCHI.
II. Pronotum with round dorsal elevation. 993. XYLOGRAPHUS.
ee. Elytral declivity interspace 1 unarmed.

m. Declivity shining, apex not obtusely rounded.

n. Declivity subconvex, with two coarser denticles on third in-
terspace. 994.

01 fi

FAMILY IV.

nn. Declivity retuse, with 1 to 3 coarse denticles on third inter-

space.
o. Pronotum convex.

p. Declivity with interspace 1 distinctly elevated and inter-

space 2 impressed. 995. IMPRESSUS.

pp. Declivity with interspaces 1 and 2 flat, strial and inter-

spacial punctures subequal, subconfused. 99G. XYSS.E.

ppp. Declivity with interspace 1 slightly elevated, 2 flat; punc-

tures of striae coarse, impressed. 997. FUSCATUS.

oo. Pronotum flat. 998. VIDUUS.

mm. Declivity subopaque, apex obtusely rounded. 999. CELSVS.

981 (- -). XYLKISORUS QUERCUS Hopkins, 1915-a, G3.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark brown. Pronotum with sides slightly nar-
rowed toward base, anterior rugosities fine, closely placed, confused;
median and posterior dorsal areas glabrous and shining, lateral area sub-
opaque, faintly and closely punctured. Front broad, convex, opaque, with
faint median line. Elytral strife obscure; declivity opaque, faintly broadly
impressed; interspace 1 flat, unarmed, 3 not elevated, armed with two or
three small granules toward the vertex and one slightly larger toward the
apex, posterior lateral margin serrate. Length, female, 1.9 mm.

Baxterville, Mississippi, in

x sp.

982 (- -). XYLEBORUS SAXESEXI Ratz., 1837, 167.

"Female elongate, blackish or brownish-piceous, almost shining, thinly
clothed with pale pubescence. Thorax oblong, smooth behind. Elytra
feebly punctate-striate, intervals uniseriately punctulate, tuberculate be-
hind; apex declivous almost rounded, pruinose; suture and intervals 3
and 4 uniseriately cribrately tuberculate, second subsulcate, smooth. Length
2 — 2.5 mm. Male shorter, brownish-testaceous, with longer pubescence,
convex, subdepressed. Length 1.5 mm." (Eichhoff.) "Elytral inter-
spaces faintly rugose and subopaque, declivity with interspace 2 not
strongly impressed, and interspace 1 not strongly elevated, punctures of
striae 1 and 2 obscure." (Hopkins.)

An introduced European species taken in Mississippi in June

with which JT. xylographus Say
has been in part confused by
Hnbbard and other authors.
Hubbard (1897, 24—25) states
that the young are assembled in
a brood chamber at the end of
a gallery penetrating into the
heartwood, standing vertically
on edge, parallel with the grain,
wlth little more space between
its walls than the thickness of
the beetle's body. The entire
surface of the Avails of this chamber is plastered with ambrosia

Fig. 146. Ambrosia of
graphus Say. Greatly enlarged.
Hubbard.)

xylo-
(After

TRIBE I. CRYPHALIXI. G17

fungus, consisting of short, erect stems, terminating in spherical
conidia. (Fig. 146.) Freshly grown it is colorless but usually
greenish-yellow, resembling sublimed sulphur. The brood cham-
ber is packed at times with eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. The
larvae aid in extending the chamber, the wood passing through
their bodies becoming mustard-yellow in color; great quantities
of this excrement are ejected from the openings to the colony,
but a portion is retained to form a bed for new crops of food
fungus. Sometimes the remains of deceased members are found
in a deep recess, with the mutilated remains of predatory beetles.
This species feeds only in dying trees and generally trunks of
large size. Oak, hickory, beech and maple seem to be preferred.
It does much injury to timber, and in cut lumber the broad, flat
chambers produce defects that cannot be remedied by plugging.

983 (— -). XYLEBOKUS TECANIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 63.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark reddish-brown. Pronotum with sides parallel,
rugosities fine, with small, shining, median elevation and posterior dor-
sal and lateral areas smooth, shining, glabrous. Front broad, subconvex,
opaque, alutaceous, with distinct median line. Elytra shining, with
strial punctures fine, in distinct rows; interspaces smooth and shining;
declivity opaque, subconvex, with interspaces 1 and 3 not elevated, but
with rows of granules, 2 flat, but not impressed and without punctures,
posterior lateral margins scarcely serrate. Male, light brown. Pronotum
subconvex, anterior area not impressed, with very fine rugosities; body
sparsely clothed with erect hairs; front narrow, subopaque. Elytra
shining, faintly punctured, declivity oblique; interspaces 1 and 3 faintly
elevated, 2 faintly impressed, granules very small. Length, female, 1.9
mm.; male, 1.5 mm.

Waynesboro, Mississippi, in Hicoria pecan Marsh.

984 (— — ). XYLEBORUS FLORIDEXSIS Hopkins, 1915-a, 63.

Oblong-elliptical. Yellowish-brown. Prouotuni with sides parallel,
anterior rugosities fine, with faint dorsal tubercle, median and posterior
dorsal areas subopaque, lateral area alutaceous. Front subconvex, aluta-
ceous, with faint median line. Elytra with stria? impressed on dorsal area,
punctures coarse; interspaces smooth and shining, faintly punctured;
declivity subconvex, interspaces 1 and 3 distinctly elevated, 2 impressed,
with strial punctures distinct, posterior lateral margin serrate. Length,
female, 2.3 mm.

Enterprise, Florida, May. (Hul)ltard & Schivarz.)

985 (9115). XYLEBORUS PLAXICOLLIS Zirnrn., 1868, 145.

Ferruginous; front smooth and flat. Prothorax almost as wide as
long, very finely and thickly punctured, not roughened in front out broadly
flattened; disc feebly and broadly sulcate and clothed on anterior half

618 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

with fine, silky hairs. Elytra with approximate, ill-defined rows of feeble
punctures; declivity flattened in male, with a few small, acute granules;
concave in female, with three or four prominent tubercles on the obtusely
elevated margin. Tibiae finely serrate below, coarsely so above, rounded
at tip. Funicle of antenna? stout, closely connected with club. Length
2 mm.

Described from Pennsylvania. Known also from Maryland
and District of Columbia. Swaine, following Hnbbard and
Blandford, treats jrtanicollis as a synonym of fnscatus Eich., and
gives the combined distribution as Xew Jersey to Texas, Guate-
mala and Columbia, and the food plants as Quercus, Hicoria,
Castanca, Jughnis and Phius (wine and vinegar casks). Hop-
kins considers planicollis as distinct, citing only the type locality,
"Pa." The figure of fuscalus male in Bull. 7, "Ambrosia Beetles
of the U. S.," actually represents this species.

986 (- -). XYLEBORUS INERMIS Eich., 1867, 401.

Elongate, cylindrical. Ferruginous-testaceous, shining, sparsely pub-
escent. Thorax oblong, disc subimpressed on each side, punctulate behind.
Elytra faintly uniseriately punctulate with broad interspaces, uniseriately
punctulate; apex declivous, depressed, flat, almost smooth, opaque, feebly
armed, faintly impressed at suture. Length 2.4 — 2.6 mm. (Eichhoff.)
Male, 1.8 mm. long, oblong-elliptical, light yellowish-brown. Pronotum
with sides parallel, anterior area broadly impressed, with anterior margin
scarcely produced with obtuse subapical tubercles, rugosities fine, ex-
tending to median broad elevation, posterior and lateral area shining,
faintly punctured. Front convex, subopaque, with anterior median shin-
ing space. Elytra with sides parallel to vertex, basal and lateral areas
shining, feebly punctured, declivity oblique, opaque, subconvex, striae
with faint shining discs, interspaces 1, 3 and 4 with a few granules, pub-
escence moderately long; head moderately large. (Hopkins.)

Eichhoff s types were from Tennessee and Cuba. Known also
from Monongalia Co., W. Va., in Cnstanea dentata ; July.
Maurer, N. J., May. Delaware Co., Pa., March, in chestnut.
(Wenzel.)

987 (- -). XYLEBORITS AFFINIS Eich., 1867, 401.

Subelongate. Brownish-testaceous, shining, with long gray pubes-
cence. Thorax oblong, disc to middle with obtuse tubercles, almost
smooth behind. Elytra cylindrical, very faintly irregularly punctate in
rows, sutural stria not impressed; apex obliquely declivous, subdepressed,
opaque, first and third interspaces with two remote tubercles, second un-
armed, subimpressed. Length 2.4 — 2.7 mm. Male, thorax excavated in
front, apex almost horned at middle; female, thorax cylindrical, convex,
apex rounded, entire. (Eichhoff.) Male, 2.25 mm. long, oblong-elliptical,
light brown. Pronotum broad, anterior area broadly impressed, apex
slightly produced 'into an obtuse tubercle, rugosities evident on anterior

TRIBE I. CRYPHALIXI. 619

area, dorsal and lateral areas smooth, shining, not punctured. Elytra
with lateral and dorsal areas shining, strial punctures moderately coarse,
irregular, subconfused, declivity oblique, opaque, interspace 2 faintly im-
pressed, 1 and 2 with rows of granules, pubescence short. (Hopkins.)

Type from North America or Cuba ex Schaum collection.
Morgantown, W. Va., in Qucrciis sp. ; January. Woodbury, N. J.,
April, in oak stumps. (Wcnzel.) Mexico, West Indies, Central
and South America.

Under the name "pubcsccns Zimrn." Hubbard gives the biology
of an insect which may be any one of three species, including
af finis. In this species a solitary female starts the galleries, in
each of which five or six eggs are deposited. The young, hatching,
feed upon the ambrosia which glistens on the walls like hoar
frost. The pupa* are formed lying free in the galleries and in
somewhat over a month from the egg the perfect beetles appear.
In time, besides the mother, 15 or 20 offspring females have be-
come adult, but only one or two males are commonly found.
A second generation may be started, but usually the seasoning
of the wood threatens failure of food fungus and the younger fe-
males depart to found new colonies in fresher tree trunks. The
deserted males sometimes establish bachelor colonies, Eichhoff re-
cording 50 or more packed in a single gallery. The ambrosia of
this species has short branching stems, terminated by single
spherical conidia; a brown stain accompanies the fungus. Many
kinds of trees are attacked, maple, orange, pine, oak and ash
being especially mentioned by Hubbard, but he admits difficulty
in distinguishing the species. The}' may be driven by hunger to
attack healthy trees, but it is only in the sapwood of dying tim-
ber that they succeed in establishing colonies.

988 (— — ). XYLEBORUS KILEYI Hopkins, 1915-a, 65.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark ferruginous. Pronotum with sides faintly
narrowed toward base, posterior dorsal and lateral areas shining and
rather distinctly punctured. Front opaque, with faint median line. Elytra
moderately shining, with strial punctures very fine, obscure, interspaces
flat, faintly and sparsely punctured; declivity shining, subconvex, with
interspaces scarcely elevated, 1 and 3 armed with coarse granules, punc-
tures in striae 1 and 2 evident, posterior lateral margin smooth. Length,
female, 2.3 mm.

Capron, Florida, April 25.

989 (— — ). XYLEBORVS HUBBARDI Hopkins, ]915-a, 65.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark ferruginous. Pronotum elongate, with sides
parallel, slightly narrowed toward base, posterior dorsal and lateral areas

620 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

shining, scarcely punctured. Front subopaque, with median line. Elytra,
shining, with strial punctures distinct on dorsal area but obscure on
lateral area, interspaces smooth, shining, scarcely punctured; declivity
subconvex, shining, granules of interspaces 1 and 3 moderately coarse,
interspace 2 flat, with strial punctures obscure; posterior lateral margin
faintly sparsely serrate. Length, female, 2.45 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Florida, February 7. (Hu'b'bard & Schivarz.)

990 (' — — ). XYLEBORUS SCHWARZI Hopkins, 1915-a, 65.

Elongate-elliptical. Ferruginous. Pronotum elongate, with sides par-
allel, posterior dorsal and lateral areas shining, scarcely punctured. Front
moderately broad, subopaque, with impressed punctures and median shin-
ing spot. Elytra shining, with strial punctures fine, but in distinct rows;
interspaces flat, with approximate rows of punctures; declivity subcon-
vex, shining, interspace 1 with row of moderately coarse granules, 3 with
two or three granules, interspace 2 flat, punctures evident; posterior
lateral margins not serrate. Length, female, 2.8 mm.

Key West, Florida, April. (Hubbard & KcJnrarz.)

991 (- -). XYLEBOKUS HOWARDI Hopkins, 1915-a, 65.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark ferruginous. Pronotum with sides parallel,
posterior dorsal and lateral areas shining, scarcely punctured. Front
flat, subopaque, with median line. Elytra shining, with strial punctures
moderately coarse and in distinct rows, interspaces flat, with row of fine
punctures; declivity convex, moderately steep, shining, interspaces 1 and
3 not elevated but armed with rows of granules; posterior lateral margin
obtuse, not serrate. Male, body elongate. Pronotum with dorsal area
broadly rounded from base to apex, which is slightly produced but without
apical tubercles, anterior area slightly flattened but not impressed and
with fine dorsal line extending from apical margin to beyond middle;
anterior area faintly rugose, posterior dorsal and lateral areas shining
and punctured. Elytra slightly narrower than prothorax, with punctures
subconfused; declivity convex, moderately oblique, with a few granules,
surface rugose, pubescent. Length, female, 2.35 mm.; male 1.95 mm.

Washington, D. C. This and the following species are closely
allied to xylograplms Say, differing especially in the smaller
size, the latter varying from 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

992 (- -). XYLEBORUS FITCIII Hopkins, 1915-a, 66.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark reddish-brown. Pronotum with sides slightly
narrowed toward base, dorsal tubercles prominent, subcarinate, posterior
dorsal and lateral area smooth, shining, faintly punctured. Front convex,
subopaque, faintly punctured, with faint median line. Elytra shining,
strial punctures fine, faintly impressed, distinct; interspaces with rows
of very fine, closely placed punctures; declivity convex, rather steep, with
strial punctures moderately distinct, interspaces 1 to 3 flat, armed with
a few granules, posterior lateral area obtuse, not serrate. Length, female,
2.45 mm.

Hyslop, Long Island, N. Y., in Piuus sp. ; July 25.

TRIBE I. CRYPHALINI.

621

993 (9110). XYLEBOBUS XYLOGRAPHUS Say, 1825, 256; ibid. II, 318.

"Cylindrical, ferruginous, shining, thinly pilose; thorax oblong, deeply
punctate behind; elytra deeply punctate-striate, intervals slightly convex,
uniseriately faintly punctulate; apex convex, declivity rounded, punctate-
striate, shining, suture and third interspace each with single tubercle,
second unarmed. Length 2.5 mm." (Eichhoff.) As pointed out by Hop-
kins, this description errs in giving the third interspace as tuberculate,
the first only being actually so. In separating howardi and fitchi,
"closely allied to xyloffraphus," he defines it by "elytral striae impressed
but not on lateral area, pronotum with round dorsal elevation, posterior
dorsal area distinctly punctured, elytral punctures moderately coarse, de-
clivity convex, shining, sublateral margin obtuse. Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.
(Fig. 147, C and D.)

A

Fig. 147. A, Monarthrwm fasciatun. Say; B, Monartltntm mall Fitch: C, Xvle-
borus .rylograpluis Say, female; D, same, male. All much enlarged. (After

Hubbard.)

Da Costa, Cape May C. H. and Auglesea, N. J., May — July, on
apple, ironwood and other deciduous trees. District of Columbia,
abundant on oak. Frequent in southern Indiana, scarce in the
northern counties; April 16 — -Nov. 22. Taken beneath bark of
hickory, oak and honey locust. Dunedin and Lake Okeechobee,
Florida, March 5 — 20. Occurs throughout the United States,
Canada, Europe and Japan. Food plants, Pinus, Hicoria, Quer-
cus, Fagus, Acer, Tsuga, Picea, Prunus, Pijrus.

994 (— -). XYLEBORUS SOLTAUI Hopkins, 1915-a, 66.

Oblong-elliptical. Ferruginous. Pronotum with posterior dorsal area
smooth, very shining, faintly punctured, lateral area subopaque. Front
broad, flat, opaque, scarcely punctured, with faint median line. Elytra
shining, with strial punctures very shallow, subquadrate, strife scarcely
impressed; interspaces narrow, smooth, shining, scarcely punctured; de-
clivity moderately steep, faintly impressed, interspace 1 with a few very
fine granules, 3 slightly elevated, with two moderately coarse granules,
posterior lateral margin faintly sparsely serrate. Length, female, 2.4 mm.

New Orleans, La. (Soltau.)

622 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

995 (9113). XYLEBORUS IMPBESSUS Eich., 1867, 400.

Elongate, cylindrical. Ferruginous, subopaque, clothed with grayish
hair. Thorax oblong, deeply, cribrately punctate behind. Elytra punctate in
rows, intervals uniseriately punctate; apex obliquely declivous, at suture
subsulcately retuse, with denticles on third interspace distant and acute,
the second almost in the middle of the declivity, larger, the third obsolete
behind, suture elevated, unarmed. Length 2 — 2.5 mm. (Eichlwff.) "De-
clivity with two prominent tubercles, and some very indistinct marginal
ones, elytra with rows of rather distinct punctures." (LeConte.)

Massachusetts, New Jersey and Georgia. Food plant, Finns.

996 (— -). XYLEBORUS XYSS^E Hopkins, 1915-a, 66.

Oblong-elliptical. Dark ferruginous. Pronotum with posterior dor-
sal area smooth, shining, faintly punctured, median and anterior lateral
areas rugose. Front moderately narrow, subconvex, opaque, sparsely
punctulate, tuberculate behind; apex declivous, flatly depressed, punctate,
irregular; interspaces with impressed punctures, causing the punctures to
appear confused; declivity interspace 1 flat, 3 scarcely elevated and with
stout submedian granules, posterior lateral margin not serrate. Length,
female, 2.4 mm.

Nichols, South Carolina, in Xi/ssa sp. ; March 26.

997 (9107). XYLEBORUS rrsr.vrus Eich., 1867, 400.

Subelongate, cylindrical. Fuscous ferruginous, shining, with gray pub-
escence. Thorax subquadrate, sparsely punctulate behind. Elytra paler
at base, twice as long as thorax, punctate-striate, intervals uniseriately
punctulate, tuberculate behind; apex declivous, flatly depressed, punctate,
with a large acute spinule in the middle, distant from suture, second in-
terspace unarmed, impressed. Length 3 mm. (Eichhoff.) Male, oblong-
elliptical, ferruginous. Pronotum slightly broader than elytra, anterior
area broadly and deeply impressed, faintly rugose, anterior margin
slightly produced but without distinct tubercles, and posterior lateral
area faintly punctured; front narrow, subopaque, with broad and deep
triangular impression extending to the vertex, pubescence coarse, mod-
erately long; elytral striae irregularly punctured in approximate rows; de-
clivity oblique, rugose, interspace 1 unarmed, 2 with one or two acute
granules, posterior lateral margins nearly smooth. (Hopkins.)

Southern half of Indiana, frequent; April 16— July 23. Sifted
from debris of rotten beech. Orange Mts., Ocean County, Wood-
bury and Five Mile Beach, N. J., April; in roots and stumps of
oak. District of Columbia, very common on oak. San ford,
Florida, Jan. 12 — March 25. Monongalia Co., W. Ya., in Quercus
alba, March. Ranges from New Jersey to North Carolina (type),
Texas, Guatemala and Columbia. Food plants, Quercus, in bark.
(Packard.) Eicoria, Castanca, Juf/lans cincrca, Finns, (wine and
vinegar casks ) . ( Swain e. )

TRIBE I. C'RYPHALINl. 623

998 (_ _). XYLEBORUS vinuus Eich., 1878, 391.

Described from male, locality doubtfully Brazil, the type received
through Kraatz from Germar, possibly of North American origin. Differs
by pronotum flat, anterior area not rugose but clothed with fine pubes-
cence, posterior area shining, distinctly punctured; elytral stria? obscure,
interspaces rugose; declivity with interspace 3 armed with three coarse
granules. Length 2.5 mm.

Included by Hopkins as North American, on specimens from
Florida and District of Columbia; not mentioned in Swaine's
catalogue.

999 (910G). XYLEBORUS CELSUS Eich., 18G7, 400.

Sublinear, cylindrical. Brownish-testaceous, shining, with pale pub-
escence. Thorax oblong, faintly punctate behind. Elytra feebly punctate-
striate, fourth interval broader, almost biseriately punctate behind, others
uniseriately punctate, apex truncate, ret use, flat, smooth, with four larger
teeth near suture and smaller granules near edge of declivity. Length
4.5 mm. (EicJihoff.) Male, oblong-cylindrical, ferruginous. Pronotum
with sides subparallel, subacuminate to apex, which is obtusely produced,
anterior area flattened, faintlv impressed, rugosities fine, posterior and
lateral areas smooth, shining. Front subopaque, with median shining im-
pression. Elytra with strial punctures obscure, irregular, dorsal area
rugosely punctured toward vertex; declivity steep, flat, shining, with
interspace 1 broad and flat, armed with two teeth toward middle and one
on vertex, interspace 3 forming the lateral margin with three or four
small granules, posterior lateral margin obtuse, not serrate. Length,
male, 2.7 mm.

Lawrence, Crawford and Posey counties. Ind. ; May 23 — Sept.
8. Orange Mts. and Da Costa, X. J., June, at light and breeding
in hickory. Upper Darby, Pa., October, chopped from dead
hickory six or seven inches below surface. (Weuzcl.) District
of Columbia and Morgantown, W. Ya., in Hlcorla. The adults
excavate long, branching galleries in dying trees and logs of
hickory; bores in oak bark. (Packard.)

This, according to Hubbard, is the largest American species,
and is found only in hickory. The galleries have a short entrance
passage, from the end of which radiate numerous branches, pen-
etrating deeply into the heartwood and promoting decay. The
galleries are blackened as if by fire. The ambrosia consists of
club-shaped stems, growing upright in dense clusters, tinged at
base with an umber brown discoloration. The .young and adults
live socially in the galleries and the pupse are formed lying' free
in the passages. The male was described by LeConte under the
name biographus.

()1.'4 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIM3.

XVI. ANISANDRUS Ferrari, 1867. (Gr., "unequal" + "sex.")

Joint 5 of funicle much broader than 2; club oblong-oval,
posterior half of anterior face cylindrical and chitinous, anterior
half obliquely truncate, posterior face chitinous throughout, with-
out sutures ; pronotum broader than long, anterior margin broadly
rounded and serrate; eyes oblong-elliptical, deeply emarginate.
The stouter form of body and longer and more slender scape also
help in separating from Xylcborus, the minute and humpbacked
males being very peculiar.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF AXISAXDRUS.

a. Pronotum with posterior area shining. 1000. ZIMMERMAXXI.

aa. Pronotum with posterior area opaque, alutaceous.

6. Pronotum with sides and basal angles not strongly rounded.
c. Declivity with lateral acute margins not armed.

(I. Dorsal area of pronotum more distinctly punctured.

1001. MIXOR.
dd. Lateral area of pronotum more distinctly punctured.

1002. SAYI.

cc. Declivity with lateral acute margin armed. 1003. OBESUS.

lib. Pronotum with sides and basal angles strongly rounded.

1004. PYRI.

1000 (- -). AXISAXDRUS ZIMMERMANXI Hopkins, 1915-a, 68.

Female, short, elliptical. Dark brown, shining. Pronotum with an-
terior rugosities extending to middle and lateral margin, posterior dorsal
and lateral areas smooth, shining, not punctured, posterior lateral mar-
gin acute, anterior margin serrate. Front convex, shining, with faint,
median carina, sparsely punctured. Elytra with striae not impressed,
faintly and closely punctured; interspaces smooth, shining, not punctured;
declivity convex, smooth, shining, stria? not impressed, punctures distinct,
posterior lateral margin acute, very faintly serrate. Male, light brown.
Pronotum much broader than elytra, quadrate, shining, faintly rugose on
the anterior lateral areas, anterior margin with apex faintly produced;
front narrow, flat, smooth, shining. Elytra narrower than pronotum,
with sides rounded and narrowed from base to apex, declivity oblique,
convex from near base to apex, subopaque and rugosely punctured, base
smooth and shining, pubescence to declivity short, sparse, erect. Length,
male, 0.82 mm.; female, 1.5 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Florida. (Hnlrfiard £ Rc-Jnra r.~. }

1001 (- -). AXISAXDRUS MIXOR Swaine, 1910-a, 164.

Female, front convex, punctured, sparsely hairy, with epistomal fringe,
median carina very faint. Pronotum from above, slightly wider than
long, truncate behind, slightly rounded on sides, broadly rounded in
front; asperate in front, sparsely punctured behind, with faintest trace of
median carina, sparsely hairy. Elytra hairy, rows of punctures slightly

TRII'.E I. CUYPIIAMNI. 025

impressed, noticeably so on the declivity; punctures of the rows more
widely spaced than in (Us par, usually separated by more than their own
diameters; interspaces wide, with irregular, very fine punctures replaced
by minute granules behind; seventh ridged behind and forming, as in
dispar, the ventral margin of declivity, but with a few acute granules.
Male, front sparsely punctured and with long hairs; carina slightly de-
veloped; epistomal fringe longer and thinner than in obesus Lee. Prono-
tum with asperations sparse but well developed, caudal half punctured as
usual, smooth median space absent, outline from above broadly rounded
in front and behind, sparsely hairy. Length, female, 2.2 — 2.5 mm.

Montreal Island, Canada, in BctuJa sp. ; also St. Hilaire, Que-
bec. Ithaca, X. Y., Kennedy. W. Va. Fnlton Co., N. Y. ; June 2)1
Closely allied to *ai/i Hopkins.

1002 (- -). AXISANDRUS SAYT Hopkins, 191 5-a, 68.

Female, body short, elliptical. Elytra dark brown. Pronotum black,
rugosities extending to middle but not to side margin, sides scarcely
rounded, anterior margin broadly rounded, apex with two closely placed
small teeth, posterior dorsal and lateral areas opaque, punctures obscure
on dorsal, more evident on lateral area, basal angles with margin sub-
acute. Front convex, opaque, alutaceous, with faint anterior line and sparse
punctures. Elytra shining, pubescent, stria? not impressed; punctures
distinct, shallow and rather closely placed; interspaces with fine irreg-
ular punctures; declivity convex, subopaque, nearly smooth, with striag
faintly impressed, punctures coarse, interspaces with a few minute
granules; posterior lateral margin acute, slightly produced, but without
marginal teeth or granules. Male, body oval, light yellowish. Pronotum
subconvex, much narrower than elytra, sides rounded from base to apex,
anterior margin broadly rounded, acute-edged, anterior area faintly ru-
gose, posterior smooth, shining. Strial punctures fine and in approximate
rows, interspaces faintly punctured; declivity oblique, subconvex, some-
what flattened toward middle, pubescence short. Length, female, 2.8 mm.;
male, 1.2 mm.

Morgantown, West Virginia, in sassafras; September 21.

1003 (9105). AXISAXDRVS OBESUS Lee., 1868, 159.

Short and stout, cylindrical. Blackish-brown, thinly clothed with
long, soft erect pale hairs, antenna? reddish-brown. Head convex, coarsely
but not densely punctured. Prcthorax rather broader than long, strongly
roughened with subacute tubercles in front, nearly smooth behind. Elytr>
with rows of rather distant punctures, intervals flat, marked with small,
distant punctures from which proceed the long hairs; tip obliquely de-
clivous, not tuberculate, but with the strife somewhat impressed and side
and tip acutely margined. Length 3 mm. (LeConte.} KJlytral declivity
with lateral acute margins armed with teeth. (Hopkins.)

Canada to Virginia. Hopatcong and Lakewood, N. J. On-
tario, Canada, in freshly cut maple stumps. (Hubbard.} Food

626 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

plants, Quercus, Fagus, Tsuga, Pyrus. X. serratus Swaine
(1910-a, 162) is evidently synonymous. (Hopldns.}

1004 (9104). ANISANDRUS PTRI Peck, Mass. Agr. Journ., IV, 1817, 205.

Shining black, antennae, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous-yellow. Pro-
thorax covered in front with sharp tubercles arranged in transverse rows,
behind nearly smooth, the whole surface thinly covered with fine white
hairs. Elytra punctate-striate, obliquely flattened behind, the intervals
finely punctured and pubescent, the seventh acutely elevated toward the
tip, the elevations forming the acute margin of the declivity. Length, fe-
male, 2.7—3.2; male, 2 — 2.1 mm.

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania. Orange Mts., Auglesea and
Jamesburg, N. J., May, cut from birch shoots. (Wenzel.) Dis-
trict of Columbia, in apple. (Ulke.) Swaine (uniting dispar
and pyri] gives the distribution as Canada, Eastern and Middle
United States, Europe, Asia Minor and Siberia ; and food plants,
fruit trees, Betula, Fagus, Quercus, Tsuga, and in Europe, many
others. This species has a habit, shared according to Hubbard
by obesus and tacliygraplius, of making circular galleries in small
branches of healthy trees, encircling the pith and perpendicular
brood chambers which ascend or descend from the main gallery
parallel with the grain of the wood. Branches thus girdled are
killed beyond the point of attack. Pears and apples suffer from
its attacks from Nova Scotia southward. It also girdles young
trees of many kinds \vhich have been injured by fire.

The females of the European species, dispar Fab. (1792, 363) are
scarcely to be distinguished from those of pyri. The epistoma (mounted
in balsam) is emarginate in the middle, while that of pyri is sinuate.
The males of dispar are larger than those of pyri. the striae are more
deeply impressed and the interspaces have more or less regular rows of
small punctures. Length, dispar, female, 3.2 — 3.7 mm.; male, 2 — 2.2 mm.

Tribe II. IPINI.

Pronotum and elytra clothed with scales or hairs, very rarely
glabrous; abdominal sternite 7 with posterior margin rarely
rounded ; anterior tibiae broader toward apex or serrate on outer
margin; pronotuni with anterior dorsal area commonly rugose,
posteriorly more or less smooth; head concealed from above;
anterior tarsi with joint 3 simple.* (Fig. 139, B.)

*In this and the remaining tribes the results of Dr. Hopkins' studies are only
partially published: some changes in classification and the descriptions of some new
species will therefore appear later in the publications of the Department of Agriculture
and should be consulted by the student, our aim being to present only the data pub-
lished up to April, 1916.

TRIBE II. IPINI. 627

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA OF IPINI.

o. Base of thorax margined; declivity alike in both sexes.

I. PlTYOPHTHOKUS.

aa. Base of thorax not margined; declivity with larger teeth in male.

ft. Antennal club not pubescent on both sides. II. PITYOGENES.

6&. Antennal club pubescent both sides. III. IPS.

I. PITYOPHTHORUS Eichhoff, 1864. (Gr., "pine" -j- "destroyer.")

As defined by Hagedorn, this genus includes those species in
which the funicle is 5-jointed; antennal club with sutures (Fig.
137 C.) ; thorax longer than wide, unequally sculptured, rough-
ened in front, more or less smooth behind, its base bordered by a
fine raised line; elytra cylindrical, feebly sculptured, usually re-
tuse at declivity, alike in the two sexes. The species are small (2
mm. or less) beetles, for the most part infesting terminal twigs
of a variety of trees; the males are often provided with a con-
spicuous tuft of yellow hair on front of head, found also in some
species of Pityogcnes.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS.

a. Male with dense brush of long yellow hair on front of head (except

consimilis}.

b. Elytral punctures confused, not in distinct rows.
c. Elytral punctuation fine, surface pubescent.
(I. Elytral pubescence dense on declivity.

e. Pubescence sparse on basal area, denser on declivity, always
hair-like. 1005. MINUTISSIMUS.

ee. Pubescence moderately dense on basal area, denser on de-
clivity, always scale-like. 1006. PRUINOSITS.
dd. Elytra thinly clothed with short, erect, gray hairs.

1007. PUBERTJLUS.
oc. Elytra strongly punctured, pubescence sparse, long and erect.

1008. PULICARIITS.
6&. Elytral punctures arranged in more or less distinct rows.

/. Thorax smooth in posterior area. 1009. TOMENTOSUS.

ff. Thorax more or less punctate in posterior area.

g. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured in posterior area; as-
perities of anterior area arranged in more or less concentric
rows.
/(. Declivity of elytra flattened and retuse.

i. Asperities in sharply raised concentric lines; declivity
broadly sulcate, retuse, its suture and elevated margin
subtuberculate. 1010. CONCENTRALIS.

ii. Asperities less marked.

j. Margin of declivity sparsely crenate. 1011. CONSIMILIS.
jj. Margin of declivity simple. 1012. ANNECTENS.

hh. Declivity not flattened or retuse. 1013. SERTATUS.

gg. Thorax coarsely or rugosely punctate behind.

FA M ILY IV. SCOLYTID.E.

k. Declivity of elytra more or less concave.
7. Margin of declivity crenate or tuberculate.
m. Declivity retuse, deeply concave, margins crenate.

1014. PULCHELIATS.

mm. Declivity slightly retuse, broadly concave, margin with
three or four inequalities. 1015. rusio.

77. Margin of declivity simple.

n. A patch of thick yellow silky hair each side of thorax.

1016. COMATUS.

nn. Thorax without patch of hair. 1017. LATJTUS.

7,-T,-. Declivity feebly or not concave.

o. Declivity feebly concave. 1018. OBLIQUUS.

oo. Declivity not retuse or concave. 1019. OPACULUS.

aa. Male without brush of hair on front of head.*

p. Elytra strongly punctured, partly in rows; declivity strongly re-
tuse, a few asperities on elevation, suture deeply impressed on
declivity. 1020. CAKIXICEPS.

pp. Elytra with regular rows of coarse punctures; declivity hardly
retuse. 1021. COXTPERDA.

1005 (9062). PITYOPJITHORUS MixrTissmrs Zimm., 1868, 143.

Cylindrical, slender. Black, antennae and feet pale brown; front of
male clothed with long yellow hairs. Thorax roughly tuberculate in front,
smooth and shining behind. Elytra clothed with a fine, short gray pubes-
cence; behind obtusely rounded, without tubercles. Male, heac deeply
concave, edges of concavity fringed with long, yellow, silky hairs. Fe-
male, head punctured, slightly hairy. Length 1.6 — 1.8 mm.

Starke Co., Ind., rare; May 6 — 0. Ranges from Quebec and
New England to Michigan and Florida. Infests black-jack and
chestnut oaks and dogwood. In West Virginia this species enters
green and dead bark on injured and dead branches and tops of
trees, causing slight, if any damage. (Hopkins.) Throughout
New Jersey, in oak twigs; adults may be cut out any time during
the winter. (Smith.) District of Columbia, under oak bark.
Florida under oak bark in June. Felt (101)5) mentions the great
numbers of this species at Manor, N. Y., Oct. 3, mining the bark
of piled red oak cord wood, probably cut the preceding winter.
It runs its galleries transversely to the bark fibre, depositing
eggs on either side, the young hatching therefrom work at nearly
right angles to the parental grooves. The synonymy of pit stilus
Harris is stated bv Eichhoff.

*The last two species indicate a separate genus by the male characters (for which
see descriptions below) alone, for which no names are here supplied to avoid conflict
with unpublished descriptions of Dr. Hopkins. Some species heretofore cited as Pity-
ophthorus will be found elsewhere, e. g. futlhis in Pityogcnes, liispiduliis in Hypothcnc-
mus, etc. The following species cited in Smith's New Jersey List are undescribed, viz.,
bellus, fagi and frotitalis. The entire arrangement of the genus is provisional, based
solely on published descriptions, and will be superseded by the Department of Agricul-
ture publications later.

TRIBE II. IPIXI. 629

1006 (11,244). PITYOPHTHORUS PRUIXOSUS Eich., 1878, 198.

Subelongate, cylindrical. Piceous or brownish-ferruginous. Thorax
oblong-ovate, behind finely punctulate. Elytra finely punctulate, densely
clothed with short gray hairs, apex almost deplanate, suture subsulcate
on each. Male, front surrounded with very dense convergent yellow
hairs. Female, front sparsely clothed with gray hair. Length 2 mm.

Described from Carolina. Synonymous with this species is
probably Pityophthorits qiicrcipcrda Schwarz,* which has been
recorded from Feekskill, N. Y.. on felled oak (Sherman) ; Hem-
lock Falls, N. J., rare; Florida under oak bark in June. It occurs
in red oak, making- primary galleries, partly in the bark and
partly in the outermost layer of the wood, which exhibit peculiar
features; the female bores straight through the bark, then follows
a very short gallery vertically downward, which is crossed imme-
diately below the entrance hole by an extremely long transverse
gallery.

1007 (9082). PITYOPHTHORUS PUBERULUS Lee., 1868, 157.

Cylindrical, moderately slender. Black, thinly clothed with short,
erect gray hairs. Head slightly convex, punctulate. Thorax a little
longer than wide, slightly narrowed in front, feebly rounded on the sides,
broadly rounded at base and more strongly at tip, with reclinate tuber-
cles in front of middle, strongly but finely punctured at sides and behind.
Elytra about one-half longer than thorax, strongly but finely punctured,
but. not in rows; posterior declivity not at all flattened, slightly convex,
with a well marked sutural stria extending from tip one-third the length
of elytra, tip of suture slightly acute, but not acuminate. Somewhat re-
sembles minutissimus in form but smaller and much less finely punc-
tured and narrower. LeConte adds: "Easily distinguished by absence
of fringe of long hair on head," but doubtless drew his description from
female. Length less than 1.5 mm.

District of Columbia, Michigan, Ontario, New Jersey, Penn-
sylvania; April — Aug. Infests dying terminal twigs of pine;
West Virginia, mining under bark on dead trees; adults, July.
(Hopkins.} Perfect clouds of this insect were seen at Lake Su-
perior in 18T(> on a tract of burned white pine land. (Scliwarz.}
P. i it fans Eich. is a synonym.

lOOS (9070). PITYOPHTHORUS PULICABIUS Zimm., 1868, 144.

Brown or ferruginous, antennae and feet, yellow. Head thickly punc-
tured, with a slight, 'impression upon the front; joints 2 to 5 of funicle
closely connected, forming a pedicel to the club; anterior margin of male
thickly fringed with long yellow hair. Thorax somewhat longer than
wide, roughly tuberculate in front, thickly and finely punctured behind;

*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I, 56.

630 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID^E.

elytra strongly punctured, but not in rows, impressed along the suture
behind middle, the tip rounded. The form is stouter, size much smaller,
punctures coarser than in allied species. (LeConte.) Length 1 — 1.5 mm.

Tybee Island, Ga., June, July. (Wenzel.} Lake Okeeckobee,
Fla., March 8. Illinois, South Carolina. Ranges from New Jer-
sey to Florida in the coastwise states, June, August. Breeds in
pine twigs.

1009 (— — ). PITYOPHTHORUS TOMENTOSUS Eich., 1878, 201.

Oblong, subelongate. Piceous, almost shining, thinly pubescent with
very short hairs. Thorax oblong-ovate, almost constricted in front,
smooth behind. Elytra smooth, obliquely deplanately subretuse at apex.
Male, front densely clothed with yellow hair at sides. Length 1.5 mm.

Described from North America. Placed by Eichhoff next to

pusiUus.

1010 (11,242). PITYOPHTHOKUS coNCENTRALis Eich., 1878, 188.

Elongate. Ferruginous-testaceous, almost shining, sparsely clothed
with grayish hair. Thorax oblong, narrowed in front, almost constricted,
front part with elevated tubercles concentrically arranged, behind sparsely
feebly punctate. Elytra from base to apex almost equally deeply punc-
tato-striate, intervals narrow, impunctate; declivity as described in key.
Closely allied to P. consimiMs ; differs in the sharply raised concentric
lines on anterior part of thorax. Length 1.5 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Fla., under bark of Rhus. Abundant in semi-
tropical Florida on poison-wood (Rhus metopium}. (Scliwarz.')
Described from Cuba. By the co-operation of several parent
beetles a large central chamber of irregular outline is excavated
under the thin bark of the trunk or larger branches; several (two
to five) more or less undulating primary galleries radiate there-
from, the eggs being deposited singly in little indentations. The
larval galleries are short, either diverging in the usual way or
frequently intersecting each other, or even reverting to the central
chamber.

1011 (9076). PITYOPHTHORUS CONSIMILIS Lee., 1878, 622.

Yellow-brown, shining, with a few erect yellow hairs; elongate-cylin-
drical, of the same form and sculpture as P. annectens, except that the ob-
tuse elevation of apical declivity of elytra, and the corresponding part of
suture are sparsely crenate; antennae and legs yellow, form a trifle more
robust. Male, head flat, slightly pubescent, with a large, subquadrate,
densely punctured opaque spot occupying nearly the whole upper surface
and divided by a longitudinal impressed line; sides shining, sparsely
punctured. Female, head slightly convex, strongly punctured. Length
1.6 mm.

TUIIU-: ii. — IPINI. 631

Michigan. Described from Marquette and Detroit, Mich.
Ranges from Quebec and New York to Florida. Mines under
green bark on dying sumac; adults, June — November. (Hopkins.}
Infests sumac. Rims glabra, and poison ivy, Rhus toxicodendron,
primary galleries starting from a central chamber, but usually
following the longitudinal axis of the vine; the larval galleries
crowd and intersect each other so that the whole bark near the
central chamber is undermined. The oblique galleries of this
species in sumac are familiar and characteristic, but of little im-
portance except when the carved branches are utilized in rustic
structures. Ashmead has described a parasite (Cerocepliala
pityopJithori) reared from this species, with the assigned locality
Haw Creek, Fla. The females of this and the next species are
difficult to distinguish but the males differ in pubescence of
head. In annectens male the pubescence is yellow, very long,
forming a circular fringe and usually concealing the sculpture.
In consimilis male the pubescence is much shorter, of grayish
color, sparse anteriorly and more brush-like on posterior part of
head.

1012 (9075). PITYOPHTHORUS ANNECTENS Lee., 1878, G22.

Elongate-cylindrical. Brown, shining, with a very few slender, erect,
scarcely serrate yellow hairs. Thorax longer than wide, in front rough-
ened almost concentrically for about one-third the length, sides and base
finely sparsely punctured, punctures becoming larger as they approach
the roughened surface. Elytra with approximate rows of small punctures,
intervals transversely rugose; apical declivity retuse, deeply impressed
near suture, which is elevated, sutural tip rather acute; front tibiae with
two small teeth. Male, head broadly concave, opaque with shallow punc-
tures, concavity fringed with long yellow hairs. Female, head slightly
convex, strongly and deeply punctured. Length l.G mm.

Tampa, Fla., on yellow pine. District of Columbia, on pine.
"I fully believe that P. annectens will prove to live exclusively on
Finns palustris and allied species."

Doubtfully referred to this Floridian species is a species found by
Fitch under the bark of small sapling pines and by Packard (1890) un-
der bark of white pine at Providence, R. I. Fitch supposed it to be P. pusil-
lus Harris, ( a name since replaced by minutissimus) and was so impressed
by the intricacies of its work as to write: "How wonderful is nature, that
thus presents an interesting subject for our study in each particular track
an inch or two in length which a family of little worms make as they eat
their way along in the bark of a tree."

1013 (9085). PITYOPHTHORUS SERIATUS Lee., 1878, 433.

Elongate, cylindrical. Brown, shining, nearly glabrous, with only a
few scattered, erect hairs on the head, front of thorax and hind part of

632 FAMILY IV. SroLYTIlLi:.

elytra; antennae and legs testaceous. Head flat, opaque, indistinctly
punctulate, front feebly impressed and indistinctly carinate. Prothorax
quadrate, not longer than wide, rounded in front, anterior half with irreg-
ular transverse, subconcentric rows of granules, sides and base sparsely
but distinctly punctured. Elytra with striae composed of small punctures;
intervals wider than striae, alternate ones with four or five distinct punc-
tures of equal size with those of the striae; sutural stria slightly impressed.
Front and middle tibiae not serrate, hind tibiae with three or four very indis-
tinct traces of teeth and no range of spines or fringe of stiff hairs as in
P. obliquus. Length 1:5 mm.

Tampa, Fla., April, one specimen. Occurs on pine. {Rchicarz.}

1014 (9069). PITVOPHTHORUS PULCiiKLLrs Eich., 1868, 275.

Subelongate. Black, shining, almost glabrous. Thorax shortly ovate,
dilated toward base, in front almost equally rounded, narrowed, strongly
rugosely punctate behind, asperate with tubercles in front. Elytra cylin-
drical, narrower than thorax, striato-punctate; intervals distantly unise-
riately punctate, retuse behind and sulcate, the elevated suture and lateral
margin with a single row of granules, setose, sutural apex almost acumi-
nate. Length 1.5 mm.

Described from North America; the first of the c/cuits to be
ilrxt-rihrd. Known from Michigan, Pennsylvania, District of Col-
umbia and West Virginia. Food plants, Finns and Picea. Eich-
hoff (189G) states that P. Jiirtircps Lee. (1878, (;2.°,|, described
from Marqnette, Lake Superior, "is extremely close to, perhaps
identical with P. I'mlchelliis," and we have included its recorded
distribution with that of the latter species.

1015 (90SO). PITYOPHTHOKL-S pusio Lee., 1878, 623.

Cylindrical. Shining, piceous, with a few erect yellow hairs behind
middle of elytra. Prothorax not longer than wide, roughened in front al-
most to middle, strongly and densely punctured at sides and behind, with
a large, smooth, well defined dorsal space. Elytra with small punctures,
arranged in tolerably regular rows; declivity as described in key, and with
about three very small teeth; suture elevated, also with three or four
slight inequalities. Front tibiae with two very faint small teeth. Size and
form of P. pitlirarius, differs in elytral sculpture and declivity with sparse
crenations. Length 1.6 mm.

Described from Marquette, Michigan.

1016 (9086). PITYOPIITIIORUS COMATUS Zinim., 1868, 143.

"Brown, antenna? and legs yellow; front clothed more or less thickly
with silky hairs. Prothorax longer than wide, roughly tuberculate in front,
ornamented each side with a patch of thick yellow silky hair; elytra very
finely but distinctly punctate-striate, obtusely rounded at tip and without
tubercles. Length 1.8 mm." (Zimmerman.) The specimen is a male and
has the head nearly smooth, broadly and deeply concave, thinly fringed

TUH'.K II. IPINI. <»•'>•>

with not very long yellow hair. Easily recognized by the large elliptical
patch of yellow hair each side of prothorax and fine distant rows of elytral
punctures. Declivity not retuse, sutural stria deeply impressed. Club of
antennae divided by three distinct sutures." (LeConte.)

Described from South Carolina. Eichhoff (1878) copied the
Zimmerman description, since which time no reference to the
species appears in literature.

1017 (9081). PITYOPHTIIORUS LArxrs Eich., 1871, 135.

Subelongate. Ferruginous, almost shining, grayish-pubescent. Thorax
narrowed and asperate in front with tubercles and rugae concentrically ar-
ranged, deeply coarsely punctate behind. Elytra rugulose, deeply punctate-
striate, each deeply silicate at apex, suture more strongly elevated. Asperi-
ties of thorax arranged in four or five transverse rows, punctures of the
rows of the elytra larger, rows better defined, declivity retuse and deeply
sulcate along suture. Length l.G mm.

West Virginia, mining under bark on injured branches and
twigs; infests pine; adults, June, July. (Hopkins.) Texas.

1018 (9084). PITYOPHTIIORUS or.LiQuus Lee., 1878, 422.

Cylindrical, not slender. Dark brown, shining, thinly clothed with
fine long, erect pubescence; antenna? and legs ferruginous. Head flat,
opaque, indistinctly punctulate. Prothorax quadrate, scarcely longer than
wide, broadly rounded at apex, anterior one-fourth covered with obtuse
granules, not arranged in concentric lines, gradually changing behind into
fine, rugose, sparse punctuation. Elytra finely punctured, punctures ar-
ranged in approximate rows which in places are indistinct, apical decliv-
ity flattened, feebly convex each side of sutural stria, which is not very
distinct; there are also traces at the apex of two other stria?. Front and
middle tibia? not toothed, hind tibia? with a .marginal row of 7 or 8 small
acute spines, and a fringe of stiff long hairs. Length 2 mm.

Enterprise, Florida, June. One specimen.

1019 (9087). PITYOPHTIIORUS OPACULUS Lee., 1878, 623.

Cylindrical, slender. Testaceous, head and disc of prothorax darker,
legs and antenna? yellow. Head punctured. Anterior half of thorax rather
strongly asperate, sides and posterior half subrugosely punctulate, dorsal
line smooth, narrow. Elytra finely alutaceous, nearly opaque, marked
with scarcely perceptible distant stria? of very fine punctures; apical de-
clivity neither retuse nor concave, suture elevated, limited by a distinct
stria. Length 1.3 m.

Described from Marquette, Michigan.

1020 (9071). PITYOPHTHORUS CARixicEps Lee., 1876, 353.

Rather slender, cylindrical. Blackish-piceous, shining, pubescence
fine, sparse and erect, antenna? and legs yellow-brown. Club transversely
annulated with curved sutures, outer part of funicle indistinctly divided

634 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID.E.

into four parts. Head of male finely punctured, opaque, with two very
deep excavations, extending almost to the front margin, and separated by
a narrow, elevated longitudinal carina; eyes deeply and narrowly emar-
ginate. Thorax longer than wide, anterior half densely asperate, separated
from posterior half by a shallow transverse impression, posterior half shin-
ing, distinctly but not densely punctured, smooth dorsal line not elevated,
base distinctly margined. Elytra and declivity as described in key; suture
slightly impressed and marked with a row of punctures as far as declivity,
where it becomes smooth and deeply impressed, concavity smooth, broader
at tip; tibiae with two or three feeble teeth toward tip. Length 2.5 mm.

Michigan, Ontario, Pennsylvania. Western Maine to West
Virginia in terminal twigs of spruce, excavating many short,
radiating, curved galleries from a large central chamber in the
bark and surface of the wood of twigs and branches of dying trees,
and main stem of young dying red spruce. (Hopkins.) Evi-
dently a northern species and thus far quite rare; at Ithaca, N.
Y, under bark of small twigs of white pine, P. strolnis; Aug. 21
and October. (Chittenden.)

1021 (— — ). PITYOPHTHORUS coxiPERDA Schwarz, 1895, 144.

Cylindrical, less elongate. Shining, sparsely beset with rather long,
erect and serrate hairs; black, mouth parts, antennae and tarsi reddish-
testaceous, tibiae often reddish. Antennal scape straight, gradually thick-
ened apically, funicle 5-jointed, club large, ovate, on both sides shining
and sparsely pubescent, fringed with moderately long hairs, sutures nearly
straight, dividing it into three nearly equal parts. Head very shining,
with but a few hairs in both sexes; eyes large, acutely emarginate in
front. Thorax almost as wide as long, narrowed apically, anterior half
tuberculate, posterior half densely punctured, more densely hairy than
head. Elytra with sparse, long, erect pubescence; first and second inter-
vals very sparsely, uniseriately punctured, the others with regular series
of punctures; declivity moderately steep, not sulcate, traversed by a fine,
elevated subsutural stria, which is either crenulate or slightly tubercu-
late, and limited externally by a tuberculated ridge which is the continua-
tion of the second interval. Male, head smooth, except scattered punctures
near the eyes, and with a flattened tubercle on the clypeal margin, which
is continued posteriorly as a feeble ridge. Female, head with small scat-
tered punctures which become stronger and denser at sides. Length 2.7—
3.3 mm.

Canada, Michigan, Massachusetts, Virginia, New York, Penn-
sylvania; June, July, November. Develops within the cones of
pine trees. Synonymous with this species appears to be Dryo-
coetes sp. Hamilton,* which breeds in cones of Pinus strobus,
which normally grow to a length of six or seven inches; eggs
probably deposited in young cones which, from impaired vitality,
drop when three or four inches long, full grown larvae found in
July ; adults found Sept. 10.

*Can. Ent. XXV, 1893, 279.

TRIBE II. IPINI.

635

1022 (— -). PITYOPHTHORUS TUBEECULATUS Eich., 1879, 498.

A species found in West Virginia, mining under bark of terminal
twigs on young black spruce, Oct. 28, was determined by Eichhoff as iden-
tical with this California species.

II. PITYOGENES Bedel, 1888. (Gr., "pine" -f "bearded.")

This genus contains a few species now separated from Pityo-
phthorus by the teeth of the elytral declivity being much larger in
male than in female, while in both sexes the base of the pro-
thorax is without the fine raised line that borders it in the older
genus. (Fig. 137, A.) They bear a deceptive resemblance to
Xyleltorus and were all described in that genus by LeConte.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF PITYOGENES.

a. Declivity of elytra oblique, not sharply margined.
&. Declivity not punctured.

c. Elongate smooth dorsal space each side of thorax. 1023. HOPKINSI.

cc. Faint smooth dorsal carina at middle of thorax. 1024, PULLUS.

&6. Declivity punctured. 1025. PUNOTIPENNIS.

aa. Declivity of elytra nearly perpendicular. 102C. PLAGIATUS.

1023 (9068). PITYOGENES HOPKINSI Swaine, Tech, Publ. N. Y. Coll. For.,
1915, 8.

Elongate-cylindrical. Blackish-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with

very long, erect hairs; antennae and feet dark
ferruginous; head densely pilose, with long yel-
low hair in male. Prothorax a little longer than
wide, coarsely asperate in front, coarsely and
sparsely punctured behind, anterior margin
fringed with hairs which are half as long as
thorax. Elytra with rows of distant coarse
punctures, intervals with more distant but
equally coarse punctures; tip obliquely declivous,
impunctured, except in subsutural furrow, which
is well marked; face of declivity each side with
two large acute tubercles, and a third smaller
one at upper edge of slope, margin of slope with
three or four small denticles; extreme tip
slightly produced into an acute point. Tibiae with
only a few small teeth, front pair narrower than

Fig. 148. X 24.
(After Blackman.)

others. Easily known by smooth spot each side behind the middle of
thorax. Length 2 mm. (Fig. 148.)

P. sparsus Lee. (1868, 160), described from Lake Superior, is
said by Swaine to be misapplied to this, the most abundant bark
beetle in limbs of pine. Occurs in Canada, West Virginia and
Massachusetts, under white pine bark. In West Virginia mines

FA.MILY IV.

in green bark on tops of injured and dying pine; adults in April,
May and September. Orange Mts.. X. J., rare.* Has a deceptive
resemblance to the European eh(i1<-of/r<tpJuts.

1024 (906C). PiTYOffKXES I-ULLUS Zimrn., 1868, 143.

Dark brown, antenna? and feet ferruginous-yellow; front scarcely hairy.
Head of male strongly punctured, rather flat, broad but slightly concave in
front; of female, strongly punctured, uniformly convex, with a slight callus
in the front. Thorax roughly tuberculate in front, punctured behind, with
a faint, smooth dorsal carina. Elytra glabrous, distinctly punctured, but
not in rows, since the intervals between the rows are punctured as strongly
as the rows themselves; a faint longitudinal groove along the suture, tip
rounded; declivity almost without cusps, slightly more retuse in female
than in male, but the suture is strongly elevated in both and armed with
two or three slight spines. Length 2 mm.

South Carolina. Middle States. (LeConte.) Michigan, West
Virginia, New York. Atco, X. J., rare on pine. District of Colum-
bia, on pine. Mines under partly green bark of pines on dying
trees, branches and tops; April, May, September. (Hopkins.)
P. crihrijH-itiiiN and P. bisitlcdtus. both described by Eichhoff, are
synonyms.

1025 (9114). PiTYOfiEXKS r-uxcTir-Kxxis Lee., 1878, G24.

Slender, cylindrical. Piceous, shining, thinly clothed with long, erect
yellow hair. Antennal club thicker, obliquely truncate at tip, proximal
half smooth and shining, limited by a curved line. Thorax longer than
wide, granulato-asperate for more than half the length, sides and behind
densely and coarsely punctured, smooth median line rather wide, more or
less distinct. Elytra coarsely punctured, though not in altogether regular
rows, suture elevated and sutural stria deep for the whole length, declivity
of female oblique, retuse, the concave part coarsely punctured; there are
two acute discoidal cusps and several small indistinct marginal ones, the
most anterior of which is near the suture and more prominent: (Fig. 149,
D.) Front tibia? moderately dilated, two to four dentate. Punctures of
prothorax and elytra coarser and more numerous than in liopldnsi. Male,
head flat, shining, hairy with very long yellow hair; the four larger teeth
of apical declivity less prominent. Female, head finely punctured, carinate
with an acute elevated line; four larger teeth of apical declivity very prom-
inent. Length 2.3 — 2 : 5 mm.

Female described from Marquette, Mich. Male described as
iHtlxiiiiiciix by LeCoute from Central New York, where it seriously
ravaged forests of Abies balsa inea. Ranges from Maine and
Quebec to Michigan and West Virginia. Food plants, Abies,
Picra, J'iniix. Excavates several radiating, curved, transverse
galleries from a small central chamber in the living and dying
bark of balsam fir and red and black spruce in western Maine.

*T1ie life history has been written by Dr. M. W. Blackman in Tech. Publ. N. Y. St.
Coll. Forestry, 1915, u — 65.

TRIP.K II. IPIXI. 037

102G (90G7). PITYOGEXES PLAC;IATUS Lee., 1SG8, 1G1.

Less slender than hopkinsi. Ferruginous-brown, shining, thinly clothed
with long, erect hairs, antennae and legs paler. Antennae with smooth basal
portion of club smaller, sutures of apical portion nearly straight. Head
convex, punctured, with a triangular, opaque, pubescent, frontal spot. Tho-
rax scarcely longer than wide, sides parallel behind, then semicircularly
rounded with the apex; base very distinctly rounded towards the sides;
surface strongly roughened before the middle, finely but deeply punctured
behind, with a smooth oval space just behind the middle. Elytra strongly
but not densely punctured, punctures not in rows; declivity scarcely punc-
tured, suture elevated. Tibiae less dilated than usual, armed with a few
not very prominent teeth. Male, declivity of elytra deeply concave, with
margin semicircularly elevated from near tip to near suture, armed at its
upper limit with a robust horn, slightly hooked at tip, then with two
or three denticles, and ending below in a rather prominent tooth. Female,
declivity somewhat retuse each side, deeply sulcate and with a very small
denticle near the suture and a larger subacute tubercle near tip. Length
2 mm.

Described from Maryland. District of Columbia on pines.
(Ulkc.) Marqnette, Mich., not rare. West Virginia, mining
under green bark on tops and branches of injured and dying
pines; adults. May and October. (Hopkins.)

III. IPS* DeGeer, 1775. (Name of an insect.)

Elytra 1 declivity deeply excavated and toothed ; prothorax
roughened in front. Differs from Xi/loclcptes by the deeply ex-
cavated declivity and second segment of antennal club not sur-
rounding the first; from Piti/of/ciu's by antennal club being not
pubescent on both sides, almost entirely corneous and usually
not annulated on inner face; funicle 5-jointed.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF IPS.

a. Larger, 3.5 — 6.4 mm.

It. Sutures of antennal club strongly angulated.

c. Margin of declivity with three teeth behind the most prominent
one. 1027. CALLIGRAPHUS.

cc. Margin with two teeth behind the most prominent one.

1028. GBANDICOLLIS.

bl>. Sutures of antennal club not angulated, first nearly straight, second
bisinuate; marginal declivity with four prominent tubercles.

1029. pixi.f
•act. Smaller, 2.5 mm.

el. Margin of declivity with two prominent tubercles. 1031. C.ELATUS.
dd. Margin of declivity with three prominent tubercles. 1032. AVULSTJS.

*Equivalent to Toinicus Latr. Gen. Crust. &• Ins., II, 1807, 276, and Tomicits Lee.
and Eichhoff, and of most economic literature, or nearly so.

tSeveral closely allied species are here included; for the differences between them
see the descriptions.

638 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

1027 (9122). IPS CALLIGRAPHUS Germ., 1824, 4G1.

Elongate, subcylindrical. Piceous or brownish-testaceous, almost shin-
ing, clothed with long yellow or grayish hairs; antennae yellow. Sutures of
the club angulated, the point of the angle directed forwards. Thorax ob-
long, very finely sparsely punctate behind, a narrow median line smooth,
the front part roughly tuberculate, with transverse rugae. Elytral deeply
punctato-striate, punctures large and transverse; intervals subconvex,
the internal ones uniseriately punctate, sutural stria subsulcate; apex ob-
liquely excavate truncate, the margin of the excavation with six teeth of
which the second and third (counting from above) are the larger (Fig. 149,
A), fourth and fifth small, sixth minute apical margin produced; tibiae
strongly toothed. "Declivity deeply concave, polished, sparsely punctured;
prolongation of sutural stria well impressed; second interval with a small
cusp at end, and a similar one at end of third interval; fourth interval with
a large conical tubercle at end which is but slightly connected with the
tubercle of fifth interval, the latter always the most prominent. Behind
this prominent one are three acute, equidistant teeth, and the acutely ele-
vated apical margin." (LeConte.) Length 4.5 — G.4 mm.

Canada and Atlantic region to New Mexico. (Swaine.) St.
Petersburg, Sarasota and Dnnedin, Florida; common beneath
bark of freshly felled pine; Jan. 21 — Nov. 9. West Virginia,
mining under green bark on stumps, logs, injured and dying pines
of all species; adults found May to November. (Hopkins.) I.
exesus Say is a synonym.

1028 (9123). IPS GRANDICOLLIS Eich.. 1867. 402.

Narrower, cylindrical. Almost shining, with long pale hairs. Thorax
oblong, behind less deeply punctate, median line smooth. Elytra less
deeply punctate-striate, sutural stria deeper, with dilated punctures, in-
terior intervals slightly convex, base impunctate; apex obliquely excavate
truncate, edge of declivity 5-dentate, third tooth the larger, first tooth
very minute, apical margin strongly elevated, entire. (Fig. 149, C.)
Length 3.2—4.5 mm.

A B

D

,.

-

I

Fig. 149- A. Declivity of Ips calligraphns Germ.; B, same of Ips pini Say; C, same
of Ips grandicollis Eich.; D, same of P-ityogcncs punctipennis Lee., male. All much

enlarged. (After Felt.)

Lake Co., Ind., rare; May 30. Tybee Island, Ga. ; June.
(Wenzel.} Lake Istokpoga, Sarasota and Dunedin, Fla. ; Jan. 30

TRIBE II. IPINI. 630

-March 31. Quebec, Middle Atlantic, Southern and Western
States. Food plants, Pinus, Picea. The Tomicus cacographus
Lee. and T. pini Say of Zimmerman are synonyms.

1029 (9128). IPS PIXI Say, 1825, 257; ibid, II, 319.

Oblong, cylindrical. Brown or brownish-testaceous, shining, thinly
clothed with gray pubescence. Thorax oblong, subovate, slightly punc-
tate behind, apical margin feebly 3-sinuate. Elytra slightly striato-punc-
tate, intervals flat, with interior ones smooth; apex circularly excavate
truncate; edge of declivity 4-dentate, second and third teeth coalescent,
larger and distant from first. (Fig. 149, B.) Length 3.3 — 4.4 mm.

Ithaca, N. Y., May 3. Eastern United States and Canada.
Food plants, Pinus. Picea and Larix.

In connection with the above, I. Jiudsonicus Lee. (1876) from Hudson
Bay territory, I. interruptus Mann. (1852) from Alaska and Hudson Bay
territory, and I. perroti Swaine from Quebec may be mentioned. Though
the first, has been reported from Utah and Michigan and the second from
Quebec, neither is very likely to be found in our territory. LeConte's
remarks follow:

~'T. Jiudsonicus n. sp. Specimens of a larger size (5 mm.) from Hud-
son Bay territory have the elytral strife composed of much larger punc-
tures than in T. pini, and the tooth of the fifth interspace has a tendency
to become thicker and curved. I would be unwilling to designate it by
a separate name, were it not that the sutures of the antennal club are
not bent forward at the sides but are nearly straight."

T. interruptus. Alaska and Hudson Bay territory. The teeth of the
margin of the declivity are arranged as in pini and Jiudsonicus ; the
stria? are composed of still larger punctures than in the latter, and the
punctures of the interspaces extend forward almost to the base."

The record of /. interruptus from Quebec may be based upon
a specimen of the following recently described species:

1030 (- -). IPS. PERROTI Swaine, Can. Bnt., XLVII, 356, 1915.

Slender. Dark reddish-brown, clothed with slender hairs, rather
densely on sides of pronotum and on sides of elytra below and about the
declivity, which is armed with four teeth on each side. Antennal club
with the first two sutures slightly bisinuate at middle, strongly bent
distad at the sides. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, caudal margin
strongly rounded, sides nearly straight and parallel for two-thirds, rather
strongly narrowed on distal third, asperate in front, sparsely punctured
behind, more coarsely toward sides, median smooth space nearly obsolete.
Front rather closely punctured but not extremely dense as in inter-
ruptus; perroti differs besides from interruptus in the usually smaller
size, more slender form, finer and sparser pronotal punctuation, much
more abrupt declivity with strongly marked sexual variation, and the
fewer and smaller granules on first and second interspaces. Length 3.5 —
4.2 mm.

Type locality, Perrot, Quebec, in Pinus rcsutosa Ait.

(540 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID.K.

1031 (9112). IPS CVELATUS Eich., 1867, 402.

Elongate, cylindrical. Blackish-piceous, antennae and legs ferrugin-
ous-testaceous. Thorax cylindrical, closely rugosely punctate behind,
median line smooth. Elytra deeply punctato-striate, punctures dilated,
intervals rugose, apex almost circularly retusely truncate, margin of ex-
cavation crenulate, with three denticles about middle. Length 2.5 — 3 mm.

Tompkius Co., X. Y. ; April 26. Pocono Lake, Pa. ; Aug. 9.
(Wcnzcl.) Canada and United States south to West Virginia.
Food plants, Finns, Plcea, AMcs. Common under pine bark in
Florida. Placed in A'i/1el>oru$ by LeConte.

1032 (9133). IPS AVULSUS Eich., 1867, 402.

Subelongate, small, cylindrical, glabrous. Thorax oblong, sparsely
finely punctate behind. Elytra deeply punctato-striate, intervals moder-
ately convex, smooth; apex circularly retuse, subexcavate, with four tuber-
cles on each elytron, the uppermost minute, second, third and fourth
conical, almost equal, apical margin thinly elevated. Length 2.5 mm.

Tybee Island, Ga. ; June 24. North Mt, Pa. (Wcuzcl.) Dis-
trict of Columbia. Dimedin, Fla. ; April 13. A common species
infesting pine in Southern States.

Tribe III. CORTHYLINI.

Pronotuin and elytra without scales, commonly glabrous or
sparsely pubescent; abdominal sternite 7 with posterior margin
rarely rounded ; anterior tibia broader toward apex or serrate on
outer margin; pronotum with anterior dorsal area commonly
rugose; head concealed from above; anterior tarsi with joint 3
simple. (Fig 139, r. »

SYXOPSIS OF GEXERA OF CORTHYLIXI.

a. First palpal joint cylindrical, glabrous.
b. Apex of elytra emarginate; funicle 2 -jointed. (Fig. 137, B.)

I. MOXARTHRUM.

&&. Apex of elytra usually rounded.

c. Funicle 1-jointed. II. CORTHYLUS.

cc. Funicle 5-jointed. III. GXATHOTRICHUS.

aa. First palpal joint swollen, hairy; funicle with four to five joints.

IV. XYLOTERUS.

I. MOXARTHRUM* Kirsch, ISGfi. (Gr., "single" + "joint")

The species of Moitrirtltrinn are included by Hubbard (1897)
in his account of Ambrosia beetles. The sexes are alike, and
males assist females. The young are raised in separate pits, the
galleries extending deep into the wood. Eggs are deposited singly,

*Pterocyclon Eich., 1868, though proposed because description referred to Corthylus
(see B. E. Z. XII, 276) is treated by Hopkins as a synonym.

TRIBE III. CORTHYLINI. 64]

loosely packed with chips on which ambrosia begins to grow. As
the young larva1 eat and grow, they deepen their cradles, swal-
lowing but not digesting the wood. The excrement, yellow-
stained, is cast out of the mouth of the borings by the mother, a
portion being utilized to form the fungus bed. The ambrosia of
Moiiariliruin is moniliform. resembling a mass of pearly beads;
the base has a tinge of green, but the stain in the wood is almost
black. The two species are commonly associated in the same
trunk, attacking hickory, beech, maple, aspen, apple and orange.
They enter the green sap and heart wood of logs, stumps and
dying and dead trees, causing round black holes called "pin-
holes," and discolorations termed ''bluing."

1033 (9055). MONAETIIRUM FASCIATUM Say, 1825, 255; ibid. II, 318.

Elongate-cylindrical. Piceous, antennae and legs ferruginous-yellow;
elytra yellow in front, black behind, black color commonly extending
forward along the suture. Prothorax longer than wide, tuberculate and
slightly hairy in front. Elytra very finely punctate-striate, glabrous and
shining, at tip obliquely truncate and thickly clothed with yellow hairs;
margin of declivity acute and a small tubercle near suture in male. Front
femora toothed at tip; outer surface of front tibise with teeth-like trans-
verse ridges. Female, antennal club fringed with very long hairs; pos-
terior declivity of elytra slightly concave near suture, with one small
tubercle; front with five punctures and a depression. Male antennal club
with only a few shorter marginal hairs; declivity of elytra more strongly
margined near tip, tubercle replaced by a long elevation, parallel with
suture, slightly cuspidate in front; front with coarse punctures. Length
2.5—3 mm. (Fig. 147, A.)

Taken frequently throughout Indiana on freshly cut beech
logs and by beating; April 10 — Oct. 1. Philadelphia Co., Pa.,
April 25, on beech. (Wenzel.) Ranges from Quebec and Lake
Superior to Florida. Occurs on many trees, deciduous and con
iferous ; Hicoria, Fac/ns. Qucrcus, etc.; also bores in wine casks.

P. gracile is separated by Eichhoff (and recognized by Swaine) on
account of luteous color of elytra and finer punctuation of head, which
is also longitudinally impressed.

1034 (9058). MONABTHBXTM MALI Fitch, II, 1855, No. 5.

Brown, base of thorax and elytra paler; antennae and feet ferrugin-
ous-yellow. Very similar to fasciat-us, but smaller, with the rows of punc-
tures of elytra scarcely visible; the oblique truncation of the tip is gla-
brous and there are two small teeth near the suture. Length 2 mm.
(Fig. 147, B.)

Jackson, Gibson and Posey counties, Ind., scarce; May 4 — •
July 10. Ormond and Dunedin, Fla.; Jan. 15 — April 14. Bronx,

642 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

Peekskill and Ithaca, N. Y. ; Jan. 23— May 1. Philadelphia Co.,
Pa., April 25, on beech. (Wenzel.) Eastern United States and
Ontario, Canada, south to Florida. Food plants, many trees, both
deciduous and coniferous. The spine referred to by LeConte &
Horn is probably long- hairs on club, adhering together. Male
and female are reversed by LeConte.

II. CORTHYLUS Erichson, 183G. (/'Name of a bird.")
Rather stout cylindrical species in which the funicle of the
antennre is reduced to a single joint; club much larger than in
MonartJinnii, not fringed; upper surface of body strongly punc-
tured ; front tibia? flattened and margined on the outer face, but
with no transverse ridges as in Monarthrum.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF CORTHYLUS.

a. Elytra rounded behind without furrows or tubercles.

1035. PUNCTATISSIMUS.

aa. Elytral declivity with small tubercles.

6. Male antennal club without spine. 1036. COLUMBIANUS.

fob. Male antennal club with three sutures, the two outer armed with

a long curved spine. 1037. SPINIFEB.

1035 (9054). CORTHYLUS PUNCTATISSIMUS Zimrn., 1868, 144.

Rather stout, cylindrical. Dark brown or black, antennae and legs
ferruginous. Prothorax longer than wide, extending hood-like over the
head, roughly tuberculate in front, shining behind, with fine, sparse punc-
tures. Antennal club articulated or annulated on both sides. Elytra
strongly punctured but not in rows, rounded behind without furrows or
teeth. Front tibia? flattened and margined on outer face, without trans-
verse ridges. Female, head flattened, opaque, slightly broadly concave at
middle. Male, head slightly convex, shining, punctured. Length 4 mm.

Lawrence and Posey counties, Ind., rare; June 3 — July 14.
Cape May C. H., N. J., Oct. 22, on roots of huckleberry. (Wensel.)
Occurs in the Eastern, Middle, Southern and Western States.
Food plants, Acer., Sassafras., Cornus, Carpinus, Corylus, Ostrya,
Gaylussacia. Felt states that the larva lives on ambrosia, a fun-
gus grown in the galleries of huckleberry roots, where it was de-
scribed as living by Schwarz.* He says it has a preference for
shaded localities Where plants grow on a decayed log, or where the
soil is thickly covered with leaves, and believes that it is largely
subterranean in habit. The infested huckleberries may be detected
by wilted leaves, and the infested part of the root by sawdust ad-
hering to it. This species has been recently destructive to culti-
vated Rhododendrons and Azaleas in New Jersey. (Weiss, Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1916.)

*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II, 109.

TRIBE III. CORTHYLINI. 643

1036 (11,241). COBTHYLUS COLTJMBIANUS Hopk., W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta.
Bull. No. 36, 1894, 313.

Differs from punctatissimus by head of male being raintly and
sparsely punctured in front, elytral declivity of male and female provided
each side with small tubercles, suture elevated; middle and hind tibiae
with four teeth near tip. In punctatissimus the head of male is deeply
and coarsely punctured in front; declivity of elytra plain; middle and
hind tibiae with only three teeth near tip. Male antennal club without
spine. Length 4 mm.

Recorded from West Virginia, A7irginia, Michigan and Massa-
chusetts. The type was from sapwood of living white oak ; found
also in chestnut oak, tulip, maple, basswood and beech. Hopkins
found evidence of injuries in a tulip log, apparently caused by
this species, which, according to the number of annual rings
formed over the entrance, were produced 13 years before Colum-
bus discovered America.*

1037 (11,240). CORTHYLUS SPINIFER Schwarz, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IT,
1891, 114.

The male differs from the male of punctatissimus by the retuse ely-
tral declivity (simple in punctatissimus) margined at apical third and
provided each with three small tubercles; by the antennal club with three
sutures (two in punctatissimus) of which the two outer are curved and
armed with a long curved spine. Length 2 mm.

Male found April 19 in semitropical hammock at Key West,
Fla. Female unknown. Food plant, Quercus.

III. GNATHOTRICHUS Eich., 1868. (Gr., "mandible" + "hairy.")

The males are distinguished from the females by the stronger
development of tubercles or teeth at end of body. The young are
raised in cradles as in Monarthrum, having been found by Asa
Fitch in pine wood in 1857. Hopkins also found them in West
Virginia in pine, entering green sap wood at base of stumps and
dying trees, causing pin-holes and bluing.

1038 (9060). GNATHOTRICHUS MATERIARUS Fitch, IV, 1858, 40.

Elongate, cylindrical. Shining brown, base of elytra paler; head and
under surface black; antennae and feet yellow. Front somewhat im-
pressed, thickly punctured, hairy. Pro thorax long, finely tuberculate in
front, smooth behind. Elytra very smooth, with scarcely visible rows of
punctures, rounded behind, without tubercles, th<e posterior declivity not
retuse, thinly clothed with short yellow hairs. Male, head with elongated
longitudinal elevations in front, ending in an acute point just above base
of mandible. Female, antennae with long hair and bristles as in retusus;
head smooth and sparsely punctured. Length 3 mm.

*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Ill, 107.

644 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

lona, N. J., May 7, entering dying pine. (Wcnzcl.) Callair
der, Ont., July 19. Eastern United States and Canada to Florida
and Texas. Infests pine, the galleries being short, parallel and at
right angles to main gallery- Sclnvarz found no males, in 150
specimens. The male probably never leaves the burrow.

1039 (9061). GNATHOTKICHUS ASPERULUS Lee., 1868, 155.

Slender, cylindrical. Brownish-black, shining, nearly glabrous; an-
tennas and feet yellow. Head flat, feebly punctulate. Prothorax one-half
longer than wide, feebly narrowed and rounded on the sides from base,
strongly rounded at tip, very rough and slightly pubescent before the
middle, but almost entirely smooth behind. Elytra scarcely punctulate,
posterior declivity with a few hairs, almost uniformly convex, with a very
feeble subsutural furrow. Length 1.5 mm.

Described from Virginia. Known also from Washington, D.
C., on Pi ii us rircfiniana Mill.

IV. XYLOTERUS* Erichs., 1836. (Or., "wood" -f "monster.")

Robust, cylindrical species with declivity of elytra oblique,
not excavated nor toothed; eyes completely divided; club of an-
tenmp oval, solid, pubescent on both sides, not annnlated, the
basal shining corneous part extending forward in a narrow band:
fnnicle with first joint large, stont, the remaining joints not very
distinctly separated; head in male deeply concave, the prothorax
less strongly asperate than in female. As in Monarthrum, the
males accompany the females; the young are raised in separate
cradles, each female attending her own brood, feeding them with
a yellowish ambrosia grown in beds near the cradles. The month
of each cradle is constantly kept filled with a ping of the food
fnngns. This consists of upright sticks which do not branch and
are capable of being broken np into bead-like masses without
losing their vegetative powers. Although the color is yellow, the
galleries are stained black.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF XYLOTERUS.

a. Elytra with ill defined distant rows of punctures; intervals equally
strongly punctured; pubescence erect, abundant. 1040. POLITUS.
aa. Elytra with well defined striae of punctures, intervals nearly smooth.
I). Prothorax finely and sparsely punctured at sides towards base.
i\ Larger, 4.5 mm.; less punctured at base of thorax.

1041. RETUSTJS.
cf. Smaller, 3.5 mm.; more punctured at base of thorax.

1042. LINEATCJS.

*This name is preferred by Hopkins to Trypodendron Steph., 111. Brit. Ent., Ill,
1830, 353, used by Swaine for the following species: pplitits Sa}', rctusus Lee., scabri-
collis Lee., Hncatiis Oliv.

<'js
%.

TRIBE III. CORTHYLIXI. 045

66. Prothorax scabrous and granulate behind middle.

1043. SCARRICOLLIS.

1040 (9095). XYLOTERUS' POLITUS Say, 1828, 256; ibid, II, 318.

More hairy than the other species, with elytral intervals sparsely
punctured, so that the rows of punctures appear confused.
Smaller, smoother, unicolorous. Male, hind tibiae nar-
rower; anterior edge crooked and near tip thickly clothed
with long silky hairs with incurving points; tarsus with
fine hairs curved at points. Female, hind tibia? broader;
anterior edge straight, with a few straight bristles; tarsus
with short straight hairs. Length 3.3 mm. (Fig. 150.)

Ithaca, N. Y., April 26. Angora, Pa,, Mar. 20,
on oak, entering sap-wood near ground. (Wenzel.)
Eastern United States and Canada. Food plants,
Fig 150 v 12 Quercus, Fagus, Acer, Betula, Hicoria, Fraxiniis,
(Afdorioage~ Castanea, Magnolia, Almis, Picca, Finns. Infesting
the sap-wood of deciduous and coniferous trees; a
dangerous enemy to smooth-bark trees weakened by external in-
jury or storm. They enter the green wood of logs, stumps, dying
trees and wounded places on green trees, and although they some-
times fail to establish their colonies, as shown in maples at Wash-
ington, D. C., the}' are very injurious to outer portions of wood.
Adults have been observed in West Virginia from March to Au-
gust.

1041 (9092). XYLOTERUS RETUSUS Lee., 1868, 158.

Cylindrical, rather stout. Blackish-brown, shining. Head of male
deeply concave, sparsely finely punctured, clothed with erect hairs. Protho-
rax much broader than long, rather quadrate in form, as broadly rounded at
tip as at base, convex, very strongly declivous and broadly impressed
near tip; asperate with transverse granulations and clothed with long
erect hair in front, finely, not densely punctured behind. Elytra with
distant rows of rather fine, not deeply impressed punctures, each with a
testaceous vitta, abbreviated before and behind. Female, head convex in
front, roughened with minute granules, and with a small depression in
centre; antenna? with a long bristle rising from the anterior edge of each
joint of funicle and first and second joints of club; also with a few long
hairs, all curving upward. Club of male antennae with a few short, stiff
hairs, no long bristles; head with longitudinal elevation in front. Length
4.5 mm.

Canada, West Virginia. Food plant, the large toothed aspen,
Populus grandidentata Michx., entering the green sap-wood of
dying trees, causing large pin-holes. Adults, (West Virginia)
August 10.

646 FAMILY IV. Sf'OLYTIDJE.

1042 (9093). XYLOTERUS LINEATTTS Oliv., 1795, 18.

Male with head concave and thorax finely, transversely asperate be-
fore the middle; female, head convex, thorax much more roughly asperate.
Varies greatly in color, the black elytra! vittae sometimes occupying nearly
the entire surface, sometimes almost wanting; front part of prothorax,
suture and margin of elytra usually black; sometimes only a short pale
stripe is seen on each elytron. Length 3.5 mm.

North Mt., Pa., June 11. entering hemlock. (Wenzel.) Can-
ada, Eastern, Northern and Western United States, New Mexico.
Common in coniferous trees from Alaska to Maine, extending
southward in mountainous regions, and equally common in
Europe. Food plants, Pinus, Pi era, Abies, Tsuga, Juniperus,
Lari.r, Bctuhi, black spruce and hemlock. Enters green sapwood
of fogs, stumps and dying trees, causing great damage to saw
logs, producing pin-holes and bluing, and hastening decay. T.
birittatus Kirby is a synonym.

1043 (9094). XYLOTERUS SCABRICOLLIS Lee., 1868, 158.

Uniform reddish-brown, antennae and feet paler. Head deeply concave,
as usual, but thorax of male as rough in front as in female of Mvittatus,
and covered behind with anastomosing curved lines, leaving between them
flattened granules. Elytra shining and punctures of rows larger and
more strongly impressed. Length, 3.5 mm.

Grenlock, N. J., April 8, entering white pine. (Wenzel.)
Quebec, Washington, D. C., West Virginia, New York, New Mex-
ico. Food plants, Pinus, Haiuamelis and Tsuga. Enters green
sap-wood of dying pine trees; adults in May. (Hopkins.}

Tribe IV. MICRACINI.

Pronotum with anterior area commonly rugose ; head con-
cealed from above; anterior tarsi with joint 3 simple; anterior
tibia? not distinctly broader toward apex or not serrate on outer
margin; antennal club compressed; elytra with scales. (Fig.
139, D.)

KEY TO GENERA OF MICRACINI.

o. Thorax margined at side. I. MICRACIS.

aa. Thorax not margined at side. II. THYSANOES.

I. MICRACIS Lee., 1868. (Gr., "smalF'+Cis.)

Elongate cylindrical species, in which the declivity of elytra
is convex and suture prolonged into a short acute point; thorax
granulate, the granules becoming larger and acute in front of
middle. Club of antennae peculiar, having an elongated basal
smooth spot extending for more than lialf its length, parallel to

TRIBE IV. MICRACINI. 647

which the sutures form loops ; scape broadly dilated and fringed
toward extremity with very long- hairs. (Fig. 136, A.) The
funicle of antenna1 is 6-jointed, and by this character and the
broad parallel front tibire, as well as the more obvious characters
stated, the genus is sharply defined. The species are small, 2.5
mm., and occur from Massachusetts southward, in twigs and
small branches of various hardwood trees.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF MICRACIS.

a. Sutures of antennal club forming narrow curves.
&. Eyes distant beneath; length 2.5—2.7 mm. 1044. SUTURALIS.

&&. Eyes contiguous beneath; elytra more finely punctured; size
smaller, 1.7 mm. 1045. NANTJLA.

aa. Sutures of antennal club forming bread curves.

c. Eyes widely distant beneath; elytra nearly glabrous, with rows of
coarse punctures, asperate near tip. 1046. RUDIS.

cc. Eyes narrowly separated beneath.

d. Elytra shining, punctured in rows; thorax finely asperate in

front. 1047. OPACICOLLIS.

dd. Elytra obsoletely striate, densely rugosely punctured; thorax

more strongly asperate in front. 1048. ASPERULTJS.

1044 (9136). MICRACIS SUTURALTS Lee., 1868, 165.

Small, elongate, cylindrical. Dark brown, antenna? yellow, elytra
and front part of thorax more or less paler, not shining. Antennal scape
broadly triangular, flattened, fringed toward tip with very long yellow
hairs; fir?t joint of funicle as long as others united, 2 — 5 closely con-
nected, gradually becoming shorter and broader, club as described under
generic heading. Head flat or concave, more or less thinly fringed with
long hair. Thorax one-half longer than wide, sides parallel behind mid-
dle, rounded in front, base feebly rounded, surface dull with fine reticu-
lations, and scattered granules. Elytra with close rows of fine punc-
tures, almost connected by feeble transverse rugosities, pubescence fine
and short, more or less arranged in lines; declivity convex, not at all
excavated or toothed, sutural angle prolonged into a short acute point.
Tibiae compressed, armed with a terminal hook, outer edge acute, not
toothed, fringed with long hair, the front pair as broad at base as at tip.
Length 2.5 — 2.7 mm.

Described from Illinois from specimens cut from prickly ash
(Xanthoxylum) . Known from Virginia, Massachusetts and New
York to Michigan, Kansas and Louisiana. Southwestern Penn-
sylvania, breeding in hickory and locust. (Hamilton.} Food
plants, hickory, elm, redbud, oak, walnut, spice-wood, willow,
sassafras, locust, hazel nut, etc. Breeds abundantly in dead
hickory limbs, requiring two years for its transformation.* This
statement has been questioned and reaffirmed by Dr. Hamilton

*Hamilton, Ins. Life, IV, 131; loc. cit., 268.

648 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDyE.

with further detail, but still regarded with doubt by Chittenden,
who states that this species passes its entire existence from egg
to imago in the wood, never under the bark, the imago probably
maturing in August, but gnawing its way out to the light only in
April following. It is extremely abundant in redbud, especially
in smaller limbs that have become dry and sapless and are easily
crumbled between one's fingers.

M. aculeatus Lee. is a synonym of suturalis. It was based on a speci-
men in which the pubescence of elytra was well preserved, "clothed with
short, suberect yellowish hairs which are slightly clavate." (LeConte.)
Chittenden states the synonymy on the authority of Schwarz.

1045 (9138). MICBACIS NAN TLA Lee., 1876, 368.

Differs by the eyes being contiguous beneath, the gular space be-
tween the eyes of suturalis being absent and the eyes themselves more
coarsely granulated. Smaller and narrower than the other species, brown,
elytra somewhat shining, with numerous rows of short, pale bristles,
sutural prolongation less prominent. Length 1.7 mm.

Dunedin and Haulover, Fla. ; March 4. Occurs on Myr'u-a.

1046 (9141). MICRACIS RUDIS Lee., 1876, 368.

Cylindrical. Nearly black, rather shining, antennae reddish-brown.
First joint of club with tuft of hairs near tip. Head very deeply exca-
vated; eyes widely distant above. Thorax somewhat longer than wide,
broadly rounded in front, sides parallel behind, surface sparsely granu-
late behind, rough with numerous tubercles in front. Elytra scarcely
pubescent, rugosely punctured, punctures large, arranged in approximate
rows; intervals rough with small acute tubercles on the declivity which
is convex except near the concave tip, sutural point well developed.
Tibiae feebly toothed on outer edge, fringed with long hair, front pair as
broad at base as tip. Length 2.5 mm.

Vermilliou and Marion counties, Ind., rare; Jan. 1 — June 15.
Described from Detroit, Mich.; District of Columbia in willow;
southwestern Pennsylvania. Food plants, hackberry, locust and
hickory.

1047 (9140). MICBACIS OPACICOIXIS Lee., 1878, 625.

Slender, cylindrical. Dirty testaceous, thorax darker, thinly sprin-
kled with very small ochreous scales. Club of antennae wltn broadly
curved sutures, scape (male) fringed with very long hair. Eyes extend-
ing to under surface of head, not widely but distinctly separated beneath.
Thorax opaque, indistinctly punctulate. Elytra shining, punctured in rows;
intervals with rows of very short stout bristles. Length 1.7 mm.

TRIBE IV. MICRACINI. 649

Westville, N. J., Feb. ."), in oak twigs. (Wenzel.) Described
from Detroit, Mich. Common in New Jersey in small oak twigs,
winter and spring. Occurs also in New York and District of
Columbia, boring in old twigs. (Ulke.)

1048 (9139). MICRACIS ASPKUULUS Lee., 1878, 626.

Slender, cylindrical. Black, entirely opaque, thorax sprinkled witn
small yellowish, scale-like hairs, antennae and legs ferruginous. Club of
antenna? with broadly curved suture; scape of male fringed with very
long hair. Eyes very narrowly separated beneath; head not concave,
scarcely punctured. Thorax more strongly asperate in front than in
opacicollis, scarcely punctured behind. Elytral intervals with rows of
very short stout bristles. Length 1.7 mm.

Described from Detroit, Michigan, in dead oak twigs; also
recorded from New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Doubtfully
distinct from opocicoUis.

II. THYSANOES LeConte, 187G. (Gr., "fringed.")

Small, slender, cylindrical species having the thorax sparsely
asperate in front; elytra! intervals provided with rows of pale
bristles, the declivity simply convex ; front tilme of the same
parallel form and as wide at base as at tip, as in Micracis, not
serrate on outer edge ; scape of antennne fringed as there but the
joints of fuuicle widely separated, becoming rapidly wider and
fringed with long hair;* club elliptical, compressed, rather shin-
ing, sparsely hairy and without sutures on its inner face. The
species live in twigs of hickory, oak, etc.

1049 (9143). THYSANOES FIMBRICORNIS Lee., 1876, 370.

Slender, cylindrical. Yellowish-brown; head of male shining, flat-
tened, with a small fovea on vertex; antennae as described above. Thorax
longer than wide, sparsely asperate in front and slightly hairy, then not
densely punctured for a short distance, nearly smooth behind middle, and
at sides. Elytra with rows of small punctures; those of intervals smaller
and more distant, supporting short, clavate, pale bristles in regular rows;
declivity convex, not at all impressed or retuse, sutural line very slight.
First and second ventral segments each as long as others united, third,
fourth and fifth short, equal; last dorsal slightly visible from beneath.
Front tibia? broad from base, sides parallel, outer edge acute, not serrate.
Length 1.8 mm.

Westville and Chews Landing, New Jersey; June 9 — June 16;
on hickory twigs and just leaving the wood. (Wenzel.) April
and May. (Packard.} Described from Lancaster County, Pa.;
known also from District of Columbia. Food plant, hickory.

"Compare the antenna? of Loganius ficits, which have similar characters.

650 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

1050 (9097). THYSANOES RIGIDUS Lee., 1876, 362.

Dark brown, somewhat shining. Form stout, cylindrical, somewhat
oval, clothed with rather long, erect, pale bristles. Prothorax a little
wider than long, convex, anterior edge not toothed, disc with a few dis-
tant.acute tubercles in front of middle, sparsely punctured behind. Ely-
tra punctured in rows, setigerous punctures of interspaces very small.
Legs and antennae yellow-brown; club oval, hairy, sutures curved, surface
rather shining. Male,* front with a small rounded, polished excavation.
Length 1 mm.

Known from Canada and Michigan. Dr. Hopkins states in a
letter that this species belongs to the Micracini.

Thysanoes quercus Hopk., Mss., is an undescribed species, cited in
Smith's List of New Jersey Insects, infesting the bark of dead oak and
chestnut twigs. Eagle Rock, near Newark, New Jersey. (Bischoff.)

Tribe V. CRYPTURGINI.

Body slender to moderately stont ; pronotum longer than
broad, (or at least not broader than long), commonly smooth in
front; antennal club subglobose, compressed, never conical (Fig.
137, H) ; head exposed or rarely concealed from above; eyes sim-
ple ; base of elytra simple.

KEY TO GENERA OF CRYPTURGINI.

a. Third joint of tarsi simple, fourth joint distinct. I. CRYPTURGUS.
aa. Third joint of tarsi expanded, usually heart-shaped or bilobed.

II. DEXDROCTONUS.

I. CRYPTURGUS Erichs., 1836. (Gr.. "hidden" + "laborer.")

Very small, cylindrical, elongate species (1 — 1.5 mm.) in
which the thorax is simply punctate and elytra unarmed on de-
clivity; set aside by all authors on account of the 2-jointed
funicle. One species atonms LeConte (1868) is generally re-
garded as identical with Gyllenhal's puslUns (though retained
as distinct by Swaine), found in Europe and Japan. Another has
been made known by Schwarz, under the name alutaceus. Both
differ in habitually making use of the galleries of other bark
beetles in entering the trees. (Fig. 139, E.)

*Schwarz (Ent. Amer., II, 42) says he believes this description applies to the female;
what he takes for male has the head deeply retracted in thorax, so the sculpture cannot
be seen; but the first antennal joint is fringed with a double row of long pale hair, as
in certain species of Micracis.

TRIBE II. CRYPTURGINI. 651

1051 (9186). CRYPTURGUS PUSILLUS Gyll., 1813, 371.

Small, elongate, cylindrical. Shining, dark piceous, antennae and legs
brown, slightly hairy on head and at sides of thorax, and
with short, fine, yellowish pubescence on elytra. Beak
very short. Second joint of funicle much smaller than
first, club tolerably large, solid, strongly compressed,
oval, obliquely narrowed on outer half, corneous, shining
and but slightly pubescent on oblique edges. Head large,
exserted, visible from above. Thorax longer than wide,
scarcely narrowed in front, slightly rounded on sides,
more rounded at base and tip, uniformly sparsely but
strongly punctured. Elytra elongate, cylindrical, with
rows of large punctures, the sutural one impressed
toward base; intervals with scarcely perceptible rows of

Fig. 151. X ^6.

(After Hage- small punctures, declivity convex, without impressions.
Ventral sutures straight, first and fifth segments longer.
Front coxa? contiguous; tibia? dilated, finely serrate, tarsi slender, third
joint not dilated. Length 1 — 1.5 mm. (Fig. 151.)

Pocono Lake, Pa., Aug. 14, under dead and dying pine. (Wen-
zel.} Occurs in Canada, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, West
Virginia, New Jersey, under bark of dead pine branches, and in
spruce, fir and hemlock, making a short, sinuous primary gallery
about half an inch Jong, which gives off at intervals about ten
short secondary galleries from each side. They are not made in
the sap-wood, but penetrate only the bark, so that no regular
pattern is made. This species, fide Hopkins, enters the galleries
of other bark beetles, from which it starts its numerous small,
irregular galleries through the bark. The same habit is recorded
by European authors, Jn West Virginia adults were observed
from March to October. Packard says it occurred in abundance
in Maine in the bark of white pine stumps (the trees having been
felled the previous November) in all stages from the middle of
July to Sept. 1.

1052 (11,254). CRYPTURGUS ALUTACEUS Schwarz, 1893, 17.

Elongate, nearly cylindrical. Moderately shining, sparsely and in-
conspicuously pubescent, pubescence longer on head, sides of thorax and
on elytral declivity; color brown or yellowish-brown, antenna? and legs
pale. Head distinctly alutaceous, extremely, finely and obsoletely punctu-
late. Thorax slightly longer than wide, slightly rounded on sides, widest
at middle, surface distinctly alutaceous and with sparse, fine, more or
less obsolete punctures; and a faint smoother median line is feebly in-
dicated. Elytra as wide and nearly twice as long as thorax, more shining,
punctate-striate; stria? distinctly Impressed with the punctures closely
placed and moderately strong; intervals narrower than the stria?, convex
and without distinct punctures, declivity simple. Length 0.9 mm.

652 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

Lahawajr, N. J., March 26, on dead and dying pine. (Wenzel.)
Described from Tampa, Fla., and Bladensburg, Md. Occurs
under bark of Pin us pal list ris in Florida and under that of Finns
virginiana near Washington, D. C. The galleries always start
from the main gallery of a Tomicus, usually cacographus, rect-
angularly or obliquely ; at irregular intervals secondary galleries
branch off. Nearly the same size and form as pusilhis, but the
latter is at once distinguished by the more shining head and
thorax, the very conspicuous large punctures on thorax and the
wide elytral intervals.

II. DENDROCTOXUS Erichson, 1836. (Gr., "treev+ "destroyer.")
Club of antennae short, obtuse, sometimes thick and almost
globose, sometimes compressed, always composed of closely united
knob-shaped joints (Fig. 137, H) ; basal margin of elytra acutely
elevated and serrate; third joint of tarsi bilobed, not received
in second ; beak very short and thick ; abdomen cylindrical ; tibiae
serrate on outer margin; antennae geniculate; head large and
prominent, with the median segment of the epistoma produced
into a process or protuberance ; anterior coxte almost contiguous ;
abdominal sutures 4, 5 and 6 strongly recurved. The species of
this genus have been elaborately monographed by Hopkins
(1909-a), from whose work the following is abridged. Our treat-
ment of the genus is brief, as the reader may easily procure the
work referred to, with its wealth of illustration and results of
minute study. (Figs. 132, 134, 135.)

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF DKNDROCTOXUS.

a. Pronotum somewhat elongate and as broad as elytra, not distinctly
narrowed anteriorly; anterior dorsal half of elytra without long
hairs; length 2.5—4 mm. 1053. FRONTALIS.

'id. Pronotum stout, usually narrower than elytra and distinctly nar-
rowed and constricted anteriorly; anterior dorsal half of elytra
normally with long hairs, except in terebrans.
b. Front usually with posterior impression; pronotum with large and

small punctures intermixed.

c. Length 3.5 — 5 mm.; reddish to brown; elytral declivity with
strife deeply impressed; epistomal process narrow, flat, with
lateral sections nearly parallel; pronotum with punctures mod-
erately regular. 1054. SIMPLEX.
cc. Length 4.7 — 6 mm.; reddish to black; elytral declivity with strife
not deeply impressed; epistomal process broad, concave, lateral
sections oblique; punctures of pronotum distinctly irregular.

1055. PICEAPERUA.

(cc. Length 6.5 mm.; brownish; elytral striae impressed; punctures
coarse, interspaces narrow and moderately coarse, acute, ru-
gosities coarser toward suture. 1056. PCNCTATUS.

TRIBE V. CRYPTURGINJ. 653

W). Front without posterior impression: pronotum with regular punc-
tures.

(L Length 5 — 8 mm.; black; epistomal process moderately broad,
with apical angles usually tuberculate; pronotal punctures very
coarse, regular, moderately dense, scarcely decreasing in size
toward base; elytra with long hairs toward base.

1057. TEREBRANS.

.id. Length 5.7 — 9 mm.; reddish, never black; epistomal process
broad, with apical angles obtuse, never tuberculate; pronotum
with punctures smaller and denser toward base; elytra with
long hairs toward base. 1058. VALENS.

1053 (9185). DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS Zimm., 1868, 149.

Light brown to nearly black; reddish-brown in the type. Elytral
declivity with long hairs, striae distinctly punctured, intervals with mod-
erately coarse rugosities, not very densely placed. Pronotum with a few
long hairs in front at sides. Front with a moderately prominent tubercle
each side of a distinct median groove. Male, pronotum without transverse
elevation. Female, pronotum with transverse ridge across the anterior
area. Length 2.5 — 4 mm.

Occurs from Pennsylvania and West Virginia to Florida,
Oklahoma and Texas. Host trees, numerous species of Pinus and
Pice a.

1054 (9183). DENDRocTOxrs SIMPLEX Lee., 1868, 173.

Reddish to reddish-brown, with head and thoracic segments from
light to dark brown and nearly black. The size, and the coarser and
deeper punctures of pronotum are distinctive characters. Elytral de-
clivity with stria? deeply impressed, rugosities moderately coarse, finer on
lateral areas. Pronotum with distinctly coarse and fine punctures in-
termixed, moderately long reclining hairs on lateral area. Epistomal
process narrow, flat, sides nearly parallel, apex not extending beyond the
anterior frontal margin. Male elytral declivity shining, intervals convex
and smooth. Female elytral declivity with intervals more rugose and
stria3 more distinctly impressed. Length 3.5 — 5 mm.

Occurs in Maine, Michigan, West Virginia, Uugava Bay, Can-
ada, and New Hampshire. Host tree, Larix Jaricina.

1055 (- -). DENDROCTOWUS PICEAPERDA Hcpk., 1901-b, 16.

Elytra red or dark reddish-brown; thorax, head and abdomen black.
Head with front convex and with faint median and posterior impression
and anterior elevated line. Elytral intervals slightly convex, rugosities
acute, rather closely placed, irregular. Punctures of pronotum distinctly
irregular, epistomal process broad, concave, with the lateral section
oblique. Male, striae of elytral declivity not impressed, intervals finely
punctured with very small granules toward apex. Female, stria? of de-
clivity very faintly impressed, intervals with approximate rows of fine
granules. Length 4.7 — 6 mm.

65-4 FAMILY IV. SCOIA'TIMS.

North Mt., Pa., Aug. 31, under spruce bark. (Wenzel.) Oc-
curs in Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, Canada, Pennsylvania.
Host trees, Picea rubens, canadensis, mariana.

1056 (9182). DENDROCTONUS PUNCTATUS Lee., 1868, 173.

Dark reddish-brown. Head convex, with moderately distinct anterior
impression. Punctures of pronotum distinct, coarse, irregular; posterior
half of proepisternal area punctured. Striae of elytral declivity impressed
and with coarse punctures; elytral striae distinctly impressed; punctures
coarse and distinct; interspaces rather narrow, convex, moderately rugose
on dorsal area, but nearly smooth on lateral area. The coarse punctures
of elytral striae, especially on the declivity, at once distinguish this
species. Length 6.5 mm.

Adirondack Mts., New York; Pennsylvania. High Mts. of Ran-
dolph Co., W. Va., under bark on spruce stump.

1057 (9179). DENOROCTONTJS TEREBRANS Oliv., 1795, 6.

Piceous to deep black, the latter prevailing. Front convex, without
impressions, epistomal process moderately broad, lateral angles tubercu-
late. Pronotal punctures very coarse, regular, moderately dense, scarcely
decreasing in size toward base. Elytra without long hairs toward base.
Length 5 — 8 mm.

Dunedin, Fla., Feb. 12— Nov. 9. Lahaway, N. J., Mch. 23, in
dying pine. (Wenzel.) Ranges from New Hampshire and Penn-
sylvania south to Texas and Florida. Host trees, Finns palustris,
rigida, tccda, scrotina, stro~bns, echinata, rubens. Specimens are
sometimes found which appear to be hybrids with valens.

1058 ('— — ). DENDROCTONTJS VALENS Lee., 1S60, pt. 2, 59.

Above light to dark red, never black, ventral part of body light red
to black. Distinguished from terebrans by less uniform and more densely
placed pronotal punctures, much broader epistomal process, with the
lateral sections less angular and more oblique, and the more evident and
numerous hairs on the anterior dorsal area of the elytra. Male, mandi-
bles stouter, antennal club narrower, declivity more opaque, striae less
distinctly impressed, punctures more obscure. Length 5.7 — 9 mm. (Pig.
132.)

West Point and Ithaca, N. Y., May 3 — June 2. Occurs from
Canada and New England south to North Carolina; also in the
Western Mts., LeConte's type being from California. Host trees,
Finns many species, Picea, Larix and Abies.

In addition to the species above treated, it is necessary to consider
D. borealis Hopkins (1909-a) and D. rufipennis Kirby (1837). The first
is found in Alaska, Kenai Peninsula; was known to Dr. Hopkins by but
five specimens in 1909, and is brought within the scope of our work by
its mention in a list of Labrador Coleoptera by John D. Sherman, Jr., based

TRIBE VI. PHLCEOTRIBINI. 655

upon a determination by Hopkins, the only instance of its occurrence
except on the North Pacific Coast. The second was described by Kirby
from Lat. 65°, has been erroneously identified since by several authors,
and was known by Hopkiiis only from a small number of Lake Superior
and Hudson Bay specimens. Both are therefore so unlikely to occur in
most of our territory that it seems better to add descriptions but omit
from the key.

1059 (- — ). DENDROCTONUS BOREALIS Hopk., 1909-a, 133.

"Nearly black, elytra more or less reddish. Head with front convex,
with faint anterior and posterior impressions and faint anterior line.
Punctures of pronotum distinctly irregular, posterior half of pro-episternal
area not punctured; punctures of pronotum and elytra moderately coarse.
Blytral strise scarcely impressed except in dorsal area, those of declivity
not deeply impressed. Interspaces scarcely coarser and but faintly ru-
gose, except toward base and vertex." Length 6 mm. "The short, stouter
form, short and broad pronotum, with the punctures more uniform in size,
punctures of dorsal stria? of elytra finer and less distinct, distinguish this
from allied species." (Hopkins.) Length 6 mm.

Alaska and Labrador.

1060 (- -). DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS Kirby, 1837, No. 261, 195.
Elytra red, thorax, head and abdomen reddish-brown. Head convex,

with faint anterior and posterior impression and short anterior line,
punctures of the posterior part of pro-episternal area, the more distinctly red
terior half of pro-episternal area punctured. Strias of elytral declivity not
deeply impressed and with fine punctures; elytral strise scarcely im-
pressed except toward suture; strial punctures moderately coarse; inter-
spaces with rugosities moderately coarse, sparse and acute. The coarse
punctures of the posterior part of pro-episternal area, the more distinctly red
elytra, the bright red hairs and the much less distinctly impressed elytra]
strise of the lateral area, are distinctive characters. Length 6.2 — 6.7 mm.

Lat. 65°, Hudson Bay territory; White Fish Point, Lake Su-
perior; Grand Island, Mich.

Tribe VI. PHLCEOTRIBINI.

Body stout; head exposed or rarely concealed from above; an-
tennal club subglobose, compressed to laminate, never conical
(Fig. 136, D) ; pronotum always broader than long, with anterior
dorsal area commonly smooth ; tarsi with third joint simple or
bilobed.

KEY TO GENERA OF PHLCEOTRIBINI.

a. Club of antennse lamellate. (Fig. 137, I.) I. PHLCEOPHTHORUS.

aa. Club of antennae globose,
ft. Anterior coxaa separated.

c. Antennal club with suture. II. PHLCEOSINUS.
cc. Antennal club solid. (Fig. 137, F.) III. CHRAMESUS.

6&. Anterior coxse contiguous.

d. Eyes kidney-shaped. IV. CARPHOBORUS.
dd. Eyes divided. V. POLYGRAPHUS.

656 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

I. PHLGEOPHTHORUS Wollaston, 1854. (Or., "bark"-f "destroyer.")

The species formerly included in PJilwotrilms are now found to
belong to PhlceophtJiorus, which is separated from the older genus
as follows :

a. Antennae approximate on the front, with very long funicular joints,
club consisting of three long lamellae, thickly pubescent.

PHLCEOTRIBUS.

aa. Antennae distant on the front, with elongate, 3-jointed club, the sepa-
rate joints of which are not greatly produced laterally.

PHLCEOPHTHORUS.

Either genus is immediately distinguished from the other
genera by the lamellate club of antenna?, composed of three sepa-
rate joints; head but little prolonged in front of eyes, antennal
groove absent; tibia? dilated, compressed, serrate at tip, inner
angle slightly mucronate; tarsal joints 1 — 3 short, gradually a
little wider, third not emarginate, fourth very small ; basal mar-
gin of elytra arcuate, n cutely elevated and serrate, strijp with

~ « •

large punctures; thorax uniformly punctured.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF PHLCEOPHTHORUS.

o. Club with lateral extensions of segments more than twice as long as

their width at base.

1}. Thorax rugose towards sides and base, rugosely punctured on dor-
sal area. 1061. SCABRICOIXIS.
b&. Thorax finely punctate throughout. 1062. LIMINABIS.
oo. Club with lateral extensions of segments not more than twice as

long as wide.

o. Club with lateral extensions of segments about twice as long as

wide. 1063. FRONTAI.IS.

co. Club with lateral extensions about as long as wide. 1064. PICE^E.

1061 (— — ). PHLCEOPHTHORUS SCABRICOLLIS sp. nov.

Length, male type, 2.3 mm., width, 1.35 mm. Pronotum black, slightly
narrower than elytra with irregular rugosities, extending towards sides
and base, dorsal area opaque and closely rugosely punctured. Elytra
reddish-brown, stria? narrow, impressed, and closely punctured, inter-
spaces broad, flat, rugose with two or three irregular rows of fine scale-
like hairs, lateral margin of declivity sparsely serrat-e. Front narrow,
concave, eyes not emarginate; antennal club with three moderately long
sublaminate joints, scape much longer than the 5-jointed funicle and
sparsely fringed with moderately long hairs. Type, Cat. No. 7485, U. S.
National Museum. (Described by A. D. H.)

Hessville, Ind., July 14; TV. S. P.latchley, collector. This spe-
cies is very different from any of the North American or Euro-
pean species of PJilcpoplitJioi-iis but comes closer to Plilceotn'bus
(PMceophthorus] scabratufi Blandf. The very long laminre of the

TRIBE VI. PHLCEOTRIBIXI.

657

antennal club suggests a closer affinity with the true Phloeotribns
than in any other species of the genus PMocopJitltorua which in-
cludes our typical species P. frontal is Oliv. and P. liininaris
Harris. No true Plilceotribus has yet been recognized from the U.
S. (Hopkins.)

1062 (9159). PHLCEOPHTHORUS LIMINABTS Harris, Rep. Ins. Inj. Veg.,
1852, 78.

Closely allied to the next but differing by the finer punctuation of
thorax, elytral intervals flat, without acute granules though still feebly
serrate at sides and apex, and by the much longer, lamellate joints of
antennae. Length 2.2 mm.

Occurs from Atlantic States and Canada to Tennessee, depre-
dating on peach. New Jersey, May, on peach, plum, cherry.
Food plants, Pninits persica. arnieniaca, cerasus. xcrofina : /'///•//*
mains. (Swaine.) Originally falsely accused of causing the dis-
ease known as "yellows" on peaches, this species is now known
to attack only moribund peach and allied trees. It runs trans-
verse galleries in the inner bark, two diverging from a common
entrance chamber, in which many eggs are laid at close intervals.
These hatching, the young grubs make their expanding sinuous
channels at right angles to the parent galleries. The remedy is
to cut and burn the infested trees. In West Virginia Hopkins
found adults in February, April, May, July and November. They
hibernate in the outer bark of living trees. In Europe a similar
species is found on olive.

1063 (9160). PHLCEOPHTHORUS FKONTALIS Oliv., 1795, 78.

Small, cylindrical, short, Brown, antennae and legs ferruginous,
clothed with short stiff hairs. Head in male broadly concave, armed with

a small, erect, acute spine each side above
the insertion of the antenna, the spines
varying in length according to the indi-
vidual; head in female nearly flat with a
faint crescentic impression. Antennae with
3-jointed lamellate club, joints not more
than twice as wide as long, funicle short, 5-
jointed. Thorax finely not densely granu-
late-punctate. Elytra with basal margins
separately arcuate, acute and serrate, and
with deep striae of large punctures; inter-
vals narrow with single rows of small
acute granules, sides and apex strongly ser-
rate. Tibia? dilated, compressed, obliquely rounded and serrate at tip,

with the inner angle slightly mucronate. Length 1.5 — 2 mm. (Fig.152.)

058 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID^E.

Marion, Lawrence and Posey counties, Ind., frequent; April
14 — July 29. Swarthmore, Pa., Jan. 15. (Wenzel.) Occurs from
Atlantic States to Florida, westward to Iowa. Found in bark of
old stumps in swamps in South Carolina. (Zimmerman.) Min-
ing under green bark on living injured and dying mulberry and
in broken branches, April 9 — Dec. 4, the adults hibernating in
outer bark on living trees. (Hopkins.) Besides mulberry, Swaine
gives hackberry and paper mulberry as food plants. Schwarz
(1893, 146) states that in the last named the irritation caused by
the working of the female starts an abnormal growth, consisting
of ridges, blisters and tubercles, which produce a resemblance to
an incipient black-knot.

1064 (- -). PHLCEOPHTHORUS I-ICE^E Swaine, Can. Ent, XLIII, 1911, 220.

More slender than liminaris or frontalis. Brown to black, sparsely
hairy. Antennae with club of three segments, each with lateral dilations
less elongate than in frontalis; head subglobose. Thorax with lateral
margins slightly, front margin broadly rounded, sparsely clothed with
rather stout yellowish hairs arising from the sparsely placed, sligntly
tuberculate, very coarse punctures. Elytra rather elongate, sides sub-
parallel, strongly narrowed behind, base raised and margined with stout
recurved crescentic tubercles, deeply punctate-striate, strife with large,
deep, closely placed punctures; intervals strongly raised, carinate, with
a row of setose tubercles; larger behind, forming serrations on declivity.
Tibiae with one submarginal and six distal spines and tubercles, clothed
with long hairs. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Province of Quebec, Canada. In dead but green branches of
Picea canadensis Mill.

II. PHLOSOSINUS Chapuis, 1869. (Gr., "bark"+"curse.")

Small species, somewhat resembling Phlceoplitlior-us frontalis,
but usually larger (2 — 3.5 mm.) ; eyes deeply emarginate in front;
pubescence fine, more or less sparse, thorax simply punctured;
declivity of elytra more or less tuberculate with first and third
intervals elevated, more strongly in male; front coxae separated.
(Fig. 136, D.) The species depredate on cedars and allied trees
in Europe and this country, a western species attacking even the
giant sequoias of California.

1065 (9171). PHLCEOSINUS DENTATUS Say, 1825, 258; ibid. II, 319.

Subcylindrical. Head, thorax and under surface piceous; elytra
dark reddish-brown, antennae and legs paler. Antennae with 5-jointed
funicle. first joint rounded, remaining four joints closely united and
gradually broader, club large, oval, obtusely pointed. Head granulate-
punctate, front not carinate. Thorax wider than long, apex strongly
oblique, the prosternum being only one-half as wide as pronotum, disc

TRIBE VI. PHLCEOTRIBINI. 659

finely, deeply, not densely punctate. Elytra with declivity finely tuber-
culate or serrate, more abrupt and flattened, striae impressed and scarcely
punctured; intervals wide, densely and strongly granulate and rugose,
the rugosities becoming acute tubercles on declivity of alternate intervals;
second interval not depressed on declivity and with a row of smaller tu-
bercles in some specimens. Tibiae acutely serrate, tarsi with joints 1 — 3
equal, the third bilobecl, fifth nearly equal to others united. Male with
first and third intervals elevated, the declivity with rows of rather prom-
inent tubercles. Female declivity with rows of granules in place of tu-
bercles. Length 2 — 3.5 mm.

Chews Landing1, N. J., on cedar, entering in June ; West Point,
N. Y., May 23. District of Columbia under bark of juniper.
Utopia, Fla., March 4. Kansas, mining under green bark on logs,
stumps, tops of dying and injured red cedars and in their broken
branches, May 23 (Riley). Eastern and Middle United States,
Canada and New Mexico, on Junipcnts and Thuja. (Swainc.)
Excavates a single short, longitudinal egg gallery from the en-
trance burrow and basal chamber in the bark and surface of wood
of juniper and eastern arbor vitjp, the mines as a rule being ex-
tremely regular and the wood very prettily sculptured. P. scr-
ratus Lee. (1868, 170) is a synonym of den tat us.

1066 (9172). PHLCKOSIMUS PUNCTATUS Lee., 1876, 381.

Differs only in the wider, more strongly punctured striae, and narrower,
less densely granulated and rugose intervals, with the second depressed on
the declivity, shining, sparsely punctured and narrower than the adjacent
ones. Front finely but distinctly carinate. Male, front excavated, excava-
tion smooth at middle and anteriorly with a small tubercle. Tubercles on
elytral declivity more prominent, Female, front not excavated but with a
narrow median carina not reaching vertex; tubercles on elytral declivity
smaller. Length 2 mm.

Occurs at Lake Superior and in Oregon (LcConte) ; Rocky
Mountain region on Liboccdrus decurrens and giant arbor vita?,
ChaimcBcyparis lawsoniana (Swaine) ; excavating a single
straight or curved subtransverse gallery from a basal chamber in
the living bark and surface of wood of giant arbor vita?, incense
cedar and Port Orford cedar. (Hopkins.)

III. CHRAMESUS LeConte, 1868. (Gr., "rodent or gnawer.")

This genus, confined to North and South America, is distin-
guished by its oval, convex body, covered with erect short bristles,
and remarkable antenna?, consisting of 5-jointed funicle and sin-
gle-jointed club, attached to the funicle on its side. (Fig 137, F.)
The club is compressed, pubescent and without trace of sutures
on either side.

660 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

1067 (9154). CHRAMESUS ICORI.*; Lee., 1868, 168.

Oval, convex. Black, not shining, antennae yellow; above clothed with
short, stiff, ashy hairs, with rows of longer erect bristles on the intervals

of elytra. Head large, prominent, concave in
male, slightly convex in female, feebly
punctured. Thorax broader than long,
strongly narrowed in front, coarsely, not
densely punctured, feebly bisinuate at base,
rounded on sides. Elytra about twice as
long as thorax, convex, obtusely rounded
behind, basal margin acute and subserrate,
'53- ' very obsoletely striate, finely, not densely

punctulate. Tibia? gradually dilated, feebly serrate; tarsi with joints 1 — 3
very short, third scarcely dilated, fourth joint nearly as long as others
united. Length 1.5 mm. (Fig. 153.)

Westville, N. J., June 16. (Wenzel.) Dubois and Posey
counties, Ind., scarce; May 14 — June 6. Described from specimens
bred from twigs of hickory from Columbia, Pa. Occurs in Can-
ada, Eastern, Middle and Western United States. ( Swain e.)
West Virginia, mining under partly green bark on cut branches
and tops of dying hickory; adults. April, June. October. (Hop-
kins.)

Chramesus chapuisii Lee. (1876, 375) differs from icoricr only by the
intervals of elytra being densely clothed with small, thick scales and sin-
gle rows of rather short bristles, and by the striae being narrower and finely
crenulate instead of coarsely punctured; the males with fringe of rather
long, sparse and stiff bristles on antennal scape. It was described from a
single Louisiana male and may occur in our territory.

IV. CARPHOBORUS Eichhoff, 1864. (Gr., "chaff" + "devour.")

Funicle 5-jointed; club 3-jointed, oval, thick, slightly longer
than wide, transversely annulated, obtuse at tip, glabrous at base;
eyes emarginate in front, mouth clothed with long coarse hair;
thorax uniformly finely punctured ; elytra with striae of quadrate
punctures, intervals finely roughened, the first and third elevated
and serrate on the declivity; tibiae moderately dilated, front one
with two acute teeth near apex on outer side and long terminal
hook on inner angle; first joint of tarsi minute, shorter than
second, third cordate, not broader, emarginate, fourth as long
as the others united. Two small species (1.5 — 2 mm.) of dull,
densely punctured surface, clothed with very small yellowish
scales represent the genus.
1068 (9177). CARPHOBORUS BIFURCUS Eich., 1868, 147.

Slender, cylindrical. Black, elytra brown, the whole body covered with
fine, ashy scale-like hairs, without lustre, antennae and legs ferruginous-
yellow. Beak very short, front convex. Thorax convex, shorter than wide,

TRIBE VI. PHLCEOTRIBINI. 661

apical margin rounded, very finely granulately punctured, with a faint,
smooth dorsal line. Elytra cylindrical, moderately slender, strongly punc-
tate-striate, third interval moderately elevated toward tip, the first also
elevated, the second slightly narrowed on declivity. Male with two small
approximate tubercles on front, which is uniformly convex in female. Length
1.5 mm.

Occurs in pine from New Jersey and District of Columbia to
Tennessee and Florida. The European species of the genus live
polygamously on pine, the parent galleries being star-shaped.
Packard found bifurcus at Montgomery, Ala., under bark of
southern pine, making a long, sinuous., narrow primary gallery,
from which rather short secondary galleries run out at nearly
right angles.

1069 (9178). CARPHOBORUS BICRISTATUS Chap., 1869, 97.

Differs only in being larger, the greater elevation of the crests formed
by the elevations of the first and third intervals and the consequently more
evidently narrowed second interval. Length 1.8 mm.

Anglesea, New Jersey. Georgia, under pine bark.

V. POLYGRAPHUS* Erichson, 1836. (Gr., "much" -j- "writing.")
Small cylindrical species, narrowed in front, rounded behind ;
head of male with one, and sometimes two acute tubercles in
front; female without acute tubercles in front; base of elytra
straight, asperate. They occur in the eastern and northern
states, in Canada and West Virginia, at times in incredible num-
bers, and constitute an important part of the insects destructive
to spruce. (Hopkins, 1901-b.)

1070 (9157). POLYGRAPHUS RUFIPENNIS Kirby, 1837, 193.

Black, elytra dull red, legs, mouth and antennae rufous; minutely punc-
tured, hairs white, decumbent, like minute scales. Antennae with long,
strongly clavate scape, and 5-jointed funicle, first joint stout, as long as the
others united, 2 — 5 gradually increasing in thickness, short, closely united,
forming a conical mass; club strongly compressed, pubescent, without
sutures, oval-pointed, with lower side less curved than upper and broader
at base. Eyes divided, the two parts connected by a smooth corneous line,
along which a few separate lenses may be scattered. Thorax simply, very
thickly and minutely punctate. Elytra rugosely punctulate, scarcely striate,
or with several rows of larger punctures; clothed with small stout scales
and with rows of scarcely longer erect bristles, pubescence short, coarse,
depressed and of a yellowish-gray color. Ventral segments nearly equal,
first and fifth slightly longer. Tibiae moderately dilated with three or four
small teeth near tip, which is obliquely truncate, the inner angle slightly
mucronate; tarsi slender, third joint not emarginate, fourth small but dis-
tinct, fifth as long as the others united. Length 2 2.5 mm.

*The generic name Lt-pisoinus Kirliy (1837) is also used for these species. We
adhere to the name in use until the continuation of Dr. Hopkins' work fixes the generic
position of each species.

(>G2 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

Steuben Co., Ind. ; June 15. Scotia Junction, Out., July 22.
(Wenzel.) Tyjie from. Lat. G5°. Ranges from Canada and
Maine to Alaska, south to Georgia and Louisiana; common iu
the northern and Appalachian spruce region. In West Virginia
adults occur from March to November; mining under green bark
on logs, tops, stum] is, broken branches, living, injured and dying
spruce. Excavates three or four short, curved egg galleries from
a large central chamber in the surface of the inner bark, through
the bark and slightly grooving the wood of black, red and white
spruce, and rare in balsam fir. (Hojil-his.} By far the com-
monest secondary enemy of spruce in West Virginia and exceed-
ingly common in Maine, its habit of infesting the tops of trees
immediately after the middle portion of the trunk has been at-
tacked by Dentl rod onus piccaj>cr<1<i makes it one of the most
efficient allies of the primary enemy.

P. nigriceps Kirby, said by LeConte to be synonymous with rufipennis,
was described from Lat. 65° as smaller (2 mm.), rufous, head black, with
elytral rows of punctures less conspicuous. Kirby's figure of rufipennis
shows plainly the "rows of larger punctures" he described, and contradicts
LeConte's description of the elytra as "scarcely striate."

1071 (9158). POLYGRAPHUS BREVicoRNis Kirby, 1837, 194.

Described as Apate (Lepisomus) and doubtfully referred to Polygrapnus
by LeConte; differs, if a Polygraplius, by the shorter antennae with smaller
club. Kirby's description reads: "Body black, covered with hoary hairs,
above resembling scales; antennae very short with a small knob, rufous;
front without a tubercle, nose not impressed; elytra not striated; this
species seems to indicate another section of the genus," meaning Lepisomus,
which he created for rufipennis.

Locality, Hudson Bay Territory. Lat. 65°.

Tribe VII. HYLESININI.

Pronotum with anterior dorsal area commonly smooth; head
exposed, not concealed from above; antennal club usually conical,
rarely compressed; tarsi with third joint bilobed. (Fig. 139, G.)

KEY TO GENERA OF HYLESININI.

a. Funicle of antennae G-jointed. TOMICUS.*

aa. Funicle of antenna? 7-jointed.

b. Antennal club elongate-oval, pointed, slightly compressed.

I. HYLESINUS.

*Tomicus pinificrda Linn. (1758, 563), a common European insect called "Wald-
gartner," is credited to North America by Hagedorn (1910) under Myclophilus. Le-
Conte (1876) mentions (under genus Blastophagtis) the accidental introduction of this
species, erroneously described by him in 1868 as Hylitrgits aiialogiis, and compared it
with the European H. ligniperda on the basis of an erroneously identified specimen.
Headlee has recently called attention to its occurrence in Scotch fir standing in a
nursery in New Jersey and figures its work in the terminal twigs, but it does not appear
to be established in the United States.

TRIBE VII. HYLESININI. 663

&&. Antennal club oval, annulated, not compressed.

c. First, second and fifth ventral segments subequal, third and fourth
shorter; front coxae widely separated.

d. Club with first and second segments subequal, each as long as

third and fourth united. (Fig. 137, D.) II. HYLASTINUS.

dd. Club with first segment much longer than second, nearly as long

as second, third and fourth united. III. SCIERUS.

cc. First and fifth ventral segments longer than others; front coxae

narrowly separated or contiguous.

e. Mesosternum protuberant; third joint of tarsi dilated and bi-

lobed; elytra separately rounded at base. IV. HYLURKOPS.

ee. Mesosternum not protuberant; third joint of tarsi about as wide

as second, emarginate; bases of elytra in a straight line, not

separately rounded. V. HYLASTES.

I. HYLESINUS Fabr., 1801. (Gr., "woods" -f- ''scourge.")
The few species which we have are readily distinguished by

the elytral pattern formed by the scales, being the only ornate

species in the family.

KEY TO EASTERN SPECIES OF HYLESINUS.*

a. Bands of elytra oblique. 1072. ACULEATUS.

aa. Bands of elytra transverse. 1073. FASCIATUS.

1072 (9163). HYLESINUS ACULEATUS Say, 1823, 322; ibid, II, 181.

Cylindrical, elongate. Blackish-brown, thickly clothed with very short,
ashy, squamiform hairs; thorax with side margins and a large spot on
middle, and elytra with fifth interval from base to middle, blackish-brown;
the color is then divided into two branches and prolonged obliquely to
suture; humeri ferruginous as are also the antenna? and legs. Beak with
groove, less developed than in preceding genera. Antennae with 4-jointed
club which is very slightly compressed, annulated, uniformly finely pubes-
cent, oval-pointed. Head visible from above, more flattened in male, with
large, transverse, finely granulated eyes. Elytra with rows of small, acute
tubercles on intervals, visible, however, only in abraded specimens. Ven-
tral segments convex, nearly equal, first and fifth somewhat longer,
sutures deep and straight. Tibia? dilated, serrate on outer margin; third
joint of tarsi deeply bilobed. Length 2.2 — 3.4 mm.

Steuben, Marion, Yigo and Crawford counties, Tnd.. scarce;
March 31 — July 4 ; taken on the wing in early spring. Swarth-
more, Pa., June. (Wenzcl.) Stonington, Conn., May 14. Occurs
in Canada and United States from Atlantic to Pacific. Food
plant, ash, (Fraatinus). Dr. Hopkins states that this species ex-
cavates two long, transverse galleries from a central entrance
burrow and side cavity on the living bark of injured, dying or
felled ash trees, mining also under green bark of logs, stumps and
dying trees. In West Virginia adults were noted June 20, July

*H. fraxini Panz., cited by Hagedorn (1910), and H. impcrialis Eich., cited by
LeConte from Georgia and by Swaine from New York are omitted for lack of confirma-
tion. H. ofacuhis Lee. is a synonym of Hylurgops rufipes. The name Ptcleobius is
used in Europe for Hylesinus.

664

FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID.E.

24 and August 10. The European species fra acini has similar
habits, the adults causing, according to Reitter, a growth on the
bark by their nibbling, known as "Riudeurosen" (bark roses).

1073 (9164). HYLESINUS FASCIATUS Lee., 1868, 170.

Elliptical, convex. Brownish-black, slightly pubescent, densely cov-
ered with black opaque scales, fasciate with ashy as described below. An-
tennas with club one-half longer than wide, regularly oval, less acute than
usual, basal part less pubescent and more shining. Head concave, with a
narrow, polished median line. Prothorax twice as wide as long, strongly
narrowed in front, broadly rounded on the sides, near base and apex with
bands of pale scales and hairs, the hinder one broadly interrupted at middle.
Elytra with band before middle consisting of a large sutural spot and
some smaller ones toward sides, a narrow, nearly complete band behind
middle, composed of pale ashy scales; tip with a few ashy scales; strife
deep, punctured. Length 1.5 mm.

Crawford Co., Ind., rare; June 26. Clementon, N. J., May 20,
infesting young shoots of healthy white ash. District of Colum-
bia, rare, infesting twigs of Fmxinus. Described from York Co.,
Pa.

II. HYLASTINUS Bedel, 1888. (Derivative of Hylastes.}
Antennae inserted at a distance from the eyes, the scrobes not
reaching their front margin, second interspace over the deep
side furrows of elytra towards the apex toothed ; side pieces of
middle and hind sterna thickly whitish pubescent; elytra! inter-
vals with rows of setre but at most sparingly pubescent; thorax
almost glabrous, punctate without rugre, the elevation at base of
elytra feebly arcuate. Contains one species, variously placed in
Hylesinus and Hylastes, but considered by Reitter (1913) to
present characters of sufficient importance to justify its generic
separation.

1074 (11,255). HYLASTINUS OBSCURUS Marsh., 1802, 57.

Small, short, cylindrical. Dark brown. Beak broad, short but evident.
Antennae inserted in deep grooves at tip of
beak, funicle 7-jointed, club 4-jointed, loose,
first two joints large, equal, the last two smaller.
Head visible from above. Thorax irregularly
punctate with a trace of a middle line without tu-
bercles or teeth. Elytra with deep strias of punc-
tures, intervals with a single row of setse, declivity
gradually oblique without teeth or tubercles, basal
margin dentate, arcuate either side of scutellum.
Front coxse widely separated by a. prolongation of
prosternum; tibiaa all dentate on outer margin.
Length 2.2 — 2.5 mm. (Fig. 154.)

Fi(gAfter4' Forces)7' Marion Co., Ind., scarce; April 26. A Eu-

ropean insect, reported as destructively abun-

TRIBE VII. HYLBSININI. 665

clant in central New York in 1878, which has spread westward to
Indiana, and is also known on the Atlantic coast south to Penn-
sylvania. Apparently not yet known in New England or south-
ward.* It passes the winter in the adult stage within the roots
in which it has developed, leaving them in May and June to
deposit eggs either in the crown of the plant or on the side of the
root slightly below the crown. The larvae burrow downward into
the root, continuing to eat until August or October, when pupa-
tion takes place. The effect on the plant is similar to that of
prolonged drought, but as the plants are exempt from attack in
the first year, when the roots are scarcely large enough for the
grubs, the remedy is summer fallowing as soon as the hay crop
is removed. In this country the plant especially attacked has
been red clover, Trifoliwii pratense L. ; in Europe other species
of clover and Spartinuvi scoparium, Ononis natrix and Ulev
europwus are also cited as food plants. H. trifolii Mull, is a
synonym.

III. SCIERUS Lee., 1876.

Contains a single species, included by Hagedorn (1910) as
a subgenus of Hylastes but separated by SAvaine (1909) on ac-
count of first joint of antennal club being nearly as long as
joints 2, 3 and 4 united.

1075 (9188). SCIERUS ANNECTENS Lee., 1876, 390.

Oblong-cylindrical. Dark brown, opaque, thinly clothed with very
short, depressed yellow hairs. Beak flat, punctured and hairy, about twice
as wide as long, not impressed or carinate. Antennae with 7-jointed funicle
and 4-jointed ovate pointed club, the first joint of which is smooth, shin-
ing and nearly as long as the others united. Head convex, visible from
above. Prothorax one-third wider than long, rounded on the sides, nar-
rowed in front, densely and strongly punctured, with a narrow dorsal line,,
sometimes obsolete. Elytra wider than thorax, basal margin rather acute,
finely serrate; strise deeply impressed, punctured, intervals wider than
striae, scabrous with transverse rugosities, becoming asperate on sides
toward tip; intervals also become more convex on declivity, third and
ninth uniting near tip and joining the first. Beneath coarsely and sparsely
punctured and pubescent. First and second ventral segments equal, third
and fourth shorter, fifth as long as second. Legs lighter brown, tibiae
dilated and broadly serrate. Length 3.G mm.

Described from Anticosti Island, British Columbia, and Van-
couver. Reported also from Maine, but apparently not a well
known species. Food plant, Picea.

*Circ. No. 67, U. S. Div. Ent., Webster, is especially devoted to this insect.

066

FAMILY IV. SCOLYTID^.

IV. HYLURGOPS Lec., 1876. (Gr., "wood? + "destroyer.")

Treated as a subgenus of Hylastcs by Hagedorn (1010) but
retained as distinct by Swaine and by Reitter, the differences
being as given in key, and in fact used by Elrichson (1836) in
separating the species included. As pointed out by LeConte,
they are quite different in form from true Hylastcs, and resemble
Den drocto nits, the pro thorax being more narrowed forwards and
more finely and densely punctured, while the bases of elytra are
separately rounded. (Fig. 137, O.)

1076 (9199). HYLURGOPS PINIFEX Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc., 1851, 43.
Stout, cylindrical, narrowed in front. Deep chestnut red or black,

tinged with chestnut, with a thin, fine, short beard on hind part of elytra;
under surface black. Beak carinate, front transversely impressed; an-
tennas with 7-jointed funicle and 4-jointed club, the first joint of which is
as long as the others united. Head convex, visible from above. Thorax
broader than long, narrowed in front, slightly tubulate, with fine dorsal
line, finely and densely punctured. Basal margin of elytra subacute and
subserrate, separately rounded at base, apex slightly broader than base,
deeply striate with quadrate punctures; intervals of stria? with series of
small tubercles and short yellow hairs in posterior half. Prosternal ridges
acute, mesosternum protuberant, first and fifth ventral segments dis-
tinctly longer than the others. Front coxa? contiguous; legs dark chestnut,
tibia? with fine denticulations along outer margin, third joint of tarsi di-
lated and bilobed. Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Laporte Co., Tnd., scarce ; August 26. Described from New
York, the type taken from pine lumber in mill yards early in
May ; mining under bark of spruce stumps in November in Maine.
(Packard.) Lake Superior, Canada. Ohio, New Jersey, attacking
pine, mining, in green bark or dying trees. Treated by most
American authors as a synonym of glabratus but retained as
distinct by Swaine.

1077 (9199). HYLUBGOPS GLABBATUS Zett., 1828, 343.

Male wth slightly deeper transverse impressions
in front and with a longer longitudinal elevated line
above base of mandibles. Female with frontal trans-
verse line present, but shorter in some individuals
and obsolete in others. (Fig. 155.)

This is a European insect, very similar to
the preceding and its citation in our lists per-
haps results from applying the European
name to our insect. It occurs throughout
Europe under pine bark, eating long tunnels
in the bast, the closely placed larval tunnels

Fig. 155. X 3.
(After Felt.)

TRIBE VII. HYLESININI. 667

become confluent along the middle, and only the pupal chambers
are isolated. Under the name glaljratus (with pinifcx cited as a
synonym, Hopkins (1893-a) gives dates for appearance of adults
May 3 — June 29, young larvae, June 13, full grown larvae, July 14,
pupae, October 4. In West Virginia it mines under green bark
at base of dying pines, also on logs and stumps.

1078 (9166). HYLUIJUOPS RUFIPES* Eichhoff, 1868, 147.

Cylindrical. Brownish-black, opaque, thinly clothed with short, stiff
yellowish hairs. Has a deceptive resemblance to PhlrcopMliorus frontalis,
separable, however, by the antennas having 7-jointed funicle and club sub-
ovate, nearly twice as long as wide, and more shining toward base. Head
convex, visible from above, thickly punctured; beak short. Thorax nearly
as long as wide, narrowed in front, sides subsinuate near tip, densely but
not finely punctured, with a very narrow faint dorsal carina. Elytra with
striae composed of deep subquaclrate punctures, intervals narrow, rough
with transverse rugosities. Length 2 — 2.5 mm.

Frequent throughout Indiana, Jan. 17 — Oct. IS; on fungus-
covered elm stumps, under bark. Atco, N. J., April 9, on wild
cherry. (Wenzel.) Described from Pennsylvania by LeConte.
New York and West Virginia, northward to Canada. Food
plants, Vlmiis and Fraxinus. H. opaculus Lee. (1868, 170) is a
synonym.

V. HYLASTES Erichson, 1836. (Gr., "woodman.")
This genus, after separating those which precede it, includes
those Ipini in which the special modifications of the subfamily
are least developed and the resemblance to Cossoninae is greatest.
The antennal grooves of the short, stout beak, the dilated, emar-
giuate but not bilobed third joint of tarsi, the exserted prominent
head, the absence of tubercles and spines on thorax and elytra,
are all characteristic of its position near one end of the family.
The characters which specially separate it from the preceding
genera are the contiguous front coxae; first and fifth ventral
segments longer than the others, mesosternum not protuberant,
and particularly the base of elytra in a straight line, not sepa-
rately rounded as in Hylurgops.

KEY TO EASTERN .SPECIES OF HYLASTES.

a. Beak carinated.

&. Thorax densely coarsely punctate; elytra subdepressed, striae coarsely
punctate, intervals narrow, granulate-rugose. 1079. PORCULUS.

lib. Thorax less deeply punctate; disc of elytra convex, narrow; striae
finely punctate, intervals wider, coarsely transversely rugose.

1080. SALEBROSTJS.

*In recent correspondence Dr. Hopkins refers this species to Hylesimtf.

668 FAMILY IV. SCOLYTIDJE.

aa. Beak not carinated; small, slender, dark brown, elytra coarsely punc-
tured in rows, with rows of short, suberect hairs.

c. Intervals of elytra opaque, rough with small granules. 1081. TENTHS.
cc. Intervals of elytra somewhat shining, rugose. 1082. EXILIS.

H. nigrinus Mann, mentioned by Evans (1895) and H. scobinosus Eich.
(1868, 146) are omitted as doubtfully occurring in eastern America.

1079 (9192). HYLASTES. PORCULUS Erichs., 1836, 49.

Cylindrical, stout, narrowed in front. Nearly black, except feet and
antennae which are chestnut red. Beak short, stout, obliquely excavated on
side for reception of antennae, which have short, 7-jointed funicle, small
oval, distinctly annulated club, of which the basal half is shining and nearly
glabrous; head visible from above. Thorax deeply excavated for reception
of head, deeply punctured, marked with a distinct smooth dorsal line.
Tibiae broadly dilated and serrate; first and fifth ventral segments con-
spicuously longer than others. Length 4 — 4.5 mm.

Malaga, N. J., April 30, in pine roots. (Wenzel.) Occurs in
the Atlantic coast states from New York to Florida, west to
Michigan, Colorado and Alaska, "in bark of dying pine." (Hop-
kins. ) Fitch's type was captured the middle of July in his yard.
H. carbonari us Fitch and ccircmosus 7Amm. are synonyms.

1080 (— — ). HYLASTES SALEBROSUS Eich., 1868, 146.

Resembles the preceding so closely that the differences only will be
given. Zimmerman says "prothorax slightly longer than wide [but shorter
than in porculus], less deeply punctate, elytra very deeply striate, striae
less evidently punctured, intervals very deeply rugose," Eichhoff (1896)
says "disk of elytra strongly convex, fine punctures at the bottom of the
narrow elytral striae, and with coarsely transversely rugose interstices,
which are wider than in the allied species." Length 4.5 — 5 mm.

Occurs in Atlantic States and Eastern Canada. Food plant,
unknown. This is the porculus of LeConte (1ST6), he having
erred in identification. H. scabripenms Zinim. is a synonym.

1081. (9196). HYLASTES TENTHS Eich., 1868, 147.

Slender, dull black, tolerably thickly clothed with short yellow hairs.
Beak not carinated, broadly transversely impressed near tip, antennae and
head as in preceding. Thorax longer than wide, thickly punctured, with a
smooth, slightly elevated line, somewhat indistinct, nearly straight on the
sides, apex broadly, base feebly rounded. Elytra with broad flat striae
thickly set with transverse punctures, intervals very narrow and elevated;
tibiae coarsely serrate. Length 2 — 3.75 mm.

Sanford and Dunedin, Florida, scarce. January 14 — Nov. 1 ;
taken beneath bark of pine. Occurs in Atlantic States, from
Quebec to Florida and Texas; also in California. Food plant,

TRIBE VII. HYLESININI. 669

pine. With this species, following Swaine, we include H. gracilis
Lee., described from California, as a synonym, though held a
separate species by some Coleopterists.

1082 (9197). HYLASTES EXILIS Chap., 1869, 76.

Nearly related to tennis, but thorax more coarsely punctured, intervals
of elytra not granulate, but rugosely punctured and less opaque. Length
2.5 mm.

Occurs in Florida. Food plant unknown.

-X-

Of the 1084 species of Rhynchophora described in this work,
as occurring in the United States and Canada east of the Mis-
sissippi River, 419 have been taken in Indiana, while 146 others
have a known range which indicates their very probable occur-
rence in that State. In the senior author's "Coleoptera of In-
diana" 2535 species (exclusive of the Rhynchophora) were fully
described and recorded, and 777 others were briefly described
and listed as probably occurring in the State. In the two works
we have, therefore, a total of 2954 described species of Coleoptera
from Indiana, and a tentative list of 923 additional species which
probably occur. There is very little doubt but that more than
4,000 species really exist within the State, as new ones are con-
tinually being discovered and the known range of many others
extended.

From Florida 441 species of the Rhynchophora herein de-
scribed have been recorded. Of these 193 are semitropical or
tropical species, 169 of which are recorded from Florida alone,
the other 24 only from Georgia and Florida. Only 9 species
are recorded exclusively from Georgia. A number of the Flor-
idian species, especially some of those from the Everglade Re-
gion and the southern keys, are tropical forms which occur also
in the West Indies or other countries. A few are known also from
Texas, New Mexico or Arizona, but no one of the 169 has been
recorded elsewhere from east of the Mississippi. A number of
them, however, doubtless occur in what is known as the Gulf
Strip of the Lower Austral Life Zone, along the southern edge
of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.

670 RHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The following are the principal works on Rhyuchophora to which ref-
erence has been made in the preceding pages. Single references have some-
times been given in full in the text and are not here repeated. A full
bibliography of Scolytid literature being given by Swaine, 1909, many of
the works cited by him are omitted as well as the numerous economic-
papers indexed by Henshaw and Banks. We have included also only a few
of the European writings and have abbreviated many titles on account of
the length of even the partial list we give.

Biological references in European works, especially those relating to
species that do not occur in our territory, have not been specifically quoted
in this work, though the data thereby given may be covered by the sum-
mary of the habits of the genus. The student especially interested in the
biology of our species will find many suggestive statements, drawn from
European species in the writings of Ferris, Bedel, Kleine and other foreign
authors.

ADAMS, CHAS. C.— 1908 — Col. Isle Royale.<Mich. Survey.

ALLARD, E.— 1864— Sitones.<Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., IV.

ASHMEAD, W. H. — 1880 — Orange Insects.

AUSTIN, E. P.— 1874— Col. Mt. Washington.<Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.

BANKS, N. — 1902 — Ins. on Nursery Stock.<Bull. 34, U. S. Bur. Ent.
BARBEY, A. — 1901 — Scolytides de 1'Europe centrale.

BEATTIE, W. R. — 1915 — Sweet Potatoes,<Farm. Bull. 324, U. S. Dept. Agr.
BEDEL, L. — 1879 — Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

1882— 1888— Faune des Col. du Bassin de la Seine, VI.
BESTIMMUNGSTABELLEN der europ. Coleopteren, viz:

1904 — Heft. 54.— Clonus, by Reitter, Paskau.

1907 — Heft. 59. — Mecinini, by Reitter, Brunn.

1907— Heft. 61. — Trachyphloeus, by Formanek, Paskau.

1912— Heft. 66.— Otiorhynchus, by Reitter, Paskau.

1912— Heft. 68.— Key to Tribes, by Reitter, Brunn.

1913 — Heft. 69.— Otiorhynchus, by Reitter, Paskau.

1913— Heft. 31.— Scolytida?, by Reitter, Paskau.
BEUTENMULLER, W. — 1893 — Food Habits.<Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
BILLBERG. — 1820 — Enum. Insect. Mus. Billb.
BIOLOGIA CENTRAL: — AMERICANA, Coleoptera, IV, 1889 — 1907.

BLANDFORD, 1895 — 1905— Scolytidse, Pt. 6.
CHAMPION. — 1902 — 1906 — Curculioninse, Pt. 4.

1906— 1909— Curculioninse, Pt. 5.

1909—1911 — Curculioninse, Pt. 7.

1911 — Otiorhynchinse Alatse, Ft. 3.
JORDAN.— 1906— 1907— Anthribidae, Pt. 6.
SHARP.— 1889— 1891 — Attelabina?, etc., Pt. 3.

1895 — Brenthidse, Pt. 6.

BLACKMAN, M. W.— 1915 — Life Hist, of Pityogenes.<Tech. Publ. Syr. Univ.
BLANCHARD, F. — 1884 — Balaninus,<Bull. Brk. Ent. Soc., VII.
BLANDFORD, W. F. H.— 1894— Notes on Scolytidae.<Ins. Life, VII.

See Biologia.
BLATCHLEY, W. S.— 1914— Notes on Fla. Col.<Can. Ent,, XLVI.

1916— New Sp. Col. from Ind. and Fla.<Can. Ent., XLVIII.
BOHEMAN, C. H.— 1829 — Novae Col. Spec.<Bull. Mosc.

See Schonherr.

BONSDORFF, G. — 1785 — Diss. Acad. Hist. Nat. Cure. Suec.
BOVIE, A. — 1905— Cat. des Anthrib.<Brux. Soc. Ent.
BROCHER, FRANK — 1909—1911 — Aquat. Col.<Ann. Biol. Lacustre.
BROOKS, FRED E.— 1906— The Grape Curculio.<Bull. 100, W. Va. Exp. Sta.

1909 — Grapecane Girdler and Gallmaker.<Bull. 119, W. Va. Exp. Sta.

1910— Snout Beetles that, injure Nuts.<Bull. 128, W. Va. Exp. Sta.
CASEY, T. L.— 1884— Cont. Desc. Syst. Col. U. S., Pt. 1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 671

1884— 1885— Same, Ft. 2.

1886 — Desc. Not, N. Amer. Col.<Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., II.

1888— No. Amer. Rhynch.<N. Y. Ac. Sci., IV.

1891— Col. Not. IlI.<Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VI.

1892— Col. Not. IV.<Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VI.

1894— Col. Not. V.<Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VII.

1895— Col. Not, VI.<Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VIII.

1897— Col. Not, VII.<Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., IX.

1904— On some New Coleop.<Can. Ent., XXXVI.

1910 — Balanini, etc.,<Can. Ent, XLII.
CASTELNAU — See LaPorte.

CHAMPLAIN, A. B. — 1911 — Col. from Conn.<Psyche, XVIII.
CHAMPION, G. C. — See Biologia.
CHAPUIS, F. — 1860 — Mon. d. Platypides.<Liege Soc. Sc.

1869 — Syn. d. Scolytides.<Mem. Soc. roy. Liege.
CHEVROLAT, A.— 1832 — Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., I.
CHITTENDEN, F. H. — 1889 — Notes on Habits.<Ent. Am., V.

1890 — Notes on Habits.<Ent. Am., VI.

1896 — Insects Inj. to Stored Grain.<Farm. Bull. 45, U. S. Dept. Agr.

1897— Strawberry Weevil,<Bull. 7, U. S. Div. Ent.

1897— Ins. Affect, Stored Products.<Bull. 8, U. S. Div. Ent.

1897— Col. Att. Useful Plants.<Bull. 9, U. S. Div. Ent.

1898— Fruit Tree Bark Beetle.<Bull. 29, U. S. Div. Ent,

1898 — Ins. Inj. to Beans and Peas.<Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr.

1899— Ins. Inj. Garden and Orchard Crops.<Bull. 19, U. S. Div. Ent.

1899— Ins. Inj. to White Pine.<Bull. 22, U. S. Div. Forestry.

1900— Bronze Apple Tree Weevil.<Bull. 22, U. S. Div. Ent.

1900— Ins. Inj. to Garden Crops.<Bull. 23, U. S. Div. Ent.

1901— Ins. Inj. to Violet, Rose, etc.<Bull. 27, U. S. Div. Ent.

1902-a— Ins. Inj. to Veget. Crops. <Bull. 33, U. S. Div. Ent.

1902-b — Palm and Palmetto Weevil.<Bull. 38, U. S. Div. Ent.

1903— Ins. Inj. to Sugar Beets.<Bull. 43, U. S. Div. Ent.

1904 — Ins. Inj. to Basket Willow.<Bull. 46, U. S. Div. Ent.

1904 — Sphenophorus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 127.

1905— Nut Weevils,<Yearbook, U. S. Dept. Agr.

1905-b — Sphenophorus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 50.

1906— Notaris,<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV.

1906-a — Sphenophorus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 166.

1908 — Balaninus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X.

1908— Bull. 64, U. S. Bur. Ent.

1908— The Nut Weevils,<Circ. 99, U. S. Bur. Ent.

1911— Broad Nosed Grain Weevil.<Bull. 96, Pt. II, U. S. Bur. Ent.
CLAIRVILLE, J. de — 1798 — Ent. helv. I.
COCKEREIX, T. D. A.— 1906 — On Preoccupied Names. < Ent. News, XVII.

COLEOPTEBOBTJM CATALOGUS, W. Jllllk.

Hagedorn, M.— 1910— Ipidse, Pt. 4.

Pape, P.— 1910 — Brachyceridae, Pt. 16.

Schonfeldt, H. von— 1910— Brenthidae, Pt. 7.

Strohmeyer, H.— 1912 — Platypodidas, Pt. 44.

Wagner, H.— 1910— Apioninae, Pt. 6.
COMSTOCK, J. H.— 1879— Report U. S. Ent.

COUPER, W. — 1882— 1883— List of Quebec Col.<Can. Sp. & Nat.
CURTIS, JOHN — 1824 — 1839— British Entomology, 16 vols.

DAVIS, WM. T.— 1907 — Ins. food of Squirrels.<Can. Ent. XXXIX.

DEGEER, C/ — 1775 — Mem. pour servir a 1'hist. d. ins.

DEJEAN, P. F. M. A.— 1837 — Cat. des. Coleop. 3. ed.

DIETZ, WM. G. — 1889 — Macrops,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XVI.

1890— Dendroctonus,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII.

1891 — Anthonomini,<Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XVIII.

1894— Desmori,<Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XXI.

1896— Ceutorhynchini,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII.
DUFTSCHMID, K. — 1805— Fauna Austria?, 3 vols.

072 IMIVNCHOPHORA OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

DURY, CHAS — 1902— Col. of Cincinnati, Ohio,<Journ. Cin. Soc. N. H., XX.

1906 — Additions to Col. of Cincinnati, Ohio.<Journ. Cin. Soc. N. H., XX.
DRURY, 1770—111. of Exot. Ent. I.

DUVAL, JACQUELIN — 1855 — Gen. Col. Cure.
1857 — Descriptions, <Sagra's Hist. Cuba.

EICHHOFF, W. — 1864—1871 — Desc. in Berl. Ent. Zeit.

1878 — Ratio Tomicinorum,<Mem. Soc. Liege, VIII.

1881— Die europ. Borkenkafer.

EICHHOFF & SCHAVARZ. — 1896— Synonymy,<Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
ERICHSON, W. F.- — 1836 — Wiegmann Arch. f. Naturg., I.
EVANS, J. D. — 1884 — Add. to Can. List.<Can. Ent.

1895 — Ins. Fauna Sudbury.<Can. Ent.
1899 — Col. Nova Scotia.<Can. Ent.
1906— Add. to Can. List.<Can. Ent.

FABRICIUS, J. C. — 1775 — Systema Entomologise.

1776 — Genera Insectorurn.

1781 — Species Insectorum.

1787 — Gen. Ins. Mantissa.

1792 — 1794 — Ent. Syst. emendata.

1798 — Suppl. Ent. Syst.

1801 — Syst. Eleutheratorum.
FAHRJEUS, O. I. — See Schonherr.
FAIRMAIRE, L. — 1869 — Faune Ent. Fr.
FALL, H. C.— 1S9S— Apion.<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXV.

1901 — Descriptions,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXVII.

1905 — Zygopini,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. XXXII.

1907 — Descriptions,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXIII.
1913— Magdalis, etc.<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXIX.

FAUST, J. — 1892 — Die Anchoniden.<Deutsche Ent. Zeit.

1896 — Reise von Simon. <Stett. Ent. Zeit.

FELT, E. P.— 1905— 1907— Park and Wood. Trees.<Bull. 165, N. Y. St. Mus.
FERRARI, J. A. — 18G7 — Borkenkafer.
FITCH, ASA — 1851— Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc.

1855— 1865— Repts. on Nox. Ins. N. Y.

FLETCHER, JAS. — 1887 — 1899 — Ann. Reps. Exp. Farms Can.
FOLSOM, J. W.— 1909— Ins. of Clover and Alfalfa. <I11. Agr. Exp. Sta.
FORBES, S. A.— 1902— Corn Bill Bugs.<Bull. 79, 111. Agr. Exp. Sta.

1904— Ins. Inj. to Indian Corn.<Bull. 95, 111. Agr. Exp. Sta.

1911— 26th Rep. Nox. Ins. 111.
FORSTER, JOHN R. — 1771 — Novae Spec. Ins.
FROST, C. A. — 1908 — Psyche.

GEMMINGER & HAROLD. — 1872 — Catalogus Col.
GENERA INSECTORUM, P. Wytsman.

Schb'nfeldt, von. — 1908 — Fasc. 65 — Brenthidse.

Hagedorn — 1910 — Fasc. Ill — Ipidae.

Wagner — 1912 — Fasc. 130 — Apioninae.
GEOFFROY, E. L. — 1762 — Hist. d. ins. d. Paris.
GERMAR, E. F. — 1813 — Mag. d. Ent. I.

1817— Mag. d. Ent, II.

1818— Mag. d. Ent. III.
1821— Mag. d. Ent. IV.
1824 — Ins. sp. nov. desc. ill.

GERSTAECKER, C. E. A. — 1854 — Apion,<Stett. Ent. Zeit.
GOSSARD, H. A. — 1905 — Bull. 79, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta.

1913— Orchard Bark Beetles,<Bull. 264, Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta.
-G-UNPLACH, JUAN— 1891 — Col. d. Cuba. < An. Cien. Habana.
GY^LENIIAL, L. — 1813 — Ins. suec. desc. III.
,-' . . "See- Schonherr.

JSTv M. — See Col. Cat. and Gen. Ins.
HAMILTON, J. — 1894 — Col. Com. to N. Am. Asia. Europe.<Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. XXI.

~

mr.LioGRAPHY.

073

1895— Col. of S. W. Pa,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XXII.

1887 — 1896 — Notes in Can. Ent.; Ins. Life; Ent. News; Trans. Am. Ent.

Soc. (See Bibl. by Klages.)

HANHAM, A. W.— 1894— Quebec Col.<Can. Ent. XXVI.
HARRIXGTOX, W. H.— 1883— 1884— Ottawa Col.<Trans. Ott. F. Nat. Club.

1891— Additions,<Can. Ent., XXIII.

1896— Ilhycerus,<Can. Ent. XXVIII.
HARRIS, T. W. — 1836 — Trans. Hart. Soc. Nat. Hist., I.

1842— Ins. Inj. to Veg.

1862 — Ins. Inj. to Veg. 3d. ed.

HELLER. K. M.— 1895— Zygopiden Stud., II.<Abh. Z. A. E. Mus. Dresden.
HERBST, J. F. W.— 1793— Kafer. V.

1795— Kafer, VI.

1797— Kafer, VII.

HOPKIXS, A. D.— 1893-a— Cat. W. Va. Scolytida>.<Bull. 31, W. Va. Agr.
Exp. Sta.

1893-b— Cat. W. Va, For. & Sh. Tree Ins.<Bull. 32, W. Va. Agr. Exp.
Sta.

1894— Sex. Char, in Scolytidse.<Can. Ent., XXVI.

1905 — Notes on Scol. Larva?. <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.

1909-a— Dendroctonus,<Tech. Ser. 17, Pt. I, U. S. Bur. Ent.

1909-b— Dendroctonus,<Bull. 83, PC. I, U. S. Bur. Ent.

1911 — Pissodes,<Bull. Tech. Ser. 20, Pt. I, U. S. Bur. Ent.

1914 — Generic Names, Scolytida?.<Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.

1915-a — Class. Cryphalina?,<Rept. 99, Sec. U. S. Dep. Agr.

1915-b— Class. Scolytoidea.<Tech. Ser. 17, Pt. II, U. S. Bur. Ent.
HOPPE, D. H.— 1795 — Enum. Ins. Ely. c. Erlangam Ind.
HORX. G. H. — 1868 — Col. fr. S. W. Va.<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II.

1872— Brenthida?,<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV.

1873— Curculionida? of U. S.<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII.

1876— Syn. of Kirby's sp.<Can. Ent., VIII.

1876— Rhynchophora, ( w. LeConte) .<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV.

1878— Descriptions,<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII.

1885— Descriptions, <Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XII.
HOUGHTOX, C. O. — 1908— Col. of Honey Locust. <Can. Ent., XL.
HUBBARD, H. G., & SCHWARZ, E. A.— 1878— Col. of Mich.<Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc. XVII.

1878— Col. of Fla.<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII.

HrBBARD, H. G. — 1897 — Ambrosia Beetles, <Bull. 7, U. S. Div. Ent.
HI-NTKB, W. D., & HIXDS, W. E.— 1905 — Cotton Boll Weevil,<Bull. 51, U.
S. Bur. Ent.

ILLIGER, CARL — 1804 — Ent. Mag. III.

1805— Ent. Mag. V.

1807— Ent, Mag. VII.

INSECT LIFE— 1888— 1897— Volumes I to VII.
JEKEL, HENRI — 1864 — Class. Curc.<Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

JOHNSON, F., & GIRAULT, A. A.— 1906 — Plum Curc.,<Circ. 73, U. S. Div. Ent.
JOHNSON, H. L. — 1915 — Col. of Meriden, Conn.<Ent. News, XXVI.
JONES, J. M. — 1870 — Cont. Nat. Hist. Nova Scotia.
JORDAN, K. — See Biologia.

KELLY, E. O. — 1911— The Maize Bill Bug.<Bull. 95, Pt. II U. S. Bur Ent
KILIIAX, A. H.— 1889— 1894<Can. Ent.
KIRBY. W. F.— 1818— Trans. Linn. Soc., XII.

1837— Fauna Bor. Amer., IV.
KIRSCH, T.— 1866— Berl. Ent. Zeit. IX.

KLAGES. H. G.— 1901— Suppl. Col. S. W. Pa.<Ann. Car. Mus., I.
KLEIXE, R. — 1908 — Borkenk, u. i. Nahrungspf.<Berl. Ent. Soc.

1910 — Lariiden u. Rhynch.<Entom. Blatter.
KNAITS. W. — 1886 — Notes on Hylesinus.<Ent, Amer., II.
KUHXT, P.— 1911— 1912— 111. Best. d. Kafer Deutschlands.
LACORDAIRE, P. — 1866 — Hist. Nat. cl. Insectes, VII.

674 RHYNCHOPHORA OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

LACOEDAIRE, P., and CHAPUIS — 1834 — 1876 — Genera d. Coleop.

LAPORTE, F. L. — 1840 — Hist. Nat. ties Ins., II.

LATREILLE, P. A. — 1802— Hist. Nat. des Crust, et Ins., III.

1806 — 1809 — Gen. Crust, et Ins., 4 vols.
LEACH — 1817 — Encycl. Brit.

LECOXTE, J. E. — 1824 — Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., I.
LECOXTE, J. L. — 1850 — Descriptions, <Agassiz's Lake Superior.

1856— Descriptions,<Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., VIII.

1858 — Descriptions,<Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., X.

1868— Syn. Scolytid8e.<Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., II.

1874— On Class. Rhynch.<Am. Nat.

1868 — Anal. Tab. Baridius.<Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., XX.

1S77 — Tabular Syn. Rhynch.<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVI.

1878— Col. Fla. and Mich.<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII.

1880 — Descriptions, <Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII.

1884 — Descriptions, <Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII.
LECOXTE, J. L., & HORX — 1876— Rhynch. of Amer.<Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV.

1883 — Class. Col. N. Amer.
LEXG, C. W. — 1913 — Aquatic Coleop. <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXI.

1915 — Nut and Acorn Weevils,<Proc. S. I. Assn. Arts & Sci.
LEXG, C. W., & MUTCIILER, A. J.— 1914— List of West Indian Col.<Bull. Am.

Mus. N. Hist.

LETZXER, K. — 1844 — 1848 — Arb. u. verand. Schless. Ges. Jahrbuch.
LIXDEMAN, K. E.— 1875— 1879— Anat. Scol.<Bull. Mosc.
LIXELL, M. L. — 1897 — Descriptions, <Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V.
LIXXVKUS, C. — 1758 — Syst. Naturae, X ed.

1761 — Faun. Suec.

1763— Amoen. Ac., VI.

1766— Syst. Naturae, XII ed.

1771 — Mantissa p. a. g.
LOVEXDAL— 1889— Ent. Med. II.
LUXDBECK, W. — 1896 — Col. Grcenlandica.

MAXXERHEIM, G. C. von— 1843 — Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., II.

1852— Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., XXV.

MARSHAM, TH. — 1802 — Col. Brit. s. rneth. Linn. disp.<Ent. Brit., I.
MOTSCHULSKY, V. — 1852 — 1862— Etudes Ent. 11 vols.

1860— Bull. Ac. Petr. II.

1873— Bull. Mosc. II.

NIELSEX. J. C.— 1907 — Ins. of East Greenland.

NEEDHAM, J. G.— 1900— Metam. Flag Weevil, <Biol. Bull., I.

NUSSLIX, OTTO — 1905 — Leitfaden d. Forstinsektenkunde.

1911— Phyl. u. Syst. d. Borkenk.<Zeits. f. w. Ins.
OLIVIER, G. A. — 1795 — Entomologie, IV.

1807— Entomologie, V.
OUEILLET, C. J. S. — 1915 — Mss. List of Quebec Rhynch.

PACKARD, A. S. — 1890— Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.
PAXZER, G. W. F.— 1793 — 1844 — Faun. Ins. Germ.
PAYKULL, G. von — 1792 — Mon. Cure.

1800 — Faun. Suecica Ins., III.
FERRIS, EDOUARD — 1856 — Hist. d. ins. d. Pin maritime. <A. E. S. Fr.

1876 — Larves d. Coleop. <Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, XXIII.
PIERCE, W. D. — 1907 — Contrib. to Knowl. Rhynch. <Ent. News, XVIII.

1907 — Biol. of Rhynch. <Neb. St. B. Agr. Rept. Zool.

1908— Desc. Anthonornini.<Froc. U. S. N. M., XXXIV.

1909— Studies N. Am. Weevils.<Proc. U. S. N. M., XXXVI.

1910 — Descriptions, <Journ. Econ. Ent. III.

1912-a— Cactus Weevils.<Proc. U. S. N. M., XLII.

1912-b— Syst. Notes.<Proc. U. S. N- M., XLII.

1913— Attelabidae, etc.<Proc. U. S. N. M., XLV.

1916— Notes on Habits,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XVIII.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. <>7~>

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1899 — Beitrage zur Coleop.<D. E. Z.

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1871— Third Rep. Nox. Ben. Ins. Mo.

1874 — Sixth Rep. Nox. Ben. Ins. Mo.

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1915— Brenthida-,<Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXIII.
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SHARP. D.— 1889 — Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond.

1899— Cambridge Nat. Hist., II.

See also Biologia.

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1833 — Genera et Species Curculionidum I.

1834 — Genera et Species Curculionidum II.

1836 — Genera et Species Curculionidum III.

1837 — Genera et Species Curculionidum IV.

1838 — Genera et Species Curculionidum IV pt. 2.

1839 — Genera et Species Curculionidum V.

1840 — Genera et Species Curculionidum VI.

1842 — Genera et Species Curculionidum VI, pt. 2.

1843 — Genera et Species Curculionidum VII, pts. 1 and 2.

1844 — Genera et Species Curculionidum VIII.

1845 — Genera et Species Curculionidum VIII, pt. 2.

(Boheman, Fahrasus, Gyllenhal and others contributed descriptions of

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1885 — Epicserus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I.

1886 — Scolytida?,<Ent. Am., II.

1887— Phytobius,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I.

1889 — Pissodes,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I.

1891 — Phytobius,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II.

1893 — Anchonus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., III.

1894 — Cylindrocopturus,<Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., III.

1899— Pysche, VIII.

676 RHYXCHOPHORA OF XORTHEASTERX AMERICA.

1900— Alaska Col.<Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., II.
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XVIII.

SLIXGERLAXD, M. V. — 1898 — Quince Curculio, Ithaca.
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1887— Ent. Amer., p. 5C.

1909 — Insects of New Jersey.<N. J. St. Mus.
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SUFFRIAX, E. — 1871. — Wiegmann Arch.

1872 — Wiegmann Arch.
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1909— Cat. of Scolyt.idse.<N. Y. St. Mus. Bull. 134.

1910-a — Notes on Scolytid8e.<Can. Ent., XLII.

1910-b— Eccoptogaster,<Can. Ent., XLII.

1912 — New Spec. Ipidse.<Can. Ent., XLIV.

1914— For. Ins. Br. Col.<Bull. 17, Can. Agr. Dept.

THOMSON, C. G.— 1859 — 1860— Skandinaviens Coleoptera I.

18G5 — Skandinaviens Coleoptera VII.

18G8 — Skandinaviens Coleoptera X.

TITUS. E. G.— 1911— Hypera and Phytonomus,<Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., IV.
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ULKE, H.— 1902 — List of Beetles of D. C.<Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV.
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WAGXEB, H. — 1909 — Description of Apion s»n7///i'.<D. E. Z.

See Col. Cat. and Gen. Ins.
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1867 — Practical En torn. II.

18G8— First Report Nox. Ins. 111.
WALSH & RILKY— 1SG9— Am. Ent., II.
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WEBSTER, F. M. — 1886 — Rept. U. S. Com'r. Agr.

1892 — Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II.

ix'.i:; Can. Km. XXV.

1893— Bull. 45, Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta.

1896— Can. Ent. XXVIII.

1906— Circ. 69, U. S. Div. Ent.

1911— 26th Rept. Xox. Ben. Ins. 111.

1912— Curlew Bug,<Bull. 95, pt. IV, U. S. Bur. Ent.
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1894— Col. of Iowa.<Proc. Iowa Ac. Sci.

1896 — Col. of Lake Sup.<Proc. Davenport Ac. Nat. Sci.
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1860— Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, V.

1861— Journ. of Ent. I.

1868— Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1873 — Genera of Cossonina?.<Lond. Ent. Soc.
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ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. — 1828 — Faun. Ins. Lapp. I.

1840 — Ins. Lapp. Desc.
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IXKKX TO PLANTS.

C>77

INDEX OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN THIS WORK.

The species of weevil cited in connection with each plant is indicated by the serial num-
ber it bears in the work.

Abies — See Balsam Fir.

Abutilon, 598.

Achillea, 585, 586.

Acorus, 866.

Acrostichum, 835.

Alder, 63, 164, 402, 958, 1040.

Alfalfa, 178, 184, 191.

Alligator Pear, 839.

Amaranthus, 154, 734, 751.

Ambrosia — See Ragweed.

Amelanchier, 402, 411.

Amorpha, 92.

Ampelopsis, 557, 562.

Amdromeda, 468.

Anogra, 588.

Anona, 852, 906, 964.

Apple, 126, 130, 402, 411, 414, 423, 675,

729, 768, 850, 857, 993, 1004.
Arbor Vita;, 1065, 1066.
Aronia, 438.

Arrow Arum, 215, 272, 505.
Arrow Head, 195, 197, 200, 209, 213, 215,

•?i7. 3n, 3'9, 3-' i, 3-^5, 637.
Arrow Root, 120.
Arrow Wood, 118.
Artichoke, 54.

Asclepias, 555, 586, 756, 757.
Ascyrum, 464.
Ash, 175, 348, 352, 658, 842, 1040, 1072,

1073, 1078.

Asimina, 164, 258, 927.
Aspen — See Poplar.
Aster, 454, 450. 543, 586.
Astragalus, 106.
Avicennia, 554.

Baccharis, 151.

Balsam Fir, 237, 246, 247, 959, 961, 962,
975. 977. iu-5. 1031, iO4-> 1051. 1058,
1070.

Baptisia, 34, 99. 356, 753-

Barley, 899.

Bassia, 908.

Basswood — See Linden.

Bayberry, 45, 47, 809.

Beach Pea, 179.

Beach Plum, 414.

Bean, 97.

Beech, i, 14, 19, 25, 121, 155, 168, 173, 538,
645, 657, 7(13, 777, 782, 785, 798, 801,
808, 843, 903, 911, 957, 980, 982, 993,
997, 1003, 1004, 1033, 1034, 1036, 1040.

Beet, 581.

Beggar Ticks, 538, 707.

Betel Nut, 9(19.

Betula — See Birch.

Bidens, 538, 7117.

Bigelovia, 4<><>.

Birch, 92, 164, 175, 405, Soi, 803, 844, 973,

1001, 1004, 1040, 1042.
Bitter Sweet, 134.
Blackberry, 53, 252, 434.
Bladder Nut, 30.
Blephariglottis, 621.
Blueberry, 472.
Blue Flag, 659.
Borrichia, 151.
Bouncing Bet, 719.
Buckeye, 130.
Buckthorn, 739, 907.
Buckwheat, 899.
Bulrush, 325, 863.
Bumelia, 739.
Bunch Flower, 600.
Bush Clover, 97, 107.
Button Bush, 28, 353.
Butternut, 50, 382, 727, 799, 829, 832.

Cabbage, 126, 206, 272, 680, 683, 685.
Cacao, 34.
Cactus, 795.

Cakile, 493, 689.

Calamus, 866.

Callirhos — See Mallow.

Carduus — See Thistle.

Carex — See Sedge.

Carnation, 161.

Cassia — See Senna.

Cattail, 866.

Cauliflower, 683.

Ceanothus, 155, 186, 531, 593.

Cedar, 1065, 1066.

Celandine, 91.

Celastrus, 134.

Celtis — See Hackberry.

Cephalanthus, 28, 353.

Cercis, 434, 690, 926, 980.

Chenopodium, 510.

Cherry, 100, 402, 423, 438, 729, 842, 855,

9-'S, 953-
Chestnut, i, 380, 383, 386, 798, 801, 97-%

985, 986, 997, 1040.

Chick Peas, 839, 899.
Chinquapin, 383, 386.
Chionanthus, 354.
Chokeberry, 438.
Chufa, 882, 885.
Citrus, 161.
Clematis, 728.

Clover, 126, 178, 180, 184, 189, 191, 357.
1074.

Chili Rush, 617.

Cocklebur, 154, 524, 571, 860.

Cockspur Thorn, 412, 418.

Coffee, 34.

Comptonia, 45, 313, 31''.

Coontie, 120.

Coral Root, (127.

Coreopsis, 538.

Corn, 27, 506, 751, 839, 863, 866, 872, 876,

882, 885.

Cornus — See Dogwood.
Corylus — See Hazel.
Cotton, 34, 157, i<>3, -'3. 4-4. 467, 75J»

753, 759-

Cottonwood, 261.
Cowpeas, 27, 759.
Cracca, 106.
Cranberry, 430.
Crataegus — See Thorn.
Crownbeard, 585.
Cuscuta, 278, 301.
Custard Apple, 852, 906, 964.
Cyperus, 641, 882, 885.
Cypress, 255.
Cystopus, 27.

Daisy, 550.

Dandelion, 686.

Date Palm, 859, 969.

Deodar Cedar, 241.

Dewberry, 434.

Dock, 185, 505, 506, 720.

Dodder, 278, 301.

Dogwood, 95, 118, 431, 432, 57(1, 702, 728,

1005, 1035.
Dried Apples, 34.
Duckweed, 318.

Ecastophyllum, 806.
Kbretia, 157.

Elm, 124, 353, 365, 376, 377, 378, 381, 402,
516, 799, 829, 844, 1044, 1078.

Epilobium, 665, 765.
Ericads, 119.
Euonymus, 934.
Eupatorium, 57(1, 589, 860.
Euphorbia, 719, 720, 751.

Evening Primrose, 588, 663, 718, 760, 765,
772.

<57X

RHYX01-IOPHOUA OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

False Indigo, 34, 99, 35*-', 753-

Fern, 141, 835.

Ficus, 828, 904, 908, 930, 932, 941.

Fig, 151, 899, 951.

Fire Weed, 665, 765.

Forestieria, 355.

Fringe Tree, 354.

Frost Weed, 416.

Fungus, 14, 19, 22, 25, 26.

Galls, 92, 119, 270, 301, 362 — 369, 409, 4-8,
431, 466, 469, 503, 519, 562, 563, 564.
655, 736, 74i, 755, 937-

Galpinsea, 666.

Geranium, 161.

Gleditsia — See Locust.

Goat's Rue, 106.

Goldenrod, 25, 460, 468, 570, 585.

Goosefoot, 510.

Grain, 897, 899, 899-a.

Grape, 64, 132, 146, 355, 363, 365, 557,
564, 565, 660, 815, 836, 848, 951, 953-

Grass, 126, 164, 178, 236, 325, 576, 611,
641, 872, 876, 882, 883, 885.

Ground Cherry, 571, 572.

Ground Pea, 187.

Groundsel, 151!

Hackberry, 911, 912, 1046, 1063.

Hamamelis, 471, 928, 1043.

Hawthorn, 411, 431.

Hazel, 63, 91, 164, 348, 363, 365, 392, 411,
1035, 1044.

Helianthemum, 416.

Helianthus — See Sunflower.

Helenium, 31, 276, 278, 520.

Hemlock, 993, 1003, 1004, 1042, 1043, 1051.

Heterotheca, 67, 458.

Hibiscus — See Mallow.

Hickory, 6, 12, 50, 51, Go, 61, 62, 121, 158,
363, 365, 377, 379, 384, 430, 481, 5i9,
645, 657, 727, 732, 734, 741, 750, 753,
802, 808, 838, 905, 907, 909, 919, 951,
953, 965, 982, 985, 993, 997, 999,
1033, 1040, 1044, 1046, 1049, 1067.

Holly, 396, 459.

Hollyhock, 410.

Honeysuckle, 917, 951.

Hop Hornbeam, 657, 1035.

Horsemint, 278.

Horse Nettle, 447, 571.

Horse Radish, 680, 683, 685, 702.

Houstonia, 584.

Huckleberry, 33, 46, 59, 95, 105, 217, 418,
432, 434, 438, 440, 613, 665, 698.

Hydrophyllum, 622.

Hymenopappus, 651.

Indian Tobacco, 487.

Ipomrea, 4, 160, 755.

Iris, 659.

Ironweed, 131, 160, 164, 558, 860.

Ironwood, 993, 1035.

Jalap, 956.

Jersey Tea, 155, 186, 531, 593, 913.

Timson Weed, 571.

Joe-pye Weed, 576, 589, 860.

Juglans — See Walnut.

Juniper, 159, 396, 453, 1042, 1065.

Kalmia — See Laurel.
Kuhnistera, 410, 585.

Lantana, 157.

Larix, 472, 856, 1029, 1042, 1054, 1058.

Lathyrus, 187.

Laurel, 428, 443, 469, 472, 481.

Lead Plant, 92.

Leaf Cup, 860.

Leatherleaf, 47.

Lemna, 318.

Lepidium, 683, 702.

Lespedeza, 97, 107.

Lettuce, 686.
Lime, 151, 159.
Linden, 957, 1036.
Lindera, 978.

Liquidambar, 36, 907, 974.
Liriodendron, 480, 825, 980.
Lobelia, 487.

Locust, 100, 436, 646, 650, 917, 923, 1044,

1046.

Loosestrife, 676.
Ludwigia, 709.
Lupine, 499.
Lysimachia, 676.

Magnolia, 1040.

Mallow, 410, 467, 752.

Mangrove 554.

Maple, i, 20, 25, 645, 903, 965, 980, 982,

993, 1003, 1035, 1036, 1040.
Meibomia, 86, 95, 107.
Melanthium, 600.
Melilotus, 584.
Melothria, 115.
Mentzelia, 573.
Milfoil, 724-
Milk Vetch, 106.
Milkweed, 555, 586, 756, 757.
Mountain Laurel, 443.
Mulberry, 1063.
Mullen, 225, 486.
Muskmelon, 142.
Mustard, 683, 685.
Myrica, 45, 47, 809.
Myriophyllum, 724.

Xettle, 571 678, 749.

Nightshade, 431, 725.

Nuphar, 325, 327, 617.

Nyssa, 996.

Oak, i, 22, 25, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57, 60, 62,
<>4. 78, 97, 121 — I2o- :45, 152, 155,
159, 175, 343, 362 — 365, 370, 377, 379,
381, 385, 387 — 388, 389, 390, 391, 414,
415, 417, 418, 422, 481, 482, 519, 629,
654, 655, 656, 672, 730, 740, 747, 751,
773, 798, 801, 809, 813, 820, 832, 839,
899, 903, 907, 919, 9^0, 922, 931, 937,
943, 950, 95i, 953, 981, 982, 985, 987,
997, 999, !003 — 1006, 1033, 1036, 1037,
1040, 1044, 1047.

Oats, 236, 899.

Onagra — See Evening Primrose.

Onion, 126.

Opuntia, 795.

< hunge, 151, 159.

Orchid, 621.

Osage Orange, 7.

Palmetto, 18, 41, 257, 258, 367, 576, 590,

859.

Panicum — See Grass.
Paper Mulberry, 1063.
Parosela, 105.
Parsley, 209.

Parthenocissus — See Woodbine.
Papaw, 164, 258, 927.
Peach, 43, 64, 100, 130, 729, 733, 750, 928,

1062.

Pear, 130, 357, 4", 4^3, 75°, 1004.
Peas, 27.

Pecan, 384, 909, 944, 983-
Peltandra, 215, 272, 505.
Pepper Grass, 683, 702.
Persea, 46, 446, 737, 798, 906.
Persicaria, 186, 498.
Persimmon, 158.
Phacelia, 622.
Phaseolus, 97.
Phleum — See Grass.
Phragmites, 863.
Physalis, 571, 572.
Piaropus, 211, 764.

INDEX TO PLANTS.

Picea, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244.

Pickerel Weed, 319, 890.

Pie Plant, 505.

Pigweed, 154, 734, 751.

Pine, 42, 119, 152, 171, 176, 238, 239, 240,
248, 250, 251, 253, 371, 372, 373, 375,
738, 821, 823, 825, 829, 833, 840, 853,
854, 901, 938, 953, 977, 985, 992, 993,
995, 997, 1007, 1008, 1012, 1013, 1014,

IOI7, IO2O, IO2I, IO23 IO32, 1038

1040, 1042, 1043, 1051 — 1053, 1057,

1058, 1068, 1069, 1076, 1077, 1079,

1081.

Plantago, 230.
Plum, 43, 64, 169, 412, 414, 430, 432, 466,

469, 729, 733, 74i, 9i3, 925, 993, 1062.
Podysoma, 453.
Poison Ivy, 49, 557, 924.
Pokeberry, 11, 34, 164.
Polygonum — See Smartweed.
Pondweed, 724.
Pontederia, 319, 890.
Poplar, i, 192, 262, 264, 803, 1041.
Potamogeton, 724.
Potato, 126, 447, 571.
Prairie Clover, 410, 585.
Prickly Ash, 631, 635, 1044.
Prunus — See Plum.
Psoralea, 54.
Pyrus, 393, 913, 951, 965, 993, 1003, io6_\

auercus — See Oak.
uince, 736, 750.

Ragweed, 29, 67, 130, 154, 164, 278, 295,

507, 508, 520, 533, 745, 758, 860.
Rape, 680, 683, 685.
Raspberry, 53, 434.
Rattlebox, 709.

Red Bay, 46, 446, 737, 798, 906.
Redbud, 434, 690, 926, 980, 1044.
Reed, 206, 863.
Rheum, 505, 506.
Rhizophora, 970.
Rhododendron — See Laurel.
Rhubarb, 505, 506.
Rhus, 49, 557, 980, 1010, ion.
Rice, 236, 325, 885, 899.
Robinia, 100.
Rose, 53, 161.
Rose Mallow, 63.
Rosin Weed, 55, 860.

Rubber Tree, 828, 904, 908, 930, 932, 941.
Rudbeckia, 584, 585, 588.
Rumex, 185, 505, 506, 720.
Rush, 325, 617, 639, 863.
Rye, 899.

Sagittaria, 195, 197, 200, 209, 213, 215.

217, 3ii, 319, 321, 325, 637.
St. Andrew's Cross, 464.
St. John's Wort, 431.
Salix — See Willow.
Sand Cherry, 414.
Saponaria, 719.

Sassafras, 164, 253, 480, 1002, 1035, 1044.
Satureia, 585.
Scirpus — See Rush.
Sea Beans, 967.
Sea Ox-Eye, 151.
Sea Rocket, 493, 689.
Seaweed, 817, 818.
Sedge, 195, 321, 325, 353, 615, 885.
Senecio, 230.

Senna, 34, 176, 425, 461, 760, 808.
Sensitive Pea, 176.
Sesbania, 176.
Shadbush, 402, 411.
Sheepberry, 118.
Shepherd's Purse, 683.
Sideranthus, 279.
Silphium, 55, 860.
Smartweed, 154, 155, 186, 200, 498, 503,

514, 516, 517, 662, 663, 690, 711, 719,

720, 721.

Smilax, 907.

Smut, 27.

Snake Root, 576.

Sneezeweed, 31, 276, 278, 520.

Solarium, 431, 447, 449, 571, 725.

Solidago — See Goldenrod.

Sour Gum, 996.

Spanish Moss, 115, 325, 514, 858.

Spice Wood, 1044.

Spruce, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 249, 374,
827, 853, 910, 948, 959, 960, 971, 972,
975, 977, 993, 1014, 1020, 1022, 1025,
1028, 1029, 1031, 1040, 1042, 1051, 1053,
1055, 1056, 1058, 1064, 1070, 1075,
1076.

Spurge, 719, 720, 751.

Staphylea, 30.

Strawberry, 141, 174, 434, 767.

Strophostyles, 97.

Stylophorum, 91.

Sugar Beet, 154.

Sumac, 49, 61, 919, ion.

Summer Savory, 585.

Sunflower, 54, 145, 154, 282, 505, 510, 584.

Sweet Fern, 45, 313, 316.

Sweet Flag, 866.

Sweet Gum, 36, 907, 974.

Sweet Potato, 4, 160, 755.

Sycamore, 832.

Tamarack, 472, 856, 975, 1029, 1042, 1054,

1058.

Tamarind, 898.
Taxodium, 255.
Thistle, 139, 140, 250, 500, 505, 549, 558,

560, 761, 860.
Thoroughwort, 25.
Thorn, 411, 412, 418, 422, 431, 467, 469,

621, 729, 736, 740, 741, 913.
Thuja, 1065.

Tick Trefoil, 86, 95, 107.
Timothy — See Grass.
Toxylon, 907.
Trifolium — See Clover.
Trillium, 600.
Tsuga — See Hemlock.
Tulip, 480, 825, 980, 1036.
Turnip, 683.
Typha, 866.

Vlmus — See Elm.
Urtica, 571, 678, 749.

Vaccinium — See Huckleberry.

Verbascum, 225, 486.

Verbesina, 585.

Vernonia, 131, 160, 164, 558, 860.

Vetch, 1 88.

Viburnum, 116, 118, 432.

Vicia, 188.

Virginia Creeper, 557, 562.

Walnut, 50, 60, 62, 381, 727, 799, 829, 838,

972, 985, 997, 1044-

Waterleaf, 622.

Water Lily, 325, 327, 617.

Water Hyacinth, 211, 764.

Water Milfoil, 724.

Wheat, 28, 899.

Wild Cucumber, 115.

Wild Indigo, 34, 99, 356, 753.

Willow, 56, 57, 92, 192, 261, 265, 267, 270,
291, 393, 398 — 400, 402, 406 — 409, 428,
803, 844, 920, 921, 939, 1044, 1046.

Willow Herb, 665, 765.

Witch Hazel, 471, 928, 1043.

Woodbine, 557, 562.

Xanthium, 154, 524, 571, 860.
Xanthoxylum, 631, 635.

Yellow Rocket, 702.
Zamia, 120.

680

RHYNCHOPHORA OP NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

INDEX TO FAMILIES, SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES AND GENERA.*

*Families end in idie; subfamilies in in.-c, and tribes in ini. Synonyms are in italics-

Acalles, 498.
Acallodes, 437.
Acalyptus, 276.
Acamptini, 519.
Acamptus, 519.
Acanthoscelis, 430.
Acoptus, 423.
Agraphus, 109.
Allandrus, 32.
Allocorhyninae, 90.
Allocorhynus, 91.
Allomimus, 534.
Alophini, 144.
Alycodes, 276.
Amaurorhinus, ^,42.
Ambrosiodmus, 613.
Ampeloglypter, 369.
Analcis, 490.
Anametis, 102.
Anchodemus, 227.
Anchonini, 520.
Anchonus, 520.
Anisandrus, 624.
Anthonomini, 273.
Anthonomopsis, 286.
Anthonomtis, 287.
Anthribidae, 23.
Anthribinae, 32.
Anthribulus, 41.
Anthribus, 35.
Aphrastus, 126.
Apion, 66.
Apioninse, 65.
Apteromechus, 506.
Aracanthus, 133.
Araeocerini, 41.
Araeocerus, 42.
Arainigns, 124.
Artipus, 123.
Attelabinae, 61.
Attelabus, in.
Aulobaris, 308.
Auletes, 53.
Auleutes, 432.

Bagous, 230.
Balanini, JM.
Balaninus, 263.
Barilepton, 414.
Barini, 341,.
Baridiits, 347, 416.
Baris, 348.
Barinus, 411.
Barynotus, 101.
Barypeithes, 132.
Blastophagus, 662.
Bothrosternini; 585.
Bothrosternus, 585.
Brachybamus, 222.
Brachyderini, 98.
Brachystylus, 122.
Brachytarsus, 38.
Brenthidc-e, 18.
Brenthus, 22.
By i- sops, 5111.

Calandra, 573.
Calandrime, 547.
Camptocerini, 587.
Canistes, 496.
Carphoborus, 660.
Carphonotus, 528.
Catapastus, 410.
Caulophilus, 535.
Centrinites, 393.
Centrinus, 378.
Centrinopus, 387.

Cercopeus, 115.
Ceutorhynchini, 424.
Ceutorhynchus, 440.
Ch.Ttecus, 113.
Chalcodermus, 485.
Chaleponotus, 487.
Chionanthobins, 24 v
Choragus, 43.
Chramesus, 659.
Cionns, 325.
Cleonini, 328.
Cleonus, 329.
Cnemogonus, 429.
Cnesinus, 586.
Coccotorus, 387.
Coccotrypes, 608.
Coeliodes, 438.
Coelogaster, 454.
Compsus, 122.
Conotrachelus, 4(17.
Coptufodes, 419.
Copturus, 419.
Corthylini, 640.
Corthylus, 642.
Cosmoderes, 593.
Cossonini, 525.
Cossonin.t, 518.
Cossonus, 529.
Craponius, 428.
Cratoparis, 37.
Cryphalini, 592.
Cryphalus, 605.
Cryptorhynchi, 488.
Cryptorhynchus, 507.
Cryptorhynchini, 41.4.
Crypturgini, 1.5(1.
Crypturgus, 650.
Curculionidse, 46.
Curculioninae, 137.
Cylas, 22.

Cylindrocopturus, 419.
Cyphini, 121.
CyphomimuSj 129.

Dendroctonus, 652.
Derelomus, 191.
Desmoglyptus, 371.
Desmoris, 204.
Dictzclla, 454.
Dorytomus, 193.
Dryocoetes, 610.
Dryophthorini, 523.
Dryophthorus, 524.
Dryotribus, 524.

Eccoptogasterina, 584.
Elleschus, 283.
Encaiits, 239.
Endalus, 223.
Epicaerus, 99.
Ephelops, 276.
Epimechus, 277.
Erineophilus, 585.
Erirhinini, 189.
Ernoporides, 604.
Ernoporus, 604.
Erodiscus, 248.
Erycus, 199.
Euchirtes, 415.
Euclyptus, 192.
Eudiagogus, 134.
Eudocimus, 188.
Eugnamptus, 54.
Eulechriops, 423.
Ennyssobia, 415.
Euparius, 37.
Eupsalis, 10.

Eurhoptus, 496.
Euscepes, 489.
Eurymycter, 30.
Eusphyrus, 29.
Euxenus, 45.
Evotini, 128.
133.

Gelus, 418.
Geoderces, 115.
Gerstaeckeria, 505.
Glyptobaris, 365.
Gonops, 26.
Gnathotrichus, 643.
Goniocloeus, 31.
Gononotus, 522.
Gonotropis, 29.
Grypidius, 198.
Gymnetron, 325.

Ileilipus, 187.
Hexacolini, 585.
Hexarthrum, 543.
Himatium, 526.
Holostilpna, 43.
Hormopini, iSS.
Hormops, 189.
Honniscns, 26.
Hormorus, 100.
Hylastes, (.1.7.
Hylastinus, '.1.4.
Hylesinini, 61.2.
Hylesinus, 663.
Hylobiini, 183.
Hylobius, 186.
Hylurgops, r.iji,.
Hylitrgus, 662.
Hypera, 146.
Hyperini, 145.
Hyperodes, 164.
Hypocoeliodes, 436.
Hypomolyx, 187.
Hypothenemus, 594.

Idiostethus, 403.
Ipinw, 592.
Ipini, fi2ii.
Ips, 637.

Ischnocerus, 25.
Ithycerinre, 91.
Ithycerus, 92.
Itbypori, 465.

Lachnopus, 128.
Laemosaccini, 345.
Lremosaccus, 345.
Lembodes, 495.
Lepidocricus, 126.
Lejiidophorus, 145.
Lcpisoinns, 661.
Lepyrus, 151.
Letznerella, 604.
Limnobaris, 394.
Liolepta, 546.
Lissorhoptrus, 228.
Listronotus, 153.
Lixellus, 228.
Lixus, 331.
Loganius, 587.
Lymantoi, 608.

INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA.

081

Macrancylus, 532.
Afacrops, 164.
Macroincnts, 488.
Macrorhoptus, 284.
Madarellus, 367.
Magdalini, 253.
Magdalis, 254.
Mecinini, 325.
Mecopeltus, 459.
Merhynchites, 58.
Mesites, 536.
Miarus, 326.
Micracini, 646.
Micracis, 646.
Micralcinus, 494.
Microcholus, 388.
Microhyus, 487.
Monarthrum, 640.
Mononychus, 426.
Myelophilus, 662.

Nanophyes, 325.
Nanops, 280.
Neomastix, 316.
Neoptochus, 112.
Nicentrus, 390.
Notaris, 199.
Notolonuis, 191.

Odontocorynus, 384.
Oligolochus, 403.
Onychobaris, 366.
Onychylis, 226.
Oomorphidius, 393.
Oopterinus, 253.
Ophryastini, 101.
Orchestes, 278.
Orchestomerus, 436.
Ormiscus, 20.
Orthoris, 376.
Otidocephalini, 248.
Otidocephalus, 249.
Otiprhynchinae, 96.
Otiorhynchini, 108.
Otiorhynchus, i 10.

Pachnseus, 117.
Pachybaris, 388.
Pachylobius, 185.
Pachyphanes, 202.
Pachytychius, 202.
Pagiocerus, 586.
Pandeleteius, 119.
Panscopus, 103.
Paracamptus, 495.
Pantomorus, 124.
Paragoges, 247.
Paragraphus, 109.
Paraplinthus, 184.
Pelenomus, 457.
Pelenosomus, 436.
Pentarthrinus, 541.
Perenthis, 462.
Perigaster, 455.

Pliaccfholis, 124.
Phloeophagus, 538.
Phloeophthorus, 656.
Phloeosinus, 658.
Phloeotribini, 655.
Phlccotribns, 656.
Phcenicobiella, 33.
Phccnicobiiis, 33.
PhyHobiini, 128.
Phyllobius, 129.
Phyllotrox, 193.
Phyrdenus, 466.
Phytobius, 463.
Phytonomus, 147.
Phyxelis, 106.
Piazorhinus, 323.
Piazitrus, 418.
Piezocorynus, 34.
Pissodes, 178.
Pissodini, 178.
Pityogenes, 635.
Pityophthorus, 627.
Platypodinae, 582.
Platypus, 582.
Plectromodes, 345.
Plesiobaris, 362.
Plocamus, 416.
Plocetes, 243.
Podapion, 90.
Polydrusus, 129.
Polygraphus, 661.
Prionomerini, 322.
Prionomerus, 322.
Procas, 200.
Proctortis, 239.
Promecopini, 133.
Pseudanthonomus, 317.
Pseudoacalles, 504.
Pseudobaris, 372.
Pseudoniopsis, 498.
Pseudomus, 497.
Pseudopentartbrum, 540.
Psonius, 424.
Pteleobius, 663.
Pterocolin?e, 64.
Pterocolus, 65.
Pterocylon, 641.

Rbinomacer, 50.
Rhinomacerinse, 49.
Rhinoncus, 460.
Rhodobrenus, 549.
Rhynchitinse, 52.
Rhynchites, 57.
Rhyncolini, 537.
Rhyncolus, 543.
Rhyncbophorus, 548.
Rhyssematus, 483.

Sciaphilus, 132.
Scierus, 665.
Scolytidae, 576.
Scolytinae, 584.
Scolytini, 587.

Scolytus, 587.
Scythropus, 131.
Sitona, 140.
Sitoniiii, 140.
Smicronyx, 207.
Sphenophorus, 551.
Spermatoplex, 609.
Stenancylus, 533.
Stenobaris, 365.
Stenomimus, 534.
Stenoscelis, 545.
Stenopelmus, 221.
Stephanoderes, 599.
Stephanocleonus, 328.
Sternechini, 344.
Sternechus, 345.
Stethobaris, 406.
Strophosoma, 132.

Tachygoninae, 93.
Tachygonus, 93.
Tachypterus, 285.
Tanymecini, 117.
Tanymechus, 118.
Tanysphyrus, 225.
Thecesternirue, 515.
Thecesternus, 516.
Thysanocnemis, 240.
Thysanoes, 649.
Toinicits, 637, 662.
Tomolips, 539.
Toxonotus, 36.
Toxotropis, 27.
Trachelizus, 21.
Trachyphloeus, 114.
Trichacorynus, 528.
Trichalophus, 144.
Trichobaris, 374.
Trischidias, 594.
Trojiiderini, 25.
Tropideres, 31.
Trypodcndron, 644.
Trypophloeus, 605.
Tychiini, 238.
Tychius, 245.
Tyloderma, 489.
Tylodini, 465.
Tylopterus, 244.
Typhloglymma, 522.

Wollastonia, 540.

Xanthus, 277.
Xenorchestes, 45.
Xenorchestini, 44.
Xyleborus, 615.
Xylocleptes, 607.
Xyloterus, 644.

Zaglyptus, 408.
Zygobarinus, 409.
Zygobaris, 409.
Zygomicrus, 423.
Zygopini, 417.

682

RHYNCHOPHORA OP NORTHEASTERN AMERICA.

INDEX TO NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES.

Acalles inflatus, 500.

minimus, 502.

porosus, 501.

sylvosus, 502.
Anametis setosus, 103.
Anchonus duryi, 521.
Anthonomus atomarius, 290.

cylindricollis, 314.

debilis, 314.

likensis, 301.

rpbinsoni, 312.

simiolus, 304.

unicus, 305.

uniformis, 303.
Aphrastus griseus, 127.
Apion pulchrum, 74.
Auletes albovestita, 54.

Bagous atratus, 233.

blanchardi, 235.

lunatus, 232.

maculatus, 232.

ochraceus, 237.

pauxillus, 238.

puritanus, 233.
Baris canadensis, 357.

carbonaria, 351.

Ceutorhynchus floridanus, 452.

neglectus, 447.

transversus, 450.
Conotrachelus falli, 471.
Cryptorhynchus bisignatus tessellatus, 509.

schwarzi, 514.

Dorytomus frostii, 195.
subsimilis, 197.

Endalus laticollis, 225.
Epimechus nivosus, 277.
Eupsalis minuta paupercula, 21.

Himatium errans parvula, 527.
Hyperpdes deceptus, 167.

minimus, 175.

novellus, 174.

peninsularis, 169.

Hypothenemus thoracicus, 598.

Limnobaris confusa brevicuspa, 399.

tenua, 402.
Liolepta, 546.
Liolepta stenosoma, 546.
Listronotus debilis, 164.

floridensis, 160.

palustris, 161.

rudipennis, 162.
Lixus deceptus, 341.

morulus, 339.

Nicentrus neglectus, 392.

Orchestes mixtus, 282.

pallicornis pallidior, 281.

Panscopus maculosus, 105.
Paragoges minimus, 247.
Paragraphus, 109.
Paragraphus setosus, no.
Pelenomus griseus, 458.

impressiventris, 459.
Pentarthrinus anonus, 543.
Phlceophthorus scabricollis, 656.
Phyxelis latirostris, 107.
Piazorhinus tuberculatus, 324.
Pseudanthonomus inermis, 321.

puncticollis, 319.
Pseudoacalles, 504.
Pseudobaris sobrina, 373.

Rhinomacer pallipennis, 51.
Rhyncolus carinatus, 545.

Smicronyx interruptus, 220.

pinguis, 215.

Sphenophprus chittendeni, 565.
Stethobaris commixta, 407.

Toxotropis floridanus, 28.
Trachyphloeus davisi, 115.
Trichacorynus, 528.
Trichacorynus brunneus, 528.
Tychius liljebladi, 246.
Tyloderma maculata, 491.
Thysanocnemis bischoffi, 241.

(Date of publication of this volume, September 18, 1916.)

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